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[ { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "San Jose lies close to the Pacific Ocean and close to San Francisco Bay (a small portion of its northern border touches the bay). Santa Clara Valley is the population center of the Bay Area, and like the hub and spokes of a wheel, surrounding communities emanate outwards from the valley. This growth in part, has shaped the greater Bay Area as it is today in terms of geographic population distribution and the trend of suburbanization away from the valley.", "precise_score": 3.703026533126831, "rough_score": 4.798699855804443, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "There are four distinct valleys in the city of San Jose: Almaden Valley, situated on the south-west fringe of the city; Evergreen Valley to the south-east, which is hilly all throughout its interior; Santa Clara Valley, which includes the flat, main urban expanse of the South Bay; and the rural Coyote Valley, to the city's extreme southern fringe.", "precise_score": 6.4618706703186035, "rough_score": 4.852985858917236, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "The large concentration of high-technology engineering, computer, and microprocessor companies around San Jose has led the area to be known as Silicon Valley. As the largest city in the valley, San Jose has billed itself \"the capital of Silicon Valley.\" Area schools such as the University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Santa Cruz, San Jose State University, San Francisco State University, California State University, East Bay, Santa Clara University, and Stanford University pump thousands of engineering and computer science graduates into the local economy every year.", "precise_score": 2.0407767295837402, "rough_score": 4.108202934265137, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Private schools in San Jose are primarily run by religious groups. The Catholic Diocese of San Jose has the second largest student population in the Santa Clara County, behind only SJUSD; the diocese and its parishes operate several schools in the city, including six high schools: Archbishop Mitty High School, Bellarmine College Preparatory, Notre Dame High School, Saint Francis High School, St. Lawrence High School, and Presentation High School. Other private high schools not run by the Diocese include two Baptist high schools, Liberty Baptist School and White Road Baptist Academy, one Non-Denominational Protestant high school, Valley Christian High School (San Jose, California), one University-preparatory school, Cambrian Academy, and a nonsectarian K-12 Harker School west of the city in the Blackford neighborhood.", "precise_score": -2.9170939922332764, "rough_score": -3.03663969039917, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Rail service to and from San Jose is provided by Amtrak (the Sacramento–San-Jose Capitol Corridor and the Seattle–Los-Angeles Coast Starlight), Caltrain (commuter rail service between San Francisco and Gilroy), ACE (commuter rail service to Pleasanton and Stockton), and a local light-rail system connecting downtown to Mountain View, Milpitas, Campbell, and Almaden Valley, operated by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). Historic streetcars from History Park operate on the light rail lines in downtown during holidays. Long-term plans call for BART to be expanded to Santa Clara through Milpitas and San Jose from the current terminal in Fremont. Originally, the extension was to be built all at once, but due to the recession, sales tax revenue has dramatically decreased. Because of this, the extension will be built in two phases. Phase 1 will extend service to a temporary terminal in north-eastern San Jose in 2018 at Berryessa station. Construction has been approved and funded and began in Summer 2012 and will connect with the Warm Springs extension to southern Fremont. In addition, San Jose will be a major stop on the future California High Speed Rail", "precise_score": -3.573077917098999, "rough_score": -2.2071237564086914, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Potable water is provided primarily by the private-sector San Jose Water Company, with some by the Great Oaks Water Company, and ten percent by the public-sector San Jose Municipal Water System. Great Oaks provides exclusively well water, while the other two provide water from multiple sources, including well water, and surface water from the Los Gatos Creek watershed, Santa Clara Valley Water District, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission's Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.", "precise_score": -0.21323440968990326, "rough_score": -1.4332715272903442, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "San Jose (; Spanish for Saint Joseph), originally Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe and officially the City of San José, is the third-largest city by population in California, the tenth-largest by population in the United States, and the county seat of Santa Clara County. San Jose is the largest city within the Bay Area and the largest city in Northern California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6160664558410645, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Sales taxes were a chief source of revenue. Hamann would determine where major shopping areas would be, then would annex narrow bands of land along major roadways leading to those locations, pushing tentacles across the Santa Clara Valley and in turn walling off the expansion of adjacent communities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275435447692871, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "The people from these countries have settled in the city and across the Santa Clara Valley primarily during the last three or four decades.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.26949405670166, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "San Jose lists many companies with 1,000 employees or more, including the headquarters of Adobe, Altera, Brocade Communications Systems, Cadence Design Systems, Cisco Systems, eBay, Lee's Sandwiches, Lumileds, PayPal, Rosendin Electric, Sanmina-SCI, and Xilinx, as well as major facilities for Becton Dickinson, Ericsson, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi, IBM, Kaiser Permanente, KLA Tencor, Lockheed Martin, Nippon Sheet Glass, Qualcomm, and AF Media Group. The North American headquarters of Samsung Semiconductor are located in San Jose. Approximately 2000 employees will work at the new Samsung campus which opened in 2015. Other large companies based in San Jose include Altera, Atmel, CEVA, Cypress Semiconductor, Echelon, Extreme Networks, Harmonic, Integrated Device Technology, Maxim Integrated, Micrel, Move, Netgear, Novellus Systems, Oclaro, OCZ, Online Trading Academy, Quantum, SunPower, Sharks Sports and Entertainment, Supermicro, Tessera Technologies, TiVo, Ultratech, and VeriFone. Sizable government employers include the city government, Santa Clara County, and San Jose State University. Acer's United States division has its offices in San Jose. Prior to its closing, Netcom had its headquarters in San Jose. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.202218532562256, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "In January 2014 Forbes Magazine reported that Careerbliss.com had ranked San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara metro area as the happiest place to work in the USA. The report cited a large concentration of technology jobs that typically offer a high salary and opportunity for growth, in addition to companies providing \"fun and innovative work environments\" as some of the reasons for the ranking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.737855911254883, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "San Jose is home to the San Jose Sharks of the NHL, the San Jose Barracuda of the AHL, the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer. The Sharks and the Barracuda play in the SAP Center at San Jose. The Earthquakes built an 18,000 seat new stadium that opened in March 2015. San Jose was a founding member of both the California League and Pacific Coast League in minor league baseball. San Jose currently fields the San Jose Giants, a High-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. The NFL's San Francisco 49ers call neighboring Santa Clara, California home.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.828403472900391, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "*Almaden Quicksilver County Park, of former mercury mines in South San Jose (operated and maintained by the Santa Clara County Parks and Recreation Department).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.743556976318359, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "*Field Sports Park, Santa Clara County's only publicly owned firing range, located in south San Jose", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.390661239624023, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "*Martial Cottle Park, a former agricultural farm, in South San Jose. Operated by Santa Clara County Parks and Recreation Department", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.702234268188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Early written documents record the local presence of migrating salmon in the Rio Guadalupe dating as far back as the 18th century. Both steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and King salmon are extant in the Guadalupe River, making San Jose the southernmost major U. S. city with known salmon spawning runs, the other cities being Anchorage, Alaska; Seattle, Washington; Portland, Oregon and Sacramento, California. Runs of up to 1,000 Chinook or King Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) swam up the Guadalupe River each fall in the 1990s, but have all but vanished in the current decade apparently blocked from access to breeding grounds by impassable culverts, weirs and wide, exposed and flat concrete paved channels installed by the Santa Clara Valley Water District. In 2011 a small number of Chinook salmon were filmed spawning under the Julian Street bridge. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.887391090393066, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Like all California cities except San Francisco, both the levels and the boundaries of what the city government controls are determined by the Local Agency Formation Commission (LAFCO). The goal of a LAFCO is to try to avoid uncontrolled urban sprawl. The Santa Clara County LAFCO has set boundaries of San Jose's \"Sphere of Influence\" (indicated by the blue line in the map near the top of the page) as a superset of the actual city limits (the yellow area in the map), plus parts of the surrounding unincorporated county land, where San Jose can, for example, prevent development of fringe areas to concentrate city growth closer to the city's core. The LAFCO also defines a subset of the Sphere as an 'Urban Service Area' (indicated by the red line in the map), effectively limiting development to areas where urban infrastructure (sewers, electrical service, etc.) already exists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.485025405883789, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County. Accordingly, many county government facilities are located in the city, including the office of the County Executive, the Board of Supervisors, the District Attorney's Office, eight courthouses of the Superior Court, the Sheriff's Office, and the County Clerk. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.397585868835449, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Western Seminary has one of its four campuses in San Jose, which opened on the campus of Calvary Church of Los Gatos in 1985. The campus relocated in 2010 to Santa Clara. Western is an evangelical, Christian graduate school that provides theological training for students who hope to serve in a variety of ministry roles including pastors, marriage and family therapists, educators, missionaries and lay leadership. The San Jose campus offers four master's degrees, and a variety of other graduate-level programs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.846707344055176, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "In addition to the main San Jose Unified School District (SJUSD), other nearby unified school districts of nearby cities are Milpitas Unified School District, Morgan Hill Unified School District, and Santa Clara Unified School District.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.757853984832764, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "The city has 23 neighborhood branches including the Biblioteca Latinoamericana which specializes in Spanish language works. The East San Jose Carnegie Branch Library, a Carnegie library opened in 1908, is the last Carnegie library in Santa Clara County still operating as a public library and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. As the result of a bond measure passed in November 2000, a number of brand new or completely reconstructed branches have been completed and opened. The yet-to-be-named brand new Southeast Branch is also planned, bringing the bond library project to its completion. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.548434257507324, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "San Jose is served by Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport , two miles (3 km) northwest of downtown, and by Reid-Hillview Airport of Santa Clara County a general aviation airport located in the eastern part of San Jose. San Jose residents also use San Francisco International Airport , a major international hub located 35 miles (56 km) to the northwest, and Oakland International Airport , another major international airport located 35 miles (56 km) to the north. The airport is also near the intersections of three major freeways, U.S. Route 101, Interstate 880, and State Route 87.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.474345684051514, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Wastewater treatment happens at the San Jose-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility (RWF), which treats and cleans the wastewater of more than 1,500,000 people that live and work in the 300+ square mile (780 km²) area encompassing San Jose, Santa Clara, Milpitas, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos, Saratoga, and Monte Sereno.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.153106212615967, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "About 18% of the treated wastewater is sold for irrigation (\"water recycling\") in San Jose, Santa Clara, and Milpitas, through local water providers San Jose Municipal Water System, City of Milpitas Municipal Services, City of Santa Clara Water & Sewer Utility, and San Jose Water Company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.788171768188477, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Jose, California" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "Santa Clara County Parks invites you to explore the Coyote Creek Parkway Trail. This scenic parkway meanders along Coyote Creek for 15 miles. The north portion features a paved multi-use trail popular with bicyclists, roller-bladers, and hikers. South of Metcalf Road, and through Coyote Valley, an equestrian trail parallels the paved trail. Public transit is available to Coyote Creek Parkway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.020095825195312, "source": "search", "title": "Nature | Discover Coyote Valley" }, { "answer": "Santa Clara", "passage": "A beautiful 350-acre open space preserve in the foothills along the west of the valley. A recent acquisition of the Santa Clara Open Space Authority, which is currently developing miles of beautiful trails for the Fall 2014 opening.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.936012268066406, "source": "search", "title": "Nature | Discover Coyote Valley" } ]

[ { "answer": "Iroquois Theatre Fire", "passage": "The Iroquois Theatre fire happened on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It was the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. At least 602 people died as a result of the fire, but not all the deaths were reported, as some of the bodies were removed from the scene.", "precise_score": 7.291999340057373, "rough_score": 8.505364418029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iroquois Theatre fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "A fire in the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois, kills more than 600 people on this day in 1903. It was the deadliest theater fire in U.S. history. Blocked fire exits and the lack of a fire-safety plan caused most of the deaths.", "precise_score": 9.252140998840332, "rough_score": 9.305110931396484, "source": "search", "title": "Fire breaks out in Chicago theater - Dec 30, 1903 ..." }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theatre", "passage": "The Iroquois Theatre (Theater) Fire occurred on December 30, 1903, in Chicago, Illinois. It is the deadliest theater fire and the deadliest single-building fire in United States history. A total of 602 people died as a result of the fire.", "precise_score": 7.877410411834717, "rough_score": 9.124443054199219, "source": "search", "title": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "On December 30, 1903, the new Iroquois Theater in Chicago burned taking the lives of more than 600 theatergoers. The construction of this building, called “absolutely fireproof”[1] by W. A. Merriam, the construction manager, lacked numerous fire safety devices and blatantly disregarded the safety of its occupants. While the fire may have been unpredictable, proper fire safety could have prevented the ensuing disaster once called “the greatest disaster in her (Chicago’s) history for a generation.”[2]", "precise_score": 7.485947132110596, "rough_score": 7.031414031982422, "source": "search", "title": "Iroquois Theater Fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "In the end, 602 people perished due to the fire at the Iroquois Theater on December 30, 1903. The courts punished no one and only the construction company ever had to pay a cent to the victims’ families. On the other hand, the residents of the city came together in the face of the disaster and helped their fellow Chicagoans. The city revolutionized their fire-prevention ordinances and gained a healthy respect for the hazard. The Iroquois Theater fire had a profound and lasting effect upon Chicago as well as the rest of the nation. The Architect Marshall stated, “I’ll never allow another theatre to be built with a stick of wood in it.”[26] Many of the ordinances still exist or set the precedence for many of today’s fire-prevention regulations. As time goes on, the people of Chicago have not and will not forget “the worst theater fire disaster in U.S. history.”[27]", "precise_score": 6.211951732635498, "rough_score": 7.307764053344727, "source": "search", "title": "Iroquois Theater Fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "13 “Public Dancing Barred in Fight on Influenza,” Chicago Tribune, 12 Oct. 1918, 5; “You Can’t Smoke on Street Cars till Flu Ends,” Chicago Tribune, 13 Oct. 1918, 1. As a result of the ban on public dancing, Chicago went without a weekday public dance event for the first time since the infamous Iroquois Theater fire of December 30, 1903, where over 600 people died.", "precise_score": 4.463093280792236, "rough_score": 7.119745254516602, "source": "search", "title": "Chicago, Illinois and the 1918-1919 Influenza Epidemic ..." }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theatre", "passage": "The Iroquois Theatre was at 24–28 West Randolph Street, between State Street and Dearborn Street, in Chicago. The syndicate that bankrolled its construction chose the location specifically to attract women on day trips from out of town who, it was thought, would be more comfortable attending a theater near the safe, police-patrolled Loop shopping district. The theater opened in November 1903 after numerous delays due to labor unrest and, according to one writer, the unexplained inability of architect Benjamin Marshall to complete required drawings on time. Upon opening it was lauded by drama critics; Walter K. Hill wrote in the New York Clipper (a predecessor of Variety) that the Iroquois was \"the most beautiful ... in Chicago, and competent judges state that few theaters in America can rival its architectural perfections ...\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5717544555664062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iroquois Theatre fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Fire", "passage": "The Iroquois fire prompted widespread implementation of the panic bar, first invented in the United Kingdom following the Victoria Hall disaster. Panic exit devices are now required by building codes for high-occupancy spaces, and were mass manufactured in the US following the fire by the Von Duprin company (now part of Allegion). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.557125091552734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iroquois Theatre fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Fire", "passage": "In 2011, the Neo-Futurists theater company in Chicago produced a show called \"Burning Bluebeard\" by Jay Torrence, which recounted the story of the Iroquois fire from the perspective of the performers, including Eddie Foy. The play received critical praise and was named one of the “2011 Best of Fringe” by the Chicago Tribune, one of the “Top Five Funniest Shows of 2011” by WBEZ Radio and one of the “Twelve Outstanding Ensembles of 2011” by Time Out Chicago’s Kris Vire. The Ruffians theater company remounted the production in 2013 with the original cast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.36073637008667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Iroquois Theatre fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "The Iroquois Theater, designed by Benjamin Marshall in a Renaissance style, was highly luxurious and had been deemed fireproof upon its opening in 1903. In fact, George Williams, Chicago’s building commissioner, and fire inspector Ed Laughlin looked over the theater in November 1903 and declared that it was “fireproof beyond all doubt.” They also noted its 30 exits, 27 of which were double doors. However, at the same time, William Clendenin, the editor of Fireproof magazine, also inspected the Iroquois and wrote a scathing editorial about its fire dangers, pointing out that there was a great deal of wood trim, no fire alarm and no sprinkler system over the stage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.779245376586914, "source": "search", "title": "Fire breaks out in Chicago theater - Dec 30, 1903 ..." }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theatre Fire", "passage": "The Iroquois Theatre fire happened on December 30, 1903, [1] in Chicago, Illinois. It was the... View the full answer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.236016750335693, "source": "search", "title": "In which Chicago theater did over 500 people die in a fire in" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.234683036804199, "source": "search", "title": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.728499889373779, "source": "search", "title": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "But common sense did not prevail when it came to the seats in the Iroquois Theater, as they were made of wood and stuffed with straw, making them extremely flammable. The fire equipment that was supposed to be installed never did make it into the Iroquois, which had no fire alarms at all. In the haste to get the theater open, many safety precautions were simply overlooked, and the combination would prove disastrous. December 30th was a very cold day in the Windy City, and the Iroquois was packed for a showing of the popular comedy \"Mr. Bluebeard\". Since it was the Christmas break, there were over 2,000 people in attendance, many of them children, with another 400 actors and stagehands behind the scenes. One of those actors was the famous vaudeville performer Eddie Foy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.663851261138916, "source": "search", "title": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "When the fire company arrived, everything appeared normal, as there was no smoke coming out of the Iroquois Theater at first. But when they went into the building, they could not open the doors because of the bodies that were stacked against them. The death toll in the upper balconies was tremendous, as the fire escape supposedly leading down to the street a hundred feet below was found to be non-existent, leaving some to jump or fall to their death from the great height. As many as 150 people met their fate in this manner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.284506320953369, "source": "search", "title": "The 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire - Chicago (HQ) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4890069365501404, "source": "search", "title": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "The Iroquois Theater fire", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.448119163513184, "source": "search", "title": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "An Iroquois Theater ticket stub from the ill-fated matinee performance of Mr. Blue Beard, during which a fire killed hundreds and led to stricter safety standards across the country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.491098880767822, "source": "search", "title": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "An Iroquois Theater ticket stub from the ill-fated matinee performance of Mr. Blue Beard, during which a fire killed hundreds and led to stricter safety standards across the country. (Tribune archive photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.679869651794434, "source": "search", "title": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "A safety standard for theaters and public buildings rises from the ashes of the Iroquois Theater, where more than 600 people were killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.418679714202881, "source": "search", "title": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "School was out for Christmas, so the Wednesday matinee performance of \"Mr. Blue Beard,\" a musical starring funnyman Eddie Foy, overflowed with a standing-room audience of nearly 2,000 people, mostly women and children, at the 5-week-old Iroquois Theater.The richly appointed amusement palace on the north side of Randolph Street between State and Dearborn Streets was said to be fireproof. It would prove as unburnable as the Titanic would prove unsinkable nine years later.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.20773696899414, "source": "search", "title": "The Iroquois Theater fire - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "Iroquois Theater Fire", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.488893032073975, "source": "search", "title": "Iroquois Theater Fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theater", "passage": "Chicago at the turn of the century boomed with a wildly-growing population and unequalled wealth. The city remained the fastest growing city in the nation and Americans knew it as the “Second City” and “the Gateway to the West.” The city had become infamous for its architecture, especially its skyscrapers, signs of unprecedented wealth. Each building that went up towered over the previous monster as investors driven by greed attempted to wring every ounce of value out of their investments. A corrupt city government of Chicago, in particular, Mayor Carter Harrison made this unbridled capitalism possible. Corruption and vice filled the metropolis during the first quarter of the twentieth century. Writer Nat Brandt stated that “despite all the excitement about the city’s phenomenal growth and economic health, Chicago remained a city of corruption, built as much by greed as it was by steel and cement.”[3] Chicago construction companies remained infamous for the poor quality of their theater construction and for cutting corners at every opportunity. The construction of the Iroquois Theater remained “a matter of business-as-usual.”[4] The environment of the city allowed theater owners Harry J. Powers and William J. Davis to hire the George H. Fuller Construction Company to produce the much-anticipated, Iroquois Theater.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.171079635620117, "source": "search", "title": "Iroquois Theater Fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Fire", "passage": "The fire had not had a day to cool before relatives of those lost came looking for blood. Brandt stated that “One thing was clear. Justice demanded that someone or some persons had to be held accountable for the tragedy.”[18] Those who thought themselves in the crosshairs attempted to shift the blame by throwing accusations at others. “Charges and countercharges flew back and forth to such a degree that it was impossible to pinpoint any single culprit. Everyone put the blame on someone or something else. No one accepted responsibility.”[19] Coroner John Traeger led a jury of six businessmen to investigate the fire. A grand jury would also have to look into the matter. The police quickly arrested three members of the Iroquois staff, including stage manager William Carleton. The searched for twenty-six others from Iroquois carpenters to managers, “charged with being accessories to manslaughter.”[20] These men “had packed their trunks and would have been out of the city had not the police arrested them.”[21] Even corrupt Mayor Harrison commissioned an investigatory committee to investigate the incident. The coroner’s jury stated that it would not recommend punishment for anyone but leave that up to the state attorney’s investigation. The jurors did recommend the arrest of Iroquois owner Will Davis, Building Commissioner George Williams, Building Inspector Edward Laughlin, Fire Chief William Musham, Iroquois fireman William Sallers, stage manager James E. Cummings, and the arc light operator William McMullen. They recommended that the state charge these men with manslaughter for negligence. They also thought that Mayor Harrison should be held responsible for “a lamentable lack of force”[22] in seeing to the city ordinances implemented. A judge quickly threw out the charges against Davis, Powers, and Williams which brought criticism and suspicion from the city and its enraged inhabitants. The judge also questioned the responsibility of Cummings and McMullen to keep the entire building up to the city’s fire code. The grand jury held its session to much anticipation from Chicagoans. It indicted five people including Will Davis, Iroquois treasurer and assistant manager Thomas J. Noonan, and stage manager James E. Cummings for manslaughter. The grand jury indicted Building Commissioner Williams and Building Inspector Edward Laughlin for malfeasance. They intended to start the trials right away.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.847637176513672, "source": "search", "title": "Iroquois Theater Fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Fire", "passage": "The new rules specified a numerous changes to the standards of fire safety. Each balcony had to have separate entrances and exits. All hallways had to be at least four feet wide and the aisles at least thirty inches. The new ordinances required thirty-two inches between the rows and the fire exits unobstructed from view, marked with signs, and unlocked while occupied. The city required the theaters to paint scenery with non-flammable chemicals and to make all vents activated with closed-circuit battery from within a fire-proof fireman’s station. The newly formed Iroquois Memorial Association vowed to overlook these ordinances in the playhouses and demanded that the city honor those who had perished in the fire. The city declared December 30 a holiday called Mercy Day in honor of those people who helped the victims of the fire. Thomas Quigley wrote a song called “The Iroquois Fire” and Mathew Goodwin and Edward Stanley wrote “The Burning Iroquois” to commemorate the disaster. As a final testament to the Iroquois victims, the Iroquois Memorial Association gathered the funds to erect the Iroquois Memorial Hospital which eventually ended up treating local tuberculosis patients. The city could finally rest with the knowledge that they had honored the victims and taken sufficient precautions against the danger of similar catastrophes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.721526145935059, "source": "search", "title": "Iroquois Theater Fire" }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theatre Fire", "passage": "Iroquois Theatre Fire", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0204386711120605, "source": "search", "title": "Historic Fires | Fire Prevention Services | The University ..." }, { "answer": "Iroquois Theatre Fire", "passage": "The Iroquois Theatre Fire occurred during a musical matinee in Chicago, Illinois, in 1903. The play’s scenery consisted of many canvas backdrops decorated in highly flammable oil paints, and when a hot stage light ignited a velvet curtain the backdrops soon went up in flames. This eventually caused the deaths of 602 people, making this the most fatal single-building fire in U.S. history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.910592555999756, "source": "search", "title": "Historic Fires | Fire Prevention Services | The University ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "95 minutes", "passage": "It took 95 minutes... View the full answer", "precise_score": -1.738288402557373, "rough_score": -8.795326232910156, "source": "search", "title": "Anyone please........How long did it take to construct a ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "David Hale, the source of criminal allegations against the Clintons, claimed in November 1993, that Bill Clinton had pressured him into providing an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the Clintons' partner in the Whitewater land deal. Clinton supporters regarded Hale's allegations as questionable, as Hale had not mentioned Clinton in reference to this loan during the original FBI investigation of Madison Guaranty in 1989; only after coming under indictment in 1993, did Hale make allegations against the Clintons. A U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation did result in convictions against the McDougals for their role in the Whitewater project. Jim Guy Tucker, Bill Clinton's successor as governor, was convicted of fraud and sentenced to four years of probation for his role in the matter. Susan McDougal served 18 months in prison for contempt of court for refusing to answer questions relating to Whitewater. The Clintons themselves were never prosecuted, after three separate inquiries found insufficient evidence linking them with the criminal conduct of others related to the land deal, and Susan McDougal was granted a pardon by President Clinton before he left office.", "precise_score": 2.725184679031372, "rough_score": -1.0496333837509155, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "As a result of the exposé in the New York Times, the Justice Department opened an investigation into the failed Whitewater deal. Media pressure continued to build, and on April 22, 1994, Hillary Clinton gave an unusual press conference under a portrait of Abraham Lincoln in the State Dining Room of the White House, to address questions on both Whitewater and the cattle futures controversy; it was broadcast live on several networks. In it, she claimed that the Clintons had a passive role in the Whitewater venture and had committed no wrongdoing, but admitted that her explanations had been vague. She said that she no longer opposed appointing a special prosecutor to investigate the matter. Afterwards, she won media praise for the manner in which she conducted herself during the press conference; Time called her \"open, candid, but above all unflappable...the real message was her attitude and her poise. The confiding tone and relaxed body language...immediately drew approving reviews\". By that time there was growing backlash from Democrats and other members of the political left against the press' investigations of Whitewater. The New York Times was criticized by Gene Lyons of Harper's Magazine, who felt its reporters were exaggerating the significance and possible impropriety of what they were uncovering. ", "precise_score": -1.1002509593963623, "rough_score": 1.5684432983398438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "David Hale, the key witness against President Clinton in Starr's Whitewater investigation, alleged in November 1992 that Clinton, while governor of Arkansas, pressured him to provide an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the partner of the Clintons in the Whitewater deal.", "precise_score": 4.267851829528809, "rough_score": -2.4643197059631348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Deputy White House counsel Vince Foster looked into this matter, but did not take any action before his death. On December 28, 1993, almost two years after the original announcement, the Clintons did make a reimbursement payment, for $4,900, to the Internal Revenue Service. This was done just before Justice Department investigators started seeking the Clintons' Whitewater files. The payment was made without filing an amended return (possibly because the three-year period for amended return filing had passed), but did include full interest on the amount of the error, including the additional two-year delay. The Whitewater files in question, publicly released in August 1995, cast some doubt on the Clintons' assertions in the matter, as they showed that the couple was aware that the interest payments in question were paid by the Whitewater corporation, and not them personally.", "precise_score": -2.2294106483459473, "rough_score": -1.9639885425567627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "Clintons", "passage": "The length, expense, and results of the Whitewater investigations turned the public against the Office of the Independent Counsel; even Kenneth Starr was opposed to it. The Independent Counsel law was allowed to expire in 1999. Indeed, no one ended up happy with the Whitewater investigation; Democrats felt that the investigation was a political witch-hunt, Republicans were frustrated that both Clintons had escaped formal charges, and those without partisan involvement found press coverage of Whitewater, which spanned four decades, difficult to understand.", "precise_score": -0.5648964047431946, "rough_score": 1.6995689868927002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Friend of Bill Clinton and gubernatorial aide during Clinton's first term, he was a partner with the Clintons in the Whitewater real estate venture and owned the failed Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan. He was convicted last week on federal fraud and conspiracy charges.", "precise_score": -1.0755852460861206, "rough_score": -1.1571851968765259, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "questioned about her role in the related events known as Whitewater, her public posture has changed very little. She has asserted that she has done nothing wrong and that \"at the end of the day, the American people will know that we have nothing to cover up.\" There is no connection, she has said, between anything she did and the criminal cases being pursued by the Whitewater independent counsel, including the trial that ended last week with the fraud convictions of the couple who brought the Clintons into the original Whitewater land deal and the man who succeeded Bill Clinton as governor of Arkansas.", "precise_score": 2.227811098098755, "rough_score": 3.251232147216797, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "By the time she was asked questions about her legal relationship with McDougal, he was a notorious figure. He brought the Clintons into the Whitewater land deal, which raised the first questions about conflicts of interest and cozy relationships in Arkansas. His savings and loan had long since gone under, costing the government as much as $60 million, another symbol of the expensive savings and loan scandal that infuriated taxpayers across the nation. He had been indicted and acquitted for his various land deals, and would later be indicted again, and convicted. He had become an embarrassment to the first lady. According to her versions, her relationship with McDougal was indirect and almost incidental.", "precise_score": -0.3413594365119934, "rough_score": -1.8462737798690796, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Two lawyers on the White House staff who have been assigned to handle Whitewater-related matters, Jane Sherburne, special counsel to the president, and Mark Fabiani, associate special counsel to the president, were informed about the scope of the article and asked to offer responses to each of its eight main sections. David Kendall, the Clintons' personal lawyer, was present for part of the meeting.", "precise_score": -0.3912198543548584, "rough_score": -2.299083948135376, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The term “Whitewater” originated from the Whitewater Development Corporation, a company formed in 1978 by the Clintons and James B . and Susan McDougal to develop a 230-acre tract of remote mountain land at the confluence of the White River and Crooked Creek in Marion County . The two couples borrowed $203,000 from a bank to buy the land and make improvements. They hoped to sell lots for vacation homes and make a profit, but interest rates skyrocketed, the real-estate market plunged, and the couples lost most of their investment. McDougal, a political operative and friend of Clinton, acquired a bank in the tiny town of Kingston (Madison County) in 1980 and then, in 1982, a small savings and loan company in Woodruff County , which he renamed Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan Corporation and moved to Little Rock (Pulaski County) . That enterprise also collapsed in the sweeping national savings and loan debacle of the 1980s. McDougal was tried and acquitted in federal District Court in 1990 on charges of bank fraud in connection with the savings and loan.", "precise_score": -0.717978298664093, "rough_score": -1.0436427593231201, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Whitewater widened the partisan divide and hardened American political discourse. In Arkansas, it destroyed the career of a promising young politician, Jim Guy Tucker; catapulted a young Republican, Mike Huckabee, into national prominence; and dramatically altered the lives of scores of men and women who were friends and associates of the Clintons, mere acquaintances of the couple, and a few strangers who were swept up in the investigations.", "precise_score": 2.204575777053833, "rough_score": 2.8953421115875244, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The Clintons were never implicated in the Whitewater case, but their real estate partners, Jim and Susan McDougal, were convicted in a trial as well as then-Arkansas Gov. Jim Guy Tucker.", "precise_score": 8.250381469726562, "rough_score": 7.171542167663574, "source": "search", "title": "Clinton document dump details info on Monica Lewinsky ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "At the same time, many of these investigations did get a lot of people in trouble, and they made the Clintons look, at best, shabby. Whitewater led to 14 convictions, including several of people who’d been close to the Clintons. The Clintons proved decidedly slippery throughout all of this. If you asked them for records, you might not get them. (Billing records of the Rose Law Firm, where Hillary Clinton worked in Arkansas, were said to be missing, but copies of the documents showed up two years after they had been subpoenaed.) If you asked them a damning factual question, you probably got one answer and then another, morphing as needed in the face of new evidence. (Hillary claimed not to have been involved in firing seven employees of the White House travel office, only to change her story in a response to a memo alleging that she had been involved .)", "precise_score": -0.08745183795690536, "rough_score": 0.8235883712768555, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "A March 1992, New York Times article published during the U.S. presidential campaign reported that the Clintons, then governor and first lady of Arkansas, had invested and lost money in the Whitewater Development Corporation. The article stimulated the interest of L. Jean Lewis, a Resolution Trust Corporation investigator who was looking into the failure of Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan, owned by Jim and Susan McDougal. Lewis looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case. Little Rock U.S. Attorney Charles A. Banks and the FBI determined that the referral lacked merit, but Lewis continued to pursue the case. From 1992 to 1994, Lewis issued several additional referrals against the Clintons, and repeatedly called the U.S. Attorney's Office in Little Rock and the Justice Department regarding the case. Her referrals eventually became public knowledge, and she testified before the Senate Whitewater Committee in 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.485827922821045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Bill Clinton had known Arkansas businessman and political figure Jim McDougal since 1968, and had made a previous small real estate investment with him in 1977. The Clintons were seeking ways of supplementing their income: Bill Clinton's salary was $26,500 as Arkansas Attorney General (which would rise to $35,000 if his campaign for Governor of Arkansas succeeded) and Hillary Clinton's salary was $24,500 as a Rose Law Firm associate. It was around this time that Hillary Clinton also began trading cattle futures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438552856445312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "In spring of 1978, McDougal proposed that the Clintons join him and his wife, Susan, in buying 230 acre of undeveloped land along the south bank of the White River near Flippin, Arkansas, in the Ozark Mountains. The goal was to subdivide the site into lots for vacation homes, intended for the many people coming south from Chicago and Detroit who were interested in low property taxes, fishing, rafting, and mountain scenery. The plan was to hold the property for a few years and then sell the lots at a profit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.689007759094238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Following the land purchase, Jim McDougal asked the Clintons for additional funds for interest payments on the loan and other expenses; the Clintons later claimed to have no knowledge of how these contributions were used. When Bill Clinton failed to win re-election in 1980, Jim McDougal lost his job as the governor's economic aide and decided to go into banking. He acquired the Bank of Kingston in 1980 and the Woodruff Savings & Loan in 1982, renaming them the Madison Bank & Trust and the Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan, respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398040771484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The Clintons lost between $37,000 and $69,000 on their Whitewater investment; this was less than the McDougals lost. The reasons for the unequal capital contributions by the Clintons and McDougals are unknown but the President's critics cited the discrepancy as evidence that then-Governor Clinton was to contribute to the project in other ways.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.33903694152832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The White House and the President's supporters claimed that they were exonerated by the Pillsbury Report. This was a $3 million study done for the Resolution Trust Corporation by the Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro law firm at the time that Madison Guaranty Savings & Loan was dissolved. The report concluded that James McDougal, who had set up the deal, was the managing partner, and Bill Clinton was a passive investor in the venture; the Associated Press characterized it as \"generally support[ing] the Clintons' description of their involvement in Whitewater.\" However, Charles Patterson, the attorney who supervised the report, \"refused … to call it a vindication\" of the Clintons, stating in testimony before the Senate Whitewater Committee that \"it was not our purpose to vindicate, castigate, exculpate.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.056487560272217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "At Clinton's request, Attorney General Janet Reno appointed a special prosecutor, Robert B. Fiske, to investigate the legality of the Whitewater transactions in 1994. Two allegations surfaced: 1) that Clinton had exerted pressure on an Arkansas businessman, David Hale, to make a loan that would benefit him and the owners of Madison Guaranty; and 2) that an Arkansas bank had concealed transactions involving Clinton's gubernatorial campaign in 1990. In May 1994, Fiske issued a grand jury subpoena to the President and his wife for all documents relating to Madison Guaranty, with a deadline of 30 days. They were reported as missing by the Clintons. Almost two years later, the subpoenaed billing records of the Rose Law Firm were discovered in the Clintons' private residence in the White House by a staffer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7527201175689697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Theodore B. Olson, who with several associates, launched the plan that later became known as the \"Arkansas Project\", wrote several essays for The American Spectator, accusing Clinton and many of his associates of wrongdoing. The first of those pieces appeared in February 1994, alleging a wide variety of criminal offenses by the Clintons and others, including Webster Hubbell. These allegations led to the discovery that Hubbell, a friend and former Rose Law Firm partner of Hillary Clinton, had committed multiple frauds, mostly against his own firm. Hillary Clinton, instead of being complicit in Hubbell's crimes, had been among his victims. In December 1994, one week after Hubbell pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion, Associate White House Counsel, Jane C. Sherburne, created a \"Task List\" which included a reference to monitoring Hubbell's cooperation with Starr. Hubbell was later recorded in prison saying \"I need to roll over one more time\" regarding the Rose Law firm lawsuit. In his next court appearance, he pleaded the Fifth Amendment against self-incrimination (see United States v. Hubbell).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.265728950500488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "By April 1998, diverted to some degree by the burgeoning Lewinsky scandal, Starr's investigations in Arkansas were winding down, with his Little Rock grand jury about to expire. Hubbell, Jim Guy Tucker, and Susan McDougal had all refused to cooperate with Starr. Tucker and McDougal were later pardoned by President Clinton. When the Arkansas grand jury did conclude its work in May 1998, after 30 months in panel, it came up with only a contempt indictment against Susan McDougal. Although she refused to testify under oath regarding the Clintons' involvement in Whitewater, Susan McDougal did make the case in the media that the Clintons had been truthful in their account of the loan, and had cast doubt on her former husband's motives for cooperating with Starr. She also claimed that James McDougal felt abandoned by Clinton, and told her \"he was going to pay back the Clintons\". She said to the press, again not under oath, that her husband had told her that Republican activist and Little Rock lawyer, Sheffield Nelson, was willing to \"pay him some money\" for talking to the New York Times about Bill Clinton, and in 1992, he told her that one of Clinton's political enemies was paying him to tell the New York Times about Whitewater.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.013169765472412, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "From the beginning, Susan McDougal charged that Starr offered her \"global immunity\" from other charges if she would cooperate with the Whitewater investigation. McDougal told the jury that refusing to answer questions about the Clintons and Whitewater wasn't easy for her, or her family. \"It's been a long road, a very long road...and it was not an easy decision to make\", McDougal told the court. McDougal refused to answer any questions while under oath, leading to her being imprisoned by the judge for civil contempt of court for the maximum 18 months, including eight months in isolation. Starr's subsequent indictment of McDougal for criminal contempt of court charges resulted in a jury hung 7-5, in favor of acquittal. President Clinton later pardoned her, shortly before leaving office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.783033609390259, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "There was much acrimony from the most fervent critics of the Clintons, after the release of the Starr report on the Foster matter and after Starr's departure and return to the case. The death of Foster had been the source of many conspiracy theories. Christopher Ruddy, a reporter for Richard Mellon Scaife's Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, helped fuel much of this speculation with claims that Starr had not pursued this line of inquiry far enough. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.773885726928711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Reaction of the Clintons", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500351905822754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Ultimately the Clintons were never charged, but 15 other persons were convicted of more than 40 crimes, including Bill Clinton's successor as governor, who was removed from office. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.645236015319824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "In March 1992, during his presidential campaign, the Clintons acknowledged that on their 1984 and 1985 tax returns, they had claimed improper tax deductions for interest payments made by the Whitewater Development Company. Due to the age of mistake, the Clintons were not obligated to make good the error, but Bill Clinton announced that they would nonetheless do so.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.664055347442627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whitewater controversy" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Former Rose Law Firm office manager who worked in the White House residence handling the Clintons' personal correspondence. She packed away Hillary Clinton's law firm records in a box of \"knickknacks\" and said she was unaware they were the long-sought Rose billing records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.763141632080078, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "As counselor to the president, Gergen advised the Clintons to share all Whitewater-related documents with The Washington Post in December 1993. In an interview in January, Hillary Clinton suggested that she and the president had done just that with the New York Times during the 1992 campaign, but five days later the White House issued a clarification saying she was mistaken.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.113526821136475, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Why and how did Hillary Clinton take on McDougal and Madison as her client? It seems like a minor question, but in fact goes to the heart of how she conducted herself as a lawyer who happened to be the wife of the state's most powerful political figure. One issue is whether she sought out business that carried with it questions of conflict of interest. Another is whether McDougal, who was already carrying the bulk of the financial burden of the Whitewater land deal with the Clintons, tried to throw savings and loan work to Hillary Clinton at a time when his thrift was in danger of collapsing at taxpayer expense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.866222858428955, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The Times article noted that the Clintons were partners with McDougal in a land deal and that Hillary Clinton represented him in some dealings before the state agency that was under her husband's patronage. Hillary Clinton responded that the work she did for Madison was \"minimal,\" adding that her encounters with state regulators regarding the thrift's attempts to explore new ways of raising capital to stay afloat were utterly trivial. The record shows there was an exchange of routine letters between her law firm and the state agency and that she called state Securities Commissioner Beverly Bassett Schaffer (then known as Beverly Bassett) on April 29, 1985, six days after McDougal put the Rose firm on retainer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.756261825561523, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Why would Hillary Clinton remember asking who Madison should talk to, but not remember that she asked that question of Schaffer? And why would she forget what Schaffer testified was the major point of the call: a discussion of the substance of the Madison proposal? It could be that she was trying to avoid any appearance that she was misusing her position as the governor's wife. The subject of the call to Schaffer arose during the 1992 presidential campaign, when the press was raising questions about conflicts of interest involving the Clintons. The Clinton team was beset by questions about the candidate's sex life and draft history. Was Hillary Clinton trying to avoid opening up another set of damaging questions?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.083643913269043, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "There is one other tangential connection between that trial and the Clintons. Some of the money from the loan swaps – $50,000 – ended up in the Whitewater Development account jointly held by the Clintons and McDougals. Documents do not show Rose lawyers involved in any of the transactions. The RTC concluded that McDougal and his business pals put the deals together on their own and that there was no larger conspiracy involving the law firm.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.840481758117676, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Clinton sent the memo back to Wright with his handwritten response: \"No, don't have any more. B.\" The reference was to the Whitewater partnership between the McDougals and the Clintons. Contrary to Clinton's answer, the Clintons were in fact still in the partnership.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.550667762756348, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "But her answer to Rehm was inaccurate. The Clintons had not, as she had claimed, taken \"every document\" they had and \"laid them all out\" when questions first arose about Whitewater. Five days after the Rehm interview, the White House issued a clarification which said the first lady \"mistakenly suggested that the New York Times was provided access to all of the Whitewater-related documents in the possession of the 1992 campaign.\" According to the statement, Hillary Clinton \"believed that the campaign had turned over all the documents in its possession\" but had since learned that some records were withheld.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.361892223358154, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "One day in late July or early August 1995, Carolyn Huber was in the reading room on the third floor of the White House residence, an area she often trolled for letters, newspapers and magazine clippings that needed to be filed. Huber was a longtime friend and trusted helper of the Clintons. She had been the office manager at the Rose Law Firm for 12 years. When the Clintons reached the White House, she came along to handle personal correspondence and other private matters for them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.750502586364746, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Why, if Hillary Clinton saw the records in 1992, as appears likely, would her position on their release change so clearly from then to this year? In 1992, publication of the records would have raised questions that might have sunk her husband's nascent presidential campaign. Some of his political advisers later acknowledged that a third area of controversy – involving money, following earlier ones about sex and war – would have proved fatal. It is the peculiar fate of the Clintons and Whitewater that the controversy has been around for two presidential election cycles. By 1996, the safer course for the White House became a posture of full disclosure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.669724941253662, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "There appears to be a four-year pattern of Hillary Clinton avoiding full disclosure, occasionally forgetting places and events that might embarrass her, and revising her story as documents emerge and the knowledge of her questioners deepens. This article examined only one of several areas where her answers could be analyzed. Similar studies could be done in other areas, including the original Whitewater investment itself and the extent to which the Clintons were equal yet passive partners with the McDougals, as they have maintained. Another area that Whitewater investigators are probing concerns Hillary Clinton's role in the White House travel office controversy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.950084686279297, "source": "search", "title": "Hillary Clinton and the Whitewater Controversy: A Close-Up" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Whitewater resurfaced in 1992 when Clinton ran for president. The New York Times on March 8 published a lengthy account of the Whitewater investment as told by an embittered McDougal, who complained that he had borne an unfair share of the investment and the loss. Critics soon raised questions about Hillary Clinton’s representation of McDougal’s savings and loan company while she was an attorney at the Rose Law Firm in Little Rock, whether state regulators under Bill Clinton extended favors to the savings and loan in exchange for campaign funds, whether the Clintons properly paid taxes on the Whitewater business, and whether McDougal might have illegally channeled money from the savings and loan to the Whitewater project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.014593601226807, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The Whitewater controversy quickened on July 20, 1993, six months into Clinton’s presidency, when Vincent W. Foster Jr. , a close friend of the Clintons from Little Rock and a deputy White House counsel, was found dead of a gunshot wound to the head in Fort Marcy Park, a Civil War park maintained by the National Park Service just outside the District of Columbia. His death was ruled a suicide. Foster had handled Whitewater issues for the Clintons since the campaign and had become the focus of criticism in the media, mainly the Wall Street Journal. In his White House office, he left a bitter note about not having been meant for the spotlight in Washington DC, where “ruining people is considered sport.” Conservative groups promoted dark theories about how the Clintons had had Foster murdered because he might have to reveal Whitewater secrets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.404520511627197, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "In the meantime, the Republican-controlled Senate appointed the Special Whitewater Committee to look into all the Whitewater-related matters, and the Banking committees of both the Senate and the House of Representatives undertook extensive hearings on Whitewater and Madison Guaranty Savings and Loan Corp. Numerous officials of the Clinton administration and associates of the Clintons from Arkansas were subpoenaed to testify. The Senate Whitewater hearings and the House Banking Committee hearings on Whitewater lasted more than a year but found no illegalities. Starr, the Whitewater special prosecutor, eventually concluded that Foster had committed suicide and that no laws were broken in the travel office firings or the FBI files case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.945230007171631, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "But Starr extended the investigation far and wide in Arkansas, delving into the business practices at the Madison Guaranty thrift, Hale’s small-business lending operations, Jim Guy Tucker’s cable television business in the 1980s, and Clinton’s campaigns for governor. Starr and Fiske obtained indictments against seventeen persons in Arkansas, fifteen of whom either pleaded guilty to offenses or were convicted. Most did not go to trial. Only one of the convictions was related by evidence to either of the Clintons: the president of a small bank at Perryville (Perry County) that had loaned money to Clinton’s campaign for governor in 1990 pleaded guilty to misdemeanors for failing to report two campaign bank loans to the U.S. Comptroller of the Currency, as a federal narcotics law required.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.689554214477539, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Although none of the investigations ever concluded that the Clintons did anything wrong in these matters, the original issue stayed alive until the independent counsel closed shop in 2001, mainly owing to David Hale’s contention that Clinton—while he was governor in the mid-1980s—had asked him to approve a $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal that proved to be fraudulent because its proceeds were misused by her husband. Clinton testified that he never heard about the loan. While she stubbornly refused to testify before the grand jury and went to prison for it, Susan McDougal publicly maintained that she never apprised Clinton of the loan because it had nothing to do with him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.928348541259766, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "At the same trial with her husband and Gov. Tucker, Susan McDougal was convicted of fraud in connection with the loan from Hale and was sentenced to two years in prison. She became a celebrity and, to many, a heroine for her refusal to testify before the Whitewater grand jury at Little Rock because she said Starr wanted her to make up stories about the Clintons. She served eighteen months in prison for civil contempt for her refusal. After finishing that sentence in 1998, she served two months of her two-year fraud sentence before U.S. District Judge George E. Howard ordered her released for health reasons. Starr then prosecuted her for criminal contempt and obstruction of justice for her refusing to answer questions before the grand jury. In April 1999, a federal jury acquitted her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8252055644989014, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Although the Clintons survived all the original Whitewater investigations and the endless maneuverings in and out of courts from Little Rock to the U.S. Supreme Court with their integrity and popularity intact, the ceaseless controversy and distraction severely weakened Clinton’s presidency. Back in Arkansas, it profoundly changed the course of history. Although he was a political foe of Clinton, Tucker was caught up in the investigation for his private business conducted a decade earlier and was forced to resign as governor in 1996 after his conviction, allowing Lieutenant Governor Mike Huckabee , a Republican, to take over.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.531286716461182, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "While none of the investigations of Whitewater and the business, political, and governmental practices of the Clintons and their aides uncovered proof of any wrongdoing by the president or his wife, Starr kept up the pursuit. Paula Corbin Jones , a former employee of the Arkansas Industrial Development Commission (now the Arkansas Economic Development Commission ), filed  a lawsuit in 1994 contending that Clinton had made sexual advances toward her in a Little Rock hotel room in 1991. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that trying the lawsuit would not distract Clinton from his duties as president. While that case was unfolding, Starr sent FBI agents searching for evidence of other infidelities by Clinton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.283785820007324, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Scandal - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Fiske — ever the punctilious prosecutor — offers no judgments on the conduct of the Clintons, nor on that of the man who replaced him, Kenneth Starr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.246203422546387, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The long-ago Whitewater probe seems likely to be revived by political foes if, as is widely expected, Hillary Clinton runs for president. (The Clinton library is due to release new documents, including some that are expected to include Whitewater files , this Friday.) For years, the Clintons have sought to portray the entire investigation as a politically inspired witch hunt, pushed by partisans hunting for any ammunition they could find to damage the president and first lady.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.910706996917725, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "\"There were indictments, there were convictions,\" said Fiske when asked about claims that there was \"nothing\" to the investigation. \"People went to jail. There was never any evidence that was sufficient to link the Clintons to any of it, but there were certainly serious crimes.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.139520645141602, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "By the summer of 1994, Fiske says, he was preparing to bring eight indictments against 11 defendants, including criminal charges for fraud against Jim and Susan McDougal (the Clintons' Whitewater business partners), Webster Hubbell (then an associate attorney general and formerly Hillary Clinton's law partner) and Jim Guy Tucker (Clinton's successor as governor of Arkansas).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.177210330963135, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Defenders of the Clintons have long depicted Hale as an inveterate liar who was put up to his allegations by bitter political enemies of the then president and first lady.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.138897895812988, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Despite Fiske's efforts to find more evidence, he soon ran afoul of conservatives in Congress and on the Wall Street Journal editorial page, who accused him of pulling his punches. In late June, he issued two reports — one clearing the Clintons and White House officials of any wrongdoing in trying to influence a regulatory agency review of Jim McDougal's savings and loan, and a second one concluding that Vince Foster, another law firm partner of Hillary Clinton's, who was serving as White House counsel, had committed suicide in Fort Marcy Park overlooking the Potomac River and was not the victim of foul play.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.493223190307617, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "In his memoir, Fiske contends that the evidence that Foster took his own life was overwhelming. But Fiske writes, \"conspiracy theorists\" attacked his findings, suggesting that Foster may have been murdered elsewhere and his body dumped in the park. Fiske recounts how an Indiana congressman, Dan Burton, even sought to disprove his findings by shooting a watermelon in his backyard. And soon Fiske was also being accused of conflicts of interest and protecting the Clintons. \"The Fiske cover up,\" ran the headline on one Wall Street Journal editorial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.961148262023926, "source": "search", "title": "First Whitewater prosecutor says 'serious crimes' were ..." }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The Clinton White House cooperated fully with Sen. Alfonse D'Amato's cunning and costly partisan attempt to assassinate the first couple, but there's no \"smoking gun\" here, and there never has been. If we can forgive Reagan and Bush for their much more sinister transgressions, surely we can forgive the Clintons for getting into a bad real estate deal (there were a few of those in the '80s) and get on with the important issues in this campaign--education, the economy, corporate welfare and rebuilding the infrastructure of this country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.58290958404541, "source": "search", "title": "Senate Report on Whitewater - latimes" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "* What a shocker. Nelson has dug deep and discovered partisanship. In Washington of all places. Everybody who has surrounded the Clintons for the last 10 years is either indicted, convicted, knee-deep in scandal or dead. Somehow, according to Nelson, the Clintons are lily-white in all this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.004817962646484, "source": "search", "title": "Senate Report on Whitewater - latimes" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Nelson will be in deep pathological denial right up until the Clintons, by one means or another, are removed from the White House.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.730484962463379, "source": "search", "title": "Senate Report on Whitewater - latimes" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Supporters of the Clintons suggest that Whitewater, a failed real estate venture from Bill and Hillary’s Little Rock days, is old news. The election campaign is over, the argument goes, and the voters chose Clinton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.291435241699219, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Under the Bridge | FAIR" }, { "answer": "Clintons", "passage": "The article, “Clintons Joined S&L Operator in an Ozark Real-Estate Venture,” asserted that Bill and Hillary Clinton “were under little financial risk” in the Whitewater venture initiated by McDougal. The implication was that this was a “sweetheart deal” offered in return for political favors. Gerth also pointed to Hillary’s partnership in the powerful Rose law firm, which represented McDougal’s S&L in filings before a state agency.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.27003812789917, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Under the Bridge | FAIR" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "The next day’s newspapers featured Bill Clinton’s responses to the article–for example, that the venture did carry risk for the Clintons, who lost thousands. Ignored was Jerry Brown’s news release calling on Bill Clinton to “release all papers pertaining to his ties to the failed Madison Guaranty.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280288696289062, "source": "search", "title": "Whitewater Under the Bridge | FAIR" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "If pursuing the Clintons was a living, it came at a price to the pursuer, and that tended to be squandered years or madness. Investigators persuaded themselves that the crucial piece of evidence was just one more subpoena or interview away, and yet that evidence never came. Congressional committees, independent counsel teams, journalists on the left and right, people involved in the Paula Jones sexual-harassment trial against Bill—all entertained hopes of claiming the presidential scalp. None wanted to let go. When the Monica Lewinsky affair was first revealed, special prosecutor Kenneth Starr’s deputy, Hickman Ewing, viewed it as a distracting threat to his hopes of unveiling an indictment of Hillary Clinton for efforts to conceal her work for a savings and loan. “Monica saved Hillary,” Ewing later complained .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.632599830627441, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "But we got through it. Today, the Clintons have new controversies to deal with—Hillary’s e-mail, Benghazi, donations to the Clinton Foundation, and a few other things. But many of us were hopeful that at least the 90s scandals could be relegated to the archives. That was before Donald Trump made it clear that we wouldn’t get off so fast. In December, he brought up Bill’s past skirt chasing, setting off a couple of weeks of debates and retrospectives on changing sexual mores. Just last week, Trump revived the subject of the 1993 suicide of Vince Foster, deputy White House counsel in the Clinton administration, albeit with little success. We also learned that Trump has directed Republican National Committee researchers to look into Whitewater. So maybe Filegate is next, and all the scandals and non-scandals of the 90s are going to be revived. If that’s the case, there are two questions to answer: Which Clinton scandals should we view as genuinely serious? And will Trump draw blood by bringing them up?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.634987831115723, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "We’ll have to answer the first question with a preliminary caveat: no one really knows what to make of all the Clinton scandals. If you’re a Republican partisan, you’re going to see them all as evidence of the crookedness of the Clintons. If you’re a Democratic partisan, you’ll see them all as evidence of Republican craziness. But there were just too many for sane people to delve into with thoroughness. We can say this much: the only case that got Bill Clinton in major legal trouble, the one that led to his impeachment in 1998, concerned his lies over an extramarital affair with Monica Lewinsky. You could argue that all the rest was, in the end, noise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.455853462219238, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "“The Clintons rarely, if ever, cross the line into obvious illegality. They instead flirt with it from a zone of insouciant vulgarity.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326403617858887, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "Instead, let’s take a step back and identify the bigger tendencies and patterns. I submit that most of the vices that keep getting the Clintons in trouble are not outright crimes but the more venial offenses of slipperiness, greed, and unchecked conflicts of interest. That’s why Hillary Clinton dances away from records requests and changes her stories when called out. It’s why Bill and Hillary have kept delivering speeches for huge sums to interested parties, like Goldman Sachs. And it’s why the Clinton Foundation took in big donations from foreign governments while Hillary was secretary of state, precisely the sort of trouble that former senator Dick Lugar warned about when, during Hillary’s confirmation hearings, he voted yes but urged the Clinton Foundation to be mindful of the “temptation” it could pose to foreign governments and to “forswear new foreign contributions when Senator Clinton becomes secretary of state.” The Clintons rarely, if ever, cross the line into obvious illegality. They instead flirt with it from a zone of insouciant vulgarity. Thus it has been, and thus it ever shall be.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.041210174560547, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" }, { "answer": "The Clintons", "passage": "From Trump’s perspective, then, a major disruption such as a criminal indictment that knocks Clinton out altogether would be most unwelcome. He doesn’t want to see the Clintons led off in handcuffs, which would throw him off his game and put him up against a new opponent. Trump wants a steady flow of negative developments that keep diminishing Clinton little by little, until she reaches a state of unsalvageable weakness. He wants her to remain unindicted for e-mail scandals, so that he can rail about how the entire system is crooked. And he wants the rest of us to shake our heads, lamenting the crookedness of the Clintons and the crookedness of the system that shields them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221631050109863, "source": "search", "title": "Vince Foster, Cattle Futures, Whitewater . . . | Vanity Fair" } ]

[ { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 – April 23, 1998) was an American convicted of the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray was convicted on his 41st birthday after entering a guilty plea to forgo a jury trial. Had he been found guilty by jury trial, he would have been eligible for the death penalty. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison. He later recanted his confession and tried unsuccessfully to gain access to a retrial. In 1998, Ray died in prison of complications due to chronic hepatitis C infection.", "precise_score": 4.4252848625183105, "rough_score": 2.592963933944702, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King was fatally wounded by a single rifle bullet on April 4, 1968, while standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Shortly after the shot was fired, witnesses saw a man believed to be James Earl Ray fleeing from a rooming house across the street from the Lorraine Motel. Ray had been renting a room in the house at the time. A package was dumped close to the site that included a rifle and a binocular, both found with Ray's fingerprints.", "precise_score": 9.791353225708008, "rough_score": 8.477852821350098, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "9LDpmCpVl0A John Ray ( brother of James Earl) on Fox] at YouTube Loyd Jowers, a restaurant owner in Memphis, was brought to civil court and sued for being part of a conspiracy to murder Martin Luther King. Jowers was found legally liable, and the King family accepted $100 in restitution, an amount chosen to show that they were not pursuing the case for financial gain.", "precise_score": 2.4905028343200684, "rough_score": 3.1144144535064697, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "At 6:05 P.M. on Thursday, 4 April 1968, Martin Luther King was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-floor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King’s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old escaped fugitive, later confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term. During King’s funeral a tape recording was played in which King spoke of how he wanted to be remembered after his death: ‘‘I’d like somebody to mention that day that Martin Luther King Jr. tried to give his life serving", "precise_score": 8.30929946899414, "rough_score": 6.998068332672119, "source": "search", "title": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968)" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn., 45 years ago, on April 4, 1968. His death shocked a country rocked by riots, civil discord, and a controversial war. It sparked nationwide protests, a two-month manhunt and an outpouring of grief for the slain civil rights leader who continues to stand for equal rights, peaceful protests and justice for all.", "precise_score": 9.469008445739746, "rough_score": 9.23287582397461, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. makes his last public appearance at the Mason Temple in Memphis, Tenn., on April 3, 1968. The following day, King was assassinated on his motel balcony.", "precise_score": 0.6316664218902588, "rough_score": -2.814042329788208, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Just after 6 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. is fatally shot while standing on the balcony outside his second-story room at theLorraine Motelin Memphis, Tennessee. The civil rights leader was in Memphis to support a sanitation workers’ strike and was on his way to dinner when a bullet struck him in the jaw and severed his spinal cord. King was pronounced dead after his arrival at a Memphis hospital. He was 39 years old.", "precise_score": 4.184460639953613, "rough_score": 2.535072088241577, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "James Earl Ray pleads guilty to killing Martin Luther King, Jr. and is sentenced to 99 years in Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Tennessee.", "precise_score": 3.4285800457000732, "rough_score": -2.8727550506591797, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis | PBS" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "A. James Earl Ray Fired One Shot at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the Shot Killed Dr. King", "precise_score": 5.111027717590332, "rough_score": 3.074916362762451, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Shortly after 6 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and mortally wounded as he stood on the second-floor balcony outside his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. He was pronounced dead at 7:05 p.m. at St. Joseph Hospital.", "precise_score": 3.369481325149536, "rough_score": 4.214787483215332, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. He was sentenced to 99 years at the State penitentiary.", "precise_score": 6.43316125869751, "rough_score": 3.5847747325897217, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "On April 23, 1967, Ray did escape from the Missouri State Penitentiary. Over the following 11 1/2-month period, he traveled extensively in North America, residing in such cities as Chicago, Montreal, Birmingham, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. On the afternoon of April 1968, posing as John Willard, Ray rented a room at a Memphis roominghouse near the Lorraine Motel. That day, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated as he stood on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel.", "precise_score": 6.5222673416137695, "rough_score": 2.006187677383423, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "On May 7, 1968, the Shelby County Criminal Court named James Earl Ray in an indictment for the first-degree murder of Dr. King. An international manhunt culminated with Ray's capture at Heathrow Airport in London, England, on June 8, 1968. Following extradition proceedings in England, Ray was returned to the United States on July 19, 1968. Ray pleaded guilty to the murder of Dr. King on March 10, 1969. Judge W. Preston Battle sentenced him to 99 years in the penitentiary.", "precise_score": 5.319613456726074, "rough_score": 2.9306840896606445, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Based on its investigation, the committee determined that James Earl Ray fired the shot that killed Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.", "precise_score": 4.937180519104004, "rough_score": -0.09110770374536514, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "3. James Earl Ray purchased the rifle that was used to shoot Dr. King and transported it from Birmingham, Ala. to Memphis, Tenn., where he rented a room at 422 1/2 South Main Street and moments after the assassination, he dropped it near 424 South Main Street", "precise_score": 5.4808197021484375, "rough_score": 6.664364337921143, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Dr. King was killed by a Remington-Peters, soft-point, metal-jacketed bullet fired from a high velocity .30-06 rifle. The committee determined that a rifle purchased by James Earl Ray on March 30 1968, in Birmingham, Ala, and which was found in front of Canipe's Amusement Co., 424 South Main Street, moments after the assassination, was the type of rifle that could have fired the bullet that killed Dr. King.", "precise_score": 5.147540092468262, "rough_score": -2.529975175857544, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Ray testified that between March 30 and April 3, he took a slow drive through Alabama and Mississippi, stopping at different motels each night, on his way to meet Raoul in Memphis.(60) The committee could find no evidence, witness corroboration or documentation, to support this account. 14 On the other hand, there was substantial evidence indicating that Ray returned to Atlanta following the rifle purchase. Thus, Ray's movements roughly paralleled those of Dr. King, who returned to Atlanta from Memphis on March 30. Except for a trip to Washington, D.C., on March 31, Dr. King remained in Atlanta until April 3, 1968, when he returned to Memphis. (61)", "precise_score": 4.861639499664307, "rough_score": 1.4118140935897827, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Rev. Samuel B. Kyles of Memphis, an associate of Dr. King, recalled that on April 3 he heard a radio broadcast reporting that Dr. King was staying at room 306 of the Lorraine. (72) Among Ray's possessions left in front of Canipe's, authorities recovered a copy of the Memphis Commercial Appeal with a front page story about Dr. King, one that placed him at the Lorraine Motel for lunch on April 3. (73) Ray's fingerprint was found on the front page of the newspaper. (74)", "precise_score": 1.8666924238204956, "rough_score": -3.34032940864563, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Ray testified that he might have purchased the newspaper, but that he did not read it on April 4 and that he was not aware Dr. King was in Memphis. \"I really wasn't aware that he was existing,\"(76) he stated. In light of the high visibility of the sanitation worker's strike, Ray's natural sensitivity to the increased police activity because of his fugitive status, the radio and newspaper coverage of Dr. King's activities, and Ray's fingerprint on the April 4 edition of the Memphis", "precise_score": 3.078659772872925, "rough_score": -2.2377054691314697, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Ray's monitoring of Dr. King was also indicated by his purchase of a pair of binoculars after renting the room. Ray admitted purchasing binoculars on the afternoon of April 4, 1968. (78) This admission was corroborated by a sales receipt from the York Arms Co., 162 South Main Street, Memphis, dated April 4, 1968; the statement of Ralph Carpenter, the sales clerk who sold the binoculars to Ray;(79) and Ray's fingerprint on the binoculars. The binoculars with the receipt were found in the bundle of evidence outside Canipe's. Although inexpensive, they would have enabled Ray to keep a close watch on movement at the Lorraine Motel from the rear of the roominghouse. Ray could have observed the Lorraine either from room 5-B, by leaning slightly out of the window, or from the bathroom at the end of the hall. Examination of room 5-B immediately after the assassination revealed that a dresser had been pushed from in front of the window and that a chair had been moved up to the window,(80) indicating that Ray had, in fact, used the window for surveillance of the Lorraine.", "precise_score": 4.76915168762207, "rough_score": -0.695218026638031, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Thus, there is compelling circumstantial evidence that from March 17, 1968, Ray tracked Dr. King's movements from Los Angeles eastward, and then followed him to Selma, Ala., Atlanta, Ga., and ultimately Memphis, Tenn., where he rented a room from which he could observe Dr. King and purchased a pair of binoculars to assist him in his observations. The committee concluded that these were activities performed by Ray in preparation for assassinating Dr. King.", "precise_score": 5.099721908569336, "rough_score": -2.1196553707122803, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee concluded that James Earl Ray shot Dr. King from the bathroom window on the second floor of the north wing of Bessie Brewer's roominghouse, fled from the building carrying a bundle containing the weapon and other items, and dropped the bundle in the entranceway of Canipe's Amusement Co. The evidence further", "precise_score": 4.026767730712891, "rough_score": -0.06050650402903557, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Robert Jensen, special agent in charge of the Memphis FBI field office in 1968, supervised the FBI's local investigation of the assassination. He told the committee that Walden's statement to Memphis agents was to the effect that she saw nothing following the shot that killed Dr. King because she was in bed all day. He also stated that she \"...was never requested by the FBI or by anyone to sign an affidavit identifying James Earl Ray as a man she observed exiting the bathroom following the shot.\" In addition, Jensen explained that she was never offered a reward of $100,000 or any amount to sign such an affidavit, and she was never threatened for failing to sign such an affidavit. (164)", "precise_score": 5.561939716339111, "rough_score": 5.600162029266357, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "On March 10, 1969, James Earl Ray appeared before Judge W. Preston Battle of the Criminal Court of Shelby County, Tenn., and pleaded guilty to the first degree murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.(181)22 This plea resulted from negotiations between Ray's principal attorney, Percy Foreman, and Shelby County Attorney General Phil N. Canale. (182) Foreman was assisted in his representation of Ray by Hugh Stanton, Sr. and Hugh Stanton, Jr., (183) both of the Shelby County Public Defender's Office. The maximum penalty under Tennessee law in 1969 for first degree murder was death. (184) Nevertheless, under the terms of the prosecution's recommendation to the court, Ray was spared the death penalty and was sentenced to 99 years confinement in the State penitentiary. (185)", "precise_score": 3.642484664916992, "rough_score": -2.4474353790283203, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "James Earl Ray is the man who shot and killed civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. on 4 April 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. King was killed while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel, and police determined that Ray had shot him with a rifle from the window of a rented room across the street. Ray, who had a record as a petty criminal and was an escapee from a Missouri prison, disappeared but was captured in England two months later and charged with killing King. Ray pled guilty to the charge in 1969 and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. However, he soon tried to take back his guilty plea, claiming to be innocent. By the 1990s his continued requests for a new trial had gained fresh life; a Memphis bar owner named Loyd Jowers even claimed that he participated in a plot to kill King. King’s son Dexter met with Ray in 1997 and publicly supported him, and the next year Attorney General Janet Reno ordered a full review of the case. That review ended in 2000 with a finding that “no credible evidence” existed to support the claims of Jowers or the various other conspiracy theories. Ray died in prison in 1998.", "precise_score": 10.767232894897461, "rough_score": 9.595544815063477, "source": "search", "title": "James Earl Ray biography | birthday, trivia | American ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King Jr. is shot to death at a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee. A single shot fired by James Earl Ray from over 200 feet away at a nearby motel struck King in the neck. He died an hour later at St. Joseph’s Hospital. The death of America’s leading civil rights advocate sparked a wave of rioting in the black communities of several cities around the country.", "precise_score": 5.4789276123046875, "rough_score": 6.5941267013549805, "source": "search", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Previously unseen footage of James Earl Ray arriving in Memphis to face trial for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr has come to light.", "precise_score": 5.378808975219727, "rough_score": 4.542401313781738, "source": "search", "title": "New footage found of Martin Luther King's assassin ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Arriving in Atlanta on March 24, 1968, Ray checked into a rooming house. He eventually bought a map of the city. FBI agents later found this map when they searched the room in which he was staying in Atlanta. On the map, the locations of the church and residence of Martin Luther King Jr. were circled. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.906142234802246, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.072822570800781, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Ray fired Foreman as his attorney, and derisively called him \"Percy Fourflusher\" thereafter. Ray began claiming that a man he had met in Montreal back in 1967, who used the alias \"Raul,\" had been deeply involved. Instead he asserted that he did not \"personally shoot Dr. King,\" but may have been \"partially responsible without knowing it,\" hinting at a conspiracy. Ray told this version of King's assassination and his own flight in the two months afterwards to William Bradford Huie. Huie investigated this story and discovered that Ray lied about some details. Ray told Huie that he purposefully left the rifle with his fingerprints on it in plain sight because he wanted to become a famous criminal. Ray was convinced that he would not be caught because he was so smart. Ray believed that Governor of Alabama George Wallace would soon be elected President, and that he would only be confined for a short time. Ray spent the remainder of his life unsuccessfully attempting to withdraw his guilty plea and secure a trial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.320312023162842, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Ray had hired Jack Kershaw as his attorney, who promoted Ray's claim that he was not responsible for the shooting, which was said to have been the result of a conspiracy of the otherwise unidentified man named \"Raul\". Kershaw and his client met with representatives of the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations and convinced the committee to conduct ballistics tests—which ultimately proved inconclusive—that they felt would show that Ray had not fired the fatal shot. Kershaw claimed that the escape was additional proof that Ray had been involved in a conspiracy that had provided him with the outside assistance he would have needed to break out of jail. Kershaw convinced Ray to take a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. The magazine said that the test results showed \"that Ray did, in fact, kill Martin Luther King Jr. and that he did so alone.\" Ray fired Kershaw after discovering that the attorney had been paid $11,000 by the magazine in exchange for the interview and hired conspiracy theorist Mark Lane to provide him with legal representation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.175204277038574, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Dr. William Pepper, a friend of King in the last year of his life, represented Ray in a televised mock trial in an attempt to grant him the trial he never received. Pepper later represented the King family in a wrongful death civil trial against Loyd Jowers. The King family has since concluded that Ray did not have anything to do with the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.202073097229004, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Prior to his death, Ray was transferred to the Lois M. DeBerry Special Needs Facility in Nashville, a maximum security prison with hospital facilities. Ray died at the Columbia Nashville Memorial Hospital in Nashville on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70, from complications related to kidney disease and liver failure caused by hepatitis C. Ray was survived by seven siblings. His brother Jerry Ray told CNN that his brother did not want to be buried or have his final resting place in the United States because of \"the way the government has treated him.\" Ray was cremated and his ashes were flown to Ireland, the home of his family's ancestors. Ten years later, Ray's other brother, John Larry Ray, co-authored a book with Lyndon Barsten, titled Truth At Last: The Untold Story Behind James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. revealing what the former author knew about the assassination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.223348140716553, "source": "wiki", "title": "James Earl Ray" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, known for his leadership in the non-violent movement, came to lend his support to the workers' cause. He stayed at the Lorraine Motel in the city, where he was assassinated by a sniper on April 4, 1968, the day after giving his prophetic I've Been to the Mountaintop speech at the Mason Temple.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.927962303161621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Memphis, Tennessee" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Also in 2013, USA Today readers voted Beale Street as America's Best Iconic Street and Graceland as the Best Iconic American Attraction. The National Civil Rights Museum (at the Lorraine Motel, the site of Rev. Martin Luther King's assassination) ranked third in the poll of national attractions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40408706665039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Memphis, Tennessee" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "The international headquarters of the Church of God in Christ, the second-largest Pentecostal denomination in the United States, is located in Memphis. Its Mason Temple was named after the denomination's founder, Charles Harrison Mason. This church is where Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his noted \"I've Been to the Mountaintop\" speech in April 1968, the night before he was assassinated at his motel. The National Civil Rights Museum, located in Memphis at the Lorraine Motel and other buildings, has an annual ceremony at Mason's Temple of Deliverance where it honors persons with Freedom Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.30432653427124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Memphis, Tennessee" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "* National Civil Rights MuseumThe National Civil Rights Museum is located in the former Lorraine Motel and related buildings, where Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968. It includes a historical overview of the American civil rights movement and interpretation of historic and current issues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.970993041992188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Memphis, Tennessee" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.51471471786499, "source": "search", "title": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968)" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.51471471786499, "source": "search", "title": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968)" }, { "answer": "Mlkj", "passage": "Mays, Eulogy, 9 April 1968, MLKJP-GAMK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.305179595947266, "source": "search", "title": "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (4 April 1968)" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394716262817383, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.284242630004883, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Civil rights leader Andrew Young, left, and others on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel point in the direction where gunshots came from after the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968. His body lays at their feet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.954545021057129, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "As he walks through O'Hare Airport in Chicago, American civil rights leader the Rev. Jesse Jackson holds a copy of the Daily Defender newspaper, which features the headline 'King Murdered!' April 5, 1968. The headline refers to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on the evening of April 4, 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768844604492188, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "A man looks at the portrait of Martin Luther King Jr. in the window of Jordan Marsh, a department store in Downtown Crossing in Boston, on April 6, 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.451467514038086, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "A soldier stands guard on April 8, 1968 on a Washington, D.C., street amid the ruins of buildings that were destroyed during the riots that followed the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.634939193725586, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. lies in repose in Memphis, Tenn., as his colleagues Andrew Young, Bernard Lee and the Rev. Ralph Abernathy pay their respects to him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.868433952331543, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "The funeral procession for civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. on April 9, 1968 in Atlanta draws thousands of mourners who came to pay their last respects to King at a public service at Morehouse College. A private funeral was held separately at Ebenezer Baptist Church.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.402257919311523, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy walks through the streets with American civil rights activist Bernard Lee, left, in the funeral procession of assassinated civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr., Atlanta, April 9, 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.212559700012207, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "The Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. and his wife, Alberta King, the parents of assassinated civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., and King Jr.'s widow, Coretta Scott King, listen to ceremonies at Morehouse College during a memorial for King in Atlanta, April 9, 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.555537223815918, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "A large crowd of mourners follow the casket of Martin Luther King Jr. through the streets of Atlanta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391955375671387, "source": "search", "title": "The Murder of Martin Luther King Jr. - ABC News" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.542365074157715, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Dr. King is assassinated", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.369815826416016, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "In the months before his assassination, Martin Luther King became increasingly concerned with the problem of economic inequality in America. He organized a Poor People’s Campaign to focus on the issue, including an interracialpoor people’s marchon Washington, and in March 1968 traveled to Memphis in support of poorly treated African-American sanitation workers. On March 28, a workers’ protest march led by King ended in violence and the death of an African-American teenager. King left the city but vowed to return in early April to lead another demonstration.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.835787773132324, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "One day after speaking those words, Dr. King was shot and killed by a sniper. As word of the assassination spread, riots broke out in cities all across the United States and National Guard troops were deployed in Memphis and Washington, D.C. On April 9, King was laid to rest in his hometown of Atlanta, Georgia. Tens of thousands of people lined the streets to pay tribute to King’s casket as it passed by in a wooden farm cart drawn by two mules.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.13837194442749, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "During the 1990s, the widow and children of Martin Luther King Jr. spoke publicly in support of Ray and his claims, calling him innocent and speculating about an assassination conspiracy involving the U.S. government and military. U.S. authorities were, in conspiracists’ minds, implicated circumstantially. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover obsessed over King, who he thought was under communist influence. For the last six years of his life, King underwent constant wiretapping and harassment by the FBI. Before his death, Dr. King was also monitored by U.S. military intelligence, which may have been asked to watch King after he publicly denounced the Vietnam War in 1967. Furthermore, by calling for radical economic reforms in 1968, including guaranteed annual incomes for all, King was making few new friends in the Cold War-era U.S. government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.985034942626953, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Over the years, the assassination has been reexamined by the House Select Committee on Assassinations, the Shelby County, Tennessee, district attorney’s office, and three times by the U.S. Justice Department. The investigations all ended with the same conclusion: James Earl Ray killed Martin Luther King. The House committee acknowledged that a low-level conspiracy might have existed, involving one or more accomplices to Ray, but uncovered no evidence to definitively prove this theory. In addition to the mountain of evidence against him–such as his fingerprints on the murder weapon and his admitted presence at the rooming house on April 4–Ray had a definite motive in assassinating King: hatred. According to his family and friends, he was an outspoken racist who informed them of his intent to kill Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He died in 1998.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.693037986755371, "source": "search", "title": "Dr. King is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis . The 1968 Hunt for Martin Luther King's Killer | PBS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.268308162689209, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis | PBS" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "King's widow, Coretta Scott King, and dozens of national figures lead a peaceful memorial march through downtown Memphis in tribute to Dr. King and in support of the sanitation workers' strike for which King had originally been in Memphis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.818965911865234, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis | PBS" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Two days later, in an interview for Look magazine, Ray alleges that a fellow con man named Raoul was the perpetrator and actual assassin of Dr. King, and Ray argues he was simply the getaway driver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.819488525390625, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis | PBS" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Lloyd Jowers, the owner of Jim's Grill that overlooks the Lorraine Motel, states that he was part of a conspiracy to kill Dr. King. On ABC's Prime Time Live, Jowers claims mobsters gave him $100,000 to plan King's assassination, and that someone other than Ray fired the shot that killed the civil rights leader. A subsequent investigation ruled that Jower's claims had no merit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.07573413848877, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis | PBS" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "The King family still believes that Ray did not act alone, and sues Lloyd Jowers for the wrongful death of Martin Luther King, Dr. Coretta Scott King testifies in the trial, and the lawsuit ends with a $100 claim paid toward the King family in damages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96399974822998, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Roads to Memphis | PBS" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "Findings on MLK Assassination | National Archives", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530793190002441, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "Findings on MLK Assassination", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467462539672852, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "James Earl Ray knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily pleaded guilty to the first degree murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.005555629730225, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "With Ray's background and the record of his arrest, trial, conviction, and sentence as background, the committee undertook an exhaustive investigation of all available evidence bearing on Ray's involvement in the assassination of Dr. King. It conducted eight extensive interviews with Ray at Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Petros, Tenn., where he is serving the 99-year sentence for the murder of Dr. King.1 The committee also listened to 3 days of testimony by Ray in public session on August 16, 17, and 18, 1978, and it closely examined all known writings, tape recordings, transcripts and interviews made by or about Ray since his April 23, 1967, escape from the Missouri State Penitentiary, Further, the committee interviewed dozens of associates of Ray and hundreds of other witnesses, many of whom testified under oath in executive session or during 20 days of public hearings. Thousands of Government documents were scrutinized, particularly files of the Memphis Police Department and the FBI.2 Records from other agencies, such as the Department of State and the Central Intelligence Agency, were also reviewed. Scientific evidence was thoroughly analyzed by experts in such areas as firearms, forensic pathology and engineering.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.975732803344727, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "1Ray's interviews with the committee were published as appendices to the committee hearings. See Appendix to the Hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d Session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), vol. IX-XI (hereinafter-- Appendix to the HSCA-- MLK Hearings--).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505367279052734, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "1. Dr. King was killed by one shot fired from in front of him", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.758960723876953, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "In March 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, traveled to Memphis, Tenn., to lead a march in support of striking sanitation workers. The march was disrupted by violence and ended in a riot. Dr. King returned to Memphis on April 3, 1968, in an attempt to demonstrate that a peaceful march could succeed in achieving desired social and economic goals. (1)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.590127468109131, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Dr. King and his party were staying at the Lorraine Motel, a Black owned establishment near the waterfront area of Memphis. Dr. King was sharing room 306 with his associate, Dr. Ralph Abernathy, and it was on a balcony in front of that room, at 6:01 p.m. on April 4, 1968, that Dr. King was struck by a bullet and mortally wounded. (2)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.084980010986328, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Shortly after Dr. King was pronounced dead, his body was taken from St. Joseph Hospital to Gaston Hospital, where an autopsy was performed by Dr. Jerry T. Francisco, the Shelby County medical examiner. He concluded that Dr. King's death was the result of a single \"gunshot wound to the chin and neck with a total transaction of the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord and other structures of the neck.\"3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.260156631469727, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Following the submission of Dr. Francisco's report, questions were raised by critics of the investigation about the thoroughness of the report and the procedures that were followed. These included questions about whether Dr. Francisco properly traced the path of the bullet through Dr. King's body and performed all the normal procedures of a complete autopsy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407055854797363, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "To resolve issues raised by the autopsy, the committee retained a panel of three noted forensic pathologists to review the medical evidence pertaining to the assassination. The panel examined all available relevant evidence, including clothing worn by Dr. King at the time of his death, bullet fragments recovered from his body, photographs, and slides taken during the course of the autopsy and microscopic slides and tissue blocks from the autopsy and neuropathology study. The panel also reviewed the report of the committee's firearms panel, as well as X-rays, medical reports, notes, and documents submitted by physicians who treated Dr. King. (3) The forensic pathology panel traveled to Memphis to view the crime scene and meet with Dr. Francisco and the physicians who treated Dr. King at St. Joseph Hospital. (4)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35256576538086, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "3A detailed discussion of Dr. Francisco's findings and the separate conclusions of the committee's forensic pathology panel are contained in XIII appendix to the HSCA-MLK hearings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.556121826171875, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The panel concluded, nevertheless, that the autopsy findings were generally accurate. Dr. Baden testified that Dr. King died as a result of a single gunshot wound caused by a bullet that entered the right side of the face approximately an inch to the right and a half inch below the mouth.(7) The bullet fractured Dr. King's jaw, exited the lower part of the face and reentered the body in the neck area. (8) It then severed numerous vital arteries and fractured the spine in several places, causing severe damage to the spinal column and coming to rest on the left side of the back. The bullet traveled in a downward, and rearward from a medial direction. (9)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322039604187012, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The panel found that the wounds to Dr. King were caused by the bullet recovered from his body--a Remington-Peters, soft-point, metal-jacketed bullet fired from a distance by a high-velocity rifle. (10) Based on the examination of the evidence by the forensic pathology panel, the committee concluded that Dr. King died as a result of one shot fired from in front of him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3253755569458, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "2. The shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the rear of a roominghouse at 422 1/2 South Street, Memphis, Tenn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.618595123291016, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "An important issue has always been the location of the assassin at the time the shot was fired. Unfortunately, precise directional and trajectory data could not be obtained in this investigation through forensic pathology for two reasons. One, a dissection of the bullet's path was not performed during the autopsy and could not be done at the time of the committee investigation. Two, it was not possible to determine Dr. King's exact position at the time of the shooting.(11)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270310401916504, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr King", "passage": "From extrinsic evidence, the autopsy panel accepted that at the moment the bullet, entered his body, Dr. King was at the balcony railing talking to someone on the pavement one story below. (12) Accordingly, the panel found that the bullet pathway was consistent with the shot coming from his right and above.(13) The autopsy panel concluded that the single bullet that struck Dr. King must have come from across Mulberry Street, 4 because Dr King's body was facing in that direction and because a bullet coming from that direction would have traveled on a downward slope. The panel concluded, further, that the bullet was probably fired from the area of the roominghouse at 422 1/2 South Main Street, but the panel could not determine, from the medical evidence alone, whether the shot was fired from the bathroom window on the second floor or from the shrubbery below the window. (14) 5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155920028686523, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "4See MLK Exhibits F-19 (crime scene diagram), Hearings before the Select Committee on Assassinations, U.S. House of Representatives, 95th Congress, 2d Session (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979), vol. I, p. 77 (hereinafter HSCA-MLK Hearings).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434310913085938, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Eyewitness testimony indicated that at the moment of the bullet's impact, Dr. King was standing on the motel balcony in front of room 306, conversing with associates in the courtyard below. (16) The engineering survey was based on scientific measurements of the rear of the roominghouse from that position and of the probable posture of Dr. King's body at the instant of impact--that is, with his head forward, looking down into the parking area and with a slight forward bend at the waist.(17) While the consultant was unable to state with certainty the vertical angle of the trajectory,(18) the geometric data was consistent with both the bathroom window at the rear of the roominghouse(19) and shrubbery within the garden area at the rear of 418-422 1/2 South Main Street (20) as possible locations for the assassin. Because the medical and engineering evidence was not conclusive to the precise origin of the shot,(21) the committee used the testimony of witnesses at the scene to determine the most likely origin. Charles Quitman Stephens, a roominghouse tenant who occupied room 6-B maintained in a sworn affidavit given on June 13, 1968, that on two or three occasions during the afternoon of April 4, 1968, he \"heard footsteps leaving room 5-B and going past [his] room and into the common bathroom at the end of the hall.\"6 A second tenant, William Charles Anschutz, told FBI interviewers that during the afternoon of April 4, 1968, he made two attempts to use the bathroom and found it occupied on each occasion. He recalled that Stephens told him, through the door of room 6-B, that the bathroom was being used by the new tenant in 5-B.(22) This information became significant in light of the uncontroverted evidence that Ray did, in fact, rent room 5-B on the afternoon of April 4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.756904602050781, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Witnesses in the vicinity of the Lorraine, including several officials of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) who were awaiting Dr. King for dinner, pointed in the direction of the rear of the roominghouse when asked by a Memphis police officer about the direction of the shot. 7", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.066494941711426, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Marrell McCullough, an undercover Memphis police officer, was one the first people to reach Dr. King's body. He testified in a committee public hearing that, based on his police training and experience, he determined from the position of the fallen body that the shot had come from the area of the roominghouse. (26) Others in the courtyard, including Ben Branch and Jesse Jackson, also believed that the shot had come from the direction of the roominghouse. (27)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.129671096801758, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Solomon Jones, who was serving as Dr. King's driver and who was in the courtyard of the Lorraine at the time of the shot, told the committee in a sworn statement that he saw a movement of something white and \"as tall as a human being\" in the brush beneath the roominghouse after Dr. King was shot. (28) There had been speculation that Jones observed, in fact, the hasty retreat of an assassin Jones told the committee, however, that he saw the object for only a brief time. He did not see a head or arms; he could not tell whether the object was Black or white male or female; and lie assumed the object was a human being simply because he could think of no other explanation.(29)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.651507377624512, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "7See MLK Exhibit F-454, VI HSCA-MLK Hearings, 420 (a photograph of several SCLC members pointing toward the roominghouse from the balcony of the Lorraine immediately following Dr. King's assassination).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513172149658203, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Although the scientific evidence did not independently establish the location of the assassin, when it was combined with witness testimony, it pointed strongly to the rear of the roominghouse. In light of the mutually corroborated testimony of Stephens and Anschutz, and the absence of significant evidence of an alternative firing location, the committee found that the shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the rear of the roominghouse at 422 1/2 South Main Street.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.247200012207031, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "9While room 5-B offered a view of the Lorraine Motel, it did not provide a steady, comfortable firing position, since a shooter would have to lean out the window to aim at the motel. The window of the bathroom at the end of the hall, fronting on the rear of the Lorraine, did not present this problem. See MLK exhibits F019 (crime scene), I HSCA-MLK hearings, 77; F-20 (Bessie Brewer's roominghouse; second floor), I HSCA-MLK hearings, 79.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449495315551758, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee retained a panel of five of the foremost firearms examiners in the United States to review the ballistics evidence.10 A total of 257 man-hours were consumed by the firearms examination, which consisted of 81 comparisons of Q64, the bullet taken from Dr. King's body, with test-fired bullets, as well as exhaustive microscopic, visual, and chemical analyses. Despite this effort, the panel was", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335007667541504, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "10Aside from the obvious importance of an accurate analysis of the firearms evidence, the committee noted that the firearms examination in the original FBI investigation was inconclusive. The FBI found it was \"...not possible to determine whether or not Q64 [the bullet removed from Dr. King's body] was actually fired from the Q2 rifle.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.503790855407715, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The damage to Dr. King's clothing, when tested microscopically and chemically, revealed the presence of lead from a disintegrating bullet and also revealed the absence of nitrites (the presence of nitrites would have indicated a close-range discharge).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.492112159729004, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "While the firearms panel could not say conclusively that the rifle found in front of Canipe's, one with Ray's fingerprints on the stock and scope, fired the fatal shot, it did conclude that it was possible for the shot to have been fired from that rifle. When the panel's conclusions were combined with Ray's admissions, fingerprint evidence, and the testimony of other witnesses, there was ample evidence for the committee to conclude that Ray had purchased the .30-06 rifle, transported it to Memphis, shot Dr. King and dropped the murder weapon in front of Canipe's Amusement Co. while fleeing from the scene of the crime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.409111976623535, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "4. It is highly probable that James Earl Ray stalked Dr. King for a period immediately preceding the assassination", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.615548610687256, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee considered allegations that Ray stalked Dr. King for a period of time preceding the assassination, and it developed evidence indicating a high probability that Ray did, in fact, pursue Dr. King from Los Angeles to Atlanta and ultimately to the Lorraine Motel in Memphis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.478389739990234, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "In all likelihood, the stalking began about March 17, 1968, the day that Ray left Los Angeles and drove eastward. Ray's decision to leave California was not impulsive. In discussions with his acquaintances from a bartending school earlier in March 1968, he had mentioned his plans to travel east on two separate occasions. (52) Moreover, Ray submitted a postal change of address card12 with a forwarding address of Atlanta, Ga., Dr. King's home city, before leaving Los Angeles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.758118629455566, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "11It is a common misunderstanding that bullets can always be matched to guns. In fact, it is not always possible to match bullets to guns, and no significance should be attached to the failure. Indeed, the panel determined that the individual bullets that it fired from the Q2 rifle could not always be matched scientifically with the weapon, since the rifle apparently engraves inconsistent characteristics on the successive rounds. See MLK firearms panel report, XIII HSCA-MLK hearings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.413220405578613, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "12See MLK exhibit F-52 (postal change of address card), II HSCA-MLK hearings, 50-51.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.575261116027832, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "against me.\" (53) Similarly, in his public hearing testimony, Ray emphatically denied filing a change of address in Los Angeles, although he did acknowledge the possibility that he mentioned Atlanta during a telephone conversation with an associate of Raoul. (54) When the committee confronted Ray with the change of address card that he had filed in Los Angeles on March 17, indicating a temporary change of address to General Delivery, Atlanta, until April 25, Ray admitted the card was his and that he must have filed it before his departure from Los Angeles. (55) Ray could not explain his statement to Rather that an intent to go to Atlanta was damaging. (56) Since Atlanta was the national headquarters of the SCLC as well as Dr. King's home, the committee found Ray's anticipated travel to that city as the first significant indication of his interest in tracking the activities of Dr. King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.766735076904297, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Ray's probable stalking of Dr. King continued with his trip to Selma, Ala., following his departure from Los Angeles. Dr. King was in the Selma area on March 21. Ray admitted being in Selma on March 22 (a motel registration card for his Galt alias confirms his stay there),13 but his explanation for being there was not convincing. He claimed that while driving from New Orleans to Birmingham, allegedly to met Raoul, he got lost and and had to spend the night in Selma. (57) The committee noted, however, that in 1968 there were two direct routes from New Orleans to Birmingham, and that Selma was on neither of them. It was situated in between the two routes, about 45 miles out of the way. The committee further determined that it would be difficult for Ray to have become lost between New Orleans and Birmingham.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.374438285827637, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee found Ray's activities following the purchase of the rifle relevant to the stalking theory. On March 28, the day after violence cut short a Memphis march led by Dr. King. Ray purchased a .243 caliber rifle in Birmingham.(58) On March 30, he exchanged it for a .30-06 Remington, (59) the rifle the committee concluded he used to assassinate Dr. King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.417263507843018, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "13See MLK exhibit F-53 (Flamingo Motel registration card), II HSCA-MLK hearings, 55.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498744010925293, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee observed that while Ray was in Atlanta on April 1, both the Atlanta Constitution and the Atlanta Journal published stories about the volatile situation in Memphis and Dr. King's intention to return to the troubled city. (69) The committee believed that after learning from news accounts of Dr. King's intention to return to Memphis, Ray left, Atlanta and headed for Memphis himself. After arriving in Memphis on April 3, Ray checked into the New Rebel Motel, on the outskirts of the city.(70) The next day he moved to a roominghouse adjacent to the Lorraine Motel. (71)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.647881031036377, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "With information that Dr. King was staying at the Lorraine available to Ray, the transfer from the New Rebel Motel to Bessie Brewer's roominghouse takes on special significance. The rear of the roominghouse faces the Lorraine offering an ideal vantage point for one who was stalking Dr. King and waiting for an opportunity to assassinate him. (75)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018022537231445, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The manner in which Ray selected his room at Bessie Brewer's roominghouse provided additional evidence of his intent to monitor Dr. King's movements. Room 8, the first room Ray was shown, was located toward the front (South Main Street) side of the building. It was across the hall from the office where Ray had approached Mrs. Brewer. It offered neither privacy nor the possibility of a view of the Lorraine Motel located to the rear of the building.15 Ray rejected the room, telling Mrs. Brewer he wanted only a sleeping room and not an apartment. (77)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.877209663391113, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "15See MLK Exhibit F-20 (diagram, second floor, Bessie Brewer's roominghouse), I HSCA-MLK hearings, 79.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.535757064819336, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "By his own account, Ray proceeded to drive south toward New Orleans, planning to telephone Raoul's associates in that city to see whether they could explain what had happened at the roominghouse. Ray asserted that, up to this time, he was unaware of Dr. King's assassination in Memphis. (84)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.386279106140137, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "STAFF COUNSEL. ...[W]hen you first heard the bulletin that Dr. King had been shot did you in your mind then realize that this had nothing to do with you or Raoul?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269403457641602, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "16Ray acknowledged in public hearings that he purchased a 1966 white Mustang in Birmingham in August 1967 and that he drove the Mustang to the vicinity of the Brewer roominghouse in Memphis on the day of the assassination. See I HSCA-MLK hearings, 101.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.044116020202637, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "STAFF COUNSEL. Well, that's what I'm trying to pinpoint-- when you started to think Raoul may be involved in the shooting of Dr. King, what was it you were thinking of? It can't be the broadcast about the car, it's got to be some other things, and what were they?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232672691345215, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Second, Ray testified in public hearings that he was unaware of Dr. King's presence at the Lorraine Motel. (90) Further, the radio", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.386844635009766, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "broadcasts apparently made no mention of the Lorraine, Bessie Brewer's roominghouse or the addresses of either. There was no reason, therefore, to associate the police activity at the roominghouse with the reports of an assassination attempt on Dr. King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.493529319763184, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Third, Raoul had never exhibited overt racial animosity or mentioned the possibility of shooting Dr. King during their extended period of criminal association. (91) There was no reason, therefore, to associate Raoul with the reported attempt on Dr. King's life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.981240272521973, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee found no evidence to support the first explanation. Some evidence indicated that Ray had photographed Dr. King while in Atlanta,18 raising the possibility that he had left photographs in the city. This possibility was perhaps corroborated by Ray's admission that he threw out his camera equipment during the drive from Memphis. Ultimately, however, the committee was unable to develop concrete evidence supporting this explanation for Ray's return to Atlanta. Nevertheless, the committee found Ray's conduct following the assassination, and his inadequate explanation for that conduct, to be significant additional evidence of his involvement in the assassination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.847222805023193, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Ray, however, asserted an alibi defense. He told the committee that he was not at the roominghouse at the moment Dr. King was murdered, but was, in fact, blocks away at a service station, attempting to get a flat tire fixed. It was upon his return from the service station to the roominghouse that he ran into the police roadblock that precipitated his flight from Memphis. (92)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.931085109710693, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "19Lane's account of Ray's gas station alibi appears in a paperback edition of \"Code Name 'Zorro.'\" See MLK Exhibit F-117, III HSCA-MLK Hearings, 518.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.050692558288574, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "A character named Raoul had been the cornerstone of Ray's defense. It was Raoul who, according to Ray, directed him at every incriminating stage prior to the murder of Dr. King, from the purchase of the murder weapon in Birmingham, Ala. (ostensibly a sample to show prospective buyers in a gun-running scheme) to the rental of a room in Bessie Brewer's roominghouse (where the gun-running deal was to be negotiated). At Raoul's direction, Ray traveled to Memphis and purchased binoculars shortly before the assassination. Without Raoul, therefore, Ray would be left with no explanation for his highly incriminatory behavior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.539987564086914, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee determined that much of Ray's Raoul story was flawed. Ray was unable to produce witnesses who saw him and Raoul together at any time in their 9 months of association, and he had no explanation for the absence of Raoul's fingerprints on the murder weapon. Moreover, while Ray told the story of Raoul countless times over the years to lawyers, journalists, and congressional investigators, he was inconsistent on details as important as Raoul's physical description. Even in Ray's sworn testimony before the committee, his answers to questions about Raoul were vague, incongruous, and evasive. Ultimately, the committee gave no credence to Ray's story of Raoul. Ray's resulting inability to explain his inculpatory behavior must stand as one of the strongest indications of his involvement in the assassination of Dr. King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.610027313232422, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Thus, there had been claims that a witness who could identify Dr. King's assassin as someone other than Ray was silenced in an effort by the Government to convict Ray and conceal the identity of the true assassin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.999615669250488, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Thus, by April 25, 1968, Walden had said on numerous occasions that she did not see the man who exited the bathroom following the shot that killed Dr. King. In addition, a careful review by the committee of journalistic coverage of the assassination revealed numerous references to statements by Stephens and Anschutz, while there was no mention of any account by Walden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.612963676452637, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee concluded that Grace Walden's testimony would be of little or no value, and her statements to the effect that James Earl Ray was not the assassin of Dr. King were unworthy of belief.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9966328144073486, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "22A more detailed analysis of the guilty plea appears as part of an appendix to the public hearings. See staff report, \"An Analysis of the Guilty Pleas Entered by James Earl Ray; Criminal Court of Shelby County, Tenn., Mar. 10, 1969,\" XIII appendix to the HSCA-MLK hearings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.961040019989014, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "nation of Dr. King and voluntarily and understandingly entered his guilty plea:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423418045043945, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Mlk", "passage": "23A complete transcript of the guilty plea proceedings appears as MLK Exhibit F-80, III HSCA-MLK hearings, 52", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549969673156738, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "Initially in conjunction with Arthur Hanes, Sr., Ray's first attorney, and then with Percy Foreman, Hanes' successor, Ray entered into contracts with William Bradford Huie for the literary rights to Ray's version of the assassination of Dr. King. Ray subsequently maintained that he signed these contracts only at the insistence of his attorneys. (201) The committee interviewed all parties to the contracts and reviewed information from the papers filed in Federal court in Ray v. Foreman24 and Ray v. Rose.25", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.881044387817383, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "A review by the committee of the sworn testimony given in Ray v. Foreman and Ray v. Rose indicated that Ray was an intelligent party to the literary contracts. In an interview with the committee, Hanes said the original and primary reason for entering into the contracts was to assure enough money to finance Ray's defense. (205) Ray maintained that Foreman was initially critical of the Hanes contract, and he then broke his word to him by entering into a similar literary contract with Huie. (206) Foreman, on the other hand, contended that he entered into the contract with Huie at Ray's request to secure funds to finance the defense. (207) When questioned about the arguably unconscionable nature of his fee arrangement with Ray, Foreman said that he took an assignment of all Ray's interest in the literary contract, at Ray's behest, and held it in trust to protect Ray from attachment, should Dr. King's widow successfully mount a civil suit against him for the wrongful death of her husband. (208) After examining Foreman's contracts with Ray, the committee rejected Foreman's contention that he intended simply to hold Ray's proceeds in trust. The contracts indicated an unconditional transfer of Ray's interest in the literary proceeds to the trust. Nevertheless, Foreman testified that he saw nothing wrong with the contract or with his fee of $165,000 plus expenses. (209)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.894949913024902, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Foreman maintained that from the time he entered the case until the March 10, 1969, guilty plea, he devoted 80 to 90 percent of his time to Ray's defense. (217) He estimated that he spent between 30 and 75 hours in interviews with Ray. (218) He also said that he used eight senior law students from Memphis State University as investigators.(219) Foreman, however, was vague about the duties of these students, (220) as well as other aspects of his investigation. He apparently did speak to Huie, Attorney Arthur Hanes, Sr, Hanes' investigator Renfro Hayes, and some potential witnesses. (221) After a full review, however, the committee concluded that Foreman did not conduct a thorough and independent investigation into the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, on behalf of Ray. Foreman was unable to provide a list of witnesses he interviewed, (222) but the committee was able to conclude that many potential witnesses were never interviewed by Foreman or his associates. Stanton did not complete a canvass of witnesses by the time of the guilty plea,(223) and Foreman's student investigators apparently never conducted a single interview. (224) In fact, one of the student investigators interviewed by the committee indicated that the students never did any investigating for Foreman. (225)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.772884845733643, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Dr. King", "passage": "The committee believed, therefore, that Ray's plea was knowing, intelligent and voluntary and that constitutional requirements were satisfied. The committee further concluded that the plea was a significant indication of Ray's guilt in the assassination of Dr. King.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.825654029846191, "source": "search", "title": "Findings on MLK Assassination" }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.478646278381348, "source": "search", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36012077331543, "source": "search", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36012077331543, "source": "search", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36012077331543, "source": "search", "title": "Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated - Apr 04, 1968 ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "New footage found of Martin Luther King’s assassin – Channel 4 News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.304414749145508, "source": "search", "title": "New footage found of Martin Luther King's assassin ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "New footage found of Martin Luther King’s assassin", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146153450012207, "source": "search", "title": "New footage found of Martin Luther King's assassin ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "I hope Martin Luther King, my daddy, did not die in vain. Bernice King", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234569549560547, "source": "search", "title": "New footage found of Martin Luther King's assassin ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Ray, a segregationist, confessed to the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, but recanted shortly afterwards, and for years tried to get a new trial. He died in prison in 1998 while serving a 99-year sentence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.954743385314941, "source": "search", "title": "New footage found of Martin Luther King's assassin ..." }, { "answer": "Martin Luther King", "passage": "Honouring his memory on the 45th anniversary of his assassination yesterday, Mr King’s daughter Bernice said: “I hope Martin Luther King, my daddy, did not die in vain, We must repent and change our direction and minds.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.151997566223145, "source": "search", "title": "New footage found of Martin Luther King's assassin ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "Those awarded the Nobel Peace Prize were: Ralph Bunche, Albert John Lutheli, Martin Luther King Jr., Anwar El Sadat, Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, Kofi Annan, Wangari Maathi, Barack Obama, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and Leymah Gbowee. Those Awarded with the Nobel Prize in Literature were: Wole Soyinka, Derek Walcott, and Toni Morrison. The only black person who as ever received a Nobel Prize in Economics is, as mentioned earlier, Sir William Arthur Lewis. No black man or woman has ever received a Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, or medicine.", "precise_score": 8.086527824401855, "rough_score": 5.826358795166016, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of black Nobel laureates" }, { "answer": "Ralph J. Bunche", "passage": "Dr. Ralph J. Bunche (pictured) achieved a few firsts as an African American, but none may be more more notable than the political scientist and academic winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950. Becoming the first Black person to win the coveted award, Dr. Bunche maintained a dignified stance despite the rampant segregation he and others like him faced.", "precise_score": 10.19089412689209, "rough_score": 8.387210845947266, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "Blacks have been the recipients in three of six award categories: eleven in Peace, three in Literature, and one in Economics. The first black recipient, Ralph Bunche, was awarded the Peace Prize in 1950. The most recent, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were awarded their Peace prizes in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7028815746307373, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of black Nobel laureates" }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "1. Ralph Bunche", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.220012664794922, "source": "search", "title": "Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One" }, { "answer": "Ralph Johnson Bunche", "passage": "Ralph Johnson Bunche was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine. He was the first person of color to be so honored in the history of the Prize.[6] He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations and in 1963, received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy. [WIKIPEDIA]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.345004558563232, "source": "search", "title": "Black Nobel Prize Winners [List] | News One" }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "Regional crises represented nothing new in the Cold War. The Nobel Committee had previously awarded prizes to those who had worked to solve such crises, whether this be the crucial Franco-German conflict or the war between Paraguay and Bolivia. With the Cold War and the end of Western colonial rule over large parts of the world, such crises took on added prominence, also for the Nobel Committee. The situation in the Middle East was particularly difficult. In 1950 Ralph Bunche and in 1957 Lester Pearson had received the Peace Prize for their efforts there. In 1978, Egyptian President Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin were honored for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel. This agreement too, proved controversial. Only Begin came to Oslo to receive the award. A technicality prevented the American president, Jimmy Carter, from being the third Laureate; the committee actually wanted to include him, but he had not been nominated when the deadline expired on February 1 of that year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.512062072753906, "source": "search", "title": "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000" }, { "answer": "Ralph J. Bunche", "passage": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day In 1950 | News One", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.802951335906982, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph Johnson Bunche", "passage": "Born Ralph Johnson Bunche on August 7, 1903, or 1904 in Detroit, his early life involved some shuffling around before settling with his family in New Mexico. As a young boy, he lost his mother and brother, which led to he and his sister relocating to Los Angeles to live with his grandmother, Lucy Taylor Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210400581359863, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph J. Bunche", "passage": "Learn more about Dr. Ralph J. Bunche here .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350768089294434, "source": "search", "title": "Ralph J. Bunche 1st Black To Win Nobel Prize On This Day ..." }, { "answer": "Ralph Bunche", "passage": "*On this date in 1950, Ralph Bunche received the Nobel Prize. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his successful mediation of a series of armistice agreements between the (then) new nation of Israel and four Arab neighbors, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.18961931765079498, "source": "search", "title": "First Black receives Nobel Peace Prize | African American ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Eventually, the first artificial nuclear reactor, Chicago Pile-1, was constructed at the University of Chicago, by a team led by Enrico Fermi, in late 1942. By this time, the program had been pressured for a year by U.S. entry into the war. The Chicago Pile achieved criticality on 2 December 1942 at 3:25 PM. The reactor support structure was made of wood, which supported a pile (hence the name) of graphite blocks, embedded in which was natural uranium-oxide 'pseudospheres' or 'briquettes'.", "precise_score": 9.381831169128418, "rough_score": 9.754457473754883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nuclear reactor" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Soon after the Chicago Pile, the U.S. military developed a number of nuclear reactors for the Manhattan Project starting in 1943. The primary purpose for the largest reactors (located at the Hanford Site in Washington state), was the mass production of plutonium for nuclear weapons. Fermi and Szilard applied for a patent on reactors on 19 December 1944. Its issuance was delayed for 10 years because of wartime secrecy. ", "precise_score": 4.630840301513672, "rough_score": 5.078346252441406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nuclear reactor" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian physicist, who created the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1. He has been called the \"architect of the nuclear age\" and the \"architect of the atomic bomb\". He was one of the few physicists to excel both theoretically and experimentally. Fermi held several patents related to the use of nuclear power, and was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranic elements. He made significant contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics.", "precise_score": 8.819605827331543, "rough_score": 9.895759582519531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi left Italy in 1938 to escape new Italian Racial Laws that affected his Jewish wife Laura Capon. He emigrated to the United States where he worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. Fermi led the team that designed and built Chicago Pile-1, which went critical on 2 December 1942, demonstrating the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. He was on hand when the X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, went critical in 1943, and when the B Reactor at the Hanford Site did so the next year. At Los Alamos he headed F Division, part of which worked on Edward Teller's thermonuclear \"Super\" bomb. He was present at the Trinity test on 16 July 1945, where he used his Fermi method to estimate the bomb's yield.", "precise_score": 6.824838638305664, "rough_score": 6.133050918579102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The possible results of a self-sustaining nuclear reaction were unknown, so it seemed inadvisable to build the first nuclear reactor on the U. of C. campus in the middle of the city. Compton found a location in Argonne Woods Forest Preserve, about 20 miles from Chicago. Stone & Webster was contracted to develop the site, but the work was halted by an industrial dispute. Fermi then persuaded Compton that he could build the reactor in the squash court under the stands of the U of C's Stagg Field. Construction of the pile began on 6 November 1942, and Chicago Pile-1 went critical on 2 December. The shape of the pile was intended to be roughly spherical, but as work proceeded Fermi calculated that criticality could be achieved without finishing the entire pile as planned. ", "precise_score": 7.72178316116333, "rough_score": 6.389753341674805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first nuclear reactor to achieve criticality. Its construction was part of the Manhattan Project, the Allied effort to create atomic bombs during World War II. It was built by the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago, under the west viewing stands of the original Stagg Field. The first man-made self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was initiated in CP-1 on 2 December 1942, under the supervision of Enrico Fermi, who described the apparatus as \"a crude pile of black bricks and wooden timbers\".", "precise_score": 8.381519317626953, "rough_score": 9.176528930664062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Chicago Pile 1 was the world's first nuclear reactor, built in 1942 by Nobel Prize winner Enrico Fermi. The reactor was built underneath the University of Chicago's Stagg Field football stadium. On Dec. 2, 1942, Enrico Fermi and 48 of his colleagues succeed in achieving in this reactor the world’s first man-made controlled nuclear chain reaction, thereby establishing the ability of mankind to control the release of nuclear energy. He and other scientists from that group later founded Argonne National Laboratory.", "precise_score": 10.521858215332031, "rough_score": 10.339990615844727, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Chicago Pile 3 was the world's first \"heavy-water moderated\" reactor. It was designed by Eugene Wigner; at Enrico Fermi's request, Walter Zinn directed its construction in the Argonne Forest in 1943. Chicago Pile 3 achieved criticality in 1944.", "precise_score": 7.511258602142334, "rough_score": 8.332071304321289, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi moved to the University of Chicago to be in charge of the first major step in making feasible the building of the atomic bomb. In the squash courts under the west stand of the University's Stagg Field, Fermi supervised the design and assembly of an \"atomic pile\", a code word for an assembly that in peacetime would be known as a \"nuclear reactor\". Today, a plaque at the site reads: \"On December 2, 1942, man achieved here the first self-sustaining chain reaction and thereby initiated the controlled release of nuclear energy.\"", "precise_score": 7.662912368774414, "rough_score": 6.077430248260498, "source": "search", "title": "Enrico Fermi and the First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Chain ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In 1942, Fermi relocated to the Chicago Met Lab, where he built an experimental reactor pile under Stagg Field at the University of Chicago. Construction was completed on December 1 and the reactor went critical the next day. In August 1944, Fermi went to Los Alamos as an associate director and key consultant. ", "precise_score": 7.848681449890137, "rough_score": 6.352551460266113, "source": "search", "title": "Enrico Fermi | Atomic Heritage Foundation" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In 1942, after President Roosevelt had ordered that an atomic weapon be made, Fermi and his team at the University of Chicago were responsible for building the first nuclear reactor. A nuclear reactor is the machine which makes plutonium, the most important ingredient of an atomic weapon. When Fermi proved that his small nuclear reactor would work, President Roosevelt ordered that much larger reactors would be built at what is now the Hanford Site. ", "precise_score": 8.51639461517334, "rough_score": 7.0618743896484375, "source": "search", "title": "Enrico Fermi - Hanford Site" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi, as the person who designed the first reactor at the University of Chicago, was also very important in building Hanford’s nuclear reactors. As a matter of fact, he was so important, that he had a bodyguard assigned to protect him at all times! Just to be on the safe side, Fermi was even given a different name, called an alias, so that people wouldn’t know who he really was. At Hanford, Fermi was known to most people as Mr. Farmer, not Enrico Fermi!", "precise_score": 7.41967248916626, "rough_score": 8.394242286682129, "source": "search", "title": "Enrico Fermi - Hanford Site" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "\"World's first nuclear power plant\" is the claim made by signs at the site of the EBR-I, which is now a museum near Arco, Idaho. Originally called \"Chicago Pile-4\", it was carried out under the direction of Walter Zinn for Argonne National Laboratory. This experimental LMFBR operated by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission produced 0.8 kW in a test on 20 December 1951 and 100 kW (electrical) the following day, having a design output of 200 kW (electrical).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8373281955718994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Nuclear reactor" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The S-1 Committee next met on 18 December 1941, with the U.S. now engaged in World War II, making its work urgent. Most of the effort sponsored by the Committee had been directed at producing enriched uranium, but Committee member Arthur Compton determined that a feasible alternative was plutonium, which could be mass-produced in nuclear reactors by the end of 1944. He decided to concentrate the plutonium work at the University of Chicago. Fermi reluctantly moved, and his team became part of the new Metallurgical Laboratory there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.151365756988525, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "To continue the research where it would not pose a public health hazard, the reactor was disassembled and moved to the Argonne Woods site. There Fermi directed experiments on nuclear reactions, revelling in the opportunities provided by the reactor's abundant production of free neutrons. The laboratory soon branched out from physics and engineering into using the reactor for biological and medical research. Initially, Argonne was run by Fermi as part of the University of Chicago, but it became a separate entity with Fermi as its director in May 1944.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.2066330909729, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi became the Charles H. Swift Distinguished Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago on 1 July 1945, although he did not depart the Los Alamos Laboratory with his family until 31 December 1945. He was elected a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1945. The Metallurgical Laboratory became the Argonne National Laboratory on 1 July 1946, the first of the national laboratories established by the Manhattan Project. The short distance between Chicago and Argonne allowed Fermi to work at both places. At Argonne he continued experimental physics, investigating neutron scattering with Leona Marshall. He also discussed theoretical physics with Maria Mayer, helping her develop insights into spin–orbit coupling that would lead to her receiving the Nobel Prize.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9770679473876953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In his later years, Fermi continued teaching at the University of Chicago. His PhD students in the post-war period included Owen Chamberlain, Geoffrey Chew, Jerome Friedman, Marvin Goldberger, Tsung-Dao Lee, Arthur Rosenfeld and Sam Treiman. Jack Steinberger was a graduate student. Fermi conducted important research in particle physics, especially related to pions and muons. He made the first predictions of pion-nucleon resonance, relying on statistical methods, since he reasoned that exact answers were not required when the theory was wrong anyway. In a paper co-authored with Chen Ning Yang, he speculated that pions might actually be composite particles. The idea was elaborated by Shoichi Sakata. It has since been supplanted by the quark model, in which the pion is made up of quarks, which completed Fermi's model, and vindicated his approach.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.914809226989746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi died at age 53 of stomach cancer in his home in Chicago, and was interred at Oak Woods Cemetery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.855402946472168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi was known as an inspiring teacher, and was noted for his attention to detail, simplicity, and careful preparation of his lectures. Later, his lecture notes were transcribed into books. His papers and notebooks are today in the University of Chicago. Victor Weisskopf noted how Fermi \"always managed to find the simplest and most direct approach, with the minimum of complication and sophistication.\" Fermi's ability and success stemmed as much from his appraisal of the art of the possible, as from his innate skill and intelligence. He disliked complicated theories, and while he had great mathematical ability, he would never use it when the job could be done much more simply. He was famous for getting quick and accurate answers to problems that would stump other people. Later on, his method of getting approximate and quick answers through back-of-the-envelope calculations became informally known as the \"Fermi method\", and is widely taught.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.01018238067627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In 1943, CP-1 was moved to Red Gate Woods, and reconfigured to become Chicago Pile-2 (CP-2). There, it was operated until 1954, when it was dismantled and buried. The stands at Stagg Field were demolished in August 1957, but the site is now a National Historic Landmark and a Chicago Landmark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.985248565673828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In April 1941, the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), created a special project headed by physicist, Arthur Compton, a Nobel-Prize-winning professor at the University of Chicago, to report on the uranium program. Compton's report, submitted in May 1941, foresaw the prospects of developing radiological weapons, nuclear propulsion for ships, and nuclear weapons using uranium-235 or the recently discovered plutonium. In October he wrote another report on the practicality of an atomic bomb. For this report, he worked with Fermi on calculations of the critical mass of uranium-235. He also discussed the prospects for uranium enrichment with Harold Urey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.056232452392578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Compton felt that having teams at Columbia University, Princeton University, the University of Chicago and the University of California was creating too much duplication and not enough collaboration, and he resolved to concentrate the work in one location. Nobody wanted to move, and everybody argued in favor of their own location. In January 1942, soon after the United States entered World War II, Compton decided on his own location, the University of Chicago, where he knew he had the unstinting support of university administration. Other factors in the decision were that scientists, technicians and facilities were more readily available in the Midwest, where war work had not yet taken them away, and Chicago's central location. In contrast, Columbia University was engaged in uranium enrichment efforts under Harold Urey and John Dunning, and was hesitant to add a third secret project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201606750488281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Before leaving for Chicago, Fermi's team made one last attempt to build a working pile at Columbia. Since the cans had absorbed neutrons, they were dispensed with. Instead, the uranium oxide, heated to 480 F to dry it out, was pressed into cylindrical holes 3 in long and 3 in in diameter drilled into the graphite. The entire pile was then canned by soldering sheet metal around it, and the contents heated above the boiling point of water to remove moisture. The result was a k of 0.918.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.217309474945068, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In Chicago, Samuel K. Allison had found a suitable space 60 ft long, 30 ft wide and 26 ft high, sunk slightly below ground level, in a space under the stands at Stagg Field originally built as a rackets court. Stagg Field had been largely unused since the University of Chicago had given up playing American football in 1939, but the rackets courts under West Stands were still used for playing squash and handball. Leona Woods and Anthony L. Turkevich played squash there in 1940. Being intended for strenuous exercise, the area was unheated. The nearby North Stands had a pair of ice skating rinks on the ground floor, which although unrefrigerated, seldom melted in winter. Allison used the rackets court area to construct a 7 ft experimental pile before Fermi's group arrived in 1942.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.668838500976562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi designed a new pile, which would be spherical to maximize k, which was predicted to be around 1.04, thereby achieving criticality. Leona Woods completed her doctoral thesis and then was detailed to build boron trifluoride neutron detectors. She also helped Anderson locate the large number of 4 by timbers required at lumber yards in Chicago's south side. Shipments of high-purity graphite arrived, mainly from National Carbon, and high-purity uranium dioxide from Mallinckrodt in St Louis, which was now producing 30 ST a month. Metallic uranium also began arriving in larger quantities, the product of newly developed techniques.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.221619129180908, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "On 25 June, the Army and the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) had selected a site in the Argonne Forest near Chicago for a plutonium pilot plant. This became known as Site A. 1025 acres were leased from Cook County in August, but by September it was apparent that the proposed facilities would be too extensive for the site, and it was decided to build the pilot plant elsewhere. The subcritical piles posed little danger, but Groves felt that it would be prudent to locate a critical pile—a fully functional nuclear reactor—at a more remote site. A building at Argonne to house Fermi's experimental pile was commenced, with its completion scheduled for 20 October. Due to industrial disputes, construction fell behind schedule, and it became clear the materials for Fermi's new pile would be on hand before the new structure was completed. In early November, Fermi came to Compton with a proposal to build the experimental pile under the stands at Stagg Field.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.06268163025379181, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Fermi argued that by using these delayed neutrons, and by carefully controlling the reaction rates as the power is ramped up, a pile can reach criticality at fission rates slightly below that of a chain reaction relying solely on the prompt neutrons from the fission reactions. Since the rate of release of these neutrons depends on fission events taking place some time earlier, there is a delay between any power spikes and the later criticality event. This time gives the operators leeway; if a spike in the prompt neutron flux is seen, they have several minutes before this causes a runaway reaction. If a neutron absorber, or neutron poison, is injected at any time during this period, the reactor will shut down. Compton felt this delay was enough to provide a critical margin of safety, and allowed Fermi to build Chicago Pile-1 at Stagg Field. There was a fear of a catastrophic nuclear meltdown blanketing one of the United States' major urban areas in radioactive fission products.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.949717044830322, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Chicago Pile 1 was encased within a balloon so that the air inside could be replaced by carbon dioxide. Anderson had a dark gray balloon manufactured by Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. A 25 ft cube-shaped balloon was somewhat unusual, but the Manhattan Project's AAA priority rating ensured prompt delivery with no questions asked. A block and tackle was used to haul it into place, with the top secured to the ceiling and three sides to the walls. The remaining side, the one facing the balcony from which Fermi directed the operation, was furled like an awning. A circle was drawn on the floor, and the stacking of graphite blocks began on the morning of 16 November 1942. The first layer placed was made up entirely of graphite blocks, with no uranium. Layers without uranium were alternated with two layers containing uranium, so the uranium was enclosed in graphite. Unlike later reactors, it had no radiation shielding or cooling system, as it was only intended to be operated at very low power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3624420166015625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The next day, 2 December 1942, everybody assembled for the experiment. There were 49 scientists present. Although most of the S-1 Executive Committee was in Chicago, only Crawford Greenewalt was present, at Compton's invitation. Other dignitaries present included Szilard, Wigner and Spedding. Fermi, Compton, Anderson and Zinn gathered around the controls on the balcony, which was originally intended as a viewing platform. Samuel Allison stood ready with a bucket of concentrated cadmium nitride, which he was to throw over the pile in the event of an emergency. The start up began at 09:54. Walter Zinn removed the zip, the emergency control rod, and secured it. Norman Hilberry stood ready with an axe to cut the scram line, which would allow the zip to fall under the influence of gravity. While Leona Woods called out the count from the boron trifluoride detector in a loud voice, George Weil, the only one on the floor, withdrew all but one of the control rods. At 10:37 Fermi ordered Weil to remove all but 13 ft of the last control rod. Weil withdrew it 6 in at a time, with measurements being taken at each step.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.759527206420898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "On 12 December 1942 CP-1's power output was increased to 200 W, enough to power a light bulb; but lacking shielding of any kind, it was a radiation hazard for everyone in the vicinity. Thereafter, testing was continued, but at 0.5 W. Operation was terminated on 28 February 1943, and the pile was dismantled and moved to Site A in the Argonne Forest, now known as Red Gate Woods. There the original materials were used to build Chicago Pile-2 (CP-2). Instead of being spherical, the new reactor was built in a cube-like shape, about 25 ft tall with a base approximately 30 ft square. It was surrounded by concrete walls 5 ft thick that acted as a radiation shield, with overhead protection from 6 in of lead and 50 in of wood. More uranium was used, so it contained 52 ST of uranium and 472 ST of graphite. No cooling system was provided as it only ran at a few kilowatts. CP-2 became operational in March 1943, with a k of 1.055. During the war Zinn allowed CP-2 to be run around the clock, and its design made it easy to conduct experiments. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.496027946472168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "CP-2 was joined by Chicago Pile-3, the first heavy water reactor, which went critical on 15 May 1944.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.403533458709717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Red Gate Woods later became the original site of Argonne National Laboratory, which replaced the Metallurgical Laboratory on 1 July 1946, with Zinn as its first director. CP-2 and CP-3 operated for ten years before they outlived their usefulness, and Zinn ordered them shut down on 15 May 1954. Their remaining usable fuel was transferred to Chicago Pile-5 at the Argonne National Laboratory's new site in DuPage County, and the CP-2 and CP-3 reactors were dismantled in 1955 and 1956. High-level nuclear waste such as fuel and heavy water were shipped to Oak Ridge, Tennessee, for disposal. The rest was encased in concrete and buried in a 40 ft trench in what is now known as the Site A/Plot M Disposal Site. It is marked by a commemorative boulder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.250921249389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "A commemorative plaque was unveiled at Stagg Field on 2 December 1952, the occasion of the tenth anniversary of CP-1 going critical. It read: The plaque was saved when the West Stands were demolished in August 1957. The site of CP-1 was designated as a National Historic Landmark on 18 February 1965. When the National Register of Historic Places was created in 1966, it was immediately added to that as well. The site was also named a Chicago Landmark on 27 October 1971.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192774772644043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Today the site of the old Stagg Field is occupied by the University's Regenstein Library, which was opened in 1970, and the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, which was opened in 2011. A Henry Moore sculpture, Nuclear Energy, stands in a small quadrangle just outside the Regenstein Library. It was dedicated on 2 December 1967, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of CP-1 going critical. The commemorative plaques from 1952, 1965 and 1967 are nearby. A graphite block from CP-1 can be seen at the Bradbury Science Museum in Los Alamos, New Mexico; another is on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.896880149841309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chicago Pile-1" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "CP-1 (Chicago Pile 1 Reactor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.890069007873535, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "This drawing depicts the historic Dec. 2, 1942, event -- the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. It took place under the abandoned football stands at the University of Chicago. Click on photo to view a larger image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.501827239990234, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Scale model of CP-1 reactor. Courtesy Archival Photographic Files, [apf2-00504], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.996343612670898, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "CP-2 (Chicago Pile 2 Reactor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.629881858825684, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In early 1943, Chicago Pile 1 was dismantled at the University of Chicago, moved to the Argonne Forest section of the Palos Hills Forest Preserve, and renamed Chicago Pile 2. Click on photo to view a larger image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.160284042358398, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In early 1943 Manhattan Engineer District disassembled Chicago Pile 1 and rebuilt it at Palos Park, IL, as Chicago Pile 2. CP-2 had a thermal- power level of 10 kW. The fuel for CP-2 was natural uranium (uranium in which the natural abundance of the isotopes uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238 has not been altered). A small laboratory atop the 14,000-ton reactor provided space for limited experiments using neutrons from the reactor's core. The reactor's face contained ports through which materials could be inserted into the core for irradiation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.040191650390625, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "CP-3 (Chicago Pile 3 Reactor)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.701735496520996, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Chicago Pile-3 reactor. Click on photo to view a larger image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.063014030456543, "source": "search", "title": "Early Exploration - Reactors designed/built by Argonne ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The University of Chicago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385473251342773, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The University of Chicago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465572357177734, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "UChicago physicist", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.411398887634277, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Atomic Age began at 3:25 p.m. on Dec. 2, 1942—quietly, in secrecy, on a squash court under the west stands of old Stagg Field at the University of Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343666076660156, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "That initial chain reaction was too weak to power even a single light bulb. It nevertheless transformed the world, and the University of Chicago along with it, in a range of endeavors spanning physics, chemistry, interdisciplinary research, policy analysis, and nuclear medicine. Even in 1942, those present at the historic event sensed how influential their work would be.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969608306884766, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "“All of us . . . knew that with the advent of the chain reaction, the world would never be the same again,” former UChicago physicist Samuel K. Allison wrote at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290266036987305, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "After the war, UChicago founded the Institute for Nuclear Studies and the Institute for the Study of Metals. Later renamed the Enrico Fermi and the James Franck institutes, they enabled the University to retain much of the intellectual talent that had assembled on campus to work on the Manhattan Project. Another outgrowth of the project was Argonne National Laboratory , which conducts basic and applied research in many major scientific disciplines. Today, Argonne is a partner in the Institute for Molecular Engineering , which is bringing leading scientists and engineers to a groundbreaking initiative to conduct research at the molecular level.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.969184398651123, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Chicago Pile Number One, or CP-1 for short, consisted of 40,000 graphite blocks that enclosed 19,000 pieces of uranium metal and uranium oxide fuel. The scientists of what was then called the Metallurgical Laboratory, or “Met Lab,” had arranged the graphite in layers within a 24-foot-square wooden framework.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280021667480469, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The scientific staff of the Metallurgical Laboratory founded the Atomic Scientists of Chicago on Sept. 26, 1945—just weeks after the United States dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The group published the first issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists of Chicago on Dec. 10, 1945. The Bulletin’s Doomsday Clock still stands as a symbol of humanity’s vulnerability to man-made catastrophe, with an agenda that expanded from nuclear weapons to include climate change and biological weapons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.61959171295166, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Although the University of Chicago already was renowned in physics and chemistry before World War II, scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project helped those departments attain new research prominence following the war. Numerous UChicago scientists who were part of the war effort won Nobel Prizes for scholarly work in the postwar period, including Owen Chamberlain, Eugene P. Wigner, and Glenn Seaborg. Fermi, one of the most important scientists of the 20th century, became an inspiring teacher at UChicago after the war before dying of stomach cancer in 1954. The National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia was renamed in Fermi’s honor in 1974, and became known as Fermilab , the site of numerous fundamental advances in particle physics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3950886726379395, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "UChicago builds for the future", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438300132751465, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "UChicago scientists formally honored the Research Institutes’ legacy in June 2011, when they publicly revealed the contents of the time capsule that Fermi had sealed within the Research Institutes building cornerstone nearly 62 years earlier. In retrospect the cornerstone’s contents, which included booklets on the institutes and a sketch of their building, barely hinted at the accomplishments that would follow. That inspiring legacy survives to this day, said Robert Fefferman, dean of the University’s Physical Sciences Division.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.20502758026123, "source": "search", "title": "How the first chain reaction changed science | The ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In 1944, Fermi became American citizen, and at the end of the war he accepted a professorship at the University of Chicago's Institute for Nuclear Studies, a position which he held until his untimely death. There he turned his attention to high-energy physics, and led investigations into the pion-nucleon interaction. He also served on the Atomic Energy Commission's General Advisory Committee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2543859481811523, "source": "search", "title": "Enrico Fermi | Atomic Heritage Foundation" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Enrico Fermi moved to the University of Chicago to be in charge of the first major step in making feasible the building of the atomic bomb .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.801421165466309, "source": "search", "title": "Biography & Patents of Italian Inventor Enrico Fermi" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Americans increased their effort rapidly and soon outstripped the British. Research continued in each country with some exchange of information. Several of the key British scientists visited the USA early in 1942 and were given full access to all of the information available. The Americans were pursuing three enrichment processes in parallel: Professor Lawrence was studying electromagnetic separation at Berkeley (University of California), E. V. Murphree of Standard Oil was studying the centrifuge method developed by Professor Beams, and Professor Urey was coordinating the gaseous diffusion work at Columbia University. Responsibility for building a reactor to produce fissile plutonium was given to Arthur Compton at the University of Chicago. The British were only examining gaseous diffusion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.540437698364258, "source": "search", "title": "History of Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Construction of production plants for electromagnetic separation (in calutrons) and gaseous diffusion was well under way. An experimental graphite pile constructed by Fermi had operated at the University of Chicago in December 1942 ?the first controlled nuclear chain reaction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6687145233154297, "source": "search", "title": "History of Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Gulf of Mexico () is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the \"Third Coast\" in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts, or sometimes the \"south coast\", in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the \"north coast.\" One of the gulf's seven main areas is the Gulf of Mexico basin.", "precise_score": 0.44061851501464844, "rough_score": -0.627983808517456, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The consensus among geologists who have studied the geology of the Gulf of Mexico, is that prior to the Late Triassic, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist. Before the Late Triassic, the area now occupied by the Gulf of Mexico consisted of dry land, which included continental crust that now underlies Yucatan, within the middle of the large supercontinent of Pangea. This land lay south of a continuous mountain range that extended from north-central Mexico, through the Marathon Uplift in West Texas and the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma, and to Alabama where it linked directly to the Appalachian Mountains. It was created by the collision of continental plates that formed Pangea. As interpreted by Roy Van Arsdale and Randel T. Cox, this mountain range was breached in Late Cretaceous times by the formation of the Mississippi Embayment. ", "precise_score": -4.6841840744018555, "rough_score": -2.045497417449951, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*Gulf of Mexico basin, which contains the Sigsbee Deep and can be further divided into the continental rise, the Sigsbee Abyssal Plain, and the Mississippi Cone.", "precise_score": -6.263059139251709, "rough_score": -1.622507095336914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*Northeast Gulf of Mexico, which extends from a point east of the Mississippi River Delta near Biloxi to the eastern side of Apalachee Bay.", "precise_score": -4.451507568359375, "rough_score": -2.5563981533050537, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Gulf of Mexico's eastern, northern, and northwestern shores lie along the US states of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. The US portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1680 mi, receiving water from 33 major rivers that drain 31 states. The Gulf's southwestern and southern shores lie along the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and the northernmost tip of Quintana Roo. The Mexican portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1,743 miles (2,805 km). On its southeast quadrant the Gulf is bordered by Cuba. It supports major American, Mexican and Cuban fishing industries. The outer margins of the wide continental shelves of Yucatán and Florida receive cooler, nutrient-enriched waters from the deep by a process known as upwelling, which stimulates plankton growth in the euphotic zone. This attracts fish, shrimp, and squid. River drainage and atmospheric fallout from industrial coastal cities also provide nutrients to the coastal zone.", "precise_score": 1.5212383270263672, "rough_score": 3.665480136871338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Gulf Stream, a warm Atlantic Ocean current and one of the strongest ocean currents known, originates in the gulf, as a continuation of the Caribbean Current-Yucatán Current-Loop Current system. Other circulation features include the anticyclonic gyres which are shed by the Loop Current and travel westward where they eventually dissipate, and a permanent cyclonic gyre in the Bay of Campeche. The Bay of Campeche in Mexico constitutes a major arm of the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, the gulf's shoreline is fringed by numerous bays and smaller inlets. A number of rivers empty into the gulf, most notably the Mississippi River and Rio Grande in the northern gulf, and the Grijalva and Usumacinta rivers in the southern gulf. The land that forms the gulf's coast, including many long, narrow barrier islands, is almost uniformly low-lying and is characterized by marshes and swamps as well as stretches of sandy beach.", "precise_score": -3.7848000526428223, "rough_score": -1.2906780242919922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2320 mi to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and ninth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.", "precise_score": -1.6049976348876953, "rough_score": -1.4261263608932495, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Since modern development of the basin began, the Mississippi has also seen its share of pollution and environmental problems – most notably large volumes of agricultural runoff, which has led to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone off the Delta. In recent years, the river has shown a steady shift towards the Atchafalaya River channel in the Delta; a course change would be an economic disaster for the port city of New Orleans.", "precise_score": -6.830679893493652, "rough_score": -5.22799015045166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In addition to historical traditions shown by names, there are at least two other measures of a river's identity, one being the largest branch (by water volume), and the other being the longest branch. Using the largest-branch criterion, the Ohio (not the Middle and Upper Mississippi) would be the main branch of the Lower Mississippi. Using the longest-branch criterion, the Middle Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson-Beaverhead-Red Rock-Hellroaring Creek River would be the main branch. According to either school of thought, the Upper Mississippi from Lake Itasca, Minnesota to St. Louis, despite its name, would only be a secondary tributary of the final river flowing from Cairo, Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico. ", "precise_score": 0.1722620576620102, "rough_score": 2.047250747680664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "While the Missouri River, flowing from the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin Rivers to the Mississippi, is the longest continuously named river in the United States, the serially named river known sequentially as Hellroaring Creek, Red Rock, Beaverhead, Jefferson, Missouri, Middle Mississippi, and Lower Mississippi, as one continuous waterway, is the longest river in North America and the fourth longest river in the world. Its length of at least 3745 mi is exceeded only by the Nile, the Amazon, and perhaps the Yangtze River among the longest rivers in the world. The source of this waterway is at Brower's Spring, 8800 ft above sea level in southwestern Montana, along the Continental Divide outside Yellowstone National Park. ", "precise_score": -3.0872957706451416, "rough_score": -4.910549640655518, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River is called the Lower Mississippi River from its confluence with the Ohio River to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico, a distance of about 1000 mi. At the confluence of the Ohio and the Middle Mississippi, the long-term mean discharge of the Ohio at Cairo, Illinois is 281500 cuft/s, while the long-term mean discharge of the Mississippi at Thebes, Illinois (just upriver from Cairo) is 208200 cuft/s. Thus, by volume, the main branch of the Mississippi River system at Cairo can be considered to be the Ohio River (and the Allegheny River further upstream), rather than the Middle Mississippi.", "precise_score": -6.158236980438232, "rough_score": -5.728754997253418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River has the world's fourth largest drainage basin (\"watershed\" or \"catchment\"). The basin covers more than 1245000 sqmi, including all or parts of 31 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The drainage basin empties into the Gulf of Mexico, part of the Atlantic Ocean. The total catchment of the Mississippi River covers nearly 40% of the landmass of the continental United States. The highest point within the watershed is also the highest point of the Rocky Mountains, Mount Elbert at 14440 ft. ", "precise_score": -3.918729543685913, "rough_score": -3.9523093700408936, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In the United States, the Mississippi River drains the majority of the area between crest of the Rocky Mountains and the crest of the Appalachian Mountains, except for various regions drained to Hudson Bay by the Red River of the North; to the Atlantic Ocean by the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River; and to the Gulf of Mexico by the Rio Grande, the Alabama and Tombigbee rivers, the Chattahoochee and Appalachicola rivers, and various smaller coastal waterways along the Gulf.", "precise_score": -6.276682376861572, "rough_score": -6.438902378082275, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River empties into the Gulf of Mexico about 100 mi downstream from New Orleans. Measurements of the length of the Mississippi from Lake Itasca to the Gulf of Mexico vary somewhat, but the United States Geological Survey's number is 2320 mi. The retention time from Lake Itasca to the Gulf is typically about 90 days. ", "precise_score": -5.5280561447143555, "rough_score": -1.096311092376709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Over geologic time, the Mississippi River has experienced numerous large and small changes to its main course, as well as additions, deletions, and other changes among its numerous tributaries, and the lower Mississippi River has used different pathways as its main channel to the Gulf of Mexico across the delta region.", "precise_score": -8.457067489624023, "rough_score": -6.158720016479492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Through a natural process known as avulsion or delta switching, the lower Mississippi River has shifted its final course to the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico every thousand years or so. This occurs because the deposits of silt and sediment begin to clog its channel, raising the river's level and causing it to eventually find a steeper, more direct route to the Gulf of Mexico. The abandoned distributaries diminish in volume and form what are known as bayous. This process has, over the past 5,000 years, caused the coastline of south Louisiana to advance toward the Gulf from 15 to. The currently active delta lobe is called the Birdfoot Delta, after its shape, or the Balize Delta, after La Balize, Louisiana, the first French settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi.", "precise_score": -5.7976202964782715, "rough_score": -4.047600746154785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "U.S. government scientists determined in the 1950s that the Mississippi River was starting to switch to the Atchafalaya River channel because of its much steeper path to the Gulf of Mexico. Eventually the Atchafalaya River would capture the Mississippi River and become its main channel to the Gulf of Mexico, leaving New Orleans on a side channel. As a result, the U.S. Congress authorized a project called the Old River Control Structure, which has prevented the Mississippi River from leaving its current channel that drains into the Gulf via New Orleans. ", "precise_score": -7.241952419281006, "rough_score": -5.308394908905029, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Failure of the Old River Control Structure, the Morganza Spillway, or nearby levees would likely re-route the main channel of the Mississippi through Louisiana's Atchafalaya Basin and down the Atchafalaya River to reach the Gulf of Mexico south of Morgan City in southern Louisiana. This route provides a more direct path to the Gulf of Mexico than the present Mississippi River channel through Baton Rouge and New Orleans. While the risk of such a diversion is present during any major flood event, such a change has so far been prevented by active human intervention involving the construction, maintenance, and operation of various levees, spillways, and other control structures by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.", "precise_score": -7.2078046798706055, "rough_score": -6.083983421325684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Alabama is a state located in the southeastern United States. It has an area of 52,419 square miles (135,765 sq km) and a 2008 population of 4,4661,900. Its largest cities are Birmingham, Montgomery and Mobile. Alabama is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida to the south and Mississippi to the west. Only a small portion of its coastline is on the Gulf of Mexico ( map ) but it has a busy port located on the Gulf in Mobile. More »", "precise_score": -3.8139469623565674, "rough_score": -2.847400665283203, "source": "search", "title": "Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Louisiana ( map ) is located between the Gulf of Mexico states of Texas and Mississippi and is south of Arkansas . It has an area of 43,562 square miles (112,826 sq km) and a 2005 population estimate (prior to Hurricane Katrina ) of 4,523,628. Louisiana is known for its multicultural population, its culture and events such as Mardi Gras in New Orleans . It is also known for its well established fishing economy and ports on the Gulf of Mexico. More »", "precise_score": -4.466000556945801, "rough_score": -1.9194633960723877, "source": "search", "title": "Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Mississippi ( map ) is a state located in the southeastern United States with an area of 48,430 square miles (125,443 sq km) and a 2008 population of 2,938,618. Its largest cities are Jackson, Gulfport and Biloxi. Mississippi is bordered by Louisiana and Arkansas to the west, Tennesse to the north and Alabama to the east. Most of the state is forested and undeveloped aside from the Mississippi River delta and the Gulf coast area.  Like Alabama, only a small portion of its coastline is on the Gulf of Mexico but the area is popular for tourism. More »", "precise_score": -3.949650764465332, "rough_score": -3.799067974090576, "source": "search", "title": "Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "GULF OF MEXICO. For 624 miles, from the Rio Grande delta to Sabine Pass , the Gulf of Mexico washes the Texas shore. This partially landlocked body of water, an indentation in the southeastern coast of North America, served as an avenue for discovery, exploration, and settlement of the southern and western sectors of what is now the United States as well as Mexico: the initial approach to the mainland continent. It brought the Spanish conquerors to Mexico and Texas, French colonists to Louisiana, and, somewhat later, settlers of numerous other nationalities to the republic and state of Texas. Today, the Gulf serves a vital commerce. It links the ports of five southern states and Mexico with the larger ocean and forms the basis of the various Marine Resources of Texas, which include navigation, recreation, oil and gas, commercial fisheries, oysters, and shell. The Gulf is open to the Atlantic Ocean through the Straits of Florida and to the Caribbean Sea through the Yucatán Channel. These passages, approximately 100 and 125 miles wide respectively, lie on either side of the island of Cuba, which extends into the Gulf's mouth \"like a loose-fitting bottle cork.\" The United States and Mexico form the Gulf's mainland shore, which extends more than 4,000 miles from the Florida Keys to Cabo Catoche, the northwestern promontory of the Yucatán Peninsula. Sharing the Gulf coast are Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, as well as the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo.", "precise_score": -0.7755715847015381, "rough_score": 0.048369646072387695, "source": "search", "title": "Gulf of Mexico - Texas State Historical Association" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Gulf of Mexico today is a far cry from the pristine sea discovered by Spanish navigators almost half a millennium ago. Though nature continues to revise its own creation, human endeavor in the Gulf and its environs exerts its own impact, much of it deleterious: on fish and wildlife, the beaches, inlets and estuaries, and the atmosphere. Parallel to efforts to preserve the whooping crane is concern for other endangered species such as the manatee (in eastern Gulf waters) and Kemp's ridley sea turtle. The latter, which often becomes enmeshed in shrimp nets and drowns, exemplifies the conflict that often occurs between human industry and nature. As both these factors have altered the Gulf of Mexico and its environment in the past, they will continue to do so in the future. Scientists are constantly trying to fathom the direction and effect of that change. Among the concerns is the so-called \"greenhouse effect,\" which some believe will bring a rise in global temperatures that will melt polar ice caps and raise sea levels. In the Gulf, that could mean inundation of large areas of low-lying coastal lands. On the basis of an Environmental Protection Agency report, a Louisiana scientist has projected a twelve-foot rise in the sea level by the year 2040. Such a rise would flood a fourth of Louisiana and seriously affect not only Louisiana but Texas and all the lands bordering the Gulf. The Corps of Engineers, meanwhile, wages a battle to keep the Mississippi River from hastening its race for the Gulf by taking over the Atchafalaya River and by-passing New Orleans. It's all a part of the contest between transient humankind and the eternal forces of the cosmos. See also GEOLOGY , MAPS , and OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY .", "precise_score": -4.725683212280273, "rough_score": -4.708846092224121, "source": "search", "title": "Gulf of Mexico - Texas State Historical Association" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The states in the U.S. that border the Atlantic Ocean include Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland and Massachusetts. In addition, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia also border the Atlantic Ocean. Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama border a part of the Atlantic Ocean known as the Gulf of Mexico.", "precise_score": -1.9812712669372559, "rough_score": -3.5969724655151367, "source": "search", "title": "What states border the Atlantic Ocean? | Reference.com" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Alabama, constituent state of the United States of America, admitted in 1819 as the 22nd state. Alabama forms a roughly rectangular shape on the map, elongated in a north-south direction. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, and Mississippi to the west. The Florida panhandle blocks Alabama’s access to the Gulf of Mexico except in Alabama’s southwestern corner, where Mobile Bay is located. Montgomery is the state capital.", "precise_score": -2.4597842693328857, "rough_score": -6.05186653137207, "source": "search", "title": "Alabama | history - geography - state, United States ..." }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "2. (Placename) the states of the US that border on the Gulf of Mexico: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas", "precise_score": 2.639785051345825, "rough_score": -1.1074060201644897, "source": "search", "title": "Gulf States - definition of Gulf States by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "1. the states of the U.S. bordering on the Gulf of Mexico: Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas.", "precise_score": 1.7853574752807617, "rough_score": -1.2912087440490723, "source": "search", "title": "Gulf States - definition of Gulf States by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Gulf States - a region of the United States comprising states bordering the Gulf of Mexico; Alabama and Florida and Louisiana and Mississippi and Texas", "precise_score": -0.6434121131896973, "rough_score": -1.2575780153274536, "source": "search", "title": "Gulf States - definition of Gulf States by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Magnolia State , Mississippi , MS - a state in the Deep South on the gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate States during the American Civil War", "precise_score": -1.3071537017822266, "rough_score": -0.11514000594615936, "source": "search", "title": "Gulf States - definition of Gulf States by The Free Dictionary" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1697, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville sailed for France and was chosen by the Minister of Marine to lead an expedition to rediscover the mouth of the Mississippi River and to colonize Louisiana which the English coveted. Iberville's fleet sailed from Brest on October 24, 1698. On January 25, 1699, Iberville reached Santa Rosa Island in front of Pensacola founded by the Spanish; he sailed from there to Mobile Bay and explored Massacre Island, later renamed Dauphin Island. He cast anchor between Cat Island and Ship Island; and on February 13, 1699, he went to the mainland, Biloxi, with his brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville. On May 1, 1699, he completed a fort on the north-east side of the Bay of Biloxi, a little to the rear of what is now Ocean Springs, Mississippi. This fort was known as Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi. A few days later, on May 4, Pierre Le Moyne sailed for France leaving his teenage brother, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, as second in command to the French commandant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.153524398803711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "On July 30, 1942 the Robert E. Lee, captained by William C. Heath, was torpedoed by the . She was sailing southeast of the entrance to the Mississippi River when the explosion destroyed the #3 hold, vented through the B and C decks and damaged the engines, the radio compartment and the steering gear. After the attack she was under escort by the USS PC-566, captained by LCDR Herbert G. Claudius, en route to New Orleans. The USS PC-566 began dropping depth charges on a sonar contact, sinking the U-166. The badly damaged Robert E. Lee first listed to port then to starboard and finally sank within about 15 minutes of the attack. One officer, nine crewmen and 15 passengers were lost. Ironically the passengers aboard the Robert E. Lee were primarily survivors of previous torpedo attacks by German U-boats. The wreck's precise location was discovered during the C & C Marine survey that located the U-166.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405075073242188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil platform, located in the Mississippi Canyon about 40 mi off the Louisiana coast, suffered a catastrophic explosion; it sank a day-and-a-half later. It was in the process of being sealed with cement for temporary abandonment, to avoid environmental problems. Although initial reports indicated that relatively little oil had leaked, by April 24, it was claimed by BP that approximately 1000 oilbbl of oil per day were issuing from the wellhead, about 1 mi below the surface on the ocean floor. On April 29, the U.S. government revealed that approximately 5000 oilbbl per day, five times the original estimate, were pouring into the Gulf from the wellhead. The resulting oil slick quickly expanded to cover hundreds of square miles of ocean surface, posing a serious threat to marine life and adjacent coastal wetlands, and to the livelihoods of Gulf Coast shrimpers and fishermen. Coast Guard Rear Adm. Sally Brice O'Hare stated that the U.S. government will be \"employing booms, skimmers, chemical dispersants and controlled burns\" to combat the oil spill. By May 1, 2010, the oil spill cleanup efforts were underway, but hampered by rough seas and the \"tea like\" consistency of the oil. Cleanup operations were resumed after conditions became favorable. On May 27, 2010, The USGS had revised the estimate of the leak from 5000 oilbbl/d to 12,000–19000 oilbbl/d an increase from earlier estimates. On July 15, 2010, BP announced that the leak stopped for the first time in 88 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.805408477783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In July 2015 BP reached an $18.7bn settlement with the US government, the states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, as well as 400 local authorities. To date BP's cost for the clean-up, environmental and economic damages and penalties has reached $54bn. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320856094360352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Native Americans long lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound builders, formed prolific agricultural societies. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served first as a barrier – forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States – then as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of Manifest Destiny, the Mississippi and several western tributaries, most notably the Missouri, formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26069164276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Formed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi Embayment is one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the country, which resulted in the river's storied steamboat era. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory because of the river's importance as a route of trade and travel, not least to the Confederacy. Because of substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that supplanted riverboats, the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees, locks and dams, often built in combination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410367012023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In the 18th century, the river was the primary western boundary of the young United States, and since the country's expansion westward, the Mississippi River has been widely considered a convenient if approximate dividing line between the Eastern, Southern, and Midwestern United States, and the Western United States. This is exemplified by the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, and the phrase \"Trans-Mississippi\" as used in the name of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. It is common to qualify a regionally superlative landmark in relation to it, such as \"the highest peak east of the Mississippi\" or \"the oldest city west of the Mississippi\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.223811149597168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The geographical setting of the Mississippi River includes considerations of the course of the river itself, its watershed, its outflow, its prehistoric and historic course changes, and possibilities of future course changes. The New Madrid Seismic Zone along the river is also noteworthy. These various basic geographical aspects of the river in turn underlie its human history and present uses of the waterway and its adjacent lands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500306129455566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River can be divided into three sections: the Upper Mississippi, the river from its headwaters to the confluence with the Missouri River; the Middle Mississippi, which is downriver from the Missouri to the Ohio River; and the Lower Mississippi, which flows from the Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.713303565979004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Upper Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.306459426879883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. The Upper Mississippi is divided into two sections:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.378630638122559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca, 1475 ft above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, Minnesota. The name \"Itasca\" was chosen to designate the \"true head\" of the Mississippi River as a combination of the last four letters of the Latin word for truth (veritas) and the first two letters of the Latin word for head (caput). However, the lake is in turn fed by a number of smaller streams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.780949592590332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "From its origin at Lake Itasca to St. Louis, Missouri, the waterway's flow is moderated by 43 dams. Fourteen of these dams are located above Minneapolis in the headwaters region and serve multiple purposes, including power generation and recreation. The remaining 29 dams, beginning in downtown Minneapolis, all contain locks and were constructed to improve commercial navigation of the upper river. Taken as a whole, these 43 dams significantly shape the geography and influence the ecology of the upper river. Beginning just below Saint Paul, Minnesota, and continuing throughout the upper and lower river, the Mississippi is further controlled by thousands of wing dikes that moderate the river's flow in order to maintain an open navigation channel and prevent the river from eroding its banks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322710990905762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The head of navigation on the Mississippi is the Coon Rapids Dam in Coon Rapids, Minnesota. Before it was built in 1913, steamboats could occasionally go upstream as far as Saint Cloud, Minnesota, depending on river conditions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.361374855041504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The uppermost lock and dam on the Upper Mississippi River is the Upper St. Anthony Falls Lock and Dam in Minneapolis. Above the dam, the river's elevation is 799 ft. Below the dam, the river's elevation is 750 ft. This 49 ft drop is the largest of all the Mississippi River locks and dams. The origin of the dramatic drop is a waterfall preserved adjacent to the lock under an apron of concrete. Saint Anthony Falls is the only true waterfall on the entire Mississippi River. The water elevation continues to drop steeply as it passes through the gorge carved by the waterfall.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945205688476562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Upper Mississippi features various natural and artificial lakes, with its widest point being Lake Winnibigoshish, near Grand Rapids, Minnesota, over 7 mi across. Also of note is Lake Onalaska (created by Lock and Dam No. 7), near La Crosse, Wisconsin, over 4 mi wide. On the other hand, Lake Pepin is natural, formed due to the delta formed by the Chippewa River of Wisconsin as it enters the Upper Mississippi; it is more than 2 mi wide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237428665161133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "By the time the Upper Mississippi reaches Saint Paul, Minnesota, below Lock and Dam No. 1, it has dropped more than half its original elevation and is 687 ft above sea level. From St. Paul to St. Louis, Missouri, the river elevation falls much more slowly, and is controlled and managed as a series of pools created by 26 locks and dams. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312579154968262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Upper Mississippi River is joined by the Minnesota River at Fort Snelling in the Twin Cities; the St. Croix River near Prescott, Wisconsin; the Cannon River near Red Wing, Minnesota; the Zumbro River at Wabasha, Minnesota; the Black, La Crosse, and Root rivers in La Crosse, Wisconsin; the Wisconsin River at Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin; the Rock River at the Quad Cities; the Iowa River near Wapello, Iowa; the Skunk River south of Burlington, Iowa; and the Des Moines River at Keokuk, Iowa. Other major tributaries of the Upper Mississippi include the Crow River in Minnesota, the Chippewa River in Wisconsin, the Maquoketa River and the Wapsipinicon River in Iowa, and the Illinois River in Illinois.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.101537704467773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Upper Mississippi is largely a multi-thread stream with many bars and islands. From its confluence with the St. Croix River downstream to Dubuque, Iowa, the river is entrenched, with high bedrock bluffs lying on either side. The height of these bluffs decreases to the south of Dubuque, though they are still significant through Savanna, Illinois. This topography contrasts strongly with the Lower Mississippi, which is a meandering river in a broad, flat area, only rarely flowing alongside a bluff (as at Vicksburg, Mississippi).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235701560974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Upper Mississippi River is home to over 119 species of fish. Some fish include; walleye, sauger, large mouth bass, small mouth bass, and white bass. Northern pike, bluegill and crappie also reside in the Upper Mississippi River. Other fish like channel catfish, flathead catfish, carp, the common shiner, freshwater drum, paddlefish and shovelnose sturgeon also live in these upper Mississippi waters. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources has designated much of the Mississippi River in the state as infested waters by the exotic species zebra mussels and Eurasian watermilfoil. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.118160247802734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Middle Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.316282272338867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River is known as the Middle Mississippi from the Upper Mississippi River's confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri, for 190 mi to its confluence with the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.97896957397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Middle Mississippi is relatively free-flowing. From St. Louis to the Ohio River confluence, the Middle Mississippi falls 220 ft over 180 mi for an average rate of . At its confluence with the Ohio River, the Middle Mississippi is 315 ft above sea level. Apart from the Missouri and Meramec rivers of Missouri and the Kaskaskia River of Illinois, no major tributaries enter the Middle Mississippi River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.138922691345215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Lower Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375345230102539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In addition to the Ohio River, the major tributaries of the Lower Mississippi River are the White River, flowing in at the White River National Wildlife Refuge in east central Arkansas; the Arkansas River, joining the Mississippi at Arkansas Post; the Big Black River in Mississippi; the Yazoo River, meeting the Mississippi at Vicksburg, Mississippi; and the Red River in Louisiana. The widest point of the Mississippi River is in the Lower Mississippi portion where it exceeds 1 mi in width in several places.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.885856628417969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Deliberate water diversion at the Old River Control Structure in Louisiana allows the Atchafalaya River in Louisiana to be a major distributary of the Mississippi River, with 30% of the Mississippi flowing to the Gulf of Mexico by this route, rather than continuing down the Mississippi's current channel past Baton Rouge and New Orleans on a longer route to the Gulf. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2565131187438965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River discharges at an annual average rate of between 200 and 700 thousand cubic feet per second (7,000–20,000 m3/s). Although it is the 5th largest river in the world by volume, this flow is a small fraction of the output of the Amazon, which moves nearly 7 million cubic feet per second (200,000 m3/s) during wet seasons. On average, the Mississippi has only 8% the flow of the Amazon River. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994173049926758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Fresh river water flowing from the Mississippi into the Gulf of Mexico does not mix into the salt water immediately. The images from NASA's MODIS (to the right) show a large plume of fresh water, which appears as a dark ribbon against the lighter-blue surrounding waters. These images demonstrate that the plume did not mix with the surrounding sea water immediately. Instead, it stayed intact as it flowed through the Gulf of Mexico, into the Straits of Florida, and entered the Gulf Stream. The Mississippi River water rounded the tip of Florida and traveled up the southeast coast to the latitude of Georgia before finally mixing in so thoroughly with the ocean that it could no longer be detected by MODIS.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4234113693237305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Before 1900, the Mississippi River transported an estimated 400 million metric tons of sediment per year from the interior of the United States to coastal Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico. During the last two decades, this number was only 145 million metric tons per year. The reduction in sediment transported down the Mississippi River is the result of engineering modification of the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio rivers and their tributaries by dams, meander cutoffs, river-training structures, and bank revetments and soil erosion control programs in the areas drained by them. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0976243019104, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The current form of the Mississippi River basin was largely shaped by the Laurentide Ice Sheet of the most recent Ice Age. The southernmost extent of this enormous glaciation extended well into the present-day United States and Mississippi basin. When the ice sheet began to recede, hundreds of feet of rich sediment were deposited, creating the flat and fertile landscape of the Mississippi Valley. During the melt, giant glacial rivers found drainage paths into the Mississippi watershed, creating such features as the Minnesota River, James River, and Milk River valleys. When the ice sheet completely retreated, many of these \"temporary\" rivers found paths to Hudson Bay or the Arctic Ocean, leaving the Mississippi Basin with many features \"oversized\" for the existing rivers to have carved in the same time period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.053877830505371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Ice sheets during the Illinoian Stage about 300,000 to 132,000 years before present, blocked the Mississippi near Rock Island, Illinois, diverting it to its present channel farther to the west, the current western border of Illinois. The Hennepin Canal roughly follows the ancient channel of the Mississippi downstream from Rock Island to Hennepin, Illinois. South of Hennepin, to Alton, Illinois, the current Illinois River follows the ancient channel used by the Mississippi River before the Illinoian Stage. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251641273498535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*c.2500 BC: Bayou Teche became the main course of the Mississippi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5267915725708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*c.800 BC: The Mississippi diverted further east.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308817863464355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*c.200 AD: Bayou Lafourche became the main course of the Mississippi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.536222457885742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*c.1000 AD: The Mississippi's present course took over.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.415842056274414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Before c.1400 AD: The Red River of the South flowed parallel to the lower Mississippi to the sea", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.439878463745117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*15th century: Turnbull's Bend in the lower Mississippi extended so far west that it captured the Red River of the South. The Red River below the captured section became the Atchafalaya River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3971529006958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*1831: Captain Henry M. Shreve dug a new short course for the Mississippi through the neck of Turnbull's Bend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484209060668945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*1833 to Nov 1873: The Great Raft (a huge logjam in the Atchafalaya River) was cleared. The Atchafalaya started to capture the Mississippi and to become its new main lower course.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.427204132080078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*1963: The Old River Control Structure was completed, controlling how much Mississippi water entered the Atchafalaya.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.539992332458496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In March 1876, the Mississippi suddenly changed course near the settlement of Reverie, Tennessee, leaving a small part of Tipton County, Tennessee, attached to Arkansas and separated from the rest of Tennessee by the new river channel. Since this event was an avulsion, rather than the effect of incremental erosion and deposition, the state line still follows the old channel. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34677505493164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The New Madrid Seismic Zone, along the Mississippi River near New Madrid, Missouri, between Memphis and St. Louis, is related to an aulacogen (failed rift) that formed at the same time as the Gulf of Mexico. This area is still quite active seismically. Four great earthquakes in 1811 and 1812, estimated at approximately 8 on the Richter magnitude scale, had tremendous local effects in the then sparsely settled area, and were felt in many other places in the midwestern and eastern U.S. These earthquakes created Reelfoot Lake in Tennessee from the altered landscape near the river.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.6766815185546875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi River runs through or along 10 states, from Minnesota to Louisiana, and was used to define portions of these states' borders, with Wisconsin, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi along the east side of the river, and Iowa, Missouri, and Arkansas along its west side. Substantial parts of both Minnesota and Louisiana are on either side of the river, although the Mississippi defines part of the boundary of each of these states.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1991605758667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In all of these cases, the middle of the riverbed at the time the borders were established was used as the line to define the borders between adjacent states. In various areas, the river has since shifted, but the state borders have not changed, still following the former bed of the Mississippi River as of their establishment, leaving several small isolated areas of one state across the new river channel, contiguous with the adjacent state. Also, due to a meander in the river, a small part of western Kentucky is contiguous with Tennessee, but isolated from the rest of its state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317281723022461, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Many of the communities along the Mississippi River are listed below; most have either historic significance or cultural lore connecting them to the river. They are sequenced from the source of the river to its end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489774703979492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Tunica, Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404072761535645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Greenville, Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424748420715332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Vicksburg, Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42025089263916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Natchez, Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34856128692627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The first bridge across the Mississippi River was built in 1855. It spanned the river in Minneapolis, Minnesota where the current Hennepin Avenue Bridge is located. No highway or railroad tunnels cross under the Mississippi River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24825382232666, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The first railroad bridge across the Mississippi was built in 1856. It spanned the river between the Rock Island Arsenal in Illinois and Davenport, Iowa. Steamboat captains of the day, fearful of competition from the railroads, considered the new bridge a hazard to navigation. Two weeks after the bridge opened, the steamboat Effie Afton rammed part of the bridge, setting it on fire. Legal proceedings ensued, with Abraham Lincoln defending the railroad. The lawsuit went to the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled in favor of the railroad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.328903198242188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Below is a general overview of selected Mississippi bridges which have notable engineering or landmark significance, with their cities or locations. They are sequenced from the Upper Mississippi's source to the Lower Mississippi's mouth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408616065979004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge - In Minneapolis, opened in September 2008, replacing the I-35W Mississippi River bridge which had collapsed catastrophically on August 1, 2007, killing 13 and injuring over 100.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382644653320312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Eisenhower Bridge (Mississippi River) - In Red Wing, Minnesota, opened by Dwight D. Eisenhower in November 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254343032836914, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* I-90 Mississippi River Bridge - Connects La Crosse, Wisconsin, and Winona County, Minnesota, located just south of Lock and Dam No. 7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252236366271973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Fort Madison Toll Bridge - Connects Fort Madison, Iowa, and unincorporated Niota, Illinois; also known as the Santa Fe Swing Span Bridge; at the time of its construction the longest and heaviest electrified swing span on the Mississippi River. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places since 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.122844696044922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Chain of Rocks Bridge - Located on the northern edge of St. Louis, notable for a 22-degree bend occurring at the middle of the crossing, necessary for navigation on the river; formerly used by U.S. Route 66 to cross the Mississippi. Replaced for road traffic in 1966 by a nearby pair of new bridges; now a pedestrian bridge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382015228271484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Caruthersville Bridge - A single tower cantilever bridge carrying Interstate 155 and U.S. Route 412 across the Mississippi River between Caruthersville, Missouri and Dyersburg, Tennessee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.416434288024902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Hernando de Soto Bridge - A through arch bridge carrying Interstate 40 across the Mississippi between West Memphis, Arkansas, and Memphis, Tennessee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.202272415161133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Frisco Bridge - A cantilevered through truss bridge, carrying a rail line across the river between West Memphis, Arkansas, and Memphis, Tennessee, previously known as the Memphis Bridge. When it opened on May 12, 1892, it was the first crossing of the Lower Mississippi and the longest span in the U.S. Listed as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.137307167053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Horace Wilkinson Bridge - A cantilevered through truss bridge, carrying six lanes of Interstate 10 between Baton Rouge and Port Allen in Louisiana. It is the highest bridge over the Mississippi River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190674781799316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Huey P. Long Bridge - In Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, the first Mississippi River span built in Louisiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.138314247131348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "A clear channel is needed for the barges and other vessels that make the main stem Mississippi one of the great commercial waterways of the world. The task of maintaining a navigation channel is the responsibility of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, which was established in 1802. Earlier projects began as early as 1829 to remove snags, close off secondary channels and excavate rocks and sandbars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418120384216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Steamboats entered trade in the 1820s, so the period 1830 - 1850 became the golden age of steamboats. As there were few roads or rails in the lands of the Louisiana Purchase, river traffic was an ideal solution. Cotton, timber and food came down the river, as did Appalachian coal. The port of New Orleans boomed as it was the trans-shipment point to deep sea ocean vessels. As a result, the image of the twin stacked, wedding cake Mississippi steamer entered into American mythology. Steamers worked the entire route from the trickles of Montana, to the Ohio river; down the Missouri and Tennessee, to the main channel of the Mississippi. Only with the arrival of the railroads in the 1880s did steamboat traffic diminish. Steamboats remained a feature until the 1920s. Most have been superseded by pusher tugs. A few survive as icons—the Delta Queen and the River Queen for instance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336740493774414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "A series of 29 locks and dams on the upper Mississippi, most of which were built in the 1930s, is designed primarily to maintain a 9 ft deep channel for commercial barge traffic. The lakes formed are also used for recreational boating and fishing. The dams make the river deeper and wider but do not stop it. No flood control is intended. During periods of high flow, the gates, some of which are submersible, are completely opened and the dams simply cease to function. Below St. Louis, the Mississippi is relatively free-flowing, although it is constrained by numerous levees and directed by numerous wing dams.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441009521484375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "On the lower Mississippi, from Baton Rouge to the mouth of the Mississippi, the navigation depth is 45 feet, allowing container ships and cruise ships to dock at the Port of New Orleans and bulk cargo ships shorter than 150 foot air draft that fit under the Huey P. Long Bridge to traverse the Mississippi to Baton Rouge. There is a feasibility study to dredge this portion of the river to 50 feet to allow New Panamax ship depths. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.144245147705078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1829, there were surveys of the two major obstacles on the upper Mississippi, the Des Moines Rapids and the Rock Island Rapids, where the river was shallow and the riverbed was rock. The Des Moines Rapids were about 11 mi (18 km) long and just above the mouth of the Des Moines River at Keokuk, Iowa. The Rock Island Rapids were between Rock Island and Moline, Illinois. Both rapids were considered virtually impassable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203563690185547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built to connect the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan via the Illinois River near Peru, Illinois. The canal allowed shipping between these important waterways. In 1900, the canal was replaced by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The second canal, in addition to shipping, also allowed Chicago to address specific health issues (typhoid fever, cholera and other waterborne diseases) by sending its waste down the Illinois and Mississippi river systems rather than polluting its water source of Lake Michigan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433764457702637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1907, Congress authorized a 6 ft deep channel project on the Mississippi, which was not complete when it was abandoned in the late 1920s in favor of the 9 ft deep channel project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.444962501525879, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Before the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Corps's primary strategy was to close off as many side channels as possible to increase the flow in the main river. It was thought that the river's velocity would scour off bottom sediments, deepening the river and decreasing the possibility of flooding. The 1927 flood proved this to be so wrong that communities threatened by the flood began to create their own levee breaks to relieve the force of the rising river.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494077682495117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1930 authorized the 9 ft channel project, which called for a navigation channel 9 feet deep and 400 ft wide to accommodate multiple-barge tows. This was achieved by a series of locks and dams, and by dredging. Twenty-three new locks and dams were built on the upper Mississippi in the 1930s in addition to the three already in existence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47930908203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Because the large scale of high-energy water flow threatened to damage the structure, an auxiliary flow control station was built adjacent to the standing control station. This US$300 million project was completed in 1986 by the U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers. Beginning in the 1970s, the Corps applied hydrological transport models to analyze flood flow and water quality of the Mississippi. Dam 26 at Alton, Illinois, which had structural problems, was replaced by the Mel Price Lock and Dam in 1990. The original Lock and Dam 26 was demolished.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.511712074279785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Corps now actively creates and maintains spillways and floodways to divert periodic water surges into backwater channels and lakes, as well as route part of the Mississippi's flow into the Atchafalaya Basin and from there to the Gulf of Mexico, bypassing Baton Rouge and New Orleans. The main structures are the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway in Missouri; the Old River Control Structure and the Morganza Spillway in Louisiana, which direct excess water down the west and east sides (respectively) of the Atchafalaya River; and the Bonnet Carré Spillway, also in Louisiana, which directs floodwaters to Lake Pontchartrain (see diagram). Some experts blame urban sprawl for increases in both the risk and frequency of flooding on the Mississippi River. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.872767448425293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The area of the Mississippi River basin was first settled by hunting and gathering Native American peoples and is considered one of the few independent centers of plant domestication in human history. Evidence of early cultivation of sunflower, a goosefoot, a marsh elder and an indigenous squash dates to the 4th millennium BCE. The lifestyle gradually became more settled after around 1000 BCE during what is now called the Woodland period, with increasing evidence of shelter construction, pottery, weaving and other practices. A network of trade routes referred to as the Hopewell interaction sphere was active along the waterways between about 200 and 500 CE, spreading common cultural practices over the entire area between the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. A period of more isolated communities followed, and agriculture introduced from Mesoamerica based on the Three Sisters (maize, beans and squash) gradually came to dominate. After around 800 CE there arose an advanced agricultural society today referred to as the Mississippian culture, with evidence of highly stratified complex chiefdoms and large population centers. The most prominent of these, now called Cahokia, was occupied between about 600 and 1400 CE and at its peak numbered between 8,000 and 40,000 inhabitants, larger than London, England of that time. At the time of first contact with Europeans, Cahokia and many other Mississippian cities had dispersed, and archaeological finds attest to increased social stress. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.419852256774902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Modern American Indian nations inhabiting the Mississippi basin include Cheyenne, Sioux, Ojibwe, Potawatomi, Ho-Chunk, Fox, Kickapoo, Tamaroa, Moingwena, Quapaw and Chickasaw.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245896339416504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The word Mississippi itself comes from Messipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe (Ojibwe or Algonquin) name for the river, Misi-ziibi (Great River). The Ojibwe called Lake Itasca Omashkoozo-zaaga'igan (Elk Lake) and the river flowing out of it Omashkoozo-ziibi (Elk River). After flowing into Lake Bemidji, the Ojibwe called the river Bemijigamaag-ziibi (River from the Traversing Lake). After flowing into Cass Lake, the name of the river changes to Gaa-miskwaawaakokaag-ziibi (Red Cedar River) and then out of Lake Winnibigoshish as Wiinibiigoonzhish-ziibi (Miserable Wretched Dirty Water River), Gichi-ziibi (Big River) after the confluence with the Leech Lake River, then finally as Misi-ziibi (Great River) after the confluence with the Crow Wing River. After the expeditions by Giacomo Beltrami and Henry Schoolcraft, the longest stream above the juncture of the Crow Wing River and Gichi-ziibi was named \"Mississippi River\". The Mississippi River Band of Chippewa Indians, known as the Gichi-ziibiwininiwag, are named after the stretch of the Mississippi River known as the Gichi-ziibi. The Cheyenne, one of the earliest inhabitants of the upper Mississippi River, called it the Máʼxe-éʼometaaʼe (Big Greasy River) in the Cheyenne language. The Arapaho name for the river is Beesniicíe. The Pawnee name is Kickaátit. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.488801002502441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Mississippi was spelled Mississipi or Missisipi during French Louisiana and was also known as the Rivière Saint-Louis. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.385287284851074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "On May 8, 1541, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto became the first recorded European to reach the Mississippi River, which he called Río del Espíritu Santo (\"River of the Holy Spirit\"), in the area of what is now Mississippi. In Spanish, the river is called Río Mississippi. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.112569808959961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "French explorers Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette began exploring the Mississippi in the 17th century. Marquette traveled with a Sioux Indian who named it Ne Tongo (\"Big river\" in Sioux language) in 1673. Marquette proposed calling it the River of the Immaculate Conception.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.312520027160645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "When Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi Valley in the 17th century, natives guided him to a quicker way to return to French Canada via the Illinois River. When he found the Chicago Portage, he remarked that a canal of \"only half a league\" (less than 2 miles (3.2 km), 3 km) would join the Mississippi and the Great Lakes. In 1848, the continental divide separating the waters of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley was breached by the Illinois and Michigan canal via the Chicago River. This both accelerated the development, and forever changed the ecology of the Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270214080810547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1682, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and Henri de Tonti claimed the entire Mississippi River Valley for France, calling the river Colbert River after Jean-Baptiste Colbert and the region La Louisiane, for King Louis XIV. On March 2, 1699, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville rediscovered the mouth of the Mississippi, following the death of La Salle. The French built the small fort of La Balise there to control passage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381765365600586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Following Britain's victory in the Seven Years War the Mississippi became the border between the British and Spanish Empires. The Treaty of Paris (1763) gave Great Britain rights to all land east of the Mississippi and Spain rights to land west of the Mississippi. Spain also ceded Florida to Britain to regain Cuba, which the British occupied during the war. Britain then divided the territory into East and West Florida.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14741039276123, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Article 8 of the Treaty of Paris (1783) states, \"The navigation of the river Mississippi, from its source to the ocean, shall forever remain free and open to the subjects of Great Britain and the citizens of the United States\". With this treaty, which ended the American Revolutionary War, Britain also ceded West Florida back to Spain to regain the Bahamas, which Spain had occupied during the war. In 1800, under duress from Napoleon of France, Spain ceded an undefined portion of West Florida to France. When France then sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. in 1803, a dispute arose again between Spain and the U.S. on which parts of West Florida exactly had Spain ceded to France, which would in turn decide which parts of West Florida were now U.S. property versus Spanish property. These aspirations ended when Spain was pressured into signing Pinckney's Treaty in 1795.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143444061279297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "France reacquired 'Louisiana' from Spain in the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1800. The United States then bought the territory from France in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. In 1815, the U.S. defeated Britain at the Battle of New Orleans, part of the War of 1812, securing American control of the river. So many settlers traveled westward through the Mississippi river basin, as well as settled in it, that Zadok Cramer wrote a guide book called The Navigator, detailing the features and dangers and navigable waterways of the area. It was so popular that he updated and expanded it through 12 editions over a period of 25 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.239226341247559, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Mark Twain's book, Life on the Mississippi, covered the steamboat commerce which took place from 1830 to 1870 on the river before more modern ships replaced the steamer. The book was published first in serial form in Harper's Weekly in seven parts in 1875. The full version, including a passage from the then unfinished Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and works from other authors, was published by James R. Osgood & Company in 1885.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459250450134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The first steamboat to travel the full length of the Lower Mississippi from the Ohio River to New Orleans was the New Orleans in December 1811. Its maiden voyage occurred during the series of New Madrid earthquakes in 1811–12.The Upper Mississippi was treacherous, unpredictable and to make traveling worse, the area was not properly mapped out or surveyed. Until the 1840s only two trips a year to the Twin Cities landings were made by steamboats which suggests it was not very profitable. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242766380310059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Steamboat transport remained a viable industry, both in terms of passengers and freight until the end of the first decade of the 20th century. Among the several Mississippi River system steamboat companies was the noted Anchor Line, which, from 1859 to 1898, operated a luxurious fleet of steamers between St. Louis and New Orleans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48134994506836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Italian explorer Giacomo Beltrami, wrote about his journey on the Virginia, which was the first steam boat to make it to Fort St.Anthony in Minnesota. He referred to his voyage as a promenade that was once a journey on the Mississippi.The steamboat era changed the economic and political life of the Mississippi, as well as the nature of travel itself. The Mississippi was completely changed by the steamboat era as it transformed into a flourishing tourists trade. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422935485839844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Control of the river was a strategic objective of both sides in the American Civil War. In 1862 Union forces coming down the river successfully cleared Confederate defenses at Island Number 10 and Memphis, Tennessee, while Naval forces coming upriver from the Gulf of Mexico captured New Orleans, Louisiana. The remaining major Confederate stronghold was on the heights overlooking the river at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and the Union's Vicksburg Campaign (December 1862 to July 1863), and the fall of Port Hudson, completed control of the lower Mississippi River. The Union victory ending the Siege of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, was pivotal to the Union's final victory of the Civil War.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.597159385681152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In the spring of 1927, the river broke out of its banks in 145 places, during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and inundated 27000 sqmi to a depth of up to 30 ft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.286805152893066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1962 and 1963, industrial accidents spilled of soybean oil into the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers. The oil covered the Mississippi River from St. Paul to Lake Pepin, creating an ecological disaster and a demand to control water pollution. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35801887512207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 1988, record low water levels provided an opportunity and obligation to examine the climax of the wooden-hulled age. The Mississippi fell to 10 ft below zero on the Memphis gauge. Water craft remains were exposed in an area of on the bottom of the Mississippi River at West Memphis, Arkansas. They dated to the late 19th to early 20th centuries. The State of Arkansas, the Arkansas Archeological Survey, and the Arkansas Archeological Society responded with a two-month data recovery effort. The fieldwork received national media attention as good news in the middle of a drought. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173316955566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Great Flood of 1993 was another significant flood, primarily affecting the Mississippi above its confluence with the Ohio River at Cairo, Illinois.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405726432800293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Two portions of the Mississippi were designated as American Heritage Rivers in 1997: the lower portion around Louisiana and Tennessee, and the upper portion around Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota and Missouri. The Nature Conservancy's project called \"America's Rivershed Initiative\" announced a 'report card' assessment of the entire basin in October 2015 and gave the grade of D+. The assessment noted the aging navigation and flood control infrastructure along with multiple environmental problems. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22154426574707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "In 2002, Slovenian long-distance swimmer Martin Strel swam the entire length of the river, from Minnesota to Louisiana, over the course of 68 days. In 2005, the Source to Sea Expedition paddled the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers to benefit the Audubon Society's Upper Mississippi River Campaign. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379250526428223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Geologists believe that the lower Mississippi could take a new course to the Gulf. Either of two new routes – through the Atchafalaya Basin or through Lake Pontchartrain — might become the Mississippi's main channel if flood-control structures are overtopped or heavily damaged during a severe flood. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.802546501159668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Old River Control Structure, between the present Mississippi River channel and the Atchafalaya Basin, sits at the normal water elevation and is ordinarily used to divert 30% of the Mississippi's flow to the Atchafalaya River. There is a steep drop here away from the Mississippi's main channel into the Atchafalaya Basin. If this facility were to fail during a major flood, there is a strong concern the water would scour and erode the river bottom enough to capture the Mississippi's main channel. The structure was nearly lost during the 1973 flood, but repairs and improvements were made after engineers studied the forces at play. In particular, the Corps of Engineers made many improvements and constructed additional facilities for routing water through the vicinity. These additional facilities give the Corps much more flexibility and potential flow capacity than they had in 1973, which further reduces the risk of a catastrophic failure in this area during other major floods, such as that of 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210713386535645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Because the Morganza Spillway is located at slightly higher elevation well back from the river, it is normally dry on both sides. Even if this structure were to fail at the crest during a severe flood, the flood waters would have to cause a significant amount of erosion, down to normal water levels, before the Mississippi could permanently jump channel at this location. During the 2011 floods, the Corps of Engineers decided to open the Morganza Spillway to 1/4 of its capacity to allow 150,000 ft3/sec of water to flood the Morganza and Atchafalaya floodways and continue directly to the Gulf of Mexico, bypassing Baton Rouge and New Orleans. In addition to reducing the Mississippi River crest downstream, this diversion reduced the chances of a channel change by reducing stress on the other elements of the control system. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.79571533203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Some geologists have noted that the possibility for course change into the Atchafalaya also exists in the area immediately north of the Old River Control Structure. Army Corps of Engineers geologist Fred Smith once stated, \"The Mississippi wants to go west. 1973 was a forty-year flood. The big one lies out there somewhere—when the structures can't release all the floodwaters and the levee is going to have to give way. That is when the river's going to jump its banks and try to break through.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40049934387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Another possible course change for the Mississippi River is a diversion into Lake Pontchartrain near New Orleans. This route is controlled by the Bonnet Carré Spillway, built to reduce flooding in New Orleans. This spillway and an imperfect natural levee about 4–6 meters (12 to 20 feet) high are all that prevents the Mississippi from taking a new, shorter course through Lake Pontchartrain to the Gulf of Mexico. Diversion of the Mississippi's main channel through Lake Pontchartrain would have consequences similar to an Atchafalaya diversion, but to a lesser extent, since the present river channel would remain in use past Baton Rouge and into the New Orleans area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.183476448059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "There are seven National Park Service sites along the Mississippi River. The Mississippi National River and Recreation Area is the National Park Service site dedicated to protecting and interpreting the Mississippi River itself. The other six National Park Service sites along the river are (listed from north to south):", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353017807006836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*William Faulkner uses the Mississippi River and Delta as the setting for many hunts throughout his novels. It has been proposed that in Faulkner's famous story, The Bear, young Ike first begins his transformation into a man, thus relinquishing his birthright to land in Yoknapatawpha County through his realizations found within the woods surrounding the Mississippi River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26452350616455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*Many of the works of Mark Twain deal with or take place near the Mississippi River. One of his first major works, Life on the Mississippi, is in part a history of the river, in part a memoir of Twain's experiences on the river, and a collection of tales that either take place on or are associated with the river. The river was noted for the number of bandits which called its islands and shores home, including John Murrell who was a well-known murderer, horse stealer and slave \"re-trader\". His notoriety was such that author Twain devoted an entire chapter to him in Life on the Mississippi, and Murrell was rumored to have an island headquarters on the river at Island 37. Twain's most famous work, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is largely a journey down the river. The novel works as an episodic meditation on American culture with the river having multiple different meanings including independence, escape, freedom, and adventure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349946975708008, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*Herman Melville's novel The Confidence-Man portrayed a Canterbury Tales-style group of steamboat passengers whose interlocking stories are told as they travel down the Mississippi River. The novel is written both as cultural satire and a metaphysical treatise. Like Huckleberry Finn, it uses the Mississippi River as a metaphor for the larger aspects of American and human identity that unify the otherwise disparate characters. The river's fluidity is reflected by the often shifting personalities and identities of Melville's \"confidence man\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.480220794677734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "* Much of Edna Ferber's 1926 novel Show Boat takes place on the Mississippi River. The novel is the basis for the celebrated 1927 musical play by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.519314765930176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*The song \"When the Levee Breaks\", made famous in the version performed by Led Zeppelin on the album Led Zeppelin IV, was composed by Memphis Minnie McCoy in 1929 after the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Another song about the flood was \"Louisiana 1927\" by Randy Newman for the album Good Old Boys.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.461976051330566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*Ferde Grofé composed a set of movements for symphony orchestra entitled \"Mississippi Suite\", based on the lands the river travels through.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.547201156616211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*The Johnny Cash song \"Big River\" is about the Mississippi River, and about drifting the length of the river to pursue a relationship that fails. The places mentioned in the song are Saint Paul, Davenport, St. Louis, Memphis, Baton Rouge and New Orleans.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430932998657227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*\"Roll On Mississippi\" and \"Mississippi Cotton Picking Delta Town\" are two classics from Charley Pride that refer to the Mississippi River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381387710571289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*The late Conway Twitty and Loretta Lynn collaborated on the song Louisiana Woman, Mississippi Man.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462963104248047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "*Paul Simon mentions the river and the Mississippi Delta in his song Graceland", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49123477935791, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mississippi River" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "4.  Mississippi", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181720733642578, "source": "search", "title": "Geography of the Gulf of Mexico - Border States" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "According to the USGS, the Rio Grande is tied with the St. Lawrence River (also 1,900 miles) as the fourth-longest North American river, exceeded only by the Missouri-Mississippi, McKenzie-Peace, and Yukon rivers. Since all of these except the Missouri-Mississippi are partly in Canada, the Rio Grande is the second-longest river entirely within or bordering the United States. It is Texas’ longest river.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.077277660369873, "source": "search", "title": "Rivers | Texas Almanac" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "Much early Anglo-American colonization of Texas took place in the Brazos Valley. Along its channel were San Felipe de Austin, capital of Austin’s colony; Washington-on-the-Brazos, where Texans declared independence from Mexico; and other historic settlements. There was some navigation of the lower channel of the Brazos in this period. Near its mouth it intersects the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, which provides connection with the commerce on the Mississippi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.311408042907715, "source": "search", "title": "Rivers | Texas Almanac" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Red River, which drains 24,297 square miles in Texas, is a part of the Mississippi drainage basin, and at one time it emptied all of its water into the Mississippi. In recent years, however, part of its water, especially at flood stage, has flowed to the Gulf via the Atchafalaya River in Louisiana.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.13736343383789, "source": "search", "title": "Rivers | Texas Almanac" }, { "answer": "Mississippi", "passage": "The Red River takes its name from the red color of the current. This caused every explorer who came to its banks to call it “red” regardless of the language he spoke — Río Rojo or Río Roxo in Spanish, Rivìere Rouge in French. At an early date, the river became the axis for French advance from Louisiana northwestward as far as present-day Montague County. There was consistent early navigation of the river from its mouth on the Mississippi to Shreveport, above which navigation was blocked by a natural log raft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175640106201172, "source": "search", "title": "Rivers | Texas Almanac" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The first Rotary Club was formed when attorney Paul P. Harris called together a meeting of three business acquaintances in downtown Chicago, United States, at Harris's friend Gustave Loehr's office in the Unity Building on Dearborn Street on February 23, 1905. In addition to Harris and Loehr (a mining engineer and freemason ), Silvester Schiele (a coal merchant), and Hiram E. Shorey (a tailor) were the other two who attended this first meeting. The members chose the name Rotary because initially they rotated subsequent weekly club meetings to each other's offices, although within a year, the Chicago club became so large it became necessary to adopt the now-common practice of a regular meeting place.", "precise_score": 6.823309421539307, "rough_score": 6.710376262664795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rotary International" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The very first Rotary club was founded in 1905, when an attorney named Paul Harris called together the first meeting of a small group of businessmen in Chicago. The club was called Rotary because the site of its meetings rotated as various members hosted the meetings. ", "precise_score": 7.453797817230225, "rough_score": 8.514769554138184, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary History - Rotary Club of Greenfield, Ohio" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Rotary came to southern Ohio and experienced the same growth as in other parts of the country. In early 1922 a Greenfield man, Walter Gray, attended one of the weekly luncheons of the Chicago Rotary Club while he was in that city on business. He was so favorably impressed with the activities and fellowship of the club that, upon his return home, he proposed that a similar organization be established in Greenfield. A club had already been established in Chillicothe, and Washington C.H. had followed in 1921 with the Chillicothe club acting as sponsor.", "precise_score": -0.2842317819595337, "rough_score": 6.039510726928711, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary History - Rotary Club of Greenfield, Ohio" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Rotary Club was founded in Chicago by an American Lawyer named Paul P. Harris on February 23, 1905. An American by the name of Leon J. Lambert initiated its formation in the Philippines on June 1919, which gave birth to the Rotary Club of Manila the first Asian Rotary Club.", "precise_score": 8.531490325927734, "rough_score": 9.658775329589844, "source": "search", "title": "Cebu Rotary Club, the pre-war civic organization | Freeman ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Rotary is a global humanitarian organization with more than 1.2 million members in 34,000 clubs around the world.  Rotary members are men and women who are business, professional and community leaders with a shared commitment to make the world a better place through humanitarian service. The first Rotary club was founded in Chicago in 1905.  Among many areas of local and international service including clean water and literacy, the eradication of polio has been Rotary’s top priority for more than two decades. The international humanitarian service organization of Rotary is a spearheading partner in the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, along with the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UNICEF.", "precise_score": 6.207808017730713, "rough_score": 6.901672840118408, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary | Gardner News" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Rotary was founded on the basis of exchanging information with people in diversified careers, fellowship, and community service, and encouraged friendship and mutual assistance. On February 23, 1905, Paul Harris, a Chicago lawyer, formed the first club with three other businessmen: Silvester Schiele, a coal merchant; Gustavus Loehr, a mining engineer; and Hiram Shorey, a merchant tailor.", "precise_score": 6.952908515930176, "rough_score": 8.184381484985352, "source": "search", "title": "Hyannis - Rotary Club of Hyannis" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "ROTARY/One members are business and professional leaders who volunteer their expertise, compassion and power to improve communities at home in Chicago as well as in communities around the world.  ROTARY/One was founded in 1905 in Chicago by four businessmen for professional synergy and friendship.  Having quickly realized the power of teaming up, they began to pull their collective talents together and started solving local community problems.  Within 10 years, Rotary was on the east and west coasts and in Canada.  Today there are over 34,000 clubs and 1.2 million members around the world.  ", "precise_score": 6.031262397766113, "rough_score": 6.986690521240234, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The ROTARY/One Foundation is a not-for-profit organization that is supported solely by voluntary contributions from members of the Rotary Club of Chicago and friends of the ROTARY/One Foundation. They share the commitment to service that began in 1905 with the founding of the Rotary Club of Chicago – the first service club in America.", "precise_score": 6.470593452453613, "rough_score": 7.523869037628174, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Rotary Club of Chicago – the founding club in the worldwide Rotary movement – is", "precise_score": 2.7841954231262207, "rough_score": 6.198663234710693, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "It looks like that was Chicago, Dixie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30671215057373, "source": "search", "title": "The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City?" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Yup, Chicago correct. Thanks for the info, very interesting, I learn many new things when you post information like this, Thanks Kraven,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.495637893676758, "source": "search", "title": "The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 in which American City?" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In Chicago city in... View the full answer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192399024963379, "source": "search", "title": "Need response asap...The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Chicago lawyer framed one of the world's first administration associations, the Rotary Club of... View the full answer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.680809736251831, "source": "search", "title": "Need response asap...The Rotary Club was founded in 1905 ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The founder of Rotary International, Paul Harris, grew up in the small town of Wallingford, Vermont , attended law school, traveled extensively after he graduated, and then journeyed in 1899 to the city of Chicago to establish a law practice of his own. Unfortunately, Harris found it difficult to find either clients or friends in the large metropolis, and he slowly began to realize that success in business went hand-in-hand with the ability to cultivate a network of the city’s social elite. As his law practice struggled to establish itself, Harris came upon the idea of forming a club whose members would be businessmen in much the same circumstance as his own. By meeting once a week to have lunch and develop a fellowship among themselves, Harris also intended for the men to trade or do business with each other, thereby forming both a social and a business network at the same time. The first meeting, held in 1905, was an immediate success and the Rotary Club, named because of the rotating meetings held from office to office of the members, was off to a grand beginning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.947763919830322, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "What was unique about the Rotary Club was that Paul Harris had modeled it, not on the organization and professionalism that one found at the highest levels of the corporate sector and in the boardrooms of the most successful firms in Chicago, but on the spirit and boosterism of small businessmen who banded together for the benefit of their community and for their individual gain. Harris’s ingenious adaptation of this spirit and boosterism that he found in small businessmen throughout Chicago was to argue that it was the common pursuit of one’s own individual benefit that ultimately served as a foundation for a community club. In keeping with this vision, the Rotary Club stressed a jaunty informality at its meetings, where members would loudly greet each other with backslapping familiarity and anyone who said “Mister” or “Sir” was fined immediately for breaking club rules.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8724154233932495, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Within a short time, however, members of the club who originally thought it beneficial to do business or trade within the membership began to chafe at the unremitting pressure to trade only with other members of the Rotary Club. When some members began to resign, and when other businessmen balked at joining the Chicago Rotary Club, Harris came up with a brilliant idea.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.933194160461426, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "He de-emphasized the backslapping business networking of the club and began emphasizing the notion of public improvement as one of the main activities of membership. Thus the Chicago Rotary Club teamed up with the Chicago Association of Commerce to fund and arrange for construction of the first public toilets in the city’s burgeoning business district. By 1910, at the first annual Rotary national convention, Harris was able to persuade the majority of delegates to de-emphasize business dealings among the membership while at the same time wholeheartedly concentrating on a “spirit of fellowship.” When a Chicago Rotarian named Arthur Sheldon, who gave the banquet address at the first annual convention, ended his speech with the phrase, “he profits most who serves best,” the entire audience burst into roars of approval, and soon thereafter the phrase was voted the official slogan of the Rotary Club. From this time forward, Harris and his fellow Rotarians pursued programs that focused on community service and business ethics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.500556230545044, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Harris, Paul P., My Road to Rotary, Chicago, Ill.: A. Kroch, 1948.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.89509916305542, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "——, This Rotarian Age, Chicago, Ill.: Rotary International, 1935.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.555417537689209, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Wolf, Alan M., “Gearing Up for Growth, Rotary Woos Women, Targets Finances,” Crain’s Chicago Business, September 9, 1996,p. 26.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.242374420166016, "source": "search", "title": "Rotary International Facts, information, pictures ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Grassroots at the core, Rotary links 1.2 million members to form an organization of international scope. It started with the vision of one man — Paul Harris. The Chicago attorney formed the Rotary Club of Chicago on 23 February 1905, so professionals with diverse backgrounds could exchange ideas, form meaningful, lifelong friendships, and give back to their communities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.978008270263672, "source": "search", "title": "History | Rotary" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Paul Harris named the new club \"Rotary\" because members met in rotation at their various places of business. Club membership grew rapidly, and grew from informal get-togethers to weekly lunch and dinner meetings. Soon Paul became convinced that the Rotary club could be developed into an important service movement and strove to extend Rotary to other cities. In 1907, the first Rotary community project was undertaken - the establishment of public comfort stations in Chicago's City Hall. From those humble beginnings, Rotary has now grown to be the number one service organization in the entire world, with more than 1.2 million members representing over 32,000 clubs in 162 countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.171586990356445, "source": "search", "title": "Hyannis - Rotary Club of Hyannis" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4757344722747803, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Rotary Club of Chicago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9773342609405518, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The Mission Statement for the Chicago Rotary Club (ROTARY/One) is:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.17463755607605, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The mission of the Rotary Club of Chicago is to promote ethical leadership, professional success and friendship among Club members through service in our community and around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3545962870121002, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "And that is why I encourage you to learn more about Rotary and your fellow Rotarians.  The materials in this welcome packet are a great first step.  You will find here an overview of our history, our philosophy, and our structure.  You will find descriptions of some of our projects here in Chicago and around the world.  And most importantly, you fill find ideas for ways that you can get engaged and information on who to talk to for more information.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.855270385742188, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "ROTARY/One is in Rotary International’s Zone 28, which includes the state of Wisconsin, North Dakota, most of Minnesota and Iowa, and parts of Northern Illinois, Nebraska, the UP of Michigan, and Ontario, Canada.    Within Zone 28, we are in District 6450.  District 6450 encompasses Chicago and generally the western suburbs extending south to about Kankakee.  District 6440 makes up the northern areas to the Wisconsin border.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.375412940979004, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The mission of the Rotary Club of Chicago is to promote ethical leadership, professional success and friendship among Club members through service in our community and around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3545962870121002, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "ROTARY/One is made up of approximately 170 professional men and women who meet together to collaborate on business as well as use our collective talents and resources to make a difference in the world.  Just in this last year ROTARY/One has contributed in a meaningful way to significant Chicago community and international projects, including:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.72601842880249, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "•    Providing summer internships to 250 Chicago Public High School students through Job1, our signature project, now in its 109th year.  Our Job1 project is in cooperation with the City of Chicago Corporate and Kid Start Initiatives.  Job1 prepares high school students for the workplace with job skills training and substantial summer internships in city businesses and not for profits. Students who successfully complete these internships are eligible to apply and qualify for a limited number of college scholarships in amounts up to $2,500. Each student is assigned to a Rotary member to mentor him or her and act as an advocate;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.747698783874512, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "•    Dictionary Project.  Every year we deliver over 2,000 dictionaries to Chicago Public School 3rd graders;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.518759727478027, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Initiated a peace forum with local community and government leaders to address the rash of gun violence in Chicago;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.442461013793945, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Enabled women in an economically depressed Chicago neighborhood to receive access to mammograms and education about breast cancer prevention and awareness;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.548184394836426, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Supported the work of Friends for Youth (formerly Partners with Youth), which reaches out to at-risk youth, their families and their peers in Chicagoland to guide them with mentoring, job training and educational opportunities by linking them to church and community resources;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.358449935913086, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Invested in the historic legacy of Rotary International by making a leadership gift toward efforts to preserve the home of ROTARY/One founder Paul Harris and his wife Jean in the South Chicago Beverly neighborhood;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.202345848083496, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The ROTARY/One Foundation, Inc. is the foundation of the Rotary Club of Chicago. The mission of the ROTARY/One Foundation is to secure the resources necessary to support the Service Mission of the Rotary Club of Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2945537567138672, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Since its inception, the ROTARY/One Foundation has given over six million dollars to support service projects of the Rotary Club of Chicago, which focus primarily on the priorities established by the Rotary International known as the six Areas if Focus – Peace and conflict prevention and resolution; disease prevention and treatment, water and sanitation, maternal and child health; basic education and literacy, and economic and community development, including:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2483301162719727, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "•    scholarships for students attending Chicago area colleges and universities;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.57329273223877, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "•    employment opportunities for Chicago high school students;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.521601676940918, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The ROTARY/One Foundation has committed over $100,000 for the 2013-2014 service projects of the Rotary Club of Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1243906021118164, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Contributions to the ROTARY/One Foundation, a qualified 501(c)(3) corporation, are tax-deductible within the limitations of the law and provide opportunities for both Rotarians and friends of the ROTARY/One Foundation to support the service projects of the Rotary Club of Chicago. Individuals can support the Foundation through contributions of cash, securities, or property. People who have access to matching giving programs are encouraged to use those to maximize their contribution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.294381618499756, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The ROTARY/One Foundation takes pride in recognizing contributions of any size. Those who give $1,000 or more (or in whose name a donation of $1,000 or more is made) are acknowledged as Chesley R. Perry Fellows. Perry, an early member of the Rotary Club of Chicago, was the first General Secretary of Rotary International and is credited by Paul Harris as “ the builder of Rotary International.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.914349555969238, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "District 6450 encompasses Chicago and generally the western suburbs extending south to about Kankakee.  There are 62 clubs within our district.  The purpose of the district is to support clubs both strategically and educationally as well as support the interaction between Rotary International and the Club.  You may visit the District website to learn more about its function.  As well, you are encouraged to participate in District functions as this will enhance your Rotary experience.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4109296798706055, "source": "search", "title": "Orientation - Rotary Club of Chicago" } ]

[ { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "Chrysler's Jefferson North Assembly, which makes the Jeep Grand Cherokee and Dodge Durango, is the only car manufacturing plant of any company remaining entirely in Detroit (General Motors operates a plant which is partly in Detroit and partly in Hamtramck). ", "precise_score": 4.276221752166748, "rough_score": 1.0953514575958252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chrysler" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "General Motors Company, commonly known as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services. The current company, General Motors Company LLC (\"new GM\"), was formed in 2009 as a part of its 2009 bankruptcy restructuring, after the bankruptcy of General Motors Corporation (\"old GM\"). The new company purchased the majority of the assets of \"old GM\", including the name \"General Motors\".", "precise_score": 1.6782968044281006, "rough_score": -2.2165324687957764, "source": "wiki", "title": "General Motors" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "General Motors Corporate Office & Headquarters | Detroit, MI", "precise_score": 5.693066596984863, "rough_score": 0.3448173999786377, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporate Office & Headquarters | Detroit, MI" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "\"Imported From Detroit\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46395492553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chrysler" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "In 2011, Chrysler unveiled their \"Imported From Detroit\" campaign with ads featuring Detroit rapper Eminem, one of which aired during the Super Bowl. The campaign highlighted the rejuvenation of the entire product lineup, which included the new, redesigned and repackaged 2011 200 sedan and 200 convertible, the Chrysler 300 sedan and the Chrysler Town & Country minivan. As part of the campaign, Chrysler sold a line of clothing items featuring the Monument to Joe Louis, with proceeds being funneled to Detroit-area charities, including the Boys and Girls Clubs of Southeast Michigan, Habitat for Humanity Detroit and the Marshall Mathers Foundation. Following the Eminem ad, there was also an ad for Detroit Lions defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh driving a Chrysler 300 to Portland, Oregon, to visit his mother, an ad featuring Detroit-born fashion designer John Varvatos cruising through a shadowy Gotham while Kevin Yon's familiar baritone traces the designer's genesis. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.898794174194336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chrysler" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "In March 2011, Chrysler Group LLC filed a lawsuit against Moda Group LLC (owner of Pure Detroit clothing retailer) for copying and selling merchandise with the \"Imported from Detroit\" slogan. Chrysler claimed it had notified defendant of its pending trademark application February 14, but the defendant argued Chrysler had not secured a trademark for the \"Imported From Detroit\" phrase. On June 18, 2011, U.S. District Judge Arthur Tarnow ruled that Chrysler's request did not show that it would suffer irreparable harm or that it had a strong likelihood of winning its case. Therefore, Pure Detroit's owner, Detroit retailer Moda Group LLC, can continue selling its \"Imported from Detroit\" products. Tarnow also noted that Chrysler does not have a trademark on \"Imported from Detroit\" and rejected the automaker's argument that trademark law is not applicable to the case. In March 2012, Chrysler Group LLC and Pure Detroit agreed to a March 27 mediation to try to settle the lawsuit over the clothing company's use of \"Imported from Detroit\" slogan. Pure Detroit stated that Chrysler has made false claims about the origins of three vehicles - Chrysler 200, Chrysler 300 and Chrysler Town & Country - none of which are built in Detroit. Pure Detroit also said that Chrysler's Imported From Detroit merchandise is not being made in Detroit. In 2012 Chrysler and Pure Detroit came to an undisclosed settlement. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.694520950317383, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chrysler" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "* Imported From Detroit (2011-2014) ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.436881065368652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chrysler" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "Based on global sales, General Motors is routinely among the world's largest automakers. Headquartered at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, GM employs approximately 202,000 people around the world. In 2009, General Motors sold 6.5 million cars and trucks globally; in 2010, it sold 8.4 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.156423091888428, "source": "wiki", "title": "General Motors" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "On September 7, 2014, at the Intelligent Transport Systems World Congress in Detroit GM disclosed it would be introducing auto-pilot features into certain 2017 models of its cars, which would go on sale in 2016. The \"super cruise\" or vehicle-to-vehicle V2V technology is likely to be first introduced to the Cadillac range, enabling drivers to switch in and out of semi-automated mode. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.971887588500977, "source": "wiki", "title": "General Motors" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "* Detroit Diesel sold to Penske Corporation; broken up and portion sold to the former DaimlerChrysler AG (now Daimler AG); now part of Daimler AG", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408967971801758, "source": "wiki", "title": "General Motors" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "300 Renaissance Center Detroit MI 48265", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478931427001953, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporate Office & Headquarters" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "What GM-Detroit does not comprehend is you need a stable-economy to enable a buyers-market to even exist … All the concept vehicles that GM has unveiled yet failed to supply a buyers market says that GM is barking up the wrong tree … Now, in their latest adventures, ‘ol GM has decided they need to chase down Bavarian Engineering, trying to no avail to become a super power in today’s economy does not work … GM, your prices are stupid ‘n when ya keep raising them to provide you with yet another set of failures, where’s it going to end? … Sales and Dealership Revenues are not what they used to be, and with that GM, stop trying to out do your competitors, because you will not win at anything … When the population of Detroit has been laid-off and moved out of the state in search of employment, ‘ol GM announced they are going to invest $300 Million in the Detroit area … Okay everyone, would you really pay upwards of $60-75K for a Camaro? … I have challenged GM to build “a Working Man’s Pickup”, yet even Stuart Pierce, their Marketing Engineer failed miserably when he announced that his better idea for the Carbon Pickup Truck was to “add stick-on tape” to the engine hood and call it a carbon series pickup … Suggest that GM go back to the boardroom and sort out what is necessary and what to kick to the curb !", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.096491813659668, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporate Office - Corporate Offices ..." }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "300 Renaissance Center Detroit, MI 48265", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452199935913086, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporate Office & Headquarters | Detroit, MI" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "The company was set up on September 16, in the year 1908, in Michigan. Charles Stewart was the co-founder of the company. General Motors was declared as the world's leading company in terms of auto sales from 1931 to 2007, the longest period through which any auto making company has been able to achieve record sales in history. After this, the company saw a certain level of downward movement, but it rose again in the year 2011 and emerged as the largest among all automakers, in terms of sales of vehicles. Having it's headquarter in Detroit, the company provides employment to more than 2 million people in more than thirty one countries, where it has its production units.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.654067039489746, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporate Office & Headquarters | Detroit, MI" }, { "answer": "Detroit", "passage": "I bought a 2012 Acadia and two years later I wish I didn't purchase it. A month after purchase it began to leak oil, I took to my local dealership and was diagnosed as a factory defective seal. They had to drop the engine to fix it which made me feel like it wasn't a new vehicle anymore. Today I received my third recall notice so you can imagine my displeasure to once again have to take it back to the dealer on my valuable time to fix yet another GMC blunder. How many more recalls are in my future? I find it interesting that when I bought a big ticket television which was defective I was able to return it for a refund. I checked my lemon law options, they are non-existent. The law is written in such a way that is is impossible to use. Now I'm stuck with this vehicle that I will be making payments on for the next 2.5 years. I can't really even sell it because a car fax will disclose the recall repairs. Who in their right mind would consider purchasing this piece of crap. The recalls will also affect the trade-in value and not in my favor. All this negativity because GMC sold me a defective product. I have written the president in Detroit with no reply or acknowledgement. For the record, I'm from Detroit and my family worked in the auto industry back in the day when Detroit turned out quality vehicles. For the last 20 years, I leased Mitsubishi and Infiniti vehicles and never had a problem. I BOUGHT the Acadia to support the economy which resulted in my ongoing nightmare. I really would like some kind of acknowledgement or the ability to return the vehicle.. I don't believe I should be punished both financially and emotionally for a defective product. I can be reached at [email protected]. I will again attempt to contact Mr. Ammann with this situation. Hopefully I will receive some response. Thank for the opportunity to bring this situation to light.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350531578063965, "source": "search", "title": "General Motors Corporate Office & Headquarters | Detroit, MI" } ]

[ { "answer": "Michael Stivic", "passage": "* Rob Reiner as Michael Stivic. Gloria's Polish-American hippie husband was part of the counterculture of the 1960s. He constantly sparred with Archie (in the original pilot, he was Irish-American). Michael was, in many ways, as stubborn as Archie, even though his moral views were generally presented as being more ethical and his logic somewhat sounder. Though this was true, he was generally portrayed in a more negative light than Archie; Archie was portrayed in a more sympathetic sense, while Michael was portrayed as loudmouthed and at times, demanding. He consistently tried to prove himself correct (as evidenced in the episode \"The Games Bunkers Play\") and seemed desperate to convince people that his way was the right way to go all the time, even more than Archie, who gave up giving advice about his way when there was no point. This would occasionally, if not often, end him up in conflict with his friends and wife. For his bullheadedness, Stivic was sometimes criticized for being an elitist. He also struggled with assumptions of male superiority. He spoke of believing in female equality, but often tried to control Gloria's decisions and desires in terms of traditional gender roles. While Archie was a representative of supposed bigotry and demonstrated the lion's share of the hypocrisy, Michael, on many occasions, showed his own. As discussed in All in the Family retrospectives, Richard Dreyfuss sought the part but Norman Lear was convinced to cast Reiner. Reiner appeared in 174 of the 202 episodes of the series during the first eight seasons—from January 12, 1971 to March 19, 1978. Reiner is also credited with writing three of the series' episodes. ", "precise_score": -4.221755027770996, "rough_score": -4.891709804534912, "source": "wiki", "title": "All in the Family" }, { "answer": "Michael Stivic", "passage": "They have one child, Gloria (Sally Struthers) who, for the most part, is kind and good natured, like her mother, but who also on occasion displays traces of her father's stubbornness; she becomes more of an outspoken feminist as the series progresses. Gloria is married to college student Michael Stivic (Rob Reiner). Michael is referred to as \"Meathead\" by Archie and \"Mike\" by nearly everyone else. Mike is a bit of a hippie, openly an atheist and his morality is influenced and shaped by the counterculture of the 1960s. He and Archie represent the real-life clash between the Greatest Generation and the Baby Boomers. They constantly clash over religious, political, social, and personal issues. For much of the series, the Stivics live in the Bunkers' home to save money, providing even more opportunity for the two men to irritate each other. When Mike finally finishes graduate school and the Stivics move out, it turns out to be to the house next door. The house was offered to them by George Jefferson, the Bunkers' former neighbor, who knows it will irritate Archie. In addition to calling him \"Meathead\", Archie also frequently cites Mike's Polish ancestry, referring to him as a \"dumb Polack.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.159970760345459, "source": "wiki", "title": "All in the Family" }, { "answer": "Michael Stivic", "passage": "* Sally Struthers as Gloria Stivic, née Bunker. The Bunkers' college-age daughter was married to Michael Stivic. Gloria frequently attempted to mediate Archie's and Michael's arguments. The roles of the Bunkers' daughter and son-in-law (then named \"Dickie\") initially went to Candice Azzara and Chip Oliver. However, after seeing the show's pilot, ABC, the original production company, requested a second pilot expressing dissatisfaction with both actors. Lear later recast the roles of \"Gloria\" and \"Dickie\" with Struthers and Reiner. Penny Marshall (Reiner's wife, whom he married in April 1971, shortly after the program began) was also considered for the role of Gloria. During the earlier seasons of the show, Struthers was known to be discontented with how static her part was, frequently coming off as irritating and having only a few token lines. As the series continued Gloria's character became more developed, satisfying Struthers. Struthers appeared in 157 of the 202 episodes during the first eight seasons—from January 12, 1971 to March 19, 1978. She later reprised the role in the spin-off series Gloria, which lasted for a single season in 1982-83.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.9825029373168945, "source": "wiki", "title": "All in the Family" }, { "answer": "Meat head", "passage": "Wonderful!!!! ...I hope so much he, Edith and family willl be back on Wonderful....Please bring Archie, Edith ,Gloria \"Meat Head \" and All In The Family back on TV soon!!! t", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.031042575836182, "source": "search", "title": "Video: Jtube: All in the Family: Archie’s Jewish Friend" } ]

[ { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "The 12 acre complex in Midtown Manhattan known as Rockefeller Center was developed between 1929 and 1940 by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., on land leased from Columbia University. The Radio City Music Hall was designed by architect Edward Durell Stone and interior designer Donald Deskey in the Art Deco style.", "precise_score": 7.756735324859619, "rough_score": 6.406325817108154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Radio City Music Hall" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "Tour two of New York City’s most iconic performing arts venues - Radio City Music Hall and Lincoln Center - for the ultimate insider experience. The Radio City Stage Door Tour is a 75 minute walking tour through the stunning private and public spaces of this art deco landmark. Every Lincoln Center Tour is unique and you never know what can happen. You might sit in on a rehearsal, walk out onto the stage, or meet a star.", "precise_score": 2.883265972137451, "rough_score": 4.7213358879089355, "source": "search", "title": "Tours - Radio City Music Hall - New York City" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "Designed by Edward Durell Stone, the interior of the theater with its austere Art Deco lines represented a break with the traditional ornate rococo ornament associated with movie palaces at the time. The radiating arches of the proscenium united the large auditorium, allowing a sense of intimacy as well as grandeur. The interior decor was created by designer Donald Deskey. Deskey's geometric Art Deco designs incorporate glass, aluminum, chrome, and leather in the ornament for the theater's wall coverings, carpet, light fixtures, and furniture. His work borrowed heavily from the European Modern aesthetic style, of which he was the foremost exponent in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.181742668151855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Radio City Music Hall" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "A vestige of the large entertainment component found in the earlier plan for Rockefeller Center, this theater was a larger version of the music halls and theaters around Times Square. Originally intended for use as a vaudeville music hall which would be \"the showplace of the nation,\" this theater features a stunning Art Deco interior decorated with golden rays and plaster arches. At the time it was built, the theater had many innovative technical features including a revolving stage, three moveable sections of stage flooring, and sophisticated scenery equipment. When the success of this theater was threatened by the newly popular genre of sound film, it was taken over by Rockefeller Center and RCA. After being adapted as a movie theater for a brief period of time, the facility was resurrected as a music hall and immortalized by the famous chorus line dancers known as the Rockettes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2255072593688965, "source": "search", "title": "New York Architecture Images- Radio City Music Hall" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "Radio City has 5,933 seats for spectators; it became the largest movie theater in the world at the time of its opening. Designed by Edward Durell Stone, the interior of the theater, by Donald Deskey, incorporates glass, aluminum, chrome, and geometric ornamentation. Deskey rejected the Rococo embellishment generally used for theaters at that time in favor of a contemporary Art Deco style, borrowed heavily from a European Modern aesthetic style, of which he was the foremost exponent at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9184579849243164, "source": "search", "title": "New York Architecture Images- Radio City Music Hall" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "The Radio City Stage Door Tour offers an insider's look at the legendary Radio City Music Hall. On this guided tour, discover art deco masterpieces, learn the secrets of the Great Stage, meet a Rockette®, plus much more!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7869898080825806, "source": "search", "title": "Tours - Radio City Music Hall - New York City" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "RADIO CITY ART DECO TOUR", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.248721122741699, "source": "search", "title": "Tours - Radio City Music Hall - New York City" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "In addition to all of the elements of the Stage Door Tour, this 80 minute specialized tour offers guests a more detailed examination of the interior design throughout Radio City Music Hall.  Highlights of the Art Deco Tour include the magnificent Grand Foyer, the massive 1.8 million cubic feet auditorium, original aluminum statues, all 8 elegant lounges and the impeccable Roxy Suite. Come experience Radio City Music Hall the way you’ve never experienced it before: through the eyes of one of the most progressive designers of the day – Donald Deskey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4256291389465332, "source": "search", "title": "Tours - Radio City Music Hall - New York City" }, { "answer": "Art Deco", "passage": "Been to NYC many times and always head to Broadway. Decided to see a show at The Radio City Music Hall for a change, rather than just taking a picture outside for the holiday album. Firstly was blown away by the beautiful Art Deco interior. Staircase and ceiling, even the restrooms are amazing. Secondly, the show itself was so entertaining and professional. I had a tear in the eye when the Rockettes did their thing as I couldn't quite believe I was seeing this iconic performance in person. Thirdly, just sitting there inside the beautiful atmospheric theatre imagining all the shows and history gone on before was moving. Why did I take so long to come here? Next time we'll do the tour as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.994683265686035, "source": "search", "title": "History, Architecture, and Entertainment - Radio City ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "Shirley was the tallest in her ballet classes at the Washington School of Ballet. Just after she graduated from Washington-Lee High School, she packed her bags and headed for New York. While auditioning for Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II 's \"Me and Juliet\", the producer kept mispronouncing her name. She then changed her name from Shirley MacLean Beaty to Shirley MacLaine. She later had a role in \"The Pajama Game\", as a member of the chorus and understudy to Carol Haney . A few months into the run, Shirley was going to leave the show for the lead role in \"Can-Can\" but ended up filling in for Haney, who had broken her ankle and could not perform. She would fill in for Carol, again, three months later, following another injury, the very night that movie producer Hal B. Wallis was in the audience. Wallis signed MacLaine to a five-year contract to Paramount Pictures. Three months later, she was off to shoot The Trouble with Harry (1955). She then took roles in Hot Spell (1958) and Around the World in Eighty Days (1956), completed not too long before her daughter, Sachi Parker (born Stephanie), was born. With Shirley's career on track, she played one of her most challenging roles: \"Ginny Moorhead\" in Some Came Running (1958), for which she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. She went on to do The Sheepman (1958) and The Matchmaker (1958). In 1960, she got her second Academy Award nomination for The Apartment (1960). Three years later, she received a third nomination for Irma la Douce (1963). In 1969, she brought her friend Bob Fosse from Broadway to direct her in Sweet Charity (1969), from which she got her \"signature\" song, \"If My Friends Could See Me Now\". After a five-year hiatus, Shirley made a documentary on China called The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir (1975), for which she received an Oscar nomination for best documentary.", "precise_score": 3.992706060409546, "rough_score": 3.18408465385437, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "Shirley MacLaine was born Shirley MacLean Beaty in 1934 in Richmond, USA. She was the daughter of drama coach and former actress Kathlyn MacLean Beaty and Ira O. Beaty, a professor of psychology and philosophy. Her younger brother, Warren Beatty, also grew up to be an important Hollywood figure as an actor/director/producer and screenwriter. MacLaine took dance lessons from age two, first performed publicly at age four, and at 16 went to New York, making her Broadway debut as a chorus girl in Me and Juliet (1953). When not scrambling for theatrical work, MacLaine worked as a model. Her big break came in 1954, when she was understudying Broadway actress Carol Haney in The Pajama Game. Haney fractured her ankle, MacLaine replaced her and was spotted and offered a movie contract by producer Hal Wallis. Her film debut was Alfred Hitchcock's black comedy The Trouble With Harry (1955). Later that year, she co-starred opposite Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis in the comedy Artists and Models (Frank Tashlin, 1955). In her next feature, Around the World in 80 Days (Michael Anderson, 1956), she appeared as an Indian princess. The film was completed not too long before her daughter, Sachi Parker (born Stephanie), was born. Father was her husband Steve Parker, whom she had married in 1954 and would divorce in 1982.", "precise_score": 6.932096481323242, "rough_score": 8.797386169433594, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine | Israelian postcard by Editions de Luxe ..." }, { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "MacLaine's big break came in the mid-1950s with the Broadway musical The Pajama Game. She was a member of the show's chorus as well as an understudy for one of its lead characters. After producer Hal Wallis saw her perform, MacLaine landed a contract with Paramount Pictures. She made her film debut in 1955's The Trouble with Harry directed by Alfred Hitchcock.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.587625026702881, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine - Theater Actress, Dancer ... - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "Shirley MacLaine has been captivating movie audiences since 1955 when she made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock’s “The Trouble With Harry.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5930027961730957, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine - Hollywood Star Walk - Los Angeles Times" }, { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "MacLaine made her film debut in Alfred Hitchcock's The Trouble with Harry (1955), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star Of The Year - Actress. In 1956 she had roles in Hot Spell and Around the World in Eighty Days. At the same time she starred in Some Came Running, the film that gave her her first Academy Award nomination - one of five that the film received - and a Golden Globe nomination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.769983768463135, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine biography, birth date, birth place and ..." }, { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "Interestingly, MacLaine's big break was the result of another actress's bad luck. In 1954, MacLaine was understudying Broadway actress Carol Haney The Pajama Game when Haney fractured her ankle. MacLaine replaced her and was spotted and offered a movie contract by producer Hal Wallis. With her auburn hair cut impishly short, the young actress made her film debut in Hitchock's black comedy The Trouble With Harry (1955). Later that year, she co-starred opposite Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis in the comedy Artists and Models. In her next feature, Around the World in 80 Days (1956), she appeared as an Indian princess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5381128787994385, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine - Buy, Rent, and Watch Movies & TV on ..." }, { "answer": "The Trouble With Harry", "passage": "American actress Shirley MacLaine (1934) is among Hollywood's most unique stars. With her auburn hair cut impishly short, she made her film debut in Hitchcock's black comedy The Trouble With Harry (1955). She earned Oscar nominations for Some Came Running (1959), for Billy Wilder's The Apartment , and for Irma La Douce (1963). Later triumphs included Sweet Charity! (1969), The Turning Point (1977), Being There (1979) and Terms of Endearment (1983). And she's still going strong.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7129966020584106, "source": "search", "title": "Shirley MacLaine | Israelian postcard by Editions de Luxe ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Highest Concrete Arch Bridge In The World / Hoover Dam / Colorado River / Arizona - YouTube", "precise_score": 5.0732550621032715, "rough_score": 7.991337299346924, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Highest Concrete Arch Bridge In The World / Hoover Dam / Colorado River / Arizona", "precise_score": 5.510155200958252, "rough_score": 8.247285842895508, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge - The Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge - Hoover Dam - Colorado River - Arizona:", "precise_score": 5.76845645904541, "rough_score": 8.096070289611816, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Hoover Dam is a massive concrete arch-gravity dam, constructed in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada between 1931 and 1936 during the Great Depression. In 1928, Congress authorized the project to build a dam that would control floods, provide irrigation water and produce hydroelectric power. The winning bid to build the dam was submitted by a consortium called Six Companies, Inc. Such a large concrete structure had never been built before, and some of the techniques were unproven. The torrid summer weather and the lack of facilities near the site also presented difficulties. Nevertheless, Six Companies turned over the dam to the federal government on 1 March 1936, more than two years ahead of schedule.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.727881908416748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dam" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Two types of single-arch dams are in use, namely the constant-angle and the constant-radius dam. The constant-radius type employs the same face radius at all elevations of the dam, which means that as the channel grows narrower towards the bottom of the dam the central angle subtended by the face of the dam becomes smaller. Jones Falls Dam, in Canada, is a constant radius dam. In a constant-angle dam, also known as a variable radius dam, this subtended angle is kept a constant and the variation in distance between the abutments at various levels are taken care of by varying the radii. Constant-radius dams are much less common than constant-angle dams. Parker Dam on the Colorado River is a constant-angle arch dam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.373884677886963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dam" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Dams can also be created by natural geological forces. Volcanic dams are formed when lava flows, often basaltic, intercept the path of a stream or lake outlet, resulting in the creation of a natural impoundment. An example would be the eruptions of the Uinkaret volcanic field about 1.8 million–10,000 years ago, which created lava dams on the Colorado River in northern Arizona in the United States. The largest such lake grew to about 800 km in length before the failure of its dam. Glacial activity can also form natural dams, such as the damming of the Clark Fork in Montana by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, which formed the 7780 km2 Glacial Lake Missoula near the end of the last Ice Age. Moraine deposits left behind by glaciers can also dam rivers to form lakes, such as at Flathead Lake, also in Montana (see Moraine-dammed lake).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.839965343475342, "source": "wiki", "title": "Dam" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge is an arch bridge in the United States that spans the Colorado River between the states of Arizona and Nevada. The bridge is located within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area approximately 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada, and carries U.S. Route 93 over the Colorado River. Opened in 2010, it was the key component of the Hoover Dam Bypass project, which rerouted US 93 from its previous routing along the top of Hoover Dam and removed several hairpin turns and blind curves from the route. It is jointly named for Mike O'Callaghan, Governor of Nevada from 1971–1979, and Pat Tillman, an American football player who left his career with the Arizona Cardinals to enlist in the United States Army and was later killed in Afghanistan by friendly fire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7801337242126465, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "As early as the 1960s, officials identified the US 93 route over Hoover Dam to be dangerous and inadequate for projected traffic volumes. From 1998–2001, officials from Arizona, Nevada, and several federal government agencies collaborated to determine the best routing for an alternative river crossing. In March 2001, the Federal Highway Administration selected the route, which crosses the Colorado River approximately 1,500 feet (460 m) downstream of Hoover Dam. Construction of the bridge approaches began in 2003, and construction of the bridge itself began in February 2005. The bridge was completed in 2010 and the entire bypass route opened to vehicle traffic on October 19, 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8021039962768555, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The bridge was the first concrete-steel composite arch bridge built in the United States, and it incorporates the widest concrete arch in the Western Hemisphere. At 840 feet (260 m) above the Colorado River, it is the second-highest bridge in the United States, following the Royal Gorge Bridge. It is also the world's highest concrete arch bridge. The Hoover Dam Bypass project was completed within budget at a cost of $240 million; the bridge portion cost $114 million (2010 prices).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.490835189819336, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "In 1935, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO, later AASHTO) authorized a southward extension of U.S. Route 93 from its previous southern terminus in Glendale, Nevada to Kingman, Arizona by way of Las Vegas and Boulder City, crossing the Colorado River on the newly constructed Hoover Dam (also known then as Boulder Dam). Clark County was sparsely populated at the time, with a population of less than 9,000 at the 1930 U.S. Census (compared to an estimated 2 million in 2013). Development in and around Las Vegas in the latter half of the 20th century made Las Vegas and its surrounding area a tourist attraction, and US 93 became an important transportation corridor for passenger and commercial traffic between Las Vegas and Phoenix. In 1995, the portion of US 93 over Hoover Dam was included as part of the CANAMEX Corridor, a high-priority transportation corridor established under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This bridge is a key component of the proposed Interstate 11 project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.777714729309082, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Through traffic on US 93 combined with pedestrian and tourist traffic at Hoover Dam itself led to major traffic congestion on the dam and on the approaches to the dam. The approaches featured hairpin turns on both the Nevada and Arizona sides of the dam, and the terrain caused limited sight distances around curves. In addition to traffic safety considerations, officials were also concerned about the safety and security of Hoover Dam, specifically the impact a vehicle accident could have on the dam's operation and the waters of Lake Mead. Officials first discussed the need for a new Colorado River crossing that would bypass the dam in the 1960s. The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the dam, began work on the \"Colorado River Bridge Project\" in 1989, but the project was put on hold in 1995. In 1997 the Federal Highway Administration took over the project and released a draft environmental impact statement in 1998. From 1998–2001 state officials from Arizona and Nevada as well as several federal government agencies studied the feasibility of several alternative routes and river crossings, as well as the feasibility of modifying the roadway over the dam, restricting traffic over the dam, or doing nothing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.981961250305176, "source": "search", "title": "World's Highest Concrete Arch Bridge / Hoover Dam ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "There, on the shore of Lake Mead, the venerable Hoover Dam and its dazzling new companion, the Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, represent a century of high-stakes engineering and construction work in this 1,500-foot stretch of Colorado River. The proximity of these manmade marvels to major destinations in Nevada and Arizona make the site a must-see example of U.S. engineering on the grandest scale.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.292452335357666, "source": "search", "title": "Hoover Dam Bridge Top 10 Engineering Facts" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Before the bridge, travelers between Arizona and Nevada on U.S. Route 93 crossed the Colorado River on the dam itself, via a crowded, white-knuckle two-lane road riddled with hairpin turns, high winds and zero visibility.  What was recognized as a bad set-up 45 years ago became untenable by the 2000s, when the surging population growth and tourism caused hopeless congestion amid the ever-present road hazards. With added post- 9/11 security concerns, officials from both states finally found the resources to bypass the dam with a straighter, safer highway  with a new Colorado River bridge crossing as its central engineering challenge.  ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.90622615814209, "source": "search", "title": "Hoover Dam Bridge Top 10 Engineering Facts" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "At 880 feet over the Colorado River, it is the second-highest bridge in the United States and the highest concrete-arch bridge anywhere.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.739358901977539, "source": "search", "title": "Hoover Dam Bridge Top 10 Engineering Facts" } ]

[ { "answer": "31,700", "passage": "The size of Lake Superior according to water surface area is 82,100 square kilometers or 31,700 square miles. The drainage basin area of the lake is 127,700 square kilometers or 49,300 square miles. The shoreline length of the lake including the islands is 4,385 kilometers or 2,726 miles.", "precise_score": 9.353069305419922, "rough_score": 8.533431053161621, "source": "search", "title": "What is the Size of Lake Superior? | Dimensions Info" }, { "answer": "31,700", "passage": "Lake Superior is the single named lake with the largest surface area in the United States at 31,700 square miles (82,103 square kilometers).", "precise_score": 9.079344749450684, "rough_score": 8.714366912841797, "source": "search", "title": "Largest Lake in the World - Largest in the United States ..." }, { "answer": "31700", "passage": "Lake Superior has a surface area of 31700 sqmi, which is approximately the size of South Carolina or Austria. It has a maximum length of 350 smi and maximum breadth of 160 smi. Its average depth is with a maximum depth of . Lake Superior contains 2,900 cubic miles (12,100 km³) of water. There is enough water in Lake Superior to cover the entire land mass of North and South America to a depth of 30 cm. The shoreline of the lake stretches 2726 mi (including islands).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.76479434967041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lake Superior" }, { "answer": "31,700", "passage": "It's the world's largest freshwater lake by surface area – 31,700 square miles (82,100 square kilometres), or roughly the size of Maine – and holds 10 percent of the world's surface fresh water. (By volume, it's the third largest, behind Lake Baikal in Siberia and Lake Tanganyika in eastern Africa.) Lake Superior's 3 quadrillion gallons are enough to cover both North and South America under a foot of water.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.703596830368042, "source": "search", "title": "How Big is Lake Superior? - Lake Superior Magazine" }, { "answer": "31,700", "passage": "WATER SURFACE AREA:  31,700 sq. miles / 82,100 sq. km.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.837146282196045, "source": "search", "title": "Lake Superior Facts and Figures - Great Lakes Facts" }, { "answer": "31,700", "passage": "2.  The surface area of Lake Superior (31,700 square miles or 82,170 square kilometers) is greater than the combined areas of Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.374729156494141, "source": "search", "title": "Lake Superior Facts - University of Missouri–Kansas City" }, { "answer": "31,700", "passage": "Lake Superior, on the United States/Canada border, is the named freshwater lake with the greatest surface area at 31,700 square miles (82,103 square kilometers).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.979066848754883, "source": "search", "title": "Largest Lake in the World - Largest in the United States ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "The Roswell UFO incident refers to an event in mid 1947, when a United States Air Force surveillance balloon crashed at a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico, prompting claims alleging the crash was of an extraterrestrial spaceship.", "precise_score": -1.496147632598877, "rough_score": -2.7673439979553223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Roswell UFO incident" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "The Roswell UFO incident took place in the U.S. in June or July 1947, when an airborne object crashed on a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Explanations of what took place are based on both official and unofficial communications. Although the crash is attributed to a secret U.S. military Air Force surveillance balloon by the U.S. government, the most famous explanation of what occurred is that the object was a spacecraft containing extraterrestrial life. Since the late 1970s, the Roswell incident has been the subject of much controversy, and conspiracy theories have arisen about the event.", "precise_score": -1.3689709901809692, "rough_score": -4.173933982849121, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th ..." }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "The Roswell Incident - There are many movies about what happened that night on 4th July 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico. You may have seen the X-files, Unsolved Mysteries and some other films or series that talk about UFO’s, aliens and other mysteries connected with this event. However, to find truth is something not very easy to do such as there is a huge amount of conspiracy theories and we do not know which one is the real one, and what actually happened still remains a mystery. By doing this research, I want to find out the truth about what really happened and how has it changed society....   [tags: fiction, UFO, aliens, Independence day]", "precise_score": 0.6622630953788757, "rough_score": -0.005810452625155449, "source": "search", "title": "Free roswell incident Essays and Papers - 123helpme.com" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "On June 14, 1947, William Brazel, a foreman working on the Foster homestead, noticed clusters of debris approximately 30 mi north of Roswell, New Mexico. This date—or \"about three weeks\" before July 8—appeared in later stories featuring Brazel, but the initial press release from the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF) said the find was \"sometime last week\", suggesting Brazel found the debris in early July. Brazel told the Roswell Daily Record that he and his son saw a \"large area of bright wreckage made up of rubber strips, tinfoil, a rather tough paper and sticks.\" He paid little attention to it but returned on July 4 with his son, wife and daughter to gather up the material. Some accounts have described Brazel as having gathered some of the material earlier, rolling it together and stashing it under some brush. The next day, Brazel heard reports about \"flying discs\" and wondered if that was what he had picked up. On July 7, Brazel saw Sheriff Wilcox and \"whispered kinda confidential like\" that he may have found a flying disc. Another account quotes Wilcox as saying Brazel reported the object on July 6.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.178913116455078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Roswell UFO incident" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "2013 marked the 66th anniversary of the UFO crash in Roswell, New Mexico, July 1947. Today's animated google doodle celebrated the Roswell Incident in the form of a video game . From that event we find a massive acceleration of technology that many believe was reverse engineered from the Roswell crash and others that followed in different areas. Through the decades, dozens of witnesses and researchers have come forth with information about the incident. Government coverups continue to this very day. It all began two months after the Maury Island UFO Incident - Kenneth Arnold ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.894789218902588, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th ..." }, { "answer": "Roswell, N.M.", "passage": "Brig. Gen. Roger M. Ramey, commanding general of 8th Air Force, and Col. Thomas J. Dubose, 8th Air Force chief of staff, identify metallic fragments found by a farmer near Roswell, N.M., as pieces of a weather balloon. This is the basis of the Roswell Incident, the supposed crash of an alien spacecraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.639856338500977, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th ..." }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "In November 1995, only a few days before the Air Force issued the final version of its first Roswell report, Clinton responded in a prepared speech to a child's letter about Roswell during a trip to Northern Ireland. Clinton said that as far as he knew \"an alien spacecraft did not crash in Roswell, New Mexico,\" but then added, \"If the United States Air Force did recover alien bodies, they didn't tell me about it, either, and I want to know.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920326232910156, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th ..." }, { "answer": "Roswell, NM", "passage": "Orb includes tracks entitled \"Majestic\" and \"Blue Room\". \"Area 51\" is the name of a track by British techno outfit Eat Static.In \"Morangos com A�ucar\"- on portuguese television- a series of episodes where shot in Roswell, NM. The plot occurs in 2005, and a second wave of alien incidents emerges. The sons and daughters of the 1947 aliens come to Earth looking for revenge. The highlight of the series is when the Portuguese army comes to rescue the USA-army from the invasion, and kicks out the aliens out of this galaxy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.861801147460938, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell UFO Incident - July 1947 - Connections to July 4th ..." }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "One morning around Independence Day 1947, about 75 miles from the town of Roswell, New Mexico , a rancher named Mac Brazel found something unusual in his sheep pasture: a mess of metallic sticks held together with tape; chunks of plastic and foil reflectors; and scraps of a heavy, glossy, paper-like material. Unable to identify the strange objects, Brazel called Roswell’s sheriff. The sheriff, in turn, called officials at the nearby Roswell Army Air Force base. Soldiers fanned out across Brazel’s field, gathering the mysterious debris and whisking it away in armored trucks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.019545555114746, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Roswell, N.M.", "passage": "The 1947 UFO controversy of Roswell, N.M. is like a bad penny: It keeps turning up.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.477018356323242, "source": "search", "title": "Roswell UFO Crash: There Were 2 Crashes, Not 1, Says Ex ..." }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "According to much widely held public opinion, the United States government successfully recovered the remains of a crashed UFO along with its extraterrestrial occupants near Roswell, New Mexico, in July 1947. In what is now known as the “the Roswell incident,” the U.S. military is said to have quickly covered up the affair and continues to shroud it in extreme secrecy even today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.235561370849609, "source": "search", "title": "What Really Happened at Roswell - CSI" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "Roswell Conspiracy - What really happened over the summer in 1947 in Roswell, New Mexico. People have debated this topic countless times. Despite all of the deviations of what happened, there is a general timeline. Sometime during the months of June and July 1947, an aircraft landed in Mac Brazel’s ranch; Brazel proceeded to tell Sheriff George Wilcox. He sent a member of the Roswell Army Air Field base to look at the wreckage on Brazel’s ranch. This person took some of the debris back to the base for further inspection....   [tags: History, Spaceship, Cover up]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6856584548950195, "source": "search", "title": "Free roswell incident Essays and Papers - 123helpme.com" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "The Roswell Ufo Crash - The Roswell UFO Crash In 1947 a UFO was seen near the town of Roswell, New Mexico. It was witnessed by many of the residents and was described as something not of this planet. The government denies any evidence of this event occurring and has covered it up for may years. Now that more information has become available to the public, it is clear that something extraordinary happened. The town of Roswell, New Mexico was the location of many UFO sightings in the later 1940's and was supposedly the location of a secret military base....   [tags: essays research papers]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.247227191925049, "source": "search", "title": "Free roswell incident Essays and Papers - 123helpme.com" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "Roswell Speech - In the summer of 1947 a series of puzzling events took place at Roswell, New Mexico. In the early days of July one of the influential and concrete UFO cases of all time evolved. It is not exactly known what took place due to various military and government cover-up campaigns. My proposition is that extra-terrestrial entities and their craft were found in the desert near Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. There are 3 main points which will prove that this event took place. 1st: There were many eyewitness accounts of the incedent....   [tags: essays research papers]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.746667861938477, "source": "search", "title": "Free roswell incident Essays and Papers - 123helpme.com" }, { "answer": "Roswell, New Mexico", "passage": "Nothing of Importance Happened Today - Nothing of Importance Happened Today On July 4, 1776, King George III of Great Britain wrote in his diary: “Nothing of Importance Happened Today”. Due to the length of time it took for news to reach London from America, King George could not have foreseen how ironic those words would become. The same could be said of those involved in the events surrounding the crash of an airborne object in Roswell, New Mexico on a hot July night in 1947. HOW IT BEGAN: A Crash in Roswell, New Mexico ON-THE-SCENE EYEWITNESSES DESCRIBE CRASH AND UNUSUAL WRECKAGE On the night of July 4, 1947, William Woody, who lived east of Roswell, was outside with his father at their ranch, when they saw a brilliant fi...   [tags: History Great Britain England Papers]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.15203857421875, "source": "search", "title": "Free roswell incident Essays and Papers - 123helpme.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the St. Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, in 1904. Historians generally emphasize the prominence of themes of race and empire, and the fair's long-lasting impact on intellectuals in the fields of history, art history, architecture and anthropology. From the point of view of the memory of the average person who attended the fair, it primarily promoted entertainment, consumer goods and popular culture. ", "precise_score": 3.891533851623535, "rough_score": 5.266924858093262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "In 1904, St. Louis hosted a World's Fair to celebrate the centennial of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. It was delayed from a planned opening in 1903 to 1904, to allow for full-scale participation by more states and foreign countries. The Fair opened April 30, 1904, and closed December 1, 1904. St. Louis had held an annual St. Louis Exposition since the 1880s as agricultural, trade, and scientific exhibitions, but this event was not held in 1904, due to the World's Fair. ", "precise_score": 5.293117046356201, "rough_score": 8.312261581420898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The Fair hosted the 1904 Summer Olympic Games, the first Olympics held in the United States. These games had originally been awarded to Chicago, but when St. Louis threatened to hold a rival international competition, the games were relocated. Nonetheless, the sporting events, spread out over several months, were overshadowed by the Fair. With travel expenses high, many European athletes did not come, nor did modern Olympics founder Baron Pierre de Coubertin.", "precise_score": 2.217104911804199, "rough_score": -0.4194819927215576, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "ST. LOUIS, Mo., Jan. 10. -- The convention convened here by the Governor of Missouri by unanimous vote selected St. Louis as the place for holding the World's Fair in the Winter of 1903 to celebrate the Louisiana purchase. Fourteen States and Territories of the seventeen in the Louisiana purchase district were represented.", "precise_score": 8.513318061828613, "rough_score": 6.779594898223877, "source": "search", "title": "A WORLD'S FAIR IN 1903. - Article - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember", "precise_score": 1.840151071548462, "rough_score": 1.3087050914764404, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "Built on over 1,200 acres in the heart of St. Louis, it was the largest fair ever held. With its immense architecture, broad boulevards, curved bridges and landscaped water vistas, the beauty of the Fair was unmatched! For 7 months in the summer of 1904, the city of St. Louis became the “World’s University.” The Fair offered its students an opportunity to learn first hand about the wonders and the cultures far removed from their everyday lives.", "precise_score": 1.8996723890304565, "rough_score": 5.613231182098389, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "  -->   Well, in early 1902, time was tight to build these giant exhibit halls (called Palaces ).  The 1904 World's Fair managers (the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company) decided to follow the lead of other World's Fairs.  They designed and built most of the large buildings to be temporary structures .  By agreement with the city of St. Louis, one large building would be built to be permanent:  the Palace of Art (see picture below) is now the St. Louis Art Museum.  The temporary buildings were built on a framework of wood, and covered with a material called staff , which was formed into columns, statuary, walls, stairs, etc.  It could be easily repaired and patched (and often was).  After the Fair, the Fair's buildings were demolished, and all items and materials that could be salvaged and sold were \"recycled\" by the salvage company, the Chicago Home Wrecking Company.", "precise_score": -0.2634538412094116, "rough_score": 0.5934446454048157, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "When the world came to St. Louis in 1904, Forest Park served as the main fairgrounds for the great Fair. Today, the 1,300-acre park remains one of St. Louis’ premiere attractions and visitor destinations not only for its World’s Fair heritage, but for the treasure trove of free attraction within it.", "precise_score": 1.9368096590042114, "rough_score": 3.035529136657715, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The Missouri History Museum’s continuing exhibit, “1904 World’s Fair: Looking Back at Looking Forward,” showcases the people, entertainment, food, and the many objects, artworks and examples of technology that were on view in St. Louis during the seven magical months that the Fair was open.", "precise_score": 2.2345151901245117, "rough_score": 0.5645299553871155, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "In addition to hosting the Fair, St. Louis became the first American city to host the Olympic Games. The 1904 games were held at Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis, just west of the World’s Fair grounds in Forest Park. Drive by the athletic field and gymnasium, still in use today by the university, which held the majority of the track and field events. Francis Gymnasium and Francis Field, both used as venues during the 1904 Olympics, are named for David Rowland Francis, an 1870 graduate of Washington University, governor of Missouri, president of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company (1904 World’s Fair), and U.S. ambassador to Russia.", "precise_score": 1.8847886323928833, "rough_score": 6.266512870788574, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "Among the interesting exhibits at the 1904 World’s Fair was the log cabin home hand-built by 18th U.S. President and Civil War general Ulysses S. Grant. Just as Fairgoers did in 1904, modern day group visitors to St. Louis can view the cabin which is the only house still standing that was hand-built and occupied by a U.S. president. At the time of the Fair, the home had been moved from its original St. Louis County location and brought to the fairgrounds. After the Fair, Grant’s Cabin was purchased by Adolphus Busch (of Anheuser-Busch brewing fame) who was an admirer of Grant. Busch moved it to his property on Gravois Road that was once owned by Grant’s in-laws. The land is now part of the Grant’s Farm animal preserve which is operated as a free family attraction by Anheuser-Busch.", "precise_score": 1.5312756299972534, "rough_score": -0.2475719004869461, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "*1904 - St. Louis, United States - Louisiana Purchase Exposition (also called Louisiana Purchase International Exposition and Olympic Games ): 1904 Summer Olympics", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.703389167785645, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of world's fairs" }, { "answer": "St Louis", "passage": "*1953 - St Louis, United States - intended to commemorate the Louisiana Purchase's sesquicentennial, but never held", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.61577033996582, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of world's fairs" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "Exhibits were staged by approximately 50 foreign nations, the United States government, and 43 of the then-45 U.S. states. These featured industries, cities, private organizations and corporations, theater troupes, and music schools. There were also over 50 concession-type amusements found on \"The Pike\"; they provided educational and scientific displays, exhibits and imaginary 'travel' to distant lands, history and local boosterism (including Louis Wollbrinck's \"Old St. Louis\") and pure entertainment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323862075805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "In 1901 the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Corporation selected prominent St. Louis architect Isaac S. Taylor as the Chairman of the Architectural Commission and Director of Works for the fair, supervising the overall design and construction. Taylor quickly appointed Emmanuel Louis Masqueray to be his Chief of Design. In the position for three years, Masqueray designed the following Fair buildings: Palace of Agriculture, the Cascades and Colonnades, Palace of Forestry, Fish, and Game, Palace of Horticulture and Palace of Transportation, all of which were widely emulated in civic projects across the United States as part of the City Beautiful movement. Masqueray resigned shortly after the Fair opened in 1904, having been invited by Archbishop John Ireland of St. Paul, Minnesota to design a new cathedral for the city.[4]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.083590030670166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "Florence Hayward, a successful freelance writer in St. Louis in the 1900s was determined to play a role in the World's Fair. She negotiated a position on the otherwise all-male Board of Commissioners. Hayward learned that one of the potential contractors for the fair was not reputable and warned the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company (LPEC). In exchange for this information, she requested an appointment as roving commissioner to Europe. David R. Francis, LPEC president, made the appointment and allowed Hayward to travel overseas to promote the fair, especially to women. The fair also had a Board of Lady Managers (BLM) who felt they had jurisdiction over women's activities at the fair and objected to Hayward's appointment without their knowledge. Despite this, Hayward set out for England in 1902. Hayward's most notable contribution to the fair was acquiring gifts Queen Victoria received for her Golden Jubilee and other historical items, including manuscripts from the Vatican. These items were all to be shown in exhibits at the fair. Pleased with her success in Europe, David R. Francis put her in charge of historical exhibits in the anthropology division, which had originally been assigned to Pierre Chouteau III. Despite being the only woman on the Board of Commissioners, creating successful anthropological exhibits, publicizing the fair, and acquiring significant exhibit items, Hayward's role in the fair was not acknowledged. When David R. Francis published a history of the fair in 1913, he did not mention Hayward's contributions and she never forgave the slight. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2726528644561768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "As many people were curious about this up and coming city, many reporters and photographs attended the World Fair to document and understand the city. What they found was nothing like anyone else could have imagined. Still as a relatively new city, the streets were buzzing with activity, with many of its citizens constantly on the \"go\" and the streets \"crowded with activity\". It is recorded that, at this time, St. Louis had more energy in its streets than any other Northern Street did. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.224186897277832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "With more and more people interested in the city, St. Louis government and architects were primarily concerned with their ports and access to the city. Though transportation by water had always been important to the city (St. Louis had originated as a trading post), it was becoming even more important that the port be open, but efficient for all visitors. It also needed to show off some of the city's flair and excitement, which is why in many photographs one sees photos of St. Louis' skyscrapers in the background. In addition to a functioning port, the Eads bridge was constructed, which was considered one of St. Louis' \"sights\". 1627 feet long, it connected Missouri and Illinois. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379560470581055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The Palace of Fine Art, designed by architect Cass Gilbert, featured a grand interior sculpture court based on the Roman Baths of Caracalla. Standing at the top of Art Hill, it now serves as the home of the St. Louis Art Museum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3845853805542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The observation tower erected by the American DeForest Wireless Telegraph Company was purchased by Charles N. Rix, a banker from Hot Springs, Arkansas, who moved it to the summit of Hot Springs Mountain. Renamed the Rix Tower, it reopened to the public on its new location in 1906. Dismantling and reassembling the tower, however, proved to be its worst enemy (it had previously been moved once before, to St. Louis from Buffalo, New York); it was eventually demolished in 1975 due to instability almost certainly caused by being relocated twice. A more modern tower would later be built on the site in 1983.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8845853805542, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The fair inspired the song \"Meet Me in St. Louis, Louis\", which was recorded by many artists, including Billy Murray. Both the fair and the song are focal points of the 1944 feature film Meet Me in St. Louis starring Judy Garland, which also inspired a Broadway musical version. Scott Joplin wrote the rag \"Cascades\" in honor of the elaborate waterfalls in front of Festival Hall.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.718174934387207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The poet T. S. Eliot, who was born and raised in St. Louis, Missouri, visited the Igorot Village held in the Philippine Exposition section of the St. Louis World's Fair. Several months after the closing of the World's Fair, he published a short story entitled \"The Man Who Was King\" in the school magazine of Smith Academy, St. Louis, Missouri that he was attending. Inspired by the ganza dance which the Igorot people presented regularly in the Village and their reaction to civilization, the poet explored the interaction of a white man with an island culture. Interestingly, all this predates the poet's delving into the anthropological studies during his Harvard graduate years. Narita, Tatsushi, T. S. Eliot and His Youth as 'A Literary Columbus', Nagoya: Kougaku Shuppan, 2011: pp. 15–20, 29–33.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.915085792541504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical Reading Room (Serial and Government Publications Division, Library of Congress)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.321671485900879, "source": "search", "title": "St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical ..." }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "[Try the following terms in combination, proximity, or as phrases using Search Pages in Chronicling America.] St. Louis World’s Fair, 1904 World’s Fair, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the “Pike”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.732037305831909, "source": "search", "title": "St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical ..." }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "\" National Comission Goes Over Fair Site ,\" St. Louis Republic (St. Louis, MO), June 27, 1901, Page 1, Image 1, col. 3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.798889636993408, "source": "search", "title": "St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical ..." }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "\" President McKinley Issues World's Fair Proclamation ,\" St. Louis Republic (St. Louis, MO), August 22, 1901, Page 1, Image 1, col. 4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6706767082214355, "source": "search", "title": "St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical ..." }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "\" Postponed at St. Louis ,\" Minneapolis Journal (Minneapolis, MN), January 17, 1902, Page 1, Image 1, col. 4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11107349395752, "source": "search", "title": "St. Louis world's fair - Newspaper and Current Periodical ..." }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. Louis World Fair)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5738637447357178, "source": "search", "title": "world's fair spoons - Spoon Planet" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.803376317024231, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 was by all accounts the most beautiful, educational and exciting of all the international exhibitions of global culture ever presented. The world was at peace and technology promised a future beyond all imagination. 62 nations and 43 states brought their treasures and their civilizations to St. Louis to display and demonstrate humanity's advancements since the Louisiana Purchase.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.264395713806152, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The Fair planners celebrated a glorious past, acknowledged the accomplishments of the present and offered a glimpse into the possibilities of the future. The people of St. Louis put everything they had into celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase, and the result was the most spectacular World’s Fair ever created.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.240596294403076, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "A great deal of the Fair’s success is due to the extensive planning. The Exposition Company was created to coordinate the preparations, but the entire population of St. Louis worked toward the great event. Arrangements had to be made for such things as transportation, sanitation, fire protection and security. They needed hotels, restaurants, services and supplies for millions of additional people. The incredible physical effort of erecting the buildings, carving the lagoons and building the roads, sewers and power plants is to be marveled at in itself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.684171676635742, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis, well known as a musical city, paid special attention to planning music of every variety. There were daily organ concerts in Festival Hall. The official Exposition Symphony Orchestra, under the direction of internationally famous conductors, performed popular concerts in the Tyrolean Alps. A choral group of nearly 3000 sang for special occasions. Every section of the fairgrounds featured outdoor concerts with music from a variety of internationally famous bands. John Philip Sousas’s celebrated group was a Fair favorite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.876849174499512, "source": "search", "title": "1904 St. Louis World's Fair - A Fair to Remember" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "More than 100 sculptors produced over 1,000 major sculptures for the Fair buildings and grounds. They included the equestrian Statue of St. Louis IX titled \"The Apotheosis of St. Louis\". This beautiful monument was recast in bronze after the Fair and given to the City of", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.789341926574707, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "purchased what is now called the \"Bird Cage\" after the Fair, and this display helped provide the impetus to establish a St. Louis Zoo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.846758842468262, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259114265441895, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": ", and also helped to lay the foundation for future advances in the sciences. Today, the Fair is still held close to the hearts of most St. Louisans as they fondly remember \"The Greatest Fair Ever\"!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.019651889801025, "source": "search", "title": "WF_Overview - Charter" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.110445499420166, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "It is fitting that the tour starts at the Gateway Arch – the internationally recognized symbol of St. Louis, Thomas Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase, and subsequent westward expansion of the nation. Groups can take the popular tram ride to the top of the 630-feet-tall monument for amazing views of the majestic Mississippi River and all of St. Louis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12666130065918, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "Visitors can walk in the footsteps of fairgoers at the Saint Louis Art Museum, the only permanent exhibition facility built for the 1904 “Meet Me in St. Louis” World’s Fair. As it did in 1904, the museum houses masterpieces and ancient artifacts reflecting thousands of years of human culture from around the world. Words engraved above the main entrance to the museum read: Dedicated to Art and Free to All. The Saint Louis Art Museum’s permanent collection is open to the public free of charge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.508106231689453, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "The magnitude and pageantry of the Fair sometimes overshadowed the event it was staged to commemorate – the centennial of the signing of the Louisiana Purchase and the consequent exploration of the new territory by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. At the Missouri History Museum, also located within Forest Park, groups can see the original Louisiana Purchase Transfer Document that formalized the transfer of the Upper Louisiana Territory from Spain to France to the United States on March 9 and 10, 1804 in St. Louis. A map of the Louisiana Purchase territory that traces Lewis & Clark’s Corps of Discovery route is etched in the stone walkway at the museum’s north entry. Galleries within the museum also include artifacts from the Lewis & Clark journey and the rest of Clark’s life in St. Louis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.757767677307129, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "9. St. Louis Union Station", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.454656600952148, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "To get to the fair, thousands traveled to the city by train, and they were greeted by a stunning architectural gem in St. Louis Union Station. Today, the National Historic Landmark has been beautifully restored and redeveloped as a festival marketplace of specialty shops, restaurants and a luxury hotel. Union Station provides self-guided exhibits, including one on the World’s Fair that celebrates the station’s history since opening in 1894. Historic memorabilia is housed in display cases located throughout the station and within the free “Memories Museum.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.090515613555908, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "1. Central Library – St. Louis Public Library", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407354354858398, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" }, { "answer": "St. Louis", "passage": "Visit the century-old St. Louis Public Library , a magnificent building designed by world-famous architect Cass Gilbert in 1912 and restored for its 100th anniversary. Known as Central Library, it is one of 16 branches in the St. Louis Public Library system. The building’s classic beauty, now complemented with 21st century technology means visitors can find information about the 1904 World’s Fair, Civil War battle maps, learn a new language or create their own high-quality recording.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.938943386077881, "source": "search", "title": "All the World's A Fair - Explore St. Louis" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby was born Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. in Tacoma, Washington, the fourth of seven children of Catherine Helen \"Kate\" (Harrigan) and Harry Lowe Crosby, a brewery bookkeeper. He was of English and Irish descent. Crosby studied law at Gonzaga University in Spokane but was more interested in playing the drums and singing with a local band. Bing and the band's piano player, Al Rinker , left Spokane for Los Angeles in 1925. In the early 1930s Bing's brother Everett sent a record of Bing singing \"I Surrender, Dear\" to the president of CBS. His live performances from New York were carried over the national radio network for 20 consecutive weeks in 1932. His radio success led Paramount Pictures to include him in The Big Broadcast (1932), a film featuring radio favorites. His songs about not needing a bundle of money to make life happy was the right message for the decade of the Great Depression. His relaxed, low-key style carried over into the series of \"Road\" comedies he made with pal Bob Hope . He won the best actor Oscar for playing an easygoing priest in Going My Way (1944). He showed that he was indeed an actor as well as a performer when he played an alcoholic actor down on his luck opposite Grace Kelly in The Country Girl (1954). Playing golf was what he liked to do best. He died at age 74 playing golf at a course outside Madrid, Spain, after completing a tour of England that had included a sold-out engagement at the London Palladium.", "precise_score": 0.6864796876907349, "rough_score": 1.2599300146102905, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby", "precise_score": 2.270691394805908, "rough_score": 2.2221310138702393, "source": "search", "title": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby (1903-1977) was one of the best-loved show business personalities of his time. He set a crooning style which was imitated for years, recorded over 1,600 songs, had his own radio show for over 20 years, starred in over 60 films, and made many guest appearances and specials for television.", "precise_score": 4.190155982971191, "rough_score": 7.327469348907471, "source": "search", "title": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "He was christened Harry Lillis Crosby at birth, but was dubbed Bing while in grade school. According to his autobiography, he was an avid fan of a comic strip called \"The Bingville Bugle\" which appeared in one of the Spokane Sunday newspapers. Friends noticed that, like a number of characters in this strip, the young Crosby had large ears and took to calling him \"Bingo\" which in time was shortened to Bing. Publicity material issued during the 1930s, however, asserted that his name came from the fact that when he played cowboys and Indians as a child he shouted \"bing\" instead of \"bang.\"", "precise_score": 1.338660478591919, "rough_score": 3.1772429943084717, "source": "search", "title": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Net Worth is $50 Million. Bing Crosby is Singer | Actor | Golfer | Singer-songwriter | Film Producer | Entrepreneur. Bing Crosby Date of Birth is 1903-05-03. Bing Crosby Nickname is Bing Cosby, Bing Cropsby, Bong Crosby, Bin Crosby, Harry Lillis Crosby, The old groaner, Der Bingle, Harry, Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby, Bing Crosby & Family. Bing Crosby Height is 1.7 m. Bing Crosby Ethnicity is Irish American, English American. Bing Crosby Country is Tacoma. Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby, Jr. was an American singer and actor. Crosby's trademark bass-baritone voice made him one of the best-selling recording artists of the 20th century, with over half a billion records in circulation.", "precise_score": 1.6923896074295044, "rough_score": -0.19715037941932678, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy", "precise_score": 4.172125816345215, "rough_score": 8.279693603515625, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr.", "precise_score": 4.228111743927002, "rough_score": 6.032585620880127, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Catherine Helen Crosby", "precise_score": 5.0427398681640625, "rough_score": 4.914169788360596, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Born Harry Lillis Crosby in Tacoma, Washington, on May 2, 1903 (although there is some dispute about the year, which is also variously stated as 1901 and 1904), he was one of seven children, all of whom were given music lessons by their musically inclined parents (one brother, Bob Crosby, later earned fame and fortune as a band-leader in the 1930s and 1940s). While he was still a boy the family moved to Spokane, Washington, where he grew up, graduating from a Jesuit high school in 1920 and for a while attending the Jesuit Gonzaga University.", "precise_score": 2.263903856277466, "rough_score": 6.678208827972412, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "He was christened Harry Lillis Crosby at birth, but was dubbed Bing while in grade school. According to his autobiography, he was an avid fan of a comic strip called \"The Bingville Bugle\" which appeared in one of the Spokane Sunday newspapers. Friends noticed that, like a number of characters in this strip, the young Crosby had large ears and took to calling him \"Bingo\" which in time was shortened to Bing. Publicity material issued during the 1930s, however, asserted that his name came from the fact that when he played cowboys and Indians as a child he shouted \"bing\" instead of \"bang.\"", "precise_score": 1.338660478591919, "rough_score": 3.1772429943084717, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy", "precise_score": 3.766800880432129, "rough_score": 5.976664066314697, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Olive Kathryn Crosby (born Grandstaff)", "precise_score": 4.979617118835449, "rough_score": 5.636348247528076, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, <Private> Crosby (born Grant)", "precise_score": 4.068857192993164, "rough_score": 5.725982189178467, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Olive Kathryn Crosby (born Grandstaff)", "precise_score": 4.979617118835449, "rough_score": 5.636348247528076, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby III (born August 8, 1958) is an American actor, singer, and investment banker.", "precise_score": 5.583909511566162, "rough_score": 7.279849052429199, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Harry Lillis Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III's Timeline", "precise_score": 2.987243175506592, "rough_score": 4.78546667098999, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "In 1923, Crosby was invited to join a new band composed of high school students a few years younger than himself. Al Rinker, Miles Rinker, James Heaton, Claire Pritchard and Robert Pritchard, along with drummer Crosby, formed the Musicaladers, who performed at dances both for high school students and club-goers. The group did perform on Spokane radio station KHQ, but disbanded after two years. Crosby and Al Rinker then obtained work at the Clemmer Theatre in Spokane (now known as the Bing Crosby Theater). Crosby was initially a member of a vocal trio called 'The Three Harmony Aces' with Al Rinker accompanying on piano from the pit, to entertain between the films. Bing and Al continued at the Clemmer Theatre for several months often with three other men - Wee Georgie Crittenden, Frank McBride and Lloyd Grinnell - and they were billed as 'The Clemmer Trio' or 'The Clemmer Entertainers' depending which men were used. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.751211166381836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "The June 18, 1945, issue of Life magazine stated: \"America's number one star, Bing Crosby, has won more fans, made more money than any entertainer in history. Today he is a kind of national institution.\" They also state: \"In all, 60,000,000 Crosby disks have been marketed since he made his first record in 1931. His biggest best seller is White Christmas, 2,000,000 impressions of which have been sold in the U.S. and 250,000 in Great Britain.\" They go on to say: \"Nine out of ten singers and bandleaders listen to Crosby's broadcasts each Thursday night and follow his lead. The day after he sings a song over the air - any song - some 50,000 copies of it are sold throughout the U.S. Time and again Crosby has taken some new or unknown ballad, has given it what is known in trade circles as the \"big goose\" and made it a hit single-handed and overnight.\" and \"Precisely what the future holds for Crosby neither his family nor his friends can conjecture. He has achieved greater popularity, made more money, attracted vaster audiences than any other entertainer in history. And his star is still in the ascendant. His contract with Decca runs until 1955. His contract with Paramount runs until 1954. Records which he made ten years ago are selling better than ever before. The nation's appetite for Crosby's voice and personality appears insatiable. To soldiers overseas and to foreigners he has become a kind of symbol of America, of the amiable, humorous citizen of a free land. Crosby, however, seldom bothers to contemplate his future. For one thing, he enjoys hearing himself sing, and if ever a day should dawn when the public wearies of him, he will complacently go right on singing - to himself.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.14285659790039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "The biggest hit song of Crosby's career was his recording of Irving Berlin's \"White Christmas\", which he first introduced on a Christmas Day radio broadcast in 1941. (A copy of the recording from the radio program is owned by the estate of Bing Crosby and was loaned to CBS Sunday Morning for their December 25, 2011, program.) The song then appeared soon after in his 1942 movie Holiday Inn. Crosby's recording hit the charts on October 3, 1942, and rose to No. 1 on October 31, where it stayed for 11 weeks. A holiday perennial, the song was repeatedly re-released by Decca, charting another 16 times. It topped the charts again in 1945, and for a third time in January 1947. The song remains the best-selling single of all time. According to Guinness World Records, Crosby's recording of \"White Christmas\" has \"sold over 100 million copies around the world, with at least 50 million sales as singles\". Crosby's recording was so popular that he was obliged to re-record it in 1947 using the same musicians and backup singers; the original 1942 master had become damaged due to its frequent use in pressing additional singles. Though the two versions are very similar, it is the 1947 recording which is most familiar today. After Crosby's death in 1977, the song was re-released and reached the No.5 position in the UK Singles Chart in December 1977. Typically, in his usual modest way, Crosby was dismissive of his role in the song's success, saying later that \"a jackdaw with a cleft palate could have sung it successfully.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.382170677185059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Productions, affiliated with Desilu Studios and later CBS Television Studios, produced a number of television series, including Crosby's own unsuccessful ABC sitcom The Bing Crosby Show in the 1964–1965 season (with co-stars Beverly Garland and Frank McHugh). The company produced two ABC medical dramas, Ben Casey (1961–1966) and Breaking Point (1963–1964), the popular Hogan's Heroes (1965–1971) military comedy on CBS, as well as the lesser-known show Slattery's People (1964–1965). Another show that Crosby Productions produced was the game show Beat the Odds.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.771702766418457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Though Crosby did want more time to tend to his other business and leisure activities, he also sought better quality through recording, including being able to eliminate mistakes and control the timing of his show performances. Because his own Bing Crosby Enterprises produced the show, he could purchase the latest and best sound equipment and arrange the microphones his way; the logistics of microphone placement had long been a hotly debated issue in every recording studio since the beginning of the electrical era. No longer would he have to wear the hated toupee on his head previously required by CBS and NBC for his live audience shows (he preferred a hat). He could also record short promotions for his latest investment, the world's first frozen orange juice, sold under the brand name Minute Maid. This investment allowed Crosby to make more money by finding a loophole whereby the IRS couldn't tax him at a 77% rate. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.239479064941406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "However, Murdo MacKenzie of Bing Crosby Enterprises had seen a demonstration of the German Magnetophon in June 1947—the same device that Jack Mullin had brought back from Radio Frankfurt, along with 50 reels of tape, at the end of the war. It was one of the magnetic tape recorders that BASF and AEG had built in Germany starting in 1935. The 6.5mm ferric-oxide-coated tape could record 20 minutes per reel of high-quality sound. Alexander M. Poniatoff ordered his Ampex company, which he'd founded in 1944, to manufacture an improved version of the Magnetophone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.356473922729492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Crosby continued to finance the development of videotape. Bing Crosby Enterprises (BCE), gave the world's first demonstration of videotape recording in Los Angeles on November 11, 1951. Developed by John T. Mullin and Wayne R. Johnson since 1950, the device aired what were described as \"blurred and indistinct\" images, using a modified Ampex 200 tape recorder and standard quarter-inch (6.3 mm) audio tape moving at 360 inches (9.1 m) per second. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.785733222961426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "The Binglin Stable partnership came to an end in 1953 as a result of a liquidation of assets by Crosby, who needed to raise enough funds to pay the hefty federal and state inheritance taxes on his deceased wife's estate. The Bing Crosby Breeders' Cup Handicap at Del Mar Racetrack is named in his honor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.970171928405762, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Crosby was also an avid golfer, and in 1978, he and Bob Hope were voted the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship. He is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. In 1937, Bing Crosby hosted the first National Pro-Am Golf Championship, the 'Crosby Clambake' as it was popularly known, at Rancho Santa Fe Golf Club in Rancho Santa Fe, California, the event's location prior to World War II. Sam Snead won the first tournament, in which the first place check was for $500. After the war, the event resumed play in 1947 on golf courses in Pebble Beach, where it has been played ever since. Now the AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am, it has been a leading event in the world of professional golf.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.542459487915039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "However, the Bing Crosby website asserts that late in his life, Gary claimed that he made up large portions of the book in an attempt to blame his irresponsible life decisions on his father. The website says:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20073413848877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Calypso musician Roaring Lion wrote a tribute song in 1939 entitled \"Bing Crosby\", in which he wrote: \"Bing has a way of singing with his very heart and soul / Which captivates the world / His millions of listeners never fail to rejoice / At his golden voice ...\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.557726860046387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Stadium in Front Royal, Virginia was named after Crosby in honor of his fundraising efforts and direct cash contributions for its construction in the 1948 to 1950 timeframe. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.495706558227539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby in lyrics of popular songs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1891450881958, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "#Inka Dinka Doo (Jimmy Durante “that note was given to me by Bing Crosby”)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.637062072753906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "#When You Were Sweet Sixteen (Judy Garland version “I decided to join a monastery and would have too if it had not been for Bing Crosby”)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.609537124633789, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "# \"You're Just a Beautiful Melody of Love\" (1932), lyrics by Bing Crosby, music by Babe Goldberg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945708274841309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "# \"Where Are You, Girl of My Dreams?\" (1932), written by Bing Crosby, Irving Bibo, and Paul McVey, featured in the 1932 Universal film The Cohens and Kellys in Hollywood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.287873268127441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "# \"Tenderfoot\" (1953) with Bob Bowen and Perry Botkin, originally issued using the pseudonym of \"Bill Brill\" for Bing Crosby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.204814910888672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Four performances by Bing Crosby have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, which is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old and that have \"qualitative or historical significance\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.434918403625488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* 15 Minutes with Bing Crosby (1931, CBS), Unsponsored. 6 nights a week, 15 minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278648376464844, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* 15 Minutes with Bing Crosby (1932, CBS), initially 3 nights a week, then twice a week, 15 minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26057243347168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* Bing Crosby Entertains (1933–1935, CBS), weekly, 30 minutes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243242263793945, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* Bing Crosby on Armed Forces Radio in World War II (1941–1945; World War II). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.096247673034668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* This Is Bing Crosby (The Minute Maid Show) (1948–1950, CBS), 15 minutes each weekday morning; Bing as disc jockey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16020679473877, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* The Bing Crosby – Chesterfield Show (1949–1952, CBS), 30 minutes weekly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.138944625854492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* The Bing Crosby Show for General Electric (1952–1954, CBS), 30 minutes weekly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21957778930664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* The Bing Crosby Show (1954-1956) (CBS), 15 minutes, 5 nights a week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.181930541992188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* The Ford Road Show Featuring Bing Crosby (1957–1958, CBS), 5 minutes, 5 days a week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.130250930786133, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "* The Bing Crosby – Rosemary Clooney Show (1960–1962, CBS), 20 minutes, 5 mornings a week, with Rosemary Clooney.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80839729309082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bing Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374524116516113, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242114067077637, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Star of CBS Radio's \"The Bing Crosby Show\" (1954-1956).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.940789222717285, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Star of CBS Radio's \"The Bing Crosby Chesterfield Show\" (1949-1952). When Chesterfield left, General Electric took over as sponsor for 1953 and 1954.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94071102142334, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "His last TV appearance was in Bing Crosby's Merrie Olde Christmas (1977) which was taped in London and broadcast, after his death, in the USA on 30 November 1977, and in the United Kingdom on 24 December 1977. This show has also been made available on commercial video. It is memorable for Crosby and David Bowie singing a duet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.055916786193848, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "The Met Theater in downtown Spokane, Washington, where he was raised and performed (with the Musicaladers) as a young man in 1925, was renamed the Bing Crosby Theater on December 8, 2006. The Met was built in 1915. Bing was also a giving donor to the city's Gonzaga University.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.462656021118164, "source": "search", "title": "Biography of Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby was born in Tacoma, Washington, on May 2, 1903 (although there is some dispute about the year, which is also variously stated as 1901 and 1904). He was one of seven children, all of whom were given music lessons by their musically inclined parents (one brother, Bob Crosby, later earned fame and fortune as a band-leader in the 1930s and 1940s). While he was still a boy the family moved to Spokane, Washington, where he grew up, graduating from a Jesuit high school in 1920 and for a while attending the Jesuit Gonzaga University.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.591388702392578, "source": "search", "title": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby was married twice. The first time, in 1930, was to the actress-singer Dixie Lee, who died of cancer in 1952. They had four sons--Gary (born 1934), Dennis and Phillip (born 1935), and Lindsay (born 1938). In 1957 Crosby married actress-starlet Kathryn Grant who was some 30 years younger than him. They had two boys (H. L. Crosby, Jr., born 1958, and Nathaniel, born 1961) and a girl (Mary, born 1959). Crosby died as the result of a massive heart attack on October 14th, 1977, while playing golf on a course in Spain. He is buried in Los Angeles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.123508453369141, "source": "search", "title": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby's autobiography is Call Me Lucky (1953). His second wife, Kathryn Crosby, has written an interesting memoir, Bing and Other Things (1967). The authorized biography is by Charles Thompson (1976). Other friendly biographies are by Bob Thomas (1978) and Barry Ulanov (1948). Gary Giddins wrote a biography of Crosby using previously rare, unpublished documents never before used by biographers. His biography, Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams; The Early Years, 1903-1940, was published in 2001. Crosby's son Gary also published a biography of his father, Going My Own Way (1983), and Kathryn Crosby released another memoir, My Life with Bing (1983). A quick once over of the films is by Robert Bookbinder (1977). Donald Shepherd and Robert L. Slatzer, Bing Crosby: The Hollow Man is an unfriendly biography (1981).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.318157196044922, "source": "search", "title": "Paper-Research: Bio of Harry Lillis Crosby" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.626579761505127, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242114067077637, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Net Worth is $50 Million. Bing Crosby is Singer | Actor | Golfer | Singer-songwriter | Film Producer | Entrepreneur. Bing Crosby Date of Birth is 1903-05-03. Bing Crosby Nickname is Bing Cosby, Bing Cropsby, Bong Crosby, Bin Crosby, Harry Lillis Crosby, The old groane...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.245193958282471, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Net Worth is $50 Million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508968353271484, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "A multimedia star, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings, and motion picture grosses. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations; this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como,Frank Sinatra, and Dean Martin. Yank magazine recognized Crosby as the person who had done the most for American G.I. morale during World War II and, during his peak years, around 1948, polls declared him the \"most admired man alive\", ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours alloc...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.184333801269531, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Net Worth - Bing Crosby Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "... reacted with shock and grief Friday to the death of singer Bing Crosby The entertainer instigator of the famed Bing's Clambake at Pebble...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.241753578186035, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "\"...on Crosby's career The Washington Post Bing Crosby who died of a heart attack in Madrid day was a show business phenomenon For years ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185990333557129, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "\"...Then waiting wives Bing Crosby rites burial held at dawn By Bob Thomas Associated Press Bing Crosby's relatives and close friends gat...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.047314643859863, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "\"...Classified BING CROSBY is on his way home today with private funeral ceremonies scheduled for Tuesday in Los Angeles Page FOR DRUNKS ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23873519897461, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "... informed sources said, United Press International reported. Crosby NEW YORK, Tuesday (AAP). — The body of Bing Crosby, who died suddenly...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.922524452209473, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "\"...for any other election except the 1972 campaign. Bing Crosby dies after golf Bins Crosby collapsed and died of a heart attack on a Sp...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33088493347168, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "... northern Italy, returned to their homes yesterday. OBITUARY Bing Crosby in 1935, 1946 and 1958. Birig Crosby and Mr Cesar de ... Zulucta...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.803192138671875, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "About Bing Crosby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290775299072266, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby was one of the biggest music and movie stars of the mid-20th century. His career stretched more than half a century from 1926 until his death in 1977. Crosby's unique bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist until well into the rock era, with over half a billion records in circulation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.625455856323242, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby was married twice. The first time, in 1930, was to the actress-singer Dixie Lee, who died of cancer in 1952. They had four sons - Gary (born 1934), Dennis and Phillip (born 1935), and Lindsay (born 1938). In 1957 Crosby married actress-starlet Kathryn Grant who was some 30 years younger than him. They had two boys (H. L. Crosby, Jr., born 1958, and Nathaniel, born 1961) and a girl (Mary, born 1959). Crosby died as the result of a massive heart attack on October 14th, 1977, while playing golf on a course in Spain. He is buried in Los Angeles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9169745445251465, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, Jr. (1903 - 1977) - Genealogy" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - Bing Crosby Net Worth", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7717993259429932, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.242114067077637, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Net Worth is $50 Million. Bing Crosby is Singer | Actor | Golfer | Singer-songwriter | Film Producer | Entrepreneur. Bing Crosby Date of Birth is 1903-05-03. Bing Crosby Nickname is Bing Cosby, Bing Cropsby, Bong Crosby, Bin Crosby, Harry Lillis Crosby, The old groane...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.245194435119629, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Net Worth is $50 Million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.5089693069458, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby Net Worth is $50 Million. Bing Crosby is Singer | Actor | Golfer | Singer-songwriter | Film Producer | Entrepreneur. Bing Crosby Date of Birth is 1903-05-03. Bing Crosby Nickname is Bing Cosby, Bing Cropsby, Bong Crosby, Bin Crosby, Harry Lillis Crosby, The old groaner, Der Bingle, Harry, Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby, Bing Crosby & Family. Bing Crosby Height is 1.7 m. Bing Crosby Ethnicity is Irish American, English American. Bing Crosby Country is Tacoma. Harry Lillis \"Bing\" Crosby, Jr. was an American singer and actor. Crosby's trademark bass-baritone voice made him one of the best-selling recording artists of the 20th century, with over half a billion records in circulation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.19715048372745514, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "A multimedia star, from 1934 to 1954 Bing Crosby was a leader in record sales, radio ratings, and motion picture grosses. His early career coincided with technical recording innovations; this allowed him to develop a laid-back, intimate singing style that influenced many of the popular male singers who followed him, including Perry Como,Frank Sinatra, and Dean Martin. Yank magazine recognized Crosby as the person who had done the most for American G.I. morale during World War II and, during his peak years, around 1948, polls declared him the \"most admired man alive\", ahead of Jackie Robinson and Pope Pius XII. Also in 1948, the Music Digest estimated that Crosby recordings filled more than half of the 80,000 weekly hours alloc...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.184334754943848, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis “Bing” Crosby Earnings - %name% Net Worth" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby, <Private> Crosby (born Grant)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10429859161377, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby, Ingrid Crosby (born Bergman)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.305656433105469, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Crosby was born in Hollywood, California, at Queen of Angels Hospital. He is the fifth son of actor and singer Bing Crosby, the eldest from Bing's second marriage to Kathryn Crosby (née Grandstaff). Harry is: the brother of Mary and Nathaniel Crosby; the half-brother of Gary, Dennis, Phillip and Lindsay Crosby; the uncle of Denise Crosby; the nephew of Bob Crosby and Larry Crosby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.796281337738037, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire: A Couple of Song and Dance Men (1975) (TV)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.834888458251953, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Bing Crosby", "passage": "A Bing Crosby Christmas (1998) (V)...Himself", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937173843383789, "source": "search", "title": "Harry Lillis Crosby, III - Genealogy - Geni.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "San Francisco Opera Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet is a ballet company, founded in 1933 as the San Francisco Opera Ballet under the leadership of ballet master Adolph Bolm. The company is currently based in the War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco, under the direction of Helgi Tomasson. San Francisco Ballet was the first professional ballet company in the United States. It is among the world's leading dance companies, presenting over 100 performances annually, with a repertoire that spans both classical and contemporary ballet. Along with American Ballet Theatre and the New York City Ballet, San Francisco Ballet has been described as part of the \"triumvirate of great classical companies defining the American style on the world stage today.\" ", "precise_score": 6.210481643676758, "rough_score": 5.797427654266357, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Helgi Tomasson’s 1985 arrival as artistic director marked the beginning of a new era for San Francisco Ballet. Under Tomasson’s direction, San Francisco Ballet has been recognized as one of the most innovative ballet companies in the world due to its early and frequent commissioning of new works by aspiring choreographers around the globe, the breadth of its repertory—spanning classical ballet, neoclassical ballet, and contemporary ballet—and the diversity of its company members. The Financial Times noted in 2012 that “Tomasson…helped shatter the distinction between the US top companies and so-called ‘regional companies.' ’’ ", "precise_score": 3.242827892303467, "rough_score": 4.917679309844971, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In 1991, San Francisco Ballet performed in New York City for the first time in 26 years, returning in 1993, 1995, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2008, and 2013. Following the initial tour, the New York Times proclaimed, “Mr. Tomasson has accomplished the unprecedented: He has pulled a so-called regional company into the national ranks, and he has done so by honing the dancers into a classical style of astonishing verve and purity. San Francisco Ballet under Helgi Tomasson’s leadership is one of the spectacular success stories of the arts in America.” ", "precise_score": 1.8700917959213257, "rough_score": 6.154148101806641, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet also performed in frequent overseas tours, including engagements at prestigious venues such as the famed Opéra de Paris-Palais Garnier in Paris (1994, 2001); London’s Sadler’s Wells Theatre (1999, 2004, 2012) and Royal Opera House in Covent Garden (2002); Athens’ Megaron Theatre (2002) and Herod Atticus Amphitheatre (2004); Copenhagen’s Tivoli Gardens (1998, 2010); and the Edinburgh International Festival at the Edinburgh Playhouse (1997, 2003). In fall 2009, San Francisco Ballet made its first trip to the People’s Republic of China, with performances in Shanghai and Beijing.", "precise_score": 0.7823225855827332, "rough_score": 5.061670303344727, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet Orchestra", "precise_score": 1.15358304977417, "rough_score": 5.004465103149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet has a large network of volunteers who assist with the ongoing success of the Company and the San Francisco Ballet School.", "precise_score": 1.1919150352478027, "rough_score": 4.831156253814697, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called?", "precise_score": 8.157421112060547, "rough_score": 10.076415061950684, "source": "search", "title": "What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called?" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called?", "precise_score": 8.157421112060547, "rough_score": 10.076415061950684, "source": "search", "title": "What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called?" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Opera Ballet", "passage": "\"San Francisco Ballet, the oldest professional ballet company in America, has emerged as a world-class arts organization since it was founded as the San Francisco Opera Ballet in 1933. Initially, its primary purpose was to train dancers to appear in lavish, full-length opera productions.\"", "precise_score": 5.79994010925293, "rough_score": 6.6293487548828125, "source": "search", "title": "What was the San Francisco Ballet formerly called?" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet Association, a professional ballet company, operates a dance training school. The company conducts dance performances in the United States and internationally. It also offers community programs for school children, teachers, seniors, families, fellow artists, volunteers, hospitals, and the general public. The company was formerly known as San Francisco Ballet and changed its name to San Francisco Ballet Association in January 1972. San Francisco Ballet Association was founded in 1933 and is based in San Francisco, California.", "precise_score": 8.317179679870605, "rough_score": 8.079784393310547, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Ballet Association: Private Company ..." }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet - Ballet Classes", "precise_score": 1.4414420127868652, "rough_score": 4.812444686889648, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet School Tuition | San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "Harold Christensen", "passage": "Willam Christensen, Harold Christensen, and Lew Christensen made up the famed trio of brothers considered by many to have done more than anyone else to establish ballet in the United States. Born into an artistic and musical family, the three brothers studied folk dance and ballet from early ages and went on to tour the famous vaudeville Orpheum Circuit during the 1920s and 1930s, exposing many Americans to ballet for the first time with their act “The Christ Brothers.” ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.261920928955078, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Opera Ballet", "passage": "As vaudeville faded from American popular culture, Harold and Lew joined George Balanchine’s new company, American Ballet, in 1935. In 1932, Willam formed a ballet school in Portland, Oregon; in 1937, he was engaged as principal male soloist by San Francisco Opera Ballet. He became the company’s ballet master and choreographer in 1938. With his brother Harold, he purchased the company from the Opera in 1942, renaming it San Francisco Ballet. In 1951, Willam retired as director of SF Ballet and moved to Utah, where he started teaching ballet in the country’s first university ballet department at the University of Utah. With a group of his students, he founded the Utah Civic Ballet (now known as Ballet West) in 1963; the company remained under Christensen’s directorship until 1978. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6492512226104736, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Under Balanchine’s tutelage at American Ballet, Lew Christensen became the first American-born danseur noble. The United States Army drafted Christensen to fight in World War II. After the war ended, he joined Balanchine’s and Lincoln Kirstein’s Ballet Society (soon to become New York City Ballet), eventually becoming ballet master; he served in the role from 1946 until 1950. In 1951, he joined his brother Willam as co-director of San Francisco Ballet. When Willam moved to Salt Lake City later that year, Lew took over as full director of SF Ballet; he held the position until 1976, when Michael Smuin joined him as co-director. Lew Christensen remained SF Ballet co-director until 1984, the year of his death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9386284351348877, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Opera Ballet", "passage": "After leaving the vaudeville circuit in 1935, Harold Christensen danced with American Ballet, San Francisco Opera Ballet, Kirstein’s Ballet Caravan, and San Francisco Ballet until his retirement from the stage in 1946. In 1940, his brother Willam invited him to become director of the San Francisco Ballet School, and in 1942 he and Willam purchased the SF Ballet. Harold continued to serve as the school’s director until his retirement in 1975.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.100175142288208, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Opera Ballet", "passage": "In 1942, San Francisco Opera Ballet split into two independent companies, ballet and opera. The ballet half was sold to Willam and Harold Christensen. Willam became artistic director, while Harold took on the job of director of the San Francisco Ballet School. The San Francisco Ballet Guild was also formed as a support organization for San Francisco Ballet. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.190448760986328, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "The year 1951 marked a significant shift in administration of San Francisco Ballet. Lew Christensen—premier danseur at the time—partnered with his brother Willam Christensen as co-directors. Then in 1952, Lew Christensen took over as sole director. Under his guidance, San Francisco Ballet began to travel and establish itself as a significant American ballet company. Until 1956, San Francisco Ballet had remained on the West Coast, but Christensen took the company to the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in Massachusetts. In 1957, it was the first American ballet company to tour the Far East, performing in 11 Asian nations. On New Year's Day 1965, ABC-TV televised a one-hour abridgement of the Lew Christensen-choreographed production of Nutcracker featuring San Francisco Ballet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.28434908390045166, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In 1972, San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House was named the official residence of San Francisco Ballet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.531798839569092, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In 1973, Michael Smuin became co-artistic director of San Francisco Ballet with Lew Christensen; Smuin had danced with the Company from 1953 to 1961. Under his direction, the national and international profile of SF Ballet was raised significantly by the broad success of productions such as 1977’s Romeo and Juliet, which aired on the PBS series “Great Performances: Dance in America” in 1978. This televised performance marked the first time that a West Coast ballet company, and a full-length ballet, was shown on the PBS TV series. PBS televised three more of Smuin’s SF Ballet productions, and his productions of The Tempest and A Song for Dead Warriors went on to win Emmys. Smuin led the company until 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.360048294067383, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Today, San Francisco Ballet presents approximately 100 performances each year. The company’s diverse repertory includes works by Sir Frederick Ashton, George Balanchine, David Bintley, August Bournonville, Val Caniparoli, Lew Christensen, Nacho Duato, Jorma Elo, William Forsythe, James Kudelka, Jirí Kylián, Serge Lifar, Lar Lubovitch, Wayne McGregor, Agnes de Mille, Sir Kenneth MacMillan, Hans van Manen, Peter Martins, Mark Morris, Rudolf Nureyev, Marius Petipa, Roland Petit, Yuri Possokhov, Alexei Ratmansky, Jerome Robbins, Liam Scarlett, Paul Taylor, Helgi Tomasson, Antony Tudor, and Christopher Wheeldon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.310983657836914, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "The Gala Opening of San Francisco Ballet's 80th Season included Tarantellapas de deux, L’Arlesienne solo, Flower Festival at Genzano pas de deux, In the Passerine’s Clutch, Raymonda’s Act II solo, Trio second movement, Don Quixote grand pas de deux, Onegin Act 1 pas de deux, Stars and Stripes pas de deux, After the Rain pas de deux, and excerpts from Suite en Blanc. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5579631328582764, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet's 2013 season included Trio, Ghost and Borderlands as well as Suite en blanc, In the night, Nijinsky, The Rite of Spring, Onegin, Raymonda Act III and Cinderella. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7532835006713867, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet performs repertory from January through May at the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco. In addition, the company performs in July at the Stern Grove Festival in San Francisco, tours nationally in the summer and fall, and presents Nutcracker in December at the War Memorial Opera House.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.478590726852417, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In May 1995, San Francisco Ballet hosted 12 ballet companies from around the world for UNited We Dance: An International Festival. The festival commemorated the 50th anniversary of the signing of the United Nations Charter, which took place at the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.202795505523682, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In fall 2008, as part of the company’s 75th anniversary celebration, San Francisco Ballet embarked on a critically acclaimed four-city American tour with engagements at Chicago’s Harris Theater for Music and Dance, New York City Center, Southern California’s Segerstrom Center for the Arts, and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. The year culminated in a New Works Festival of world premieres by 10 of the dance world’s most acclaimed choreographers—Julia Adam, Val Caniparoli, Jorma Elo, Margaret Jenkins, James Kudelka, Mark Morris, Yuri Possokhov, Paul Taylor, Stanton Welch, and Christopher Wheeldon. Other anniversary initiatives included a commemorative book, San Francisco Ballet at Seventy-Five, and the broadcast of Tomasson’s Nutcracker in December 2008 on the \"Great Performances: Dance in America\" series on PBS, produced in partnership with KQED Public Television in San Francisco.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1622114181518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In 2012, San Francisco Ballet embarked on the longest tour in the company’s history, with engagements in London and Washington, DC, as well as first-time visits to Hamburg, Germany; Moscow; and Sun Valley, Idaho.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.4297964572906494, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In 1978, San Francisco Ballet’s Michael Smuin-directed production of Romeo and Juliet became the first production by a West Coast ballet company, and the first full-length ballet, to be aired by the PBS “Great Performances: Dance in America” television series. Under the direction of Smuin, the ballet’s 1981 production of The Tempest became the first ballet to be broadcast live (on PBS) from the War Memorial Opera House. Three years later, the 1984 PBS broadcast of the Ballet’s performance of A Song for Dead Warriors earned Smuin an Emmy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6112931966781616, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In December 2011, the U.S. premiere of John Neumeier’s The Little Mermaid, performed by San Francisco Ballet, was broadcast nationally on PBS’s \"Great Performances: Dance in America,” and also internationally. DVDs of the Nutcracker and The Little Mermaid performances were released in 2008 and 2011, respectively. CD recordings of the complete score of Nutcracker and Shinji Eshima’s RAkU were released in 2010 and 2012, respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.48389196395874, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "The company has garnered numerous accolades and awards. In 2005, San Francisco Ballet won its first Laurence Olivier Award, in the category of Outstanding Achievement in Dance, for its 2004 fall season at Sadler’s Wells Theatre. Of the engagement, London’s Sunday Times proclaimed, “Helgi Tomasson’s outstanding artistic direction…has transformed a regional American troupe into one of the world’s top ballet companies.” In 2006, in a readers’ poll conducted by Dance Europe magazine, San Francisco Ballet was the first non-European company to be voted “Company of the Year.” In 2008, San Francisco Ballet received the Jerome Robbins Award for excellence in dance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6860267519950867, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "In 2012, Helgi Tomasson was named recipient of the Dance/USA Honor, acknowledging individuals’ contributions to dance in America and the role they play in the national dance community. Most recently, San Francisco Ballet was nominated in the category of Outstanding Company by the 2014 National Dance Awards, based in the U.K.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6952708959579468, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "The company of the San Francisco Ballet, as of September 2013: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.236250400543213, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "Katita Waldo", "passage": "* Katita Waldo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.498001098632812, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "James Sofranko", "passage": "*James Sofranko", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446760177612305, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "Hansuke Yamamoto", "passage": "*Hansuke Yamamoto", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.514913558959961, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet School, San Francisco Ballet’s official school, is America's oldest ballet school. The program includes classes in technique, pointe work, pas de deux, men's technique, contemporary dance, floor barre/conditioning, and character dance. Male and female students are placed in divisions according to age, experience, and ability. More than 50 percent of current San Francisco Ballet dancers were trained at the San Francisco Ballet School. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.191049575805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "Harold Christensen", "passage": "The school was founded in 1933 as part of the San Francisco Operatic and Ballet School when Gaetano Merola, the founder of the San Francisco Opera, perceived a need for an institution where dancers could be trained to perform in opera productions. The school was under the direction of ballet director Adolph Bolm from 1933 to 1938. Willam Christensen became director from 1938 to 1940, followed by his brother Harold Christensen from 1942 until 1975. Richard L. Cammack directed the school from 1975 to 1985; he oversaw the move to its current state-of-the-art facilities on Franklin Street in 1983. In 1985, new SF Ballet artistic director Helgi Tomasson appointed Nancy Johnson as school head. Lola de Avila joined as associate director from 1993 to 1999, followed by Gloria Govrin beginning in 1999. In 2006, de Avila returned to serve as associate director until 2012, when Patrick Armand stepped into the role. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5527780055999756, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "The faculty of the San Francisco Ballet School has long been known for its excellence and diversity of background. As of April 2015, it is led by the Artistic Director Helgi Tómasson and Associate Director Patrick Armand. The illustrious faculty includes Patrick Armand, Damara Bennett, Kristi DeCaminada, Yuko Katsumi, Tina LeBlanc, Jeffrey Lyons, Rubén Martín Cintas, Parrish Maynard, Pollyana Ribeiro, Brian Fisher (Contemporary), Leonid Shagalov (Character), Henry Berg (Floor Barre), Jamie Narushchen (Music), and Daniel Sullivan (Music). The guest faculty for 2015 included Joanna Berman, Pascal Molat, and Sofiane Sylve (Principal Guest). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2228646278381348, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Founded in 1975 to serve as San Francisco Ballet’s official permanent orchestra, the San Francisco Ballet Orchestra (SFBO) holds the rare position of being one of three major orchestras in a single city. The orchestra debuted at the end of 1975 with Nutcracker and has met with both audience and critical acclaim ever since, becoming known by the 1990s as one of the world’s finest ballet orchestras.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.275320529937744, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet Orchestra music directors", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.11182805895805359, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet Orchestra recordings", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6598536968231201, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "*RAkU (San Francisco Ballet Records)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8321874141693115, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "The San Francisco Ballet Auxiliary is a group of 100 dedicated women who volunteer to raise over $1 million in net contributions annually. In addition to individual fundraising, the group produces three annual productions: the Opening Night Gala, Fashion Show, and Student Showcase, with proceeds benefiting the Ballet and the San Francisco Ballet School. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2250919342041016, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet’s Allegro Circle is a group of professional men and women who share a passion for dance and contribute their own personal, professional, and philanthropic resources toward developing a new and diverse generation of subscribers and patrons. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.9543325901031494, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet’s ENCORE! group offers local young professionals access to a range of social and educational events with a behind-the-scenes perspective. Staffing these events presents its 200+ members with a wide range of volunteer opportunities. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1051666736602783, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet Association: Private Company Information - Bloomberg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4952067732810974, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Ballet Association: Private Company ..." }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Corps de Ballet Confessional: JULIA ROWE, San Francisco Ballet – A Ballet Education", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.773405909538269, "source": "search", "title": "Corps de Ballet Confessional: JULIA ROWE, San Francisco ..." }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Company: San Francisco Ballet, corps de ballet, 3rd Season ( click here for official bio )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.344119071960449, "source": "search", "title": "Corps de Ballet Confessional: JULIA ROWE, San Francisco ..." }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet School students in class // © Erik Tomasson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9303534030914307, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet School Tuition | San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet School students in class // © Erik Tomasson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9303534030914307, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet School Tuition | San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "San Francisco Ballet School students rehearse Neumeier's Yondering // © Erik Tomasson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9312081336975098, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet School Tuition | San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Girls and boys are placed in one of eight levels according to age, experience, and ability. Ballet classes at San Francisco Ballet School follow a progressively more rigorous path, beginning with young boys and girls ages eight through 11 in Level 1 and increasing in difficulty to our pre-professional programs for 18-year-old dancers in Level 8.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.029163360595703, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet School Tuition | San Francisco Ballet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco Ballet", "passage": "Each year, more the 400 students enroll in the ballet program at San Francisco Ballet School, coming to us from across the US and Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Croatia, England, France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Macedonia, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, and Ukraine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.003435134887695, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet School Tuition | San Francisco Ballet" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) and Clyde Chestnut Barrow a.k.a. Clyde Champion Barrow (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) were American criminals who traveled the central United States with their gang during the Great Depression, robbing and killing people. At times, the gang included Clyde's older brother Buck Barrow and his wife Blanche, Raymond Hamilton, W. D. Jones, Joe Palmer, Ralph Fults, and Henry Methvin. Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the \"Public Enemy Era,\" between 1931 and 1935. Though known today for their dozen-or-so bank robberies, the two preferred to rob small stores or rural gas stations. The gang is believed to have killed at least nine police officers and several civilians. The couple were eventually ambushed and killed by law officers near the town of Sailes, in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. Their reputation was revived and cemented in American pop folklore by Arthur Penn's 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, in which they were played by Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty.", "precise_score": 2.3261847496032715, "rough_score": 5.4256591796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Even during their lifetimes, their depiction in the press was at considerable odds with the hardscrabble reality of their life on the road, especially for Bonnie Parker. She was present at a hundred or more felonies during the two years she was Barrow's companion, but she was not a machine gun-wielding killer as depicted in the newspapers, newsreels, and pulp detective magazines of that time. Gang member W. D. Jones later testified he could not recall ever having seen her shoot at a law officer. Jones, W.D. [http://www.cinetropic.com/janeloisemorris/commentary/bonn%26clyde/wdjones.html \"Riding with Bonnie and Clyde\"], Playboy, November 1968. Reprinted at Cinetropic.com. Bonnie's reputation as a cigar-smoking gun moll grew out of a playful snapshot police found at an abandoned hideout. It was released to the press and published nationwide. Parker did chain smoke Camel cigarettes, but she never smoked cigars. ", "precise_score": -0.49273937940597534, "rough_score": 2.214542865753174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Historian Jeff Guinn writes that the hideout photos led to Parker's glamorization and the creation of legends about the gang:John Dillinger had matinee-idol good looks and Pretty Boy Floyd had the best possible nickname, but the Joplin photos introduced new criminal superstars with the most titillating trademark of all—illicit sex. Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker were wild and young, and undoubtedly slept together. ", "precise_score": 1.1503181457519531, "rough_score": 0.3340628445148468, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) was born into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, near Telico, a town just southeast of Dallas. He was the fifth of seven children of Henry Basil Barrow (1874–1957) and Cumie T. Walker (1874–1943). They migrated, piecemeal, to Dallas in the early 1920s as part of a wave of resettlement from the impoverished nearby farms to the urban slum known as West Dallas. The Barrows spent their first months in West Dallas living under their wagon. When father Henry had earned enough money to buy a tent, it was a significant improvement for the family. During his lifetime, it was rumored that Clyde was a psychic. ", "precise_score": -3.2875335216522217, "rough_score": 0.7672100067138672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Several accounts describe Bonnie and Clyde's first meeting, but the most credible version tells that Bonnie Parker met Clyde Barrow on January 5, 1930 at Clarence Clay's (a friend of Clyde) house at 105 Herbert Street. Parker was out of work and was staying in West Dallas to assist a female friend with a broken arm. Barrow dropped by the girl's house while Parker was in the kitchen making hot chocolate. ", "precise_score": 0.593255877494812, "rough_score": 2.633211135864258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "After Barrow was released from prison in February 1932, he and Ralph Fults assembled a rotating core group of associates. They began a series of small robberies, primarily of stores and gas stations; their goal was to collect enough money and firepower to launch a raid of liberation against Eastham prison. On April 19, Bonnie Parker and Fults were captured in a failed hardware store burglary, where they intended to steal firearms, in Kaufman, Texas, and subsequently convicted and jailed. While Parker was released in a few months after the grand jury failed to indict her, Fults was prosecuted and tried; he served time and never rejoined the gang.", "precise_score": -0.4920947253704071, "rough_score": 5.261091709136963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "The group escaped the police at Joplin, but left behind most of their possessions at the apartment: items included Buck and Blanche's marriage license, Buck's parole papers (three weeks old), a large arsenal of weapons, a handwritten poem by Bonnie, and a camera with several rolls of undeveloped film. The film was developed at The Joplin Globe and yielded many now-famous photos of Barrow, Parker and Jones clowning and pointing weapons at one another. When the poem and the photos, including one of Parker clenching a cigar in her teeth and a pistol in her hand, went out on the newly installed newswire, the obscure five criminals from Dallas became front-page news across America as the Barrow Gang. The poem \"Story of 'Suicide Sal was an apparent backstory.", "precise_score": 0.46984460949897766, "rough_score": 1.8457145690917969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Stories of such encounters made headlines, as did the more violent episodes. The Barrow Gang did not hesitate to shoot anyone, lawman or civilian, who got in their way. Other members of the Barrow Gang known or thought to have committed murders included Raymond Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Buck Barrow and Henry Methvin. Eventually, the cold-bloodedness of their killings soured the public perception of the outlaws, and led to their ends. ", "precise_score": -1.8127855062484741, "rough_score": 4.1524152755737305, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Five days later, on July 24, the Barrow Gang was camped at Dexfield Park, an abandoned amusement park near Dexter, Iowa. Although he was sometimes semiconscious, and even talked and ate, Buck's massive head wound and loss of blood was so severe that Clyde and Jones dug a grave for him. After their bloody bandages were noticed by local residents, officers determined the campers were the Barrow gang. Local lawmen and approximately one hundred spectators surrounded the group, and the Barrows soon came under fire. Clyde Barrow, Parker, and W.D. Jones escaped on foot. Buck was shot in the back, and he and his wife were captured by the officers. Buck died five days later at Kings Daughters Hospital in Perry, Iowa, of his head wound and pneumonia after surgery.", "precise_score": -1.0893794298171997, "rough_score": 0.6303141117095947, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "By early September, they risked a run to Dallas to see their families for the first time in four months. Jones parted company with them, continuing to Houston, where his mother had moved. He was arrested there without incident on November 16 and returned to Dallas. Through the autumn, Clyde Barrow executed a series of small-time robberies with a series of small-time local accomplices while his family and Parker's attended to her considerable medical needs.", "precise_score": -2.48477840423584, "rough_score": 0.4627295136451721, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Public hostility increased five days later, when Barrow and Methvin killed 60-year-old Constable William \"Cal\" Campbell, a widower single father, near Commerce, Oklahoma. They kidnapped Commerce police chief Percy Boyd, drove around with him, crossing the state line into Kansas, and let him go, giving him a clean shirt, a few dollars, and a request from Parker to tell the world she did not smoke cigars. Boyd identified both Barrow and Parker to authorities but he never learned Methvin's name. The resultant arrest warrant for the Campbell murder specified \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe.\" Historian Knight writes: \"For the first time, Bonnie was seen as a killer, actually pulling the trigger—just like Clyde. Whatever chance she had for clemency had just been reduced.\"", "precise_score": 0.5418722629547119, "rough_score": 0.28418004512786865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Prentiss Oakley", "passage": "On May 21, 1934, the four posse members from Texas were in Shreveport when they learned that Barrow and Parker were to go to Bienville Parish that evening with Methvin. Barrow had designated the residence of Methvin's parents as a rendezvous in case they were separated, and Methvin did get separated from the pair in Shreveport. The full posse, consisting of Captain Hamer, Dallas County Sheriff's Deputies Alcorn and Ted Hinton (both of whom knew Barrow and Parker by sight), former Texas Ranger B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bienville Parish Sheriff Henderson Jordan and his deputy Prentiss Oakley, set up an ambush at the rendezvous point along Louisiana State Highway 154 south of Gibsland toward Sailes. Hinton recounted that their group was in place by 9:00 pm on the 21st and waited through the whole next day (May 22) with no sign of the outlaw couple.Hinton, Ted and Larry Grove (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id", "precise_score": 0.1246572807431221, "rough_score": 1.1159435510635376, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "At approximately 9:15 a.m. on May 23, the posse, concealed in the bushes and almost ready to concede defeat, heard Barrow's stolen Ford V8 approaching at a high speed. The posse's official report had Barrow stopping to speak with Methvin's father, who had been planted there with his truck that morning to distract Barrow and force him into the lane closer to the posse. The lawmen opened fire, killing Barrow and Parker while shooting a combined total of about 130 rounds. Oakley fired first, probably before any order to do so. Barrow was killed instantly by Oakley's initial head shot, but Hinton reported hearing Parker scream as she realized Barrow was dead, before the shooting at her fully began. The officers emptied all their arms at the car. Any one of the many wounds suffered by Bonnie and Clyde would have been fatal. ", "precise_score": -2.2973203659057617, "rough_score": 0.46282684803009033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Researchers have said Bonnie and Clyde were shot more than fifty times each; others claim closer to twenty-five wounds per corpse, or fifty total. Officially, parish coroner Dr. J. L. Wade's 1934 report listed 17 separate entrance wounds on Barrow's body and 26 on Parker's, including several headshots on each, and one that had snapped Barrow's spinal column. Undertaker C. F. \"Boots\" Bailey had difficulty embalming the bodies because of all the bullet holes. ", "precise_score": -2.4780561923980713, "rough_score": 3.9020848274230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -0.0033542991150170565, "rough_score": 1.3643474578857422, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "It was during the Great Depression that Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow went on their two-year crime spree (1932-1934). The general attitude in the United States was against government and Bonnie and Clyde used that to their advantage. With an image closer to Robin Hood rather than mass murderers, Bonnie and Clyde captured the imagination of the nation.", "precise_score": 0.25465238094329834, "rough_score": 1.5859270095825195, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Dates: Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 -- May 23, 1934); Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909 -- May 23, 1934)", "precise_score": -1.9797385931015015, "rough_score": 2.251276731491089, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Also Known As: Bonnie Elizabeth Parker, Clyde Chestnut Barrow, The Barrow Gang", "precise_score": 4.128841400146484, "rough_score": 8.098544120788574, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Love, Marriage, Divorce.", "precise_score": -0.23708225786685944, "rough_score": 1.3144241571426392, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Love, Marriage, Divorce." }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were dating for 4 years (from 1930 to 1934).", "precise_score": 1.0099546909332275, "rough_score": 4.699097156524658, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Love, Marriage, Divorce." }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) and Clyde Chestnut Barrow (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) were well-known outlaws, robbers, and criminals who traveled the Central United States with their gang during the Great Depression . Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during the \" public enemy era \" between 1931 and 1934. Though known today for his dozen-or-so bank robberies, Barrow in fact preferred to rob small stores or rural gas stations. The gang is believed to have killed at least nine police officers and committed several civilian murders. The couple themselves were eventually ambushed and killed in Louisiana by law officers. Their reputation was cemented in American pop folklore by Arthur Penn's 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde . [1] Testing Nearby from Ft Worth.", "precise_score": 4.348039627075195, "rough_score": 6.563568115234375, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "There are several versions of the story describing Bonnie's and Clyde's first meeting, but the most credible version indicates that Bonnie Parker met Clyde Barrow in January 1930 at a friend's house. Parker was out of work and was staying in West Dallas to assist a girl friend with a broken arm. Barrow dropped by the girl's house while Parker was supposedly in the kitchen making hot chocolate. [26]", "precise_score": 1.3752702474594116, "rough_score": 4.57890510559082, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "After Barrow was released from prison in February 1932, he and Ralph Fults assembled a rotating core group of associates and began a series of small robberies, primarily of stores and gas stations; their goal was to collect enough money and firepower to launch a raid of liberation against Eastham prison . [25] On April 19, Bonnie Parker and Fults were captured in a failed hardware store burglary in Kaufman, Texas , and subsequently jailed. [28] On April 30, Barrow was the wheelman in a robbery in Hillsboro, Texas , during which the store's owner, J.N. Bucher, was shot and killed. [29] When shown mugshots, the victim's wife identified Barrow as one of the shooters, even though he had stayed outside in the car; [30] it was his first murder accusation. Meanwhile, Parker remained in jail until June 17, writing poetry to wile away the time. [31] When the Kaufman County grand jury convened, it declined to indict her, and she was released. [32] Within a few weeks, she reunited with Barrow.", "precise_score": 0.308836430311203, "rough_score": 4.044069766998291, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "On March 22, 1933, Buck Barrow was granted a full pardon and released from prison. Within days, he and his wife, Blanche , had set up housekeeping with Clyde Barrow, Parker and Jones in a temporary hideout at 3347 1/2 Oakridge Drive in Joplin, Missouri . According to family sources, [40] Buck and Blanche were there merely to visit, in an attempt to persuade Clyde to surrender to law enforcement. As was common with Bonnie and Clyde, their next brush with the law arose from their generally suspicious—and conspicuous—behavior, not because their identities had been discovered. Beer had just been legalized after Prohibition, and the group ran loud, alcohol-fueled card games late into the night in the quiet neighborhood. \"We bought a case of beer a day,\" Blanche would later recall. [41] The menfolk came and went noisily at all hours, and once, a BAR (Browning Automatic Rifle) discharged in the apartment while Clyde was cleaning it; [42] the short burst did not bring any neighbors directly to the house, but at least one registered suspicions with the Joplin Police Department .", "precise_score": -1.0379282236099243, "rough_score": 3.14776349067688, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "On June 10, while driving with Jones and Parker near Wellington, Texas , Barrow missed warning signs at a bridge under construction and flipped their car into a ravine. [4] Sources disagree on whether there was an actual gasoline fire [60] or that Parker was doused with acid from the car's battery under the floorboards. [61] What is certain is that she sustained horrific third degree burns to her right leg. The burn was so severe, the muscles contracted and caused the leg to \"draw up\"; [62] near the end of her life, Parker could hardly walk and would either hop on her good leg or be carried by Clyde. After getting help from a nearby farm family and kidnapping two local lawmen, [63] the three outlaws rendezvoused with Blanche and Buck Barrow again and they hid out in a tourist court near Ft. Smith, Arkansas , nursing Parker's grievous burns. Then Buck and Jones bungled a local robbery and killed Town Marshal Henry D. Humphrey in Alma, Arkansas . [64] With the renewed pursuit from the law, they had to flee again, despite the grave condition of Bonnie Parker. [65]", "precise_score": -1.6207590103149414, "rough_score": -0.701828122138977, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Five days later, on July 24, the Barrow Gang was camped at Dexfield Park, an abandoned amusement park near Dexter, Iowa . [4] [77] So plainly mortal was Buck's head wound that Clyde and Jones dug a grave for him. [78] After their bloody bandages were noticed by local citizens, it was determined that the campers were the Barrow gang. Surrounded by local lawmen and approximately one hundred spectators, the Barrows once again found themselves under fire. [77] Clyde Barrow, Parker, and W.D. Jones escaped on foot. [4] [77] Buck was shot again, in the back, and he and his wife were captured by the officers. Buck died five days later, at Kings Daughters Hospital in Perry, Iowa , of pneumonia after surgery. [77]", "precise_score": -1.9487496614456177, "rough_score": -0.31695836782455444, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Prentiss Oakley", "passage": "On May 21, 1934, the four posse members from Texas were in Shreveport , Louisiana, when they learned that Barrow and Parker were to go to Bienville Parish that evening with Methvin. Barrow had designated the residence of Methvin's parents as a rendezvous in case they were later separated and indeed Methvin did get separated from the pair in Shreveport. The full posse, consisting of Captain Hamer, Dallas County Sheriff's Deputies Bob Alcorn and Ted Hinton (both of whom knew Barrow and Parker by sight), former Texas Ranger B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bienville Parish Sheriff Henderson Jordan , and his deputy Prentiss Oakley, set up an ambush at the rendezvous point along Louisiana State Highway 154 south of Gibsland toward Sailes. Hinton's account has the group in place by 9:00 pm on the 21st and waiting through the whole next day (May 22) with no sign of the outlaw couple, [108] but other accounts have them setting up on the evening of the 22nd. [109]", "precise_score": 0.40254414081573486, "rough_score": 1.3374829292297363, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Some today say Bonnie and Clyde were shot more than 50 times, [25] others claim closer to 25 wounds per corpse, or 50 total. [113] Officially, the tally in Parish coroner Dr. J. L. Wade's 1934 report listed seventeen separate entrance wounds on Barrow's body and twenty-six on Parker's, [114] including several headshots on each, and one that had snapped Barrow's spinal column. So numerous were the bullet holes that undertaker C. F. \"Boots\" Bailey would have difficulty embalming the bodies because they wouldn't contain the embalming fluid. [115]", "precise_score": -2.7583744525909424, "rough_score": 2.7273266315460205, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "The life insurance policies for both Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were paid in full by American National of Galveston. Since then, the policy of pay-outs has changed to exclude pay-outs in cases of deaths caused by any criminal act by the insured. [123]", "precise_score": -1.1010332107543945, "rough_score": -0.7901455163955688, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "By November 1933, W.D. Jones was in custody and supplying details of the gang's 1933 activities—details which led to the empanelment of a grand jury in Dallas. On November 28, the grand jury indicted Parker, Barrow, and Jones for the murder of Deputy Malcolm Davis in January; Judge Nolan G. Williams of Criminal District Court No. 2 issued arrest warrants for Parker and Barrow for murder. [83] Parker's assistance in the raid on Eastham prison in January 1934 earned her the enmity of an even wider group of influential Texans, so when an eyewitness, later completely discredited, linked her to the heinous Grapevine murders, the head of the Highway Patrol, and the Governor herself, placed bounties on Parker's head. [147] Just five days later, Barrow and Henry Methvin killed Constable Campbell in Commerce, Oklahoma, and the murder warrant issued there named \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe\" as his killers. [148]", "precise_score": 0.1949930638074875, "rough_score": -0.29274213314056396, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were among the first celebrity criminals of the modern era. They had little choice in the matter: after they fled the Joplin hideout in April 1933 with nothing but the clothes they were wearing, the police discovered several rolls of undeveloped film and some scrawled doggerel poetry left behind. [174] It was instant legend: the photos showed the couple and W. D. Jones in playful, snapshot-type poses, except they were wielding pistols, rifles and BARs. In one gag shot, Parker had plucked a cigar from Barrow and popped it in her mouth, branding her as \"Clyde's cigar-smoking moll.\" The poem \"Suicide Sal,\" peppered with quotation marks and colorful underworld vernacular , mirrored the tone of the popular detective magazines of the time. Two days after the raid, the photos and poem went out on the wire and were running in newspapers all over the country. [175] Before Joplin, the Barrows' notoriety had been confined strictly to the Dallas area; afterwards, they became notorious across America.", "precise_score": 3.5148415565490723, "rough_score": 4.103800296783447, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow went on their two-year crime spree The general attitude in the country was against government and Bonnie and Clyde used that to their advantage.", "precise_score": -0.5603375434875488, "rough_score": 2.2003040313720703, "source": "search", "title": "criminals on Pinterest | Bonnie Parker, Barrow and Bonnie ..." }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) and Clyde Barrow (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) were well known outlaws, robbers and criminals who, with their gang, travelled the Central United States during the Great Depression . Their exploits captured the attention of the American public during what is sometimes referred to as the \" public enemy era \" between 1931 and 1934. Though known today for his dozen-or-so bank robberies, Barrow in fact preferred to rob small stores or rural gas stations. The gang is believed to have killed at least nine police officers and committed several civilian murders. They were eventually ambushed and killed in Louisiana by law officers. Their reputation was cemented forever in American pop folklore by Arthur Penn's 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde .", "precise_score": 5.483090400695801, "rough_score": 6.921465873718262, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Jimmy Fowler, writing about Parker in 1999 for the Dallas Observer , noted that \"although the authorities who gunned down the 23-year-old in 1934 conceded that she was no bloodthirsty killer and that when taken into custody she tended to inspire the paternal aspects of the police who held her ... there was a mystifying devolution from the high school poet, speech class star, and mini-celebrity who performed Shirley Temple -like as a warm up act at the stump speeches of local politicians to the accomplice of rage-filled Clyde Barrow.\" [12]", "precise_score": -1.9056198596954346, "rough_score": 2.1284611225128174, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "There are a number of versions of the story describing Bonnie's and Clyde's first meeting, but the most credible version indicates that Bonnie Parker met Clyde Barrow in January 1930 at a friend's house. Parker was out of work and was staying in West Dallas to assist a girlfriend with a broken arm. Barrow dropped by the girl's house while Parker was supposedly in the kitchen making hot chocolate. They did not meet, as legend has it, while she was a waitress.", "precise_score": 2.101630210876465, "rough_score": 4.83268404006958, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "When they met, both were smitten immediately; most historians believe Parker joined Barrow because she was in love. She remained a loyal companion to him as they carried out their crime spree and awaited the violent deaths they viewed as inevitable. Her fondness for creative writing found expression in poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\" (aka \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\"). [8]", "precise_score": 2.176363229751587, "rough_score": 4.182914733886719, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "During Buck Barrow's time in jail in 1932, Clyde Barrow, Raymond Hamilton and a rotating core group of associates participated in small robberies, primarily of stores and gas stations. In April, Bonnie Parker was captured in a failed hardware store burglary in Kaufman, Texas , and subsequently jailed. [21] On April 30, Barrow was the wheelman in a robbery in Hillsboro, Texas , during which shopkeeper J. N. Bucher was shot and killed. [22] When shown mugshots, the victim's wife identified Barrow as one of the shooters, even though he had stayed outside in the car; [23] it was his first murder accusation. Meanwhile, Parker remained in jail until June 17, when the Kaufman County grand jury convened, declined to indict her, and she was released. [24] Within a few weeks, she reunited with Barrow.", "precise_score": -0.615951657295227, "rough_score": 3.2155935764312744, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "On March 22, 1933, Buck Barrow was granted a full pardon and released from prison. Within days, he and his wife, Blanche , had set up housekeeping with Clyde Barrow, Parker and Jones in a temporary hideout in Joplin, Missouri . According to family sources, [32] Buck and Blanche were there merely to visit, in an attempt to persuade Clyde to surrender to law enforcement. As was common with Bonnie and Clyde, their next brush with the law arose from their generally suspicious — and conspicuous — behavior, not because their identities had been discovered. Beer had just been relegalized after Prohibition, and the group ran loud, hops-fueled card games late into the nights in the quiet neighborhood. \"We bought a case of beer a day,\" Blanche would later recall. [33] The menfolk came and went noisily at all hours, and once, a BAR discharged in the apartment while Clyde was cleaning it. [34]", "precise_score": -0.9913400411605835, "rough_score": 2.888906478881836, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "On June 10, while driving with Jones and Parker near Wellington, Texas , Clyde Barrow missed some construction signs and flipped their car into a ravine. [3] Parker was doused with battery acid, causing third degree burns to her right leg. [50] The burn was so severe, the muscles contracted and caused the leg to \"draw up\"; [51] near the end of her life, Parker could hardly walk and would either hop on her good leg or be carried by Clyde. After getting help from a nearby farm family and kidnapping two local lawmen, [52] the three outlaws rendezvoused with Blanche and Buck Barrow again and they hid out in a tourist court near Ft. Smith, Arkansas , nursing Parker's grievous burns. Then Buck and Jones bungled a local robbery and killed Town Marshal Henry D. Humphrey in Alma, Arkansas . [53] With the renewed pursuit from the law, they had to flee again, despite the grave condition of Bonnie Parker. [54]", "precise_score": -1.8482416868209839, "rough_score": -0.3991125524044037, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Five days later, on July 24, the Barrow Gang was camped at Dexfield Park, an abandoned amusement park near Dexter, Iowa . [3] [67] So plainly mortal was Buck's head wound that Clyde and Jones dug a grave for him. [68] After their bloody bandages were noticed by local citizens, it was determined that the campers were the Barrow gang. Surrounded by local lawmen and approximately one hundred spectators, the Barrows once again found themselves under fire. [67] Clyde Barrow, Parker, and W.D. Jones escaped on foot. [3] [67] Buck was shot again, in the back, and he and his wife were captured by the officers. Buck died five days later, at Kings Daughters Hospital in Perry, Iowa , of pneumonia after surgery. [67]", "precise_score": -1.8831357955932617, "rough_score": 0.10591235011816025, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Prentiss Oakley", "passage": "On May 21, 1934, the four posse members from Texas were in Shreveport , Louisiana, when they learned that Barrow and Parker were to go to Bienville Parish that evening with Methvin. Barrow had designated the residence of Methvin's parents as a rendezvous in case they were later separated and indeed Methvin did get separated from the pair in Shreveport. The full posse, consisting of Captain Hamer, Dallas County Sheriff's Deputies Bob Alcorn and Ted Hinton (both of whom knew Barrow and Parker by sight), former Texas Ranger B.M. \"Manny\" Gault, Bienville Parish Sheriff Henderson Jordan , and his deputy Prentiss Oakley, set up an ambush at the rendezvous point along Louisiana State Highway 154 south of Gibsland toward Sailes. Hinton's account has the group in place by 9:00 p.m. on the 21st and waiting through the whole next day (May 22) with no sign of the outlaw couple, [97] but other accounts have them setting up on the evening of the 22nd. [98]", "precise_score": 0.4655997157096863, "rough_score": 1.292123794555664, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Some today say Bonnie and Clyde were shot more than 50 times, [20] others claim closer to 25 wounds per corpse, or 50 total. [102] Officially, the tally in Parish coroner Dr. J. L. Wade's 1934 report listed seventeen separate entrance wounds on Barrow's body and twenty-six on Parker's, [103] including several headshots on each, and one that had snapped Barrow's spinal column. So numerous were the bullet holes that undertaker C. F. \"Boots\" Bailey would have difficulty embalming the bodies because they wouldn't contain the embalming fluid. [104]", "precise_score": -2.7474002838134766, "rough_score": 3.0400593280792236, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Word of the ambush quickly got around when Hamer, Jordan, Oakley and Hinton drove to town to telephone their respective bosses. A crowd soon gathered at the spot, and Gault and Alcorn, who were left to guard the bodies, lost control of the jostling curious; one woman cut off bloody locks of Parker's hair and pieces from her dress, which were sold as souvenirs. Hinton returned to find a man trying to cut off Barrow's trigger finger, and was sickened by what was occurring. [97] The coroner , arriving on the scene, saw the following: \"nearly everyone had begun collecting souvenirs such as shell casings, slivers of glass from the shattered car windows, and bloody pieces of clothing from the garments of Bonnie and Clyde. One eager man had opened his pocket knife, and was reaching into the car to cut off Clyde's left ear.\" [105] The coroner enlisted Hamer for help in controlling the \"circus-like atmosphere,\" and only then did people move away from the car. [105]", "precise_score": -3.610158920288086, "rough_score": -0.40786999464035034, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "By November 1933, W.D. Jones was in custody and supplying details of the gang's 1933 activities — details which led to the empanelment of a grand jury in Dallas. On November 28, the grand jury indicted Parker (with Barrow and Jones) in the murder of Deputy Malcolm Davis in January; Judge Nolan G. Williams of Criminal District Court No. 2 issued arrest warrants for Parker and Barrow for murder. [140] Parker's assistance in the raid on Eastham prison in January 1934 earned her the enmity of an even wider group of influential Texans, so when an eyewitness, later completely discredited, linked her to the heinous Grapevine murders, the head of the Highway Patrol, and the Governor herself, placed bounties on Parker's head. [141] Just five days later, Barrow and Henry Methvin killed Constable Campbell in Commerce, Oklahoma, and the murder warrant issued there named \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe\" as his killers. [142]", "precise_score": 0.18688179552555084, "rough_score": 0.3148103654384613, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were among the first celebrity criminals of the modern era. They had little choice in the matter: after they fled the Joplin hideout in April 1933 with nothing but the clothes they were wearing, the police discovered several rolls of undeveloped film and some scrawled doggerel poetry left behind. [170] It was instant legend: the photos showed the couple and W. D. Jones in playful, snapshot-type poses, except they were wielding pistols, rifles and BARs. In one gag shot, Parker had plucked a cigar from Barrow and popped it in her mouth — branding her forever as \"Clyde's cigar-smoking moll.\" The poem \"Suicide Sal,\" peppered with quotation marks and colorful underworld vernacular , mirrored the tone of the popular detective magazines of the time. Two days after the raid, the photos and poem went out on the wire and were running in newspapers all over the country. [171] Before Joplin, the Barrows' notoriety had been confined to the Dallas area; afterwards, they were famous — and to many, infamous — far and wide.", "precise_score": 3.5609238147735596, "rough_score": 4.294679641723633, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Parker, Emma Krause, Nell Barrow Cowan and Jan I. Fortune. The True Story of Bonnie and Clyde. (New York: New American Library, 1968.) ISBN 0848821548. Originally published in 1934 as Fugitives.", "precise_score": -0.8861966729164124, "rough_score": 1.5912541151046753, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "From 1932 to 1934, Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow, mostly commonly known just as Bonnie and Clyde, were a young couple who went on a two-year crime rampage that ... ", "precise_score": 6.97942590713501, "rough_score": 7.751166820526123, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "|Bonnie parker autopsy report / bonnie parker clyde barrow ...", "precise_score": -3.0918526649475098, "rough_score": 0.26105812191963196, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow Artifacts at the Primm Valley ...", "precise_score": -1.1612787246704102, "rough_score": 0.5936183333396912, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Clyde Champion Barrow", "passage": "Bonnie Parker (October 1, 1910 - May 23, 1934) Clyde Chestnut Barrow aka Clyde Champion Barrow (March 24, 1909 ... ", "precise_score": -0.1684538722038269, "rough_score": 5.720290184020996, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "[Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker in Morgue, Getaway Car and ...", "precise_score": -2.0605196952819824, "rough_score": 1.2303909063339233, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Clyde Barrow biography and related resources. ... Bonnie and Clyde (Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow) were American criminals who traveled the southwestern United ... ", "precise_score": 1.6497262716293335, "rough_score": 3.084049940109253, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Clyde Champion Barrow", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (1910-1934) and Clyde Champion Barrow (1909-1934) were violent criminals who were active in the Mid- and Southwest between 1932 and 1934. The ... ", "precise_score": 2.177216053009033, "rough_score": 4.139413833618164, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow Rare Miscellaneous Historical ...", "precise_score": 0.4406789541244507, "rough_score": 3.0132806301116943, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Clyde Champion Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Champion Barrow and his companion, Bonnie Parker, were shot to death by officers in an ambush near Sailes, Bienville Parish, Louisiana on May 23, 1934, after ... ", "precise_score": -1.0598541498184204, "rough_score": 2.5827207565307617, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "PARKER, BONNIE (1910–1934). Bonnie Parker, outlaw partner of Clyde Barrow, was born at Rowena, Texas, on October 1, 1910, to Henry and Emma Parker. ", "precise_score": -0.16035686433315277, "rough_score": 5.115741729736328, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.788361549377441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) was born in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children. Her father, Charles Parker, was a bricklayer who died when Bonnie was four. Her mother, Emma (Krause) Parker moved her family to her parents' home in Cement City, an industrial suburb now known as West Dallas. She worked as a seamstress. Her maternal grandfather, Frank Krause, came from Germany. As an adult, her fondness for writing found expression in poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" and \"The Trail's End\" (known since as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\" ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.766162872314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Roy Thornton", "passage": "In her second year in high school, Parker met Roy Thornton. They dropped out of school and were married on September 25, 1926, six days before her 16th birthday. Their marriage, marked by his frequent absences and brushes with the law, was short-lived. After January 1929, their paths never crossed again. However, they never divorced, and Bonnie was wearing Thornton's wedding ring when she died. Thornton was still in prison when he heard of her death. He commented, \"I'm glad they went out like they did. It's much better than being caught.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.037668228149414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3165106773376465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde was first arrested in late 1926, after running when police confronted him over a rental car he had failed to return on time. His second arrest, with brother Marvin \"Buck\" Barrow, came soon after, this time for possession of stolen goods (turkeys). Despite having legitimate jobs during the period 1927 through 1929, he also cracked safes, robbed stores, and stole cars. After sequential arrests in 1928 and 1929, he was sent to Eastham Prison Farm in April 1930. While in prison, Barrow used a lead pipe to crush the skull of another inmate, Ed Crowder, who had repeatedly sexually assaulted him. This was Clyde Barrow's first killing. Another inmate took the blame, however. Barrow convinced another inmate to use an axe to chop off two of Barrow's toes in order to excuse him from working hard labor in the fields; Barrow would walk with a limp for the rest of his life as a result. Unbeknownst to Barrow, his mother successfully petitioned a release for him, six days after his intentional injury.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.629948616027832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "In his post-Eastham career, Barrow chose smaller jobs, robbing grocery stores and gas stations, at a rate far outpacing the ten to fifteen bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow Gang. His favored weapon was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (called a BAR). According to John Neal Phillips, Barrow's goal in life was not to gain fame or fortune from robbing banks, but to seek revenge against the Texas prison system for the abuses he suffered while serving time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.258350372314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde's next brush with the law arose from their generally suspicious—and conspicuous—behavior, not because they had been identified. The group ran loud, alcohol-fueled card games late into the night in the quiet neighborhood. \"We bought a case of beer a day\", Blanche would later recall. The men came and went noisily at all hours, and Clyde discharged a BAR (Browning Automatic Rifle) in the apartment while cleaning it. No neighbors went to the house, but one reported suspicions to the Joplin Police Department.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.153218269348145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "But in the pitched gunfight at considerable distances, the submachine guns proved no match for Clyde Barrow's preferred Browning Automatic Rifles (BAR), stolen July 7 from the National Guard armory at Enid, Oklahoma. The Barrows laid down fire and escaped when a bullet short-circuited the horn on the armored car and the lawmen mistook it for a cease-fire signal. They did not pursue the retreating Barrow vehicle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.95481014251709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "The Texas Department of Corrections contacted former Texas Ranger Captain Frank A. Hamer, and persuaded him to hunt down the Barrow Gang. Though retired, Hamer had retained his commission, which had not yet expired. He accepted the assignment as a Texas Highway Patrol officer, secondarily assigned to the prison system as a special investigator, and given the specific task of taking Bonnie, Clyde and the Barrow Gang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.045152187347412, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "In the spring of 1934, the Grapevine killings were recounted in exaggerated detail, affecting public perception: all four Dallas daily papers seized on the story told by the eyewitness, a farmer, who claimed to have seen Parker laugh at the way Patrolman Murphy's head \"bounced like a rubber ball\" on the ground as she shot him. The stories claimed that police found a cigar butt \"with tiny teeth marks\" supposedly Parker's. Several days later Murphy's fiancee wore her intended wedding dress to his funeral, sparking photos and newspaper coverage. The eyewitness's ever-changing story was soon discredited, but the massive negative publicity, against Parker in particular, increased the public clamor for extermination of the survivors of the Barrow Gang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9746698141098022, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "NcsLAAAACAAJ Ambush: The Real Story of Bonnie and Clyde]. Austin, TX: Shoal Creek Publishers. ISBN 0-88319-041-9. Other accounts said the officers set up on the evening of the 22nd. \t", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494518280029297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Word of the ambush quickly got around when Hamer, Jordan, Oakley, and Hinton drove into town to telephone their respective bosses. A crowd soon gathered at the ambush spot. Gault and Alcorn, left to guard the bodies, lost control of the jostling curious; one woman cut off bloody locks of Parker's hair and pieces from her dress, which were subsequently sold as souvenirs. Hinton returned to find a man trying to cut off Barrow's trigger finger, and was sickened by what was occurring. Arriving at the scene, the coroner said he saw the following: \"... nearly everyone had begun collecting souvenirs such as shell casings, slivers of glass from the shattered car windows, and bloody pieces of clothing from the garments of Bonnie and Clyde. One eager man had opened his pocket knife, and was reaching into the car to cut off Clyde's left ear.\"Milner, E.R. [https://books.google.com/books?idbfLXGwAACAAJ The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde.] Southern Illinois University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-8093-2552-7. Published 1996.The coroner enlisted Hamer for help in controlling the \"circus-like atmosphere\", and got people away from the car.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2191476821899414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "H.D. Darby, a young undertaker who worked for the McClure Funeral Parlor in nearby Ruston, and Sophia Stone, a home demonstration agent also from Ruston, came to Arcadia to identify the bodies. They had been kidnapped by the Barrow gang the previous year in Ruston, on April 27, 1933, and released near Waldo, Arkansas. Parker reportedly had laughed when she asked Darby his profession and discovered he was an undertaker. She remarked that maybe someday he would be working on her. Darby assisted Bailey in embalming the outlaws.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.44476318359375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde wished to be buried side by side, but the Parker family would not allow it. Mrs. Parker wanted to grant her daughter's final wish, to be brought home, but the mobs surrounding the Parker house made that impossible. More than 20,000 attended Bonnie Parker's funeral, and her family had difficulty reaching her gravesite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.340585231781006, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Parker's family used the now defunct McKamy-Campbell Funeral Home, then located on Forest Avenue (now Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard) in Dallas, to conduct her funeral. Hubert \"Buster\" Parker accompanied his sister's body to Dallas from Arcadia in the McKamy-Campbell ambulance. Her services were held on Saturday, May 26, 1934, at 2 pm, in the funeral home, directed by Allen D. Campbell. His son, Dr. Allen Campbell, later recalled that flowers came from everywhere, including some with cards allegedly from Pretty Boy Floyd and John Dillinger. The largest floral tribute was sent by a group of Dallas city newsboys; the sudden end of Bonnie and Clyde sold 500,000 newspapers in Dallas alone. Although initially buried in the Fishtrap Cemetery, Parker was moved in 1945 to the new Crown Hill Cemetery in Dallas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.490612983703613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "The life insurance policies for both Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were paid in full by American National of Galveston. Since then, the policy of payouts has changed to exclude payouts in cases of deaths caused by any criminal act by the insured. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7910678386688232, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Dallas Sheriff Schmid had previously warned Clyde Barrow before an ambush at Sowers, Texas in November 1933. When he called \"Halt!\", gunfire erupted from the outlaw car, it made a quick U-turn, and he saw rapidly vanishing taillights. Hinton later said it was \"the most futile gesture of the week.\" When the two Louisiana posse officers discussed calling \"Halt!\", the four Texans \"vetoed the idea,\" telling them that Clyde's history had always been to shoot his way out, as had occurred in Platte City, Dexfield Park, and Sowers. It is unlikely that Hamer planned to give warning, but Oakley stood up and opened fire; after a beat, the other officers joined him in firing. Later, Jordan was reported as saying he called out to Barrow, Alcorn said Hamer called out, and Hinton claimed Alcorn did. In another report, they each said they both did. These conflicting claims most likely were collegial attempts to divert the focus from their gun-jumping associate Oakley, who later admitted firing too early.Guinn, p. 357.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.346868991851807, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Different sources have noted five occasions when Bonnie Parker may or may not have fired shots during crises faced by the gang. The number of shots is unimportant as she never hit anyone, let alone murdered. But, she was an accomplice to 100 or more felony criminal acts during her two-year career in crime, including eight murders, seven kidnappings, half-a-dozen bank robberies, scores of felony armed robberies, countless automobile thefts, one major jailbreak and an episode of assault and battery, at a time when being a \"habitual criminal\" was a capital offense in Texas. Because her gang kept on the run, Parker stayed a step ahead of legal entanglements.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.26457405090332, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "By November 1933, W.D. Jones was in custody and supplying details of the gang's 1933 activities; a grand jury was empaneled in Dallas to hear material and decide on indictments. On November 28, the grand jury indicted Parker, Barrow, and Jones for the murder of Deputy Malcolm Davis in January; Judge Nolan G. Williams of Criminal District Court No. 2 issued arrest warrants for Parker and Barrow for murder. Parker's assistance in the raid on Eastham prison in January 1934 earned her the enmity of a wide group of influential Texans. After being linked to the Grapevine murders, she was marked by a bounty set by the head of the Highway Patrol, and the Governor. Five days later, Barrow and Henry Methvin killed Constable Campbell in Commerce, Oklahoma; the Oklahoma murder warrant named \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe\" as his killers. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.138812303543091, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "In 1979, Ted Hinton's as-told-to account of the ambush was published posthumously as Ambush. His version of the Methvin family's involvement in the planning and execution of the ambush was that the posse had tied Henry Methvin's father Ivy to a tree the previous night, to keep him from warning the outlaws off. Hinton claimed that Hamer made a deal with Ivy Methvin: keep quiet about being tied up, and his son would escape prosecution for the Grapevine murders. Hinton alleged that Hamer made every member of the posse swear they would never divulge this secret. Other accounts, however, place Methvin Senior at the center of the action, not tied up but on the road, waving for Clyde Barrow to stop Hinton's memoir suggests that the stogie in the famous \"cigar photo\" of Bonnie had been a rose, and it was retouched as a cigar by darkroom staff at the Joplin Globe while preparing the photo for publication. Guinn says that \"some people who knew [Hinton] suspect he became delusional late in life.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.270364761352539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Blanche Barrow's injuries left her permanently blinded in her left eye. After the 1933 shootout at Dexfield Park, she was taken into custody on the charge of \"Assault With Intent to Kill.\" She was sentenced to ten years in prison but was paroled in 1939 for good behavior. She returned to Dallas, leaving her life of crime in the past, and lived with her invalid father as his caregiver. She married Eddie Frasure in 1940, worked as a taxi cab dispatcher and a beautician, and completed the terms of her parole one year later. She lived in peace with her husband until he died of cancer in 1969. Warren Beatty approached her to purchase the rights to her name for use in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde. While she agreed to the original script, she objected to her characterization in the final film, describing Estelle Parsons's Academy Award-winning portrayal of her as \"a screaming horse's ass.\" Despite this, she maintained a firm friendship with Beatty. She died from cancer at the age of 77 on December 24, 1988, and was buried in Dallas's Grove Hill Memorial Park under the name \"Blanche B. Frasure\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.294651985168457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Substitute protégé Henry Methvin's ambush-earned Texas pardon didn't help him in Oklahoma, where he was convicted of the 1934 murder of Constable Campbell at Commerce. He was paroled in 1942 and killed by a train in 1948; it was said that he fell asleep, drunk, on the tracks, but there were rumors that he had been pushed by parties seeking revenge for his betrayal of Clyde Barrow. His father Ivy had been killed in 1946 by a hit-and-run driver, and here too there was talk of foul play. Bonnie Parker's husband Roy Thornton was sentenced to five years in prison for burglary in March 1933. He was killed by guards on October 3, 1937, during an escape attempt from Eastham Farm prison. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.160385131835938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Prentiss Oakley", "passage": "In the years after the ambush, Prentiss Oakley, who all six possemen agree fired the first shots, was reported to have been troubled by his actions. He often admitted to his friends that he had fired prematurely and he was the only posse member to express regret publicly. He would go on to succeed Henderson Jordan as sheriff of Bienville Parish in 1940.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.248811721801758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The bullet-riddled Ford which Bonnie and Clyde had driven when they were killed became a popular traveling attraction that was initially displayed at fairs, amusement parks and flea markets for three decades, and became a fixture at a Nevada race track where it could be sat in for a dollar. The car eventually changed hands between casinos after settling momentarily in a Las Vegas car museum in the 1980s, moving between Iowa, Missouri and Nevada. The car is currently on display at Whiskey Pete's in Primm, Nevada. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038877487182617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "On April 1, 2011, the 77th anniversary of the Grapevine murders, Texas Rangers, troopers and DPS staff presented the Yellow Rose of Texas commendation to Ella Wheeler-McLeod, 95, the last surviving sibling of highway patrolman Edward Bryan Wheeler, killed that Easter Sunday by the Barrow Gang. They presented McLeod, of San Antonio, with a plaque and framed portrait of her brother. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.438591003417969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Hollywood has treated the story of Bonnie and Clyde several times, most notably:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488870620727539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "* Dorothy Provine starred in the film The Bonnie Parker Story (1958), directed by William Witney.Walker, John, ed. (1994). Halliwell's Film Guide. New York: Harper Perennial. ISBN 0-06-273241-2. p. 150", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.45423698425293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* Arthur Penn directed the best-known version of the tale, Bonnie and Clyde (1967), which starred Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.543428421020508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* In December 1967 Serge Gainsbourg and Brigitte Bardot recorded the song \"Bonnie and Clyde\", which conveys a highly romanticized account of the pair. The song, one of Gainsbourg's most famous and popular ones, was released in January 1968 on the LP Brigitte Bardot et Serge Gainsbourg, Bonnie and Clyde (Fontana 885529). The recording, with its hypnotic, repetitive string motif and eerie vocals and sound effects, has been sampled widely. The English-language version of the track is sung by Gainsbourg alone and the lyrics are from a poem written by Bonnie Parker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.956364631652832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* In 1967 Georgie Fame released a single called \"The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde\" (UK #1), whose lyrics tell of Bonnie's and Clyde's exploits. This song was inspired by the movie about them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.309261322021484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* In 1968 Mel Torme wrote and performed the song \"A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde\", featured on his album of the same name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47426700592041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* In 1968 Merle Haggard recorded \"The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449636459350586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "* In 1996 the German punk band Die Toten Hosen released the song \"Bonnie & Clyde\" on their seventh album Opium fürs Volk.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478070259094238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* In 2015 the American shoegaze band The Stargazer Lilies released the song \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as a single.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.527079582214355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "* In 2016 independent rock band The Cooch Experiment released the song \"Bonnie and Clyde\" on their debut album Starry Robe Sessions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.531302452087402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "* On November 20, 2009, La Jolla Playhouse presented the world premiere of the musical Bonnie & Clyde. The production was adapted from the book by Ivan Menchell with music written by Frank Wildhorn and lyrics by Don Black. The cast was led by Laura Osnes as Bonnie and Stark Sands as Clyde. The musical won the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle's Award for Outstanding New Musical and director Jeff Calhoun was honored for Best Direction of a Musical.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374317169189453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "* The next production ran at the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota, Florida from November 12, 2010 through December 19, 2010, directed again by Jeff Calhoun. In this production Laura Osnes starred once more as Bonnie (for which she has received a nomination for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the 2011–2012 year) and Jeremy Jordan starred in the role of Clyde, Melissa van der Schyff as Blanche Barrow, and Claybourne Elder as Buck Barrow. Bonnie & Clyde began previews on Broadway on November 4, 2011, with an official opening on December 1, 2011. The show closed on December 30, 2011 after 69 performances. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.80748462677002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "* In the TV film, Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story (1992), Tracey Needham played Bonnie while Clyde was portrayed by Dana Ashbrook. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371668815612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "* Bruce Beresford directed a television miniseries, Bonnie & Clyde, which aired on Lifetime, History Channel, and A&E on December 8 and 9, 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433119773864746, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "*The Barrow gang's criminal career was featured in Season 28 of American Experience episode 'Bonnie & Clyde'. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.331888198852539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The Bonnie and Clyde Festival", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530909538269043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Every year near the anniversary of the ambush, a \"Bonnie and Clyde Festival\" is hosted in the town of Gibsland, off Interstate 20 in Bienville Parish. The ambush location, still comparatively isolated on Louisiana Highway 154, south of Gibsland, is commemorated by a stone marker that has been defaced to near illegibility by souvenir hunters and gunshot. A small metal version was added to accompany the stone monument. It was stolen, as was its replacement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.278071403503418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Through the decades, many cultural historians have analyzed Bonnie's and Clyde's enduring appeal to the public imagination. E.R. Milner, an historian, writer, and expert on Bonnie and Clyde and their era, put the duo's enduring appeal to the public, both during the Depression and continuing on through the decades, into historical and cultural perspective. To those people who, as Milner says, \"consider themselves outsiders, or oppose the existing system,\" Bonnie and Clyde represent the ultimate outsiders, revolting against an uncaring system. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.791035652160645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "\"The country's money simply declined by 38 percent\", explains Milner, author of The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. \"Gaunt, dazed men roamed the city streets seeking jobs ... Breadlines and soup kitchens became jammed. (In rural areas) foreclosures forced more than 38 percent of farmers from their lands (while simultaneously) a catastrophic drought struck the Great Plains ... By the time Bonnie and Clyde became well known, many had felt that the capitalistic system had been abused by big business and government officials ... Now here were Bonnie and Clyde striking back.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.245880126953125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Who Were Bonnie and Clyde?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357455253601074, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Overview of Bonnie and Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507072448730469, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In some ways it was easy to romanticize Bonnie and Clyde. They were a young couple in love who were out on the open road, running from the \"big, bad law\" who were \"out to get them.\" Clyde's impressive driving skill got the gang out of many close calls, while Bonnie's poetry won the hearts of many. (Clyde loved Fords so much, he even wrote a letter to Henry Ford himself!)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173515319824219, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Profile of Bonnie and Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.501012802124023, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Although Bonnie and Clyde had killed people, they were equally known for kidnapping policemen who had caught up to them and then driving them around for hours only to release them, unharmed, hundreds of miles away. The two seemed like they were on an adventure, having fun while easily side-stepping the law.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.756052017211914, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "As with any image, the truth behind Bonnie and Clyde was far from their portrayal in the newspapers. Bonnie and Clyde were responsible for 13 murders, some of whom were innocent people, killed during one of Clyde's many bungled robberies. Bonnie and Clyde lived out of their car, stealing new cars as often as possible, and lived off the money they stole from small grocery stores and gas stations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.119725227355957, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "While Bonnie and Clyde sometimes robbed banks, they never managed to walk away with very much money. Bonnie and Clyde were desperate criminals, constantly fearing what they were sure was to come -- dying in a hail of bullets from a police ambush.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18186092376709, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker was born on October 1, 1910 in Rowena, Texas as the second of three children to Henry and Emma Parker. The family lived somewhat comfortably off Henry Parker's job as a bricklayer, but when he died unexpectedly in 1914, Emma Parker moved the family in with her mother in the small town of Cement City, Texas (now part of Dallas).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.755408763885498, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "From all accounts, Bonnie Parker was beautiful. She stood 4' 11\" and weighed a mere 90 pounds. She did well in school and loved to write poetry. ( Two poems that she wrote while on the run helped make her famous.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.288261413574219, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Roy Thornton", "passage": "Bored with her average life, Bonnie dropped out of school at age 16 and married Roy Thornton. The marriage wasn't a happy one and Roy began to spend a lot of time away from home by 1927. Two years later, Roy was caught for robbery and sentenced to five years in prison. They never divorced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.430082321166992, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow was born on March 24, 1909 in Telico, Texas as the sixth of eight children to Henry and Cummie Barrow. Clyde's parents were tenant farmers , often not making enough money to feed their children. During the rough times, Clyde was frequently sent to live with other relatives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.365852355957031, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde Meet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513455390930176, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In January 1930, Bonnie and Clyde met at a mutual friend's house. The attraction was instantaneous. A few weeks after they met, Clyde was sentenced to two years in prison for past crimes. Bonnie was devastated at his arrest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344822883605957, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "On one of Clyde's first robberies after he was released, Bonnie went with him. The plan was for the Barrow Gang to rob a hardware store. (The members of the Barrow Gang changed often, but at different times included Bonnie and Clyde, Ray Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Buck Barrow, Blanche Barrow, and Henry Methvin.) Although she stayed in the car during the robbery, Bonnie was captured and put in the Kaufman, Texas jail. She was later released for lack of evidence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.100841522216797, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "For the next two years, Bonnie and Clyde drove and robbed across five states: Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Louisiana, and  New Mexico . They usually stayed close to the border to aid their getaway, using the fact that police at that time could not cross state borders to follow a criminal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33219051361084, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "What the law did not realize (until W.D. Jones , a member of the Barrow Gang, told them once he was captured) was that Bonnie and Clyde made frequent trips back to Dallas, Texas to see their families.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.600687503814697, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde had almost been on the run for a year when Clyde's brother Buck was released from Huntsville prison in March 1933. Although Bonnie and Clyde were being hunted by numerous law enforcement agencies (for they had by then committed several murders, robbed a number of banks, stolen numerous cars, and held up dozens of small grocery stores and gas stations), they decided to rent an apartment in Joplin, Missouri to have a reunion with Buck and Buck's wife, Blanche .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.276996612548828, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Although the police did not capture Bonnie and Clyde that day, they found a treasure trove of information left in the apartment. Most notably, they found rolls of undeveloped film, which, once developed, revealed the now-famous images of Bonnie and Clyde in various poses, holding guns.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.200610160827637, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Also in the apartment was Bonnie's first poem,  \"The Story of Suicide Sal.\"  The pictures, the poem, and their getaway, all made Bonnie and Clyde more famous.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544475555419922, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde continued driving, frequently changing cars, and trying to stay ahead of the law who were getting closer and closer to capturing them. Suddenly, in June 1933 near Wellington, Texas, they had an accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297874450683594, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "About a month after the accident, Bonnie and Clyde (plus Buck, Blanche, and W.D. Jones) checked into two cabins at the Red Crown Tavern near Platte City, Missouri. On the night of July 19, 1933, police, having been tipped off by local citizens, surrounded the cabins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400529861450195, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Once in the car, Clyde and his gang made their escape, with Clyde driving and W.D. Jones firing a machine gun. As the Barrow Gang roared off into the night, the police kept shooting and managed to shoot out two of the car's tires and shattered one of the car's windows. The shattered glass severely damaged one of Blanche's eyes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.499103546142578, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Unbeknownst to Bonnie and Clyde and the gang, the police had been alerted to their presence at the campsite by a local farmer who had found bloodied bandages.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.315651893615723, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "The local police gathered over a hundred police, National Guardsmen , vigilantes, and local farmers and surrounded the Barrow Gang. On the morning of July 24, 1933, Bonnie noticed the policemen closing in and screamed. This alerted Clyde and W.D. Jones to pick up their guns and start shooting.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.349664688110352, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "So completely outnumbered, it is amazing that any of the Barrow Gang survived the onslaught. Buck, unable to move far, kept shooting. Buck was hit several times while Blanche stayed by his side. Clyde hopped into one of their two cars but he was then shot in the arm and crashed the car into a tree.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.342466354370117, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde took several months to recuperate, but by November 1933, they were back out robbing and stealing. They now had to be extra careful, for they realized that local citizens might recognize them and turn them in, as they had done at the Red Crown Tavern and Dexfield Park. To avoid public scrutiny, they lived in their car, driving during the day and sleeping in it at night.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20590591430664, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Also in November 1933, W.D. Jones was captured and began telling his story to the police. During their interrogations with Jones, the police learned of the close ties that Bonnie and Clyde had with their family. This gave the police a lead. By watching Bonnie and Clyde's families, the police were able to establish an ambush when Bonnie and Clyde tried to contact them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.126818656921387, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Rather than get revenge on the lawmen near Dallas who had threatened the lives of his family, Clyde took revenge on the Eastham Prison Farm. In January 1934, Bonnie and Clyde helped Clyde's old friend, Raymond Hamilton, break out of Eastham. During the escape, a guard was killed and several extra prisoners hopped into the car with Bonnie and Clyde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25291919708252, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "One of these prisoners was Henry Methvin . After the other convicts eventually went their own way, including Raymond Hamilton (who eventually left after a dispute with Clyde), Methvin stayed on with Bonnie and Clyde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23122787475586, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The crime spree continued, including the brutal murder of two motorcycle cops, but the end was near. Methvin and his family were to play a role in Bonnie and Clyde's demise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34036922454834, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The police used their knowledge of Bonnie and Clyde to plan their next move. Realizing how tied to family Bonnie and Clyde had become, the police guessed that Bonnie, Clyde, and Henry were on their way to visit Iverson Methvin, Henry Methvin's father, in May 1934.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.292694091796875, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "When police learned that Henry Methvin had accidentally become separated from Bonnie and Clyde on the evening of May 19, 1934, they realized this was their chance to set up an ambush. Since it was assumed that Bonnie and Clyde would search for Henry at his father's farm, the police planned an ambush along the road Bonnie and Clyde were expected to travel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235889434814453, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "While waiting along Highway 154 between Sailes and Gibsland, Louisiana, the six lawmen who planned to ambush Bonnie and Clyde confiscated Iverson Methvin's old truck, put it on a car jack, and removed one of its tires. The truck was then strategically placed along the road with the expectation that if Clyde saw Iverson's car pulled to the side, he would slow down and investigate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35507869720459, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde had little time to react. The police shot over 130 bullets at the couple, killing both Clyde and Bonnie quickly. When the shooting ended, the policemen found that the back of Clyde's head had exploded and part of Bonnie's right hand had been shot off.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.345767974853516, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Both Bonnie and Clyde's bodies were taken back to Dallas where they were put on public view. Large crowds gathered to get a glimpse of the famous pair. Although Bonnie had requested that she be buried with Clyde, they were buried separately in two different cemeteries according to their families' wishes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.705334663391113, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477721214294434, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474154472351074, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "For other uses, see Bonnie and Clyde (disambiguation) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40395736694336, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474154472351074, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde in March 1933, in a photo found by police at the Joplin, Missouri hideout.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373682975769043, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3165106773376465, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Author-historian Jeff Guinn explains that it was the release of these very photos that put the outlaws on the media map and launched their legend: \" John Dillinger had matinee-idol good looks and Pretty Boy Floyd had the best possible nickname, but the Joplin photos introduced new criminal superstars with the most titillating trademark of all—illicit sex. Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker were young and unmarried. They undoubtedly slept together—after all, the girl smoked cigars... Without Bonnie, the media outside Texas might have dismissed Clyde as a gun-toting punk, if it ever considered him at all. With her sassy photographs, Bonnie supplied the sex-appeal, the oomph, that allowed the two of them to transcend the small-scale thefts and needless killings that actually comprised their criminal careers.\" [6]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.800489902496338, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker[ edit ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.720602035522461, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker with 1932 Ford V-8 B-400 convertible sedan. Captured Joplin film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611644744873047, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in Rowena, Texas , the second of three children. Her father, Charles Parker, a bricklayer, died when Bonnie was four. [7] Her mother, Emma Krause, moved with the children to her parents' home in Cement City, an industrial suburb of Dallas , where she found work as a garment sewer. [8] Parker was one of the best students in her high school, winning top prizes in spelling, writing and public speaking. [9] As an adult, her fondness for writing found expression in poems such as \"The Story of Suicide Sal\" [10] and \"The Trail's End\" (known since as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde\" [11] ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.153156757354736, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Roy Thornton", "passage": "Parker did not date until she was in her second year of high school, [12] but in that year she fell in love with a classmate, Roy Thornton, whose good looks and smart clothes caught her schoolgirl's eye. [13] The two quit school and were married on September 25, 1926, six days before Parker's sixteenth birthday. [14] Their marriage, marked by his frequent absences and brushes with the law, was short-lived, and after January 1929 their paths never crossed again. But they were never divorced, and Parker was wearing Thornton's wedding ring when she died. [15] Thornton was in prison in 1934 when he learned of his wife's ambush; his reaction was, \"I'm glad they went out like they did. It's much better than being caught.\" [13]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.69308090209961, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "In 1929, between the breakdown of her marriage and her first meeting with Clyde Barrow in January 1930, Parker lived with her mother and worked as a waitress in Dallas; one of her regular customers in the café was postal worker Ted Hinton , who would join the Dallas Sheriff's Department in 1932 and, as a posse member, would participate in her ambush in 1934. [16] In the diary she kept briefly early in 1929, she wrote of her desperate loneliness, her impatience with life in provincial Dallas, and her love of a newfangled technology — talking pictures . [17]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4614460468292236, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow[ edit ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.018305778503418, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow in 1926, aged 16", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.761632442474365, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow [18] was born in Ellis County, Texas , near Telico , a town just south of Dallas . [19] He was the fifth of seven children of Henry Basil Barrow (1874–1957) and Cumie T. Walker (1874–1943), a desperately poor farming family that emigrated, piecemeal, to Dallas in the early 1920s as part of a wave of resettlement from the impoverished nearby farms to the impoverished urban slum known as West Dallas. It was a place of flimsy shanties and tent cities, piles of garbage and teeming open sewers, swarming insects and rampaging epidemics. The Barrows had neither shanty nor tent: they spent their first months living under their wagon. When father Henry had earned enough money to buy a tent, it was a major step up for the family. [20]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.621886134147644, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde was first arrested in late 1926, after running when police confronted him over a rental car he had failed to return on time. His second arrest, with brother Marvin \"Buck\" Barrow , came soon after, this time for possession of stolen goods ( turkeys ). Despite having legitimate jobs during the period 1927 through 1929, he also cracked safes, robbed stores, and stole cars. After sequential arrests in 1928 and 1929, his luck ran out and he was sent to Eastham Prison Farm in April 1930. While in prison, he was sexually assaulted repeatedly for over a year by a dominant inmate, whose skull he eventually fractured with a length of pipe. [21] It was Clyde Barrow's first killing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.322350025177002, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "In his post-Eastham career, he focused on smaller jobs, robbing grocery stores and gas stations, at a rate far outpacing the mere ten to fifteen bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow Gang. Barrow's favored weapon was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (called a BAR). According to John Neal Phillips, Barrow's goal in life was not to gain fame or fortune from robbing banks, but to seek revenge against the Texas prison system for the abuses he suffered while serving time. [25]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.260809421539307, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "37°03′06″N 94°31′00″W / 37.051671°N 94.516693°W / 37.051671; -94.516693 (Site of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow Garage Apartment)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.47278356552124, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "The group escaped the police at Joplin, but left most of their possessions at the rented apartment: Buck and Blanche's marriage license, Buck's parole papers (only three weeks old), a large arsenal—and a handwritten poem and camera with several rolls of exposed film. [48] The film was developed at The Joplin Globe and yielded many now-famous photos of Barrow, Parker and Jones clowning and pointing ordnance at one another. [49] When the poem and the photos, including one featuring the poetess clenching a cigar in her teeth and a pistol in her fist, went out on the newly installed newswire, the obscure fivesome from Dallas became front page news across America as The Barrow Gang, fully illustrated and with the rhyming-couplet \"Story of 'Suicide Sal'\" as a seeming instant backstory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8229349851608276, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "For the next three months, they ranged from Texas as far north as Minnesota . In May, they attempted to rob the bank in Lucerne, Indiana [50] and robbed the bank in Okabena, Minnesota . [51] Previously they had kidnapped Dillard Darby and Sophia Stone at Ruston, Louisiana , in the course of stealing Darby's car; this was one of several incidents between 1932 and 1934 in which they kidnapped lawmen or robbery victims, [52] usually releasing them far from home, sometimes with money to help them return. [4] [53] Stories of these encounters made headlines, but so too did the darker encounters. The Barrow Gang would not hesitate to shoot anyone, lawman or civilian, who got in their way. Other members of the Barrow Gang known or thought to have committed murders included Raymond Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Buck Barrow and Henry Methvin. Eventually, the cold-bloodedness of the killings would not only sour the public perception of the outlaws, but lead directly to their undoing. [54]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.076633930206299, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "While the photos in the papers might have suggested a glamorous lifestyle for the Barrow Gang, in reality they were desperate and discontented, as noted in the account of their life written by Blanche Barrow while she was in jail through the latter 1930s. [55] With their new fame—some would say notoriety—came difficulty in the smallest tasks of everyday living. Restaurants and tourist courts became less and less of an option; cooking and bathing became campfire and cold-stream propositions. [56] The unrelieved, round-the-clock proximity of life among two couples, plus a fifth-wheel, in one car gave rise to vicious bickering. [57] [58] So unpleasant did it become that W.D. Jones, who was the actual wheelman in the theft of Dillard Darby's car in late April, used that car to get himself separated from the others—and managed to stay separated throughout May and up until June 8. [59]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3814735412597656, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "When Clyde and Jones went into town [71] to purchase bandages, crackers, cheese, and atropine sulfate to treat Bonnie's leg, [72] the druggist contacted Sheriff Holt Coffey , who put the cabins under watch. Coffey had been alerted by Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas to be on the lookout for strangers seeking such supplies. The sheriff contacted Captain Baxter, who called for reinforcements from Kansas City including an armored car . [66] At 11 p.m. that night, Sheriff Coffey led a group of officers armed with Thompson submachine guns toward the cabins. [73] But in a pitched gunfight at considerable distances, the submachine guns proved no match for Clyde Barrow's preferred Browning Automatic Rifles , stolen July 7 from the National Guard armory at Enid, Oklahoma . [74] The Barrows laid down withering fire and made their escape when a bullet short-circuited the horn on the armored car [75] and the lawmen mistook it for a cease-fire signal. They did not pursue the retreating Barrow automobile. [66]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.165702819824219, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "41°33′52″N 94°13′44″W / 41.564388°N 94.228942°W / 41.564388; -94.228942 (Site of Barrow Gang shootout at Dexfield Park, IA)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.44084644317627, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker crossed an ominous personal threshold the following week when on November 28, a Dallas grand jury delivered a murder indictment on her and Barrow for the January 1933 killing of Tarrant County Deputy Malcolm Davis; [83] it was the first murder warrant issued for Parker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8100156784057617, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "During the jailbreak, escapee Joe Palmer shot prison officer Major Joe Crowson [85] and this act would eventually bring the full power of the Texas and federal governments to bear on the manhunt for Barrow and Parker. As Crowson struggled for life, prison chief Lee Simmons reportedly promised him that all persons involved in the breakout would be hunted down and killed, [25] and all were, except for Henry Methvin, whose life would eventually be exchanged for turning Barrow and Parker over to authorities. [25] The Texas Department of Corrections then contacted former Texas Ranger Captain Frank A. Hamer , and persuaded him to accept an assignment to hunt down the Barrow Gang. Though retired, Hamer had retained his commission, which had not yet expired. [86] He accepted the assignment as a Texas Highway Patrol officer, secondarily assigned to the prison system as a special investigator, and given the specific task of hunting down Bonnie, Clyde and the Barrow Gang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.4177508354187012, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, the Barrow Gang's relentless shadow after the embarrassing Eastham prison breakout.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.787676811218262, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "But in the spring of 1934, the reality of the Grapevine killings had far less impact on events than did the public's perception of them: All four Dallas daily papers seized on the story told by the eyewitness, a farmer, who claimed to have seen Parker throw her head back and laugh at the way Patrolman Murphy's head \"bounced like a rubber ball\" on the ground as she pumped bullets into his prone body. [97] The stories even claimed that police found a cigar butt \"with tiny teeth marks\" that could only be attributed to the diminutive Parker. [98] Things got worse several days later when Murphy's intended bride walked into his funeral wearing her wedding gown [99] and sparked another round of photo-supported coverage in the papers. The eyewitness's ever-changing story was soon discredited, but not in time for Barrow and Parker: the massive negative publicity, against Parker in particular, accelerated the public clamor for the extermination of the remaining elements of the Barrow Gang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1331068277359009, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Public hostility only increased when, just five days later, Barrow and Methvin killed 60 year-old Constable William \"Cal\" Campbell, a widower single father, near Commerce, Oklahoma . [102] They kidnapped Commerce police chief Percy Boyd, drove around with him, crossing the state line into Kansas, and then let him out with a clean shirt, a few dollars and a request from Parker to tell the world she didn't smoke cigars. The outlaws didn't realize at their upbeat parting that Boyd would identify both Barrow and Parker to authorities—he never learned the name of the sullen youth who was with them—and when the resultant arrest warrant was issued for the Campbell murder, it specified \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe.\" [103] Historian Knight writes: \"For the first time, Bonnie was seen as a killer, actually pulling the trigger—just like Clyde. Whatever chance she had for clemency had just been reduced.\" [100]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2777601480484009, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "32°26′29″N 93°05′33″W / 32.441298°N 93.092493°W / 32.441298; -93.092493 (Site of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow Ambush)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.673757076263428, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "32°26′32″N 93°05′27″W / 32.442086°N 93.090964°W / 32.442086; -93.090964 (Site of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow Ambush Monuments)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.281696796417236, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Amidst the lingering gunsmoke at the ambush site, the temporarily deafened officers inspected the vehicle and discovered an arsenal of weapons including stolen automatic rifles, sawed-off semi-automatic shotguns, assorted handguns, and several thousand rounds of ammunition, along with fifteen sets of license plates from various states. [107] Word of the ambush quickly got around when Hamer, Jordan, Oakley, and Hinton drove into town to telephone their respective bosses. A crowd soon gathered at the spot, and Gault and Alcorn, who had been left to guard the bodies, lost control of the jostling curious; one woman cut off bloody locks of Parker's hair and pieces from her dress, which were subsequently sold as souvenirs. Hinton returned to find a man trying to cut off Barrow's trigger finger, and was sickened by what was occurring. [108] The coroner , arriving on the scene, saw the following: \"...nearly everyone had begun collecting souvenirs such as shell casings, slivers of glass from the shattered car windows, and bloody pieces of clothing from the garments of Bonnie and Clyde. One eager man had opened his pocket knife, and was reaching into the car to cut off Clyde's left ear.\" [116] The coroner enlisted Hamer for help in controlling the \"circus-like atmosphere\", and only then did people move away from the car. [116]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.558650493621826, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The bullet-riddled Ford containing the two bodies was towed to the Conger Furniture Store & Funeral Parlor on Railroad Avenue in downtown Arcadia , Louisiana across from the Illinois Central train station (which is now a historical museum containing Bonnie and Clyde artifacts[ citation needed ]). Preliminary embalming was done by Bailey in the small preparation room in back of the furniture store. [117] It was estimated that the northwest Louisiana town swelled in population from 2,000 to 12,000 within hours, the curious throngs arriving by train, horseback, buggy, and plane. Beer which normally sold for 15 cents a bottle jumped to 25 cents; ham sandwiches quickly sold out. [118] After identifying his son's body, an emotional Henry Barrow sat in a rocking chair in the furniture part of the Conger establishment and wept. [117]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.010436058044434, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "H.D. Darby, a young undertaker who worked for the McClure Funeral Parlor in nearby Ruston, Louisiana , and Sophia Stone, a home demonstration agent also from Ruston, came to Arcadia to identify the bodies. [117] They had been kidnapped by the Barrow gang the previous year [119] in Ruston, on April 27, 1933, and released near Waldo, Arkansas . Parker reportedly had laughed when she asked Darby his profession and discovered he was an undertaker. She remarked that maybe someday he would be working on her. [117] As it turned out, she could be no closer to the truth: Darby assisted Bailey in embalming the outlaws. [117]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.490375518798828, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker's grave, inscribed with: As the flowers are all made sweeter by the sunshine and the dew, so this old world is made brighter by the lives of folks like you 32°52′03″N 96°51′50″W / 32.8674164°N 96.8639145°W / 32.8674164; -96.8639145 (Burial site of Bonnie Elizabeth Parker)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817523956298828, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde wished to be buried side by side, but the Parker family would not allow it. Mrs. Parker had wanted to grant her daughter's final wish, which was to be brought home, but the mobs surrounding the Parker house made that impossible. [120] Over 20,000 people turned out for Bonnie Parker's funeral, making it difficult for her family to reach the grave site. [120]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.97239875793457, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Parker's family used the now defunct McKamy-Campbell Funeral Home, [121] then located on Forest Avenue (now Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard) in Dallas , to conduct her funeral. Hubert \"Buster\" Parker accompanied his sister’s body back to Dallas in the McKamy-Campbell ambulance. Her services were held on Saturday, May 26, 1934, at 2 pm, in the funeral home, directed by Allen D. Campbell. [117] His son, Dr. Allen Campbell, later remembered that flowers came from everywhere, including some with cards allegedly from Pretty Boy Floyd and John Dillinger . [117] The largest floral tribute was sent by a group of Dallas city newsboys; the sudden end of Bonnie and Clyde sold 500,000 newspapers in Dallas alone. [122] Soloists at the funeral included Dudley M Hughes Sr., who later was to become the prominent operator of four large Dallas funeral homes. Although initially buried in the Fishtrap Cemetery, Parker was moved, in 1945, to the new Crown Hill Cemetery in Dallas. The next year, services for Raymond Hamilton, a member of the Barrow Gang who was executed on May 10, 1935 by the State of Texas, were also held at the McKamy-Campbell Funeral Home. [117]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.791543483734131, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow", "passage": "Clyde and Buck Barrow's grave, inscribed with: Gone but not forgotten 32°45′56″N 96°50′45″W / 32.7655373°N 96.8458633°W / 32.7655373; -96.8458633 (Burial site of Clyde Chestnut Barrow)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.08880615234375, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "The efficacy of calling out a warning to Clyde Barrow before an ambush was demonstrated by Dallas Sheriff Schmid at Sowers, Texas in November 1933. At his call of \"Halt!\" there was a smattering of gunfire from the outlaw car, a sweeping U-turn, and then rapidly vanishing taillights: Ambush over. [130] Hinton later called it \"the most futile gesture of the week.\" [131] So when the two Louisiana officers on the posse assumed that calling \"Halt!\" would be the prelude to the bullets, the four Texans \"vetoed the idea,\" [132] hurrying to inform them [110] that Clyde's history had always been to shoot his way out of seemingly hopeless entrapments, like Platte City, Dexfield Park, and Sowers. [133] It is unlikely that Hamer planned to give any warning, but the matter became moot when Deputy Oakley simply stood up and opened fire; after a beat, the startled possemen joined him in the fusillade. [110] In their descriptions of the event, Jordan said he called out to Barrow, [134] Alcorn said Hamer called out, [135] and Hinton claimed Alcorn did, [108] while in another paper that same day, they each said they both did. [136] These conflicting claims most likely were collegial attempts to divert the focus from their gun-jumping associate Oakley, who admitted in subsequent years that he fired prematurely. [137]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.717005252838135, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Different and disparate sources have cited five occasions when Bonnie Parker may or may not have fired shots during crises faced by the gang. [138] The number of shots is unimportant as she never hit anyone, let alone directly murdered. She was, however, an accomplice to a hundred or more felony criminal actions during her two-year career in crime including eight murders, [139] seven kidnappings, [140] half-a-dozen bank robberies, [141] scores of felony armed robberies, countless automobile thefts, one major jailbreak [142] and an episode of assault and battery [143] at a time when being a \"habitual criminal\" was a capital offense in Texas. [144] Because of their far-flung, rural base of operations and will o' the wisp modus operandi, Parker was able to stay a step ahead of the tide of legal paperwork that inevitably follows a crime spree the scope of hers and Barrow's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.405122756958008, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "In 1979, Ted Hinton's as-told-to account of the ambush was published posthumously as Ambush, and it attempted to change the complexion of the Methvin family's involvement in the planning and execution of the ambush. According to Hinton, the posse had tied Henry Methvin's father, Ivy, to a tree the previous night, to keep him from possibly warning the outlaws off. [108] Hamer, Hinton claimed, made Ivy Methvin a deal: keep quiet about being tied up, and his son would be pardoned for the murder of the two young highway patrolmen at Grapevine, a pardon which Henry Methvin did eventually receive. [108] Hinton alleged that Hamer made every member of the posse swear they would never divulge this secret. Other accounts, however, place Methvin Senior at the very center of the action that morning, not tied up but right down on the road, waving for Clyde Barrow to stop—having cut Henry's pardon deal several weeks before. [100] John Treherne posits a less sinister explanation: Hamer, he says, may well have floated the tied-to-a-tree scenario to give Ivy Methvin an \"alibi\" in the event that Barrow escaped the ambush or the family later wanted revenge against a betrayer. [149] Hinton's odd memoir also propounds the tale that the offending stogie in the famous \"cigar photo\" of Bonnie had in fact been a rose in her mouth that was retouched into a cigar by darkroom personnel at the Joplin Globe [150] while they were preparing the photo for publication. [151] Guinn says that \"some people who knew [Hinton] suspect he became delusional late in life.\" [152]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.233141899108887, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Blanche Barrow's injuries left her permanently blinded in her left eye. After the 1933 shootout at Dexfield Park, she was taken into custody on the charge of \"Assault With Intent to Kill.\" She was sentenced to ten years in prison but was paroled in 1939 for good behavior. She returned to Dallas, leaving her life of crime in the past, and lived with her invalid father as his caregiver. She married Eddie Frasure in 1940, worked as a taxi cab dispatcher and a beautician, and completed the terms of her parole one year later. She lived in peace with her husband until he died of cancer in 1969. Warren Beatty approached her to purchase the rights to her name for use in the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde . While she agreed to the original script, she objected to her characterization in the final film, describing Estelle Parsons's Academy Award -winning portrayal of her as \"a screaming horse's ass.\" Despite this, she maintained a firm friendship with Beatty. She died from cancer at the age of 77 on December 24, 1988, and was buried in Dallas's Grove Hill Memorial Park under the name \"Blanche B. Frasure\". [162]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.31741714477539, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Substitute protégé Henry Methvin's ambush-earned Texas pardon didn't help him in Oklahoma, where he was convicted of the 1934 murder of Constable Campbell at Commerce. He was paroled in 1942 and killed by a train in 1948; it was said he fell asleep, drunk, on the tracks, but there were rumors he had been pushed by parties seeking revenge for his betrayal of Clyde Barrow. [168] His father Ivy had been killed in 1946 by a hit-and-run driver, [169] and here too there was talk of foul play. Bonnie Parker's husband Roy Thornton was sentenced to five years in prison for burglary in March 1933. He was killed by guards on October 3, 1937, during an escape attempt from Eastham Farm prison. [13]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.921881675720215, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Prentiss Oakley", "passage": "In the years after the ambush, Prentiss Oakley, who all six possemen agree fired the first shots, [108] [170] was reported to have been troubled by his actions. He often admitted to his friends that he had fired prematurely [137] and he was the only posse member to express regret publicly. He would go on to succeed Henderson Jordan as Bienville Parish sheriff in 1940. [137]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.243464469909668, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "On April 1, 2011, the 77th anniversary of the Grapevine murders, Texas Rangers, troopers and DPS staff presented the Yellow Rose of Texas commendation to Ella Wheeler-McLeod, 95, the last surviving sibling of highway patrolman Edward Bryan Wheeler, killed that Easter Sunday by the Barrow Gang. They presented McLeod, of San Antonio, with a plaque and framed portrait of her brother. [173]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.415399551391602, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The high public profile was a mixed blessing. It certainly made life on the run more dangerous and therefore more difficult. There were more nights sleeping in the car and fewer sleeping in motor courts; [176] picking up laundry at cleaning stores was particularly harrowing. [177] As the noose tightened, Parker composed the fatalistic poem she titled \"The Trail's End,\" known since as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde.\" She gave the handwritten ode to her mother upon their final meeting two weeks before her death and Emma Parker gave it to the press thereafter. [178]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.327303171157837, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Clyde Champion Barrow", "passage": "Six weeks before the couple was ambushed, a letter purportedly written by Barrow arrived at the office of Henry Ford praising his \"dandy car.\" Although the handwriting does not match known samples of Clyde's penmanship, and despite the fact the letter was signed by \"Clyde Champion Barrow\" while Barrow's middle name was Chestnut, the unauthenticated letter is on display in the Ford Museum. [179] It was never used in any form in Ford advertising, nor was a similar letter Ford received around the same time from someone claiming to be John Dillinger , [180] himself ambushed just two months after Barrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4418389797210693, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Dorothy Provine starred in the 1958 movie The Bonnie Parker Story, directed by William Witney . [181]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.527135848999023, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1955, Hermes Nye recorded the a musical rendition of Bonnie Parker's poem \"The Trail's End\" which he called \"Bonnie and Clyde\" on his Texas Folk Songs LP. [183]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.059164047241211, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In December 1967, Serge Gainsbourg with Brigitte Bardot recorded the song \" Bonnie and Clyde \" which conveys a highly romanticized account of the pair. The song, one of Gainsbourg's most famous and popular ones, was released in January 1968 on the LP Brigitte Bardot et Serge Gainsbourg, Bonnie and Clyde (Fontana 885529). The recording, with its hypnotic, repetitive string motif and eerie vocals and sound effects, has been sampled widely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.703912734985352, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1967, Georgie Fame released a single called \" The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde \" (UK #1), whose lyrics tell of Bonnie's and Clyde's exploits. [184] This song was inspired by the movie about them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.291802406311035, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1968, Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs released their album, The Story of Bonnie and Clyde. The album is Columbia Records catalog number CS-9649.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418128967285156, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "On November 20, 2009, La Jolla Playhouse presented the world premiere of the musical Bonnie & Clyde . The production was adapted from the book by Ivan Menchell with music written by Frank Wildhorn and lyrics by Don Black . The cast was led by Laura Osnes as Bonnie and Stark Sands as Clyde. [185] The musical won the San Diego Theatre Critics Circle’s Award for Outstanding New Musical and director Jeff Calhoun was honored for Best Direction of a Musical. The next production ran at the Asolo Repertory Theatre in Sarasota, Florida from November 12, 2010 through December 19, 2010, directed again by Jeff Calhoun. In this production Laura Osnes starred once more as Bonnie and Jeremy Jordan starred in the role of Clyde, Melissa van der Schyff as Blanche Barrow, and Claybourne Elder as Buck Barrow. [186] Bonnie & Clyde began previews on Broadway on November 4, 2011, with an official opening on December 1, 2011. [187] The show closed on December 30, 2011 after 69 performances. [188]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.626803398132324, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The Bonnie and Clyde Festival[ edit ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530062675476074, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Every year near the anniversary of the ambush, a \"Bonnie and Clyde Festival\" is hosted in the town of Gibsland, off Interstate 20 in Bienville Parish. [189] The ambush location, still comparatively isolated on Louisiana Highway 154, south of Gibsland, is commemorated by a stone marker that has been defaced to near illegibility by souvenir hunters and gunshot. [190] A small metal version was added to accompany the stone monument. It was stolen, as was its replacement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252933502197266, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Through the decades, many cultural historians have analyzed Bonnie's and Clyde's enduring appeal to the public imagination. E.R. Milner, an historian, writer, and expert on Bonnie and Clyde and their era, put the duo's enduring appeal to the public, both during the Depression and continuing on through the decades, into historical and cultural perspective. To those people who, as Milner says, \"consider themselves outsiders, or oppose the existing system,\" Bonnie and Clyde represent the ultimate outsiders, revolting against an uncaring system. \" The country’s money simply declined by 38 percent \", explains Milner, author of The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. \"Gaunt, dazed men roamed the city streets seeking jobs... Breadlines and soup kitchens became jammed. (In rural areas) foreclosures forced more than 38 percent of farmers from their lands (while simultaneously) a catastrophic drought struck the Great Plains ... By the time Bonnie and Clyde became well known, many had felt the capitalistic system had been abused by big business and government officials... Now here were Bonnie and Clyde striking back.\" [116]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.205507278442383, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "1000+ images about criminals on Pinterest | Bonnie parker, Barrow and Bonnie clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6903510093688965, "source": "search", "title": "criminals on Pinterest | Bonnie Parker, Barrow and Bonnie ..." }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40427017211914, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "For other uses, see Bonnie and Clyde (disambiguation) .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.40395736694336, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474154472351074, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde in March 1933, in a photo found by police at the Joplin, Missouri hideout.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373682975769043, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3165106773376465, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Author Jeff Guinn, in his 2009 book Go Down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde, explains their appeal: \"Although Clyde and Bonnie were never criminal masterminds or even particularly competent crooks — their two year crime spree was as much a reign of error as terror — the media made them seem like they were, and that was enough to turn them into icons.... Barrow Gang fans liked the idea of colorful young rebels sticking it to bankers and cops. Clyde and Bonnie were even better than actors like Jimmy Cagney who committed crimes onscreen, because they were doing it for real.\" [6]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.240246295928955, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.788361549377441, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker with 1932 Ford V-8 B-400 convertible sedan. From captured Joplin film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.480782508850098, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in Rowena, Texas , the second of three children. Her father, Charles Parker (? – 1914), [7] a bricklayer, died when Bonnie was four, prompting her mother, Emma Krause Parker (c.1886 – 1946), [8] to move with the children to West Dallas , where they lived in poverty. An honor roll student in high school where she excelled in creative writing, she won a County League contest in literary arts, for Cement City School, [9] and even gave introductory speeches for local politicians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5385284423828125, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Roy Thornton", "passage": "On September 25, 1926, less than a week before her sixteenth birthday, Parker married Roy Thornton, whose good looks and smart clothes caught her schoolgirl's eye. [10] The marriage was short-lived though, and in January 1929 they separated and never saw each other again. They never divorced, however, and Parker was wearing Thornton's wedding ring when she died. [11] His reaction to his wife's death was, \"I'm glad they went out like they did. It's much better than being caught.\" [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.721169471740723, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3165106773376465, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow at 16, 1926", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8120622634887695, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Chestnut Barrow [13] was born in Ellis County, Texas , near Telico , a town just south of Dallas . [14] He was the fifth of seven children, from a desperately poor farming family that emigrated, piecemeal, to Dallas in the early 1920s as part of a wave of resettlement from the impoverished nearby farms to the impoverished urban slum known as West Dallas. It was a place of flimsy shanties and tent cities, piles of garbage and teeming open sewers, swarming insects and rampaging epidemics. The Barrows had neither shanty nor tent: they spent their first months living under their wagon. When father Henry had earned enough money to buy a tent, it was a major step up for the family. [15]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.384703278541565, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde was first arrested in late 1926, after running when police confronted him over a rental car he had failed to return on time. His second arrest, with brother Marvin \"Buck\" Barrow , came soon after, this time for possession of stolen goods ( turkeys ). Despite having legitimate jobs during the period 1927 through 1929, he also cracked safes, robbed stores, and stole cars. After sequential arrests in 1928 and 1929, his luck ran out and he was sent to Eastham Prison Farm in April, 1930. While in prison, he was sexually assaulted repeatedly for over a year by a dominant inmate, whose skull he eventually fractured with a length of pipe. [16] It was Clyde Barrow's first killing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.278625011444092, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "In his post-Eastham career, he focused on smaller jobs, robbing grocery stores and gas stations, at a rate far outpacing the mere ten to fifteen bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow Gang. Barrow's favored weapon was the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (called a BAR). According to John Neal Phillips, Barrow's goal in life was not to gain fame or fortune from robbing banks, but to seek revenge against the Texas prison system for the abuses he suffered while serving time. [20]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.18257474899292, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "The group escaped the police at Joplin, but left most of their possessions at the rented apartment: Buck's and Blanche's marriage license, Buck's parole papers (only three weeks old), a large arsenal — and a handwritten poem and camera with several rolls of exposed film. [39] The film was developed at The Joplin Globe and yielded many now-famous photos of Barrow, Parker and Jones clowning and pointing ordnance at one another. [40] When the poem and the photos, including one featuring the poetess clenching a cigar in her teeth and a pistol in her fist, went out on the newly installed newswire, the obscure quintet from Dallas became front page news across America as The Barrow Gang, fully illustrated and with the rhyming-couplet \"Story of 'Suicide Sal'\" as a seeming instant backstory.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.288459539413452, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "W.D. Jones participated in murder on his first full day \"on the job\" with Clyde Barrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.817922115325928, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "For the next three months, they ranged from Texas as far north as Minnesota . In May, they robbed banks in Lucerne, Indiana and Okabena, Minnesota . [41] Previously they had kidnapped Dillard Darby and Sophia Stone at Ruston, Louisiana , in the course of stealing Darby's car; this was one of several incidents between 1932 and 1934 in which they kidnapped lawmen or robbery victims, [42] usually releasing them far from home, sometimes with money to help them return. [43] [3] Stories of these encounters made headlines, but so too did the darker encounters. The Barrow Gang would not hesitate to shoot anyone, lawman or civilian, who got in their way. Other members of the Barrow Gang known or thought to have committed murders included Raymond Hamilton, W.D. Jones, Buck Barrow and Henry Methvin. Eventually, the cold-bloodedness of the killings would not only sour the public perception of the outlaws, but lead directly to their undoing. [44]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.164223670959473, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "While the photos in the papers might have suggested a glamorous lifestyle for the Barrow Gang, in reality they were desperate and discontented, as noted in the account of their life written by Blanche Barrow while she was in jail through the latter 1930s. [45] With their new fame — some would say notoriety — came difficulty in the smallest tasks of everyday living. Restaurants and tourist courts became less and less of an option; cooking and bathing became campfire and cold-stream propositions. [46] The unrelieved, round-the-clock proximity of life among two couples, plus a fifth-wheel, in one car gave rise to vicious bickering. [47] [48] So unpleasant did it become that W.D. Jones, who was the actual wheelman in the theft of Dillard Darby's car in late April, used that car to get himself separated from the others — and managed to stay separated throughout May and up until June 8. [49]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5345981121063232, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "When Clyde and Jones went into town [61] to purchase bandages, crackers, cheese, and atropine sulfate to treat Bonnie's leg, [62] the druggist contacted Sheriff Holt Coffey , who put the cabins under watch. Coffey had been alerted by Oklahoma, Texas, and Arkansas to be on the lookout for strangers seeking such supplies. The sheriff contacted Captain Baxter, who called for reinforcements from Kansas City including an armored car . [55] At 11 p.m. that night, Sheriff Coffey led a group of officers armed with Thompson submachine guns toward the cabins. [63] But in a pitched gunfight at considerable distances, the submachine guns proved no match for Clyde Barrow's preferred Browning Automatic Rifles , stolen July 7 from the National Guard armory at Enid, Oklahoma . [64] The Barrows laid down withering fire and made their escape when a bullet short-circuited the horn on the armored car [65] and the lawmen mistook it for a cease-fire signal. They did not pursue the retreating Barrow automobile. [55]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.14991569519043, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker crossed an ominous personal threshold the following week when on November 28, a Dallas grand jury delivered a murder indictment on her and Barrow for the January 1933 killing of Tarrant County Deputy Malcolm Davis; [73] it was the first murder warrant issued for Parker.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.052317142486572, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "Former Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, the Barrow Gang's shadow after the Eastham prison breakout.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.523208618164062, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "It was expensive revenge, though, for all concerned. During the jailbreak, escapee Joe Palmer shot prison officer Major Joe Crowson [75] and this act would eventually bring the full power of the Texas and federal governments to bear on the manhunt for Barrow and Parker. As Crowson struggled for life, prison chief Lee Simmons reportedly promised him that all persons involved in the breakout would be hunted down and killed, [20] and all were, except for Henry Methvin, whose life would eventually be exchanged for turning Barrow and Parker over to authorities. [20] The Texas Department of Corrections then contacted former Texas Ranger Captain Frank A. Hamer , and persuaded him to accept an assignment to hunt down the Barrow Gang. Though retired, Hamer had retained his commission, which had not yet expired. [76] He accepted the assignment as a Texas Highway Patrol officer, secondarily assigned to the prison system as a special investigator, and given the specific task of hunting down Bonnie, Clyde and the Barrow Gang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2513481378555298, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "But in the spring of 1934, the reality of the Grapevine killings was far less important than the perception of them. All four Dallas daily papers seized on the story told by the eyewitness, a farmer, who claimed to have seen Parker throw her head back and laugh at the way Patrolman Murphy's head \"bounced like a rubber ball\" on the ground as she pumped bullets into his prone body. [85] The stories even claimed that police found a cigar butt \"with tiny teeth marks\" that could only be attributed to the diminutive Parker. [86] Things got worse several days later when Murphy's intended bride walked into his funeral wearing her wedding gown [87] and sparked another round of photo-supported coverage in the papers. The eyewitness's ever-changing story was soon discredited, but not in time for Barrow and Parker: the massive negative publicity, against Parker in particular, accelerated the public clamor for the extermination of the remaining elements of the Barrow Gang.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3807134628295898, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Public hostility only increased when, just five days later, Barrow and Methvin killed 60 year-old Constable William \"Cal\" Campbell, a widower single father, near Commerce, Oklahoma . [90] They kidnapped Commerce police chief Percy Boyd, drove around with him, crossing the state line into Kansas, and then let him out with a clean shirt, a few dollars and a request from Parker to tell the world she didn't smoke cigars. The outlaws didn't realize at their upbeat parting that Boyd would identify both Barrow and Parker to authorities — he never learned the name of the sullen youth who was with them — and when the resultant arrest warrant was issued for the Campbell murder, it specified \"Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe.\" [91] Historian Knight writes: \"For the first time, Bonnie was seen as a killer, actually pulling the trigger — just like Clyde. Whatever chance she had for clemency had just been reduced.\" [92]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2932051420211792, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde were killed on May 23, 1934, on a desolate road in Bienville Parish, Louisiana . [67] [94] The couple appeared in daylight in an automobile and were shot by a posse of four Texas officers and two Louisiana officers. [95] Questions about the way the ambush was conducted, and the failure to warn the duo of impending death, have been raised about the incident.[citation needed]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269723892211914, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "Desolate road, deep in the piney woods: Bonnie & Clyde's trail ended here, May 1934", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.473542213439941, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The bullet-riddled Ford containing the two bodies was towed to the Conger Furniture Store & Funeral Parlor on Railroad Avenue in downtown Arcadia across from the Illinois Central train station (which is now a historical museum containing Bonnie and Clyde artifacts.) Preliminary embalming was done by Bailey in the small preparation room in back of the furniture store. [106] It was estimated that the northwest Louisiana town swelled in population from 2,000 to 12,000 within hours, the curious throngs arriving by train, horseback, buggy, and plane. Beer which normally sold for 15 cents a bottle jumped to 25 cents; ham sandwiches quickly sold out. [107] After identifying his son's body, an emotional Henry Barrow sat in a rocking chair in the furniture part of the Conger establishment and wept. [106]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.037096977233887, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Barrow gang", "passage": "H.D. Darby, a young undertaker who worked for the McClure Funeral Parlor in nearby Ruston, Louisiana , and Sophia Stone, a home demonstration agent also from Ruston, came to Arcadia to identify the bodies. [106] They had been kidnapped by the Barrow gang the previous year [108] in Ruston and released near Waldo, Arkansas . Parker reportedly had laughed when she asked Darby his profession and discovered he was an undertaker. She remarked that maybe someday he would be working on her. [106] As it turned out, she could be no closer to the truth: Darby assisted Bailey in embalming the outlaws. [106]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.929863214492798, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde wished to be buried side by side, but the Parker family would not allow it. Mrs. Parker had wanted to grant her daughter's final wish, which was to be brought home, but the mobs surrounding the Parker house made that impossible. [109] Over 20,000 people turned out for Bonnie Parker's funeral, making it difficult for her family to reach the grave site. [110] The following words are inscribed on her stone:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.881797790527344, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker's grave", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.632966041564941, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Parker's family used the now defunct McKamy-Campbell Funeral Home, [112] then located on Forest Avenue in Dallas to conduct her funeral. Hubert \"Buster\" Parker accompanied his sister’s body back to Dallas in the McKamy-Campbell ambulance. Her services were held Saturday, May 26, at 2 p.m. in the funeral home, directed by Allen D. Campbell. [106] His son, Dr. Allen Campbell, later remembered that flowers came from everywhere, including some with cards allegedly from Pretty Boy Floyd and John Dillinger . [106] The largest floral tribute was sent by a group of Dallas city newsboys; the sudden end of Bonnie and Clyde sold 500,000 newspapers in Dallas alone. [113] Soloists at the funeral included Dudley M. Hughes Sr., who later became the prominent operator of four large Dallas funeral homes. Initially, Parker was buried in the Fishtrap Cemetery, but in 1945 was moved to the new Crown Hill Cemetery in Dallas. [111] The next year services for Raymond Hamilton, a member of the Barrow Gang who was executed May 10, 1935 by the State of Texas, were also held at the McKamy-Campbell Funeral Home. [106]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.230924129486084, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "The life insurance policies for both Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow were paid in full by American National of Galveston. Since then, the policy of pay-outs has changed to exclude pay-outs in cases of deaths caused by any criminal act by the insured. [115]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.321305274963379, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "The efficacy of calling out a warning to Clyde Barrow before an ambush was demonstrated by Dallas Sheriff Schmid at Sowers in November 1933: at his \"Halt!\" there was a smattering of gunfire from the car, a sweeping U-turn — then rapidly vanishing taillights. [122] Hinton later called it \"the most futile gesture of the week.\" [123] So when the two Louisiana officers on the posse assumed that a \"Halt!\" would be the prelude to the ambush, the four Texans \"vetoed the idea,\" [124] hurrying to inform them [125] that Clyde's history had always been to shoot his way out of seemingly hopeless entrapments — like Platte City, Dexfield Park and Sowers. [126] It is unlikely that Hamer planned to give any warning at all to Barrow and Parker, but the matter became moot when Deputy Oakley stood up without any order issued and opened fire; after a beat, the startled possemen joined him in the fusillade. [127] In their descriptions of the event, Jordan said he called out to Barrow, [128] Alcorn said Hamer called out, [129] and Hinton claimed Alcorn did, [97] while in another paper that same day, they each said they both did. [130] These conflicting claims most likely were collegial attempts to divert the focus from their gun-jumping associate, who admitted many times over the years that he fired prematurely. [131]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4194185733795166, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Different and disparate sources have cited five occasions when Bonnie Parker fired — or maybe didn't fire — shots during crises faced by the gang. [132] It is unimportant whether it was five times, or zero times — her shots, if any, never hit anyone, and she certainly never killed anyone with her own hand. She was, however, an accomplice to a hundred or more felony criminal actions during her two-year career in crime, including eight murders, [133] seven kidnappings, [134] half-a-dozen bank robberies, [135] scores of felony armed robberies, countless automobile thefts and one major jailbreak [136] — this at a time when being a \"habitual criminal\" was a capital offense in Texas. [137] Because of their far-flung, rural base of operations and will o' the wisp modus operandi, Parker was able to stay a step — or three or four — ahead of the tide of legal paperwork that inevitably follows a crime spree the scope of hers and Barrow's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2189130783081055, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "In 1979, Ted Hinton's account of the ambush was published posthumously as Ambush, and it attempted to change the complexion of the Methvin family's involvement in the planning and execution of the ambush. According to Hinton, the posse had tied Henry Methvin's father, Ivy, to a tree the previous night, to keep him from possibly warning the outlaws off. [97] Hamer, Hinton claimed, made Ivy Methvin a deal: keep quiet about being tied up, and his son would be pardoned for the murder of the two young highway patrolmen at Grapevine, a pardon which Henry Methvin did eventually receive. [97] Hinton alleged that Hamer made every member of the posse swear they would never divulge this secret. Other accounts, however, place Methvin Senior at the very center of the action that morning, not tied up but right down on the road, waving for Clyde Barrow to stop — having cut Henry's pardon deal several weeks before. [151] John Treherne posits a less sinister explanation: Hamer, he says, may well have floated the tied-to-a-tree scenario to give Ivy Methvin an \"alibi\" in the event that Barrow escaped the ambush and wanted revenge against a betrayer. [152] Hinton's odd memoir also propounds the tale that the offending stogie in the famous \"cigar photo\" of Bonnie had in fact been a rose in her mouth that was retouched into a cigar by darkroom personnel at the Joplin Globe [97] while preparing the photo for publication. [153] Guinn says that \"some people who knew [Hinton] suspect he became delusional late in life.\" [154]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.643728256225586, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Blanche Barrow's injuries left her permanently blinded in her left eye. After the 1933 shootout at Dexfield Park, she was taken into custody on the charge of \"Assault With Intent to Kill.\" She was sentenced to ten years in prison but was paroled in 1939 for good behavior. She returned to Dallas, leaving her life of crime in the past, and lived with her invalid father as his caregiver. She married Eddie Frasure in 1940, worked as a taxi cab dispatcher, and completed the terms of her parole one year later. She lived in peace with her husband until he died of cancer in 1969. Warren Beatty approached her to purchase the rights to her name for use in the film Bonnie and Clyde . While she agreed to the original script, she objected to her characterization in the final film, describing Estelle Parsons ' Academy Award -winning portrayal of her as \"a screaming horse's ass.\" Despite this, she maintained a firm friendship with Beatty. She died from cancer at the age of 77 on December 24, 1988, and was buried in Dallas's Grove Hill Memorial Park under the name \"Blanche B. Frasure\". [156]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.305245399475098, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Substitute protégé Henry Methvin's ambush-earned Texas pardon didn't help him in Oklahoma, where he was convicted of the 1934 murder of Constable Campbell at Commerce. He was paroled in 1942 and killed by a train in 1948; it was said he fell asleep, drunk, on the tracks, but there were rumors he had been pushed by parties seeking revenge for his betrayal of Clyde Barrow. [161] His father Ivy had been killed in 1946 by a hit-and-run driver, [162] and here too there was talk of foul play. Bonnie Parker's husband Roy Thornton was sentenced to five years in prison for burglary in March 1933. He was killed by guards on October 3, 1937, during an escape attempt from Eastham Farm prison. [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.880419731140137, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Prentiss Oakley", "passage": "In the years after the ambush, Prentiss Oakley, who all six possemen agree fired the first shots, [163] [97] was reported to have been troubled by his actions. He often admitted to his friends that he had fired prematurely [164] and he was the only posse member to express regret publicly. He would go on to succeed Henderson Jordan as Bienville Parish sheriff in 1940. [165]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201946258544922, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The Bonnie and Clyde Festival", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.530909538269043, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Every year near the anniversary of the ambush, a \"Bonnie and Clyde Festival\" is hosted in the town of Gibsland, off Interstate 20 in Bienville Parish. [168] The ambush location, still comparatively isolated on Louisiana Highway 154, south of Gibsland, is commemorated by a stone marker that has been defaced to near illegibility by souvenir hunters and gunshot. [169] A small metal version was added to accompany the stone monument. It was stolen, as was its replacement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2449312210083, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde in media", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484063148498535, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "16mm film shot by posse member Ted Hinton just minutes after Bonnie and Clyde were fatally ambushed by officers near Gibsland, Louisiana on May 23, 1934.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456975936889648, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "The high public profile was a mixed blessing. It certainly made life on the run more dangerous and therefore more difficult. There were more nights sleeping in the car and fewer sleeping in motor courts; [172] picking up laundry at cleaning stores was particularly harrowing. [173] As the noose tightened, Parker composed the fatalistic poem she titled \"The Trail's End,\" known since as \"The Story of Bonnie and Clyde.\" She gave the handwritten ode to her mother upon their final meeting two weeks before her death and Emma Parker gave it to the press thereafter. [174]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.775770664215088, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Champion Barrow", "passage": "Six weeks before the couple was ambushed, a letter purportedly written by Barrow arrived at the office of Henry Ford praising his \"dandy car.\" Although the handwriting does not match known samples of Clyde's penmanship, and despite the fact the letter was signed by \"Clyde Champion Barrow\" while Barrow's middle name was Chestnut, the unauthenticated letter is on display in the Ford Museum. [175] It was never used in any form in Ford advertising, nor was a similar letter Ford received around the same time from someone claiming to be John Dillinger , [176] who himself was slain just two months after Barrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.737403154373169, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Dorothy Provine starred in the 1958 movie The Bonnie Parker Story, directed by William Witney .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.68458366394043, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1967, Arthur Penn directed a film version of the tale. Bonnie and Clyde , which starred Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290966033935547, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "In the 1992 TV film, Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story, Tracey Needham played Bonnie while Clyde was portrayed by Dana Ashbrook .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.328286170959473, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1967 Serge Gainsbourg recorded his song \"Bonnie and Clyde\" as a duet with Brigitte Bardot . The French lyrics are based on Bonnie Parker's poem \"The Trail's End\". This song would be covered in the 1990s by the bands Stereolab , Luna and MC Solaar , as well as by the musician Mick Harvey . In 2006, pop singer Belinda Carlisle recorded a cover with Fiachna O'Braonain on her 2007 Voila CD.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.44082260131836, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1967, Georgie Fame released a single called \" The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde \" (UK #1), whose lyrics tell of Bonnie's and Clyde's exploits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.253162384033203, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1968, Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs released their album, The Story of Bonnie and Clyde. The album is Columbia Records catalog number CS-9649.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418128967285156, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1968, Merle Haggard had a hit single with his song \"Legend of Bonnie and Clyde\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386524200439453, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1997 the Russian rock band Splean ( Сплин ) included a song \"Bonnie and Clyde\" (\"Бонни и Клайд\") on their album \"Black eye\" (\"Фонарь под глазом\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326037406921387, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "In 1999, Japan's Takarazuka Revue , building on the international popularity of the Bonnie and Clyde legend in print, broadcast, recording and film, became among the first to adapt the tale as a major musical. The first production was staged by the company's Snow Troupe, starring Tatsuki Kōju and Hitomi Tsukikage. The show was scheduled to be produced again in 2008 for the 30th anniversary celebration of Takarazuka Bow Hall. Once more the Snow Troupe will mount the production, this time with dual casts, one of which is to star Kaname Ouki as Clyde Barrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.870007514953613, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "On November 20, 2009, The La Jolla Playhouse presented the world premiere of Bonnie & Clyde: A New Musical. The production is a stage-musical adapted from the book by Ivan Menchell with music written by Frank Wildhorn and lyrics by Don Black . The cast was led by Laura Osnes as Bonnie and Stark Sands as Clyde. [177]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370943069458008, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Through the decades, many cultural historians have analyzed Bonnie's and Clyde's enduring appeal to the public imagination. E.R. Milner, an historian, writer, and expert on Bonnie and Clyde and their era, put the duo's enduring appeal to the public, both during the Depression and continuing on through the decades, into historical and cultural perspective. To those people who, as Milner says, \"consider themselves outsiders, or oppose the existing system,\" Bonnie and Clyde represent the ultimate outsiders, revolting against an uncaring system. \" The country’s money simply declined by 38 percent ,\" explains Milner, author of The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. \"Gaunt, dazed men roamed the city streets seeking jobs... Breadlines and soup kitchens became jammed. (In rural areas) foreclosures forced more than 38 percent of farmers from their lands (while simultaneously) a catastrophic drought struck the Great Plains ... By the time Bonnie and Clyde became well known, many had felt the capitalistic system had been abused by big business and government officials... Now here were Bonnie and Clyde striking back.\" [105]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.186272621154785, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "^ Phillips, John Neal (2002). Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0806134291.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375198364257812, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "^ McNulty, Charles (2009-11-23). \"Theater review: 'Bonnie & Clyde' at La Jolla Playhouse\" . Los Angeles Times . http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2009/11/theater-review-bonnie-clyde-at-la-jolla-playhouse-.html . Retrieved 2010-02-28. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.504172325134277, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Barrow, Blanche Caldwell and John Neal Phillips. My Life with Bonnie and Clyde. (Norman, OK: University of Oklohoma Press, 2004.) ISBN 978-0-8061-3715-5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.094070434570312, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "DeFord, Miriam Allen. The Real Bonnie and Clyde. Sphere Books, 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30322551727295, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Guinn, Jeff. Go Down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009.) ISBN 1-4165-5706-7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280038833618164, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Knight, James R. and Jonathan Davis. Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First-Century Update. (Austin, TX: Eakin Press, 2003.) ISBN 1-57168-794-7.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201556205749512, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Milner, E.R. The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde (Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996.) ISBN 0809325527.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.208955764770508, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Phillips, John Neal. Running with Bonnie and Clyde, the Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults. (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996, 2002) ISBN 0806134291.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2761812210083, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Ramsey, Winston G., ed. On The Trail of Bonnie and Clyde. (London: After The Battle Books, 2003). ISBN 1870067517.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167893409729004, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Treherne, John. The Strange History of Bonnie and Clyde. (New York: Stein and Day, 1984.) ISBN 0-8154-1106-5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235860824584961, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "But it's death for Bonnie and Clyde.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404226303100586, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3165106773376465, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "This here's Miss Bonnie Parker. I'm Clyde Barrow. We rob banks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.046226501464844, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Blanche Barrow: Well why not? I earned my share same as everybody. Well, I coulda got killed same as everybody. And I'm wanted by the law same as everybody... I'm a nervous wreck and that's the truth. I have to take sass from Miss Bonnie Parker all the time. I deserve mine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2348980903625488, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Bonnie's Mother: I don't believe I would. I surely don't. You try to live three miles from me and you won't live long, honey. You best keep runnin', Clyde Barrow. And you know it. [to Bonnie] Bye, baby.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.072250366210938, "source": "search", "title": "Bonnie and Clyde : Wikis (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde - The Life and Crimes of Bonnie Parker and ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.525408744812012, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde - The Story of Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1566689014434814, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Parker was just shy of five feet tall, all of 90 pounds, a part-time waitress and amateur poet from a poor Dallas home who was bored with life and wanted ... ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.382793426513672, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Bonnie parker autopsy report. death of bonnie parker, the poems of bonnie parker, biography of bonnie parker, pictures of bonnie parker clyde barrows, bonnie parker ... ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.106276988983154, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Photograph of four prints belonging to the Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker case. Top left is their bullet-hole riddled getaway car, top right is Bonnie Parker's ... ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8717610836029053, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker", "passage": "Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (1910 - 1934) - Find A Grave Memorial", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.452362060546875, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Clyde Barrow Biography - Biography Base Home", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.615215301513672, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "FBI — Bonnie and Clyde - FBI — The Vault", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472760200500488, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Blanche Barrow: Photos of her Life with Bonnie and Clyde ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.542128562927246, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Clyde Barrow", "passage": "Blanche Caldwell Barrow married Buck Barrow, brother of the notorious Clyde Barrow. She became a fugitive as a member of the ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.396833896636963, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "Bonnie and Clyde Louisiana travel", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549758911132812, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie Parker", "passage": "Located on Highway 154, approximately 8 miles south of Gibsland, Louisiana is the place where Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow met their deaths at approximately 9:15 ... ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.295393466949463, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie and Clyde", "passage": "FBI — Bonnie and Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4847412109375, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" }, { "answer": "Bonnie & Clyde", "passage": "handwriting comparison - Bonnie & Clyde", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.542113304138184, "source": "search", "title": "PARKER & BARROW | California, Los Angeles" } ]

[ { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Capone was tried in a federal court in 1931. The Alcinis tried to help Capone, but he pleaded guilty to the charges on advice of his legal counsel hoping for a plea bargain. But after the judge refused his lawyer’s offers, and the jury was replaced on the day of the trial to frustrate Capone’s associates’ efforts to bribe or intimidate the original panel, Al Capone was found guilty on five of 22 counts of tax evasion for the years 1925, 1926, and 1927, and willful failure to file tax returns for 1928 and 1929. Capone’s legal team offered to pay all outstanding tax and interest and told their client to expect a severe fine. The judge sentenced him to eleven years in a federal prison and one year in the county jail, as well as an earlier six-month contempt of court sentence; he ultimately served only six and a half years because of good behavior. He also had to pay fines and court costs totalling 80,000 dollars.", "precise_score": 1.3465622663497925, "rough_score": 4.372597694396973, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "On this day in 1931, gangster Al Capone is sentenced to 11 years in prison for tax evasion and fined $80,000, signaling the downfall of one of the most notorious criminals of the 1920s and 1930s.", "precise_score": 2.9388327598571777, "rough_score": 5.24470329284668, "source": "search", "title": "Capone goes to prison - Oct 17, 1931 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Tax-evasion", "passage": "Among Capone’s enemies was federal agent Elliot Ness, who led a team of officers known as “The Untouchables” because they couldn’t be corrupted. Ness and his men routinely broke up Capone’s bootlegging businesses, but it was tax-evasion charges that finally stuck and landed Capone in prison in 1931. Capone began serving his time at the U.S. Penitentiary in Atlanta, but amid accusations that he was manipulating the system and receiving cushy treatment, he was transferred to the maximum-security lockup at Alcatraz Island, in California’s San Francisco Bay. He got out early in 1939 for good behavior, after spending his final year in prison in a hospital, suffering from syphilis.", "precise_score": 2.961360454559326, "rough_score": 4.142759323120117, "source": "search", "title": "Capone goes to prison - Oct 17, 1931 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "He died of a heart attack in his Coudersport home on May 16, 1957 at the age of 54. Having sought possible redemption through Oscar Fraley he would never live to see it. Following years of diligent research and eye-straining work George Johnson finally nailed Capone in court on charges of criminal tax evasion in October, 1931. The judge handed down a sentence of 11 years and a fine of $50,000. Capone’s days as America’s most notorious gangster were over.", "precise_score": 7.412102222442627, "rough_score": 3.947038173675537, "source": "search", "title": "The man who really caught Capone | Express Yourself ..." }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "The federal authorities became intent on jailing Capone, and they prosecuted him for tax evasion in 1931, a federal crime and a novel strategy during the era. During the highly publicized case, the judge admitted as evidence Capone's admissions of his income and unpaid taxes during prior (and ultimately abortive) negotiations to pay the government any back taxes he owed. Capone was convicted and sentenced to 11 years in federal prison. After conviction, he replaced his old defense team with experts in tax law, and his grounds for appeal were strengthened by a Supreme Court ruling, but his appeal ultimately failed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.476273775100708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Gabriele and Teresa had nine children: Alphonse \"Al\" Capone; Vincenzo Capone, who later changed his name to Richard Hart and became a Prohibition agent in Homer, Nebraska; Raffaele James Capone, AKA Ralph \"Bottles\" Capone, who took charge of his brother's beverage industry; Salvatore \"Frank\" Capone, Ermina Capone, who died at the age of one, Ermino \"John\" Capone, Albert Capone, Matthew Capone, and Mafalda Capone (who married John J. Maritote). Ralph and Frank worked with him in his criminal empire. Frank did so until his death on April 1, 1924. Ralph ran the bottling companies (both legal and illegal) early on, and was also the front man for the Chicago Outfit for some time until he was imprisoned for tax evasion in 1932.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.04020323231816292, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "In 1927, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally earned income was subject to income tax; Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. rejected the argument that the Fifth Amendment protected criminals from reporting illegal income. The IRS special investigation unit chose Frank J. Wilson to investigate Capone, with the focus on his spending. The key to Capone's conviction on tax charges was proving his income, and the most valuable evidence in that regard originated in his offer to pay tax. Ralph, his brother and a gangster in his own right, was tried for tax evasion in 1930. Ralph spent the next three years in prison after being convicted in a two-week trial over which Wilkerson presided. Capone ordered his lawyer to regularize his tax position. Crucially, during the ultimately abortive negotiations that followed, his lawyer stated the income that Capone was willing to pay tax on for various years, admitting income of $100,000 for 1928 and 1929, for instance. Hence, without any investigation, the government had been given a letter from a lawyer acting for Capone conceding his large taxable income for certain years. In 1931, Capone was charged with income tax evasion, as well as with various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition) at the Chicago Federal Building in the courtroom of Judge James Herbert Wilkerson. U. S. Attorney George E. Q. Johnson agreed to a deal that he hoped might result in the judge giving Capone a couple of years, but Judge Wilkerson had been aware of the deal all along and refused to allow Capone to plead guilty for a reduced sentence. On the second day of the trial, Judge Wilkerson overruled objections that a lawyer could not confess for his client, saying that anyone making a statement to the government did so at his own risk. Wilkerson deemed that the 1930 letter to federal authorities could be admitted into evidence from a lawyer acting for Capone. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8217241764068604, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Much was later made of other evidence, such as witnesses and ledgers, but these strongly implied Capone's control rather than stating it. The ledgers were inadmissible on grounds of statute of limitations, but Capone's lawyers incompetently failed to make the necessary timely objection; they also ran a basically irrelevant defense of gambling losses. Judge Wilkerson allowed Capone's spending to be presented at very great length. There was no doubt that Capone spent vast sums but, legally speaking, the case against him centered on the size of his income. Capone was convicted and was sentenced to eleven years in federal prison in November 1931, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes. The contempt of court sentence was served concurrently. New lawyers hired to represent Capone were Washington-based tax experts. They filed a writ of habeas corpus based on a Supreme Court ruling that tax evasion was not fraud, which apparently meant that Capone had been convicted on charges relating to years that were actually outside the time limit for prosecution. However, a judge interpreted the law so that the time that Capone had spent in Miami was subtracted from the age of the offenses, thereby denying the appeal of both Capone's conviction and sentence. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.17818662524223328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "In 1926, when two of Capone’s sworn enemies were spotted in Cicero, Capone ordered his men to gun them down. Unbeknownst to Capone, William McSwiggin, known as the “Hanging Prosecutor,” who had tried to prosecute him for a previous murder, was with the two marked men and all three were killed. Fed up with Chicago’s gang-dominated lawlessness, the public clamored for justice. The police had no evidence for the murders, so instead they raided Capone’s businesses, where they gathered documentation that would later be used to bolster charges against him of income-tax evasion. In response, Capone called for a “Peace Conference” among the city’s criminals, and an agreement was reached to stop the violence. It lasted just two months.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7513370513916016, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "In response to the public outcry over the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, President Herbert Hoover ordered the federal government to step up its efforts to get Capone on income-tax evasion. The Supreme Court had ruled in 1927 that income gained on illegal activities was taxable, which gave the government a strong case for prosecuting Capone. On June 5, 1931 the U.S. government finally indicted Capone on 22 counts of income-tax evasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.19441792368888855, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Capone also met a man named Anthony Accetturo, who he helped in many things. Accetturo repaid him by killing Capone’s slight enemies. Accetturo was at Capone’s court hearing for tax evasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.400984764099121, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Although Capone always did his business through front men and had no accounting records in his own name (even his mansion was in his wife’s name), Al Alcini started linking him to his earnings. The federal income tax laws allowed the federal government to pursue Capone on tax evasion, their best chance of finally convicting him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.010364329442381859, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "One of the most famous American gangsters, Al Capone, also known as \"Scarface,\" rose to infamy as the leader of the Chicago Outfit during the Prohibition era. Before being sent to Alcatraz Prison in 1934 for a tax evasion conviction, he had amassed a personal fortune estimated at $100 million as the head of the infamous crime syndicate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.905930280685425, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Al Capone's activities attracted the attention of President Herbert Hoover who in March, 1929, asked Andrew Mellon, his secretary of the Treasury, \"Have you got this fellow Capone yet? I want that man in jail.\" Mellon set out to get the necessary evidence both to prove income tax evasion and to amass enough evidence to prosecute Capone successfully for Prohibition violations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.28667333722114563, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "Eliot Ness, a dynamic young agent with the US Prohibition Bureau, was charged with gathering the evidence of Prohibition violations. He assembled a team of daring young men and made extensive use of wire tapping technology. While there was doubt that Capone could be successfully prosecuted for Prohibition violations in Chicago, the government was certain it could get Capone on tax evasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2089154720306396, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "The grand jury later returned an indictment against Capone with 22 counts of tax evasion, totaling over $200,000. Capone and 68 members of his gang were charged with 5,000 separate violations of the Volstead Act. These income tax cases took precedence over the Prohibition violations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7951366901397705, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Tax evasion", "passage": "After nine hours of discussion on October 17, 1931, the jury found Capone guilty of several counts of tax evasion. Judge Wilkerson sentenced him to eleven years, $50,000 in fines and court costs of another $30,000. Bail was denied.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.588109016418457, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Evasion of tax", "passage": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre received national attention, and Capone was glamorized in books and newspapers across the country. Capone was a high class, family oriented and self-made gangster-millionaire who now had the attention of everyone. Many of the local politicians were complaining about Capone and his self proclaimed political stature. The publicity ultimately backfired and attracted the attention of President Herbert Hoover. Having just started his presidential term, Hoover demanded that Capone be brought to justice. Andrew Mellon, the Secretary of the Treasury, was pressured by Hoover to spearhead the government's battle against Capone. Mellon collected harsh evidence against “Big Al” which exploited his gang affiliations, bootlegging, prostitution rings, and flagrant evasion of taxes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3783782720565796, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone 85-AZ - Alcatraz History" } ]

[ { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Alcatraz Island is located in the San Francisco Bay, offshore from San Francisco, California, United States. The small island was developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military prison (1868), and a federal prison from 1933 until 1963. Beginning in November 1969, the island was occupied for more than 19 months by a group of aboriginal people from San Francisco who were part of a wave of Native activism across the nation with public protests through the 1970s. In 1972, Alcatraz became a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986.", "precise_score": 7.807806968688965, "rough_score": 7.903620719909668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "The first Spaniard to document the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775, who charted San Francisco Bay and named one of the three islands he identified as the \"La Isla de los Alcatraces,\" which translates as \"The Island of the Pelicans,\" from the archaic Spanish alcatraz (in English: \"pelican\"). Over the years, the Spanish version \"Alcatraz\" became popular and is now widely used. In August 1827, French Captain Auguste Bernard Duhaut-Cilly wrote \"...running past Alcatraze's (Pelicans) Island...covered with a countless number of these birds. A gun fired over the feathered legions caused them to fly up in a great cloud and with a noise like a hurricane.\" The California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis californicus) is not known to nest on the island today. The Spanish built several small buildings on the island and other minor structures.", "precise_score": 3.240171432495117, "rough_score": 5.869307994842529, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Following the acquisition of California by the United States as a result of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) which ended the Mexican–American War, and the onset of the California Gold Rush the following year, the U.S. Army began studying the suitability of Alcatraz Island for the positioning of coastal batteries to protect the approaches to San Francisco Bay. In 1853, under the direction of Zealous B. Tower, the United States Army Corps of Engineers began fortifying the island, work which continued until 1858, eventuating in Fortress Alcatraz. The island's first garrison at Camp Alcatraz, numbering about 200 soldiers and 11 cannons, arrived at the end of that year.", "precise_score": 4.010132312774658, "rough_score": 4.565975666046143, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Because of its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, hazardous currents of the waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861.", "precise_score": 6.686728000640869, "rough_score": 7.762223243713379, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "In 2011 a permanent multimedia exhibit was opened on Alcatraz examining the 19-month occupation. Located in the former band practice room in a cellblock in the basement, the space serves as the cultural center the Native American occupiers requested upon their occupation. The exhibit, called \"We Are Still Here,\" features photos, videos and sound recordings gathered by staff and students at San Francisco State University and California State University, East Bay. Curators of the exhibit interviewed descendents of occupation leader Richard Oakes, and others who participated. ", "precise_score": 2.551887035369873, "rough_score": 5.507293224334717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "In 1775, Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala (1745-97) mapped and named rugged Alcatraz Island, christening it La Isla de los Alcatraces, or Island of the Pelicans, due to its large population of sea birds. Seventy-five years later, in 1850, President Millard Fillmore (1800-74) signed an order reserving the island for military use. During the 1850s, a fortress was constructed on Alcatraz and some 100 cannons were installed around the island to protect San Francisco Bay. Also during this time, Alcatraz became home to the West Coast’s first operational lighthouse.", "precise_score": 4.728503227233887, "rough_score": 7.164042949676514, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "By the late 1850s, the U.S. Army had begun holding military prisoners at Alcatraz. Isolated from the mainland by the cold, strong waters of San Francisco Bay, the island was deemed an ideal location for a prison. It was assumed no Alcatraz inmate could attempt to escape by swimming and survive.", "precise_score": 6.070620536804199, "rough_score": 6.71573543548584, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Today, the island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area; it is open to tours. Visitors can reach the island by ferry ride from Pier 33, near Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco. Hornblower Cruises and Events, operating under the name Alcatraz Cruises, is the official ferry provider to and from the island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2255396842956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "When the American Civil War broke out in 1861, the island mounted 85 cannons (increased to 105 cannons by 1866) in casemates around its perimeter, though the small size of the garrison meant only a fraction of the guns could be used at one time. At this time it also served as the San Francisco Arsenal for storage of firearms to prevent them falling into the hands of Confederate sympathizers. Alcatraz, built as a \"heavily fortified military site on the West Coast\", formed a \"triangle of defense\" along with Fort Point and Lime Point, and ensured security to the bay. The island was also the site of the first operational lighthouse on the West Coast of the United States. Alcatraz never fired its guns offensively, though during the war it was used to imprison Confederate sympathizers and privateers on the west coast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6080577373504639, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "In 1898, the Spanish–American War increased the prison population from 26 to over 450, and from 1905 to 1907 it was commanded by George W. McIver. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilian prisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as the Western U.S. Military Prison, later Pacific Branch, U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, 1915. In 1909 construction began on the huge concrete main cell block, designed by Major Reuben Turner, which remains the island's dominant feature. It was completed in 1912. To accommodate the new cell block, the Citadel, a three-story barracks, was demolished down to the first floor, which was actually below ground level. The building had been constructed in an excavated pit (creating a dry \"moat\") to enhance its defensive potential. The first floor was then incorporated as a basement to the new cell block, giving rise to the popular legend of \"dungeons\" below the main cell block. The Fortress was deactivated as a military prison in October 1933 and transferred to the Bureau of Prisons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7618958950042725, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Because the penitentiary cost much more to operate than other prisons (nearly $10 per prisoner per day, as opposed to $3 per prisoner per day at Atlanta), and half a century of salt water saturation had severely eroded the buildings, then Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy ordered the penitentiary closed on March 21, 1963. In addition, citizens were increasingly protesting the environmental effects of sewage released into San Francisco Bay from the approximately 250 inmates and 60 Bureau of Prisons families on the island. That year, the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois, on land, opened as the replacement facility for Alcatraz.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.839675188064575, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Alcatraz Island was occupied by Native American activists for the first time on March 8, 1964. The event was reported by, among others, the San Francisco Chronicle and the San Francisco Examiner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.957022190093994, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Beginning on November 20, 1969, a group of Native Americans called United Indians of All Tribes, mostly college students from San Francisco, occupied the island to protest federal policies related to American Indians. Some of them were children of Indians who had relocated in the city as part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Termination and Relocation's programs. The BIA hoped to get as many Indians as possible away from the Indian reservations so they could terminate the reservations and take away the land. A number of employees of the Bureau of Indian Affairs also occupied Alcatraz at that time, including Doris Purdy, an amateur photographer, who later produced footage of her stay on the island. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.689624309539795, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "The occupiers, who stayed on the island for nearly two years, demanded the island's facilities be adapted and new structures built for an Indian education center, ecology center and cultural center. The American Indians claimed the island by provisions of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) between the U.S. and the Sioux; they said the treaty promised to return all retired, abandoned or out-of-use federal lands to the Native peoples from whom it was acquired. (Note: The Treaty of 1868 stated that all abandoned or unused federal land adjacent to the Great Sioux Reservation could be reclaimed by descendants of the Sioux Nation.) Indians of All Tribes then claimed Alcatraz Island by the \"Right of Discovery\", as indigenous peoples knew it thousands of years before any Europeans had come to North America. Begun by urban Indians of San Francisco, the occupation attracted other Native Americans from across the country, including American Indian Movement (AIM) urban activists from Minneapolis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.44586706161499, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "The Global Peace Foundation proposed to raze the prison and build a peace center in its place. During the previous year, supporters collected 10,350 signatures that placed it on the presidential primary ballots in San Francisco for February 5, 2008. The proposed plan was estimated at $1 billion. For the plan to pass, Congress would have to have taken Alcatraz out of the National Park Service. Critics of the plan said that Alcatraz is too rich in history to be destroyed. On February 6, 2008, the Alcatraz Island Global Peace Center Proposition C failed to pass, with 72% of voters rejecting the proposition. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.025974988937378, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "It also was featured in the Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters anime, in the book Al Capone Does My Shirts, in the video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 as a playable level, and in the video game Call of Duty: Black Ops II in a downloadable zombie survival map called \"Mob of the Dead\". It is also featured as a playable racetrack in the 1996 arcade racing video game San Francisco Rush: Extreme Racing. Alcatraz has also been portrayed often as a safe haven or base of operations in many post-apocalyptic movies, such as The Book of Eli.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8505382537841797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Alcatraz Island" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Alkatraz Island San Francisco Bay", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5608606338500977, "source": "search", "title": "Alkatraz Island San Francisco Bay - SF To Do" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "San Francisco Hotels", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.536375999450684, "source": "search", "title": "Alkatraz Island San Francisco Bay - SF To Do" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Alcatraz Tickets & Tours - Visit San Francisco's Famous Prison", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0546658039093018, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz Tickets - Visit San Francisco's Famous Prison" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Cruise on San Francisco Bay to Alcatraz Island and the infamous and notorious former federal prison - home to the likes of Al Capone, George \"Machine Gun\" Kelley, and Robert \"The Birdman\" Stroud. Tour the Island and the prison. Includes audio Cell Block Tour. And take a 1 hour cruise on San Francisco Bay from the Golden Gate Bridge to the Bay Bridge. Please note that the ferry to Alcatraz and the cruise of the San Francisco Bay are on two separate vessels. These vessels depart from two different piers in San Francisco.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.166811943054199, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz Tickets - Visit San Francisco's Famous Prison" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Each year, hundreds of athletes participate in the Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon, proving that (with training and proper gear) it is possible to swim from Alcatraz and survive. First held in 1980, the event includes a 1.5-mile swim to San Francisco, plus an 18-mile bike ride and 8-mile run.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.120907783508301, "source": "search", "title": "Alcatraz - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Visiting Alcatraz Island is one of the most rewarding experiences of any trip to San Francisco. However, visitors who wish to visit the prison and island grounds must secure reservations. For over a decade, the National Park Service has implemented a reservation system, which is much different from the ways past generations accessed the Alcatraz Island. The National Park Service strongly recommends making advanced ticket reservations. Reservations secured far enough in advance allow visitors to visit and also eliminate the need to wait in line to purchase tickets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.457275867462158, "source": "search", "title": "Fees & Passes - Alcatraz Island (U.S. National Park Service)" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031309127807617, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "You haven’t experienced San Francisco until you’ve taken a Bay Cruise with Blue & Gold Fleet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344374656677246, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Blue & Gold Fleet is the premier provider of ferry and water excursion services on San Francisco Bay, offering the famous one-hour Bay Cruise Adventure , Escape from the Rock Cruise around Alcatraz Island and the ever-popular RocketBoat , the ultimate high-speed thrill ride along San Francisco’s waterfront. The company provides regular ferry service to Sausalito , Tiburon , Angel Island , Vallejo , Alameda/Oakland , Harbor Bay , South San Francisco and AT&T Park on game days, as well as motorcoach tours to some of Northern California’s picturesque sites. Blue & Gold Fleet operates a fleet of 19 vessels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.371037244796753, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Ferry service to Sausalito, Tiburon and Angel Island, as well as cruise and sightseeing tickets can be purchased directly from this site as well as through the box office at PIER 39. San Francisco Bay Ferry service tickets to Vallejo, Alameda/Oakland, Harbor Bay, South San Francisco and AT&T Park on games days can also be accessed on this site. Recorded tour information is also available by calling 415-773-1188.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173330307006836, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Multi-language audio tours on the San Francisco Bay Cruise Adventure and Escape From the Rock Cruise around Alcatraz Island, are now available in nine languages: English, Spanish, Mandarin, Italian, French, Japanese, Korean, German & Taiwanese. Please bring your Wi-Fi enabled device to access the audio tour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.004834175109863, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Blue & Gold Fleet: San Francisco’s Best Tourist Attractions on the bay and Sightseeing Tours .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.219843864440918, "source": "search", "title": "San Francisco Bay Cruise and Sightseeing | Blue & Gold Fleet" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "Water World Swim – The San Francisco Bay Swim Experts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038318634033203, "source": "search", "title": "Water World Swim | The San Francisco Bay Swim Experts" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "The San Francisco Bay Swim Experts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.712002754211426, "source": "search", "title": "Water World Swim | The San Francisco Bay Swim Experts" }, { "answer": "San Francisco", "passage": "We welcome swimmers from all over with all levels of ability. If you are training for a competition, want to accomplish a swim from Alcatraz, or just want to swim in the San Francisco Bay, then join us. We offer something for everyone!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2530436515808105, "source": "search", "title": "Water World Swim | The San Francisco Bay Swim Experts" } ]

[ { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "A meek, quiet man named Arnold Wesker (the first Ventriloquist) plans and executes his crimes through a dummy named Scarface, with the dress and persona of a 1920s gangster (complete with pinstripe suit, cigar, and Tommy gun). His name comes from the nickname of Al Capone, after whom Scarface is modeled.", "precise_score": 4.380462646484375, "rough_score": 2.7928011417388916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ventriloquist (comics)" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Alphonse Gabriel \"Al\" Capone (; January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old.", "precise_score": -5.352970123291016, "rough_score": -6.59724235534668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City to Italian immigrants. He was considered a Five Points Gang member who became a bouncer in organized crime premises such as brothels. In his early twenties, he moved to Chicago and became bodyguard and trusted factotum for Johnny Torrio, head of a criminal syndicate that illegally supplied alcohol—the forerunner of the Outfit—and that was politically protected through the Unione Siciliana. A conflict with the North Side Gang was instrumental in Capone's rise and fall. Torrio went into retirement after North Side gunmen almost killed him, handing control to Capone. Capone expanded the bootlegging business through increasingly violent means, but his mutually profitable relationships with mayor William Hale Thompson and the city's police meant that Capone seemed safe from law enforcement.", "precise_score": -8.478405952453613, "rough_score": -7.810299396514893, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone apparently reveled in attention, such as the cheers from spectators when he appeared at ball games. He made donations to various charities and was viewed by many to be a \"modern-day Robin Hood\". However, the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre of gang rivals, resulting in the killing of seven men in broad daylight, damaged Chicago's image—as well as Capone's—leading influential citizens to demand governmental action and newspapers to dub him \"Public Enemy No. 1\".", "precise_score": -10.608134269714355, "rough_score": -10.038071632385254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone initially became involved with small-time gangs that included the Junior Forty Thieves and the Bowery Boys. He then joined the Brooklyn Rippers, and then the powerful Five Points Gang based in Lower Manhattan. During this time, he was employed and mentored by fellow racketeer Frankie Yale, a bartender in a Coney Island dance hall and saloon called the Harvard Inn. Capone inadvertently insulted a woman while working the door at a Brooklyn night club and was slashed by her brother Frank Gallucio. The wounds led to the nickname that Capone loathed: \"Scarface\". Yale insisted that Capone apologize to Gallucio, and later Capone hired him as a bodyguard. When photographed, Capone hid the scarred left side of his face, saying that the injuries were war wounds. Capone was called \"Snorky,\" a term for a sharp dresser, by his closest friends. ", "precise_score": 2.292250394821167, "rough_score": 2.604414939880371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "At about 20 years of age, Capone left New York for Chicago at the invitation of Johnny Torrio, who was imported by crime boss James \"Big Jim\" Colosimo as an enforcer. Capone began in Chicago as a bouncer in a brothel, where he contracted syphilis. Timely use of Salvarsan probably could have cured the infection, but he apparently never sought treatment. In 1923, he purchased a small house at 7244 South Prairie Avenue in the Park Manor neighborhood on the city's south side for . In the early years of the decade, Capone's name began appearing in newspaper sports pages, where he was described as a boxing promoter. ", "precise_score": -8.264019966125488, "rough_score": -9.409982681274414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Torrio headed an essentially Italian organized crime group that was the biggest in the city, with Capone as his right-hand man. He was wary of being drawn into gang wars and tried to negotiate agreements over territory between rival crime groups. The smaller, mixed ethnicity, North Side Gang led by Dean O'Banion (also known as Dion O'Banion) came under pressure from the Genna brothers, who were allied with Torrio. O'Banion found that, for all Torrio's pretensions to be a settler of disputes, he was unhelpful with the encroachment of the Gennas into the North Side. In a fateful step, Torrio either arranged for or acquiesced to the murder of O'Banion at the latter's flower shop in October 1924. This placed Hymie Weiss at the head of the gang, backed by Vincent Drucci and Bugs Moran. Weiss had been a close friend of O'Banion, and the North Siders treated revenge on his killers as a priority. ", "precise_score": -8.395040512084961, "rough_score": -9.653494834899902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In January 1925, Capone was ambushed, leaving him shaken but unhurt. Twelve days later, Torrio was returning from a shopping trip when he was shot several times. After recovering, Torrio effectively resigned and handed control to Capone, age 26, who became the new boss of an organization that took in illegal breweries and a transportation network that reached to Canada, with political and law-enforcement protection. In turn, he was able to use more violence to increase revenue. Refusal by an establishment to purchase liquor from him often resulted in the premises being blown up. As many as 100 people were killed in such bombings during the 1920s. Rivals saw Capone as responsible for the proliferation of brothels in the city. ", "precise_score": -8.53930950164795, "rough_score": -9.784025192260742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone based himself in Cicero after using bribery and widespread intimidation to take over during elections for the town council. This made it difficult for the North Siders to target him. Capone's driver was found tortured and murdered, and there was an attempt on Weiss's life in the Chicago Loop. On September 20, 1926, the North Side Gang used a ploy outside the Capone headquarters at the Hawthorne Inn, aimed at drawing him to the windows. Gunmen in several cars then opened fire with Thompson submachine guns and shotguns at the windows of the first-floor restaurant. Capone was unhurt and called for a truce, but the negotiations fell through. Three weeks later, Weiss was killed outside the former O'Banion flower shop North Side headquarters. In January 1927, the Hawthorne's restaurant owner, a friend of Capone's, was kidnapped and killed by Moran and Drucci. ", "precise_score": -10.104071617126465, "rough_score": -9.947477340698242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was sent to Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary in May 1932, aged 33. Upon his arrival at Atlanta, the 250 lb Capone was officially diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea. He was also suffering from withdrawal symptoms from cocaine addiction, use of which had perforated his septum. Capone was competent at his prison job of stitching soles on shoes for eight hours a day, but his letters were barely coherent. He was seen as a weak personality, and so out of his depth dealing with bullying fellow inmates that his cellmate, seasoned convict Red Rudinsky, feared that Capone would have a breakdown. Rudinsky was formerly a small-time criminal associated with the Capone gang, and found himself becoming a protector for Capone. The conspicuous protection of Rudinsky and other prisoners drew accusations from less friendly inmates, and fueled suspicion that Capone was receiving special treatment. No solid evidence ever emerged, but it formed part of the rationale for moving Capone to the recently opened Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary off the coast of San Francisco. ", "precise_score": -10.204854965209961, "rough_score": -10.039371490478516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "At Alcatraz, Capone's decline became increasingly evident as neurosyphilis progressively eroded his mental faculties. He spent the last year of his sentence in the prison hospital, confused and disoriented.[http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/capone/chapter_11.html Al Capone: Chicago's Most Infamous Mob Boss – The Crime library]. Capone completed his term in Alcatraz on January 6, 1939, and was transferred to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California to serve out his sentence for contempt of court. He was paroled on November 16, 1939. ", "precise_score": -9.41100788116455, "rough_score": -9.489877700805664, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The main effect of Capone's conviction was that he ceased to be boss immediately on his imprisonment, but those involved in the jailing of Capone portrayed it as considerably undermining the city's organized crime syndicate. Far from being smashed, the Chicago Outfit continued without being troubled by the Chicago police, but at a lower-level and without the open violence that had marked Capone's rule. Organized crime in the city had a lower profile once Prohibition was repealed, already wary of attention after seeing Capone's notoriety bring him down, to the extent that there is a lack of consensus among writers about who was actually in control and who was a figurehead 'front boss'. Prostitution, labor union racketeering, and gambling became moneymakers for organized crime in the city without incurring serious investigation. In the late 1950s, FBI agents discovered an organization led by Capone's former lieutenants reigning supreme over the Chicago underworld. ", "precise_score": -9.813422203063965, "rough_score": -9.772150039672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone is one of the most notorious American gangsters of the 20th century and has been the major subject of numerous articles, books, and films. His personality and character have been used in fiction as a model for crime lords and criminal masterminds ever since his death. The stereotypical image of a mobster wearing a blue pinstriped suit and tilted fedora is based on photos of Capone. His accent, mannerisms, facial construction, physical stature, and parodies of his name have been used for numerous gangsters in comics, movies, music, and literature.", "precise_score": -7.086819171905518, "rough_score": -9.98498821258545, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*Capone is featured in a segment of Mario Puzo's The Godfather as an ally of New York mob boss Salvatore Maranzano in which he sends two \"button men\" at the mob boss' request to kill Don Vito Corleone; arriving in New York, the two men are intercepted and brutally killed by Luca Brasi, after which Don Corleone sends a message to Capone warning him not to interfere again, and Capone apparently capitulates. ", "precise_score": -10.00334644317627, "rough_score": -9.696300506591797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Al Capone is the inspiration for the central character of Tony Camonte in Armitage Trail's novel Scarface (1929), which was adapted into the 1932 film. The novel was later adapted again in 1983 with the central character of Tony Montana.", "precise_score": -4.251554012298584, "rough_score": -4.480109691619873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Ultimate Fighting Championship heavyweight Nikita Krylov is nicknamed \"Al Capone\". Coincidentally, he had his first UFC win in Chicago.", "precise_score": -10.453014373779297, "rough_score": -9.559880256652832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone was a notorious gangster who ran an organized crime syndicate in Chicago during the 1920s, taking advantage of the era of Prohibition . Capone, who was both charming and charitable as well as powerful and vicious, became an iconic figure of the successful American gangster.", "precise_score": -7.815911293029785, "rough_score": -8.693292617797852, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Also Known As: Alphonse Capone, Scarface", "precise_score": -2.0524542331695557, "rough_score": -4.455017566680908, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Around the same time, Capone joined a street gang called the South Brooklyn Rippers and then later the Five Points Juniors. These were groups of teenagers who roamed the streets, protected their turf from rival gangs, and sometimes carried out petty crimes like stealing cigarettes.", "precise_score": -8.930220603942871, "rough_score": -10.002646446228027, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "It was through the Five Points gang that Al Capone came to the attention of brutal New York mobster Frankie Yale. In 1917, 18-year-old Al Capone went to work for Yale at the Harvard Inn as a bartender and as a waiter and bouncer when needed. Capone watched and learned as Yale used violence to maintain control over his empire.", "precise_score": -8.832738876342773, "rough_score": -9.576647758483887, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Defending his sister's honor, Gallucio punched Capone. However, Capone didn't let it end there; he decided to fight back. Gallucio then took out a knife and slashed at Capone's face, managing to cut Capone's left cheek three times (one of which cut Capone from ear to mouth). The scars left from this attack led to Capone's nickname of \"Scarface,\" a name he personally hated.", "precise_score": -2.1977686882019043, "rough_score": -4.5776448249816895, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Capone was an outlandish character. He dressed in colorful suits, wore a white fedora hat, proudly displayed his 11.5 carat diamond pinky ring, and would often pull out his huge roll of bills while out in public places. It was hard not to notice Al Capone.", "precise_score": -10.857765197753906, "rough_score": -8.6890287399292, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In 1917, Torrio introduced Capone to the gangster Frankie Yale, who employed Capone as bartender and bouncer at the Harvard Inn in Coney Island. It was there that Capone earned his nickname “Scarface.” One night, he made an indecent remark to a woman at the bar. Her brother punched Capone, then slashed him across the face, leaving three indelible scars that inspired his enduring nickname.", "precise_score": 3.3028788566589355, "rough_score": 2.612327814102173, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When Capone was 19, he married Mae Coughlin just weeks after the birth of their child, Albert Francis. His former boss and friend Johnny Torrio was the boy’s godfather. Now a husband and a father, Capone wanted to do right by his family, so he moved to Baltimore where he took an honest job as a bookkeeper for a construction company. But when Capone’s father died of a heart attack in 1920, Torrio invited him to come to Chicago. Capone jumped at the opportunity.", "precise_score": -10.387679100036621, "rough_score": -9.652725219726562, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After an attempt on his life in 1925 by rival mobsters, Torrio decided to leave the business and return to Italy, turning over the entire operation to Capone. Scarface again ignored his mentor’s advice to maintain a low profile and instead, moved his headquarters to a plush suite in the Metropole Hotel in downtown Chicago. From there, he began living a luxurious and public lifestyle, spending money lavishly, although always in cash to avoid a trail. Newspapers of the time estimated Capone’s operations generated $100 million in revenue annually.", "precise_score": -3.867666721343994, "rough_score": -7.507876396179199, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In 1926, when two of Capone’s sworn enemies were spotted in Cicero, Capone ordered his men to gun them down. Unbeknownst to Capone, William McSwiggin, known as the “Hanging Prosecutor,” who had tried to prosecute him for a previous murder, was with the two marked men and all three were killed. Fed up with Chicago’s gang-dominated lawlessness, the public clamored for justice. The police had no evidence for the murders, so instead they raided Capone’s businesses, where they gathered documentation that would later be used to bolster charges against him of income-tax evasion. In response, Capone called for a “Peace Conference” among the city’s criminals, and an agreement was reached to stop the violence. It lasted just two months.", "precise_score": -10.658880233764648, "rough_score": -9.90961742401123, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone is one of the most infamous characters from American history. Al Capone's career as a crime boss in Prohibition-Era Chicago is very well known. His participation in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre and other violent \"gangland\" Chicago activities during the 20s and 30s lands him squarely in the \"Who's Who of American Criminals.\"", "precise_score": -0.04447832703590393, "rough_score": 2.0064799785614014, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Also known as �Scarface,� Capone, unlike similar gangsters of his era, did not come from an impoverished background. He infamously rose to fame as the boss of the Chicago Mafia during the period, known as Prohibition. The nefarious earnings he made rose to $100 million before he was sentenced for tax evasion and sent to Alcatraz in 1931.", "precise_score": -2.7598717212677, "rough_score": -6.6437296867370605, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Also, after marrying Mae Coughlin, Capone was determined to do the right thing for his family. As a result, the couple moved to Baltimore, away from Capone�s former gang contacts in New York, where the future mob boss took a job as bookkeeper with a construction company.", "precise_score": -8.326126098632812, "rough_score": -9.87045669555664, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "There was a good reason Al Capone wanted to be photographed from the right. His best-known nickname, \"Scarface,\" came because of severe scarring on the left side of his face.", "precise_score": -1.146993637084961, "rough_score": -2.0156381130218506, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In his earlier years, before he moved to Chicago, Capone was employed by gangster Frankie Yale, an acquaintance he by way of Johnny Torrio. Frankie hired him as a bartender and bouncer for a Coney Island inn. One evening, Capone made an improper comment to a woman at the bar, and her brother took exception to the uncomplimentary remark. In turn, the brother punched and slashed Capone�s face, leaving the scars that gave him his famous nickname.", "precise_score": -8.076780319213867, "rough_score": -8.922144889831543, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "One of his caddies was an eight-year-old named Tim Sullivan, who later recalled his experiences hauling clubs around for the notorious mobster. He described bets of $500 being made per hole among gangsters with names as lurid as Scarface's. \"Machine Gun\" Jack McGurn and Fred \"The Killer\" Burke were some of Capone�s golfing buddies.", "precise_score": 1.4509005546569824, "rough_score": -3.679516553878784, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Yes, it�s true - there was terrible violence, but it was primarily targeted at rival gang members or bosses, any of whom were out to gain a business advantage. Even the infamous Valentine's Day Massacre, which Al Capone was blamed for ordering, only targeted rival gang members. The loss of human life was terrible, but nonetheless limited in this respect.", "precise_score": -8.976802825927734, "rough_score": -9.626229286193848, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In some ways, Al Capone is full of contradictions. Notorious gangster and noted philanthropist; brutal murderer and sensible businessman; a criminal who considered himself a family man and loyal friend. His crimes are stark, but like any human, he was a complex character. No matter how he is remembered�a celebrity and icon of the Roaring Twenties or a despicable gangster who promoted vice and profited from it�he left a strong mark in American history.", "precise_score": -10.552957534790039, "rough_score": -10.08736515045166, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York on January 17th of 1899 to Gabriele and Teresina, Neapolitan immigrants of six years. He was the fifth out of nine children. Contrary to popular belief, Al Capone did not quit school in the 6th grade but his brother Raffaele did. Al Capone was the first child in his family to graduate from high school. He worked in a variety of street gangs, more importantly the teenage-run James Street Gang headed by Capone’s future mentor Johnny “Papa Johnny” Torrio . In school and in this gang, Capone met life long friend and future mafia boss Pierre Le Mont who would later be responsible for organizing the Five Families of New York City.", "precise_score": -8.253133773803711, "rough_score": -8.664260864257812, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Torrio and partner/fellow mafioso Frankie Yale hired teenage Al Capone in 1917 to be a bouncer in their bar and brothel where he disrespected the sister of mobster Frank Galluccio . Galluccio handled the situation by slashing young Capone in the face with a knife, leaving a gash on Capones left cheek, earning him the nickname “Scarface (Al)”. Al Capone later told people he was wounded while serving in the Lost Battalion in the Great War of France, however Al Capone had never served in the military.", "precise_score": 1.8217113018035889, "rough_score": -3.8798134326934814, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In January 1925, Capone was ambushed, leaving him shaken but unhurt. Twelve days later, Torrio was returning from a shopping trip when he was shot several times. After recovering, Torrio effectively resigned and handed control to Capone, age 26, who became the new boss of an organization that took in illegal breweries and a transportation network that reached to Canada, with political and law-enforcement protection. In turn, he was able to use more violence to increase revenue. Refusal by an establishment to purchase liquor from him often resulted in the premises being blown up. As many as 100 people were killed in such bombings during the 1920s. Rivals saw Capone as responsible for the proliferation of brothels in the city", "precise_score": -8.651418685913086, "rough_score": -9.78504753112793, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone based himself in Cicero after using bribery and widespread intimidation to take over during elections for the town council. This made it difficult for the North Siders to target him.Capone's driver was found tortured and murdered, and there was an attempt on Weiss's life in the Chicago Loop. On September 20, 1926, the North Side Gang used a ploy outside the Capone headquarters at the Hawthorne Inn, aimed at drawing him to the windows. Gunmen in several cars then opened fire with Thompson submachine guns and shotguns at the windows of the first-floor restaurant. Capone was unhurt and called for a truce, but the negotiations fell through. Three weeks later, Weiss was killed outside the former O'Banion flower shop North Side headquarters. In January 1927, the Hawthorne's restaurant owner, a friend of Capone's, was kidnapped and killed by Moran and Drucci.", "precise_score": -10.104071617126465, "rough_score": -9.947477340698242, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The main effect of Capone's conviction was that he ceased to be boss immediately on his imprisonment, but those involved in the jailing of Capone portrayed it as considerably undermining the city's organized crime syndicate. Far from being smashed, the Chicago Outfit continued without being troubled by the Chicago police, but at a lower-level and without the open violence that had marked Capone's rule. Organized crime in the city had a lower profile once Prohibition was repealed, already wary of attention after seeing Capone's notoriety bring him down, to the extent that there is a lack of consensus among writers about who was actually in control and who was a figurehead 'front boss'. Prostitution, labor union racketeering, and gambling became moneymakers for organized crime in the city without incurring serious investigation. In the late 1950s, FBI agents discovered an organization led by Capone's former lieutenants reigning supreme over the Chicago underworld.", "precise_score": -9.813422203063965, "rough_score": -9.772150039672852, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "1000+ images about Gangsters & Mobsters~Al \"Scarface\" Capone on Pinterest | January 27, Saint valentine and Frank nitti", "precise_score": -0.7614981532096863, "rough_score": -3.7458255290985107, "source": "search", "title": "Gangsters & Mobsters~Al \"Scarface\" Capone on Pinterest ..." }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Gangsters & Mobsters~Al \"Scarface\" Capone", "precise_score": -0.6001691222190857, "rough_score": -2.565585136413574, "source": "search", "title": "Gangsters & Mobsters~Al \"Scarface\" Capone on Pinterest ..." }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Alphonse Gabriel \"Al\" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old. The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre of gang rivals, resulted in killing seven men, damaged Chicago's image - as well as Capone's - leading influential citizens to demand governmental action and newspapers to dub him \"Public Enemy No. 1\".", "precise_score": -4.063298225402832, "rough_score": -5.2961225509643555, "source": "search", "title": "Gangsters & Mobsters~Al \"Scarface\" Capone on Pinterest ..." }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Infamous Chicago gangster Al Capone was born in the tough Williamsburgh section of Brooklyn, NY, the fourth of nine children of Italian immigrants from Naples. Capone was a born sociopath. In the sixth grade he beat up a teacher and promptly quit school. He picked up his education from the streets, \"making his bones\" when he joined the notorious James Street gang. This was run by Johnny Torrio , who later graduated Capone into the even more notorious Five Points gang. It was here that Capone became friends with Lucky Luciano , another who would become a hallmark in the '30s gangster era.", "precise_score": -8.488630294799805, "rough_score": -7.673361301422119, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "By his late teens Capone had been hired by Torrio and Frankie Yale as a bouncer at a saloon / brothel in Brooklyn. In 1918 he was involved in a bar fight over a prostitute with hoodlum Frank Galluccio. Gallucio went after Capone with a knife, resulting in Capone's picking up the moniker by which he would be known for the rest of his life--\"Scarface\" (although that word was NEVER used in his presence). Capone, however, would attribute the scar to wounds he received in battle while fighting with the famous \"lost battalion\" in France during World War I (the fact that Capone never spent one minute in the army was a minor point, apparently). By 1919 he was already suspected by New York police of at least two murders, so he moved to Chicago to work under Torrio's uncle, \"Big\" Jim Colosimo , a Chicago gangster who ran a string of brothels. Torrio and Colosimo had a dispute over bootlegging during the Prohibition era--Torrio was for it and Colosimo was against it. Torrio hatched a plot with Capone to have Colosimo \"rubbed out\" and they got their old pal Frankie Yale to do it. Over the next few years the new Torrio-Capone regime went to war with rival bootlegging gangs in Chicago. In 1924 they killed Charles Dion O'Bannion , head of the Irish North Side gang. That didn't end the war, however, which went on for several more years. Capone's younger brother Frank died in a hail of rival gangsters' bullets in 1924. In February 1925 Torrio, who had been badly wounded in a shootout, decided to retire. He told Capone, \"It's all yours\". At the tender age of 26, Al Capone found himself in control of a sophisticated crime organization with 1,000 gunmen at his command and a $300,000-a-week payroll. He was up to it, however, and made a smooth transition from a simple gun-toting leg-breaker, pimp and killer to a \"business executive\" (his business card stated that he sold \"second-hand furniture\"). It was estimated that at one point he had approximately half of Chicago's police department on his payroll, and his reach extended to the highest levels of Chicago's city government and even into the Illinois legislature (he was also suspected of having the Illinois governor \"in his pocket\"). He controlled the local political process by terrorizing voters into voting for candidates he picked. So great was his power that he claimed he \"owned\" Chicago, and once publicly assaulted the mayor of nearby Cicero--who was on his payroll--on the steps of City Hall for doing something without his clearance, while the local police looked the other way.", "precise_score": 0.426545649766922, "rough_score": -5.421934127807617, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was probably the first \"equal-opportunity\" mob boss. While many of his fellow Italian and Sicilian gangsters would only hire those from their own ethnic group, Capone hired Jews, Irish, Poles, Slovaks, blacks--as long as he considered them trustworthy, they could work for Capone. He even purged the Chicago organized crime scene of \"Mustache Petes\", the old-time Sicilian gangsters who he didn't think were capable of running a \"modern\" crime organization. Capone ran Chicago's gambling, prostitution and bootlegging empire, getting rich giving people what they wanted. He was soon wildly popular among the citizenry and was even cheered at the ballpark, while \"respectable\" citizens like President Herbert Hoover were not. Capone absorbed smaller gangs into his own--sometimes by negotiation, other times by gunfire--extending his reach to outside the Chicago environs and expanding his empire even further. He was, however, always concerned for his own safety and surrounded himself with trusted bodyguards (including Frank Gallucio, the man responsible for his nickname, \"Scarface\"). Several attempts were made on his life by rival mobsters--one time a convoy of cars full of gangster Hymie Weiss' gunmen shot up a restaurant at which Capone was dining; the place was destroyed, but Capone came through unscathed. Another time would-be assassins poisoned his soup, but his luck held out again.", "precise_score": -5.477585792541504, "rough_score": -4.876653671264648, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "He might wear a pinstriped suit, he might shoot a Tommy gun, and he might make you an offer you can’t refuse, but he’s not a gangster without a cool nickname. Ever since Prohibition, mobsters have been giving each other monikers like Al “Scarface” Capone, Charles “Lucky” Luciano, and “Bugs” Moran . It’s part of the persona, the Mafioso mystique. From associates to dons, made men are known for their codes of silence, violent deeds, and unique nicknames.", "precise_score": 0.2920972406864166, "rough_score": -3.006906747817993, "source": "search", "title": "10 Gangsters And Their Unique Nicknames - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "During the 1920s, Jake Guzik was the number two man in the Chicago mob, second only to Al Capone. Guzik served as Capone’s chief accountant and treasurer, and as such he was a very confident man. He’d walk around without a gun and always carried at least $1,000 in his pocket. After all, who was going to mess with Scarface’s right hand man?", "precise_score": -0.10700210183858871, "rough_score": -7.715638160705566, "source": "search", "title": "10 Gangsters And Their Unique Nicknames - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Tony Accardo was gangster royalty, the second man to run the Chicago mob after Al Capone (the first being Paul “The Waiter” Ricca). Before his rise to power, Accardo worked as Capone’s bodyguard, and on February 14, 1929, Accardo and three others disguised themselves as police officers and murdered seven thugs in the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre. However, Accardo’s preferred weapon wasn’t a Tommy gun. When two guys betrayed the gang, Accardo was sent to smooth things out—with a baseball bat. Accardo’s hitting skills earned him the name “Joe Batters.”", "precise_score": -8.281020164489746, "rough_score": -7.976933002471924, "source": "search", "title": "10 Gangsters And Their Unique Nicknames - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Alphonse Gabriel Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947), popularly known as Al Capone, was an American gangster who led a crime syndicate dedicated to the smuggling and bootlegging of liquor and other illegal activities during the Prohibition Era of the 1920s and 1930s.", "precise_score": -7.27529239654541, "rough_score": -8.715250015258789, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "New York, to southwest Italy emigrants Gabriele and Teresina Capone, Capone began his career in Brooklyn before moving to Chicago and becoming the boss of the criminal organization known as the Chicago Outfit (although his business card reportedly described him as a used furniture dealer).", "precise_score": -8.309562683105469, "rough_score": -9.733494758605957, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone left school in the sixth-grade at age 14, after being expelled for punching a teacher in the crotch at Public School 133. He then worked at odd jobs around Brooklyn, including in a candy store and a bowling alley. After his initial stint with small-time gangs, Capone joined the notorious Five Points Gang, headed by Frankie Yale. It was at this time he began working as a bartender and a bouncer at Yale’s establishment, the seedy Harvard Inn. It was there that Capone got the scars that gave him the nickname “Scarface”.", "precise_score": 2.629457712173462, "rough_score": 2.031709671020508, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was still working for Frankie Yale and is thought to have committed at least two murders before being sent to Chicago in 1919, mainly to avoid the retribution of Bill Lovett, a violent lieutenant in the White Hand Gang, who was busy searching for Capone who had supposedly hospitalized one of his subordinates. Capone was familiar with Chicago, having been sent there previously by Yale in order to help crime boss James “Big Jim” Colosimo dispose of a troublesome group of Black Hand extortionists. Capone went to work for Colosimo’s empire under Giovanni “Johnny” Torrio, another Brooklyn native.", "precise_score": -8.175488471984863, "rough_score": -8.888114929199219, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Severely injured in a 1925 assassination attempt by the North Side Gang, the shaken Torrio turned over his business to Capone and returned to Italy. Capone was notorious during the Prohibition Era for his control of large portions of the Chicago underworld, which provided the Outfit with an estimated US$10 million per year in revenue. This wealth was generated through all manner of illegal enterprises, although the largest money-maker was the sale of liquor.", "precise_score": -10.165421485900879, "rough_score": -9.762142181396484, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Demand was met by a transportation network that moved smuggled liquor from the rum-runners of the East Coast and The Purple Gang in Detroit and local production in the form of Midwestern moonshine operations and illegal breweries. With the funds generated by his bootlegging operation, Capone’s grip on the political and law enforcement establishments in Chicago grew stronger. Through this organized corruption, which included the bribing of Mayor of Chicago William “Big Bill” Hale Thompson, Capone’s gang operated largely free from legal intrusion, operating brothels, casinos and speakeasies throughout Chicago. Wealth also permitted Capone to indulge in a luxurious lifestyle of custom suits, cigars, gourmet food and drink (his preferred liquor was Templeton Rye from Iowa), jewelry and female companionship.", "precise_score": -10.367399215698242, "rough_score": -9.833416938781738, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "These attacks prompted Capone to order the outfitting of his Cadillac with armor plating, bullet-proof glass, run-flat tires, and a police siren. However, most of the would-be assassins were incompetent, and Capone was never seriously wounded. But, it should be noted that although Capone was never hurt, every attempt on his life left him increasingly shaken and slightly afraid of Moran who most certainly had an involvement in almost every attempt. Members of the gang that had wounded Torrio shot into the headquarters of Capone’s gang, which was disguised as a doctor’s office and an antique dealer’s shop. Nobody was hurt in the raid (Capone’s bodyguard threw him to the ground at the first sound of gunfire), although the headquarters was riddled with bullet holes. This event scared Capone to no end and forced him to call for truce, one that would be short-lived.When the headquarters moved to the Lexington Hotel, Capone had it filled with his armed bodyguards around the clock. For his trips away from Chicago, Capone was reputed to have had several other retreats and hideouts located in Brookfield, Wisconsin; Saint Paul, Minnesota; Olean, New York; French Lick, as well as Terre Haute, Indiana; Dubuque, Iowa; Hot Springs, Arkansas; Johnson City, Tennessee; and Lansing, Michigan. Tunnels found under the city of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, are said to have been another hideout of Capone’s.[3] As a further precaution, Capone and his entourage would often suddenly show up at a one of Chicago’s train depots and buy up an entire Pullman sleeper car on night trains to places like Cleveland, Omaha, Kansas City and Little Rock/Hot Springs, Ark. where they would spend a week in a luxury hotel suite under assumed names (with the apparent knowledge and blessing of local authorities). In 1928, Capone bought a retreat on Palm Island, Florida. In retrospect, these security measures seem excessive and based on paranoid ideation. Nevertheless, Capone’s fear of being killed was quite understandable in light of the North Side’ repeated attempts to eliminate him. The fusilade launched against his headquarters where at least ten gunmen blasted away at him for over ten minutes must have been particularly unnerving. Capone considered Moran to be a homicidal lunatic (for good reason) and lived in continuous fear of him and his gang of brutal thugs. Even in his last days, as he lay ravaged by syphilis, Capone raved on about Moran (as well as communists and foreigners) whom he was convinced was still plotting to do him in from the confines of his Ohio prison cell.", "precise_score": -8.380558013916016, "rough_score": -9.951210975646973, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone orchestrated the most notorious gangland killing of the century, the 1929 St. Valentine’s Day Massacre in the Lincoln Park neighborhood on Chicago’s North Side. Although details of the killing of the seven victims in a garage at 2122 North Clark Street are still in dispute and no one was ever indicted for the crime, their deaths are generally linked to Capone and his henchmen, especially Jack “Machine Gun” McGurn. McGurn is thought to have led the operation, using gunmen disguised as police and toting shotguns and Thompson submachine guns.", "precise_score": -5.865796089172363, "rough_score": -7.41203498840332, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The massacre was Capone’s effort to dispose of Moran. The North Side gang had become increasingly bold in hijacking the Outfit’s booze trucks and encroaching on the South Side and Capone was ready to put it to an end. After all efforts to secure a truce had failed, Capone, his accountant/chief extortionist Jake “Greasy Thumb” Gusik and Frank “The Enforcer” Nitti agreed that they’d have to risk the political heat that would come from wiping out Moran and his gang or face eventual elimination at the hands of the North Siders. They assigned the task to McGurn and told him to use “outside torpedoes” to avoid implication. McGurn secured the services of triggermen from New York, Tennessee, Detroit and downstate Illinois.They rented an apartment across from the Clark Street trucking garage that served as a Moran headquarters to monitor their targets’ habits and movements and placed a call to the garage offering to sell a truckload of whiskey stolen by freelancing Sicilian immigrants from a Capone shipment. Such freelancers often hijacked such shipments from both gangs and sold them to the highest bidders so no suspicions were aroused in the Moran camp. The stolen booze (high-grade Canadian whiskey) was brought to the the garage and the deal was done.", "precise_score": -9.523662567138672, "rough_score": -9.598187446594238, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Reassigned to mopping up the prison bathhouse, Capone was nicknamed the “wop with the mop” by inmates. He was later stabbed in the back by Lucas, who was sentenced to solitary confinement. Capone was hospitalized for a week. He suffered further harassment and unsuccessful attempts on his life throughout his prison sentence, including spiking his coffee with lye and attacking him as he was walking towards the dentist’s office. He remained under protection from several inmates (possibly from payoffs by the Chicago Outfit).", "precise_score": -9.74934196472168, "rough_score": -9.15822696685791, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In a book of photographs titled \"New York City Gangland\", both Capone and his NYC bootlegging ally Guiseppe \"Joe The Boss\" Masseria appear in Prohibition-era \"bathing beauty\" portraits.", "precise_score": -2.6875669956207275, "rough_score": -5.172617435455322, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In The Onion satirical journal, CPA-ONE was a prominent member of an office accounting gang led by Herbert Kornfeld. Film and Television Capone has been portrayed on screen by:", "precise_score": -10.598791122436523, "rough_score": -9.761610984802246, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In the manga series Soul Eater, Al Capone appears as a Mob Boss for people who devour human souls.He is killed later on by a bodyguard who was protecting a young witch.", "precise_score": -9.797104835510254, "rough_score": -9.83103084564209, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In the manga series One Piece, the pirate captain, Capone 'Gang' Bege is based on Al Capone.", "precise_score": -10.843857765197754, "rough_score": -10.1025972366333, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In the PlayStation 2 role playing game Shadow Hearts: From the New World, Capone must be rescued from Alcatraz by the party when an assassin is sent to kill him. He is deeply indebted to the party thereafter, assisting them on a number of occasions. In the PlayStation 2 game Scarface: The World Is Yours there is a selectable car which is said to be Capone's car.", "precise_score": -7.6160197257995605, "rough_score": -7.898951530456543, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The federal authorities became intent on jailing Capone, and they prosecuted him for tax evasion in 1931, a federal crime and a novel strategy during the era. During the highly publicized case, the judge admitted as evidence Capone's admissions of his income and unpaid taxes during prior (and ultimately abortive) negotiations to pay the government any back taxes he owed. Capone was convicted and sentenced to 11 years in federal prison. After conviction, he replaced his old defense team with experts in tax law, and his grounds for appeal were strengthened by a Supreme Court ruling, but his appeal ultimately failed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21302604675293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "He was already showing signs of syphilitic dementia early in his sentence, and he became increasingly debilitated before being released after eight years. On January 25, 1947, Capone died of cardiac arrest after suffering a stroke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225777626037598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York on January 17, 1899. His parents were Italian immigrants Gabriele Capone (December 12, 1865 – November 14, 1920) and Teresa Capone (née Rayola; December 28, 1867 – November 29, 1952). His father was a barber and his mother was a seamstress, both born in Angri, a town in the Province of Salerno. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.640589714050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Gabriele and Teresa had nine children: Alphonse \"Al\" Capone; Vincenzo Capone, who later changed his name to Richard Hart and became a Prohibition agent in Homer, Nebraska; Raffaele James Capone, AKA Ralph \"Bottles\" Capone, who took charge of his brother's beverage industry; Salvatore \"Frank\" Capone, Ermina Capone, who died at the age of one, Ermino \"John\" Capone, Albert Capone, Matthew Capone, and Mafalda Capone (who married John J. Maritote). Ralph and Frank worked with him in his criminal empire. Frank did so until his death on April 1, 1924. Ralph ran the bottling companies (both legal and illegal) early on, and was also the front man for the Chicago Outfit for some time until he was imprisoned for tax evasion in 1932.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.302881240844727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The Capone family immigrated to the United States, first immigrating from Italy to Fiume, Austria-Hungary (present day Rijeka, Croatia) in 1893, traveling on a ship to the U.S., and finally settling at 95 Navy Street, in the Navy Yard section of downtown Brooklyn. Gabriele Capone worked at a nearby barber shop at 29 Park Avenue. When Al was 11, the Capone family moved to 38 Garfield Place in Park Slope, Brooklyn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.172966957092285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone showed promise as a student, but had trouble with the rules at his strict parochial Catholic school. His schooling ended at the age of 14, after he was expelled for hitting a female teacher in the face. He worked at odd jobs around Brooklyn, including a candy store and a bowling alley. During this time, Capone was influenced by gangster Johnny Torrio, whom he came to regard as a mentor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871843338012695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone married Mae Josephine Coughlin on December 30, 1918 at age 19. She was Irish Catholic and, earlier that month, had given birth to their son Albert Francis \"Sonny\" Capone. Capone was under the age of 21, so his parents had to consent to the marriage in writing. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.849883079528809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Chicago's location on Lake Michigan gave access to a vast inland territory, and it was well-served by railroads. Torrio took over Colosimo's crime empire after Colosimo's murder on May 11, 1920, in which Capone was suspected of being involved. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233121871948242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone indulged in custom suits, cigars, gourmet food and drink (his preferred liquor was Templeton Rye from Iowa), and female companionship. He was particularly known for his flamboyant and costly jewelry. His favorite responses to questions about his activities were: \"I am just a businessman, giving the people what they want\"; and, \"All I do is satisfy a public demand.\" Capone had become a national celebrity and talking point.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.951111793518066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone became increasingly security-minded and desirous of getting away from Chicago. As a precaution, he and his entourage would often show up suddenly at one of Chicago's train depots and buy up an entire Pullman sleeper car on a night train to a place like Cleveland, Omaha, Kansas City, Little Rock, or Hot Springs, where they would spend a week in luxury hotel suites under assumed names. In 1928, Capone paid $40,000 to beer magnate August Busch for a 14-room retreat at 93 Palm Avenue on Palm Island, Florida, in Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach. Capone never registered any property under his name. He did not even have a bank account, but always used Western Union for cash delivery, not more than $1,000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11642074584961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The protagonists of Chicago's politics had long been associated with questionable methods, and even newspaper circulation \"wars\", but the need for bootleggers to have protection in city hall introduced a far more serious level of violence and graft. Capone is generally seen as having an appreciable effect in bringing about the victories of Republican William Hale Thompson, especially in the 1927 mayoral race when Thompson campaigned for a wide open town, at one time hinting that he'd reopen illegal saloons. Such a proclamation helped his campaign gain the support of Capone, and he allegedly accepted a contribution of $250,000 from the gangster. In the 1927 mayoral race, Thompson beat William Emmett Dever by a relatively slim margin. Thompson's powerful Cook County political machine had drawn on the often-parochial Italian community, but this was in tension with his highly successful courting of African Americans. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.889694213867188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone continued to back Thompson. Voting booths were targeted by Capone's bomber James Belcastro in the wards where Thompson's opponents were thought to have support, on the polling day of April 10, 1928, in the so-called Pineapple Primary, causing the deaths of at least 15 people. Belcastro was also accused of the murder of lawyer Octavius Granady, an African American who challenged Thompson's candidate for the African American vote, and was chased through the streets on polling day by cars of gunmen before being shot dead. Four policemen were among those charged along with Belcastro, but all charges were dropped after key witnesses recanted their statements. An indication of the attitude of local law enforcement to Capone's organization came in 1931 when Belcastro was wounded in a shooting; police suggested to skeptical journalists that Belcastro was an independent operator. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.688712120056152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre led to public disquiet about Thompson's alliance with Capone and was a factor in Anton J. Cermak winning the mayoral election on April 6, 1931. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179279327392578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was widely assumed to have been responsible for ordering the 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre in an attempt to kill Bugs Moran, the head of the North Side Gang. Moran was the last survivor of the main North Side gunmen; his succession had come about because his similarly aggressive predecessors Vincent Drucci and Hymie Weiss had been killed in the violence that followed the murder of original leader Dean O'Banion. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.236669540405273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "To monitor their targets' habits and movements, Capone's men rented an apartment across from the trucking warehouse and garage at 2122 North Clark Street that served as Moran headquarters. On the morning of Thursday, February 14, 1929, Capone's lookouts signaled gunmen disguised as police to start a \"raid.\" The faux police lined the seven victims along a wall without a struggle, then signaled for accomplices with machine guns. The seven victims were machine-gunned and shot-gunned. Photos of the victims shocked the public and damaged Capone's reputation. Within days, Capone received a summons to testify before a Chicago grand jury on violations of the federal Prohibition Law, but he claimed to be too unwell to attend at that time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.927982330322266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was arrested by FBI agents on March 27, 1929 as he left a Chicago courtroom after testifying to a grand jury investigating violations of federal prohibition laws, on charges of having committed contempt of court by feigning illness to avoid an earlier appearance. In May 1929, Capone was sentenced to a prison term in Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary, having been convicted within 16 hours of being arrested for carrying a gun during a trip there. A week after he was released, in March 1930, Capone was listed as the number one \"Public Enemy\" on the unofficial Chicago Crime Commission's widely publicized list.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004449844360352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In April 1930, Capone was arrested on vagrancy charges when visiting Miami Beach, the governor having ordered sheriffs to run him out of the state. Capone claimed that Miami police had refused him food and water and threatened to arrest his family. He was charged with perjury for making these statements, but was acquitted after a three-day trial in July. In September, a Chicago judge issued a warrant for Capone on charges of vagrancy, and then used the publicity to run against Thompson in the Republican primary. In February 1931, Capone was tried on the contempt of court charge. In court, Judge James Herbert Wilkerson intervened to reinforce questioning of Capone's doctor by the prosecutor. Wilkerson sentenced Capone to six months, but he remained free while on appeal of the contempt conviction. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.900181770324707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In 1927, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally earned income was subject to income tax; Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. rejected the argument that the Fifth Amendment protected criminals from reporting illegal income. The IRS special investigation unit chose Frank J. Wilson to investigate Capone, with the focus on his spending. The key to Capone's conviction on tax charges was proving his income, and the most valuable evidence in that regard originated in his offer to pay tax. Ralph, his brother and a gangster in his own right, was tried for tax evasion in 1930. Ralph spent the next three years in prison after being convicted in a two-week trial over which Wilkerson presided. Capone ordered his lawyer to regularize his tax position. Crucially, during the ultimately abortive negotiations that followed, his lawyer stated the income that Capone was willing to pay tax on for various years, admitting income of $100,000 for 1928 and 1929, for instance. Hence, without any investigation, the government had been given a letter from a lawyer acting for Capone conceding his large taxable income for certain years. In 1931, Capone was charged with income tax evasion, as well as with various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition) at the Chicago Federal Building in the courtroom of Judge James Herbert Wilkerson. U. S. Attorney George E. Q. Johnson agreed to a deal that he hoped might result in the judge giving Capone a couple of years, but Judge Wilkerson had been aware of the deal all along and refused to allow Capone to plead guilty for a reduced sentence. On the second day of the trial, Judge Wilkerson overruled objections that a lawyer could not confess for his client, saying that anyone making a statement to the government did so at his own risk. Wilkerson deemed that the 1930 letter to federal authorities could be admitted into evidence from a lawyer acting for Capone. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.658031463623047, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Much was later made of other evidence, such as witnesses and ledgers, but these strongly implied Capone's control rather than stating it. The ledgers were inadmissible on grounds of statute of limitations, but Capone's lawyers incompetently failed to make the necessary timely objection; they also ran a basically irrelevant defense of gambling losses. Judge Wilkerson allowed Capone's spending to be presented at very great length. There was no doubt that Capone spent vast sums but, legally speaking, the case against him centered on the size of his income. Capone was convicted and was sentenced to eleven years in federal prison in November 1931, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes. The contempt of court sentence was served concurrently. New lawyers hired to represent Capone were Washington-based tax experts. They filed a writ of habeas corpus based on a Supreme Court ruling that tax evasion was not fraud, which apparently meant that Capone had been convicted on charges relating to years that were actually outside the time limit for prosecution. However, a judge interpreted the law so that the time that Capone had spent in Miami was subtracted from the age of the offenses, thereby denying the appeal of both Capone's conviction and sentence. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104649543762207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After Capone was released from prison, he was referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore for the treatment of paresis (caused by late-stage syphilis). Hopkins refused to admit him based solely on his reputation, but Union Memorial Hospital took him in. Capone was grateful for the compassionate care that he received and donated two Japanese weeping cherry trees to Union Memorial Hospital in 1939. A very sickly Capone left Baltimore on March 20, 1940, after a few weeks inpatient and a few weeks outpatient, for Palm Island, Florida. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.918922424316406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In 1946, his physician and a Baltimore psychiatrist performed examinations and concluded that Capone had the mental capability of a 12-year-old child. Capone spent the last years of his life at his mansion in Palm Island, Florida. On January 21, 1947, Capone had a stroke. He regained consciousness and started to improve but contracted pneumonia. He suffered a fatal cardiac arrest the next day. On January 25, 1947, Al Capone died in his home, surrounded by his family; he wаs buried аt Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953171730041504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*Capone is an antagonist in Hergé's Tintin in America and is referred to in Tintin in the Congo. He is the only real-life character depicted in his real-life role in the The Adventures of Tintin series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869444847106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*A reincarnated Capone is a major character in science fiction author Peter F. Hamilton's Night's Dawn Trilogy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237958908081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Capone's grandniece Deirdre Marie Capone wrote a book titled Uncle Al Capone: The Untold Story from Inside His Family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355012893676758, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Al Capone is a central character in the fantasy novel Cosa Nosferatu, which imagines Capone and Eliot Ness entangled with Randolph Carter and other elements of H.P. Lovecraft mythos.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.215417861938477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Jack Bilbo claimed to have been a bodyguard for Capone in his book Carrying a Gun for Al Capone (1932). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.72906494140625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Al Capone is also mentioned and met by the main character Moose in the book Al Capone Does My Shirts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.240401268005371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone has been portrayed on screen by:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.309988021850586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Rod Steiger in Al Capone (1959).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03146743774414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*José Calvo in Due mafiosi contro Al Capone (1966).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274225234985352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*Ben Gazzara in Capone (1975).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.133368492126465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Ray Sharkey in The Revenge of Al Capone (1989)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.974004745483398, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*Eric Roberts in The Lost Capone (1990)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.083044052124023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*Bernie Gigliotti in The Babe (1992), in a brief scene in a Chicago nightclub during which Capone and his mentor Johnny Torrio, played by Guy Barile, meet the film's main character Babe Ruth, portrayed by John Goodman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.508703231811523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "* F. Murray Abraham in Dillinger and Capone (1995).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943123817443848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Actors playing characters based on Capone include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437320709228516, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Frank Ronzio as Litmus in Escape from Alcatraz (1979) introduces himself to newcomer Charlie Butts as \"Al Capone\". The movie is set in 1962, 15 years after Capone's death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.896567344665527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Prince Buster, Jamaican ska and rocksteady musician, had his first hit in the UK with the single \"Al Capone\" in 1967. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.810342788696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "* The British pop group Paper Lace's 1974 hit song The Night Chicago Died mentions that \"a man named Al Capone, tried to make that town his own, and he called his gang to war, with the forces of the law.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39114761352539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Al Capone is referenced heavily in Prodigy's track \"Al Capone Zone\", produced by The Alchemist and featuring Keak Da Sneak. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310210227966309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*\"Al Capone\" is a song by Michael Jackson. Jackson recorded the song during the Bad era (circa 1987), but it wasn't included on the album. The song was released in September 2012 in celebration of the album's 25th anniversary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374683380126953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "*Multiple Hip-Hop artists have adopted the name \"Capone\" for their stage names including: Capone, Mr. Capone-E, and Al Kapone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281655311584473, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "*Fans of Serbian football club Partizan are using Al Capone's character as a mascot for one of their subgroups called \"Alcatraz\", named after a prison in which Al Capone served his sentence. Also, in honour of Capone, a graffiti representation of him exists in the center of Belgrade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.095954895019531, "source": "wiki", "title": "Al Capone" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322547912597656, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Who Was Al Capone?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290670394897461, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone's Childhood", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308296203613281, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone was the fourth of nine children born to Gabriele and Teresina (Teresa) Capone. Although Capone's parents had emigrated from Italy, Al Capone grew up in Brooklyn, New York .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949318885803223, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "From all known accounts, Capone's childhood was a normal one. His father was a barber and his mother stayed home with the children. They were a tight-knit Italian family who were trying to succeed in their new country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.131904602050781, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Like many immigrant families at the time, the Capone children often dropped out of school early to help earn money for the family. Al Capone stayed in school until he was 14 and then left to take a number of odd jobs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395027160644531, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "One day while working at the Harvard Inn, Capone saw a man and woman sitting at a table. After his initial advances were ignored, Capone went up to the good-looking woman and whispered in her ear, \"Honey, you have a nice ass and I mean that as a compliment.\" The man with her was her brother, Frank Gallucio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18727970123291, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Not long after this attack, Al Capone met Mary (\"Mae\") Coughlin, who was pretty, blonde, middle-class, and came from a respectable Irish family. A few months after they started dating, Mae became pregnant. Al Capone and Mae got married on December 30, 1918, three weeks after their son (Albert Francis Capone, a.k.a. \"Sonny\") was born. Sonny was to remain Capone's only child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.062094688415527, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Throughout the rest of his life, Al Capone kept his family and his business interests completely separate. Capone was a doting father and husband, taking great care in keeping his family safe, cared for, and out of the spotlight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21860408782959, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "However, despite his love for his family, Capone did have a number of mistresses over the years. Plus, unknown to him at the time, Capone contracted syphilis from a prostitute before he met Mae. Since the symptoms of syphilis can disappear quickly, Capone had no idea that he still had the sexually transmitted disease or that it would so greatly affect his health in later years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.31440544128418, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone Moves to Chicago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.436734199523926, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "About 1920, Capone left the East Coast and headed to Chicago. He was looking for a fresh start working for Chicago crime boss Johnny Torrio. Unlike Yale who used violence to run his racket, Torrio was a sophisticated gentleman who preferred cooperation and negotiation to rule his crime organization. Capone was to learn a lot from Torrio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.407220840454102, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone started out in Chicago as a manager for the Four Deuces, a place where clients could drink and gamble downstairs or visit prostitutes upstairs. Capone did well in this position and worked hard to earn Torrio's respect. Soon Torrio had increasingly important jobs for Capone and by 1922 Capone had risen up the ranks in Torrio's organization.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.952948570251465, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When William E. Dever, an honest man, took over as Chicago's mayor in 1923, Torrio decided to avoid the mayor's attempts to curb crime by moving his headquarters to the Chicago suburb of Cicero. It was Capone who made this happen. Capone established speakeasies, brothels, and gambling joints. Capone also worked diligently to get all the important city officials on his payroll. It didn't take long for Capone to \"own\" Cicero.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.021812438964844, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone had more than proven his worth to Torrio and it wasn't long before Torrio handed over the entire organization to Capone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35367202758789, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone Becomes Crime Boss", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.251855850219727, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Following the November 1924 murder of Dion O'Banion (an associate of Torrio and Capone's who had become untrustworthy), Torrio and Capone were seriously hunted by one of O'Banion's vengeful friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98487377166748, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Fearing for his life, Capone drastically upgraded everything about his personal safety, including surrounding himself with bodyguards and ordering a bulletproof Cadillac sedan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.211999893188477, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Torrio, on the other hand, did not greatly change his routine and on January 12, 1925 was savagely attacked just outside his home. Nearly killed, Torrio decided to retire and hand his entire organization over to Capone in March 1925.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155508041381836, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone had learned well from Torrio and soon proved himself to be an extremely successful crime boss.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.442195892333984, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone as a Celebrity Gangster", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.754155158996582, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone, only 26-years old, was now in charge of a very large crime organization that included brothels, nightclubs, dance halls, race tracks, gambling establishments, restaurants, speakeasies, breweries, and distilleries. As a major crime boss in Chicago, Capone put himself in the public's eye.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.327335357666016, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was also known for his generosity. He would frequently tip a waiter $100, had standing orders in Cicero to hand out coal and clothes to the needy during the cold winters, and opened some of the first soup kitchens during the Great Depression .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199334144592285, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "There were also numerous stories of how Capone would personally help out when he heard a hard-luck story, such as a woman considering turning to prostitution to help her family or a young kid who couldn't go to college because of the high cost of tuition. Capone was so generous to the average citizen that some even considered him a modern-day Robin Hood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36956787109375, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone the Killer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.159533500671387, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "As much as the average citizen considered Capone to be a generous benefactor and local celebrity, Capone was also a cold-blooded killer. Although the exact numbers will never be known, it is believed that Capone personally murdered dozens of people and ordered the killing of hundreds of others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.071166038513184, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "One such example of Capone handling things personally occurred in the spring of 1929. Capone had learned that three of his associates planned to betray him, so he invited all three to a huge banquet. After the three unsuspecting men had eaten heartily and drank their fill, Capone's bodyguards quickly tied them to their chairs. Capone then picked up a baseball bat and began hitting them, breaking bone after bone. When Capone was done with them, the three men were shot in the head and their bodies dumped out of town.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.093531608581543, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The most famous example of a hit believed to be ordered by Capone was the February 14, 1929 assassination now called the St. Valentine's Day Massacre . On that day, Capone's henchman \"Machine Gun\" Jack McGurn attempted to lure rival crime leader George \"Bugs\" Moran into a garage and kill him. The ruse was actually quite elaborate and would have been completely successful if Moran hadn't been running a few minutes late. Still, seven of Moran's top men were gunned down in that garage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.714275360107422, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Despite committing murder and other crimes for years, it was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre that brought Capone to the attention of the federal government. When President Herbert Hoover learned about Capone, Hoover personally pushed for Capone's arrest.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.084065437316895, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The federal government had a two-pronged attack plan. One part of the plan included collecting evidence of Prohibition violations as well as shutting down Capone's illegal businesses. Treasury agent Eliot Ness and his group of \"Untouchables\" were to enact this part of the plan by frequently raiding Capone's breweries and speakeasies. The forced shut down, plus the confiscation of all that was found, severely hurt Capone's business -- and his pride.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313419342041016, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The second part of the government's plan was to find evidence of Capone not paying taxes on his massive income. Capone had been careful over the years to run his businesses with cash only or through third parties. However, the IRS found an incriminating ledger and some witnesses who were able to testify against Capone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.392386436462402, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "On October 6, 1931, Capone was brought to trial. He was charged with 22 counts of tax evasion and 5,000 violations of the Volstead Act (the main Prohibition law). The first trial focused only on the tax evasion charges. On October 17, Capone was found guilty of only five of the 22 tax evasion charges. The judge, not wanting Capone to get off easily, sentenced Capone to 11 years in prison, $50,000 in fines, and court costs totalling $30,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332596778869629, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was completely shocked. He had thought he could bribe the jury and get away with these charges just like he had dozens of others. He had no idea that this was to be the end of his reign as crime boss. He was only 32 years old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6231107711792, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone Goes to Alcatraz", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.439912796020508, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When most high ranking gangsters went to prison, they usually bribed the warden and prison guards in order to make their stay behind bars plush with amenities. Capone was not that lucky. The government wanted to make an example of him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.937283515930176, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After his appeal was denied, Capone was taken to the Atlanta Penitentiary in Georgia on May 4, 1932. When rumors leaked out that Capone had been receiving special treatment there, he was chosen to be one of the first inmates at the new maximum security prison at Alcatraz in San Francisco.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057882308959961, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When Capone arrived at Alcatraz in August 1934, he became prisoner number 85. There were no bribes and no amenities at Alcatraz. Capone was in a new prison with the most violent of criminals, many of whom wanted to challenge the tough gangster from Chicago. However, just as daily life became more brutal for him, his body began to suffer from the long-term effects of syphilis.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.384750366210938, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Over the next several years, Capone began to grow increasingly disoriented, experienced convulsions, slurred speech, and a shuffling walk. His mind quickly deteriorated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.194735527038574, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After spending four-and-a-half years at Alcatraz, Capone was transferred on January 6, 1939 to a hospital at the Federal Correctional Institution in Los Angeles. A few months after that Capone was transferred to a penitentiary in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23342227935791, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "On November 16, 1939, Capone was paroled.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.661672592163086, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone had tertiary syphilis and it wasn't something that could be healed. However, Capone's wife, Mae, took him to a number of different doctors. Despite many novel attempts at a cure, Capone's mind continued to degenerate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.376124382019043, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone spent his remaining years in quiet retirement at his estate in Miami, Florida while his health slowly got worse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36340045928955, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "On January 19, 1947, Capone suffered a stroke. After developing pneumonia, Capone died on January 25, 1947 of cardiac arrest at age 48.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.746173858642578, "source": "search", "title": "The Life and Crimes of Al Capone - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43891429901123, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone’s Early Years in New York", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2617826461792, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Alphonse Capone (1899–1947) was born in Brooklyn, New York , the son of recent Italian immigrants Gabriele and Teresina Capone. A poor family that came to America seeking a better life, the Capones and their eight children lived a typical immigrant lifestyle in a New York tenement. Capone’s father was as a barber, and his mother was a seamstress. There was nothing in Capone’s childhood or family life that could have predicted his rise to infamy as America’s most notorious gangster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.476847648620605, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone earned $60 million annually selling illegal liquor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.438209533691406, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was a good student in his Brooklyn elementary school, but began falling behind and had to repeat the sixth grade. It was around that time that he started playing hooky and hanging out at the Brooklyn docks. One day, Capone’s teacher hit him for insolence and he struck back. The principal gave him a beating, and Capone never again returned to school. By this time, the Capones had moved out of the tenement to a better home in the outskirts of the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn. It was here that Capone would meet both his future wife, Mary (Mae) Coughlin, and his mob mentor, numbers racketeer Johnny Torrio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.105456352233887, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone Meets Johnny Torrio", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401723861694336, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Torrio was running a numbers and gambling operation near Capone’s home when Capone began running small errands for him. Although Torrio left Brooklyn for Chicago in 1909, the two remained close. Early on, Capone stuck to legitimate employment, working in a munitions factory and as a paper cutter. He did spend some time among the street gangs in Brooklyn, but aside from occasional scrapes, his gang activities were mostly uneventful.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.410269737243652, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone in Chicago", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.273185729980469, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In Chicago, Torrio was presiding over a booming business in gambling and prostitution, but with the enactment in 1920 of the 18th Amendment prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol, Torrio focused on a new, more lucrative field: bootlegging. As a former petty thug and bookkeeper, Capone brought both his street smarts and his expertise with numbers to Torrio’s Chicago operations. Torrio recognized Capone’s skills and quickly promoted him to partner. But unlike the low-profile Torrio, Capone began to develop a reputation as a drinker and rabble-rouser. After hitting a parked taxicab while driving drunk, he was arrested for the first time. Torrio quickly used his city government connections to get him off.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.738757133483887, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone cleaned up his act when his family arrived from Brooklyn. His wife and son, along with his mother, younger brothers and sister all moved to Chicago, and Capone bought a modest house in the middle-class South Side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25381851196289, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In 1923, when Chicago elected a reformist mayor who announced that he planned to rid the city of corruption, Torrio and Capone moved their base beyond the city limits to suburban Cicero. But a 1924 mayoral election in Cicero threatened their operations. To ensure they could continue doing business, Torrio and Capone initiated an intimidation effort on the day of the election, March 31, 1924, to guarantee their candidate would get elected. Some voters were even shot and killed. Chicago sent in police to respond, and they brutally gunned down Capone’s brother Frank in the street.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13171672821045, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone’s Reputation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282211303710938, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The press followed Capone’s every move avidly, and he was able to gain public sympathy with his gregarious and generous personality. Some even considered him a kind of Robin Hood figure, or as anti- Prohibition resentment grew, a dissident who worked on the side of the people. However, in later years, as Capone’s name increasingly became connected with brutal violence, his popularity waned.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.072137832641602, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "By early 1929 Capone dominated the illegal liquor trade in Chicago. But other racketeers vied for a piece of the profitable bootlegging business, and among them was Capone’s long-time rival “Bugs” Moran. Moran had previously tried to assassinate both Torrio and Capone, and now he was after Capone’s top hit man, “Machine Gun” Jack McGurn. Capone and McGurn decided to kill Moran. On February 14, 1929, posing as police, McGurn’s gunmen assassinated seven of Moran’s men in cold blood in a North Side garage. Alerted to the danger as he approached the garage, Bugs Moran escaped the slaughter. Although Capone was staying at his Miami home at the time, the public and the media immediately blamed him for the massacre. He was dubbed “Public Enemy Number One.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.496203422546387, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In response to the public outcry over the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, President Herbert Hoover ordered the federal government to step up its efforts to get Capone on income-tax evasion. The Supreme Court had ruled in 1927 that income gained on illegal activities was taxable, which gave the government a strong case for prosecuting Capone. On June 5, 1931 the U.S. government finally indicted Capone on 22 counts of income-tax evasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.194262504577637, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Although the government had solid evidence against him, Capone remained confident that he would get off with a minimal sentence and struck a plea bargain in return for a two-and-a-half year sentence. When the judge in the case declared that he would not honor the agreement, Capone quickly withdrew his guilty plea, and the case went to trial. During the trial Capone used the best weapon in his arsenal: bribery and intimidation. But at the last moment, the judge switched to an entirely new jury. Capone was found guilty and sent to prison for 11 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23153018951416, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone spent the first two years of his incarceration in a federal prison in Atlanta. After he was caught bribing guards, however, Capone was sent to the notorious island prison Alcatraz in 1934. Isolated there from the outside world, he could no longer wield his still considerable influence. Moreover, he began suffering from poor health. Capone had contracted syphilis as a young man, and he now suffered from neurosyphilis, causing dementia. After serving six-and-a-half years, Capone was released in 1939 to a mental hospital in Baltimore, where he remained for three years. His health rapidly declining, Capone lived out his last days in Miami with his wife. He died of cardiac arrest on January 25, 1947.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.861141204833984, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When Capone died, a New York Times headline trumpeted, “End of an Evil Dream.” Capone’s was at times both loved and hated by the media and the public. When Prohibition was repealed in 1933, some in the public felt that Capone’s and others’ involvement in selling liquor had been vindicated. But Capone was a ruthless gangster responsible for murdering or ordering the assassinations of scores of people, and his contemptible acts of violence remain at the center of his legacy. Capone’s image as a cold-blooded killer and quintessential mobster has lived on long beyond his death in the many films and books inspired by his life as the most notorious gangster in American history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.512837409973145, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421126365661621, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421126365661621, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "So, while it�s easy to think of Capone as a villain or antihero, it�s the details of his life that cause people to regard the gangster with interest. Here are 15 facts you may not know about Al Capone that make his life a continual interest to the public.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1348295211792, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "For a man who became a hardened career criminal with multiple murders credited to his name, Capone�s early life was remarkably ordinary, if not uneventful. Born in Brooklyn, New York to Italian immigrant parents, Capone was raised by his mother who was a seamstress, and his father who made a living as a barber. Al, whose actual name was Alphonse, was one of eight children living a typical immigrant lifestyle in the heart of New York City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.86196231842041, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Al was a smart kid and a good student in elementary school, but he started falling behind in the sixth grade. Forced to repeat sixth grade, Capone�s faltering studies had less to do with his intelligence or abilities and more to do with his involvement with trouble-making gangs. As a result, Capone started skipping school and spending time at the Brooklyn docks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.07280445098877, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone stopped attending school when a teacher struck him for being insolent in class. Capone hit the teacher back and was given a beating from the principal as punishment for the offense. After that time, Capone walked away from school and never looked back. It's clear that his early success as a student showed his potential to realize success in a legitimate career field. However, his willingness to use his fists and defy authority foreshadowed the man that he eventually came to be.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268675804138184, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After Capone�s departure from school, his family moved out of their first home in a Brooklyn tenement and relocated to similar housing in Brooklyn�s Park Slope neighborhood. While living in the community, Capone met the woman he would one day marry. Mary Coughlin, usually called Mae. He married Mae shortly after she gave birth to their son and remained married to her for the rest of his life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343111991882324, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The ever-loyal wife even remained by Capone�s side when he spent time in prison. Very little is known about Mae because, unlike her husband, she preferred to live a quiet life rather than be flamboyant. Mobsters during the 20s and 30s kept their illegal activities separate from their family lives. So, if little has been written about Capone�s wife, it�s really not all that surprising, given the nature of the gangster lifestyle during the period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.12994384765625, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "June 1931 - Capone is Sent to Prison - This is the U.S. Department of Justice Photo:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.345595359802246, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Mae wasn't the only person Capone met in Park Slope. The future mobster also first crossed paths with racketeer Johnny Torrio in the Brooklyn community. Torrio, who, at the time, was running an illicit gambling operation, had Capone working for him running small errands. In a small matter of time, the two became fast friends and continued their association later in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.111129760742188, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "So, Capone didn't start out in life as a criminal. While he was a member of Brooklyn gangs as a young man, he really didn�t get into any significant trouble. In his younger years then, Capone maintained a record of legitimate employment, especially in jobs that made use of his size and strength.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.925945281982422, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone worked in a munitions factory and then as a paper cutter. He held jobs in a candy store and in a bowling alley.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339639663696289, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "During this time, Capone remained good friends with Johnny Torrio, who was also the godfather to Capone�s son, Albert. As indicated though, it was that relationship that drew Capone into the life of a criminal. After Al�s father died of a heart attack in 1920, Torrio invited the legitimate businessman to work with him in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.885231018066406, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "While Capone was busy working as a legit clerk for a legit company, Torrio was king of an illicit, but lucrative, business empire in Chicago, running gambling rings and brothels. When the 18th Amendment became law in 1920, it ushered in the era of Prohibition. In turn, Torrio smelled profits, and lots of them. Bootlegging was the new game in town, and Torrio was ready and able to take advantage of this new activity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.031943321228027, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When Capone joined Torrio, his blend of gang experience and a legitimate work history made him especially valuable to Torrio�s bootlegging and illicit activities. Therefore, Capone brought both street smarts and bookkeeping skills to Torrio's operations in Chicago, helping the organization prosper and become even more profitable. In addition to their long-time relationship, Torrio appreciated Capone's skills. It wasn't long until the illicit businessman promoted Capone to partner of the operation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.358097076416016, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Later on, when Capone was top dog, he still considered himself primarily a businessman. This is the real reason he was so successful. He took his business very seriously, regardless of the fact that it was primarily made up of illegal activities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.131732940673828, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Even when he was ordering violent hits on competitors, the mobster totally focused on the business at hand. The violence he provoked then was intended to protect his concerns and interests, first and foremost above all else. Therefore, Capone saw the corruption and violence as just being part of the job.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.119085311889648, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Celebrity culture is no recent development. In the Roaring Twenties, being a celebrity was as highly touted as it is today. For example, during the time period, Charles Lindbergh and Babe Ruth were two of the day's top celebrities. Al Capone was another one of these stars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13078498840332, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The media followed the criminal with abandon and Capone loved it. Businessmen of the period believed that having a degree of celebrity was an essential part of real success. So, to be a real entrepreneur, it was vital to have a strong personality, and to be a character the press could follow with a great deal of verve. It was all a part of being a success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179290771484375, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone's Car:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.350982666015625, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Indeed, Capone entertained the press, even hiring his own press agent. In fact, Capone was very deliberate about creating his public image. He even asked photographers to take pictures of him from the right so they would capture his �good� side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274881362915039, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone also wore expensive, finely tailored suits, and always looked comfortable - dressed to the nines. His style was a careful combination of respectable businessman and flamboyant, devil-may-care, media personality.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01467227935791, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone wore gorgeously tailored suits in bright colors such as lime and purple, combining the business magnate with the showman in a way that only enhanced his celebrity status and public acclaim.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96708869934082, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Of all the ironic careers possible, this one takes the cake. Capone's brother James was seven years his elder, but didn't take to city life like Al did. Feeling that the city just wasn't the place for him, he set out on his own at age 16, heading west. He traveled all over the Midwest, using the name Richard Hart to avoid the prejudice that typically ensued by having an Italian background. Therefore, James would claim to be Mexican or Native American instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037551879882812, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Oldest Brother James Capone:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.268972396850586, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone's Entrance Photo at Alcatraz 1931:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274974822998047, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "It wasn't all booze-running and machine-gunning for Capone. He also was, in surprising ways, a philanthropist. When the stock market crashed and the Depression struck in 1929, Capone was the first person to open soup kitchens for workers who were down on their luck. He also instituted a program that provided free milk to school children throughout the Windy City. In addition, he ordered shopkeepers to give food and clothing to the poor, at their own expense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96428108215332, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "With all of the violence and corruption that he instigated, which followed him everywhere, Capone could also be a fair and generous man. He required loyalty from his gangs, but he was also devoted himself, remaining loyal to friends and colleagues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.870269775390625, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone in 1935:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176445007324219, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone acted like an ordinary businessman in another way: he loved golf. Generally, the mobsters of his day loved sports. Capone, who managed the careers of some fighters, enjoy baseball as well. In addition to these two pursuits, Capone and his cronies took to the links too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069015502929688, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone's regular course was the Burnham Woods golf course south of Chicago. He and several of his associates met there regularly to play several rounds. However, the frequency in which they played didn't have an appreciable effect on the development of their skills. Capone didn't seem to be very interested in improving his game. On the course, the gangsters drank heavily, gambled on every hole, and carried loaded weapons in their golf bags�just in case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.17341136932373, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "One time, when Capone hooked a shot far off the course into a clump of trees, Sullivan scrambled for ten minutes trying to find the ball, afraid of Capone's wrath if he failed. However, Capone just laughed it off, patted Sullivan patronizingly on the head, and asked for a new ball instead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30488395690918, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Being a gangster meant running the risk of injury or brutal death. But in one instance when Capone was injured, no one was to blame but himself. After one of his wild golf games at the Burnham Woods course, Capone was getting into a car to go back to Chicago. The .38 revolver pistol he carried in his pocket went off by accident, hitting both of his legs and narrowly missing his abdomen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.634697914123535, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone's .38 Revolver When it Was Recently Auctioned for $110,000:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.264592170715332, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The bullet finally became lodged in the left leg of the mobster. Johnny Patton, the friend who was playing golf with Capone that day, rushed the gangster to St. Margaret's Hospital in Hammond for treatment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.70742130279541, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Registering at the hospital under a fake name, Capone was treated for his wounds � none of which were surprisingly too serious. To make sure that no one took advantage of his momentary discomfiture, a group of his associates and bodyguards effectively moved into the hospital with him, taking up five separate rooms until the gangster was discharged.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.954477310180664, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Despite years of bootlegging, murder, bribery, and all forms of racketeering Capone was never indicted for any of these illegal actions -- except one. While the police never managed to catch him, the IRS finally did.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.05374526977539, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The mandate, which was part of a federal strategy to indict Capone for tax evasion, worked. During his time as a businessman, Capone never filed a tax return or made any declaration of income or assets. He also was careful to keep his identity separate from his business dealings, running everything through front men and owning nothing in his own name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334760665893555, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone Escorted by the Law Enforcement of the IRS - the CID:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.465363502502441, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The IRS assigned an investigator from their Special Intelligence Unit, Frank Wilson, to focus on Capone. In turn, Wilson found a ledger showing net profits for a gambling house, which included Capone's name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330239295959473, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Later on, Capone's tax lawyer wrote a letter to the government admitting that Capone had an income. These two documents were instrumental in the court case that convicted Capone of the tax evasion charge. He was sentenced to 11 years in prison for the offense.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42614459991455, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone is one of the criminals who put Alcatraz on the map, giving it a public reputation as one of the most notorious prisons in U.S. history. However, Capone didn't begin his sentence there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.931861877441406, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The offender began serving his prison sentence in Atlanta, at what was then the most stringent Federal prison in the U.S. However, he quickly put his charm and connections to good use. As a result, Capone managed to take control of his prison experience, garnering special privileges from the authorities. Capone�s cell was furnished with rugs and a mirror, and he acquired a typewriter and a set of encyclopedias too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.294417381286621, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Word got out, though, that Capone was living large even in prison. To remedy the situation, he was sent to the newly-opened Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. The US government wanted to demonstrate that it was serious about taking on the crime bred by Prohibition's limits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.26551628112793, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone's Lavishly Furnished Jail Cell - Eastern State Penitentiary, PA:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48093318939209, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "The facility's primary purpose then was to take on the prisoners that no other prison could handle or wanted to manage. As a result, the prison facility ended up housing many of the era's worst mobsters, including Al Capone and several of his associates and competitors. Capone was unable to gain any special privileges, and eventually settled into being a model prisoner in an attempt to have his sentence reduced for good behavior.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.325037002563477, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Part of Capone's business success depended on keeping himself safe from rival gangsters. So, to protect himself on the road, Capone ordered a special bullet-proof Cadillac town car, with inch-thick glass and several thousand pounds of steel armor. When he went to prison in 1931, the car was seized by the U.S. Treasury Department and stored.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.727388381958008, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Roosevelt's Capone Cadillac was Similar to a 1928 V-16 Madam X:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.550292015075684, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Fortunately, one of the Secret Service agents discovered that there was such a car already in the possession of the U.S. government - Al Capone's Cadillac. Government mechanics and other employees worked through the night to prepare the car, and on December 8, 1941, President Roosevelt made the trip to address Congress in the gangster's former car.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.044262886047363, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone's charmed life fell apart after his conviction for tax evasion. Also, while the gangster was in prison, Prohibition was repealed, pulling the rug out from under much of his business. His gang fell apart, and his business was no longer prospering.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.433629035949707, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Even worse, his health failed. Capone had contracted syphilis early in life, which progressed into its late stages while he was serving his prison term. In addition, he began to show signs of dementia resulting from the disease, and spent the end of his sentence in a prison hospital. After his release, Capone moved to Florida.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33776569366455, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone's Grave:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341058731079102, "source": "search", "title": "15 Fascinating Facts about Al Capone - YurTopic" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone | Mafia Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.295820236206055, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone’s Big Break", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386955261230469, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In 1919 Capone’s mentor “Papa Johnny” Torrio had been summoned by uncle “Big Jim” Colosimo in Chicago to assist him in running prostitution rackets. Colosimo at the time had been the biggest pimp in Chicago. Meanwhile Capone had a run-in with the law for a murder. In avoidance of prosecution, Capone went to Chicago in place of Torrio. By time Al made it to Chicago, Big Jim and Papa Johnny had a big conflict over mob business in Chicago when Torrio saw the lucrative business opportunities prohibition had brought. Torrio wished for and expected Uncle Jim to begin running alcohol bootlegging operations. The wealthy Jim Colosimo had no interest in this idea for he was doing just fine in his prostitution businesses. Colosimo had no interest in Torrio having the bootlegging business either and ordered him not to get into it, which brought the realization to Torrio that his uncle was only in the way and had to be taken out. Johnny Torrio and his apprentice Al Capone organized Big Jim’s assassination and hired hitmen to carry it out while they went under the radar. The partners in crime soon started taking over criminal enterprises in Chicago with threats of war if the organizations failed to cooperate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.625162124633789, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone indulged in custom suits, cigars, gourmet food and drink (his preferred liquor was Templeton Rye from Iowa, and female companionship. He was particularly known for his flamboyant and costly jewelry. His favorite responses to questions about his activities were: \"I am just a businessman, giving the people what they want\"; and, \"All I do is satisfy a public demand.\" Capone had become a national celebrity and talking point.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93972396850586, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257984161376953, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone became increasingly security-minded and desirous of getting away from Chicago.As a precaution, he and his entourage would often show up suddenly at one of Chicago's train depots and buy up an entire Pullman sleeper car on a night train to a place like Cleveland, Omaha, Kansas City, Little Rock, or Hot Springs, where they would spend a week in luxury hotel suites under assumed names. In 1928, Capone paid $40,000 to beer magnate August Busch for a 14-room retreat at 93 Palm Avenue on Palm Island, Florida, in Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach.Capone never registered any property under his name. He did not even have a bank account, but always used Western Union for cash delivery, not more than $1,000.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11642074584961, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The protagonists of Chicago's politics had long been associated with questionable methods, and even newspaper circulation \"wars\", but the need for bootleggers to have protection in city hall introduced a far more serious level of violence and graft. Capone is generally seen as having an appreciable effect in bringing about the victories of Republican William Hale Thompson, especially in the 1927 mayoral race when Thompson campaigned for a wide open town, at one time hinting that he'd reopen illegal saloons.[32] Such a proclamation helped his campaign gain the support of Capone, and he allegedly accepted a contribution of $250,000 from the gangster. In the 1927 mayoral race, Thompson beat William Emmett Dever by a relatively slim margin.Thompson's powerful Cook County political machine had drawn on the often-parochial Italian community, but this was in tension with his highly successful courting of African Americans", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.862627983093262, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone continued to back Thompson. Voting booths were targeted by Capone's bomber James Belcastro in the wards where Thompson's opponents were thought to have support, on the polling day of April 10, 1928, in the so-called Pineapple Primary, causing the deaths of at least 15 people. Belcastro was also accused of the murder of lawyer Octavius Granady, an African American who challenged Thompson's candidate for the African American vote, and was chased through the streets on polling day by cars of gunmen before being shot dead. Four policemen were among those charged along with Belcastro, but all charges were dropped after key witnesses recanted their statements. An indication of the attitude of local law enforcement to Capone's organization came in 1931 when Belcastro was wounded in a shooting; police suggested to skeptical journalists that Belcastro was an independent operator. The 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre led to public disquiet about Thompson's alliance with Capone and was a factor in Anton J. Cermak winning the mayoral election on April 6, 1931", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.610970497131348, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was arrested by FBI agents on March 27, 1929 as he left a Chicago courtroom after testifying to a grand jury investigating violations of federal prohibition laws, on charges of having committed contempt of court by feigning illness to avoid an earlier appearance.[47] In May 1929, Capone was sentenced to a prison term in Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary, having been convicted within 16 hours of being arrested for carrying a gun during a trip there. A week after he was released, in March 1930, Capone was listed as the number one \"Public Enemy\" on the unofficial Chicago Crime Commission's widely publicized list.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.837067604064941, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In April 1930, Capone was arrested on vagrancy charges when visiting Miami Beach, the governor having ordered sheriffs to run him out of the state. Capone claimed that Miami police had refused him food and water and threatened to arrest his family. He was charged with perjury for making these statements, but was acquitted after a three-day trial in July.In September, a Chicago judge issued a warrant for Capone on charges of vagrancy, and then used the publicity to run against Thompson in the Republican primary. In February 1931, Capone was tried on the contempt of court charge. In court, Judge James Herbert Wilkerson intervened to reinforce questioning of Capone's doctor by the prosecutor. Wilkerson sentenced Capone to six months, but he remained free while on appeal of the contempt conviction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.900181770324707, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "FBI's Al Capone files", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42440128326416, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "n 1927, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally earned income was subject to income tax; Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. rejected the argument that the Fifth Amendment protected criminals from reporting illegal income. The IRS special investigation unit chose Frank J. Wilson to investigate Capone, with the focus on his spending. The key to Capone's conviction on tax charges was proving his income, and the most valuable evidence in that regard originated in his offer to pay tax. Ralph, his brother and a gangster in his own right, was tried for tax evasion in 1930. Ralph spent the next three years in prison after being convicted in a two-week trial over which Wilkerson presided. Capone ordered his lawyer to regularize his tax position. Crucially, during the ultimately abortive negotiations that followed, his lawyer stated the income that Capone was willing to pay tax on for various years, admitting income of $100,000 for 1928 and 1929, for instance. Hence, without any investigation, the government had been given a letter from a lawyer acting for Capone conceding his large taxable income for certain years. In 1931, Capone was charged with income tax evasion, as well as with various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition) at the Chicago Federal Building in the courtroom of Judge James Herbert Wilkerson. U. S. Attorney George E. Q. Johnson agreed to a deal that he hoped might result in the judge giving Capone a couple of years, but Judge Wilkerson had been aware of the deal all along and refused to allow Capone to plead guilty for a reduced sentence. On the second day of the trial, Judge Wilkerson overruled objections that a lawyer could not confess for his client, saying that anyone making a statement to the government did so at his own risk. Wilkerson deemed that the 1930 letter to federal authorities could be admitted into evidence from a lawyer acting for Capone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.654521942138672, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Much was later made of other evidence, such as witnesses and ledgers, but these strongly implied Capone's control rather than stating it. The ledgers were inadmissible on grounds of statute of limitations, but Capone's lawyers incompetently failed to make the necessary timely objection; they also ran a basically irrelevant defense of gambling losses. Judge Wilkerson allowed Capone's spending to be presented at very great length. There was no doubt that Capone spent vast sums but, legally speaking, the case against him centered on the size of his income. Capone was convicted and was sentenced to eleven years in federal prison in November 1931, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes. The contempt of court sentence was served concurrently. New lawyers hired to represent Capone were Washington-based tax experts. They filed a writ of habeas corpus based on a Supreme Court ruling that tax evasion was not fraud, which apparently meant that Capone had been convicted on charges relating to years that were actually outside the time limit for prosecution. However, a judge interpreted the law so that the time that Capone had spent in Miami was subtracted from the age of the offenses, thereby denying the appeal of both Capone's conviction and sentence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104649543762207, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone mug shot", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.325723648071289, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was sent to Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary in May 1932, aged 33. Upon his arrival at Atlanta, the 250-pound (110 kg) Capone was officially diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea. He was also suffering from withdrawal symptoms from cocaine addiction, use of which had perforated his septum. Capone was competent at his prison job of stitching soles on shoes for eight hours a day, but his letters were barely coherent. He was seen as a weak personality, and so out of his depth dealing with bullying fellow inmates that his cellmate, seasoned convict Red Rudinsky, feared that Capone would have a breakdown. Rudinsky was formerly a small time criminal associated with the Capone gang, and found himself becoming a protector for Capone. The conspicuous protection of Rudinsky and other prisoners drew accusations from less friendly inmates, and fueled suspicion that Capone was receiving special treatment. No solid evidence ever emerged, but it formed part of the rationale for moving Capone to the recently opened Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary off the coast of San Francisco.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.160432815551758, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "At Alcatraz, Capone's decline became increasingly evident as neurosyphilis progressively eroded his mental faculties. He spent the last year of his sentence in the prison hospital, confused and disoriented. Capone completed his term in Alcatraz on January 6, 1939, and was transferred to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California to serve out his sentence for contempt of court. He was paroled on November 16, 1939.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123120307922363, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After Capone was released from prison, he was referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore for the treatment of paresis (caused by late-stage syphilis). Hopkins refused to admit him based solely on his reputation, but Union Memorial Hospital took him in. Capone was grateful for the compassionate care that he received and donated two Japanese weeping cherry trees to Union Memorial Hospital in 1939. A very sickly Capone left Baltimore on March 20, 1940, after a few weeks inpatient and a few weeks outpatient, for Palm Island, Florida.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.918922424316406, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In 1946, his physician and a Baltimore psychiatrist performed examinations and concluded that Capone had the mental capability of a 12-year-old child. Capone spent the last years of his life at his mansion in Palm Island, Florida. On January 21, 1947, Capone had a stroke. He regained consciousness and started to improve but contracted pneumonia. He suffered a fatal cardiac arrest the next day. On January 25, 1947, Al Capone died in his home, surrounded by his family; he wаs buried аt Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953171730041504, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Mafia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424052238464355, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257984161376953, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "On Valentine's Day in 1929 Capone ordered the bloody \"St. Valentine's Day Massacre\". His underlings found out the location of the warehouse of his rival George Moran (aka \"Bugs\" Moran) and that Moran was to attend a meeting there at a particular time. Capone sent a carload of his gunmen dressed as police officers to the address. Once there they lined up the seven men they found, but Moran wasn't among them; he was on the sidewalk heading towards the building when he saw the \"police car\" pull up in front and he quickly ducked into a nearby store. Nevertheless, Capone's gunmen machine-gunned them to death. Following the massacre (when Moran was later asked who he thought was responsible for the murders, he replied, \"Only Capone kills like that\"), public opinion about Capone began to change. He was not above killing on his own, either. When he was informed that his bodyguards John Scalise and Albert Anselmi were part of an assassination plot against him, he decided to take care of the matter himself. To put their minds at ease, he threw a banquet in their honor. While delivering a glowing testimonial to them, Capone suddenly pulled out an Indian club and beat both men to death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.493828773498535, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Although local and state authorities had been trying to bring down Capone for years, the federal government finally managed to do it by prosecuting him for income-tax evasion. He was tried, found guilty and sentenced to 11 years in the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, GA. In 1934 he was transferred to Alcatraz, a federal prison on Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay that was set up to hold the nation's worst criminals. He never finished out his sentence, though. In 1939 he was paroled because of the ravages of neurosyphilis, a disease he contracted while running Torrio's and Colosimo's whorehouses. He lived the last eight years of his life as a virtual zombie at his estate in Florida, his brain almost totally destroyed by the disease.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01720905303955, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "As Capone’s treasurer, Guzik was the guy who took care of the bribes . If a judge needed to be bought off or a police commissioner needed a few extra bucks, Guzik would count out a couple of bills, earning him the nickname “Greasy Thumb.” However, being the man in charge of the money isn’t always a good thing. Guzik went to prison with Capone on charges of income tax evasion in 1930. Years later, he tried to distance himself from the mob and tried to present himself as a respectable businessman, but he could never escape the shadow of his Greasy Thumb persona.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.507755279541016, "source": "search", "title": "10 Gangsters And Their Unique Nicknames - Listverse" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone | Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452345848083496, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "\"faggot.\" - Al Capone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27169418334961, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "By the end of the 1920s, Capone had gained the attention of the Federal Bureau of Investigation following his being placed on the Chicago Crime Commission’s “public enemies” list. Although never successfully convicted of racketeering charges, Capone’s criminal career ended in 1931, when he was indicted and convicted by the federal government for income tax invasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.994551658630371, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was born to Gabriele Capone (December 12, 1864 – November 14, 1920) and his wife Teresina Raiola (December 28, 1867 – November 29, 1952) in Brooklyn, on January 17, 1899. Gabriele was a barber from Castellammare di Stabia, a town about 15 miles (24 km) south of Naples, Italy. Teresina was a seamstress and the daughter of Angelo Raiola from Angri, a town in the province of Salerno in southwestern Italy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.81938648223877, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The Capones had emigrated to the United States in 1894 and settled in the Navy Yard section of downtown Brooklyn. When Al was 14, the Capone family moved to 21 Garfield Place in Park Slope, Brooklyn. The new home was where Al met Mae Josephine Coughlin, whom he married a few years later at St. Mary’s Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Church, and gangster Johnny Torrio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.414873123168945, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Gabriele and Teresina had seven sons and two daughters:Edwardo Capone (1852 – October 1, 1952), Raffaele Capone (January 12, 1894 – November 22, 1974), Salvatore Capone (January 1895 – April 1, 1924) Alphonse Gabriel Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947), Erminio Capone (born 1901, date of death unknown), Umberto Capone (1906 – June 1980), Matthew Capone (1908 – January 31, 1967), Rose Capone (born and died 1910) and Mafalda Capone (later Mrs. John J. Maritote, January 28, 1912 – March 25, 1988).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6307954788208, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone’s life of crime began early. As a teenager, he joined two gangs, the Brooklyn Rippers and engaged in petty crime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.820772171020508, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone also met a man named Anthony Accetturo, who he helped in many things. Accetturo repaid him by killing Capone’s slight enemies. Accetturo was at Capone’s court hearing for tax evasion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.975648880004883, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "When he was working as a waiter for a young couple, he turn down his mom in sex for his wife down and said to the woman, “Honey, you have a nice ass dick and I mean that as a compliment.” Her brother, Frank Gallucio, pulled a knife and slashed Capone in the face three times before leaving the bar with his sister. Word of the fight eventually reached Yale, who forced Capone to apologize to Gallucio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.187444686889648, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "This incident caused Yale to take Capone under his wing and eventually led to his rule over the Chicago Outfit. It is speculated that Capone forgave Frank Gallucio and even hired him as a bodyguard later in his career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.062697410583496, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "However, the knife wounds left gruesome scars, which plagued Capone for the rest of his life. He truly disliked this sobriquet and once, allegedly, killed another man because he called him that.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1831636428833, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "On December 30, 1918, Capone married Mae Josephine Coughlin, an Irish woman, who, shortly before their marriage, had given birth to his son, Albert Francis (“Sonny”) Capone. The couple lived in Brooklyn before moving to Amityville, Long Island, to be close to “Rum Row.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.990596771240234, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": " immediately recognized Capone’s talents, and soon Capone was elevated to running the Four Deuces bar and given responsibility for much of the alcohol and prostitution rackets in the city of Chicago. With prohibition in full effect, there was a fortune to be made in bootlegging. Colosimo’s reluctance to move into this area of crime led to his murder on May 11, 1920, in the foyer of his own nightclub. Yale was later arrested for the murder, but the case collapsed through lack of evidence. Torrio was now in charge and promoted Capone to be his second in command.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.918828964233398, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "The Capone family moved to Chicago for good, buying a red-brick bungalow at 7244 South Prairie Avenue on the city’s South Side. The house served as Al Capone’s first headquarters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299144744873047, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "After the 1923 election of reform mayor William Emmett Dever in Chicago, Chicago’s city government began to put pressure on the gangster elements inside the city limits. To put its headquarters outside of city jurisdiction and create a safe zone for its operations, the Capone organization muscled its way into Cicero, Illinois. This led to one of Capone’s greatest triumphs: the takeover of Cicero’s town government in 1924.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876511573791504, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "The 1924 town council elections in Cicero became known as one of the most crooked elections in the Chicago area’s long history, with voters threatened at polling stations by thugs. Capone’s mayoral candidate won by a huge margin but only weeks later announced that he would run Capone out of town. Capone met with his puppet-mayor and personally knocked him down the town hall steps, a powerful assertion of gangster power and a major victory for the Torrio-Capone alliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.781139373779297, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "For Capone, this event was marred by the death of his brother Frank at the hands of the police. As was the custom amongst gangsters Capone signaled his mourning by attending the funeral unshaven, and he cried openly at the gathering. He ordered the closure of all the speakeasies in Cicero for a day as a mark of respect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.722980499267578, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Much of Capone’s family put down roots in Cicero as well. In 1930, Capone’s sister Mafalda’s marriage to John J. Maritote took place at St. Mary of Czestochowa, a massive Neogothic edifice towering over Cicero Avenue in the so-called Polish Cathedral style.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195253372192383, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "However, this unprecedented level of criminal success drew the attention of Capone’s rivals, particularly his bitter rivalries with North Side gangsters such as Levi Rivaille, Eren Jaeger and lieutenant Erwin Smith. Such opposition led to attempts to assassinate Capone throughout the 1920s. He was shot in a restaurant, and he had his car riddled with bullets more than once.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.608482360839844, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone`s Image", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364343643188477, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Part of the reason Capone was taken to task in this way was his status as a celebrity. On the advice of his publicist, he stopped hiding from the media by the mid-1920s and began to make public appearances. When Charles Lindbergh performed his famous transatlantic flight in 1927, Capone was among the first to push forward and shake his hand upon his arrival in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.018507957458496, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone often tried to whitewash his image and be seen as a community leader. For example, he started a program, which was continued for decades after his death, to fight rickets by providing a daily milk ration to Chicago school children. Also during the Great Depression, Capone opened up a few soup kitchens for the poor and homeless.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29301643371582, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was a man with style, and if he ever killed someone himself, or one of his henchmen killed an important person, hundreds of dollars worth of flowers was sent to the funeral, and even Capone and some of his men went to the funeral. In one instance, one of Capone’s rival gang leaders was killed by his men, and Capone sent $5,000 worth of flowers to the funeral. In one fight between Capone’s men and another gang, an innocent woman was shot, not fatally, and required hospital treatment. Capone paid for all the hospital fees.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.854995727539062, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone could often be seen sitting in box seats with his son and bodyguards at Chicago White Sox and Chicago Cubs games. He, his brother Ralph, and Gusik regularly went to the race tracks in Chicago as well as during their security forays into Arkansas and Nebraska. He was also an opera fan and liked circuses and rodeos where he would buy huge blocks of tickets and distribute them among low income neighborhoods.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909666061401367, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone and Nitti were both fans of “New Orleans” jazz music and were instrumental in the rise of such talents as Louis Armstrong and others who regularly played at Capone speakeasies on the South Side. Bob Hope related performing, when he was an up and comer, at one of these clubs where he was terrified of the prospects of bombing in front of such a crowd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168846130371094, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Such efforts, however, did not change his reputation for violence and murder within the city. Capone did not help his own PR problems by being linked to an incident where two men were bludgeoned to death with baseball bats after they were thought to be disloyal to the Outfit. The brutal murders of the St. Valentine’s Day massacre also didn’t help, as they made people view Capone as a killer and socially unacceptable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.976924896240234, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone headed a list of “public enemies” corrupting the city compiled by the chairman of the Chicago Crime Commission, Frank J. Loesch, in April 1930. The list was published by newspapers nationwide, and Capone became known as “Public Enemy No. 1.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.892572402954102, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Although Moran escaped, all his chief deputies were killed and his illegal liquor operation in Chicago rapidly declined. When asked by reporters if he believed Capone was behind the killings, Moran scornfully replied “Only Capone kills like that!”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124555587768555, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "An indignant Capone countered, “Oh yeah? Listen … they don’t call that guy ‘Bugs’ for nothing!” in a reference to Moran’s reputation for savagery. With his remaining resources, Moran marked Capone and his key underlings for extermination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104460716247559, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone arranged to have himself jailed in Philadelphia for a year to avoid numerous “murder for hire” outfits that were hunting for him. McGurn was gunned down at a bowling alley on the anniversary of the garage slaughter and two others involved in the kllling disappeared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.5626859664917, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Moran eventually ran out of resources and fled to Ohio, allowing Capone to return to Chicago, where he quickly found himself in the legal quagmire that effectively removed him from power. It is generally thought that Capone precipitated his own decline with the garage killings. Graphic photos of bodies lying in pools of blood were plastered all over the papers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282940864562988, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "A secret convocation of Chicago civic leaders initiated an all-out effort to drive Capone from power. Nevertheless, had Capone and his gang done nothing, the North Side gang likely would have succeeded in killing their rivals and taking over the entire city. Moran and his associates were driven by a visceral hatred of the “South Side Scum” whom they considered to be sexual deviants and degenerates who dealt in prostitution and drug peddling and allowed debased jazz musicians to play in their bars and brothels.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.24216365814209, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Although Capone always did his business through front men and had no accounting records in his own name (even his mansion was in his wife’s name), Al Alcini started linking him to his earnings. The federal income tax laws allowed the federal government to pursue Capone on tax evasion, their best chance of finally convicting him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354216575622559, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Pursuing Capone were Treasury agent Eliot Ness and his hand-picked team of incorruptible U.S. Prohibition agents, “The Untouchables,” and internal revenue agent Frank Wilson of the Treasury Department’s Bureau of Internal Revenue. During a routine warehouse raid, they discovered in a desk drawer what was clearly a crudely coded set of accounts. Ness then concentrated on pursuing Capone for his failure to pay tax on this substantial illegal income. This story has become a legend and the subject of books and films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.269495010375977, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Capone was tried in a federal court in 1931. The Alcinis tried to help Capone, but he pleaded guilty to the charges on advice of his legal counsel hoping for a plea bargain. But after the judge refused his lawyer’s offers, and the jury was replaced on the day of the trial to frustrate Capone’s associates’ efforts to bribe or intimidate the original panel, Al Capone was found guilty on five of 22 counts of tax evasion for the years 1925, 1926, and 1927, and willful failure to file tax returns for 1928 and 1929. Capone’s legal team offered to pay all outstanding tax and interest and told their client to expect a severe fine. The judge sentenced him to eleven years in a federal prison and one year in the county jail, as well as an earlier six-month contempt of court sentence; he ultimately served only six and a half years because of good behavior. He also had to pay fines and court costs totalling 80,000 dollars.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.085677146911621, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In May 1932, Capone was sent to Atlantis, a tough federal prison, but he was able to take control and obtain special privileges. He was then transferred to Alcatraz, where tight security and an uncompromising warden ensured that Capone had no contact with the outside world. Capone entered Alcatraz with his usual confidence, but his isolation from his associates, and the repeal of Prohibition, meant his empire was beginning to wither. He attempted to earn time off for good behavior by being a model prisoner and refusing to participate in prisoner rebellions. When Capone attempted to bribe guards he was sent to solitary confinement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.069916725158691, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "During his early months at Alcatraz, Capone made an enemy by showing his disregard for the prison social order when he cut in line while prisoners were waiting for a haircut. James Lucas, a Texas bank robber serving 30 years, reportedly confronted the former syndicate leader and told him to get back at the end of the line. When Capone asked if he knew who he was, Lucas reportedly grabbed a pair of the barber’s scissors and, holding them to Capone’s neck, answered “Yeah, I know who you are, greaseball. And if you don’t get back to the end of that fucking line, I’m gonna know who you were.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.933022499084473, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone earned the contempt of many of the inmates in Alcatraz when he refused to take part in a prisoners’ strike after a sick inmate, accused of malingering, was denied medical treatment and died. Continuing his work in the prison laundry, Capone was continually harassed by other prisoners and often called a “scab” or “rat.” He was eventually allowed to remain in his cell until the strike was resolved.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.117639541625977, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Shortly after returning to work, an unidentified inmate threw a heavy lead sash at Capone’s head, but he suffered only a deep cut on the arm after being pushed out of the way by convicted bank robber Roy Gardner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192896842956543, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Though he adjusted relatively well to his new environment, his health declined as his syphilis (contracted as a youth) progressed, and he spent the last year of his sentence in the prison hospital, confused and disoriented. Capone completed his term in Alcatraz on January 6, 1939, and was transferred to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California, to serve his one-year misdemeanor sentence. He was released on November 16, 1939, spent a short time in a hospital, then returned to his home in Palm Island, Florida.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.043503761291504, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone’s control and interests within organized crime had decreased rapidly after his imprisonment, and he was no longer able to run the Outfit after his release. He had lost weight, and his physical and mental health had declined, most noticeably with the onset of dementia probably caused by the third stage of untreated syphilis Capone had contracted in his youth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180753707885742, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "On January 21, 1947, Capone had an apoplectic stroke. He regained consciousness and started to improve but contracted pneumonia on January 24, and suffered a cardiac arrest the next day (possibly associated with the complications of third-stage neurosyphilis).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059478759765625, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Alphonse Capone was originally buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery, in Chicago’s far South Side between the graves of his father, Gabriele, and brother, Frank. However, in March 1950, the remains of all three family members were moved to Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois, west of Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.082494735717773, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In Mario Puzo's 1969 novel, The Godfather, Capone played a small role in the fictionalized mob war of 1933. In reality, Capone was in prison by 1933.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.769776344299316, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In the musical Annie, which takes place in December 1933, an unnamed cabinet member states that \"We still haven't caught Al Capone!\". In reality, he was already in prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.253469467163086, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone was featured in the Kinky Friedman novel The Love Song of J. Edgar Hoover.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374098777770996, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In Kim Newman and Eugene Byrne's novel Back in the USSA, Al Capone is President and Chairman of the alternate history United Socialist States of America, serving as an analog of Joseph Stalin. Jimmy Hoffa and Frank Nitti take the place of Vyacheslav Molotov and Lavrenti Beria. Also more recently, a historical fiction book was written by Gennifer Choldenko called Al Capone Does My Shirts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95223617553711, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In Peter F. Hamilton's Night's Dawn Trilogy, Capone's spirit possesses the body of a man named Brad Lovegrove, allowing him to eventually form a group he calls The Organization that takes over the planet of New California and wages war against the Confederation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257177352905273, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Rod Steiger in Al Capone (1959).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.00141716003418, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "José Calvo, Due mafiosi contro Al Capone (1966).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23489761352539, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Ben Gazzara, Capone (1975).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.089780807495117, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Eric Roberts, The Lost Capone (1990)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104366302490234, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Actors playing characters based on Capone include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.437320709228516, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In the anime Soul Eater, BlackStar and Tsubaki's target when introduced are the demonic souls Al Capone and his gang of 98 men. He ends every sentence with the words, \"You know?\", adding to the mafia stereotype.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.54520320892334, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Jon Polito of Miller's Crossing voiced Al Capone in an episode of the Cartoon Network animated series Time Squad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332286834716797, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone is referenced heavily in Prodigy's track \"Al Capone Zone\", produced by The Alchemist and featuring Keak Da Sneak.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299697875976562, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone transcribed a love song called Madonna Mia while in prison. In May 2009, his rendition of the song was recorded for the first time in history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374194145202637, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Prince Buster achieved UK top 20 success in 1967 with \"Al Capone\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.056931495666504, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Al Capone was mentioned in the song \"The Night Chicago Died\" by the British band Paper Lace, which describes a fictionalized battle between Al Capone's gang and the Chicago police.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.4638032913208, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In the Queen song Stone Cold Crazy, Freddie Mercury claims to be \"dreaming I was Al Capone\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.240199089050293, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "\"Young Al Capone\" was a song by the punk band Rancid off the album \"Rancid 2000.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267078399658203, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "The Violent Femmes mention Al Capone in their song \"To The Kill\" with the lyrics: 'I ain't know kid Chicago, I ain't know Al Capone.' 'I said I don't live in Chicago, I don't know no Al Capone'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.334507942199707, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "Canadian band Stereos mention Al Capone in their song \"Turn It Up\" with the lyrics: \"I won't just kill it, I'mma Al Capone it\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.417789459228516, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In Tintin in America, boy reporter Tintin captures Capone but, because of a policeman's blunder, Capone escapes. Al Capone is the only real person featured in any Tintin book.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.061834335327148, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone and Eliot Ness are regular supporting characters in the Franco-Belgian comics series Sammy, written by Raoul Cauvin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.10611343383789, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Al Capone", "passage": "In the first issue of the 1980s miniseries Kid Eternity, Al Capone is one of the historical figures that the main character summons to aid him in his battle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177084922790527, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In Savarese by Robin Wood the main character fails a plot to assassinate a man, who later turns out to be Capone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1622314453125, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "In Worms 3D, there is a selectable soundbank called \"Capone\". When chosen, the worms in the team speak with a distinctive gangster accent and use various famous Italian slang words made popular by many gangster movies and television shows.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89946174621582, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "CaPone", "passage": "Capone's Chicago has provided a theme for numerous dining establishments. Restaurants named Capone's exist in cities as far-flung as Norristown, (Pennsylvania, USA), Vancouver (BC, Canada) and Taipei (Taiwan).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313133239746094, "source": "search", "title": "Al Capone - Organized Crime Encyclopedia Wiki - Wikia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The Valley of the Kings ( ), the Valley of the Gates of the Kings ( ), is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt). ", "precise_score": 2.2148079872131348, "rough_score": -4.077671051025391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The types of soil where the Valley of the Kings is located are an alternating sandwich of dense limestone and other sedimentary rock (which form the cliffs in the valley and the nearby Deir el-Bahri) and soft layers of marl. The sedimentary rock was originally deposited between 35–56 million years ago during a time when the precursor to the Mediterranean Sea covered an area that extended much further inland than today. During the Pleistocene the valley was carved out of the plateau by steady rains. There is currently little year-round rain in this part of Egypt, but there are occasional flash floods that hit the valley, dumping tons of debris into the open tombs. ", "precise_score": -0.5495328307151794, "rough_score": -6.669243812561035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The Luxor massacre was the killing of 62 people, mostly tourists, on 17 November 1997, at Deir el-Bahri, an archaeological site and major tourist attraction across the Nile River from Luxor in Egypt.", "precise_score": -2.1834378242492676, "rough_score": -5.294826507568359, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "It is thought to have been instigated by exiled leaders of Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, an Egyptian Islamist organization, attempting to undermine the July 1997 \"Nonviolence Initiative\", devastate the Egyptian economy and provoke the government into repression that would strengthen support for anti-government forces. However, the attack led to internal divisions among the militants, and resulted in the declaration of a ceasefire. In June 2013, the group denied that it was involved in the massacre. ", "precise_score": -3.9144890308380127, "rough_score": -5.149735450744629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The battle between militants and the police that followed sent gunfire crackling for three hours among the sites on the west bank of the Nile, which is home to the famed Valley of the Kings and the tomb of Tutankhamen. Egyptian authorities said all six attackers were killed.", "precise_score": 3.0989959239959717, "rough_score": 1.8050336837768555, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Reuters and Agence France- Presse quoted reports that pamphlets left at the scene of the attack appeared to link it to the Islamic Group. And Egypt's official television referred to the attackers as ''terrorist elements.'' President Hosni Mubarak convened an emergency meeting of his Cabinet tonight.", "precise_score": -3.3204264640808105, "rough_score": -6.179221153259277, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Since they began their violent campaign in 1992, Islamic militants in Egypt had killed 34 foreigners in bombings, shootings and other attacks that have left more than 1,200 people dead in all. They also include 9 German tourists killed two months ago in an attack on their tour bus in central Cairo, and 18 Greek tourists who were killed in April 1996.", "precise_score": -5.6163225173950195, "rough_score": -5.2708611488342285, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The deadliest attack on foreign tourists in Egypt prior to Monday's occurred in April 1996 when militants gunned down 17 Greek tourists and an Egyptian at Cairo's Europa Hotel.", "precise_score": -2.2979352474212646, "rough_score": -6.113072395324707, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt’s security forces foiled a terrorist attack near the ancient Karnak temple in the tourist city of Luxor after a suicide bomb blast outside its premises, the country’s interior ministry said Wednesday. Two attackers were killed and the third injured.", "precise_score": -3.1562647819519043, "rough_score": -6.949484825134277, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Police and people stand near the scene of a foiled suicide attack in Luxor, Egypt, June 10, 2015. A suicide bomber blew himself up in the parking lot of Karnak temple in the southern Egyptian city of Luxor on Wednesday, security sources and witnesses said, in an escalation of attacks on tourist sites. Photo: Reuters/Stringer", "precise_score": -5.157695770263672, "rough_score": -5.383578300476074, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "An Egyptian tourist guide walks through the ruins of the Karnak Temple in Luxor, Egypt, Thursday, June 11, 2015. Militants tried to attack the ancient temple of Karnak in southern Egypt on Wednesday, with a suicide bomber blowing himself up and two gunmen battling police. No sightseers were hurt in the thwarted assault. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)  (The Associated Press)", "precise_score": -7.705742835998535, "rough_score": -7.7243571281433105, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Visitors tour the Hatshepsut Temple in Deir el-Bahari on the west bank of the Nile River at Luxor, Egypt, Thursday, June 11, 2015. Militants tried to attack the ancient temple of Karnak in southern Egypt on Wednesday, with a suicide bomber blowing himself up and two gunmen battling police. No sightseers were hurt in the thwarted assault. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)  (The Associated Press)", "precise_score": -7.322600841522217, "rough_score": -7.209964752197266, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt's Interior Minister Magdy Abdel-Ghaffar, center, visits the site of a suicide bombing near the Karnak Temple in Luxor, Egypt, Thursday, June 11, 2015. Militants tried to attack the ancient temple of Karnak in southern Egypt on Wednesday, with a suicide bomber blowing himself up and two gunmen battling police. No sightseers were hurt in the thwarted assault. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)  (The Associated Press)", "precise_score": -6.382768154144287, "rough_score": -7.33441686630249, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Al-Gama'at al-Islamiyya (IG) gunmen shot and killed 58 tourists and four Egyptians and wounded 26 others at the Hatshepsut Temple in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor. Thirty-four Swiss, eight Japanese, five Germans, four Britons, one French, one Colombian, a dual-national Bulgarian/Briton, and four unidentified persons were among the dead. Twelve Swiss, two Japanese, two Germans, one French, and nine Egyptians were among the wounded. The IG militants left a leaflet at the scene calling for the release of Umar Abd al-Rahman, the IG spiritual leader imprisoned in the United States.", "precise_score": 2.045488119125366, "rough_score": 1.4664390087127686, "source": "search", "title": "Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents—1997" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The present regime in Egypt has long been concerned with the Muslim Brotherhood.  Now it has to deal with the ISIS training camp, the Abu Hajr Al-Masri camp, in the remote desert of Sinai, in which terrorists, wearing black robes and masks, are becoming proficient with weapons and getting fitness training.  Egypt has already been the scene of various attacks, in Luxor in 1997 (62 killed) and Sharm el Sheikh in 2005 (88 killed), and in October 2015, when 224 passengers were killed by a bomb on an Airbus A321 passenger jet.  Few tourists now want to risk going to the familiar attractions: Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, or the Valley of the Kings.", "precise_score": 5.34451150894165, "rough_score": -0.9131729006767273, "source": "search", "title": "Articles: ISIS Is the New Imperialism - American Thinker" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The present regime in Egypt has long been concerned with the Muslim Brotherhood.  Now it has to deal with the ISIS training camp, the Abu Hajr Al-Masri camp, in the remote desert of Sinai, in which terrorists, wearing black robes and masks, are becoming proficient with weapons and getting fitness training.  Egypt has already been the scene of various attacks, in Luxor in 1997 (62 killed) and Sharm el Sheikh in 2005 (88 killed), and in October 2015, when 224 passengers were killed by a bomb on an Airbus A321 passenger jet.  Few tourists now want to risk going to the familiar attractions: Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, or the Valley of the Kings.", "precise_score": 5.34451150894165, "rough_score": -0.9131729006767273, "source": "search", "title": "Articles: ISIS Is the New Imperialism - American Thinker" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Islamic terror : Luxor, Egypt, 1997", "precise_score": -2.117046594619751, "rough_score": -7.752703666687012, "source": "search", "title": "Islamic terror : Luxor, Egypt, 1997 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "In 1997 in Luxor, Egypt, islamic militant group Jamar islamir would murder innocent european tourists on holiday.", "precise_score": -1.3058593273162842, "rough_score": -6.95456600189209, "source": "search", "title": "Islamic terror : Luxor, Egypt, 1997 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "With the 2005 discovery of a new chamber (KV63), and the 2008 discovery of two further tomb entrances, the valley is known to contain 63 tombs and chambers (ranging in size from KV54, a simple pit, to KV5, a complex tomb with over 120 chambers). It was the principal burial place of the major royal figures of the Egyptian New Kingdom, as well as a number of privileged nobles. The royal tombs are decorated with scenes from Egyptian mythology and give clues to the beliefs and funerary rituals of the period. Almost all of the tombs seem to have been opened and robbed in antiquity, but they still give an idea of the opulence and power of the Pharaohs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.684677124023438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "This area has been a focus of archaeological and egyptological exploration since the end of the eighteenth century, and its tombs and burials continue to stimulate research and interest. In modern times the valley has become famous for the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun (with its rumours of the Curse of the Pharaohs ), and is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. In 1979, it became a World Heritage Site, along with the rest of the Theban Necropolis. Exploration, excavation and conservation continues in the valley, and a new tourist centre has recently been opened.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.864912033081055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The Theban Hills are dominated by the peak of al-Qurn, known to the Ancient Egyptians as ta dehent, or 'The Peak'. It has a pyramid shaped appearance, and it is probable that this echoed the pyramids of the Old Kingdom, more than a thousand years prior to the first royal burials carved here. Its isolated position also resulted in reduced access, and special tomb police (the Medjay) were able to guard the necropolis. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.962542533874512, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "While the iconic pyramid complexes of the Giza plateau have come to symbolize ancient Egypt, the majority of tombs were cut into rock. Most pyramids and mastabas contain sections which are cut into ground level, and there are full rock-cut tombs in Egypt that date back to the Old Kingdom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.413625717163086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "After the defeat of the Hyksos and the reunification of Egypt under Ahmose I, the Theban rulers began to construct elaborate tombs that would reflect their newfound power. The tombs of Ahmose and his son Amenhotep I (their exact location remains unknown) were probably in the Seventeenth Dynasty necropolis of Dra' Abu el-Naga'. The first royal tombs in the valley were those of Amenhotep I (although this identification is also disputed), and Thutmose I, whose advisor Ineni notes in his tomb that he advised his king to place his tomb in the desolate valley (the identity of this actual tomb is unclear, but it is probably KV20 or KV38).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.583398818969727, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The area has been a major area of modern Egyptological exploration for the last two centuries. Before this the area was a site for tourism in antiquity (especially during Roman times). This area illustrates the changes in the study of ancient Egypt, starting as antiquity hunting, and ending as scientific excavation of the whole Theban Necropolis. Despite the exploration and investigation noted below, only eleven of the tombs have actually been completely recorded.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339599609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "In 1799, members of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt (especially Dominique Vivant) drew maps and plans of the known tombs, and for the first time noted the Western Valley (where Prosper Jollois and Édouard de Villiers du Terrage located the tomb of Amenhotep III, WV22). The Description de l'Égypte contains two volumes (out a total of 24) on the area around Thebes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.335647583007812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "When Gaston Maspero was reappointed to head the Egyptian Antiquities Service, the nature of the exploration of the valley changed again. Maspero appointed English archaeologist Howard Carter as the Chief Inspector of Upper Egypt and the young man discovered several new tombs and explored several others, clearing KV42 and KV20. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.71865177154541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The son of Seti, Ramesses the Great constructed a massive tomb, KV7, but it is in a ruinous state, and it is currently undergoing excavation and conservation by a Franco-Egyptian team led by Christian Leblanc. It is a vast size, being about the same length, and a larger area, of the tomb of his father.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308932304382324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "By the end of the New Kingdom, Egypt had entered a long period of political and economic decline. The priests at Thebes grew in power and effectively administered Upper Egypt, while kings ruling from Tanis controlled Lower Egypt. Some attempt at using the open tombs was made at the start of the Twenty-first Dynasty, with the High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem I, adding his cartouche to KV4. The Valley began to be heavily plundered, so during the Twenty-first Dynasty the priests of Amun opened most of the tombs and moved the mummies into three tombs in order to better protect them, even removing most of their treasure in order to further protect the bodies from robbers. Most of these were later moved to a single cache near Deir el-Bari (known as TT320); located in the cliffs overlooking Hatshepsut's famous temple, this mass reburial contained a large number of royal mummies. They were found in a great state of disorder, many placed in other's coffins, and several are still unidentified. Other mummies were moved to the tomb of Amenhotep II, where over a dozen mummies, many of them royal, were later relocated. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.967155456542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "In 1997, 58 tourists and four Egyptians were massacred at nearby Deir el-Bahri", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.24664306640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Valley of the Kings" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Deir el-Bahri is one of Egypt's top tourist attractions, notably for the spectacular mortuary temple of 18th-dynasty female pharaoh Hatshepsut known as \"Djeser-Djeseru.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32890796661377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "In the mid-morning attack, six gunmen massacred 58 foreign nationals and four Egyptians. The six assailants were armed with automatic firearms and knives, and disguised as members of the security forces. They descended on the Temple of Hatshepsut at around 08:45. They killed two armed guards at the site. With the tourists trapped inside the temple, the killing went on systematically for 45 minutes, during which many bodies, especially of women, were mutilated with machetes. They used both guns and butcher knives. A note praising Islam was found inside a disemboweled body. The dead included a five-year-old British child and four Japanese couples on honeymoon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.053634643554688, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The attackers then hijacked a bus, but ran into a checkpoint of armed Egyptian tourist police and military forces. One of the terrorists was wounded in the shootout and the rest fled into the hills where their bodies were found in a cave, apparently having committed suicide together. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.700508117675781, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The tourist industry in Egypt in general and in Luxor in particular was seriously affected by the resultant slump in visitors and remained depressed until sinking even lower with the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001, the 2005 Sharm el-Sheikh attacks, and the 2006 Dahab bombings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.134088516235352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "However, the massacre marked a decisive drop in Islamist terrorists' fortunes in Egypt by turning public opinion overwhelmingly against them. Terrorist attacks declined dramatically following the backlash from the massacre. Organizers and supporters of the attack quickly realised that the strike had been a massive miscalculation and reacted with denials of involvement. The day after the attack, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya leader Refa'i Ahmed Taha claimed the attackers intended only to take the tourists hostage, despite the immediate and systematic nature of the slaughter. Others denied Islamist involvement completely. Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman blamed Israelis for the killings, and Ayman Zawahiri maintained the attack was the work of the Egyptian police.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.118179321289062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Luxor massacre" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.418152809143066, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "World |70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.962301254272461, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "At least 70 people, including 60 foreign tourists, were killed outside a 3,400-year-old temple here this morning, in what Government officials called the deadliest attack by Islamic militants in their five-year campaign to overthrow the Egyptian Government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.535062789916992, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt's Interior Ministry said the dead among the tourists included Swiss, Germans and Japanese. The British Foreign Office said six Britons were among the victims. United States officials said they had not been told that any Americans were among the dead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343830108642578, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The massacre seemed bound to exact a heavy toll on an economy that depends heavily on foreign tourism. Only last month, the temple was the scene of a gala moonlight performance of Verdi's opera ''Aida'' sponsored by the Egyptian Government, which has been trying to draw even more tourists to Luxor. The total is now two million a year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.7146635055542, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "But an Egyptian taxi driver wounded in the shooting said in a hospital here tonight that the attackers had worn red headbands identifying them as members of the Islamic Group, the largest of the militant organizations fighting to topple the Government of President Hosni Mubarak and replace it with an Islamic state.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.604145050048828, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Mr. Mubarak made no public statement, but the Tourism Minister, Mamdou el-Beltagi, told reporters at a travel fair in London that he felt ''shock and sorrow'' at ''this cowards' crime committed against our guests and Egyptians as well.'' The minister was quoted as saying that the Government was doing all it could to protect tourists, but added that it was too early to predict the impact of the massacre on Egypt's $3 billion-a-year tourism industry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124222755432129, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "According to accounts by several witnesses, the attack began as a group of tourists who had just arrived by bus began to walk from a parking lot toward a broad stairway leading into the three-level temple, built as the resting place of the Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled from 1492 to 1458 B.C.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.380365371704102, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Among those whom the Egyptian Government said were killed in the shooting were two policemen and two Egyptian civilians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.481706619262695, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Over the years, the militants have issued several warnings for foreign tourists to leave Egypt. But tourists have flooded back to Egypt in recent years as a harsh Government crackdown has sharply decreased the level of violence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.514760971069336, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Since 1993, the number of foreign tourists visiting Egypt has increased from 2.5 million to a projected level of 4.2 million this year, a record.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099117279052734, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Reuters quoted a tour-agency employee, Ahmed Youssef, as saying that he had seen a pamphlet that read ''No to tourists in Egypt'' and that was signed ''Omar Abdel Rahman's Squadron of Havoc and Destruction.'' Sheik Abdel Rahman, the spiritual leader of the Islamic Group, is serving a life sentence in the United States for plotting to blow up the World Trade Center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.169844627380371, "source": "search", "title": "70 Die in Attack at Egypt Temple - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility - The Tech", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.197784423828125, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.239781379699707, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "LUXOR, Egypt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254314422607422, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Gunmen opened fire on foreign tourists gathered at an ancient temple on the Nile River Monday, killing at least 57 foreigners and three Egyptians in the country's deadliest terrorist attack by anti-government extremists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.037012100219727, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The attack was the most lethal incident of violence in Egypt since Islamic fundamentalists launched their campaign to topple the secular, military-backed government of President Hosni Mubarak in 1991.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.780570983886719, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "There was no immediate claim of responsibility. But suspicion centered on the Islamic Group and Islamic Jihad, Egypt's two main militant organizations, and a witness said the attackers' red bandannas bore the Arabic words for Islamic Group. The two organizations' targets have included police, government officials, secular intellectuals and, occasionally, foreign tourists in six years of violence that has killed more than 1,000 people on all sides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573454856872559, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Monday's attack was a major setback for Egypt's tourist industry, which has undergone a renaissance of late after several years in the doldrums caused by previous episodes of violence. Tourism is a mainstay of the Egyptian economy and travel agents braced for a wave of cancellations just before the busy holiday travel season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.6464204788208, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The ministry reported the death toll at 57 foreign tourists, two Egyptian policemen and an Egyptian tour guide, in addition to the six militants.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.755219459533691, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Authorities rushed hundreds of Interior Ministry troops to the area after the attack. Government ministers flew down from Cairo and Mubarak huddled with senior advisers, Egyptian television reported.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.806499481201172, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "There was no word as to whether there were Americans among those killed, but U.S. diplomats in Cairo were sufficiently concerned that they dispatched an aircraft filled with consular officials to assess the situation and provide assistance as needed, an embassy spokesman said. The embassy issued a statement warning Americans to avoid southern Egypt \"until the security situation is clarified and further notice is provided.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.120628356933594, "source": "search", "title": "Gunmen Kill 60 in Massacre At Egyptian Tourist Facility ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 Assailants Killed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.884305477142334, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 Assailants Killed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.884305477142334, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "A health ministry spokesman reportedly said two civilians and two policemen were injured in the attack. According to local media reports, three assailants tried to break in the temple, one of Egypt's popular tourist areas. One was killed and another injured in gunfire with the police, while the third managed to break the barricade and blew himself up, Reuters  reported.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.441624641418457, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The Limits Of Egypt's 'Religious Revolution'", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510658264160156, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "According to BBC , Islamist militants have killed hundreds of security forces and government personnel since the military ousted Egypt’s first democratically elected president Mohammed Morsi in 2013. Last week, two members of Egypt's Tourism and Antiquities Police force were shot dead on a road near the pyramids at Giza.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.889825820922852, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt Police Thwart Terrorist Attack Near Karnak Temple, 2 ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears new blow after attack on temple | Fox News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.849637031555176, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears new blow after attack on temple", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.751263618469238, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "LUXOR, Egypt –  Residents are in a panic in this Egyptian city of monumental pharaonic temples and ancient tombs, fearing that a foiled terrorist attack outside the famed Karnak Temple will kill the tourist industry on which most of the population depends for their livelihoods, just as it was starting to regain some footing after years of turmoil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.75505542755127, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "But in the city and surrounding province of nearly 1 million people, around 75 percent of whom earn their living from tourism, it was hard for many to contain their anger at the security agencies. While some praised the police for stopping the attackers from entering the temple, others said authorities should have known better that one of Egypt's prime tourist destinations was an obvious target for an Islamic militant insurgency that has boiled for two years and has moved from revenge attacks on police and soldiers to targeting the economy and the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.043839454650879, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The thwarted attack, in which a suicide bomber blew himself up in the parking lot outside the temple and two gunmen opened fire, could have been worse. No tourists were harmed, the temple was not damaged, and the only deaths were the bomber and one of the gunmen, killed by police. The third attacker was severely wounded and arrested, but remains unconscious. It appeared the attackers were all Egyptian, a security official, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to the press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.351239204406738, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Still, \"it was the first time that we get the message loud and clear, we have become a target,\" said Mohammed Othman, deputy chief of the travel agents association in southern Egypt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.275489807128906, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Luxor tourism had just been starting to revive after collapsing following Egypt's 2011 uprising. In 2011, hotel occupancy in Luxor didn't reach 3 percent in the winter high season, Othman said. In 2014, figures climbed up to 15 percent. This year, though the season has not yet arrived, there has been a rise, a reflection of political stability as President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi tightens his grip on power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367937088012695, "source": "search", "title": "Egypt's Luxor, just emerging from tourism collapse, fears ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313868522644043, "source": "search", "title": "Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents—1997" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Gunmen attacked a tourist bus in front of the Egyptian National Antiquities Museum in Tahrir Square, Cairo, killing nine German tourists and their Egyptian busdriver, and wounding eight others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.136305809020996, "source": "search", "title": "Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents—1997" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Egypt", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.313868522644043, "source": "search", "title": "Chronology of Significant Terrorist Incidents—1997" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Islamic terror : Luxor, Egypt, 1997 - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.291935920715332, "source": "search", "title": "Islamic terror : Luxor, Egypt, 1997 - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "An Egyptian tourist guide walks through the ruins of the Karnak Temple in Luxor, Egypt, Thursday, June 11, 2015. Militants tried to attack the ancient temple of Karnak in southern Egypt on Wednesday, with a suicide bomber blowing himself up and two gunmen battling police. No sightseers were hurt in the thwarted assault. Hassan Ammar / Associated Press", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.952826976776123, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The current Egyptian government has been such a monumental failure on every level that if the tourism industry wants to survive it’s going to have to take matters into its own hands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477431297302246, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Residents are in a panic in this Egyptian city of monumental pharaonic temples and ancient tombs, fearing that a foiled terrorist attack outside the famed Karnak Temple will kill the tourist industry on which most of the population depends for their livelihoods, just as it was starting to regain some footing after years of turmoil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.83902645111084, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "But in the city and surrounding province of nearly 1 million people, around 75 percent of whom earn their living from tourism, it was hard for many to contain their anger at the security agencies. While some praised the police for stopping the attackers from entering the temple, others said authorities should have known better that one of Egypt’s prime tourist destinations was an obvious target for an Islamic militant insurgency that has boiled for two years and has moved from revenge attacks on police and soldiers to targeting the economy and the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.064338684082031, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The thwarted attack, in which a suicide bomber blew himself up in the parking lot outside the temple and two gunmen opened fire, could have been worse. No tourists were harmed, the temple was not damaged, and the only deaths were the bomber and one of the gunmen, killed by police. The third attacker was severely wounded and arrested, but remains unconscious. It appeared the attackers were all Egyptian, a security official, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to the press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.351239204406738, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Still, “it was the first time that we get the message loud and clear, we have become a target,” said Mohammed Othman, deputy chief of the travel agents association in southern Egypt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285599708557129, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Luxor tourism had just been starting to revive after collapsing following Egypt’s 2011 uprising. In 2011, hotel occupancy in Luxor didn’t reach 3 percent in the winter high season, Othman said. In 2014, figures climbed up to 15 percent. This year, though the season has not yet arrived, there has been a rise, a reflection of political stability as President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi tightens his grip on power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367586135864258, "source": "search", "title": "Luxor Locals Scrambling to Save Tourism After Foiled ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital tourism | WTOP", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.050844192504883, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "After attack, Egypt’s Luxor fears new blow to vital tourism", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.041677474975586, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "An Egyptian tourist guide walks through the ruins of the Karnak Temple in Luxor, Egypt, Thursday, June 11, 2015. Militants tried to attack the ancient temple of Karnak in southern Egypt on Wednesday, with a suicide bomber blowing himself up and two gunmen battling police. No sightseers were hurt in the thwarted assault. (AP Photo/Hassan Ammar)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7932915687561035, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "LUXOR, Egypt (AP) — Residents are in a panic in this Egyptian city of monumental pharaonic temples and ancient tombs, fearing that a foiled terrorist attack outside the famed Karnak Temple will kill the tourist industry on which most of the population depends for their livelihoods, just as it was starting to regain some footing after years of turmoil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.556662559509277, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "But in the city and surrounding province of nearly 1 million people, around 75 percent of whom earn their living from tourism, it was hard for many to contain their anger at the security agencies. While some praised the police for stopping the attackers from entering the temple, others said authorities should have known better that one of Egypt’s prime tourist destinations was an obvious target for an Islamic militant insurgency that has boiled for two years and has moved from revenge attacks on police and soldiers to targeting the economy and the government.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.064338684082031, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "The thwarted attack, in which a suicide bomber blew himself up in the parking lot outside the temple and two gunmen opened fire, could have been worse. No tourists were harmed, the temple was not damaged, and the only deaths were the bomber and one of the gunmen, killed by police. The third attacker was severely wounded and arrested, but remains unconscious. It appeared the attackers were all Egyptian, a security official, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to the press.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.351239204406738, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Still, “it was the first time that we get the message loud and clear, we have become a target,” said Mohammed Othman, deputy chief of the travel agents association in southern Egypt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.285599708557129, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." }, { "answer": "Egypt", "passage": "Luxor tourism had just been starting to revive after collapsing following Egypt’s 2011 uprising. In 2011, hotel occupancy in Luxor didn’t reach 3 percent in the winter high season, Othman said. In 2014, figures climbed up to 15 percent. This year, though the season has not yet arrived, there has been a rise, a reflection of political stability as President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi tightens his grip on power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.367586135864258, "source": "search", "title": "After attack, Egypt's Luxor fears new blow to vital ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Sundance Kid", "passage": "In 1894, Butch Cassidy was arrested for horse theft in Wyoming. After serving two years in the Wyoming Territorial Prison at Laramie, Cassidy was pardoned. He immediately returned to a life of crime, this time gathering around him a local band of carousing outlaws that became known as the Wild Bunch. Cassidy’s most famous partner was Harry Longbaugh, better known as the “Sundance Kid.” Other members included the quick-to-kill Harvey Logan (“Kid Curry”), Ben Kilpatrick (“Tall Texan”), Harry Tracy, Deaf Charley Hanks, and Tom Ketchum (“BlackJack”).", "precise_score": 8.299088478088379, "rough_score": 6.842451572418213, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy is born - Apr 13, 1866 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Outlaw Butch Cassidy, also known as Robert Leroy Parker, partnered with the Sundance Kid to rob banks and trains in the early 1900s.", "precise_score": 6.801235198974609, "rough_score": 7.629275321960449, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Thief - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch Cassidy was born Robert Leroy Parker on April 13, 1866, in Beaver, Utah. In 1900, he partnered with Harry Longabaugh, nicknamed the “Sundance Kid,” to rob banks and trains as leaders of the Wild Bunch, a group of outlaws. They eluded police by escaping to South America. In 1906, they returned to crime. It is believed they were trapped and killed by police in Bolivia in 1908, but reports vary.", "precise_score": 6.745809555053711, "rough_score": 6.200035095214844, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Thief - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "Sundance Kid", "passage": "In the Globe newspaper, the following item was written and published on December 20, 1988. You can't believe the movies! Butch Cassidy died in bed. Romantic outlaw, Butch Cassidy, didn't die with his six guns blazing in a murderous shootout with soldiers in Bolivia, as many historians believe. He passed away peacefully in bed with his boots off. Cassidy's nephew, John Betenson, says his uncle and his fast-draw partner Harry Longabough, the Sundance Kid, spread the story about their deaths so that detectives, who were hot on their trail, would call off their manhunt.", "precise_score": 4.434345245361328, "rough_score": 6.552176475524902, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Piute County, Utah" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)", "precise_score": -0.3538118004798889, "rough_score": 4.637956142425537, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 )", "precise_score": -0.3538118004798889, "rough_score": 4.637956142425537, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Shortly before Lowe was detained, William A. Pinkerton had heard about the San Vicente shootout, but had dismissed ‘the whole story as a fake.’ The agency never officially called off the search for Butch and Sundance. Indeed, in 1921, Mr. Pinkerton told an agent that ‘the last we heard of [the Sundance Kid]…he was in jail in Peru for an attempted bank robbery. Butch Cassidy had been with him but got away and is supposed to have returned to the Argentine.’ Needless to say, the Pinkertons never caught up with the pair.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.370316505432129, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy | HistoryNet" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Book Review: He Rode With Butch and Sundance, by Mark T. Smokov Author Mark Smokov makes the case that Harvey Logan (aka Kid Curry) was not just another member of the Wild Bunch under Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.1631563901901245, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy | HistoryNet" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "By the turn of the century, however, the wild days of the West were rapidly fading. Once deserted lands were being tamed and settled, and western states and territories were creating an increasingly effective law-enforcement network. Tired of his robberies, railroad executives hired detectives to catch Cassidy and began placing mounted guards in railcars to pursue the Wild Bunch. In 1901, Cassidy fled the U.S. for Argentina accompanied by his lover, Etta Place, and the Sundance Kid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.701537132263184, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy is born - Apr 13, 1866 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Sundance Kid", "passage": "Upon his full release in 1896, Cassidy resumed his life as a criminal. With several other well-known outlaws, including Harry Longabaugh (a.k.a. the \"Sundance Kid\"), William Ellsworth Lay (\"Elzy Lay\"), Ben Kilpatrick (the \"Tall Texan\") and Harvey Logan (\"Kid Curry\") -- a group known as “the Wild Bunch” -- Cassidy embarked on what is considered the longest stretch of successful train and bank robberies in American history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.095792293548584, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Thief - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "In the end the Union Pacific turned to law enforcement to put a permanent end to the Wild Bunch. To hunt Cassidy and the group down, the company hired the famed Pinkerton National Detective Agency, which pushed Cassidy and the Sundance Kid into South America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.299403190612793, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Thief - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "As the story goes, the pair continued to rob trains and banks in South America. The conventional account says Cassidy and the Sundance Kid lost their lives in a shootout with soldiers in southern Bolivia on November 6, 1908.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.897265434265137, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Thief - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "While the debate lingers over when and where Cassidy truly died, there's little argument that he's considered one of the most revered outlaws to come out of the American West. His life and relationship with Sundance was immortalized in the 1969 Oscar-winning movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, starring Paul Newman (Cassidy) and Robert Redford (Sundance).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.15569797158241272, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Thief - Biography.com" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "\"There was a battle with soldiers and two men did die that afternoon, explains Betenson, a 68-year-old retired rancher in Circleville, Utah. It was two lesser members of the outlaw gang who bit the dust. Butch and Sundance simply assumed their identities. \"The Bolivian soldiers who captured them were told they had killed the infamous train robbers, and the troopers were happy enough to believe it. The trick worked, and once the trail was cold, Butch and Sundance rode off in to the sunset and anonymous retirement. I know that's the chain of events, says Betenson. My mother, who died in 1980 at the age of 96, was Butch's sister, and he visited her in 1925, when I was just five years old. I remember that if the subject of my uncle came up at the dinner table, we were taught to act as if we had never heard of him. Of course, everybody around these parts knew he was my mother's brother. True of false, the Bolivian shootout provided a rip-roaring finish to the smash-hit movie, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which starred Paul Newman and Robert Redford. Betenson told Globe that Butch was using the alias William Phillips when he died of cancer in 1937. But he won't say where the outlaw is buried for fear that trophy hunters might try to unearth his remains. My uncle's real name was Robert Leroy Parker, he says. An outlaw named Mike Cassidy took a liking to him when he was 16 and showed him how to shoot. He was so fond of Cassidy that he took his last name. Betenson adds, Butch told my mother he had run into the Sundance Kid in Texas a few years before, so we know both men escaped death in South America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2931697368621826, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy - Piute County, Utah" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) is the likeably entertaining, charming and amusing comedy/drama of the friendship and camaraderie shared between the two handsome and humorous buddy leads - legendary, turn-of-the-century Western outlaws and their \"Hole in the Wall\" gang. Historical antecedents for the two daring \"Robin Hood\" outlaws actually existed, two notorious figures who were sadly anachronistic for their turn-of-the-century times:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1787935495376587, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "\"The Sundance Kid\" (outlaw Harry Longbaugh)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299978256225586, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "[Warren Beatty was originally slated for the Butch role, and Steve McQueen for the Sundance Kid role.] The two male leads would again co-star (only once more) as big-screen buddies in George Roy Hill's Best Picture winner The Sting (1973), with ten Oscar nominations and seven wins. The flip-side of this light-hearted buddy picture was its major competitor of the year, the X-rated, dark Midnight Cowboy (1969) with its anti-heroes Ratso Rizzo (Dustin Hoffman) and Joe Buck (Jon Voight).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.242895603179932, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch's partner is introduced in a similar, sepia-toned sequence filmed in close-up. During a blackjack card game in Macon's Saloon - a typically cliched Western scene, Butch's partner, a dead-panning, silent, dim-witted, mustached, dark-hatted cardsharp 'The Sundance Kid' [(30 year old Robert Redford in a breakout role) not identified by name until later] deals cards to other players at a gaming table. One opponent named Tom folds his hands and asks for credit from the saloon owner/gunman Mr. Macon (Donnelly Rhodes), but is denied. Off-camera, Macon confronts the mustached player:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5073571801185608, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Cassidy remained active for another year and may have participated in a Wagner, Mont., train robbery on July 3, 1901. However with many of his henchmen and friends either captured, killed or on the run, Cassidy must have felt that his time was drawing to a close. By most accounts, Cassidy left New York in February 1901 with his most frequent partner, Harry Longabaugh—the Sundance Kid—and Longabaugh’s companion Etta Place and sailed to Buenos Aires, Argentina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0647940635681152, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy in Wyoming | WyoHistory.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch Cassidy is clearly a household name in America today. As C. Watt Brandon stated in the Sept. 29, 1950, Kemmerer Gazette, “The name of Butch Cassidy will probably never disappear from the records of Wyoming’s last frontier.” And thanks to the iconic film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid released in 1969, it is doubtful that the name of Butch Cassidy will disappear from the frontier of the public imagination anytime soon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0076615810394287, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy in Wyoming | WyoHistory.org" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Trailer - Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5697789192199707, "source": "search", "title": "Trailer - Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969 ..." }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Trailer - Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2569165229797363, "source": "search", "title": "Trailer - Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969 ..." }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Paul Newman and Robert Redford set the standard for the \"buddy film\" with this smash hit set in the Old West. The Sundance Kid (Redford) is the frontier's fastest gun. His sidekick, Butch Cassidy (Newman), is always dreaming up new ways to get rich fast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4950456619262695, "source": "search", "title": "Trailer - Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969 ..." }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.466248989105225, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "Title: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5676016807556152, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Sundance Kid", "passage": "The Sundance Kid and Butch Cassidy See more  »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.17892484366893768, "source": "search", "title": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Michelle Smith's father taught his daughters how to swim, and Smith was first spotted by a lifeguard in Tallaght swimming pool at age 9. He suggested that Smith's father enrol his daughter in a swimming club. Smith joined Terenure Swimming Club and trained under the tutelage of Larry Williamson. Smith won the Dublin and All-Ireland Community Games at aged 9. She then won ten gold medals at a novice competition. She enrolled in the King's Hospital Swimming Club in 1980. At aged 14, Smith won ten medals at the Irish National Swimming Championships. At 14, she became National Junior and Senior Champion and dominated Irish women's swimming until her retirement in 1998.", "precise_score": 0.03936995565891266, "rough_score": 1.770435094833374, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michelle Smith" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "She was 28 at the time, and the ban effectively ended her competitive swimming career. Smith was not stripped of her Olympic medals, as only samples subsequent to her Olympic involvement tested positive. ", "precise_score": -0.349040150642395, "rough_score": -2.561718463897705, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michelle Smith" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "THE names Michelle Smith and Michelle Smith de Bruin are to be locked in a trunk and left to gather dust in the dungeons of Irish swimming history in a carefully worded new constitution that bars suspended swimmers from holding records and will confine the triple Olympic champion to a century past.", "precise_score": 3.2115318775177, "rough_score": 5.924155235290527, "source": "search", "title": "Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Her face, creased with incredulity, between laughter and tears, said everything about the improbability of what Michelle Smith had just done. She had pulled off one of the great upsets in Olympic swimming history, and for Ireland, no less, which doesn't even have an Olympic-sized pool and had never produced a women's champion. Not in swimming. Not in any sport. No Irish woman had ever won an Olympic medal, much less a gold.", "precise_score": 1.7533129453659058, "rough_score": 4.549350738525391, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "FINA, the international swimming federation, states that Smith's bulky sweater enabled her to hide her actions from the testers as she poured whiskey into the urine sample to mask the presence of performance enhancing drugs. She is suspended from the sport for four years but allowed to keep her Olympic medals.", "precise_score": 3.8794655799865723, "rough_score": 2.5465636253356934, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Ireland's triple Olympic swimming champion, Michelle Smith-de Bruin, 29, was given a four-year ban for manipulating a urine sample before a random test. Her appeal last June failed. She won three medals at the 1996 Atlanta Games.", "precise_score": 4.628229141235352, "rough_score": 5.587502956390381, "source": "search", "title": "Battle for control of Olympic drug tests | World | News ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "The career of Michelle Smith de Bruin, the Irish swimmer who won three gold medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics, appeared to end in disgrace yesterday when swimming's world governing body banned her from competition for four years after finding that she had manipulated a drug test by spiking her urine sample with alcohol.", "precise_score": 5.532559871673584, "rough_score": 6.488405704498291, "source": "search", "title": "SWIMMING - Olympic Swimming Star Banned - Tampering With ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "The Republic of Ireland's triple Olympic swimming champion, Michelle Smith, however, stretched credibility from the outset. We did not accuse, just let readers judge from the facts: she had only squeezed into the world top 100 three years earlier and had still been outside the top 30 in her gold-medal disciplines a year before Atlanta '96. A Dutch husband and coach already serving a drug ban heightened suspicion, and few could have been surprised when she was caught two years later, adulterating her urine with so much whiskey that it would have killed her had she really consumed it.", "precise_score": 4.37495231628418, "rough_score": 5.129211902618408, "source": "search", "title": "The dopers, the defenders and the duped make Froome's ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Michelle Smith's father taught his daughter's how to swim and Smith was first spotted by a lifeguard in Tallaght swimming pool at aged 9. He suggested that Smith's father enrol his daughter in a swimming club. Smith joined Terenure Swimming Club under the wing of Larry Williamson. Smith won the Dublin and All-Ireland Community Games at aged 9. She then won ten gold medals at a novice competition. She enrolled in the King's Hospital Swimming Club in 1980. At aged 14, Smith won ten medals at the Irish National Swimming Championships. At 14, she became National Junior and Senior Champion and dominated Irish women's swimming until her retirement in 1998.", "precise_score": 0.41392040252685547, "rough_score": 2.6773521900177, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "She was 28 at the time, and the ban effectively ended her competitive swimming career. Although Smith lost some of her popularity and her career achievements were somewhat discredited, she was not stripped of her Olympic medals, because her doping offense was detected sometime after the games. Thus, she remains Ireland's most successful Olympian ever. [9]", "precise_score": 2.569991111755371, "rough_score": -2.0690953731536865, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Swimming career", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342876434326172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michelle Smith" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Smith was single-handedly responsible for Ireland's second-largest ever medal haul at one Olympics. She did not qualify for the 400m freestyle event by 5 July deadline, but did so two days later. She only applied for the event after she had arrived in Atlanta for the games, and the IOC granted her an exception. After she qualified for the final and pushed the US swimmer Janet Evans to ninth place, and out of the finals, the US Swimming association tried to get her disqualified, but were unsuccessful. At a later conference, Evans highlighted that accusations of Smith doping had been heard by her around poolside. Smith later received an apology from Evans as her comments led to Smith being treated poorly by US media. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.734488010406494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michelle Smith" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Her experiences at the CAS had an effect beyond her swimming career. It was there that she developed an interest in the law; after officially announcing her retirement from swimming in 1999, she returned to university, graduating from University College Dublin with a degree in law. In July 2005 she was conferred with the degree of Barrister at Law of King's Inns, Dublin. While a student at the King's Inns she won the highly prestigious internal Brian Walsh Moot Court competition. Her first book, Transnational Litigation: Jurisdiction and Procedure was published in 2008 by Thomson Round Hall which is respected in legal circles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.526458263397217, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michelle Smith" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "In 2007, she appeared on Celebrities Go Wild, an RTÉ reality television show in which eight celebrities had to fend for themselves in the wilds of rural Connemara. At the launch of the series, she refused to appear on The Late Late Show if host Pat Kenny made any reference to her swimming career. This came after RTÉ show executives told the former swimmer that some reference would have to be made to her controversial past. After the show, an RTÉ spokesperson stated that Michelle had made the decision not to take part when faced with the ultimatum. In an interview on national radio, Smith stated that she had been faced with an ultimatum from the national broadcaster, to go on the show and to answer questions about her ban, or else the broadcaster would not permit her to appear on the show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.099143981933594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michelle Smith" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records - Swimming World News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.030639171600342, "source": "search", "title": "Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Swim Ireland’s break with the past represents a final humiliation for Smith de Bruin in Ireland, coming as it does on the coat-tails of the scandal over Derry O’Rourke, a former coach to Smith and the national team, who was jailed for sex crimes and whose case prompted a Government inquiry into Irish swimming that led to the disbanding of the federation. Swim Ireland is the replacement body. Smith was not involved in the O’Rourke court case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.257720470428467, "source": "search", "title": "Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Sean Gordon, the Irish recorder, has long called for Smith de Bruin’s records to be annulled on the basis that no Irish woman would “be able to break a swimming record for the next 30 years”. When Irish freestyler Nick O’Hare said on Irish radio recently that Irish girls would come along and break Smith de Bruin’s records, it was Gordon, tongue firmly in cheek, who invited O’Hare to attempt to break the Olympian’s 400m freestyle time himself. Only two men in Ireland have ever swum faster that Smith de Bruin over distance freestyle events.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.236509323120117, "source": "search", "title": "Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Swim Ireland appears to have bypassed the problem by simply setting up a new book. Such a move is unprecedented in international swimming, where records set by East Germans and Chinese who served drug suspensions sit yet as gruesome reminders of a drug-fuelled past. There is, nonetheless, precedent in Irish swimming; the record books for juniors were started afresh a few years ago after a change to the age structure of youth competitions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.488697528839111, "source": "search", "title": "Ireland Wipes Out Michelle Smith DeBruin's Records ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "UK swimming record holder Michael Fibbens has been banned from the sport after testing positive for a cocaine derivative.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.359813690185547, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News | Sport | Swimmer banned for drug use" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Fibbens, 30, was suspended by Britain's Amateur Swimming Federation after testing positive for benzoylecgonine at the World Cup meeting in Sheffield last March.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.012192726135254, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News | Sport | Swimmer banned for drug use" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "The Lausanne-based world swimming body Fina has now barred him from competition until next March.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.670166969299316, "source": "search", "title": "BBC News | Sport | Swimmer banned for drug use" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "ATLANTA: DAY 3 -- SWIMMING;Irish Swimmer's Golden Honeymoon - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.40468978881836, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Sports |ATLANTA: DAY 3 -- SWIMMING;Irish Swimmer's Golden Honeymoon", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.94113540649414, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Sports | ATLANTA: DAY 3 -- SWIMMING", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.296046257019043, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "ATLANTA: DAY 3 -- SWIMMING;Irish Swimmer's Golden Honeymoon", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285896301269531, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Smith had clearly finished first in the 400-meter individual medley on Saturday night, but she held onto the edge of the pool and looked at the scoreboard to confirm the magnitude of her accomplishment. She was ranked 41st in the world in her event, a swimming afterthought at age 26, and she had just won a gold medal in the Olympics in 4 minutes 39.18 seconds, beating Allison Wagner of the United States, beating the defending champion, Kristzina Egerszegi of Hungary, beating the whole world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.891751289367676, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swam", "passage": "Perhaps, but Smith will give it a try. On July 6, two weeks before the Olympics opened, she swam the fastest women's 400-meter freestyle in two years in 4:08. That is less than five seconds off the world record of 4:03.85 held by Janet Evans. Before that race, Smith was not ranked among the top 50 in the world in the 400 freestyle. Now, she must be considered an Olympic favorite on Monday night, if she swims the event. She is also scheduled to compete in the 200 individual medley and the 200-meter butterfly. \"This is the first one,\" her coach and husband, Erik de Bruin, told her as he greeted her after Saturday's victory. \"There are many more to come.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.797943592071533, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Smith received a bachelor's degree in communications from the University of Houston in 1992, but her swimming career never graduated to the elite level. In Barcelona, Spain, she finished 26th in the 400 individual medley, which comprises the butterfly, backstroke, breast-stroke and freestyle. She took 32d place in the 200 individual medley and 35th in the 200 backstroke. In 1993, de Bruin suggested that she let him coach her to see if he couldn't improve her times.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.747158050537109, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Because Ireland lacks a 50-meter Olympic pool, Smith spends most of her time training in the Netherlands, where de Bruin has applied the principles of track and field to swimming. Smith lifts weights for explosive power. De Bruin has increased the speed of her workouts, adding a heavy dose of sprinting. At the end of a distance workout, for instance, he would have her swim 100 meters using each of the four strokes, full speed, with 10 minutes' rest between.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.938044548034668, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Their timing has been impeccable. On June 11, they were married. Now they are celebrating their honeymoon at the Olympics, and Smith is in the best swimming shape of her life. Some of the Americans are skeptical about the legitimacy of her times. Privately, they point out that de Bruin was suspended in 1993 from track and field after testing positive for a banned, performance-enhancing substance. His eligibility was later reinstated by the Dutch federation because of irregularities in the drug-test procedure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.838815450668335, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swam", "passage": "\"She swam a lot of different places, and has not been very good,\" said Gregg Troy, an assistant coach of the American women's team. \"That's certainly a lot of improvement for a 26-year-old woman.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209144592285156, "source": "search", "title": "ATLANTA - DAY 3 -- SWIMMING - Irish Swimmer's Golden ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Dec. 2, 1991 - Former East German Swimming Coaches Admit to Two Decades of Doping", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.579475402832031, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "\"The stunning domination of international swimming by East German women for nearly two decades was built upon an organized system of anabolic-steroid use, a group of 20 former East German coaches confirmed [on Dec. 2, 1991].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.990829467773438, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "\"Coaches Concede That Steroids Fueled East Germany's Success in Swimming,\" New York Times, Dec. 3, 1991", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.033626556396484, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "China wins 12 of 16 gold medals at the Sep. 1994 FINA World Championships in Rome, casting suspicion on that nation's swimmers, who suddenly began winning medals in the early 1990s. The Chinese women dominate in swimming at the Oct. 1994 Asian Games, but suspicions of doping are confirmed as eleven Chinese athletes test positive for steroids after the competition and are stripped of 22 medals. The suspension of many Chinese swimmers results in only one gold medal won by the national team at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0239176750183105, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "A British tabloid publishes a photo of Michael Phelps, age 23, smoking marijuana at a party in South Carolina. Phelps, an American swimmer with 14 Olympic gold medals, is suspended from competition for 3 months by USA Swimming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.799045085906982, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "\"Michael Phelps Happy with Decision to Keep Swimming,\" Washington Post, May 8, 2009", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.028809547424316, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Jessica Hardy celebrates during the US Swimming Olympic Trials on July 5, 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.266524314880371, "source": "search", "title": "Historical Timeline - Drug Use in Sports - ProCon.org" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Most notoriously, from the 1960s to the 1980s the East German state ran a systematic covert drug programme that allowed East German athletes, particularly swimmers, to win large numbers of Olympic medals. Former East German swimming coaches were eventually prosecuted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.70562744140625, "source": "search", "title": "Battle for control of Olympic drug tests | World | News ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "SWIMMING; Olympic Swimming Star Banned; Tampering With Drug Test Cited - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.288244247436523, "source": "search", "title": "SWIMMING - Olympic Swimming Star Banned - Tampering With ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Sports |SWIMMING; Olympic Swimming Star Banned; Tampering With Drug Test Cited", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.578155994415283, "source": "search", "title": "SWIMMING - Olympic Swimming Star Banned - Tampering With ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "''I think FINA is doing the right thing with its out-of-competition testing program,'' Carol Zaleski, president of the United States swimming federation, said in an interview. ''Obviously people who are using things they shouldn't are most likely to be caught there rather than in a competitive situation.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.099287986755371, "source": "search", "title": "SWIMMING - Olympic Swimming Star Banned - Tampering With ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "A story is told here of a woman who, if such a procedure were possible, would test positive only for grit, determination and massive amounts of pride. The tale, its impurities filtered out and its words chlorinated, hangs on the wall at the local pub in the village where Michelle Smith de Bruin grew from little girl to swimming star to international pariah. The framed poem is called \"The Golden Girl of Ireland,\" and it includes the sort of flowery verse a king might have commissioned to romanticize...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.476428031921387, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Michelle Smith - tribunedigital-chicagotribune" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "A story is told here of a woman who, if such a procedure were possible, would test positive only for grit, determination and massive amounts of pride. The tale, its impurities filtered out and its words chlorinated, hangs on the wall at the local pub in the village where Michelle Smith de Bruin grew from little girl to swimming star to international pariah. The framed poem is called \"The Golden Girl of Ireland,\" and it includes the sort of flowery verse a king might have commissioned to romanticize...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.476428031921387, "source": "search", "title": "Articles about Michelle Smith - tribunedigital-chicagotribune" }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "  Swimming career", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.342876434326172, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "In 1995, Erik de Bruin was refused a coach's accreditation to the European Championships in Vienna because of his four-year ban. He used a falsified accreditation badge of a Belgian official to gain entry into the doping control area. In the anti-doping area, Erik proceeded to mark up Michelle's doping control form with comments regarding the sloppiness of the control procedures in Dutch. [2] [3] It was reported that in 1996 and 1997, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) had concerns about Smith's repeated unavailability for random out-of-competition testing. Her submitted training schedule was left totally blank, apart from her name and nationality, making it difficult to predict her movements. It has been suggested that Smith's behaviour during this period is wholly consistent with the typical behaviour of others who have subsequently been found guilty of drug taking offences. [4]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.766968250274658, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Prior to the beginning of the games, swimming analyst Gary O'Toole flagged what he predicted would be an unbelievable performance in the games by Smith. He intimated that such an improvement in performance could not be naturally achieved. Naturally the Irish broadcaster RTÉ balked at the controversial claims and essentially gagged the analyst for fear of litigation. [5]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.100988388061523, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Her experiences at the CAS had an effect beyond her swimming career. It was there that she developed an interest in the law ; after officially announcing her retirement from swimming in 1999, she returned to university, graduating from University College Dublin with a degree in law. In July 2005 she was conferred with the degree of Barrister at Law of King's Inns , Dublin . While a student at the King's Inns she won the highly prestigious internal Brian Walsh Moot Court competition. Her first book, Transnational Litigation: Jurisdiction and Procedure was published in 2008 by Thomson Round Hall. [10] which is respected in legal circles. [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.600148677825928, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "In 2007, she appeared on Celebrities Go Wild, an RTÉ reality television show in which eight celebrities had to fend for themselves in the wilds of rural Connemara . [12] At the launch of the series, she refused to appear on The Late Late Show if host Pat Kenny made any reference to her swimming career. This came after RTÉ show executives told the former swimmer that some reference would have to be made to her controversial past. After the show, an RTÉ spokesperson stated that Michelle had made the decision not to take part when faced with the ultimatum. [13] In an interview on national radio, Smith stated that she had been faced with an ultimatum from the national broadcaster, to go on the show and to answer questions about her ban, or else the broadcaster would not permit her to appear on the show. Smith refused to be treated differently to other contestants on the show, and she was not allowed to appear on the Late Late Show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.964066028594971, "source": "search", "title": "michelle smith : definition of michelle smith and synonyms ..." }, { "answer": "Swimming", "passage": "Jan. 8: Chinese swimmer Yuan Yuan was arrested at a Sydney airport while attempting to smuggle 13 vials of a human growth hormone into the country to take to the world swimming championships in Perth. Her coach, Zhou Zhewen, admitted planting the banned substance and was given a 15-year suspension by FINA, swimming's international governing body.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.233108520507812, "source": "search", "title": "cannabisnews.com: Dateline '98: The Year of Drugs!" } ]

[ { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (December 1, 1949 - December 2, 1993) was a Colombian drug lord and trafficker. His cartel, at the height of his career, supplied an estimated 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States. Often called \"The King of Cocaine\", he was the wealthiest criminal in history, with an estimated known net worth of US $30 billion by the early 1990s. He was also one of the 10 richest men in the world at his prime and lived in his self-built Hacienda Nápoles. ", "precise_score": 3.8117542266845703, "rough_score": 0.16367027163505554, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Escobar was born in Rionegro, Colombia and grew up in nearby Medellín. After briefly studying at Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín, he left without a degree and began to engage in criminal activity that involved selling contraband cigarettes along with fake lottery tickets, and grand theft auto. In the 1970s he began to work for various contraband smugglers often kidnapping and holding people of interest for ransom. In 1975 Escobar began distributing powder cocaine himself and began the first smuggling routes into the United States. His infiltration to the drug market of the U.S. expanded exponentially due to the rising demand for cocaine, and by the 1980s it was estimated that 70 to 80 tons of cocaine were being shipped from Colombia to the U.S. on a monthly basis. His drug network was commonly known as the \"Medellín Cartel\" and often competed with rival cartels domestically and abroad resulting in high-rate massacres and the deaths of police officers, judges, locals and prominent politicians.", "precise_score": 1.4466091394424438, "rough_score": -3.3383991718292236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "In The Accountant's Story, Roberto De Jesus Escobar Gaviria discusses the means by which Pablo rose from middle-class simplicity and obscurity to one of the world's wealthiest men. In 1975, Pablo started developing his cocaine operation. He even flew a plane himself several times, mainly between Colombia and Panama, along smuggling routes into the United States. When he later bought 15 new and bigger airplanes, including a Learjet and six helicopters, according to his son, a dear friend of Pablo died during the landing of an airplane. The friend died and the plane was destroyed. Pablo reconstructed the airplane from the scrap parts that were left and later hung it above the gate to his ranch at Hacienda Napoles. In May 1976, Escobar and several of his men were arrested and found in possession of 39 lb of white paste after returning to Medellín with a heavy load from Ecuador. Initially, Pablo tried unsuccessfully to bribe the Medellín judges who were forming the case against him. Instead, after many months of legal wrangling, Pablo had the two arresting officers killed, and the case was dropped. Here he began his pattern of dealing with the authorities, by either bribing them or killing them. Roberto Escobar maintains Pablo fell into the drug business simply because other types of contraband became too dangerous to traffic. There were no drug cartels then, and only a few drug barons, so there was plenty of business for everyone. In Peru, they bought the cocaine paste, which they then refined in a laboratory in a two-story house in Medellín. On his first trip, Pablo bought a paltry 13.5 kilos (30 pounds) of paste in what was to become the first step towards building his empire. At first, he smuggled the cocaine in old plane tires, and a pilot could earn as much as $500,000 per flight depending on how much he could smuggle. ", "precise_score": 1.6433775424957275, "rough_score": -2.909067392349243, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Escobar quickly became known internationally as his drug network gained notoriety; the Medellín Cartel controlled a large portion of the drugs that entered the United States, Mexico, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and Spain. The cocaine was produced with coca from Bolivia and Peru through other drug dealers, such as Roberto Suárez Goméz, since Colombian coca was initially of substandard quality, and demand for more and better cocaine increased. Escobar's cocaine reached many other countries in the Americas, and Europe through Spain; it was even rumored his network reached as far as Asia.", "precise_score": 0.32701006531715393, "rough_score": -1.9599679708480835, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Corruption and intimidation characterized Escobar's dealings with the Colombian system. He had an effective, inescapable policy in dealing with law enforcement and the government, referred to as \"plata o plomo\" (literally \"silver or lead\", colloquially \"[accept] money or [face] bullets\"). Its execution resulted in the deaths of hundreds of individuals, including civilians, policemen and state officials. At the same time, Escobar bribed countless government officials, judges and other politicians. Escobar was allegedly responsible for the 1989 murder of Colombian presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galán, one of three assassinated candidates who were all competing in the same election, as well as the bombing of Avianca Flight 203 and the DAS Building bombing in Bogotá in 1989. The Medellín Cartel was also involved in a deadly drug war with its primary rival, the Cali Cartel, for most of its existence.", "precise_score": 3.547865867614746, "rough_score": -2.0192530155181885, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "On 16 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the United States in a special Drug Enforcement Administration flight. According to the American Embassy in Bogotá, this was done for \"safety and security reasons\" because Vallejo's cooperation was needed in high-profile criminal cases. On 24 July 2006, a video in which Vallejo accused former Senator Alberto Santofimio of instigating Escobar, in her presence, to eliminate presidential candidate Luis Carlos Galán was aired on Colombian television. In 2007, Vallejo published her book Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), wherein she describes her relationship with the drug lord during the early years of the cocaine boom and his charity projects for the poor, when he was a deputy congressman. She gives her account of Escobar's relationship with Caribbean governments and dictators and his role in the birth of the M.A.S. (Death to Kidnappers) and Los Extraditables. Vallejo also gives her account of numerous incidents throughout Escobar's political and criminal career, such as the assassination of Justice Minister Rodrigo Lara in 1984, her lover's feud with the Cali Cartel, and the era of narcoterrorism that began after the couple's farewell in September 1987.", "precise_score": -0.8645212054252625, "rough_score": -3.021761178970337, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Two major feature films on the Colombian drug lord, Escobar (2009) and Killing Pablo (2011), were announced in 2007, around the same time. Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.", "precise_score": -0.8191720247268677, "rough_score": -2.5687170028686523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo Escobar and the Failed War on Drugs | The Daily Bell", "precise_score": 0.7763285636901855, "rough_score": -3.1291990280151367, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo Escobar and the Failed War on Drugs", "precise_score": 1.2294951677322388, "rough_score": -2.2626450061798096, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Introduction: Roberto Escobar Gaviria, an entrepreneur in Colombia, is the brother of the late Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, and former chief accountant, \"right-hand man and administrative brains\" of the Escobar operation (Whitewash: Pablo Escobar and the Cocaine Wars, p 23). Roberto spent more than 11 years in a maximum-security prison in Itagüi, south of Medellin, Colombia. Escobar is author of The Accountant's Sto ry: Inside the Violent World of the Medellin Cartel: The True Story of Pablo Escobar (2009), Escobar: The Inside Story of Pablo Escobar, the World's Most Powerful Criminal (2009) and Mi Hermano Pablo (2008).", "precise_score": 2.9336912631988525, "rough_score": 2.9416496753692627, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "While Roberto was becoming a world-class cyclist as a young man, eventually winning numerous national and international medals, coach of the Colombian national cycling team and opening his own bicycle factory, Pablo was embarking on a life of crime. From stealing tombstones in his youth and smuggling contraband, he eventually began smuggling cocaine paste from Peru into Colombia where it was processed. After taking over the existing operations of murdered drug lord Fabio Restrepo, the Medellin cartel's operations eventually expanded into exporting cocaine internationally, including into the US. Roberto reluctantly joined Pablo in the drug smuggling business – out of necessity, says Roberto – when the government began pursuing extended family members who were not involved in Pablo's business, even imprisoning Roberto's wife at one time. Roberto Escobar told the Irish Times in 2009, \"I managed the telephones, the books. I never got involved in terrorism, or killings, and I criticised [Pablo] many times for that.\"", "precise_score": 0.5031574964523315, "rough_score": -2.67830753326416, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Editor's Note: Roberto Escobar does not speak English. This in-person interview was conducted at his home in Colombia with the assistance of a translator. To aid readers unfamiliar with Colombian culture and history, Pablo Escobar and the Medellin cartel of the 1980s-90s drug wars, the media information to which Mr. Escobar refers and other topics discussed, more information to supplement that contained in the Introduction has been added throughout the interview (in italics).", "precise_score": 1.0212839841842651, "rough_score": -3.042909860610962, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: No, I wouldn't say it's a complete failure. The Colombian government has fiercely attacked the drug dealing business, which is impossible to eradicate since there are always users of the product. An effort should be made to stop the use of drugs and to stop the production of drugs in the world. If the use and the production stop, the business will end.", "precise_score": 0.20780204236507416, "rough_score": -3.54018497467041, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "A paramilitary group called People Persecuted by Pablo Escobar had declared war against Pablo Escobar and his cartel last February to avenge car bombings attributed to the Medellin drug cartel.", "precise_score": -0.35678932070732117, "rough_score": -3.2991366386413574, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "\"Escobar: El Patrón del Mal\" (Pablo Escobar, The Drug Lord) is a 2012 Colombian television series produced and broadcast on Caracol TV, about the life of Pablo Escobar. It aired May 28-November 1, 2012 on Caracol TV in one-hour episodes, later on Telemundo, Canal 9 and Telesudamérica and has been broadcast in at least 18 other countries.", "precise_score": 0.04746078699827194, "rough_score": -1.001404881477356, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The family of Pablo Escobar sued Colombian television network Caracol and newspaper El Espectador because a hit TV series based on the late drug lord's life and articles published about him \"damaged Escobar's good name.\"", "precise_score": 0.33871614933013916, "rough_score": -2.698389768600464, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Escobar's sister Luz Maria filed a lawsuit claiming television network Caracol never received permission to include her family's characters in the popular series \"Pablo Escobar: The Boss of Evil\" that premiered in late May, breaking Colombian television records. The drug lord's family also sued newspaper El Espectador for publishing two articles chronicling Escobar's violent crusade against the state in the 1980s arguing they violated the integrity of Escobar's family, the newspaper reported Sunday.", "precise_score": 0.2352631390094757, "rough_score": 1.7455389499664307, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar’s Business Partner: He Dealt Coke Better Than He Sang", "precise_score": 0.19680869579315186, "rough_score": -0.5560134053230286, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar’s Business Partner: He Dealt Coke Better Than He Sang", "precise_score": 0.19680869579315186, "rough_score": -0.5560134053230286, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar’s Business Partner: He Dealt Coke Better Than He Sang", "precise_score": 0.19680869579315186, "rough_score": -0.5560134053230286, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The son of the famous Colombian drug baron Pablo Escobar has made the controversial claim that Frank Sinatra was his father’s business partner.", "precise_score": -0.3473399877548218, "rough_score": 0.6983087658882141, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "During the dizzy heights of his drug dealing, Pablo was estimated to supply about 80 percent of all the cocaine used in America. The head of the Medellin Cartel is the subject of Netflix’s popular crime drama series Narcos, and the name Pablo Escobar has become almost synonymous with the white powder.", "precise_score": 2.8707125186920166, "rough_score": -2.992741584777832, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The first treaty governing extradition of Colombians to the U.S., most on drug trafficking and money laundering charges, came into force in 1982. It was the subject of fierce opposition from criminal interests, most notably Pablo Escobar, who tried to force the government to block the measure through targeted assassinations and bombing attacks. In 1991, due in part to this pressure, a new constitution banned the extradition of nationals, but this measure was overturned in 1997. Fewer than 400 Colombians were extradited in the first few years after extradition was reintroduced, but more than 1,100 were during President Alvaro Uribe’s time in power, between 2002 and 2010.", "precise_score": -1.7181048393249512, "rough_score": -1.472429633140564, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is doing to Mexico what El Patron did to Colombia", "precise_score": 0.8174204230308533, "rough_score": 0.4272249639034271, "source": "search", "title": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is doing to Mexico what El Patron did to Colombia", "precise_score": 0.8174204230308533, "rough_score": 0.4272249639034271, "source": "search", "title": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Jhon Jairo Velásquez Vásquez, aka “Popeye,” was the chief assassin for infamous Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar’s Medellín cartel.", "precise_score": 1.2868213653564453, "rough_score": 3.6019487380981445, "source": "search", "title": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "As a teenager, Pablo Escobar would steal tombstones and sell them to smugglers in Panama. From those devious roots, he entered the coca business in the 1970s, just as the U.S.'s obsession with the highly addictive drug began. Thanks to his ruthless ambition, Escobar built up Colombia's now infamous Medellin cartel into a powerful drug-trafficking enterprise that by the 1980s controlled more than 80% of cocaine shipped to the U.S., making him one of the 10 richest people in the world. After his death (he was gunned down at age 44 while on the run), books and movies shed light on just how lucrative his empire was. His son Juan Pablo Escobar (who changed his name to Sebastian Marroquin) said his father once burned some $2 million to keep himself and his daughter warm while they were on the lam. Another tale said Escobar once offered to pay off his country's $10 billion national debt. But his reign was not just lucrative: Escobar was also one of history's most violent criminals. The deaths of three Colombian presidential candidates, an attorney general, a Justice Minister, more than 200 judges, dozens of journalists, more than 1,000 police and countless ordinary citizens are all attributed to his rule.", "precise_score": 2.4541585445404053, "rough_score": 0.8250044584274292, "source": "search", "title": "Pablo Escobar - Top 10 Real-Life Mob Bosses - TIME" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "In the United States, the Organized Crime Control Act (1970) defines organized crime as \"[t]he unlawful activities of [...] a highly organized, disciplined association [...]\". Criminal activity as a structured process is referred to as racketeering. In the UK, police estimate that organized crime involves up to 38,000 people operating in 6,000 various groups. Due to the escalating violence of Mexico's drug war, a report issued by the United States Department of Justice characterizes the Mexican drug cartels as the \"greatest organized crime threat to the United States\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871145248413086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "\"Zones of transition\" are deteriorating neighborhoods with shifting populations. In such areas, conflict between groups, fighting, \"turf wars\", and theft promote solidarity and cohesion. Cohen (1955): working class teenagers joined gangs due to frustration of inability to achieve status and goals of the middle class; Cloward and Ohlin (1960): blocked opportunity, but unequal distribution of opportunities lead to creating different types of gangs (that is, some focused on robbery and property theft, some on fighting and conflict and some were retreatists focusing on drug taking); Spergel (1966) was one of the first criminologists to focus on evidence-based practice rather than intuition into gang life and culture. Klein (1971) like Spergel studied the effects on members of social workers’ interventions. More interventions actually lead to greater gang participation and solidarity and bonds between members. Downes and Rock (1988) on Parker’s analysis: strain theory applies, labeling theory (from experience with police and courts), control theory (involvement in trouble from early childhood and the eventual decision that the costs outweigh the benefits) and conflict theories. No ethnic group is more disposed to gang involvement than another, rather it is the status of being marginalized, alienated or rejected that makes some groups more vulnerable to gang formation, and this would also be accounted for in the effect of social exclusion, especially in terms of recruitment and retention. These may also be defined by age (typically youth) or peer group influences, and the permanence or consistency of their criminal activity. These groups also form their own symbolic identity or public representation which are recognizable by the community at large (include colors, symbols, patches, flags and tattoos).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271698951721191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Research has focused on whether the gangs have formal structures, clear hierarchies and leadership in comparison with adult groups, and whether they are rational in pursuit of their goals, though positions on structures, hierarchies and defined roles are conflicting. Some studied street gangs involved in drug dealing - finding that their structure and behavior had a degree of organizational rationality. Members saw themselves as organized criminals; gangs were formal-rational organizations, Strong organizational structures, well defined roles and rules that guided members’ behavior. Also a specified and regular means of income (i.e., drugs). Padilla (1992) agreed with the two above. However some have found these to be loose rather than well-defined and lacking persistent focus, there was relatively low cohesion, few shared goals and little organizational structure. Shared norms, value and loyalties were low, structures \"chaotic\", little role differentiation or clear distribution of labor. Similarly, the use of violence does not conform to the principles behind protection rackets, political intimidation and drug trafficking activities employed by those adult groups. In many cases gang members graduate from youth gangs to highly developed OC groups, with some already in contact with such syndicates and through this we see a greater propensity for imitation. Gangs and traditional criminal organizations cannot be universally linked (Decker, 1998), however there are clear benefits to both the adult and youth organization through their association. In terms of structure, no single crime group is archetypal, though in most cases there are well-defined patterns of vertical integration (where criminal groups attempt to control the supply and demand), as is the case in arms, sex and drug trafficking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214308738708496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Culture and ethnicity provide an environment where trust and communication between criminals can be efficient and secure. This may ultimately lead to a competitive advantage for some groups, however it is inaccurate to adopt this as the only determinant of classification in organized crime. This categorization includes the Sicilian Mafia, Jamaican posses, Colombian drug trafficking groups, Nigerian organized crime groups, Corsican mafia, Japanese Yakuza (or Boryokudan), Korean criminal groups and ethnic Chinese criminal groups. From this perspective, organized crime is not a modern phenomenon - the construction of 17th and 18th century crime gangs fulfill all the present day criteria of criminal organizations (in opposition to the Alien Conspiracy Theory). These roamed the rural borderlands of central Europe embarking on many of the same illegal activities associated with today’s crime organizations, with the exception of money laundering.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.172085762023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Activities of organized crime include loansharking of money at very high interest rates, assassination, blackmailing, bombings, bookmaking and illegal gambling, confidence tricks, copyright infringement, counterfeiting of intellectual property, fencing, kidnapping, prostitution, smuggling, drug trafficking, arms trafficking, oil smuggling, antiquities smuggling, organ trafficking, contract killing, identity document forgery, money laundering, point shaving, price fixing, illegal dumping of toxic waste, illegal trading of nuclear materials, military equipment smuggling, nuclear weapons smuggling, passport fraud, providing illegal immigration and cheap labor, people smuggling, trading in endangered species, and trafficking in human beings. Organized crime groups also do a range of business and labor racketeering activities, such as skimming casinos, insider trading, setting up monopolies in industries such as garbage collecting, construction and cement pouring, bid rigging, getting \"no-show\" and \"no-work\" jobs, political corruption and bullying.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.592097282409668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Organized crime groups generate large amounts of money by activities such as drug trafficking, arms smuggling and financial crime. This is of little use to them unless they can disguise it and convert it into funds that are available for investment into legitimate enterprise. The methods they use for converting its ‘dirty’ money into ‘clean’ assets encourages corruption. Organized crime groups need to hide the money’s illegal origin. It allows for the expansion of OC groups, as the ‘laundry’ or ‘wash cycle’ operates to cover the money trail and convert proceeds of crime into usable assets. Money laundering is bad for international and domestic trade, banking reputations and for effective governments and rule of law. Accurate figures for the amounts of criminal proceeds laundered are almost impossible to calculate, and the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), an intergovernmental body set up to combat money laundering, has stated that \"overall it is absolutely impossible to produce a reliable estimate of the amount of money laundered and therefore the FATF does not publish any figures in this regard\". However, in the US estimated figures of money laundering have been put at between $200 – $600 billion per year throughout the 1990s (US Congress Office 1995; Robinson 1996), and in 2002 this was estimated between $500 billion to $1 trillion per year (UN 2002). This would make organized crime the third largest business in world after foreign exchange and oil (Robinson 1996). The rapid growth of money laundering is due to:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19144344329834, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Political corruption is the use of legislated powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of government power for other purposes, such as repression of political opponents and general police brutality, is not considered political corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or corporations not directly involved with the government. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties. Forms of corruption vary, but include bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, patronage, graft, and embezzlement. While corruption may facilitate criminal enterprise such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and human trafficking, it is not restricted to these activities. The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or jurisdiction. For instance, certain political funding practices that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In some cases, government officials have broad or poorly defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning \"rule by thieves\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179476737976074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Drug trafficking", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274261474609375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The number of slaves today remains as high as 12 million to 27 million. This is probably the smallest proportion of slaves to the rest of the world's population in history. Most are debt slaves, largely in South Asia, who are under debt bondage incurred by lenders, sometimes even for generations. It is the fastest growing criminal industry and is predicted to eventually outgrow drug trafficking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373291969299316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Today criminal organizations are increasingly working together, realizing that it is better to work in cooperation rather than in competition with each other (once again, consolidating power). This has led to the rise of global criminal organizations such as Mara Salvatrucha and the 18th Street gang. The American Mafia, in addition to having links with organized crime groups in Italy such as the Camorra, the 'Ndrangheta, Sacra Corona Unita, and Sicilian Mafia, has at various times done business with the Irish Mob, Jewish-American organized crime, the Japanese Yakuza, the Russian Mafia, the Chinese Triads, and numerous black and Hispanic street gangs. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated that organized crime groups held $322 billion in assets in 2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.710868835449219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "This rise in cooperation between criminal organizations has meant that law enforcement agencies are increasingly having to work together. The FBI operates an organized crime section from its headquarters in Washington, D.C. and is known to work with other national (e.g., Polizia di Stato, Russian Federal Security Service (FSB), and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police), federal (e.g., Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Drug Enforcement Administration, United States Marshals Service, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, United States Secret Service, US Diplomatic Security Service, United States Postal Inspection Service, and the United States Coast Guard), state (e.g., Massachusetts State Police Special Investigation Unit, New Jersey State Police, Pennsylvania State Police, and the New York State Police Bureau of Criminal Investigation) and city (e.g., New York City Police Department Organized Crime Unit, Philadelphia Police Department Organized crime unit, Chicago Police Organized Crime Unit, and the Los Angeles Police Department Special Operations Division) law enforcement agencies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257253646850586, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Under this theory, organized crime exists because legitimate markets leave many customers and potential customers unsatisfied. High demand for a particular good or service (e.g., drugs, prostitution, arms, slaves), low levels of risk detection and high profits lead to a conducive environment for entrepreneurial criminal groups to enter the market and profit by supplying those goods and services. For success, there must be:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.261141777038574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Criminals violate the law because they belong to a unique subculture - the counter-culture - their values and norms conflicting with those of the working-, middle- or upper-classes upon which criminal laws are based. This subculture shares an alternative lifestyle, language and culture, and is generally typified by being tough, taking care of their own affairs and rejecting government authority. Role models include drug dealers, thieves and pimps, as they have achieved success and wealth not otherwise available through socially-provided opportunities. It is through modeling organized crime as a counter-cultural avenue to success that such organizations are sustained. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.299792289733887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Organized crime" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Escobar eventually became involved in many criminal activities with Oscar Benel Aguirre — running petty street scams, selling contraband cigarettes and fake lottery tickets, and stealing cars. In the early 1970s, he was a thief and bodyguard, and allegedly made $100,000 by kidnapping and ransoming a Medellín executive before entering the drug trade. His next step on the ladder was to become a millionaire by working for contraband smuggler Alvaro Prieto. Escobar's childhood ambition was to become a millionaire by the time he was 22.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.270262718200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Established drug network ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.458728790283203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "While seen as an enemy of the United States and Colombian governments, Escobar was a hero to many in Medellín (especially the poor people); he was a natural at public relations and he worked to create goodwill among the poor people of Colombia. A lifelong sports fan, he was credited with building football fields and multi-sports courts, as well as sponsoring children's football teams. Escobar was responsible for the construction of many hospitals, schools and churches in western Colombia, which gained him popularity inside the local Roman Catholic Church. He worked hard to cultivate his Robin Hood image, and frequently distributed money through housing projects and other civic activities, which gained him notable popularity among the poor. The population of Medellín often helped Escobar by serving as lookouts, hiding information from the authorities, or doing whatever else they could to protect him. At the height of his power, drug traffickers from Medellín and other areas were handing over between 20% and 35% of their Colombian cocaine-related profits to Escobar, because he was the one who shipped the cocaine successfully to the US.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.275710105895996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration of César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels. Eventually, the government negotiated with Escobar, convincing him to surrender and cease all criminal activity in exchange for a reduced sentence and preferential treatment during his captivity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.390289306640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Declaring an end to a series of previous violent acts meant to pressure authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities in 1991. Before he gave himself up, the extradition of Colombian citizens had been prohibited by the newly approved Colombian Constitution of 1991; this was controversial, as it was suspected that Escobar and other drug lords had influenced members of the Constituent Assembly. Escobar was confined in what became his own luxurious private prison, La Catedral. Accounts of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began to surface in the media. When the government found out that Escobar was still operating his drug business from within La Catedral, it attempted to move him to a more conventional jail on 22 July 1992. Escobar's influence allowed him to discover the plan in advance and make a well-timed escape. He was still worried that he could be extradited to the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.527190208435059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Members of the Search Bloc, and also of Colombian and United States intelligence agencies, in their efforts to find and punish Escobar, either colluded with Los Pepes or moonlighted as both Search Bloc and Los Pepes simultaneously. This coordination was allegedly conducted mainly through the sharing of intelligence in order to allow Los Pepes to bring down Escobar and his few remaining allies, but there are reports that some individual Search Bloc members directly participated in missions of the Los Pepes death squads. One of the leaders of Los Pepes was Diego Murillo Bejarano (also known as \"Don Berna\"), a former Medellín Cartel associate who became a drug kingpin and eventually emerged as a leader of one of the most powerful factions within the AUC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.564688682556152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "In August 2009, Vallejo testified in the case of Luis Carlos Galán's assassination, which had also been reopened. She also accused several politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe, of having links to the drug cartels. Uribe denied Vallejo's allegations. On 3 June 2010, Vallejo was granted political asylum in the United States of America.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.040513038635254, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "* Animal Planet aired a documentary called Drug Kingpin Hippos that featured Escobar, although the real subject was one of his illegally imported hippopotami that was running amok.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.117546081542969, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "* In the NCIS episode \"Deliverance\" (2009), it is implied that NCIS Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs killed a Colombian drug lord in 1992–93 and was wounded in Colombia. It is not mentioned if the drug lord was Escobar, but it is strongly implied that it was either the killing of Escobar, or a similar situation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.539119243621826, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "* In the on-rails shooter game, Resident Evil: The Darkside Chronicles (2009), the main antagonist, Javier Hidalgo, seems to be based on Pablo Escobar. Both were drug lords, had a daughter called Manuela, possessed a personal militia, had a \"mini\" zoo of exotic animals (Escobar had a collection of African animals, and Javier had a \"collection\" of B.O.Ws (Bio Organic Weapons)), had the population under their control, and shared the same fate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6172258853912354, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "* Rapper Nas often refers to himself as \"Nas Escobar\" where he raps about selling drugs and about enjoying a lifestyle similar to Pablo Escobar's. This can be heard often on his mafioso rap sophomore album It Was Written (1996).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.759674072265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "There are also several narcocorridos (drug ballads) about Pablo Escobar; see list of songs about Pablo Escobar (Spanish).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.864030838012695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pablo Escobar" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "[Pablo] Escobar's biography from the 1987 inaugural Forbes Billionaires issue reads like a how-to guide for ambitious, P.R.-savvy entrepreneurs: from a lowly position as smuggler, enforcer and bodyguard, Escobar worked his way to the top, first by saving enough money to invest in his own cocaine business. By 1978, Escobar was moving about 35 kilos of coke a month out of Medellin. He took over a Medellin newspaper, became influential in politics, and successfully ran for public office. He built houses for the poor, soccer fields, and a zoo for the public. Eventually, he was indicted on charges of cocaine marketing, money laundering, and contract killing. In 1987, Escobar controlled an estimated 40% of the Medellin drug cartel's business, and had accumulated at least $3 billion over the years, Forbes reported. Escobar remained on the Forbes Billionaires List for seven years, appearing for the final time in the July 1993 Billionaires issue. Five months later he was killed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7935352325439453, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "When the Escobars ran out of banks in which to store their fortune they resorted to hiding cash in homes, ranches and warehouses and burying it in the ground. Roberto has written the organization spent as much as $2,500 each month just on rubber bands to hold together the endless stacks of money and that much of the fortune – they wrote off 10% each year to spoilage – was lost to rot and rats. Much of the cash, according to Roberto, has never been retrieved since Pablo's December 2, 1993 death on the roof of his home, either from a hail of law enforcement bullets or at his own hand – the stories differ depending on the source. Roberto says Pablo had long insisted 'a grave in Colombia is better than a prison in the US' and intended to kill himself rather than being extradited to the US on murder and drug trafficking charges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.948085308074951, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "As chief accountant with intimate knowledge of the cartel's financial details, Roberto described in The Accountant's Story the inner workings of their drug trafficking empire. The costs of maintaining their extensive multinational cocaine smuggling operation – including a fleet of airplanes and helicopters, private airstrips, mini-submarines, a virtual army of henchmen, bribery at every level, rewards given out for killing police officers and the cost of assassins – were enormous. Pablo also indulged in a luxurious lifestyle that included mansions and apartments throughout the country and even a private zoo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.631278038024902, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Roberto Escobar's The Accountant's Story has been described in the LA Times as similar to a \"narcocorrido, a ballad sung to danceable Norteno-style music with lyrics that romanticize the drug trade. It's a hugely popular genre, and embattled officials in the violence-ravaged Mexican state of Baja California have gone so far as to keep the songs off the airwaves there. The Accountant's Story: Inside the Violent World of the Medellin Cartel is the literary equivalent of a narcocorrido – without the redeeming virtue of a catchy, polka-inflected beat.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.821108341217041, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Founded in 1616, Medellin is the second-largest city in Colombia with a population of approximately 2.4 million living in 147 sq miles, part of a larger district of over 3.5 million residents. This beautiful city is in the Aburra Valley, which lies in the northernmost Andes Mountains in the northwest area of Colombia. In 2013 the city won the \"City of the Year\" award, having been chosen as the most innovative city in the world following stunning advances in all areas of life since the devastating drug wars, by the Urban Land Institute, Citi Financial Group and the Wall Street Journal Magazine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93150520324707, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: When I was finishing my studies, I received a teaching position and at the same time, a minister (who was an investor in a pharmaceutical company called Drogerias Aliadas [Allied Drugstores]) offered me a job. The company used to produce most of the medicines used in the country, and there I learned a great deal about medicine. Then I went to work for a company called Mora Hermanos, who sponsored my first cycling competition in Colombia. I competed in two Tours of Colombia, and I was the youngest cyclist to ever compete. That was in 1965 [Roberto won the Colombian national championship that year, the national championship of Bolivia in 1966, and achieved 37 victories in one year], and I was 17, almost 18. I later competed in international competitions and received a gold medal in the Pan-American Games.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.662539958953857, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Roberto has been jailed twice. The first time, from 1991-92, he and his brother Pablo turned themselves in to the government just after the country banned extraditions, in exchange for reduced jail time. The US was heavily pressuring Colombia to extradite Pablo Escobar to the US to face murder and drug trafficking charges. LatinAmericanHistory.about.com describes the situation and conditions under which both Pablo and Roberto first were incarcerated:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.0478692054748535, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "According to Harvey F. Kline in his book, Historical Dictionary of Colombia (2012), \"Many criminals from the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC), the Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional (ELN), the Medellin cartel, and the Cali cartel have been imprisoned [at Itigui prison].\" In the years since Escobar's imprisonment the prison has been utilized to hold numerous drug lords and paramilitary forces members.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.694390773773193, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: I imagine they were concerned about many things. In the first place, because of the drug use within the U.S.; secondly, because of the money that was being brought into the country; and thirdly, because the business started involving politics, and that created problems for the U.S, Colombia and all the world – basically corruption, among other problems.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.749431610107422, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Correct. The war on drugs is now considered by many to be a total failure. Would you agree with that?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453612327575684, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: But prohibition has never worked. All it does is make a black market blacker, whether it's marijuana or cocaine or alcohol. If the demand is there, people will supply it, and they're making unfathomable sums of money primarily because it is made illegal by the government, which drives up prices and leads to rampant corruption and underworld violence. When I say the war on drugs is a failure I mean it hasn't stopped the appetite for drugs in the United States or around the world and the violence and corruptions still exists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.613696098327637, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: The war on drugs doesn't stop the demand, but it can stop the corruption and the casualties of the drug dealing business. But there is something to pay attention to: When something is prohibited, people want it even more. And if you're addicted to cigarettes, alcohol or drugs, you'll look for your fix. For example, I don't use tobacco or alcohol or drugs, just the medicines prescribed by my doctor. But I don't like any of those things.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.744513511657715, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Civil libertarians believe that personal responsibility is most important, and that everyone is responsible for what they do with their lives – what they do, what they eat, what they ingest, where they work, why they do what they do – and education, starting with children, is the only way to stop the use of substances that are harmful, alcohol included. Would you agree that education is the way to enhance personal responsibility when it comes to drugs?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.444780349731445, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: The first thing the world needs to do is teach the youth. Prepare them to say no to drugs, or alcohol or tobacco or things that are harmful. But there is something worse: chemicals used to grow food, used in the raising of chickens, all those things that are harmful and that we consume everyday. If we keep going this way, cancer will never be stopped, because we are all being infected everyday. That's even more dangerous than drugs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.552717208862305, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: So you would agree that it is somewhat hypocritical that we have governments involved in prohibiting the ingestion of certain drugs, and at the same time we have large conglomerates like Monsanto engineering genetically modified foods that have all kinds of purported side effects and problems for human beings? Is it hypocritical?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353185653686523, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: Well, corruption exists all over the world. But the truth is I have no knowledge of the topic, so I can't discuss it. The only thing I know is that we are all suffering the consequences of harmful chemicals and that we must find a healthier lifestyle. I think the most important problems are those: the quality of our environment, the use of harmful chemicals and the abuse of harmful drugs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.068159103393555, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The group later threatened and was believed to have killed many suspected Escobar associates. It also was considered responsible for destroying some of the drug cartel owner's properties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.08638858795166, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: There is scientific proof of that. Marijuana has its medicinal benefits. I think that is the basis of its legalization. I agree with it. The damage is done not only by the drug, but the profits of the business that corrupt the different branches of power: police, politics, banks, etc., all the people linked to the product.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.319584846496582, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: It's less addictive than any other drugs. Legalization is the future. There are states in the U.S. where it's already legalized – Colorado and Washington. It's legal in Uruguay, too. I do think marijuana used for medicinal purposes should not be grown using harmful chemicals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.851612091064453, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The Controlled Substances Act, passed by the US Congress in 1970 as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 and signed into law by President Richard Nixon, is the United States federal drug policy which guides the possession, use, distribution, manufacture and importation of specific substances. It created five classifications of substances, referred to as Schedules. Determination of which substances are placed on or removed from the schedules is accomplished by the Drug Enforcement Administration and the Food and Drug Administration, and Congress has the ability to schedule or deschedule substances. The definition of a Schedule I drug is found at 21 U.S. Code § 812:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330754280090332, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "(A) The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434501647949219, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "(B) The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391348838806152, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "(C) There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.339011192321777, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Can you share a little humorous laugh with the irony of the situation, with all the pressure that was put on this country for all these years, that Colombia could actually in the future be a leading exporter of marijuana to the very country that was funding the war on drugs?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.150923728942871, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Back in the early 1900s you could actually buy cocaine. And, of course, it also became persecuted during the war on drugs. Do you see a time when prohibition will end, and the policies on cocaine will be relaxed? Do you think it will help reduce the crime? I know some politicians like Alvaro Uribe and others have been outspoken about the fact that prisons are filled with people that have done nothing except harm themselves and it's not doing any good to them to be in prison. Do you think that, in time, personal use and consumption of cocaine, like marijuana, like alcohol, will end up being deregulated, as is the case of marijuana today?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.203716278076172, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Correct. Do you think people should be incarcerated for the personal use of drugs? Do you think it's a crime in itself?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.441585540771484, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto Escobar: Not necessarily, not for just the act of taking drugs. Some people use drugs and don't become violent; some others use drugs and are violent. It's like anything else. People should be accountable for the crimes they commit whether on drugs or not.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.278401374816895, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The talks, being held in Cuba, with Norway and Cuba as guarantors, with support from the governments of Venezuela and Chile, include six items on the agenda: land reform, political participation, drug trafficking, rights of victims, disarmament of the rebels and implementation of the peace deal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.798102378845215, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Well, a good first step is legalizating drugs, in our opinion – all drugs. Do you think the trade of cocaine in Colombia has been stifled or is it the same as it always was, with smaller players geographically dispersed? Has the business decreased or has it simply moved elsewhere, to Mexico, for example? In other words, is the cumulative business still there supplying worldwide consumer demand for cocaine?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.939018249511719, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: So the supply is still there – despite the war on drugs?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.445838928222656, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Anthony Wile: Is this making the war on drugs more difficult to police?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48697566986084, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "The show quickly became the most popular television show ever in Colombia. It captured 70.8% of the market share in Colombia, an all-time record. Following other television series about Escobar, this series was produced by relatives of two victims of the cartel – an anti-drugs presidential candidate and a former head of El Espectador, the newspaper that had in 1983 revealed that newly elected congressman Pablo Escobar was a drug trafficker. The show's budget was $10 million for 60 episodes, according to Hollywood Reporter .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.7711591720581055, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "[I]n a country that is still waging a painful and bloody war against the cocaine trade, not everybody approves of giving a drug lord such top billing. Colombia has tried hard to overcome the association with drugs and violence it earned during the Escobar era. There are fears his rags-to-riches story could inspire a new generation of drug traffickers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.53345775604248, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Roberto, of course, is specially placed to speak about the failed war on drugs. And like many others who have firsthand experience with the war on drugs, he understands the basic futility of the current approach and speaks to the ramifications in a logical and even eloquent way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146978378295898, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "Mr. Escobar also makes the practical point that along with the inevitable legalization of marijuana –­ and potentially many other drugs as well ­– ought to come some form of education. He doesn't make any firm distinctions about where that education should come from, but presumably parents should be involved as well as educators. That's certainly our thought anyway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.295564651489258, "source": "search", "title": "Roberto Escobar on Colombia's Cocaine History, Pablo ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The Oficina de Envigado is a crime syndicate originally founded by Pablo Escobar and later inherited by “ Don Berna ,” a paramilitary drug lord who was part of the vigilante group that helped kill Escobar. Following Don Berna’s extradition to the U.S., the fight over the leadership of the Oficina killed thousands and ended with Sebastian controlling most of the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7724409103393555, "source": "search", "title": "Police arrest brother of Medellin crime boss - Colombia News" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Cardenas, known as “Sebastian,” headed the Oficina de Envigado (Envigado Office), a powerful mafia that emerged from the criminal networks of Escobar’s Medellin cartel. Since his arrest, the city has been buzzing with speculation about what will become of the criminal dynasty founded by the world’s most famous drug lord.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.231198310852051, "source": "search", "title": "Colombia’s Medellin cartel undergoing transformation ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "In the cartel’s heyday, drug money flowed into Medellin so quickly it was weighed, not counted. “It was like a boom — youths would one day suddenly show up with a motorbike, expensive clothes and prostitutes,” said Sergio Patiño, a Medellin native who witnessed the transformation of the city as Escobar laid the groundwork for the criminal empire that today is run by the Oficina.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.980146408081055, "source": "search", "title": "Colombia’s Medellin cartel undergoing transformation ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Don Berna combined his position as Medellin drug lord with a new role as an AUC commander. He led a Medellin-based paramilitary unit into successive urban wars, first to drive out the guerrillas’ urban militias, then to destroy paramilitary rivals who had questioned his criminal operations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191838264465332, "source": "search", "title": "Colombia’s Medellin cartel undergoing transformation ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "In 2008, the Colombian authorities changed tack and extradited Don Berna to face drug charges in the United States after he had been arrested in connection with the murder of a local politician. His departure sparked the decline in the Oficina that has left it fractured and vulnerable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.877445220947266, "source": "search", "title": "Colombia’s Medellin cartel undergoing transformation ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "This latest war left Medellin divided and Sebastian without major international drug trafficking contacts, which had been controlled by his rival. The combos tried to make up the difference in income by ramping up street-level drug dealing, extortion, gambling and prostitution. Some of the bigger gangs began to source cocaine base outside the city, which they could process into powder to turn a huge profit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.973076820373535, "source": "search", "title": "Colombia’s Medellin cartel undergoing transformation ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Since the end of the war between Sebastian and Valenciano, the Urabeños have been quietly surrounding Medellin, assuming control of the key drug corridors while making incursions into strategic neighbourhoods inside the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20496940612793, "source": "search", "title": "Colombia’s Medellin cartel undergoing transformation ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Sinatra may have been famous notorious for his connections with the underworld — in fact, Johnny Fontane in The Godfather was supposed to be a dead ringer for Ol’ Blue Eyes — but isn’t it a bit beyond the pale to suggest that our Frank was in bed with the most famous drug dealer of them all?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.615612983703613, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Marroquin dropped the bombshell about the Rat Pack leader in an interview with well-respected Brazilian newspaper O Estado de Sao Paulo and claimed that Sinatra is not the only famous singer with ties to drug trafficking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180301666259766, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "“There are more singers than you can imagine that began their careers thanks to the sponsorship of drug traffickers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.483317375183105, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Anticipating that some may find his claims about Sinatra outlandish and somewhat unbelievable, Marroquin then goes on to slam the hypocrisy in America surrounding the drug trade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293646812438965, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "“Drugs cartels only exist below Mexico’s border with the United States. Where is the Miami cartel? Or the New York cartel? Who is the head of the Chicago or Los Angeles cartels?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424545288085938, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "“Each kilo of cocaine that enters the United States is converted into eight with the help of poison. There’s a great amount of hypocrisy when it comes to drugs.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.388933181762695, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Marroquin is not the first to indicate Sinatra’s possible association with Escobar. In 2009, the drug lord’s brother Roberto Escobar wrote a book entitled The Accountant’s Story, which claimed that he and Pablo both dined with Sinatra when on holiday in Las Vegas. Although he claims they were introduced to Sinatra as real estate developers, Roberto insisted it was a great honor to meet the singer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.634735107421875, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Can there be any truth in 38-year-old Marroquin’s claim that Sinatra was a key figure in his father’s massive drug empire?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491557121276855, "source": "search", "title": "Mafia Son Claims Frank Sinatra Was Drug Lord Pablo Escobar ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart | World news | The Guardian", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.518441200256348, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.059195518493652, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "With the area secured, a young man in a designer T-shirt and baseball cap emerges on to the roof terrace, followed by his lieutenant. Javier is a trafficker with Colombia's longest-surviving drug cartel, the Envigado Office , but he describes his work in matter-of-fact terms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740901947021484, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "\"The Office controls the illegal businesses in Medellín. Its main businesses are extortion, hired killings, the traffic in arms and drugs,\" he says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.143877983093262, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The heavy security is soon explained: Javier fears his cartel – and his home city – may be on the brink of another drug war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.290882110595703, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Colombia was supposed to have overcome its bloody history. Over the last decade, the government has pushed leftist rebels back into jungles, overseen the demobilisation of tens of thousands of illegal far-right militia fighters and taken down various drug capos.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.719122886657715, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Named after a neighbourhood of Medellin, the Office was originally a group of hitmen acting for Pablo Escobar's cartel. After Escobar's death in 1993, the Office was taken over by a former ally turned bitter rival of Escobar, Diego Murillo, known as Don Berna, who cemented control over Medellín and moved the organisation deeper into drug-trafficking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.251371383666992, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "\"Many people know that the government won't act as it should, it won't help the people in what they need. Many people come to us to collect money, debts on cars, debts for drugs, basically anything,\" says Javier.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377856254577637, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "After his conviction, the then head of the US Drug Enforcement Administration said: \"American and Colombian communities are safer with the removal of this notorious drug kingpin.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.205917358398438, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The Urabeños sprang up after the peace deal with the far-right paramilitaries. While the main militia leaders were jailed alongside Don Berna, most of the mid-range commanders – those who had been running the day-to-day cocaine operations – were free. Many of these commanders reorganised their old outfits, recruited other demobilised fighters, and returned to drug‑running.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.247781753540039, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "Drugs", "passage": "\"Many Colombians are moving over to Mexico to firm up relations,\" says Javier. \"We get our guns from there and they get the drugs from us.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.462553977966309, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "But observers say cracking down on the Office will not be enough to keep the peace in Medellín. Jesús Sánchez, who heads the human rights office for the city's ombudsman, says the local government must offer legal alternatives to the legions of hitmen who would fight any drug war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.270040512084961, "source": "search", "title": "New drug gang wars blow Colombian city's revival apart ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Extradition to stand trial in the U.S., long the biggest fear of Colombian drug traffickers, could now be a softer option, offering shorter jail terms and even impunity to criminals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.7085599899292, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The prospect of extradition was hated and feared by Colombia’s criminals. In foreign jails, as well as being far from their families, they would be unable to exercise the kind of influence that they might in Colombia’s weak and corrupt justice system. But according to a report in Colombian newspaper El Tiempo, Colombian criminals are increasingly chosing not to fight extradition. One reason for this, according to the paper, is that the time spent opposing the process, often two years, does not count towards their sentence in the U.S., so the legal battle could simply lengthen the time they spend in prison. Another reason given by lawyers who spoke to El Tiempo is that, if prisoners choose not to fight extradition, they have a better chance of gaining concessions by cooperating with U.S. justice, as they can offer up-to-date knowledge of drug trafficking activities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.64758014678955, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "This kind of bargaining — providing intelligence about their associates and trafficking business — can allow high-level drug traffickers to gain major shortening of their sentences. This has garnered a fair amount of criticism in Colombia. In addition, paramilitary leaders who have committed serious human rights violations, responsible for ordering massacres and torture, face only drug trafficking charges in the U.S. It may be easier for paramilitaries to make beneficial deals with the U.S., as the authorities in that country would not face public pressure to punish these men in the same way that Colombian authorities would.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.354968070983887, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Most notorious was the surprise extradition of fourteen of the biggest paramilitary leaders, who had surrendered to Colombian justice via the peace accords made between the government and the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia – AUC) in the mid 2000s. The stated reason was the commanders’ failure to cooperate fully with the peace process and end their drug trafficking activities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.871849060058594, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The question now is how useful extradition remains as a judicial tool in Colombia, with some signs that it is increasingly employed for political ends. A clear example is the case of Walid Makled, a confessed drug trafficker who was captured in Colombia in 2010. Both Venezuela and the U.S. requested his extradition, but after some months of delay Colombia’s President Juan Manuel Santos plumped for Venezuela. Santos’ government has given various explanations for this decision, including that Venezuela handed their request in first. But it seems likely that Bogota judged it more politically expedient to build ties with their neighbor, in the hopes of gaining further cooperation in rebuilding trade ties and security cooperation fractured under the watch of former President Alvaro Uribe. Given the growing presence of Mexican drug trafficking organizations on Colombian soil, Colombia’s recently-negotiated extradition treaty with that country raises the possibility of more cases like Makled’s in the future, where the government’s loyalties may be divided.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.487338066101074, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Alleged Mexican Drug Kingpin ‘La Barbie’ Seeks Extradition to U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.046074867248535, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Edgar Valdez Villareal, a U.S.-born alleged drug lord who was captured in Mexico last week, wants to return to his roots in Texas to face trial rather than stay in a Mexican jail, his lawyer said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233551979064941, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Valdez, called “La Barbie” in Mexico for his green eyes and sandy colored hair, has a reputation for beheading opponents in Mexico’s violent drug wars. He fears that he will get killed in a Mexican prison, according to Kent Schaffer, his Houston-based lawyer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.956563949584961, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Schaffer asked U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Carlos Pascual to appeal to the Mexican government to deport Valdez to the U.S., where he faces charges of drug trafficking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.676848411560059, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "The deportation request is an unusual one in the history of Latin American drug trafficking. In the 1980s, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar led a bombing campaign against the government there partly to avoid being sent to the U.S. More recently, scores of Mexican drug traffickers have been forcibly extradited to the U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.0435028076171875, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Valdez, 37 years old, is the first major suspected Mexican drug lord captured alive since his former boss, Arturo Beltran Leyva, known as the “Boss of Bosses,” was killed in a gunbattle with Mexican marines in December. Ignacio Coronel, a leading figure in the Sinaloa Cartel, died in a gunfight with Mexican soldiers in July.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.413269996643066, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Since Valdez has worked with most of Mexico’s top drug barons, including the country’s most powerful trafficker, Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán, he could provide officials with valuable intelligence, analysts say.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.123895645141602, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Valdez’s deportation would raise the possibility that the alleged drug lord could cut a deal for a reduced sentence with U.S. authorities in exchange for information.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379820823669434, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Two weeks ago, José Luis Carrizales, who like Valdez was an alleged enforcer for the Sinaloa cartel, was killed just hours after being transferred to the penitentiary in the border city of Nuevo Laredo, which is largely controlled by a rival drug gang known as the Zetas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.72065544128418, "source": "search", "title": "pablo escobar | International Extradition Lawyers" }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "Vásquez is also one of the few surviving members of the cartel’s upper ranks, which likely gives him a unique perspective on the havoc that the drug war wreaks on countries, their governments, and their people.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.281904220581055, "source": "search", "title": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "According to Popeye, the recent escape of Mexican drug kingpin Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzmán — like Pablo Escobar’s flight from justice — has undermined his country’s institutions and the administration of Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.083255767822266, "source": "search", "title": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is ..." }, { "answer": "DRUG", "passage": "In a Pew poll conducted before Guzmán’s escape, just 35% of Mexicans said that the president was managing the battle against organized crime and drug gangs well, down from 53% in 2014. Only 39% said his administration was making progress against drug traffickers — down from 45% last year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.12183666229248, "source": "search", "title": "Drug kingpin Pablo Escobar’s chief assassin: El Chapo is ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Charles Milles Manson (born Charles Milles Maddox, November 12, 1934) is an American criminal who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in the California desert in the late 1960s. Manson and his followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations over a period of five weeks in the summer of 1969. In 1971 he was found guilty of conspiracy to commit the murders of seven people — most notably of the actress Sharon Tate — all of which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction. He is currently serving nine concurrent life sentences at Corcoran State Prison in Corcoran, California.", "precise_score": 6.597413063049316, "rough_score": 7.4007720947265625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered", "precise_score": 5.13455867767334, "rough_score": 5.193227291107178, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered", "precise_score": 5.13455867767334, "rough_score": 5.193227291107178, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered", "precise_score": 5.13455867767334, "rough_score": 5.193227291107178, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "On this day in 1969, the 26-year-old actress Sharon Tate, the pregnant wife of acclaimed movie director Roman Polanski (Rosemary’s Baby, Chinatown), is found murdered along with four other people at her Los Angeles home. The gruesome crime, in which the killers scrawled messages on the walls with the victims’ blood, sent Hollywood into a state of panic. The career criminal and cult leader Charles Manson and his followers, who lived together on the outskirts of L.A. in a commune where drug use and orgies were common, were later convicted for the murders.", "precise_score": 8.14111042022705, "rough_score": 8.870040893554688, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "More than four decades ago, the 1969 murder of pregnant actress Sharon Tate and four others in Los Angeles by Charles Manson and \"the family,\" as his followers were called, shocked the nation. The killings were part of a series of nine murders that took place over five weeks in California.", "precise_score": 9.116317749023438, "rough_score": 9.783830642700195, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Krenwinkel is one of three followers of Charles Manson convicted of killing Sharon Tate who is still living. She confessed that she stabbed one of the victims, Abigail Folger, to death. She is the longest-incarcerated female in the California prison system along with Leslie Van Houten.", "precise_score": 8.176786422729492, "rough_score": 9.5825777053833, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Although she did not participate in the murder of Sharon Tate, she aided in the slaying of Leno and Rosemary LaBianca on August 10, 1969, a day after the murder of a pregnant actress actress Sharon Tate and four others.", "precise_score": 2.7384181022644043, "rough_score": 4.580794811248779, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In 1969, pregnant actress Sharon Tate was found horrifically murdered along with four other people at her home in Los Angeles. Charles Manson and his followers were found guilty of the brutal crime that shook the nation. Look back at the shocking murder and what ensued.", "precise_score": 9.022261619567871, "rough_score": 9.88821029663086, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson convicted of murder 45 years ago" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's planned marriage to 26-year-old is 'ludicrous'", "precise_score": 6.313470840454102, "rough_score": 4.404184818267822, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "FILE - In this June 5, 2013 file photo, Debra Tate speaks about her sister, actress Sharon Tate, who was killed by the Manson family, during a parole hearing for former Manson family member, Leslie Van Houten at the California Institution for Women in Chino, Calif. Tate, who acts as a spokeswoman for the families of Manson's victims, said the impending marriage of Charles Manson is \"ludicrous.\" \"I think it's insane,\" she said. \"What would any young woman in her right mind want with an 80-year-old man?\" As for Manson's motives, she said, \"The devil is alive and well.\" (AP Photo/Nick Ut, File)  (The Associated Press)", "precise_score": 8.318090438842773, "rough_score": 8.701144218444824, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "FILE -- In a Sept. 2, 2009 file photo Debra Tate, sister of slain Sharon Tate, speaks during a parole hearing for Manson follower Susan Atkins at the Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla, Calif. Tate, whose pregnant sister Sharon was slain in 1969 by the murderous followers of Charles Manson, has spent much of her life trying to divert attention from the cult leader and keep him in prison. Manson, now 80, plans to marry a 26-year-old woman who moved from the Midwest years ago to be near him. Tate calls the development \"ludicrous\" and \"insane,\" but says she is not surprised. (AP Photo/Ben Margot/Pool, File)  (The Associated Press)", "precise_score": 6.824064254760742, "rough_score": 7.4888458251953125, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "LOS ANGELES –  Debra Tate, whose pregnant sister Sharon was slain in 1969 by the murderous followers of Charles Manson, has spent much of her life trying to divert attention from the cult leader and keep him in prison.", "precise_score": 8.678991317749023, "rough_score": 8.563714981079102, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "It has been more than four decades since the murder of Sharon Tate and four others at the Los Angeles home of Tate and her husband, director Roman Polanski. The murders led to the arrest and trial of Charles Manson along with his followers, who physically committed the crimes.", "precise_score": 7.105839729309082, "rough_score": 8.187116622924805, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "This 1969 mugshot shows Manson soon after the murder of actress Sharon Tate.", "precise_score": 8.27990436553955, "rough_score": 8.512569427490234, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "August 8-9, 1969 - At Manson's command, a small group of his most ardent followers brutally murder five people at the Benedict Canyon home of director Roman Polanski, near Hollywood. The victims are Polanski's pregnant wife, actress Sharon Tate, writer Wojciech Frykowski, coffee heiress Abigail Folger and celebrity hair stylist Jay Sebring. Also killed is Steven Parent, who was a friend of the family's gardener. The murders are committed by followers Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, and Patricia Krenwinkel. Linda Kasabian accompanies them as a lookout.", "precise_score": 7.962421894073486, "rough_score": 9.204334259033203, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "November 6, 1969 - Manson Family member Susan Atkins, already charged in the murder of Gary Hinman, tells inmate Virginia Castro that she killed Sharon Tate, \"Because we wanted to do a crime that would shock the world, that the world would have to stand up and take notice.\"", "precise_score": 7.609763145446777, "rough_score": 7.976841926574707, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "December 8, 1969 - Manson, Watson, Atkins, Krenwinkel and Kasabian are indicted for the murders of Sharon Tate and her friends. The grand jury also indicts the five, plus Van Houten, for the LaBianca murders.", "precise_score": 7.137932777404785, "rough_score": 6.227954864501953, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Actress Sharon Tate has been found brutally murdered in her Los Angeles home, along with three high-society friends and a fifth, as yet un-named, victim.", "precise_score": 4.426651954650879, "rough_score": 5.626141548156738, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1969: Film star stabbed in ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "The sister of Sharon Tate, the actress murdered by followers of Charles Manson during a brutal two-day rampage across Los Angeles in 1969, had hoped to see California Gov. Jerry Brown in person on Monday.", "precise_score": 9.206745147705078, "rough_score": 10.24109172821045, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Manson believed in what he called \"Helter Skelter\", a term he took from the Beatles' song of the same name. Manson believed Helter Skelter to be an impending apocalyptic race war, which he described in his own version of the lyrics to the Beatles' song. He believed the murders would help precipitate that war. From the beginning of his notoriety, a pop culture arose around him in which he ultimately became an emblem of insanity, violence and the macabre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.079029083251953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Several statements in Manson's 1953 case file from the seven months he would later spend at the National Training School for Boys in Washington, D.C., allude to the possibility that \"Colonel Scott\" was black. These include the first two sentences of his family background section, which read: \"Father: unknown. He is alleged to have been a colored cook by the name of Scott, with whom Charles's mother had been promiscuous at the time of pregnancy.\" When asked about these official records by attorney Vincent Bugliosi in 1971, Manson emphatically denied that his biological father had black ancestry. In addition, the 1920 and 1930 census list Colonel Scott and his father as white.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.308294773101807, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In Utah, the three were caught driving to California in cars they had stolen. They had robbed several filling stations along the way. For the federal crime of taking a stolen car across a state line, Manson was sent to Washington, D.C.'s National Training School for Boys. Despite four years of schooling and an I.Q. of 109 (later tested at age 21), he was illiterate. A caseworker deemed him aggressively antisocial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.799019813537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "After temporarily honoring a parole condition that he live with his aunt and uncle in West Virginia, Manson moved in with his mother in that same state. In January 1955, he married a hospital waitress named Rosalie Jean Willis, with whom, by his own account, he found genuine, if short-lived, marital happiness. He supported their marriage via small-time jobs and auto theft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.918314456939697, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Around October, about three months after he and his pregnant wife arrived in Los Angeles in a car he had stolen in Ohio, Manson was again charged with a federal crime for taking the vehicle across state lines. After a psychiatric evaluation, he was given five years' probation. His subsequent failure to appear at a Los Angeles hearing on an identical charge filed in Florida resulted in his March 1956 arrest in Indianapolis. His probation was revoked; he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment at Terminal Island, San Pedro, California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.77409553527832, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In July 1961, after a year spent unsuccessfully appealing the revocation of his probation, Manson was transferred from the Los Angeles County Jail to the United States Penitentiary at McNeil Island. There, he took guitar lessons from Barker-Karpis gang leader Alvin \"Creepy\" Karpis, and obtained a contact name of someone at Universal Studios in Hollywood from another inmate, Phil Kaufman. According to Jeff Guinn's 2013 biography of Manson, Charlie's mother Kathleen moved from California to Washington state to be closer to him during his McNeil Island incarceration, working nearby as a waitress.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5002601146698, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In June 1966, Manson was sent, for the second time in his life, to Terminal Island, in preparation for early release. By March 21, 1967, his release day, he had spent more than half of his 32 years in prisons and other institutions. This was mainly because he had broken a number of federal laws; then as now, federal sentences are much more severe than state sentences for many of the same offenses. Telling the authorities that prison had become his home, he requested permission to stay, a fact touched on in a 1981 television interview with Tom Snyder. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.308296203613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In June 1997, Manson was found to have been trafficking in drugs by a prison disciplinary committee. That August, he was moved from Corcoran State Prison to Pelican Bay State Prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.97158145904541, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In a 199899 interview in Seconds magazine, Bobby Beausoleil rejected the view that Manson ordered him to kill Gary Hinman. He stated Manson did come to Hinman's house and slash Hinman with a sword. In a 1981 interview with Oui magazine, he denied this. Beausoleil stated that when he read about the Tate murders in the newspaper, \"I wasn't even sure at that point – really, I had no idea who had done it until Manson's group were actually arrested for it. It had only crossed my mind and I had a premonition, perhaps. There was some little tickle in my mind that the killings might be connected with them ...\" In the Oui magazine interview, he had stated, \"When [the Tate-LaBianca murders] happened, I knew who had done it. I was fairly certain.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2741594314575195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "On September 5, 2007, MSNBC aired The Mind of Manson, a complete version of a 1987 interview at California's San Quentin State Prison. The footage of the \"unshackled, unapologetic, and unruly\" Manson had been considered \"so unbelievable\" that only seven minutes of it had originally been broadcast on The Today Show, for which it had been recorded. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.244317054748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In a January 2008 segment of the Discovery Channel's Most Evil, Barbara Hoyt said that the impression that she had accompanied Ruth Ann Moorehouse to Hawaii just to avoid testifying at Manson's trial was erroneous. Hoyt said she had cooperated with the Family because she was \"trying to keep them from killing my family.\" She stated that, at the time of the trial, she was \"constantly being threatened: 'Your family's gonna die. [The murders] could be repeated at your house. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1089116334915161, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "On March 15, 2008, the Associated Press reported that forensic investigators had conducted a search for human remains at Barker Ranch the previous month. Following up on longstanding rumors that the Family had killed hitchhikers and runaways who had come into its orbit during its time at Barker, the investigators identified \"two likely clandestine grave sites ... and one additional site that merits further investigation.\" Though they recommended digging, CNN reported on March 28 that the Inyo County sheriff, who questioned the methods they employed with search dogs, had ordered additional tests before any excavation. On 9 May, after a delay caused by damage to test equipment, the sheriff announced that test results had been inconclusive and that \"exploratory excavation\" would begin on 20 May. In the meantime, Tex Watson had commented publicly that \"no one was killed\" at the desert camp during the month-and-a-half he was there, after the Tate-LaBianca murders. On 21 May, after two days of work, the sheriff brought the search to an end; four potential gravesites had been dug up and had been found to hold no human remains. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581905364990234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In November 2009, a Los Angeles DJ and songwriter named released correspondence and other evidence indicating he may have been biologically fathered by Manson. Roberts' biological mother claims to have been a member of the Manson Family who left in the summer of 1967 after being raped by Manson; she returned to her parents' home to complete the pregnancy, gave birth on March 22, 1968, and subsequently put Roberts up for adoption. Manson himself has stated that he \"could\" be the father, acknowledging the biological mother and a sexual relationship with her during 1967; this was nearly two years before the Family began its murderous phase. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.190673828125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In 2010, the Los Angeles Times reported that Manson was caught with a cell phone in 2009, and had contacted people in California, New Jersey, Florida and British Columbia. A spokesperson for the California Department of Corrections stated that it was not known if Manson had used the phone for criminal purposes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.428181171417236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "A footnote to the conclusion of California v. Anderson, the 1972 decision that neutralized California's death sentences, stated, \"[A]ny prisoner now under a sentence of death … may file a petition for writ of habeas corpus in the superior court inviting that court to modify its judgment to provide for the appropriate alternative punishment of life imprisonment or life imprisonment without possibility of parole specified by statute for the crime for which he was sentenced to death.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.121374130249023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "His California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation inmate number at Corcoran State Prison is B33920. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209721565246582, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Bernardine Dohrn, a leader of the Weather Underground reportedly said about the Tate murders: \"Dig it, first they killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them, then they even shoved a fork into a victim's stomach. Wild!\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.319055557250977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Charles Manson" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.373143672943115, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Marie Tate was born January 24, 1943, in Dallas, Texas. She moved to Los Angeles in the early 1960s to pursue acting, eventually appearing in such films as Eye of the Devil (1966); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967), which was directed by Polanski; Valley of the Dolls (1967), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination; The Wrecking Crew (1969) and The Thirteen Chairs (1969).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.444766044616699, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Tate and Polanski were married in January 1968. The director was out of the country on the night of August 8, 1969, when Tate, who was due to give birth in a matter of weeks, and her friends, including the coffee heiress Abigail Folger and the celebrity hairstylist Jay Sebring, were shot or stabbed to death at Tate and Polanski’s rented home on Cielo Drive in Benedict Canyon. The Tate-Polanski home reportedly was chosen as a target because Manson had unsuccessfully attempted to get a recording deal from a producer who used to live there. Manson’s subsequent trial became a national spectacle, during which he exhibited bizarre, violent behavior. He was convicted and given the death penalty, a sentence that was commuted to life behind bars when the California Supreme Court overturned the death penalty law in 1972. Since his trial, Manson has become a criminal icon and the subject of numerous books and films, notably the bestselling 1974 true crime book Helter Skelter, co-authored by Vincent Bugliosi, the Los Angeles County assistant district attorney who successfully prosecuted Manson and his followers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5594346523284912, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In 1977, Polanski became embroiled in controversy after he pled guilty to engaging in unlawful sex with a 13-year-old girl and later fled the United States to avoid a possible prison sentence. The director continued to make movies, but has not returned to America, where he could be arrested. At the 2002 Academy Awards, Polanski was awarded the Best Director Oscar in absentia for his wrenching Holocaust-era film The Pianist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.472551345825195, "source": "search", "title": "Actress Sharon Tate found murdered - Aug 09, 1969 ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In 1971, Manson was found guilty of conspiracy to commit the murders of seven people, including Tate. He was sentenced to be executed, but his sentence was changed to life in prison when the death penalty was abolished in California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2611331939697266, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Manson sent members of his cult, referred to as \"the family,\" to Sharon Tate's house in August 1969 with instructions to kill everyone there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.531285285949707, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Atkins told some people that she killed Sharon Tate, but told others that \"Tex\" Watkins actually committed the crime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.809471607208252, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Charles \"Tex\" Watson, 24, charged in the slaying of actress Sharon Tate and others, appears at an extradition hearing in McKinney, Texas, Feb. 16, 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.4451361298561096, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Charles \"Tex\" Watson appears at a parole hearing at Mule Creek State Prison in Ione, California, where he is serving a life sentence, Nov. 16, 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.525779724121094, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "His book, \"Will You Die for Me?\" describes the night of the Tate murders and says that he was the main killer in the massacre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.56559944152832, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Linda Kasabian, center, speaks at a press conference after testifying for 18 days as a prosecution witness in the Sharon Tate Murder trial, Aug. 19, 1970.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.404487133026123, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "The five victims slain the night of Aug. 9, 1969 at the Benedict Canyon Estate of Roman Polanski are seen in a composite image. From left, Wojciech Frykowski, Sharon Tate, Stephen Parent, Jay Sebring, and Abigail Folger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.001004219055176, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "The living room where American actress Sharon Tate, wife of Director Roman Polanski, then eight months pregnant, was murdered with in the couple's Beverly Hills, mansion, Aug. 9, 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3794514536857605, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.857640743255615, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Actress Sharon Tate poses for this undated photo. Tate, who starred in television and film roles, was identified by police as one of five victims found slain in her Benedict Canyon estate, Aug. 9, 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1835740804672241, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate & Roman Polanski", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.596500396728516, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate makes a toast with her husband, Roman Polanski, at the London, England premiere of \"Rosemary's Baby,\" Jan. 23, 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.939516067504883, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Coffee heiress Abigail Folger and director Wojciech Frykowski are seen in New York City in 1968. Both were among the victims of the multiple murder at the home of actress Sharon Tate, Aug. 9, 1969.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1546831130981445, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Wojciech Frykowski, 37, was one of the five victims of a cultist-style murder spree at the Los Angeles, home of actress Sharon Tate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9343851804733276, "source": "search", "title": "Charles Manson - Charles Manson and his \"family\" went on a ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's planned marriage to 26-year-old is 'ludicrous' | Fox News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8527681827545166, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Debra Tate calls the development \"ludicrous\" and \"insane,\" but says she is not surprised.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.199256896972656, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Tate said Manson's bride-to-be, Afton Elaine Burton, known as \"Star,\" seems to believe that Manson is leading a movement to save the environment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.891444683074951, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "\"I wonder how long it will take for her to figure out this is just a con,\" Tate said. \"It makes me wonder what is missing in her life that she would want to marry an 80-year-old man. Is she a victim? Is she mentally deranged?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.052009582519531, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Tate, 62, recently published a coffee table book about her sister.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.368879318237305, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "\"There are no M words in the book. No Manson, no murder,\" Tate said Tuesday. \"It's a celebration of Sharon's life, her fashion sense, her physical beauty and her spirit.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7532711029052734, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "With an introduction by Sharon's widower, director Roman Polanski, the book is entitled \"Sharon Tate Recollection.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.576953887939453, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate was 26 and more than 8 months pregnant when she was killed with four other people. The next night, grocers Leno and Rosemary La Bianca were stabbed to death across town.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.38567641377449036, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "A self-imposed purgatory followed for the family of Sharon Tate. Her mother and two sisters committed themselves to attending every parole hearing for every Manson family member to argue against their release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0857717990875244, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Debra Tate is one of the few people still alive to carry on that cause. Foremost in her mind is preventing the spread of Manson's Internet following.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.966374397277832, "source": "search", "title": "Sister of slain actress Sharon Tate: Manson's ... - Fox News" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Polanski and Tate at their wedding in January 1968. Tate was eight months pregnant at the time of her death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.863616943359375, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "A break in the case came when Susan Atkins, already in jail, told a fellow inmate about the Tate murders. \"Because we wanted to do a crime that would shock the world, that the world would have to stand up and take notice,\" she said.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.254524230957031, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "-- Melcher later moves out of his home on Cielo Drive, and the house is then leased to film director Roman Polanski and his wife, actress Sharon Tate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.680834770202637, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "November 12, 1969 - The LA Sheriff's detectives interview Al Springer, motorcycle gang member who had some association with Manson. Springer tells them that Manson told him about killing people days after the Tate murders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.917832136154175, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "November 16, 1969 - The LAPD interviews inmate Ronnie Howard about her conversation with Susan Atkins concerning the Tate/LaBianca murders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.064042091369629, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "March 12, 2014 - Davis is granted parole in California following his 28th parole hearing, according to the state Department of Corrections.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404797554016113, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "December 2016 - California parole board members delay their decision on freeing Krenwinkel after her attorney raises claims of abuse by Manson, or another member of the cult. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation issues a statement that the information presented at the hearing does elicit cause for an investigation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.312925338745117, "source": "search", "title": "Manson Family Murders Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate, 26, was the wife of film director Roman Polanski and was eight months pregnant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.891834259033203, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1969: Film star stabbed in ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "It was being rented by Roman Polanski and Sharon Tate who had recently returned there to have her baby after working in London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.537555694580078, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1969: Film star stabbed in ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate began her acting career in the television series, Beverly Hillbillies. She also had parts in the films Valley of the Dolls, the Americanisation of Emily, and The Sandpiper.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.5047502517700195, "source": "search", "title": "BBC ON THIS DAY | 9 | 1969: Film star stabbed in ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder) Trial of 1970-71.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.077203750610352, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "A major distraction from Kasabian's testimony came on August 3, when Manson stood before the jury and held up a copy of the Los Angeles Times with the headline, \"MANSON GUILTY, NIXON DECLARES.\"  The defense moved for a mistrial on the grounds that the headline prejudiced the jury against the defense, but Judge Older denied the motion after each juror stated under oath that he or she would not be influenced by the President's reported declaration of guilt.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.097649574279785, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Nineteen-year-old Paul Watkins , Manson's foremost recruiter of young women, provided key testimony about the strange motive for the Tate-LaBianca murders--including its link to the Bible's Book of Revelation .  Watkins testified that Manson discussed Helter Skelter \"constantly.\"  Bugliosi asked Watkins how Helter Skelter would start:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.411536693572998, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "There remained one last frightening surprise of the Tate-LaBianca murder trial.  When the trial resumed on November 30 following Manson's testimony, Ronald Hughes , defense attorney for Leslie Van Houten failed to show.  A subsequent investigation revealed he had disappeared over the weekend while camping in the remote Sespe Hot Springs area northwest of Los Angeles.  It is widely believed that Hughes was ordered murdered by Manson for his determination to pursue a defense strategy at odds with that favored by Manson. Hughes had made clear his hope to show that Van Houten was not acting independently--as Manson suggested--but was completely controlled in her actions by Manson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.187363624572754, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Manson's defense attorney, Irving Kanarek, argued to the jury that the female defendants committed the Tate and LaBianca murders out of a love of the crimes' true mastermind, the absent Tex Watson.  Kanarek suggested that Manson was being persecuted because of his \"life style.\"  He argued that the prosecution's theory of a motive was fanciful.  His argument lasted seven days, prompting Judge Older to call it \"no longer an argument but a filibuster.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.940363883972168, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Bugliosi's powerful summation described Charles Manson as \"the Mephistophelean guru\" who \"sent out from the fires of hell at Spahn Ranch three heartless, bloodthirsty robots and--unfortunately for him--one human being, the little hippie girl Linda Kasabian.\"  Bugliosi ended his summation with \"a roll call of the dead\":  \"Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, Sharon Tate...Abigail Folger...Voytek Frykowski...Jay Sebring...Steven Parent...Leno LaBianca...Rosemary LaBianca...are not here with us in this courtroom, but from their graves they cry out for justice.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2186686992645264, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "The death sentences imposed by the Tate-LaBianca jury would never be imposed, thanks to a California Supreme Court ruling in 1972 declaring the state's death penalty law unconstitutional.  The death sentences for the four convicted defendants, as well as for Tex Watson who had been convicted and sentenced to death in a separate trial in 1971, were commuted to life in prison.  All five currently remain in prison in California.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.946754455566406, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Charles Manson is incarcerated at in a maximum security section of a state penitentiary in Concoran, California. He has been denied parole eleven times, most recently in 2012.  In prison, he has assaulted prison staff a half dozen times.  A search of his the prison chapel where Manson took a job in 1980 revealed his hidden cache including marijuana, one hundred feet of nylon rope, and a mail-order catalog for hot air balloons.  In 1986, he published his story, Manson in His Own Words .  In his book, Manson claims: \"My eyes are cameras.  My mind is tuned to more television channels than exist in your world.  And it suffers no censorship.  Through it, I have a world and the universe as my own.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.331408143043518, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "All three female defendants have expressed remorse for their crimes, been exemplary inmates, and offered their time for charity work.  Yet none has been released by the California Parole Board, even though each of them was young and clearly under Manson's powerful influence at the time of their crimes.  There is no question that but for their unfortunate connection with Charles Manson, none would have committed murder.  It is sad, but undoubtedly true, that parole boards are political bodies that base decisions as much upon anticipated public reaction to their decisions as on a careful review of a parole applicant's prison record and statements. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.997150421142578, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In November 2014, the California Department of Corrections announced that it had received a request for a marriage license from their famous eighty-year-old prisoner.  Manson's bride-to-be is Afton Elaine Burton, a twenty-six-year old woman who has worked for Manson's release.  Burton said, \"I love him.  I'm with him.  There's all kind of things.\"  Debra Tate, sister of the slain actress Sharon Tate, had a different take.  \"I think it's insane,\" Tate said.  \"The devil is alive and well.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.755562424659729, "source": "search", "title": "An Account of the Charles Manson (Tate-LaBianca Murder ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied parole - LA Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6219260692596436, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied parole", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.644095778465271, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "“Let him look into our eyes, feel our pain,” Debra Tate said as she stood in the hallway outside Brown’s office in the state Capitol.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.067032814025879, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Instead, Tate met with two top Brown aides and left them with copies of an online petition signed by some 139,000 people that urges the governor to deny parole to a former member of the Manson cult, Leslie Van Houten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.901728630065918, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "“This is not a person we want out,” Tate said as she shepherded a group that traveled to Sacramento toting three boxes of signatures — a small group that included family members of victims Leno and Rosemary LaBianca.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.169678688049316, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Let him look into our eyes, feel our pain. — Debra Tate, sister of slain actress Sharon Tate", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.784670352935791, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Van Houten, 66, was convicted of first-degree murder in the stabbing death of Rosemary LaBianca. A state review board recommended her for parole in April . She had petitioned for parole 19 times prior to that decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.468961715698242, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "In all, seven people were killed over the course of two August nights almost 47 years ago. Van Houten was not implicated in the murder of Sharon Tate, the pregnant wife of film director Roman Polanski, but did enter LaBianca’s Los Feliz home the following night. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.862426280975342, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "Five people were convicted in the Tate-LaBianca killings, part of Manson’s infamous promise to incite a race war that he said was inspired by The Beatles’ song, “Helter Skelter.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.120145559310913, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." }, { "answer": "Tate", "passage": "“These are serial killers,” Debra Tate, 63, said in an interview as she waited to walk into the Capitol. “These are, as far as I know, the original domestic terrorists.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.325651168823242, "source": "search", "title": "Sharon Tate's sister urges Manson cult follower be denied ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The Columbine High School massacre was a school shooting that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Columbine, an unincorporated area of Jefferson County in the American state of Colorado. In addition to the shootings, the complex and highly planned attack involved a fire bomb to divert firefighters, propane tanks converted to bombs placed in the cafeteria, 99 explosive devices, and carbombs. The perpetrators, senior students Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, murdered 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair committed suicide. ", "precise_score": 10.227743148803711, "rough_score": 8.88401985168457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Columbine High School massacre" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Columbine High School shootings | massacre, Littleton, Colorado, United States [1999] | Britannica.com", "precise_score": 7.9405975341796875, "rough_score": 7.250941276550293, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School shootings | massacre, Littleton ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Columbine High School shootings, massacre that occurred on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, leaving 15 dead, including the two students responsible for the attack. It was one of the deadliest school shooting incidents in American history.", "precise_score": 9.037911415100098, "rough_score": 8.39980411529541, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School shootings | massacre, Littleton ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "After the massacre, many survivors and relatives of deceased victims filed lawsuits. Under Colorado state law at the time, the maximum a family could receive in a lawsuit against a government agency was $600,000. Most cases against the Jefferson County police department and school district were dismissed by the federal court on the grounds of government immunity. However, the case against the sheriff's office regarding the death of teacher Dave Sanders was not dismissed due to the police preventing paramedics from going to his aid for hours after they knew Harris and Klebold were dead. The case was settled out of court in August 2002 for $1,500,000. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.9360127449035645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Columbine High School massacre" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "massacre, Littleton, Colorado, United States [1999]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.10640012472867966, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School shootings | massacre, Littleton ..." }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On April 20, 1999, two teens went on a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, killing 13 people and wounding more than 20 others before turning their guns on themselves and committing suicide. The crime was the worst high school shooting in U.S. history and prompted a national debate on gun control and school safety, as well as a major investigation to determine what motivated the gunmen, Eric Harris, 18, and Dylan Klebold, 17. There was speculation that the two committed the killings because they had been bullied, were members of a group of social outcasts that was fascinated by Goth culture, or had been influenced by violent video games and music; however none of these theories was ever proven.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.0207061767578125, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School shooting - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On April 20, 1999 , in the small, suburban town of Littleton, Colorado, two high-school seniors, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, enacted an all-out assault on Columbine High School during the middle of the school day. The boys' plan was to kill hundreds of their peers. With guns, knives, and a multitude of bombs, the two boys walked the hallways and killed. When the day was done, twelve students, one teacher, and the two murderers were dead ; plus 21 more were injured.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.245731353759766, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine Massacre - School Shooting of April 20, 1999" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "The boys met each other while attending Ken Caryl Middle School in 1993. Though Klebold had been born and raised in the Denver area, Harris' father had been in the U.S. Air Force and had moved the family several times before he retired and moved his family to Littleton, Colorado in July 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.171731948852539, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine Massacre - School Shooting of April 20, 1999" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On this day in 1999, two teenage gunmen kill 13 people in a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, south of Denver. At approximately 11:19 a.m., Dylan Klebold, 18, and Eric Harris, 17, dressed in trench coats, began shooting students outside the school before moving inside to continue their rampage. By 11:35 a.m., Klebold and Harris had killed 12 fellow students and a teacher and wounded another 23 people. Shortly after noon, the two teens turned their guns on themselves and committed suicide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.836709022521973, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School massacre - Apr 20, 1999 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Clement Park, just north of Columbine, became the unofficial gathering place for mourners. The Colorado Avalanche cancelled the first of two playoff games and the NRA announced a scaled-back program for its convention to be held the following week in Denver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.366694450378418, "source": "search", "title": "1999 : Aftermath of the Columbine High shootings" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "December 4, 1999 -- Columbine High School won the Colorado State Varsity Football title, defeating Cherry Creek High.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.85815954208374, "source": "search", "title": "1999 : Aftermath of the Columbine High shootings" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "Here is some background information about the deaths of 13 people at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, on April 20, 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.5725393295288086, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School Shootings Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "February 26, 2004 - Colorado Attorney General Ken Salazar releases an investigative report about the attack. Authorities also release thousands of pages of documents and physical evidence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474520683288574, "source": "search", "title": "Columbine High School Shootings Fast Facts - CNN.com" }, { "answer": "Colorado", "passage": "On April 20, 1999, Eric Davis Harris (1981-1999) and Dylan Bennet Klebold (1981-1999) killed 12 students and one teacher at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado before committing suicide. The tragedy sparked national debates about school safety. The FBI assisted local law enforcement by investigating additional threats and Internet leads, conducting witness interviews, and processing physical evidence. The FBI’s file details the initial investigation and contains witness interviews between April 21, 1999 and May 5, 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.222039222717285, "source": "search", "title": "FBI — Columbine High School" } ]

[ { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The coroners jury, led by Coroner Herman N. Bundesen, left, at the inquest for the Clark Street St. Valentine's Day Massacre on Feb. 15, 1929. The coroner said 20 to 25 bullets were found in each of the seven bodies. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 7.911092281341553, "rough_score": 7.36263370513916, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The coroner jurors watch a re-enactment of the St. Valentine's Day massacre of 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.134281158447266, "rough_score": 8.269030570983887, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre, 1929", "precise_score": 7.350114822387695, "rough_score": 7.865015029907227, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Encyclopedia of Chicago" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is the name given to the death of seven people as part of a Prohibition Era conflict between two powerful criminal gangs in Chicago, Illinois, in the summer of 1929: the South Side Italian gang led by Al Capone and the North Side Irish gang led by Bugs Moran. Former members of the Egan's Rats gang were also suspected to have played a large role in the St. Valentine's Day massacre, assisting Capone.", "precise_score": 8.86343765258789, "rough_score": 7.679854869842529, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago", "precise_score": 6.089768409729004, "rough_score": 7.619636535644531, "source": "search", "title": "The St Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago | History Today" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Chicago Tribune", "precise_score": 5.369335174560547, "rough_score": 7.3347320556640625, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Saint Valentine's", "passage": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago, Illinois, United States [1929] | Britannica.com", "precise_score": 8.724310874938965, "rough_score": 8.440522193908691, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre, (Feb. 14, 1929), mass murder of a group of unarmed bootlegging gang members in Chicago . The bloody incident dramatized the intense rivalry for control of the illegal liquor traffic during the Prohibition Era in the United States . Disguising themselves as policemen, members of the Al Capone gang entered a garage at 2122 North Clark Street run by members of the George “Bugs” Moran gang, lined their opponents up against a wall, and shot them in cold blood. The victims included gang members Adam Heyer, Frank Gusenberg, Pete Gusenberg, John May, Al Weinshank, and James Clark , as well as a visitor, Dr. Reinhardt H. Schwimmer.", "precise_score": 9.053365707397461, "rough_score": 7.820627689361572, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Seven were gunned down in the St. Valentine's Day massacre in 1929, a hit believed ordered by Al Capone in an attempt to wipe out rival George \"Bugs\" Moran. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.449416160583496, "rough_score": 8.404657363891602, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Curious spectators and friends and family of the dead at the scene of the St. Valentine's Day massacre to identify the victims, Feb. 14, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.322552680969238, "rough_score": 7.287050247192383, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The funeral of Frank and Peter Gusenberg on February 19, 1929, killed during the St. Valentine's Day massacre. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 7.580684661865234, "rough_score": 8.21037769317627, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Jurors witness a reenactment of the St. Valentine's Day massacre of 1929 in this undated photo. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.325279235839844, "rough_score": 8.397693634033203, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Coroners jury on the St. Valentine's Day massacre inquest, April 15, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.184782981872559, "rough_score": 8.762514114379883, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Coroners jury at the inquest for the St. Valentine's Day massacre, February 19, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.273530006408691, "rough_score": 8.496453285217285, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Chief Shoemaker shows four submachine guns at the inquest for the St. Valentine's Day massacre April 20, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": 8.004314422607422, "rough_score": 7.643745422363281, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Autopsy reports from 1929 St. Valentine’s Day Massacre unearthed in Chicago: https://t.co/ZflZVi76Xo pic.twitter.com/Dr0HfxNDAD", "precise_score": 8.303505897521973, "rough_score": 8.562626838684082, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Seven were gunned down in the St. Valentine's Day massacre in 1929, a hit believed ordered by Al Capone in an attempt to wipe out rival George \"Bugs\" Moran. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)", "precise_score": 8.45190715789795, "rough_score": 8.364243507385254, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.182690620422363, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.852212905883789, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.852212905883789, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.852212905883789, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Fourmen dressed as police officers enter gangster Bugs Moran’s headquarters on North Clark Street in Chicago, line seven of Moran’s henchmen against a wall, and shoot them to death. The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, as it is now called, was the culmination of a gang war between arch rivals Al Capone and Bugs Moran.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3164566159248352, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre actually proved to be the last confrontation for both Capone and Moran. Capone was jailed in 1931 and Moran lost so many important men that he could no longer control his territory. On the seventh anniversary of the massacre, Jack McGurn, one of the Valentine’s Day hit men,was killed him in a crowded bowling alley with a burst of machine-gun fire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4911162853240967, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre - Feb 14, 1929 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.156780242919922, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "On Feb. 14, 1929, seven men were lined up against the wall in a North Side garage and gunned down execution-style. The infamous mob hit became known as the St. Valentine's Day massacre. Five known members of George 'Bugs' Moran's gang, one associate and a garage worker were killed. The hit was allegedly orchestrated by rival mob boss Al Capone, who was conveniently at his Florida home at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.31449031829834, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The bodies of six of the seven men slain on Feb. 14, 1929, in the S. M. C. Cartage Company garage at 2122 N. Clark St. on Chicago's North Side in what became known as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, sprawl on a floor and a chair. Several of the dead were members of a North Side gang run by George \"Bugs\" Moran, who had a rivalry with Al Capone and his gang. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.203486919403076, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "A crowd gathers in the alley behind 2122 N. Clark St., as police remove the victims of the St. Valentine's Day massacre. — Chicago Tribune historical photo, Jan. 28, 2004", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.042623519897461, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "A crowd outside the Clark Street garage, owned by George \"Bugs\" Moran, where the St. Valentine's Day massacre took place on Feb. 14, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.848635673522949, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Curious spectators and friends and family of the dead rush to the scene of the St. Valentine's Day massacre to identify the victims. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.141615867614746, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Mrs. Josephine Schwimmer, the mother of murdered Dr. Reinhardt Schwimmer, 29, at an inquest for the St. Valentine's Day Massacre on Feb. 15, 1929 at the Hudson Avenue police station in Chicago. Dr. Reinhardt Schwimmer was the only one of the seven men killed who was not in the George \"Bugs\" Moran gang. The Chicago Tribune noted that Schwimmer was an optometrist with a hoodlum complex, who liked to associate with gangsters. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.071457862854004, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Capt. William 'Shoes' Schoemaker shows four machine guns at the inquest for the St. Valentine's Day Massacre on April 19, 1929. Coroner Bundesen had summoned all firearm dealers in the area who had been known to sell machine guns to the coroner's jury in Chicago. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.409883975982666, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "On April 19, 1929, Coroner Herman N. Bundesen, right, and Lt. Col. C. H. Goddard look over machine guns believed to be used in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. Coroner Bundesen had summoned all firearm dealers in the area who had been known to sell machine guns to the coroner's jury in Chicago. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.982361793518066, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "During the prohibition era, Al Capone controlled Chicago's underworld with dozens of murders attributed to him and his gang, including the St. Valentine's Day massacre in 1929. — Chicago Tribune", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.176459312438965, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Mrs. Myrtle Gorman, center, of 434 Roscoe Street, was the wife of Peter Gusenberg, a gang leader for George \"Bugs\" Moran. Gusenberg, 40, was murdered when during the St. Valentine's Day Massacre. Mrs. Gorman denied all knowledge of her husbands activities, leaves the courthouse after the coroner's inquest. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.477787971496582, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Mrs. Josephine Schwimmer (with handkerchief), the mother of Dr. Reinhardt Schwimmer, leaves the chapel at the funeral for her son on Feb. 18, 1929. Schwimmer, an optometrist with a hoodlum complex, was one of the seven men killed during the St. Valentine's Day Massacre on Feb. 14, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.988770961761475, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Encyclopedia of Chicago" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Encyclopedia of Chicago" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Encyclopedia of Chicago" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The raid's cold-blooded efficiency left the public in shock, and the St. Valentine's Day Massacre came to symbolize gang violence. It confirmed popular images associating Chicago with mobsters, crime, and spectacular carnage. The site of the warehouse, razed in 1967, continues to draw tourists from around the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.032930374145508, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Encyclopedia of Chicago" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7530645728111267, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Capone's most notorious killing was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.04869408905506134, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "On the morning of Thursday, February 14, 1929 St. Valentine's Day, six members of the \"Bugs\" Moran gang and Reinhardt H. Schwimmer were lined up against the rear inside wall of the garage of the SMC Cartage Company (2122 North Clark Street) in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago's North Side. They were then shot and killed, possibly by members of Capone's gang, possibly by \"outside talent\" (that is, gangsters from outside the city who would not be known to their victims), most likely by a combination of both. Two of the men were dressed as Chicago police officers, and the others were dressed in long trenchcoats, according to witnesses who saw the \"police\" leading the other men at gunpoint out of the garage (part of the plan). When one of the dying men, Frank Gusenberg, was asked who shot him, he replied, \"I'm not gonna talk - nobody shot me\" despite having 22 bullet wounds. Capone himself had arranged to be on vacation in Florida. The St. Valentine's Massacre resulted from a plan devised by a member or members of the Capone gang to eliminate the Polish-Irish Bugs Moran, the boss of the North Side Gang, formerly headed up by Dion O'Banion who was murdered nearly five years earlier. Jack McGurn is the person most frequently cited by researchers as a suspected planner. The massacre was planned by the Capone mob for a number of reasons: in retaliation for an unsuccessful attempt by Frank and his brother Peter Gusenberg to murder Jack McGurn earlier in the year, the North Side Gang's complicity in the murder of Pasqualino \"Patsy\" Lolordo as well as Antonio \"The Scourge\" Lombardo, and Bugs Moran's muscling in on a Capone-run dog track in the Chicago suburbs. Also, the rivalry between Moran and Capone for control of the lucrative Chicago bootlegging business led Capone to plan the hits and the O'Banion's gang demise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.7894368171691895, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "At around 10:30 a.m. on St. Valentine's Day, four men arrived at the warehouse in two cars: a Cadillac sedan and a Peerless, both outfitted to look like detective sedans. Two men were dressed in police uniforms and two in street clothes. The Moran gang had already arrived at the warehouse. However, Moran himself was not inside. One account states that Moran was supposedly approaching the warehouse, spotted the police car, and fled the scene. Another account was that Moran was simply late getting there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.039565086364746, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Public outrage over The St. Valentine's Day Massacre marked the beginning of the end to Moran's power. Although Moran suffered a heavy blow, he still managed to keep control of his territory until the early 1930s, when control passed to the Chicago Outfit under Frank Nitti. The massacre also brought the belated attention of the federal government to bear on Capone and his criminal activities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.2294182777404785, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "When agents began interrogating the two men, they got nothing of value from Dock Barker, but Bolton (a hitherto obscure criminal) proved to be a “geyser of information” as one crime historian put it. A former Navy machine gunner and member of the old Egan’s Rats gang, Bolton had for years been the valet and sidekick of a slick Chicago hit man named Fred Goetz, who was also known as “Shotgun George” Ziegler. Byron had been party to many of the Barker Gang’s crimes, and even pinpointed the Florida hideout of Ma and Freddie Barker (who were killed in a shootout with the FBI a week later). Bolton kept on talking, and to the agents’ surprise, claimed to have taken part in the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre with his pal Goetz, Fred Burke, and several others.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.97689151763916, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Despite Byron Bolton’s statements, no action was taken by the FBI. All the men he named, with the exceptions of Burke and Maddox, were all dead by 1935. Bank robber Harvey Bailey would later complain in his 1973 autobiography that he and Fred Burke had been drinking beer in Calumet City at the time of the massacre, and the resulting heat forced them to abandon their bank robbing ventures. Claude Maddox was questioned fruitlessly by Chicago Police, and there the matter lay. Crime historians are still divided on whether or not the “American Boys” committed the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.103353977203369, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Valentine's", "passage": "Over the years, many mobsters, in and out of Chicago, would be named as part of the Valentine's Day hit team. Two prime suspects are Capone hit men John Scalise and Albert Anselmi; both men were lethal killers and are frequently mentioned as possibilities for two of the shooters. In the days after the massacre, Scalise was heard to brag, “I am the most powerful man in Chicago.” He had recently been elevated to the position of vice-president in the Unione Siciliana by its president, Joseph Guinta. Nevertheless, Scalise, Anselmi, and Guinta would be found dead on a lonely road near Hammond, Indiana on May 8, 1929. Gangland lore has it that Al Capone had discovered that the pair was planning on betraying him. At the climax of a dinner party thrown in their honor, Capone produced a baseball bat and beat the trio to death.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8371102809906006, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day Massacre | World History Project" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago | History Today", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.722557544708252, "source": "search", "title": "The St Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago | History Today" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "It happened to be St Valentine’s Day, the day for delivering tender tokens of affection, when a Cadillac, ostensibly a police car, drove up to the building at around 10.50 am and five men got out. Witness statements varied over details, but it seems that two of the men were in police uniforms and the other three in ordinary civilian clothes. They went into the garage. Eight minutes later, after loud rattling noises and what sounded like trucks backfiring, two of the civilians came out with their hands up, shepherded by the third, and the two ‘police officers’ with guns in their hands, described by a witness as ‘walking slow and easy-like’.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.303716659545898, "source": "search", "title": "The St Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago | History Today" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.97662353515625, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "On Feb. 14, 1929, seven men were lined up against the wall in a North Side garage and gunned down execution-style. The infamous mob hit became known as the St. Valentine's Day massacre. Five known members of George 'Bugs' Moran's gang, one associate and a garage worker were killed. The hit was allegedly orchestrated by rival mob boss Al Capone, who was conveniently at his Florida home at the time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.31449031829834, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Valentine's", "passage": "Although Moran survived the massacre, he was finished as a big criminal. For decades to come, only one mob, that of Capone and his successors, would run organized crime in Chicago. But the Valentine's Day Massacre shocked a city that had been numbed by \"Roaring '20s\" gang warfare over control of illegal beer and whiskey distribution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.108335256576538, "source": "search", "title": "The St. Valentine's Day Massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.800159454345703, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre and other gangland killings, frequently portrayed vividly by the mass media throughout the world, came to symbolize the violence of the Prohibition Era in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.95683479309082, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "...during the Prohibition years of the “Roaring” 1920s as a wide-open town, gaining a reputation for corruption, gangsterism, and intermittent mayhem. Al Capone, John Dillinger, and the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre became bywords worldwide. Furthermore, the city government was virtually insolvent years before the 1929 stock market crash. Republican Thompson was defeated by Democrat...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.056544411927461624, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "...of bootlegging on a large scale. His annual earnings were estimated at $60,000,000. The rise of the bootlegging gangs led to a succession of gang wars and murders. A notorious incident was the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre in Chicago in 1929, when the Capone gang shot to death seven members of the rival “Bugs” Moran gang. Historians of the underworld, however, suggest that by...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.667530059814453, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "More about Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5887269973754883, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Saint Valentine’s Day Massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.800159454345703, "source": "search", "title": "Saint Valentine's Day Massacre | mass murder, Chicago ..." }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.156780242919922, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "On the morning of Thursday, February 14, 1929, St. Valentine's Day, seven mob associates were lined up against the rear inside wall of the garage at 2122 North Clark Street, in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago's North Side, and executed. The victims of a conflict between the South Side Italian gang led by Al Capone and the North Side Irish gang led by Bugs Moran. The murders were committed by Al Capone and his men who orchestrated a complex ruse to lure Bugs Moran to the warehouse for his assassination. Moran was running late that morning and fled the scene when he saw a police car (a fake, part of the ruse) approach the building.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.430130958557129, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Onlookers watch police remove the bodies from the garage on North Clark Street. Seven men were lined up and riddled with bullets to eliminate the last challenge to Al Capone on February 14, 1929. The St. Valentine's Day shootings shocked a populace that had grown numb to gangland killings. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.2160894870758057, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "A crowd outside the North Clark Street garage, owned by George \"Bugs\" Moran, where the St. Valentine's Day massacre took place on Feb. 14, 1929. Seven were murdered in conflict between gangs during Prohibition. Al Capone is believed to have orchestrated the event. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.2526092529296875, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Mrs. Josephine Schwimmer leaving chapel at the funeral for her son, Reinhardt Schwimmer, February 28, 1929, who was killed during the St. Valentine's Day massacre. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.655420303344727, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "The body of Albert Kachellek \"James Clark\" is removed from the Cook County morgue on February 15, 1929. He was murdered in the St. Valentine's Day massacre. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.7054924964904785, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "A coroner and Major Goddard (Colonel Calvin Hooker Goddard) look over Thompson submachine guns on April 20, 1929. The guns were believed to have been used in the Clark Street St. Valentine's Day massacre. Goddard established that Tommy guns were used in the massacre and that they were not police Tommy guns. His work on the massacre led to establishment of the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory at Northwestern. A sidenote, Major Goddard was later promoted to Colonel in the Army and went by Colonel Goddard in the 1930s. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.37980842590332, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "An early booking mug for Joseph Aiello, whose feud with Al Capone and Antonio Lombardo was the source of many mob hits in the 1920s, including the St. Valentine's Day massacre in 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.013702392578125, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Mrs. Frank Gusenberg, widow of the gangster slain in the St. Valentine's Day massacre, was to present letters of administration to a loop bank and obtain $100,000 or more by Liberty Bonds kept in a safety deposit box by the dead man. She is shown with an escort who refused to give his name February 21, 1929. — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.3858160972595215, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Mrs. Myrtle Gorman, center, of 434 Roscoe St., Common-law wife of Peter Gusenberg, who was murdered when rival gangsters mowed him and six companions down in a North Clark Street garage. Mrs Gorman denied all knowledge of Gusenberg's activities. Mrs. Gorman is leaving Gusenberg's inquest, February 19, 1929. The murders were known as the St. Valentine's Day massacre. (Caption as it appeared in the newspaper) — Chicago Tribune historical photo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.770404815673828, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre -- Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre [Graphic Image]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.907061576843262, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre [Graphic Image]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.907061576843262, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "February 14, 1929, saw four men disguised as police officers walking into the base of operations for Bugs Moran on North Clark Street in Chicago, Illinois. These “police officers” had the seven men that were in Moran’s headquarters, line up against the wall. Assuming they were going to be arrested, the seven men did what they were told. Shortly after they were lined up, the four disguised men opened fire and killed all seven of them. This act became known as the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.689885139465332, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Autopsies found from 1929 St. Valentine’s Day massacre https://t.co/yA5m0xv8Nf pic.twitter.com/d4ecGyH6JK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.146865367889404, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "On that Valentine’s Day, Moran was expecting a shipment of illegal alcohol. He arrived late and saw the “police officers” storming into his building. Thinking that the police were there on a raid, Moran stayed put outside. Little did he know, his men were being executed in a massacre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.147303581237793, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Bugs Moran and Al Capone never had a confrontation with each other after the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre took place. The seven men that were executed in a hail of gunfire were the seven best men in Moran’s gang operation. Unable to sustain the loss to his business infrastructure, Moran quickly lost the territory he once controlled. Moran fell out of power quickly and was no longer considered to be a real player in the criminal underworld.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.756766319274902, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "On February 14, 1936, the seven-year anniversary of the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, Jack McGurn, one of the “police officers,” was out bowling. Gunfire erupted and McGurn was killed. No one was ever charged with the murder of McGurn, even though it was widely speculated that Moran was the one pulling the trigger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.951479196548462, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "Valentine’s Day", "passage": "Do you think that Al Capone was behind the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.0683770179748535, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day In History 1929: The St. Valentine’s Day ..." }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.131572723388672, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "St. Valentine's Day massacre", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3170526027679443, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Seven were gunned down in the St. Valentine's Day massacre in 1929, a hit believed ordered by Al Capone in an attempt to wipe out rival George \"Bugs\" Moran.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.219472885131836, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Onlookers watch police remove the bodies from the garage on North Clark Street. Seven men were lined up and riddled with bullets to eliminate the last challenge to Al Capone on February 14, 1929. The St. Valentine's Day shootings shocked a populace that had grown numb to gangland killings.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2231197357177734, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune" }, { "answer": "St. Valentine's Day", "passage": "Onlookers watch police remove the bodies from the garage on North Clark Street. Seven men were lined up and riddled with bullets to eliminate the last challenge to Al Capone on February 14, 1929. The St. Valentine's Day shootings shocked a populace that had grown numb to gangland killings. (Chicago Tribune historical photo)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.471120834350586, "source": "search", "title": "St. Valentine's Day massacre - Chicago Tribune" } ]

[ { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "A scholarly, annotated edition of the original 1846–47 serial was published in volume form in 2007 by the Oxford University Press under the title of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, edited by Robert Mack.", "precise_score": 0.15633422136306763, "rough_score": 2.68558669090271, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1973), a play by the British playwright Christopher Bond. This version of the story was the first to give Todd a more sympathetic motive: he is a wrongfully imprisoned barber who returns to London after 15 years in an Australian penal colony under the new name Sweeney Todd, only to find that Judge Turpin, who is responsible for his imprisonment, has raped his young wife and adopted his daughter. He at first plans to kill Turpin, but when his prey escapes, he swears revenge on the whole world and begins to slash his customers' throats. He goes into business with Mrs. Lovett, his former landlady, who bakes his victims' flesh into pies. At the end of the play, he gets his revenge by killing Turpin, but then unknowingly kills his own wife, whom Mrs. Lovett had misled him into believing had died. He kills Mrs. Lovett, and allows his assistant Tobias Ragg to slit his throat.", "precise_score": 4.517431259155273, "rough_score": 6.316806316375732, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a 1979 musical thriller with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. The musical is based on the 1973 play Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street by Christopher Bond. Set in 19th century England, the musical details the return of barber Sweeney Todd to London after 15 years of exile, in order to take revenge on the corrupt judge who banished him, by conspiring with a local baker, Mrs. Lovett, who is in desperate need of fresh meat for her pies.", "precise_score": 2.4719183444976807, "rough_score": 3.4256629943847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In 1846, young sailor Anthony Hope and Sweeney Todd, whom Anthony has recently rescued at sea and befriended, dock in London, where a half-crazed Beggar Woman sexually solicits them, appearing to briefly recognize Todd (\"No Place Like London\"). Todd tells Anthony of his troubled past as a naïve barber, when a crooked judge banished him in order to pursue his wife (\"The Barber and His Wife\"). Leaving Anthony, Todd enters a meat pie shop on Fleet Street, where the owner, Mrs. Lovett, laments about the scarcity of meat (\"Worst Pies in London\"). When Todd asks about her empty upstairs apartment, she reveals that its former tenant, Benjamin Barker, was transported out of England on false charges by Judge Turpin, who, along with his servant, Beadle Bamford, then lured Barker's wife Lucy to the Judge's home and raped her (\"Poor Thing\"). Todd's reaction reveals that he is himself Benjamin Barker. Promising to keep his secret, Lovett explains that Lucy poisoned herself and that their then-infant daughter, Johanna, became a ward of the Judge. Todd swears revenge on the Judge and Beadle, and Mrs. Lovett presents Todd with his old collection of sterling silver straight razors, which persuades Todd to take up his old profession (\"My Friends\" and \"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise\"). Elsewhere, Anthony notices an exquisite blonde girl singing out her window (\"Green Finch and Linnet Bird\"), and the Beggar Woman tells him that her name is Johanna. Unaware that Johanna is his friend Todd's daughter, Anthony is immediately enamored (\"Ah, Miss\") and he pledges to return for her, even when the Judge and Beadle chase him away (\"Johanna\").", "precise_score": 4.829281806945801, "rough_score": 5.865240097045898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "The History of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - Time Out London - Time Out London", "precise_score": 3.5551319122314453, "rough_score": 4.446142196655273, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Time Out London" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Nonetheless, his main legacy to modern culture was a story called ‘The String of Pearls’ published in a weekly magazine during the winter of 1846/47, written by an anonymous penny-a-word hack. Set in 1785, it features as principal villain a certain Sweeney Todd (‘a long, low-jointed, ill-put-together sort of fellow’), and includes all the plot elements that have been used by Sondheim and others ever since. There is the barber’s shop, from which a remarkable number of customers never return (courtesy of a chair that flips them upside down, plunging them to their deaths in the stone-floored cellar), an ill-used apprentice boy (who is consigned to a lunatic asylum, a pair of deeply uninteresting star-crossed lovers (obligatory in any Victorian popular fiction) and the enterprising Mrs Lovett, whose pies are finally discovered to contain something rather more exotic than mince.", "precise_score": -0.2437572181224823, "rough_score": 2.6173346042633057, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Time Out London" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In fairness, Lloyd’s artful co-opting of history has probably served Sweeney Todd quite well, leaving it usefully open to different interpretations. A 1926 silent movie (now lost) reportedly played it for laughs. The 1936 film (‘Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street’) features the great Tod Slaughter, wringing his hands and cackling ‘I’ll polish him off’, although bizarrely, the victims’ final destination is never explicitly mentioned: perhaps the filmmakers feared that Mrs Lovett’s pies would give the censors indigestion. A musical version first appeared in London in 1959, a ballet in 1960. And the London Dungeon wasn’t the first to provide a ‘Sweeney Todd Experience’; in the 1920s a wine merchant in Johnson’s Court, off Fleet Street, purported to be the site of Todd’s shop. Not content with infamy by association, the shop proudly displayed the ‘original’ barber’s chair, complete with mechanism for dropping customers into the basement.", "precise_score": 3.6055891513824463, "rough_score": 6.747483253479004, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Time Out London" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Sweeney Todd / Benjamin Barker – morose and vengeful; a barber by profession who returns to London after fifteen years of unjust incarceration in an Australian penal colony to seek revenge first on the corrupt judge who sent him there, and then on all his clients.", "precise_score": 6.576010227203369, "rough_score": 7.795330047607422, "source": "search", "title": "SWEENEY TODD The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - Pieter ..." }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "For centuries, surgery was a craft rather than a profession, and it was often practiced by barbers. In fact, up until the time of Sweeney Todd, a London resident would commonly visit a barber-surgeon for the treatment of a health problem. Besides providing grooming services, barber-surgeons regularly performed dental extractions, bloodletting, minor surgeries and sometimes amputations.", "precise_score": 5.455373287200928, "rough_score": 6.431739330291748, "source": "search", "title": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In many versions of the Sweeney Todd story - including the 1973 Christopher Bond play - Sweeney Todd is identified as a barber-surgeon. In Bond's version, when Sweeney returns to London, he stages a public competition against another tradesman to see which of them could perform not only the best shave, but also the most deft tooth-extraction.", "precise_score": 5.561217784881592, "rough_score": 5.807902812957764, "source": "search", "title": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "The play revolves around Sweeney Todd, a barber by profession who returns to London after several years, along with Anthony Hope a sailor. There are a few other people who find themselves entangled in this terrifying story told with a dash of humour. They include Judge Turpin, a pie-shop owner Mrs Lovett, a beggar woman with a secret and a pretty girl who sings through her barred window. There’s murder, madness and mayhem in this play. The music elevates the play to another level and is used effectively to highlight the story.", "precise_score": 5.9939985275268555, "rough_score": 6.687467098236084, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd at Shaw Festival | Marriott Niagara Falls" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In the original version of the tale, Todd is a barber who dispatches his victims by pulling a lever as they sit in his barber chair. His victims fall backward down a revolving trapdoor into the basement of his shop, generally causing them to break their necks or skulls. In case they are alive, Todd goes to the basement and \"polishes them off\" (slitting their throats with his straight razor). In some adaptations, the murdering process is reversed, with Todd slitting his customers' throats before dispatching them into the basement through the revolving trapdoor. After Todd has robbed his dead victims of their goods, Mrs. Lovett, his partner in crime (in some later versions, his friend and/or lover), assists him in disposing of the bodies by baking their flesh into meat pies and selling them to the unsuspecting customers of her pie shop. Todd's barber shop is situated at 186 Fleet Street, London, next to St. Dunstan's church, and is connected to Mrs. Lovett's pie shop in nearby Bell Yard by means of an underground passage. In most versions of the story, he and Mrs. Lovett hire an unwitting orphan boy, Tobias Ragg, to serve the pies to customers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.140241622924805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Lloyd published another, lengthier, penny part serial from 1847–48, with 92 episodes. It was then published in book form in 1850 as The String of Pearls, subtitled \"The Barber of Fleet Street. A Domestic Romance\". This expanded version of the story was 732 pages long. A plagiarised version of this book appeared in the United States c. 1852–53 as Sweeney Todd: or the Ruffian Barber. A Tale of Terror of the Seas and the Mysteries of the City by \"Captain Merry\" (a pseudonym for American author Harry Hazel, 1814–89).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.842646598815918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In 1865 the French novelist Paul H.C. Féval (1816–1887), famous as a writer of horror and crime novels and short stories, referred to what he called \"L'Affaire de la Rue des Marmousets\", in the introductory chapter to his book \"La Vampire\". A version of this story is related by the author Jacques Yonnet in his book Rue des maléfices (1954). This version is set in late medieval (1387) Paris, at the corner of the Rue des Marmousets and the Rue des Deux-Hermites. The familiar plot of the barber and the pastrycook who sell pies made with human flesh is followed, the dénouement following one of the victims' dogs alerting neighbors and the gendarmes. The two confess, and are summarily burned alive; the houses where the crimes took place are then razed. Whether this version of the story is based on The String of Pearls or its dramatisation, or a much older tale alluded to by Féval is unclear. In any case, it may well be the source for some recent versions that move the tale from London to Paris. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.42768669128418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In 1875, Frederick Hazleton's c. 1865 dramatic adaptation Sweeney Todd, the Barber of Fleet Street: or the String of Pearls (see below) was published as Vol 102 of Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1900627613067627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "A late (1890s) reference to the urban legend of the murdering barber can be found in the poem by the Australian bush poet Banjo Paterson—The Man from Ironbark.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.110517501831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In his 2012 novel Dodger, Terry Pratchett portrays Sweeney Todd as a tragic figure, having lost his mind after being exposed to the horrors of the Napoleonic Wars as a barber surgeon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6008554697036743, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*Sweeney Todd, the Barber of Fleet Street: or the String of Pearls (c. 1865), a dramatic adaption written by Frederick Hazleton which premiered at the Old Bower Saloon, Stangate Street, Lambeth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.718520402908325, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. A Musical Thriller (1979), the acclaimed musical adaptation of Bond's play by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler starring Len Cariou as Sweeney Todd (here christened Benjamin Barker) and Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Lovett. George Hearn and Dorothy Loudon later succeeded Cariou and Lansbury in the lead roles. In 1982, the musical was televised on The Entertainment Channel, starring Hearn and Lansbury, and directed by Terry Hughes and Harold Prince. It was produced by RKO Pictures and RKO/Nederlander Productions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.793217182159424, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936), a film version of the Victorian melodrama starring Tod Slaughter as Sweeney Todd and Stella Rho as Mrs. \"Lovatt\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.884388446807861, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "* Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), a film directed by Tim Burton, adapted from Sondheim's musical. It stars Johnny Depp as Sweeney Todd, Helena Bonham Carter as Mrs. Lovett, Alan Rickman as Judge Turpin, and Ed Sanders as Toby. The film received two Golden Globe Awards – one for Best Actor in a Comedy or Musical (Johnny Depp), and one for Best Picture, Comedy or Musical. The film was also nominated for three Academy Awards, winning for Art Direction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.358968734741211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*\"Sweeney Todd, The Barber\", a song which assumes its audience knows the stage version and claims that such a character existed in real life. Stanley Holloway, who recorded it in 1956, attributed it to R. P. Weston, a songwriter active from 1906 to 1934.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2996293306350708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*\"Floyd the Barber,\" a song by grunge band Nirvana on their 1989 album Bleach, features a scenario in which Floyd Lawson, the barber from The Andy Griffith Show, becomes a murderer stylized after Sweeney Todd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.441262722015381, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*\"The Strange Case of the Demon Barber\" (January 8, 1946), an adaptation of the Sweeney Todd story featured in an episode of the radio drama The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. In this interpretation, an actor playing the character on stage begins to believe he is committing similar murders while sleepwalking, while Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson uncover evidence that may prove his sanity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0298686027526855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*The second episode of the BBC Radio comedy series 1835, entitled \"Haircut, Sir?\" (broadcast in 2004) and written by Jim Poyser, portrayed aimless aristocrat Viscount Belport (Paul Rider) and his servant Ned (Jason Done) joining the police force under Sir Robert Peel and encountering demon barber Sweeney Todd (Jonathan Keeble) on their first case.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.930134296417236, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*In The Avengers 1967 episode \"Escape in Time\", the barber's name (seen briefly) is \"T. Sweeney\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.923726081848145, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street in Concert (2001), a filmed concert version of Sondheim's musical, starring George Hearn as Sweeney Todd/Benjamin Barker, Patti LuPone as Mrs. Lovett, Timothy Nolen as Judge Turpin, and Neil Patrick Harris as Tobias. A new version of this production was broadcast in September 2014, this time with Bryn Terfel as Todd, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Lovett and Philip Quast as Judge Turpin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.892775058746338, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "*Classical Comics, a UK publisher creating graphic novel adaptations of classical literature, has produced a full colour, 176-page paperback, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2010), with script adaptation by Sean M. Wilson, linework by Declan Shalvey; colouring by Jason Cardy & Kat Nicholson, and lettering by Jim Campbell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.4382643699646, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "In the crowded London marketplace, faux-Italian barber Adolfo Pirelli and his simple-minded assistant, Tobias Ragg, pitch a dramatic cure-all for hair loss (\"Pirelli's Miracle Elixir\"). Todd and Lovett soon arrive; Todd exposes the elixir as a sham, challenges Pirelli to a shaving competition, and easily wins (\"The Contest\"), inviting the impressed, onlooking Beadle to a free shave (\"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 2\"). Several days later, Judge Turpin flagellates himself in a frenzy over a growing lust for Johanna, but instead resolves to marry her himself. (\"Johanna – Mea Culpa\"). Todd impatiently continues to wait for the Beadle's arrival, but Mrs. Lovett attempts to calm him (\"Wait\"). When Anthony tells Todd of his plan to ask Johanna to elope with him, Todd, eager to reunite with his daughter, agrees to let them use his barbershop as a safehouse. As Anthony leaves, Pirelli and Tobias enter, and Mrs. Lovett takes Toby downstairs for a pie. Alone with Todd, Pirelli reveals that he is actually an Irishman named Daniel O'Higgins, an assistant to Todd fifteen years ago, who knows Todd's true identity. When O'Higgins attempts to blackmail his former employer, however, Todd injures and hides him, later slitting his throat (\"Pirelli's Death\" and \"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd – Reprise 3\"). Meanwhile, Johanna and Anthony plan their elopement (\"Kiss Me\"), while the Beadle recommends Todd's services to the Judge, so that he can better win Johanna's affections (\"Ladies in Their Sensitivities\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.33515259623527527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Several weeks later, Mrs. Lovett's pie shop has become a thriving business, and Toby is now working there as a waiter (\"God, That's Good!\"). Todd and Mrs. Lovett acquire a specially-designed mechanical barber's chair that allows Todd to kill his clients and then send their bodies directly through a chute into the pie shop's basement bakehouse. Mundanely slitting his customers' necks, Todd despairs about ever seeing Johanna again, while Anthony discovers that Johanna is missing (\"Johanna–Quartet\"), having been locked away in an insane asylum by the Judge. After a day of hard work, Mrs. Lovett envisions a seaside retirement (\"By the Sea\"), but Todd remains fixed on his revenge. Anthony arrives to beg Todd for help to free Johanna, and Todd, revitalized, devises a plan to rescue her by having Anthony pose as a wigmaker intent on purchasing inmates' hair (\"Wigmaker Sequence\" and \"The Ballad... – Reprise 4\"). Todd later sends a secret letter to notify the Judge of Anthony's plot, hoping to lure the Judge back to his shop (\"The Letter\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.227649688720703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "* \"The Barber and His Wife\" - Todd", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.415323257446289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "* \"The Barber and His Wife (Reprise)/Poor Thing\" - Mrs. Lovett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354787826538086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "** \"Final Scene (Including the reprises of Poor Thing, A Little Priest, By the Sea and The Barber and His Wife)\" - Mrs. Lovett and Todd", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.67774772644043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Music Theatre International recently adapted the production to be performed by high schoolers. The only substantial edits that have been made are the removal of the Judge's \"Johanna\" and optional slightly different lyrics for a few of the Beggar Woman interludes, as well as optionally removing most of the swearing, and providing optional alterations to the stage directions so the murders did not need to be performed onstage. Other edits include the removal of the \"Wigmaker\" and its reprise (although the fourth reprise of \"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd\" is referred to as \"Wigmaker Sequence\"). There are some changes in the naming of songs. \"The Barber and His Wife\" is considered part of \"No Place Like London,\" the first reprise of \"The Ballad of Sweeney Todd\" is considered part of \"My Friends.\" \"Pretty Women,\" \"By the Sea,\" and \"Searching\" are in two parts (\"Searching (Part II)\" is mainly just \"Ah Miss (Reprise)\") and \"Parlour Songs\" and \"Final Scene\" are in three, (the epilogue is considered \"Final Scene (Part III)\"). \"Pirelli's Entrance,\" \"The Contest,\" \"Wigmaker Sequence,\" \"The Letter,\" \"Fogg's Asylum,\" \"City on Fire,\" \"Searching,\" \"Judge's Return,\" and \"Final Scene\" are all considered separate songs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.416828632354736, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "‘The String of Pearls’ isn’t great literature, but Lloyd was on to something. The psychopathic barber’s story proved instantly popular: it was turned into a play before the ending had even been revealed in print. An expanded edition appeared in 1850, an American version in 1852, a new play in 1865. By the 1870s, Sweeney Todd was a familiar character to most Victorians. Nothing so strange in that, perhaps; except that, according to contemporary accounts, most of them seem to have believed that Todd was real.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1169037818908691, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Time Out London" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "After graduation, he married his college sweetheart, Lucy, an actress who had appeared in the Broadway production Avenue Q. They founded a small barber shop and had a daughter, Johanna. Barker, however, was growing increasingly discontent with his life and with Lucy's extramarital affairs and fading beauty. As luck would have it, Lucy left him a year after their marriage for the town judge, a pious man, doting father, and closet flagellant.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.740137100219727, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Todd founded his first barber shop on Fleet Street in downtown California . By chance, his shop was located next to Lovett's Pies, a restaurant owned by Angela Lovett, a budding entrepreneur who formerly sold a line of newlyweds' teapots , emblazoned with \"Mrs.\" She had fallen on hard times, however, and the Zagat Guide described her restaurant thusly: \"Lovett's Pies, if nothing else, has redefined the laws of physics by managing, despite being located in California, to sell the worst pies in London.\" Furthermore, meat prices had gone up, and Lovett was forced to bake her pies with nothing but green finch and linnet bird. She labeled this as chicken, starting that it was \"close enough.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.224245071411133, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Todd and Lovett spent many days together and soon began a personal and professional relationship. They married on March 1, 1979, and that night lovingly merged their tender businesses into one palpable franchise: \"Sweeney Todd's Barbershop and Lovett's Pies.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.918564796447754, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Todd's business saw some difficulties in the beginning. His business concept, he discovered, had previously been conceived by Adolfo Pirelli, an immigrant who ran a small barbershop/restaurant in Sacramento . Todd, in a shrewd display of business sense, opened a second location right across the street from him. Pirelli soon went out of business, both because of Todd's move and because of a scandalous expose done by two hairdressers-turned-investigative reporters, who revealed that Pirelli sold piss instead of shampoo, used child labor, and sung in a ridiculous fake Italian accent. Pirelli never thereafter was heard of again. Todd immediately hired his stylists Tobias and Oliver.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.142679214477539, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Todd later changed the name of his business from \"Sweeney Todd's Barbershop and Lovett's Pies\" to \"The Demonic Barbershop,\" to create a more professional image. He grew his franchise by buying out smaller, strange barbershops and restaurants that wouldn't be missed. They never thereafter were heard of again. His establishments were intended to evoke the charm of Victorian England , complete with fake dust, actors impersonating beggars, and a signature smokestack in each building which produced genuine carbon monoxide , unlike many of Todd's imitators who cut corners with atmosphere-polluting nitrogen . Soon after the name change, Todd told Lovett his secret meat pie recipe, which they trademarked.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.133458375930786, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "By this point, Todd was a celebrity. A chorus of magazines sung his praises: \"After visiting Sweeney Todd, I can visit my maker impeccably shaved!\" \"For neatness, he deserves a nod!\" \"The Demonic Barbershop is like a perfect machine!\" Todd frequently appeared on Forbes lists, and was a fixture in the media because of his impeccable business skill and dashing looks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.365168571472168, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Sweeney Todd has been accused by communists and hippies of being a \" corporate raider \". The New York Times ran an oft-quoted critical column, comparing his acquisition of other barbershops to murder, and stated that he \"slit [their] throats and recycled their bloody corpses in those meat pies he sells.\" A careful examination of his business practices, of course, revealed that Todd was perfectly ethical in how he operated, and the columnist printed a retraction, apologizing for his libel: \"Freely flows the blood of those who moralize. I am eternally remorseful for ever printing malicious lies about Mr. Todd. After printing this retraction, I hope to be considerably richer as well.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8798574209213257, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Coincidentally, the Demonic Barbershop chain received several reports of food poisoning around the same time. In the most notorious case, an indigent panhandler appeared anonymously on the BBC and stated that she found a human finger in her meal. Being a beggar woman, however, she could not afford to press charges, and never thereafter was heard of again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.893004417419434, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "To celebrate Todd's accomplishments, his former mentor Stephen Sondheim composed a biographical musical based on his life, but it was panned by critics in favor of Andrew Lloyd Webber 's \"The Phantom of Puccini.\" In 2007, a straight-to-DVD biopic was made based on the musical. To date, it has sold thirty-eight copies. A special double-feature dvd is currently on sale, paired with The Barber of Seville.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.338313102722168, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd - Uncyclopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "SWEENEY TODD The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - Pieter Toerien Productions", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.334233283996582, "source": "search", "title": "SWEENEY TODD The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - Pieter ..." }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Adolfo Pirelli / Daniel O’Higgins – an Irish charlatan and former employee of Benjamin Barker’s who has since developed a public persona as a flashy Italian barber. He attempts to blackmail Todd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.102169036865234, "source": "search", "title": "SWEENEY TODD The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - Pieter ..." }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.7926154136657715, "source": "search", "title": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "The association between barbers and surgeons goes back to the early Middle Ages when the practice of surgery and medicine was carried out by the clergy. But in 1215, a papal decree ruled that priests could no longer partake in any shedding of blood. Because barbers were accustomed to using a razor, it was presumed that they would be skillful in carrying out any treatment that involved cutting the skin, and so the practice was taught to them.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.078836441040039, "source": "search", "title": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Black Plague wiped out a vast number of university-trained physicians, and barbers became increasingly relied upon for medical procedures. \"Flying barbers\" traveled from town to town, setting up tents and offering their services. In 1540, Henry VIII united the Company of the Barbers and the Fellowship of Surgeons with a royal decree and created one unified trade guild - the Company of Barber-Surgeons. Barbers and surgeons remained joined in this way for more than two centuries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.024317741394043, "source": "search", "title": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "The practice of surgery was still in its primitive stage, but new discoveries were being made often. Barbers and surgeons regularly performed anatomical dissections on corpses to further their knowledge and master their craft. Though the guild ultimately divided, associating blood and dissection with the barber could have contributed to the lingering fear of barbers during this period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.892725944519043, "source": "search", "title": "PBS - Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street" }, { "answer": "Barber", "passage": "Horror and music blend together splendidly in Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street - A Musical Thriller. Dark comedy is also used effectively in this tale about greed, injustice and morality that will be staged during the Shaw Festival 2016. You can catch the play at the Festival Theatre in Niagara-on-the-Lake from July 17 to October 19. Music and lyrics are by Broadway legend Stephen Sondheim who collaborated with book writer Hugh Wheeler for this musical play.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9249303340911865, "source": "search", "title": "Sweeney Todd at Shaw Festival | Marriott Niagara Falls" } ]

[ { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "The Union Pacific Railroad also crosses southern Idaho traveling between Portland, Oregon, Green River, Wyoming, and Ogden, Utah and serves Boise, Nampa, Twin Falls, and Pocatello. There has been a recent call to return Amtrak service to southern Idaho.", "precise_score": -6.507518291473389, "rough_score": -7.650185585021973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "In Wyoming, Paul/John Etchepare's Warren Livestock Co. was the biggest sheep operation in the state for years. There are two concentrations of Basques, namely in Buffalo, to the north, and in Rock Springs, to the southwest. Like Idaho, Wyoming also celebrated the first centenary of its admission to the Union in 1990.", "precise_score": 6.229815483093262, "rough_score": 6.937352657318115, "source": "search", "title": "Basqueheritage" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Idaho is a mountainous state with an area larger than that of all of New England. It borders the US states of Montana to the northeast, Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington and Oregon to the west. To the north, it shares a 45 mi (72 km) international border with the Canadian province of British Columbia, the shortest such land border of any state. The network of dams and locks on the Columbia River and Snake River make the city of Lewiston the farthest inland seaport on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.64629077911377, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Idaho borders six US states and one Canadian province. The states of Washington and Oregon are to the west, Nevada and Utah are to the south, and Montana and Wyoming are to the east. Idaho also shares a short border with the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north. The landscape is rugged with some of the largest unspoiled natural areas in the United States. For example, at 2.3 million acres (930,000 ha), the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area is the largest contiguous area of protected wilderness in the continental United States. Idaho is a Rocky Mountain state with abundant natural resources and scenic areas. The state has snow-capped mountain ranges, rapids, vast lakes and steep canyons. The waters of the Snake River rush through Hells Canyon, the deepest gorge in the United States. Shoshone Falls plunges down rugged cliffs from a height greater than that of Niagara Falls. The major rivers in Idaho are the Snake River, the Clark Fork/Pend Oreille River, the Clearwater River, and the Salmon River. Other significant rivers include the Coeur d'Alene River, the Spokane River, the Boise River, and the Payette River. The Salmon River empties into the Snake in Hells Canyon and forms the southern boundary of Nez Perce County on its north shore, of which Lewiston is the county seat. The Port of Lewiston, at the confluence of the Clearwater and the Snake Rivers is the farthest inland seaport on the West Coast at 465 river miles from the Pacific at Astoria, Oregon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.688183784484863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Between then and the creation of the Idaho Territory on March 4, 1863, at Lewiston, parts of the present-day state were included in the Oregon, Washington, and Dakota Territories. The new territory included present-day Idaho, Montana, and most of Wyoming. The Lewis and Clark expedition crossed Idaho in 1805 on the way to the Pacific and in 1806 on the return, largely following the Clearwater River both directions. The first non-indigenous settlement was Kullyspell House, established on the shore of Lake Pend Oreille for fur trading in 1809 by David Thompson of the North West Company. In 1812 Donald Mackenzie, working for the Pacific Fur Company at the time, established a post on the lower Clearwater River near present-day Lewiston. This post, known as \"MacKenzie's Post\" or \"Clearwater\", operated until the Pacific Fur Company was bought out by the North West Company in 1813, after which it was abandoned. The first attempts at organized communities, within the present borders of Idaho, were established in 1860. The first permanent, substantial incorporated community was Lewiston in 1861.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.463384628295898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Idaho" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Wyoming is a western state defined by vast plains and the Rocky Mountains. Its famed Yellowstone National Park, a nearly 3,500-sq.-mile wilderness recreation area, is home to hundreds of animal species, dramatic canyons and alpine rivers. The park's gushing geysers include the iconic Old Faithful. To the south is Grand Teton National Park, known for backcountry skiing, forested hikes and Snake River fishing. Capital: Cheyenne Population: 584,153 (2014) State flower: Castilleja linariifolia State bird: Western meadowlark Nicknames: Cowboy State, Equality State, Big Wyoming", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.860527038574219, "source": "search", "title": "In the year 1990, Idaho and which other state celebrated the" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "19.- Wyoming and Montana", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.510880470275879, "source": "search", "title": "Basqueheritage" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "19.1 ETCHEPARE AND WYOMING", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.969869613647461, "source": "search", "title": "Basqueheritage" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "Buffalo, the capital of Johnson County, is a small town of somewhat fewer than three thousand five hundred inhabitants, among them several hundred Basques. There were Basques there as early as 1902, with the arrival of Jean Esponda, from Baigorri, already weather-beaten from his life in the sheep business, in which he had worked in California since 1888. It would appear that in 1919 Esponda, a man with initiative, already had one of the biggest sheep operations in Wyoming, at one time with as many as 25,000 head.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.405364990234375, "source": "search", "title": "Basqueheritage" }, { "answer": "Wyoming", "passage": "At the other end of the state, Rock Springs is the site of the Alkartasuna South Western Basque Club, formed in 1990 with members from all over southwestern Wyoming. It boasts dance classes, a choir, classes in Euskara, and a bertsolari. In the early decades of the 20th century there were at least three Basque hotels there. In Montana, Basque presence is associated, as in the entire Great Basin, with shepherding. Miles City is one of the towns that in its day had an ostatua. Major ranches were operated in Montana by Basques, among them that of John Etchart in Glasgow. Although Montana does not have an official Basque club, Basques there have organized an annual get together since the early 1990's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.080860137939453, "source": "search", "title": "Basqueheritage" } ]

[ { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui is the second largest of Hawaii's main islands with a total area of 727 square miles (1,883.5 sq km). It has a population of 117,644 people (as of 2000) and its largest town is Wailuku. Maui's nickname is the Valley Isle and its topography reflects its name. There are lowlands along its coasts with several different mountain ranges that are separated by valleys. The highest point on Maui is Haleakala at 10,023 feet (3,055 m). Maui is known for its beaches and natural environment.", "precise_score": 7.6971635818481445, "rough_score": 7.928300380706787, "source": "search", "title": "List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui is 727 square miles, making it the second largest island. Maui is most notable for its mountain ranges and valleys, and is often called the Valley Isle. It is the second most popular tourist destination in the state. While visiting Maui, make time to see the Kaanapali and Wailea resort areas and Haleakala, the largest dormant volcano crater in the world.", "precise_score": 5.739567756652832, "rough_score": 8.28705883026123, "source": "search", "title": "8 Large Islands of Hawaii | USA Today" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island", "precise_score": 8.350647926330566, "rough_score": 9.717158317565918, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island", "precise_score": 8.350647926330566, "rough_score": 9.717158317565918, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui Island is second-largest island among other Hawaiian Island. It is 727-Square miles wide and 17th largest island in the United States. The island grabbed tourist attention after 2011, around 2.5-million visitors visited this place in 2011 alone. Today, Maui Island is not only special destination for Honeymooners but also for water sport Adventurers. Admit it! You are grinning with idea of visit Maui and its images. Well! Before you step forward and proceed toward planning for Maui here are top things you must do on your trip.", "precise_score": 7.126008033752441, "rough_score": 7.703802585601807, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui: Second Largest Hawaiian Island", "precise_score": 8.72128963470459, "rough_score": 9.667222023010254, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui: Second Largest Hawaiian Island", "precise_score": 8.72128963470459, "rough_score": 9.667222023010254, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui: Second Largest Hawaiian Island : Haleakala National Park", "precise_score": 8.731171607971191, "rough_score": 9.565330505371094, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui: Second Largest Hawaiian Island", "precise_score": 8.72128963470459, "rough_score": 9.667222023010254, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1500 mi. At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui and the Island of Hawaii. The last is the largest island in the group; it is often called the \"Big Island\" or \"Hawaii Island\" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.525362968444824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "The last volcanic eruption outside Hawaii Island occurred at Haleakalā on Maui before the late 18thcentury, though it could have been hundreds of years earlier. In 1790, Kīlauea exploded; it was the deadliest eruption known to have occurred in the modern era in what is now the United States. Up to 5,405 warriors and their families marching on Kīlauea were killed by the eruption. Volcanic activity and subsequent erosion have created impressive geological features. Hawaii Island has the third-highest point among the world's islands. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.949493408203125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Several areas in Hawaii are under the protection of the National Park Service. Hawaii has two national parks: Haleakalā National Park located near Kula on the island of Maui, which features the dormant volcano Haleakalā that formed east Maui, and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park in the southeast region of the Hawaii Island, which includes the active volcano Kīlauea and its rift zones.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.22298526763916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Spanish archives contain a chart that depicts islands at the same latitude as Hawaii but with a longitude ten degrees east of the islands. In this manuscript, the island of Maui is named La Desgraciada (The Unfortunate Island), and what appears to be Hawaii Island is named La Mesa (The Table). Islands resembling Kahoolawe, Lanai, and Molokai are named Los Monjes (The Monks). For two-and-a-half centuries, Spanish galleons crossed the Pacific from Mexico along a route that passed south of Hawaii on their way to Manila. The exact route was kept secret to protect the Spanish trade monopoly against competing powers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.2928032875061035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "*Maui has two state monuments, several state parks, and the Polipoli Spring State Recreation Area. Moloka‘i has the Pala'au State Park. *Oahu has several state parks, a number of state recreation areas, and a number of monuments, including the Ulu Pō Heiau State Monument.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.907746315002441, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "The Hawaii Superferry operated between Oahu and Maui between December 2007 and March 2009, with additional routes planned for other islands. Protests and legal problems over environmental impact statements ended the service, though the company operating Superferry has expressed a wish to recommence ferry services in the future. Currently there are passenger ferry services in Maui County between Molokai and Maui, and between Lanai and Maui, though neither of these take vehicles. Currently Norwegian Cruise Lines and Princess Cruises provide passenger cruise ship services between the larger islands. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.039950370788574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "The movement of the Hawaiian royal family from Hawaii Island to Maui, and subsequently to Oahu, explains the modern-day distribution of population centers. Kamehameha III chose the largest city, Honolulu, as his capital because of its natural harbor—the present-day Honolulu Harbor. Now the state capital, Honolulu is located along the southeast coast of Oahu. The previous capital was Lahaina, Maui, and before that Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Some major towns are Hilo; Kāneohe; Kailua; Pearl City; Waipahu; Kahului; Kailua-Kona. Kīhei; and Līhue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3251378536224365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Hawaii comprises five counties: the City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii County, Maui County, Kauai County, and Kalawao County.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.712615966796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Hawaii has the fewest local governments among U.S. states. Unique to this state is the lack of municipal governments. All local governments are generally administered at the county level. The only incorporated area in the state is Honolulu County, a consolidated city–county that governs the entire island of Oahu. County executives are referred to as mayors; these are the Mayor of Hawaii County, Mayor of Honolulu, Mayor of Kauai, and the Mayor of Maui. The mayors are all elected in nonpartisan elections. Kalawao County has no elected government, and as mentioned above there are no local school districts and instead all local public education is administered at the state level by the Hawaii Department of Education. The remaining local governments are special districts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.307512283325195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Hawaii is divided into five counties: Hawaiʻi, Honolulu, Kalawao, Kauaʻi, and Maui. Each island is included in the boundaries and under the administration of one of these counties. Honolulu County, despite being centralized, administers the outlying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Kalawao (the smallest county in the United States in terms of land area) and Maui, both occupying the island of Molokaʻi, are the only counties that share the same island. Hawaii is typically recognized by its eight main islands: Hawaiʻi, Maui, Kahoʻolawe, Lānaʻi, Molokaʻi, Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, and Niʻihau.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.266130447387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of islands of Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Kalawao County contains no individual islands of its own. With a census population of 90, the county is the country's second smallest county in terms of population with eight more residents than Loving County, Texas. At 13.21 mi² (34 km²), it is the smallest county by land area in the United States and is often omitted from certain maps. Kalawao County shares the island of Molokaʻi with Maui County and occupies only 5% of the island's 260 mi² (673 km²) and 1.2% of the island's 7,404 residents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.321952819824219, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of islands of Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui County", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.50379753112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of islands of Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui County consists of four of the state's main islands: Maui, Kahoʻolawe, Lānaʻi, and Molokaʻi. With a land area of 1,159.20 mi² (3,002 km²), it had a population of 154,834 in 2000. The island of Maui has the most residents at 117,644 (76% of the county's population). It is also the largest of the county's island with 727.2 mi² (1,883.5 km²) of land—the state's second largest island and the 17th largest in the country. At 44.6 mi² (115.5 km²), Kahoʻolawe is the state's largest island with no permanent inhabitants. Lānaʻi has a population of 3,193; Molokaʻi has a population of 7,404. Molokaʻi is the only island in Hawaii that is divided between two counties. With a population of 90, Kalawao County occupies a tiny 13.21 mi² (34 km²) portion on the northern shore of the island. Maui County contains 59 named islands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.896896839141846, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of islands of Hawaii" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "2.  Maui", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.84027099609375, "source": "search", "title": "List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui's economy is based mainly on agriculture and tourism and its main agricultural products are coffee, macadamia nuts, flowers, sugar, papaya and pineapple. Wailuku is the largest city on Maui but other towns include Kihei, Lahaina, Paia Kula and Hana. More »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0831708908081055, "source": "search", "title": "List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Molokai has a total area of 260 square miles (637 sq km) and it is located 25 miles (40 km) east of Oahu across the Kaiwi Channel and north of the island of Lanai. Most of Molokai is also a part of Maui County and it has a population of 7,404 people (as of 2000).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.372649192810059, "source": "search", "title": "List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Kahoolawe is the smallest of Hawaii's main islands with an area of 44 square miles (115 sq km). It is uninhabited and is located 7 miles (11.2 km) southwest of Maui and Lanai and its highest point is Pu'u Moaulanui at 1,483 feet (452 m). Like Niihau, Kahoolawe is arid. It is located in the rainshadow of Haleakala on Maui. Because of its dry landscape, there have been few human settlements on Kahoolawe and historically it was used by U.S. military as a training ground and bombing range. In 1993 however the State of Hawaii established the Kahoolawe Island Reserve. As a reserve the island can only be used today for Native Hawaiian cultural purposes and any commercial development is prohibited. More »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.562649965286255, "source": "search", "title": "List of the Eight Main Islands of Hawaii - About.com Education" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.131999969482422, "source": "search", "title": "8 Large Islands of Hawaii | USA Today" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Oahu is by far the most popular destination among tourists, attracting nearly twice as many visitors as Maui each year. It is the third largest Hawaiian island, with 597 square miles. It is also the most populated, and home to the capital, Honolulu. Must-sees during your stay include Waikiki and Pearl Harbor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.353229522705078, "source": "search", "title": "8 Large Islands of Hawaii | USA Today" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "What makes Maui Island a special place to visit? Ride a monster break, kayak with dolphins, snorkel underwater, sail and surf through gentle tides. Exploring Maui the island is fun in itself. Hike in the moonlight, soak yourself in smooth soothing waterfall is best part you can experiment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.015350341796875, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Things to do at Maui Island:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.859262466430664, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui Whale Cruise", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.494693756103516, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "If you want to grab a close view of whale here is a place to go for! Maui Whale cruise, a two-hour whale watching cruise gives informative and educational spectacular journey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447270393371582, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Visiting Maui, a Hawaai Island and missing hula dance is not done! Start from aloha greetings to heavy fest and enthralling hula dance, everything is class. The high quality fest is outstanding.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.702127456665039, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Highlights of Maui Island:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.025885581970215, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Maui Beaches:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.673194885253906, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Kahului Airport is main Airport. There are also other commuter airports like Hana and Kapalua. Wailuku is capital of Maui Island. The total population of Maui Island is around 131,531. English and Hawaiian language are officially spoken.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.78011417388916, "source": "search", "title": "Maui Island Second Largest Hawaiian Island - Around The Globe" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "Hawai'i is the largest of the main eight Hawaiian Islands at more than twice the size of the other islands combined (the other islands, in order of size, are Maui, O'ahu, Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Lāna'i, Ni'ihau and Kaho'olawe). Its nickname appropriately is The Big Island.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.45519495010376, "source": "search", "title": "The Largest of The Hawaiian Islands | eHow" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "The highest elevation of Hawai'i is the summit of Mauna Kea at 4,205 m (13,796 feet). The summit of Mauna Loa is a very close second at 4,170 m (13,679 feet). These volcanoes represent the highest elevation of all the Hawaiian Islands. The next highest is Haleakalā volcano on Maui Island at 3,055 m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.010290145874023, "source": "search", "title": "The Largest of The Hawaiian Islands | eHow" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "There are eight islands that make up the island-state.  Of the eight, six are open to visitors; they include Oahu, Maui, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, and Hawaii (often referred to as the Big Island).  It's pretty easy to get from one place to another and you can get flights between Hawaiian islands on any of the three inter island carriers that serve the Aloha State.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.487939834594727, "source": "search", "title": "Hawaii: Hawaiian Islands - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "MAUI:  Maui, also called the Valley Isle, is the second largest of the Hawaiian Islands. Central Maui where the majority of Maui’s population lives and it is the center of the business community. The swap meet in this area is a great place to buy souveniers. West Maui has some of the best beaches on the island. This is where you will find highest concentration of resorts and hotels. South Maui is the hottest and driest part of Maui. It is the location of Wailea, which is the home of multi-million dollar resort hotels. It boasts year-round sunshine and black lava shores. Upcountry Maui is the location of Haleakala, the 10,000 foot mountain located in the center of Maui. On the slopes of Haleakala, House of the Sun, you will find emerald fields, flower farms and even a grove of California redwood. A popular activity is to watch the sunrise from the top of the mountain and then cycle back down - not for the faint of heart! The Road to Hana can be found in East Maui. The Hana Highway is a 52 mile road that winds around 600 curves and 50 one-way bridges. This side of the island gets more rainfall, so the forests are lush and green. There are many scenic stops along the way, so it usually takes more than the stated 3 hours to reach Hana. Maui is a great place for active people because there are so many places to explore, things to do and sights to see. But it’s also great for doing a little snorkeling and kicking back in the sun!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.07354736328125, "source": "search", "title": "Hawaii: Hawaiian Islands - TripAdvisor" }, { "answer": "Maui", "passage": "The one thing you can usually expect on Lanai is nice weather. Manele Bay and Lanai City receives relatively little rainfall compared to most other places in Hawaii. This is thanks to the entire island being in the rain shadow of Haleakala on Maui plus the 3000+ foot hills on the island's north side. Upcountry areas at higher elevations get more rain making the, much more lush. However, you can almost always expect to find sunshine somewhere on Lanai.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.694978713989258, "source": "search", "title": "Hawaii: Hawaiian Islands - TripAdvisor" } ]

[ { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "New York City Ballet (NYCB) is a ballet company founded in 1948 by choreographer George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein. Léon Barzin was the company's first music director. Balanchine and Jerome Robbins are considered the founding choreographers of the company. City Ballet grew out of earlier troupes: the Producing Company of the School of American Ballet, 1934; the American Ballet, 1935, and Ballet Caravan, 1936, which merged into American Ballet Caravan, 1941; and directly from the Ballet Society, 1946.", "precise_score": 8.264015197753906, "rough_score": 8.468545913696289, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "The company was named New York City Ballet in 1948 when it became resident at City Center of Music and Drama. Its success was marked by its move to the New York State Theater, now David H. Koch Theater, designed by Philip Johnson to Balanchine's specifications. City Ballet went on to become the first ballet company in the United States to have two permanent venue engagements: one at Lincoln Center's David H. Koch Theater on 63rd Street in Manhattan, and another at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, in Saratoga Springs, New York. The School of American Ballet (S.A.B.), which Balanchine founded, is the training school of City Ballet.", "precise_score": 6.026321887969971, "rough_score": 6.576974868774414, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Together, Balanchine and Kirstein embarked on the creation of a permanent company to realize their vision. There would be four such enterprises before the establishment of New York City Ballet in 1948. The first of these, American Ballet Company, toured in the eastern United States and was the resident ballet troupe for the Metropolitan Opera (performing under the name American Ballet Ensemble) from 1935-1938. A second company, Ballet Caravan was founded in 1936 to tour and produced notably, among other American works, Lew Christensen's Filling Station and Eugene Loring's Billy the Kid with libretti by Kirstein. It was succeeded by American Ballet Caravan which made a much-acclaimed tour of South America in 1941 before disbanding. Upon Kirstein's return to the States from military service in World War II, Ballet Society was founded in 1946 to present performances for a subscription audience. Following a 1948 performance of Orpheus, the invitation came from City Center's then-Chairman of the Executive Committee, Morton Baum, to establish a resident company to be known as New York City Ballet as part of the City Center of Music and Drama. Kirstein became the Company's General Director and served in that capacity until relinquishing the post in 1989.", "precise_score": 5.264761924743652, "rough_score": 6.541434288024902, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Lincoln Kirstein - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "George Balanchine was a ballet choreographer who co-founded and served as artistic director of the New York City Ballet.", "precise_score": 7.415151596069336, "rough_score": 5.420501232147217, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Born on January 22, 1904, in St. Petersburg, Russia, George Balanchine studied ballet and music in Russia before making his way to America. He gained notoriety as a young choreographer and co-founded the American Ballet. Balanchine was the co-founder, artistic director and chief choreographer of the New York City Ballet, and nearly every ballet company in the world has performed his work. He died in New York City in 1983.", "precise_score": 4.940665245056152, "rough_score": 5.81801700592041, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "After the Ballet Russes collapsed, Balanchine created the company Les Ballets in 1933. Following a performance, American dance aficionado Lincoln Kirstein approached Balanchine about collaboration and the two began a 50-year creative partnership, co-founding the School of American Ballet in 1934. The following year, the professional company known as the American Ballet emerged, becoming the official company of New York's Metropolitan Opera until 1936.", "precise_score": 3.987757682800293, "rough_score": 5.532100200653076, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1946, Kirstein and Balanchine co-founded a company that would become the New York City Ballet. Balanchine served as artistic director of the company, based out of New York State Theater at Lincoln Center. He produced more than 150 works for the company, including \"The Nutcracker.\" While money was tight, Balanchine presented the dancers in practice clothes instead of ornate costumes.", "precise_score": 7.146936416625977, "rough_score": 5.973972320556641, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "The School of American Ballet, founded in 1933 by George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein, remains the highest standard of classical ballet schools. The school remains focused on teaching students to become professional dancers and to work for the top ballet companies throughout the world. The School of American Ballet is also associated with the New York City Ballet and most of the professional dancers at New York City Ballet have come from the school. The school follows much of George Balanchine�s choreography and students who enter it do so through audition. The School of American Ballet�s purpose was to create an American ballet company and it now contains sessions for students aging in range from 6-18 (Clarke & Vaughan, 1977; School of American Ballet, 2009, para. 1-2).", "precise_score": 4.620450973510742, "rough_score": 5.197516441345215, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "The New York City Ballet was founded in 1948 by the same two people of the School of American Ballet: George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein (Clarke & Crisp, 1976; New York City Ballet, 2009, para. 1-4). The New York City Ballet was the first company to have two permanent theatre locations for performances (New York City Ballet, 2009, para. 1-4). With the association of the School of American Ballet, it is also one of the few ballet companies that also train its dancers (Lee, 1999). By far, under the direction of George Balanchine�s choreography, New York City Ballet has become one of the most well established companies in the world (Anderson, 1986; Clarke & Crisp, 1973; New York City Ballet, 2009, para. 1-4).", "precise_score": 7.378200531005859, "rough_score": 7.882184028625488, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In a 1946 letter, Kirstein stated, \"The only justification I have is to enable Balanchine to do exactly what he wants to do in the way he wants to do it.\" He served as the company's General Director from 1946 to 1989, developing and sustaining it by his organizational and fundraising abilities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140284538269043, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "After the company's move to the State Theater, Balanchine's creativity as a choreographer flourished. He created works that were the basis of the company's repertory until his death in 1983. His vision influenced dance both across the United States and in Europe. He worked closely with choreographer Jerome Robbins, who resumed his connection with the company in 1969 after having produced works for Broadway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.272340774536133, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1960 Balanchine mounted City Ballet's Salute to Italy with premieres of Monumentum pro Gesualdo and Variations from Don Sebastian (called the Donizetti Variations since 1961), as well as performances of his La Sonnambula and Lew Christensen's Con Amore. The performance was repeated in 1968.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.488702774047852, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1972 Balanchine offered an eight-day tribute to the composer, his great collaborator, who had died the year before. His programs included twenty-two new works of his own dances, plus works by choreographers Todd Bolender, John Clifford, Lorca Massine, Jerome Robbins, Richard Tanner and John Taras, as well as repertory ballets by Balanchine and Robbins. Balanchine created Symphony in Three Movements, Duo Concertant and Violin Concerto for the occasion. He and Robbins co-choreographed and performed in Pulcinella. Balanchine had produced an earlier Stravinsky festival in 1937 as balletmaster of the American Ballet while engaged by the Metropolitan Opera. The composer conducted the April 27th premiere of Card Party.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.929534435272217, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1975 Balanchine paid his respects to the French composer Maurice Ravel with a two-week Hommage à Ravel. Balanchine, Robbins, Jacques d'Amboise, and Taras made sixteen new ballets for the occasion. Repertory ballets were performed as well. High points included Balanchine's Le Tombeau de Couperin and Robbins' Mother Goose.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.453279495239258, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1981 Balanchine planned a two-week NYCB festival honoring the Russian composer Peter Ilyitch Tschaikovsky. Balanchine, Joseph Duell, d'Amboise, Peter Martins, Robbins and Taras created twelve new dances. In addition to presenting these and repertory ballets, Balanchine re-choreographed his Mozartziana from 1933. Philip Johnson and John Burgee's stage setting of translucent tubing was designed to be hung and lit in different architectural configurations throughout the entire festival.A festival of the same name is planned for 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.169040203094482, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1982 Balanchine organized a centennial celebration in honor of his long-time collaborator Igor Stravinsky, during which the City Ballet performed twenty-five ballets set to the composer’s music. Balanchine made three new ballets, Tango, Élégie and Persephone, and a new version of Variations. The choreographer died the following year. Balanchine ’s 50th Anniversary Celebration was held by the company in 2002.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.838830471038818, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "On April 26, 1984, NYCB celebrated the 20th anniversary of the New York State Theater. The program started with Igor Stravinsky's Fanfare for a New Theater, followed by Stravinsky's arrangement of The Star-Spangled Banner. The ballets included: three of Balanchine's works, Serenade, Stravinsky Violin Concerto, and Sonatine; and Jerome Robbins' Afternoon of a Faun. The performers included Maria Calegari, Kyra Nichols, Heather Watts, Leonid Kozlov, Afshin Mofid, Patricia McBride, Helgi Tomasson, Karin von Aroldingen, Lourdes Lopez, Bart Cook, and Joseph Duell. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.16271744668483734, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "After Balanchine's death in 1983, Peter Martins was selected as balletmaster of the company. After 30 years, Martins was judged to have maintained the New York City Ballet's financial security and the musicality and performance level of the dancers, but he has not emphasized the Balanchine style to the extent that many observers expected he would.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.753711223602295, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "For the company's 40th anniversary, Martins held an American Music Festival, having commissioned dances from choreographers Laura Dean, Eliot Feld, William Forsythe, Lar Lubovitch and Paul Taylor. He also presented ballets by George Balanchine and Robbins. The programs included world premieres of more than twenty dances. Martins contributed Barber Violin Concerto, Black and White, The Chairman Dances, A Fool for You, Fred and George, Sophisticated Lady, Tanzspiel, Tea-Rose and The Waltz Project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.57012939453125, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "NYCB performs fall, winter and spring repertory seasons at the David H. Koch Theater at Lincoln Center as well as George Balanchine's Nutcracker during November and December; they have a summer residency at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center and regularly tour internationally.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.995278358459473, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Peter Martins, who first danced with City Ballet in 1967 joined the company as a principal dancer in 1970, in 1981 was named balletmaster, a title shared with Balanchine, Robbins and John Taras. Martins served as co-balletmaster in chief with Robbins from 1983 to 1989 and assumed sole directorship of the company in 1990.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.964622735977173, "source": "wiki", "title": "New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Igor Stravinsky), Diaghilev commissioned many Western European artists and composers, such as Pablo Picasso and Maurice Ravel, to collaborate on the ballets. Diaghilev's choreographers, Fokine, Polish choreographer Branislava Nijinska, Nijinsky, Russian-born L‚onide Massine, Russian-born American George Balanchine, and the Russian-born French dancer and choreographer Serge Lifar, experimented with new themes and styles of movement. The offshoots of the Ballets Russes revitalized ballet all over the world. The Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova, who danced in its early seasons, formed her own company and toured internationally. Fokine worked with many companies, including the future American Ballet Theatre. Massine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.3739166259765625, "source": "search", "title": "(Example: Apollo , 1928.) He founded the New York City ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "After seeing ballets by George Balanchine, including Prodigal Son (the first Balanchine work he was to experience) in 1929 and Les Ballets 1933 in Paris, Kirstein met the choreographer for the first time in London in 1933 and immediately invited him to work in the United States where together they would build an American ballet tradition. Balanchine's response, \"But, first a school.\" is now part of ballet history. In 1934, the School of American Ballet opened its doors on Madison Avenue with Kirstein as president, a post he held until his retirement in 1989.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3058837056159973, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Lincoln Kirstein - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Among many honors, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom; the Capezio Award (1953), the Distinguished Service Award of the National Institute of Arts and Letters (1958), New York City's Handel Medallion (1973); the National Medal of Arts (1985); the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Fourth Class, Government of Japan (1960); the Brandeis University Notable Achievement Award; the Benjamin Franklin Medal of Britain's Royal Society of Arts (1981); and, with Balanchine, the National Gold Medal of Merit Award of the National Society of Arts and Letters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.50870418548584, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Lincoln Kirstein - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Classical dance amplified by Balanchine's own genius, expressed perfectly Lincoln's immovable conviction that each human being contains the seeds of perfectibility. When he was 28, a significant year, he wrote that ballet provided the means for the human body in heightened capability, to set a poetic standard for each person's ideal capacity. And he wrote and worked toward that standard in connection with everything he cared for all his life. Lincoln's unending personal struggles, and searching and learning, led him in turn to give so much of himself to others. With uncanny intuition he understood who each one of us was: artists, students, friends, supporters alike were woven into a family with common cause.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.748806953430176, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Lincoln Kirstein - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "When he met George Balanchine in London in 1933, Kirstein knew he had found the right person for his dream. Balanchine's training lay in the tradition of the great Russian ballet; he entered the Imperial School of Ballet in St. Petersburg at age 10 and graduated at 17. Also a student at the Petrograd Conservatory of Music during this time, he studied piano and composition. With his schooling behind him and only 20 years old, Balanchine left the newly-created Soviet Union for the West. Shortly thereafter, Sergei Diaghilev invited the young choreographer to join his Monte Carlo-based Ballets Russes. The year was 1924. In 1933, Balanchine accepted Kirstein's invitation to come to America to start the school which was to serve as the incubator of their American ballet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.534292697906494, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Our History - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "The intervening years, however, were not without incident and frustrations. The School's first performance was postponed due to rain, and the initial tour of the newly-formed American Ballet met an untimely end with the simultaneous collapse of both its manager and exchequer. A three-year period at the Metropolitan Opera as its official ballet company ended in disagreements. Several ballet companies were created and dissolved. Efforts ceased temporarily during World War II – Kirstein served in the Army while Balanchine went to the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo as choreographer. During this period, only the existence of the School gave any indication that Kirstein's American ballet dream was still alive. It was the unflagging devotion of these two men in the face of apparently overwhelming odds that was finally able to draw New York City Ballet out of the fire.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.39293098449707, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Our History - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Following the war, Kirstein and Balanchine formed Ballet Society and presented their new company at New York's City Center for Music and Drama. Morton Baum, then chairman of City Center's Finance Committee, was impressed by the quality of what he had seen at one of the performances and approached Kirstein with the suggestion that he transform the ensemble into a New York City Ballet. Kirstein, with his dream in sight, made Baum a promise – that in return for his faith, he would give New York City the finest ballet company in America within three years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.232997417449951, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Our History - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "And, as they say, the rest is history. In 1948, Balanchine invited the 30-year-old Jerome Robbins to join the nascent company as Assistant Artistic Director. After performing at the City Center for Music and Drama, the Company now performs for 23 weeks of the year in the magnificent $30 million, Philip Johnson-designed New York State Theater (now the David H. Koch Theater), built by the City and State of New York. New York City Ballet opened the theater on April 24, 1964, and has since been its resident ballet company. The Saratoga Performing Arts Center has been New York City Ballet's permanent annual summer home since 1966.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.3176281452178955, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Our History - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Currently, the Company has approximately 90 dancers, making it the largest dance organization in America. It has an active repertory of over 150 works, principally choreographed by Balanchine, Robbins and Peter Martins . The School of American Ballet, the official school of New York City Ballet, is thriving in its spacious home in The Samuel B. & David Rose Building at Lincoln Center with an enrollment of over 350 aspiring dancers from nearly every state in the nation and around the world. Following Balanchine's death in 1983, Robbins and Martins shared the title of Ballet Master in Chief overseeing the smooth running of the New York City Ballet. Since 1990, Martins has had sole responsibility for the Company's operations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.16689711809158325, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Our History - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "George Balanchine and Lincoln Kirstein shaped the history of 20th-century dance. Under the direction of Peter Martins, New York City Ballet remains dedicated to the preservation of Balanchine's ideals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.5464208126068115, "source": "search", "title": "NYCB - Our History - New York City Ballet" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer - Biography.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.141772270202637, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "George Balanchine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400280952453613, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Georgy Melitonovich Balanchivadze was born on January 22, 1904, in St. Petersburg, Russia. The son of a composer, Balanchine had a robust understanding of music. In 1914, he enrolled at the Mariinsky Theatre's ballet school. He graduated in 1921 and subsequently attended the Petrograd State Conservatory of Music, leaving the conservatory after three years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.238223075866699, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1922, George Balanchine married a 15-year-old ballet student named Tamara Gevergeyeva. This was the first of four separate marriages to dancers, and for each of his wives, Balanchine would make a ballet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.179914951324463, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In 1924, Balanchine was invited to tour Germany as part of the Soviet State Dancers. A year later, the young choreographer joined Serge Diaghilev's Ballet Russes. (His birth name, Balanchivadze, was shortened to Balanchine at Diaghilev's insistence.) At just 21 years old, Balanchine took over as choreographer for the group, one of the most renowned ballet companies in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.484069347381592, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "In addition to ballet, George Balanchine choreographed Hollywood movies and Broadway musicals. He is known for his connection to Igor Stravinsky; Balanchine created many ballets to his work, some in collaboration with the composer. He made more than 465 works, which have been performed by nearly every ballet company in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.0110764503479, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Balanchine created plotless ballets, where the dancing upstaged glitz and storytelling. His work never featured a star, as he believed the performance should outshine the individual. He is credited with developing the neo-classical style distinct to the 20th century. Balanchine served as the artistic director of the New York City Ballet until his death, on April 30, 1983, in New York City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0078511238098145, "source": "search", "title": "George Balanchine - Ballet Dancer, Choreographer ..." }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "George Balanchine, originally named Georgi Melitonovich Balanchivadze, traveled throughout the world as a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer until finally settling in the United States in 1933 (Clarke & Crisp, 1973). He moved to the United States under the encouragemet of Lincoln Kirstein to help establish an American ballet company (Lee, 1999). With that and under his direction, New York City Ballet became, ��one of the outstanding ballet companies in the world� (Kraus & Chapman 1981, p. 161).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.546378254890442, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Most notable of George Balanchine was his style of choreography. He was credited with being the creator of neoclassical ballet, which is considered a more contemporary form of ballet in which elaborate sets are eliminated and the main focus remains on the dancers (Lee, 1999). Neoclassical ballet often can be referred to as the first form of contemporary ballet. The performance also are non-traditional in that it often does not contain a plot and when they do contain a plot are more realistic in form; performances also can be plotted in parody form. The teaching as well as the dancing is less rigid in comparison to classical ballet (Lee, 1999; Neoclassical Ballet, 2009, para. 1-2).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.514778137207031, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Under Balanchine�s direction of the New York City Ballet and the neoclassical style of ballet, the United States began to be comparable to the competitive European and Russian companies (Greskovic, 1998). The New York City Ballet�s competitive company, the American Ballet Theatre, also became world-renowned (Lawson, 1973).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.2746057510375977, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Known for being an American ballet dancer and choreographer, his training as a dancer originated in Russia in the Kirov Ballet. In 1974, he sought political asylum, working as a freelance artist internationally and in the United States as a principal dancer. He began his work as a dancer in the New York City Ballet, learning under George Balanchine�s direction, but in 1980 accepted a permanent position in the American Ballet Theatre both as a dancer and artistic director. Baryshnikov is known for having highly skilled technique and grace (Gruen, 1975; Mikhail Baryshnikov, 2009).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5514707565307617, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "George Balanchine (1904-1983)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.016164779663086, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" }, { "answer": "Balanchine", "passage": "Born Georgi Melitonovich Balanchivadze, Balanchine became one of the most influential people in American ballet. He co-founded the School of American Ballet and the New York City Ballet with Lincoln Kirstein and is credited being the creator of neoclassical style of ballet. Neoclassical style ballet can be considered the first form of modern ballet (Clarke & Crisp, 1973; Clarke & Crisp, 1976; Gruen, 1975; Lee, 1999; Scholl, 1994).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.1837527751922607, "source": "search", "title": "Ballet in the United States" } ]

[ { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "Jim Fixx , author of The Complete Book Of Running and credited with igniting America's zeal for jogging in the 70s died in 1984. He was 52. Fixx died of a heart attack during his daily run.", "precise_score": 5.759887218475342, "rough_score": 5.8641037940979, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "Jim Fixx had not always been a runner. Up until his mid-thirties, he smoked two packs of cigarettes a day, loved his burgers and shakes, and weighed 220 pounds. But at age thirty-five, he stopped smoking and began running. Within a short time he was running eighty miles a week and racing marathons, and had lost all his excess weight. His belief in the healing powers of running was so great, though, that he did not think he had to change his diet much. In his bestselling book, Fixx repeatedly quoted Thomas Bassler, M.D., who was then claiming that any nonsmoker fit enough to run a complete marathon in under four hours would never suffer a fatal heart attack.", "precise_score": -9.13522720336914, "rough_score": -10.58171272277832, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.53237533569336, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510904312133789, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "\"Exercise is tremendously important, but sometimes people try to accomplish with exercise alone what can be achieved only with a combination of exercise and nutrition. Those who believe that exercise can compensate for a high-fat diet, excess sugar consumption, or other dietary transgressions could learn from what happened to a remarkable man named Jim Fixx.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289541244506836, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "Jim didn't just ignore expert advice that he needed to eat more healthfully. On at least one occasion, he went out of his way to criticize those who offered such advice. At the time, probably the world's foremost advocate of a low-fat diet as a means to open and heal clogged arteries was Nathan Pritikin. In his book titled Diet for Runners, Pritikin described a conversation he had with Jim Fixx that took place in January 1984:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.136683464050293, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "\"Jim Fixx phoned me and criticized the chapter \"Run and Die on the American Diet\" in my book The Pritikin Promise. In that chapter, I said that many runners on the average American diet have died and will continue to drop dead during or shortly after long-distance events or training sessions. Jim thought the chapter was hysterical in tone and would frighten a lot of runners. I told him that was my intention. I hoped it would frighten them into changing their diets. I explained that I think it is better to be hysterical before someone dies than after. Too many men, I told Jim, had already died because they believed that anyone who could run a marathon in under four hours and who was a nonsmoker had absolute immunity from having a heart attack.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19465446472168, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "Sadly, only six months after this conversation, a passing motorcyclist discovered a man lying dead beside the road in northern Vermont. He was clad only in shorts and running shoes. The man was Jim Fixx.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.94242000579834, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" }, { "answer": "Jim Fixx", "passage": "The real moral of Jim Fixx's tragic death is that while exercise is wonderful and necessary for a healthy life, it cannot make up for poor eating habits.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407564163208008, "source": "search", "title": "Fanatic Cook: Jack LaLanne Vs. Jim Fixx: Diet Matters" } ]

[ { "answer": "Majestic", "passage": "First produced at the Majestic Theatre on January 21, 1903, with Fred Stone as \"Scarecrow\" and David Montgomery as \"Tin Woodman\".", "precise_score": -4.062470436096191, "rough_score": -10.23489761352539, "source": "search", "title": "The Wizard of Oz - TheatreHistory.com" }, { "answer": "Majestic", "passage": "That such a scene regularly materializes at the Majestic Theater, and to a somewhat lesser degree at the other midtown theaters presenting black influenced productions, is due, most observers say, almost wholly to word of mouth within the black community that stretches from city to city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.577227592468262, "source": "search", "title": "The Super Soul Musical - History of ' The Wiz" } ]

[ { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "On January 8, 1992, Headline News almost became the victim of a hoax. When President George H.W. Bush fainted at a state dinner in Tokyo, Japan, a person claiming to be the president's physician called into the channel's Atlanta headquarters and claimed that Bush had died. At 9:45 a.m., anchor Don Harrison prepared to break the story, stating \"This just in to CNN Headline News, and we say right off the bat, we have not confirmed this through any other sources...\" Executive producer Roger Bahre, who was off-camera, immediately yelled \"No! Stop!\" After glancing away momentarily, Harrison continued, \"We are now getting a correction. We will not give you that story. It was regarding some rather tragic news involving President Bush, but updating that story, President Bush is reported to be resting comfortably.\" It turned out that an Idaho man, James Edward Smith, called CNN posing as the president's physician. A CNN employee entered the information into a centralized computer used by both CNN and Headline News, and it nearly got out on the air before it could be verified. Smith was subsequently questioned by the Secret Service and hospitalized at a private medical facility for evaluation. ", "precise_score": 2.809443950653076, "rough_score": 5.717146873474121, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "Joy Behar of \"The View\" should feel comfortable when her prime-time HLN talk show debuts on Sept. 29. The network formerly known as CNN Headline News is making headway with women, even if that wasn't necessarily the game plan.", "precise_score": 6.331860542297363, "rough_score": 6.320593357086182, "source": "search", "title": "The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN Headline News) in Breakthrough Women ITNAmerica Press Room", "precise_score": 7.253494739532471, "rough_score": 7.975082874298096, "source": "search", "title": "Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN ..." }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN Headline News) in Breakthrough Women", "precise_score": 7.097793102264404, "rough_score": 8.077983856201172, "source": "search", "title": "Watch Katherine Freund on HLN (formerly known as CNN ..." }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "HLN , formerly known as CNN Headline News, which once aired just that . Every half hour would start with the top stories, followed by business stories. At 15 minutes they would quickly recap the top stories then cover sports, and at 25 minutes they would have a short human interest piece. Then it would start over again. Starting in 2005, however, it began to suffer from Network Decay , catering to news/current affairs talk shows (during primetime and late night/early morning hours), pop culture/celebrity reporting, live court cases, and Missing White Woman Syndrome .", "precise_score": 7.589685916900635, "rough_score": 6.7241530418396, "source": "search", "title": "CNN (Creator) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "HLN (formerly Headline News) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the Turner Broadcasting System division of Time Warner. The channel is a spin-off of the U.S. Cable News Network.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6675168871879578, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN2", "passage": "The channel originally launched as CNN2 on January 1, 1982. In January of the following year, it was renamed Headline News. From around that point until 1992, the channel was often abbreviated as \"HN\" (the channel would later incorporate a die-cut \"HN\" block design within the original variant of its third logo when it was introduced in 1989, before it was fully supplanted by the wordmark that accompanied it in 1992, which was later italicized).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.402191638946533, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline", "passage": "Originally, the channel's programming was formatted around the idea that a viewer could tune in at any time of day or night (instead of having to wait for the merely once- or twice-daily national news segments in local newscasts, or morning or evening network news programs), and receive up-to-date information on the top national and international stories in just 30 minutes. This \"Headline News Wheel\" format featured: general news during the top (:00) and bottom (:30) of the hour; \"Dollars and Sense\" business and personal finance reports at 15 and 45 minutes past each hour; sports scores and headlines (branded as \"Headline Sports\") at 20 and 50 minutes past the hour; and lifestyle reports at 25 and 55 minutes past the hour. The :25/:55 lifestyle segment was designed to allow local cable systems the option of pre-empting it with a local headline \"capsule\" from an associated regional cable news channel or a local television station. Another regular feature, the \"Hollywood Minute\", was often fitted-in after the \"Headline Sports\" segment. In the channel's early years, a two-minute recap of the hour's top stories, the \"CNN Headlines,\" would run after the sports segment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.692162036895752, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "Its longest-serving news anchor was Chuck Roberts, who retired on July 30, 2010, after a 28-year career with the network. During its first year, Headline News had a competitor in the form of ABC/Group W's Satellite News Channel, which operated from June 21, 1982 to October 27, 1983. SNC's satellite slot was then purchased by Ted Turner to expand Headline News' reach further into additional homes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.22598077356815338, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "Jon Petrovich was hired in the mid-1980s by Turner to lead Headline News. In 1990, Headline News developed Local Edition, a six-minute-long local newscast, whose content was produced by a local broadcast station in the participating market, airing at the end of each half-hour of Headline News' rolling news block. The channel included the \"CNN\" branding in its name intermittently for most of its history, before being incorporated on a regular basis from 1997 to 2007 (though an alternate logo without the CNN logo was used for news broadcasts through 2001).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.19425106048584, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "In 1989, Headline News introduced a ticker that appeared at the lower one-third of the screen – except during commercial breaks, which initially showed stock market data with indexes of the major stock exchanges (including the Dow Jones Industrial Average, NASDAQ and the S&P 500) and quotes for major companies during trading hours, which were updated on a 15-minute delay. In 1992, the channel added the \"Headline News SportsTicker\", which showed sports scores and schedules for the day's upcoming games, creating the first continuous news ticker on television. The redesign resulted in video of the rolling newscasts becoming pillarboxed with blue bars on the left and right wings of the screen (matching the ticker's original coloring), before it returned to a full-screen format, with the ticker becoming a translucent black background overlaid on the lower third of the video, as part of a 1994 update to the channel's graphics package that also added weather forecasts for select major U.S. cities to the ticker; the ticker itself would add the Headline News logo, and as such, would no longer be seen alongside the copyright date in the closing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8698291778564453, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "In 1992, Headline News pioneered the use of a digital video \"jukebox\" to recycle segments of one newscast seamlessly into another. The new technology reduced the number of staffers needed by enabling news segments to be re-used throughout an entire day (previously, anchors read the same stories repeatedly, hour after hour, with the second 15 minutes of each half-hour in the \"wheel\" being broadcast on videotape every third and fourth hour). This resulted in the layoffs of part of its staff, including such stalwart anchors as Lyn Vaughn, David Goodnow and Bob Losure, all of whom had been with Headline News for over 10 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.42175889015197754, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "The channel became noted for its distinct \"screen\" that was introduced in August 2001 as part of an extensive imaging overhaul of CNN Headline News (which included the introduction of a new simplified wordmark logo that incorporated the \"CNN\" brand full-time), in which the news anchor (or news footage) appears in a sort of visual \"window\" surrounded by constantly changing text, such as breaking news, sports scores, stock market reports and weather updates. Due to the growing competition from Fox News Channel and MSNBC, in 2003 Time Warner revamped CNN Headline News with a more flexible format, featuring live reports and utilizing two anchors to co-host the channel's rolling news coverage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.60105037689209, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "The channel's new programs included Showbiz Tonight, a daily entertainment news show hosted by A.J. Hammer (which ran until November 2013); an eponymous legal news and discussion program hosted by Nancy Grace; and a general national news program titled Prime News Tonight, hosted by Mike Galanos. This move had the unintended consequence of eliminating the main difference between CNN Headline News and CNN (during primetime), since CNN had always broadcast a variety of news-related programs (such as documentaries and personality-based shows like Larry King Live).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.105073928833008, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "Additional programming changes took place with the introduction of News To Me, a program featuring only user-generated content, in May of that year, a daily broadcast of the previous evening's Larry King Live in June, and a shift towards the channel's rolling news coverage being handled by a single anchor, deviating from the channel's traditional dual anchor format that had been in use since 2003 while in turn restoring the original anchor format that Headline News had used prior to then. The Larry King Live rebroadcast was later replaced by an encore of the previous evening's edition of Showbiz Tonight (that in turn was dropped for an extension of Morning Express).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.314377307891846, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "On December 15, 2008, in conjunction with CNN's own graphics changes, which resembled the graphics of its sister channel CNN International, Headline News replaced its news ticker with a \"flipper\", which featured an RSS feed of the current headlines on its parent network's website, CNN.com. The same day, a new square logo with a triangular appendage (making it resemble a speech bubble) overlaid by an \"HLN\" acronym was introduced, initially alongside the channel's full name. Two days later, the \"Headline News\" name was removed from on-air use with the HLN acronym becoming the channel's name full-time, and a new slogan, \"News and Views\", was introduced (the \"Headline News\" name remains in use for on-screen copyright notices).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.668041229248047, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "HLNTV", "passage": "On July 18, 2011, CNN began offering live streams of HLN for mobile devices to subscribers of certain pay television services. On November 4, 2011, HLN launched its own website at hlntv.com. By contrast to CNN.com, the site is run by HLN's own editorial staff, emphasizing \"must see and must share\" stories, and content tying into its television programs. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.70688533782959, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "Due to the channel's tradition of airing rolling news coverage, HLN had become popular with people who may not have time to watch lengthy news reports, in addition to places where a high demand for \"get to the point\" news exists, such as airports, bars, and many other places. Supermarkets that carried the discontinued CNN Checkout Channel service was offered a feed of Headline News to broadcast on its televisions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.2358848750591278, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "Headline News", "passage": "Since its inception, Headline News has been syndicated to broadcast television stations (especially affiliates of major broadcast networks) throughout the United States, with its programming mainly airing in overnight time periods as stations began to transition from signing off at night to carrying a full 24-hour program schedule. Until 1995, much of Headline News' programming was simulcast on sister channel CNN International; the channel's news ticker was not displayed on CNN International during its simulcasts of Headline News programming.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.3870763778686523, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN Student News", "passage": "At 4:00 a.m. ET on weekdays, HLN used to broadcast CNN Student News, a 10-minute news program designed for broadcast in schools that is produced as part of the Cable in the Classroom initiative; the program is anchored by Carl Azuz, with reports on the day's news presented in a simplified format (and with stories featuring graphic imagery or adult themes usually left out from the program). It no longer airs on HLN as of 2014, but is still available as a free podcast on CNN's website and iTunes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.844340801239014, "source": "wiki", "title": "HLN (TV network)" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8176960945129395, "source": "search", "title": "The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8176960945129395, "source": "search", "title": "The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News" }, { "answer": "CNN Headline News", "passage": "Just ask The View's Joy Behar who just landed herself a job as the host of her own program on HLN, the network formerly known as CNN Headline News.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.281585216522217, "source": "search", "title": "The View's Joy Behar Gets Own Show on CNN Headline News" } ]

[ { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "During Coolidge's presidency, the United States experienced a period of rapid economic growth known as the \"Roaring Twenties.\" He left the administration's industrial policy in the hands of his activist Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, who energetically used government auspices to promote business efficiency and develop airlines and radio. Coolidge disdained regulation, and demonstrated this by appointing commissioners to the Federal Trade Commission and the Interstate Commerce Commission who did little to restrict the activities of businesses under their jurisdiction. The regulatory state under Coolidge was, as one biographer described it, \"thin to the point of invisibility.\"", "precise_score": 2.6634340286254883, "rough_score": 3.718644380569458, "source": "wiki", "title": "Calvin Coolidge" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Coolidge published his autobiography in 1929 and wrote a syndicated newspaper column, \"Calvin Coolidge Says,\" from 1930 to 1931. Faced with looming defeat in the 1932 presidential election, some Republicans spoke of rejecting Herbert Hoover as their party's nominee, and instead drafting Coolidge to run, but the former president made it clear that he was not interested in running again, and that he would publicly repudiate any effort to draft him, should it come about. Hoover was renominated, and Coolidge made several radio addresses in support of him. Hoover then lost the general election to Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in a landslide.", "precise_score": 2.7123398780822754, "rough_score": 6.576164722442627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Calvin Coolidge" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity. As a Coolidge biographer wrote, \"He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength.\" Coolidge's retirement was relatively short, as he died at the age of 60 in January 1933, less than two months before his direct successor, Herbert Hoover, left office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.405976295471191, "source": "wiki", "title": "Calvin Coolidge" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Perhaps the most contentious issue of Coolidge's presidency was relief for farmers. Some in Congress proposed a bill designed to fight falling agricultural prices by allowing the federal government to purchase crops to sell abroad at lower prices. Agriculture Secretary Henry C. Wallace and other administration officials favored the bill when it was introduced in 1924, but rising prices convinced many in Congress that the bill was unnecessary, and it was defeated just before the elections that year. In 1926, with farm prices falling once more, Senator Charles L. McNary and Representative Gilbert N. Haugen—both Republicans—proposed the McNary–Haugen Farm Relief Bill. The bill proposed a federal farm board that would purchase surplus production in high-yield years and hold it (when feasible) for later sale or sell it abroad. Coolidge opposed McNary-Haugen, declaring that agriculture must stand \"on an independent business basis,\" and said that \"government control cannot be divorced from political control.\" Instead of manipulating prices, he favored instead Herbert Hoover's proposal to create profits by modernizing agriculture. Secretary Mellon wrote a letter denouncing the McNary-Haugen measure as unsound and likely to cause inflation, and it was defeated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.233173847198486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Calvin Coolidge" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "In the summer of 1927, Coolidge vacationed in the Black Hills of South Dakota, where he engaged in horseback riding and fly fishing and attended rodeos. He made Custer State Park his \"summer White House.\" While on vacation, Coolidge surprisingly issued a terse statement that he would not seek a second full term as president: \"I do not choose to run for President in 1928.\" After allowing the reporters to take that in, Coolidge elaborated. \"If I take another term, I will be in the White House till 1933 … Ten years in Washington is longer than any other man has had it—too long!\" In his memoirs, Coolidge explained his decision not to run: \"The Presidential office takes a heavy toll of those who occupy it and those who are dear to them. While we should not refuse to spend and be spent in the service of our country, it is hazardous to attempt what we feel is beyond our strength to accomplish.\" After leaving office, he and Grace returned to Northampton, where he wrote his memoirs. The Republicans retained the White House in 1928 in the person of Coolidge's Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover. Coolidge had been reluctant to endorse Hoover as his successor; on one occasion he remarked that \"for six years that man has given me unsolicited advice—all of it bad.\" Even so, Coolidge had no desire to split the party by publicly opposing the nomination of the popular commerce secretary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7590348124504089, "source": "wiki", "title": "Calvin Coolidge" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Some presidents have had significant careers after leaving office. Prominent examples include William Howard Taft's tenure as Chief Justice of the United States and Herbert Hoover's work on government reorganization after World War II. Grover Cleveland, whose bid for reelection failed in 1888, was elected president again four years later in 1892. Two former presidents served in Congress after leaving the White House: John Quincy Adams was elected to the House of Representatives, serving there for seventeen years, and Andrew Johnson returned to the Senate in 1875. John Tyler served in the provisional Congress of the Confederate States during the Civil War and was elected to the Confederate House of Representatives, but died before that body first met.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.911794662475586, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Since Herbert Hoover, each president has created a repository known as a presidential library for preserving and making available his papers, records and other documents and materials. Completed libraries are deeded to and maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA); the initial funding for building and equipping each library must come from private, non-federal sources. There are currently thirteen presidential libraries in the NARA system. There are also presidential libraries maintained by state governments and private foundations and Universities of Higher Education, such as the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, which is run by the State of Illinois, the George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum, which is run by Texas A&M University and the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library and Museum, which is run by the University of Texas at Austin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.841310501098633, "source": "wiki", "title": "President of the United States" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Although many people believed that Coolidge could have won re-election in 1928, he publicly announced his decision not to run on August 2, 1927, in a simple note delivered to reporters at a press conference. The physical strain of the job, as well as the death of his father and his youngest son, had depleted his energy and interest in another term. The Republican Party turned to Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), who had served as secretary of commerce under both Harding and Coolidge, as its candidate.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.740929126739502, "source": "search", "title": "Calvin Coolidge - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Despite his great popularity, Coolidge declined to run for an additional term in 1928 and was succeeded by Herbert Hoover. He explained in his autobiography: “The Presidential office takes a heavy toll of those who occupy it and those who are dear to them. While we should not refuse to spend and be spent in the service of our country, it is hazardous to attempt what we feel is beyond our strength to accomplish.” [10] With his typical humility, Coolidge stated, “We draw our Presidents from the people. It is a wholesome thing for them to return to the people. I came from them. I wish to be one of them again.” [11]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.0686415359377861, "source": "search", "title": "Calvin Coolidge: Forefather of Our Conservatism" }, { "answer": "Herbert Hoover", "passage": "Harding appointed capable men to his cabinet, including Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1948) and Secretary of the Treasury Andrew Mellon (1855-1937). However, he also surrounded himself with individuals who were later accused of misconduct. Harding was popular while in office, but his reputation was tarnished following his death when Americans learned of corruption within his administration–even though he had not engaged in any of this criminal activity. In one infamous incident, known as the Teapot Dome Scandal, Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall (1861-1944) rented public lands to oil companies in exchange for gifts and personal loans. (Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes and spent less than a year in prison.) Other government officials took payoffs and embezzled funds. Harding himself allegedly had extramarital affairs and drank alcohol in the White House , a violation of the 18th Amendment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.910710334777832, "source": "search", "title": "Warren G. Harding - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Seventy-five years ago, the world's first parking meter cast its thin, ominous shadow on the streets of Oklahoma City. The meter was the brainchild of Carlton C. Magee, a local publisher and Chamber of Commerce Traffic Committee chief, and he hoped it would solve the city's chronic parking problems. In the pre-meter days, police would drive around with stopwatches and chalk, enforcing the city's parking time limits by marking the tires of cars seen squatting for too long, but the system was ill-equipped to handle the \"endemic overparking\" problem. Even worse, a survey found that at any given time, 80 percent of the city's spots were occupied by employees of downtown businesses—the very same businesses complaining that lack of parking was driving away shoppers. Calling for an \"efficient, impartial, and thoroughly practical aid to parking regulation,\" Magee held a student-design contest and launched his instrument.", "precise_score": 0.21893323957920074, "rough_score": -4.316033363342285, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Magee's meter was crude—only later models had the red \"expired\" warning flag—and its mechanism was hardly Swiss in its movements. (In an Einsteinian turn, early meters were often said to \"shorten time.\") But McGee's device was effective—a spark cast upon the vast, dry tinder of congested downtowns. \"The parking meter's rapid and eventually universal spread can be understood on at least two grounds,\" write John Jakle and Keith Sculle in their illuminating book Lots of Parking . First, meters did the job, ensuring a steadier supply of parking by increasing turnover. Second, they took what had been a \"free\" good—free only in the sense it was not charged for on the spot—and turned it into a viable revenue stream for cities.", "precise_score": -7.350852966308594, "rough_score": -7.727697849273682, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "And a perpetual irritant for motorists. Parking meters are hacked (check youtube), stolen (watch Cool Hand Luke ), and otherwise subjected to a variety of abuse ( physical and even sexual assaults)—as are those charged with their enforcement . Is it that we simply don't like to pay for what we think should be free? Or is it something deeper—does their ruthless ticking not serve as some stark reminder of our mortality? (\" Time Expired .\") Whatever the reason, parking meters are loved only when they are broken.", "precise_score": -9.871593475341797, "rough_score": -10.136049270629883, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "There were objections. When the Merchants Association suggested meters for New York City in 1936, it was greeted by a legal challenge from the local Automobile Club, which declared, as reported in the New York Times, that neither the state nor city had the \"power to charge the owners of automobiles for parking in the streets, for any purpose whatsoever, whether it be to raise revenue or to regulate traffic.\" That same year, borough president Samuel Levy declared the parking meter \"has no place upon the city streets.\" Indeed, while the image of New York City is now irrevocably bound up with arcane parking regulations and meters—and one might imagine them as the product of the congested, big-government East Coast, not a wildcatting, low-tax Western city—it was not until 1951 that the first meters hit Gotham.", "precise_score": -11.111163139343262, "rough_score": -10.922958374023438, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Meters came even later to London. The first sixpence, notes historian Joe Moran, was pressed into a meter in Mayfair in 1958, sparking some populist resistance. (\"They've stuck parking meters/ outside our doors to greet us,\" sang Max Bygraves—and, yes, the couplet rhymes—in his 1960 song \"Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'be,\" a sort of Cockney version of Merle Haggard's \"That's the Way It Was in '51.\") *", "precise_score": -11.35241413116455, "rough_score": -10.761484146118164, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "But rationality often is left at the curb when it comes to paid parking—and the meters that enforce it. Barter contends that we see meter fees as yet another tax; in his novel Millennium People , J.G. Ballard, suggesting that \"the bourgeoisie are the new proletariat,\" includes the vandalism of parking meters in his taxonomy of new class rage. And a onetime viewing of the show Parking Wars will confirm this sense of motorist persecution—and conversely, entitlement. \"It's a controversy in every city,\" Andrew Dunn, the show's producer, told the Las Vegas Review-Journal. \"People feel entitled to parking without paying. It's like free air.\"", "precise_score": -10.554664611816406, "rough_score": -10.620047569274902, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "The parking meter was invented by a man named Carlton Magee. The first one was installed in the USA in 1935. A Swede named Nils Bohlin developed the three-point seat belt in 1959. In 1983 wearing a seat belt was made compulsory in Britain. Wheel clamps were introduced to Britain in 1983 and speed cameras in 1992.", "precise_score": 1.091773509979248, "rough_score": 1.7780704498291016, "source": "search", "title": "History of Transport - An Encyclopedia of World History" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "An early patent for a parking meter, US patent, was filed by Roger W. Babson, on August 30, 1928. The meter was intended to operate on power from the battery of the parking vehicle and required a connection from the vehicle to the meter.", "precise_score": -11.057415008544922, "rough_score": -10.456124305725098, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Holger George Thuesen and Gerald A. Hale designed the first working parking meter, the Black Maria, in 1935. The History Channel's... History's Lost and Found documents their success in developing the first working parking meter. Thuesen and Hale were engineering professors at Oklahoma State and began working on the parking meter in 1933 at the request of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma lawyer and newspaper publisher Carl C. Magee. The world's first installed parking meter was in Oklahoma City on July 16, 1935. Magee received a patent for the apparatus on 24 May 1938.", "precise_score": -8.584352493286133, "rough_score": -8.793067932128906, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "M.H. Rhodes Inc. of Hartford, Connecticut started making meters for Mark-Time Parking Meter Company of Miami, where the first Rhodes meters were installed in 1936. These were different from the Magee design because only the driver's action of turning a handle was necessary to keep the spring wound, while Magee's meters needed a serviceman to wind the spring occasionally.", "precise_score": -4.534693241119385, "rough_score": -8.955763816833496, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "In his quest to design a working parking meter, he sought the help of Gerald A. Hale and Professor H.G. Thuesen over at Oklahoma State University, whom assisted Magee in making his idea a reality.", "precise_score": -3.952302932739258, "rough_score": -8.496858596801758, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "By the 1930s automobiles were flooding America, and parking was first becoming a problem. Downtown merchants worried because business suffered when parking spots were clogged with the same cars all day long. Carl Magee, an Oklahoma newspaperman with a checkered past, thought up a solution — a coin-operated timer — but he didn’t know how to make it work. Two professors at Oklahoma State University (Prof. H.G. Thueson and Gerald A.Hale–ed. geek) listened to Magee’s idea and developed an operating model. The first 150 parking meters were installed in downtown Oklahoma City on 16 July 1935 (allegedly installed them under the cover of darkness!–ed. geek). The meters charged a nickel an hour. They were not a hit.", "precise_score": -3.8845815658569336, "rough_score": -8.070631980895996, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "According to accounts Oklahoma City paid a whopping $23 per parking meter to the Dual Parking Meter Company–the company Magee founded to manufacture parking meters. It was named “Dual” because, as the story goes, the meters served two purposes, one for controlling parking and two, for revenue generation.", "precise_score": -5.880503177642822, "rough_score": -9.668868064880371, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Before you start cheering, you should know that in 1935, after he moved to Oklahoma City, Carl Magee invented the parking meter . He was now chairman of the local Chamber of Commerce traffic committee, and downtown retailers were screaming about all-day parking keeping shoppers away.", "precise_score": -5.1688737869262695, "rough_score": -8.636398315429688, "source": "search", "title": "10 Famous People Who Did Great Things In Other Fields ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "The parking meter was invented by American Carlton C Magee in Oklahoma in 1935.", "precise_score": -0.4736475348472595, "rough_score": 0.6576908826828003, "source": "search", "title": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years | News | London ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Check out a Magnum Photos gallery of parking and parking meters .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.560812950134277, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Three-quarters of a century on, several things are clear. The first is that parking meters, a seemingly mundane fact of the urban landscape, remain as fraught and controversial as when they were first installed. And secondly, the time has finally come for a sweeping rethink of the parking meter—in part because of changes in technology, and in part because of an emerging change in the way we think about parking in cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.335835456848145, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Early on, parking meters weren't usually installed wholesale, notes parking scholar Donald Shoup. In his book, The High Cost of Free Parking , he writes that Oklahoma City began with a trial on only one side of the street. \"On the unmetered side is confusion,\" noted the city's manager. \"On the metered side is order, sufficient room for every car to be parked and driven out quickly and easily, and there are usually parking spaces open.\" Two years later, Shoup writes, there were more than 20,000 meters in 35 cities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384991645812988, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "In 1987, Aaron Adiv and Wanzhi Wang produced a wonderfully detailed paper titled \"On Street-Parking Meter Behavior,\" an effort to combat what they called \"a lack of systematic knowledge about parking behavior at parking meters.\" Among the more interesting findings of the study (which looked at Ann Arbor, Mich., but whose findings, according to the authors, were representative of much of the United States): That meter occupancy was nearly 100 percent; that four in five parkers used the meters for less than an hour; that the \"real cost\" to parkers of fees and fines had actually declined over the past few decades; and, strikingly, that enforcement is quite low. Only 8.1 percent of violations were ticketed, they found, and \"exceeded time—the hours taken up by cars parked illegally once the meter expires—used up 25 percent of the total \"space-hours,\" reducing capacity by as much as 61 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.175034523010254, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Are such initiatives good for cities, and for drivers? At the very least, they're good for the private companies that run them. Whether by lack of competence or lack of political will, cities are highly ineffective in extracting money out of meters. But as the Chicago News Cooperative has reported , Chicago Parking Meters, the consortium that now (with Morgan Stanley as a controlling interest) runs the city's meters, collected $73 million in its first year of operation—more than three times the city's average take—by increasing enforcement and raising rates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352774620056152, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Of course, most people don't really pause to think of parking meters as integral to wider transportation issues, or even as public space. As planner Paul Barter , writing about Park(ing) Day , the now global project in which people commandeer parking spaces to display art, have a picnic, or pretty much do anything but park a car, observes, \"I suspect that most people don't really think of 'feeding the parking meter' as some kind of rental payment for real-estate space. If motorists really did see it that way, it might be a lot easier for cities to bring in rational parking pricing policies.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.057876586914062, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "In New York City and other places, parking meter \"grace periods\"—an extra five minutes for someone whose meter has expired—have been floated for lazy political gain. But such plans merely postpone and complicate the inevitable confrontation with the hapless traffic agent; not to mention that your five minutes of grace is everyone else's parking hell. And to quote Bike Snob : \"Why do we—a people who are supposed to be the hardiest, savviest urbanites in the United States (if not the entire Western world)—need an extra five minutes to move our cars? … [W]e're so fast that they actually named a unit of time after us.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.058333396911621, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "There is hope on the horizon, however: The eventual abolishment of the parking meter. I am not talking here about removing paid parking altogether as some cities, seemingly ignoring the lessons of the past, keep trying to do. ( Eugene, Ore., recently removed parking meters and will go back to chalk-based enforcement, echoing that old refrain that parking meters drive away business; the city's parking manager observed, \"we are counting on downtown businesses to police their own, as employee parking on street will make or break the program.\"Good luck with that.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.425806045532227, "source": "search", "title": "Time Expired: The End of the Parking Meter - Slate Magazine" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meter - 必应", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.499478340148926, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471409797668457, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meters installed by municipalities are considered legal if the parking meters are used for purposes of parking regulation and not for revenue purposes.[citation needed] In a 1937 case in Oklahoma, H.E. Duncan contended that the ordinances impose a fee for the free use of the streets, which is a right of all citizens of the state granted by state law. The Courts ruled that free use of the streets is not an absolute right, but agreed with an unpublished[citation needed] 1936 Florida court decision that said, \"If it had been shown that the streets on which parking meters have been installed under this ordinance are not streets where the traffic is sufficiently heavy to require any parking regulations ... (展开) of this sort, or that the city was making inordinate and unjustified profits by means of the parking meters, and was resorting to their use not for regulatory purposes but for revenue only, there might have been a different judgment.\" One of the first parking meter tickets resulted in the first court challenge to metered parking enforcement. Rev. C.H. North of Oklahoma's City's Third Pentecostal Holiness Church had his citation dismissed when he claimed he had gone to a grocery store to get change for the meter. The North Carolina Supreme Court judged that a city could not pledge on-street parking meter fee proceeds as security for bonds issued to build off-street parking decks. The court said, \"Streets of a municipality are provided for public use. A city board has no valid authority to rent, lease or let a parking space on the streets to an individual motorist 'for a fee' or to charge a rate or toll therefor. Much less may it lease or let the whole system of on-street parking meters for operation by a private corporation or individual.\" A 2009 lawsuit filed by the Independent Voters of Illinois -Independent Precinct Organization (IVI-IPO) claimed the City of Chicago ’s 2008 concession agreement for the operation of its parking meters to a private company violated state law. In November 2010, portions of the suit were thrown out by the Cook County Circuit Court, including the claim that the city was using public funds unlawfully to enforce parking regulations after it was decided by the presiding judge that the city retained its ability to write tickets and enforce parking laws. However, the judge allowed other parts of the suit to stand, including an accusation that the city unlawfully conceded some of its policing power and its ability to set parking and traffic policy to the private company in the concession agreement. As of January 2011, the suit remained active, with the City of Chicago maintaining that the city retains all policing power, maintains responsibility for traffic management, and, through the concession agreement, retains control over rates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.06312370300293, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Who came up with the idea for the 'parking meter' for donations i...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.263947486877441, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "parking meter(also meter) 是停车收费器parking lot 是停车场-meter可构成复合词,表示什么器，什么计，什么仪，e.g.speedmeter 速度计 altimeter测高仪lot在这里是名词，表示“一块地”,而parking lot是一个很常见的词语，译为“停车场”，通常我们在街上看到的“P”的标志就是...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.394792556762695, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meter History", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.533256530761719, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Upon insertion of coins into a currency detector slot or swiping a credit card or smartcard into a slot, and turning a handle (or pressing a key), a timer is initiated within the meter. Some locations now allow payment by mobile phone (to remotely record payments for subsequent checking and enforcement). A dial or display on the meter indicates the time remaining. In many cities, all parking meters are designed to use only one type of coin. Use of other coins will fail to register, and the meter may cease to function altogether. For example, in Hackensack, New Jersey all parking meters are designed for quarters only.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.490121841430664, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "By the beginning of the 1990s, millions of parking meter units had been sold around the world, but the market was already looking into new solutions, like the collective pay and display machines and new forms of payment that appeared along with electronic money and communication technologies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364227294921875, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "More modern parking meters are generically called multispace meters (as opposed to single space meters) and control multiple spaces per block (typically 8-12) or lot (unlimited). While with these meters the parker may have to walk several car lengths to the meter, there are significant benefits in terms of customer service, performance and efficiency. Multispace meters incorporate more customer-friendly features such as on-screen instructions and acceptance of credit cards for payment—no longer do drivers have to have pockets full of coins. While they still may be prone to coin jams and other types of vandalism, most of these meters are wireless and can report problems immediately to maintenance staff, who can then fix the meters so that they are not out of service for very long.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.364916801452637, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Other advances with parking meters include vehicle detection technology, which allows the pay by space meters to know when there is a car parked in a space. This opens the door for benefits for parking managers, including providing way-finding (directing drivers to unoccupied spaces via the web or via street signs), enabling remote violation detection, and gathering vital statistics about parking supply and demand. Some meters allow payment for additional time by phone, and notify drivers when they are about to expire. Parking meters in Santa Monica use vehicle detectors to prevent drivers from \"feeding the meter\" indefinitely, and to delete remaining time when a car departs so the next car cannot take any time without paying. Meters in Madrid give discounted and free parking to drivers of hybrid and electric vehicles, respectively. Drivers can reserve meters spots in Los Angeles by cellphone.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3047513961792, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Another advancement with parking meters are the new solar-powered meters that accept credit cards and still coins as well. They were installed in Los Angeles in 2010, and Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa stated “the city’s Department of Transportation had projected the 10,000 Coin & Card parking meters installed over the last six months would generate 1-1.5 million in revenue each year”. These parking meters replace the top of the meter, but use the existing pole, and use solar power, which can help with sending technicians a wireless signal when in need for repair. These credit card machines accept Visa, MasterCard, and American Express, and can vary at different locations. DDOT (the District of Columbia Department of Transportation) states that this new parking meter will provide: “better return on tax payer’s investment, a variety of options, reduced maintenance, a variety of easy payment options, and increased reliability”.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37895393371582, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "New digital meters now account for all of New York City's 62,000 single-space parking meters, which are more accurate and more difficult to break into. New York City retired its last spring-loaded, single-space, mechanical parking meter – which was located at West 10th Street and Surf Avenue in Coney Island – on December 20, 2006. “The world changes. Just as the [subway] token went, now the manual meter has gone,” said Iris Weinshall, the city’s transportation commissioner, at a small ceremony marking the occasion, the New York Times reported.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30093002319336, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meters are exposed to the elements and to vandals so protection of the device and its cash contents is a priority. The meters are frequently targeted in areas where parking regulations and enforcement are widely perceived to be unfair and predatory.[citation needed]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469650268554688, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Some cities have learned the hard way that these machines must be upgraded regularly, essentially playing an arms race with vandals. In Berkeley, California, the cut-off remains of meter poles were a common sight during the late 1990s, and parking was largely free throughout the city until the city government installed digital parking meters with heavier poles in 2000 (which were eventually vandalized as well).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.190595626831055, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meter Alternatives", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49542236328125, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "In the US states of Texas, Maryland, California, Massachusetts, Utah, Virginia, and the whole of the European Union (except many private car parks in the UK and possibly elsewhere), holders of a Disabled parking permit are exempt from parking meter fees. In some other states handicapped parking meters exist, which not only must be paid at the same rate as regular meters, but one will also be subject to receiving a violation ticket if a valid handicap license plate or placard is not displayed on the vehicle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.196409225463867, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "In-vehicle parking meters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48465633392334, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Main article: In-Vehicle Parking Meter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.46474838256836, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "An In-Vehicle Parking Meter (IVPM) (also known as in-vehicle personal meter, in-car parking meter, or personal parking meter) is a handheld electronic device, the size of a pocket calculator, that drivers display in their car windows either as a parking permit or as proof of parking payment. Implementation of IVPM began in the late 1980s in Arlington, VA, and is spreading to campuses and municipalities worldwide as a centralized method of parking management, revenue collection, and compliance enforcement. There have since been similar adaptations including the Comet and SmartPark by Ganis Systems, EasyPark by Parx (a subsidiary of On Track Innovations), ParkMagic by ParkMagic Ireland, iPark by Epark, and AutoParq by Duncan Industries. Another technology offers the possibility of reloading money (parking time) to the device via a secure Internet site.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.943319320678711, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Chan, Sewell. \"New York Retires Last Mechanical Parking Meter.\" The New York Times. 20 December 2006", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418426513671875, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ \"Coin-in-Slot Parking Meter Brings Revenue to City\" Popular Mechanics, October 1935 mid-right side of page article", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450379371643066, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ \"How A Parking Meter Works.\" Popular Science, December 1959, pp. 138-139", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.502342224121094, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Leonard, Teresa (26 August 2015). \"Parking meters found their way onto NC streets in 1930s, ‘40s\". News & Observer. Retrieved 27 August 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.470863342285156, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Wisdom, Martin. \"Pay For DC Parking Meters By Cell Phone\". My FOX DC. Retrieved 21 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.503451347351074, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Kupferman, Dan. \"Why Multi-Space parking meters?\". Parking Network. Retrieved 13 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.532793998718262, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Mathis, Sommer. \"D.C. Testing Solar-Powered, Credit Card Parking Meters\". DCist. Retrieved 12 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327040672302246, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Lovelace, Dennis. \"New Credit Card-Use Parking Meters Raking In The Dough\". My FOX LA. Retrieved 12 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508749961853027, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Chan, Sewell (20 December 2006). \"New York Retires Last Mechanical Parking Meter\". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 January 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402965545654297, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ a b Dumke, Mick. \"Parking Meter Lawsuit Allowed to Proceed\". Chicago News Cooperative. Retrieved 24 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507582664489746, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Baxter, Brian. \"Chicago's $1.16 Billion Parking Meter Privatization 'A Watershed Event'\". The AM Law Daily. Retrieved 24 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.541507720947266, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ Hill-Holtzman, Nancy (19 January 1992). \"Portable Parking Meters a Tick Away\". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 January 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.478028297424316, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ \"Comet Personal Parking Meter\". Ganisparking.com. Retrieved 19 August 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45861530303955, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "^ \"EasyPark|Personal Parking Meter\". EasyPark USA. Retrieved 19 August 2013.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.507942199707031, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Oklahoma City site of first parking meter. (Historic film)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.556489944458008, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "\"Parking Meters Yield $50,000 A Year\" 1951 article with excellent illustration of coin operated meters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.537263870239258, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Brink's 1978 parking meter theft", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43664836883545, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Saskatoon, SK - the first Canadian City to offer cell phone parking payment option for its parking meters October 21, 2005", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51978874206543, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Parking meter payment by cell phone from Slashdot, June 26, 2006", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.565376281738281, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "New Parking Meter, calls you when time is up - with Pictures", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.563343048095703, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Sensor based parking meter with push enforcement, bike share, wayfinding, and validation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.502124786376953, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Secure Storage Technologies Smart Parking Meter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.574356079101562, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "The Case of the Parking Meter Thief, FBI", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.488763809204102, "source": "search", "title": "Parking meter - 必应 - bing.com" }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 | theexpiredmeter.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.513320922851562, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.541786193847656, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "July 16, 2008   Parking Meter", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.540008544921875, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "Today, in 1935, the very first parking meter was installed at the corner of First Street and Robinson Avenue, in downtown Oklahoma City, OK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402751922607422, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "By 1951, just 16 years later, one million parking meters dotted the American scene.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.458579063415527, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "10 Responses to First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52988052368164, "source": "search", "title": "First Parking Meter Installed July 16, 1935 ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years | London Evening Standard", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.566076278686523, "source": "search", "title": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years | News | London ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.560698509216309, "source": "search", "title": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years | News | London ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "It's not an anniversary drivers are expected to celebrate, but the parking meter is 50 years old today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.485953330993652, "source": "search", "title": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years | News | London ..." }, { "answer": "Parking Meter", "passage": "A year ago, Westminster announced that parking meters were to disappear from central London altogether. The borough's 3,700 meters are being replaced by a pay-by-phone system and some pay and display machines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.393746376037598, "source": "search", "title": "The parking meter clocks up 50 years | News | London ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Harry Truman", "passage": "This was not the end of the competition between Hoover Dam and Boulder Dam. The name Boulder Dam stuck until 1947 when Harry Truman approved a congressional act to rename it, once again, Hoover Dam.", "precise_score": 6.966538906097412, "rough_score": 6.439128398895264, "source": "search", "title": "Boulder Dam or Hoover Dam? | UNLV Libraries Digital ..." }, { "answer": "Harry S. Truman", "passage": "On April 30, 1947, the resolution renaming the dam back to Hoover Dam was passed by congress and signed by President Harry S. Truman. Today Hoover Dam is still the name of this structure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.128376007080078, "source": "search", "title": "Hoover Dam Or Boulder Dam - Last Minute Bookings" }, { "answer": "Harry S. Truman", "passage": "Twelve years later, Hoover was vindicated when House Resolution 140 was introduced and passed by the 80th Congress. The resolution read, in part, “as President, Herbert Hoover took an active part in settling the engineering problems and location of the dam in Black Canyon…” and noted that “the construction contracts were signed under his administration, and when he left office construction had been pushed to a point where it was more than a year ahead of schedule.” On April 30, 1947, President Harry S. Truman signed the resolution and restored the name Hoover Dam to the structure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.7411537766456604, "source": "search", "title": "WGBH American Experience . Hoover Dam | PBS" }, { "answer": "President Truman", "passage": "It is particularly timely that this measure honoring Mr. Hoover should come to the floor of the House at a time when he is completing the second of his great humanitarian missions for President Truman in the relief of world-wide suffering.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.019612312316895, "source": "search", "title": "Hoover Dam | Bureau of Reclamation" }, { "answer": "Harry S. Truman", "passage": "The resolution passed the House on March 6, 1947. On April 23, 1947, a companion resolution was passed by the Senate. And, on April 30, 1947, a resolution was signed by President Harry S. Truman restoring the structure's name to Hoover Dam. That resolution reads:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8026777505874634, "source": "search", "title": "Hoover Dam | Bureau of Reclamation" } ]

[ { "answer": "1922", "passage": "Although she was the first freely elected female senator, Caraway was preceded in the Senate by Rebecca Latimer Felton, who was appointed in 1922 to fill a vacancy but never ran for election. Jeannette Rankin, elected to the House of Representatives as a pacifist from Montana in 1917, was the first woman to ever sit in Congress.", "precise_score": 8.34648323059082, "rough_score": 9.404200553894043, "source": "search", "title": "First elected female senator - Jan 12, 1932 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "1922", "passage": "Great triumphs and historic firsts highlight women’s initial foray into national political office. Four years after Jeannette Rankin of Montana was elected to the House of Representatives in 1916, women won the right to vote nationally, with the ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Rebecca Felton of Georgia became the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate in 1922.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.131587982177734, "source": "search", "title": "Women in Congress | US House of Representatives: History ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "USS Reuben James", "passage": "The USS Reuben James, seen here on March 9, 1932 on her recommissioning in Philadelphia. She would be the first US warship sunk by a U-boat.", "precise_score": 7.460946559906006, "rough_score": 9.146628379821777, "source": "search", "title": "German U-Boat and Battle of the Atlantic" }, { "answer": "USS Reuben James", "passage": "31st October 1941: USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.454754114151001, "source": "search", "title": "31st October 1941: USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic" }, { "answer": "USS Reuben James", "passage": "USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.371661186218262, "source": "search", "title": "31st October 1941: USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic" }, { "answer": "USS Reuben James", "passage": "The USS Reuben James was one of 24 US Navy destroyers assisting with the escort of convoys in the western North Atlantic, between America and Iceland. There had been a growing number of incidents between US ships and U-Boats. Now the USS Reuben James became the first United States warship to be sunk as a result of hostile action in World War II. As dawn broke on the 31st she was torpedoed by U-552 commanded by Erich Topp, who was to become the third most successful U Boat captain of the war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.558419704437256, "source": "search", "title": "31st October 1941: USS Reuben James torpedoed in Atlantic" }, { "answer": "USS Reuben James", "passage": "Oct. 31, 1941 - USS Reuben James (DD 245) was torpedoed and sunk with a crew of 115 by the U-552 while escorting a convoy from Halifax, Nova Scotia. She was the first U.S. vessel destroyed by the Axis Powers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.509344577789307, "source": "search", "title": "The U.S. Navy - United States Navy" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1959, Davis became a member of the famous Rat Pack, led by his friend Frank Sinatra, which included fellow performers Dean Martin, Joey Bishop, and Peter Lawford, a brother-in-law of John F. Kennedy. Initially, Sinatra called the gathering \"the Clan\", but Davis voiced his opposition, saying that it reminded people of the Ku Klux Klan. Sinatra renamed the group \"the Summit\", but the media referred to them as the Rat Pack, the name of its earlier incarnation led by Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall. The group made several movies together, including the original version of Ocean's 11 (1960), Sergeants 3 (1962), and Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964), as well as many joint stage appearances in Las Vegas and elsewhere.", "precise_score": 6.42739200592041, "rough_score": 7.391413688659668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "According to Frank Sinatra Jr. in the DVD Commentary for \"Ocean's 11\" (1960), Sammy Davis Jr., like all black performers, was not allowed to stay in the major Las Vegas casinos despite the fact that he was filming Ocean's 11 there and performing on stage at the Sands Casino with Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Joey Bishop, and Peter Lawford in the legendary \"Summit\" Rat Pack shows. In those days, there was such strict segregation in Vegas that many people derisively joked that Las Vegas was an outpost of the Deep South. Sammy, like all other black performers, was forced to stay in \"coloreds only\" hotels in the western part of town. This finally changed when Frank Sinatra used his considerable clout with the hotel managers and owners to get this ban lifted, finally creating equality in Las Vegas.", "precise_score": 3.19771671295166, "rough_score": 5.29665470123291, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "According to the 2-Part A&E Biography documentary on The Rat Pack, there was a falling out between Sammy Davis Jr. and his support of John F. Kennedy. Two reasons prominently cited are: 1. When Sammy attended the Democratic National Convention and stood on stage with other Hollywood celebrities singing the \"Star Spangled Banner\", he was heckled and abused by the Democratic delegates from the South and therefore chose not to attend further rallies or conventions. 2. After Sammy married May Britt, which in those days was controversial since many states had laws against inter-racial marriage, Joseph Kennedy no longer invited Sammy to political functions and advised his sons John and Robert to stay away from Sammy in order to avoid controversy. (By a similar token, Frank Sinatra and Dean Martin found their own relationships to the Kennedys severed due to their alleged ties to the Mafia). Eventually, Davis would switch his political allegiance from Democrat to Republican and would later support Richard Nixon in his presidential elections.", "precise_score": 1.5799431800842285, "rough_score": 4.918426513671875, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "''Ocean's Eleven'' (1960) was the first of three Sinatra films to feature the star surrounded by the hard-drinking, high-living clique -- nicknamed the Rat Pack -- that included Dean Martin, Peter Lawford, Sammy Davis Jr. and Joey Bishop. The group was an outgrowth of a social circle that had centered on Humphrey Bogart, who died in 1957. The Rat Packers would appear together in three more lighthearted capers: ''Sergeants Three'' (1962), ''Four for Texas'' (1963) and ''Robin and the Seven Hoods'' (1964). This was the other side of Sinatra. As carefully as he plumbed his music, after 1960 he seemed largely to be walking through his movies.", "precise_score": 6.22988224029541, "rough_score": 7.079471111297607, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless Stylist of Pop" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Primarily a dancer and singer, Sammy Davis started as a child vaudevillian who became known for his performances on Broadway and Las Vegas. Sammy Davis went on to become a world famous recording artist, television and film star. Sammy Davis was also a member of Frank Sinatra's \"Rat Pack\".", "precise_score": 4.294643878936768, "rough_score": 6.862250328063965, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "His film career began as a child in 1933. In 1960 Sammy Davis appeared in the first Rat Pack film, Ocean's 11. After a starring role on Broadway in 1956's Mr Wonderful, Sammy Davis returned to the stage in 1964's Golden Boy, and in 1966 had his own TV variety show, The Sammy Davis Jr. Show. Sammy Davis , Jr.' career slowed in the late sixties, but Sammy Davis had a hit record with \"The Candy Man\", in 1972, and became a star in Las Vegas earning him the nickname Mister Show Business.", "precise_score": 2.861851930618286, "rough_score": 5.036113739013672, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1959, Sammy Davis became a member of the famous \"Rat Pack\", led by his friend Frank Sinatra, which included fellow performers such as Dean Martin, Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford. Initially, Sinatra called the gathering \"the Clan\", but Sammy voiced his opposition, saying that it reminded people of the racist Ku Klux Klan. Sinatra renamed the group \"the Summit\", but the media referred to them as the Rat Pack.", "precise_score": 8.007591247558594, "rough_score": 8.456672668457031, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Member (leader) of the \"Rat Pack\" - Dean Martin , Frank Sinatra , Sammy Davis Jr. , Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop . All appeared in Ocean's 11 (1960) and Sergeants 3 (1962).", "precise_score": 4.508982181549072, "rough_score": 4.992037773132324, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Sammy Davis was a headliner on the black vaudeville circuit. He became a major crossover star when Frank Sinatra boosted his career. In the mid-1950s, a number of hotels tried to block Sammy Davis from entering, staying, or eating in their public restaurants. Once again, Sinatra was relentless and tireless in his demand that all entertainers be treated equally. His private insistence on fair treatment mirrored his onstage acceptance of a black entertainer and a Jewish comic as part of his retinue.  It is absolutely true that the humor of the Rat Pack was often crude, even when it came to race. Yet by showing a willingness to laugh with Sammy Davis,", "precise_score": 2.6778411865234375, "rough_score": 5.74456262588501, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra And Civil Rights: The Chairman Speaks ..." }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1959, Davis became a member of the famous \"Rat Pack\", led by his friend Frank Sinatra, which included fellow performers such as Dean Martin, Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford. Initially, Sinatra called the gathering \"the Clan\", but Sammy voiced his opposition, saying that it reminded people of the racist Ku Klux Klan. Sinatra renamed the group \"the Summit\", but the media referred to them as the Rat Pack.<br /><br /> Davis was a headliner at The Frontier Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, but he was required (as were all black performers in the 1950s) to lodge in a rooming house on the west side of the city, instead of in the hotels as his white colleagues did. No dressing rooms were provided for black performers, and they had to wait outside by the swimming pool between acts. Davis and other black artists could entertain, but could not stay at the hotels where they performed, gamble in the casinos, or dine or drink in the hotel restaurants and bars. Davis later refused to work at places which practiced racial segregation. Read Less", "precise_score": 7.081925868988037, "rough_score": 7.913390636444092, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1959, Davis became a member of the famous \"Rat Pack\", led by his friend Frank Sinatra, which included fellow performers such as Dean Martin, Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford. Initially, Sinatra called the gathering \"the Clan\", but Sammy voiced his opposition, saying that it reminded people of the racist Ku Klux Klan. Sinatra renamed the group \"the Summit\", but the media referred to them as the Rat Pack. Davis was a headliner at The Frontier Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, but he was required (as were all black performers in the 1950s) to lodge in a rooming house on the west side of the city, instead of in the hotels as his white colleagues did. No dressing rooms were provided for black performers, and they had to wait outside by the swimming pool between acts. Davis and other black artists could entertain, but could not stay at the hotels where they performed, gamble in the casinos, nor dine or drink in the hotel restaurants and bars. Davis later refused to work at places which practiced racial segregation.", "precise_score": 7.133331298828125, "rough_score": 7.900527477264404, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Davis's film career began as a child in 1933. In 1960, he appeared in the Rat Pack film, Ocean's 11. After a starring role on Broadway in 1956's Mr Wonderful, he returned to the stage in 1964's Golden Boy. In 1966 he had his own TV variety show, The Sammy Davis Jr. Show. Davis's career slowed in the late 1960s, but he had a hit record with \"The Candy Man\" in 1972 and became a star in Las Vegas, earning him the nickname \"Mister Show Business\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0009055137634277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Davis was portrayed by Don Cheadle in the HBO film The Rat Pack, a television film about the group of entertainers. Cheadle won a Golden Globe Award for his performance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.685299873352051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "He was portrayed by Paul Sharma in the 2003 West End production Rat Pack Confidential. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.173991203308105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Actor Phaldut Sharma created the comedy webseries [I Gotta Be Me], following a frustrated soap-star as he performs as Sammy in a Rat Pack tribute show. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.491175651550293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr." }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Francis Albert \"Frank\" Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. Sinatra's music has been considered timeless by many. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150 million records worldwide. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, he began his musical career in the swing era with Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. He found success as a solo artist after being signed by Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\". He released his first album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946. Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of From Here to Eternity and his subsequent Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He signed with Capitol Records and released several critically lauded albums, including In the Wee Small Hours (1955), Songs for Swingin' Lovers! (1956), Come Fly with Me (1958), Only the Lonely (1958) and Nice 'n' Easy (1960).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6824586391448975, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In financial difficulty following his divorce and career decline, Sinatra was forced to borrow $200,000 from Columbia to pay his back taxes after MCA refused to front the money. Rejected by Hollywood, he turned to Las Vegas and made his debut at the Desert Inn in September 1951, and also began singing at the Riverside Hotel in Reno, Nevada. Sinatra became one of Las Vegas's pioneer entertainers, and a prominent figure on the Vegas scene throughout the 1950s and 1960s onwards, a period described by Rojek as the \"high-water mark\" of Sinatra's \"hedonism and self absorption\". Rojek notes that the Rat Pack \"provided an outlet for gregarious banter and wisecracks\", but argues that it was Sinatra's vehicle, possessing an \"unassailable command over the other performers\". Sinatra would fly to Las Vegas from Los Angeles in Van Heusen's single-engine plane. On October 4, 1953, Sinatra made his first performance at the Sands Hotel and Casino, after an invitation by the manager Jack Entratter, who had previously worked at the Copa in New York. Sinatra typically performed there three times a year, and later acquired a share in the hotel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.013289451599121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In the words of Kelley, by 1959, Sinatra was \"not simply the leader of the Rat Pack\" but had \"assumed the position of il padrone in Hollywood\". He was asked by 20th Century Fox to be the master of ceremonies at a luncheon attended by President Nikita Khrushchev on September 19, 1959. Nice 'n' Easy, a collection of ballads, topped the Billboard chart in October 1960 and remained in the charts for 86 weeks, winning critical plaudits. Granata noted the \"lifelike ambient sound\" quality of Nice and Easy, the perfection in the stereo balance, and the \"bold, bright and snappy\" sound of the band. He highlighted the \"close, warm and sharp\" feel of Sinatra's voice, particularly on the songs \"September in the Rain\", \"I Concentrate on You\", and \"My Blue Heaven\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.029778957366943, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Sinatra's phenomenal success in 1965, coinciding with his 50th birthday, prompted Billboard to proclaim that he may have reached the \"peak of his eminence\". In June 1965, Sinatra, Sammy Davis, Jr., and Dean Martin played live in St. Louis to benefit Dismas House, a prisoner rehabilitation and training center with nationwide programs that in particular helped serve African Americans. The Rat Pack concert was broadcast live via satellite to numerous movie theaters across America. The album September of My Years was released September 1965, and went on to win the Grammy Award for best album of the year. Granata considers the album to have been one of the finest of his Reprise years, \"a reflective throwback to the concept records of the 1950s, and more than any of those collections, distills everything that Frank Sinatra had ever learned or experienced as a vocalist\". One of the album's singles, \"It Was a Very Good Year\", won the Grammy Award for Best Vocal Performance, Male. A career anthology, A Man and His Music, followed in November, winning Album of the Year at the Grammys the following year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.554438591003418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1984, Sinatra worked with Quincy Jones for the first time in nearly two decades on the album, L.A. Is My Lady, which was well received critically. The album was a substitute for another Jones project, an album of duets with Lena Horne, which had to be abandoned. In 1986, Sinatra collapsed on stage while performing in Atlantic City and was hospitalized for diverticulitis, which left him looking frail. Two years later, Sinatra reunited with Martin and Davis, Jr. and went on the Rat Pack Reunion Tour, during which they played a number of large arenas. When Martin dropped out of the tour early on, a rift developed between them and the two never spoke again.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.582942008972168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Due to an obligation he owed to 20th Century Fox for walking off the set of Henry King's Carousel (1956), in 1960 Sinatra starred opposite Shirley MacLaine, Maurice Chevalier and Louis Jourdan in Can-Can. He earned $200,000 and 25% of the profits for the performance. Later that year he starred in the Las Vegas-set Ocean's 11, the first film to feature the Rat Pack together and the start of a \"new era of screen cool\" for Santopietro. Sinatra personally financed the film, and paid Martin and Davis Jr. fees of $150,000 and $125,000 respectively, sums considered exorbitant for the period. In 1962, Sinatra had a leading role opposite Laurence Harvey in the The Manchurian Candidate, which he considered to be the role he was most excited about and the high point of his film career. Vincent Canby, writing for the magazine Variety, found the portrayal of Sinatra's character to be \"a wide-awake pro creating a straight, quietly humorous character of some sensitivity.\" He appeared with the Rat Pack in the western Sergeants 3, following it with 4 for Texas in 1963. For his performance in Come Blow Your Horn, he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.897423028945923, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1960, Sinatra bought a share in the Cal Neva Lodge & Casino, a casino hotel which straddles the border between Nevada and California on the north shores of Lake Tahoe. Though it only opened between June and September, Sinatra built the Celebrity Room theater, which attracted the other Rat Pack members, Red Skelton, Marilyn Monroe, Victor Borge, Joe E. Lewis, Lucille Ball, Lena Horne, Juliet Prowse, the McGuire Sisters and others. By 1962 he reportedly held a 50% share in the hotel. Sinatra's gambling license was temporarily stripped by the Nevada Gaming Control Board in 1963 after Giancana was spotted on the premises. Due to ongoing pressure from the FBI and Nevada Gaming Commission on mobster control of casinos, Sinatra agreed to give up his share in Cal Neva and the Sands. That year, Sinatra's son, Frank Sinatra, Jr., was kidnapped, but was eventually released unharmed. Sinatra was restored his gaming license in February 1981, following support from Ronald Reagan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.705961227416992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "From his youth, Sinatra displayed sympathy for African Americans and worked both publicly and privately all his life to help them win equal rights. He blamed racial prejudice on the parents of children. Sinatra played a major role in the desegregation of Nevada hotels and casinos in the 1950s and 1960s. At the Sands in 1955, Sinatra went against policy by inviting Nat King Cole into the dining room, and in 1961, after an incident where an African-American couple entered the lobby of the hotel and were blocked by the security guard, Sinatra and Sammy Davis, Jr. forced the hotel management to begin hiring black waiters and busboys. On January 27, 1961, Sinatra played a benefit show at Carnegie Hall for Martin Luther King, Jr. and led his fellow Rat Pack members and Reprise label mates in boycotting hotels and casinos that refused entry to black patrons and performers. According to his son, Frank Sinatra, Jr., King sat weeping in the audience at one of his father's concerts in 1963 as Sinatra sang \"Ol' Man River\", a song from the musical Show Boat that is sung by an African-American stevedore. When he changed his political affiliations in 1970, Sinatra became less outspoken on racial issues. Though he did much towards racial causes, it did not stop the occasional racist jibe from him and the other Rat Pack members toward Davis at concerts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.21122519671916962, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Sinatra has subsequently been portrayed on screen by Ray Liotta (The Rat Pack, 1998), James Russo (Stealing Sinatra, 2003), Dennis Hopper (The Night We Called It a Day, 2003), and Robert Knepper (My Way, 2012), and spoofed by Joe Piscopo and Phil Hartman on Saturday Night Live. A biographical film directed by Martin Scorsese has long been in production. A 1998 episode of the BBC documentary series Arena, The Voice of the Century, focused on Sinatra. Alex Gibney directed a four-part biographical series on Sinatra, All or Nothing At All, for HBO in 2015. A musical tribute was aired on CBS television in December 2015 to mark Sinatra's centenary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.447949409484863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frank Sinatra" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "He starred in the Broadway musical \"Golden Boy\" in the 1960s. Initially a success, internal tensions, production problems and bad reviews--many of them directed at Davis for playing a role originally written for a white man--resulted in its closing fairly quickly. His film and nightclub career were in full swing, however, and he became even more famous as one of the \"Rat Pack\", a group of free-wheeling entertainers that included Dean Martin , Frank Sinatra , Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.9671416282653809, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Frequently worked with fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra., Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9178242683410645, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Member of the \"Rat Pack\" with Dean Martin , Frank Sinatra , Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop . All appear in Ocean's 11 (1960).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.454126358032227, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "He and the other members of the Rat Pack were banned from Marilyn Monroe 's funeral by Joe DiMaggio", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98819351196289, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Portrayed by Don Cheadle in The Rat Pack (1998). Cheadle went on to appear in the remake, Ocean's Eleven (2001).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201559066772461, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "[on the lifestyle of The Rat Pack in 1958] We gamble. There's nothing else to do in Vegas. Man, it's like Baghdad. You can't sleep. All the chicks are after loot. So you sing, and what else do you do? Sometimes Dean and Frank sit in for the dealers. It must cost the house $1,000 every time. They see a little old schoolteacher making a bet and they slip her the good cards and let her win big.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.052695274353027, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis Jr. - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Chairman of the Board, Leader of the Rat Pack", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.362502098083496, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless Stylist of Pop" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "One of the Rat Pack's favorite playgrounds was Las Vegas, where Sinatra was a pioneer entertainer. In 1953, he bought a 2 percent interest in the Sands Hotel, and eventually became a corporate vice president. He earned $100,000 a week in his frequent performances at the Sands and used the hotel for recording albums and making movies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6459641456604, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless Stylist of Pop" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "As a film actor, Sinatra continued to work steadily through the 1960's. Besides his Rat Pack jaunts, his films included ''Come Blow Your Horn'' (1963), ''Von Ryan's Express'' (1965), ''Tony Rome'' (1967), ''The Detective'' (1968) and ''Dirty Dingus Magee'' (1970).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.366337776184082, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra Dies at 82; Matchless Stylist of Pop" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "The Rat Pack - Singer - Song Writer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2291259765625, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Sammy Davis was portrayed by Paul Sharma in the 2003 West End production Rat Pack Confidential.[30]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.023618698120117, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Jewish Entertainment - Jew Watch News" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Known as \"One-Take Charlie\" for his approach to acting that strove for spontaneity and energy, rather than perfection, Sinatra was an instinctive actor who was best at playing parts that mirrored his own personality. He continued to give strong and memorable performances in such films as Guys and Dolls (1955), The Joker Is Wild (1957) and Some Came Running (1958). In the late 1950s and 1960s Sinatra became somewhat prolific as a producer, turning out such films as A Hole in the Head (1959), Sergeants 3 (1962) and the very successful Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964). Lighter roles alongside \"Rat Pack\" buddies Dean Martin and Sammy Davis Jr. were lucrative, especially the famed Ocean's 11 (1960). On the other hand, he alternated such projects with much more serious offerings, such as The Manchurian Candidate (1962), regarded by many critics as Sinatra's finest picture. He made his directorial debut with the World War II picture None But the Brave (1965), which was the first Japanese/American co-production. That same year Von Ryan's Express (1965) was a box office sensation. In 1967 Sinatra returned to familiar territory in Sidney J. Furie 's The Naked Runner (1967), once again playing as assassin in his only film to be shot in the U.K. and Germany. That same year he starred as a private investigator in Tony Rome (1967), a role he reprised in the sequel, Lady in Cement (1968). He also starred with Lee Remick in The Detective (1968), a film daring for its time with its theme of murders involving rich and powerful homosexual men, and it was a major box-office success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5180031061172485, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Frequently worked with fellow Rat Pack members Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Joey Bishop and Peter Lawford", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4148590564727783, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Was best friends with Dean Martin . Of all the members of the Rat Pack, he considered Dean his closest confidant and best friend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.8671236038208, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Divorced his third wife Mia Farrow after she refused to quit filming the classic thriller Rosemary's Baby (1968) in order to co-star with him in Rat Pack crime drama The Detective (1968). He had the divorce papers delivered to her on set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.147183418273926, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "He and the other members of the Rat Pack were banned from Marilyn Monroe 's funeral by Joe DiMaggio", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.98819351196289, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1981 he was heavily criticized for performing a ten-day gig in South Africa. Jesse Jackson and the United Nations Special Committee on Apartheid publicly condemned him for \"collaborating with the apartheid regime\". Ironically, he had been a staunch supporter of civil rights and racial equality in the United States throughout his career. During his time with the Rat Pack, Sinatra and the other members refused to play anywhere that wouldn't allow Sammy Davis Jr. to perform with them, stating the group was a package deal, and would often boycott or otherwise refuse to do business with venues or promoters who wouldn't book black or other minority performers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9333763718605042, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Like most members of The Rat Pack, Sinatra was known to much prefer the labels \"The Clan\" and \"The Summit\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.775054454803467, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "[on Rat Pack buddy Sammy Davis Jr. ] He goes to the refrigerator for a snack, opens the door, and when that light hits him, he does 45 minutes of his act!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.78804349899292, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "The “Rat Pack”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.466147422790527, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra And Civil Rights: The Chairman Speaks ..." }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "The Rat Pack On Stage", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2225980758667, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Sinatra And Civil Rights: The Chairman Speaks ..." }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "His film career began as a child in 1933. In 1960 he appeared in the first Rat Pack film, Ocean's 11. After a starring role on Broadway in 1956's Mr Wonderful, Davis returned to the stage in 1964's Golden Boy, and in 1966 had his own TV variety show, The Sammy Davis Jr. Show. Davis' career slowed in the late sixties, but he had a hit record with \"The Candy Man\", in 1972, and became a star in Las Vegas earning him the nickname Mister Show Business. Read Less", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4659394025802612, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. (Actor) - Pics, Videos, Dating, & News" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Primarily a dancer and singer, Davis started as a child vaudevillian who became known for his performances on Broadway and Las Vegas. He went on to become a world famous recording artist, television and film star. Davis was also a member of Frank Sinatra's \"Rat Pack\". At the age of three Davis began his career in vaudeville with his father and \"uncle\" as the Will Mastin Trio, toured nationally, and after military service, returned to the trio. Davis became an overnight sensation following a nightclub performance at Ciro's after the 1951 Academy Awards. With the trio, he became a recording artist. In 1954, he lost his left eye in an automobile accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.991563558578491, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "Though his film career had begun as a child in 1933, in 1960 he appeared in the first Rat Pack film, Ocean's 11. After a starring role on Broadway in 1956's Mr Wonderful, Davis returned to the stage in 1964's Golden Boy, and in 1966 had his own TV variety show, The Sammy Davis Jr. Show. Davis' career slowed in the late sixties, but he had a hit record with \"The Candy Man\", in 1972, and became a star in Las Vegas.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.500187635421753, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "Davis was portrayed by Don Cheadle in the HBO film The Rat Pack, a television film about the pack of entertainers. Cheadle won a Golden Globe award for his performance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.998099327087402, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "Rat Pack", "passage": "He was portrayed by Paul Sharma in the 2003 West End production Rat Pack Confidential.[27]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.20292854309082, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Family Tree & Family History at Geni.com" }, { "answer": "The Rat Pack", "passage": "In 1959, he became a member of the Rat Pack, which was led by his old friend Frank Sinatra, and included such fellow performers as Dean Martin, Joey Bishop, Peter Lawford, and Shirley MacLaine. Initially, Sinatra called the gathering of fast-living friends \"the Clan,\" but Sam voiced his opposition, saying that it invoked thoughts about the Ku Klux Klan . Sinatra renamed the group \"the Summit;\" undeterred, the media continued to refer to them as the Rat Pack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8288278579711914, "source": "search", "title": "Sammy Davis, Jr. - Religion-wiki - Wikia" } ]

[ { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and humanitarian. He is best known for his work with his E Street Band. Nicknamed \"The Boss\", Springsteen is widely known for his brand of poetic lyrics, Americana, working class and sometimes political sentiments centered on his native New Jersey, his distinctive voice and his lengthy and energetic stage performances, with concerts from the 1970s to the present decade running over three hours in length.", "precise_score": 6.531824111938477, "rough_score": 4.7728753089904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Springsteen was born on September 23, 1949, at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, New Jersey. He was brought home from the hospital to Freehold Borough where he spent his childhood. He lived on South Street and attended Freehold Borough High School. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, was of Dutch and Irish ancestry, and worked as a bus driver, among other vocations, although he was mostly unemployed. Springsteen said his mother, Adele Ann (née Zerilli), a legal secretary and of Italian ancestry, was the main breadwinner. His maternal grandfather was born in Vico Equense, a town near Naples. He has two younger sisters, Virginia and Pamela. Pamela had a brief film career, but left acting to pursue still photography full-time; she took photos for his Human Touch, Lucky Town and The Ghost of Tom Joad albums.", "precise_score": 6.413326740264893, "rough_score": 5.170510292053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Their second child, Jessica Rae Springsteen, was born on December 30, 1991; and their third child, Samuel Ryan Springsteen, was born on January 5, 1994. ", "precise_score": 0.4668320119380951, "rough_score": 3.613185405731201, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "* \"Born to Run\" named \"The unofficial youth anthem of New Jersey\" by the New Jersey state legislature; something Springsteen always found to be ironic, considering that the song \"is about leaving New Jersey\"", "precise_score": 0.043479807674884796, "rough_score": -2.2321062088012695, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the 'Unofficial Theme' of New Jersey's Youth", "precise_score": 2.3068320751190186, "rough_score": -0.3788200318813324, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Bruce Springsteen  has always worn his love of his home state on his sleeve, starting with the title of his debut album, Greetings From Asbury Park, N.J.  On April 17, 1980, the New Jersey State Assembly decided to repay him by introducing a resolution officially naming him the “New Jersey Pop Music Ambassador to America” with “ Born to Run ” as the “unofficial ‘rock’ theme of our state’s youth.”", "precise_score": 5.6664628982543945, "rough_score": 4.553762435913086, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen, through his special ability to trans-form his experiences and environments, many of them framed and shaped by his youthful years as a resident of the State of New Jersey, into vivid musical compositions, and in his unique fusion of the diverse traditions of rock music, percussion productions and urban rhythm and blues, has touched a universal chord of music, experience and life-force among today’s youth; and", "precise_score": 4.634158611297607, "rough_score": -0.939799427986145, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen’s talents as a singer-songwriter, from his debut album, Greetings From Asbury Park, N. J., through his dramatically detailed soul and Latin-tinged album, The Wild, The Innocent and the E Street Shuffle, and in his galvanic album, Born to Run, whose title song has achieved anthem-like status throughout the world and has been adopted as their song by the teenagers of New Jersey; and", "precise_score": 0.7508421540260315, "rough_score": -3.289854049682617, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "1. That this Legislature salutes the outstanding musical talents, abilities and achievements of Bruce Springsteen; pays tribute to his preeminent status as an artist and performer; commends him for providing entertainment, enlightenment and enrichment to peoples throughout the world; expresses its appreciation for the recognition which he has brought to the State of New Jersey; wishes him continued success and fulfillment in his career.", "precise_score": 2.837897777557373, "rough_score": -2.1700570583343506, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "2. That thus Legislature declares *[Bruce Springsteen to be the New Jersey Pop Music Ambassador to America, and calls upon the young people of all ages throughout New Jersey to adopt his songs]* “Born to Run” as the unofficial *rock* theme of our State’s youth.", "precise_score": 4.448637008666992, "rough_score": 4.513425827026367, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "NJ", "passage": "In the opening lines of “Born to Run,” Springsteen invoked one of his favorite metaphors—the automobile as an engine of escape from the many dead ends and disappointments that seemed to constrain young, working-class Americans. “In the day we sweat it out in the streets of a runaway American dream / At night we ride through mansions of glory in suicide machines / Sprung from cages out on highway 9 / Chrome wheeled, fuel injected, and steppin' out over the line / Baby this town rips the bones from your back / It's a death trap, it's a suicide rap / We gotta get out while we're young.” It was a fitting emblem for its time.", "precise_score": -5.6747002601623535, "rough_score": -4.13138484954834, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen was born September 23, 1949 in New Jersey, USA. His father, Douglas Frederick Springsteen, worked as a bus driver, and was of Irish and Dutch ancestry. His mother, Adele Ann (Zerilli), worked as a legal secretary, and was of Italian ancestry. He has an older sister, Virginia, and a younger sister Pamela ... See full bio »", "precise_score": 8.711603164672852, "rough_score": 7.137763977050781, "source": "search", "title": "Bruce Springsteen - IMDb" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949 in Freehold, New Jersey, United States) is an American songwriter, singer, and guitarist. With a recording career stretching back to 1966 that continues to this day, he's recorded multiple award-winning studio albums and toured constantly, inspiring generations of pop and rock musicians. He's often known as \"The Boss\".", "precise_score": 8.46115493774414, "rough_score": 6.541583061218262, "source": "search", "title": "Bruce Springsteen — Free listening, videos, concerts ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Bruce Springsteen narrates the audiobook edition of his critically acclaimed, #1 New York Times bestselling memoir Born to Run . Simon & Schuster Audio published the 18-hour-long audiobook on December 6, 2016. In addition to his narration, Springsteen recorded musical transitions for the audiobook at Stone Hill Studio in New Jersey. Excerpts from the original studio recordings of \"Living Proof,\" \"Long Time Comin’\" and \"Born to Run\" are also featured in the audiobook. Listen to two excepts from the audiobook below and watch Bruce read from Born to Run in London in the short film from Director Thom Zimny. Get your copy now of the audiobook now!", "precise_score": 1.5090959072113037, "rough_score": -0.5063220858573914, "source": "search", "title": "The Official Bruce Springsteen Website" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "As a songwriter, a humanitarian, America's rock and roll laureate, and New Jersey's greatest ambassador, Bruce Springsteen is, quite simply, The Boss. Through stories about ordinary people, to Vietnam veterans to steel workers, his songs capture the pain and the promise of the American experience. With his legendary E Street Band, Bruce Springsteen leaves everything on stage in epic, live, communal live performances that have rocked audiences for decades. With empathy and honesty, he holds up a mirror to who we are, as Americans chasing our dreams, and as human beings trying to do the right thing. There's a place for everyone in Bruce Springsteen's America.", "precise_score": -0.147197425365448, "rough_score": -3.5307657718658447, "source": "search", "title": "The Official Bruce Springsteen Website" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Springsteen was inspired to take up music at the age of seven after seeing Elvis Presley on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1956 and growing up hearing fellow New Jersey singer, Frank Sinatra, on the radio. Sinatra also inspired Springsteen's style of songwriting, which was developed in his youth after his mother bought him his first guitar for $18. 1964 was also an important year for Springsteen, having seen The Beatles' appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. Thereafter he started playing for audiences, first at a trailer park on New Jersey Route 34 and then at a local Elks Lodge. In 1965, Springsteen's mother took out a loan to buy her 16-year-old son a $60 Kent guitar, an act he subsequently memorialized in his song \"The Wish\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.885102272033691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "In the late 1960s, Springsteen performed briefly in a power trio known as Earth, playing in clubs in New Jersey. Springsteen acquired the nickname \"The Boss\" during this period; when he played club gigs with a band he took on the task of collecting the band's nightly pay and distributing it amongst his bandmates. The nickname also reportedly sprang from games of Monopoly that Springsteen would play with other Jersey Shore musicians. Springsteen is not fond of this nickname, due to his dislike of bosses, but seems to have since given it a tacit acceptance. Previously he had the nickname \"Doctor\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.344733238220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "From 1969 through early 1971, Springsteen performed with Steel Mill, which also featured Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, Vinnie Roslin and later Steve Van Zandt and Robbin Thompson. They went on to play the mid-Atlantic college circuit, and briefly in California. In January 1970 well-known San Francisco Examiner music critic Philip Elwood gave Springsteen credibility in his glowing assessment of Steel Mill: \"I have never been so overwhelmed by totally unknown talent.\" Elwood went on to praise their \"cohesive musicality\" and, in particular, singled out Springsteen as \"a most impressive composer\". During this time Springsteen also performed regularly at small clubs in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Richmond, Virginia; and Asbury Park and other points along the Jersey Shore, quickly gathering a cult following.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.180342197418213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Even after Springsteen gained international acclaim, his New Jersey roots showed through in his music, and he often praised \"the great state of New Jersey\" in his live shows. Drawing on his extensive local appeal, he routinely sold out consecutive nights in major New Jersey, Philadelphia and New York venues. He also made many surprise appearances at The Stone Pony and other shore nightclubs over the years, becoming the foremost exponent of the Jersey Shore sound.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.375136852264404, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Springsteen signed a record deal with Columbia Records in 1972 with the help of John Hammond, who had signed Bob Dylan to the same label a decade earlier. Springsteen brought many of his New Jersey–based colleagues into the studio with him, thus forming the E Street Band (although it would not be formally named as such for several more years). His debut album Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., released in January 1973, established him as a critical favorite though sales were slow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.808495998382568, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Because of Springsteen's lyrical poeticism and folk rock–rooted music exemplified on tracks like \"Blinded by the Light\"\"Blinded by the Light\" would later be a hit for Manfred Mann and reach No. 1, making it the only time Springsteen had a No. 1 single as a songwriter. and \"For You\", as well as the Columbia and Hammond connections, critics initially compared Springsteen to Bob Dylan. \"He sings with a freshness and urgency I haven't heard since I was rocked by 'Like a Rolling Stone'\" wrote Crawdaddy magazine editor Peter Knobler in Springsteen's first interview/profile in March 1973. Photographs for that original profile were taken by photographer Ed Gallucci. Crawdaddy discovered Springsteen in the rock press and was his earliest champion. Knobler profiled him in Crawdaddy three times, in 1973, 1975 and 1978. (Springsteen and the E Street Band acknowledged by giving a private performance at the Crawdaddy 10th Anniversary Party in New York City in June 1976.) Music critic Lester Bangs wrote in Creem in 1975 that when Springsteen's first album was released \"... many of us dismissed it: he wrote like Bob Dylan and Van Morrison, sang like Van Morrison and Robbie Robertson, and led a band that sounded like Van Morrison's\". The track \"Spirit in the Night\" especially showed Morrison's influence, while \"Lost in the Flood\" was the first of many portraits of Vietnam veterans, and \"Growin' Up\", his first take on the recurring theme of adolescence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7143964767456055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "NJ", "passage": "The River was followed in 1982 by the stark solo acoustic Nebraska. Recording sessions had been held to expand on a demo tape Springsteen had made at his home on a simple, low-tech four-track tape deck. However, during the recording process Springsteen and producer Jon Landau realized the songs worked better as solo acoustic numbers than full band renditions and the original demo tape was released as the album. Although the recordings of the E Street Band were shelved, other songs from these sessions would later be released, including \"Born in the U.S.A.\" and \"Glory Days\". According to the Marsh biographies, Springsteen was in a depressed state when he wrote this material, and the result is a brutal depiction of American life. While Nebraska did not sell as well as Springsteen's three previous albums, it garnered widespread critical praise (including being named \"Album of the Year\" by Rolling Stone magazine's critics) and influenced later significant works by other major artists, including U2's album The Joshua Tree. It helped inspire the musical genre known as lo-fi music, becoming a cult favorite among indie-rockers. Springsteen did not tour in conjunction with Nebraskas release.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.1013007164001465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "The song was widely misinterpreted as jingoistic, and in connection with the 1984 presidential campaign became the subject of considerable folklore. In 1984, conservative columnist George Will attended a Springsteen concert and then wrote a column praising Springsteen's work ethic. Six days after the column was printed, in a campaign rally in Hammonton, New Jersey, Reagan said, \"America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in the songs of a man so many young Americans admire—New Jersey's own, Bruce Springsteen.\" Two nights later, at a concert in Pittsburgh, Springsteen told the crowd, \"Well, the president was mentioning my name in his speech the other day and I kind of got to wondering what his favorite album of mine must’ve been, you know? I don’t think it was the Nebraska album. I don’t think he's been listening to this one.\" He then began playing \"Johnny 99\", with its allusions to closing factories and criminals. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.412669658660889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "On July 19, 1988, Springsteen held a concert in East Germany that attracted 300,000 spectators. Journalist Erik Kirschbaum has called the concert \"the most important rock concert ever, anywhere\", in his 2013 book Rocking the Wall. Bruce Springsteen: The Berlin Concert That Changed the World. It had been conceived by the Socialist Unity Party's youth wing in an attempt to placate the youth of East Germany, who were hungry for more freedom and the popular music of the West. However, it is Kirschbaum's opinion that the success of the concert catalyzed opposition to the regime in the DDR, and helped contribute to the fall of the Berlin Wall the following year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.395031929016113, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Following the tour, Springsteen moved back to New Jersey with his family. In 1998, Springsteen released the sprawling, four-disc box set of out-takes, Tracks. Subsequently, Springsteen would acknowledge that the 1990s were a \"lost period\" for him: \"I didn't do a lot of work. Some people would say I didn't do my best work.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.975933074951172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "In 1999, Springsteen and the E Street Band reunited and began their extensive Reunion Tour, lasting over a year. Highlights included a record sold-out, 15-show run at Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey and a ten-night, sold-out engagement at New York City's Madison Square Garden, which ended the tour. The final two shows were recorded for HBO, with corresponding DVD and album releases as Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band: Live in New York City. A new song, \"American Skin (41 Shots)\", about the police shooting of Amadou Diallo, which was played at these shows proved controversial.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.71641731262207, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "In 2002, Springsteen released his first studio effort with the full band in 18 years, The Rising, produced by Brendan O'Brien. The album, mostly a reflection on the September 11 attacks, was a critical and popular success. (Many of the songs were influenced by phone conversations Springsteen had with family members of victims of the attacks who in their obituaries had mentioned how his music touched their lives.) The title track gained airplay in several radio formats, and the record became Springsteen's best-selling album of new material in 15 years. Kicked off by an early-morning Asbury Park appearance on The Today Show, The Rising Tour commenced, barnstorming through a series of single-night arena stands in the U.S. and Europe to promote the album in 2002, then returning for large-scale, multiple-night stadium shows in 2003. While Springsteen had maintained a loyal hardcore fan base everywhere (and particularly in Europe), his general popularity had dipped over the years in some southern and midwestern regions of the U.S. because of his vocal endorsement of leftist, liberal politics. But it was still strong in Europe and along the U.S. coasts, and he played an unprecedented 10 nights in Giants Stadium in New Jersey, a ticket-selling feat to which no other musical act has come close. During these shows Springsteen thanked those fans who were attending multiple shows and those who were coming from long distances or another country; the advent of robust Springsteen-oriented online communities had made such practices more common. The Rising Tour came to a final conclusion with three nights in Shea Stadium, highlighted by renewed controversy over \"American Skin\" and a guest appearance by Bob Dylan.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.442030906677246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "At the Grammy Awards of 2003, Springsteen performed The Clash's \"London Calling\" along with Elvis Costello, Dave Grohl, and E Street Band member Steven Van Zandt and No Doubt's bassist, Tony Kanal, in tribute to Joe Strummer; Springsteen and the Clash had once been considered multiple-album-dueling rivals at the time of the double The River and the triple Sandinista!. In 2004, Springsteen and the E Street Band participated in the Vote for Change tour, along with John Mellencamp, John Fogerty, the Dixie Chicks, Pearl Jam, R.E.M., Bright Eyes, the Dave Matthews Band, Jackson Browne, and other musicians. All concerts were to be held in swing states, to benefit the progressive political organization group America Coming Together and to encourage people to register and vote. A finale was held in Washington, D.C., bringing many of the artists together. Several days later, Springsteen held one more such concert in New Jersey, when polls showed that state surprisingly close. While in past years Springsteen had played benefits for causes in which he believed —against nuclear energy, for Vietnam veterans, Amnesty International, and the Christic Institute—he had always refrained from explicitly endorsing candidates for political office (indeed he had rejected the efforts of Walter Mondale to attract an endorsement during the 1984 Reagan \"Born in the U.S.A.\" flap). This new stance led to criticism and praise from the expected partisan sources. Springsteen's \"No Surrender\" became the main campaign theme song for John Kerry's unsuccessful presidential campaign; in the last days of the campaign, he performed acoustic versions of the song and some of his other old songs at Kerry rallies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.397777080535889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "NJ", "passage": "Devils & Dust was released on April 26, 2005, and was recorded without the E Street Band. It is a low-key, mostly acoustic album, in the same vein as Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad although with a little more instrumentation. Some of the material was written almost 10 years earlier during, or shortly after, the Ghost of Tom Joad Tour, with a few having been performed then but not released. The title track concerns an ordinary soldier's feelings and fears during the Iraq War. Starbucks rejected a co-branding deal for the album, due in part to some sexually explicit content but also because of Springsteen's anti-corporate politics. The album entered the album charts at No. 1 in 10 countries (United States, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Ireland). Springsteen began the solo Devils & Dust Tour at the same time as the album's release, playing both small and large venues. Attendance was disappointing in a few regions, and everywhere (other than in Europe) tickets were easier to get than in the past. Unlike his mid-1990s solo tour, he performed on piano, electric piano, pump organ, autoharp, ukulele, banjo, electric guitar, and stomping board, as well as acoustic guitar and harmonica, adding variety to the solo sound. (Offstage synthesizer, guitar, and percussion were also used for some songs.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285423278808594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Springsteen's next album, titled Magic, was released on October 2, 2007. Recorded with the E Street Band, it featured 10 new Springsteen songs plus \"Long Walk Home\", performed once with the Sessions band, and a hidden track (the first included on a Springsteen studio release), \"Terry's Song\", a tribute to Springsteen's long-time assistant Terry Magovern, who died on July 30, 2007. Magic debuted at No. 1 in Ireland and the UK. Greatest Hits reentered the Irish charts at No. 57, and Live in Dublin almost cracked the top 20 in Norway again. Sirius Satellite Radio also restarted E Street Radio on September 27, 2007, in anticipation of Magic. Radio conglomerate Clear Channel Communications was alleged to have sent an edict to its classic rock stations to not play any songs from the new album, while continuing to play older Springsteen material. However, Clear Channel Adult Alternative (or \"AAA\") station KBCO did play tracks from the album, undermining the allegations of a corporate blackout. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.587261199951172, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Following Obama's electoral victory on November 4, Springsteen's song \"The Rising\" was the first song played over the loudspeakers after Obama's victory speech in Chicago's Grant Park. Springsteen was the musical opener for the Obama Inaugural Celebration on January 18, 2009, which was attended by over 400,000 people. He performed \"The Rising\" with an all-female choir. Later he performed Woody Guthrie's \"This Land Is Your Land\" with Pete Seeger.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.92945384979248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "On January 11, 2009, Springsteen won the Golden Globe Award for Best Song for \"The Wrestler\", from the Darren Aronofsky film by the same name. After receiving a heartfelt letter from lead actor Mickey Rourke, Springsteen supplied the song for the film for free. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.31832218170166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Springsteen's Working on a Dream album, dedicated to the memory of Danny Federici, was released in late January 2009 and the supporting Working on a Dream Tour ran from April 2009 until November 2009. The tour featured few songs from the new album, with set lists dominated instead by classics and selections reflecting the ongoing late-2000s recession. The tour also featured Springsteen playing songs requested by audience members holding up signs, a practice begun during the final stages of the Magic Tour. Drummer Max Weinberg was replaced for some shows by his 18-year-old son Jay Weinberg, so that the former could serve his role as bandleader on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. During this tour, Springsteen and the band made their first real foray in the world of music festivals, headlining nights at the Pinkpop Festival in the Netherlands, Festival des Vieilles Charrues in France, the Bonnaroo Music Festival in the United States and the Glastonbury Festival and Hard Rock Calling in the UK. Several shows on the tour featured full-album presentations of Born to Run, Darkness on the Edge of Town, or Born in the U.S.A. The band performed a stretch of five final shows at Giants Stadium, opening with a new song highlighting the historic stadium, and Springsteen's Jersey roots, named \"Wrecking Ball\". A DVD from the Working on a Dream Tour entitled London Calling: Live in Hyde Park was released in 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.898001670837402, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Clarence Clemons, the E Street Band's saxophonist and founding member, died on June 18, 2011, of complications from a stroke. \"Clarence lived a wonderful life\", Springsteen said in a statement. \"He carried within him a love of people that made them love him. He created a wondrous and extended family. He loved the saxophone, loved our fans and gave everything he had every night he stepped on stage.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.42363166809082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "On July 31, 2012, in Helsinki, Finland, Springsteen performed his longest concert ever at 4 hours and 6 minutes and 33 songs. Not included in this total time is a thirty-minute, five-song, solo acoustical set he did about two hours prior to the beginning of the show. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.766268730163574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "On October 29, 2012, the New Jersey area was hit hard by Hurricane Sandy. Two days following the storm, Springsteen dedicated his performance at the Blue Cross Arena in Rochester, New York, to those affected by the storm and those helping to recover. Springsteen and the E Street Band performed \"Land of Hope and Dreams\" at a one-hour televised telethon called Hurricane Sandy: Coming Together on November 2, 2012, which aired on NBC and at the same time many other channels. Springsteen also joined Billy Joel, Steven Tyler and Jimmy Fallon for a performance of \"Under the Boardwalk\". All money was donated to the American Red Cross. Springsteen and the E Street Band, along with many top names in the music industry, performed at Madison Square Garden on December 12, 2012, for 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.901350975036621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Springsteen released his eighteenth studio album, High Hopes, on January 14, 2014. The first single and music video was a newly recorded version of the song \"High Hopes\", which Springsteen had previously recorded in 1995. The album was the first by Springsteen in which all songs are either cover songs, newly recorded outtakes from previous records, or newly recorded versions of songs previously released. The 2014 E Street Band touring lineup, along with deceased E Street Band members Clarence Clemons and Danny Federici, appears on the album along with guitarist Tom Morello. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.894247055053711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "It was announced on January 15, 2014 that Springsteen would start making professional recordings of all of his live shows available following each performance on his upcoming tour via download to a special USB wristband. In addition to the wristbands, shows will also be offered through Springsteen's website until June 30, 2014. Springsteen along with the E Street Band and guitarist Tom Morello, kicked off the High Hopes Tour on January 26, 2014. The tour was considered to be a continuation of the Wrecking Ball Tour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.75085735321045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "American Beauty, a limited edition four song EP on 12-inch vinyl that was released exclusively for Record Store Day on April 18, 2014. The EP contains four unreleased songs from the High Hopes sessions. A music video for the title track was also released. After 34 shows and 182 songs performed, the High Hopes Tour came to an end on May 18, 2014. Springsteen released a short film for the song \"Hunter of Invisible Game\" on July 9, 2014 through his website. It marked Springsteen's directorial debut. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.47494125366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Springsteen made his first appearance on Saturday Night Live since 2002 on December 19, 2015, performing \"Meet Me in the City\", \"The Ties That Bind\", and \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\". On December 4, 2015, Springsteen announced details for the The River Tour 2016, a three-month tour which will begin in January 2016 and will be in support of The Ties That Bind: The River Collection box set. All first leg shows in North America featured an in-sequence performance of the entire The River album along with other songs from Springsteen's catalog and will be recorded and available for purchase. More were eventually announced expanding the original three-month tour into a seven-month tour with dates in Europe in May 2016 and another North American leg starting in August 2016 ending the following month.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.48713493347168, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Bruce Springsteen draws on many musical influences from the reservoir of traditional American popular music, folk, blues and country. From the beginning, rock and roll has been a dominant influence and Springsteen's musical and lyrical evocations, as well as public tributes, of artists such as Dylan, Presley, Roy Orbison, Gary \"U.S.\" Bonds, and many others helped to rekindle interest in their music. Springsteen's other preferred musical style is American folk, evident on his debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, New Jersey, and more strongly on Nebraska and The Ghost of Tom Joad. Springsteen songs such as \"This Hard Land\" demonstrate the lyrical and musical influence of Woody Guthrie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.54819917678833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Subsequently in his career, Springsteen focused more on the rock elements of his music. He initially compressed the sound and developed Darkness on the Edge of Town just as straightforward as concise musical idiom, for the simple riffs, rock guitar solos and clearly recognizable song structures are dominant. His music has been categorized as heartland rock, a style typified by Springsteen, John Fogerty, Tom Petty, Bob Seger, and John Mellencamp. This music has a lyrical reference to the U.S. everyday and the music is kept rather simple and straightforward. This development culminated with Springsteen's hit album Born in the U.S.A., the title song of which has a constantly repeating, fanfare-like keyboard riff and a pounding drum beat. These sounds fit with Springsteen's voice: it cries to the listener the unsentimental story of a disenchanted angry figure. Even songs that can be argued to be album tracks proved to be singles that enjoyed some chart success, such as \"My Hometown\" and \"I'm on Fire\", in which the drum line is formed from subtle hi-hat and rim-clicks-shock (shock at the edge of the snare drum) accompanied by synthesizer and Springsteen's soft guitar line. The album, along with some previous records such as \"Cadillac Ranch\" showed clear rockabilly influences as is evident from his guitar solos, in-fills and vocal styles on these. Another clear influence of early rock n roll on Springsteen's music is evident on the song \"Light of Day\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.900304317474365, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "In the early 1980s Springsteen met Patti Scialfa at The Stone Pony, a bar in New Jersey where local musicians perform regularly. On that particular evening she was performing alongside one of Springsteen's pals, Bobby Bandiera, with whom she had written \"At Least We Got Shoes\" for Southside Johnny. Springsteen liked her voice and after the performance, introduced himself to her. Soon after that, they started spending time together and became friends. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.608539581298828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "In 1988 the Tunnel of Love Express Tour began and Springsteen convinced Scialfa to join the tour again. She expressed reluctance at first, since she wanted to start recording her first solo album, but after Springsteen told her that the tour would be short, she agreed to postpone her own solo record. Phillips and Springsteen separated in the spring of 1988, but it wasn’t made known to the press. Springsteen and Scialfa fell in love with each other during the Tunnel of Love Express Tour and started living together soon after his separation from Phillips. On August 30, 1988, Julianne filed for divorce. The Springsteen/Phillips divorce was finalized on March 1, 1989. Springsteen received press criticism for the hastiness in which he and Scialfa took up their relationship. In a 1995 interview with The Advocate, Springsteen told Judy Wieder about the negative publicity the couple subsequently received. \"It's a strange society that assumes it has the right to tell people whom they should love and whom they shouldn't. But the truth is, I basically ignored the entire thing as much as I could. I said, 'Well, all I know is, this feels real, and maybe I have got a mess going here in some fashion, but that's life.'\" He also told Wieder that, \"I went through a divorce, and it was really difficult and painful and I was very frightened about getting married again. So part of me said, 'Hey, what does it matter?' But it does matter. It's very different than just living together. First of all, stepping up publicly—which is what you do: You get your license, you do all the social rituals—is a part of your place in society and in some way part of society's acceptance of you ... Patti and I both found that it did mean something.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.639240264892578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Springsteen and Scialfa lived in New Jersey, before moving to Los Angeles where they decided to start a family. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.073078632354736, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "On July 25, 1990, Scialfa gave birth to the couple's first child, Evan James Springsteen. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.01674747467041, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "On June 8, 1991, Springsteen and Scialfa married at their Los Angeles home in a very private ceremony, only attended by family and close friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.223577499389648, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "When the children reached school-age in the early 1990s, Springsteen and Scialfa moved back to New Jersey specifically to raise a family in a non-paparazzi environment. The grounds of his New Jersey home include a large swimming pool. The family owns and lives on a horse farm in Colts Neck, New Jersey. They also own homes in Wellington, Florida, Los Angeles and Rumson, New Jersey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8074140548706055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N.J.", "passage": "Prior to signing his first record deal in 1972, Springsteen was a member of several bands, including Steel Mill. In October 1972 he formed a new band for the recording of his debut album Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J., which became known as The E Street Band, although the name was not introduced until September 1974. The E Street Band performed on all of Springsteen's recorded works from his debut until 1982's Nebraska, a solo album on which Springsteen himself played all the instruments. The full band returned for the next album Born in the USA, but there then followed a period from 1988 to 1999 in which albums were recorded with session musicians. The E Street Band were briefly reunited in 1995 for new contributions to the Greatest Hits compilation, and on a more permanent basis from 1999, since which time they have recorded more albums and performed a number of high-profile tours.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.112062454223633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "N.J.", "passage": "*Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. (1973)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.476537704467773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "* Inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame, 2007 ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.548368453979492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bruce Springsteen" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "The project was the brainchild of Carol Miller, a DJ at 95.5 WPLJ-FM, which was New York’s key rock station until its transition to Top 40 in 1983. The previous December, a newspaper article noted that New Jersey was looking for an official anthem. Miller then went to work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.471165657043457, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "“Over half of our listeners live in New Jersey,” she told United Press International. “We got so many requests for it that I started referring to it as the state song of New Jersey. It was kind of a joke.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3602294921875, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "But the notion started to pick up steam, and by early March, Miller began a petition drive to make it happen. One of the radio station’s account executives, Robert Visotcky, told his father, assemblyman Richard Visotcky, about the proposal. “Bruce is a New Jersey native,” Robert said. “He often talks about how much he loves the state and, most importantly, it would make young people in the state believe in politics again. It would shed a better light on the political situation in New Jersey.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.255972862243652, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "WHEREAS, Bruce Springsteen’s live performances, particularly with his E Street Band, have been hailed as the most exciting shows on the world concert circuit, in which this young musician’s seemingly unlimited energies and enthusiasm, plus his genuine modesty and honest concern for providing his faithful audiences with a performance they deserve, all serve to enhance his well earned reputation as New Jersey’s Pop Music Ambassador to America; now, therefore,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.65538215637207, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "BE IT RESOLVED by the General Assembly of the State of New Jersey (the Senate concurring):", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.467267990112305, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "The resolution passed the Assembly on June 12, 1980, by voice vote. But it never made it through the state Senate, presumably because the senators listened to the lyrics and realized that the song is about a desire to get out of New Jersey.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459972381591797, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Almost Became the ..." }, { "answer": "N.J.", "passage": "At the time, Springsteen desperately needed a break. Despite vigorous promotion by Columbia Records, his first two albums, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. and The Wild, The Innocent, and the E Street Shuffle, had been commercial flops. Though his band spent virtually every waking hour either in the recording studio or on tour, their road earnings were barely enough to live on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.817200660705566, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Reflecting on his formative years in Freehold, New Jersey, Springsteen once described the home he grew up in as a “dumpy, two-story, two-family house, next door to the gas station.” Several companies had manufacturing plants there—3M, Nescafé, the odd rug mill or paper plant—but by the post-war era, the city, like so many other middling urban areas, was dying. “Freehold was just a … small, narrow-minded town,” Springsteen told the English radio interviewer Roger Scott in 1984, “no different than probably any other provincial town. It was just the kind of area where it was real conservative. It was just very stagnating. There were some factories, some farms and stuff, that if you didn’t go to college you ended up in. There wasn’t much, you know; there wasn’t that much.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.681831359863281, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "After an unremarkable stint at Ocean County Community College, he relocated to Asbury Park, a gritty coastal community that scarcely resembled the glitzy seaside resort of its earlier days. By that time, jet travel and air conditioning had made distant locations like California, Florida, and the Caribbean more attractive to local vacationers. Deeply segregated and suffering from massive unemployment, the city erupted in violence between black rioters and a mostly white police force in July 1970, resulting in $4 million of property damage and 92 gunshot casualties. The town soon became a shadow of its former self—a half-desolate collection of small beach bungalows, decaying hotels, a modest convention center, and a handful of greasy-spoon diners.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468785285949707, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "But what it lacked in vigor and polish, Asbury Park made up for in artistic vitality. Lining its boardwalk were a motley assortment of bars where aspiring Jersey musicians like the drummer Vini Lopez, the keyboardists Danny Federici and David Sancious, the saxophonist Clarence Clemons, and the guitarist Steve Van Zandt—all of whom eventually played alongside Springsteen—forged a dynamic, interracial, and working-class rock-and-roll scene. The artists who eventually united under the banner of the E Street Band were revolting against the soft-pop sensibilities of acts like Donny Osmond, the Bee Gees, Chicago, America, Elton John, and the Carpenters, all of whom dominated the charts in the early ‘70s. Combining elements of jazz, funk, Motown, and rhythm-and-blues, the various incarnations of Springsteen’s bands—Child, Steel Mill, Dr. Zoom and the Sonic Boom, the Bruce Springsteen Band, and, finally, the E Street Band—enjoyed increasingly wide appeal among men and women from blue-collar families who frequented the Jersey shore music scene and who found the prevailing sound an inadequate soundtrack to their youth.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.996982097625732, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Compounding these challenges, many of the well-paying industrial jobs that once lifted blue-collar workers into the ranks of the American middle class began to disappear. In Youngstown, Ohio, steel plants were shuttering their doors by mid-decade, the result of foreign competition and failure to invest in new technology. In Elizabeth, New Jersey, the slow demise of the Singer sewing-machine plant, once the mainstay of the city’s economy, ushered in a period of post-industrial ruin. Sixty miles south on the New Jersey turnpike, Camden, the worldwide anchor of the Campbell Soup company, saw its manufacturing base drop from 38,900 jobs in 1948 to just 10,200 in 1982. Though each industry experienced its own, unique set of circumstances, the prevailing narrative was one of industrial decline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39842414855957, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Between 1967 and 1977 the average number of workers on strike climbed by 30 percent and the number of work days lost to stoppages by 40 percent. “At the heart of the new mood,” argued The New York Times, “there is a challenge to management’s authority to run its plants.” From striking postal workers in New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey to the United Auto Workers’ dramatic walkout against General Motors in 1970, blue-collar Americans demonstrated a degree of militancy unseen since the end of World War II.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4847412109375, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Speaking to the grassroots labor engagement that pulsed through America in the ‘70s, a UAW official observed that “it’s a different generation of workingmen. None of these guys came over from the old country poor and starving, grateful for any job they could get. None of them have been through a depression. They’ve been exposed—at least through television—to all the youth movements of the last ten years … They’re just not going to swallow the same kind of treatment their fathers did ... They want more than just a job for 30 years.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.42392349243164, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "On October 27, 1975, both Time and Newsweek featured Springsteen on their covers, with Time hailing him as a “glorified gutter rat from a dying New Jersey resort town.” Praising his album as a “regeneration, a renewal of rock,” the magazine approvingly characterized Springsteen’s music, in his own words, as being principally concerned with “survival, how to make it through the next day.” Given the state of the country in October 1975—other topics that concerned Time that week included two assassination attempts on President Gerald Ford, New York City’s fiscal crisis, and the persistent after-shocks of Watergate—survival struck the editors as a noble enough goal on its own terms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.644486427307129, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Both LPs revisited many of the same themes introduced in Born to Run. Rolling Stone called The River “a contemporary, New Jersey version of The Grapes of Wrath, with the Tom Joad/Henry Fonda figure—nowadays no longer able to draw on the solidarity of family—driving a stolen car through a neon Dust Bowl.” But what made the album “really special” was:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.092354774475098, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "[Its] epic exploration of the second acts of American lives. Because he realizes that most of our todays are the tragicomic sum of a scattered series of yesterdays that had once hoped to become better tomorrows, he can fuse past and present, desire and destiny, laughter and longing, and have death or glory emerge as more than just another story.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.512537956237793, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": "Released in 1970, his second album, Sweet Baby James—the one that made him famous—sold 1.6 million copies in just one year. Like his fellow singer-songwriters of the seventies, a talented and varied group that included Carole King, Joni Mitchell, Jim Croce, and John Denver, Taylor was interested in the mysteries of the self. “What all of them seem to want most,” Time noted, “is an intimate mixture of lyricism and personal expression—the often exquisitely melodic reflections of a private ‘I.’”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.345829963684082, "source": "search", "title": "How Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' Captured the Decline ..." }, { "answer": "NJ", "passage": "- I Heart NJ (2008) ... (performer: \"Jersey Girl\" - uncredited)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446695327758789, "source": "search", "title": "Bruce Springsteen - IMDb" }, { "answer": "N J", "passage": " 2001 Joan Jett and the Blackhearts: Live! (Video) (writer: \"Light Of Day\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.520723342895508, "source": "search", "title": "Bruce Springsteen - IMDb" }, { "answer": "New Jersey", "passage": "Marc Maron leaves the cozy confines of his garage and heads to New Jersey to talk with Bruce Springsteen for a new episode of his WTF Podcast . Just two Jersey guys hanging out, talking about dads, depression, fear, fulfillment and the future. Bruce tells Marc how and why he constructed \"Bruce Springsteen\" and what he's learned about the struggle we all go through to become who we really are. Listen to the episode here .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.438993453979492, "source": "search", "title": "The Official Bruce Springsteen Website" }, { "answer": "NJ", "passage": "Live.BruceSpringsteen.net has got one more from the archives: the tour-closer from the “Working On A Dream” Tour on Nov. 22, 2009 in Buffalo includes a complete performance of Greetings From Asbury Park, NJ and several rarities. This was Clarence Clemons’ last show with the E Street Band.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.161641120910645, "source": "search", "title": "The Official Bruce Springsteen Website" } ]

[ { "answer": "1970s", "passage": "Downtown San Diego was in decline in the 1960s and 1970s, but experienced some urban renewal since the early 1980s, including the opening of Horton Plaza, the revival of the Gaslamp Quarter, and the construction of the San Diego Convention Center; Petco Park opened in 2004.", "precise_score": -2.73954176902771, "rough_score": -2.270596742630005, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Diego" }, { "answer": "1970s", "passage": "From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, \"the tuna capital of the world\". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan, and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma. Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5092177391052246, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Diego" }, { "answer": "1970s", "passage": "The development of skyscrapers over 300 ft in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building and Symphony Towers. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza, standing tall, which was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no super-talls, as a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration in the 1970s set a 500 ft limit on the height of buildings within a radius of the San Diego International Airport. An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6795761585235596, "source": "wiki", "title": "San Diego" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oh Calcutta", "passage": "Oh Calcutta is the answer to the show which made critic... View the full answer", "precise_score": -2.6647109985351562, "rough_score": -8.858052253723145, "source": "search", "title": "Which show made critic Robert Helpmann say, \"The trouble with" } ]

[ { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "“The hardest thing in the world to understand is the Income Tax.” If these are your sentiments, you are in good company — the words are those of the late Albert Einstein.", "precise_score": 8.587299346923828, "rough_score": 7.1390204429626465, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "[EIS] IRS.gov website, Newsroom: Tax Quotes, Quote attributed to Albert Einstein, “The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.” (Accessed 2011 March 7) link", "precise_score": 8.72916316986084, "rough_score": 6.9657697677612305, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "The hardest thing to understand in the world is the income tax. - Albert Einstein - BrainyQuote", "precise_score": 8.630437850952148, "rough_score": 8.628098487854004, "source": "search", "title": "The hardest thing to understand in the world is the income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Albert Einstein once said, “The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.” At KMH, we have assembled a team of tax professionals with experience that matches or exceeds the Hawaii offices of the large national firms to assist our clients in navigating through the tax law. Our approach focuses on providing timely and cost effective tax compliance services while proactively bringing potential tax issues and planning ideas to our client’s attention before problems arise or opportunities are lost.", "precise_score": 9.11400032043457, "rough_score": 6.1152801513671875, "source": "search", "title": "KMH LLP - Tax Compliance & Advisory Services" }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "16. \"The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.\"–Albert Einstein", "precise_score": 8.85954475402832, "rough_score": 10.096622467041016, "source": "search", "title": "20 Inspirational Quotes About Taxes - Forbes" }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Like it or not, you have to pay your taxes. The trouble is that understanding taxation requires more than a genius mind. Even Albert Einstein admitted, \"The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.\" So, if you are wading through reams of paperwork, trying to make sense of all the mumbo jumbo, it's time to take a break. Read these funny tax quotes over a cup of hot cappuccino and share a laugh with your friends. If the coffee doesn't work, these tax quotes will surely perk you up.", "precise_score": 8.454338073730469, "rough_score": 7.844771385192871, "source": "search", "title": "Tax Quotes - Funny Quotations" }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Albert Einstein? Leo Mattersdorf? Fictional?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404401779174805, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Did Albert Einstein really say this? I have seen this statement in many places, and the quote is even listed on the official IRS.gov website with an attribution to Einstein [EIS]. However, I am skeptical because no one seems to have a good reference, and the humor is too perfect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.870401382446289, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "Quote Investigator: This is a timely and entertaining query, and QI may have found the origin of this quotation. In 1963 a letter written by Leo Mattersdorf appeared in Time magazine with the following assertion: “From the time Professor Einstein came to this country until his death, I prepared his income tax returns and advised him on his tax problems.” Mattersdorf told the following anecdote about Einstein [TLM]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.278867721557617, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "One year while I was at his Princeton home preparing his return, Mrs. Einstein, who was then still living, asked me to stay for lunch. During the course of the meal, the professor turned to me and with his inimitable chuckle said: “The hardest thing in the world to understand is income taxes.” I replied: “There is one thing more difficult, and that is your theory of relativity.” “Oh, no,” he replied, ”that is easy.” To which Mrs. Einstein commented, “Yes, for you.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.541646957397461, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "Einstein died in 1955, so this story appeared after his death. Nevertheless, there is solid evidence that Mattersdorf was a friend of Einstein’s, and he performed tax accounting work for him. Here are additional selected citations in chronological order.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.000125885009766, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "In 1937 black-and-white film footage was taken of Albert Einstein walking in a garden with another man. The other man was his friend Leo Mattersdorf according to the title of the video which is available at the Google videos website [EGM].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.39471435546875, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "In 1952 Mattersdorf published a book titled “Insight into Astronomy”, and he included an acknowledgement to Einstein for the help he provided with the manuscript [IAM].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.390582084655762, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "No book can be written without the very helpful assistance and criticism of others. I owe a deep debt of gratitude to Professor Albert Einstein for his kindness in reading the manuscript and, then, sitting down with me and offering many helpful suggestions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207488059997559, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "In 1963 the letter to Time magazine with the quotation attributed to Einstein was published as shown above.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.316189765930176, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "—Albert Einstein", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201530456542969, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "In 1972 a letter writer to the New York Times stated that “vast numbers of taxpayers cannot understand the income-tax forms and even college graduates have trouble understanding them.”  He then made an assertion about Einstein and tax forms [TXE]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.907121181488037, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Recalling a news item on one of your pages of several years ago, this revelation has to be considered somewhat of an understatement. The item disclosed that no less a person than Albert Einstein was so confounded by the income-tax forms that he gave up in despair and obtained the services of a tax specialist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.725672721862793, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "In 1985 after the death of Mattersdorf an article in the New York Times mentioned his relationship with Einstein [LME]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245580673217773, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "He was also a former chairman of the Amateur Astronomers Association in New York and was the author of “Insight Into Astronomy,” which was also published in paperback as “A Key to the Heavens.” The book was proofread by Albert Einstein, who was an accounting client of Mr. Mattersdorf for many years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.311725616455078, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "An article dated 2007 on the Washingtonian website by an editor of USA Today discussed an episode at the newspaper concerning Einstein and his taxes [DCE]:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.027250289916992, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "We sometimes went to bizarre lengths to stand out. When Reagan gave a speech saying that even Albert Einstein needed help with the tax code, the staff was asked to find out who had done Einstein’s taxes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.72374439239502, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "Despite calls across many time zones, we never found out. The incident became newsroom lore—until 2006, when a copyeditor found a Web site revealing that in 1938 Einstein had given a telescope as a gift to Leo Mattersdorf, “his tax accountant and personal friend.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180206298828125, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Einstein", "passage": "In conclusion, the quotation was ascribed to Einstein by Leo Mattersdorf who was Einstein’s friend and tax accountant. Mattersdorf visited with Einstein and his wife, and he heard the statement from Einstein during a meal. The most common current version differs slightly from the 1963 instance. The earliest known citation is after Einstein’s death, and the accuracy of the anecdote depends on the memory and veracity of Leo Mattersdorf. It certainly is a fun tale for tax time. Thanks for your question, and I hope you receive a large refund check.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.544404983520508, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "[EMG] video.google.com website, Title: “1937 B/W MS Albert Einstein walking in garden w/ friend Leo Mattersdorf / Long I”, Google videos. (Accessed 2011 March 7) link", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389948844909668, "source": "search", "title": "The Hardest Thing in the World to Understand is Income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Albert Einstein said “The hardest thing to understand in the world is income tax”. Einstein was not a tax expert and neither are you. Don’t stay up late at night wondering whether you maximized your refund because you decided to do it yourself. Taxfyle is your solution. Taxfyle is the world’s first On-Demand CPA market place where hundreds of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) are ready 24/7 to service your tax needs. Never before has it been more affordable to hire a CPA. Taxfyle on average is 40% lower than our competition pricing. Every customer is also offered a Three-year audit protection plan. In as little as 60 seconds, the Taxfyle App will provide you with an instant quote, expected filing date and your own dedicated CPA. Once your CPA is assigned, you’ll have the opportunity to chat and share files with your CPA all through Taxfyle’s multi-layer encrypted in-App chat feature. Save time by signing your tax forms directly on your phone. Never again pretend to be a tax expert, nudge your accountant friends for free tax advice, or haul your tax docs to an in-office appointment (No one has time for 9-5 office hours). File when you want and have them prepared by a licensed CPA who knows exactly what’s best. File with confidence. The best way to do your taxes is not having to do them at all. Taxfyle is your solution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.823580026626587, "source": "search", "title": "Who said, \"The hardest thing to understand in the world is ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Find on Amazon: Albert Einstein", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336204528808594, "source": "search", "title": "The hardest thing to understand in the world is the income ..." }, { "answer": "Albert Einstein", "passage": "Albert Einstein", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308221817016602, "source": "search", "title": "Tax Quotes - Funny Quotations" } ]

[ { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "In Jones' Elmer's Candid Camera (1940) the rabbit first meets Elmer Fudd. This time the rabbit looks more like the present-day Bugs, taller and with a similar face—but retaining the more primitive voice. Candid Cameras Elmer character design is also different: taller and chubbier in the face than the modern model, though Arthur Q. Bryan's character voice is already established.", "precise_score": -0.00852250400930643, "rough_score": -1.376193642616272, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "While Porky's Hare Hunt was the first Warner Bros. cartoon to feature a Bugs Bunny-like rabbit, A Wild Hare, directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is widely considered to be the first official Bugs Bunny cartoon. It is the first film where both Elmer Fudd and Bugs (both redesigned by Bob Givens) are shown in their fully developed forms as hunter and tormentor, respectively; the first in which Mel Blanc uses what would become Bugs' standard voice; and the first in which Bugs uses his catchphrase, \"What's up, Doc?\" A Wild Hare was a huge success in theaters and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Cartoon Short Subject. ", "precise_score": 5.260736465454102, "rough_score": 3.9740819931030273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "After World War II, Bugs continued to appear in numerous Warner Bros. cartoons, making his last \"Golden Age\" appearance in False Hare (1964). He starred in over 167 theatrical short films, most of which were directed by Friz Freleng, Robert McKimson and Chuck Jones. Freleng's Knighty Knight Bugs (1958), in which a medieval Bugs trades blows with Yosemite Sam and his fire-breathing dragon (which has a cold), won an Academy Award for Best Cartoon Short Subject (becoming the first Bugs Bunny cartoon to win said award). Three of Jones' films — Rabbit Fire, Rabbit Seasoning, and Duck! Rabbit, Duck! — compose what is often referred to as the \"Rabbit Season/Duck Season\" trilogy and are famous for originating the \"historic\" rivalry between Bugs and Daffy Duck. Jones' classic What's Opera, Doc? (1957), casts Bugs and Elmer Fudd in a parody of Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. It was deemed \"culturally significant\" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1992, becoming the first cartoon short to receive this honor.[http://www.loc.gov/film/titles.html National Film Registry: 1989-2007]", "precise_score": 2.795346736907959, "rough_score": -0.5356345772743225, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny is characterized as being clever and capable of outsmarting anyone who antagonizes him, including Elmer Fudd, Yosemite Sam, Tasmanian Devil, Marvin the Martian, Wile E. Coyote, Cecil Turtle, Witch Hazel, Rocky and Mugsy, The Crusher, Beaky Buzzard, Willoughby the dog, Count Blood Count and a host of others. Bugs almost always wins these conflicts, a plot pattern which recurs in Looney Tunes films directed by Chuck Jones. Concerned that viewers would lose sympathy for an aggressive protagonist who always won, Jones arranged for Bugs to be bullied, cheated, or threatened by the antagonists while minding his own business, justifying his subsequent antics as retaliation or self-defense. He's also been known to break the fourth wall by \"communicating\" with the audience, either by explaining the situation (e.g. \"Be with you in a minute, folks!\"), describing someone to the audience (e.g. \"Feisty, ain't they?\"), clueing in on the story (e.g. \"That happens to him all during the picture, folks.\"), explaining that one of his antagonists' actions have pushed him to the breaking point (\"Of course you realize, this means war.\"), admitting his own deviousness toward his antagonists (\"Gee, ain't I a stinker?\"), etc.", "precise_score": 0.3730362355709076, "rough_score": -2.250117778778076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "* A Wild Hare (1940) (official debut; Oscar nominee; first appearance with Elmer Fudd)", "precise_score": -6.6978302001953125, "rough_score": -9.765222549438477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd Elmer J. Fudd is a fictional cartoon character and one of the most... View the full answer", "precise_score": -7.0845465660095215, "rough_score": -9.14200210571289, "source": "search", "title": "In the first ever Bugs Bunny cartoon, which character tried to" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "In \"Elmer's Candid Camera,\" the rabbit makes life miserable for newbie nature photographer Elmer Fudd (who himself had been undergoing considerable design alterations.). The film did, at least, set the template for Bugs and Elmer's relationship, in which the dolt was always topped by the clever bunny.", "precise_score": -3.1837587356567383, "rough_score": -6.824549674987793, "source": "search", "title": "\"8-Ball Bunny\" - Happy 75th birthday, Bugs Bunny ..." }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "While Elmer Fudd was always too stupid a foil to ever really pose a threat to Bugs Bunny, Yosemite Sam was dogged, ornery and usually packed TWO firearms. Yet he still managed to be tricked into doing himself in, which in \"High Diving Hare\" means falling from a great height over, and over, and over again.", "precise_score": 1.9983041286468506, "rough_score": -3.8354201316833496, "source": "search", "title": "\"8-Ball Bunny\" - Happy 75th birthday, Bugs Bunny ..." }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Beyond composer Carl Stalling's delightful scores for the Looney Tunes cartoons, he also helped shape some hilarious musical parodies, including this operatic duet between hunter Elmer Fudd and huntee Bugs Bunny, whose chase extends onto the stage of a production of Rossini's \"Barber of Seville.\"", "precise_score": -4.794270038604736, "rough_score": -8.382941246032715, "source": "search", "title": "\"8-Ball Bunny\" - Happy 75th birthday, Bugs Bunny ..." }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Jones' stylistically innovative parody of Wagnerian opera, in which hunter Elmer Fudd (sporting a Viking helmet) is off to \"kill the wabbit,\" offers Bugs an opportunity to disguise himself as the Valkyrie Brunnhilde riding an overly-plump white steed (as he had in \"Herr Meets Hare\"). But the storyline turns much more tragic. (\"Well, what did you expect in an opera? A happy ending?\") Considered Jones' greatest achievement (in 1994 a poll of animators named it the greatest cartoon ever), it was the first animated short inducted to the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.", "precise_score": -0.04762178659439087, "rough_score": 3.2315006256103516, "source": "search", "title": "\"8-Ball Bunny\" - Happy 75th birthday, Bugs Bunny ..." }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : It's no use, I just can't sleep. My delicate inner sense of danger tells me there's something fatally foreboding in the atmosphere. Elmer Fudd was a pale stereotype of his former self. Even paler than the original, if that's possible. And Sam wasn't Sam but an unreasonable facsimile thereof, a not so incredible insinuation. And that duck, sure, it looked like a duck and quacked like a duck.", "precise_score": -1.446365475654602, "rough_score": -6.453113555908203, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[Daffy is writing a license to shoot a fricasseeing rabbit to Elmer Fudd]", "precise_score": -2.265836477279663, "rough_score": -9.907540321350098, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : [as Dr. Killpatient] Tell me, Mr. Fudd. Do you have any rabbit inclinations?", "precise_score": -2.2204556465148926, "rough_score": -3.9795236587524414, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : Mr. Fudd, come in a minute, please.", "precise_score": -1.7406010627746582, "rough_score": -5.037487506866455, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : [Hiding the buckets of paint] Why, what's the matter, Fudd?", "precise_score": -4.785962104797363, "rough_score": -8.494335174560547, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [as Bugs slashes him with razor] Ooh! Ouch! Ouch! Ow! Ooh! Ooh! Ouch!", "precise_score": -1.1441318988800049, "rough_score": -9.209196090698242, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [chasing Bugs] Hey, you come back here!", "precise_score": -2.8753929138183594, "rough_score": -10.275369644165039, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "In Chuck Jones' Elmer's Candid Camera the rabbit first encounters Elmer Fudd . This rabbit has more of a physical resemblance to the present-day Bugs, being taller and having a more similar face. The voice for this rabbit, however, was not similar to the well-known Brooklyn-Bronx accent, but spoke in a rural drawl. This early version of Elmer is also quite different from the present-day one, being much fatter and taller, although the voice, done by Arthur Q. Bryan , is the same. In Robert Clampett 's 1940 Patient Porky , a similar rabbit appears to trick the audience into thinking that 750 rabbits have been born.", "precise_score": -0.7352111339569092, "rough_score": -4.887747287750244, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs' appearance in A Wild Hare , directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is considered the first appearance of both Elmer and Bugs in their fully developed forms. It was in this cartoon that he first emerged from his rabbit hole to ask Elmer Fudd, now a hunter rather than a photographer, \"What's up, Doc?\" Animation historian Joe Adamson counts A Wild Hare as the first \"official\" Bugs Bunny short. It is also the first cartoon where Mel Blanc uses a recognizable version of the voice of Bugs that would eventually become the standard.", "precise_score": 4.625149726867676, "rough_score": 2.9434213638305664, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs would appear in five more shorts during 1941: Tortoise Beats Hare , directed by Tex Avery and featuring the first appearance of Cecil Turtle ; Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt , the first Bugs Bunny short to be directed by Friz Freleng ; All This and Rabbit Stew , directed by Avery and featuring a young African-American hunter (based heavily on racial stereotypes) as Bugs' antagonist; The Heckling Hare , the final Bugs short Avery worked on before being fired (Avery and producer Schlesinger vehemently disagreed over the ending gag of The Heckling Hare, and Avery refused to compromise his creative principles) and leaving for MGM ; and Wabbit Twouble , the first Bugs short directed by Robert Clampett . Wabbit Twouble was also the first of five Bugs shorts to feature a chubbier remodel of Elmer Fudd, a short-lived attempt to have Fudd more closely resemble his voice actor, comedian Arthur Q. Bryan .", "precise_score": 1.96279776096344, "rough_score": 0.8589653372764587, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Other 1942 Bugs shorts included Chuck Jones' Hold the Lion, Please , Freleng's Fresh Hare and The Hare-Brained Hypnotist (which restored Elmer Fudd to his previous size), and Jones' Case of the Missing Hare . He also made cameo appearances in Tex Avery's final Warner Bros. short, Crazy Cruise, and starred in the two-minute United States war bonds commercial film Any Bonds Today .", "precise_score": -2.3926405906677246, "rough_score": -8.196677207946777, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs has also made appearances in animated specials for network television, mostly composed of classic cartoons with bridging material added, including How Bugs Bunny Won the West, and The Bugs Bunny Mystery Special. 1980's Bugs Bunny's Busting Out All Over, however, contained no vintage clips and featured the first new Bugs Bunny cartoons in 16 years. It opened with \"Portrait Of The Artist As a Young Bunny\", which features a flashback of Bugs as a child thwarting a young Elmer Fudd, while its third and closing short was \"Spaced Out Bunny\", with Bugs being kidnapped by Marvin the Martian to be a playmate for Hugo, an Abominable Snowman -like character (a new Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner short filled out the half hour). Also, there have been various compilation films, including the independently produced Bugs Bunny: Superstar (utilizing the vintage shorts then owned by United Artists ), while Warner Bros. assembled The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie , The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie , Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island , Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales and Daffy Duck's Quackbusters . He also made guest appearances in episodes of the 1990s television program Tiny Toon Adventures as the principal of Acme Looniversity and the mentor of Babs and Buster Bunny , and would later make occasional guest cameos on spinoffs Taz-Mania , Animaniacs and Histeria!", "precise_score": 3.1822049617767334, "rough_score": 0.8976229429244995, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs has feuded with Elmer Fudd , Yosemite Sam , Willoughby the Dog , Marvin the Martian , Beaky Buzzard , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Tasmanian Devil , Cecil Turtle , Charlie Dog , Witch Hazel , Rocky and Mugsy , Wile E. Coyote , the Crusher , Gremlin , Big Bad Wolf , Count Blood Count and a host of others. Bugs almost always wins these conflicts, a plot pattern which recurs in Looney Tunes films directed by Chuck Jones. Concerned that viewers would lose sympathy for an aggressive protagonist who always won, Jones had the antagonist characters repeatedly attempt to bully, cheat or threaten Bugs who has been minding his own business. He's also been known to break the fourth wall by \"communicating\" with the audience, either by explaining the situation (ex. \"Be with you in a minute, folks!\"), describing someone to the audience (ex. \"Feisty, ain't they?\"), clueing in on the story (ex. \"This happens to him all during the picture, folks.\"), etc.", "precise_score": -2.4337456226348877, "rough_score": -4.704862117767334, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny has some similarities to figures from mythology and folklore , such as Br'er Rabbit , Nanabozho , or Anansi , and might be seen as a modern trickster (for example, he repeatedly uses cross-dressing mischievously). Unlike most cartoon characters, however, Bugs Bunny is rarely defeated in his own games of trickery. One exception to this is the short Hare Brush , in which Elmer Fudd ultimately carries the day at the end; however, critics note that in this short, Elmer and Bugs assume each other's personalities—through mental illness and hypnosis, respectively—and it is only by becoming Bugs that Elmer can win. However, Bugs was beaten at his own game. In the short Duck Amuck he torments Daffy Duck as the unseen animator, ending with his line, \"Ain't I a stinker?\" Bugs feels the same wrath of an unseen animator in the short Rabbit Rampage where he is in turn tormented by Elmer Fudd. At the end of the clip Elmer gleefully exclaims, 'Well, I finally got even with that scwewy wabbit!\"", "precise_score": 2.4245994091033936, "rough_score": -1.9266616106033325, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny is also a master of disguise: he can wear any disguise that he wants to confuse his enemies: in Bowery Bugs he uses 5 disguises: fakir, gentleman, woman, baker and finally policeman. This ability of disguise makes Bugs famous because we can recognize him while at the same time realizing that his enemies are trapped. Bugs has a certain preference for the female disguise: Taz, Elmer Fudd, Yosemite Sam were fooled by this sexy bunny (woman) and in Hare Trimmed , Sam discovers the real face of \"Granny\" (Bugs's disguise) in the church where they attempt to get married. for some reason, Daffy Duck and Cecil turtle aren't fooled by the disguises.", "precise_score": -2.0415539741516113, "rough_score": -0.4175150394439697, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "In the opening of many of the Bugs Bunny cartoons, the Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes rings contain Bugs Bunny's head after the Warner Bros. shield (generally from 1944 and 1949 onward). Others have Bugs Bunny relaxing on top of the Warner Bros. shield: He chews on his carrot, looks angrily at the camera and pulls down the next logo (Merrie Melodies or Looney Tunes) like a window shade (generally on cartoons between 1945 until early 1949). Then he lifts it back up, to now be seen lying on his own name, which then fades into the title of the specific short. In some other cases, the title card sometimes fades to him, already on his name and chewing his carrot then fade to the name of the short. At the finish of some, Bugs breaks out of a drum (like Porky Pig ) and says, \"And that's the end\". Also, at the end of Box Office Bunny , right after Daffy Duck and Elmer Fudd run out through the Looney Tunes \"That's All Folks!\" sequence, Bugs later comes in through the rings and says, \"And that's all, folks!\". He did the ending for the last time at the end of Space Jam but this time saying \"Well, that's all, folks!\".", "precise_score": -1.5395981073379517, "rough_score": -2.83914852142334, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Billy West has been in television since the late 1980s. His first role was for the 1988 revived version of Bob Clampett 's Beany and Cecil . West's breakthrough role then came almost immediately, as the voice of Stimpy and later Ren in John Kricfalusi 's Ren & Stimpy . West has since been the voice talent for close to 120 different characters, including some of the most iconic animated figures in television history. Perhaps West's most notable film work came in the 1996 movie Space Jam . Starring alongside Michael Jordan , West provided the voice of both Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd . West would go on to reprise the roles of Bugs in subsequent Looney Tunes productions, including his cameos on Histeria! , the Kids' WB! promotional spots, and the 2006 Christmas -themed special Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas and the DVD compilations \"Reality Check\" and \"Stranger Than Fiction\", along with several Looney Tunes-centric CDs, cartoons, and video games. Billy West is, along with fellow voice artist Joe Alaskey , credited as one of the current successors of Mel Blanc in impersonating the voice of Bugs Bunny.", "precise_score": -2.8902804851531982, "rough_score": -2.211637496948242, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Family Guy (The Most notable being Elmer Fudd instantly shooting Bugs and breaking his neck afterwards). John Kassir provided the voice of Bugs.", "precise_score": -0.37861454486846924, "rough_score": -9.787576675415039, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Fictional Characters Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "A Wild Hare , directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is the first cartoon where both Elmer Fudd and Bugs are shown in their fully developed forms as hunter and tormentor. In this cartoon Mel Blanc first uses what would become the standard voice of Bugs. And Bugs first emerges from his rabbit hole to ask Elmer, \"What's up, Doc?\" Animation historian Joe Adamson counts A Wild Hare as the first \"official\" Bugs Bunny short. [7]", "precise_score": 4.775199890136719, "rough_score": 4.4568376541137695, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs in his Wild Hare likeness appeared in five more shorts during 1941. Tortoise Beats Hare , directed by Tex Avery, features the first appearance of Cecil Turtle ; Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt , is the first Bugs Bunny short directed by Friz Freleng ; All This and Rabbit Stew , directed by Avery, has Bugs tracked by a little African-American hunter (based heavily on racial stereotypes); The Heckling Hare was the final Bugs short Avery worked on before being fired (Avery and producer Schlesinger vehemently disagreed over the ending gag of The Heckling Hare, and Avery refused to compromise his creative principles) and leaving for MGM ; and Wabbit Twouble , the first Bugs short directed by Robert Clampett . Wabbit Twouble was also the first of five Bugs shorts to feature a chubbier remodel of Elmer Fudd, a short-lived attempt to have Fudd more closely resemble his voice actor, comedian Arthur Q. Bryan .", "precise_score": 2.6955044269561768, "rough_score": 0.8544849157333374, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Other 1942 Bugs shorts included Chuck Jones' Hold the Lion, Please , Freleng's Fresh Hare and The Hare-Brained Hypnotist (which restores Elmer Fudd to his previous size), and Jones' Case of the Missing Hare . Bugs also made cameos in Tex Avery's final Warner Bros. short, Crazy Cruise, and stars in the two-minute United States war bonds commercial film Any Bonds Today . [8]", "precise_score": -1.8853257894515991, "rough_score": -8.184895515441895, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs has made appearances in animated specials for network television, mostly composed of classic cartoons with bridging material added, including How Bugs Bunny Won the West, and The Bugs Bunny Mystery Special. 1980's Bugs Bunny's Busting Out All Over, however, contained no vintage clips and featured the first new Bugs Bunny cartoons in 16 years. It opened with \"Portrait Of The Artist As a Young Bunny\", which features a flashback of Bugs as a child thwarting a young Elmer Fudd, while its third and closing short was \"Spaced Out Bunny\", with Bugs being kidnapped by Marvin the Martian to be a playmate for Hugo, an Abominable Snowman -like character. (A new Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner short filled out the half hour.) Compilation films included the independently produced Bugs Bunny: Superstar , using the vintage shorts then owned by United Artists ; as well as Warner Bros. efforts The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie , The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie , Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island , Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales and Daffy Duck's Quackbusters . He also made guest appearances in episodes of the 1990s television program Tiny Toon Adventures as the principal of Acme Looniversity and the mentor of Babs and Buster Bunny , and would later make occasional guest cameos on spinoffs Taz-Mania and Animaniacs . He appears in the beginning of Gremlins 2: The New Batch , where he tries to ride the opening Warner Bros logo, but is interrupted by Daffy Duck.", "precise_score": 3.6224610805511475, "rough_score": 1.251343846321106, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs has feuded with Elmer Fudd , Yosemite Sam , Willoughby the Dog , Marvin The Martian , Beaky Buzzard , Daffy Duck , Porky Pig , Tasmanian Devil , Cecil Turtle , Charlie Dog , Witch Hazel , Rocky and Mugsy , Wile E Coyote , The Crusher , Gremlin , Big Bad Wolf , Count Blood Count and a host of others. Bugs almost always wins these conflicts, a plot pattern which recurs in Looney Tunes films directed by Chuck Jones. Concerned that viewers would lose sympathy for an aggressive protagonist who always won, Jones arranged for Bugs to be bullied, cheated, or threatened by the antagonists while minding his own business, justifying his subsequent antics as retaliation or self-defense. He's also been known to break the fourth wall by \"communicating\" with the audience, either by explaining the situation (ex. \"Be with you in a minute, folks!\"), describing someone to the audience (ex. \"Feisty, ain't they?\"), clueing in on the story (ex. \"This happens to him all during the picture, folks.\"), explaining that one of his antagonists' actions have pushed him to the breaking point (\"Of course you know, this means war.\"), etc.", "precise_score": -3.2026407718658447, "rough_score": -4.917732238769531, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny has some similarities to figures from mythology and folklore , such as Br'er Rabbit , Nanabozho , or Anansi , and might be seen as a modern trickster (for example, he repeatedly uses cross-dressing mischievously). Unlike most cartoon characters, however, Bugs Bunny is rarely defeated in his own games of trickery. One exception to this is the short Hare Brush , in which Elmer Fudd ultimately carries the day at the end; however, critics note that in this short, Elmer and Bugs assume each other's personalities—through mental illness and hypnosis, respectively—and it is only by becoming Bugs that Elmer can win. However, Bugs was beaten at his own game. In the short Duck Amuck he torments Daffy Duck as the unseen animator, ending with his line, \"Ain't I a stinker?\" Bugs feels the same wrath of an unseen animator in the short Rabbit Rampage where he is in turn tormented by Elmer Fudd. At the end of the clip Elmer gleefully exclaims, 'Well, I finally got even with that scwewy wabbit!\"", "precise_score": 2.424600124359131, "rough_score": -1.9266616106033325, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny is also a master of disguise: he can wear any disguise that he wants to confuse his enemies: in Bowery Bugs he uses diverse disguises: fakir, gentleman, woman, baker and finally policeman. This ability of disguise makes Bugs famous because we can recognize him while at the same time realizing that his enemies are trapped. Bugs has a certain preference for the female disguise: Taz, Elmer Fudd, Yosemite Sam were fooled by this sexy bunny (woman) and in Hare Trimmed , Sam discovers the real face of \"Granny\" (Bugs's disguise) in the church where they attempt to get married. For all the gullible victims of all these disguises, however, for some reason, Daffy Duck and Cecil Turtle are among those who are never fooled.", "precise_score": -1.8632253408432007, "rough_score": -0.30795547366142273, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "The animators throughout Bugs' history have treated the terms rabbit and hare as synonymous. Taxonomically, they are not synonymous, being somewhat similar but observably different types of lagomorphs . Hares have much longer ears than rabbits, so Bugs might seem to be of the hare family, yet rabbits live in burrows, as Bugs is seen to do. Many more of the cartoon titles include the word \"hare\" rather than \"rabbit,\" as \"hare\" lends itself easily to puns (\"hair,\" \"air,\" etc.) Elmer Fudd has always referred to Bugs as a \"wabbit\".", "precise_score": -4.071961402893066, "rough_score": -7.55414342880249, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "In the opening of many of the Bugs Bunny cartoons, the Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes irises contain Bugs Bunny's head after the Warner Bros. shield (generally from 1944 and 1949 onward). Others have Bugs Bunny relaxing on top of the Warner Bros. shield: He chews on his carrot, looks angrily at the camera and pulls down the next logo (Merrie Melodies or Looney Tunes) like a window shade (generally on cartoons between 1945 until early 1949). Then he lifts it back up, to now be seen lying on his own name, which then fades into the title of the specific short. In some other cases, the title card sometimes fades to him, already on his name and chewing his carrot then fade to the name of the short. At the finish of Hare Tonic and Baseball Bugs , Bugs breaks out of a drum (like Porky Pig ) and says, \"And that's the end\". Also, at the end of Box Office Bunny , right after Daffy Duck and Elmer Fudd run out through the Looney Tunes \"That's All Folks!\" sequence, Bugs later comes in through the rings and says, \"And that's all, folks!\". He did the ending for the last time at the end of Space Jam but this time saying \"Well, that's all, folks!\".", "precise_score": -1.4580937623977661, "rough_score": -3.322148084640503, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny - Looney Tunes Wiki - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes", "precise_score": -6.7257280349731445, "rough_score": -10.307425498962402, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd (Character)", "precise_score": -5.020083427429199, "rough_score": -9.861504554748535, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : [as Dr. Killpatient] Tell me, Mr. Fudd. Do you have any rabbit inclinations?", "precise_score": -2.2204532623291016, "rough_score": -3.9795236587524414, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : Mr. Fudd, come in a minute, please.", "precise_score": -1.740601658821106, "rough_score": -5.037487506866455, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Bugs Bunny : [Hiding the buckets of paint] Why, what's the matter, Fudd?", "precise_score": -4.785960674285889, "rough_score": -8.494335174560547, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[after Elmer Fudd threw first firecracker. This did not attack the ants]", "precise_score": -6.35642671585083, "rough_score": -9.52534294128418, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[after an ant tried to catch Elmer Fudd off guard, it blew out the firecracker and headed back to its colony. A larger cannon ball designed bomb exploded, destroying Elmer Fudd's wristwatch]", "precise_score": -6.436357498168945, "rough_score": -10.104643821716309, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer's Candid Camera (MM, Jones): Debut of Elmer Fudd. Bugs is almost fully realized as a character by this point, with his original Screwy Squirrel traits played down in favor of being more reserved and in control than before, but his character is still very underplayed. With that said, he still has some of his unmotivated heckler self left in him, pestering poor Elmer (who was just taking pictures) to the point where he has a nervous breakdown. Chuck Jones was not happy with this short, saying the rabbit was \"Bugs with his umbilical cord in his hand looking for a place to plug it in.\" and that it should only be watched \"If you are dying to die of innui.\"", "precise_score": 0.38875800371170044, "rough_score": -5.762909889221191, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Western Animation) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Tortoise Beats Hare (MM, Avery): The first of the three \"Bugs Vs. Cecil\" shorts. Chuck Jones, in his opinion, considered it a failure, feeling that Tex had swapped Bugs' in-control, defensive personality in favor of making him the loser ala Elmer Fudd while giving Cecil Turtle Bugs' personality (but with all fairness, it did show us a whole different side of Bugs than before).", "precise_score": -0.665496826171875, "rough_score": -5.680932521820068, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Western Animation) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "American use of the term Nimrod to mean \"idiot\" is attributed (in Garner's Modern American Usage) entirely to Bugs's expostulation \"What a Nimrod!\" to describe the inept hunter Elmer Fudd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.870894432067871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bugs Bunny" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, as it turns out, I'm secwetwy evil.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.08701229095459, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Now, make with da the card; so I can pwease my dark masters!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.326799392700195, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Pale Sterotype of Elmer Fudd: [comes up on rolling legs, like a unicycle] I'm hunting wabbits, I'm hunting wabbits, I'm hunting wabbits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.343475341796875, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Come out of thewe, you wetch!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251850128173828, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Pale Sterotype of Elmer Fudd: [deadpan] Be vewy, vewy quiet I'm hunting wabbits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267901420593262, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Pale Sterotype of Elmer Fudd: I'm hunting wabbits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.288078308105469, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Pale Sterotype of Elmer Fudd: Be vewy, vewy, quiet, vewy quiet, vewy quiet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.295072555541992, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Pale Sterotype of Elmer Fudd: Hewwo, I want to spwead sunshine, whereever I can, I can, I can.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.321541786193848, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Don't play games with me, Wabbit! You're under awwest!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431870460510254, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : It's the end of the wine, Tall Dark Stwanger. I have a warrant for your awwest!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332664489746094, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Aha! I've got you now! You tall, dark stwanger!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352513313293457, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Start from the beginning.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116019248962402, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : No, no, that's too far back!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.115641593933105, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Yeah, I gotta find that wabbit or my caweer will be wuined.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381448745727539, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : But - but I'm not...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.953435897827148, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [to Bugs as a game warden] Oh, Mr. Game Warden. I hope you can help me. I've been told I could shoot wabbits and goats and pigeons and mongooses and dirty skunks and ducks. Could you tell me what season it weawwy is?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.808157920837402, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [shoots Daffy Duck]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.466451644897461, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, Mr. Game Warden, I hope you can help me. I've been told I can shoot wabbits, and goats, and pigeons, and mongooses, and dirty skunks, and ducks. Can you tell me what season it weawy is?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317917823791504, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, what do you know? One buwwet left!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407248497009277, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Aw, shucks. Well, I... Ha-ha-ha-ha-ha!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836237907409668, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [singing] Mama's wittle baby woves wabbit, wabbit, Mama's wittle baby woves wabbit stew!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484046936035156, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : A wabbit. I'm gonna make a wabbit stew.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36299991607666, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : No wabbit? Well, I...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.163987159729004, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Ooh, you twickster! You're the wabbit!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282963752746582, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Six.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.153663635253906, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, this is tewwible. Trapped with a cwazy, contaminated wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484766006469727, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, gwacious! Oh, my!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.157590866088867, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, let go of my hand, you cwazy wabbit! Oh, now you've done it. You've contaminated me! Oh, ho-ho-ho-ho!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344985961914062, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, I'm gweatwy gwatified to see you, Doctor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33366870880127, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : He's wight in here, some pwace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259346008300781, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh! Oh, my gwacious!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256032943725586, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Spots! I see spots before my eyes!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472114562988281, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : All wight, Wocky, you're comin' with me, you mawefactor!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.246757507324219, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : How dare you twy to bwibe me, you miscweant!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346979141235352, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Sneak into my theater will you, you wasically wabbit?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406257629394531, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Say, have you seen a wabbit wun by here?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353095054626465, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, I am kinda hungwy...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167025566101074, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Having a warge popcorn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391840934753418, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : And a medium soft dwink.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274593353271484, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : No, officer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16396713256836, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, Mr. officer, sir, please give break. you see, I was just - hey, you're that screwy rabbit that snuck in here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.686155319213867, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pwease, Mr. Bogart. I couldn't get a wabbit. I twied and I twied.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14858627319336, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pardon me, Mister Wabbit, but Mr. Humphwey Bogart would just wove to have you for dinner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257402420043945, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, eh, something vewy special. Fried wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267996788024902, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, wight over here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395986557006836, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : One wemon mewingue pie coming up!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386025428771973, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pick up pie!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421683311462402, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : One banana cweam pie coming up! Pick up pie!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505157470703125, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : One coconut custard pie with whipped cweam coming up! Say, you know what I think? I think that's the wabbit. Well, he who waughs wast... He he he! Pick up pie!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323615074157715, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [singing] I've been working on the wailwoad, all the wive, wong day...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398865699768066, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : There's something screwy around here!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41220474243164, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : So I'm a big, fat wat!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277817726135254, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I just put a scwewy wabbit out of his misewy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14960765838623, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [trapped in handcuff bomb] OHHHH! My keys! Where are my keys? My keys! Hurry up! Gimme the keys! Oh!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.735261917114258, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Quick, get me outta this predicament, undo these cuffs!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.195781707763672, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [in jail] Well, anyway, I'm wid of that gwizzwy bear and scwewy wabbit. West and wewaxation at wast!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198918342590332, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [after nailing a board over Bugs's hole] That'll hold him alwight, heh heh heh heh heh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.355257034301758, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Ooh, wait 'till I get that wabbit!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.377697944641113, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : You are getting sweepy, sweepy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.348081588745117, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : You needn't twy to escape. I have you in my cwutches. So come out of there. Come out.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266796112060547, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : You are Asweep. Asweep and helpwess.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320673942565918, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : What have I done? Thwee miwwion dowwars all shot to pieces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329541206359863, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Hey! Wait a minute, you impostor. You're not shewiff. You're the wabbit in disguise. Off with it, you twickster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.660579681396484, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Gold! Gold! Wovewy, yewwow gold! Where? Where?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508760452270508, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : That's nothing. I have one wight...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22990894317627, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Wabbit, I came here for gold, and I'm going to get it!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352267265319824, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Euweka! Gold at wast! He-he-he-he!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214826583862305, "source": "search", "title": "Bugs Bunny (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Sneak into my theater will you, you wasically wabbit?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.406257629394531, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Say, have you seen a wabbit wun by here?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353095054626465, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, I am kinda hungwy...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167025566101074, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Having a warge popcorn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391840934753418, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : And a medium soft dwink.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.274593353271484, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : They're all out of gum dwops?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.360045433044434, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : No, officer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16396713256836, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, Mr. officer, sir, please give break. you see, I was just - hey, you're that screwy rabbit that snuck in here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.686155319213867, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Having a warge popcorn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.391840934753418, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : And a medium soft drink.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36912727355957, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [to Bugs as a game warden] Oh, Mr. Game Warden. I hope you can help me. I've been told I could shoot wabbits and goats and pigeons and mongooses and dirty skunks and ducks. Could you tell me what season it weawwy is?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.808157920837402, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Got you, you wabbit stew, you.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314859390258789, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [shoots Daffy Duck]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.466451644897461, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, Mr. Game Warden, I hope you can help me. I've been told I can shoot wabbits, and goats, and pigeons, and mongooses, and dirty skunks, and ducks. Can you tell me what season it weawy is?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.317917823791504, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : But I haven't got a wicense to shoot a fwicasseeing wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214046478271484, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [as a Thanksgiving hunter] I'm just shooting turkeys for the Thanksgiving dinner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.448286056518555, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [as a bride] Ohhhh, ju-u-u-udge? Will you marry me?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44841194152832, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[Elmer Fudd appears on screen]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447585105895996, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Bang, bang, bang! Come out of your holes, you cowardwy wabbits! Bang, bang! And I'll bwow you to smitteweenies!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.111493110656738, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Come on out now, and let me see the cowor of your spurting bwood!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.207513809204102, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : All wight, Wocky, you're comin' with me, you mawefactor!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.246757507324219, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : How dare you twy to bwibe me, you miscweant!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346979141235352, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Fudd", "passage": "Taxi Radio Announcer: Calling Agent Fudd, calling Agent Fudd: the Tall Dark Stranger is about to leave the City Bank.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.501715660095215, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : At wast! I've got you this time, Tall Dark Stranger! Step on it! Bye-bye!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28688907623291, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Don't play games with me, Wabbit! You're under awwest!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.431870460510254, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : It's the end of the wine, Tall Dark Stwanger. I have a warrant for your awwest!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.332664489746094, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Aha! I've got you now! You tall, dark stwanger!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352513313293457, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I think I'll push this wed one.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.375931739807129, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Say, that weawwy does the twick, awwight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.107008934020996, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, I, um...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.93203353881836, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Hey!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.177619934082031, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [gags as the arms choke him with the tie as a noose] Help! Get me down!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.998196601867676, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : That's the wast stwaw! Pack up all this push-button nonsense and wemove it fwom my pwemises! I'm going upstairs and take an aspiwin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.09064769744873, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : My stairway's gone! What have you done with my stairs?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472933769226074, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : But what happens to the downstairs?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.402084350585938, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Say, I wonder what that wed button is for?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447739601135254, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, what do you know? One buwwet left!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.407248497009277, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Aw, shucks. Well, I... Ha-ha-ha-ha-ha!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.836237907409668, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [singing] Mama's wittle baby woves wabbit, wabbit, Mama's wittle baby woves wabbit stew!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484046936035156, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : A wabbit. I'm gonna make a wabbit stew.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36299991607666, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : No wabbit? Well, I...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.163987159729004, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Ooh, you twickster! You're the wabbit!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.282963752746582, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, this is tewwible. Trapped with a cwazy, contaminated wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484766006469727, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, gwacious! Oh, my!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.157590866088867, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, let go of my hand, you cwazy wabbit! Oh, now you've done it. You've contaminated me! Oh, ho-ho-ho-ho!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344985961914062, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, I'm gweatwy gwatified to see you, Doctor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33366870880127, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : He's wight in here, some pwace.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.259346008300781, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh! Oh, my gwacious!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256032943725586, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Spots! I see spots before my eyes!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472114562988281, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [singing] I've been working on the wailwoad, all the wive, wong day...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398865699768066, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : There's something screwy around here!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41220474243164, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : So I'm a big, fat wat!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.277817726135254, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I hate wittle, gway wabbits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310371398925781, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I just put a scwewy wabbit out of his misewy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14960765838623, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Hoowee, for the fourth of July!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.218698501586914, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[after Elmer Fudd quietly snuck up to the ants' colonies and surprised the ants, by dropping a firecracker, into the leaders' hole that declared war on him, he then put his finger into the hole, so the ants were unable to retreat from the explosion, of the firecracker. After the firecracker exploded, Elmer Fudd chuckled evilly]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.555957794189453, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Heh, he, heh!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.988886833190918, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[after Elmer Fudd's evil laugh and seeing a majority of the ants' colonies blow up and shoot out numerous injued ants, he quickly walks back to his 'base']", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.970385551452637, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Why don't you ants go under ground, where you bewong?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.456708908081055, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[after a general of the ants sets a briefcase, to send numeruos firecrackers over Elmer Fudd's ground, and getting blackfaced, Elmer Fudd extremely irate, throws firecrackers back to the ants' colonies. At this same time, a group of winged ants, fly over Elmer Fudd's base and drop more firecrackers on him and causing him to run away]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.963582992553711, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : You'll never take me awive!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351789474487305, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "[Elmer Fudd then quickly runs away. Then a leading ant lights a firecracker, that lost some of its gunpowder. The lit gunpowder explodes apparently killing Elmer Fudd, and the victorious ants do a salute, as a parade of fireworks occurs. Then the Closing Credits musical theme song begins]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.626163482666016, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Yes sir, Mr. Bogart. Ah, we have some vewy nice...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.188720703125, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, I'm vewy sorry, Mr. Bogart. But we're just fwesh out of wabbit. Heh-heh-heh-heh. We got some vewy nice Cwepe Suzzette.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.078804969787598, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [nervous] Yes, sir, Mr. Bogart. The customer is always wight. Heh-heh-heh, heh-heh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352299690246582, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pwease, Mr. Bogart. I couldn't get a wabbit. I twied and I twied.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.14858627319336, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pardon me, Mister Wabbit, but Mr. Humphwey Bogart would just wove to have you for dinner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.257402420043945, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, eh, something vewy special. Fried wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267996788024902, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Well, wight over here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.395986557006836, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : One wemon mewingue pie coming up!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.386025428771973, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pick up pie!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.421683311462402, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : One banana cweam pie coming up! Pick up pie!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.505157470703125, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : One coconut custard pie with whipped cweam coming up! Say, you know what I think? I think that's the wabbit. Well, he who waughs wast... He he he! Pick up pie!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.323615074157715, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer J. Fudd", "passage": "Elmer J. Fudd : Hey, where am I? What happened? I'm all wrinkled. What year is this?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.4122314453125, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer J. Fudd", "passage": "Elmer J. Fudd : 2000 A.D.? Gwacious! What's this?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186399459838867, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer J. Fudd", "passage": "Elmer J. Fudd : Bing Crosby's horse hasn't come in yet? Hey! Smellavision wepwaces television? Howy mackarel!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351822853088379, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer J. Fudd", "passage": "Elmer J. Fudd : [crying] I twied and I twied, but I just simpwy can't seem to catch that old wabbit!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141850471496582, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer J. Fudd", "passage": "Elmer J. Fudd : Twy, twy again? Yeah, but how wong will it take?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.355093955993652, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I'll gwind yer bones to make me bwead.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400279998779297, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Good widdence to bad wubbish.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.267677307128906, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : What have I done? Thwee miwwion dowwars all shot to pieces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.329541206359863, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Gold! Gold! Wovewy, yewwow gold! Where? Where?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508760452270508, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : That's nothing. I have one wight...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22990894317627, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Wabbit, I came here for gold, and I'm going to get it!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352267265319824, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Euweka! Gold at wast! He-he-he-he!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.214826583862305, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Westful wetweat - Bawoney! I'll show you. Take that!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.382946968078613, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : And that! And that! And that! Peace and wewaxation, huh? Wubbish! Take that! And that! And that! And...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.16232681274414, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Hewo. Heh heh heh heh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.134679794311523, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [in jail] Well, anyway, I'm wid of that gwizzwy bear and scwewy wabbit. West and wewaxation at wast!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.198918342590332, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [after nailing a board over Bugs's hole] That'll hold him alwight, heh heh heh heh heh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.355257034301758, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Which way did he go? Which way did he go?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.434551239013672, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [Carries fishing gear] I bet you think I'm going fishing. No. Bewieve it or not, I'm hunting a certain wascawwy wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.464109420776367, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Wabbits wove cawwots.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280852317810059, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Pwetty cwafty, eh?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.398946762084961, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Hey! Wait a minute, you impostor. You're not shewiff. You're the wabbit in disguise. Off with it, you twickster.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.660579681396484, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [Elmer is seen dripping chemicals into a test tube] I'm trying to make the formula that will change a normal character into a deviwish fiend.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.04715347290039, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [Elmer hands Bugs a formula in a test tube] Uh, have one on the house, wabbit.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.932784080505371, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Now, wabbit! Dwink!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.153651237487793, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : At wast! Success! He's gonna turn into a gwuesome monster!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.974835395812988, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [crying] Oh, it don't work! It doesn't work, I'm a tewwible scientist!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.324732780456543, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Oh, this is tewwible, I tried my best, and...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.485858917236328, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [very fast] For vewy mewitorwious service, you are herewith pwomoted to the position of manager. Take over.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.435110092163086, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : [reading from an earthquake safety pamphlet] Safety tip #1: GET OUT OF ACME ACRES!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.48959732055664, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I'm gwad you asked that question!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.327027320861816, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Now, here's the answer: Imagine my head is the pwanet. Huh huh huh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337122917175293, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : The surface has cwacks in it, wike this.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33633804321289, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : These are fault-wines. Earthquakes occur when something makes these sections move awound and awound...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433349609375, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : This movement can be caused by internal pwessure, or viowent continental dwift. There's even an old-wives tale that attwibutes our earthquakes to gwemwins.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.27922248840332, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I've made up my mind who's leaving these premises!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38418960571289, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : Come out of thewe, you wetch!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.251850128173828, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : All wight, all wight, I'll take that over there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.387149810791016, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Elmer Fudd", "passage": "Elmer Fudd : I'm not one to compwain, Mr. Wefewee, but I thought you said no WOUGH STUFF! Nunna THIS", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.222734451293945, "source": "search", "title": "Elmer Fudd (Character) - Quotes - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Caroline in the City is an American situation comedy that ran on the NBC television network. It stars Lea Thompson as cartoonist Caroline Duffy, who lives in Manhattan in New York City. The series premiered on September 21, 1995 in the \"Must See TV\" Thursday night block after Seinfeld. The show ran for 97 episodes over four seasons, before it was cancelled; its final episode was broadcast on April 26, 1999.", "precise_score": 4.085785865783691, "rough_score": 6.773029804229736, "source": "wiki", "title": "Caroline in the City" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "* (Lea Thompson) – Caroline is a cartoonist of the comic strip Caroline in the City. Originally from Peshtigo, Wisconsin, Caroline has a need for people to like her. She meddles in the lives of her friends and people around her, and often gets into trouble because of it. She initially breaks her engagement to Del Cassidy, but remains friends with him. She hires Richard Karinsky to be her colorist. Although Richard has feelings for Caroline, she does not realize or reciprocate until the end of the second season. She dates veterinarian Joe DeStefano in the second season, and former classmates Trevor and Randy in the third and fourth seasons. She becomes engaged to Randy, but her wedding ceremony is interrupted when Richard appears.", "precise_score": -0.19232439994812012, "rough_score": -1.8996471166610718, "source": "wiki", "title": "Caroline in the City" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson starred in all three 'Back to the Future' movies.", "precise_score": 4.020279884338379, "rough_score": 2.42750883102417, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Catching up with the cast - USA Today" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson has run the gamut in her 30-year Hollywood career, from Dancing With the Stars to her own NBC sitcom, Caroline in the City.", "precise_score": 1.4090137481689453, "rough_score": 0.09163908660411835, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Catching up with the cast - USA Today" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson achieved star billing in the title role of the NBC television series Caroline in the City, which ran for three seasons from 1995 to 1998 . The only BTTF trilogy actor to appear on the comedy was Sean Gregory Sullivan (who had been part of Buford's gang in Part III). She was recently given top cast billing in the upcoming 2008 film, Exit Speed.", "precise_score": 5.935029029846191, "rough_score": 6.3500566482543945, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "*Lea Thompson as Lorraine Baines-McFly", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.43426513671875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson was cast as Lorraine McFly because she had acted opposite Stoltz in The Wild Life; the producers noticed her as they had watched the film while casting Stoltz. Her prosthetic makeup for scenes at the beginning of the film, set in 1985, took three and a half hours to apply. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.804000854492188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "At the 58th Academy Awards, Back to the Future won for Best Sound Effects Editing, while Zemeckis and Gale were nominated for Best Original Screenplay, \"The Power of Love\" was nominated for Best Original Song, and Bill Varney, B. Tennyson Sebastian II, Robert Thirlwell and William B. Kaplan were nominated for Best Sound Mixing. The film won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation and the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. Michael J. Fox and the visual effects designers won categories at the Saturn Awards. Zemeckis, composer Alan Silvestri, the costume design and supporting actors Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover and Thomas F. Wilson were also nominated. The film was nominated for numerous BAFTAs at the 39th British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film, original screenplay, visual effects, production design and editing. At the 43rd Golden Globe Awards, Back to the Future was nominated for Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy), original song (for \"The Power of Love\"), Best Actor in a Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (Fox) and Best Screenplay for Zemeckis and Gale. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.260525226593018, "source": "wiki", "title": "Back to the Future" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Caroline Duffy (Lea Thompson), a cartoonist who lives in Manhattan, spends a lot of time with dates and lovers, and meddles in the lives of her friends and neighbors. In the pilot episode, she has broken up with Del Cassidy (Eric Lutes), who quickly finds another date. She hires Richard Karinsky (Malcolm Gets) to be her new colorist, and he pretends to be her new boyfriend during a dinner to prevent her from being embarrassed over Del's moving on. During the first season, Richard develops feelings for Caroline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.31799840927124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Caroline in the City" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433122634887695, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "How much of Lea Thompson's work have you seen?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.551733016967773, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429264068603516, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429264068603516, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Thirty years after \"Back to the Future\" was released USA TODAY takes a look at where Lea Thompson who plays Lorraine is now. USA TODAY", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.781384468078613, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Catching up with the cast - USA Today" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "'Back to the Future' 30 years later: Lea Thompson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.063385963439941, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Catching up with the cast - USA Today" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson | Futurepedia | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.164155960083008, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson was born in Rochester, Minnesota, on May 31 , 1961 , nine days earlier than Back to the Future co-star Michael J. Fox .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.382260799407959, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson in circa 1995/6.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.352876663208008, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Futurepedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484076499938965, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429264068603516, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea lives in Los Angeles with her husband of twenty-five years, film/television director Howard Deutch, and their two talented daughters, Madelyn and Zoey, along with many dogs, fish, horses, chickens, a cat, tortoise, and parrot. She supports and often performs for breast cancer, mental health, and Alzheimer's charities. Lea is currently in pre-production on \"The Year of Spectacular Men\", a film written by her daughter Madelyn Deutch, and is writing her first book of essays. Lea Thompson will partner with international Mirrorball Trophy holder Artem Chigvintsev on the 19th season of \"Dancing With The Stars.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.490708351135254, "source": "search", "title": "Lea Thompson - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lea Thompson", "passage": "Lea Thompson (Lorraine) took more time than most to warm up to the idea of Fox carrying the film. \"I was really snotty then,\" Thompson admits. \"I was like, 'Oh, my God, a sitcom actor?' I was so snotty about it. After I actually did a sitcom [Caroline in the City], I realized it was the hardest thing in the world.\" She adds that she was quickly won over by her new co-star. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.555762767791748, "source": "search", "title": "'Back to the Future': Director, Stars, Producers Reveal 10 ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Rising out of the marshy western end of Great Slave Lake, the Mackenzie River flows generally west-northwest for about 300 km, passing the hamlet of Fort Providence. At Fort Simpson it is joined by the Liard River, its largest tributary, then swings towards the Arctic, paralleling the Franklin Mountains as it receives the North Nahanni River. The Keele River enters from the left about 100 km above Tulita, where the Great Bear River joins the Mackenzie. Just before crossing the Arctic Circle, the river passes Norman Wells, then continues northwest to merge with the Arctic Red and Peel rivers. It finally empties into the Beaufort Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean, through the vast Mackenzie Delta. ", "precise_score": 5.195673942565918, "rough_score": 7.3855814933776855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mackenzie River" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The Mackenzie River system is the second largest river system in the North American continent, after only the Mississippi-Missouri River system. It is also Canada’s largest and longest river basin. The Mackenzie River system flows along a course of 4,241 kilometers from its headwaters in the Finlay River to its drainage into the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic Ocean. The Mackenzie and its tributaries together drain an area of about 1,805,200 square kilometers, which represents about 20% of Canada’s total land area. Though the Mackenzie River itself flows entirely within the boundaries of the Northwest Territories of Canada, many of its tributaries spread out into adjacent Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Yukon. The Peace, Athabasca, and Liard Rivers are some of the most important tributaries of the Mackenzie. A number of lakes, like the Lake Athabasca, Great Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake, also form notable parts of the Mackenzie River system.", "precise_score": 6.054861545562744, "rough_score": 7.707033634185791, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River In Canada - WorldAtlas.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Mackenzie River, major river system in the drainage pattern of northwestern North America . Its basin is the largest in Canada , and it is exceeded on the continent only by the Mississippi-Missouri system. The Mackenzie system drains an area of some 697,000 square miles (1,805,200 square km), which is almost as large as Mexico . From the headwaters of the Finlay River, which flows into Williston Lake (the impounded waters of the Peace River ) west of the Rocky Mountains , the entire river system runs for 2,635 miles (4,241 km) through the lake-strewn Canadian north to empty into the cold and often-frozen waters of the Beaufort Sea in the Arctic Ocean . The Mackenzie itself is 1,025 miles (1,650 km) long, according to the conventional measurement from Great Slave Lake . The river is generally wide, mostly from 1 to 2 miles (1.6 to 3.2 km) across, and in island-dotted sections, 3 to 4 miles (4.8 to 6.4 km) wide. It has a strong flow. Its lake-covered triangular delta measures more than 120 miles (190 km) from north to south and is about 50 miles (80 km) wide along the Arctic shore.", "precise_score": 4.307987689971924, "rough_score": 7.431005954742432, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Named Deh Cho, or \"big river,\" by the Dene people, the Mackenzie River is one of the world's longest free flowing rivers, traveling 1,738 km north from Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean. The river receives water from three provinces and two territories - water that ultimately replenishes the 50,000 lakes that make up the Mackenzie Delta, where the river meets the Beaufort Sea. Water flowing from the Mackenzie into the Arctic Ocean plays an important role in regulating ocean circulation and climate.", "precise_score": 6.209903240203857, "rough_score": 8.083579063415527, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River - WWF-Canada" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Through its many tributaries, the Mackenzie River basin covers portions of five Canadian provinces and territories – British Columbia (BC), Alberta, Saskatchewan, Yukon, and Northwest Territories. The two largest headwaters forks, the Peace and Athabasca Rivers, drain much of the central Alberta prairie and the Rocky Mountains in northern BC then combine into the Slave River at the Peace-Athabasca Delta near Lake Athabasca, which also receives runoff from northwestern Saskatchewan. The Slave is the primary feeder of Great Slave Lake (contributing about 77% of the water); other inflows include the Taltson, Lockhart and Hay Rivers, the latter of which also extends into Alberta and BC. Direct tributaries of the Mackenzie from the west such as the Liard and Peel Rivers carry runoff from the mountains of the eastern Yukon. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.290280342102051, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mackenzie River" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The eastern portion of the Mackenzie basin is dominated by vast reaches of lake-studded boreal forest and includes many of the largest lakes in North America. By both volume and surface area, Great Bear Lake is the biggest in the watershed and third largest on the continent, with a surface area of 31153 km2 and a volume of 2236 km3. Great Slave Lake is slightly smaller, with an area of 28568 km2 and containing 2088 km3 of water, although it is significantly deeper than Great Bear. The third major lake, Athabasca, is less than a third that size with an area of 7800 km2. Six other lakes in the watershed cover more than 1000 km2, including the Williston Lake reservoir, the second-largest artificial lake in North America, on the Peace River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0649971961975098, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mackenzie River" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "As of 2001, approximately 397,000 people lived in the Mackenzie River basin – representing only 1% of Canada's population. Ninety percent of these people lived in the Peace and Athabasca River drainage areas, and mainly in Alberta. The cold northern permafrost regions beyond the Arctic Circle are very sparsely populated, mainly by indigenous peoples. As a result, much of the Mackenzie watershed consists of unbroken wilderness and human activities presently have little influence on water quality or quantity in the basin's major rivers. Perhaps the heaviest use of the watershed is in resource extraction – oil and gas in central Alberta, lumber in the Peace River headwaters, uranium in Saskatchewan, gold in the Great Slave Lake area and tungsten in the Yukon. Especially in the case of oil, these activities are beginning to pose a threat to riverine ecology in the headwaters of the Mackenzie River. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.5128521919250488, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mackenzie River" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "During the ice-free season, the Mackenzie is a major transportation link through the vast wilderness of northern Canada, linking the numerous scattered and isolated communities along its course. Canada's northernmost major railhead is located at the town of Hay River, on the south shore of Great Slave Lake. Goods shipped there by train and truck are loaded onto barges of the Inuit-owned Northern Transportation Company. Barge traffic travels the entire length of the Mackenzie in long \"trains\" of up to fifteen vessels pulled by tugboats, with the sole exception being in a few of the river's narrows, where the barges are uncoupled and towed one by one through difficult stretches. Goods are shipped as far as the town of Tuktoyaktuk on the eastern end of the Mackenzie Delta. From there they are further distributed among communities along Canada's Arctic coast and the numerous islands north of it. During the winter, the frozen channel of the Mackenzie River, especially in the delta region, is crisscrossed with ice roads served by dogsleds and snowmobiles. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5818988680839539, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mackenzie River" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The Mackenzie River basin is still one of the most sparsely populated, and pristine, habitats of North America. Through the trapping of animals such as beavers, lynxes, foxes, and martens for fur is still practiced by the indigenous Indians settled along the river, fur trading is no longer a dominant source of economic revenue for this region. Agriculture is not extensively practiced in this region, and is mainly limited to the warmer, southern reaches of the river and its tributaries, where grains and cereals are cultivated and animal ranching is practiced. Commercial fishing is carried out in the lakes of the Mackenzie system like Lake Athabasca and the Great Slave Lake. Oil and petroleum mining is the major profitable activity along the Mackenzie River, with the first oil field being discovered in 1921 at Norman Wells. Uranium, gold, diamond, lead, and zinc have also been mined in and along the Mackenzie River system. Besides its economic significance, the Mackenzie River is also ecologically significant, hosting some of the most pristine habitats of North America, and accounting for 11% of the freshwater entering into the Arctic, thereby influencing the circulation patterns of this northern ocean to a significant degree.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.9603796005249023, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River In Canada - WorldAtlas.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Great Slave Lake", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.54499340057373, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The headwaters of the system include several large rivers, which themselves drain vast forested plains of northeastern British Columbia and northern Alberta . These drainage basins include the Liard River (about 107,000 square miles [277,100 square km]), the Peace River (116,800 square miles [302,500 square km]), and the Athabasca River (36,800 square miles [95,300 square km]). Much shorter rivers flow into the system from the east, draining the low rocky hills of the ancient structural mass known as the Canadian Shield . The system also includes the huge Great Slave Lake (11,030 square miles [28,570 square km]), Great Bear Lake (12,100 square miles [31,340 square km]) in Northwest Territories , and the smaller Lake Athabasca (3,060 square miles [7,925 square km]) between Alberta and Saskatchewan .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9904863834381104, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The Mackenzie River itself begins at the western end of Great Slave Lake , at 512 feet (156 metres) above sea level. Deep (more than 2,000 feet [610 metres] in some places), clear water fills the lake’s eastern arm, and shallow, murky water is found in the western part. Because of its large size and the extent of its winter ice cover, Great Slave Lake is the last part of the Mackenzie waterway to be free of ice in the spring, with some ice remaining until mid-June in the lake’s centre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.153813362121582, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The perpetually frozen subsurface known as permafrost lies a few feet beneath the surface of the islands in the delta and exists discontinuously beneath the entire Mackenzie Lowlands north of Great Slave Lake. Depending on the type of vegetation cover, the top few inches to several feet of ground above the permafrost thaws during the summer months. Northern construction of airfields, roads, and pipelines has to be adapted to these permafrost conditions; houses and other buildings are usually placed on wooden piles that are sunk and frozen into the permafrost for stability. One of the distinctive features of the town of Inuvik is a utilidor, a linear boxlike metal container raised slightly above the surface of the ground, in which the separate sewer, water, and heating pipes are placed. Mackenzie River water-transport routes terminate at Tuktoyaktuk on the Arctic coast northeast of the delta; there cargo is transferred to other vessels of greater draft, which serve the small settlements, radar stations, and oil-exploration sites along the western Arctic coast.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.937049150466919, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Metallic minerals have been found along the eastern and southern edges of the basin. Valuable uranium ores were produced on the eastern shores of Great Bear Lake (1933–61) and on the northern side of Lake Athabasca (1950–80) in northwestern Saskatchewan; and the richest uranium mines yet discovered in Canada began operation in the 1980s on the southeastern side of Lake Athabasca. Gold mines long were the resource base of the city of Yellowknife, though they had been replaced with diamond mines by the early 21st century. Lead and zinc mines on the southern side of Great Slave Lake were depleted by 1990; the size of these deposits had been large enough, however, to bring the first railroad into the Northwest Territories, which was built in the 1960s from the Peace River area to the town of Hay River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.017045974731445, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "Two of the large lakes of the Mackenzie basin are sources of lake trout and whitefish. Lake Athabasca was first exploited during the 1930s, and Great Slave Lake was opened to commercial fishing after 1945. In the latter lake, fish are caught in both summer and winter and transported south by truck or rail to urban markets in both Canada and the United States. The catch is controlled by seasonal quotas that prevent depletion of the species. The cold water of Great Bear Lake has some fish, but they grow too slowly to sustain anything but sport fishing. Fish of the Mackenzie River are netted by some local residents to supplement their imported food.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.37049561738967896, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River | river, Canada | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "In Canada�s Northwest Territories the Mackenzie River flows from Great Slave Lake, the 10th largest freshwater lake in the world, 1850km north through one of the largest wildernesses on earth -- the boreal forest and on to the Arctic Ocean. Paddling the Mackenzie, Canada�s longest river, is a trip of a lifetime. Paddling this river won�t take your July long weekend � it will take your summer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.775157451629639, "source": "search", "title": "Canada’s Northwest Territories Mackenzie River | Great ..." }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The Mackenzie River system, 4,241 km long, is the second largest in North America after the Mississippi River. The Mackenzie River runs northwest through the Northwest Territories , from Great Slave Lake to the Beaufort Sea . Its total drainage basin — 1.8 million km2 — is the largest of any river in Canada and its mean discharge of 9,700 m3/s is second only to that of the St Lawrence . The river's peak discharge occurs in June, but its flow is generally uniform because of the flat topography east of the river and the many large lakes in the system. The break-up of ice begins at the Liard River in late April, early May. The river is free of ice by early June and stays open until November.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.310135841369629, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River - The Canadian Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The main headwaters are the Peace and Athabasca rivers, while the main stem (1,738 km long) issues from the west arm of Great Slave Lake , near Fort Providence (Zhahti Koe). About 300 km further downstream, the Liard River reaches the south bank of the Mackenzie. Soon thereafter, near the North Nahanni River, the Mackenzie trends west–northwest through a rolling plain and deflects north past an escarpment of the Mackenzie Mountains, which lie parallel to the river.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.395119667053223, "source": "search", "title": "Mackenzie River - The Canadian Encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "The majority of rivers and lakes within the NWT are situated within the Mackenzie River watershed, Canada’s largest river basin.  Within the Mackenzie River watershed, the Slave River carries the largest quantity of water into the NWT and 77% of the water entering the Great Slave Lake. The Slave River flows into Great Slave Lake through the Slave River Delta , an area that is rich in wildlife, and both culturally and economically important to residents in nearby communities. Water flows into the lake through a series of channels, including four main channels: ResDelta, Old Steamboat Channel, Middle Channel and East Channel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.186525344848633, "source": "search", "title": "Where Does the Water Flow? | NWT Water Stewardship" }, { "answer": "Great Slave Lake", "passage": "In addition to the inflow provided by the Slave River, the Taltson, Lockhart and Hay Rivers together contribute approximately 11% of water entering Great Slave Lake, while the remaining 12% is provided by ten other smaller drainage areas. At 28,570 km2, Great Slave Lake is North America’s fifth largest lake and is the deepest at 614 m. The Mackenzie River is Canada’s longest river at 1802 km in length, and flows northwest from Great Slave Lake through the NWT to the Beaufort Sea. It is an important transportation corridor for the communities situated in the Mackenzie Valley. Great Bear Lake is the largest freshwater lake located entirely within Canada. Great Bear River originates from Great Bear Lake and flows into the Mackenzie River.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.568375587463379, "source": "search", "title": "Where Does the Water Flow? | NWT Water Stewardship" } ]

[ { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "During the Spanish–American War (1898), Marines led American forces ashore in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, demonstrating their readiness for deployment. At Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, the Marines seized an advanced naval base that remains in use today. Between 1899 and 1916, the Corps continued its record of vigorous participation in foreign expeditions, including the Philippine–American War, the Boxer Rebellion in China (1899–1901), Panama, the Cuban Pacifications, the Perdicaris Incident in Morocco, Veracruz, Santo Domingo, and the Banana Wars in Haiti and Nicaragua; the experiences gained in counter-insurgency and guerrilla operations during this period were consolidated into the Small Wars Manual. ", "precise_score": -1.4740500450134277, "rough_score": 3.5553600788116455, "source": "wiki", "title": "United States Marine Corps" }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "The president ordered the invasion of Veracruz on 23 April 1914. His decision followed a minor episode at nearby Tampico that revealed a U.S. admiral's readiness to fight, if nothing else. The pretext for the invasion was a so‐called German ship, the Ypiranga, destined for Veracruz and carrying supplies for the Mexican armed forces. Actually the Ypiranga was at least one‐half American‐owned. It had received clearance for its cargo from Wilson himself well in advance of its departure for Mexico. If U.S. authorities had wanted to stop the ship, it could have been boarded at sea. When Veracruz was seized, the Ypiranga discharged its cargo at Puerto Mexico.", "precise_score": 1.986587405204773, "rough_score": 3.674380302429199, "source": "search", "title": "United States Military Involvement Facts, information ..." }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "In 1914, the United States occupied the Mexican port of Veracruz for six months due to a misunderstanding between Mexican guard troops and some U.S. soldiers who had been sent to protect American citizens living there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.951888918876648, "source": "search", "title": "From the Halls of Montezuma - Just One Opinion" }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "In response to that misunderstanding, known as the “Tampico Affair,” President Woodrow Wilson ordered the U.S. Navy to occupy both the city and port of Veracruz. When Wilson received an alert that a German delivery of weapons to Mexican rebels was due to arrive there, he ordered the port’s customs office be seized and the weapons confiscated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.45039439201355, "source": "search", "title": "From the Halls of Montezuma - Just One Opinion" }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "Mexican Revolution, U.S. Military Involvement in the. Woodrow Wilson ordered two U.S. military interventions into Mexico during the Mexican Revolution. In the first, at Veracruz in 1914, the president sought to influence the conflict by controlling the flow of foreign military supplies to Mexico through its chief port. In the second, the 1916 Punitive Expedition headed by Gen. John J. Pershing , Wilson tried to eliminate the “problem” of Francisco “Pancho” Villa and satisfy public outrage in the United States against a Villista raid on Columbus, New Mexico .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.628024697303772, "source": "search", "title": "United States Military Involvement Facts, information ..." }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "At Veracruz, despite serious reservations, Wilson yielded to pressures for intervention from U.S. business interests, cabinet members, newspapers, and representatives of the Southwest. In January 1914, the president and his cabinet agreed to prepare the U.S. armed forces for an invasion of the Mexican port. Wilson ordered Secretary of War Lindley Garrison and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels to make the preparations, saying that it was “only a question of an opportune time and sufficient arrangements.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2451071739196777, "source": "search", "title": "United States Military Involvement Facts, information ..." }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "In reality, the president intended to depose the government of Gen. Victoriano Huerta by seizing and blockading Veracruz, the most important entrepôt for arms flowing to Mexico. By occupying the port city, Wilson could curtail the Mexican Army's access to military supplies and could dictate the flow of arms to the next government of Mexico. In Wilson's view, President Huerta had two major failings. First, the Mexican president could not maintain order and protect U.S. private and public interests—including the strategically important production of oil and rubber; and second, Huerta was a dictator who had imposed himself on the Mexican republic after murdering his democratically elected predecessor, Francisco Madero.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.398695945739746, "source": "search", "title": "United States Military Involvement Facts, information ..." }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "The U.S. attack on Veracruz turned into a tragedy when the Mexican civilian populace decided to resist. The recently upgraded guns of the U.S. warships took a terrible toll on the city. The Mexican casualty estimates vary so widely between the official U.S. figure and that of the cronista de la ciudad de Veracruz that accurate figures cannot be determined; but the U.S. forces lost nineteen dead and forty‐seven wounded. American troops stayed on after the fall of Huerta. During the summer of 1914, U.S. military officers worked with the constitutionalist faction among the Mexican revolutionary forces in Veracruz, establishing a joint administration of the customshouse and warehouse area. Between 19 and 23 November, as the first U.S. troops were leaving, U.S. officers supervised the unloading from five ships of military materials, which filled the warehouses and piers. In their last act the U.S. officers turned over the keys to the warehouses to the constitutionalist leaders two months later, the forces of Venustiano Carranza marched out of Veracruz to defeat the other revolutionary factions; they carried a wide array of U.S.‐supplied arms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.33688497543335, "source": "search", "title": "United States Military Involvement Facts, information ..." }, { "answer": "Veracruz", "passage": "U.S. interventions affected the welfare of the approximately 50,000 North Americans living in Mexico even more than those at home. In the wake of the Veracruz invasion, anti–North American riots broke out in diverse parts of Mexico. The U.S. government set up stations at New Orleans , Texas City, and San Diego for the handling of North American refugees, many of whom lost virtually everything they owned in Mexico.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.898859977722168, "source": "search", "title": "United States Military Involvement Facts, information ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Vice President Marshall", "passage": "In 1916, Wilson and Vice President Marshall were re-nominated by the Democrats. The Republicans chose Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Hughes (1862-1948) as their presidential candidate and Charles Fairbanks (1852-1918), the U.S. vice president under Theodore Roosevelt, as his running mate. Wilson, who campaigned on the slogan “He kept us out of war,” won with a narrow electoral margin of 277-254 and a little more than 49 percent of the popular vote.", "precise_score": 0.1488046944141388, "rough_score": -2.4950733184814453, "source": "search", "title": "Woodrow Wilson - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Thomas R. Marshall", "passage": "The convention deadlocked for over forty ballots—no candidate could reach the two-thirds vote required. The leading contender was House Speaker Champ Clark, a prominent progressive, strongest in the border states. Other less charismatic contenders were Governor Judson Harmon of Ohio, and Representative Oscar Underwood of Alabama. Publisher William Randolph Hearst, a leader of the left wing of the party, supported Clark. William Jennings Bryan, the nominee in 1896, 1900 and 1908, played a critical role in his declared opposition to any candidate supported by \"the financiers of Wall Street\". Indeed, on the tenth ballot New York's delegation went unanimously to Clark, and the battle lines were clearly drawn between the bosses and the rank and file delegates. Bryan then announced on the fourteenth ballot that his vote for Clark would be withheld due to the New York vote. Wilson's tally began to climb steadily, and he initially topped Clark's vote on the thirtieth ballot. Bryan announced for Wilson, who ultimately won the nomination on the 46th ballot. Wilson chose Indiana Governor Thomas R. Marshall as his running mate ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.365044593811035, "source": "wiki", "title": "Woodrow Wilson" }, { "answer": "Thomas R. Marshall", "passage": "For a month only his wife and his doctor were allowed to see him. Then, with his wife guiding his hand, he placed a wobbly signature on major bills. Only a strong will kept him alive. When Secretary of State Robert Lansing presumed to call Cabinet meetings, Wilson promptly dismissed him. He refused to let his vice-president, Thomas R. Marshall, take charge. In her memoirs Edith Wilson said that the president remained the active head of state, making decisions on the basis of digests that she had prepared.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.833930969238281, "source": "search", "title": "World War One Woodrow Wilson" } ]

[ { "answer": "French", "passage": "Jeanne Deckers (17 October 1933 – 29 March 1985), aka Jeannine Deckers, better known as Sœur Sourire (\"Sister Smile\", often credited as The Singing Nun in English-speaking countries), was a Belgian singer-songwriter and initially a member of the Dominican Order in Belgium as Sister Luc-Gabrielle. She acquired world fame in 1963 with the release of the French-language song \"Dominique\", which topped the U.S. Billboard and other charts.", "precise_score": 5.902508735656738, "rough_score": 6.010260581970215, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Singing Nun" }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "The French-language song “Dominique” was released in 1963 by the Belgian singer Jeanine Deckers, better known as “Soeur Sourire” or “The Singing Nun.” It reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Chart , where it stayed for four weeks, even outselling artists like Elvis Presley and the Beatles. The Singing Nun never repeated the international success she had with “Dominique,” and in 1985, when she was 51 years old, Deckers and her life partner Annie Pecher committed suicide by overdosing on barbiturates and alcohol.", "precise_score": 5.724905014038086, "rough_score": 7.43364143371582, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Songs That Topped US Charts But Weren't Performed ..." }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "A more unlikely pop star is hard to imagine: a shy, bespectacled Belgian nun in full Dominican habit wearing cloddy but practical shoes. Yet Jeanine Deckers, known to the world as the Singing Nun, was the sensation of late 1963. Twenty-nine years ago this week, she held No. 1 on the pop charts, outselling Motown, Elvis, and surf music with ”Dominique,” her folksy tribute to the founder of her order, St. Dominic. With its lilting, repetitive chorus (”Dominique-a-nique-a-nique ”), her French-language song provided an upbeat antidote to a world rocked by the recent assassination of John F. Kennedy. Teens and adults around the globe bought more than a million copies of the single and of her Singing Nun album, which also held a top spot on the U.S. charts that December.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.292140007019043, "source": "search", "title": "The Singing Nun | EW.com" }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "Honorable Mention #3: “Michelle” by The Beatles – The Fab Four have made several songs that are hard to follow. “I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together. See how they run like pigs from a gun, see how they fly. I’m crying.”  Yeah, I’m crying too.  Of course, the confusion in this Beatles classic was due to its French hook, not its LSD induced imagery.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004674911499023, "source": "search", "title": "Speaking in Tongues: Top 10 Foreign Language Songs | The ..." }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "This catchy, French-language, punk-pop song was released by the Belgian singer Plastic Bertrand in 1977. It reached No. 47 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Chart .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.351768970489502, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Songs That Topped US Charts But Weren't Performed ..." }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "After the song’s success, Mocedades recorded versions in English, German, French, Italian, and Basque. The song has also been covered hundreds of times and by several well-known musicians, including Bing Crosby, Charo, and Perry Como.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.868812561035156, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Songs That Topped US Charts But Weren't Performed ..." }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "Enigma’s 1990 dance-pop hit “Sadness (Part I)” features Gregorian, choir-like vocals sung in French and Latin—because, of course, there’s nothing like brushing up on your high school Latin skills while you’re at the club. The song reached No. 5 on the US Billboard Hot 100 Chart and No. 1 on the Hot Dance Club Play Chart . The song was very popular outside of the US, too, reaching No. 1 in a whopping 24 countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.050324440002441, "source": "search", "title": "10 Great Songs That Topped US Charts But Weren't Performed ..." }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "\"SADENESS (PART I)\", Enigma. Peak position: #5 (2 weeks), April 1991. As unlikely as a foreign language hit is, having one recorded in Latin is even more unlikely. Yet behold the ambient techno track that gave us the term \"world beat\". Made by a German and sampling Gregorian monks, a Japanese flute, and a sexy woman whispering in French. How global!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.783952713012695, "source": "search", "title": "The Nine Biggest U.S. Pop Hits in Foreign Languages ..." }, { "answer": "French", "passage": "\"DOMINIQUE\", the Singing Nun (a.k.a. Jeanine Deckers). Peak position: #1 (4 weeks), December 1963. This Belgian nun may remain history's most unexpected pop star. Because of her vows, she obviously did not get rich off of her sing-songy French-language folk tune. Her career quickly faded even as her life took twists and turns, from leaving the convent to becoming an advocate for the Pill to being in a long-term lesbian relationship to committing suicide in 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.058959007263184, "source": "search", "title": "The Nine Biggest U.S. Pop Hits in Foreign Languages ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Blue (1971) is the fourth album of Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell. Exploring the various facets of relationships from infatuation on \"A Case of You\" to insecurity on \"This Flight Tonight\", the songs feature simple accompaniments on piano, guitar and Appalachian dulcimer. Blue was a critical and commercial success, reaching #15 on the Billboard 200 and #3 in the UK Albums Chart. The single \"Carey\" reached #93 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.", "precise_score": 3.079087257385254, "rough_score": 4.340760231018066, "source": "wiki", "title": "Blue (Joni Mitchell album)" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Court and Spark is a 1974 album by Canadian singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell. It was an immediate commercial and critical success—and remains her most successful album. Released in January 1974, it was Mitchell's sixth studio album; it infuses her folk-rock style, which she developed throughout her previous five albums, with jazz inflections.", "precise_score": 8.304326057434082, "rough_score": 7.544538974761963, "source": "wiki", "title": "Court and Spark" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell reached her commercial high point with Court and Spark , a remarkably deft fusion of folk, pop, and jazz which stands as her best-selling work to date. While as unified and insightful as Blue , the album -- a concept record exploring the roles of honesty and trust in relationships, romantic and otherwise -- moves away from confessional songwriting into evocative character studies: the hit \"Free Man in Paris,\" written about David Geffen , is a not-so-subtle dig at the machinations of the music industry, while \"Raised on Robbery\" offers an acutely funny look at the predatory environment of the singles bar scene. Much of Court and Spark is devoted to wary love songs: both the title cut and \"Help Me,\" the record's most successful single, carefully measure the risks of romance, while \"People's Parties\" and \"The Same Situation\" are fraught with worry and self-doubt (standing in direct opposition to the music, which is smart, smooth, and assured from the first note to the last).", "precise_score": 6.883334159851074, "rough_score": 7.185652256011963, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark - Joni Mitchell | Songs, Reviews, Credits ..." }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell reached her commercial high point with Court and Spark, a remarkably deft fusion of folk, pop, and jazz which stands as her best-selling work to date. While as unified and insightful as Blue, the album – a concept record exploring the roles of honesty and trust in relationships, romantic and otherwise – moves away from confessional songwriting into evocative character studies: the hit \"Free Man in Paris,\" written about David Geffen, is a not-so-subtle dig at the… read more", "precise_score": 7.238052845001221, "rough_score": 8.013224601745605, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark - Joni Mitchell — Listen and discover ..." }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album", "precise_score": 7.067503929138184, "rough_score": 6.878477096557617, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Court and Spark album for sale by Joni Mitchell was released Oct 25, 1990 on the Elektra (Label) label. All songs written by Joni Mitchell except \"Twisted\" (Ross/Grey). Court and Spark CD music contains a single disc with 11 songs.", "precise_score": 7.704885005950928, "rough_score": 8.177810668945312, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark Album Track Listing", "precise_score": 6.627890586853027, "rough_score": 6.9583258628845215, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Between her two undisputed classics ‘Blue’ and ‘Court and Spark,’ Mitchell released ‘For the Roses,’ which, in its way, is the quintessential Joni Mitchell album, despite its shortcomings. The record’s lead single stems from a meeting with record-company executives, who asked the commercially averse artist to write a hit single. Even though it’s delivered with tongue firmly in cheek, ‘You Turn Me On, I’m a Radio’ ended up in the Top 30, one of the few on our list of the Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs to chart that high.", "precise_score": 6.010385513305664, "rough_score": 8.506391525268555, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "*Joni Mitchell – Appalachian dulcimer, guitar, piano, vocals", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.654275894165039, "source": "wiki", "title": "Blue (Joni Mitchell album)" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "| \"Down to You\" (arranger: Joni Mitchell and Tom Scott) || Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) || ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.6021089553833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Court and Spark" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "*Joni Mitchell – vocals, including background; acoustic guitar; piano; clavinet on \"Down to You\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.322986602783203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Court and Spark" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "*Joni Mitchell and Henry Lewy - producers", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19527530670166, "source": "wiki", "title": "Court and Spark" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8137657642364502, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Piano - Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.102428436279297, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Clavinet (on Down To You) - Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.330647468566895, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Background voices - Joni Mitchell, David Crosby and Graham Nash (on Free Man In Paris), Susan Webb and David Crosby (on Down To You), Cheech and Chong (on Twisted)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.69722843170166, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "The strings on the 'Same Situation' were arranged by Tom Scott; 'Down To You\" arranged by Joni Mitchell and Tom Scott; 'Car On A Hill' arranged by Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.392562866210938, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "All songs composed by Joni Mitchell, © 1973 Crazy Crow Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission. Except 'Twisted,' written by Ross and Grey, © 1965 Prestige Music/BMI. All rights reserved. Used by permission", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.173407554626465, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Cover Painting - Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351922988891602, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark - Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7236983180046082, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Court and Spark sits halfway between Joni Mitchell’s folkie past and her jazz-rock future. Yet the album is no mere transitional affair—not by a long shot. On “Help Me” and “Just Like This Train,” she displays a master’s touch, weaving romantic insecurities into arrangements that, decades later, haven’t surrendered their sophistication. The versatile singer/songwriter also finds the time to cut loose, which she does in typically elegant fashion on the wah-wah rocker “Raised on Robbery.” Try not listening to this album a dozen times in a row.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6828508973121643, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "No female artist better typified the singer/songwriter movement of the '70s than Joni Mitchell, though her public image as the serious, sensitive woman with a guitar shortchanged her abilities, ambitions, and accomplishments. Mitchell's gift for writing personal, folk-inspired songs about the thorny side of life and love was inarguable (particularly on albums like 1970's Ladies of the Canyon and 1971's Blue), but Mitchell also brought the same smarts and eloquence to glossy pop on her commercial...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.645384788513184, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Top Albums and Songs by Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.162425994873047, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark by Joni Mitchell on Apple Music" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Court and Spark - Joni Mitchell | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.718287229537964, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark - Joni Mitchell | Songs, Reviews, Credits ..." }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Court and Spark - Joni Mitchell — Listen and discover music at Last.fm", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0334796905517578, "source": "search", "title": "Court and Spark - Joni Mitchell — Listen and discover ..." }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.145698547363281, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Composer: Joni Mitchell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.875764846801758, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "COURT AND SPARK completed Joni Mitchell's transition from folk-singer to sophisticated rock auteur. In addition to her meticulously crafted melodies and evocative, image-rich lyrics, the songs here are breezy and immediately appealing. This is in part due to Tom Scott's L.A. Express, a sinuous jazz-based combo, but also to Mitchell's knack for pop hooks, which abound on COURT AND SPARK.   ... See Full Description", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.6420964598655701, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Just one of many Joni Mitchell masterpieces, but this one was special as her voice, music and lyrics just all came together to give the world one of the finest collections of songs in the pop/rock era.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.443885803222656, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "If you want to start to build up a Joni Mitchell CD collection, maybe this is the place to begin.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.442463874816895, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell - Court and Spark CD Album" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell on Apple Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.052878379821777, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell on Apple Music - iTunes" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "No female artist better typified the singer/songwriter movement of the '70s than Joni Mitchell, though her public image as the serious, sensitive woman with a guitar shortchanged her abilities, ambitions, and accomplishments. Mitchell's gift for writing personal, folk-inspired songs about the thorny side of life and love was inarguable (particularly on albums like 1970's Ladies of the Canyon and 1971's Blue), but Mitchell also brought the same smarts and eloquence to glossy pop on her commercial breakthrough, 1974's Court & Spark, and she was incorporating jazz and world music into her work long before either was fashionable in American pop music (and she also collaborated with respected jazz artists such as Charles Mingus, Pat Metheny, and Jaco Pastorius, something none of her peers accomplished). At her best, Mitchell was one of the finest and most adventurous artists of her generation, and a key inspiration to many women in music as a talent who refused to be hemmed in by boundaries of genre or gender. Born Roberta Joan Anderson in Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada, on November 7, 1943, she was stricken with polio at the age of nine; while recovering in a children's hospital, she began her performing career by singing to the other patients. After later teaching herself to play guitar with the aid of a Pete Seeger instruction book, she went off to art college, and became a fixture on the folk music scene around Alberta. After relocating to Toronto, she married folksinger Chuck Mitchell in 1965, and began performing under the name Joni Mitchell. A year later the couple moved to Detroit, Michigan, but separated soon after; Joni remained in the Motor City, however, and won significant press acclaim for her burgeoning songwriting skills and smoky, distinctive vocals, leading to a string of high-profile performances in New York City. There she became a cause célèbre among the media and other performers; after she signed to Reprise in 1967, David Crosby offered to produce her debut record, a self-titled acoustic effort that appeared the following year. Her songs also found great success with other singers: in 1968, Judy Collins scored a major hit with the Mitchell-penned \"Both Sides Now,\" while Fairport Convention covered \"Eastern Rain\" and Tom Rush recorded \"The Circle Game.\" Thanks to all of the outside exposure, Mitchell began to earn a strong cult following; her 1969 sophomore effort, Clouds, reached the Top 40, while 1970's Ladies of the Canyon sold even better on the strength of the single \"Big Yellow Taxi.\" It also included her anthemic composition \"Woodstock,\" a major hit for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. Still, the commercial and critical approval awarded her landmark 1971 record Blue was unprecedented: a luminous, starkly confessional set written primarily during a European vacation, the album firmly established Mitchell as one of pop music's most remarkable and insightful talents. Predictably, she turned away from Blue's incandescent folk with 1972's For the Roses, the first of the many major stylistic turns she would take over the course of her daring career. Backed by rock-jazz performer Tom Scott, Mitchell's music began moving into more pop-oriented territory, a change typified by the single \"You Turn Me On (I'm a Radio),\" her first significant hit. The follow-up, 1974's classic Court and Spark, was her most commercially successful outing: a sparkling, jazz-accented set, it reached the number two spot on the U.S. album charts and launched three hit singles -- \"Help Me,\" \"Free Man in Paris,\" and \"Raised on Robbery.\" After the 1974 live collection Miles of Aisles, Mitchell emerged in 1975 with The Hissing of Summer Lawns, a bold, almost avant-garde record that housed her increasingly complex songs in experimental, jazz-inspired settings; \"The Jungle Line\" introduced the rhythms of African Burundi drums, placing her far ahead of the pop world's mid-'80s fascination with world music. 1976's Hejira, recorded with Weather Report bassist Jaco Pastorius, smoothed out the music's more difficult edges while employing minimalist techniques; Mitchell later performed the album's first single, \"Coyote,\" at the Band's Last Waltz concert that Thanksgiving. Her next effort, 1977's two-record set Don Juan's Reckless Daughter, was another ambitious move, a collection of long, largely improvisational pieces recorded with jazz players Larry Carlton and Wayne Shorter, Chaka Khan, and a battery of Latin percussionists. Shortly after the record's release, Mitchell was contacted by the legendary jazz bassist Charles Mingus, who invited her to work with him on a musical interpretation of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets. Mingus, who was suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, sketched out a series of melodies to which Mitchell added lyrics; however, Mingus died on January 5, 1979, before the record was completed. After Mitchell finished their collaboration on her own, she recorded the songs under the title Mingus, which was released the summer after the jazz titan's passing. Following her second live collection, 1980's Shadows and Light, Mitchell returned to pop territory for 1982's Wild Things Run Fast; the first single, a cover of the Elvis Presley hit \"(You're So Square) Baby I Don't Care,\" became her first chart single in eight years. Shortly after the album's release, she married bassist/sound engineer Larry Klein, who became a frequent collaborator on much of her subsequent material, including 1985's synth-driven Dog Eat Dog, co-produced by Thomas Dolby. Mitchell's move into electronics continued with 1988's Chalk Mark in a Rain Storm, featuring guests Peter Gabriel, Willie Nelson, Tom Petty, and Billy Idol. Mitchell returned to her roots with 1991's Night Ride Home, a spare, stripped-down collection spotlighting little more than her voice and acoustic guitar. Prior to recording 1994's Turbulent Indigo, she and Klein separated, although he still co-produced the record, which was her most acclaimed work in years. In 1996, she compiled a pair of anthologies, Hits and Misses, which collected her chart successes as well as underappreciated favorites. A new studio album, Taming the Tiger, followed in 1998. Both Sides Now, a collection of standards, followed in early 2000. Two years later, Mitchell resurfaced with the double-disc release Travelogue. She announced in October 2002 that this would be her last album ever, for she'd grown tired of the industry. She told W magazine that she intended to retire. She also claimed she would never sign another corporate label deal, and in Rolling Stone blasted the recording industry for being \"a cesspool.\" By the time Travelogue appeared a month later, Mitchell had simmered down and her plans to call it quits had been axed. Numerous compilations and remasters appeared between 2002 and 2006, culminating in the release of the independent Shine in 2007. In 2014, Mitchell helped compile her first box set anthology, Love Has Many Faces: A Quartet, A Ballet, Waiting to Be Danced, which featured remastered versions of 53 songs from her back catalog, all dealing with some aspect of love and relationships. ~ Jason Ankeny", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.901686191558838, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell on Apple Music - iTunes" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0516996383667, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.0516996383667, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Before Joni Mitchell , singer-songwriters wrote generally about love, politics and the end of the world at the hands of maniacal world leaders who maybe had access to nuclear weapons. After Joni Mitchell, they wrote about themselves — their loves, their lives, how the egg salad sandwich they ate at lunch could affect the rest of their week. At the peak of her commercial and creative success, she turned away from the acoustic guitar-based confessionals she was best known for and toward more jazzy and sophisticated songs and arrangements. Some great work surfaced during this later period, but the bulk of material that makes up our Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs comes from the half-dozen or so years in the late ’60s and early-to-mid ’70s where she helped forge the singer-songwriter genre as we know it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.581282615661621, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Joni Mitchell Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell | New Music And Songs |", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.679362297058105, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.145698547363281, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "About Joni Mitchell", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.18626880645752, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "No female artist better typified the singer/songwriter movement of the '70s than Joni Mitchell, though her public image as the serious, sensitive woman with a guitar shortchanged her abilities, ambitions, and accomplishments. Mitchell's gift for writing personal, folk-inspired songs about the thorny side of life and love was inarguable (particularly on albums like 1970's Ladies of the Canyon and 1971's Blue), but Mitchell also brought the same smarts and eloquence to glossy pop on her commercial breakthrough, 1974's Court & Spark, and she was incorporating jazz and world music into her work long before either was fashionable in American pop music (and she also collaborated with respected jazz artists such as Charles Mingus, Pat Metheny, and Jaco Pastorius, something none of her peers accomplished). At her best, Mitchell was one of the finest and most adventurous artists of her generation, and a key inspiration to many women in music as a talent who refused to be hemmed in by boundaries of genre or gender.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.48501646518707275, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell | New Music And Songs | MTV" }, { "answer": "Joni Mitchell", "passage": "Born Roberta Joan Anderson in Fort McLeod, Alberta, Canada, on November 7, 1943, she was stricken with polio at the age of nine; while recovering in a children's hospital, she began her performing career by singing to the other patients. After later teaching herself to play guitar with the aid of a Pete Seeger instruction book, she went off to art college, and became a fixture on the folk music scene around Alberta. After relocating to Toronto, she married folksinger Chuck Mitchell in 1965, and began performing under the name Joni Mitchell.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.023311614990234, "source": "search", "title": "Joni Mitchell | New Music And Songs | MTV" } ]

[ { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Hale supervised the building of the telescopes at the Mount Wilson Observatory with grants from the Carnegie Institution of Washington: the 60 in telescope in 1908 and the 100 in telescope in 1917. These telescopes were very successful, leading to the rapid advance in understanding of the scale of the Universe through the 1920s, and demonstrating to visionaries like Hale the need for even larger collectors.", "precise_score": -4.760634899139404, "rough_score": -2.7785913944244385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hale Telescope" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "The Palomar Hale had four times the light collecting area of the next largest scope when it was commissioned in 1949. Other contemporary telescopes were the Hooker Telescope at the Mount Wilson Observatory and the Otto Struve Telescope at the McDonald Observatory.", "precise_score": 3.9278109073638916, "rough_score": 7.035083770751953, "source": "wiki", "title": "Hale Telescope" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "The observatory also emphasizes public education, and offers public access to its 60-inch telescope. \"The 60-inch is the largest telescope in the world devoted entirely to public viewing of astronomical objects. Its large light collecting mirror and the exquisite skies over Mount Wilson provide an unrivaled and unique experience,\" the observatory stated on its website.", "precise_score": 0.29838451743125916, "rough_score": -0.4549753963947296, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232463836669922, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232463836669922, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Scenic view of the 60-inch and 100-inch Telescope Domes of the Mount Wilson Observatory and the northern range of the San Gabriel Mountains taken from the top of the 60-Foot Solar Tower. The Venus transit of 2012 occurred on June 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.79218864440918, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Credit: Mount Wilson Observatory/ USC Dornsife", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.118084907531738, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Mount Wilson Observatory is a Los Angeles-area facility with several telescopes open to astronomers and the public. Located on a mountaintop at an altitude of more than 5,000 feet (1,524 meters), the observatory has been a useful location over the decades for measurements on stars, galaxies and other astronomical objects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.359220027923584, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Mount Wilson Observatory was founded in 1904 by George Ellery Hale, a pioneer in the field of  astrophysics  who studied chemical and physical processes in stars,  according to the observatory's website . Hale began work on the mountaintop with the Snow Solar Telescope, which was moved to Mount Wilson from the Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin (where Hale used to work). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.892940521240234, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Soon, Hale had bigger ambitions: he wanted a larger telescope at the facility. His father had purchased a 60-inch mirror while Hale was Yerkes' director. At Mount Wilson, Hale poured his energy and time into obtaining funding to bring the mirror to the new facility. With financial help from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the 60-inch telescope saw first light in 1908. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.114130973815918, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Mount Wilson's 100-inch telescope set the stage for our understanding of cosmic distances to galaxies. Edwin Hubble was using the facility in the 1920s when he discovered something interesting in photographic plates of Andromeda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.050471305847168, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "Mount Wilson took part in an experiment to accurately measure the speed of light. It was performed by Albert Michelson, who had previously won a Nobel Prize in 1907 for some of his first work on the experiment. Michelson continued to tinker with the measurements, which included a 1924-26 set of work at Mount Wilson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949487686157227, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "\"Mount Wilson served as the launch site for a brilliant beam of light that shone across the San Gabriels, bounced from a return mirror located on a side ridge of Mount San Antonio, and re-traversed the 22 miles separating the two mountains,\" the observatory stated. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82624626159668, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mt. Wilson", "passage": "The tables began to turn after higher humidity and falling temperatures made the fire less potent. \"We're pretty confident,\" Los Angeles County Fire Inspector Edward Osorio told the L.A. Times in a quote republished by Space.com on Sept. 30, 2009. \"Mt. Wilson is going to be OK.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45564079284668, "source": "search", "title": "Mount Wilson Observatory: Facts & Discoveries - Space.com" }, { "answer": "Mount Wilson", "passage": "The creation of the largest single piece of glass ever made was entrusted by Hale in 1929 to Corning Glass Works using their signature Pyrex®, a special glass designed to resist heat expansion. George V. McCauley, a Corning physicist and engineer, set about achieving what engineers at other companies had failed to do: casting a 200-inch mirror blank. The largest mirror at that time, which was installed in the Hooker Telescope at Mount Wilson, CA, measured 100 inches.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.338482856750488, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibit Documents Creation of Groundbreaking 200-inch Disk ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden (often called MSG or simply The Garden) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. It is the fourth venue to bear the name \"Madison Square Garden\", the first two (1879 and 1890) of which were located on Madison Square, on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue, with the third Madison Square Garden further uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street. The Garden is used for professional basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports and entertainment. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown, and Macy's at Herald Square. It is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. ", "precise_score": 1.4594722986221313, "rough_score": -3.105842351913452, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, so it was demolished after 11 years. Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum,, pp. 330–333 Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. White gave them a Beaux-Arts structure with a Moorish feel, including a minaret-like tower modeled after Giralda, the bell tower of the Cathedral of Seville – soaring 32 stories – the city's second tallest building at the time – dominating Madison Square Park. It was 200 ft by 485 ft, and the main hall, which was the largest in the world, measured 200 ft by 350 ft, with permanent seating for 8,000 people and floor space for thousands more. It had a 1,200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. The building cost $3 million. Madison Square Garden II was unsuccessful like the first Garden, and the New York Life Insurance Company, which held the mortgage on it, decided to tear it down in 1925 to make way for a new headquarters building, which would become the landmark Cass Gilbert-designed New York Life Building.", "precise_score": 0.10226581245660782, "rough_score": -0.6333153247833252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968. Groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9, 1925.[http://hockey.ballparks.com/NHL/NewYorkRangers/3rdoldindex.htm \"Madison Square Garden III\"] on Ballparks.com Designed by the noted theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard; the arena was dubbed \"The House That Tex Built.\" The arena was 200 ft by 375 ft, with seating on three levels, and a maximum capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden. It finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located.", "precise_score": -0.25966110825538635, "rough_score": 1.0512150526046753, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Madison Square Garden's $1 billion second renovation took place mainly over three offseasons. It was set to begin after the 2009–10 hockey/basketball seasons, but was delayed until after the 2010–11 seasons. Renovation was done in phases with the majority of the work done in the summer months to minimize disruptions to the NHL and NBA seasons. While the Rangers and Knicks were not displaced, the Liberty played their home games through the 2013 season at Prudential Center in Newark, New Jersey during the renovation. ", "precise_score": -2.7440383434295654, "rough_score": -2.3732314109802246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden is seen as an obstacle in the renovation and future expansion of Penn Station, which is already expanding through the James Farley Post Office, and some have proposed moving MSG to other sites in western Manhattan. On February 15, 2013, Manhattan Community Board 5 voted 36–0 against granting a renewal to MSG's operating permit in perpetuity and proposed a 10-year limit instead in order to build a new Penn Station where the arena is currently standing. Manhattan borough president Scott Stringer said, \"Moving the arena is an important first step to improving Penn Station.\" The Madison Square Garden Company responded by saying that \"[i]t is incongruous to think that M.S.G. would be considering moving.\" ", "precise_score": -2.995302200317383, "rough_score": 1.6303985118865967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Madison Square Garden hosts approximately 320 events a year. It is the home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and the New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association. The New York Rangers, New York Knicks, New York Liberty, and the Madison Square Garden arena itself are all owned by the Madison Square Garden Company. The arena is also host to the Big East Men's Basketball Conference Tournament and the finals of the National Invitation Tournament. Other regular events at the arena include the Cirque du Soleil when it comes to New York City (although the Prudential Center (and formerly the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum) also hosts the circus each year), selected home games for the St. John's men's Red Storm (college basketball), the annual pre- and postseason NIT tournaments, the Millrose Games track and field meet, and almost any other kind of indoor activity that draws large audiences, such as the Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show and the 2004 Republican National Convention. The Garden is the former home of the NBA Draft and the former New York City home of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus and Disney on Ice; all three events are now held at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn.", "precise_score": -0.4349674880504608, "rough_score": -2.5163676738739014, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Madison Square Garden has undergone major renovations — or a “transformation,” to use their preferred word — over each of the past three summers. The finished product will be unveiled to the public tomorrow night, when the Knicks take on the Bobcats in a preseason game, but officials showed off the building’s new look earlier today.", "precise_score": -2.28674054145813, "rough_score": -1.3460378646850586, "source": "search", "title": "newly-renovated Madison Square Garden. - NYMag" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Oct. 3rd, 1979, Madison Square Garden", "precise_score": -2.949435234069824, "rough_score": 4.886697769165039, "source": "search", "title": "Madison Square Garden Mass - Pope Francis Visit 2015" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "June 30th, 2015 Update: The Vatican has revealed that the Madison Square Garden event will be a Mass.", "precise_score": -5.1859331130981445, "rough_score": -1.7891186475753784, "source": "search", "title": "Madison Square Garden Mass - Pope Francis Visit 2015" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "If you have any questions about this pass or about service animals or any other type of assistance animals, you can contact Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services Department at 212-465-6034, any weekday between 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. for more information.", "precise_score": -7.830965995788574, "rough_score": -3.311685085296631, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "If you are an individual seeking to bring an emotional support animal, you must contact Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services Department to apply for a photo ID for your animal at least 48 hours before the scheduled event. Please click here to request your Animal Access Card or call the Disabled Services Department at 212-465-6034, any weekday between 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. for more information.", "precise_score": -6.724442958831787, "rough_score": -0.8169666528701782, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden provides disabled accommodations and sells tickets to disabled individuals through our Disabled Services department, which may be reached at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "precise_score": -5.89219331741333, "rough_score": 0.7510231137275696, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "There are no refunds or exchanges on tickets purchased for events at Madison Square Garden. On rare occasions, such as hospitalization or illness of the disabled guest, tickets may be exchanged or refunded. If you are unable to attend an event due to extenuating circumstances, please contact the Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services Department at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. prior to the event taking place, to determine what options may be available.", "precise_score": -4.905038356781006, "rough_score": 3.401796817779541, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "All seating relocations are subject to availability. For additional information please contact the Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "precise_score": -6.1624836921691895, "rough_score": -2.758046865463257, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*For wheelchair accessibility, please enter Madison Square Garden through the Main Entrance located on 7th Avenue between 31st and 33rd Streets. There are ramps on both sides of the steps. Proceed through the Breezeway and take one of the two wheelchair lifts to the Chase Square level. Please be aware that individuals who utilize mobility aids (wheelchair, walker, cane, crutches, etc…) and have tickets in their possession, may use the 8 Penn entrance located on 33rd Street and 8th Avenue for their convenience. Please click here for more information on Disabled Services.", "precise_score": -5.213845729827881, "rough_score": -2.4422624111175537, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "If you have any questions about this pass or about service animals or any other type of assistance animals, you can contact Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services Department at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "precise_score": -8.083708763122559, "rough_score": -3.14333438873291, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden is pleased to provide signed performances for the deaf and hard of hearing upon request.  We will make every effort to accommodate each request with appropriate advance notice.  Please contact the Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services Department at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "precise_score": -7.057863235473633, "rough_score": 3.2753584384918213, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "To learn more about advertising opportunities at Madison Square Garden, please contact our Advertising Sales department at 212-465-6321.", "precise_score": -5.820146560668945, "rough_score": -1.4872725009918213, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden provides disabled accommodations and sells tickets to disabled individuals through our Disabled Services department, which may be reached at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "precise_score": -5.89219331741333, "rough_score": 0.7510231137275696, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden announced today that legendary music icon Billy Joel will become the first-ever music franchise of “The World’s Most Famous Arena.” Joining the ranks of The Garden’s other original franchises – including the New York Knicks, Rangers and Liberty – Billy Joel will kick off this franchise at The Garden performing a show a month, as long as there is demand, starting January 27, 2014. The first four previously announced shows -- January 27, February 3, March 21, April 18 are sold out. The just announced May 9 show, which is also Billy’s 65th birthday, will be available to Citi cardmembers during an exclusive presale from December 4th at 10am (EST) through December 6th at 10pm (EST). Tickets will then be available for purchase by the general public beginning at 10am (EST) on Saturday, December 7th. ", "precise_score": -3.1136510372161865, "rough_score": -2.6209206581115723, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Over its 130-year history, Madison Square Garden has become known as the preeminent venue for legendary artists and athletes. Billy Joel’s first concert at The Garden was held on December 14, 1978 and, since then, he has performed an astounding 46 concerts at the Arena. In 2006, with 12-consecutive performances, Billy Joel broke the Garden’s record for “Longest Run of a Single Artist.” To commemorate this historical moment, a banner featuring “Joel – 12” was raised to The Garden rafters, and now hangs alongside other Garden legends such as Mark Messier, Rod Gilbert, Walt “Clyde” Frazier, Bill Bradley and Willis Reed. ", "precise_score": -0.48128557205200195, "rough_score": -2.2112669944763184, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.430238723754883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "2011–2013 renovation", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55295467376709, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Construction of the lower bowl (Phase 1) was completed for the 2011–2012 NHL season and the 2011–12 NBA lockout shortened season. An extended off-season for the Garden permitted some advanced work to begin on the new upper bowl, which was completed in time for the 2012–2013 NBA season and the 2012–13 NHL lockout-shortened NHL season. This advance work included the West Balcony on the 10th floor, taking the place of sky-boxes, and new end-ice 300 level seating. The construction of the upper bowl along with the Madison Suites and the Madison Club (Phase 2) were completed for the 2012–2013 NHL and NBA seasons. The construction of the new lobby known as Chase Square, along with the Chase Bridges and the new scoreboard (Phase 3) were completed for the 2013–2014 NHL and NBA seasons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.253634452819824, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In May 2013, four architecture firms – SHoP Architects, SOM, H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro – submitted proposals for a new Penn Station. SHoP Architects recommended moving Madison Square Garden to the Morgan Postal Facility a few blocks southwest, as well as removing 2 Penn Plaza and redeveloping other towers, and an extension of the High Line to Penn Station. Meanwhile, SOM proposed moving Madison Square Garden to the area just south of the James Farley Post Office, and redeveloping the area above Penn Station as a mixed-use development with commercial, residential, and recreational space. H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture wanted to move the arena to a new pier west of Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, four blocks west of the current station/arena. Then, according to H3's plan, four skyscrapers at each of the four corners of the new Penn Station superblock, with a roof garden on top of the station; the Farley Post Office would become an education center. Finally, Diller Scofidio + Renfro proposed a mixed-use development on the site, with spas, theaters, a cascading park, a pool, and restaurants; Madison Square Garden would be moved two blocks west, next to the post office. DS+F also proposed high-tech features in the station, such as train arrival and departure boards on the floor, and apps that would inform waiting passengers of ways to occupy their time until they board their trains. Madison Square Garden rejected the notion that it would be relocated, and called the plans \"pie-in-the-sky\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.621551990509033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In June 2013, the New York City Council Committee on Land Use voted unanimously to give the Garden a ten-year permit, at the end of which period the owners will either have to relocate, or go back through the permission process. On July 24, the City Council voted to give the Garden a 10-year operating permit by a vote of 47 to 1. \"This is the first step in finding a new home for Madison Square Garden and building a new Penn Station that is as great as New York and suitable for the 21st century\", said City Council speaker Christine Quinn. \"This is an opportunity to reimagine and redevelop Penn Station as a world-class transportation destination.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7194302082061768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden hosts more high-profile concert events than any other venue in New York City. It has been the venue for George Harrison's The Concert for Bangladesh, The Concert for New York City following the September 11 attacks, John Lennon's final concert appearance (during an Elton John concert on Thanksgiving Night, 1974) before his murder in 1980, and Elvis Presley, who gave four sold out performances in 1972, his first and last ever in New York City. Led Zeppelin's 3 night stand in July 1973 was recorded and released as both a film and album titled The Song Remains The Same. The Police played their final show of their reunion tour at the Garden in 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.331180572509766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madonna performed at this venue a total of 31 concerts, the first two being during her 1985 Virgin Tour, on June 10 and 11, and the most recent being the two-nights stay during her Rebel Heart Tour on September 16 and 17, 2015.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.460166931152344, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "U2 performed at the arena 25 times: the first one was on April 1, 1985 during their Unforgettable Fire Tour, in front of a crowd of 19,000 people. The second and the third were on September 28 and 29, 1987 during their Joshua Tree Tour, in front of 39,510 people. The fourth was on March 20, 1992 during their Zoo TV Tour, in front of a crowd of 18,179 people. The fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth was on June 17 and 19 and October 24, 25 and 27, 2001 during their Elevation Tour, in front of 91,787 people. The 10th, the 11th, the 12th, the 13th, the 14th, the 15th, the 16th and the 17th were on May 21, October 7, 8, 10, 11 and 14 and November 21 and 22, 2005 during their Vertigo Tour, in front of a total sold out crowd of 149,004 people. The band performed their following eight performances at the arena on July 18, 19, 22, 23, 26, 27, 30 and 31, 2015 as part of their hugely successful Innocence + Experience Tour. The performance of \"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For\" from the second 1987 show was recorded for the group's studio-live album Rattle and Hum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11853313446045, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "It has previously hosted the 1976 Democratic National Convention, 1980 Democratic National Convention and the 1992 Democratic National Convention, and hosted the NFL Draft for many years (now held at Garden-leased Radio City Music Hall). In 1982 the Church of God in Christ in New York under the leadership of Bishop F.D. Washington used Madison Square Garden for its Annual Holy Convocation. In 2007, over 13,000 fans enjoyed the National Lacrosse League's New York Titans inaugural home opener at Madison Square Garden. In 2008, the Titans played five home games at the Garden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.681414842605591, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The arena is also used for other special events, including tennis and circus events. The New York Police Academy, Baruch College/CUNY and Yeshiva University also hold their annual graduation ceremonies at Madison Square Garden. It hosted the Grammy Awards in 1972, 1997 and 2003 (which are normally held in Los Angeles) as well as the Latin Grammy Awards of 2006. The Garden also hosted the 2005 Country Music Association Awards (normally held in Nashville, Tennessee). The Big East Conference men's basketball tournament has been held at MSG every year since 1983, currently the longest period a conference tournament has been held at a single location. The Professional Bull Riders has made annual stops since 2007 when its inaugural Built Ford Tough Series event was won by J. B. Mauney.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.493004322052002, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "* NHL All-Star Game: 1973, 1994", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.595547676086426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "* WNBA All-Star Game: 1999, 2003, 2006", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.584918975830078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Seating in Madison Square Garden was initially arranged in six ascending levels, each with its own color. The first level, which was available only for basketball games, boxing and concerts, and not for hockey games and ice shows, was known as the \"Rotunda\" (\"ringside\" for boxing and \"courtside\" for basketball), had beige seats, and bore section numbers of 29 and lower (the lowest number varying with the different venues, in some cases with the very lowest sections denoted by letters rather than numbers). Next above this was the \"Orchestra\" (red) seating, sections 31 through 97, followed by the 100-level \"First Promenade\" (orange) and 200-level \"Second Promenade\"(yellow), the 300-level (green) \"First Balcony\", and the 400-level (blue) \"Second Balcony.\" The rainbow-colored seats were replaced with maroon and teal seats during the 1990s renovation (in part because the blue seats had acquired an unsavory reputation, especially during games in which the New York Rangers hosted their cross-town rivals, the New York Islanders) which installed the 10th floor sky-boxes around the entire arena and the 9th floor sky-boxes on the 7th avenue end of the arena, taking out 400-level seating on the 7th Avenue end in the process.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.131454944610596, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "As part of the 2011–2013 renovation, the club sections, 100-level and 200-level have been combined to make a new 100-level lower bowl. The 300-level and 400-level were combined and raised 17 feet closer, forming a new 200-level upper bowl. All skyboxes but those on the 7th Avenue end were removed and replaced with balcony seating (8th Avenue) and Chase Bridge Seating (31st Street and 33rd Street). The sky-boxes on the 9th floor were remodeled and are now called the Signature Suites. The sky-boxes on the 7th Avenue end of the 10th Floor are now known as the Lounges. One small section of the 400-level remains near the west end of the arena, and features blue seats. The media booths have been relocated to the 31st Street Chase Bridge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.714405059814453, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*19,693 (1972–1978)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.2734375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*19,763 (1991–2012)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.322793006896973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*19,033 (2012–2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44911003112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*19,812 (2013–present)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.131434440612793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*17,200 (2012–2013)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25243091583252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "*18,006 (2013–present)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.389784812927246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The Theater at Madison Square Garden seats between 2,000 and 5,600 for concerts and can also be used for meetings, stage shows, and graduation ceremonies. It was the home of the NFL Draft until 2005, when it moved to the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center after MSG management opposed a new stadium for the New York Jets. It also hosted the NBA Draft from 2001 to 2010. The theater also occasionally hosts boxing matches on nights when the main arena is unavailable. The fall 1999 Jeopardy! Teen Tournament as well as a Celebrity Jeopardy! competition were held at the theater. Wheel of Fortune did tapings at the theater twice in 1999 and 2013. In 2004, it was the venue of the Survivor: All-Stars finale. No seat is more than 177 ft from the 30' × 64' stage. The theatre has a relatively low 20 ft ceiling at stage level and all of its seating except for boxes on the two side walls is on one level slanted back from the stage. There is an 8000 sqft lobby at the theater.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.2166218757629395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden sits directly atop a major transportation hub in Pennsylvania Station, featuring access to commuter rail service from the Long Island Rail Road and New Jersey Transit, as well as Amtrak. The Garden is also accessible via the New York City Subway. The stop at 8th Avenue and the at 7th Avenue in Penn Station. The Garden can also be reached from nearby Herald Square with the at the 34th Street – Herald Square station as well as PATH train service from the 33rd Street station.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.128361225128174, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "October 24, 2013 10/24/2013 4:33 p.m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.233382225036621, "source": "search", "title": "newly-renovated Madison Square Garden. - NYMag" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "On October 3rd, 1979, Pope John Paul II paid a visit to thousands upon thousands of enthusiastic teenagers at the Madison Square Garden. There, throngs of teens chanted loudly “John Paul II, we love you!” and were met with joy and love from the pontiff who wooed them on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.901273727416992, "source": "search", "title": "Madison Square Garden Mass - Pope Francis Visit 2015" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The 1879 CLUB presented by JP MORGAN is a beacon of luxury, providing an inviting mix of privacy and first-class service. The \"club behind the club\" is an elite membership-only sanctuary for our most valuable VIP Season Subscribers that incorporates unique features and delivers the ultimate Garden experience. In addition, 1879 Club members will have access to the Delta SKY360o Club and all its amenities.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.25150203704834, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "(7th Avenue between W 31st St and W 33rd St)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.45630168914795, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The New York City metropolitan area are serviced by 3 major airports: LaGuardia (approximately 9 miles away), John F. Kennedy International (approximately 15 miles away), and Newark Liberty International (approximately 15 miles away). MSG is accessible by public transportation, car service, and taxi from all 3 airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420625686645508, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Assistive Listening Devices (ALD) are available for guests who are deaf or hard of hearing for events in the Arena and the Theater. The devices are those which operate on the FM system. In the Arena, please visit the Guest Experience office located near section 117 on the Madison Concourse (Level 6) or the Guest Experience Podium located near Section 227 on the Garden Concourse (Level 8) upon your arrival to arrange for the use of an Assistive Listening Device. In the Theater, visit the Event Manager's office to arrange for the use of an ALD. You will be required to leave a driver's license or credit card and, upon return of the device in the same condition, your collateral will be returned. There is no charge for this service. Please call the Disabled Services department at (212) 212-465-6034, any weekday between 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. for more information.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.732929229736328, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "New York Knicks: call 212-631-5796 or visit  nyknicks.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479999542236328, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "New York Liberty: call 212-465-6639 or visit www.wnba.com/liberty", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37120532989502, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden's Box Office is located inside Chase Square, which is located off of 7th Avenue between West 31st Street and West 33rd Street. Please click here for Box Office hours.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.808737277984619, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Bus and limousine drop-off are located on 7th avenue between W. 31st and W. 33rd Streets as well as W. 31st and W. 33rd Streets between 7th and 8th Avenues. Please call the New York City Department of Transportation at 212-639-9675 or dial 311, for more information..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.314554214477539, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "New York Knicks: call 212-631-5796 or visit nyknicks.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479999542236328, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "New York Liberty: call 212-465-6639 or visit www.wnba.com/liberty", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37120532989502, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "New York Rangers Youth Hockey camp: call (212) 465-6553 or visit newyorkrangers.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.58257007598877, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "A special dedicated entrance for Chase Cardholders is available during NY Rangers and NY Knicks game days. The entrance is located on 31st Street between 7th and 8th Avenues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49884033203125, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Additional Chase entrances are now available to ticket holders and located on 8th Avenue and 31st or 33rd Street.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.49361801147461, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "318, 322", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.162521362304688, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "20 of The Garden’s “Defining Moments” are commemorated on the SAP Madison Concourse (Level 6) and Garden Concourse (Level 8) through special exhibits that feature photos, memorabilia and additional artifacts, representing each of these amazing moments in Garden history. The first 10 “Defining Moments” were unveiled in Fall 2012 on the Madison Concourse, and the second 10 were revealed on the Garden Concourse for debut in Fall 2013.  To view all the defining moments, please click here .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.353055000305176, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "DELTA SKY360o Club", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.609824180603027, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "(7th Ave. between W. 31st St. and W. 33rd St.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.094207763671875, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Madison Square Garden is located directly above Penn Station and is easily accessible by taking the 1,2,3, A, C, E trains to 34th Street/Penn Station. You may also take the B, D, F, M, N, R, Q trains to the 34th Street/Herald Square stop and walk one block west to The Garden. PATH trains from New Jersey also stop at 33rd Street/Avenue of the Americas. If you are arriving via Metro-North, you may take the Shuttle or the 7 train from Grand Central to Times Square and transfer to the downtown 1, 2, 3 trains to 34th Street/Penn Station.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.243544101715088, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Individuals with disabilities may purchase up to three seats for companions in the accessible seating areas, provided such seats are available.  Additional tickets, if available, may be purchased as close to the accessible seating areas, as long as it does not exceed the ticket limit for the event.  Please note, for events or specific seating sections where ticket sales are limited to fewer than four tickets per patron, the same ticket restrictions will apply to the purchase of accessible seating.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.408379554748535, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "While we encourage our guests with disabilities to purchase directly with Disabled Services, guests who have purchased non-accessible tickets at the Madison Square Garden Box Office or through Ticketmaster and need the features of an accessible seat are invited to contact Disabled Services as soon as the need for accessible seating arises or at a minimum 3 business days prior to an event, to request the exchange of their ticket, based on availability, for one that more appropriately meets their needs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.224745273590088, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Wheelchair accessible restrooms are located throughout the Arena and the Theater, as well as all restaurants, and are clearly marked. In addition, we have a unisex restroom available for disabled guests who may require assistance from a person of the opposite gender or to assist a child for medical reasons. These unisex restrooms are located on the Madison Concourse (Level 6) near section 117, on the Garden Concourse (Level 8) near section 227 and on the Suites & Clubs (Level 7) across from Suite 43 (near Tower D).  Any guest is permitted to use these Family restrooms if that type of accommodation is required.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.395567893981934, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Garden 366", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.113072395324707, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Garden 366 is a visual retrospective that brings to life one moment in Garden history for every day of the year. The retrospective wraps the entire circumference of the Arena on the SAP Madison Concourse (6th floor), creating a visual calendar of The Garden’s rich history. While walking the concourse, fans are able to recall and learn about 366 remarkable Garden moments, spanning sports, music, entertainment and politics. This includes legendary moments like Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier, The Concert for New York City, New York Knicks and Rangers Championships, and the Republican and Democratic National Conventions.  To view a list of the retrospective, please click here .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.791928291320801, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Located on the Bridge Level (Level 10) near section 310, Group Central is the place for Knicks and Rangers Group buyers and guests to go for all of their questions. Any guest interested in learning more about how to set up a Lounge or group outing for a corporate function, special occasion or gathering with friends can stop by Group Central.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.494335174560547, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "For reservations and information on the New York Rangers Youth Hockey camp please call (212) 465-6553 or visit the New York Rangers website .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.536895751953125, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Section 301-303 and 307-309 are located on the Bridge Level on the Budweiser EIGHTEENI76 Balcony between Towers A & D.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.452119827270508, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Sections 304-306 are located on the Bridge Level on the EIGHTEENI76 Balcony between Towers A & D.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.472277641296387, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Merchandise stands are located throughout the concourses.  Cash, American Express, Visa, MasterCard, Discover, and Diner's Club are accepted.  We do not accept checks or money orders. If you do not have a ticket for an event, you may visit the Madison Square Garden Store, located in Chase Square from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.  The MSG Store in Chase Square sells tickets to the Madison Square Garden All Access Tour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.992035388946533, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "317", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.237621307373047, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "We ask all guests to arrive early and travel light as you may be subject to search. We ask that our guests avoid bringing unnecessary items. MSG may utilize metal detecting hand wands, walk-through metal detectors or other devices. Bags that have passed inspection must fit comfortably under your seat. Amongst items that are prohibited from MSG are: weapons, laser pens, signs, banners, oversized bags, outside food and beverage, including water, cans, bottles, alcohol, drugs, video cameras, monopods, tripods, selfie sticks, personal transporters, audio recording devices and SLR cameras with telephoto or zoom lenses. You may bring in a disposable, 35mm or digital point and shoot camera (with no zoom or telephoto lens), however, for some events, cameras of any type and/or flash photography may be prohibited.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.51750373840332, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Video cameras, monopods, tripods, selfie sticks, audio recording devices and cameras with telephoto or zoom lenses are not permitted inside Madison Square Garden at any time. This policy will be strictly enforced. You may bring in a disposable or 35mm camera (with no zoom or telephoto lens), however, for some events, cameras of any type and/or flash photography may be prohibited.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.893565654754639, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "A retired jersey number is the highest honor a player from one of our teams can achieve at Madison Square Garden. When a number is retired, it will forever hang from The Garden rafters and can never be worn by another player from that franchise again. Retired Knicks jersey numbers are: 10 (Walt Frazier), 12 (Dick Barnett), 15 (Earl Monroe and Dick McGuire), 19 (Willis Reed), 22 (Dave DeBusschere), 24 (Bill Bradley), 33 (Patrick Ewing), and 613 (Red Holtzman. The 613 signifies the number of wins attained as Head Coach of the Knicks). Retired Rangers jersey numbers are: 1 (Eddie Giacomin), 2 (Brian Leetch), 3 (Harry Howell), 7 (Rod Gilbert), 9 (Andy Bathgate and Adam Graves), 11 (Mark Messier) and 35 (Mike Richter). Furthermore, 526 (Lou Carnesecca-signifying the number of wins as Head Coach of St. John's University) hangs only during college basketball events. Steffi Graf (5 Time Virginia Slims/Chase Championships Champion) and Martina Navratilova (8 Time Virginia Slims/Chase Championships Champion) also have banners hung only during tennis events. Additionally, music icon and Madison Square Garden franchise Billy Joel is the first artist ever to simultaneously hold both of The Garden’s concert-related performance records and is the only performer currently to have commemorative banners hanging from The Garden rafters. Joel continues to break his own records both for the “Longest Run of Any Artist” and the “Most Number of Performances By Any Artist” at The World’s Most Famous Arena.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.945913791656494, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Becoming a season subscriber of the Knicks, Rangers, and/or Liberty entitles you to a host of benefits including exclusive special offers, events, and discounts. For more information please contact our Season Subscriptions department at 212-465-6073, Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.469682693481445, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "If you are interested in becoming a Season or Mini Plan Subscriber for the Knicks, Rangers, or Liberty, please contact our Season Subscriptions department at 212-465-6073, Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373797416687012, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "For basketball events in the Arena, the seating capacity is 19,830 and for hockey events in the Arena, the seating capacity is 18,024. For all other events, seating capacity changes depending on the set-up of the event. For events in the Theater, the seating capacity is 5,600.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.400986671447754, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "While we encourage our guests with disabilities to purchase directly with Disabled Services, guests who have purchased non-accessible tickets at the Madison Square Garden Box Office or through Ticketmaster and need the features of an accessible seat are invited to contact Disabled Services as soon as the need for accessible seating arises or at a minimum 3 business days prior to an event, to request the exchange of their ticket, based on availability, for one that more appropriately meets their needs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.224745273590088, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Disabled seating exchanges cannot be made for tickets purchased through other third parties, ticket brokers or other sources. All seating relocations are subject to availability. For additional information please contact the Madison Square Garden’s Disabled Services at 212-465-6034, any weekday from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.573455810546875, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "   800-745-3000   ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176491737365723, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "If you are interested in becoming a Season or Mini Plan Subscriber for the Knicks, Rangers, or Liberty, please contact our Season Subscriptions department at 212-465-6073, Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.373797416687012, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "Please understand that a facility surcharge is included in the ticket price, regardless of your point of purchase. Please be aware that the Ticketmaster surcharges cover the costs of performing the administrative functions necessary to process ticket orders, as well as for shipping. There are three ways to purchase tickets through Tickemaster. If you choose to use Ticketmaster's phone or Internet service, you will be assessed a facility convenience and shipping charge. If you choose to utilize a Ticketmaster outlet to purchase tickets, you will be assessed a facility surcharge and a convenience charge. You may avoid Ticketmaster charges only by purchasing tickets in person at our Box Office.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.55681324005127, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Explore exclusive VIP areas of the state-of-the-art arena and commemorate over 130 years of legendary Garden history. Discover the spectacular Chase Bridges, get the inside scoop on all your favorite players when you explore the Knicks, Rangers and Liberty locker rooms*, and view the arena like never before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.614843368530273, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Tours run daily from 9:30AM-3:00PM and depart approximately every half hour.*", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.404132843017578, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Sections 317-323 are located on the Bridge Level between Towers B & C.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.433270454406738, "source": "search", "title": "FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions - Madison Square Garden ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "MSG shares have fallen 16 percent in the last year. They closed on Friday at $151.52, up 58 cents, or 3 percent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396272659301758, "source": "search", "title": "MSG execs fired after being caught in ticket scalping ..." }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "These never-before-seen photos show the centerpiece of the arena’s renovation — two revolutionary glass-walled seating “bridges” attached to the roof that hold 430 seats, each going for $110 to $210.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.179835319519043, "source": "search", "title": "First peek at MSG sky bridge seats | New York Post" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "“[People] will be on top of the action as well as very close to it. There is nothing like this in the world,” said architect Murray Beynon, who headed the three-year project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.474099159240723, "source": "search", "title": "First peek at MSG sky bridge seats | New York Post" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "The Garden has been shutting down for four to five months every year for the past three years to finish the billion-dollar renovation, which also includes wider concourses, mores suites and comfortable new balcony seating.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.20998477935791, "source": "search", "title": "First peek at MSG sky bridge seats | New York Post" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "The north bridge has 355 seats and the south bridge 75, plus space for media.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.463181495666504, "source": "search", "title": "First peek at MSG sky bridge seats | New York Post" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "3 CONSECUTIVE YEARS! 36 SELLOUTS! BILLY JOEL AT MADISON SQUARE GARDEN | 37TH SHOW ADDED", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.8790130615234375, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "Three", "passage": "The Madison Square Garden Company announced today the 37th consecutive show by legendary musician and MSG franchise Billy Joel. The January 11th show is part of his residency at The World’s Most Famous Arena which began in January 2014 with Joel playing one show per month at The Garden as part of the Time Warner Cable Concert Series, for three consecutive years. The January show will be Joel’s 83rd all-time performance at The Garden.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.735685348510742, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": " Citi cardmembers will have exclusive access to presale tickets for the January 11 show from Monday, November 14 at 10:00AM (EST) through Thursday, November 17 at 10:00PM (EST) via www.citiprivatepass.com . Tickets for the January 11 show will be available for purchase by the general public beginning at 10:00AM (EST) on Friday, November 18 via ticketmaster.com and by calling Ticketmaster at 866-858-0008. Tickets will also be available at the Madison Square Garden box office on Saturday, November 19. Prices range from $65.50 to $129.50. The concerts are being promoted by The Madison Square Garden Company in association with AEG Live and Q104.3 as a media partner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4382219314575195, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": " In December 2013, Billy Joel became Madison Square Garden’s first-ever music franchise, joining the ranks of the storied venue’s other original franchises – the New York Knicks, Rangers and Liberty. Since January 2014, Joel has played one show per month at The Garden as part of the Time Warner Cable Concert Series. This unprecedented and wildly successful residency has led to 36 sold-out shows through December 2016. Having sold 150 million records over the past quarter century, Billy Joel ranks as one of most popular recording artists and respected entertainers in history. The singer/songwriter/composer is the sixth best-selling recording artist of all time, the third best-selling solo artist and is one of the highest grossing touring artists in the world. Joel is also one of the biggest live performing artists in the world and his concerts continue to break records in both arenas and baseball stadiums. In November 2014, Billy Joel received both The Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song which honors living musical artists’ lifetime achievement in promoting the genre of song as a vehicle of cultural understanding; entertaining and informing audiences; and inspiring new generations, and the once-in-a-century ASCAP Centennial Award, which is presented to American music icons in recognition of their incomparable accomplishments in their respective music genres and beyond.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.367521286010742, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "In December 2013, Joel received The Kennedy Center Honors, one of the United States' top cultural awards. He is also the recipient of six GRAMMY® Awards, including the prestigious Grammy Legend Award. Joel has been inducted into the Songwriter’s Hall of Fame and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and has received numerous industry awards including a TONY AWARD for \"Movin' Out,\" a Broadway musical based on Joel’s music. For his accomplishments as a musician and as a humanitarian, Joel was honored as the 2002 MusiCares Person Of The Year by the MusiCares Foundation and the National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.423572540283203, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "December 3rd, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.500277519226074, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "BILLY JOEL IS “MOVING IN” TO THE GARDEN ALONGSIDE THE KNICKS, RANGERS AND LIBERTY Madison Square Garden announced today that legendary music icon Billy Joel will become the first-ever music franchise of “The World’s Most Famous Arena.” Joining the ranks of The Garden’s other original franchises – including the New York Knicks, Rangers and Liberty – Billy Joel will kick off this franchise at The Garden performing a show a month, as long as there is demand, starting January 27, 2014. The first four previously announced shows -- January 27, February 3, March 21, April 18 are sold out. The just announced May 9 show, which is also Billy’s 65th birthday, will be available to Citi cardmembers during an exclusive presale from December 4th at 10am (EST) through December 6th at 10pm (EST). Tickets will then be available for purchase by the general public beginning at 10am (EST) on Saturday, December 7th. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.6453142166137695, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Tickets for the May 9, 2014 Billy Joel performance at Madison Square Garden will be available to Citi cardmembers during an exclusive presale from Wednesday, December 4 at 10am through Friday, December 6 at 10pm. Tickets will then be available for purchase by the general public beginning at 10am on Saturday, December 7 via ticketmaster.com and by calling 800.745.3000. Prices range from $64.50 to $124.50. The remaining shows will be announced later this year. Tickets will also available at the Madison Square Garden Event box office on Sunday, December 8, 2014. The concerts are being promoted by MSG Entertainment in association with AEG and Q104.3 as a media partner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.402360916137695, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "November 26th, 2013", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.489633560180664, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" }, { "answer": "3", "passage": "Billy Joel just announced that he will hold a press conference at Madison Square Garden on December 3rd to make an \"exclusive and historic announcement.\" Neither he nor the arena have given indication of what they are going to announce, but the moment will be broadcast live on Fuse, the MSG Network and BillyJoel.com.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.155368804931641, "source": "search", "title": "NEWS - Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden" } ]

[ { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "El Prado, a long, wide promenade and boulevard, runs through the park's center. Most of the buildings lining this street are in the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture style, a richly ornamented mixture of European Spanish architecture and the Spanish Colonial architecture of New Spain-Mexico. Along this boulevard are many of the park's museums and cultural attractions, including the San Diego Museum of Man, the San Diego Museum of Art, the Museum of Photographic Arts, the San Diego Art Institute, the San Diego Model Railroad Museum, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego History Center, the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, and the Timken Museum of Art. Other features along El Prado include the Reflection Pond, the latticed Botanical Building, and the Bea Evenson Fountain. Next to the promenade are the San Diego Air & Space Museum and the San Diego Automotive Museum. ", "precise_score": 0.12119600176811218, "rough_score": -2.7512171268463135, "source": "wiki", "title": "Balboa Park (San Diego)" }, { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "Sumptuous Balboa Park contains one of the largest groups of museums in the US, scattered either side and to the south of El Prado, the road that bisects the park. Yet its greatest charms are its trees, gardens, statues, traffic-free promenades and Spanish Colonial-style buildings. Within easy reach of downtown by buses #7, #16 or #25, the park is large but fairly easy to get around on foot - if you tire, there's a free tram. The $30 Balboa Park Passport , which allows one-time admission to all twelve of the park's museums and its Japanese garden (though not the zoo), is available from the visitors information center (daily 9am-4pm; tel 619/239-0512), inside the beautifully reconstructed House of Hospitality. Most of the museums are closed on Mondays, and most are free on varying Tuesdays.", "precise_score": 5.861423492431641, "rough_score": 3.4679365158081055, "source": "search", "title": "San Diego Balboa Park Hotels - San Diego Concierge" }, { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "Theatrical and musical venues include the Spreckels Organ Pavilion, featuring one of the world's largest outdoor pipe organs; the Old Globe Theatre complex, which includes a replica of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre as well as an outdoor stage and a Theatre in the round; and the Starlight Bowl – an outdoor amphitheatre. The Casa Del Prado Theater is the home of San Diego Junior Theatre, the country's oldest children's theatre program. The House of Pacific Relations International Cottages collected on El Prado offer free entertainment shows.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.612677574157715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Balboa Park (San Diego)" }, { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "The Botanical Building, designed by Carleton Winslow, was the largest wood lath structure in the world when it was built in 1915 for the Panama-California Exposition. It contains large specimen palms and other plants and sits next to a long reflecting pool on the El Prado side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.11939811706543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Balboa Park (San Diego)" }, { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "Several new museums opened during the 1960s and 1970s: the Timken Museum of Art in 1965, the Centro Cultural de la Raza in 1970, and the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center in 1973. The 1915–1916 exposition's Food and Beverage Building was rebuilt and reopened in 1971 as Casa del Prado.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104548454284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Balboa Park (San Diego)" }, { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "Minor works by Rembrandt and El Greco and a stirring collection of Russian icons make the stifling formality of the Timkin Museum of Art (Tues-Sat 10am-4.30pm, Sun 1.30-4.30pm; closed Sept; free; gort.ucsd.edu /sj/timken) worth enduring. The San Diego Museum of Art (Tues-Sun 10am-4.30pm; $8; ) has few individually striking items in its permanent collection, save for a small selection of 17th-century Dutch works by Hals and Rembrandt, but it's the main venue for touring shows and offers some exquisitely crafted pieces from China and Japan. Outside, don't miss the free Sculpture Court and Garden , with formidable works by Henry Moore and Alexander Calder. The Museum of Man (daily 10am-4.30pm; $6; ), which straddles El Prado, veers from banal crafts demonstrations to excellent Native American displays, artifacts, folklore and physical remains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.559637069702148, "source": "search", "title": "San Diego Balboa Park Hotels - San Diego Concierge" }, { "answer": "El Prado", "passage": "The child-oriented Reuben H. Fleet Science Center (Mon & Tues 9.30am-6.30pm, Wed-Sun 9.30am-9pm; science center $6.50, with theater or simulator $9, all three $11; ), close to the Park Boulevard end of El Prado, is notable mainly for its Space Theater's huge IMAX screen and virtual reality simulator, which take you on stomach-churning trips into outer and inner space. Across the plaza, the Natural History Museum (daily 9.30am-4.30pm; $6; ) has a great collection of fossils and pulls no punches in its coverage of threatened species. Just behind, in the Spanish Village Art Center (daily 11am-4pm; free), craftspeople in 37 studios and galleries practice skills such as painting, sculpture, pottery and glassworking.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.573840141296387, "source": "search", "title": "San Diego Balboa Park Hotels - San Diego Concierge" } ]

[ { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "By the end of 1932, there were approximately 150 companies manufacturing pinball machines, most of them in Chicago. Chicago has been the center of pinball manufacturing ever since. Competition among the companies was strong, and by 1934 there were 14 companies remaining.", "precise_score": 7.410360336303711, "rough_score": 6.617918968200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pinball" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Pinball was banned from the early 1940s to the mid-1970s in most of America's big cities, including New York, Los Angeles and Chicago, where the game was born and where virtually all of its manufacturers have historically been located. The stated reason for the bans: Pinball was a game of chance, not skill, and so it was a form of gambling. To be fair, pinball really did involve a lot less skill in the early years of the game, largely because the flipper wasn't invented until 1947, five years after most of the bans were implemented. Up until then, players would bump and tilt the machines in order to sway the ball's gravity. Many lawmakers also believed pinball to be a mafia-run racket and a time- and dime-waster for impressionable youth. (The machines robbed the \"pockets of schoolchildren in the form of nickels and dimes given them as lunch money,\" New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia wrote in a Supreme Court affidavit.)", "precise_score": 5.603922367095947, "rough_score": 7.286734104156494, "source": "search", "title": "11 Things You Didn't Know About Pinball History" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Pinball was banned from the early 1940s to the mid-1970s in most of America's big cities, including New York, Los Angeles and Chicago, where the game was born and where virtually all of its manufacturers have historically been located. The stated reason for the bans: Pinball was a game of chance, not skill, and so it was a form of gambling. To be fair, pinball really did involve a lot less skill in the early years of the game, largely because the flipper wasn't invented until 1947, five years after most of the bans were implemented. Up until then, players would bump and tilt the machines in order to sway the ball's gravity. Many lawmakers also believed pinball to be a mafia-run racket and a time- and dime-waster for impressionable youth. (The machines robbed the \"pockets of schoolchildren in the form of nickels and dimes given them as lunch money,\" New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia wrote in a Supreme Court affidavit.)", "precise_score": 5.603922367095947, "rough_score": 7.286734104156494, "source": "search", "title": "11 Things You Didn't Know About Pinball History" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Ballyhoo Pinball was the first pinball game ever made and was built by Raymond Maloney in 1931. Raymond Maloney later founded the Bally manufacturing company of Chicago, IL. Raymond Maloney borrowed the Ballyhoo Pinball Title from the then famous Magazine, \"Ballyhoo\". Ballyhoo Magazine (1931-1939) - Who's name was lended to the Ballyhoo Pinball Title", "precise_score": 5.296783924102783, "rough_score": 5.363691329956055, "source": "search", "title": "the history of pinball - Coin-Op American Edition Guinness ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Ever since Kevin Schramer started playing pinball in the 1970's, he noticed that many machines listed their manufacturing addresses in the Chicago region. The addresses have kept him wondering for decades, so when he learned about Curious City, he just had to ask:", "precise_score": 5.564274787902832, "rough_score": 5.151090621948242, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "To say Chicago was the hub of the pinball industry isn’t to say that the game was invented in the Windy City. Historians trace early pinball machines to a centuries-old French billiard game called bagatelle, while the modern coin-operated pinball industry got its start in the early 1930s. During the Great Depression, many people were “out of work, looking for inexpensive entertainment for a penny,” explains pinball historian Roger Sharpe. Enterprising tinkerers and businessmen began to fill that need with simple countertop games.", "precise_score": 8.225961685180664, "rough_score": 8.26412296295166, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Even Chicago’s weather made it on to some machines. Greg Freres, celebrated pinball artist, worked on the Harlem Globetrotters machine during the notorious winter of 1979 — one of the city’s worst . Freres included a splotch of white paint next to Lake Michigan in honor of Chicago’s snow on the Globetrotters’ globe.", "precise_score": 4.716557502746582, "rough_score": 5.186718463897705, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "The video game boom of the 1980s signaled the end of the boom for pinball. Arcades replaced rows of pinball machines with video games like 1978's Space Invaders, 1979's Asteroids, 1980's Pac-Man, and 1981's Galaga. These earned significantly greater profits than the pinball machines of the day, while simultaneously requiring less maintenance. Bally, Williams, and Gottlieb continued to make pinball machines, while they also manufactured video games in much higher numbers. Many of the larger companies were acquired by, or merged with, other companies. Chicago Coin was purchased by the Stern family, who brought the company into the digital era as Stern Enterprises, which closed its doors in the mid-1980s. Bally exited the pinball business in 1988 and sold their assets to Williams, who subsequently used the Bally trademark from then on for about half of their pinball releases.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5355772972106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pinball" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Like New York, Los Angeles banned pinball machines in 1939. The ban was overturned by the Supreme Court of California in 1974 because (1) if pinball machines were games of chance, the ordinance was preempted by state law governing games of chance in general, and (2) if they were games of skill, the ordinance was unconstitutional as a denial of the equal protection of the laws. Although it was rarely enforced, Chicago's ban on pinball lasted three decades and ended in 1973. Philadelphia and Salt Lake City also had similar bans. Regardless of these events, some towns in America still have such bans on their books 50 years later, and several countries still ban the games and their rewards. More recent games are clearly labeled \"FOR AMUSEMENT ONLY\" in an attempt to emphasize their legitimate, legal nature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.0571510791778564, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pinball" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "* Whirlwind Spinner(s): Used in some games, a whirlwind spinner is a rapidly rotating (often rubberized) disk on the playfield that momentarily \"grabs\" the ball and throws it in a random direction. Some games couple a whirlwind spinner with a magnet placed in the center, although DataEast seems to be the only manufacturer to do so. Bally's \"Fireball\" and Chicago Coin's \"Casino\" were popular games with a whirlwind spinner.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.51171875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Pinball" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "in the Chicagoland area and run by Gary Stern, the son of Stern Electronics' founder Sam Stern.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.65345287322998, "source": "search", "title": "The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "             the long-time pinball machine manufacturer Chicago Coin makes its very last game,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.389415740966797, "source": "search", "title": "The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "             and Chicago Coin is taken over by Sam Stern (father of Gary Stern), and renamed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.232965469360352, "source": "search", "title": "The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "           Gottlieb in the \" Chicago Cubs Triple Play \" pinball machine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.4131267070770264, "source": "search", "title": "The History Of Pinball Machines | Worldwide Pinball ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "His daughter loved it so much that she invited her friends to come over and play this fun board game. Well, next thing you know there was a line all the way around the house, kids waiting to play this board game! A neighbor of Paulin's came over and told him he thought he had something big here! Paulin took the board game to a friend of his, Myrl A. Park who operated a radio shop. Paulin asked Park, \"If I make another one, could I sell it in your shop.\" Park was not optimistic about the idea. Park said, \"You should put a coin device on it, let them pay to play.\" Paulin like that idea, and took the board game to another friend Earl W. Froom. Froom was an electrical salesman, he took the board game home and came up with a coin device for it! Paulin, Froom, and Park made a number of experiments with the board which they dubbed as \"Old Jenny\". Finally they decided they had it perfected. Encased with a glass top, four legs, the board had a sloping playfield, a sliding panel to drop the balls in at the start of the game, and a spring plunger to shoot the balls. The idea was to put a nickel in the coin device and that would entitle you to ten (10) balls, nine (9) white marbles, plus a red one which counted double in points. You would \"shoot\" to one end of the board and then the balls rolled down the board again and were deflected into various holes by nails in the board. The three men put the board game in a local General Store to test it out. After one hour they counted the money from the coin device - $2.60! The men couldn't believe it! Paulin said, \"Let's build ten of these.\" On January 28th, 1931 the three men went into partnership. Arthur Paulin was President, and was in charge of construction and manufacture with 1/3 partnership. Earl Froom was Vice President and in charge of sales also with 1/3 partnership. Myrl Park came to assist Paulin and Froom with 1/6 partnership and another man William Howell who was in charge of all records (secretary) came in as 1/6 partnership. The company was born! They called it Automatic Industries. All four men signed a joint note for $300.00 at the Youngstown Bank, the proceeds of which will be the working capital to be expended for material and stock in trade of said company. (Documents with Paulin family) The men rented a second floor of a building. But soon grew out of it! They decided to rent a house, and again grew out of that. They were making so much money Froom said, \"We've got to pinch ourselves every once in a while to figure out whether we are dreaming.\" The men decided to build there own building because the orders were coming in from everywhere. Automatic Industries was shipping these Whiffle Boards to every state in the union. They sold territory rights to dozens of people all over the country. Some of these people were the most prominent of men in the country. The company would book orders averaging 27,000 boards a year! Within a few years, they had passed the $250,000 mark for contracted Whiffle Board games! At that time, the company employed 53 men in the shop, 11 men and 2 ladies to do the office work. Arthur Paulin said, \"I love what I do, but what makes my heart feel good is that I am able to give 66 people jobs during the depression!\" (Documents with Paulin's family) Bad times ahead - People and there mothers got on the bandwagon and tried to recreate the Whiffle Board. A Chicago game manufacturers began producing copies of the game, and that the 'generic name' for these machines eventually became \"Pinball Game\". 'Ballyhoo and Bingo were the biggest to try to stake claim as the inventors of the first coins devise board games'. A company in North Carolina actually started coping WHIFFLE, and went so far as to put Automatic Industries on them. It got so bad that racketeers got involved with the games business and that they would often smash up other operator's games on location and put their own games in their place. Froom said, \"The problem got so bad that many places tried to pass laws banning pinball games which often resulted in court decisions against the games business. Then came the court battles - Paulin, Froom, and Park went to court to try to stop others from infringing on Automatic Industries patents. The court battle lasted for many years! In 1937 a Federal Judge ruled that their patents were not strong enough to win. This was a bitter defeat for the men after all those years. It is to be believed that Earl W. Froom was the inventor of the Whiffle Board. He was not! He created the coin device for the Whiffle Board, and a partner of Automatic Industries. It was reported to the Paulin family that after Paulin's death in 1947, Earl Froom claimed that he was the inventor. Whiffle Board / Pinball invented by : Arthur L. Paulin Coin device by : Earl W. Froom - SOURCES - Story written by Arthur Paulin's daughter Lois Paulin Hollerman age 82, and Granddaughter Karen Hollerman Kettering; January 4th 2009 I hope you enjoyed the real story about the Whiffle Board and hope you will share this story on your web site, and all the Pinball lovers out there!!! Take care and keep on playing, Karen PS I kinda laughed that you said the Whiffle Board didn't catch on. My grandfather retired a millionaire. Ballyhoo Pinball Machine", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921677589416504, "source": "search", "title": "the history of pinball - Coin-Op American Edition Guinness ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry | WBEZ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.102797985076904, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Why was the Chicago area home to all the major pinball manufacturers during the heyday of pinball?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.0596981048583984, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "After digging into relevant history books, interviewing industry experts, and emptying plenty of change into the area’s remaining pinball machines , we can firmly say that Kevin’s on to something: From the modern pinball industry’s Depression-era beginnings, to its modest market presence today, Chicago has been pinball’s center of gravity. (The Internet Pinball Database lists 554 top-rated pinball machines and at least 98 percent of them were made in the region.) But the answer as to why involves an interplay of history, geography and art.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.04869914799928665, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "In these early days, many of the industry’s key players were travelling businessmen such as David Gottlieb, whose machine Baffle Ball was one of pinball’s first big hits. Baffle Ball was a simple game. There were no flippers, lights, or bells; you just pulled the plunger back and hoped that the ball bounced into the right hole. Gottlieb moved throughout the Midwest to sell his machines, but his operation was based in Chicago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.639136552810669, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Many of pinball's now-familiar qualities, such as replays and tilt mechanisms, were considered whiz-bang when they were first developed by engineer Harry Williams in the 1930’s. Williams got his start in California, pranking his business partners by adding electricity to his machines and connecting the games to telephones; in some cases, the right shot would make the phone ring. Once the ringing machines proved to draw more money than their silent counterparts, machines with sound-making elements became the norm. While Williams tried working from California for a while, he eventually decided that he would need Chicago's competitive edge if he wanted to make a name for himself in the pinball industry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1681408882141113, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Chicago had a lot to offer the budding industry. Raw materials were widely available, including lumber and wiring, as well as steel from nearby Gary, Ind. The city's large immigrant population became the basis of the factories' work force. Once the machines were finished, the city's railroads made them easy to distribute across the country, and Lake Michigan's ports allowed the machines to be sent around the world as pinball found a market overseas. David Gottlieb and Harry Williams founded some of the industry’s most successful companies in Chicago, and named the firms after themselves.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.767176866531372, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Through the decades, the pinball industry had its highs and lows. From the 1940s through most of the 1970s pinball was officially banned as illegal gambling in many of the nation’s big cities, including New York City and Chicago. (Roger Sharpe, our historical guide, played an instrumental role in overturning the bans with a skill shot that became the stuff of pinball legend.) Although the bans were lightly enforced, they kept the industry from achieving its full potential. Then, in the mid-1970s, the bans were lifted, and The Who’s pinball rock opera Tommy was made into a major motion picture. At this point, pinball found a place in the mainstream culture, and the industry entered into a full-blown heyday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.494304895401001, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "As the industry thrived, the graphic artists who designed the backglasses and the playfields developed a detail-rich pinball aesthetic. While Chicago has many important cultural contributions, it has a unique monopoly on pinball art. The art blended the bawdy imagery of Playboy magazine (based in Chicago at the time) with the garish colors of Riverview amusement park ; before it was closed in 1967, Riverview had shared the same neighborhood as many pinball manufacturers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2751820087432861, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "By the close of the decade, however, pinball was in a verifiable slump. WMS, the corporate successor to the company founded by desinger Harry Williams, lost $4 million on its pinball division in 1998 alone. The company gave its pinball team one last shot to reinvigorate pinball. The team developed Pinball 2000, a hybrid of video games and pinball featuring holographic aliens. Despite the machine’s relative success and a promo video complete with kooky narration from Chicago radio legend Ken Nordine, the corporate bosses at WMS shut down their pinball division to focus on growing profits in the slot machine industry. By the dawn of the 21st century, only one manufacturer of pinball machines remained in Chicago, and the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.172667026519775, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "But pinball didn’t end there. That last company, Stern Pinball, continues to develop and manufacture pinball machines in west suburban Melrose Park. (A New Jersey-based company just released a Wizard of Oz pinball machine, but Stern is the only company that regularly releases new machines and distributes them widely.) Company CEO Gary Stern has been in the pinball industry since he was a small child accompanying his father, a business partner of Harry Williams, on factory visits. While the access to materials, labor, and distribution that made Chicago an ideal location for pinball’s beginnings remain, Stern says another element is keeping the surviving industry here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.8287627696990967, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "“We’re here, because we’re here,” Stern puts it plainly. That is, a community of pinball designers, engineers, and specialists live in the Chicago area, and many of them remain dedicated to the pinball craft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2776739597320557, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Pinball’s popularity has diminished to the point where it’s most visible in the shadowy corners of dive bars. But still, Shird remains optimistic. These days, when he finishes work at Stern, he heads straight to Logan Arcade , one of Chicago’s many new arcade bars, to maintain (and play) the bar’s pinball collection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.443379878997803, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "(Want to play pinball? This map includes all Chicago area venues with 3 or more pinball machines. More information is available at PinballMap.com .)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.551602363586426, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "This story about Chicago pinball begins with our “Player 1,” Kevin Schramer. Kevin says he’s loved the colors and sounds of pinball since he was a kid in the 1970s. He first saw pinball at Funway, a family entertainment center  in west suburban Batavia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.126725673675537, "source": "search", "title": "Jackpot! Chicago’s Hold On Pinball Industry And Artistry ..." }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "Manufacturing Company of Chicago, IL.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.087422370910645, "source": "search", "title": "Pinball Machine History - ARCADE UNBELIEVABLE.COM" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "in the Chicagoland area and run by Gary Stern, the son of Stern Electronics' founder Sam Stern. Stern has released quite a few interesting and collectable titles over the past few years, and", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.856447219848633, "source": "search", "title": "Pinball Machine History - ARCADE UNBELIEVABLE.COM" }, { "answer": "Chicago", "passage": "             manufacturer, Chicago Coin, makes it last game - The company is taken over by", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271843910217285, "source": "search", "title": "Pinball Machine History - ARCADE UNBELIEVABLE.COM" } ]

[ { "answer": "In Old California", "passage": "The first movie to be made entirely in Hollywood was the 17-minute short in Old California directed by D. W. W. Griffith, released in 1910.", "precise_score": 8.515037536621094, "rough_score": 8.799239158630371, "source": "search", "title": "Hollywood Facts for Kids | KidzSearch.com" }, { "answer": "In Old California", "passage": "His short In Old California (1910) was the first film shot in Hollywood, California. Four years later he produced and directed his first feature film Judith of Bethulia (1914), one of the earliest to be produced in the United States. At the time, Biograph believed that longer features were not viable. According to actress Lillian Gish, the company thought that \"a movie that long would hurt [the audience's] eyes\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.9810211658477783, "source": "wiki", "title": "D. W. Griffith" }, { "answer": "In Old California", "passage": "America, or the entire cinematic world, celebrates next month the centenary of Hollywood’s first movie. The filming in February 1910 of D. W. Griffith’s “In Old California” was considered a cultural landmark. Equally fascinating are the details about the development of Hollywood (situated just 11 kms from Los Angeles) coinciding with the birth of the first movie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.588608264923096, "source": "search", "title": "Hollywood's First Movie: A Centenary Celebration – The ..." }, { "answer": "In Old California", "passage": "In Old California is a silent movie filmed in 1910 . It was... View the full answer", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.790158748626709, "source": "search", "title": "What was the name of the first Hollywood movie released by D W" } ]

[ { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator is a 1940 American political satire comedy-drama film written, directed, produced, scored by and starring Charlie Chaplin, following the tradition of many of his other films. Having been the only Hollywood film-maker to continue to make silent films well into the period of sound films, this was Chaplin's first true sound film.", "precise_score": 5.954409122467041, "rough_score": 6.76331090927124, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator was popular with audiences, becoming Chaplin's most commercially successful film. Modern critics have also praised it as a historically significant film and an important work of satire. The Great Dictator was nominated for five Academy Awards - Outstanding Production, Best Actor, Best Writing (Original Screenplay), Best Supporting Actor for Jack Oakie, and Best Music (Original Score).", "precise_score": 5.267401695251465, "rough_score": 7.014756679534912, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "*Charlie Chaplin as Adenoid Hynkel, the main antagonist. Hynkel is the Dictator of Tomainia (a parody of Germany and Adolf Hitler)[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243180/The-Great-Dictator \"The Great Dictator\"]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 26, 2013. and attacks the Jews with his storm-troopers. He has Schultz arrested and has his storm-troopers hunt down the Barber. Hynkel is later arrested by his own soldiers, who mistake him for the Barber.", "precise_score": 5.486423015594482, "rough_score": 7.333271503448486, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin : The Final Speech from The Great Dictator", "precise_score": 2.965416431427002, "rough_score": 7.470048904418945, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Transcript of Charlie Chaplin’s Final Speech in The Great Dictator", "precise_score": 3.0117011070251465, "rough_score": 6.608004570007324, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Final Speech (From \"The Great Dictator\") - Single by Charlie Chaplin on Apple Music", "precise_score": 2.5422441959381104, "rough_score": 6.357623100280762, "source": "search", "title": "Final Speech (From \"The Great Dictator\") - Single by ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture", "precise_score": 4.092198371887207, "rough_score": 7.502205848693848, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "One of the few good things to come out of this L’Affaire Interview has been a renewed interest among both the media and viewers in Charlie Chaplin’s 1940 classic, The Great Dictator. With some reason: If The Interview offers a cautionary tale in what happens when you satirize existing world tyrants, The Great Dictator is perhaps the poster child of satirizing existing world tyrants. Chaplin’s film, released before the U.S. had entered World War II, took direct aim at Adolf Hitler. In it, Chaplin played both the Tomanian despot Adenoid Hynkel (the film’s humorously named Hitler surrogate) and a Jewish barber who, after years in a military hospital, returns home only to discover that he’s now living in a brutal, anti-Semitic police state.", "precise_score": 6.453197956085205, "rough_score": 6.75657320022583, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator has rightly been held up as an example of Hollywood not caving to the wishes of foreign tyrants, but the reality is a bit more complicated than that. For starters, comparisons to The Interview (which, admittedly, I haven’t seen, despite repeated attempts) are probably inexact at best: For all its comedy, Chaplin’s film was an earnest effort on the part of the filmmaker to make a social and political statement; he was courting controversy and he knew it. And lampooning real-life figures was nothing new to Chaplin: In his WWI short Shoulder Arms, the Little Tramp had kicked Kaiser Wilhelm in the ass; in Modern Times, the dictatorial owner of the comically automatized factory our hero worked at bore a strong resemblance to assembly line pioneer Henry Ford.", "precise_score": 4.573795795440674, "rough_score": 6.960265159606934, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin – The Great Dictator Speech | Genius", "precise_score": 3.5730273723602295, "rough_score": 7.159137725830078, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin – The Great Dictator Speech | Genius" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator", "precise_score": 5.025645732879639, "rough_score": 8.409830093383789, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : the great dictator" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "In 1918, Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and starred in a World War I comedy lampooning Germany's Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II; Shoulder Arms was released just after Armistice Day. Decades later, on the eve of World War II, Chaplin made an even more ambitious film — his first \"talkie\" — about Adolph Hitler. In The Great Dictator, Chaplin parodies Hitler as a ruthless dictator named Adenoid Hynkel.", "precise_score": 5.350225448608398, "rough_score": 6.17197322845459, "source": "search", "title": "Satirizing dictators is nothing new — just ask Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin - The Great Dictator - Full Documentary - YouTube", "precise_score": 3.853123664855957, "rough_score": 7.348311901092529, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - The Great Dictator - Full Documentary ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Charlie Chaplin - The Great Dictator - Full Documentary", "precise_score": 4.0368781089782715, "rough_score": 7.775163650512695, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - The Great Dictator - Full Documentary ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "At an industry party Chaplin causes a minor scandal when he refuses to shake hands with a visiting member of the Nazi party. Fairbanks (with his health in great decline) comments that Chaplin looks a lot like Adolf Hitler, providing Chaplin with inspiration for his next movie in their final encounter before Fairbanks' death in 1939. Chaplin's film satirizing the Nazis The Great Dictator is a huge hit throughout the world but Hoover tries to portray the film as a work of anti-American propaganda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.037058353424072, "source": "wiki", "title": "Chaplin (film)" }, { "answer": "Tomainia", "passage": "The action starts in 1918, with the collapse of the Tomainian (German) army. A Jewish barber saves the life of a wounded pilot, Schultz, but loses his own memory through concussion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.071452140808105, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "Twenty years later, the barber has escaped from his care-home to return to the ghetto, now governed by Schultz, who has been promoted in the Tomainian regime under the ruthless dictator Adenoid Hynkel, who looks like an identical twin of the barber (both played by Chaplin).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.1214563846588135, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "As Hynkel orders a purge of the Jews, Schultz protests about this new policy, and is jailed. He escapes to hide in the ghetto with the barber and his girlfriend Hannah. Stormtroopers search the ghetto, arresting Schultz and the barber, while Hannah and her family escape to freedom in Osterlich (Austria). But after a failed attempt to ally with Napaloni (Mussolini), Hynkel invades Osterlich. The Jewish family is trapped under his regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.700119972229004, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Escaping from the camp in stolen uniforms, Schultz and the barber, dressed as Hynkel, arrive at the Osterlich frontier, where a huge parade is waiting to be addressed by Hynkel. Hynkel is mistaken for the barber while out duck-shooting in civilian clothes, and is arrested. Schultz tells the barber to go up to the platform and pretend to be Hynkel, as the only way to save their lives once they reach Osterlich's capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36902904510498, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "The terrified barber mounts the steps, but is inspired to seize the initiative. Announcing that he (apparently Hynkel) has had a change of heart, he makes an impassioned plea for brotherhood and goodwill. He addresses a message of hope to Hannah, in case she can hear him. Look up, Hannah. The soul of man has been given wings, and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow — into the light of hope, into the future, the glorious future that belongs to you, to me, and to all of us. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.234979629516602, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Tomainia", "passage": "*Paulette Goddard as Hannah, the Barber's neighbor. She lives in the ghetto next to the barber shop. She supports the Barber against the Tomainian Stormtroopers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.35489273071289, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Reginald Gardiner as Commander Schultz, a Tomainian who fought in World War I, who commands soldiers in the 1930s. He has his troops abstain from attacking Jews, but is arrested by Hynkel, after which he becomes a loyal ally to the Barber. He later leads the invasion of Osterlich and helps the Barber to become Fuhrer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.009479522705078, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Henry Daniell as Garbitsch, a parody of Joseph Goebbels, and Hynkel's loyal Secretary of the Interior and Minister of Propaganda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.81849193572998, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Billy Gilbert as Herring, a parody of Hermann Göring, and Hynkel's Minister of War. He supervises demonstrations of newly developed weapons, which tend to fail and annoy Hynkel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.221749305725098, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "*Grace Hayle as Madame Napaloni, the wife of Benzino who later dances with Hynkel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.429898262023926, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "According to Jürgen Trimborn's biography of Nazi propaganda film-maker Leni Riefenstahl, both Chaplin and French film-maker René Clair viewed Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will together at a showing at the New York Museum of Modern Art. Film maker Luis Buñuel reports that Clair was horrified by the power of the film, crying out that this should never be shown or the West was lost. Chaplin, on the other hand, laughed uproariously at the film. He used it to inspire many elements of The Great Dictator, and by repeatedly viewing this film, Chaplin could closely mimic Hitler's mannerisms.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.22782376408576965, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Trimborn suggests that Chaplin decided to proceed with making The Great Dictator after viewing Riefenstahl's film. Hynkel's rally speech near the beginning of the film, delivered in German-sounding gibberish, is a caricature of Hitler's oratory style, which Chaplin also studied carefully in newsreels. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.842834949493408, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Critics who view the barber as different include Stephen Weissman, whose book Chaplin: A Life speaks of Chaplin \"abandoning traditional pantomime technique and his little tramp character\". DVD reviewer Mark Bourne asserts Chaplin's stated position: \"Granted, the barber bears more than a passing resemblance to the Tramp, even affecting the familiar bowler hat and cane. But Chaplin was clear that the barber is not the Tramp and The Great Dictator is not a Tramp movie.\" The Scarecrow Movie Guide also views the barber as different. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.08106778562068939, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Annette Insdorf, in her book Indelible Shadows: Film and the Holocaust (2003), writes that \"There was something curiously appropriate about the little tramp impersonating the dictator, for by 1939 Hitler and Chaplin were perhaps the two most famous men in the world. The tyrant and the tramp reverse roles in The Great Dictator, permitting the eternal outsider to address the masses...\" In The 50 Greatest Jewish Movies (1998), Kathryn Bernheimer writes, \"What he chose to say in The Great Dictator, however, was just what one might expect from the Little Tramp. Film scholars have often noted that the Little Tramp resembles a Jewish stock figure, the ostracized outcast, an outsider...\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.63375997543335, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "Several reviewers of the late 20th century describe The Little Tramp as developing into the Jewish barber. In Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s, Thomas Schatz writes of \"Chaplin's Little Tramp transposed into a meek Jewish barber\", while, in Hollywood in Crisis: Cinema and American Society, 1929-1939, Colin Shindler writes, \"The universal Little Tramp is transmuted into a specifically Jewish barber whose country is about to be absorbed into the totalitarian empire of Adenoid Hynkel.\" Finally, in A Distant Technology: Science Fiction Film and the Machine Age, J. P. Telotte writes that \"The little tramp figure is here reincarnated as the Jewish barber\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4687018394470215, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The film was Chaplin's first true talking picture and helped shake off criticism of Luddism following his previous release, the mostly dialogue-free Modern Times (1936), after the silent era had all but ended in the late 1920s. The Great Dictator does feature several silent scenes more in keeping with Chaplin's previous films. Some audiences had come to expect Chaplin to make silent films even during the sound era.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.061135292053223, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "In 1997, The Great Dictator was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.141730308532715, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin biographer Jeffrey Vance concludes his lengthy examination of the film, in his book Chaplin: Genius of the Cinema, by asserting the film's importance among the great celluloid satires. Vance writes, \"Chaplin's 'The Great Dictator' survives as a masterful integration of comedy, politics, and satire. It stands as Chaplin's most self-consciously political work and the cinema's first important satire.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.536938667297363, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynckel", "passage": "James L. Neibaur has noted that among the many parallels that Chaplin noted between his own life and Hitler's was an affinity for Wagner's music. Chaplin's appreciation for Wagner has been noted in studies of the director's use of film music. Many commentators have noted Chaplin's use of Wagner's Lohengrin prelude when Hynckel dances with the globe-balloon. Chaplin repeated use of the Lohengrin prelude near the conclusion, when the exiled Hannah listens to the Jewish barber's speech celebrating democracy and freedom. The music is interrupted during the dictator's dance but it is heard to complete and climax in the barber's pro-democracy speech.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1402392387390137, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Chaplin's half-brother Sydney directed and starred in a 1921 film called King, Queen, Joker in which, like Chaplin, he played the dual role of a barber and ruler of a country which is about to be overthrown. More than twenty years later, in 1947, Charles Chaplin was sued over alleged plagiarism with The Great Dictator. Yet, apparently, neither the suing party nor Chaplin himself brought up his own brother's King, Queen, Joker of the silent era. The case, Bercovici v. Chaplin, was settled, with Chaplin paying Konrad Bercovici $95,000. Bercovici claimed that he had created ideas such as Chaplin playing a dictator and a dance with a globe, and that Chaplin had discussed his five-page outline for a screenplay with him for several hours. But Chaplin insisted in his autobiography that he had been the sole writer of the movie's script. He agreed to a settlement, because of his \"unpopularity in the States at that moment and being under such court pressure, [he] was terrified, not knowing what to expect next.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.643781661987305, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great Dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Final Speech from The Great Dictator", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5323486328125, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Final speech from The Great Dictator Copyright © Roy Export S.A.S. All rights reserved", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.076615810394287, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : The Great Dictator's Speech" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.331814765930176, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "Dictator Adenoid Hynkel tries to expand his empire while a poor Jewish barber tries to avoid persecution from Hynkel's regime.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.815432071685791, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Title: The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8519387245178223, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "Twenty years after the end of WWI in which the nation of Tomainia was on the losing side, Adenoid Hynkel has risen to power as the ruthless dictator of the country. He believes in a pure Aryan state, and the decimation of the Jews. This situation is unknown to a simple Jewish-Tomainian barber who has since been hospitalized the result of a WWI battle. Upon his release, the barber, who had been suffering from memory loss about the war, is shown the new persecuted life of the Jews by many living in the Jewish ghetto, including a washerwoman named Hannah, with whom he begins a relationship. The barber is ultimately spared such persecution by Commander Schultz, who he saved in that WWI battle. The lives of all Jews in Tomainia are eventually spared with a policy shift by Hynkel himself, who is doing so for ulterior motives. But those motives include a want for world domination, starting with the invasion of neighboring Osterlich, which may be threatened by Benzino Napaloni, the dictator ... Written by Huggo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.470049858093262, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "The film is obviously a satire on Adolf Hitler , represented by Adenoid Hynkel, and its story is based on Hynkel looking exactly like \"a Jewish barber\": both are played by Charles Chaplin . But it begins with a notice: \"Any resemblance between Hynkel the dictator and the Jewish barber is purely co-incidental\". See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3194220066070557, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Final Speech (From \"The Great Dictator\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.0171396732330322, "source": "search", "title": "Final Speech (From \"The Great Dictator\") - Single by ..." }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940)[ edit ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.986201286315918, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Hynkel, the dictator, ruled the nation with an iron fist. Under the new emblem of the double cross, liberty was banished, free speech was suppressed and only the voice of Hynkel was heard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.480531215667725, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Adenoid Hynkel", "passage": "In which Chaplin plays the roles of \"Adenoid Hynkel\", the dictator of Tomania, and \"A Jewish Barber\" the hero of the tale", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.463911056518555, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Hynkel, the dictator, ruled the nation with an iron fist. Under the new emblem of the double cross, liberty was banished, free speech was suppressed and only the voice of Hynkel was heard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.480531215667725, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "[Hynkel addressing the crowds, referring to his colleagues: clearly modelled upon Göring and Goebbels]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.346470832824707, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Hynkel: Herring shouldn smelten fine from Garbitsch, und Garbitsch shouldn smelten fine from Herring. Herring und Garbitsch... [He clasps his hands together]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.297588348388672, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "Closing speech of the Jewish barber, after being mistaken for Hynkel. - Full text, video and audio online at American Rhetoric", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.504919052124023, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Hilarity ensues. No, really — it does. Chaplin’s film is filled with brilliant slapstick, and his wonderfully exaggerated portrayal of the preening, insane Hynkel, often speaking a kind of nonsensical mock-German, is immortal. Hynkel’s speeches are more than just silly bits of humor, however. As Kevin Brownlow and Michael Kloft’s excellent documentary, The Tramp and the Dictator (available on Criterion’s gorgeous edition of The Great Dictator ), notes, Hitler and Chaplin had strangely parallel lives, and both had unique relationships with the coming of sound motion pictures. Chaplin had risen to fame as a silent-movie star, and while his early sound films like Modern Times used audio effects brilliantly, the Tramp never spoke. Hitler, for his part, was known for his speeches, but looked ridiculous in silent newsreels, where his exaggerated mannerisms played more to laughs. When Germans could finally see and hear him at the same time, Hitler’s onscreen presence had a powerful — and to some, chilling — effect.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.7271136045455933, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator, which would be the first time audiences heard the Little Tramp speak, toys with this idea: Hynkel’s voice, heard over loudspeakers in ghetto streets, is terrifying, though it speaks nonsense. When you actually see him, with Chaplin going to town with his wild gestures, the effect is more comical. The film both ridicules the Hitler figure and explores just what it is that makes him so compelling and frightening. The film reclaims that power at the end, however, as Hynkel’s speeches give way to an infamously earnest monologue from the writer-director-star, looking straight into the camera and effectively speaking as himself, proclaiming that “the misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed — the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress.” It’s a speech that’s less a rallying cry for war than an appeal for universal brotherhood. Nevertheless, at the time the film came out, the speech was heralded by many as a plea for U.S. intervention in Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.7838053703308105, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "But in 1938, when Chaplin announced that he was setting forth to make The Great Dictator, Hollywood was extremely wary of picking sides in the approaching war. Studios deliberately shied away from commenting on events in Europe and made it a point to take out any material that could be construed as overtly supporting U.S. intervention. Part of it was due to financial relationships they had with the German film market. Part of it was a fear of very vocal isolationists in the U.S. Studio heads also worried that they would themselves become the targets of anti-Semitic attacks if they pressed too hard for war. In his excellent new book, Five Came Back: A Story of Hollywood and the Second World War, Mark Harris describes the tension in Hollywood thus:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.642543315887451, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Ironically, the director’s deliberate pace with preparation and shooting — The Great Dictator was in production for almost 600 days — meant that, by the time the film premiered in 1940, the world had changed quite a bit. As Chaplin himself tells it in his autobiography:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.7640509605407715, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "Half-way through making The Great Dictator I began receiving alarming messages from United Artists. They had been advised by the Hays Office that I would run into censorship trouble. Also the English office was very concerned about an anti-Hitler picture and doubted whether it could be shown in Britain. But I was determined to go ahead, for Hitler must be laughed at…More worrying letters came from the New York office imploring me not to make the film, declaring it would never be shown in England or America. But I was determined to make it, even if I had to hire halls myself to show it…Before I had finished The Dictator England declared war on the Nazis… Then suddenly the holocaust began: the break-through in Belgium, the collapse of the Maginot Line, the stark and ghastly fact of Dunkirk -- and France was occupied. The news was growing gloomier. England was fighting with her back to the wall. Now our New York office was wiring frantically; “Hurry up with your film, everyone is waiting for it.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.33624267578125, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator was one of Chaplin’s biggest hits, and its reputation is secure today, but many still find its final earnestness hard to stomach. (Critics at the time were somewhat divided, too.) But it’s hard not to be enormously moved by this film — by its humor and its exceedingly personal, almost intimate quality. There’s something else to it, too. Its use of counterpoint still hasn’t lost any of its force. Consider the sight of Chaplin’s Jewish barber, comically eluding the cops, as he had done in so many films for decades, while Hynkel’s voice is heard overhead, railing against the Jews. It’s a David-versus-Goliath symbol for the machine age, the little man fleeing the ever-growing, all-consuming power of technology and automation. The Tramp is a Jew; the cops have become storm-troopers; the movies speak. The texture of Chaplin’s cinema, and its relationship to modern life, changes before our eyes; his entire filmography gains a renewed resonance and power. Its objects of ridicule may be long gone, but this movie will never die.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.79341459274292, "source": "search", "title": "The Complicated Tale of Chaplin’s Great Dictator -- Vulture" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "About “The Great Dictator Speech”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.5986549854278564, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin – The Great Dictator Speech | Genius" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "In his first speaking role, Charlie Chaplin makes one of the most moving and thought-provoking speeches in cinematic history. The Great Dictator, a movie written, produced, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin, premiered on October 15, 1940, while the United States was still promoting appeasement with Nazi Germany.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.823441505432129, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin – The Great Dictator Speech | Genius" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "\"The Great Dictator Speech\" Track Info", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.304234117269516, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin – The Great Dictator Speech | Genius" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.9058425426483154, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : the great dictator" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "A barber wounded during the First World War returns home after 20 years within hospital walls. His shop has grown full of cobwebs and dust, but it is the hateful graffiti on his shop window that takes him totally by surprise. Hynkel, the tyrannical dictator, and his henchmen persecute the barber, as well as the rest of the Jewish community, including the beautiful Hannah… A visionary satire that marked history, just as history itself left its mark on the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352948188781738, "source": "search", "title": "Charlie Chaplin : the great dictator" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940) - Quotes - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8975987434387207, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator (1940)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.655689239501953, "source": "search", "title": "The Great Dictator (1940) - Quotes - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator, 1940", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.299135208129883, "source": "search", "title": "Satirizing dictators is nothing new — just ask Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Hynkel", "passage": "\"He plays Hynkel as an egomaniacal buffoon who seeks world domination,\" says reviewer and film historian Leonard Maltin. \"And in a very famous scene [he] toys with the giant globe of the world that's a balloon.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.921956062316895, "source": "search", "title": "Satirizing dictators is nothing new — just ask Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "The Great Dictator was a box office success. \"It may well have been cathartic for people to go to the movies and be able to laugh at your enemy,\" Maltin says. \"Laugh in his face, as it were.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.014082431793213, "source": "search", "title": "Satirizing dictators is nothing new — just ask Charlie Chaplin" }, { "answer": "Great Dictator", "passage": "But Chaplin wasn't the first to lampoon the Führer; several months before The Great Dictator, the Three Stooges made fun of him in their comedy short You Nazty Spy!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.654378890991211, "source": "search", "title": "Satirizing dictators is nothing new — just ask Charlie Chaplin" } ]

[ { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Of Vaughan Williams's works from the 1950s, Grove makes particular mention of Three Shakespeare Songs (1951) for unaccompanied chorus, the Christmas cantata Hodie (1953–4), the Violin Sonata, and, most particularly, the Ten Blake Songs (1957) for voice and oboe, \"a masterpiece of economy and precision\". Unfinished works from the decade were a cello concerto and a new opera, Thomas the Rhymer. The predominant works of the 1950s were his three last symphonies. The seventh—officially unnumbered, and titled Sinfonia antartica—divided opinion; the score is a reworking of music Vaughan Williams had written for the 1948 film Scott of the Antarctic, and some critics thought it not truly symphonic. The Eighth, though wistful in parts, is predominantly lighthearted in tone; it was received enthusiastically at its premiere in 1956, given by the Hallé Orchestra under the dedicatee, Sir John Barbirolli. The Ninth, premiered at a Royal Philharmonic Society concert conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent in April 1958, puzzled critics with its sombre, questing tone, and did not immediately achieve the recognition it later gained.", "precise_score": 0.6575403213500977, "rough_score": 4.0250067710876465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ralph Vaughan Williams" }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Sir John Barbirolli’s affinity with the music of Ralph Vaughan Williams was formed in his teens when he heard Gervase Elwes sing On Wenlock Edge. But it was from 1943, when he became conductor of the Hallé Orchestra in Manchester, that he developed into one of the composer’s favourite interpreters of the symphonies. Vaughan Williams described him as ‘one of those wizards who can take the dry bones of crotchets and quavers and breathe into them the breath of life’.", "precise_score": 3.0784573554992676, "rough_score": 4.3987812995910645, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "The first CD in this set has performances from a concert in Lugano, in the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland, not far from the border with Italy, made during a tour conductor and orchestra undertook in 1961; it features the Symphony No.8 by Vaughan Williams, with the rest of the programme music obviously more familiar to the audiences, music with which they could more readily judge the orchestra from Manchester, alongside Barbirolli’s own Elizabethan Suite, which the conductor had compiled and orchestrated from music by the English Tudor composers William Byrd, John Bull, Giles Farnaby – and ‘Anon’. As with Barbirolli’s earlier Suite for Strings, arrangements of pieces by Henry Purcell, this work clearly possessed affection for the conductor-arranger, for he recorded it commercially on no fewer than three occasions throughout his career. This was followed by Rimsky-Korsakov’s Capriccio Espagnol and an encore – Chabrier’s España – works that, for the audience, were well-known and lighter in vein than the unfamiliar Vaughan Williams symphony.", "precise_score": 3.6923623085021973, "rough_score": 2.894260883331299, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "All the composer's major works and many of the minor ones have been recorded. There have been numerous complete LP and CD sets of the nine symphonies, beginning with Boult's Decca cycle of the 1950s, most of which was recorded in the composer's presence. Although rarely staged, the operas have fared well on disc. The earliest recording of a Vaughan Williams opera was Hugh the Drover, in an abridged version conducted by Sargent in 1924. Since the 1960s there have been stereophonic recordings of Hugh the Drover, Sir John in Love, Riders to the Sea, The Poisoned Kiss, and The Pilgrim's Progress.[http://www.worldcat.org/title/vaughan-williams-the-masterpieces-the-greatest-artists/oclc/229056470&refererbrief_results \"Vaughan Williams: The Collectors' Edition\"], WorldCat, retrieved 18 October 2015 Most of the orchestral recordings have been by British orchestras and conductors, but notable non-British conductors who have made recordings of Vaughan Williams's works include Herbert von Karajan, Leonard Bernstein, Leopold Stokowski, and, most frequently, André Previn, who conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in the first complete stereo cycle of the symphonies, recorded between 1967 and 1972. Among the British conductors most closely associated with Vaughan Williams's music on disc and in concert in the generations after Boult, Sargent and Barbirolli are Vernon Handley, Richard Hickox, Sir Mark Elder and Sir Andrew Davis. Record companies with extensive lists of Vaughan Williams recordings include EMI, Decca, Chandos, Hyperion and Naxos.March et al, pp. 1368–1386", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7408627271652222, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ralph Vaughan Williams" }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Hallé Orchestra , Sir John Barbirolli", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.662519454956055, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "But closest to his heart, perhaps, was A London Symphony, partly because it is the most warmly and colourfully scored of the nine and also because it enshrines the Edwardian London in which Barbirolli spent his boyhood. No one who was fortunate enough to be present will ever forget the wonderful performance he conducted at the Cheltenham Festival in July 1958, a month before Vaughan Williams died. At the rehearsal that morning I heard RVW say to Barbirolli: ‘Do you know John, I wish I could score now like I scored then. I seemed to get a richer sound—don’t quite know how.’ On 2 May 1956, in Manchester, Barbirolli conducted the first performance of the Eighth Symphony in D minor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5919231176376343, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "The composer dedicated the work to him, and gave him the autograph full score, which he inscribed with the words, ‘For Glorious John, with love and admiration from Ralph’. Barbirolli had been rehearsing the work since the start of the year, and when Vaughan Williams went to Manchester in February to hear a play-through he found that the performance was already prepared. During rehearsals for the première, a friend commented on the effectiveness of the slight pause Barbirolli made after each of the variations in the first movement and suggested that they should be indicated in the score. ‘No,’ Vaughan Williams replied, ‘everyone else will make them too long. John does them just right, and how can I indicate what he does?’ The scoring of the Eighth may not have the Edwardian richness of A London Symphony but it has a kaleidoscopic brilliance remarkable as the work of an octogenarian. Although in some ways the slightest of the nine, the work is too easily underrated. The recording heard here was made a month after the first performance and therefore does not contain the extra cymbal clash which Vaughan Williams added to the first movement at a later date.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6186265349388123, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Hallé Orchestra , Sir John Barbirolli", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.662519454956055, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Yet Barbirolli’s choice of programme revealed his innate understanding of the Italianate character – the four works, paired into two groups of two (‘English’ and ‘Spanish’), have original and folk-like material at their heart (Rimsky-Korsakov’s Capriccio Espagnol also has a set of ‘variations’ within it), and share their composers’ individual use of orchestral colouration throughout – Vaughan Williams’s Eighth Symphony is certainly the most ‘colourful’ of his nine symphonies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8026129007339478, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Two days later, in the more northerly Swiss town of Berne, the Spanish character of Rimsky-Korsakov’s score was paired in concert with the Italian Symphony of Mendelssohn – and Barbirolli conducts a magnificent account of the music. In Barbirolli’s hands, the first movement is taken very fast indeed – but the Hallé is more than up to the task, delivering a jewel-like performance that sparkles from first bar to last.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.09016227722168, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Symphony No.8 is dedicated to Sir John Barbirolli and was premièred by the Hallé in 1956. It is the shortest and least serious of the symphonies and whilst not being without moments of somber mood, is generally light hearted in tone. It is has a more exotic instrumental colour, with an enhanced percussion section.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.44381332397461, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Hallé Orchestra & London Symphony Orchestra , Sir John Barbirolli", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.048457145690918, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Vaughan Williams – Symphony No.8 – ‘Live’ Recording Of The First Performance The Symphony No.8 was dedicated to Sir John Barbirolli, and, as with the ‘Antartica’ premiere, the first performance was remarkably fine, exciting the 83-year-old composer to write on the score ‘For Glorious John, with love and admiration from Ralph’.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.1608994007110596, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Perhaps the composer was somewhat uncertain regarding several aspects of the new work: at a rehearsal of the symphony, in February 1956, he approached the trumpets and asked ‘Is that all right for you? I haven’t written anything too difficult for you?’ ‘It’s all right, Dr Vaughan Williams,’ came the reply, ‘there’s nothing we can’t manage.’ Thankfully, we can hear on this preserved recording of the premiere, just what a magnificent first performance the work was given. Less than seven weeks later, Barbirolli and the Hallé inaugurated their new Pye Records contract with the first recording of the Symphony (available on SJB1021).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5455776453018188, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." }, { "answer": "Barbirolli", "passage": "Vaughan Williams’s Tuba Concerto is a magnificent composition – easily the finest such Concerto ever written; the recorded HMV performance, in this collection, is outstandingly good, but the work, fine as it is, does not seem to have inspired composers to write further for the genre, which has meant that the music has tended to be unjustly ignored. A similar fate has befallen another such work by Vaughan Williams – the Five Variants on ‘Dives and Lazarus’, composed for harp and string orchestra in 1939. The collection of his music on this CD demonstrates aspects not only of the composer but of the profound grasp of ‘Glorious John’ in Vaughan Williams’s varied means of expression, for not all conductors encompass the composer’s range as Barbirolli was able to do. Less challenging in their demands are two of Vaughan Williams’s best-known shorter orchestral works – the Overture to ‘The Wasps’ and the Fantasia on ‘Greensleeves’. All these recordings offer a lasting testimony to Barbirolli's total mastery as one of the greatest conductors Britain has ever produced.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.33173540234565735, "source": "search", "title": "Vaughan Williams: Symphony No. 8 in D minor on CD, SACD ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator", "precise_score": 0.533868670463562, "rough_score": -2.0831480026245117, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes", "precise_score": 1.527414083480835, "rough_score": 1.5156970024108887, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Television is just chewing gum for the eyes.", "precise_score": 0.8717958331108093, "rough_score": -0.27627551555633545, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "More than a decade later this figurative language was applied to another communication medium. In January 1955 Steven H. Scheur who was a well-known film critic visited the “book-lined New York apartment” of John Mason Brown who was a prominent theater critic. They discussed the quality of the programs broadcast on television. Brown applied the chewing-gum metaphor to TV: 2", "precise_score": 4.749043941497803, "rough_score": 1.8552297353744507, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Talk is cheap, the three decided, but conversation has a different price tag on it. “There must be mind in talk to make it conversation,” said Moderator Bryson. “Television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes,” said Critic Brown. “A conversation has to be more than just chewing gum or wastage.” Essayist Fadiman urged intellectual exercise.", "precise_score": 5.465836048126221, "rough_score": -1.5575045347213745, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "John Mason Brown’s quipper-snapper: “I heard someone (a young man of 17 but of great wisdom) define many television programs as being just so much chewing gum for the eyes.”", "precise_score": 5.05658483505249, "rough_score": 4.267423152923584, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "A dozen years ago, Critic John Mason Brown defined television as chewing gum for the eyes. Now the record industry has come up with bubble gum for the ears. Set to a chink-a-chink beat, bleated out with pep-rally fervor, it goes like this:", "precise_score": 7.635268211364746, "rough_score": 6.923184871673584, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Some television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.", "precise_score": 0.7635071277618408, "rough_score": -4.449554920196533, "source": "search", "title": "The critic is a man who prefers the indolence of ... by ..." }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes", "precise_score": 1.527414083480835, "rough_score": 1.5156970024108887, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Television is just chewing gum for the eyes.", "precise_score": 0.8717958331108093, "rough_score": -0.27627551555633545, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "More than a decade later this figurative language was applied to another communication medium. In January 1955 Steven H. Scheur who was a well-known film critic visited the “book-lined New York apartment” of John Mason Brown who was a prominent theater critic. They discussed the quality of the programs broadcast on television. Brown applied the chewing-gum metaphor to TV: 2", "precise_score": 4.749043941497803, "rough_score": 1.8552297353744507, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "The critic John Mason Brown once dubbed television ''chewing gum for the eyes.'' There's little harm in chewing gum. But a narcotic that may poison the mind against real scientific adventure threatens everyone. Malcolm W. Browne", "precise_score": 7.701837062835693, "rough_score": 7.424229621887207, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Some television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.", "precise_score": 0.7635071277618408, "rough_score": -4.449554920196533, "source": "search", "title": "Charm is a glow within a woman that casts a most ... by ..." }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "TV is chewing gum for the eyes .", "precise_score": 1.342566967010498, "rough_score": -0.828148365020752, "source": "search", "title": "Funny Chewing Quotes - Funny Quotes about Chewing" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Some television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.", "precise_score": 0.7635071277618408, "rough_score": -4.449554920196533, "source": "search", "title": "Funny Chewing Quotes - Funny Quotes about Chewing" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "Dear Quote Investigator: The most acerbic criticism I have heard directed at TV was attributed to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302330017089844, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Quote Investigator: The earliest evidence of this vivid metaphor located by QI appeared in a 1944 book by Henri Peyre who was a Professor of French at Yale University. In 1944 television sets were still very expensive, and the industry was immature in the U.S. The metaphor was applied to movies and radio broadcasts instead. Boldface has been added to excerpts: 1", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384946823120117, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "Although Brown is generally recognized as our most eminent theater essayist—Saturday Review of Literature—he confesses to a special partiality for TV news shows.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.190682411193848, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "“So much of TV seems to be chewing gum for the eyes. … TV desperately needs more self-reliance and pride in the medium.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4511213302612305, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "In June 1955 “Time” magazine wrote about a radio program called “Invitation to Learning” featuring three participants: critic John Mason Brown, essayist Clifton Fadiman and moderator Lyman Bryson. During the show Brown repeated his harsh characterization of TV: 3", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1964030265808105, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "“Some television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.8127851486206055, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "Frank Lloyd Wright’s definition, at a Chicago dinner: “TV is chewing gum for the eyes,” would be applauded by Clement Attlee, who explains his refusal to buy a TV set: “I don’t want it. I don’t like it. I won’t have it.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.283589839935303, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "CHICAGO: Definition of television from Frank Lloyd Wright: “Chewing gum for the eyes!”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.802402019500732, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "T V", "passage": "In October 1958 a writer in a West Virginia newspaper connected the saying to a manipulative press agent: 8", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.293564796447754, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Some poor press agent has succeeded in getting his client credit with saying: “Television is chewing gum for the eyes.” We’ll go along that. Especially the endless and tiresome series of adult and adolescent westerns that smoke up our screens nightly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.429676532745361, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "But Mr. Wright did not merely express an opinion; he threw off remarks like a porcupine shedding quills. His barbs struck home. One recalls the remark credited to him that television “is chewing gum for the eyes.” Surely this was ungrateful from a man who came over television with so unblurred and memorable an image.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.397170543670654, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "No TV addict was the late Frank Lloyd Wright. “Television,” was his dictum “is nothing more than chewing gum for the eyeballs.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.662188529968262, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "The late Frank Lloyd Wright on TV: “It’s only chewing gum for the eyes.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.316562652587891, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "It’s called idiot box, Cyclops, chewing gum for the mind, the mind-seduction machine, conversation killer, a wasteland and television.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.5672025680542, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "Fred Allen called TV chewing gum for the eyes. Although many people write me after a show and thank me for educating and stimulating them, my guess is that a larger number of people want TV to be a visual Muzak, a mind deadener.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.832039833068848, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "In conclusion, QI believes that Henri Peyre deserves credit for originating this striking metaphor by 1944. He applied it to movies and radio and not TV. By 1955 John Mason Brown adapted the metaphor to television. However, he did not credit himself with the coinage; instead, he ascribed to words to an unknown young person.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.749267578125, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "1957, Best Quotes of ’54 ’55 ’56, Compiled by James Beasley Simpson, Section: Radio and Television, Quote Page 233, (Quotation spoken by John Mason Brown is from interview dated July 28, 1955), Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York. (Verified on paper) ↩", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.956271171569824, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "1958 February 22, Chicago Daily Tribune, TV Ticker by Larry Wolters (TV Radio Editor), Quote Page C4, Chicago, Illinois. (ProQuest) ↩", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.353304862976074, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "T V", "passage": "1958 October 8, Charleston Gazette Wednesday, The Gazetteer by George Lawless , Quote Page 17, Column 1, Charleston, West Virginia. (NewpaperArchive) ↩", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.295954704284668, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "1961 August 20, Chicago Daily Tribune, Radio TV Gag Bag: Culled by Larry Wolters, Quote Page B19, Column 2, Chicago, Illinois. (ProQuest) ↩", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336437225341797, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "1962 July 1, Billings Gazette, The New Books: Writer Wonders if Television Has Lost Its Way Permanently Quote Page 6, Column 1, Billings, Montana. (NewspaperArchive) ↩", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.250572204589844, "source": "search", "title": "Television Is Chewing Gum for the Eyes | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "I'm in my 10th generation of TV critic now.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.23867130279541, "source": "search", "title": "The critic is a man who prefers the indolence of ... by ..." }, { "answer": "Tely", "passage": "You do not become a critic until it has been completely", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.185266494750977, "source": "search", "title": "The critic is a man who prefers the indolence of ... by ..." }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "The television critic, whatever his pretensions,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.393621444702148, "source": "search", "title": "The critic is a man who prefers the indolence of ... by ..." }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "Dear Quote Investigator: The most acerbic criticism I have heard directed at TV was attributed to the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.302330017089844, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Quote Investigator: The earliest evidence of this vivid metaphor located by QI appeared in a 1944 book by Henri Peyre who was a Professor of French at Yale University. In 1944 television sets were still very expensive, and the industry was immature in the U.S. The metaphor was applied to movies and radio broadcasts instead. Boldface has been added to excerpts: 1", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384946823120117, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "Although Brown is generally recognized as our most eminent theater essayist—Saturday Review of Literature—he confesses to a special partiality for TV news shows.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.190682411193848, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "“So much of TV seems to be chewing gum for the eyes. … TV desperately needs more self-reliance and pride in the medium.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4511213302612305, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Tely", "passage": "The best judges of the proper use or abuse of alcohol are medical men, who carefully note causes and effect. I would rather have personally observed facts than whole tomes of theories. In youth alcohol is of no benefit: it is harmful. In the aged it is a blessing, if used properly. Some one has said, “A man is a fool who drinks before he is fifty, and a blank fool who does not do so moderately thereafter.” Whiskey should be taken by the aged when overcome with fatigue and before taking food, as a tired man has a tired stomach; and a small portion of the stimulant will lift up the vitality and make good digestion possible.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.424281120300293, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "T V", "passage": "The Architect Can Only Advise His Client to Plant Vines", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.506820678710938, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "T V", "passage": "The doctor can bury his mistakes, but an architect can only advise his clients to plant vines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.517345428466797, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Tely", "passage": "Does this accurately depict Wright’s sense of humor or was it invented by someone else?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.280434608459473, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "T V", "passage": "11. Then go as far away as possible from home to build your first buildings. The physician can bury his mistakes,—but the architect can only advise his client to plant vines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.521249771118164, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Lloyd Wright | Quote Investigator" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.540059089660645, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.479804039001465, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Now, the University of Pennsylvania has looked beyond the White House study, asking whether television may be a factor in this potentially catastrophic decline.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510550498962402, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "A report by the university's Annenberg School of Communications states that commercial television may in fact be souring many Americans on science and scientists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.477862358093262, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "George Gerber, director of the Pennsylvania study, concluded that because of television, ''we may have a serious national problem blocking the way of better understanding and support of science.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384532928466797, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "The Pennsylvania survey assessed the attitudes of large samples of television watchers across the country, recording differences between men, women and children, and between various ethnic, economic and educational groups. The study also assessed some 1,400 television drama programs broadcast from 1969 to 1979 for content related to science and technology.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.484365463256836, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Looking at fictionalized television portrayals of scientists, the Pennsylvania group found them generally older, less romantically involved, more dangerous, more doomed to failure, less sociable, less attractive and shorter than other television characters.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36412239074707, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Among the groups with the highest overall confidence in science, the heavy television watchers clearly had a more negative view of science than those who spent less time watching the tube.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.361943244934082, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Paradoxically, the report said, ''every child and adult is exposed to more science-related material in dramatic form than any people in history.'' At least one hour of prime-time television entertainment each evening unambiguously involves science, the Annenberg survey found, but the exposure seems to make viewers uneasy about science.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.462562561035156, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Dr. Gerber did not propose remedies, and commercial television being what it is, it is hard to imagine things changing for the better. Networks must entertain or lose the rating race, and tinkering with scientific stereotypes - traditional fixtures of whodunits, horror flicks, animated cartoons and situation comedies - is a risky business.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.337451934814453, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Caution prevails even in the networks' occasional half-hearted experiments with serious science programming. The tone of network attitudes toward science was typified in a conversation this writer had with a senior television executive whose network was considering a prime-time science program.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.371305465698242, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "But in the end, even that sugar-coated attempt at prime-time science petered out. Public television, of course, regularly presents serious science programs that attract a small core of dedicated viewers. But the medium of the masses remains commercial television, whose stereotypical scientist is still uncomfortably reminiscent of Baron Frankenstein.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.34444522857666, "source": "search", "title": "TELEVISION BLOCKS THE VIEW - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Tely", "passage": "completely unrelated to everything that came before.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.300952911376953, "source": "search", "title": "Charm is a glow within a woman that casts a most ... by ..." }, { "answer": "Tely", "passage": "from age to age, nothing changes and yet everything is completely different.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.426128387451172, "source": "search", "title": "Charm is a glow within a woman that casts a most ... by ..." }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Over time, with television and jet travel,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.422642707824707, "source": "search", "title": "Charm is a glow within a woman that casts a most ... by ..." }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "It is to TV that I owe my freedom from bondage of the Latin lover roles.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.487812995910645, "source": "search", "title": "Funny Chewing Quotes - Funny Quotes about Chewing" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Television came along and gave me parts to chew on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.851552963256836, "source": "search", "title": "Funny Chewing Quotes - Funny Quotes about Chewing" }, { "answer": "TV", "passage": "I played the best role I've ever seen on TV or film in the last five years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.517369270324707, "source": "search", "title": "Positive Quotes by John Mason Brown - quotes-positive.com" }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "Some television programs are so much chewing gum for the eyes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.449558734893799, "source": "search", "title": "Masonry Quotes and Sayings - Quotes about Masonry" }, { "answer": "Tely", "passage": "Johnson and a half-dozen other experts in this country view misophonia as an “old brain” problem, likely located in the part of the cortex that processes emotion and that evolved long ago. “When people hear these sounds, they react with intense emotion,” she says. “It isn’t a higher cognitive function where you’re going, I don’t like white chocolate lattes. This is like a yellow jacket sting: You immediately slap, jump, run, and scream.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.379963874816895, "source": "search", "title": "Misophonia treatment: What If Chewing Sounds Ruined Your ..." }, { "answer": "Television", "passage": "In 2002, Jastreboff and his wife, Margaret, published a paper with the respected Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology that introduced the term “misophonia.” The condition still isn’t widely understood, and there are audiologists who prefer to lump it in with hyperacusis and other hearing disorders. Still, soft sound sensitivity is gradually getting wider recognition. In 2012, talk-show host Kelly Ripa came out on television as a sufferer. She told ABC News, “The sounds of swallowing and chewing make me insane.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.995892524719238, "source": "search", "title": "Misophonia treatment: What If Chewing Sounds Ruined Your ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "Whistle Down the Wind is a musical with music composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber, who also co-wrote its book with Patricia Knop and Gale Edwards, and its lyrics were written by Jim Steinman. It is based on the 1961 film Whistle Down the Wind, whose source novel of the same name was written by Mary Hayley Bell in 1959.", "precise_score": 10.267118453979492, "rough_score": 10.453991889953613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Whistle Down the Wind (musical)" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "Andrew Lloyd's new musical Whistle Down The Wind in London featuring lyrics by Jim Steinman. Based on the original novel by Mary Hayley Bell and the film produced by Richard Attenborough and directed by Bryan Forbes from a screenplay by Keith Water house and Willis Hall. Adapted for the stage by Patricia Knop and Gale Edwards and directed by Gale Edwards with designs by Peter J. Davison. The original cast featured Lottie Mayor as 'Swallow' and Marcus Lovett as 'the Man'.", "precise_score": 8.237879753112793, "rough_score": 9.729432106018066, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down The Wind Musical London theatre stage show" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "Now, playing at the Union Theatre , is the London professional premiere of Russell Labey and Richard Taylor’s version of Whistle Down The Wind, based on Mary Hayley Bell’s book and the successful film adapted from it, upon which the moderately successful Lloyd Webber musical (which has had several incarnations) of the same name was also based.", "precise_score": 8.389104843139648, "rough_score": 8.474526405334473, "source": "search", "title": "REVIEW: Whistle Down The Wind, Union Theatre" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.142653465270996, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down the Wind Tickets | Broadway | Broadway.com" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England to rural Louisiana in 1959. Kids discover a man in their barn. He's ill and before he passes out, they ask his name: Jesus Christ, he says, and they believe him and so determine to hide him. In fact, he is a murderer. A mob gathers to find the man. Swallow wants him to be the Christ in the hope he can bring her dead mother back to life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2079360485076904, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down the Wind Tickets | Broadway | Broadway.com" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "A musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell (mother of Hayley Mills, who starred in the movie). The setting has been moved from England to rural Louisiana in 1959. Kids discover a man in their barn. He's ill and before he passes out, they ask his name: Jesus Christ, he says, and they believe him and so determine to hide him. In fact, he is a murderer. A mob gathers to find the man. Swallow wants him to be the Christ in the hope he can bring her dead mother back to life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2079360485076904, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down the Wind | Story | Broadway.com" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "\"There are those whose heart's cockles are warmed by the sound of many children singing at the same time and there are those who want to leave the room - or in my case the Palace Theatre where Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical abomination Whistle Down the Wind has been revived. This is a nauseating and creepy adaptation of Mary Hayley Bell's cockle-warming, sinister 1958 novel. Dogged professionalism aside, only the shiny, happy face of my companion, my own child, kept me in my seat... The performances are all good and conscientious, and the songs, even the ones sung by many children at the same time, are forgivable. Turning this classic story of a childhood fantasy into one of teenage angst, however, is not.\" The Sunday Telegraph", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.9292755126953125, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down The Wind Musical London theatre stage show" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "\"Whistle Down the Wind arrives at the Aldwych much transformed from the Mary Hayley Bell novel and Bryan Forbes movie on which it is based. Lloyd Webber rightly argues that Bible-belt Louisiana is a more convincing setting than rural Britain for a Christmas-time story that turns on the touching faith of children in a second coming that will heal their damaged lives... While Swallow loves Jesus, the man (or beast) in him is inevitably erotically attracted to her. But nobody connected with the show, not Lloyd Webber, nor his lyricist Jim Steinman, nor Edwards, dares push this conflict far enough to make it dramatically interesting. It may be that this is just too dangerous for a commercial musical, but it stops the show from being grown-up...Lloyd Webber has ducked a genuine confrontation between two kinds of love, two kinds of desire, and, as with his music, has given us something that has the appearance, but not the substance, of the real thing. Like the fugitive, he disappears without trace. Swallow and the children take some comfort from this, treating the absence of their Jesus as confirmation that one day he will reappear. Fans of Andrew Lloyd Webber may find it a convenient parable: that so long as we keep faith, one day the genius will become manifest. It remains an unanswered prayer.\" The Sunday Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.3668389320373535, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down The Wind Musical London theatre stage show" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "\"Despite being reworked for London, Whistle Down the Wind proves a more obstinate beast - a dramatic dinosaur oddly out of time and out of tune with the theatre of today. Lloyd Webber has transposed Mary Hayley Bell's novel from its chilly original setting in the north of England to a God-fearing community of simple farming folk in Fifties Louisiana... Yet despite the change of location, we're still in Lloyd Webber-land. Here, amazingly, the Baptist minister and his wife boogie alongside the slappers and drunks in the local bar, and otherwise bigoted, red-necked Southerners overlook the racial apartheid laws. This is even less plausible than the main story, which depends on a huge leap of faith and a major case of mistaken identity: Jesus Christ Superstar meets Martin Guerre ... The real problem, though, is a plot so predictable that the show's creators frantically attempt to find dramatic interest elsewhere. The songs should do it, but the score is a lost opportunity, with lots of very Seventies-sounding rock, too little blues or gospel and no showstopper on the scale of ' Memory '... Dramatically, the second half is stronger as the hunters close in on the convict. But the only genuine moment of drama, in a generally underwhelming show, is the duet between Swallow and 'Jesus', when Swallow discovers that her devotion has an erotic edge, and 'Jesus' wrestles with his inner demons again and releases her with a chaste kiss. In Lloyd Webber-land, good always triumphs over evil. Where the show succeeds is in its special effects. Trouble is, you can't whistle the scenery.\" The Mail on Sunday", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.3230245113372803, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down The Wind Musical London theatre stage show" }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "Based on the novel by Mary Hayley Bell and subsequent Richard Attenborough-produced film, Whistle Down the Wind follows the fortunes of a fugitive caught between the prejudice of adults and the innocence of the young. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Jim Steinman, together with Patricia Knop and Gale Edwards (co-book writers with Andrew Lloyd Webber) reset the original story in Louisiana in 1959. Whistle Down the Wind revolves around the time and place where the word teenager was invented. Swallow, a 15 year-old-girl growing up in America’s deep South in the fifties, discovers a mysterious man hiding out in a barn. When she asks who he is and the first words he utters are “Jesus Christ”, it’s as if all her prayers have been answered. Swallow and the town’s other children vow to protect the stranger from the world that waits outside – the townspeople who are determined to catch a fugitive hiding it their midst. As fantasy and reality collide, Swallow is torn between the two and begins to discover who she is and where she is going. Andrew Lloyd Webber’s emotive score combines hauntingly beautiful love songs and explosive rock music with lyrics by acclaimed rock’n'roll songwriter Jim Steinman. The score contrasts the relentless influence of the modern world with the traditional values of the old days – something which the community at the heart of Whistle Down the Wind yearns to return to. After successfully playing at the Aldwych Theatre in London for over two years, Whistle Down the Wind undertook two UK tours as well as touring the USA from 2007-2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.831357479095459, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down The Wind (Andrew Lloyd Webber) :: Rodgers ..." }, { "answer": "Mary Hayley Bell", "passage": "It’s easy to see the appeal of the basic conceit: Bryan Forbes’ Lancashire-set 1961 English film (based on Mary Hayley Bell’s novella) transposed to the God-fearing rural American South of 1959, a land of ready-made revivalism and thwarted sexuality.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.106132507324219, "source": "search", "title": "Whistle Down the Wind | Variety" } ]

[ { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "Sir Frederick Ashton, in full Sir Frederick William Mallandaine Ashton (born September 17, 1904, Guayaquil , Ecuador —died August 18, 1988, Sussex , England ), principal choreographer and director of England’s Royal Ballet , the repertoire of which includes about 30 of his ballets.", "precise_score": 8.689352035522461, "rough_score": 8.601990699768066, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Frederick Ashton | British choreographer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "Hello to all Ashtons around the world. I am lloking for all genealogical information available on the ASHTON family branches of Perú, Bolivia and Ecuador, and tracing their family roots back to England. My wife is María Gracia Fonseca Ashton, great grand niece of the famous English Choreographer and ballet dancer Sir Frederick ASHTON, who was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, on September 17, 1904, and died in Sussex, England, in August 18, 1988. His parents were: George ASHTON, born in England, who died in Perú in 1922, and Georgiana Fulcher. There is some information about them in the following web page: http://members.shaw.ca/mallandaine/h21.html http://members.shaw.ca/mallandaine/h21.html", "precise_score": 7.044686794281006, "rough_score": 7.1640472412109375, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Frederick Ashton - Genealogy.com" }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "Ashton was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, the fourth of the five children of George Ashton (1864–1924) and his second wife, Georgiana (1869–1939), née Fulcher. George Ashton was manager of the Central and South American Cable Company and vice-consul at the British embassy in Guayaquil.Walker, Kathrine Sorley, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/39922 \"Ashton, Sir Frederick William Mallandaine (1904–1988)\"], Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 31 March 2013 In 1907 the family moved to Lima, Peru, where Ashton attended a Dominican school. When they returned to Guayaquil in 1914, he attended a school for children of the English colony. One of his formative influences was serving as altar boy to the Roman Catholic Archbishop, which inspired in him a love of ritual. Another, still more potent, influence was being taken to see Anna Pavlova dance in 1917. He was immediately determined that he would become a dancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.457013130187988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Frederick Ashton" }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "Frederick Ashton was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador in 1904. He spent his early years in Lima, Peru. At age 13 he saw Anna Pavlova perform and from then on he knew he wanted to be a dancer (“She injected me with her poison and there was an end of me”). A year later he was sent to boarding school at Dover College in England but he would only start taking ballet lessons six years later. By the time he started training (in secret) with  Léonide Massine , the famous dancer & choreographer, Ashton was 20 years old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.293935775756836, "source": "search", "title": "One Step Closer - The Ballet Bag" }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "Ashton was born in Ecuador to British parents. He first saw ballet when Anna Pavlova performed in Lima in 1917, later claiming ‘from the end of that evening I wanted to dance’. In England Ashton was tutored by Leonid Massine and made his choreographic debut for Marie Rambert in 1926. After working with Rambert and Ida Rubinstein, in 1938 he was appointed principal choreographer of Vic-Wells Ballet (later The Royal Ballet) by Ninette de Valois. With De Valois Ashton played a crucial role in determining the course of the Company and The Royal Ballet School. In 1963 he took over from De Valois as Director of the Company and in addition to choreographing introduced several significant works, including Bronislava Nijinska’s Les Noces and George Balanchine’s Serenade, and commissioned Kenneth MacMillan’sRomeo and Juliet. He retired in 1970 but continued to choreograph throughout his life, producing his last major work, Rhapsody, in 1980.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 6.17449951171875, "source": "search", "title": "Frederick Ashton - Choreographer - MariinskyKirov.com" }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "It's easy to forget that Frederick Ashton, founding genius of English ballet, was originally South American. The youngest of four boys, he was born in Guayaquil, Ecuador on 17 September l904, and brought up in Lima, Peru where his sister was born. Ashton's father, a businessman and vice-consul, was British, and so was his mother, who introduced her impressionable son to the airs and graces of belle epoque Lima. Images from childhood - the languorous sensuality of tango dancers at colonial tea dances, the swaying, ritualized walk of feast day processions - stayed with Ashton, infiltrating his choreography. His Roman Catholic schooling also found expression in his ballets. The ceremony and mystical potency of high mass influenced his timing of effects and climaxes, while the ecstatic, baroque indulgence of Spanish religion is obliquely sublimated in Symphonic Variations, his greatest and most life-affirming work. More crucially, it was an epiphanic experience in Lima that decided the 13 year old Ashton's destiny. This was a performance by Anna Pavlova that not only triggered his vocation to dance, but is the palimpsest behind every ballerina role he went on to create.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.85340690612793, "source": "search", "title": "Frederick Ashton Biography" }, { "answer": "Ecuador", "passage": "Ashton, Sir Frederick, 1904–88, British choreographer and dancer, b. Guayaquil, Ecuador. He grew up in Peru and was drawn to dance after seeing (1917) a performance by Anna Pavlova there. Traveling to London in the early 1920s, he studied dance with Léonide Massine and Marie Rambert , staged his first work there in 1926, and danced (1928) with Ida Rubinstein's experimental troupe in Paris. Ashton joined the Vic-Wells Ballet, later the Sadler's Wells Ballet (now the Royal Ballet ), in 1935 as chief choreographer, and later became associate director and then director of the company. Many of his ballets were created for its prima ballerina, Margot Fonteyn . Ashton is largely responsible for the elegantly reserved style of English classical dance, and his mature works are noted for their lyricism, quiet charm, wit, and precision. They include abstract ballets, such as Symphonic Variations (1946), Scènes de Ballet (1948), and Monotones (1965–66); short dramatic works, such as Daphnis and Chloë and Tiresias (both 1951); and full-length traditional story ballets, such as Cinderella (1948), Sylvia (1952), Ondine (1958), and The Dream (1964). His last major works as a choreographer were La Chatte Metamorphosée en Femme (1985) and Fanfare for Elizabeth (1986). He also appeared as a dancer in comedy and character roles. He was knighted in 1962.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.746779441833496, "source": "search", "title": "Sir Frederick Ashton - Infoplease" } ]

[ { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk: Frank Capra: 9780306807718: Books", "precise_score": 4.544807434082031, "rough_score": 6.627633571624756, "source": "search", "title": "The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk ..." }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Although Frank Capra (1897-1991) is best known as the director of It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Arsenic and Old Lace, and It's a Wonderful Life, he was also an award-winning documentary filmmaker as well as a behind-the-scenes force in the Director's Guild, the Motion Picture Academy, and the Producer's Guild. He worked with or knew socially everyone in the movie business from Mack Sennett, Chaplin, and Keaton in the silent era, through the illustrious names of the golden age. He directed Clark Gable, Jimmy Stewart, Cary Grant, Gary Cooper, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Jean Harlow, Claudette Colbert, Bette Davis, and others. Reading his autobiography is like having Capra sitting in your living room, regaling you with his anecdotes. In The Name Above the Title he reveals the deeply personal story of how, despite winning six Academy Awards, he struggled throughout his life against the glamors, vagaries, and frustrations of Hollywood for the creative freedom to make some of the most memorable films of all time.", "precise_score": 3.1435251235961914, "rough_score": 1.5800234079360962, "source": "search", "title": "The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk ..." }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Despair was what befell Frank Capra, personally, on the night of March 16, 1934, which he attended as one of the Best Director nominees for Lady for a Day (1933). Capra had caught Oscar fever, and in his own words, \"In the interim between the nominations and the final voting...my mind was on those Oscars.\" When Oscar host Will Rogers opened the envelope for Best Director, he commented, \"Well, well, well. What do you know. I've watched this young man for a long time. Saw him come up from the bottom, and I mean the bottom. It couldn't have happened to a nicer guy. Come on up and get it, Frank!\"", "precise_score": -8.000694274902344, "rough_score": -9.25155258178711, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "In the period 1934 to 1941, Capra the created the core of his canon with the classics It Happened One Night (1934), Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), You Can't Take It with You (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) and Meet John Doe (1941), wining three Best Director Oscars in the process. Some cine-historians call Capra the great American propagandist, he was so effective in creating an indelible impression of America in the 1930s. \"Maybe there never was an America in the thirties,\" John Cassavetes was quoted as saying. \"Maybe it was all Frank Capra.\"", "precise_score": -6.564943313598633, "rough_score": -8.653006553649902, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Frank Capra (1897--1991) directed many films in Hollywood, including It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, You Can't Take It with You, Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Arsenic and Old Lace, and It's a Wonderful Life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.394153594970703, "source": "search", "title": "The Name Above The Title: An Autobiography: Amazon.co.uk ..." }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.122232437133789, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Frank Capra", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.33054256439209, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "One of seven children, Frank Capra was born on May 18, 1897, in Bisacquino, Sicily. On May 10, 1903, his family left for America aboard the ship Germania, arriving in New York on May 23rd. \"There's no ventilation, and it stinks like hell. They're all miserable. It's the most degrading place you could ever be,\" Capra said about his Atlantic passage. \"Oh, it was awful, awful. It seems to always be storming, raining like hell and very windy, with these big long rolling Atlantic waves. Everybody was sick, vomiting. God, they were sick. And the poor kids were always crying.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.808697700500488, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Lou Capra", "passage": "Cohn decided to stick with Capra (he was ultimately delighted at the picture and gave Capra a $1,500 bonus and upped his per-picture salary), and in 1928, Cohn raised his salary again, now to to $3,000 per picture after he made several successful pictures, including Submarine (1928). The Younger Generation (1929), the first of a series of films with higher budgets to be directed by Capra, would prove to be his first sound film, when scenes were reshot for dialogue. In the summer of that year, he was introduced to a young widow, Lucille Warner Reyburn (who became Capra's second wife Lou Capra ). He also met a transplanted stage actress, Barbara Stanwyck , who had been recruited for the talkie but had been in three successive unsuccessful films and wanted to return to the New York stage. Harry Cohn wanted Stanwyck to appear in Capra's planned film, Ladies of Leisure (1930), but the interview with Capra did not go well, and Capra refused to use her.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.959653854370117, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Capra reunited with Stanwyck and produced his first universally acknowledged classic, The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933), a film that now seems to belong more to the oeuvre of Josef von Sternberg than it does to Frank Capra. With \"General Yen,\" Capra had consciously set out to make a movie that would win Academy Awards. Frustrated that the innovative, timely, and critically well-received American Madness (1932) had not received any recognition at the Oscars (particularly in the director's category in recognition of his innovations in pacing), he vented his displeasure to Columbia boss Cohn.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.60229778289795, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Despair often shows itself in Capra films, and although in his post-\"General Yen\" work, the final reel wraps things up in a happy way, until that final reel, there is tragedy, cynicism, heartless exploitation, and other grim subject matter that Capra's audiences must have known were the truth of the world, but that were too grim to face when walking out of a movie theater. When pre-Code movies were rediscovered and showcased across the United States in the 1990s, they were often accompanied by thesis about how contemporary audiences \"read\" the films (and post-1934 more Puritanical works), as the movies were not so frank or racy as supposed. There was a great deal of signaling going on which the audience could read into, and the same must have been true for Capra's films, giving lie to the fact that he was a sentimentalist with a saccharine view of America. There are few films as bitter as those of Frank Capra before the final reel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.880478858947754, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "The labor battles between the guilds and the studios would continue until the late 1930s, and by the time Frank Capra was elected president of the Academy in 1935, the post was an unenviable one. The Screen Directors Guild was formed at King Vidor's house on January 15, 1936, and one of its first acts was to send a letter to its members urging them to boycott the Academy Awards ceremony, which was three days away. None of the guilds had been recognized as bargaining agents by the studios, and it was argued to grace the Academy Awards would give the Academy, a company union, recognition. Academy membership had declined to 40 from a high of 600, and Capra believed that the guilds wanted to punish the studios financially by depriving them of the good publicity the Oscars generated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.040489196777344, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "By the 1937 awards ceremony, SAG signaled its pleasure that the Academy had mostly stayed out of labor relations by announcing it had no objection to its members attending the awards ceremony. The ceremony was a success, despite the fact that the Academy had to charge admission due to its poor finances. Frank Capra had saved the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and he even won his second Oscar that night, for directing Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936). At the end of the evening, Capra announced the creation of the Irving Thalberg Memorial Award to honor \"the most consistent high level of production achievement by an individual producer.\" It was an award he himself was not destined to win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.491789817810059, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "After the United States went to war in December 1941, Frank Capra rejoined the Army and became an actual propagandist. His \"Why We Fight\" series of propaganda films were highly lauded for their remarkable craftsmanship and were the best of the U.S. propaganda output during the war. Capra's philosophy, which has been variously described as a kind of Christian socialism (his films frequently feature a male protagonist who can be seen a Christ figure in a story about redemption emphasizing New Testament values) that is best understood as an expression of humanism, made him an ideal propagandist. He loved his adopted country with the fervor of the immigrant who had realized the American dream. One of his propaganda films, The Negro Soldier (1944), is a milestone in race relations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39352035522461, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Frank Capra", "passage": "Father of Frank Capra Jr. (born March 20th 1934 - died December 19th 2007), John Capra (born April 24th 1935 - died August 23rd 1938), Lulu Capra (born September 16th 1937), and Tom Capra (born February 12th 1941). Family lived in Fallbrook, California, USA.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.135499000549316, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Capraesque", "passage": "Inspired the adjective \"Capraesque\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.354347229003906, "source": "search", "title": "Frank Capra - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Leadbelly (1885-1949) was an accomplished 12-string guitar player from the Texas-Louisiana border. During his violence-torn life, Leadbelly served four prison terms for assault. At one of his performances in prison, he was discovered by John Lomax, a Harvard-trained musicologist. Lomax introduced Leadbelly to American audiences of the 1930s and 1940s through his contacts and writings. Although Leadbelly never sold many records during his lifetime, he strongly influenced several generations of folk musicians.", "precise_score": 5.417275428771973, "rough_score": 6.282097816467285, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1933, a Harvard-trained expert on American folk music, John Lomax, was making his way through Southern prisons and recording musicians when he stopped at Angola and heard Leadbelly sing. Lomax made some preliminary recordings of Leadbelly's songs and returned months later with better recording equipment. Leadbelly recorded his \"Please Pardon Me\" song (now addressed to the governor of Louisiana) and \"Goodnight Irene.\" Although Leadbelly later maintained that he was pardoned because the Louisiana governor had been moved by his prison song, records indicate that he was released as a cost-saving measure.", "precise_score": 2.7007620334625244, "rough_score": 4.607705593109131, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Leadbelly arrived in New York on December 31, 1934, and quickly created a sensation with his physical scars and prison background. His musical tradition on the 12-string guitar went back decades to roots unfamiliar in New York. He was asked to perform at elite universities, where he frightened as much as entertained his audiences.", "precise_score": 5.463718414306641, "rough_score": 5.184044361114502, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "The fifty-one-year-old Leadbelly began serving his fourth prison sentence in 1939. By 1940, after serving eight months, he was released and back in New York City. About this time a folk music community was springing up in New York City which would achieve tremendous growth during and after World War II.", "precise_score": 2.3848445415496826, "rough_score": 2.8768322467803955, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Leadbelly (1885-1949) was an accomplished 12-string guitar player from the Texas-Louisiana border. During his violence-torn life, Leadbelly served four prison terms for assault. At one of his performances in prison, he was discovered by John Lomax, a Harvard-trained musicologist. Lomax introduced Leadbelly to American audiences of the 1930s and 1940s through his contacts and writings. Although Leadbelly never sold many records during his lifetime, he strongly influenced several generations of folk musicians.", "precise_score": 5.417275428771973, "rough_score": 6.282097816467285, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1933, a Harvard-trained expert on American folk music, John Lomax, was making his way through Southern prisons and recording musicians when he stopped at Angola and heard Leadbelly sing. Lomax made some preliminary recordings of Leadbelly's songs and returned months later with better recording equipment. Leadbelly recorded his \"Please Pardon Me\" song (now addressed to the governor of Louisiana) and \"Goodnight Irene.\" Although Leadbelly later maintained that he was pardoned because the Louisiana governor had been moved by his prison song, records indicate that he was released as a cost-saving measure.", "precise_score": 2.7007620334625244, "rough_score": 4.607705593109131, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Leadbelly arrived in New York on December 31, 1934, and quickly created a sensation with his physical scars and prison background. His musical tradition on the 12-string guitar went back decades to roots unfamiliar in New York. He was asked to perform at elite universities, where he frightened as much as entertained his audiences.", "precise_score": 5.463718414306641, "rough_score": 5.184044361114502, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "The fifty-one-year-old Leadbelly began serving his fourth prison sentence in 1939. By 1940, after serving eight months, he was released and back in New York City. About this time a folk music community was springing up in New York City which would achieve tremendous growth during and after World War II.", "precise_score": 2.3848445415496826, "rough_score": 2.8768322467803955, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Leadbelly, nickname of Huddie William Ledbetter, 1885–1949, American singer, b. Mooringsport, La. While wandering through Louisiana and Texas, he earned a living by playing the guitar for dances. For a time he joined with Blind Lemon Jefferson, the blues singer, who influenced his future style. Leadbelly's blues and work songs are a survival of the earliest African-American music (see jazz ). He was jailed in 1918 for murder and put on a chain gang; he was pardoned in 1925 but was again put in jail for attempted murder (1930–34) and for assault (1939–40). The folklorist John A. Lomax discovered Leadbelly in prison and used his songs for a book, Negro Folk Songs as Sung by Lead Belly (1936). In the 1940s Leadbelly made numerous nightclub appearances, accompanying himself on his 12-string guitar; in 1949 he made a concert tour in France.", "precise_score": 6.088556289672852, "rough_score": 8.483572006225586, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Incarcerated", "passage": "Soon after arriving in New York City with the Lomaxes, Lead Belly came to national prominence through his singing and unconventional background. Despite his growing musical reputation, he continued to have problems controlling his temper and found himself briefly incarcerated for assault in 1939 on Riker's Island. Ironically, his popularity was stronger in the white folk–music scene than the black blues field. His associates included Woody Guthrie , Pete Seeger, and Sonny Terry. His original songs such as \"Bourgeois Blues\" and \"Scottsboro Boys\" reflected his politics. Lead Belly's most popular composition, \"Goodnight Irene,\" achieved its greatest success when the Weavers recorded it in the early 1950s, after his death.", "precise_score": 0.19042034447193146, "rough_score": 2.9748384952545166, "source": "search", "title": "LEDBETTER, HUDDIE [LEADBELLY] | The Handbook of Texas ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Huddie \"Lead Belly\" Ledbetter was an American blues and folk singer and musician. He was born in 1889 and died in 1949. He lived a tough life, having been twice convicted of murder and both times he was pardoned due to his singing. In his early life he was a wandering musician and worked as a labourer when he had to. During his 2nd prison term for murder he was discovered by folklorists John and Alan Lomax, who arganised his release and recorded many of his songs. Although Lead Belly died before his music received the recognition that he deserved he influenced many other musicians, such as Pete Seeger, Lonnie Donegan, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, Ram Jam, and The White Stripes. He was a great musician and singer whose talent shines through the rather poor quality recordings.", "precise_score": 3.3951687812805176, "rough_score": 4.317587852478027, "source": "search", "title": "Stephpar's Song A Day | Lead Belly – Black Betty" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Lead Belly's songs covered a wide range, including gospel music; blues about women, liquor, prison life, and racism; and folk songs about cowboys, prison, work, sailors, cattle herding, and dancing. He also wrote songs about people in the news, such as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, Jean Harlow, the Scottsboro Boys and Howard Hughes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.518914222717285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Prison years", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.508440017700195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Ledbetter's volatile temper sometimes led him into trouble with the law. In 1915, he was convicted of carrying a pistol and sentenced to time on the Harrison County chain gang. He escaped, finding work in nearby Bowie County under the assumed name of Walter Boyd. In January 1918 he was imprisoned at the Imperial Farm (now Central Unit) in Sugar Land, Texas, after killing one of his own relatives, Will Stafford, in a fight over a woman. While there he may have first heard the traditional prison song \"Midnight Special\". In 1925 he was pardoned and released after writing a song to Governor Pat Morris Neff seeking his freedom, having served the minimum seven years of a 7- to 35-year sentence. Combined with his good behavior (which included entertaining the guards and fellow prisoners), his appeal to Neff's strong religious beliefs proved sufficient. It was a testament to his persuasive powers, as Neff had run for governor on a pledge not to issue pardons (the only recourse for prisoners, since in most Southern prisons there was no provision for parole). According to Charles K. Wolfe and Kip Lornell, in their book The Life and Legend of Leadbelly (1999), Neff had regularly brought guests to the prison on Sunday picnics to hear Ledbetter perform.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.632344722747803, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1930 Ledbetter was sentenced to Louisiana's Angola Prison Farm after a summary trial for attempted homicide for stabbing a white man in a fight. He was \"discovered\" there three years later during a visit by folklorists John Lomax and his son Alan Lomax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.546186447143555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "A prison official later wrote to John Lomax denying that Ledbetter's singing had anything to do with his release from Angola (state prison records confirm he was eligible for early release due to good behavior). However, both Ledbetter and the Lomaxes believed that the record they had taken to the governor had hastened his release from prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.866114616394043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "There are several conflicting stories about how Ledbetter acquired the nickname \"Lead Belly\", but he probably acquired it while in prison. Some claim his fellow inmates called him \"Lead Belly\" as a play on his family name and his physical toughness. It is recounted that during his second prison term, another inmate stabbed him in the neck (leaving him with a fearsome scar he subsequently covered with a bandana); Ledbetter nearly killed his attacker with his own knife. Others say he earned the name after being wounded in the stomach with buckshot. Another theory is that the name refers to his ability to drink moonshine, the homemade liquor which Southern farmers, black and white, made to supplement their incomes. Blues singer Big Bill Broonzy thought it came from a supposed tendency to lay about as if \"with a stomach weighted down by lead\" in the shade when the chain gang was supposed to be working. Or it may be simply a corruption of his last name pronounced with a Southern accent. Whatever its origin, he adopted the nickname as a pseudonym while performing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.736595153808594, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Life after prison", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.549756050109863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "When Lead Belly was released from prison, the United States was deep in the Great Depression, and jobs were very scarce. In September 1934, in need of regular work in order to avoid cancellation of his release from prison, Lead Belly asked John Lomax to take him on as a driver. For three months he assisted the 67-year-old in his folk song collecting around the South. (Alan Lomax was ill and did not accompany his father on this trip.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.203478813171387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In December Lead Belly participated in a \"smoker\" (group sing) at a Modern Language Association meeting at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania, where the senior Lomax had a prior lecturing engagement. He was written up in the press as a convict who had sung his way out of prison. On New Year's Day, 1935, the pair arrived in New York City, where Lomax was scheduled to meet with his publisher, Macmillan, about a new collection of folk songs. The newspapers were eager to write about the \"singing convict,\" and Time magazine made one of its first March of Time newsreels about him. Lead Belly attained fame (although not fortune).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.799161434173584, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In January 1936, Lead Belly returned to New York on his own, without John Lomax, in an attempted comeback. He performed twice a day at Harlem's Apollo Theater during the Easter season in a live dramatic recreation of the March of Time newsreel (itself a recreation) about his prison encounter with John Lomax, where he had worn stripes, though by this time he was no longer associated with Lomax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.720261573791504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "JAIL", "passage": "In 1939, Lead Belly was back in jail for assault after stabbing a man in a fight in Manhattan. Alan Lomax, then 24, took him under his wing and helped raise money for his legal expenses, dropping out of graduate school to do so. After his release (in 1940–41), Lead Belly appeared as a regular on Alan Lomax and Nicholas Ray's groundbreaking CBS radio show Back Where I Come From, broadcast nationwide. He also appeared in nightclubs with Josh White, becoming a fixture in New York City's surging folk music scene and befriending the likes of Sonny Terry, Brownie McGhee, Woody Guthrie, and a young Pete Seeger, all fellow performers on Back Where I Come From. During the first half of the decade, he recorded for RCA, the Library of Congress, and Moe Asch (future founder of Folkways Records) and in 1944 went to California, where he recorded strong sessions for Capitol Records. He lodged with a studio guitar player on Merrywood Drive in Laurel Canyon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.3535637855529785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "* King of the 12-String Guitar (1991, Sony/Legacy Records), a collection of blues songs and prison ballads recorded in 1935 in New York City for the American Record Company, including previously unreleased alternate takes", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.221905708312988, "source": "wiki", "title": "Lead Belly" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Although he most commonly played the twelve string, he could also play the piano, mandolin, harmonica, violin, concertina, and accordion. In some of his recordings, such as in one of his versions of the folk ballad \"John Hardy\", he performs on the accordion instead of the guitar. In other recordings he just sings while clapping his hands or stomping his foot. The topics of Lead Belly's music covered a wide range of subjects, including gospel songs; blues songs about women, liquor and racism; and folk songs about cowboys, prison, work, sailors, cattle herding and dancing. He also wrote songs concerning the newsmakers of the day, such as President Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, Jean Harlow, the Scottsboro Boys and multi-millionaire Howard Hughes. Fame in 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.808481693267822, "source": "search", "title": "Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „ Goodnight Irene\" - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Lead Belly's boastful spirit and penchant for the occasional skirmish sometimes led him into trouble with the law, and in January 1918 he was thrown into prison for the second time, this time after killing one of his relatives, Will Stafford, in a fight. He was incarcerated in Sugar Land, Texas and it is there that he got the inspiration for the song Midnight Special. It is said that he was released two years into his 35-year sentence after writing a song appealing to Governor Pat Morris Neff for his freedom. Lead Belly had swayed Governor Neff by appealing to his strong religious values. That, in combination with good behavior (including entertaining by playing for the guards and fellow prisoners), was Lead Belly's ticket out of jail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.609435081481934, "source": "search", "title": "Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „ Goodnight Irene\" - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1930, Lead Belly was back in prison, this time in Louisiana for attempted homicide. It was there, three years later, that he was \"discovered\" by musicologists John and Alan Lomax, who were enchanted by his talent, passion and singularity as a performer, and recorded hundreds of his songs on portable recording equipment for the Library of Congress. The following year Lead Belly was once again pardoned, this time after a petition for his early release was taken to Louisiana Governor O.K. Allen by the Lomaxes. The petition was on the other side of a recording of one of his most popular songs, \"Goodnight Irene\". The state's prison records, however, show he was released due to", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4021010398864746, "source": "search", "title": "Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „ Goodnight Irene\" - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Jailed", "passage": "Jailed for Assault", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.573394775390625, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "By 1917, when Leadbelly was jailed for assault, the two musicians had gone their separate ways. Although Lead-belly's parents sold their land to pay for his legal defense, Leadbelly was sentenced to short-term hard labor. He escaped from the penitentiary by outrunning the prison dogs. After seeking refuge at his parents' farm, he was sent by his father to New Orleans. But he disliked that city and moved on to De Kalb, Texas, in the northeastern part of the state near Arkansas. Hoping to avoid recapture, he supported himself as a farm laborer while relatives helped him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3174318075180054, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Still using the name Boyd, Leadbelly served seven years of his 30-year sentence working on chain gangs. After a prison escape failed, he tried to drown himself in a lake but was apprehended. Back in prison, he used his musical talents to gain favor with the prison guards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1383326053619385, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "While Leadbelly was serving time at Shaw State Farm, his father died. Just before his death, Wes Ledbetter had tried to bribe prison officials into releasing Leadbelly. But in 1925, Leadbelly won a full pardon on his own. Oddly, the pardon came after the governor of Texas went on record as opposing pardons. The governor had visited the prison several times to hear Leadbelly sing, and Leadbelly later maintained that he won over the governor with his song \"Please Pardon Me.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8270885944366455, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Following his release from prison, Leadbelly returned home to Mooringsport. While supporting himself as a truck driver, he kept himself in liquor and women by using his musical talents. By this time, Blind Lemon Jefferson's records were selling well and country blues was at the peak of its popularity. But record scouts took no notice of Leadbelly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8529295921325684, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Another Prison Sentence", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.568029403686523, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1930, Leadbelly was sentenced to ten years at the Louisiana state prison in Angola. After the authorities discovered Leadbelly's prior conviction, he was disqualified from any chance at early release. Life in Depression-era Southern prisons was not easy, and Leadbelly received beatings for minor offenses. But he adapted to the conditions at Angola and eventually was allowed to work as a laundry man and waiter. During this prison term, he acquired the habit of sleeping with the lights on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5522885322570801, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1939, Leadbelly was arrested for assaulting a man with a knife. He reportedly stabbed the man sixteen times. Convicted of third-degree assault, Leadbelly was sentenced to less than a year in prison. During the trial, Leadbelly made his first commercial recordings since 1935 for Musicraft, a small company with left-wing political affiliations. He received a small advance on royalties for his efforts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8056092262268066, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Jailed", "passage": "Jailed for Assault", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.573394775390625, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "By 1917, when Leadbelly was jailed for assault, the two musicians had gone their separate ways. Although Lead-belly's parents sold their land to pay for his legal defense, Leadbelly was sentenced to short-term hard labor. He escaped from the penitentiary by outrunning the prison dogs. After seeking refuge at his parents' farm, he was sent by his father to New Orleans. But he disliked that city and moved on to De Kalb, Texas, in the northeastern part of the state near Arkansas. Hoping to avoid recapture, he supported himself as a farm laborer while relatives helped him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.3174318075180054, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Still using the name Boyd, Leadbelly served seven years of his 30-year sentence working on chain gangs. After a prison escape failed, he tried to drown himself in a lake but was apprehended. Back in prison, he used his musical talents to gain favor with the prison guards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1383326053619385, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "While Leadbelly was serving time at Shaw State Farm, his father died. Just before his death, Wes Ledbetter had tried to bribe prison officials into releasing Leadbelly. But in 1925, Leadbelly won a full pardon on his own. Oddly, the pardon came after the governor of Texas went on record as opposing pardons. The governor had visited the prison several times to hear Leadbelly sing, and Leadbelly later maintained that he won over the governor with his song \"Please Pardon Me.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8270885944366455, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Following his release from prison, Leadbelly returned home to Mooringsport. While supporting himself as a truck driver, he kept himself in liquor and women by using his musical talents. By this time, Blind Lemon Jefferson's records were selling well and country blues was at the peak of its popularity. But record scouts took no notice of Leadbelly.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.8529295921325684, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Another Prison Sentence", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.568029403686523, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1930, Leadbelly was sentenced to ten years at the Louisiana state prison in Angola. After the authorities discovered Leadbelly's prior conviction, he was disqualified from any chance at early release. Life in Depression-era Southern prisons was not easy, and Leadbelly received beatings for minor offenses. But he adapted to the conditions at Angola and eventually was allowed to work as a laundry man and waiter. During this prison term, he acquired the habit of sleeping with the lights on.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.5522885322570801, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1939, Leadbelly was arrested for assaulting a man with a knife. He reportedly stabbed the man sixteen times. Convicted of third-degree assault, Leadbelly was sentenced to less than a year in prison. During the trial, Leadbelly made his first commercial recordings since 1935 for Musicraft, a small company with left-wing political affiliations. He received a small advance on royalties for his efforts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8056092262268066, "source": "search", "title": "Leadbelly Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1918, under the name of Walter Boyd, Ledbetter was convicted of murder and sentenced to thirty years in the Texas penitentiary. Either prior to his sentence or during it, the musician received his famous nickname, Lead Belly. Some reports say that he got it for taking a gunshot in the stomach; others suggest that fellow inmates gave it to him for his hard work and fast pace on the chain gangs. In any case, it sounds like his surname. Pardoned in 1925 after having written a song in honor of Governor Pat Neff , Lead Belly again lived from odd jobs until 1930, when he entered the state prison in Angola, Louisiana, on a charge of assault with intent to murder. There his music attracted Texas folklorist John Avery Lomax and his son Alan Lomax . Lead Belly was released from prison for having received credit for “good time” during his incarceration, and for several months he toured with the Lomaxes, giving concerts and assisting them in their efforts to record the work songs and spirituals of black convicts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.830765247344971, "source": "search", "title": "LEDBETTER, HUDDIE [LEADBELLY] | The Handbook of Texas ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Although he most commonly played the twelve string, he could also play the piano, mandolin, harmonica, violin, concertina, and accordion. In some of his recordings, such as in one of his versions of the folk ballad \"John Hardy\", he performs on the accordion instead of the guitar. In other recordings he just sings while clapping his hands or stomping his foot. The topics of Lead Belly's music covered a wide range of subjects, including gospel songs; blues songs about women, liquor and racism; and folk songs about cowboys, prison, work, sailors, cattle herding and dancing. He also wrote songs concerning the newsmakers of the day, such as President Franklin Roosevelt, Adolf Hitler, Jean Harlow, the Scottsboro Boys and multi-millionaire Howard Hughes. Fame in 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.808481693267822, "source": "search", "title": "Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „Rock Island Line\" - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Lead Belly's boastful spirit and penchant for the occasional skirmish sometimes led him into trouble with the law, and in January 1918 he was thrown into prison for the second time, this time after killing one of his relatives, Will Stafford, in a fight. He was incarcerated in Sugar Land, Texas and it is there that he got the inspiration for the song Midnight Special. It is said that he was released two years into his 35-year sentence after writing a song appealing to Governor Pat Morris Neff for his freedom. Lead Belly had swayed Governor Neff by appealing to his strong religious values. That, in combination with good behavior (including entertaining by playing for the guards and fellow prisoners), was Lead Belly's ticket out of jail.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.609435081481934, "source": "search", "title": "Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „Rock Island Line\" - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "In 1930, Lead Belly was back in prison, this time in Louisiana for attempted homicide. It was there, three years later, that he was \"discovered\" by musicologists John and Alan Lomax, who were enchanted by his talent, passion and singularity as a performer, and recorded hundreds of his songs on portable recording equipment for the Library of Congress. The following year Lead Belly was once again pardoned, this time after a petition for his early release was taken to Louisiana Governor O.K. Allen by the Lomaxes. The petition was on the other side of a recording of one of his most popular songs, \"Goodnight Irene\". The state's prison records, however, show he was released due to", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4021010398864746, "source": "search", "title": "Roots of Blues -- Lead Belly „Rock Island Line\" - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Black Betty was originally recorded in 1933 as part of the Folkways archive of folk songs, it was recorded at the Central State Farm (a State prison) in Sugar Land, Texas, USA from the singing of convict James Baker, the first professional recording was by Lead Belly in 1939, it has been covered by many other artists, most notably by Ram Jam, Tom Jones, and Siderbait. There are many theories of what the song is about, including  a gun, a bottle of whiskey, a prison whip, or a prison transfer wagon. This is Lead Belly’s original recording and is taken from the box set Lead Belly: The Smithsonian Folkways Collection.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.869591236114502, "source": "search", "title": "Stephpar's Song A Day | Lead Belly – Black Betty" }, { "answer": "Jailed", "passage": "Willie Dixon is best known for his songwriting prowess, although his influence on the blues includes his superb work as a producer, arranger, session musician and performer. Dixon began performing in Chicago in the late 1930s; his career was interrupted briefly in the early 1940s when he was jailed for refusing the draft as a conscientious objector. He later worked for the blues label Chess, where his songwriting gave a significant boost to the careers of Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter and others. Howlin' Wolf had such success with his rendition of Dixon's tunes that for years they were his primary recording and performance efforts. As a mentor to vocalist Koko Taylor, Dixon had her record \"Wang Dang Doodle,\" which became a huge hit and is still her signature classic. Later in his life Dixon had to fight to reap the financial rewards of his art and subsequently worked on behalf of other artists to assist them in securing publishing royalties. He influenced not only his contemporaries, but countless blues and rock and roll artists, including Led Zeppelin, the Doors and Cream. His body of work as a songwriter boasts many blues standards and rock and roll classics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.812507152557373, "source": "search", "title": "The Blues . The Songs & the Artists . Biographies ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "By all accounts Lead Belly was a captivating performer, and the story of his colorful life certainly gives credence to the reputation. His performance was enchanting enough to disarm even the heavy arm of Southern, white, law enforcement — he twice was pardoned from long prison sentences as a result of his talent. Lead Belly was an itinerant musician, and a living catalogue of many musical traditions and influences, from folk to country blues to prison songs to ballads. His wide repertoire carried a rich sense of black history. He traveled and played for a time with Blind Lemon Jefferson, who was probably his primary blues influence and reportedly taught him how to play slide guitar. It was folklorist John Lomax who recognized Lead Belly as a national treasure and orchestrated his second prison release on those grounds, later recording him and organizing performances. Lead Belly later moved to New York and became an integral part of the city's folk scene. During his lifetime he never experienced the success and recognition he deserved, but his influence on American music is incalculable. He has inspired many songwriters, including Bob Dylan, and his recordings document a rich musical legacy that without him might have been forgotten.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3309275805950165, "source": "search", "title": "The Blues . The Songs & the Artists . Biographies ..." }, { "answer": "Prison", "passage": "Alan Lomax began his long career as a folklorist when he was still a teenager, traveling with his father, John, throughout the South to preserve the area's music legacy of folk, work songs and spirituals, among other music. During their travels to Southern prisons, the father and son team came upon William Ledbetter, better known as Lead Belly, recorded him for the first time and actually negotiated his release on the basis of the singer/songwriter's talent. Alan Lomax subsequently returned to the South on his own, where he recorded many Mississippi bluesmen, including Muddy Waters, Son House, and Mississippi Fred McDowell. He also recorded jazz legend Jelly Roll Morton. Lomax's life was dedicated to preserving the musical legacy of not only the United States, but other parts of the world as well, including Europe and the Caribbean. His blues recordings are classics, and in his award-winning memoir, The Land Where the Blues Began, he not only chronicled the history of the blues as seen through his field experiences, but also captured the bitter racism that was faced by the now-legendary artists he recorded. Lomax left behind an invaluable musical and historical legacy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9882724285125732, "source": "search", "title": "The Blues . The Songs & the Artists . Biographies ..." }, { "answer": "Incarcerated", "passage": "Bukka White moved to the Mississippi Delta as an adolescent and was influenced by Charley Patton — as a result he played a particularly pure form of Delta blues. White's devotion to the music was considerable; after a run-in with the law in Mississippi in 1937, he jumped bail in order to record in Chicago. He was apprehended and incarcerated at Mississippi's Parchman Farm, where he was popular as an entertainer, and where his gift for songwriting wasn't hampered — like many of his originals, the song \"Parchman Farm Blues\" became a classic. White's real taste of fame came after Bob Dylan recorded White's original song \"Fixin' to Die Blues\" in the early 1960s. Curious about the song's original author, two young blues players found White by sending a general delivery letter to Aberdeen, Mississippi (tipped off by his blues song of the same title). These leaps in visibility led to White's fame in later life, as both a performer and a storyteller, as he embodied both the Delta blues and its rich history.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5443914532661438, "source": "search", "title": "The Blues . The Songs & the Artists . Biographies ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Throughout the Seinfeld episode \"The Doll\", José Carreras is repeatedly referred to as \"the other guy\", while the names of Domingo and Pavarotti are easily recalled. In the same episode, Elaine refers to him as an \"italian opera star\", which is incorrect, both Plácido Domingo and José Carreras are from Spain. In The Simpsons episode \"Homer of Seville\", Homer becomes an opera star and gives advice to Plácido Domingo, while referring to him as his \"third favorite\" of the Three Tenors. The Animaniacs cartoon Three Tenors and You're Out featured the trio performing at Dodger Stadium. The Canadian sketch comedy series Royal Canadian Air Farce parodied The Three Tenors in a sketch. In the Frasier episode \"The Perfect Guy\" Frasier attempts to impress Dr. Clint Webber by referring to an old friendship he had with Carreras but it backfires when Clint reveals Carreras is his godfather. In the original Japanese version of the anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's the main antagonists, the three emperors of Yliaster, are called Plácido, Luciano and José in reference to The Three Tenors.", "precise_score": 1.719875693321228, "rough_score": -0.3218766450881958, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Three Tenors" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Jose Carreras (1946-) Born in Barcelona, Spain, Jose Carreras has been performing since he was 11 years old.  Professionally, Carreras began his operatic career on December 19, 1970, when he sang the principal role of Gennaro alongside Montserrat Caballe in Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia .  Aside from performing, Carreras serves as president for the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation, which he founded after successfully overcoming his own battle with cancer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.55767822265625, "source": "search", "title": "The Three Tenors - Pavarotti, Domingo, and Carreras" }, { "answer": "Spain", "passage": "Placido Domingo (1941-) With over 100 operas and 147 roles under his belt, Placido Domingo is a seasoned operatic star.  Born in Madrid, Spain, the celebrated tenor made his operatic debut as “Alfredo” in La Triviata at Monterrey, Mexico in 1961.  Just as Carreras and Pavarotti, Domingo has performed in opera houses around the world.  Now in his mid-70s and understanding the changes in his voice, Domingo sings baritone roles instead.  In 1993, Domingo founded a young singer competition called Operalia.  The competition is open to 18-32 year olds, and is hosted in a different city every year.  Out of nearly 1,000 entrants, only the top 40 are selected for the competition.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.993817329406738, "source": "search", "title": "The Three Tenors - Pavarotti, Domingo, and Carreras" } ]

[ { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna Louise Ciccone (born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Referred to as the \"Queen of Pop\", Madonna is often cited as an influence by other artists.", "precise_score": -2.7717816829681396, "rough_score": -6.265166282653809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna Height - How tall", "precise_score": -1.0745489597320557, "rough_score": -7.1020188331604, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "How can Madonna be 5'0??? Watch her and Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera at the MTV awards. Britney is about the same height as Madonna, maybe an inch taller, while Christina looks super short singing next to the two. Christina is 5'0 for sure. She is SHORT.", "precise_score": 1.2454729080200195, "rough_score": -0.7171162366867065, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Ariana Grande was wearing heels with 1\" platforms and looked about the same height as Madonna but Grande is said to be max 5f1 so with that I think Madonna is actually 5f2 max. She was listed at that in the 80s but not sure why the bump in her height? Most celebs always seem to add an inch or two or three to their real height. lol", "precise_score": -0.46344101428985596, "rough_score": -6.122203350067139, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Another bogus height estimation, unless of-course super-platform heels are taken into account. No way was Madonna ever above the 5 foot range. 4 foot 11 women claiming that they're 5 foot 4; 5 foot 4 women claiming that they're 5 foot 8; and 5 foot 8 women claiming that they're over 6 feet.. It appears that the only men and women who are honest about their heights are the true barefoot 6-footers. Just put all these myth-lovers next to the true amazons-Gwendoline Christie, Elizabeth Debicki, and Karlie Kloss-and their myth will surely be busted. Oh yes, the other one that Gaga is 5 foot 1 is also for laughs.. (5 foot 1 with her hands up in the air, yes, that is feasible).", "precise_score": -2.656454086303711, "rough_score": -7.154714107513428, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna is actually 5'4 and 1/2 tall but on her bio it says she's 5'5\". on tour she's 110 lbs and when not on tour she's around roughly 120 lbs. But she does workout a lot too to get herself fit before going on tour. so this should answer all of you guys question.", "precise_score": 3.4194717407226562, "rough_score": -6.194591522216797, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna is 5ft6 1.71m weight: 65kg (133lbs) she is taller than avril lavigne who is 5ft45 1.63m tall", "precise_score": 4.099039554595947, "rough_score": 3.7860541343688965, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "This is definiately not what I have heard about Madonna. I heard she is tall: 5'8. Is everyone sure about this? I mean, she looks pretty tall to me!", "precise_score": 2.332202196121216, "rough_score": -6.415290355682373, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna is shorter than Lady Gaga who is 155cm!!", "precise_score": 1.4224414825439453, "rough_score": -5.825595378875732, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's daugther looks pretty tall standing on a beach in France; but the reality is she's petite", "precise_score": 0.2592564523220062, "rough_score": -6.801534175872803, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "5'4\" is the perfect height for a woman, and madonnas weight/porportions are excellent. no need to be taller, it doesnt make u hotter.", "precise_score": 0.38915112614631653, "rough_score": -1.5465577840805054, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "women. Madonna is definitely not 5'6\". That would be Jessica Alba or", "precise_score": -0.6509686708450317, "rough_score": -7.141161918640137, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna appears taller than most orientals but not as tall as Brigitte", "precise_score": 3.8067591190338135, "rough_score": 3.934704542160034, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Bardot who is 5'6. Bardot is taller than Madonna and her limbs suggest", "precise_score": 4.093072891235352, "rough_score": 3.1970553398132324, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "\" The stand-out for Williams was how tiny Madonna is in stature....'She's small, very small. I'm 5'3\" and I was surprised she wasn't any taller.' \"", "precise_score": 1.6817467212677002, "rough_score": 1.8792003393173218, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "yes, she is this height definately. but maybe she´s an half inch taller. because sometimes, when standing next to Britney Spears, she´s almost her height (5'4.5'') and so i would rather say, Madonna is 5'4'' or a half inch taller like she said in the interview with Carrie Fisher.", "precise_score": 5.314121246337891, "rough_score": 3.4269888401031494, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "..this summer Madonna went in Rome..i sow her she was very close to me..so i can say that she's as tall as me..i'm 1.54 cm..!i even sow britney spears..she's..very short!!i mean her hands..her legs..a bull-dog face..however they look like two artificial persons.", "precise_score": 1.3840783834457397, "rough_score": -7.0449299812316895, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "She's 5ft1 because she's 5ft3 or max 5ft4 with high heeled shoes on. Britney is the same height as well and probably was wearing platforms when she was in the picture with Madonna.", "precise_score": -0.4597458243370056, "rough_score": -6.1576409339904785, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Oh, she is so cool,when she doesn`t have loose hair,she looks like a 15-year old girl and it`s noticable that she`s no more than 1.57 cm,but it`s very strange when madonna has flowing hair she looks taller,maybe because of big hands.But I also think that madonna has smth in her shoes,that adds her odd 2 cm", "precise_score": 1.2049551010131836, "rough_score": -1.5639179944992065, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I also saw a pic where madonna stands with stella mccartney,they both were in heels and had a visible difference in i`d say 6-7cm but i saw stella with scarlet johanson(who is 1.63 cm)and they had the same height,so when she says \"five four and a half\" it`s ridiculous she`s no more than 1.58 cm", "precise_score": 1.3864468336105347, "rough_score": -6.388116836547852, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I also saw a pic where madonna stands with stella mccartney,they both were in heels and had a visible difference in i`d say 6-7cm but i saw stella with scarlet johanson(who is 1.63 cm)and they had the same height,so when she says \"five four and a half\" it`s ridiculous she`s no more than 1.58 cm", "precise_score": 1.3864468336105347, "rough_score": -6.388116836547852, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I saw a pic where Madonna goes with Gwyneth Paltrow and I`ve a friend who is 1.75 and when she wears heels and I`m in flats we have the same difference as Madonna and Gwyneth but I think the difference between my and Madonna height in 2 inches so I think she`s probably between 1.58-1.59", "precise_score": -0.05156417563557625, "rough_score": -6.973053932189941, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna is 5'2\" tops... maybe less. I was chatting with her in 1985 and she was wearing big shoes and she was very very short. I am 5' 5\" and am very good appraising heights.", "precise_score": 0.8488627672195435, "rough_score": -6.341280937194824, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "no Cady Madonna is not 5'3 or 5'3.5, she is 5'4, Next to britney she is a little shorter and britney is a little taller than 5'4 also madonna hair is slicked back white britney's is not.", "precise_score": 2.6375484466552734, "rough_score": 2.2275359630584717, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "How can Madonna be 5'4.5\" if you look at the photos with Britney who actually is that height you can see Madonna is at least an inch shorter", "precise_score": 0.3143503665924072, "rough_score": -6.202383518218994, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I believe in Madonna she looks tall, she is really Five four and a half!!", "precise_score": 2.180294990539551, "rough_score": -4.780548095703125, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Having met Madonna nearly 20 years ago, I can say that my recollection of her was of being in the 5ft3 or 4 range. She was \"small\" but not by any means under 5ft3 barefoot imho. As others have pointed out, she does appear in photos to be taller than Shakira, Kylie, Geri Halliwell, and other women known to be no taller than 5ft1.", "precise_score": 2.936685800552368, "rough_score": 0.8023767471313477, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "madonna is definately 5'4, in her reinvention concert, hung up video and sorry video, she is always in 3 or 3 1/2in heels in her performances and comes up very close when standing next to daniel cloud campos(her freestlye dancer) who is 5'9in tall.", "precise_score": 2.960933208465576, "rough_score": -2.9726858139038086, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "She was on Ellen today, with 3 1/2 inch heels, and Ellen in sneaks, they were same height. I was suprised about this encounter, and now agree that Madonna is 5' 4\".", "precise_score": 2.593015193939209, "rough_score": -5.920290470123291, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "If Madonna was ANYWHERE NEAR 5'4, she wouldn't be so much shorter than Britney. From the looks of that pic, if Christina Aguilera was standing straighter, SHE'D be taller than Madonna. Time for a downgrade.", "precise_score": 3.1412339210510254, "rough_score": 0.12995292246341705, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "lol responding to height fan, on TRL I seriously thought to myself . . . \"OMG madonna you are NOT five 9 you are shorter than 5'6\" vanessa!\" and then it hit me like when u blurt out something stupid \"whoops she was just kidding . . .\"", "precise_score": -0.41142821311950684, "rough_score": -6.952369213104248, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "madonna is 5\"4.5, she is five feet and 4 inches in a half, she is almost 5'5, believe it or not.", "precise_score": 2.03562068939209, "rough_score": -3.2239627838134766, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Born in Bay City, Michigan, Madonna moved to New York City in 1977 to pursue a career in modern dance. After performing in the music groups Breakfast Club and Emmy, she signed with Sire Records (an auxiliary label of Warner Bros. Records) in 1982 and released her self-titled debut album the following year. She followed it with a series of commercially and critically successful albums, including the Grammy Award winners Ray of Light (1998) and Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005). Throughout her career, Madonna has written and produced most of her songs, with many of them reaching number one on the record charts, including \"Like a Virgin\", \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", \"Vogue\", \"Take a Bow\", \"Frozen\", \"Music\", \"Hung Up\", and \"4 Minutes\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.274410247802734, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), and Evita (1996); the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. However, most of her other films have been panned by critics. Her other ventures include fashion design, writing children's books, and filmmaking. She has been acclaimed as a businesswoman, particularly after she founded entertainment company Maverick (including the label Maverick Records). In 2007 she signed an unprecedented US $120 million 360 deal with Live Nation, which led to a record deal with Interscope Records.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.69978141784668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second highest-certified female artist in the United States, with 64.5 million album units. Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, earning US $1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990. Madonna became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility. She was ranked at number one on VH1's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music and number two (behind only The Beatles) on Billboards list of Greatest Hot 100 Artists of All Time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.885143756866455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony \"Tony\" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors. Since Madonna had the same name as her mother, family members called her \"Little Nonni\". She has two elder brothers, Anthony (born 1956) and Martin (born 1957), and three younger siblings, Paula (born 1959), Christopher (born 1960), and Melanie (born 1962). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.187285900115967, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Upon being confirmed in 1966, she adopted Veronica as a confirmation name. She was raised in the Detroit suburbs of Pontiac and Avon Township (now Rochester Hills). Months before her mother died of breast cancer, Madonna noticed changes in her behavior and personality, although she did not understand the reason. Her mother was at a loss to explain her medical condition, and often began to cry when Madonna questioned her about it. Madonna later acknowledged that she had not grasped the concept of her mother dying. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.556914329528809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a \"lonely girl who was searching for something. I wasn't rebellious in a certain way. I cared about being good at something. I didn't shave my underarms and I didn't wear make-up like normal girls do. But I studied and I got good grades.... I wanted to be somebody.\" Terrified that her father Tony could be taken from her as well, Madonna was often unable to sleep unless she was near him.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.657547950744629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968). At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude. She attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. Madonna was known for her high grade point average, and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. She would perform cartwheels and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the monkey bars during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.353137969970703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna later attended Rochester Adams High School where she became a straight-A student and a member of the cheerleading squad. After graduating, she received a dance scholarship to the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance, and attended the American Dance Festival over the summer. She convinced her father to allow her to take ballet lessons and was persuaded by Christopher Flynn, her ballet teacher, to pursue a career in dance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.736305236816406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In 1978, she dropped out of college and relocated to New York City. She had little money and worked as a waitress at Dunkin' Donuts and with modern dance troupes, taking classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and eventually performing with Pear Lang Dance Theater. Madonna said of her move to New York, \"It was the first time I'd ever taken a plane, the first time I'd ever gotten a taxi cab. I came here with $35 in my pocket. It was the bravest thing I'd ever done.\" She started to work as a backup dancer for other established artists. Madonna claimed that during a late night she was returning from a rehearsal, when a pair of men held her at knifepoint and forced her to perform fellatio. Madonna later commented that \"the episode was a taste of my weakness, it showed me that I still could not save myself in spite of all the strong-girl show. I could never forget it.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.051396369934082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left Breakfast Club and, with her former boyfriend Stephen Bray as drummer, formed the band Emmy. The two began writing songs together, and Madonna later decided to market herself as a solo act. Their music impressed DJ and record producer Mark Kamins who arranged a meeting between Madonna and Sire Records founder Seymour Stein.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.906068801879883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "After Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire, her debut single, \"Everybody\", was released in October 1982, and the second, \"Burning Up\", in March 1983. Both became big club hits in the United States, reaching number three on Hot Dance Club Songs chart compiled by Billboard magazine. After this success, she started developing her debut album, Madonna, which was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros. However, she was not happy with the completed tracks and disagreed with Lucas' production techniques, so decided to seek additional help.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.283974647521973, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna moved in with boyfriend John \"Jellybean\" Benitez, asking his help for finishing the album's production. Benitez remixed most of the tracks and produced \"Holiday\", which was her third single and her first international top-ten hit. The overall sound of Madonna was dissonant and in the form of upbeat synthetic disco, using some of the new technology of the time, like the Linn drum machine, Moog bass and the OB-X synthesizer. The album was released in July 1983 and peaked at number eight on the Billboard 200 six months later, in 1984. It yielded two more top-ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100, \"Borderline\" and \"Lucky Star\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.386541366577148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's look and style of dressing, her performances, and her music videos influenced young girls and women. Her style became one of the female fashion trends of the 1980s. Created by stylist and jewelry designer Maripol, the look consisted of lace tops, skirts over capri pants, fishnet stockings, jewelry bearing the crucifix, bracelets, and bleached hair. Madonna achieved global recognition after the release of her second studio album, Like a Virgin, in November 1984. It topped the charts in several countries and became her first number-one album on the Billboard 200. The title track, \"Like a Virgin\", topped the Hot 100 chart for six consecutive weeks. It attracted the attention of organizations who complained that the song and its accompanying video promoted premarital sex and undermined family values, and moralists sought to have the song and video banned. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.453567504882812, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 21 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.86551570892334, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna entered mainstream films in February 1985, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in Vision Quest, a romantic drama film. Its soundtrack contained two new singles, her U.S. number-one single, \"Crazy for You\" and \"Gambler\". She also played the title role in the 1985 comedy Desperately Seeking Susan, a film which introduced the song \"Into the Groove\", her first number-one single in the UK. Although Madonna was not the lead actress for the film, her profile was such that the movie widely became considered (and marketed) as a Madonna vehicle. The New York Times film critic Vincent Canby named it one of the ten best films of 1985. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.588197708129883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. At that time she released two more hit singles from the album, \"Angel\" and \"Dress You Up\". In July, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of nude photos of Madonna, taken in New York in 1978. She had posed for the photographs as she needed money at the time, and was paid as little as $25 a session. The publication of the photos caused a media uproar, but Madonna remained \"unapologetic and defiant\". The photographs were ultimately sold for up to $100,000. She referred to these events at the 1985 outdoor Live Aid charity concert, saying that she would not take her jacket off because \"[the media] might hold it against me ten years from now.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.36445140838623, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album \"sound[s] as if it comes from the heart\". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 100: \"Live to Tell\", \"Papa Don't Preach\" and \"Open Your Heart\", and two more top-five singles: \"True Blue\" and \"La Isla Bonita\". The album topped the charts in over 28 countries worldwide, an unprecedented achievement at the time, and became her best-selling studio album of her career to this date with sales of 25 million. In the same year, Madonna starred in the critically panned film Shanghai Surprise, for which she received her first Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress. She made her theatrical debut in a production of David Rabe's Goose and Tom-Tom; the film and play both co-starred Penn. The next year, Madonna was featured in the film Who's That Girl. She contributed four songs to its soundtrack, including the title track and \"Causing a Commotion\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.082022666931152, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna embarked on the Who's That Girl World Tour in July 1987, which continued until September. It broke several attendance records, including over 130,000 audience in a concert near Paris, which remains her biggest concert attendance ever. Later that year, she released a remix album of past hits, titled You Can Dance, which reached number 14 on the Billboard 200. After an annulment in December 1987, Madonna filed for divorce from Penn in January 1989, citing irreconcilable differences.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.540614128112793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In January 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft-drink manufacturer, Pepsi. In one of her Pepsi commercials, she debuted her song \"Like a Prayer\". The corresponding music video featured many Catholic symbols such as stigmata and cross burning, and a dream of making love to a saint, leading the Vatican to condemn the video. Religious groups sought to ban the commercial and boycott Pepsi products. Pepsi revoked the commercial and canceled her sponsorship contract. The song was included on Madonna's fourth studio album, Like a Prayer, which was co-written and co-produced by Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray. Madonna received positive feedback for the album, with Rolling Stone writing that it was \"as close to art as pop music gets\". Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the Billboard 200 and sold 15 million copies worldwide, with 4 million copies sold in the U.S. alone. Six singles were released from the album, including \"Like a Prayer\", which reached number one, and \"Express Yourself\" and \"Cherish\", both peaking at number two. By the end of the 1980s, Madonna was named as the \"Artist of the Decade\" by MTV, Billboard and Musician magazine. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.132614135742188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna starred as Breathless Mahoney in the film Dick Tracy (1990), with Warren Beatty playing the title role. Her performance led to a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress. To accompany the film, she released the soundtrack album, I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It also featured the US number-one hit \"Vogue\" and \"Sooner or Later\", which earned songwriter Stephen Sondheim an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1991. While shooting the film, Madonna began a relationship with Beatty, which dissolved by the end of 1990. In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour, which was held until August. Rolling Stone called it an \"elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza\" and proclaimed it \"the best tour of 1990\". The tour generated strong negative reaction from religious groups for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation. In response, Madonna said, \"The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others\". The Laserdisc release of the tour won Madonna a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.852027893066406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "The Immaculate Collection, Madonna's first greatest-hits compilation album, was released in November 1990. It included two new songs, \"Justify My Love\" and \"Rescue Me\". The album was certified diamond by RIAA and sold over 30 million copies worldwide, becoming the best-selling compilation album by a solo artist in history. \"Justify My Love\" reached number one in the U.S. and top ten worldwide. Its music video featured scenes of sadomasochism, bondage, same-sex kissing, and brief nudity. The video was deemed too sexually explicit for MTV and was banned from the network. Madonna responded to the banning: \"Why is it that people are willing to go and watch a movie about someone getting blown to bits for no reason at all, and nobody wants to see two girls kissing and two men snuggling?\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.81345272064209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In December 1990 Madonna decided to leave Jennifer Lynch's film, Boxing Helena, which she had previously agreed to star in, without any explanation to the producers. Around this time, Madonna had an eight-month relationship with rapper Vanilla Ice; he ended their relationship because of Madonna's Sex book. Her first documentary film Truth or Dare (known as In Bed with Madonna outside North America) was released in May 1991. The documentary chronicled her Blond Ambition World Tour.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.628249168395996, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In 1992, Madonna had a role in A League of Their Own as Mae Mordabito, a baseball player on an all-women's team. She recorded the film's theme song, \"This Used to Be My Playground\", which became a Hot 100 number-one hit. The same year, she founded her own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company (Maverick Records), a film production company (Maverick Films), and associated music publishing, television broadcasting, book publishing and merchandising divisions. The deal was a joint venture with Time Warner and paid Madonna an advance of $60 million. It gave her 20% royalties from the music proceedings, the highest rate in the industry at the time, equaled only by Michael Jackson's royalty rate established a year earlier with Sony. The first release from the venture was Madonna's book, titled Sex. It consisted of sexually provocative and explicit images, photographed by Steven Meisel. The book received strong negative reaction from the media and the general public, but sold 1.5 million copies at $50 each in a matter of days. At the same time she released her fifth studio album, Erotica, which debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. Its title track peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Erotica also produced five singles: \"Deeper and Deeper\", \"Bad Girl\", \"Fever\", \"Rain\" and \"Bye Bye Baby\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.460310935974121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna had provocative imagery featured in the 1993 erotic thriller, Body of Evidence, a film which contained scenes of sadomasochism and bondage. It was poorly received by critics. She also starred in the film Dangerous Game, which was released straight to video in North America. The New York Times described the film as \"angry and painful, and the pain feels real.\" In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show with David Letterman, using profanity that required censorship on television, and handing Letterman a pair of her panties and asking him to smell it. The releases of her sexually explicit films, albums and book, and the aggressive appearance on Letterman all made critics question Madonna as a sexual renegade. Critics and fans reacted negatively, who commented that \"she had gone too far\" and that her career was over. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.90562629699707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli described her ballad \"I'll Remember\" (1994) as an attempt to tone down her provocative image. The song was recorded for Alek Keshishian's film With Honors. She made a subdued appearance with Letterman at an awards show and appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno after realizing that she needed to change her musical direction in order to sustain her popularity. With her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories (1994), Madonna employed a softer image to try to improve the public perception. The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and generated two U.S. top-five hits, \"Secret\" and \"Take a Bow\", the latter topping the Hot 100 for seven weeks, the longest period of any Madonna single. At the same time, she became romantically involved with fitness trainer Carlos Leon. Something to Remember, a collection of ballads, was released in November 1995. The album featured three new songs: \"You'll See\", \"One More Chance\", and a cover of Marvin Gaye's \"I Want You\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.439202308654785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In Evita (1996), Madonna played the title role of Eva Perón. For a long time, Madonna had desired to play Perón and wrote to director Alan Parker to explain why she would be perfect for the part. She said later, \"This is the role I was born to play. I put everything of me into this because it was much more than a role in a movie. It was exhilarating and intimidating at the same time..... And I am prouder of Evita than anything else I have done.\" After securing the role, she had vocal training and learned about the history of Argentina and Perón. During shooting she became ill several times due to the intense emotional effort required. However, as she told Oprah, she was also pregnant during the filming: \"I was winded after every take. I had to lie on the couch every ten minutes so I could recover from dizzy spells, I was worried that I was shaking the baby around too much and that would injure it in some way.\"Madonna on Oprah, December 13, 1996, American Broadcasting Company, 15:56 in. Madonna wrote in her personal diary at the time: \"Ironically, this feeling of vulnerability and weakness is helping me in the movie. I'm sure Evita felt this way every day of her life once she discovered she was ill.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.88782787322998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "After its release, Evita garnered critical appreciation. Zach Conner from Time magazine commented, \"It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations. She plays Evita with a poignant weariness and has more than just a bit of star quality. Love or hate Madonna-Eva, she is a magnet for all eyes.\" Madonna won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the role. She released three singles from the Evita soundtrack album, including \"You Must Love Me\" (which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1997) and \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\". Madonna was later presented with the Artist Achievement Award by Tony Bennett at the 1996 Billboard Music Awards. On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, her daughter with Leon. Biographer Mary Cross writes that although Madonna was often ill during the filming and worried that her pregnancy would harm the film, she reached some important personal goals: \"Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year. She had reached another turning point in her career, reinventing herself and her image with the public.\" Her relationship with Carlos Leon ended in May 1997; she declared that they were \"better off as best friends.\" After Lourdes's birth, Madonna became involved in Eastern mysticism and Kabbalah. She was introduced to Jewish mysticism by actress Sandra Bernhard in 1997. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.532905578613281, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit \"was a kind of a lushness that she wanted for this record. Techno and rave was happening in the 90's and had a lot of different forms. There was very experimental, more hard stuff like Aphex Twin. There was party stuff like Fatboy Slim. That's not what Madonna wanted for this. She wanted something more like a singer-songwriter, really. And William Orbit provided her with that.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.03431224822998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "The album garnered critical acclaim, with Slant Magazine calling it \"one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s\" Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards—including Best Pop Album and Best Dance Recording—and was nominated for both Album of the Year and Record of the Year. Rolling Stone listed it among \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". Commercially, the album peaked at number-one in numerous countries and sold more than 16 million copies worldwide. The album's first single, \"Frozen\", became Madonna's first single to debut at number one in the UK, while in the U.S. it became her sixth number-two single, setting another record for Madonna as the artist with the most number two hits. The second single, \"Ray of Light\", debuted at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. The 1998 edition of Guinness Book of World Records documented that \"no female artist has sold more records than Madonna around the world\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.637410163879395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In 1999, Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing \"creative differences\" with director Wes Craven. She recorded the single \"Beautiful Stranger\" for the 1999 film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, which earned her a Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media. Madonna starred in the 2000 film The Next Best Thing, and contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack; \"Time Stood Still\" and a cover of Don McLean's 1971 song \"American Pie\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768143653869629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna released her eighth studio album, Music, in September 2000. It featured elements from the electronica-inspired Ray of Light era, and like its predecessor, received acclaim from critics. Collaborating with French producer Mirwais Ahmadzaï, Madonna commented: \"I love to work with the weirdos that no one knows about—the people who have raw talent and who are making music unlike anyone else out there. Music is the future of sound.\" Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic felt that \"Music blows by in a kaleidoscopic rush of color, technique, style and substance. It has so many depth and layers that it's easily as self-aware and earnest as Ray of Light.\" The album took the number-one position in more than 20 countries worldwide and sold four million copies in the first ten days. In the U.S., Music debuted at the top, and became her first number-one album in eleven years since Like a Prayer. It produced three singles: the Hot 100 number-one \"Music\", \"Don't Tell Me\", and \"What It Feels Like for a Girl\". The music video of \"What It Feels Like for a Girl\" depicted Madonna committing acts of crime and vandalism, and was banned by MTV and VH1. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.377732276916504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles. Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing placenta praevia. He was christened at Dornoch Cathedral in Dornoch, Scotland, on December 21, 2000. Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby Skibo Castle. Her fifth concert tour, titled Drowned World Tour, started in June 2001. The tour visited cities in the U.S. and Europe and was the highest-grossing concert tour of the year by a solo artist, earning $75 million from 47 sold-out shows. She also released her second greatest-hits collection, titled GHV2, to coincide with the home video release of the tour. GHV2 debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.230463027954102, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna starred in the film Swept Away, directed by Ritchie. Released direct-to-video in the UK, the film was a commercial and critical failure. In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as \"the evening's biggest disappointment\" by one. That October, she released \"Die Another Day\", the title song of the James Bond film Die Another Day, in which she had a cameo role, described by The Guardian film reviewer as \"incredibly wooden\". The song reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.297558784484863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC ProCeSS. It included photography from a photo shoot in W magazine, and seven video segments. The installation ran from March to May in New York's Deitch Projects gallery. It traveled the world in an edited form. The same year, Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, which was based on her observations of American society; it received mixed reviews. She commented, \"[American Life] was like a trip down memory lane, looking back at everything I've accomplished and all the things I once valued and all the things that were important to me.\" Larry Flick from The Advocate felt that \"American Life is an album that is among her most adventurous and lyrically intelligent\" while condemning it as \"a lazy, half-arsed effort to sound and take her seriously.\" The title song peaked at number 37 on the Hot 100. Its original music video was canceled as Madonna thought that the video, featuring violence and war imagery, would be deemed unpatriotic since America was then at war with Iraq. With four million copies sold worldwide, American Life was the lowest-selling album of her career at that point. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46971607208252, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna gave another provocative performance later that year at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards, while singing \"Hollywood\" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Missy Elliott. Madonna sparked controversy for kissing Spears and Aguilera suggestively during the performance. In October 2003, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears' single \"Me Against the Music\". It was followed with the release of Remixed & Revisited. The EP contained remixed versions of songs from American Life and included \"Your Honesty\", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions. Madonna also signed a contract with Callaway Arts & Entertainment to be the author of five children's books. The first of these books, titled The English Roses, was published in September 2003. The story was about four English schoolgirls and their envy and jealousy of each other. Kate Kellway from The Guardian commented, \"[Madonna] is an actress playing at what she can never be—a JK Rowling, an English rose.\" The book debuted at the top of The New York Times Best Seller list and became the fastest-selling children's picture book of all time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.966218948364258, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "The next year Madonna and Maverick sued Warner Music Group and its former parent company Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars. In return, Warner filed a countersuit alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own. The dispute was resolved when the Maverick shares, owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev, were purchased by Warner. Madonna and Dashev's company became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music, but Madonna was still signed to Warner under a separate recording contract.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.285778999328613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In mid-2004 Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning around $120 million and became the subject of her documentary I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. In November 2004, she was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame as one of its five founding members, along with The Beatles, Elvis Presley, Bob Marley, and U2. In January 2005, Madonna performed a cover version of the John Lennon song \"Imagine\" at Tsunami Aid. She also performed at the Live 8 benefit concert in London in July 2005. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.211068153381348, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Her tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor, was released in November 2005. Musically the album was structured like a club set composed by a DJ. It was acclaimed by critics, with Keith Caulfield from Billboard commenting that the album was a \"welcome return to form for the Queen of Pop.\" The album won a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album. Confessions on a Dance Floor and its lead single, \"Hung Up\", went on to reach number one in 40 and 41 countries respectively, earning a place in Guinness World Records. The song contained a sample of ABBA's \"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)\", only the second time that ABBA has allowed their work to be used. ABBA songwriter Björn Ulvaeus remarked \"It is a wonderful track—100 per cent solid pop music.\" \"Sorry\", the second single, became Madonna's twelfth number-one single in the UK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.385293960571289, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna embarked on the Confessions Tour in May 2006, which had a global audience of 1.2 million and grossed over $193.7 million, becoming the highest-grossing tour to that date for a female artist. Madonna used religious symbols, such as the crucifix and Crown of Thorns, in the performance of \"Live to Tell\". It caused the Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia to urge all their members to boycott her concert. At the same time, the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) announced officially that Madonna had sold over 200 million copies for her albums alone worldwide. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.404376983642578, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "While on tour Madonna participated in the Raising Malawi initiative by partially funding an orphanage in and traveling to that country. While there, she decided to adopt a boy named David Banda in October 2006. The adoption raised strong public reaction, because Malawian law requires would-be parents to reside in Malawi for one year before adopting, which Madonna did not do. She addressed this on The Oprah Winfrey Show, saying that there were no written adoption laws in Malawi that regulated foreign adoption. She described how Banda had been suffering from pneumonia after surviving malaria and tuberculosis when she first met him. Banda's biological father, Yohane, commented, \"These so-called human rights activists are harassing me every day, threatening me that I am not aware of what I am doing..... They want me to support their court case, a thing I cannot do for I know what I agreed with Madonna and her husband.\" The adoption was finalized in May 2008. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.268203735351562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "A clothing line titled M by Madonna, in collaboration with Swedish clothing retailer H&M, was launched internationally in 2006. The collection consisted of leather trench coats, sequined shift dresses, cream-colored calf-length pants, and matching cropped jackets. H&M said the collection reflected Madonna's \"timeless, unique and always glamorous style.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.17066764831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna released the song \"Hey You\" for the Live Earth series of concerts. The song was available as a free download during its first week of release. She also performed it at the London Live Earth concert. Madonna announced her departure from Warner Bros. Records, and a new $120 million, ten-year 360 deal with Live Nation. She produced and wrote I Am Because We Are, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians. The documentary was directed by Nathan Rissman, who worked as Madonna's gardener. She also directed her first film Filth and Wisdom. The plot of the film revolved around three friends and their aspirations. The Times said she had \"done herself proud\" while The Daily Telegraph described the film as \"not an entirely unpromising first effort [but] Madonna would do well to hang on to her day job.\" On March 10, 2008, Madonna was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility. Madonna did not sing at the ceremony but asked fellow Hall of Fame inductees and Michigan natives The Stooges to perform her songs \"Burning Up\" and \"Ray of Light\". She thanked Christopher Flynn, her dance teacher from 35 years earlier, for his encouragement to follow her dreams. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.564576148986816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna released her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, in April 2008. Containing R&B and urban pop influences, the songs on Hard Candy were autobiographical in nature and saw Madonna collaborating with Justin Timberlake, Timbaland, Pharrell Williams and Nate \"Danja\" Hills. The album debuted at number one in 37 countries and on the Billboard 200. Don Shewey from Rolling Stone complimented it as an \"impressive taste of her upcoming tour.\" It received generally positive reviews worldwide though some critics panned it as \"an attempt to harness the urban market\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.347790718078613, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "\"4 Minutes\" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; \"4 Minutes\" becoming her thirteenth. At the 23rd Japan Gold Disc Awards, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from Recording Industry Association of Japan, the most for any artist. To further promote the album, Madonna embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour; her first major venture with Live Nation. With a gross of $280 million, it became the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist then, surpassing the previous record Madonna set with the Confessions Tour; it was later surpassed by Roger Waters' The Wall Live. It was extended to the next year, adding new European dates, and after it ended, the total gross was $408 million. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.057754516601562, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Life with My Sister Madonna, a book by Madonna's brother Christopher, debuted at number two on The New York Times bestseller list. The book caused some friction between Madonna and her brother, because of the unsolicited publication. Problems also arose between Madonna and Ritchie, with the media reporting that they were on the verge of separation. Ultimately, Madonna filed for divorce from Ritchie, citing irreconcilable differences, which was finalized in December 2008. She decided to adopt from Malawi. The country's High Court initially approved the adoption of Chifundo \"Mercy\" James; however, the application was rejected because Madonna was not a resident of the country. Madonna appealed, and on June 12, 2009, the Supreme Court of Malawi granted Madonna the right to adopt Mercy James. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.45986557006836, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna concluded her contract with Warner by releasing her third greatest-hits album, Celebration, in September 2009. It contained the new songs \"Celebration\" and \"Revolver\" along with 34 hits spanning her career with the label. Celebration reached number one in several countries, including Canada, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. She appeared at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards on September 13, 2009, to speak in tribute to deceased pop star Michael Jackson. Madonna ended the 2000s as the best-selling single artist of the decade in the U.S. and the most-played artist of the decade in the UK. Billboard also announced her as the third top-touring artist of the decade—behind only The Rolling Stones and U2—with a gross of over $801 million, 6.3 million attendance and 244 sell-outs of 248 shows. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.335430145263672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna performed at the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief concert in January 2010. Her third live album, Sticky & Sweet Tour, was released in April, debuting at number ten on the Billboard 200. It also became her 20th top-ten album on the Oricon Albums Chart, breaking The Beatles' record for the most top-ten album by an international act in Japan. Madonna granted American TV show Glee the rights to her entire catalogue of music, and the producers planned an episode featuring Madonna songs exclusively. Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna, an EP containing eight cover versions of Madonna songs featured in the episode, was released afterward and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line, which she designed with her daughter, Lourdes. The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label. In October, Madonna opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard Candy Fitness. Madonna and MG Icon also released the second fashion brand called Truth or Dare by Madonna to include footwear, underclothing, and accessories. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.784501075744629, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna directed her second feature film, W.E., a biographic about the affair between King Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson. Co-written with Alek Keshishian, the film was premiered at the 68th Venice International Film Festival in September 2011. Critical and commercial response to the film was negative. Madonna contributed the ballad \"Masterpiece\" for the film's soundtrack, which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. In February 2012, Madonna performed at Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, visualized by Cirque Du Soleil and Jamie King and featured special guests LMFAO, Nicki Minaj, M.I.A. and Cee Lo Green. It became the then most-watched Super Bowl halftime show in history with 114 million viewers, higher than the game itself. Following her 360 deal with Live Nation, Madonna signed a three-album deal with Interscope Records, since Live Nation was not a record company. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.835027694702148, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Her twelfth studio album, MDNA, was released in March 2012 and saw collaboration with various producers, most notably with William Orbit again and Martin Solveig. The album was well received by music critics, with Priya Elan from NME calling it \"a ridiculously enjoyable romp\", citing its \"psychotic, soul-bearing stuff\" as \"some of the most visceral stuff she's ever done.\" MDNA became Madonna's fifth consecutive studio album to debut at the top of the Billboard 200. She also became the solo artist with the most number-one albums in the UK and Australia, breaking the record previously held by Elvis Presley in the UK and Jimmy Barnes in Australia. The lead single \"Give Me All Your Luvin'\", featuring guest vocals from Minaj and M.I.A., became Madonna's record-extending 38th top-ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.220879554748535, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "The MDNA Tour, which further promoted the album, began in May 2012 in Tel Aviv, Israel. The tour has received positive critical reception, but featured controversial subjects such as violence, firearms, human rights, nudity and politics. Lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour. It was a box office success with a gross of $305.2 million from 88 sold-out shows, and became the highest-grossing tour of 2012 and the tenth highest-grossing tour of all time. At the 2013 Billboard Music Awards, Madonna won three trophies for Top Touring Artist, Top Dance Artist and Top Dance Album. Madonna was named the top-earning celebrity of the year by Forbes, earning an estimated $125 million, due to the success of the tour. Madonna's fourth live album, MDNA World Tour, was released in September 2013. It debuted at number one on the US Top Music Videos chart, becoming her tenth release to top the chart—the most for any artist. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.46629524230957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "By 2013, Madonna's Raising Malawi organization built ten schools to educate 4,000 children in Malawi at a value of $400,000. When Madonna visited the schools in April 2013, President of Malawi Joyce Banda expressed criticism of the star and her charity, accusing her of exaggerating her charity's contribution. Madonna responded by releasing a statement saying she was saddened that Banda had chosen to act negatively about her endeavors. \"I have no intention of being distracted by these ridiculous allegations,\" she added. Later, it was confirmed that Banda had not approved the statement released written by her press team and was \"incandescent with anger\" over the mix-up. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.279694557189941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Working with photographer Steven Klein, Madonna completed a 17-minute film called secretprojectrevolution. The BitTorrent company was selected by Madonna to release the film as part of a Madonna bundle. It was released on September 24, 2013, and consisted of the 17-minute film, its stills, a Vice interview, and a message from Madonna. With the film she launched the Art for Freedom initiative, which helped to promote \"art and free speech as a means to address persecution and injustice across the globe\". The website for the project has had over 3,000 art related submissions since its inception, with Madonna regularly monitoring and enlisting the help of other artists like David Blaine and Katy Perry as guest curators. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.179305076599121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna extended her business ventures and in February 2014 the singer premiered MDNA Skin, a range of skin care products, in Tokyo, Japan. After visiting her hometown of Detroit during May 2014, Madonna decided to contribute funds to three of the city's organizations, to help eliminate poverty from there. The singer released a statement saying that she was inspired by their work, adding that \"it was obvious to me that I had to get involved and be part of the solution to help Detroit recover\". Madonna began work on her thirteenth studio album, with collaborators including Avicii, Diplo and Kanye West. In December 2014, thirteen demos recorded for the album leaked onto the Internet. She posted in response that half of the tracks would not be used on the final release, while the other half had \"changed and evolved\". Titled Rebel Heart, the album was released in March 2015. Music critics responded positively towards the album, calling it her best effort in a decade. Rebel Heart became Madonna's first album to miss the top position of the Billboard 200 since 1998, but it reached number one in other major music markets, including Australia, Canada, Germany and Italy. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.419379234313965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "From September 2015, she embarked on the Rebel Heart Tour to promote the album; the tour ended in March 2016 and traveled throughout North America, Europe and Asia and was the singer's first visit to Australia in 23 years, where she also performed a one-off show for her fans. It grossed a total of $169.8 million from the 82 shows, with over 1.045 million ticket sales. While on tour Madonna became embroiled in a legal battle with Ritchie, over the custody of her son Rocco. The dispute started when Rocco decided to continue living in England with Ritchie when the Rebel Heart Tour had visited there, while Madonna wanted him to return with her. Court hearings took place in both New York and London, and after multiple deliberations, Madonna decided to withdraw her application for custody, and appealed for a mutual discussion between herself and Ritchie about Rocco. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.316858291625977, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's music has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny. Robert M. Grant, author of Contemporary Strategy Analysis (2005), commented that what has brought Madonna success is \"certainly not outstanding natural talent. As a vocalist, musician, dancer, songwriter, or actress, Madonna's talents seem modest.\" He asserts Madonna's success is in relying on the talents of others, and that her personal relationships have served as cornerstones to the numerous reinventions in the longevity of her career. Madonna's approach was far from the music industry wisdom of \"Find a winning formula and stick to it.\" Her musical career has been a continuous experimentation with new musical ideas and new images and a constant quest for new heights of fame and acclaim. Grant concluded that \"having established herself as the queen of popular music, Madonna did not stop there, but continued re-inventing.\" Musicologist Susan McClary wrote that \"Madonna's art itself repeatedly deconstructs the traditional notion of the unified subject with finite ego boundaries. Her pieces explore various ways of constituting identities that refuse stability, that remain fluid, that resist definition.\" Critics noted that Madonna has \"pushed the boundaries\" in her music and image. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.505458831787109, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Throughout her career Madonna has been involved in writing and producing most of her own music. Madonna's early songwriting skill was developed during her time with the Breakfast Club in 1979. According to author Carol Gnojewski, her first attempts at songwriting are perceived as an important self-revelation, as Madonna said: \"I don't know where [the songs] came from. It was like magic. I'd write a song every day. I said 'Wow, I was meant to do this'.\" Madonna later became the sole writer of five songs on her debut album, including \"Lucky Star\" which she composed on synthesizer. Rolling Stone has named her \"an exemplary songwriter with a gift for hooks and indelible lyrics.\" According to Freya Jarman-Ivens, Madonna's talent for developing \"incredible\" hooks for her songs allows the lyrics to capture the attention of the audience, even without the influence of the music. As an example, Jarman-Ivens cites the 1985 single \"Into the Groove\" and its line \"Live out your fantasy here with me, just let the music set you free; Touch my body, and move in time, now I know you're mine.\" Though Madonna has worked with producers across many genres, her songs have been consistently stamped with her own sensibility and inflected with autobiographical detail. Some of her lyrics contain innuendos and double entendre, which led to multiple interpretations among music critics and scholars. Madonna has been nominated for being inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame twice, for 2014 and 2016 ceremony. Rolling Stone listed Madonna at number 56 on the \"100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.984971046447754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted that with her self-titled debut album, Madonna began her career as a disco diva, in an era that did not have any such divas to speak of. In the beginning of the '80's, disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, and according to Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music. The album's songs reveal several key trends that have continued to define her success, including a strong dance-based idiom, catchy hooks, highly polished arrangements and Madonna's own vocal style. Her second album, Like a Virgin (1984), foreshadowed several trends in her later works. It contained references to classical works (pizzicato synthesizer line that opens \"Angel\"); potential negative reaction from social groups (\"Dress You Up\" was blacklisted by the Parents Music Resource Center); and retro styles (\"Shoo-Bee-Doo\", Madonna's homage to Motown). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.699239730834961, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Her mature artistic statement was visible in True Blue (1986) and Like a Prayer (1989). In True Blue, she incorporated classical music in order to engage an older audience who had been skeptical of her music. Like a Prayer introduced live recorded songs and incorporated different genres of music, including dance, funk, R&B and gospel music. Her versatility was further shown on I'm Breathless, which consists predominantly of the 1940s Broadway showtune-flavoured jazz, swing and big band tracks. Madonna continued to compose ballads and uptempo dance songs for Erotica (1992) and Bedtime Stories (1994). Both albums explored element of new jack swing, with Jim Farber from Entertainment Weekly saying that \"she could actually be viewed as new jack swing's godmother.\" She tried to remain contemporary by incorporating samples, drum loops and hip hop into her music. With Ray of Light, Madonna brought electronic music from its underground status into massive popularity in mainstream music scene. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.787751197814941, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna experimented with more folk and acoustic music in Music (2000) and American Life (2003). A change was noted in the content of the songs in Music, with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy. According to Q magazine, American Life was characterized by \"a thumping techno rhythm, liquid keyboard lines, an acoustic chorus and a bizarre Madonna rap.\" The \"conventional rock songs\" of the album were suffused with dramatic lyrics about patriotism and composition, including the appearance of a gospel choir in the song \"Nothing Fails\". Madonna returned to pure dance songs with Confessions on a Dance Floor, infusing club beats and retro music with the lyrics about paradoxical metaphors and reference to her earlier works. Madonna moved to urban direction with Hard Candy (2008), mixing R&B and hip hop music with dance tunes. MDNA (2012) largely focused in electronic dance music, which she has embraced since Ray of Light. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.057706832885742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Possessing a mezzo-soprano vocal range, Madonna has always been self-conscious about her voice, especially in comparison to her vocal idols such as Ella Fitzgerald, Prince, and Chaka Khan. Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, called her \"the perfect vocalist for lighter-than-air songs\", despite not being a \"heavyweight talent.\" According to MSNBC critic Tony Sclafani, \"Madonna's vocals are the key to her rock roots. Pop vocalists usually sing songs \"straight,\" but Madonna employs subtext, irony, aggression and all sorts of vocal idiosyncrasies in the ways John Lennon and Bob Dylan did.\" Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works. The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how the critics had once labelled her as \"Minnie Mouse on helium\". During the filming of Evita, Madonna had to take vocal lessons, which increased her range further. Of this experience she commented, \"I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using. Before, I just believed I had a really limited range and was going to make the most of it.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.486453533172607, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Besides singing Madonna has the ability to play several musical instruments. She learned to play drum and guitar from her then-boyfriend Dan Gilroy in the late 1970s before joining the Breakfast Club line-up as the drummer. This helped her to form the band Emmy, where she performed as the guitarist and lead vocalist. Madonna later played guitar on her demo recordings. On the liner notes of Pre-Madonna, Stephen Bray wrote: \"I've always thought she passed up a brilliant career as a rhythm guitarist.\" After her career breakthrough, Madonna focused mainly in singing but was also credited for playing cowbell on Madonna (1983) and synthesizer on Like a Prayer (1989). In 1999, Madonna had studied for three months to play the violin for the role as a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart, before eventually leaving the project. After two decades, Madonna decided to perform with guitar again during the promotion of Music (2000). She took further lessons from guitarist Monte Pittman to improve her guitar skill. Since then Madonna has played guitar on every tour, as well as her studio albums. At the 2002 Orville H. Gibson Guitar Awards, she received nomination for Les Paul Horizon Award, which honors the most promising up-and-coming guitarist. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.291330337524414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "According to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming. According to Ablow, the younger a child is at the time of a serious loss, the more profound the influence and the longer lasting the impact. He concludes that \"some people never reconcile themselves to such a loss at an early age, Madonna is not different than them.\" Conversely, author Lucy O'Brien feels the impact of the rape she suffered is, in fact, the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done, more important even than the death of her mother: \"It's not so much grief at her mother's death that drives her, as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected. She encountered her own worst possible scenario, becoming a victim of male violence, and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work, reversing the equation at every opportunity.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.122772216796875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "As they grew older Madonna and her sisters would feel deep sadness as the vivid memory of their mother began drifting farther from them. They would study pictures of her and come to think that she resembled poet Anne Sexton and Hollywood actresses. This would later raise Madonna's interest in poetry, with Sylvia Plath being her favourite. Later, Madonna commented: \"We were all wounded in one way or another by [her death], and then we spent the rest of our lives reacting to it or dealing with it or trying to turn into something else. The anguish of losing my mom left me with a certain kind of loneliness and an incredible longing for something. If I hadn't had that emptiness, I wouldn't have been so driven. Her death had a lot to do with me saying—after I got over my heartache—I'm going to be really strong if I can't have my mother. I'm going to take care of myself.\" Taraborrelli felt that in time, no doubt because of the devastation she felt, Madonna would never again allow herself, or even her daughter, to feel as abandoned as she had felt when her mother died. \"Her death had taught [Madonna] a valuable lesson, that she would have to remain strong for herself because, she feared weakness—particularly her own—and wanted to be the queen of her own castle.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.043190956115723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In 1985, Madonna commented that the first song to ever make a strong impression on her was \"These Boots Are Made for Walkin'\" by Nancy Sinatra; she said it summed up her own \"take-charge attitude\". As a young woman, she attempted to broaden her taste in literature, art, and music, and during this time became interested in classical music. She noted that her favorite style was baroque, and loved Mozart and Chopin because she liked their \"feminine quality\". Madonna's major influences include Karen Carpenter, The Supremes and Led Zeppelin, as well as dancers Martha Graham and Rudolf Nureyev. She also grew up listening to David Bowie, whose show was the first rock concert she ever attended. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.081795692443848, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's Italian-Catholic background and her relationship with her parents are reflected in the album Like a Prayer. It was an evocation of the impact religion had on her career. Her video for the title track contains Catholic symbolism, such as the stigmata. During The Virgin Tour, she wore a rosary and prayed with it in the music video for \"La Isla Bonita\". The \"Open Your Heart\" video sees her boss scolding her in the Italian language. On the Who's That Girl World Tour, she dedicated the song \"Papa Don't Preach\" to Pope John Paul II. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.600531578063965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, \"I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny ... and I saw myself in them ... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence.\" Her \"Material Girl\" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for \"Express Yourself\" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for \"Vogue\" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard, and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol. However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, \"[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest.\" According to biographer Andrew Morton, \"Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt.\" After the box office bomb Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film, hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.337258338928223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. The music video of the song \"Bedtime Story\" featured images inspired by the paintings of Kahlo and Remedios Varo. Madonna is also a collector of Tamara de Lempicka's Art Deco paintings and has included them in her music videos and tours. Her video for \"Hollywood\" (2003) was an homage to the work of photographer Guy Bourdin; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorised use of his father's work. Pop artist Andy Warhol's use of sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for \"Erotica\" and \"Deeper and Deeper\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.824352264404297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah, and in 2004 she adopted the name Esther which in Persian means \"star\". She has donated millions of dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject. She faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption of the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case of celebrity dilettantism. Madonna defended her studies, saying: \"It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party\", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is \"not hurting anybody\". The influence of the Kabbalah was subsequently observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray of Light and Music. During the Re-Invention World Tour, at one point in the show, Madonna and her dancers wore T-shirts that read \"Kabbalists Do It Better\". Her 2012 MDNA album has also drawn many influences from her Catholic upbringing, and since 2011 she has been attending meetings and services at an Opus Dei center, a Catholic institution that encourages spirituality through every day life. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.232518196105957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In The Madonna Companion biographers Allen Metz and Carol Benson noted that more than any other recent pop artist, Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and enhance her recorded work. According to them, many of her songs have the imagery of the music video in strong context, while referring to the music. Cultural critic Mark C. Taylor in his book Nots (1993) felt that the postmodern art form par excellence is video and the reigning \"queen of video\" is Madonna. He further asserted that \"the most remarkable creation of MTV is Madonna. The responses to Madonna's excessively provocative videos have been predictably contradictory.\" The media and public reaction towards her most-discussed songs such as \"Papa Don't Preach\", \"Like a Prayer\", or \"Justify My Love\" had to do with the music videos created to promote the songs and their impact, rather than the songs themselves. Morton felt that \"artistically, Madonna's songwriting is often overshadowed by her striking pop videos.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.696885108947754, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's initial music videos reflected her American and Hispanic mixed street style combined with a flamboyant glamor. She was able to transmit her avant-garde downtown New York fashion sense to the American audience. The imagery and incorporation of Hispanic culture and Catholic symbolism continued with the music videos from the True Blue era. Author Douglas Kellner noted, \"such 'multiculturalism' and her culturally transgressive moves turned out to be highly successful moves that endeared her to large and varied youth audiences.\" Madonna's Spanish look in the videos became the fashion trend of that time, in the form of boleros and layered skirts, accessorizing with rosary beads and a crucifix as in the video of \"La Isla Bonita\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.206151962280273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for \"Like a Prayer\". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her \"The Greatest Music Video Star Ever\" and said that \"Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.973159790039062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's emergence occurred during the advent of MTV; Chris Nelson from The New York Times spoke of pop artists like Madonna saying, \"MTV, with its almost exclusively lip-synched videos, ushered in an era in which average music fans might happily spend hours a day, every day, watching singers just mouth the words.\" The symbiotic relationship between the music video and lip-syncing led to a desire for the spectacle and imagery of the music video to be transferred to live stage shows. He added, \"Artists like Madonna and Janet Jackson set new standards for showmanship, with concerts that included not only elaborate costumes and precision-timed pyrotechnics but also highly athletic dancing. These effects came at the expense of live singing.\" Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News commented that while Madonna earned a reputation for lip-syncing during her 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour, she has subsequently reorganized her performances by \"stay[ing] mostly still during her toughest singing parts and [leaves] the dance routines to her backup troupe ... [r]ather than try to croon and dance up a storm at the same time.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.512618064880371, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "To allow for greater movement while dancing and singing, Madonna was one of the earliest adopters of hands-free radio-frequency headset microphones, with the headset fastened over the ears or the top of the head, and the microphone capsule on a boom arm that extended to the mouth. Because of her prominent usage, the microphone design came to be known as the \"Madonna mic\". Metz noted that Madonna represents a paradox as she is often perceived as living her whole life as a performance. While her big-screen performances are panned, her live performances are critical successes. Madonna was the first artist to have her concert tours as reenactment of her music videos. Author Elin Diamond explained that reciprocally, the fact that images from Madonna's videos can be recreated in a live setting enhances the realism of the original videos. Thus her live performances have become the means by which mediatized representations are naturalized. Taraborrelli said that encompassing multimedia, latest technology and sound systems, Madonna's concerts and live performances are deemed as \"extravagant show piece, a walking art show.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.56081485748291, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Various music journalists, critical theorists, and authors have deemed Madonna the most influential female recording artist of all time. Author Carol Clerk wrote that \"during her career, Madonna has transcended the term 'pop star' to become a global cultural icon.\" Rolling Stone of Spain wrote that \"She became the first viral Master of Pop in history, years before the Internet was massively used. Madonna was everywhere; in the almighty music television channels, 'radio formulas', magazine covers and even in bookshops. A pop dialectic, never seen since The Beatles's reign, which allowed her to keep on the edge of tendency and commerciality.\" Laura Barcella in her book Madonna and Me: Women Writers on the Queen of Pop (2012) wrote that \"really, Madonna changed everything the musical landscape, the '80s look du jour, and most significantly, what a mainstream female pop star could (and couldn't) say, do, or accomplish in the public eye.\" William Langley from The Daily Telegraph felt that \"Madonna has changed the world's social history, has done more things as more different people than anyone else is ever likely to.\" Alan McGee from The Guardian felt that Madonna is a post-modern art, the likes of which we will never see again. He further asserted that Madonna and Michael Jackson invented the terms Queen and King of Pop. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.00178050994873, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, \"It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female.\" Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that \"Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers.\" According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her \"daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her.\" Time magazine included her in the list of the \"25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century\", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of \"100 Greatest Women in Music\" and \"50 Greatest Women of the Video Era\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.225194931030273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's use of sexual imagery has benefited her career and catalyzed public discourse on sexuality and feminism. As Roger Chapman documents in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, Volume 1 (2010), she has drawn frequent condemnation from religious organizations, social conservatives and parental watchdog groups for her use of explicit, sexual imagery and lyrics, religious symbolism, and otherwise \"irreverent\" behavior in her live performances. The Times wrote that she had \"started a revolution amongst women in music ... Her attitudes and opinions on sex, nudity, style and sexuality forced the public to sit up and take notice.\" Professor John Fiske noted that the sense of empowerment that Madonna offers is inextricably connected with the pleasure of exerting some control over the meanings of self, of sexuality, and of one's social relations. In Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture (2009), the authors noted that Madonna, as a female celebrity, performer, and pop icon, is able to unsettle standing feminist reflections and debates. According to lesbian feminist Sheila Jeffreys, Madonna represents woman's occupancy of what Monique Wittig calls the category of sex, as powerful, and appears to gleefully embrace the performance of the sexual corvée allotted to women. Professor Sut Jhally has referred to Madonna as \"an almost sacred feminist icon.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.987062454223633, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna has received acclaim as a role model for businesswomen in her industry, \"achieving the kind of financial control that women had long fought for within the industry\", and generating over $1.2 billion in sales within the first decade of her career. Professor Colin Barrow from Cranfield School of Management described Madonna as \"America's smartest businesswoman ... who has moved to the top of her industry and stayed there by constantly reinventing herself.\" London Business School academics called her a \"dynamic entrepreneur\" worth copying; they identified her vision of success, her understanding of the music industry, her ability to recognize her own performance limits (and thus bring in help), her willingness to work hard and her ability to adapt as the keys to her commercial success. Morton wrote that \"Madonna is opportunistic, manipulative, and ruthless—somebody who won't stop until she gets what she wants—and that's something you can get at the expense of maybe losing your close ones. But that hardly mattered to her.\" Hazel Blackmore and Rafael Fernández de Castro in the book ¿Qué es Estados Unidos? from the Fondo de Cultura Económica, noted: \"Madonna has been undoubtedly the most important woman in the history of popular music and a great businesswoman in herself; creating fashion, breaking taboos and provoking controversies.\" According to Forbes, Madonna is the wealthiest woman in the music business.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.607422828674316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide. The Guinness World Records acknowledged her as the best-selling female recording artist and the fourth best-selling act of all time, behind The Beatles, Elvis Presley, and Michael Jackson. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second top-selling female albums artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. Madonna is the most certified artist of all time in United Kingdom, with 45 awards from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) as of April 2013. Billboard named Madonna as the top touring female artist of all time. She is also the highest grossing solo touring artist, with over $1.31 billion in concert gross, starting from the Blond Ambition World Tour; she first crossed a billion gross with The MDNA Tour. Overall, Madonna ranks third on all-time top-grossing Billboard Boxscore list, with just The Rolling Stones ($1.84 billion) and U2 ($1.67 billion) ahead of her. Madonna has been honored with 20 MTV Video Music Awards—the most for any artist—including the lifetime achievement Video Vanguard Award in 1986. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.165574073791504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna holds the record for the most number-ones on all combined Billboard charts, including twelve number-one songs on the Billboard Hot 100 and eight number-one albums on the Billboard 200. With 45 songs topping the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, Madonna became the artist with the most number-one songs on an active Billboard chart, pulling ahead of George Strait with 44 number-one songs on the Hot Country Songs chart. She has also scored 38 top-ten singles on the Hot 100, more than any other artist in history. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked her at number two, behind The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.116375923156738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "* Madonna (1983)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.406394004821777, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "* Truth or Dare by Madonna (2011)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.803677558898926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's speaking dialect of choice is a truly funny mishmash of \"white American woman putting on a vaguely brit/euro/posh accent.\" But then one out of her every dozen vowel sounds misses its mark, and you hear a fleeting glimpse of the Ciccone clan from Pontiac MI.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.965577125549316, "source": "search", "title": "Celebrity Speech Impediments, Accents, Dialects, etc." }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Her music isn't something I'd pay to listen to, though I did pay to see her in the film 'Desperately Seeking Susan' and I quite enjoyed it, which is more than can be said for that dreadful documentary 'In Bed With Madonna' which should have been renamed 'In Earshot of Madonna', because there was so much swearing in it that it ceased being funny!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.421735763549805, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "@T.N.T you must be MAD! Have you seen Madonna side by side against 6 FT Geena Davis in A League Of Their Own? In running plimsoles (which are no more than an inch in length) she came up above Davis' shoulder-so she MUST be over 5 ft 3! Her arms, legs & torso are too long for her to be 5 feet considering how athletically muscly she is!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.614705085754395, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna has to be 5'5\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.855080604553223, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "That makes Madonna 5'. Excuse me while I laugh.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.23693561553955, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "My sis who is about 5'5\" said several years ago in Malibu she stood NEXT to Ms. Madonna, who came up to the middle of her nose. Actually my sister is closer to 5'4\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.898728370666504, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Besides Katy Perry, actor Benjamin Bratt remarked on one of the things which surprised him when he met her was how Madonna was \"quite petite\" (at 5:36) Click Here", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.59240436553955, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Katy Perry (5'7\") mentioned she was surprised how small Madonna was when she met her the first time and how she towered over her:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.804838180541992, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "anonangel: I can most certainly assure you that Madonna is nowhere near 5'8 - accept maybe in platform wedges. She herself only claims five four and a half.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.487005233764648, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I held a door open to a lady in tweeds and her friend whilst entering a bar at the Berkeley Hotel in Knightsbridge around 2003/4 and was puzzled how she made her way past the rest of us to the front of the queue and was seated and served immediately by the bar staff. After, she handed over her tweed hat and jacket I could see why - it was none other than Madonna. She was in her mid 40s and looked about 28 with good skin. It's about the only time in my life when I have been truly star-struck. Taking into account her footwear, I would put her at 5ft4.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.247822761535645, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's father & My great grandmother were cousins. I've seen Madonna in concert a few years ago & she looked about 5'3\" not counting the huge heels she had on. She was probably 5'4 no more, back in the 80s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.70793342590332, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I know someone in the music biz who's very close to Madonna. She's 5'2\" and said Madonna is a little shorter than she is. It really doesn't matter but no way is Madonna anything close to 5'4\". 5'1\" is probably about right.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.171003341674805, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna has her beat in every photo with Perez. Madonna doesn't wear tread at awards, she's a strong 5' 3\", bit more at age 23. AW's tale is laughable, she's nowhere near 5' 0\" or 5' 1\" or 2\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.65720272064209, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Here's a better picture of Madonna next to 5f1.5 Rosie Perez - both have boots on but Madonna's has more of a tread Click Here I really doubt Madonna is above 5f2", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.109941482543945, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In 1994, my sister and I spent nearly an hour in a very small shoe store in virginia highlands (atlanta) with madonna. At many times they stood side by side, butt to butt standing in front of a shoe mirror. i paid close attention to the different size heals and at one point they had on the same pair if different colors. my sister - i measured afterwards barefoot because I was shocked by Madonna's petiteness... my sister measured 5'4 3/8\". Madonna was considerably shorter. she is either 5'0, 5'1 or 5'2\"max! I would bet my life on it. The fact that this site lists her at 5.3.5 makes me question all other heights listed here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.141088485717773, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "somebody else. Madonna is simply not longed limbed enough to fall in", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.504240036010742, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "that category of 5'6 to 5'7. Madonna of average height and no more or", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.855109691619873, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "it as well. 5' 4\" for Madonna. No more or less. If I'm correct, I know", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.073721885681152, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Don't forget the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. Madonna, Britney and Aguilera were wearing the similar high heels. Here are some pics.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.535941123962402, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Hmmm? Madonna is nearly 50, is it possible she has shrunk like the rest of us mere mortals? 5'3 is generous.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.243555068969727, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna, I remember, used to be about 5ft 5 when she was 'workin' the clubs in NYC. Howeva, she would dance so frantically to her songs--when the DJs played her stuff; that over the years, she shrunk a couple of inches due to severe \"dancefloor burn\", as well as a hidden addiction to foreign, frozen microwaveable snacks. The material girl is so adorable though, that even if she was a little poodle barking obnoxiously loud; all the die-hard fans would applaud among tears and hysterical screams of desperation to be within feet of her madge-esty. Afterall, her new line of clothing 'M' was sold out in stores the first day, because of the frenzied hordes of madge-wannabe's, desperate to over-indulge on her new rags.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.250862121582031, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "hey Glenn, were you getting married with Madonna in that picture?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.569504737854004, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna has been to Italy countless times, she's 160cm flat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.825327396392822, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "But at 5'3, Madonna isn't tiny or very small. She's about an inch below average. You would think the Canadian person was describing a person of 4'11 or 5'0.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.707948684692383, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Canadian person in Malawi was saying in paper on meeting madonna:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.663928985595703, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "To me she seems she is 5´3 or 5´3.5 When she stood next to Britney in the 2003 VMA´s she clearly was at least an inch shorter than Britney. If Britney is 5´4 I´m guessing that Madonna is 5´3 cuz she is clearly shorter than Britney.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.154342651367188, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "My sister is 5-5. She said she stood next to Madonna at a Malibu restaurant (mid 90's) and Madonna had come up to her at nose level, and my sister carries herself more like five-six.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.178171157836914, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I saw her leaving her hotel in Prague, Czech Republic last September (where she was on tour), from the very short distance, and I could say she is indeed around 5,4. She is tiny, but she's def not a midget! I also met and took a photo wit Donna de Lory, her long-time back up singer who is about the same height as Madonna, and I she is also about 5,4. So....", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.51785945892334, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I saw her leaving her hotel in Prague, Czech Republic last September (where she was on tour), from the very short distance, and I could say she is indeed around 5,4. She is tiny, but she's def not a midget! I also met and took a photo wit Donna de Lory, her long-time back up singer who is about the same height as Madonna, and I she is also about 5,4. So....", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.51785945892334, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "On the famous American Bandstand clip from '83, Madonna is the shortest person in the studio.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.832327842712402, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna is approx 5'1 maybe 5'2 - but noticebly shorter than my wife 5'3.5", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.200998306274414, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I remember Casares. I think she was a little more than Madonna's shadow ...if you know what I mean.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.717735290527344, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "The girl in the background is Ingrid Casares. Madonna's shadow for a number of years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.180693626403809, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "“Now lets get a closer look” I saw know danger, so I slowly move right hand toward her slowly, like a snake slithering for food. She was watching every move I make as she tries to avoid my hand. My hand starts opening up on the left side of her outstanding looking frame. I touch her lower backside of her physique body with my palm. She said in anger “What are you doing How Dare you touch me” as my Pinky wraps around her legs leaving her lower legs free. With my two middle fingers curling around her hips and waist, then my forefinger going under her arms leaving her hands free and my thumb circling under her breasts. The Warm and Sensual Madonna was now enclosed in the palm of my hand.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.684720993041992, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna uses a lot of bright flat lighting in her shows. A lot of older actresses used it decades ago to make themselves younger being washed out from all sides by the lit heavy stage. She doesn't need it. Like Sophia Loren, that Italian blood means nice skin. She knows how to use motion picture make-up to flare out the lines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.730310440063477, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "what size does Madonna use in shoes????", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.869168281555176, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "she is definitely no more than 1.57 because in comparison with gwyneth paltrow she looks like a chid,i`m 1.57 myself and my friend has the same height as paltrow and when we go together it looks the same as madonna with gwyneth", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.414841651916504, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I agree she looks 5ft 3 to me especially in the pics with Britney who is about 5'5\"! Madonna is clearly not a midget!!!!!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.122502326965332, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna's heels on Ellen are about 3-4 inches I think she is 5'3\" exactly anything under doesn't make sense but she is definately not 5'4.5\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.283574104309082, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Madonna should be listed as 5'3\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.941258430480957, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Glenn, what did you make of madonna height when you saw her?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.918546676635742, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Didn't Golria Estifan (5\"1.5) say she was the same height as Madonna?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.945006847381592, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "In the UK magazine weekly Grazia it described Madonna as \"the 5\"3 singer\" and they are usually correct with their information. Also in the pic on the Jlo listing with Britney and Kelly Rippa, Britney looks shorter than 5\"5 and Madonna is a good bit shorter than Britney- this MUST mean Madonna is smaller than she says!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.458361625671387, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "Go to www.pinkisthenewblog.com and look at a pic of the guy sho runs the site with Madonna at the TRL (purple dress/huge sprkle shoes).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.290059089660645, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "I saw Madonna on MTV's TRL a couple of weeks ago and she looked very short even with very high heels. She seemed very uncomfortable standing next to the tall young hostess.(Vanessa Minnillo 5'9\"). When asked the ages of her children she said 5 and 9, just like me, and looked up at Minnillo, trying to make light of the situation. Another funny thing was Madonna got to pick a winner in a dance contest and she picked a girl that couldn't have been 5'.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.1647748947143555, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "[Editor Rob: minnillo 5ft 9? I ain't sure about that, I peg her in the 171-2cm range...but Madonna's 5ft 4.5 claim...]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.838415145874023, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" }, { "answer": "Madonna", "passage": "My aunt met Madonna in London last year and Madonna was wearing trainers and my aunt said she was incredibly tiny!! My aunt is 5\"5 so I don't think Madonna can be 5\"4 at all!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.07564926147461, "source": "search", "title": "Madonna Height - How tall - How tall are Celebrities?" } ]

[ { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Charles Patrick Ryan O'Neal (born April 20, 1941), known professionally as Ryan O'Neal, is an American actor and former amateur boxer.", "precise_score": 6.987834930419922, "rough_score": 6.521753787994385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ryan O'Neal" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Ryan O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California, USA as Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III. He is an actor, known for Peyton Place (1964), Barry Lyndon (1975) and Paper Moon (1973). He was previously married to Leigh Taylor-Young and Joanna Moore .", "precise_score": 6.1390862464904785, "rough_score": 4.898279666900635, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "The elder O’Neal has a history of alcohol and drug abuse, and was estranged from his three eldest children (actress Tatum, actor Griffin, and Patrick) for many years. The Today Show recently ran a segment featuring “the Professionals” panel, with the question: Is Ryan O’Neal a bad father?", "precise_score": 0.36467862129211426, "rough_score": -0.2179015576839447, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The ..." }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Born Patrick Ryan O’Neal on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California, Ryan O’Neal is one of Hollywood's favorite actors.", "precise_score": 4.690577983856201, "rough_score": 2.7031009197235107, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal Actor - Official Website" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Ryan O'Neal was born on April 20, 1941 in Los Angeles, California, USA as Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III. He is an actor, known for Peyton Place (1964), Barry Lyndon (1975) and Paper Moon (1973). He was previously married to Leigh Taylor-Young and Joanna Moore . See full bio »", "precise_score": 6.163363456726074, "rough_score": 4.976011753082275, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "O'Neal was in a long-term relationship with actress Farrah Fawcett until her death in 2009. He was previously married to actresses Joanna Moore and Leigh Taylor-Young; both marriages ended in divorce. He has four children: Tatum O'Neal and Griffin O'Neal (with Moore), Patrick O'Neal (with Taylor-Young), and Redmond James Fawcett O'Neal (with Fawcett; born January 30, 1985). In her 2014 memoir, Anjelica Huston claimed that O'Neal physically abused her when they were in a relationship. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.029617786407471, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ryan O'Neal" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "For several years, O'Neal was estranged from his elder three children. However, in 2011, Tatum reconciled with her father with a book and a television show. On August 4, O'Neal, Tatum, and Patrick appeared on Redmond's court appearance on firearms and drug charges. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.96839714050293, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ryan O'Neal" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "O'Neal has nine grandchildren: three from Tatum's marriage to tennis player John McEnroe, four from both of Griffin's marriages, and two from Patrick's relationship with actress Rebecca De Mornay. He is a great-grandfather by his estranged son, Griffin. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.415205478668213, "source": "wiki", "title": "Ryan O'Neal" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Charles Samuel Eldridge Patrick Ryan O'Neal III", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.47966018319129944, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Father of actor Patrick O'Neal from his marriage to Leigh Taylor-Young .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.580548286437988, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The Today Show’s ‘Professionals’ | Mediaite", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.988615036010742, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The ..." }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The Today Show’s ‘Professionals’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.831757545471191, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The ..." }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Los Angeles sportscaster Patrick O’Neal, son of troubled actor Ryan O’Neal, appeared on Access Hollywood Live Tuesday and blasted each of the Today Show’s “Professionals” panelists for their poor treatment of his father the previous week.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3996171951293945, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The ..." }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Patrick O’Neal came to his father’s defense:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.706340789794922, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O’Neal’s Son Patrick Goes On NBC And Trashes The ..." }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "American actor Charles Patrick Ryan O’Neal, Jr has an estimated net worth of $15 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.522982597351074, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal Net Worth - TheRichest" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Anyone know what the story is with Ryan being estranged from his son Patrick? He grew up with his mother Leigh Taylor-Young - yet she is still on good terms with Ryan. BTW Patrick is a sportscaster and was married to Rebecca DeMornay.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.709214210510254, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan and Tatum: The O''Neals - the Data Lounge" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "I have read Tatun's book and saw Ryan on Piers Morgan. Based on that, I believe that he did try to pick Tatum up at Farrah's funeral. %0D %0D But the part about Ryan and his kids (Tatum, Griffin, not Patrick) causing Farrah's cancer seems like the thoughts the thought of a washed-up 70 year old man who has too much time on his hands.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.387079238891602, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan and Tatum: The O''Neals - the Data Lounge" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Surprised that Patrick was there. There was no reference to him whatsoever in the series that I recall. Maybe he insisted he not be mentioned?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491975784301758, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan and Tatum: The O''Neals - the Data Lounge" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "[quote]Patrick O'Neal is a lucky, lucky man. Leigh Taylor Young must be a saint to have raised a normal kid and get out while she could. I can't help but feel sorry for Tatum, Griffin and Redmond.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.970158576965332, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan and Tatum: The O''Neals - the Data Lounge" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "It's a myth that being raised by Leigh Taylor Young was what mad Patrick O'Neal so normal. He spent a big chunk of his youth in boarding schools and lived with Ryan in his later teen years. Leigh was/is kind of space and was into a lot of new age/spiritual stuff that eventually cost her her life savings. Ryan ended up helping her out financially in the 90's.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.03181266784668, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan and Tatum: The O''Neals - the Data Lounge" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "His first movie was Elmore Leonard 's The Big Bounce with Van Heflin , and he was Oscar-nominated for the six-hanky weeper Love Story with Ali MacGraw . He earned good reviews as the rising young Irishman in Barry Lyndon with Patrick Magee , the scheming hustler in Paper Moon with his daughter Tatum O'Neal , and the bumbling professor in the near-perfect screwball comedy What's Up Doc? with Barbra Streisand . His last successful film as a leading man was the boxing comedy The Main Event with Streisand in 1979.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.820666313171387, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "His brother Kevin O'Neal was an actor, mostly in small roles on TV shows and bit parts in films, until leaving the business in the mid-1970s. His son Griffin O'Neal was also an actor, with featured roles in such cinema as Assault of the Killer Bimbos and Ghoulies III: Ghoulies Go to College, until quitting in the early 1990s. Another son, Patrick O'Neal, is still an actor, most recently seen in a supporting role in Wild Hogs with Tim Allen . Oscar-winning Daughter Tatum O'Neal has resumed her acting career since her divorce from tennis star John McEnroe , but she is estranged from her father, claiming that he beat her when she was a child.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2177443504333496, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "Son: Patrick O'Neal (actor, b. 14-Sep-1967)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.029087066650391, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal - NNDB" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "In 1979, Ryan met and fell in love with actress Farrah Fawcett. Together they co-starred in the made-for-TV miniseries Small Sacrifices (1989) and Good Sports (1991). Ryan and Farrah had one child Redmond. Ryan's other children include daughter Tatum, and sons Griffin and Patrick. Read Ryan's full bio or go to his IMDB page.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.920384883880615, "source": "search", "title": "Ryan O'Neal Actor - Official Website" }, { "answer": "Patrick", "passage": "McEnroe with dad, John McEnroe in NYC in 2011.Patrick McMullan", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44642162322998, "source": "search", "title": "Tatum O'Neal's sad, twisted family affair | New York Post" } ]

[ { "answer": "Noël Coward", "passage": "Mad Dogs & Englishmen is a live album by Joe Cocker, released in 1970. The album's title is drawn from the 1931 Noël Coward song of the same name. Only four songs of the 16 on the original album were drawn from his first two studio albums. Besides the contributions of bandmate and musical director Leon Russell, it draws equally from rock (the Rolling Stones, Traffic, Bob Dylan, the Beatles) and soul (Ray Charles, Sam and Dave, Otis Redding). Accompanying Cocker is a choir, a three-piece horn section and several drummers.", "precise_score": 9.498879432678223, "rough_score": 8.788421630859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mad Dogs & Englishmen (album)" }, { "answer": "Noël Coward", "passage": "\"Mad Dogs and Englishmen\" is a song written by Noël Coward and first performed in The Third Little Show at the Music Box Theatre, New York, on 1 June 1931, by Beatrice Lillie. The following year it was used in the revue Words and Music and also released in a \"studio version\". It then became a signature feature in Coward's cabaret act.", "precise_score": 11.15190315246582, "rough_score": 9.415366172790527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen (song)" }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "However, if one only wanted a quick three-minute snapshot of what they were like, the famous song 'Mad Dogs and Englishmen' probably does it best. This tongue-in-cheek lampoon of the British colonial mentality was written in 1932 by perhaps Britain's finest wit, composer and theatrical bon-vivant, Noel Coward.", "precise_score": 10.116539001464844, "rough_score": 9.0282564163208, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen - Sabri's Home Page" }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Lyrics for Mad Dogs And Englishmen - Noel Coward. | ESL Lounge", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.133013725280762, "source": "search", "title": "Lyrics for Mad Dogs And Englishmen - Noel Coward ... - ESL ..." }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Mad Dogs And Englishmen    Noel Coward", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.270669460296631, "source": "search", "title": "Lyrics for Mad Dogs And Englishmen - Noel Coward ... - ESL ..." }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Go Out in the Midday Sun: Updating Noel Coward on the Looney Front | The Huffington Post", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.770124912261963, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Go Out in ... - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Go Out in the Midday Sun: Updating Noel Coward on the Looney Front", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.254256248474121, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Go Out in ... - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Sometimes by design, sometimes through thoughtlessness or plain idiocy, sometimes just because I get antsy if I sit still, I find myself doing my British passport justice, at least by the lights of Noel Coward's iconic song, sweating and puffing about in the broiling noonday sun just like the playwright/composer's mad dogs and Englishmen.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.880468368530273, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Go Out in ... - The Huffington Post" }, { "answer": "Noël Coward", "passage": "Mad Dogs And Englishmen by Noël Coward Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 8.760485649108887, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs And Englishmen by Noël Coward Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Noël Coward", "passage": "This song, which is one of his very finest, became Noël Coward's signature tune. In his biography, A Talent To Amuse, Sheridan Morley said Coward wrote it while driving from Hanoi to Saigon \"without pen, paper, or piano\". In Noël Coward: The Complete Lyrics , more detail is given by Coward himself: \"I wrestled in my mind with the complicated rhythms and rhymes of the song until finally it was complete, without even the aid of pencil and paper. I sang it triumphantly and unaccompanied to my travelling companion on the verandah of a small jungle guest house. Not only Jeffrey, but the gecko lizards and the tree frogs gave every vocal indication of enthusiasm\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5996928215026855, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs And Englishmen by Noël Coward Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Noël Coward", "passage": "Noël Coward was born in 1899 at the peak of the British Empire, the greatest empire in history, on which the Sun never set. \"Mad Dogs And Englishmen\" satirizes the Colonials who ran this Empire, and who in the 1930s were still administering it as if they ruled the Earth. To emphasize this he included a few bars of \" Rule, Britannia! \" The song was first performed in The Third Little Show at the Music Box Theatre, New York, on June 1, 1931, by Beatrice Lillie. Shortly it went into the revue Words And Music, and then into Coward's own cabaret act. \"Mad Dogs And Englishman\" was Prime Minister Winston Churchill's favorite Coward song.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.127072811126709, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs And Englishmen by Noël Coward Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen (Noel Coward) In tropical climes there are certain times of day When all the citizens retire, to tear their clothes off and perspire. It's one of those rules that the biggest fools obey, Because the sun is much too sultry and one must avoid its ultry-violet ray -- Papalaka-papalaka-papalaka-boo. (Repeat) Digariga-digariga-digariga-doo. (Repeat) The natives grieve when the white men leave their huts, Because they're obviously, absolutely nuts -- Mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. The Japanese don't care to, the Chinese wouldn't dare to, Hindus and Argentines sleep firmly from twelve to one, But Englishmen detest a siesta, In the Philippines there are lovely screens, to protect you from the glare, In the Malay states there are hats like plates, which the Britishers won't wear, At twelve noon the natives swoon, and no further work is done - But Mad Dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. It's such a surprise for the Eastern eyes to see, That though the British are effete, they're quite impervious to heat, When the white man rides, every native hides in glee, Because the simple creatures hope he will impale his solar topee on a tree. Bolyboly-bolyboly-bolyboly-baa. (Repeat) Habaninny-habaninny-habaninny-haa. (Repeat) It seems such a shame that when the English claim the earth That they give rise to such hilarity and mirth - Mad Dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. The toughest Burmese bandit can never understand it. In Rangoon the heat of noon is just what the natives shun. They put their scotch or rye down, and lie down. In the jungle town where the sun beats down, to the rage of man or beast, The English garb of the English sahib merely gets a bit more creased. In Bangkok, at twelve o'clock, they foam at the mouth and run, But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun. Mad Dogs and Englishmen, go out in the midday sun. The smallest Malay rabbit deplores this stupid habit. In Hong Kong, they strike a gong, and fire off a noonday gun. To reprimand each inmate, who's in late. In the mangrove swamps where the python romps there is peace from twelve till two. Even caribous lie down and snooze, for there's nothing else to do. In Bengal, to move at all, is seldom if ever done, But mad dogs and Englishmen go out in the midday sun.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9927681684494019, "source": "search", "title": "Folk & Traditional Song Lyrics - Mad Dogs and Englishmen" }, { "answer": "Noël Coward", "passage": "Noël Coward", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.090737342834473, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Lyrics" }, { "answer": "Sir Noël Peirce Coward", "passage": "Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 1899 – 26 March 1973) was an English playwright, composer, director, actor and singer, known for his wit, flamboyance, and what Time magazine called \"a sense of personal style, a combination of cheek and chic, pose and poise\". more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.564761638641357, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen Lyrics" }, { "answer": "Noel Coward", "passage": "Noel Coward", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.090737342834473, "source": "search", "title": "Mad Dogs and Englishmen - Sabri's Home Page" } ]

[ { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is a fantasy novel for children by C. S. Lewis, published by Geoffrey Bles in 1950. It's the first published and best known of seven novels in The Chronicles of Narnia (1950–1956). Among all the author's books it is also the most widely held in libraries. Although it was written as well as published first in the series, it is volume two in recent editions, which are sequenced by the stories' chronology (the first being The Magician's Nephew). Like the others, it was illustrated by Pauline Baynes, and her work has been retained in many later editions.", "precise_score": 9.903253555297852, "rough_score": 8.586075782775879, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "Jules Tasca, Ted Drachman, and Thomas Tierney collaborated on a musical adaptation published in 1986.WorldCat libraries have catalogued the related works in different ways including \"The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe: a musical based on C.S. Lewis' classic story\" (book, 1986, ); \"The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe: a musical based on C.S. Lewis' classic story\" (musical score, 1986, ); \"Narnia: a dramatic adaptation of C.S. Lewis's The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe\" (video, 1986, ); \"Narnia: based on C.S. Lewis' [classic story] The lion, the witch, and the wardrobe\" (1987, ).  Google Books uses the title \"Narnia – Full Musical\" and hosts selections, perhaps from the play by Tasca alone, without lyrics or music. [http://books.google.com/books/about/Narnia_Full_Musical.html?id=LjtX-TuO3AoC \"Narnia – Full Musical\" at Google Books] (books.google.com). Retrieved 2014-06-16.", "precise_score": 8.288092613220215, "rough_score": 7.424901485443115, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is C.S. Lewis’ most famous and widely read novel. It tells the story of four children who are evacuated from London to a big house in the English countryside during World War II. The youngest of the siblings, Lucy, finds a magical world called Narnia through a wardrobe in a spare room, encountering talking animals and mythical creatures. But Narnia is more dangerous than they imagine, and the children must defeat the cruel White Witch to save Narnia from eternal winter. ", "precise_score": 7.840362071990967, "rough_score": 7.0787835121154785, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | Books about Town" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "In the 1940s, Oxford University professor C.S. Lewis struggled and fought to complete The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Little did he know that his novel would become a best seller, lead to six sequels, and still be widely read decades later. Here are some things you may not know about this long-lived children’s classic.", "precise_score": 8.50694751739502, "rough_score": 8.062417984008789, "source": "search", "title": "16 Facts About 'The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe: C.S. LEWIS: 9780552541220: Amazon.com: Books", "precise_score": 6.638349533081055, "rough_score": 5.872441291809082, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis was the author of the children's classic The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Learn more about the man, the storyteller and the Christian.", "precise_score": 10.335227012634277, "rough_score": 10.111827850341797, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis (29 November 1898 - 22 November 1963) was a prolific writer, poet, scholar of English literature and defender of Christianity. His most famous book is The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first published of his Chronicles of Narnia.", "precise_score": 7.238027572631836, "rough_score": 5.798394203186035, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe", "precise_score": 7.129421234130859, "rough_score": 6.217668056488037, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe", "precise_score": 7.129421234130859, "rough_score": 6.217668056488037, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe,: C.S. Lewis, Hiawyn Oram Illustrated By: Tudor Humphries: 9780060556501 - Christianbook.com", "precise_score": 6.891417026519775, "rough_score": 5.625164985656738, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ..." }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "A picture book retelling of C. S. Lewis's classic story, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, for the youngest fans! Introduce them to the magic of Narnia with this picture book featuring illustrations by Tudor Humphries.", "precise_score": 8.21697998046875, "rough_score": 8.117164611816406, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ..." }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe can also be read as a novel. It is the second book in C. S. Lewis's classic fantasy series, The Chronicles of Narnia, which has been drawing readers of all ages into a magical land with unforgettable characters for over sixty years.", "precise_score": 7.248909950256348, "rough_score": 7.791433334350586, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "The ultimate visual companion and keepsake to the making of the stunning fantasy film The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe based on the beloved children's classic by C.S. Lewis.", "precise_score": 8.826624870300293, "rough_score": 7.826393127441406, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "... are Jove's children.Lewis (1935), \"The Alliterative Metre\". In Hooper, ed. (1969), Selected Literary Essays, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521074414, p. 25. The connection argued in Michael Ward (2008), Planet Narnia: the seven heavens in the imagination of C.S. Lewis, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195313871.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.942284107208252, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "answer": "CS Lewis", "passage": "Professor Kirke is based on W.T. Kirkpatrick, who tutored a 16-year-old Lewis. \"Kirk,\" as he was sometimes called, taught the young Lewis much about thinking and communicating clearly, skills that would be invaluable to him later.[http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/pages/resources/cslewis/ CS Lewis Institute Resources].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.036694526672363, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "There are several parallels between the White Witch and the immortal white queen, Ayesha, of H. Rider Haggard's She, a novel greatly admired by C.S. Lewis. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.075771808624268, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "In 1997, Trumpets Inc., a Filipino Christian theatre and musical production company, produced a musical rendition that Douglas Gresham, Lewis's stepson (and co-producer of the Walden Media film adaptations), has openly declared that he feels is the closest to Lewis's intention. David, B.J. [2002]. \"Narnia Revisited\". From a Filipino school newspaper, probably in translation, posted 12 September 2002 to a discussion forum at Pinoy Exchange (pinoyexchange.com/forums). Retrieved 2015-10-29.   \"Stephen Gresham, stepson of C.S. Lewis\" saw the second staging by invitation and returned with his wife to see it again. \"[T]his approval from the family and estate of the well-loved author is enough evidence that the Trumpets adaptations is at par with other version.\" It starred among others popular young Filipino singer Sam Concepcion as Edmund Pevensie. The book and lyrics were written by Jaime del Mundo and Luna Inocian, while music was composed by Lito Villareal.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.224356651306152, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis is one of the UK’s most celebrated authors. He wrote more than 30 books, and the Narnia books have sold over 100 million copies. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.831430435180664, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe | Books about Town" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "by C.S. Lewis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.385865211486816, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe - Best Children's Books" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "Gr 3-6-This classic tale celebrates its 50th anniversary with a delightful audio rendition. Actor Michael York's reading is a perfect match for this story. The narration is clear and distinct, and York's soft and soothing British accent adds the right touch. Listeners will fall under the spell of this master storyteller as they join Peter, Edmund, Lucy and Susan on their travels. Beginning with Chapter One when Lucy looks into the wardrobe and discovers Narnia and the faun, readers will find that this timeless story can still work the magic that C.S. Lewis intended. In this action packed tale, the four children take part in several adventures as they travel through Narnia on their quest to rid the country of the Witch and her followers. Narnia fans will want to listen to this story over and over again, and new fans will be created as they listen for the first time.-Ginny Harrell, William McGarrah Elementary School, Morrow, GA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.969505310058594, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis ..." }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "\"The magic of C. S. Lewis's parallel universe never fades.\" The Times --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.059711456298828, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis ..." }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "I’m almost sure that many of you love C. S. Lewis’ fantasy book series The Chronicles of Narnia, so I wanted to surprise you with my review for the second book: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. I haven’t read the rest of the books, but you can write in the comment section why you love this series or which book is your favourite.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.8461525440216064, "source": "search", "title": "The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S. Lewis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.911477088928223, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.414081573486328, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis's own account of his early years reads like a list of books, along with a few people, that shaped his life. Lewis was born in Belfast in 1898, the younger of two sons. His parents Albert and Flora were both keen readers. In his autobiography, Surprised by Joy, Lewis describes himself as \"a product of long corridors, empty sunlit rooms, upstair indoor silences, attics explored in solitude, distant noises of gurgling cisterns and pipes, and the noise of wind under the tiles. Also, of endless books.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.489799499511719, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "Clive staples lewis", "passage": "Born Clive Staples Lewis, he announced when he was three years old that his name was Jack, and Jack he was to family and friends for the rest of his life. His older brother was Warren, nicknamed Warnie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.955517768859863, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis died on the 22nd November 1963. He never wanted his death to be widely acknowledged, and he got his way. John F Kennedy, president of the USA, was assassinated on the same day. The author of Brave New World, Aldous Huxley, also died on the 22nd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84643840789795, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "Thus begins the first adventure into the land of Narnia, the setting for C.S. Lewis's most famous series of books. Although the Christian subtext to the books is an open secret among adult readers, generations of children have loved the stories without noticing the parallel between Aslan the lion and Jesus Christ.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.233388900756836, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis converted to Christianity while teaching at Oxford University, but his love of books and myths had been present since his childhood. Soon after his conversion he wanted to evangelise, and it was not long before he thought of combining religious enthusiasm with imagination in his works of Christian fiction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.716829299926758, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "Before writing his Christian fiction books, C.S. Lewis was known as an apologist: a writer who defended his faith using logic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.352679252624512, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, from a letter of 23 December 1950", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.83034610748291, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Spirits in Bondage I,VII", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.307453155517578, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, in the introduction to the reprint of Mere Christianity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.039484024047852, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31740951538086, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31740951538086, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.95352554321289, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Vivisection", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.283123970031738, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis loved animals, as his earliest writings show. He felt the question of animal suffering was a significant problem for Christianity: so important that he dedicated a chapter of The Problem of Pain to it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.991798400878906, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Vivisection", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.283123970031738, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Surprised by Joy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.423713684082031, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, from a 1953 letter to a child", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.56725788116455, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31740951538086, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Spirits in Bondage, I,XV", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.493786811828613, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Mere Christianity", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.31740951538086, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Surprised by Joy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.423713684082031, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, Surprised by Joy", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.423713684082031, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, in a letter of 14 December 1950", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.80030345916748, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem Of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis, The Problem of Pain", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.038249015808105, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "This is the only surviving footage of C.S. Lewis's broadcast talks. The New Men is the last episode in Beyond Personality, the third series. It was broadcast on BBC radio on 21st March 1944.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.246536254882812, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis introduces his book The Great Divorce in a clip first broadcast on 9th May 1948.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.081628799438477, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "Anne Atkins on C.S. Lewis", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.771401405334473, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "Jack: A Life of C S Lewis, George Sayer (1988), originally published as Jack: C. S. Lewis and His Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.233610153198242, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "C. S. Lewis: A Companion and Guide, Walter Hooper (1996)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.058578491210938, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Religions - Christianity: C.S . Lewis" }, { "answer": "Clive staples lewis", "passage": "Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963) was one of the intellectual giants of the twentieth century and arguably one of the most influential writers of his day. He was a Fellow and Tutor in English Literature at Oxford University until 1954, when he was unanimously elected to the Chair of Medieval and Renaissance Literature at Cambridge University, a position he held until his retirement. He wrote more than thirty books, allowing him to reach a vast audience, and his works continue to attract thousands of new readers every year. His most distinguished and popular accomplishments include Out of the Silent Planet, The Great Divorce, The Screwtape Letters, and the universally acknowledged classics The Chronicles of Narnia. To date, the Narnia books have sold over 100 million copies and have been transformed into three major motion pictures.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.220712661743164, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ..." }, { "answer": "C. S. Lewis", "passage": "Clive Staples Lewis (1898-1963) fue uno de los intelectuales más importantes del siglo veinte y podría decirse que fue el escritor cristiano más influyente de su tiempo. Fue profesor particular de literatura inglesa y miembro de la junta de gobierno en la Universidad Oxford hasta 1954, cuando fue nombrado profesor de literatura medieval y renacentista en la Universidad Cambridge, cargo que desempeñó hasta que se jubiló. Sus contribuciones a la crítica literaria, literatura infantil, literatura fantástica y teología popular le trajeron fama y aclamación a nivel internacional. C. S. Lewis escribió más de treinta libros, lo cual le permitió alcanzar una enorme audiencia, y sus obras aún atraen a miles de nuevos lectores cada año. Sus más distinguidas y populares obras incluyen Las Crónicas de Narnia, Los Cuatro Amores, Cartas del Diablo a Su Sobrino y Mero Cristianismo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.303107261657715, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "Tudor Humphries trained first as a theatre designer before going on to work as a children's book illustrator, landscape painter, wildlife artist, photographer, sculptor, and teacher. He has brought his lyrical style of artwork to many books and feels a particular affinity for Puddleglum the Marsh-wiggle: \"When I found out C.S. Lewis based him on his gardener, it all made sense to me.\" Tudor's artwork brings the landscape and characters of Narnia gloriously to life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.671481132507324, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the ..." }, { "answer": "C.s. lewis", "passage": "C.S. Lewis wrote the classic children's series over 50 years ago, and the amazing land of Narnia is finally coming to the big screen. This beautiful book captures the creative energy behind this film and offers the official inside story on how the magic was made.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.390990734100342, "source": "search", "title": "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Richard Cavendish provides a brief history of the Miss World contest, first won by Miss Sweden, Kiki Haakinson, on April 19th, 1951.", "precise_score": 5.257187843322754, "rough_score": 7.914112567901611, "source": "search", "title": "The First Miss World Contest | History Today" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Miss Sweden, Kiki Haakonson, carried off the first Miss World title in the Lyceum Ballroom in London, in what was originally intended to be a one-off event connected with the Festival of Britain. It was the brainchild of Eric Morley, once a London orphan, an Army captain during the war and a self-made entertainment entrepreneur of great shrewdness and drive. He had already started the Come Dancing programme, which would turn into BBC television's longest-running series, and he would set commercial bingo going in Britain, in 1961. He was in his early thirties and working for a dancehall and catering company called Mecca when it was approached by an RAF officer named Phipps, who had been put in charge of Festival of Britain publicity. Phipps was looking for some pizzazz to spice up the more sedate attractions and Morley suggested an international bathing beauty competition.", "precise_score": 4.487091064453125, "rough_score": 4.892897129058838, "source": "search", "title": "The First Miss World Contest | History Today" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Some winners apart from winning the crown also set some records – Sweden’s Kerstin Håkansson became the first European to win the title when she became Miss World 1951 (1st Edition) Egypt’s Antigone Costanda became the first African and the first from a Muslim-dominated country to win Miss World Title when she became Miss World 1954 (4th Edition), Venezuela’s  Susana Duijm became the first Latin-American and the first from Americas to win Miss World Title when she became Miss World 1955 (5th Edition), Jamaica’s  Carole Joan Crawford became the first Caribbean to win Miss World when she became Miss World 1963 (13th Edition), India’s Reita Faria became the first Asian to win Miss World Title when she became Miss World 1966 (16th Edition), Poland’s  Aneta Kreglicka became the first Eastern European to win Miss World Title when she became Miss World 1989 (39th Edition), Nigeria’s Agbani Darego is the first Black African to win Miss World Title she became Miss World 2001 (51st Edition) and China’s Zhang Zilin the first Miss World of East Asian origin when she won Miss World 2007 (57th Edition).", "precise_score": 6.9091596603393555, "rough_score": 7.6075944900512695, "source": "search", "title": "10 Miss World Facts You Probably Didn’t Know - WondersList" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "In 1951, Eric Morley organised a bikini contest as part of the Festival of Britain celebrations that he called the Festival Bikini Contest. The event was popular with the press, and was dubbed \"Miss World\" by the media. The swimsuit competition was intended as a promotion for the bikini which had only recently been introduced onto the market, and which was still widely regarded as immodest. When the 1951 Miss World pageant winner, Kerstin \"Kiki\" Hakansson from Sweden, was crowned in a bikini, it added to the controversy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.239292144775391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miss World" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "File:Mary Stavin.jpg|1977: Mary Stävin, Sweden", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.146462440490723, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miss World" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "File:Missworld1951.jpg|1951: Kiki Håkansson, Sweden", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.4956636428833, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miss World" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "In the year leading up the finals in Nigeria, several European title holders lobbied their governments and the EU parliament to support Amina Lawal's cause. A number of contestants followed the lead of Kathrine Sørland of Norway in boycotting the contest (despite the controversy Sørland would go on to become a semi-finalist in both the Miss World and Miss Universe contest), while others such as Costa Rica were instructed by their national governments and parliaments not to attend the contest. Among the other boycotting nations were Denmark, Spain, Switzerland, Panama, Belgium and Kenya. There was further controversy over the possibly suspended participation of France and South Africa, which may or may not have been due to the boycott. For her part, Lawal asked that contestants not suspend their participation in the contest, saying that it was for the good of her country and that they could, as the representative of Sweden had earlier remarked, make a much stronger case for her on the ground in Nigeria. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.218006134033203, "source": "wiki", "title": "Miss World" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "The number of delegates varies from year to year. The year which saw the least number of countries participating in the event was the year 1952 (2nd Edition). The winner for this year was May Louise Flodin of Sweden. The year which saw the most number of participating countries was the year 2013, were a whopping number of 127 countries participated. This year saw the win of Megan Young from Philippines.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.723136901855469, "source": "search", "title": "10 Miss World Facts You Probably Didn’t Know - WondersList" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "There have been many instances when a country has won more than once. What is interesting is the time interval between the wins of a single country. The longest gap between two wins by a country is by Peru. In 1967 (17th Edition), Madeline Hartog-Bel  of Peru was crowned the winner, and after a gap of 37 years, in 2004 (54th Edition), María Julia Mantilla of Peru won the title. The record for the shortest gap is shared between three countries – In 1951 (1st Edition) and 1952 (2nd Edition), Sweden’s Kerstin Håkansson and May-Louise Flodin were crowned respectively; in 1964 (14th Edition) and 1965 (15th Edition), UK’s Ann Sidney and  Lesley Langley won the title respectively and in 1999 (49th Edition) and 2000 (50th Edition), India’s Yukta Mookhey and Priyanka Chopra became Miss World respectively.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.759029388427734, "source": "search", "title": "10 Miss World Facts You Probably Didn’t Know - WondersList" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Since Miss World event does not take place on the same date every year, therefore, not all the winners get the exact same time of reign. The longest reign by a winner in the pageant’s history has been by Sweden’s Kerstin Håkansson, who won in 1951 (1st Edition) on 29 July 1951 and crowned her successor on 14 November 1952. In other words, she reigned for 1 year, 3 months, 16 days. The shortest reign so far by a winner has been by Venezuela’s Ivian Sarcos , who won in the year 2011 (61st Edition) on 6 November 2011 and crowned her successor on 18th august, 2012. In other words, she reigned for 9 months, 12 days .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.578397750854492, "source": "search", "title": "10 Miss World Facts You Probably Didn’t Know - WondersList" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "5. Sweden: 3 winners and 1 first runner-up", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.120108604431152, "source": "search", "title": "10 Countries With The Most Miss World Winners - TheRichest" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "Scandinavian women have a reputation for beauty which has been upheld by a number of Swedish Miss World winners. Sweden won both of the first two Miss World pageants, in 1951 and 1952, with Kiki Håkansson (who controversially was crowned whilst wearing a bikini) and May-Louise Flodin providing the country with its champions. Sweden had to wait 25 years for Mary Stävin to become its third winner, in 1977. Stävin’s win raised her profile and allowed her to rub shoulders with the world’s most famous spy with a role in the James Bond films Octopussy and A View to a Kill.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.221805214881897, "source": "search", "title": "10 Countries With The Most Miss World Winners - TheRichest" }, { "answer": "Sweden", "passage": "In rounds held since the contestants arrived in London, Miss Finland topped the sporting competition; Miss United States was the multimedia winner; Miss Bosnia and Hercegovina won the top model round and Miss Sweden triumphed in beach fashion.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.165775775909424, "source": "search", "title": "Miss South Africa crowned Miss World - Yahoo" } ]

[ { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg's film Munich, about the events following the 1972 Munich Massacre of Israeli athletes at the Olympic Games, was his second film essaying Jewish relations in the world (the first being Schindler's List). The film is based on Vengeance, a book by Canadian journalist George Jonas. It was previously adapted into the 1986 made-for-TV film Sword of Gideon. The film received strong critical praise, but underperformed at the U.S. and world box-office; it remains one of Spielberg's most controversial films to date. Munich received five Academy Awards nominations, including Best Picture, Film Editing, Original Music Score (by John Williams), Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Director for Spielberg. It was Spielberg's sixth Best Director nomination and fifth Best Picture nomination.", "precise_score": 3.942282199859619, "rough_score": 3.4987831115722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg has won three Academy Awards. He has been nominated for seven Academy Awards for the category of Best Director, winning two of them (Schindler's List and Saving Private Ryan), and ten of the films he directed were up for the Best Picture Oscar (Schindler's List won). In 1987 he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award for his work as a creative producer.", "precise_score": 6.554657936096191, "rough_score": 5.774845123291016, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Hailed filmmaker Steven Spielberg has one of the most beloved bodies of work in film history, but it took him some time to witness his hard work become cast in shiny medal at a major awards ceremony. However, the deep resonation of Schindler's List amongst audiences and critics helped him win his first Oscars in 1994.", "precise_score": 8.146004676818848, "rough_score": 7.381837844848633, "source": "search", "title": "Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg not only won his first Oscar in 1994 for the Holocaust-based Schindler's List but won his first two Oscars that night, adding Best Picture to his Best Director Award. Although he was joyful to have won the award, he was reminded in the pressroom of his initial hesitation in making the film after buying the rights to the story.", "precise_score": 9.94778823852539, "rough_score": 8.58851432800293, "source": "search", "title": "Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com" }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar - Dec 15, 1993 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": 9.369807243347168, "rough_score": 8.079730987548828, "source": "search", "title": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar", "precise_score": 8.738812446594238, "rough_score": 7.628029823303223, "source": "search", "title": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar", "precise_score": 8.738812446594238, "rough_score": 7.628029823303223, "source": "search", "title": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar", "precise_score": 8.738812446594238, "rough_score": 7.628029823303223, "source": "search", "title": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "On this day in 1993, Schindler’s List, starring Liam Neeson in the true story of a German businessman who saves the lives of more than a thousand Polish Jews during the Holocaust, opens in theaters. The film was nominated for 12 Academy Awards and took home seven Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director. It was the first Best Director win for Spielberg, who had been nominated in the category for three of his earlier films: 1977’s Close Encounters of the Third Kind, 1981’s Raiders of the Lost Ark and 1982’s E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. Schindler’s List was adapted from Thomas Keneally’s 1982 book Schindler’s Ark, about the Catholic businessman Oskar Schindler, who saved a large number of Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in a factory that made supplies for the German army. The film co-starred Ben Kingsley as Schindler’s Jewish accountant and Ralph Fiennes as an evil Nazi officer.", "precise_score": 6.272398948669434, "rough_score": 5.087331295013428, "source": "search", "title": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Spielberg took home his first two Oscarsâ, for Best Director and Best Picture, for the internationally lauded “Schindler’s List,” which received a total of seven Oscarsâ.  The film was also named the Best Picture of 1993 by many of the major critics organizations, in addition to winning seven BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globe Awards, both including Best Picture and Director.  Spielberg also won the Directors Guild of America (DGA) Award for his work on the film.", "precise_score": 9.320502281188965, "rough_score": 8.616735458374023, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - DreamWorks Pictures" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "In a prolific career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have spanned many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films, such as Jaws (1975), Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood escapist filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust, the transatlantic slave trade, civil rights, war, and terrorism in such films as The Color Purple (1985), Empire of the Sun (1987), Schindler's List (1993), Amistad (1997), Saving Private Ryan (1998), Munich (2005), War Horse (2011), Lincoln (2012), and Bridge of Spies (2015). His other films include Jurassic Park (1993), A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), and War of the Worlds (2005).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3816442489624023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List and Saving Private Ryan, as well as receiving five other nominations. Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide, making him the highest-grossing director in history. His personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. He is also known for his long-standing associations with several actors, producers, and technicians, most notably composer John Williams, who has composed music for all but two of Spielberg's feature films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.0194289684295654, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg's next film, Schindler's List, was based on the true story of Oskar Schindler, a man who risked his life to save 1,100 Jews from the Holocaust. Schindler's List earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director (it also won Best Picture). With the film a huge success at the box office, Spielberg used the profits to set up the Shoah Foundation, a non-profit organization that archives filmed testimony of Holocaust survivors. In 1997, the American Film Institute listed it among the 10 Greatest American Films ever Made (#9) which moved up to (#8) when the list was remade in 2007.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.4576177597045898, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "His next film, Amistad, was based on a true story (like Schindler's List), specifically about an African slave rebellion. Despite decent reviews from critics, it did not do well at the box office. Spielberg released Amistad under DreamWorks Pictures, which has produced all of his films from Amistad onwards with the exception of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, The Adventures of Tintin and Ready Player One. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.167280197143555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "The most persistent theme throughout his films is tension in parent-child relationships. Parents (often fathers) are reluctant, absent or ignorant. Peter Banning in Hook starts off in the beginning of the film as a reluctant married-to-his-work parent who through the course of the film regains the respect of his children. The notable absence of Elliott's father in E.T., is the most famous example of this theme. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, it is revealed that Indy has always had a very strained relationship with his father, who is a professor of medieval literature, as his father always seemed more interested in his work, specifically in his studies of the Holy Grail, than in his own son, although his father does not seem to realize or understand the negative effect that his aloof nature had on Indy (he even believes he was a good father in the sense that he taught his son \"self reliance,\" which is not how Indy saw it). Even Oskar Schindler, from Schindler's List, is reluctant to have a child with his wife. Munich depicts Avner as a man away from his wife and newborn daughter. There are of course exceptions; Brody in Jaws is a committed family man, while John Anderton in Minority Report is a shattered man after the disappearance of his son. This theme is arguably the most autobiographical aspect of Spielberg's films, since Spielberg himself was affected by his parents' divorce as a child and by the absence of his father. Furthermore, to this theme, protagonists in his films often come from families with divorced parents, most notably E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (protagonist Elliot's mother is divorced) and Catch Me If You Can (Frank Abagnale's mother and father split early on in the film). Little known also is Tim in Jurassic Park (early in the film, another secondary character mentions Tim and Lex's parents' divorce). The family often shown divided is often resolved in the ending as well. Following this theme of reluctant fathers and father figures, Tim looks to Dr. Alan Grant as a father figure. Initially, Dr. Grant is reluctant to return those paternal feelings to Tim. However, by the end of the film, he has changed, and the kids even fall asleep with their heads on his shoulders.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.778545379638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg prefers working with production members with whom he has developed an existing working relationship. An example of this is his production relationship with Kathleen Kennedy who has served as producer on all his major films from E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial to the recent Lincoln. For cinematography, Allen Daviau, a childhood friend and cinematographer, shot the early Spielberg film Amblin and most of his films up to Empire of the Sun; Janusz Kamiński who has shot every Spielberg film since Schindler's List (see List of film director and cinematographer collaborations); and the film editor Michael Kahn who has edited every film directed by Spielberg from Close Encounters to Munich (except E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial). Most of the DVDs of Spielberg's films have documentaries by Laurent Bouzereau.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.298290252685547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Spielberg \"rediscovered the honor of being a Jew,\" he says, before he made Schindler's List, when he married Kate Capshaw.Pogrebin, Abigail. Stars of David, Broadway Books, NY, (2005) Until then, having become a filmmaker, he only felt his connection to Judaism when he visited his parents. He says he made the film partly to create “something that would confirm my Judaism to my family and myself.”Loshitzky, Yosefa. Spielberg's Holocaust: Critical Perspectives on “Schindler's List”, Indiana Univ. Press (1997) p. 162", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.106200218200684, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Producing Schindler's List in 1993 also renewed his faith, Spielberg says, but \"it really was the fact that my wife took a profound interest in Judaism.\" He waited ten years after being given the story in 1982 to make the film, as he did not yet feel \"mature\" enough. He first wanted to have a family, \"to figure out what my place was in the world. . . . When my first son, [Max] was born, it greatly affected me. . . . A spirit began to ignite in me, and I became a Jewish dad. . .\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.581103801727295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "In 1998 he was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit with Ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Award was presented to him by President Roman Herzog in recognition of his film Schindler's List and his Shoa-Foundation. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.320820808410645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "* French New Wave filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard stated that he holds Spielberg partly responsible for the lack of artistic merit in mainstream cinema and accused Spielberg of using his film Schindler's List to make a profit off tragedy while Schindler's wife, Emilie Schindler, lived in poverty in Argentina. In defense of Spielberg, critic Roger Ebert said \"Has Godard or any other director living or dead done more than Spielberg, with his Holocaust Project, to honor and preserve the memories of the survivors?\" Author Thomas Keneally has also disputed claims that Emilie Schindler was never paid for her contributions to the film, \"not least because I had recently sent Emilie a check myself.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.660268306732178, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "* Imre Kertész, Hungarian Jewish author, Nazi concentration camp survivor, and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, criticized Spielberg's depiction of the Holocaust in Schindler's List as kitsch, saying \"I regard as kitsch any representation of the Holocaust that is incapable of understanding or unwilling to understand the organic connection between our own deformed mode of life and the very possibility of the Holocaust.\" Veteran documentary filmmaker and professor Claude Lanzmann also labeled Schindler's List \"pernicious in its impact and influence\" and \"very sentimental\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.442778587341309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "\"I was very intimidated by the subject matter when I first read the book... I was just intimidated by the responsibility,\" he reflects in the flashback. \"I just wasn't ready. Sometimes you're just not ready for these things...I woke up one morning and I said to Kate (wife), 'I've got to make 'Schindler's List,' and she said, 'Where did that come from?' and I said, 'I don't know, but I just have to make it.'\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.141955375671387, "source": "search", "title": "Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "While the influence of Spielberg waiting to take on the final product of Schindler's List will never be known, it never seemed a more brilliant decision for him as he stood there with fistfuls of polished trophies. After waiting years for that very moment, Spielberg reflected on the win.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.397531032562256, "source": "search", "title": "Oscars Flashback '94: Spielberg Wins His First | ETonline.com" }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Liam Neeson, born on June 7, 1952, in Ballymena, Northern Ireland, began his stage career in the 1970s and during the 1980s appeared in such films as Excalibur (1981), The Mission (1986), Suspect (1987), with Cher, and The Good Mother (1988), with Diane Keaton. Following his performance in Schindler’s List, for which he earned a Best Actor Oscar nomination, Neeson starred in such movies as Rob Roy (1995), Michael Collins (1996) and Star Wars: Episode 1-The Phantom Menace (1999). Among Neeson’s other credits are the director Martin Scorsese’s Gangs of New York (2002), Love Actually (2003), with Hugh Grant; the biopic Kinsey (2004), Batman Begins (2005) and The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, Witch and the Wardrobe (2005).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.998033046722412, "source": "search", "title": "Schindler’s List opens, wins Spielberg his first Oscar ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Associates said Spielberg was baffled and hurt when Lincoln lost the best picture Oscar to Ben Affleck's Argo, but he brushes that off. The one that got to him was Schindler's List. It gave him two Oscars in 1994, but he found he lacked a desire to go back to work. \"I just didn't,\" he says. \"I could not.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.392471194267273, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg on DreamWorks' Past, Amblin's Present and ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Spielberg (right) and Liam Neeson, star of Schindler’s List, discussed a scene during production in 1993 in Poland. The film earned seven Academy Awards, including best picture and best director.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.206324577331543, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg on DreamWorks' Past, Amblin's Present and ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Asked whether he was depressed, he says yes — and then corrects himself. \"I've never been depressed,\" he says. \"I was sad and isolated, and as well-received and successful as that movie was, I think it was the trauma of telling the story and forming the Shoah Foundation.\" For a time, he was more engaged in sending videographers to interview Holocaust survivors than pondering movie projects. \"I started to wonder, was Schindler's List going to be the last film I would direct?\" he recalls.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.938032150268555, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg on DreamWorks' Past, Amblin's Present and ..." }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "The late 1980s found Spielberg's projects at the center of pop-culture yet again. In 1988, he produced the landmark animation/live-action film Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). The next year proved to be another big one for Spielberg, as he produced and directed Always (1989) as well as Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), and Back to the Future Part II (1989). All three of the films were box-office and critical successes. Also, in 1989, he produced the little known comedy-drama Dad (1989), with Jack Lemmon and Ted Danson , which got mostly mixed results. Spielberg has also had an affinity for animation and has been a strong voice in animation in the 1990s. Aside from producing the landmark \"Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", he produced the animated series Tiny Toon Adventures (1990), Animaniacs (1993), Pinky and the Brain (1995), Freakazoid! (1995), Pinky, Elmyra & the Brain (1998), Family Dog (1993) and Toonsylvania (1998). Spielberg also produced other cartoons such as The Land Before Time (1988), We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (1993), Casper (1995) (the live action version) as well as the live-action version of The Flintstones (1994), where he was credited as \"Steven Spielrock\". Spielberg also produced many Roger Rabbit short cartoons, and many Pinky and the Brain, Animaniacs and Tiny Toons specials. Spielberg was very active in the early 1990s, as he directed Hook (1991) and produced such films as the cute fantasy Joe Versus the Volcano (1990) and An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991). He also produced the unusual comedy thriller Arachnophobia (1990), Back to the Future Part III (1990) and Gremlins 2: The New Batch (1990). While these movies were big successes in their own right, they did not quite bring in the kind of box office or critical acclaim as previous efforts. In 1993, Spielberg directed Jurassic Park (1993), which for a short time held the record as the highest grossing movie of all time, but did not have the universal appeal of his previous efforts. Big box-office spectacles were not his only concern, though. He produced and directed Schindler's List (1993), a stirring film about the Holocaust. He won best director at the Oscars, and also got Best Picture. In the mid-90s, he helped found the production company DreamWorks, which was responsible for many box-office successes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.128846645355225, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Received the Germany's Cross of Merit with star for his sensible representation of Germany's history in Schindler's List (1993). [1998]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.24368667602539, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "On May 31, 2002, graduated from California State University Long Beach with a bachelor's degree in film and electronic arts. He had dropped out of college in 1968 to concentrate on his career, but during the 2000s fulfilled his remaining graduation requirements via independent projects, which required correspondence courses and several term papers. For Spielberg, the school waived its requirement that all senior film majors must submit a completed 12-minute short film, accepting Schindler's List (1993) in its place. He donned cap and gown and marched in the commencement ceremony with his fellow graduates.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.9018449783325195, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "In 1983, he lost the Best Picture Oscar to Gandhi (1982), directed by Richard Attenborough . He later went on to direct six cast members, as well as Attenborough, in his later movies: Amrish Puri in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984); Roshan Seth in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984); Richard Attenborough in Jurassic Park (1993); Ben Kingsley in Schindler's List (1993), Nigel Hawthorne in Amistad (1997), Martin Sheen in Catch Me If You Can (2002), and Daniel Day-Lewis in Lincoln (2012).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.979429244995117, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Has worked with four actors from the Hannibal Lecter film series, in reverse order to the order in which the Lecter films came out. The first one he worked with was Ralph Fiennes in Schindler's List (1993), who went on to play Francis Dollarhyde in Red Dragon (2002). His next film was The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), with Julianne Moore , who played Clarice Starling in the third Lecter film, Hannibal (2001). After this, he made Amistad (1997), with Anthony Hopkins , who began playing Hannibal Lecter in the second film, The Silence of the Lambs (1991). After this he made Saving Private Ryan (1998), which featured Dennis Farina , who played Jack Crawford in the original Lecter film, Manhunter (1986).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9986186027526855, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "When asked what are the films he's made he would like to be remembered for, he said E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) and Schindler's List (1993).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.920930862426758, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Is the most represented filmmaker on the American Film Institute's 100 Most Inspiring Movies of All Time, with five films on the list and three in the top ten. They are: Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) at #58; The Color Purple (1985) at #51; Saving Private Ryan (1998) at #10; E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) at #6 and Schindler's List (1993) at #3.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.395771980285645, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "In the 5th edition of 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die (edited by Steven Jay Schneider), 8 of Spielberg's films are listed: Jaws (1975), Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), The Color Purple (1985), Jurassic Park (1993), Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.875216007232666, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Is at his most productive and creative when working on more than one project at a time, be it as producer and/or director: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) + Poltergeist (1982) / Schindler's List (1993) + Jurassic Park (1993) / War Horse (2011) + The Adventures of Tintin (2011), etc.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.272826194763184, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Has worked with several actors from the Star Wars films. - Harrison Ford and William Hootkins appeared in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981). Screenwriter Lawrence Kasdan also wrote two Star Wars films. - Julian Glover and Michael Sheard appeared in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989). - Samuel L. Jackson and Laura Dern appeared in Jurassic Park (1993). - Liam Neeson appeared in Schindler's List (1993). - Ian Abercrombie (voice of Palpatine/Darth Sidious on the Clone Wars cartoon) appeared in The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). - Christopher Lee appeared in 1941 (1979). - Max von Sydow appeared in Minority Report (2002). - Adam Driver appeared in Lincoln (2012). A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001) featured Rena Owen and Brendan Gleeson , whose son Domhnall Gleeson appears in Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015). '_E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)_ was written by Harrison Ford 's then-girlfriend Melissa Mathison , and Eve Mavrakis , wife of Ewan McGregor , worked on Empire of the Sun (1987).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.166946411132812, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "He has directed ten films that were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture: Jaws (1975), Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), The Color Purple (1985), Schindler's List (1993), Saving Private Ryan (1998), Munich (2005), War Horse (2011), Lincoln (2012) and Bridge of Spies (2015). Of these, Schindler's List (1993) is the only one to have won the award.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.019958019256592, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "I think most of my movies are personal movies. I think the most personal movie I've made is Schindler's List (1993). I think the second-most personal movie I have ever made is E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982). I also find The Color Purple (1985) to be a personal film for me. So I've made a number of personal films. But I haven't made a movie yet that is actually a mirror neuron of my factual life and I don't think I ever will. My sister wrote a script about our lives and that might come around again some day, but I've always stayed away from anything that is too biographical.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909546852111816, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "I never know what I'm in for. Most of my presumptions about a production are usually wrong. For instance, with Schindler's List (1993) I was pretty certain that whatever came my way in Poland I could tolerate, and just put my camera between myself and the subject, and protect myself by creating my own aesthetic distance. And immediately, on the first day of shooting, that broke down. I didn't have that as a safety net and immediately I realized that that this was about to become the most personal professional experience of my life. It was a devastatingly insightful experience, but it's something I still haven't gotten over. I think back on the production of Schindler's List with very sad memories, because of the subject matter, not because of the working experience. The working experience was nearly perfect because everybody held on to each other in that production. We formed a circle. It was very therapeutic, and for a lot of people, it changed their lives. A lot of the actors, a lot of the crew, it changed their lives. It changed my life, for sure. But other productions I've gone into with a blythe spirit, thinking, This film's a pushover. It's often when I take that attitude, the movie turns around and runs over me as if it were a tank. So I've tried my best to stop second-guessing what the working experience is going to be like. Because I'm usually wrong.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01602554321289, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "I've had darkness in all the films, in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), Jaws (1975). There are moments in Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) that are brutally dark. I just don't think people have stopped to study. They may not have stopped to think when they assume that I suddenly developed a dark side because of Schindler's List (1993). When critics carp about my dark side, I always wonder, \"Well, did they really look in the shadows?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.043089866638184, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "I'm very relaxed about Oscars. I'll admit to you that I wasn't relaxed before I won for Schindler's List (1993). I was pretty much worried about it and almost wanted to get one behind me to get the anxiety out of my gut every time December reared its ugly head. So after I won for Schindler's and Saving Private Ryan (1998), I have no expectations of ever winning again. Whatever happens, happens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768289566040039, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "[on Schindler's List (1993)] Robin (Williams) would call me every week to cheer me up. And I'd tell him what scenes we'd shot.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38288688659668, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "I don't plan my career. I don't think I'll go dark, dark, dark, then light, then dark. I react spontaneously to what falls into my arms, to what is right at the time. I've never made a conscious choice, except maybe for the Indiana Jones sequels and The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997). They're the only times I've said, \"Okay, I need to make these pictures for the public because they're craving it.\" Also, with Lost World, I hadn't directed for three years so I wanted to do something I felt secure making. I didn't want to make a serious picture like Schindler's List (1993).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.21993350982666, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Schindler’s List", "passage": "Apart from his filmmaking work, Spielberg has also devoted his time and resources to many philanthropic causes.  He established The Righteous Persons Foundation using all his profits from “Schindler’s List.”  He also founded the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation, which in 2006 became the USC Shoah Foundation - The Institute for Visual History and Education.  The Institute has recorded more than 53,000 interviews with survivors and other witnesses of the Holocaust and other genocides and is dedicated to making the testimonies a compelling voice for education and action.  Additionally, Spielberg is the Chairman Emeritus of the Starlight Children’s Foundation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.08953857421875, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg - DreamWorks Pictures" }, { "answer": "Schindler's List", "passage": "Clint Eastwood presenting Steven Spielberg with the Oscar® for Directing \"Schindler's List\" - the 66th Annual Academy Awards® in 1994.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.458191156387329, "source": "search", "title": "Steven Spielberg Wins Best Directing: 1994 Oscars - YouTube" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The resulting film version of The Wiz also starred former Motown star Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow, Nipsey Russell as the Tin Man, Richard Pryor as the Wizard, jazz singer Thelma Carpenter as Miss One (the name \"Addapearle\" was not used for this production) and Lena Horne as Glinda. Ted Ross and Mabel King reprised their roles of the Cowardly Lion and Evillene from the Broadway production. Sidney Lumet served as director, working with screenwriter Joel Schumacher (who used none of Brown's stage script) and music supervisor Quincy Jones. The film was a critical and commercial failure, performing poorly at the box office and severely panned by critics, who branded the casting of Ross instead of Mills as Dorothy a disastrous blunder. ", "precise_score": 6.88724422454834, "rough_score": 4.184902191162109, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Michael Jackson, a former Motown star who by the start of development on The Wiz in 1977, had left Motown for Epic Records with his brothers The Jacksons, was cast as the Scarecrow. Jackson was dedicated to the role, and watched videotapes of gazelles, cheetahs, and panthers in order to learn graceful movements for his part. Ted Ross and Mabel King were brought in to reprise their respective roles from the stage musical, while Nipsey Russell was cast as the Tin Man. Lena Horne, mother-in-law to Sidney Lumet during the time of production, was cast as Glinda the Good Witch, and comedian Richard Pryor portrayed The Wiz.", "precise_score": 7.8317742347717285, "rough_score": 7.198245525360107, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Lumet stocked The Wiz with top-tier African-American talent—Ross, Richard Pryor, Lena Horne. Rob Cohen, head of Motown Productions, thought Michael Jackson would be perfect for the role of the Scarecrow, and he approached Gordy with the idea. To his surprise,", "precise_score": 5.064116477966309, "rough_score": 4.849145889282227, "source": "search", "title": "The Wiz: Michael Jackson Behind the Scenes on the Original" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The final barrier was Joe Jackson, who wasn’t thrilled about Michael doing a project that separated himself financially from the rest of his siblings. Cohen mollified Joe by offering roughly $100,000 for Michael to play the Scarecrow. When The Wiz began filming in New York, the 27-year-old producer moved Michael and La Toya into a Manhattan apartment, and Michael was on his own for the first time. He lived a normal life, except for a strange habit Cohen happened to discover—taking baths in Perrier water.", "precise_score": 6.549154281616211, "rough_score": 4.787171363830566, "source": "search", "title": "The Wiz: Michael Jackson Behind the Scenes on the Original" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "In The Wiz, you witness that brief young adult window in Michael’s life and career before he became the sexy R&B, suited up and bow-tied prince of 1979’s Off The Wall or bore the weight of the music world on his crown as The King of Pop (1982-2009). Jackson the actor, then age 20, was a natural; his gentle, understated portrayal of ‘The Scarecrow’ is a quiet revelation. In every scene Michael exudes a child-like wonderment, innocence and infectious joy that is contagious. Of course, as the premier song and dance man he doesn’t disappoint either. Jackson’s bluesy expressive interpretation of “You Can’t Win” is a joy to listen to, because you can actually hear his voice playfully dancing throughout every syllable of the lyrics while his carefree tenor bobs and weaves in and out of the melody (this was also before MJ’s angry signature grunts and spitting adlibs).", "precise_score": 5.7754292488098145, "rough_score": 4.867838382720947, "source": "search", "title": "Revisiting MJ in ‘The Wiz’: Michael Jackson’s Only Feature ..." }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "His work in film began in 1978, when he starred as the Scarecrow in The Wiz, a musical directed by Sidney Lumet that also starred Diana Ross, Nipsey Russell, and Ted Ross. The film was a box-office failure. While working on the film Jackson met producer Quincy Jones, though this was not the first time they had met (they originally met when Michael was 12, at Sammy Davis Jr.'s house). Jones was arranging the film's musical score and agreed to produce Jackson's next solo album, Off the Wall. In 1979, Jackson broke his nose during a complex dance routine. His subsequent rhinoplasty was not a complete success; he complained of breathing difficulties that would affect his career. He was referred to Dr. Steven Hoefflin, who performed Jackson's second rhinoplasty and subsequent operations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.347592353820801, "source": "wiki", "title": "Michael Jackson" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The original Baltimore cast included Renee Harris as Dorothy, Charles Valentino as the Scarecrow, Ben Harney as the Tin Man, Ken Prymus as the Cowardly Lion, and Butterfly McQueen as the Queen of the Field Mice. Only Harney would remain in the Broadway cast, but in a much smaller role. Harris stayed on as understudy for the role of Dorothy, as did McQueen for the role of Addaperle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.871112823486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "*Hinton Battle as the Scarecrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.52055549621582, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "A number of members of the original Broadway cast returned for this celebratory run. Actress Phylicia Rashad, a munchkin and swing in the original production, co-hosted the performance with George Faison. André De Shields reprised his original role as the Wiz; Dee Dee Bridgewater, Tony Award winner for her role as Glinda reprised this original role; Evelyn Thomas reprised her original role as the Tornado and Ebony Jo-Ann, who played Addaperle in the Broadway revival of the production reprised her role as well. Singer-songwriter Wallace Gary joined the cast as the Scarecrow. Damien L. Sneed acted as the musical director and conductor of The Wiz: A Celebration in Dance and Music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.409752368927002, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The Yellow Brick Road leads them into a great forest where they discover a man made of tin, rusted solid. They oil his joints (\"Slide Some Oil To Me\") and he tells them how, to prevent him from marrying a servant girl, the Wicked Witch of the East put a spell on his axe so that it began to cut off parts of his body. Each time it happened, a tinsmith replaced the missing part with one made of tin until he was entirely made of it. The one thing the tinsmith forgot was a heart, and the Tin Man has longed for one ever since. Dorothy and the Scarecrow invite him on their journey to see the Wizard with the hope that he may give him one (\"Ease On Down the Road #2\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.271439552307129, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Seeing a green glow in the distance, they continue their journey to the Emerald City, and wander into a field of poppies who blow opium dust on them. Not being made of flesh, the Scarecrow and Tin Man are unaffected, but Dorothy and the Lion begin to become disoriented and drowsy. Dorothy recalls that the Munchkins warned her of the dangerous poppies, and runs from the field as fast as she can with the Scarecrow and Tin Man behind her. The Lion is overcome by the dust and begins to hallucinate (\"Lion's Dream\"). He is dragged from the field and returned to his friends by the Field Mice who police the area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.309228897094727, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Evillene rules over the yellow land of the west, enslaving its people, the Winkies. She is evil, power hungry, and ruthlessly determined to get her hands on the silver slippers, so that she may increase her power and rule over all of Oz (\"Winkie Chant/Don't Nobody Bring Me No Bad News\"). Receiving word of Dorothy and her odd friends approaching, she sends her Winged Monkeys to kill them (\"Funky Monkeys\"). Catching up to the group in the forest surrounding the castle, the monkeys dash the Tin Man against rocks until he falls apart, and rip the straw out of the Scarecrow, leaving both of them helpless. Seeing Dorothy's silver shoes, however, they dare not harm her. Instead, they carry her to Evillene's castle along with the Lion. While searching for a way to get the slippers from Dorothy, the witch forces her and the Lion to do menial chores around the castle. She takes delight in torturing the Lion before Dorothy, threatening to have him skinned unless she hands over the silver slippers. Angered by this, Dorothy picks up a bucket of water and throws it over Evillene, who melts until only her magic golden cap remains. Her spell on the Winkies is lifted, and they show their thanks by restoring the Scarecrow and Tin Man to top condition, and reuniting the four friends (\"Everybody Rejoice\").", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3344087600708, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Furious, the quartet confronts the Wizard on his deceptions (\"Who Do You Think You Are?\"), but he points out that the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion already have the things they seek as shown in their behavior on the journeys they have made (\"Believe In Yourself\"). They remain unconvinced, so he creates physical symbols of their desires and they are satisfied. He proposes that Dorothy can return to Kansas the way he came, and offers to pilot her in his hot air balloon. He addresses the citizens of the Emerald City in person for the first time in many years, telling them of his imminent journey, and leaving the clever Scarecrow in charge (\"Y'all Got It!\"). Just as his speech reaches its climax, the balloon comes free from its moorings and rises quickly into the air, taking Dorothy's hopes of getting home with it.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.254660606384277, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Eleven years later, following the production of two live musicals for NBC – The Sound of Music Live! (2013) and Peter Pan Live! (2014), Zadan and Meron announced The Wiz Live! as their next production (NBC, by this point, having purchased Universal Studios). NBC's live performance of the stage show aired on December 3, 2015. Stephanie Mills, who originated the role of Dorothy on Broadway, played Aunt Em. An open casting call for the role of Dorothy took place on June 6, 2015. In July 2015, Queen Latifah was cast as the Wiz and Mary J. Blige was confirmed to play the role of Evillene. In addition, Beyoncé was offered to play Glinda, but no deal was made. The following month, David Alan Grier was cast as the Cowardly Lion, and newcomer Shanice Williams was chosen to play Dorothy. Uzo Aduba played Glinda and Amber Riley portrayed Addaperle, the Good Witch of the North. Other principal cast-members included Elijah Kelley as the Scarecrow, Ne-Yo as the Tin Man, and Common as the Bouncer, the gatekeeper of the entrance to Emerald City. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.088201522827148, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The next morning, Dorothy happens upon a Scarecrow (Michael Jackson) made of garbage and rags, and saves him from being viciously teased and picked on by a group of humanoid crows and whom she befriends. The two of them discover the yellow brick road and happily begin to follow it together. The Scarecrow hopes the Wizard might be able to give him the one thing he feels that he lacks – a brain. Along the way to the Emerald City, Dorothy, Toto, and the Scarecrow meet the Tin Man (Nipsey Russell), in an abandoned turn-of-the-century amusement park and the Cowardly Lion (Ted Ross), a vain dandy banished from the jungle who hid inside one of the stone lions in front of the New York Public Library. The Tin Man and Lion join them on their quest to find the Wizard, hoping to gain a heart and courage, respectively. Before the five adventurers reach the Emerald City, they must face obstacles such as a deadly subway where they meet a crazy subway peddler (a homeless man) who unleashes evil puppets in his control. They narrowly escape the subway and then encounter the \"Poppy\" Girls (a reference to the poppy field from the original story), flamboyant prostitutes who attempt to put Dorothy, Toto, and the Lion into an eternal sleep with magic poppy perfume.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.696907997131348, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "After a long chase, the Flying Monkeys succeed in capturing their targets and bring them back to Evillene. Vengeful for Dorothy having killed her sister, she dismembers the Scarecrow, flattens the Tin Man, and tortures the Lion in hopes of making Dorothy give her the silver shoes. When she threatens to throw Toto into a fiery cauldron, Dorothy nearly gives in until the Scarecrow hints to her to activate a fire sprinkler switch, which she does. The sprinklers put out the fire but also melt Evillene. She is flushed down into her throne, the lid of which slams shut like a toilet. With Evillene finally gone, her spells lose their power: the Winkies are freed from their permanent costumes (revealing attractive humans underneath) and their sweatshop tools disappear. They rejoice in dance and praise Dorothy as their emancipator. The Flying Monkeys give her and her friends a triumphant ride back to the Emerald City.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.310712814331055, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Upon arriving, the quartet takes a back door into the Wizard's quarters and discovers that he is a \"phony\". The \"great and powerful Oz\" is actually Herman Smith, a failed politician from Atlantic City, New Jersey, who was transported to Oz when a balloon he was flying to promote his campaign to become the city dogcatcher was lost in a storm. The Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Lion are distraught that they will never receive their respective brain, heart, and courage, but Dorothy makes them realize that they already have had these things all along. Just as it seems as if she will never be able to get home, Glinda the Good Witch of the South (Lena Horne), appears and implores her to find her way home by searching within and using the magic of the silver slippers by clicking the heels together three times. After thanking Glinda and saying goodbye to her friends, she takes Toto in her arms, thinks of home and the things she loves most about it. When Dorothy clicks her heels, she immediately finds herself back in her neighborhood of Harlem. Now a changed woman, Dorothy carries Toto back to their apartment building; implying she now has the strength to face her fears and move forward with her life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225178718566895, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Critics panned The Wiz upon its October 1978 release. Many reviewers directed their criticism at Diana Ross, who they believed was far too old to play Dorothy. Most agreed that what had worked so successfully on stage simply did not translate well to the screen. Hischak's Through the Screen Door: What Happened to the Broadway Musical When It Went to Hollywood criticized \"Joel Schumacher's cockamamy screenplay\", and called \"Believe in Yourself\" the score's weakest song. He described Diana Ross's portrayal of Dorothy as: \"cold, neurotic and oddly unattractive\"; and noted that the film was \"a critical and box office bust\". In his work History of the American Cinema, Harpole characterized the film as \"one of the decade's biggest failures\", and, \"the year's biggest musical flop\". The Grove Book of Hollywood noted that \"the picture finished off Diana Ross's screen career\", as the film was Ross's final theatrical feature. In his book Blockbuster, Tom Shone referred to The Wiz as \"expensive crud\". In the book Mr. and Mrs. Hollywood, the author criticized the script, noting, \"The Wiz was too scary for children, and too silly for adults.\" Ray Bolger, who played the Scarecrow in the 1939 The Wizard of Oz film, did not think highly of The Wiz, stating \"The Wiz is overblown and will never have the universal appeal that the classic MGM musical has obtained.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.803811073303223, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Michael Jackson's performance as the Scarecrow was one of the only positively reviewed elements of the film, with critics noting that Jackson possessed \"genuine acting talent\" and \"provided the only genuinely memorable moments.\" Of the results of the film, Jackson stated: \"I don't think it could have been any better, I really don't.\" In 1980, Jackson stated that his time working on The Wiz was \"my greatest experience so far . . . I'll never forget that.\" The film received a positive critique for its elaborate set design, and the book American Jewish Filmmakers noted that it \"features some of the most imaginative adaptations of New York locales since the glory days of the Astaire-Rogers films.\" In a 2004 review of the film, Christopher Null wrote positively of Ted Ross and Richard Pryor's performances. However, Null's overall review of the film was critical, and he wrote that other than the song \"Ease on Down the Road\", \"the rest is an acid trip of bad dancing, garish sets, and a Joel Schumacher-scripted mess that runs 135 agonizing minutes.\" A 2005 piece by Hank Stuever in The Washington Post described the film as \"a rather appreciable delight, even when it's a mess\", and felt that the singing – especially Diana Ross's – was \"a marvel\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.7684186100959778, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Wiz (film)" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The scarecrow is still learning how to walk after he got down from the pole. When Dorothy runs to the taxis, the scarecrow walks perfectly to another place behind Dorothy. When they sing \"Ease on down the road,\" the scarecrow is sill trying to walk to the Yellow Brick Road. See more »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.44499683380127, "source": "search", "title": "The Wiz (1978) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "The song playing is \"Ease on Down The Road\", this is sang by Diana Ross and Michael Jackson after the Scarecrow and Dorothy meet.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.222716331481934, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Jackson's best bits in The Wiz - YouTube" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Lumet was harder to convince. He wanted Jimmie “J. J.” Walker, star of TV’s Good Times. “Michael Jackson’s a Vegas act. The Jackson 5’s a Vegas act,” the director told Cohen. Quincy Jones was skeptical of Jackson, too, but Cohen arranged a meeting, flying 19-year-old MJ to New York. Finally, Lumet and Jones saw the qualities that Cohen saw. “That boy is so sweet! He’s so pure!” Lumet exulted. “I want him as the Scarecrow.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.328629493713379, "source": "search", "title": "The Wiz: Michael Jackson Behind the Scenes on the Original" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "Quincy Jones was always present. (In the film, Jones appears dressed in gold, playing a giant piano in Times Square.) He, too, began to pay attention to Jackson. When it came time for the Scarecrow part, Michael stepped to the microphone and began to sing, not the bright-sounding Michael Jackson of “I Want You Back” but the 18-year-old MJ whose voice had evolved into something as smooth and powerful as the Concorde. Cohen, the producer, noticed Jones gaping. “He looked at Michael the way a jaguar looks at a goat,” Cohen says. “It was like, ‘I want him.’ ”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1999287605285645, "source": "search", "title": "The Wiz: Michael Jackson Behind the Scenes on the Original" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "One of the reasons Diana was able to nab the role was because she promised that Michael would be a part of the film if she was cast. This was Michael’s first feature film and critics and audiences agreed he put his foot in it. He prepared for the film by studying the movements of gazelles, cheetahs and panthers to make the Scarecrow more graceful. He was certainly smooth when he and Diana eased on down that yellow brick road, wouldn’t you agree?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.464165687561035, "source": "search", "title": "Bet You Didn’t Know: Secrets Behind The Making Of “The Wiz”" }, { "answer": "The Scarecrow", "passage": "“I actually went in for Scarecrow,” he says, in between rehearsals. “I took time and really learned three different versions of the lines and got the songs down. I took time away from my schedule to study for the role of the Scarecrow. I did what I thought was an amazing audition, right? Then [director] Kenny [Leon] said, ‘Great. Do you mind looking over the Tin Man and seeing what you can do with that?’”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351826667785645, "source": "search", "title": "Ne-Yo PLay Tin Man in The Wiz - Essence.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pepsi", "passage": "In 1990 \"It Takes Two\" was covered by Rod Stewart and Tina Turner and featured in a television advertising campaign for Pepsi. It was released as the lead single from Stewart's album Vagabond Heart, produced by Bernard Edwards and released in late 1990. The duet was a European hit, peaking at #5 in the UK, and becoming a Top 10 single in several European countries. It later appeared on both artists' greatest hits albums: Turner's Simply The Best (1991), and Stewart's The Very Best of Rod Stewart (2001).", "precise_score": 8.090288162231445, "rough_score": 8.35777759552002, "source": "wiki", "title": "It Takes Two (Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston song)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "In 1984, Shepperton Studios changed hands yet again, coming under the control of brothers John and Benny Lee, who renovated the studios but soon lost control as a result of the \"Black Monday\" of 1987, the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike and internal issues within their company, Lee International. Bankers Warburg Pincus acquired the studios, which became busy with the filming of TV shows as well as such films as Franco Zeffirelli's Hamlet (1990), Kevin Reynolds' Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) and Nicholas Hytner's The Madness of King George (1994). In 1995, the studios were purchased by a consortium headed by Ridley and Tony Scott, which led to an extensive renovation of the studios as well as the expansion and improvement of its grounds.", "precise_score": 7.977710723876953, "rough_score": 8.802292823791504, "source": "wiki", "title": "Shepperton Studios" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "The Scott brothers, Ridley and Tony, acquired Shepperton in January 1995. In 2001, Pinewood Studios, famed for its James Bond movies, bought Shepperton studios to enable the joint company to attract big-budget film-makers. The two studios continue to retain their individual trading identities despite the merger but will be under common ownership and management.", "precise_score": 8.021841049194336, "rough_score": 9.687625885009766, "source": "search", "title": "Shepperton Studios | Britmovie | Home of British Films" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought by Scott bros | The Independent", "precise_score": 7.851937294006348, "rough_score": 7.609774589538574, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "In 1984, the studio changed hands again, coming under the control of brothers John and Benny Lee, who renovated the studio but soon lost control as a combined result of 1987′s Black Monday, the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike and internal issues in Lee International PLC. Bankers Warburg-Pincus took control, and Shepperton became busy in filming television shows as well as such films as Franco Zeffirelli’s Hamlet (1990), Kevin Reynolds’ Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) and Nicholas Hytner’s The Madness of King George (1994). In 1995, the studio was purchased by a consortium headed by Ridley and Tony Scott, which extensively renovated the studios while also expanding and improving its grounds. In 2001, Shepperton merged with Pinewood Studios, forming the Pinewood Group (which later expanded to include Teddington Studios).", "precise_score": 7.139266490936279, "rough_score": 8.259347915649414, "source": "search", "title": "Shepperton | FilmNav" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Scottish businessman Norman Loudon purchased Littleton Park in 1931 for use by his new film company, Sound Film Producing & Recording Studios; the facility opened in 1932. The studios, which produced both short and feature films, quickly became successful and expanded rapidly. Proximity to the Vickers-Armstrongs aircraft factory at Brooklands, which attracted German bombers, disrupted filming during the Second World War, as did the requisitioning of the studios in 1941 by the government, who first used it for sugar storage and later to create decoy aircraft and munitions for positioning in the Middle East. The Ministry of Aircraft Production also took over part of the studios for the production of Vickers Wellington bomber components early in the war.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.010627746582031, "source": "wiki", "title": "Shepperton Studios" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "The studios' 1970s credits include Kubrick's A Clockwork Orange and Jimmy Perry and David Croft's Dad's Army (1971), Richard Attenborough's Young Winston (1972) and Fred Zinnemann's The Day of the Jackal. In 1975, the studios were again transferred to new ownership and in spite of sparse production schedules served as the filming site of some high-budget productions, including Richard Donner's The Omen (1976), Franklin Schaffner's The Boys from Brazil (1978), Ridley Scott's Alien (1979), David Lynch's The Elephant Man (1980), Attenborough's Gandhi (1982) and David Lean's A Passage to India (1984). In 1978, rock band The Who filmed live concert scenes at Shepperton especially for their documentary The Kids Are Alright.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.347404956817627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Shepperton Studios" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010) ... Foley Recording Facility", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36762523651123, "source": "search", "title": "Shepperton Studios [gb] - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "The British film director brothers Ridley and Tony Scott bought Shepperton film studios yesterday for £12m. The deal is expected to give a big boost to the British film industry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.58790397644043, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "London-based Candover Investments, which specialises in company buy-outs, put up £7m of the £12m purchase price, with £4m from Barclays Bank and £1m from the Scotts. Contributions were also made by Shepperton's management and Intermedia Film Equities of California, which specialises in mergers and acquisitions. The extra money will provide working capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.361143112182617, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Shepperton operated profitably under Lee International's ownership, but was kept under tight financial constraints. That should change in the next five years: the Scotts plan to spend at least £10m on upgrading.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.355542182922363, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Job losses are not expected. A recent survey of Shepperton's management structure is said to have impressed the Scotts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.112627029418945, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Neither would speak to the media yesterday, although Ridley Scott said in a statement: \"I am particularly pleased to confirm that we shall be continuing with the studio's first-class management team, led by Denis Carrigan. We have been working together on our plans to extend the facility.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.205419540405273, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "When the brothers announced their intention to buy the studio in September, Ridley Scott admitted: \"I've been shooting there for 27 years. The sale is almost nostalgic, but I don't want it to be a nostalgic relationship. I want it to be a business relationship.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.996156692504883, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Nigel Sinclair, of Intermedia, one of the companies involved with the Scotts in the takeover, said yesterday: \"This is a cutting-edge deal. British film-makers who have achieved top success in Hollywood are bringing their expertise back to the UK's most venerable studio.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.877518653869629, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Andrew Patrick, chief executive of the British Film Commission, said: \"It's obviously good news to have attracted people of the stature of the Scott brothers. Buying Shepperton is a vote of confidence in the UK.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.024028237909078598, "source": "search", "title": "Brothers in £12m deal for Shepperton film studios bought ..." }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Scottish businessman Norman Loudon purchased Littleton Park in 1931 for use by his new film company, Sound Film Producing & Recording Studios; the facility opened in 1932. The studio, which produced both shorts and features, was quickly successful and rapidly expanded. Proximity to the Vickers-Armstrongs aircraft factory at Brooklands, which attracted German bombers, disrupted filming in World War II, as did the requisitioning of the studio in 1941 by the government, who first used it for sugar storage and later to create decoy aircraft and munitions for positioning in the Middle East. The Ministry of Aircraft Production also took over part of the studios for dispersed production of Vickers Wellington bomber components early in WW2.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.241260051727295, "source": "search", "title": "Shepperton | FilmNav" }, { "answer": "Scott", "passage": "Among the issues faced by Shepperton during that time was the desire of new British Lion head John Bentley to sell Shepperton for housing, since repurposing the land would almost double its value. Films made during this turbulent time include Richard Attenborough’s Young Winston (1972) and Fred Zinnemann’s The Day of the Jackal.The British film industry proposed a compromise, and in 1973 the studio was reduced from 60 acres (240,000 m2) to 20. In 1975, the studio changed hands and in spite of low production schedules was a filming site of some notable features, including Richard Donner’s The Omen (1976), Franklin Schaffner’s The Boys from Brazil (1978), Ridley Scott’s Alien (1979), David Lynch’s The Elephant Man (1980), Attenborough’s Gandhi (1982) and David Lean’s A Passage to India (1984).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.624720573425293, "source": "search", "title": "Shepperton | FilmNav" } ]

[ { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Despite backing some excellent films, Rank was in crisis by 1949, having built up a debt of £16 million. and reported an annual loss of £3.5 million, Managing Director John Davis cut staff, reduced budgets and concentrated film production at Pinewood. Other studio facilities (in Islington) were closed, sold (Lime Grove Studios) or leased (Denham). The Rank Organisation closed Independent Producers Ltd. The policies of Davis alienated many in the industry, in particular they led film director David Lean, responsible for some of Rank's most critically and financially successful films, to look elsewhere for backing. ", "precise_score": 2.8589916229248047, "rough_score": -5.145814895629883, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rank Organisation" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Rank and his partners made their next move in 1935, becoming owner-operators of Pinewood Film Studios, which had only recently been created as a potential rival to the Hollywood studios. Then in 1936, Rank made a bold move to improve his distribution, by removing the middlemen who controlled 80% of the British film industry, and clogged the theatrical pipeline with American movies. He began by forming a partnership with filmmaker C.M. Woolf, for the purpose of creating the General Cinema Finance Corporation (GCFC). They then used that company to buy out General Film Distributors, the UK distributors for Universal Pictures. Distribution problems solved.", "precise_score": 5.454710483551025, "rough_score": 3.4253833293914795, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of The Rank Organisation" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "By 1937, Rank’s movie assets were still accumulating, and besides Pinewood, now included Denham Film Studios, as well as several other interests, and it was at this time he consolidated these holdings in a new company called the Rank Organisation. In 1938, the Rank Organisation bought the Odeon cinema chain. In 1938, it also bought Amalgamated Studios in Elstree, and in 1941, it absorbed the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation, which owned 251 cinemas, and the Lime Grove Studios, (which Rank later sold to BBC Television.) It also acquired the Paramount cinema chain, so that by 1942, the Rank Organisation owned a total of 619 cinemas. By the late 1940s, Rank owned a total of five studios adding Ealing Studios and Islington Studios to those not already named above. The conglomerate also included Rank Screen Advertising and Deluxe Laboratories.", "precise_score": 4.720880508422852, "rough_score": 4.756231784820557, "source": "search", "title": "A Brief History of The Rank Organisation" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood Studios opens. The keynote speech of Leslie Burgin, member of parliament, parliamentary secretary to the London Board of Trade, emphasizes the \"British government's interest in the progress of the British film industry\" (Daily Variety, Oct. 15).", "precise_score": -6.202813625335693, "rough_score": -8.196182250976562, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "After a 12-day strike and threats of having to close the studios, Pinewood reaches a deal with employees and remains open. (Variety, July 22).", "precise_score": -8.478352546691895, "rough_score": -8.12794303894043, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood stages a massive party for its 21-year anniversary with an entire week of festivities. John Davis, managing director of the Rank Organization at the time, calls the facility \"the biggest, busiest and most resilient studio in Europe.\" (Variety, Jan. 8, 1958)", "precise_score": 1.1672070026397705, "rough_score": -4.486062526702881, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "After a 12-day strike and threats of having to close the studios, Pinewood reaches a deal with employees and remains open. (Variety, July 22).", "precise_score": -8.478352546691895, "rough_score": -8.12794303894043, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood stages a massive party for its 21-year anniversary with an entire week of festivities. John Davis, managing director of the Rank Organization at the time, calls the facility “the biggest, busiest and most resilient studio in Europe.” (Variety, Jan. 8, 1958)", "precise_score": 1.2885717153549194, "rough_score": -4.519898891448975, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "In 1933, J. Arthur Rank, who had started by making religious films, founded British National. In 1935, he went into partnership with C.M.Woolf to take over Pinewood Studios, 20 miles west of London and found the Rank Organisation. At the same time, Oscar Deutsch was building up the Odeon chain of cinemas. But by 1937, the boom turned into a slump.", "precise_score": 5.055593013763428, "rough_score": 1.7130424976348877, "source": "search", "title": "AK14 Films: British Film" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "* 1939 - Denham Film Studios were merged with the facilities at Pinewood and the Amalgamated Studios in Borehamwood were acquired, but not used for making films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.603641510009766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rank Organisation" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "* Five major film studio complexes, Pinewood Film Studios, Denham Film Studios, Ealing Studios, Lime Grove Studios and Islington Studios. (The studios at Lime Grove were sold to the BBC in 1949.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25425910949707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rank Organisation" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "During the 1950s the British photographer Cornel Lucas set up the Pool Studio at Pinewood where he photographed many of the movie stars of this era of cinema, such as Marlene Dietrich and David Niven. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.557662963867188, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rank Organisation" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - James Bond 007 :: MI6 - The Home Of James Bond", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.76778793334961, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.478443145751953, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "A look back on the history of Pinewood Studios by Variety .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.190512657165527, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Rank, producer John Corfield and Henrietta Yule -- founders of the British National Films Co. -- become owner-operators of Pinewood. Yule would later sell her shares to Rank while Corfield would eventually resign from its board of directors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.673027992248535, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood Studios merges with Denham Film Studios, founded by producer Alexander Korda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.504517555236816, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "\"Black Narcissus,\" set high in the Himalayas but shot primarily at Pinewood, is the first of two masterpieces shot at the facility by the filmmaking team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. They would later make \"Red Shoes\" (1948) there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.116044998168945, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Fox's production head Buddy Adler and producer Walter Wanger decide to transfer the studio production of Elizabeth Taylor vehicle \"Cleopatra\" to Pinewood and Shepperton. The film is \"expected to top a budget of $5,000,000,\" according to Daily Variety, and it's claimed that \"it will be the most expensive pic ever to be shot at Pinewood.\" (Daily Variety, May 25)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.104742050170898, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "The release of \"Dr. No\" kicks off the highly lucrative series of James Bond films, and is the first of several pics in the 077 spy franchise shot at Pinewood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.447993278503418, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "As filming ramps up on \"The Spy Who Loved Me,\" construction begins on a vast new \"silent\" sound stage at Pinewood, the 007 Stage. To complement this stage, EON Prods., the outfit behind the Bond films, also pays for the building of a water tank capable of storing approximately 1,200,000 gallons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.29803466796875, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood plans \"to create a theme park on the backlot and promote studio tours\" but the idea remains \"pending via the slow-grinding bureaucratic mill\" (Variety, July 18).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.90654182434082, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Rank turns down an offer by Francis Ford Coppola and other execs to buy Pinewood. \"Besides Coppola, the syndicate includes Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Brian De Palma and Michael Powell,\" according to Daily Variety.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.904468536376953, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood's 50th anniversary is celebrated with little fanfare. Managing director Cyril Howard tells Variety, \"It is obviously a milestone in any history book but plans became so big I decided to say no. The (economic) climate is down, and it would have been immoral when we are doing badly to host a huge party.\" (Daily Variety, Sept. 24, 1986)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.305030822753906, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood merges with Shepperton Studios, the other leading British production facility, and is renamed Pinewood Shepperton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.840017318725586, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "A sales and marketing deal is struck with production facilty FilmPort, which becomes Pinewood Toronto Studios, billed as the largest of its kind in Canada.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.955777168273926, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "A joint venture with Studio Hamburg is inked to form Pinewood Studios Berlin Film Services.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.01065731048584, "source": "search", "title": "Variety looks back on the history of Pinewood Studios - MI6" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "A look back on the history of Pinewood Studios", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.036908149719238, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Rank, producer John Corfield and Henrietta Yule — founders of the British National Films Co. — become owner-operators of Pinewood. Yule would later sell her shares to Rank while Corfield would eventually resign from its board of directors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.548778533935547, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood Studios opens. The keynote speech of Leslie Burgin, member of parliament, parliamentary secretary to the London Board of Trade, emphasizes the “British government’s interest in the progress of the British film industry” (Daily Variety, Oct. 15).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.328352928161621, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood Studios merges with Denham Film Studios, founded by producer Alexander Korda.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.504517555236816, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "“Black Narcissus,” set high in the Himalayas but shot primarily at Pinewood, is the first of two masterpieces shot at the facility by the filmmaking team of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger. They would later make “Red Shoes” (1948) there.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.145406723022461, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Fox’s production head Buddy Adler and producer Walter Wanger decide to transfer the studio production of Elizabeth Taylor vehicle “Cleopatra” to Pinewood and Shepperton. The film is “expected to top a budget of $5,000,000,” according to Daily Variety, and it’s claimed that “it will be the most expensive pic ever to be shot at Pinewood.” (Daily Variety, May 25)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.077954292297363, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "The release of “Dr. No” kicks off the highly lucrative series of James Bond films, and is the first of several pics in the 077 spy franchise shot at Pinewood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.446393013000488, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "As filming ramps up on “The Spy Who Loved Me ,” construction begins on a vast new “silent” sound stage at Pinewood, the 007 Stage. To complement this stage, EON Prods., the outfit behind the Bond films, also pays for the building of a water tank capable of storing approximately 1,200,000 gallons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.296990394592285, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood plans “to create a theme park on the backlot and promote studio tours” but the idea remains “pending via the slow-grinding bureaucratic mill” (Variety, July 18).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.910928726196289, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Rank turns down an offer by Francis Ford Coppola and other execs to buy Pinewood. “Besides Coppola, the syndicate includes Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Brian De Palma and Michael Powell,” according to Daily Variety.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.909193992614746, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood’s 50th anniversary is celebrated with little fanfare. Managing director Cyril Howard tells Variety, “It is obviously a milestone in any history book but plans became so big I decided to say no. The (economic) climate is down, and it would have been immoral when we are doing badly to host a huge party.” (Daily Variety, Sept. 24, 1986)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.30767822265625, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Pinewood merges with Shepperton Studios, the other leading British production facility, and is renamed Pinewood Shepperton.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.84001636505127, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "A sales and marketing deal is struck with production facilty FilmPort, which becomes Pinewood Toronto Studios, billed as the largest of its kind in Canada.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.955777168273926, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "A joint venture with Studio Hamburg is inked to form Pinewood Studios Berlin Film Services.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.010658264160156, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" }, { "answer": "Pinewood", "passage": "Spotlight: Pinewood at 75", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.341121673583984, "source": "search", "title": "From Liz to Bond and beyond | Variety" } ]

[ { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Renaldo and Clara is a 1978 American film directed by Bob Dylan and starring Bob Dylan, Sara Dylan, and Joan Baez. Written by Dylan and Sam Shepard, the film incorporates three distinct film genres: concert footage, documentary interviews, and dramatic fictional vignettes reflective of Dylan's song lyrics and life.", "precise_score": 10.561681747436523, "rough_score": 9.506306648254395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "But this movie is a masterpiece in spite of its faults, or perhaps because of them. Conceived by Dylan as an early experiment in cinema verite (a genre now typically known as \"reality tv\"), Renaldo and Clara tells a single story but deliberately confuses the identities of all the characters, several of which are played by Dylan, his former lover Joan Baez or his then-wife Sara Dylan. Bob Neuwirth, T. Bone Burnette, Ronee Blakely, Mick Ronson, Scarlet Rivera, Ronnie Hawkins, Rob Stoner and countless other friends come along for the ride. Various improvised or real-life scenes introduce themes of love, politics and the meaning of America, and by the end none of the themes are easily resolved. The film quality is erratic, the direction is often unclear, and the acting is often clumsy (guitarist Mick Ronson is particularly wooden, and Dylan is no Brando himself)", "precise_score": 7.502072811126709, "rough_score": 7.409152507781982, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Dylan's Renaldo and Clara To Be Finally Released ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Bob Dylan plays Renaldo, his real life wife Sara plays Clara and Joan Baez, Dylan's long-time mistress, plays The Woman in White. This 1978 film features Dylan as director and it hit theaters with a huge bomb as critics tore it apart, fans didn't show up to see it and some theater owners refused to play it. Dylan later edited the film down to 122-minutes, which featured mostly concert stuff, but this version hasn't been seen since the original release. All of this was filmed during Dylan's 1975 Rolling Thunder Revue, which in my opinion featured Dylan's at his best and only ranking second behind the legendary 1966 tour. The gimmick of this tour was that Dylan, along with Baez, Jack Elliott, Bob Neuwirth and various others would tour around the country without announcing any dates. Instead, they'd simply have their tour bus stop and the concert would take place within the matter of days, if not on that day itself.", "precise_score": 7.366174221038818, "rough_score": 8.235280990600586, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "RENALDO AND CLARA, directed and written by Bob Dylan; edited by Mr. Dylan and Howard Alk; photography by David Myers, Paul Goldsmith, Mr. Alk and Michael Levine; music by Mr. Dylan, Ronee Blakley, Joan Baez, Roger McGuinn and Jacques Levy, Allen Ginsberg and others; produced by Lombard Street Films; distributed by Circuit Films: At The Festival, 57th Street at Fifth Aveune; The New Yorker, Broadway and 88th Street and The Waverly, Third Street and Sixth Avenue, Theaters. Running time: 292 minutes. This film is rated R.", "precise_score": 8.732955932617188, "rough_score": 8.888614654541016, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "All of which brings us to Renaldo & Clara, made a decade later, again in collaboration with Howard Alk and again using raw tour footage to illustrate the shadowy recesses of Dylan’s mind. The tour in question this time was the Rolling Thunder Revue of late 1975, which saw Dylan taking a motley crew of musicians (including Roger McGuinn, Ronee Blakely, Joan Baez, Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, Bob Neuwirth, T-Bone Burnet, and Joni Mitchell) on a trip through the northeastern United States and Canada. Much of the non-musical documentary material in Renaldo & Clara is devoted to demystifying the rock tour experience, using techniques that anticipate (and perhaps influenced) later films like Radiohead’s Meeting People Is Easy and Wilco’s I Am Trying to Break Your Heart : the audience is treated to long sequences of roadies setting up equipment in empty arenas, awkward media meet ‘n’ greets, stoned rap sessions with fans and groupies, and interminably long train and car rides. It’s all pretty boring – which is probably the point.", "precise_score": 8.108952522277832, "rough_score": 8.4984769821167, "source": "search", "title": "notcoming.com | Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "If Dylan had released a straightforward visual showcase of this band, we might be speaking of Renaldo & Clara as one of the great concert films of the rock era. Alas, the elements described above take up just about an hour of Renaldo & Clara’s running time – the film isn’t called The Rolling Thunder Revue, after all. No, much of Renaldo & Clara is devoted to semi-improvised dramatic scenes that suggest an unholy collaboration between Sam Peckinpah and John Cassavetes. (That description that might whet the appetites of cinephiles, but trust me, it’s nowhere near that good.) These barely-written, clumsily edited scenes, mainly featuring Dylan’s then-wife Sara, playwright/actor Sam Shepard, Joan Baez and Dylan himself, are made of the flimsiest of materials, and it shows. The actors (or, in most cases, non-actors) don’t seem to have been given much in the way of guidance, and they painfully grope for something, anything, that might lead to a meaningful exchange. “I need you,” Shepard tells Sara Dylan at one point. “Need me for what?” she asks. “I need you to perform certain magical things with me, that’s all,” Shepard responds. It’s a fairly typical moment.", "precise_score": 7.215313911437988, "rough_score": 7.747165203094482, "source": "search", "title": "notcoming.com | Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "* Joan Baez as Woman in White", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.410123825073242, "source": "wiki", "title": "Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "* \"Diamonds & Rust\" performed by Joan Baez", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420767784118652, "source": "wiki", "title": "Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "* \"The Water Is Wide\" performed by Bob Dylan and Joan Baez, Palace Theater, Waterbury, CT, November 11, 1975", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.482132911682129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "* \"Suzanne\" performed by Joan Baez", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.338909149169922, "source": "wiki", "title": "Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "* \"Never Let Me Go\" performed by Bob Dylan and Joan Baez, Montreal Forum, December 4, 1975", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.960017204284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Renaldo and Clara" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "The rough edge of Dylan's singing was unsettling to some but an attraction to others. Joyce Carol Oates wrote: \"When we first heard this raw, very young, and seemingly untrained voice, frankly nasal, as if sandpaper could sing, the effect was dramatic and electrifying.\" Many early songs reached the public through more palatable versions by other performers, such as Joan Baez, who became Dylan's advocate as well as his lover. Baez was influential in bringing Dylan to prominence by recording several of his early songs and inviting him on stage during her concerts. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.708232879638672, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "In the middle of that year, Dylan wrote a ballad championing boxer Rubin \"Hurricane\" Carter, imprisoned for a triple murder in Paterson, New Jersey, in 1966. After visiting Carter in jail, Dylan wrote \"Hurricane\", presenting the case for Carter's innocence. Despite its length—over eight minutes—the song was released as a single, peaking at 33 on the U.S. Billboard chart, and performed at every 1975 date of Dylan's next tour, the Rolling Thunder Revue.According to Shelton, Dylan named the tour Rolling Thunder and then \"appeared pleased when someone told him to native Americans, rolling thunder means speaking the truth.\" A Cherokee medicine man named Rolling Thunder appeared on stage at Providence, RI, \"stroking a feather in time to the music\". Shelton (2011), p. 310. The tour featured about one hundred performers and supporters from the Greenwich Village folk scene, including T-Bone Burnett, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Joni Mitchell, David Mansfield, Roger McGuinn, Mick Ronson, Joan Baez, and Scarlet Rivera, whom Dylan discovered walking down the street, her violin case on her back. Allen Ginsberg accompanied the troupe, staging scenes for the film Dylan was shooting. Sam Shepard was hired to write the screenplay, but ended up accompanying the tour as informal chronicler. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.158767223358154, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "No Direction Home, Martin Scorsese's acclaimed film biography of Dylan, was first broadcast on September 26–27, 2005, on BBC Two in the UK and PBS in the US. The documentary focuses on the period from Dylan's arrival in New York in 1961 to his motorcycle crash in 1966, featuring interviews with Suze Rotolo, Liam Clancy, Joan Baez, Allen Ginsberg, Pete Seeger, Mavis Staples, and Dylan himself. The film received a Peabody Award in April 2006 and a Columbia-duPont Award in January 2007. The accompanying soundtrack featured unreleased songs from Dylan's early career.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.881886959075928, "source": "wiki", "title": "Bob Dylan" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Bob Dylan made this concert film that chronicles a 1975/1976 performance of his Rolling Thunder Revue. In between songs he, his wife Sara Dylan, along with Joan Baez, Allen Ginsberg, and other counterculture figures perform philosophically based improvisational pieces. During the skits, Dylan plays the ambiguous Renaldo, while Ronnie Hawkins and Ronee Blakely play Dylan and his wife. Songs include \"Isis, I Want You,\" \"It Ain't Me Babe,\" \"Knockin' on Heaven's Door,\" \"Hurricane,\" \"Romance in Durango,\" \"One Too Many Mornings,\" \"One More Cup of Coffee,\" \"Sara,\" \"Patty's Gone to Laredo,\" \"Just Like a Woman,\" \"A Hard Rain's Gonna Fall,\" \"Sad-Eyed Lady of the Lowland,\" \"When I Paint My Masterpiece,\" (Bob Dylan), \"Chestnut Mare\" (Roger McGuinn), \"Diamonds and Rust\" (Joan Baez), \"Suzanne\" (Leonard Cohen), \"Need a New Sun Rising\" (Ronee Blakely), \"Salt Pork West Virginia\" (Jack Elliott), \"Kaddish\" (Allen Ginsberg), \"Cucurrucucu Paloma\" (Tomas Mendez), and \"Time of the Preacher\" (Willie Nelson).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.521472454071045, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara (1978) - Rotten Tomatoes" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "What follows is a series of bizarre vignettes and rock and roll, rife with religious imagery, angels strumming violins, a multitude of Christ statues, and Joan Baez playing some sort of temptress goddess of love.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.344666481018066, "source": "search", "title": "'Renaldo and Clara' is Bob Dylan's 4 Hour Fever Dream - Nerve" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Scenes of Ronnie Hawkins playing Dylan, Dylan playing Dylan, no one playing Dylan, Dylan playing an outlaw named Renaldo, chasing the Woman in White, who is played alternately by Joan Baez, Bob’s then-wife Sara Dylan, and hell, probably some other women too, I lost count.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.1222825050354, "source": "search", "title": "'Renaldo and Clara' is Bob Dylan's 4 Hour Fever Dream - Nerve" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Other moments, remarkable in their grace: Dylan and Sara walking in the snow. Joan Baez, grinning, dancing her ass off. Ginsberg reading a devastating “Kaddish,” getting prayed over, having his beard shaved. The gnarliest version of “House of the Rising Sun” ever. Dylan and Ginsberg, standing over Jack Kerouac’s grave, discussing lovely remarkable Jack.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.42771053314209, "source": "search", "title": "'Renaldo and Clara' is Bob Dylan's 4 Hour Fever Dream - Nerve" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Also Harry Dean Stanton and Joan Baez make out while Dylan rides around on a horse. That’s pretty cool too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.8895721435546875, "source": "search", "title": "'Renaldo and Clara' is Bob Dylan's 4 Hour Fever Dream - Nerve" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "In the film, the troupe re-enacts an old \"true-life love triangle\" (Joan Baez and Sara Dylan) and, with Allen Ginsberg, pays homage at the grave of Jack Kerouac. There are visits with Rueben \"Hurricane\" Carter in his jail cell and off-stage antics. It has many whimsical moments, plenty of hard-driving rock and roll and yes, it veers off the track on several occasions, but even those moments are not without their poetry.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.611656188964844, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "The impression I had after seeing this film, was that Bob Dylan made a film thinking it would be easier than what it turned out to be. As Dylan is my favorite musician, poet, singer, whatever... I enjoyed every minute of the film. Sometimes you have the feeling that the result is the same as if an amateur would take a digital camera on the road to film the concerts and the musicians, and also try to put in a bit of philosophy. Ronnie Hawkins and Ronee Blackley pretend to be Dylan and wife, and they have a great fight. Sara Dylan is Clara and Bob is Renaldo, and Dylan is divided between Sara and Joan Baez. Allen Ginsberg joins them on the trip and recites some poetry, goes together with Bob to visit Jack Kerouac's grave, and also lets a woman read his hand. \"You had two marriages\" she says to him. \"Yes, kind of..\" he replies. There is a musician who keeps saying to his girlfriend \"I won't let you come in between me and my music\". Dylan is great when he sings \"Knockin' on Heaven's Door\" changing the melody, and also \"Tangled up in Blue\". Joan Baez is charming, looks beautiful and has quite a voice. She sings \"Blowin in the Wind\" with Bob. They all go to visit Rubin Carter in jail and many people are interviewed on the street about their opinion of what happened to Carter. There is no doubt that somebody like Martin Scorcese could have done better, but still, just to be able to be together with this fantastic group for a couple of hours is worth seeing this film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 5.195391654968262, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "No knowledge of Mr. Dylan or his history is supposed to be central to an understanding of the film, but it nevertheless trades heavily upon his past. The singer David Blue, playing himself, talks about the artistic climate of Greenwich Village when Mr. Dylan first arrived there, and Joan Baez is rather coyly cast as Mr. Dylan's former lover. Mr. Dylan, even more coyly, is cast as someone other than himself, a very vague figure named Renaldo.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.6630675792694092, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "The film contains more than its share of dead weight, but it is seldom genuinely dull. On the credit side, there are a great many isolated images that have an independent vitality, from the sight of Joan Baez, looking unexpectedly dreamy in a white gown, to the spectacle of Allen Ginsberg, introduced as \"without a doubt a very interesting and clever personality,\" reading his poetry to a bewildered band of middle-aged ladies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.888876914978027, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "The Woman In White . . . . . Joan Baez", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.191130638122559, "source": "search", "title": "Movie Review - - 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Had to track down a stream for the finish as the last ten minutes crapped out at the private screening I attended, but mostly a big \"wow\" that something like this was ever attempted, much less by an ostensibly famous musician. Never not fascinating, with a host of interesting and unusual people floating in and out, with a lot of great interviews, while the occasional pseudo-narrative ranges from incomprehensible to irrationally hilarious. Dylan and Allen Ginsberg check out some graves, Harry Dean Stanton escapes from prison, David Blue plays pinball, Dylan plays what sounds like a ska version of \"It Ain't Me Babe\", Joan Baez plays multiple characters and covers Leonard Cohen, flashes of Joni Mitchell, Dylan dries his hands, and, in perhaps the movie's most memorable moment, a clearly acid-fueled Roger McGuinn sings a song that's apparently about fucking a horse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.811664581298828, "source": "search", "title": "‎Renaldo and Clara (1978) directed by Bob Dylan • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Had to track down a stream for the finish as the last ten minutes crapped out at the private screening I attended, but mostly a big \"wow\" that something like this was ever attempted, much less by an ostensibly famous musician. Never not fascinating, with a host of interesting and unusual people floating in and out, with a lot of great interviews, while the occasional pseudo-narrative ranges from incomprehensible to irrationally hilarious. Dylan and Allen Ginsberg check out some graves, Harry Dean Stanton escapes from prison, David Blue plays pinball, Dylan plays what sounds like a ska version of \"It Ain't Me Babe\", Joan Baez plays multiple characters and covers Leonard Cohen, flashes of Joni Mitchell, Dylan dries his hands, and, in perhaps the movie's most memorable moment, a clearly acid-fueled Roger McGuinn sings a song that's apparently about fucking a horse.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.811664581298828, "source": "search", "title": "‎Renaldo and Clara (1978) directed by Bob Dylan • Reviews ..." }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "Sara is seen with a white hat or scarf rolled tightly around her head. This is the first appearance of the Woman In White, who will later be played by Joan Baez.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.087041854858398, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara - Literary Kicks" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "McGuinn leads the band in a rockin' instrumental version of \"8 Miles High\". Joan Baez comes on stage and goes into a wild dance. She's a surprisingly good dancer for a folksinger. McGuinn then begins singing \"Chestnut Mare.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28632640838623, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara - Literary Kicks" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "The Woman In White (WIW), now and for the remainder of the film Joan Baez, arrives in her carriage and walks upstairs to where Renaldo and Clara are making out. She confronts them, looking like a woman scorned. Clara says \"Who's she?\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 3.9638442993164062, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara - Literary Kicks" }, { "answer": "Joan Baez", "passage": "The next-to-last scene has Dylan walking offstage into a room marked \"PRIVATE\". We see Joan Baez talking to a group of people and then see Dylan alone, lying on the floor of his dressing room with his guitar next to him, apparently exhausted.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.721190452575684, "source": "search", "title": "Renaldo and Clara - Literary Kicks" } ]

[ { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Richard Rodney Bennett's Orient Express theme has been reworked into an orchestral suite and performed and recorded several times. It was performed on the original soundtrack album by the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden under Marcus Dods. The piano soloist was the composer himself.", "precise_score": 6.162023544311523, "rough_score": 4.917926788330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)" }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Agatha Christie's Murder On the Orient Express (Original Sound Track) by Richard Rodney Bennett on Apple Music", "precise_score": 6.430897235870361, "rough_score": 6.103435516357422, "source": "search", "title": "Agatha Christie's Murder On the Orient Express (Original ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Richard Rodney Bennett's score for the Sidney Lumet adaptation of Agatha Christie's whodunit Murder on the Orient Express is a complicated, various orchestral work reflecting the shifting tones and large cast of characters in the movie. Things are always changing in the music, just as they do onscreen, as viewers try to make sense out of the unusually broad panorama of suspects investigated by master detective Hercule Poirot on a snowbound train in Yugoslavia in the 1930s. Bennett uses what he, in his liner notes to the 2003 reissue, calls a \"trashy main theme\" that sounds like it was borrowed from one of those classically influenced pop songs of the '40s, and he concludes with a sweeping waltz, but in between the music cues respond to the contours of the convoluted plot, which makes this the sort of score that works well while one is watching the movie, but that sounds schizophrenic when listened to simply as an aural work. Nevertheless, it is full of entertaining juxtapositions and traditional elements twisted just enough to give them an unusual feel, a tone that is true to a movie both steeped in its genre and, ultimately, able to move beyond that.", "precise_score": 7.037827014923096, "rough_score": 4.434034824371338, "source": "search", "title": "Agatha Christie's Murder On the Orient Express (Original ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Murder On The Orient Express Sheet Music by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": 7.783395767211914, "rough_score": 5.482707977294922, "source": "search", "title": "Richard Rodney Bennett - Murder On The Orient Express ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Richard Rodney Bennett 's memorable Orient Express theme has been reworked into an orchestral suite and performed and recorded several times. It was performed on the original soundtrack album by the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden under Marcus Dods . The piano soloist was the composer himself.", "precise_score": 6.019139289855957, "rough_score": 4.990753173828125, "source": "search", "title": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film) - Agatha Christie ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "from \"Murder on the Ori�nt Express\" by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.525836944580078, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Composed by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.829195022583008, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Composed by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.829195022583008, "source": "search", "title": "Murder On The Orient Express- Soundtrack details ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Top Albums and Songs by Richard Rodney Bennett", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.60335922241211, "source": "search", "title": "Agatha Christie's Murder On the Orient Express (Original ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "RICHARD RODNEY BENNETT", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.235917091369629, "source": "search", "title": "CD Reviews At the Movies, Murder on the Orient Express ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Despite this honor, however, British composer Richard Rodney Bennett's score was never released in the U.S. until this year, and now, fortunately, listeners can enjoy this music without having to watch and listen to the affected mannerisms of the film's cast at the same time. Moreover, DRG presents this remastered score with liner notes, written by Bennett, that explain the history of its composition as well as the composer's aesthetic intentions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.274169921875, "source": "search", "title": "CD Reviews At the Movies, Murder on the Orient Express ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Not that the’74 version of Murder on the Orient Express is without its flaws. True, it has much going for it: resplendent ’30s atmosphere and décor, elaborate period attire, that stellar cast already mentioned, fine ensemble acting by all involved and an elaborate, Oscar-nominated score by Richard Rodney Bennett. Especially according to audience’s need today for glitzy action, superficial character development and little exposition, the film’s major flaw is that it is terribly “British” in its slow, methodical pace, criticized even when the movie first appeared forty years ago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.6198084354400635, "source": "search", "title": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) with Albert Finney ..." }, { "answer": "Richard Rodney Bennett", "passage": "Hinted at earlier in reference to the bright main title, Orient Express is greatly assisted by one of Richard Rodney Bennett’s finest scores. It earned him his third Oscar nomination, though he lost to the team who scored The Godfather, Part II, Nino Rota and Carmine Coppola, director Francis Ford Coppola’s father. Bennett had been nominated in 1967 for Far from the Madding Crowd and in 1971 for Nicholas and Alexandra. A one-time student of French composer-conductor Pierre Boulez, he also scored the Cary Grant-Ingrid Bergman Indiscreet, Lady Caroline Lamb and, toward the end of his career, though with much classical source music, Three Weddings and a Funeral.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7593635320663452, "source": "search", "title": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) with Albert Finney ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The Great White Hope tells a fictional idealized life story of boxing champion Jack Johnson, here called Jack Jefferson. Acting as a lens focused on a racist society, The Great White Hope explores how segregation and prejudice created the demand for a \"great white hope\" who would defeat Johnson and how this, in turn, affected the boxer's life and career.", "precise_score": 4.5387396812438965, "rough_score": 5.135037899017334, "source": "wiki", "title": "The Great White Hope" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "I’m sure we have all heard the term before. It’s usually used in some form of jest. But I think it has deeper racial implications that we often don’t realize or choose to ignore. Why do we even have this term? Well origin wise it comes form the early 1900s, courtesy of the great American write Jack London. At the time Jack Johnson was the best boxer in the world. Unfortunately he was black so he didn’t get a chance at the championship. After chasing the champion for two years, jack Johnson finally got a chance at the title and won handily in fifteen rounds. Not able to stomach the sight of a black boxing champion Jack London called on James Jeffries, who retired to avoid fighting Johnson, to come out of retirement, christening him the “Great White Hope”. Needless to say Jack Johnson demolished James Jeffries. Ever since then whenever there’s a white person as the minority in sports or music they’ve been christened with the unique moniker.", "precise_score": 3.1642472743988037, "rough_score": 1.6082191467285156, "source": "search", "title": "The Great White Hope | Civic Issues- Race" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "But even Ali has acknowledged his debt to legendary boxer Jack Johnson, the first black heavyweight champion, who blazed a trail for all African-American boxers to come and is still ranked among the all-time boxing legends.", "precise_score": -5.731378078460693, "rough_score": -5.846109390258789, "source": "search", "title": "CNN.com - 'The best-known black man on Earth' - Dec 21, 2004" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "In addition to The Game (as well as The Call of the Wild, White Fang and other novels), London’s credits include his coining of the phrase “Great White Hope”, a label permanently affixed to Jim Jeffries and often attached to subsequent white boxers. Paradoxically, some black boxers got stuck with a version of the phrase as well. The 1910 fight between Jeffries and the first black heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson—an event freighted with symbolic weight—inaugurated American boxing writing, according to Kimball. “The coverage of its predecessors had borne even less resemblance to the often brilliant prose the sport would inspire over the next hundred years than did Johnson-Jeffries, contested under the Queensberry Rules, to the bare-knuckle, eye-gouging contests that prevailed as ‘boxing’ for most of the nineteenth century”, he writes in his introduction to At the Fights.1", "precise_score": 4.089768886566162, "rough_score": 5.174992561340332, "source": "search", "title": "Writers Ringside - The American Interest" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The search for a Great White Hope was not, of course, newly created by Vietnam-era basketball fans. The original “Hope” was James J. Jeffries who, on July 4, 1910, challenged legendary African American pugilist and world heavyweight champion Jack Johnson to a boxing match seen by Americans as a battle of the races—black versus white. 5 Johnson’s assertive victory over Jeffries—and, indeed, over a number of subsequent “Hopes”—flipped the dominant sports discourse of the era endorsing the physical inferiority of African American athletes. Elements of the “White Hope” narrative remained even after Johnson lost the title to white boxer Jess Willard in 1915, but it became increasingly anachronistic in the 1940s and 1950s. Debuting in 1968, a Broadway play titled The Great White Hope, a fictionalized account of Johnson’s life, starring James Earl Jones in the lead role, repopularized use of the phrase. The next year, boxing had another Great White Hope—Jerry Quarry—challenging a dominant black boxer—in this case, Joe Frazier—for the [End Page 372] heavyweight title. Once reintroduced to the American lexicon, the notion of a Great White Hope took root—particularly in sports like basketball, once ruled by white athletes and now succumbing to African American dominance.", "precise_score": 4.731681823730469, "rough_score": 6.724451541900635, "source": "search", "title": "Project MUSE - White Men Playing a Black Man’s Game ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jack Johnson, byname of John Arthur Johnson (born March 31, 1878, Galveston , Texas , U.S.—died June 10, 1946, Raleigh , N.C.), first black boxer to win the heavyweight championship of the world. Johnson is considered by many boxing observers to be one of the greatest heavyweights of all time.", "precise_score": -5.385891914367676, "rough_score": -6.08262825012207, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Johnson | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "* It originally referred to James J. Jeffries (1875-1953), a white boxer who came out of retirement in 1910 in an attempt to dislodge the first black world boxing heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson.", "precise_score": -2.5656747817993164, "rough_score": -0.0881715938448906, "source": "search", "title": "esperanza blanca - ProZ.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "* It originally referred to James J. Jeffries (1875-1953), a white boxer who came out of retirement in 1910 in an attempt to dislodge the first black world boxing heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson.", "precise_score": -2.5656747817993164, "rough_score": -0.0881715938448906, "source": "search", "title": "esperanza blanca - ProZ.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "A remarkable athlete, Johnson was also a larger-than-life character reminiscent of modern-day celebrity sports figures who also are often expected to serve as examples for their race. Johnson not only resisted that role, but he flaunted his fame and his wealth and during a time when just the suspicion of a black man flirting with a white woman could lead to his death, he openly romanced and married white women. His troubles prompted the renowned black scholar W.E. B. DuBois to comment, \"The reason Jack Johnson was so beset by his own countrya country ironically which had only recently reaffirmed that all men were created equalwas because of his Unforgivable Blackness.\"", "precise_score": -9.189483642578125, "rough_score": -6.449264049530029, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Notable counter punchers include Muhammad Ali, Vitali Klitschko, Evander Holyfield, Max Schmeling, Chris Byrd, Jim Corbett, Jack Johnson, Bernard Hopkins, Laszlo Papp, Jerry Quarry, Anselmo Moreno, James Toney, Marvin Hagler, Juan Manuel Márquez, Humberto Soto, Floyd Mayweather, Jr., Roger Mayweather, Pernell Whitaker, Sergio Gabriel Martinez and Guillermo Rigondeaux.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.167075157165527, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The modern boxing stance differs substantially from the typical boxing stances of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The modern stance has a more upright vertical-armed guard, as opposed to the more horizontal, knuckles-facing-forward guard adopted by early 20th century hook users such as Jack Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.895158767700195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The WBHF was founded by Everett L. Sanders in 1980. Since its inception the WBHOF has never had a permanent location or museum, which has allowed the more recent IBHOF to garner more publicity and prestige. Among the notable names in the WBHF are Ricardo \"Finito\" Lopez, Gabriel \"Flash\" Elorde, Michael Carbajal, Khaosai Galaxy, Henry Armstrong, Jack Johnson, Roberto Durán, George Foreman, Ceferino Garcia and Salvador Sanchez. Boxing's International Hall of Fame was inspired by a tribute an American town held for two local heroes in 1982. The town, Canastota, New York, (which is about 15 mi east of Syracuse, via the New York State Thruway), honored former world welterweight/middleweight champion Carmen Basilio and his nephew, former world welterweight champion Billy Backus. The people of Canastota raised money for the tribute which inspired the idea of creating an official, annual hall of fame for notable boxers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.185812950134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The International Boxing Hall of Fame opened in Canastota in 1989. The first inductees in 1990 included Jack Johnson, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Henry Armstrong, Sugar Ray Robinson, Archie Moore, and Muhammad Ali. Other world-class figures include Salvador Sanchez, Jose Napoles, Roberto \"Manos de Piedra\" Durán, Ricardo Lopez, Gabriel \"Flash\" Elorde, Vicente Saldivar, Ismael Laguna, Eusebio Pedroza, Carlos Monzón, Azumah Nelson, Rocky Marciano, Pipino Cuevas and Ken Buchanan. The Hall of Fame's induction ceremony is held every June as part of a four-day event. The fans who come to Canastota for the Induction Weekend are treated to a number of events, including scheduled autograph sessions, boxing exhibitions, a parade featuring past and present inductees, and the induction ceremony itself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.727306365966797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Boxing" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Boxer Jack Johnson was legendary, triumphant -- and despised", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.216437339782715, "source": "search", "title": "CNN.com - 'The best-known black man on Earth' - Dec 21, 2004" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "\"He was a great salesman of himself,\" says Geoffrey C. Ward, author of a new Johnson biography, \"Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson\" (Knopf), in an interview at an Atlanta hotel. \"The press loved him as copy. ... He was a guy who made fun of himself in interviews to sell seats. Plus, in a business run by hardened white men ... Johnson wouldn't put up with [their machinations]. He'd have them long enough to make a contract.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.179694175720215, "source": "search", "title": "CNN.com - 'The best-known black man on Earth' - Dec 21, 2004" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "\"I think he served as the focus of a lot of pre-existing racist thought,\" Ward adds. \"Post-Reconstruction madness was focused right on Jack Johnson. ... He was a living, breathing symbol of something everybody was terrified of.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.126165390014648, "source": "search", "title": "CNN.com - 'The best-known black man on Earth' - Dec 21, 2004" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Johnson wouldn't disagree. \"All his life,\" Ward says, \"when asked, 'Who do you think you are?' Johnson would say: 'I'm Jack Johnson.' \"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.298308372497559, "source": "search", "title": "CNN.com - 'The best-known black man on Earth' - Dec 21, 2004" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Nor do I mean to pretend that there were no sentimentalists among earlier boxing writers. A newspaper columnist, for instance, favorably compares a raucous mid-1950s bout to the unrestrained, bare-knuckle brawls of a heartier age. Back further still, Jack London imagined things were better in the days before Jack Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.694987297058105, "source": "search", "title": "Writers Ringside - The American Interest" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Even Jack Johnson, a fellow black fighter and heavyweight champion, refused to fight him once he became champion. Langford did, however, compete for, and win, the World Colored Heavyweight Championship on five occasions.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.8953046798706055, "source": "search", "title": "The Top 50 Pound-for-Pound Boxers of All Time | Bleacher ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Langford holds victories over Stanley Ketchel at middleweight, and many feel he deserved one when he fought Jack Johnson before he won the world championship. It was a close fight, and Johnson got the nod, but many felt this was the wrong decision.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.132583618164062, "source": "search", "title": "The Top 50 Pound-for-Pound Boxers of All Time | Bleacher ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jack Johnson is an iconic figure for many reasons—not the least of which was his rising to prominence in the sport at a time when African-American boxers were actively kept out.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.216917991638184, "source": "search", "title": "The Top 50 Pound-for-Pound Boxers of All Time | Bleacher ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jack Johnson | American boxer | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.214231491088867, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Johnson | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jack Johnson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.41360855102539, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Johnson | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jack Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.3404541015625, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Johnson | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "In 1920 Johnson surrendered to U.S. marshals; he then served his sentence, fighting in several bouts within the federal prison at Leavenworth , Kan. After his release he fought occasionally and performed in vaudeville and carnival acts, appearing finally with a trained flea act. He wrote two books of memoirs, Mes Combats (in French, 1914) and Jack Johnson in the Ring and Out (1927; reprinted 1975). He died in an automobile accident.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.629166603088379, "source": "search", "title": "Jack Johnson | American boxer | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "* The 1970 film The Great White Hope, based on an earlier play by Howard Sackler, was a fictionalized biopic of Jack Johnson's life. In the film, the hero's name is Jack Jefferson. The African-American actor James Earl Jones was nominated for Best Actor in a leading role at the Academy Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.772793769836426, "source": "search", "title": "esperanza blanca - ProZ.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "* The 1970 film The Great White Hope, based on an earlier play by Howard Sackler, was a fictionalized biopic of Jack Johnson's life. In the film, the hero's name is Jack Jefferson. The African-American actor James Earl Jones was nominated for Best Actor in a leading role at the Academy Awards.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.772793769836426, "source": "search", "title": "esperanza blanca - ProZ.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jack Johnson had to go to Australia to become first black to win heavyweight title.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.136520385742188, "source": "search", "title": "esperanza blanca - ProZ.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Long before there was a Joe Louis -- \"a credit to his race,\" white America said of the black heavyweight champion -- there was Jack Johnson.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.463371753692627, "source": "search", "title": "esperanza blanca - ProZ.com" }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's Bout with Racism | International Documentary Association", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.171473503112793, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's Bout with Racism", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.569010734558105, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's Bout with Racism", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.569010734558105, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The quest for freedom and the restraints of race are opposing themes that resonate in almost all of Ken Burns' films, from The Civil War to Baseball to Jazz. But in his newest work, Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson, a two-part documentary about the first African-American Heavyweight Champion of the World, these forces define a man who not only challenged the status quo, but was ahead of his time in demanding to live his life without any limitations, racial or otherwise.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.271635055541992, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "\"Jack Johnson wished to live his life nothing short of a free man,\" says Burns. \"And that was a dangerous choice for an African-American in the first two decades of the 20th century.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.155014991760254, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Unforgivable Blackness: The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson premieres on PBS on Martin Luther King Day, January 17. Burns' longtime collaborator, Geoffrey C. Ward, wrote the script, and jazz artist Wynton Marsalis composed the scorethe first original score for a Burns film. Johnson's biographer, Randy Roberts, and boxing aficionados Stanley Crouch, Bert Sugar and the late George Plimpton, to whom the film is dedicated, appear in the film along with writer/essayist Gerald Early, who has served as a consultant on many of Burns' films.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.074114799499512, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "\"In my other films I approached race from an aerial point of view and then went down into the specifics,\" Burns notes. \"But with Jack Johnson I had the opportunity to begin at the beginning and move up through the life of an extraordinary human being that reflects an entire age and American consciousness.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.180296897888184, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Jones played Johnson in Howard Sackler's Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Great White Hope, which premiered on Broadway in 1968, and in the 1970 film adaptation. \"We put James Earl Jones in just as we put Hal Holbrook in Mark Twain, without any commentary,\" Burns notes. \"You don't find out until the last five minutes of the film why Jones is in there, other than the fact that he seems to know viscerally who this guy is, just as Hal Holbrook seemed to know viscerally who Mark Twain was.\" Instead, it was a lengthy biographical sketch written by Dave Schaye, a co-producer on Jack Johnson, that inspired Burns to research further.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.588296890258789, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "Ward's research was so thorough and involved that he ended up writing what Burns and Early describe as the definitive book on Johnson's life: Unforgivable Blackness, The Rise and Fall of Jack Johnson, which was published in late October. Both Burns and Ward move beyond the mythology to unearth the real man. Fortunately, Johnson himself was helpful in this endeavor, for he gave many interviews over the course of his career and also wrote an autobiography, although many of his claims are less than truthful. Ward found another, previously unknown autobiography that Johnson wrote during his stay in prison.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.834701538085938, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "\"Jack Johnson's life is such a modern story and the drama is real, not manufactured,\" Burns maintains. \"He was like a media superstar of today, with the big coats, the gold teeth, the 'bling-bling' and the entourage. There are also echoes of O.J. Simpson and Kobe Bryant.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.210542678833008, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "\"A black person in the spotlight needed to uplift the race, but Johnson told people that he wasn't into the uplift business or liberating his race; he just wanted to live his life,\" says Early. \"Jack Johnson was really the first black pop culture star, because his sex life was a real object of interest for people.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.768714904785156, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." }, { "answer": "Jack Johnson", "passage": "The relevance of themes in Johnson's life to those of contemporary America was like coming full circle for Burns. \"We've matured and made extraordinary progress as a country and our films show that, but, as Jack Johnson reminds us, we're still bedeviled and troubled by race,\" he observes. \"As proud as I am of the other films I've made, I don't think we've gotten as deep or pierced race the way we have with Jack Johnson. This is one of the most satisfying productions I've ever worked on.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.875349044799805, "source": "search", "title": "Boxing While Black: Ken Burns Chronicles Jack Johnson's ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Victoria Principal", "passage": "1950 Victoria Principal, American actress (Earthquake, Pamela-Dallas), born in Fukuoka, Japan", "precise_score": -4.339534282684326, "rough_score": -6.96929407119751, "source": "search", "title": "Famous Birthdays on 3rd January | OnThisDay.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (often simply referred to as Laugh-In) is an American sketch comedy television program that ran for 140 episodes from January 22, 1968, to March 12, 1973, on the NBC television network. It was hosted by comedians Dan Rowan and Dick Martin and featured, at various times, Chelsea Brown, Johnny Brown, Ruth Buzzi, Judy Carne, Richard Dawson, Moosie Drier, Henry Gibson, Teresa Graves, Goldie Hawn, Arte Johnson, Larry Hovis, Sarah Kennedy, Jeremy Lloyd, Dave Madden, Pigmeat Markham, Gary Owens, Pamela Rodgers, Barbara Sharma, Jud Strunk, Alan Sues, Lily Tomlin, and Jo Anne Worley.", "precise_score": 4.140324115753174, "rough_score": 6.713429927825928, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Arte Johnson, who created many memorable characters, insisted on star billing, apart from the rest of the cast. The producer mollified him, but had announcer Gary Owens read Johnson's credit as a separate sentence: \"Starring Dan Rowan and Dick Martin! And Arte Johnson! With Ruth Buzzi ...\" This maneuver gave Johnson star billing, but made it sound like he was still part of the ensemble cast. Johnson left the show after the 1970–71 season. NBC aired the pilot for his situation comedy Call Holme, but it never became a series.", "precise_score": -5.185352802276611, "rough_score": -5.6052021980285645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Very interesting ...", "passage": "Johnson is best known for his work on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, an American television series broadcast from 1967 to 1973. He played various characters including \"Wolfgang,\" a smoking World War II German soldier, still fighting the war, who scouted the show from behind a bush. He would then invariably comment on the preceding sketch with the catchphrase \"Very interesting ...\", followed by either a comic observation or misinterpretation, or simply \"but stupid!\" Often toward the show's close, he (as the Nazi) would offer words of affection to 'Lucy and Gary' (Lucille Ball and her second husband, Gary Morton). THE LUCY SHOW was on CBS in direct competition with NBC's LAUGH-IN on Monday night. LAUGH-IN was a full hour show while Lucy was a traditional 30 minute sitcom. Lucy was pretty much the only show that could survive airing opposite LAUGH-IN.", "precise_score": 7.294185638427734, "rough_score": 8.545184135437012, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arte Johnson" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Hosted by Dan Rowan and Dick Martin, this unique variety show was a fast moving barage of jokes, one-liners, running skits, musical numbers as well as making fun of social and political issues of the late 1960's. It was the group of regulars, particularly those from 1968-1970, that made it memorable. Gary Owens, Judy Carne, Arte Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Alan Sues, Goldie Hawn, Chelsea Brown, Henry Gibson and Jo Anne Worley seemed to make the most lasting impressions with viewers. Lily Tomlin joined the cast in 1970 at a point when most of these original regulars were leaving.", "precise_score": -3.348505973815918, "rough_score": -0.443293958902359, "source": "search", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Actually, even though you'd think this was an original idea, the folks who created this updated Olsen & Johnson's HELLAZPOPPIN (film version 1941) Broadway show. The show ran during the height of the Vietnam war & even though it ran pieces protesting the war, it also ran cameos on Nixon & all the famous politics's who were supporting it too. The show is often a bunch of disjointed sketches with the only thing in common the fact that it followed a framework every week. The opening would feature Gary Owens & Morgel the Friendly Drelb and a few sketches. Then Rowan & Martin would come out & do some quickie stand up comedy. Next would be the party where all kinds of characters would show up including the great flesh painted dancing of Judy Carne, Goldie Hawn, Terri Garr & others. After the party, the Laugh-In Dancers & Goldie would blow an introduction to the News. Martin would do the news of the Present, Rowan would do the news of the Future, Alan Sues would do sports with BIG AL & his tinkle, then Rowan would intro a sketch to news of the past. Once this part of the framework was over, a special musical guest would appear (I remember Strawberry Alarm Clock doing TOMORROW in one early episode). Eventually another rotating feature would be put in like THE FICKLE FINGER OF FATE, or Lily Tomlin doing an Operator routine or spoiled girl in giant rocking chair. Then finally we'd get to the joke wall (say Goodnight Dick) where almost anything would get thrown in. The credits would roll with the wall & then the end would be Arte Johnson as the German Soldier (sometimes with help) saying Very Interesting but... enjoyable but dated with the dippy sets now days. Fast paced too", "precise_score": 2.815387487411499, "rough_score": -1.9236983060836792, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Anyone who wasn't around in the late 1960s can't possibly appreciate how popular \"Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In\" was in 1968 and 1969. Everyone watched it and the jokes were endlessly repeated at my school the next morning. The humor touched upon formerly taboo subjects like sex, homosexuality, drugs, pregnancy, infidelity, and just about everything else. The series also had several innovations such as a joke wall, the party sequence, the news of the past, present, and future, and dignified guest stars (such as George Raft, Edward G. Robinson, John Wayne, plus many others) acting like clueless idiots. The show also introduced what became household names, including Judy Carne, Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin, Alan Sues, Arte Johnson, Henry Gibson, and many others. The primary thing that made everything work--in addition to the very funny writing--was the breathtakingly fast editing used. No one had ever done or seen anything like that before.", "precise_score": 2.0927038192749023, "rough_score": 3.872581720352173, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "The 'Sock it to me' girl was Judy Carne.  Other regulars included Ruth Buzzi as the little old lady carrying an umbrella, always whacking the equally decrepit old man who cuddled up beside her on a park bench; Arte Johnson as the German Soldier always peeking out from behind a potted palm; Alan Sues as the grinning idopt of a sports announcer; Lily Tomlin as the sarcastic, nasal telephone operator named Ernestine; Gary Owens as the outrageously over modulated announcer, facing the microphone, hand cupped over ear; Goldie Hawn, as the giggling dumb blonde and Lily Tomlin again as Edith Anne, a child philosopher whose catchphrase was \"and that's the truth\".", "precise_score": -2.9407267570495605, "rough_score": -5.533418655395508, "source": "search", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh In - Web Pan" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Ruth Buzzi, Judy Carne, Henry Gibson, Larry Hovis, Arte Johnson, and Jo Anne Worley appeared in the pilot special from 1967. Only the two hosts, announcer Gary Owens, and Carne, Gibson, and Johnson, were in all 14 episodes of season one. Eileen Brennan, Hovis, and Roddy Maude-Roxby left after the first season.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.049788475036621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "*Season 1 (1968): Eileen Brennan, Judy Carne, Henry Gibson, Goldie Hawn, Larry Hovis, Arte Johnson, Roddy Maude-Roxby, Jo Anne Worley", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.091245651245117, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "*Season 2 (1968–69): Judy Carne, Henry Gibson, Goldie Hawn, Arte Johnson, Jo Anne Worley, Alan Sues, Charlie Brill and Mitzi McCall (\"the Fun Couple\"), Chelsea Brown, Dave Madden, Pigmeat Markham, Dick \"Sweet Brother\" Whittington, Byron Gilliam (uncredited)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.021102905273438, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "*Season 3 (1969–70): Judy Carne, Henry Gibson, Goldie Hawn, Arte Johnson, Jo Anne Worley, Alan Sues, Lily Tomlin, Byron Gilliam, Teresa Graves, Jeremy Lloyd, Pamela Rodgers, Stu Gilliam, Johnny Brown", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.980321884155273, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "*Season 4 (1970–71): Henry Gibson, Arte Johnson, Alan Sues, Lily Tomlin, Johnny Brown, Dennis Allen, Ann Elder, Nancie Phillips, Barbara Sharma, Harvey Jason, Richard Dawson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.929154396057129, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Laugh-In writers included: George Schlatter, Jack Mendelsohn, Lorne Michaels, Phil Hahn, Jim Mulligan, Jack Hanrahan, Gene Farmer, Jim Abell, Bill Richmond, Don Reo, Allan Katz, Jack Wohl, Larry Siegel, John Rappaport, Allan Manings, Jack Margolis, Bob Howard, John Jay Carsey, Richard Goren (also credited as Rowby Greeber and Rowby Goren), Chris Bearde (credited as Chris Beard), Chet Dowling, David Panich, Marc London, Paul Keyes, Dave Cox, Jack Kaplan, Stephen Spears, Hugh Wedlock Jr., Coslough Johnson (Arte Johnson's younger brother), Hart Pomerantz, Barry Took, Digby Wolfe, Jeremy Lloyd.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.904221534729004, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "The musical director for Laugh-In was Ian Bernard. He wrote the opening theme music, plus the infamous \"What's the news across the nation\" number. He also wrote all the musical \"play-ons\" that introduced comedy sketches like Lilly Tomlin's character, Edith Ann, the little girl who sat in a giant rocking chair, and Arte Johnson's old man who always got hit with a purse. He also appeared in many of the cocktail scenes where he directed the band as they stopped and started between jokes. Composer-lyricist Billy Barnes wrote all of the original musical production numbers in the show. Barnes was the creator of the famous Billy Barnes Revues of the 1950s and 1960s, and composed such popular hits as \"(Have I Stayed) Too Long at the Fair\", recorded by Barbra Streisand and the jazz standard \"Something Cool\" recorded by June Christy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.26704216003418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "*[Arte Johnson's characters:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.361867904663086, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "**Gladys Ormphby – A drab, though relatively young spinster, she is the eternal target of Arte Johnson's Tyrone; when Johnson left the series, Gladys retreated into recurring daydreams, often involving marriages to historical figures, including Christopher Columbus and Benjamin Franklin (both played by Alan Sues). She typically hit people repeatedly with her purse. The character was recreated, along with Tyrone, in Baggy Pants and the Nitwits. Buzzi also performed as Gladys on Sesame Street and The Dean Martin Show, most notably in the Celebrity Roasts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.083063125610352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "**Mrs. Robot in \"Robot Theater\" – A female companion to Arte Johnson's \"Mr. Robot\", both are equally inept and a satire of Shields and Yarnell (popular mimes of the period) who performed a routine as a robotic couple called \"The Clinkers\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.19276237487793, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "**The talking Judy Doll, she is usually played with by Arte Johnson, who never heeded her warning: \"Touch my little body, and I hit you!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.229207992553711, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "In 1969, Sears, Roebuck and Company produced a 15-minute short, Freeze-In, which starred series regulars Judy Carne and Arte Johnson. Made to capitalize on the popularity of the series, the short was made for Sears salesmen to introduce the new Kenmore freezer campaign. A dancing, bikini-clad Carne provided the opening titles with tattoos on her body. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.209506034851074, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "**1969: Special Classification Achievements – Individuals (Variety Performances), Arte Johnson", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.36898422241211, "source": "wiki", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "The cast during the second season (1968-69) note From top to bottom, starting from the left — First column: Dave Madden. Second column: Larry Hovis, Chelsea Brown, Judy Carne. Third column: Goldie Hawn, Henry Gibson, Dan Rowan. Fourth column: Arte Johnson, Ruth Buzzi, Dick Martin. Fifth column: Alan Sues, Jo Anne Worley. Not pictured: Gary Owens.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.115962028503418, "source": "search", "title": "Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In (Series) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "The show is best known today for the future stars whose careers it launched — Goldie Hawn, Lily Tomlin , Tiny Tim , Henry Gibson, Ruth Buzzi, Arte Johnson, Pat Paulson, and Jo Anne Worley among others — and the incredible comic moments it managed to pull off (such as then-presidential-candidate Richard Nixon asking America to \"sock it to him\"). But until the birth of Saturday Night Live several years later, Laugh-In was the touchstone of modern American humor. (SNL emulated it, in some ways — unsurprisingly, because many Laugh-In writers later worked on SNL, including the later show's creator and executive producer, Lorne Michaels .) It was possibly the single largest source of Running Gags , Catch Phrases and other pop culture contributions during the middle of the 20th century, and developed during its surprisingly brief run an utterly unique and frenetically subversive style that carried them directly into the subconscious of the viewer. Because of its wild and unpredictable yet intelligent style, it was also often very successful at getting surprisingly risque material (for the era) on the air — usually by setting up apparently-innocent situations where the viewer's mind would fill in the blanks with suitably dirty punchlines and speculations of their own.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.981063842773438, "source": "search", "title": "Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In (Series) - TV Tropes" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Gary Owens was the announcer, Judy Carne was the \"Sock it to Me\" girl, Arte Johnson frequently portrayed the German soldier who spouted \"very interesting\" or the dirty old man that would annoy the frumpy Gladys played by Ruth Buzzi. Goldie Hawn was the blonde dingbat and Chelsea Brown was the only black female who was later replaced by Teresa Graves. Henry Gibson usually recited poetry and Jo Anne Worley usually was seen singing with her loud voice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.013491630554199, "source": "search", "title": "Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "This show was to the 1960's what Your Show of Shows was to the 50's, Saturday Night Live was to the 70's and in Living Color was to the 90's. It was a breeding ground for some of the finest comic talent of the last nearly 40 years. The catchphrases, the schtick and, most of all, the joke wall were all vital parts of this show. And look at all the alumni. Goldie Hawn, Arte Johnson, Lily Tomlin, Henry Gibson et. al have all gone on to bigger and better things. In fact, Goldie Hawn parlayed her Laugh-In stardom into an Oscar for the Cactus Flower. Unfortunately, the show couldn't hold onto its best talent and eventually it faded in its final couple of years. However, this show will still be remembered for being a wonderful breeding ground.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.91709041595459, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "My personal favorite was Arte Johnson. Anything he did made me laugh like a banshee. And Henry Gibson's poetry was a close second. But there were no duds at all in this show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.325959205627441, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Artie Johnson", "passage": "This was series that was innovative for its time and would become the forerunner of other great shows to follow it. The reason? The lightning fast-paced took full advantage of the technical capabilities of television and videotape. Blackouts,sketches,one-liners,and cameo appearances by famous show-business celebrities and even national politicians were edited into a frenetic whole. The regular cast was large and the turnover high,and the 40 regulars who appeared in the series only four were with it from the beginning to the end--the two hosts(Dan Rowan and Dick Martin),announcer(Gary Owens),and cast regular Ruth Buzzi. This show was a springboard for some of the greatest cast regular who would go on to bigger and better things after their stint on \"Laugh-In\". Stars like Goldie Hawn,Artie Johnson,Henry Gibson,Ruth Buzzi,along with Joanne Worley,Judy Carne,Larry Hovis,Teresa Graves, Alan Sues,Dave Madden,Richard Dawson,Lily Tomlin,and even Willie Tyler and Lester were some of the stars who made their mark on this show just to name a few and so much more. The essence of \"Laugh-In\" was basically shtick,a comic routine or trademark repeated over and over until it was closely associated with a performer. People love it come to expect it,and it was the talk around the water cooler the next morning after the show.All of the great comedians had at least one,but what was remarkable about \"Laugh-In\" was that it developed a whole repertoire of sight gags and catchphrases that became famous and to this day they are still being used which are considered these days..comedy classics. Phrases like \"Look that up in your Funk and Wagnalls\",\"Very Interesting\",\"You Bet Your Sweet Bibby\",\"Sock It To Me?\",not to mention \"Beautiful Downtown Burbank\",and \"Here Comes The Judge!\" are nowadays considered useful in terms,but in all aspects this is what made that show brilliant in every aspect and detail. Some of the devices of the show were the fast-paced Cocktail Party,Letters To Laugh-In, The Flying Fickle Finger Of Fate,It's A Mod-Mod World,Laugh-In Looks At The News(of the past,present and future),Hollywood News With Ruth Buzzi,the gags written on the undulating body of a girl in a bikini (which consists of either Goldie Hawn,Judy Carne,Joanne Worley,or Teresa Graves-in a bikini),and not to mention the joke wall at the end of each show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.706469535827637, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Artie Johnson", "passage": "Among the favorites:Artie Johnson as the German soldier; Ruth Buzzi as the little old lady with an umbrella,forever whacking the equally decrepit old man who get close to her sitting on a park bench; Lily Tomlin as the saracastic,nasal telephone operator; Gary Owens as the outrageously overmodeled announcer; Alan Sues as the grinning moron of a sports announcer; Goldie Hawn as the giggling dumb blonde not to mention Teresa Graves as the soulful go-go mod dancer. The pace was funny but it never let up and it kept going until the end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.993024826049805, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "This program featured cutting edge editing and was produced by GEORGE SCHLATTER (a legend in the comedy field). The editing was quick. A good example would be the part of the show where the hosts would walk into the room where the \"party\" was going on...they'd quick cut to a few characters then off to ARTE JOHNSON in a german helmet. Prior to this show, this type of quick editing was impossible. I believe the show used cutting edge editing equip...I think they were AMPEX machines, I'm not for sure...I do know that the humor on this show is dated, but the production values made it a first.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.876291275024414, "source": "search", "title": "\"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\" Reviews & Ratings - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Arte Johnson - Very interesting - YouTube.flv - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.558405876159668, "source": "search", "title": "Arte Johnson - Very interesting - YouTube.flv" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Arte Johnson - Very interesting - YouTube.flv", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.531322479248047, "source": "search", "title": "Arte Johnson - Very interesting - YouTube.flv" }, { "answer": "Arte Johnson", "passage": "Arte Johnson's as Wolfgang the German classic \"Very Interesting\" from \"Laugh In\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.174415588378906, "source": "search", "title": "Arte Johnson - Very interesting - YouTube.flv" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Revisiting Bob Seger's Only No. 1 Hit, 'Shakedown'", "precise_score": 5.568864822387695, "rough_score": 5.85099983215332, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Glenn Frey had a No. 2 hit with “The Heat Is On” from the first movie. But Bob Seger, who hadn’t had a Top 10 song since “Shame on the Moon” climbed to No. 2 in 1982, did him one better with “Shakedown.” (Reportedly, Frey was supposed to sing the follow-up too, but in a turn of events, Seger ended up with the song.) Remarkably, it was Seger’s only chart-topper after nearly three dozen charting singles.", "precise_score": 7.876840114593506, "rough_score": 5.746841907501221, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "“Shakedown” was written by Bob Seger, Harold Faltermeyer (who hit No. 3 with the instrumental “Axel F” from the first movie) and Keith Forsey, who produced the song (as well as other tracks on the Beverly Hills Cop II soundtrack). And it sounded nothing like the meat-and-potatoes heartland rock that Seger’s fans were used to. In fact, with its heavy use of synthesizers and dance beat that aims for both the Top 40 and club floors, the song is one of the worst of Seger’s long career.", "precise_score": 4.820059776306152, "rough_score": 0.19372126460075378, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "So, “Shakedown” was the temporary shot in the arm that Seger needed. But it was temporary. After staying at the top of the chart for one week in August 1987, the song slowly slipped from the upper reaches of the Top 40 – and so did Bob Seger. In the 26 years since it reached No. 1, Seger has had only one other charting single, 1991’s “The Real Love,” which stalled at No. 24.", "precise_score": 5.310066223144531, "rough_score": 4.7486572265625, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "\"Shakedown\" is a song recorded by Bob Seger, from the soundtrack of the film Beverly Hills Cop II. The music was written by Harold Faltermeyer, who also wrote the score for the film, and Keith Forsey, with lyrics by Seger. The song became a number-one hit on the Billboard Hot 100, Seger's only such top mark singles-wise, as well as the Album Rock Tracks chart, where it became his second number-one hit, spending four weeks at the top. In Canada, it went to number one as well, topping the RPM 100 national singles chart on August 1 of the same year. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.2249979972839355, "source": "wiki", "title": "Shakedown (Bob Seger song)" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "It took two decades, Eddie Murphy and a five-year break from the Top 10 for Bob Seger to score his first, and only, No. 1 hit. On top of all that, after recording for the same company for 20 years, that hit single was on a different label – a one-off song cut for a soundtrack album.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.595730781555176, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "But he needed the boost. After breaking out with Night Moves in 1976, Seger was on a roll, logging six Top 10 songs in six years, plus a No. 1 album. In the mid ’80s, with MTV dominating the charts, Bob Seger’s brand of gutsy rock ‘n’ roll – splashed with some old-school R&B and even a bit of Detroit-style garage rock – was falling out of favor with mainstream fans. Seger’s two singles preceding “Shakedown” didn’t even reach the Top 50.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8187285661697388, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "See Bob Seger and Other Rockers in the Top 100 Albums of the ’70s", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.403033256530762, "source": "search", "title": "28 Years Ago: Bob Seger Scores His Only No. 1 Hit With an ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "6.  Bob Seger - \"Shakedown\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.0941877365112305, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Least Worthy No. 1 Hits of the '80s - '80s Music" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Back to the movies again, this time for Bob Seger 's only single of the '80s that succumbed negatively to the decade's worst musical impulses. Not even fine singing from the Detroit rocker and singer-songwriter can save this heavily orchestrated track from sounding like throwaway material. Even knowing of this song's association with the film franchise doesn't explain how a piece in shambles like this could make it all the way to No. 1 when it retained none of Seger's strengths: strong storytelling, wistful emotion and rugged wisdom. The tune's cinematic connection may explain the idiocy of the lyrical refrain \"Shakedown, breakdown, you're busted,\" but that rationalization doesn't salvage the weak songwriting here. More »", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8723254203796387, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Least Worthy No. 1 Hits of the '80s - '80s Music" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Top 10 Bob Seger Songs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.578084945678711, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Bob Seger Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Top 10 Bob Seger Songs", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.578084945678711, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Bob Seger Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Bob Seger ‘s career trajectory nearly mirrors Bruce Springsteen ‘s, his main competition in the late-’70s for the heartland-rock audience. Both singer-songwriters started in the late-’60s in garage bands that made their livings, and local reputations, in bars. Both grew up on ’60s soul, which they incorporated into their own music. And both were given time by their record companies to develop into major artists. But Seger charted first (‘Ramblin’ Gamblin’ Man’ reached No. 17 in 1968) and has a No. 1 hit (the terrible ‘Shakedown’ from 1987’s ‘Beverly Hills Cop II’). Springsteen never got higher than No. 2. We’re not saying we’d choose Seger over Springsteen, but his best tracks hold up against the Boss’. Here are our Top 10 Bob Seger Songs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4982352256774902, "source": "search", "title": "Top 10 Bob Seger Songs - Ultimate Classic Rock" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Bob Seger - Shakedown (extended version) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.424222946166992, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Seger - Shakedown (extended version) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Bob Seger - Shakedown (extended version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.589225769042969, "source": "search", "title": "Bob Seger - Shakedown (extended version) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "\"Shakedown,\" \"Night Moves\" and More: Bob Seger's 70th Birthday : Buzz : Music Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.276312828063965, "source": "search", "title": "\"Shakedown,\" \"Night Moves\" and More: Bob Seger's 70th ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Bob Seger (Photo : Clay McBride)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.396610260009766, "source": "search", "title": "\"Shakedown,\" \"Night Moves\" and More: Bob Seger's 70th ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "Bob Seger turned 70 years-old today, May 6, and the leader of the Silver Bullet Band has had more than his handful of hits over the years after spending nearly five decades in the music business. Music Times celebrates his rock 'n' roll legacy by looking at his biggest hits across each decade of Seger's career, from \"Shakedown\" to \"Night Moves.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.3139472007751465, "source": "search", "title": "\"Shakedown,\" \"Night Moves\" and More: Bob Seger's 70th ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Seger", "passage": "The world of early rock 'n' roll is filled with bands that managed to put out one smash single and never found any success once they began recording full albums. Such was not the case for Bob Seger. The frontman/guitarist began recording singles as early as 1961 (with \"The Lonely One\") but nothing ever found any radio traction until \"Heavy Music,\" his eighth single, during 1967. He wouldn't release his first album until the next year. Although first single \"2 + 2 = ?\" failed to chart, the title track from the album would be the breakthrough he needed, rising to no. 17 on the singles charts. It would remain his top-charting single for six years, until the release of the more famous \"Night Moves\" during 1974. Seger hadn't brought the Silver Bullet Band together yet, recording Ramblin' Gamblin' Man with a group named The Bob Seger System (part of us thinks that's a better name actually). Fans won't be able to hear the difference however.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.867823600769043, "source": "search", "title": "\"Shakedown,\" \"Night Moves\" and More: Bob Seger's 70th ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "13", "passage": "Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer. He is best known for his series of 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado. His works comprise 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous hymns and other church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces. The best known of his hymns and songs include \"Onward Christian Soldiers\" and \"The Lost Chord\".", "precise_score": 3.950305700302124, "rough_score": 1.886596918106079, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arthur Sullivan" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "In composing the Savoy operas, Sullivan wrote the vocal lines of the musical numbers first, and these were given to the actors. He, or an assistant, improvised a piano accompaniment at the early rehearsals; he wrote the orchestrations later, after he had seen what Gilbert's stage business would be. He left the overtures until last and often delegated their composition, based on his outlines, to his assistants, often adding his suggestions or corrections.Hughes, p. 130 Those Sullivan wrote himself include Thespis, Iolanthe, Princess Ida, The Yeomen of the Guard, The Gondoliers, The Grand Duke and probably Utopia Limited. Most of the overtures are structured as a potpourri of tunes from the operas in three sections: fast, slow and fast. Those for Iolanthe and The Yeomen of the Guard are written in a modified sonata form. The overtures from the Gilbert and Sullivan operas remain popular, and there are many recordings of them. Sullivan invariably conducted the operas on their opening nights. ", "precise_score": 1.0734655857086182, "rough_score": 5.034357070922852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arthur Sullivan" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "In 1882, Gilbert had a telephone installed in his home and at the prompt desk at the Savoy Theatre so that he could monitor performances and rehearsals from his home study. Gilbert had referred to the new technology in Pinafore in 1878, only two years after the device was invented and before London even had telephone service. Sullivan had one installed as well, and on 13 May 1883, at a party to celebrate the composer's 41st birthday, the guests, including the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII ), heard a direct relay of parts of Iolanthe from the Savoy. This was probably the first live \"broadcast\" of an opera. [43]", "precise_score": -2.6849842071533203, "rough_score": 2.9244272708892822, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert and Sullivan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "thirteen", "passage": "Every one knows the examination paper C. S. Calverley drew up on \"Pickwick.\" It is not bad fun to compose one on the Gilbert and Sullivan operas. For example, how many people know that J. L. Toole and W. S. Penley were predecessors of George Grossmith in these works, or could give the alternative title of the thirteen operas which have alternative titles, or define a Statutory Duel and establish its connection with a cardiac affection? I leave the development of the idea to my readers, and content myself with throwing out the hint to Literary Societies, Family Circles, and all who enjoy this particular type of jeu d'esprit, and to all who truly love their Gilbert and Sullivan.", "precise_score": 3.3707196712493896, "rough_score": 2.5651116371154785, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert & Sullivan Opera - gilbertandsullivanarchive.org" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "In all, Sullivan's artistic output included 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral works and oratorios, two ballets, one song cycle, incidental music to several plays, numerous hymns and other church pieces, and a large body of songs, parlour ballads, part songs, carols, and piano and chamber pieces. Sullivan's operas have often been adapted, first in the 19th century as dance pieces and in foreign adaptations of the operas themselves. Since then, his music has been made into ballets (Pineapple Poll (1951) and Pirates of Penzance - The Ballet! (1991)) and musicals (The Swing Mikado (1938), The Hot Mikado (1939) and Hot Mikado (1986), Hollywood Pinafore (1945), The Black Mikado (1975), etc.). His operas are not only frequently performed, but also frequently parodied, pastiched, quoted and imitated in comedy routines, advertising, law, film, television, and other popular media. His legacy, apart from writing the Savoy operas and his other works, is felt perhaps most strongly today through his influence on the American and British musical theatre. The innovations in content and form of the works that he and Gilbert developed directly influenced the development of the modern musical throughout the 20th century.Downs, Peter. [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/1147907091.html?dids", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.19098153710365295, "source": "wiki", "title": "Arthur Sullivan" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "The resulting thirty five minute musical eclipsed La Perichole and became the talk of London. Trial By Jury (1875 - 131) was a delicious spoof of a breach of promise trial, a now-forgotten procedure where a man could be sued by a woman for withdrawing a proposal of marriage. In the show, the defendant is a roguish playboy, the pretty plaintiff (wearing her wedding dress) flirts shamelessly with the all-male jury, and an amoral judge shamelessly resolves the case by marrying the girl himself. Trial By Jury established several comic themes that would run through most of Gilbert and Sullivan's shows –", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.577927589416504, "source": "search", "title": "G&S101: The Gilbert & Sullivan Story I - Musicals" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Sullivan was born in London on 13 May 1842. His father was a military bandmaster, and by the time Arthur had reached the age of 8, he was proficient with all the instruments in the band. In school he began to compose anthems and songs. In 1856, he received the first Mendelssohn Prize and studied at the Royal Academy of Music and at Leipzig , where he also took up conducting . His graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a suite of incidental music to Shakespeare's The Tempest . Revised and expanded, it was performed at the Crystal Palace in 1862 and was an immediate sensation. He began building a reputation as England's most promising young composer, composing a symphony, a concerto, and several overtures, among them the Overture di Ballo , in 1870. [13]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.1790690422058105, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert and Sullivan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "In the 1920s, the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company commissioned its musical director at the time, Geoffrey Toye , to write new overtures for Ruddigore and The Pirates of Penzance. Toye's Ruddigore overture entered the general repertory, and today is more often heard than the original overture by Clarke. [112] Toye's Pirates overture, however, did not last long and is now presumed lost. [113] Sir Malcolm Sargent devised a new ending for the overture to The Gondoliers, adding the \"cachucha\" from the second act of the opera. This gave the Gondoliers overture the familiar fast-slow-fast pattern of most of the rest of the Savoy Opera overtures, and this version has competed for popularity with Sullivan's original version.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.397132873535156, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert and Sullivan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Trial By Jury: Royalty Theatre, 25 March 1875, 131 performances.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.124871253967285, "source": "search", "title": "A Comprehensive Gilbert and Sullivan page at Boise State ..." }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Item Description: 2013. Book Condition: New. ***This is the EBook version (.pdf format) of the 1914 edition. Scanned from the original book !!** You will be receiving the text of this book via download. An email will be sent shortly to your email address containing the download instructions. Refund requests for 'Buyer does not want item' after an ebook has been received will not be accepted. Bookseller Inventory # 669299", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.510333061218262, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "ISBN 10: 0903443104 ISBN 13: 9780903443104", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.384411811828613, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "More Information About This Seller | Ask Bookseller a Question 13.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.496010780334473, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Item Description: 2016. Softcover. Book Condition: New. 561 Lang:- eng, Pages 561, Print on Demand. Reprinted in 2016 with the help of original edition published long back[1970]. This book is Printed in black & white, sewing binding for longer life with Matt laminated multi-Colour Soft Cover {HARDCOVER EDITION IS ALSO AVAILABLE}, Printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, there may be some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. (Customisation is possible). Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions. Language: eng. Bookseller Inventory # PB1111005017134", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.266932487487793, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Item Description: Forgotten Books, United States, 2015. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 229 x 152 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****.Excerpt from Gilbert and Sullivan: And Their Operas; With Recollections and Anecdotes of Doyly Carte Other Famous Savoyards About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. Bookseller Inventory # AAV9781331986317", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2472000122070312, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Item Description: 2016. Hardcover. Book Condition: New. 561 Lang:- eng, Pages 561, Print on Demand. Reprinted in 2016 with the help of original edition published long back[1970]. This book is in black & white, Hardcover, sewing binding for longer life with Matt laminated multi-Colour Dust Cover, Printed on high quality Paper, re-sized as per Current standards, professionally processed without changing its contents. As these are old books, there may be some pages which are blur or missing or black spots. If it is multi volume set, then it is only single volume. We expect that you will understand our compulsion in these books. We found this book important for the readers who want to know more about our old treasure so we brought it back to the shelves. (Customisation is possible). Hope you will like it and give your comments and suggestions. Language: eng. Bookseller Inventory # 1111005017134", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.256437301635742, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" }, { "answer": "13", "passage": "Item Description: Forgotten Books, United States, 2015. Paperback. Book Condition: New. 229 x 152 mm. Language: English . Brand New Book ***** Print on Demand *****. Excerpt from Gilbert and Sullivan: And Their Operas; With Recollections and Anecdotes of Doyly Carte Other Famous Savoyards About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. Bookseller Inventory # AAV9781331986317", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2472000122070312, "source": "search", "title": "Gilbert Sullivan Their Operas - AbeBooks" } ]

[ { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. - Bob Hope - BrainyQuote", "precise_score": 7.6554460525512695, "rough_score": 7.691175937652588, "source": "search", "title": "Middle age is when your age starts to show around your ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. - Bob Hope", "precise_score": 7.649471282958984, "rough_score": 7.769560813903809, "source": "search", "title": "Famous Quotes for Turning 40 - YourDictionary" }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Find on Amazon: Bob Hope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.347210884094238, "source": "search", "title": "Middle age is when your age starts to show around your ..." }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Bob Hope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255949020385742, "source": "search", "title": "Middle Age Quotes, Quotes about Middle Age, Sayings" }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Bob Hope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255949020385742, "source": "search", "title": "Middle Age Quotes, Quotes about Middle Age, Sayings" }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Bob Hope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.255949020385742, "source": "search", "title": "Middle Age Quotes, Quotes about Middle Age, Sayings" }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle. ~Bob Hope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 7.60378885269165, "source": "search", "title": "Age Quotes, Sayings about Aging, Quotations about Youth" }, { "answer": "Bob Hope", "passage": "Middle age is when you still believe you'll feel better in the morning. - Bob Hope", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.019912242889404, "source": "search", "title": "Famous Quotes for Turning 40 - YourDictionary" } ]

[ { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "\" Greta Garbo \" (1954), p. 79", "precise_score": -8.170198440551758, "rough_score": -10.06307601928711, "source": "search", "title": "Kenneth Tynan - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo--\"What, when drunk, one sees in other women, one sees in Garbo sober.\"", "precise_score": 4.1490092277526855, "rough_score": 7.024275302886963, "source": "search", "title": "Critic Kenneth Tynan Has Mellowed But Is Still England's ..." }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Screen Secrets: Greta Garbo Breaks her Silence (1928)", "precise_score": -9.058342933654785, "rough_score": -9.492951393127441, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.351052284240723, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.366096496582031, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo ( September 18 , 1905 – April 15 , 1990 ), born Greta Lovisa Gustafsson, was a Swedish born actress and Hollywood icon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186431884765625, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "About Greta Garbo[ edit ]", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.096792221069336, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Andre Sennwald, in The New York Times (1934), as quoted in The Films of Greta Garbo (1963) by Michael Conway, Dion McGregor and Mark Ricci, p. 126", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75424861907959, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo - Wikiquote" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.007597923278809, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.007597923278809, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "Greta Garbo, the enigmatic and elusive star of some of Hollywood's most memorable romantic movies of the 1930's and a 50-year focus of curiosity and myth, died yesterday at New York Hospital in Manhattan. She was 84 years old.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.958142280578613, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies" }, { "answer": "Greta Lovisa Gustafsson", "passage": "Greta Lovisa Gustafsson was born in Stockholm on Sept. 18, 1905, the daughter of Karl Alfred and Anna Lovisa Gustafsson. Her father was an unskilled laborer of peasant stock who was often out of work.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.168004035949707, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies" }, { "answer": "Greta Garbo", "passage": "These are Greta Garbo's most important films. Her first talkie was ''Anna Christie.''", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.892555236816406, "source": "search", "title": "Greta Garbo, 84, Screen Icon Who Fled Her Stardom, Dies" } ]

[ { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": "\"Will You Be There\" is a song by Michael Jackson which was released in 1993. The song is the eighth single from the 1991 album Dangerous. The song also appeared on the soundtrack to the film Free Willy, of which it is the main theme.", "precise_score": 7.278051376342773, "rough_score": 4.413726806640625, "source": "wiki", "title": "Will You Be There" }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": "Will You Be There is a single from the Dangerous album. Recorded in 1991 and later released as a single in 1993. It is featured on the Free Willy motion picture and its soundtrack album. Michael Jackson also contributed a song to the sequel ( Childhood ).", "precise_score": 6.014364242553711, "rough_score": 2.615572214126587, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Jackson — Will You Be There — Listen, watch ..." }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": "A music video was made for the song. It included Jackson performing the song during his Dangerous World Tour and footage from Free Willy. Another video mixing footage of Jackson's performance of the song on tour and on MTV's 10th anniversary was included on the DVD releases, Dangerous: The Short Films and Michael Jackson's Vision; the latter release includes alternate shots of the audience near the end.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.069653034210205, "source": "wiki", "title": "Will You Be There" }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": "WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8267956376075745, "source": "search", "title": "WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": "WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.8878676295280457, "source": "search", "title": "WILL YOU BE THERE-MICHAEL JACKSON(FREE WILLY) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": " 1995 Free Willy 2: The Adventure Home (performer: \"Childhood (Theme from 'Free Willy 2')\") / (producer: \"Childhood (Theme from 'Free Willy 2')\") / (writer: \"Childhood (Theme from 'Free Willy 2')\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.176968574523926, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Jackson - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": " 1995 Michael Jackson's Scream: HIStory in the Making - An MTV News Special (TV Short documentary) (performer: \"P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)\", \"Come Together\", \"Thriller\", \"Billie Jean\", \"Rock with You\", \"Beat It\", \"Childhood (Theme From 'Free Willy 2')\", \"Scream\" - uncredited)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.3969378471374512, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Jackson - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Free Willy", "passage": " 1993 Free Willy (performer: \"Will You Be There\") / (producer: \"Will You Be There\") / (writer: \"Will You Be There\")", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.366737365722656, "source": "search", "title": "Michael Jackson - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy Faith - YouTube", "precise_score": 7.9041972160339355, "rough_score": 6.82905387878418, "source": "search", "title": "BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy Faith", "precise_score": 8.146224975585938, "rough_score": 7.179214000701904, "source": "search", "title": "BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "3.\"The Theme From 'A Summer Place'\" - Percy Faith And His Orchestra  ", "precise_score": 1.7253986597061157, "rough_score": 2.327770233154297, "source": "search", "title": "1960s Hot 100: Top 20 Billboard Hits | Billboard" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith - Theme From A Summer Place", "precise_score": 0.6672819256782532, "rough_score": 1.3747872114181519, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith & His Orchestra - The Theme From \"A Summer Place\" (1960)", "precise_score": 3.635627269744873, "rough_score": 3.0429458618164062, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Nine consecutive weeks at #1 in 1960, The Theme From \"A Summer Place\" by Percy Faith and His Orchestra still holds the record as the longest-running ...", "precise_score": 4.465794086456299, "rough_score": 4.199320316314697, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme from a Summer place came from a 1959 film \"A summer Place\" The Instrumental was made famous by Percy Faith who's version spent an at-the-time ...", "precise_score": 4.419341564178467, "rough_score": 5.3699259757995605, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "theme from a summer place - percy faith and his orchestra", "precise_score": 2.464567184448242, "rough_score": 1.328762412071228, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith - Theme From a Summer Place", "precise_score": 0.6672819256782532, "rough_score": 1.3747872114181519, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Following its initial film appearance, the theme has been recorded by many artists in both instrumental and vocal versions, and has also appeared in a number of subsequent films and television programs. The best-known cover version of the theme is an instrumental version by Percy Faith and his orchestra that was a Number One hit for nine weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1960.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.426814079284668, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith version", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.401217460632324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the theme, an instrumental orchestral arrangement, at the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City, It was released in September 1959 as a single on Columbia Records, credited to \"Percy Faith and his Orchestra\", prior to the November 1959 release of the film A Summer Place.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.05283715948462486, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "\"Theme from A Summer Place\" has been covered by a number of artists in addition to Percy Faith, in both non-vocal instrumental versions, and with one or more vocalists either singing the Discant lyrics or a wordless melody line. The theme has also been referenced, sampled, or otherwise adapted into several other songs.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.24683573842048645, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "* In 1988, American bandleader Ray Conniff recorded an orchestral arrangement (subtitled \"A Tribute to Percy Faith\"), with a vocal chorale wordlessly singing the melody line, for his 1988 album Always In My Heart.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.897814750671387, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "* National Lampoon's Animal House (1978) uses the Percy Faith version during the toga party scene, although the song does not appear on the soundtrack album.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.086241722106934, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "* Dark Shadows (2012) uses the Percy Faith version in the scene where the character \"Angelique\" is first seen driving a car. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.409482955932617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Theme from A Summer Place" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the tune in the Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City, which spent an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at #1 on the still-young Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in early 1960. It remains the longest-running #1 instrumental in the history of the chart. Billboard ranked Faith's version as the No. 1 song for 1960.[3] It reached #2 in the UK. It hit #1 in Italy under the title \"Scandalo Al Sole\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.677118301391602, "source": "search", "title": "BT 100 1960 No 1 - Theme From a Summer Place by Percy ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.05184142664074898, "source": "search", "title": "Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2604879140853882, "source": "search", "title": "Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the tune, which spent an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at number one on the still-young Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in early 1960[", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.789920806884766, "source": "search", "title": "Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version) - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme from a Summer Place (Remastered) - Single by Percy Faith on Apple Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.497428059577942, "source": "search", "title": "Theme from a Summer Place (Remastered) - Single - Apple" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith was one of the most popular easy listening recording artists of the '50s and '60s. Not only did he have a number of hit albums and singles under his own name, but Faith was responsible for arranging hits by Tony Bennett, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, and Burl Ives, among others, as the musical director for Columbia Records in the '50s. Born and raised in Toronto, Canada, Faith was a child piano prodigy, giving his first recital at Massey Hall at the age of 15 and playing various movie theaters,...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.235838890075684, "source": "search", "title": "Theme from a Summer Place (Remastered) - Single - Apple" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Top Albums and Songs by Percy Faith", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.450394630432129, "source": "search", "title": "Theme from a Summer Place (Remastered) - Single - Apple" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "But all of that had to have a beginning, and it was one song in particular that started it all (and surprisingly, it wasn’t one by The Beatles). I was in the middle of five going on six when Percy Faith and his orchestra sealed the deal with his insanely popular instrumental, Theme from A Summer Place . I heard this tune at home or coming from friend’s houses in the neighborhood, while it played from AM radio sets and/or 45 rpm record players throughout the early part of 1960. It’s been stuck in my head ever since.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8383649587631226, "source": "search", "title": "The Ever Popular Old Song: Theme from A Summer Place | It ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "I’m sure later generations down the line consider it merely in the category of elevator Muzak . And they’d miss one of the great melodies and tracks from an earlier era which influenced a good many composers and film scores that followed. Though its source motion picture is far from a classic, this theme does rise to that level, I think. Because of that, many have covered the song through the years (right up in this century), with Percy Faith’s version still being the most popular. And it’s here the song shows how versatile Steiner’s refrain has remained through subsequent iterations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.25356388092041, "source": "search", "title": "The Ever Popular Old Song: Theme from A Summer Place | It ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Though he didn’t compose the theme, Percy Faith’s swing era-honed skills provided the track a fine arrangement of strings and brass (especially those french horns) that made it memorable and more than a little heartfelt. The orchestrator even re-visited his own work with his  ’76 disco version  before his death. Even so, his chart-topping version was not used in the movie — that was performed by Hugo Winterbalter’s orchestra. I also believe it served as a touchstone of sorts for those who came through that sweet sounding archway between eras. Theme from A Summer Place carried the conventional vestiges from the ’50s into the revolutionary (social, political, and musical) upheaval that would arrive with the new decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.649251937866211, "source": "search", "title": "The Ever Popular Old Song: Theme from A Summer Place | It ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme From A Summer Place by Percy Faith Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.28210893273353577, "source": "search", "title": "Theme From A Summer Place by Percy Faith Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme From A Summer Place by Percy Faith Songfacts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.28210893273353577, "source": "search", "title": "Theme From A Summer Place by Percy Faith Songfacts" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits by Percy Faith and His Orchestra on Apple Music", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.012540817260742, "source": "search", "title": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits by Percy Faith and His ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits is a midline-priced collection that highlights some of Percy Faith's best-known and most popular performances for Columbia Records, including \"Theme From a Summer Place\" \"Swedish Rhapsody,\" \"Delicado,\" and \"They Can't Take That Away From Me.\" A handful of the songs from 16 Most Requested Songs are replicated here, but tunes like \"Love Theme From Romeo and Juliet,\" \"Baubles, Bangles and Beads,\" and \"Song From Moulin Rouge (Where Is Your Heart?)\" are strikingly absent. It's far from a perfect retrospective of Faith's career, but Percy Faith's Greatest Hits is still a nice sampler of familiar items, and it may satisfy the needs of some casual fans who only want (some of) the hits.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7532262802124023, "source": "search", "title": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits by Percy Faith and His ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "percy Faith's Greatest Hits", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.500043869018555, "source": "search", "title": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits by Percy Faith and His ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith was one of the most popular easy listening recording artists of the '50s and '60s. Not only did he have a number of hit albums and singles under his own name, but Faith was responsible for arranging hits by Tony Bennett, Doris Day, Johnny Mathis, and Burl Ives, among others, as the musical director for Columbia Records in the '50s. Born and raised in Toronto, Canada, Faith was a child piano prodigy, giving his first recital at Massey Hall at the age of 15 and playing various movie theaters,...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.235838890075684, "source": "search", "title": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits by Percy Faith and His ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Top Albums and Songs by Percy Faith and His Orchestra", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.381027221679688, "source": "search", "title": "Percy Faith's Greatest Hits by Percy Faith and His ..." }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme from a summer place (Percy Faith version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2604879140853882, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith recorded the most popular version of the tune, which spent an at-the-time record of nine consecutive weeks at number one on the still-young ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.157890319824219, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith & His Orchestra - A summer place theme (video/audio edited & restored) HQ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.1272149085998535, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "DOWNLOAD LINK - http://www.mediafire.com/?iizojmjmzix The song was a U.S. number-one hit instrumental for Percy Faith in 1960 and was the best-selling ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.777605056762695, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith & His Orchestra and Chorus - Theme from \"A Summer Place\" (audio)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.742863893508911, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Music video by Percy Faith & His Orchestra and Chorus performing Theme from \"A Summer Place\" (audio). (C) 2016 Columbia Records, a division of Sony ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.28039026260376, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith - Theme From A Summer Place. The original 1960 analog version . WHY VINYL CAN SOUND BETTER THAN CD ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.3635091483592987, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Theme From A Summer Place - Percy Faith Orchestra! (ALBUM)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.47940510511398315, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "SONG LIST: \"Percy Faith-While We're Young\", sound recording administered by: IODA Your dispute awaiting response by 6/28/15 \"Felicia Sanders-Moulin ...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374743461608887, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith: ♫ Theme from A Summer Place ♫ (Tema do filme Amores Clandestinos)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1598527431488037, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith Theme from a Summer Place.flv", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.37020355463027954, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" }, { "answer": "Percy Faith", "passage": "Percy Faith & His Orchestra - Theme From \"A Summer Place\" (HQ)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.059410203248262405, "source": "search", "title": "Free Download theme from a summer place mp3 - mp3tunes" } ]

[ { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Platoon won the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1986; it also won Best Director for Oliver Stone, as well as Best Sound Mixing and Best Film Editing. In 1998, the American Film Institute placed Platoon at #83 in their \"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies\" poll.", "precise_score": 8.987671852111816, "rough_score": 8.244616508483887, "source": "wiki", "title": "Platoon (film)" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "The Best Picture winner in 1986 was controversial writer/director Oliver Stone's brutally-candid ant-war epic Platoon (with eight nominations and four wins - Best Picture, Best Director, Best Sound, and Best Film Editing), an authentic re-creation of the infantry foot-soldier Vietnam experience, and one of the best but grittiest films made on the subject. The film was backed by the independent Hemdale Film Corporation. [It was Stone's second career Oscar - he won earlier for his screenplay for Midnight Express (1978).]", "precise_score": 7.856800079345703, "rough_score": 7.123514652252197, "source": "search", "title": "1986 Academy Awards® Winners and History - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone won the Best Director Oscar - it was his first Best Director Oscar. [He later won a second Best Director Oscar for his Born on the Fourth of July (1989).] Stone also had two Oscar nominations in the same category, Best Original Screenplay, for two different films: Platoon and Salvador. Both lost to Woody Allen's Hannah and her Sisters.", "precise_score": 9.528427124023438, "rough_score": 8.934931755065918, "source": "search", "title": "1986 Academy Awards® Winners and History - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone Wins Best Director: 1987 Oscars - YouTube", "precise_score": 4.509850025177002, "rough_score": 3.8359313011169434, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone Wins Best Director: 1987 Oscars - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone Wins Best Director: 1987 Oscars", "precise_score": 5.380111217498779, "rough_score": 5.21987247467041, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone Wins Best Director: 1987 Oscars - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone wins the Oscar for directing for Platoon at the 59th Academy Awards. Elizabeth Taylor presents the award.", "precise_score": 9.786879539489746, "rough_score": 7.467445373535156, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone Wins Best Director: 1987 Oscars - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Platoon is a 1986 American war film written and directed by Oliver Stone and starring Tom Berenger, Willem Dafoe, and Charlie Sheen. It is the first film of a trilogy of Vietnam War films directed by Stone, followed by Born on the Fourth of July (1989) and Heaven & Earth (1993).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.463980197906494, "source": "wiki", "title": "Platoon (film)" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "After his tour of duty in Vietnam ended in 1968, Oliver Stone wrote a screenplay called Break, a semi-autobiographical account detailing his experiences with his parents and his time in Vietnam. Stone's active duty service resulted in a \"big change\" in how he viewed life and the war. Although the screenplay Break was never produced, he later used it as the basis for Platoon.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.415922164916992, "source": "wiki", "title": "Platoon (film)" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "The film received an 88% \"Fresh\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 60 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The critical consensus states that \"Informed by director Oliver Stone's personal experiences in Vietnam, Platoon forgoes easy sermonizing in favor of a harrowing, ground-level view of war, bolstered by no-holds-barred performances from Charlie Sheen and Willem Dafoe.\" The film received a Metacritic score of 86%. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.694506645202637, "source": "wiki", "title": "Platoon (film)" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37685775756836, "source": "search", "title": "Platoon - Awards - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Stone was nominated twice in the category and won an equal number of votes for both films. Tied with Oliver Stone for Salvador (1986).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.687467575073242, "source": "search", "title": "Platoon - Awards - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "OLIVER STONE for \"Platoon\", Woody Allen for \"Hannah and Her Sisters\", James Ivory for \"A Room with a View\", Roland Joffe for \"The Mission\", David Lynch for \"Blue Velvet\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.03635311126709, "source": "search", "title": "1986 Academy Awards® Winners and History - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "James Woods (with his first nomination) as American photojournalist/reporter Richard Boyle caught in El Salvador's 1980-81 civil war (the film was shot in Mexico), in director Oliver Stone's second film of the same year - the semi-autobiographical Salvador (with two nominations and no wins); the film was virtually unknown when originally released until it aired on LA's cable station Z Channel and became more widely acknowledged", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.166650772094727, "source": "search", "title": "1986 Academy Awards® Winners and History - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone's film about American involvement in Central America titled Salvador wasn't nominated in two major categories - Best Director and Best Picture. Rob Reiner's coming-of-age drama Stand By Me, based upon Stephen King's short story about four young males who adventurously sought a dead body in the woods over a two-day period, received only one nomination - for Best Adapted Screenplay - this obviously neglected the acting performance of River Phoenix as Chris Chambers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.54570198059082, "source": "search", "title": "1986 Academy Awards® Winners and History - Filmsite.org" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone, who wrote the script for ''Platoon'' more than a decade ago but could find no studio willing to buy the harrowing tale of combat, took home his own golden statue for best director. ''Platoon'' also won for film editing and sound.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.487490177154541, "source": "search", "title": "''PLATOON'' WINS OSCAR AS THE BEST MOVIE OF 1986 - NYTimes.com" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone (3) - with two wins (Platoon (1986) and Born on the Fourth of July (1989))", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.825965404510498, "source": "search", "title": "Academy Awards Best Director - Introduction" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone (3 nominations, 2 wins):", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.318617820739746, "source": "search", "title": "Academy Awards Best Director - Introduction" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.459341049194336, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.37685775756836, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone has become known as a master of controversial subjects and a legendary film maker. His films are filled with a variety of film angles and styles, he pushes his actors to give Oscar-worthy performances, and despite his failures, has always returned to success.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.28030776977539, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "William Oliver Stone was born in New York City, to Jacqueline (Goddet) and Louis Stone, a stockbroker. His American father was from a Jewish family (from Germany and Eastern Europe), and his mother, a war bride, was French (and Catholic). After dropping out of Yale University, he became a soldier in the Vietnam War. Serving in two different regiments (including 1rst Cavalry), he was introduced to The Doors , drugs, Jefferson Airplane , and other things that defined the sixties. For his actions in the war, he was awarded a Bronze Star for Gallantry and a Purple Heart. Returning from the war, Stone did not return to graduate from Yale. His first film was a student film entitled Last Year in Viet Nam (1971), followed by the gritty horror film Seizure (1974) for which he also wrote the screenplay. The next seven years saw him direct two films: Mad Man of Martinique (1979) and The Hand (1981), starring Michael Caine . He also wrote many screenplays for films such as Midnight Express (1978), Conan the Barbarian (1982), and Scarface (1983). Stone won his first Oscar for Midnight Express (1978), but his fame was just beginning to show.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.240690231323242, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "The movie talked about the return of an embittered, crippled Vietnam soldier from the war. Although it failed to win Best Picture or Best Actor, Oliver Stone won an Academy Award for Directing, his third win to date. After Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Stone took a hand in producing several movies, including the Academy Award-winning film Reversal of Fortune (1990). He returned to the director's chair in 1991, once again with two films. Val Kilmer starred as the legendary and controversial Jim Morrison in Stone's psychedelic film The Doors (1991).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.21055269241333, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Oliver Stone is a three-time Oscar winner, and although he has mostly been stung by critics of his films, he remains a well-known name today in the film industry. The films he directed have been nominated for 31 Academy Awards, including eight for acting, six for screen writing, and three for directing. There is no denying that Stone has cemented himself a position among the legends of Hollywood.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.230449676513672, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "Although he is a three-time Academy Award-winning filmmaker, it's been consistently difficult for him to acquire actors of his preference for most of the films he has directed. Casting Al Pacino in Any Given Sunday (1999), Joseph Gordon-Levitt in Snowden (2016), and Tom Cruise in Born on the Fourth of July (1989) are the most significant exceptions where Stone's top choice was either available or agreed to partake in an Oliver Stone production.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.697624206542969, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "In the 1992 Sight & Sound poll, Oliver Stone listed these as his top ten films of all time: The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), Lawrence of Arabia (1962), Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964), 1900 (1976), Raging Bull (1980), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), On the Waterfront (1954), Paths of Glory (1957), Citizen Kane (1941), The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather: Part II (1974).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.024300575256348, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" }, { "answer": "Oliver Stone", "passage": "In 2016, Oliver Stone gave the graduate school commencement address at University of Connecticut's main campus in Storrs. He told the graduates of his academic failures that led him to drop out of Yale University before starting fresh at a different university and ultimately launching a successful film career. Stone told graduates he flunked out of Yale, where former President George W. Bush was a classmate. After joining the Army and serving in the Vietnam War, he said a filmmaker friend suggested he go to film school. He did, earning a degree from New York University. Stone encouraged graduates to not be too down on themselves if things don't go their way early on [Hollywood Reporter, 2016].", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.225407600402832, "source": "search", "title": "Oliver Stone - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "1940s", "passage": "Known as \"The First lady of the American Theater\", Helen Hayes had a legendary career on stage and in films and television that spanned over eighty years. Hayes was born in Washington, D.C., to Catherine Estelle \"Essie\" Hayes, an actress who worked in touring companies, and Francis van Arnum Brown, a clerk and salesman. Her maternal grandparents were Irish. A child actress in the first decade of the 20th century, by the time she turned twenty in 1920 she was well on her way to a landmark career on the American stage, becoming perhaps the greatest female star of the theatre during the 1930s and 1940s. She made a handful of scattered films during the silent era and in 1931 was signed to MGM with great fanfare to begin a career starring in films. Her first three films, 'Arrowsmith', 'The Sin of Madelon Claudet', and 'A Farewell to Arms (1932)', were great hits and she would win the 1932 Oscar for Best Actress for her work in Madelon Claudet. Alas, her lack of screen glamour worked against her becoming a box office star during the golden era of Hollywood, and her subsequent films were often not well received by critics. Within four years she had abandoned the screen and returned to the stage for the greatest success of her career, \"Victoria Regina\", which ran for three years starting in 1935. Helen Hayes returned to motion pictures with a few featured roles in 1950s films and frequently appeared on television. In 1970, she made a screen comeback in 'Airport' (1970), a role originally offered to Claudette Colbert , who declined it, earning Hayes her second Oscar, this time for Best Supporting Actress. Helen Hayes retired from the stage in 1971 but enjoyed enormous fame and popularity over the next fifteen years with many roles in motion pictures and television productions, retiring in 1985 after starring in the TV film 'Murder With Mirrors'.", "precise_score": -1.9469174146652222, "rough_score": -7.331298828125, "source": "search", "title": "Helen Hayes - Biography - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "The Lady From Shanghai", "passage": "Film Print: Directed by the iconic Orson Wells, 'The Lady from Shanghai' starred Rita Hayworth as Elsa 'Rosalie' Bannister and was a classic film from the 1940's and 50's film era. This stunning mini print shows an illustrated depiction of Heyworth as she stands seductively in a black dress with her back on show. With the quote \"I told you...you know nothing about wickedness\", this gorgeous mini print is sure to make an eye catching addition to your home.", "precise_score": 5.719845294952393, "rough_score": -1.1085615158081055, "source": "search", "title": "PoundPosters.com: The Lady from Shanghai 35.5cm x 28cm ..." }, { "answer": "The Lady From Shanghai", "passage": "At the point in time that The Lady from Shanghai was being made, the marriage of Orson Welles and Rita Hayworth was disintegrating. The film was as much an effort by Welles to rekindle the old flames as it was to make a classic noir. Not received well at the time, The Lady from Shanghai has gotten more and more critical acclaim as years pass. Gotten better with age so to speak.", "precise_score": -9.314292907714844, "rough_score": -10.889352798461914, "source": "search", "title": "The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Lady From Shanghai", "passage": "PoundPosters.com: The Lady from Shanghai 35.5cm x 28cm Mini Print for Only £1 - Buy now!", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.399964332580566, "source": "search", "title": "PoundPosters.com: The Lady from Shanghai 35.5cm x 28cm ..." }, { "answer": "The Lady From Shanghai", "passage": "The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.206737518310547, "source": "search", "title": "The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Lady From Shanghai", "passage": "The Lady from Shanghai ( 1947 )", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245756149291992, "source": "search", "title": "The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb" }, { "answer": "The Lady From Shanghai", "passage": "Title: The Lady from Shanghai (1947)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140185356140137, "source": "search", "title": "The Lady from Shanghai (1947) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Seinfeld is an American sitcom that originally ran for nine seasons on NBC, from 1989 to 1998. It was created by Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld, the latter starring as a fictionalized version of himself. Set predominantly in an apartment building in Manhattan's Upper West Side in New York City (although taped entirely in Los Angeles), the show features a handful of Jerry's friends and acquaintances, particularly best friend George Costanza (Jason Alexander), former girlfriend Elaine Benes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus), and neighbor across the hall Cosmo Kramer (Michael Richards). It is often described as being \"a show about nothing\", as many of its episodes are about the minutiae of daily life.", "precise_score": 2.564937114715576, "rough_score": 1.5464136600494385, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The show premiered as The Seinfeld Chronicles on July 5, 1989. After it aired, a pickup by NBC seemed unlikely and the show was offered to Fox, which declined to pick it up. Rick Ludwin, head of late night and special events for NBC, however, diverted money from his budget by canceling a Bob Hope television special, and the next 4 episodes were filmed. These episodes were highly rated as they followed Cheers on Thursdays at 9:30 p.m., and the series was finally picked up. At one point NBC considered airing these episodes on Saturdays at 10:30 p.m., but gave that slot to a short-lived sitcom called FM. The series was renamed Seinfeld after the failure of short-lived 1990 ABC series The Marshall Chronicles. After airing in the summer of 1990, NBC ordered thirteen more episodes. Larry David believed that he and Jerry Seinfeld had no more stories to tell, and advised Seinfeld to turn down the order, but Seinfeld agreed to the additional episodes. Season two was bumped off its scheduled premiere of January 16, 1991, due to the outbreak of the (Persian) Gulf War. It settled into a regular time slot on Wednesdays at 9:30 p.m. and eventually flipped with veteran series Night Court to 9:00. ", "precise_score": 0.49835729598999023, "rough_score": 1.359034538269043, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "After nine years on the air, NBC and Jerry Seinfeld announced on December 25, 1997, that the series would end production the following spring in 1998. The announcement made the front page of the major New York newspapers, including the New York Times. Jerry Seinfeld was featured on the cover of Time magazine's first issue of 1998. The series ended with a seventy-five-minute episode (cut to 60 minutes in syndication, in two parts) written by co-creator and ex-executive producer Larry David, which aired on May 14, 1998. Before the finale, a forty-five-minute retrospective clip show, \"The Chronicle\", was aired. The retrospective was expanded to an hour after the original airing and aired again on NBC as an hour-long episode, and has since aired in syndication.", "precise_score": 4.1202311515808105, "rough_score": 4.039998531341553, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Early in March 2009, it was announced that the Seinfeld cast would reunite for season seven of Curb Your Enthusiasm. The cast first appeared in the third episode of the season, all playing their real life selves. The season-long story is that Larry David tries to initiate a Seinfeld reunion show as a ploy to get ex-wife, Cheryl, back. Along with the 4 main characters, some Seinfeld supporting actors like Wayne Knight, Estelle Harris and Steve Hytner appeared in the ninth episode at a table read for the reunion show. Though much dialogue in Curb Your Enthusiasm is improvised, the plot was scripted, and the Seinfeld special that aired within the show was scripted and directed by Seinfeld regular Andy Ackerman, making this the first time since Seinfeld went off the air that the central cast appeared together in a scripted show.", "precise_score": -0.07446327060461044, "rough_score": 2.268080234527588, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Previous shows on television were almost always family or co-worker driven, but Seinfeld holds itself up as being a then-rare example of a sitcom wherein none of the characters were related by blood or employed in the same building or business. In fact, many characters were not employed at all. According to Bruce Fretts' 1993 The \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"Seinfeld\" Companion, Seinfeld’s audience was, \"TV-literate, demographically desirable urbanites, for the most part-who look forward to each weekly episode in the Life of Jerry with a baby-boomer generation's self-involved eagerness.\" Likewise, in episodes adhering to the original concept, the show featured clips of Seinfeld himself delivering a standup routine at the beginning and end of each episode, the theme of which relates to the events depicted in the plot. By this device the distinction between the actor Jerry Seinfeld and the character who is portrayed by him is deliberately blurred. In later seasons, these standup clips became less frequent. All of the main characters were modeled after Seinfeld's or Larry David's real-life acquaintances. In fact, many of the plot devices are based on real-life counterparts - such as the Soup Nazi (based on Al Yeganeh) and J. Peterman of the J. Peterman Catalog .", "precise_score": -0.49288102984428406, "rough_score": 2.03043532371521, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The beginning of season 8 marked the departure of co-creator and executive producer Larry David. Jerry Seinfeld admitted to TV Guide that Seinfeld would be \"a different show\" as a result of David's absence, and many viewers noticed a distinct change in the series' tone from this point on. Reality and continuity were largely abandoned in favor of more outlandish storylines; the humor was now rooted in slapstick, farce and occassionally pure fantasy. The opening stand-up comedy segments were also discarded, replaced by more conventional opening sketches at the beginning of each episode. Some of the earlier off-beat entries were greeted as weird but fun diversions, such as \"The Bizarro Jerry\", in which Elaine befriends exact opposites of Jerry, George and Kramer (a play on 'The Bizarro World' in Superman comics). As the season progressed however, and especially during Season 9, most critics felt the show had gotten too silly and cartoonish for its own good.", "precise_score": 0.8800373077392578, "rough_score": 1.7273361682891846, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The series finale of Seinfeld should just be called “The Chip On Larry David’s Shoulder.” There are lots of problems with this episode, but to me, they fall into two general categories. There are the problems generated by the fact that this was a much-hyped, heavily watched series finale, and that “event” status isn’t something that gels particularly well with Seinfeld as a show. Then there’s the problems generated by Larry David (who is the sole credited writer for the episode), who seems hell-bent on reminding us what a dark, dark show this is once you scratch the surface, an approach that is tonally confusing—and also patronizing.", "precise_score": 3.805318832397461, "rough_score": 2.5404226779937744, "source": "search", "title": "“The Finale” | Seinfeld | TV Club | TV | The A.V. Club" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "It’s not baffling that this is what we ended up with, though. For one, NBC likely wanted, nay demanded, a big sendoff. Even if it didn’t, the network would have been horrified had it been pitched “the gang waits to get their dry cleaning” or something similar. For two, Larry David came back to write the finale, the first episode he wrote since he killed off Susan with “The Invitations.” In the meantime, he had written and directed Sour Grapes , which sunk without a trace after largely negative reviews. Of course you’re going to have Larry David write the Seinfeld finale. It’s surprising Seinfeld himself didn’t pitch in.", "precise_score": 5.239669322967529, "rough_score": 1.2744207382202148, "source": "search", "title": "“The Finale” | Seinfeld | TV Club | TV | The A.V. Club" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "This morning the Seinfeld principals sit down with Larry David, who helped create the show and wrote the final episode, for the table reading. (Which is where actors sit and read a script aloud. Round a table.) Jerry Seinfeld stands up at the beginning of the reading and says, \"You're going to hear me say 'thank you' a lot during the week – here's the first one.\" Before they even start reading, Julia Louis-Dreyfus is in tears. It is the first time the three other principals have learned in any detail how everything will end. \"It was a little emotional,\" says Jason Alexander afterward. \"It's creeping in, slowly.\"", "precise_score": 6.608699321746826, "rough_score": 5.3622145652771, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "May 14 marks the 15th anniversary of the \"Seinfeld\" finale , an event that attracted over 76 million viewers and divided opinions so spectacularly that it's still discussed to this day. Although writer Larry David reportedly maintains that he has no regrets about the series's controversial ending , that didn't stop him from giving it a second shot during \"Curb Your Enthusiasm's\" unofficial \"Seinfeld\" finale Part 2 in 2009.", "precise_score": 4.723344802856445, "rough_score": 4.4775543212890625, "source": "search", "title": "'Seinfeld' Finale: 15 Years Later, It's Still Among The ..." }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Many Seinfeld episodes are based on the writers' real-life experiences, with the experiences re-interpreted for the characters' storyline. For example, George's storyline, \"The Revenge\", is based on Larry David's experience at Saturday Night Live. \"The Contest\" is also based on David's experiences. \"The Smelly Car\" storyline is based on Peter Mehlman's lawyer friend, who could not get a bad smell out of his car. \"The Strike\" is based on Dan O'Keefe's dad, who made up his own holiday—Festivus. Other stories take on a variety of turns. \"The Chinese Restaurant\" consists of George, Jerry and Elaine waiting for a table throughout the entire episode. \"The Boyfriend\", revolving around Keith Hernandez, extends through 2 episodes. \"The Betrayal\" is famous for using reverse chronology, and was inspired by a similar plot device in a Harold Pinter play, Betrayal. Some stories were inspired by headlines and rumors, as explained in the DVD features \"Notes About Nothing\", \"Inside Look\", and \"Audio Commentary.\" In \"The Maestro\", Kramer's lawsuit is roughly similar to the McDonald's coffee case. \"The Outing\" is based primarily on rumors that Larry Charles heard about Jerry Seinfeld's sexuality. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8232207298278809, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "In \"The Note\", the first episode of season three, the bumper music featured a scatting female jazz singer who sang a phrase that sounded like \"easy to beat\". Jerry Seinfeld and executive producer Larry David both liked Wolff's additions, and three episodes were produced with this new style music. However, they had neglected to inform NBC and Castle Rock executives of the change, and when the season premiere aired, the executives were surprised and unimpressed, and requested that they return to the original style. The subsequent two episodes were redone, leaving this episode as the only one with additional music elements. In the commentary of \"The Note\", Julia Dreyfus facetiously suggests it was removed because the perceived lyric related closely to the low ratings at the time. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.0647392272949219, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The show maintains a strong sense of continuity—characters and plots from past episodes are often referenced or expanded on. Occasionally, story arcs span multiple episodes and even entire seasons, the most memorable being season four, which revolved around the pilot pitch to NBC by Jerry and George. Another example is Jerry's girlfriend Vanessa, who appears in \"The Stake Out\" and he ends the relationship when things do not work out in \"The Stock Tip\". Other examples are Kramer getting his jacket back and Elaine heading the \"Peterman catalog\". Larry David, the head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons, was praised for keeping a close eye on minor details and making sure the main characters' lives remained consistent and believable. Curb Your Enthusiasm—David's later comedy series— expanded on this idea by following a specific theme for all but one season in the series.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.233510971069336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Much publicity followed the controversial episode, \"The Contest\", an Emmy Award-winning episode written by co-creator Larry David, whose subject matter was considered inappropriate for prime time network TV. To circumvent this taboo, the word \"masturbation\" was never used in the script, instead substituted by a variety of oblique references. Midway through that season, Seinfeld was moved from its original 9:00 p.m. time slot on Wednesdays to 9:30 p.m. on Thursdays, following Cheers again, which gave the show even more popularity. Ratings also sparked the move, as Tim Allen's sitcom Home Improvement on ABC had aired at the same time and Improvement kept beating Seinfeld in the ratings. NBC moved the series after Ted Danson announced the end of Cheers and Seinfeld quickly surpassed the ratings of the 9:00 p.m. Cheers reruns that spring. The show won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 1993, beating out its family-oriented, time-slot competitor Home Improvement, which was only in its second season on fellow network ABC.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0289254188537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The show's ratings were still going strong in its final two seasons. Larry David left at the end of season seven (although he continued to voice Steinbrenner), so Seinfeld assumed David's duties as showrunner, and, under the direction of a new writing staff, Seinfeld became a faster-paced show. The show no longer contained extracts of Jerry performing stand-up comedy (Jerry had no time or energy for this with his new roles), and storylines occasionally delved into fantasy and broad humor. For example, in \"The Bizarro Jerry\", Elaine is torn between exact opposites of her friends and Jerry dates a woman who has the now-famed \"man hands\". Some notable episodes from season eight include \"The Little Kicks\" showing Elaine's horrible dancing, and \"The Chicken Roaster\" which portrays the Kenny Rogers Roasters chicken restaurant which opened during that time. A story arc in this season involves Peterman going to Burma in \"The Foundation\" until he recovered from a nervous breakdown in \"The Money\", followed by Elaine writing Peterman's biography in \"The Van Buren Boys\" which leads to Kramer's parody of Kenny Kramer's Reality Tour seen in \"The Muffin Tops\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.0094003677368164, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Seinfeld began as a twenty-three-minute pilot titled The Seinfeld Chronicles. Created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David, developed by NBC executive Rick Ludwin, and produced by Castle Rock Entertainment, it was a mix of Seinfeld's stand-up comedy routines and idiosyncratic, conversational scenes focusing on mundane aspects of everyday life like laundry, the buttoning of the top button on one's shirt and the effort by men to properly interpret the intent of women spending the night in Seinfeld's apartment.Battaglio, Stephen (June 30, 2014). \"'Annoying' 'Disorienting' 'Boring': On Seinfeld's 25th anniversary an exclusive look at the memo that almost killed the show\". TV Guide. pp. 18-19.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5403692126274109, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released all nine seasons of Seinfeld on DVD in Regions 1, 2 and 4 between 2004 and 2007. On November 6, 2007, Seinfeld: The Complete Series was released on DVD. The complete series set box set includes a 2007 \"roundtable\" reunion of the four main cast members and Larry David; only highlights of this were also included in the Season 9 set.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.335009574890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Louis-Dreyfus, Alexander, and Richards have all tried to launch new sitcoms as title-role characters. Despite acclaim and even respectable ratings, almost every show was canceled quickly, usually within the first season. This gave rise to the term Seinfeld curse: the failure of a sitcom starring one of the three, despite the conventional wisdom that each person's Seinfeld popularity should almost guarantee a strong, built-in audience for the actor's new show. Shows specifically cited regarding the Seinfeld curse are Julia Louis-Dreyfus' Watching Ellie, Jason Alexander's Bob Patterson and Listen Up!, and Michael Richards' The Michael Richards Show. Larry David said of the curse, \"It's so completely idiotic. It's very hard to have a successful sitcom.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5329349040985107, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "This phenomenon was mentioned throughout the second season of Larry David's HBO program Curb Your Enthusiasm. However, the Emmy award-winning success of Julia Louis-Dreyfus in the CBS sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine led many to believe that she had broken the curse. In her acceptance speech, Louis-Dreyfus held up her award and exclaimed, \"I'm not somebody who really believes in curses, but curse this, baby!\" The show was on the air for five seasons starting March 13, 2006 before its cancellation on May 18, 2010; the series produced enough episodes to air in reruns in syndication for several years, something the other shows didn't achieve. The Saturday Night Live episode guest-hosted by Louis-Dreyfus made references to the curse. Louis-Dreyfus went on to win four further Lead Actress in a Comedy Emmys for her acclaimed performance as Vice President Selina Meyer in HBO's comedy series Veep.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.437344551086426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Apart from the Super Bowl spot, Larry David, Michael Richards and Julia Louis-Dreyfus have appeared as guests on regular episodes of Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.1049165725708, "source": "wiki", "title": "Seinfeld" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The show has been famously described as \"the show about nothing\" (a self-referential phrase from an episode describing Jerry and George's attempt to create a sitcom idea), as most of the comedy was based around the largely inconsequential minutiae of every-day life, and often involved petty rivalries and elaborate schemes to gain the smallest advantage over other individuals. Seinfeld himself notes that his original premise — and the purpose for the standup excerpts that bookended each show — was that the show would be about how a comedian gathers material for his act. The characters have also been described as utterly selfish and amoral; the show stood out by depicting these traits in a comedic fashion. However, it should be noted that a common motif concerns characters' attempts to do nice things for people, only to have them backfire exponentially. In contrast to many other sitcoms, the allowing of scenes to lapse into sentimentality was generally avoided, and Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David's dictum of \"no hugging, no learning\" gave the show its distinctively cold and cynical tone. However, themes of illogical social graces and customs, neurotic and obsessive behavior, and the mysterious workings of relationships ran in numerous episodes, making it possible to categorize the show as a comedy of manners. The show's creators made a conscious effort to reflect the activities of real people, rather than the idealized escapist characters often seen on television, although many of the show's plots involve intricate, and often cyclical strings of events that converge in the end to form a grand irony.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.21526837348938, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The character of George was based on a combination of the show's co-creator, comedian Larry David, and Jerry's real-life childhood friend Michael Costanza. Episode plots would frequently feature George manufacturing elaborate deceptions at work or in his relationships, in order to gain or maintain some petty advantage. These schemes would invariably backfire. Most of George's reprehensible actions are the result of his taking the advice of others too seriously. For example, Jerry once jokingly suggested that he should only do the opposite of what his instinct tells him, as instinct has led only to misfortune. This comment led George to try and center his whole life around the principle. His disastrous engagement to Susan also began with a remark made by Jerry. Thus it can be argued that George is not really a bad person but just easily swayed by others. Many of George's predicaments were based on those that Larry David had found himself in at one point or another in his own life.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.32383918762207, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Elaine Marie Benes (played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus )—Like Jerry, much of Elaine's life revolves around trying to arrange relationships with attractive individuals, although some of hers last longer than Jerry's. Her most memorable is her on-again, off-again relationship with David Puddy (played by Patrick Warburton ). She has also held jobs for Pendant Publishing, The J. Peterman Catalog , and as a personal assistant to the wealthy Mr. Justin Pitt . Elaine was a composite of many female acquaintances of the writers, the two most prominent being writer Carol Leifer, Seinfeld's real-life ex-girlfriend, and the other being Monica Yates, Larry David's ex-girlfriend. In the show Elaine and Jerry dated, and \"broke up\", timeline-wise, just before the first episode, remaining friends over the course of the show. The couple rekindled their romance in \" The Deal \" and slept together in \" The Mango \" (in order to save their friendship, which was deteriorating due to the revelation that Elaine faked her orgasms while they dated), but the relationship reverted to platonic in both instances without any significant explanation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6913623809814453, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "One of the most popular characters on the show, Kramer is often described as the \"action character\" that draws audiences with his wild and unusual antics displaying Michael Richard's skillful physical comedy. In one show, Kramer is called a \"hipster doofus.\" He is based on Larry David's neighbor, Kenny Kramer , whose real-life \"Seinfeld Reality Tour\" was actually spoofed in one episode as the Cosmo's \"J. Peterman Reality Tour\". In contrast to the other characters, his eccentricities lead him to be almost always painfully honest. He is friends with Newman, as well as a wide variety of (mostly off-screen) acquaintances and shady partners, including Lomez and Bob Sacamano .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.74811053276062, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Newman (played by Wayne Knight ) — Jerry and Kramer's neighbor; a portly, vengeful and spasmodic U.S. postal carrier. Newman is Jerry's archenemy, and at the same time Kramer's friend. In his first (offscreen) appearance, (\" The Revenge ,\" Season 2, Episode 12), Newman was voiced by Larry David. Wayne Knight later re-dubbed the voice in \"The Revenge\" for syndication. Newman and Jerry often use a specific routine of greeting each other when they meet, Newman saying \"Hello, Jerry,\" and Seinfeld replying \"Hello, Newman,\" both speaking in a venomous tone of mutual disgust. He never misses a chance to get Jerry into trouble. Nevertheless, he never seems to mind hanging around in Jerry's apartment from time to time as if they were friends. Occasionally, a story places him in the role of a fifth member of the group, though usually he is an antagonist. Like many of the Seinfeldian characters, Newman is a paradigm of contradiction. On the one hand he is slovenly (realizes he is sitting on a fork in his apartment), lazy (doesn't deliver mail when it rains, despite the famed saying, \"Neither snow, nor rain, nor sleet,\" misquoted by George in the show as \"neither rain...\"), and completely selfish. However, he displays a surprising sensitivity, as in his infatuation with Elaine and his poetry for Kramer in the bookstore, as well as intelligence, such as when he decides in a Solomon-esque way to assign the rightful owner of the bicycle.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.695540428161621, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "In a 2001 episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm , during an argument between Larry David and Jason Alexander, it is mentioned that David participated in a contest exactly like this one, after Jason comments that that sort of thing would never happen. On the second DVD of the Season 4 Seinfeld collection, Kenny Kramer states that David did participate in such a contest and complained to him at the time about how difficult it was. On the third week, according to Kenny Kramer, David was the victor.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6019667387008667, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "In the final scene before the credits, the four main characters sit in a jail cell and begin a conversation about George's shirt buttons, using lines from the very first episode of the series (\"The second button is the key button. It literally makes or breaks the shirt.\"). In a last bit of comedy during the credits, Jerry is seen wearing an orange prison suit, doing a stand-up routine of prison-related jokes. \"So what is the deal with the yard? I mean when I was a kid my mother wanted me to play in the yard. But of course she didn't have to worry about my next door neighbor Tommy sticking a shiv in my thigh.\" He is eventually threatened by a heckler/fellow prisoner voiced by Larry David. The final line of the series is Jerry, being yanked off stage, saying, \"Hey, you've been great. I'll see you in the cafeteria!\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5537109375, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The finale was not filmed in front of an audience, for the sake of keeping its plot secret, though a laugh track was later added. It was scripted by co-creator Larry David , who returned after a two-season hiatus. It also was the first episode since the 7th season to feature opening and closing stand-up acts by Jerry Seinfeld.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.270030498504639, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Since the end of the program, Alexander has acted in film, theater and television, including guest appearances on Larry David's new HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm. Louis-Dreyfus also appeared on Enthusiasm and has received on-screen and voice credits in television (such as Arrested Development) and animated film. Richards continues to appear in new film and television work as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.03139877319336, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "\"It's so completely idiotic.... It's very hard to have a successful sitcom,\" Larry David once said of the curse. [7] Most new sitcoms do not enjoy the success of hits like Seinfeld, though David's Curb Your Enthusiasm went on to win Emmy awards; the series relied on his signature humor, embodied in the Seinfeld character of George.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.9809569120407104, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Emmy Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series - \" The Fix-Up \" - Larry Charles and Elaine Pope (1991); \" The Contest \" - Larry David (1992);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.173216819763184, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Writers Guild Award for Episodic Comedy - \"The Contest\" - Larry David (1994); \" The Mango \" - Lawrence H. Levy (teleplay/story), Larry David (teleplay) (1995); \" The Pool Guy \" - David Mandel (1997); \" The Fatigues \" - Gregg Kavet , Andy Robin (1998)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.762253761291504, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "It’s all reminiscent of the furor over the finale to The Sopranos and how many people expected Tony to get his grand comeuppance and were disappointed at the ambiguity of the episode conclusion. That show’s creator, David Chase, said that he was put off by the bloodthirstiness of the show’s fans—fans who had happily followed Tony’s wrongdoings for many years. Larry David seems to take the opposite approach, gleefully punishing the gang for their countless wrongs. Were there a lot of Seinfeld fans hoping Jerry’s theft of the marble rye would finally be avenged? Unlikely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.433966636657715, "source": "search", "title": "“The Finale” | Seinfeld | TV Club | TV | The A.V. Club" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "George’s bitter ranting at the start of the episode feels like Larry David announcing himself to everyone. “I want more than health. The health’s not doing it for me anymore. I’m sick of health!”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75277042388916, "source": "search", "title": "“The Finale” | Seinfeld | TV Club | TV | The A.V. Club" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "This is a show about nothing; however, for a show about nothing, this show has many complex plots, sub-plots, is very well written and put together. So much so that until the public caught onto the series, the television critics were responsible for helping to keep it alive. The critics further went on and made the series victorious in every category it was eligible for in the 1st Annual American Television Awards. Seinfeld has also won a few Emmy Awards, the George Foster Peabody Award for 1992 and many more. Many of the early episodes were based on the life experiences of series co-creator, Larry David. Stories such as The Stock Tip and The Jacket really happened, as did many others. Across the hall from Larry lived a man named Kenny Kramer, who aside from the physical comedy aspects, lives the life of TV Kramer. Find out all about him at the real Kramer's web site. Some aspects were based on Jerry's life. Jerry's real address in NYC when he was struggling comic was 129 W. 81 St., this is the address used for his building in the series. In the series, Jerry lives in apartment 5A, Kramer in 5B. Viewer Jason Dean Vaupel notes that in a couple of episodes of the second season, Jerry lives in apartment 3A. And Newman's apartment has usually been 5E, but viewer Jeff Holland notes that it sometimes is 5F and that 5E was rented out to someone else as already noted in the episode, The Conversion. Their building is called The Shelley according to viewer Kipp Teague whose discerned that from the awning on the building. However, that building is actually located in Los Angeles, the building at the real address in NYC is much different. Jeff Holland also notes that The Shelley has no visible fire escapes, but there is one outside of Jerry's window. Other aspects are composite of both lives. For example, Elaine's character is half based on Jerry's ex-girlfriend Carol Leifer. Carol joined the production staff in the 5th season. An ex-girlfriend of Larry David's, named Monica Yates, whose father was a noted writer in the other half of the Elaine equation. Larry David once wore a suede jacket that got wet while meeting her father. Another viewer, Bobby Bank, notes that a tribute to Jerry's father is seen in occasional episodes. Jerry's father, named Kal, worked in the sign business, so occasionally in the background you may see a sign that says Kal's Signs. Bobby stated in a trade magazine for the sign industry called Signs of the Times that he... Quote: had the pleasure of meeting and working with Kal in the early 70s when we were producing Jewelite (Bobby's company) letters for him. I remember Kal saying, 'Bobby, you should meet my son Jerry. He's a real funny guy.' Viewer Robert Buchanan also reminds me that it is ironic that Jerry's father's name is Kal, and Superman's real Kryptonian name is Kal-El. Most every episode takes place in Jerry's apartment; however, there are (of course) a few exceptions: The Chinese Restaurant, The Pen, The Parking Garage, The Subway, The Limo, The Airport, The Movie, The Hamptons, The Merv Griffin Show & The Dealership. While no activity occurs there, an empty apartment is shown in The Puerto Rican Day. First Telecast: July 5, 1989 Last Telecast: May 14, 1998 Episodes: 180 Color Episodes + 1 Special Ratings History Season 1= Not in the Top 30 Season 2= Not in the Top 30 Season 3= Not in the Top 30 Season 4= 25 Season 5= 3 Season 6= 1 Season 7= 2 Season 8= 2 Season 9= 1moreless", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.728065252304077, "source": "search", "title": "Seinfeld - TV.com" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "As they watch some supporting cast members rehearse, Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David discuss, with amusement, an editorial in the New York Times that links New York's perceived Nineties rebirth, in part, to Seinfeld. \"The image of the city is this fun, silly place with these colorful characters,\" says Seinfeld. And it's because of their show. \"The lead editorial!\" he says. Seinfeld, who grew up on Long Island, will move to New York after the show is finished. He has already sold his Hollywood home. \"I've had enough of Los Angeles,\" he tells me. \"I always say that Los Angeles is like Vegas, except the losers stay in town.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.415494441986084, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Between takes, I briefly ask him some questions. Larry David listens in and, finally, must interject.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.32416820526123, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Seinfeld began as a pilot called The Seinfeld Chronicles in 1989. Jerry Seinfeld was a stand-up comedian looking for a suitable TV vehicle. Larry David had been a somewhat misanthropic stand-up on the same circuit, and they agreed to create a show based upon the kind of obsessive conversations they would have in real life. Seinfeld would play a character who was more or less himself, and a characters called George Costanza would represent David.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9604239463806152, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Larry David had made noises about leaving Seinfeld very early on. His logic was characteristically self-abasing. \"I always want to leave, whatever I'm doing, because I think everything's better if I'm not there,\" he reasons. \"Because I think, 'How could anything be good if I'm there?' Hence George Costanza.\" Seinfeld used to say they wouldn't do more than five seasons – an early totem of his determination to not let the series dribble on or dribble out. \"I used to remind him of that,\" says David. But each deadline passed. At the end of year seven, amid reports of some bad blood, David left, but Seinfeld continued regardless. \"I just wasn't ready,\" Seinfeld says.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.464155673980713, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Larry David is fretting. Kramer, his one-time neighbor whose name David took, along with certain details of temperament and biography, for the fictional Kramer, is coming to Los Angeles to see the final taping. \"He's staying at my house,\" says David. \"My wife doesn't know yet.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.746386528015137, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Larry David: Sure. Why not? By the way, I got him into wearing shoes. I told him that shoes look much better with jeans. He copied me in that department. The shoe move, I've been working on it for a few years. But he's not sneaker free, no. He'll never be sneaker free. Over the years we made little changes in each other's habits. If one of us got something, the other would have it in a day. Like the Oral-B/Braun electric toothbrush.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.308256149291992, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "I watch them rehearse the scene for the first time. Afterward, Larry David walks up to them but doesn't say anything.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.28869915008545, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Larry David shrugs. \"That's the series.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.22500228881836, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "But it isn't over, even then. After the director has shot a few related shots, it is decided that the actors can do the final scene better. Richards rises from the floor, where his legs have been stretched out almost 180 degrees apart, his head bent forward onto the ground between them. Seinfeld shaves on the set with a small electric razor, and they take their places once more. \"Let's bang it out,\" says Louis-Dreyfus. The fifth take is no good. After the sixth, Seinfeld says, \"That's as well as I can do it,\" and Louis-Dreyfus says. \"We've got it – let's move on.\" But they are overruled. The seventh take isn't perfect. After the eighth, Larry David simply says, \"thank you.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.399186134338379, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "Larry David: [Overcome with merriment] Read it again! [Listens] Yeah, I'll accept that, except for the Reaganite part. They clearly do not like it. There has been criticism of the show that has really got under my skin, but something like that is kinda funny. Oh, that was mean, but it was well written. I appreciate a good turn of phrase. That is just reeking of political correctness, that writer. That is just a humorless individual.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.350592613220215, "source": "search", "title": "The End of 'Seinfeld ' | Rolling Stone" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The final scene is of Jerry performing a comedy act for the prisoners at the Latham County Prison. Kramer is the only one laughing at his jokes, as the rest of the prisoners are booing him. Larry David (albeit offstage) is one of the haters. He yells to Jerry, \"You suck! I'm gonna cut you!\" The prison guard (portrayed by Jon Hayman ) gets the penultimate lines as he escorts Jerry offstage, \"All right, Seinfeld, that's it. Let's go.\" Appropriately, Jerry gets the last line, \"You've been great.\"", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.864269495010376, "source": "search", "title": "The Finale, Part 2 - WikiSein - Wikia" }, { "answer": "Larry David", "passage": "The finale of Season 4 thankfully meets its season high standards. Larry David had a lot to do on this episode: finish the pilot arc (with closure or not) and deliver an episode that's good in itself. And he delivered.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.775614738464355, "source": "search", "title": "\"Seinfeld\" The Pilot (TV Episode 1993) - IMDb" } ]

[ { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways, often shortened to BA, is the flag carrier and the largest airline in the United Kingdom based on fleet size. When measured by passengers carried, it is second-largest in the United Kingdom behind easyJet. The airline is based in Waterside near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport.", "precise_score": -5.6936235427856445, "rough_score": -6.563018321990967, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "A long-time Boeing customer, British Airways ordered 59 Airbus A320 family aircraft in August 1998. In 2007 it purchased 12 Airbus A380s and 24 Boeing 787 Dreamliners, marking the start of its long-haul fleet replacement. The centrepiece of the airline's long-haul fleet is the Boeing 777, with 58 in the fleet. British Airways is the largest operator of the Boeing 747-400 in the world, with 51 registered to the airline.", "precise_score": -5.4548726081848145, "rough_score": -4.100525379180908, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 1981 the airline was instructed to prepare for privatisation by the Conservative Thatcher government. Sir John King, later Lord King, was appointed chairman, charged with bringing the airline back into profitability. While many other large airlines struggled, King was credited with transforming British Airways into one of the most profitable air carriers in the world. The flag carrier was privatised and was floated on the London Stock Exchange in February 1987. British Airways effected the takeover of the UK's \"second\" airline, British Caledonian, in July of that same year.", "precise_score": -6.78056526184082, "rough_score": -6.37424373626709, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 1992 British Airways expanded through the acquisition of the financially troubled Dan-Air, giving BA a much larger presence at Gatwick airport. British Asia Airways, a subsidiary based in Taiwan, was formed in March 1993 to operate between London and Taipei. That same month BA purchased a 25% stake in the Australian airline Qantas and, with the acquisition of Brymon Airways in May, formed British Airways Citiexpress (later BA Connect). In September 1998, British Airways, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and Canadian Airlines, formed the Oneworld airline alliance. Oneworld began operations on 1 February 1999, and is the third largest airline alliance in the world, behind SkyTeam and Star Alliance.", "precise_score": -7.2742533683776855, "rough_score": -5.7455525398254395, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Bob Ayling's leadership led to a cost savings of £750m and the establishment of a budget airline, Go, in 1998. The next year, however, British Airways reported an 84% drop in profits in its first quarter alone, its worst in seven years. In March 2000, Ayling was removed from his position and British Airways announced Rod Eddington as his successor. That year, British Airways and KLM conducted talks on a potential merger, reaching a decision in July to file an official merger plan with the European Commission. The plan fell through in September 2000. British Asia Airways ceased operations in 2001 after BA suspended flights to Taipei. Go was sold to its management and the private equity firm 3i in June 2001. Eddington would make further workforce cuts due to reduced demand following 11 September attacks in 2001, and BA sold its stake in Qantas in September 2004. In 2005 Willie Walsh, managing director of Aer Lingus and a former pilot, became the chief executive officer of British Airways. BA unveiled its new subsidiary OpenSkies in January 2008, taking advantage of the liberalisation of transatlantic traffic rights between Europe and the United States. OpenSkies flies non-stop from Paris to New York's JFK and Newark airports. ", "precise_score": -7.428548336029053, "rough_score": -6.387489318847656, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On July 2008 British Airways announced a merger plan with Iberia, another flag carrier airline in the Oneworld alliance, wherein each airline would retain its original brand. The agreement was confirmed in April 2010, and in July the European Commission and US Department of Transport permitted the merger and began to co-ordinate transatlantic routes with American Airlines. On 6 October 2010 the alliance between British Airways, American Airlines and Iberia formally began operations. The alliance generates an estimated £230 million in annual cost-saving for BA, in addition to the £330 million which would be saved by the merger with Iberia. This merger was finalised on 21 January 2011, resulting in the International Airlines Group (IAG), the world's third-largest airline in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest airline group in Europe. Prior to merging, British Airways owned a 13.5% stake in Iberia, and thus received ownership of 55% of the combined International Airlines Group; Iberia's other shareholders received the remaining 45%. As a part of the merger, British Airways ceased trading independently on the London Stock Exchange after 23 years as a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. ", "precise_score": -6.573054313659668, "rough_score": -6.6943488121032715, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "BEA Helicopters was renamed British Airways Helicopters in 1974 and operated passenger and offshore oil support services until it was sold in 1986. Other former subsidiaries include the German airline Deutsche BA from 1997 until 2003 and the French airline Air Liberté from 1997 to 2001. British Airways also owned Airways Aero Association, the operator of the British Airways flying club based at Wycombe Air Park in High Wycombe, until it was sold to Surinder Arora in 2007. ", "precise_score": -6.408473968505859, "rough_score": -6.994980812072754, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "South Africa's Comair and Denmark's Sun Air of Scandinavia have been franchisees of British Airways since 1996. British Airways obtained a 15% stake in UK regional airline Flybe from the sale of BA Connect in March 2007. It sold the stake in 2014. BA also owned a 10% stake in InterCapital and Regional Rail (ICRR), the company that managed the operations of Eurostar (UK) Ltd from 1998 to 2010, when the management of Eurostar was restructured.", "precise_score": -7.066859722137451, "rough_score": -6.608381271362305, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways World Cargo was the airline's freight division prior to its merger with Iberia Cargo to form IAG Cargo. Aircraft types used by the division between 1974 and 1983 were Vickers 953C, Boeing 707-300C and Boeing 747-200F while the Boeing 747-400F was operated from the 1990s to 2001 through Atlas Air and 2002 to early 2012 by Global Supply Systems, of these only one of Atlas Air's aircraft wore BA livery, the others flew in Atlas and Global Supply's own colours. From 2012 until the termination of Global Supply System's contract in 2014, three Boeing 747-8F aircraft were flown for British Airways World Cargo. ", "precise_score": -7.260094165802002, "rough_score": -4.572161674499512, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The musical theme predominantly used on British Airways advertising is \"The Flower Duet\" by Léo Delibes. This, and the slogan \"The World's Favourite Airline\" were introduced in 1989 with the launch of the iconic \"Face\" advertisement. The slogan was dropped in 2001 after Lufthansa overtook BA in terms of passenger numbers. \"Flower Duet\" is still used by the airline, and has been through several different arrangements since 1989. The most recent version of this melody was shown in 2007 with a new slogan: \"Upgrade to British Airways\". Other advertising slogans have included \"The World's Best Airline\", \"We'll Take More Care of You\", and \"Fly the Flag\". ", "precise_score": -6.915221214294434, "rough_score": -4.838781356811523, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Since its formation in 1974, British Airways' aeroplanes carried a Union Jack scheme painted on their tail fins. The original tail scheme was changed in 1984 as part of a new livery designed by Landor Associates. ", "precise_score": 1.5418964624404907, "rough_score": -0.49512216448783875, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 1997, there was a controversial change from the use of the former British Airways branding (which incorporated stylised elements of the Union Jack) to a new livery which was intended mainly to reflect the diversity of places served by the airline – so-called \"World Images\". This involved a range of different designs appearing on tailfins and elsewhere, although the bodies of all the planes would use the corporate colours consistently; the exception was the Concorde fleet, which would have a new tailfin design based on a stylised, fluttering Union flag. What became known as the \"ethnic images\" included Delftware or Chinese calligraphy, related to countries on the company's network of routes. This was reported to have caused problems with air traffic control: previously controllers had been able to tell pilots to follow a BA plane, but they were now harder to visually identify. Several people spoke out against the change, including the former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who famously covered the tail of a model 747 at an event with a handkerchief, to show her displeasure. BA's traditional rival, Virgin Atlantic, took advantage of the negative press coverage by applying the Union flag to the winglets of their aircraft along with the slogan \"Britain's national flagcarrier\". In 1999 the CEO of British Airways, Bob Ayling, announced that all BA planes would adopt the tailfin design originally intended to be used only on the Concorde, based on the Union Flag. ", "precise_score": 6.3736042976379395, "rough_score": 6.345854759216309, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 1997 British Airways (BA) adopted a new livery. One part of this was a newly stylised version of the British Airways \"Speedbird\" logo, but the major change was the introduction of tail-fin art. Also known as the Utopia or world image tailfins, they used art and designs from international artists and other sources to represent countries on BA's route network. The signature of the artist was carried near the design on the tail.", "precise_score": 5.7749481201171875, "rough_score": 6.199965000152588, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways ethnic liveries" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* British Airways: Britain's Flag carrier shows a section of the British Union Flag on the aircraft tail. Some aircraft feature the Union Jack under the nose.", "precise_score": -1.7855651378631592, "rough_score": -6.1404619216918945, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of airline liveries and logos" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways introduced varied and unusual tailfin designs in 1997. These \"airline liveries and logos\" were intended to make the airline's branding more cosmopolitan and were described as \"arty\" and \"ethnic\". They were unpopular with many customers and also caused confusion for ground controllers who had more difficulty recognising the British Airways ethnic liveries aircraft to give clear taxiing instructions. Despite the £60M expense of this livery, it was replaced completely in 2001 and the airline has now returned to a more traditional design based upon the Union flag. ", "precise_score": 7.005306243896484, "rough_score": 7.1755218505859375, "source": "wiki", "title": "List of airline liveries and logos" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "1997: British Airways ditches the Union Flag on its tail-fin, replacing it with a series of ‘ethnic’ designs from around the globe. It provokes immediate criticism with Baroness Thatcher famously draping her handkerchief over a model aircraft sporting one of the new tail designs at a Conservative party conference and calling it ‘awful’.  ", "precise_score": 9.59298038482666, "rough_score": 8.622488021850586, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "1999: British Airways announces it is ditching the much-criticised ‘ethnic’ tailfin logos on half its fleet and replacing them with a red, white and blue Union Flag-based design. The remaining aircraft follow suit soon afterwards.", "precise_score": 6.341156005859375, "rough_score": 5.609053611755371, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 1997, former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher famously showed her disgust for a British Airways tail fin redesign at a party conference.", "precise_score": 3.154047966003418, "rough_score": -0.4352274537086487, "source": "search", "title": "Airlines show off new flying colours ... - Daily Mail Online" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways earned a spot in marketing infamy when, in 1997 and to considerable fanfare, it unveiled its “world images” look.  A dozen or so unique patterns, each representing a different region the world, were chosen for the tails of BA aircraft.  Out went the quartered Union Jack and heraldic crest, and in came Delftblue Daybreak, Wunala Dreaming, and Youm al-Suq.  It was all very progressive, multicultural, and revolting.  Newell and Sorell, creators of the campaign, called it “a series of uplifting celebrations.”  Others called it “a wallpaper catalog.” Prime Minister Thatcher once draped a handkerchief over the tail of a 747 model and said, “We fly the British flag, not these awful things.”", "precise_score": 3.6000864505767822, "rough_score": 4.215606689453125, "source": "search", "title": "THE YIN & YANG OF AIRLINE IDENTITY - Ask the Pilot" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "BRITISH Airways is to restore the Union flag to its entire fleet of 290 aircraft, four years after embarking on a £60 million experiment with \"world images\" that were widely disliked by passengers and crew.", "precise_score": -2.3145558834075928, "rough_score": -5.847301006317139, "source": "search", "title": "BA restores Union flag design to all tailfins - Telegraph" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On December 4, 1984, British Airways revealed a new identity and livery, created by Landor Associates . [2] [3] The choice of Landor sparked some controversy in the British design community, as it was unusual at the time for British companies to contract foreign agencies for design work. [4] Perhaps in an effort to stem criticism, British Airways' press release made sure to mention that other aspects of the rebrand would be handled by British companies, naming suppliers of paints, signs and stationery before mentioning Landor.", "precise_score": -6.771713733673096, "rough_score": -6.727538108825684, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways - Logopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways unveiled a new identity on June 10, 1997. This was an attempt rid themselves of a stuffy overly British image and become a truly worldwide airline. The new identity was developed with Newell & Sorrell .", "precise_score": 0.04192057624459267, "rough_score": -1.6879020929336548, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways - Logopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": ". All four companies were dissolved on 31 March 1974 to form British Airways (BA) and almost thirteen years later, in February 1987, the company was privatised. The carrier soon expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1988 and Gatwick-based carrier Dan-Air in 1992. Despite being a primarily Boeing customer, British Airways placed a major order for Airbus aircraft in November 1998 with the purchase of 89 A320 Family aircraft. In 2007, the carrier placed its next major order, marking the start of its long-haul fleet replacement, ordering Airbus A380s and Boeing 787s . The centrepiece of the airline's long-haul fleet is the Boeing 747-400 ; with 54 examples, British Airways is the largest operator of the type in the world.", "precise_score": -5.769175052642822, "rough_score": -3.7691469192504883, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Sir John King , later Lord King, was appointed Chairman in 1981 with the goal of preparing the airline for privatisation. King was credited with transforming the loss-making giant into one of the most profitable air carriers in the world, boldly claiming to be \"The World's Favourite Airline\", while many other large airlines struggled. The flag carrier was privatised and was floated on the London Stock Exchange in February 1987 by the Conservative government. In July 1987, British Airways effected the controversial takeover of Britain's \"second\" airline, British Caledonian .", "precise_score": -6.063409805297852, "rough_score": -4.745414733886719, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Lord King stepped down as chairman in 1993 and was replaced by former deputy Colin Marshall while Robert Ayling took over as the CEO. Benefits under his management included cost savings of £750m and the establishment of Go in 1998. However, one year on, in 1999, British Airways reported an 84 percent drop in profits, its worst since privatisation at the time. In March 2000, Robert Ayling was removed from his position and British Airways announced Rod Eddington as his successor. Eddington set about cutting the workforce further, in response to the slump caused by the 11 September attacks in 2001. On 8 September 2004, British Airways announced that it was to sell its 18.5 percent stake in Qantas .", "precise_score": -8.775108337402344, "rough_score": -5.239515781402588, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On 27 September 2007, BA announced their biggest order since 1998 by ordering 36 new long-haul aircraft. The company ordered 12 A380 with options on a further seven, and 24 Boeing 787s with options on a further 18. Rolls-Royce Trent engines were selected for both orders with Trent 900s powering the A380s and Trent 1000s powering the 787s. The new aircraft will be delivered between 2010 and 2014. The Boeing 787s will replace 14 of British Airways' Boeing 767 fleet and the Airbus A380s will replace 20 of BA's oldest Boeing 747-400s and will most likely be used to increase capacity on routes to Bangkok", "precise_score": -8.919490814208984, "rough_score": -7.118675708770752, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The musical theme predominantly used on British Airways advertising is \" The Flower Duet \" by Léo Delibes . This, and the slogan \"The World's Favourite Airline\" were introduced in 1989 with the launch of the iconic \"Face\" advertisement. The slogan was dropped in 2001, after having been overtaken by Lufthansa in terms of passenger numbers. However, \"Flower Duet\" is still used by the airline, and has been through several different arrangements since 1989. The recent version of this melody was shown in 2007, with a new slogan, \"Upgrade to British Airways\".", "precise_score": -8.541743278503418, "rough_score": -6.807116508483887, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Since its formation in 1974, though to a limited extent until all aircraft were repainted, British Airways' aeroplanes carried a Union Flag scheme painted on their tail fins. The original predominantly red tail scheme was changed with the launch of a new livery designed by the New York design agency, Landor Associates. The new tail was predominantly dark blue and carried the British Airways Coat of Arms. On 10 June 1997 there was a highly controversial change from the use of the British colours to ethnic logos and abstract world images, Delftware or Chinese calligraphy for example. All the designs related to countries on the company's network of routes. This caused problems with air traffic control : whereas previously controllers had been able to tell pilots to follow a BA plane, they were now harder to visually identify because each plane was painted in a range of different colours and colour schemes.", "precise_score": 6.127467155456543, "rough_score": 7.150827407836914, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Spacing onboard aircraft in order to maximise the economics of a flight has become increasingly competitive. In 2001, British Airways became the first carrier to introduce a ten abreast economy class configuration on the Boeing 777, an aircraft which had been designed for nine abreast seating. This utilised specially built narrow seats and aisles, and was applied to three GE-engined 777-200ERs used predominantly on Caribbean routes, but sometimes flown to and from Florida. Since BA piloted this development, the configuration has been emulated by Emirates Airline , Air France , KLM and China Southern Airlines . British Airways has since removed this unpopular configuration, returning to standard nine abreast seating.", "precise_score": -8.981040000915527, "rough_score": -7.128159999847412, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airlines", "passage": "By the early 1920s, small airlines were struggling to compete, and there was a movement towards increased rationalization and consolidation. In 1924, Imperial Airways was formed from the merger of Instone Air Line Company, British Marine Air Navigation, Daimler Airway and Handley Page Transport Co Ltd., to allow British airlines to compete with stiff competition from French and German airlines that were enjoying heavy government subsidies. The airline was a pioneer in surveying and opening up air routes across the world to serve far-flung parts of the British Empire and to enhance trade and integration. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.466839790344238, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "There has also been a trend for these national airlines themselves to be privatized such as has occurred for Aer Lingus and British Airways. Other national airlines, including Italy's Alitalia, have suffered - particularly with the rapid increase of oil prices in early 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.517126083374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Each operator of a scheduled or charter flight uses an airline call sign when communicating with airports or air traffic control centres. Most of these call-signs are derived from the airline's trade name, but for reasons of history, marketing, or the need to reduce ambiguity in spoken English (so that pilots do not mistakenly make navigational decisions based on instructions issued to a different aircraft), some airlines and air forces use call-signs less obviously connected with their trading name. For example, British Airways uses a Speedbird call-sign, named after the logo of its predecessor, BOAC, while SkyEurope used Relax.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.732601165771484, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airline" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "A British Airways Board was established by the United Kingdom government in 1972 to manage the two nationalised airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European Airways, and two smaller, regional airlines, Cambrian Airways, from Cardiff, and Northeast Airlines, from Newcastle upon Tyne. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were merged to form British Airways. After almost 13 years as a state company, British Airways was privatised in February 1987 as part of a wider privatisation plan by the Conservative government. The carrier soon expanded with the acquisition of British Caledonian in 1987, followed by Dan-Air in 1992 and British Midland International in 2012.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.531238079071045, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways is a founding member of the Oneworld airline alliance, along with American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and the now defunct Canadian Airlines. The alliance has since grown to become the third-largest, after SkyTeam and Star Alliance. British Airways merged with Iberia on 21 January 2011, formally creating the International Airlines Group (IAG), the world's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe. IAG is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.214303016662598, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In January 1972, a British Airways Board was established by the United Kingdom government following the passing of the Civil Aviation Act of 1971, to manage British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA). On 1 September 1972 the management service functions of both BOAC and BEA were combined under the newly formed British Airways Group.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.372937202453613, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways was established as an airline on 31 March 1974 by the dissolution of BOAC and BEA. Following two years of fierce competition with British Caledonian, the second-largest airline in the United Kingdom at the time, the Government changed its aviation policy in 1976 so that the two carriers would no longer compete on long-haul routes. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.885061264038086, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways and Air France operated the supersonic airliner Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde, and the world's first supersonic passenger service flew in January 1976 from London Heathrow to Bahrain. Services to the US began on 24 May 1976 with a flight to Washington Dulles airport, and flights to New York JFK airport followed on 22 September 1977. Service to Singapore was established in co-operation with Singapore Airlines as a continuation of the flight to Bahrain. Following the Air France Concorde crash in Paris and a slump in air travel following the 11 September attacks in New York in 2001, it was decided to cease Concorde operations in 2003 after 27 years of service. The final commercial Concorde flight was BA002 from New York JFK to London Heathrow on 24 October 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.881951808929443, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The formation of Richard Branson's Virgin Atlantic Airways in 1984 created a competitor for BA. The intense rivalry between British Airways and Virgin Atlantic culminated in the former being sued for libel in 1993, arising from claims and counter claims over a \"dirty tricks\" campaign against Virgin. This campaign included allegations of poaching Virgin Atlantic customers, tampering with private files belonging to Virgin and undermining Virgin's reputation in the City. As a result of the case BA management apologised \"unreservedly\", and the company agreed to pay £110,000 damages to Virgin, £500,000 to Branson personally and £3 million legal costs. Lord King stepped down as chairman in 1993 and was replaced by his deputy, Colin Marshall, while Bob Ayling took over as CEO. Virgin filed a separate action in the US that same year regarding BA's domination of the trans-Atlantic routes, but it was thrown out in 1999.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.751381874084473, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways was the official airline partner of the London 2012 Olympic Games. On 18 May 2012 it flew the Olympic flame from Athens International Airport to RNAS Culdrose while carrying various dignitaries, including Lord Sebastian Coe, Princess Anne, the Olympics minister Hugh Robertson and the London Mayor Boris Johnson, along with the footballer David Beckham. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.415461540222168, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways is the largest airline based in the United Kingdom in terms of fleet size, international flights, and international destinations and was, until 2008, the largest airline by passenger numbers as well. The airline carried 34.6 million passengers in 2008, but rival carrier easyJet transported 44.5 million passengers that year, passing British Airways for the first time. British Airways holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, it is permitted to carry passengers, cargo, and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.910090446472168, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The airlines' head office, Waterside, stands in Harmondsworth, a village near London Heathrow Airport. Waterside was completed in June 1998 to replace British Airways' previous head office, Speedbird House, which was located on the grounds of Heathrow. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.165256023406982, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways' main base is at London Heathrow Airport, but it also has a major presence at Gatwick Airport. It also has a base at London City Airport (LCY), where its subsidiary BA CityFlyer is the largest operator. BA had previously operated a significant hub at Manchester Airport. Manchester to New York (JFK) services were withdrawn; later all international services outside London ceased when the subsidiary BA Connect was sold. Passengers wishing to travel internationally with BA either to or from regional UK destinations must now transfer in London. Heathrow Airport is dominated by British Airways, which owns 40% of the slots available at the airport. The majority of BA services operate from Terminal 5, with the exception of some short-haul and mid-haul flights at Terminal 1 arising from the purchase of BMI and some short-haul flights at Terminal 3, owing to a lack of capacity at Terminal 5. With the imminent opening of the brand-new Terminal 2 in 2014, Star Alliance airlines will progressively be moving all their services into the new terminal and Terminal 1 will be closed for demolition in due course. British Airways' services will then be concentrated in Terminals 3 and 5.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.313347816467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In March 2015, Qatar Airways purchased a 10% stake in International Airlines Group, the parent of British Airways and Iberia, for €1.2 billion (US$1.26 billion). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.555949211120605, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "With the creation of an Open Skies agreement between Europe and the United States in March 2008, British Airways started a new subsidiary airline called OpenSkies (previously known as \"Project Lauren\"). The airline started operations in June 2008, and now flies direct from Paris to New York's JFK and Newark airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.373820304870605, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways Limited was established in 2012 to take over the operation of the premium service between London City Airport and New York-JFK. BA began the service in September 2009, using two Airbus A318s fitted with 32 lie-flat beds in an all business class cabin. Flights operate under the numbers previously reserved for Concorde: BA001 — BA004. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.078529357910156, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways provides cargo services under the British Airways World Cargo brand. The division has been part of IAG Cargo since 2012, and is the world's twelfth-largest cargo airline based on total freight tonne-kilometres flown. BA World Cargo operates using the main BA fleet. Until the end of March 2014 they also operated three Boeing 747-8 freighter aircraft providing dedicated long-haul services under a wet lease arrangement from Global Supply Systems. The division operates an automated cargo centre at London Heathrow Airport and handles freight at Gatwick and Stansted airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.606069564819336, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The key trends for the British Airways Plc Group are shown below.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.811427116394043, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Staff working for British Airways are represented by a number of trade unions, pilots are represented by British Air Line Pilots' Association, cabin crew by British Airlines Stewards and Stewardesses Association (a branch of Unite the Union), while other branches of Unite the Union and the GMB Union represent other employees. Bob Ayling's management faced strike action by cabin crew over a £1 billion cost-cutting drive to return BA to profitability in 1997; this was the last time BA cabin crew would strike until 2009, although staff morale has reportedly been unstable since that incident. In an effort to increase interaction between management, employees, and the unions, various conferences and workshops have taken place, often with thousands in attendance. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.105426788330078, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 2005, wildcat action was taken by union members over a decision by Gate Gourmet not to renew the contracts of 670 workers and replace them with agency staff; it is estimated that the strike cost British Airways £30 million and caused disruption to 100,000 passengers. In October 2006, BA became involved in a civil rights dispute when a Christian employee was forbidden to wear a necklace bearing the cross, a religious symbol. BA's practice of forbidding such symbols has been publicly questioned by British politicians such as the former Home Secretary John Reid and the former Foreign Secretary Jack Straw. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.841984748840332, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Relations have been turbulent between BA and Unite. In 2007, cabin crew threatened strike action over salary changes to be imposed by BA management. The strike was called off at the last minute, British Airways losing £80 million. In December 2009, a ballot for strike action over Christmas received a high level of support, action was blocked by a court injunction that deemed the ballot illegal. Negotiations failed to stop strike action in March, BA withdrew perks for strike participants. Allegations were made by the Guardian newspaper that BA had consulted outside firms methods to undermine the unions, the story was later withdrawn. A strike was announced for May 2010, British Airways again sought an injunction. Members of the Socialist Workers Party disrupted negotiations between BA management and Unite to prevent industrial action. Further disruption struck when Derek Simpson, a Unite co-leader, was discovered to have leaked details of confidential negotiations online via Twitter. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.878671646118164, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways serves over 160 destinations, including six domestic. It is one of the few airlines to fly to all six permanently inhabited continents, along with Air China, Delta Air Lines, Emirates, Etihad Airways, Korean Air, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Singapore Airlines, South African Airways, United Airlines and Air Canada.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.235040664672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways has codeshare agreements and/or partnerships with the following airlines: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.82284164428711, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways is a member and one of the founders of Oneworld Global Alliance.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.532367706298828, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "With the exception of the Boeing 707 and early Boeing 747 variants from BOAC, British Airways inherited a mainly UK-built fleet of aircraft when it was formed in 1974. The airline introduced the Boeing 737 and Boeing 757 into the fleet in the 1980s, followed by the Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777 in the 1990s. BA is now the largest operator of Boeing 747-400s, with 57 in its fleet. Prior to the introduction of the 787, when Boeing built an aircraft for British Airways, it was allocated the customer code 36, which appeared in their aircraft designation as a suffix, such as 737–436. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.399965286254883, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 1991, British Airways placed its first order for 777-200 aircraft, ordering another four for fleet expansion in 2007 at a cost of around US$800 million. BA's first 777s were fitted with General Electric GE90 engines, but BA switched to Rolls-Royce Trent 800s for subsequent aircraft. A BA Boeing 777-200 became the fastest subsonic New York to London flight at 5 hours and 16 minutes in January 2015 due to strong winds. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.9562811851501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Later in 2007, BA announced their order of thirty-six new long-haul aircraft, including twelve Airbus A380s and twenty-four Boeing 787 Dreamliners. Rolls-Royce Trent engines were again selected for both orders with Trent 900s powering the A380s and Trent 1000s powering the 787s. The Boeing 787s will replace 14 of British Airways' Boeing 767 fleet, while the Airbus A380s will replace 20 of BA's Boeing 747-400s and will most likely be used to increase capacity on key routes from London Heathrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.120226860046387, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On 1 August 2008, BA announced orders for six Boeing 777-300ERs and options for four more as an interim measure to cover for delays over the deliveries of their 787-8/9s. Of the six that have been ordered, four will be leased and two will be fully acquired by British Airways. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.469435691833496, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On 22 April 2013, IAG confirmed that it had signed a memorandum of understanding to order 18 A350-1000 aircraft for British Airways, with an option for a further 18. The aircraft would replace some of the airline's fleet of Boeing 747-400s. Options for 18 Boeing 787 aircraft, part of the original contract signed in 2007, have been converted into firm orders for delivery between 2017 and 2021. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.826833724975586, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On 26 June 2013, British Airways took delivery of its first 787s. The aircraft began operations to Toronto on 1 September 2013, and began service to Newark on 1 October 2013. BA's first A380 was delivered on 4 July 2013. It began regular services to Los Angeles on 24 September 2013, followed by Hong Kong on 22 October 2013. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.69434928894043, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "As of July 2016, the British Airways fleet is made up of the following registered aircraft (including non-operational aircraft): ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.332662582397461, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "IAG's cargo division, IAG Cargo, handles cargo operations using capacity on British Airways' passenger aircraft. IAG reached an agreement with Qatar Airways in 2014 to operate flights for IAG Cargo using Boeing 777F of Qatar Airways Cargo. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.727100372314453, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways Engineering", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.618691444396973, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways purchased the internet domain ba.com in 2002 from previous owner Bell Atlantic, 'BA' being the company's acronym and its IATA Airline code. In 2011 BA launched its biggest advertising campaign in a decade, including a 90-second cinematic advert celebrating the airline's ninety-year heritage and a new slogan \"To Fly. To Serve\". ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.025541305541992, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways is the official airline of the Wimbledon Championship tennis tournament, and was the official airline and tier one partner of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. British Airways was also the official airline of England's bid to host the 2018 Football World Cup. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.997446060180664, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways' tiered loyalty programme, called the Executive Club, includes access to special lounges and dedicated \"fast\" queues.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.747210502624512, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": " BA also invites its top corporate accounts to join a \"Premier\" incentive programme. British Airways operates airside lounges for passengers travelling in premium cabins, and these are available to certain tiers of Executive Club members. First class passengers, as well as Gold Executive Club members, are entitled to use First Class Lounges. Business class passengers (called Club World or Club Europe in BA terms) as well as Silver Executive Club members may use Business lounges. At airports in which BA does not operate a departure lounge, a third party lounge is often provided for premium or status passengers. In 2011, due to the merger with Iberia, British Airways announced changes to the Executive Club to maximise integration between the airlines. This included the combination and rebranding of Air Miles, BA Miles and Iberia Plus points as the IAG operated loyalty programme Avios.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.385404586791992, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "high life Magazine is the name for British Airways' complimentary inflight magazine. The magazine is available to all customers across all cabins and aircraft types.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.970714569091797, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "high life shop Magazine is the name for British Airways' inflight shopping magazine. The magazine is available to all customers on all aircraft where the inflight shopping range can be carried.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.114307403564453, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Business life is the name of the complimentary magazine targeted towards the business traveller and frequent flyers of British Airways. The magazine can be found in all short haul aircraft seat pockets, in the magazine selection for Club World customers and in British Airways operated lounges.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.380407333374023, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "UK Domestic is British Airways' economy class on domestic UK flights. Flights into Heathrow are mostly operated by Airbus A320 series aircraft – a small number of peak services to Glasgow and Edinburgh are operated by Boeing 767-300ERs configured in an all-economy layout. Flights into Gatwick are operated by Airbus A320 series aircraft in a one-class configuration. On flights departing before 09:30 a complimentary hot breakfast item is served with orange juice and tea or coffee. For all flights departing after 09:30 a complimentary bar service is offered along with a light snack item.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.73565673828125, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Euro Traveller is British Airways' economy class offering on flights from the UK to the rest of Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.757768630981445, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "Club Europe", "passage": "Club Europe is the short-haul business class on all short-haul flights (excluding those within the UK). This class allows for access to business lounges at most airports. Club Europe provides seats in a 2–2 configuration on narrowbody aircraft, with the middle seat not used. Instead, a table folds up from under the middle seat on refurbished aircraft. Pillows and blankets are available on longer flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.922165870666504, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In 2012, British Airways launched a new mid-haul product for the Airbus A321s on routes formerly operated by BMI. These aircraft have been designated to serve routes such as Almaty, Tbilisi, Baku, Cairo, Amman, Beirut and Tel Aviv.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.038156509399414, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "Club World", "passage": "The Club World business class on these narrowbody aircraft is slightly different from the product operated on the rest of the long-haul fleet: An alternating 1:2 / 2:1 configuration of 23 seats is used in the front section of the aircraft. The full Club World bar and main meal service is offered. Larger individual LCD TV screens are fitted to each seat back.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.383358001708984, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Dedicated British Airways 'Galleries First' lounges are available at some airports. The exclusive 'Concorde Room' lounges at Heathrow Terminal 5 and New York JFK airports extend the offering with waiter service pre-flight dining and more intimate space. Business lounges are used where these are not available.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.996599197387695, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Club World is the long-haul business class, and is offered on all long-haul configured Boeing 767, Boeing 777, Boeing 787, Boeing 747-400, Airbus A318 and A380 aircraft. The cabin features fully flat beds. In 2006 British Airways launched Next Generation New Club World, featuring larger seats. The Club World cabins are all configured in a similar design on widebody aircraft with aisle seats facing forwards while middle seats and window seats face backwards (British Airways is one of only three carriers with backwards facing Business class seats; American Airlines and United Airlines are the others).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.184671401977539, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* In November 1974, British Airways Flight 870 was hijacked shortly after take-off from Dubai for London Heathrow, The Vickers VC10 landed at Tripoli for refuelling before flying on to Tunis. The captain, Jim Futcher, returned to the aircraft to fly it knowing the hijackers were on board. The hijackers eventually surrendered after 84 hours, but not before a hostage was murdered. Futcher was awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal, the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Founders Medal, the British Air Line Pilots Association Gold Medal and a Certificate of Commendation from British Airways for his actions during the hijacking. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.927644729614258, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 10 September 1976, a Trident 3B on British Airways Flight 476 departed from London Heathrow to Istanbul. It collided in mid-air with an Inex Adria DC9-31 near Zagreb. All 54 passengers and 9 crew members on the BA aircraft died. This is the only fatal accident to a British Airways aircraft since the company's formation in 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.064984321594238, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 24 June 1982, British Airways Flight 9, a Boeing 747-200 registration G-BDXH, flew through a cloud of volcanic ash and dust from the eruption of Mount Galunggung. The ash and dust caused extensive damage to the aircraft, including the failure of all four engines. The crew managed to glide the plane out of the dust cloud and restart all four of its engines, although one later had to be shut down again. The volcanic ash caused the cockpit window to be scratched to such an extent that it was difficult for the pilots to see out of the plane. However, the aircraft made a successful emergency landing at Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport just outside Jakarta. There were no fatalities or injuries. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.902917861938477, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 10 June 1990, British Airways Flight 5390, a BAC One-Eleven flight between Birmingham and Málaga, suffered a windscreen blowout due to the fitting of incorrect bolts the previous day. The Captain, Tim Lancaster, suffered major injuries after being partially blown out of the aircraft, but the co-pilot landed the plane safely at Southampton Airport. Despite the physical trauma he suffered, Lancaster fully recovered, and five months later he returned to duty. The co-pilot never returned to flying due to the trauma he sustained.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.304706573486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 2 August 1990, British Airways Flight 149 landed at Kuwait International Airport four hours after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. The aircraft, a Boeing 747-100 G-AWND, was destroyed, and all passengers and crew were captured. Two of the landing gears were salvaged, and are on display in Waterside, BA Headquarters in London. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.417961120605469, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 29 December 2000, British Airways Flight 2069 was en route from London to Nairobi when a mentally-ill passenger entered the cockpit and grabbed the controls. As the pilots struggled to remove the intruder, the Boeing 747-400 stalled twice and banked to 94 degrees. Several people on board were injured by the violent manoeuvres, which briefly caused the aircraft to descend at 30,000 ft per minute. The man was finally restrained with the help of several passengers, and the co-pilot regained control of the aircraft. The flight landed safely in Nairobi.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.777181625366211, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 17 January 2008, British Airways Flight 38, a Boeing 777-200ER G-YMMM, from Beijing to London crash-landed approximately 1000 ft short of London Heathrow Airport's runway 27L, and slid onto the runway's displaced threshold. The aircraft sustained damage to its landing gear, wing roots and engines, resulting in the first hull loss of a Boeing 777. There were no fatalities, but there was one serious injury and 12 minor injuries. The accident was caused by icing in the fuel system, resulting in a loss of power.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.447075843811035, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 22 December 2013, British Airways Flight 34, a Boeing 747–436 G-BNLL, hit a building at O. R. Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg after missing a turning on a taxiway. The starboard wing was severely damaged but there were no injuries amongst the crew or 189 passengers, however four members of ground staff were injured when the wing smashed into the building. The aircraft was officially withdrawn from service in February 2014.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.28359603881836, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "* On 8 September 2015, British Airways Flight 2276, a Boeing 777-236ER G-VIIO, aborted its takeoff at Las Vegas McCarran International Airport due to the uncontained engine failure of its left (#1) General Electric GE90 engine, which led to a substantial fire. The aircraft was evacuated on the main runway. All 157 passengers and 13 crew escaped the aircraft, at least 14 people sustaining minor injuries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.307870864868164, "source": "wiki", "title": "British Airways" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its imperial origins | Daily Mail Online", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.657747268676758, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "After a crippling 18 months of cabin crew strikes and the fall-out from terror attacks in 2001, British Airways says it is now ready to put a turbulent decade behind it and look to the future by starting ‘a new chapter’ .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.259493827819824, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Modern: A British Airways 747 Jumbo Jet will also feature", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.73906135559082, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "1974: BOAC and BEA are merged and nationalised to form British Airways.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.001115798950195, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "1987: British Airways is privatised. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.201001167297363, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "2000: BA introduces the world’s first fully flat bed in business class as modeled by British Airways Chief Executive Willie Walsh (pictured).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.269326210021973, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "2011: In January this year British Airways merges with Spanish airline Iberia to form the International Airlines Group (IAG). British Airways and Iberia become the first of an expected growing family of airlines to be accommodated within the umbrella of the IAG parent company.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.20599365234375, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Launching the centrepiece advert at the headquarters of the British Academy of British Television Arts (BAFTA), BA’s chief executive officer Keith Williams said: ‘It represents the opening of a new chapter for British Airways.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.925419807434082, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "'We have experienced record oil prices and the deepest recession since the 1930s. But British Airways has emerged from it all in good condition.’", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13202953338623, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways passengers breathed a sigh of relief in June when the marathon 18-month cabin crew dispute finally ended.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.972912788391113, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Thousands of British Airways staff took part in 22 days of strikes last year, which cost BA £150 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.90150260925293, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Controversy: Members of the Unite Union gather amid the British Airways cabin crew strikes in 2010", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.842891693115234, "source": "search", "title": "Airways relaunches itself with new slogan that nods to its ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.576944351196289, "source": "search", "title": "Airline logo designs - Logo Design Love | on logos and ..." }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways | Logopedia | Fandom powered by Wikia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96284008026123, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways - Logopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways was formed in 1973 through the merger of BOAC and British European Airways . However, BOAC and BEA had already started phasing in the new identity by then. The logo, identity and livery was created by Negus & Negus and presented in 1973. Also part of the identity was a part of the Union jack that could be found a the tailfin of the planes. As a result of pressure from BOAC employees, the speedbird that was part of BOAC's identity was retained and put at the front of the planes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.883157253265381, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways - Logopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways livery. Author: Bernard Lafond", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.414237022399902, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways - Logopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The new livery featured three colours, which were called pearl grey, midnight blue and brilliant red. Many aspects of the Negus livery were kept. Although the shades were different, the lower part of the fuselage remained blue and the upper part had a slight colour change from white to \"pearl grey\". The part of the Union Jack that was on the lower part of the tailfin was also retained, while the upper part of the tailfin was changed to blue and emblazoned with British Airways' coat of arms. The font of the name was also changed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.04719066619873, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways - Logopedia - Wikia" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.949694633483887, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Top rankings for British Airways", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.170489311218262, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": ". British Airways has discontinued all direct overseas flights from UK airports other than Heathrow, Gatwick and London City Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.832098007202148, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The British Airways Group was formed on 1 September 1974 through nationalisation by the Labour Government of the time. BA was formed from two large London-based airlines, BOAC and BEA , and two much smaller regional airlines, Cambrian Airways Cardiff", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.778877258300781, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The formation of Richard Branson 's Virgin Atlantic Airways in 1984 began a tense relationship with BA. In 1993, the fierce rivalry led to \"one of the most bitter and protracted libel actions in aviation history\" in which British Airways apologised \"unreservedly\" for a “dirty tricks” campaign against Virgin leading to them paying damages and legal costs. Until 2008 British Airways was the largest airline of the UK, measured by passenger numbers. In 2008 the airline carried 35.7 million passengers. Rival UK carrier EasyJet carried 44.5 million passengers in the same year, taking the title from British Airways.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.897068500518799, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index . On 31 March 2009 the airline celebrated its 35th anniversary.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.827072143554688, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On 12 November 2009, British Airways confirmed that it had reached a preliminary agreement to merge with Iberia Airlines . The combined airline will become the world's third-largest carrier (after Delta Air Lines and American Airlines ) in terms of annual revenue.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.731866836547852, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways (BA) was created in 1972, when the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways Corporation (BEA) managements were combined under the newly formed British Airways Board. This effectively made British Airways into the national airline for the United Kingdom and due to the lack of competition, the new company began to exert its position and significance. BA was one of only two airlines to operate the supersonic Aerospatiale-BAC Concorde ; inaugurating the world's first supersonic passenger service in January 1976. The final commercial Concorde flight from New York to London was on 24 October 2003.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.596782684326172, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "In September 2005, new CEO Willie Walsh , former Aer Lingus boss, took charge of the company. In January 2008, BA unveiled its new subsidiary OpenSkies which takes advantage of the liberalisation of transatlantic traffic rights, and flies non-stop between major European cities and the United States. On 30 July 2008, British Airways and Iberia Airlines announced a merger plan that would result in the two airlines joining forces in an all-stock transaction. The two airlines would retain their separate brands similar to KLM and Air France in their merger agreement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.688648223876953, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways serves nearly 150 destinations, including 6 domestic. Along with Delta Air Lines , Emirates , Korean Air , Malaysia Airlines , Qantas and South African Airways - is one of only seven airlines that fly to all six inhabited continents.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.116912841796875, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "With the exception of the Boeing 707 and Boeing 747 from BOAC, the airline as formed in 1972-4 inherited a mainly UK-built fleet of aircraft. The airline introduced the Boeing 737 and Boeing 757 into the fleet in the 1980s, followed by the Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777 in the nineties. However, with the exception of 29 of its 777 fleet, it has often equipped its aircraft with British-made Rolls-Royce engines, examples including the Trent 800 on its Boeing 777s, the RB211-524 on its 747-400s and 767s, and RB211-535s on its 757-200s. Boeing-built aircraft for British Airways are allocated the customer code 36, which appears in their aircraft designation as a suffix, such as 737-436, 747-436, 777-236.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.539729118347168, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Although it had a large Boeing fleet it has always operated other aircraft. British built aircraft were transferred from BEA (e.g. Trident) and BOAC (e.g. VC10 ), and in the 1980s the airline bought the Lockheed L-1011 . It has also acquired through the buyout of British Caledonian Airways in the 1980s the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Airbus A320. In the late 1990s British Airways placed its own first direct Airbus order, for over 100 A320/A319s to replace its own aging fleet of Boeing 737s. In September 2007 BA placed its first order for long-haul Airbus jets, 12 Airbus A380s with 7 options.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.181182861328125, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The British Airways fleet includes the following aircraft in September 2009:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.634928703308105, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways Fleet", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.484408378601074, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways has 32 outstanding options with Airbus, which may be taken as any member of the A320 family. Secured delivery positions on 10 Boeing 777 aircraft are held.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.24095630645752, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "On 27 March 2007, British Airways placed a firm order for four 777-200ER aircraft with an option for four more, with the order totalling more than US$800 million at list price. The company has stated that these are for fleet expansion. BA's first batch of 777 were fitted with General Electric GE90 engines, but BA switched to Rolls-Royce Trent 800s for the most recent 16 aircraft. This has been continued with the most recent four orders as Trent 800 engines were selected as the engine choice.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.398612976074219, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Online, the value of the British Airways Brand was pushed in 2002 as that the company was able to buy its acronym,and its IATA Airline code the letters \"BA\" as their internet domain ba.com. The domain was previously owned by Bell Atlantic . Only four Airlines (AA, BA, LH, RJ, XL) and few companies own a two-letter domain name.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.787322998046875, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways is the official airline of the Wimbledon Championship tennis tournament", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.432188987731934, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Club Europe is the short-haul business class product offered by British Airways on all short-haul flights (except within the UK). Passengers have access to business lounges at most airports and are also served a full English breakfast in the mornings or 'extended breakfast' on later flights (ham, salami etc) and afternoon tea later in the day. Seat pitch is 31\" on most aircraft, but on the Boeing 757 fleet it is 36-37\". Club Europe currently offers the same number of seats across as Euro Traveller but the middle seats are kept free. Starting 2 September 2009, Club Europe has seats in a 2-3 configuration on narrow-body aircraft - this change is being implelented progressively across the fleet. The middle seat is also kept free. Club Europe was originally lanuched on the 5 Janaury 1988 along with Club World.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.04665756225586, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "FIRST is the long-haul first class product on British Airways and is offered only on BA's Boeing 747 and Boeing 777 aircraft. There are 14 private \"demi-cabins\" with beds, in-seat power for laptops, personal phones, and entertainment facilities. Menus are upgraded from Club World and offer greater choice and quality. Some airports boast dedicated First check-in desks but in airports without a dedicated First check-in, passengers use Club World check-in. BA have announced that a long-awaited upgrade to the First cabin will be installed in September 2009, with a minor refresh taking place immediately. This has also seen the introduction of a private concierge service provided by Quintessentially. The last major First cabin update was back in 1996.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.265379905700684, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Club World is the long-haul business class product of British Airways. Passengers have access to business lounges at most airports and an arrivals lounge at Heathrow Terminal 5. On 13 November 2006, British Airways launched a new Club World service (termed Next Generation New Club World), offering larger seats and a service revamp. The Club World service provides a wide, long fully flat bed ( long in Next Generation New Club World cabins when in Z-bed position, which is not fully flat, the flat bed is still 6 feet), with 24 seats on the 767-300ER (New Club World), either 40 or 48 seats on the 777-200 (New Club World), and, since 2007, either 52 or 70 seats on the 747-400 (Next Generation New Club World). Club World was originally launched on the 5 Janaury 1988 along with the original Club Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.755398750305176, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "World Traveller and World Traveller Plus are the two main economy classes offered internationally on British Airways. World Traveller is standard economy and offers a 31\" seat pitch. World Traveller also offers seat-back entertainment systems, free meals and drinks and a fully adjustable headrest. World Traveller Plus is British Airways' premium economy offering and, in comparison to World Traveller, boasts a larger (38\") seat pitch, fewer seats abreast, two armrests per seat, added recline and in-seat laptop power. World Traveller Plus is situated in a separate cabin from World Traveller and in a quieter location in the aircraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.479366302490234, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways operate different types of lounge for passengers travelling in the premium cabins and passengers with status. The Concorde Room at New York JFK", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.700552940368652, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Executive Club", "passage": "Terminal 7 will be refurbished to the same standard as the Concorde Room at Heathrow Terminal 5A. First lounges are being replaced by Galleries First lounges. Terraces and Executive Club lounges are being replaced by Galleries Club lounges. The Gate 1 lounge at Heathrow Terminal 4 will be closed when the three remaining BA long-haul services move to Heathrow Terminal 3 on 29 October 2009. At the same time, a new Galleries First lounge will open in Heathrow Terminal 3 to complement the existing Galleries Club lounge.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.795162200927734, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways holds a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Type A Operating Licence, and is permitted to carry passengers, cargo and mail on aircraft with 20 or more seats.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.231098175048828, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": ". However, this was stopped when British Airways sold their sub company, BA Connect, in common with operations from other UK airports, which are now served only as spokes from the London hubs. BA has succeeded in dominating Heathrow to the point that the airport is commonly referred to as Fortress Heathrow within both the airline and its competitors.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.534412384033203, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "As an incumbent airline, BA had grandfather clause to around 40% of all landing and taking off flight slots at Heathrow, many of which are used for the lucrative trans-Atlantic market. Some competitors, such as Virgin Atlantic and bmi, assert that this stifles competition and some political think-tanks recommend an auction of slots. In recent years British Airways has been buying slots from other airlines including United Airlines , bmi , Brussels Airlines and Swiss International Air Lines , and now owns about 40% of slots at Heathrow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.458697319030762, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "Despite being the National Carrier of the United Kingdom, British Airways does not operate flights to or from Wales", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.351499557495117, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "and services to all airports 'north of Watford Gap' were severely truncated in March 2007. On 27 March 2008, BA moved almost half of their Heathrow operating staff, equipment, and aircraft to the new Terminal 5. All BA flights will operate out of T5 by late 2009, except some service flights which will operate out of Terminal 3. T3 British Airways operations include long-haul codeshare flights and the European flights which are operated by Boeing 757 aircraft.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.611662864685059, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": ". With the creation of OpenSkies between Europe and the United States in March 2008, British Airways has a new subsidiary airline called OpenSkies (previously codenamed \"Project Lauren\"). The airline started operations in June 2008, and now flies from Paris to New York, JFK Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.60638427734375, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The former BEA Helicopters was renamed British Airways Helicopters in 1974 and operated passenger and offshore oil support services until it was sold in 1986.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.340764045715332, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "BA owns a 13.5% stake in Spanish airline Iberia. It raised its stake in Iberia from 9% to 10% by purchasing American Airlines' remaining shares. BA increased this further in March 2008 to a 13.5% stake, giving British Airways the right to appoint two board members. On 30 July 2008, British Airways and Iberia announced a merger plan that would result in the two airlines joining forces in an all-stock transaction. The two airlines would retain their separate brands similar to KLM and Air France in their merger agreement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.997353553771973, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "BA is, through its subsidiary British Airways World Cargo, the world's twelfth-largest cargo airline based on total freight tonne-kilometers flown. BA World Cargo has global freight opportunities through the British Airways flight routes. In addition to the main fleet, BA World Cargo wet lease three Boeing 747-400F aircraft from Global Supply Systems on a multi-year basis, as well as utilising space on dedicated freighters operated by other carriers. Dedicated freighter services gives British Airways World Cargo the opportunity to service destinations that are not available on their passenger route network.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.647674560546875, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways opened a World Cargo centre at Heathrow in the late 1990s. As an advanced automated freight handling centre, it can handle unusual and premium cargo, and fresh produce, of which it handles over 80,000 tons per year. BA World Cargo also handles freight at London's Gatwick and Stansted airports, and, through its partner British Airways Regional Cargo, at all of the main regional airports throughout the UK.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.284518241882324, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "British Airways Executive Club logo", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.823249816894531, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Executive Club", "passage": "Executive Club", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.418975830078125, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "British Airways", "passage": "The Executive Club is British Airways' main frequent flyer programme. It is part of the network of frequent flyer programmes in the Oneworld alliance. The Executive Club has three tiers of membership: Blue, Silver, Gold. The benefits of the Silver and Gold cards include access to airport lounges and dedicated reservation lines. Unlike most airlines' frequent flyer programmes, the Executive Club keeps separate account of the redeemable BA Miles and the loyalty Tier Points. Flying in higher Classes of Service, i.e. Premium Economy, Business or First, will earn extra BA Miles and Tier Points. As of August 2009, Tier Points can be earned on any flight, including discounted economy fares.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.617897033691406, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Executive Club", "passage": "Discounted economy fares will only earn 25% BA Miles. Membership of the Executive Club will be extended annually upon attaining the relevant number of Tier Points. For instance, to maintain the Silver Executive Club will require 4 Premium Economy Returns between the UK and the US Eastern Seaboard.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.47677230834961, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" }, { "answer": "Executive Club", "passage": "BA operates an invitation-only Premier programme which gives more benefits than the Executive Club Gold Card scheme. It is given only by the BA board and has 1,200 members.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.370346069335938, "source": "search", "title": "British Airways : Map (The Full Wiki)" } ]

[ { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "Born in the city of Frankfurt, Germany, she lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Born a German national, Frank lost her citizenship in 1941 and thus became stateless. The Frank family moved from Germany to Amsterdam in the early 1930s when the Nazis gained control over Germany. By May 1940, they were trapped in Amsterdam by the German occupation of the Netherlands. As persecutions of the Jewish population increased in July 1942, the family went into hiding in some concealed rooms behind a bookcase in the building where Anne's father worked. In August 1944, the group was betrayed and transported to concentration camps. Anne and her sister, Margot, were eventually transferred to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they died (probably of typhus) in February or March 1945, just weeks before the camp was liberated in April.", "precise_score": 6.536964416503906, "rough_score": 6.323864459991455, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anne Frank" }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "On 28 October, selections began for women to be relocated to Bergen-Belsen. More than 8,000 women, including Anne and Margot Frank, and Auguste van Pels, were transported. Edith Frank was left behind and later died from starvation. Tents were erected at Bergen-Belsen to accommodate the influx of prisoners, and as the population rose, the death toll due to disease increased rapidly. Frank was briefly reunited with two friends, Hanneli Goslar and Nanette Blitz, who were confined in another section of the camp. Goslar and Blitz survived the war, and later discussed the brief conversations they had conducted with Frank through a fence. Blitz described Anne as bald, emaciated, and shivering. Goslar noted Auguste van Pels was with Anne and Margot Frank, and was caring for Margot, who was severely ill. Neither of them saw Margot, as she was too weak to leave her bunk. Anne told Blitz and Goslar she believed her parents were dead, and for that reason she did not wish to live any longer. Goslar later estimated their meetings had taken place in late January or early February 1945.", "precise_score": 5.282773017883301, "rough_score": 4.5082879066467285, "source": "wiki", "title": "Anne Frank" }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "After their arrest, the Franks, Van Pels and Fritz Pfeffer were sent by the Gestapo to Westerbork, a holding camp in the northern Netherlands. From there, in September 1944, the group was transported by freight train to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination and concentration camp complex in German-occupied Poland. Anne and Margot Frank were spared immediate death in the Auschwitz gas chambers and instead were sent to Bergen-Belsen, a concentration camp in northern Germany. In March 1945, the Frank sisters died of typhus at Bergen-Belsen; their bodies were thrown into a mass grave. Several weeks later, on April 15, 1945, British forces liberated the camp.", "precise_score": 7.214714050292969, "rough_score": 4.555922031402588, "source": "search", "title": "Anne Frank - World War II - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "In October 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, were sent to Bergen-Belsen. The camp was extremely overcrowded; the conditions were terrible. Anne and her sister both died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945. Anne had lived until she was 15 years old.", "precise_score": 7.159894943237305, "rough_score": 4.299928188323975, "source": "search", "title": "Who was Anne Frank? - Anne Franks Diary - Key Stage 3 ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "In October 1944 Anne and her sister, Margot, were sent to Bergen-Belsen. The camp was extremely overcrowded; the conditions were terrible. Anne and her sister both died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 4.107593059539795, "source": "search", "title": "Who was Anne Frank? - Anne Franks Diary - Key Stage 3 ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "Margot and Anne in Bergen-Belsen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.816106796264648, "source": "search", "title": "The story of Anne Frank: The fate of the women from the ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "Bergen-Belsen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.468055725097656, "source": "search", "title": "The story of Anne Frank: The fate of the women from the ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": ". More and more prisoners are being sent to Bergen-Belsen from the other concentration camps. The camp is already much too full when their transport gets there, so the new women are placed in tents. A few days later the tents are destroyed in a heavy storm. These prisoners must then find a space in one of the already overcrowded barracks.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.345775604248047, "source": "search", "title": "The story of Anne Frank: The fate of the women from the ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "Prisoners in Bergen-Belsen", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.453789710998535, "source": "search", "title": "The story of Anne Frank: The fate of the women from the ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "is probably also among these prisoners. She is reunited with Margot and Anne. Though after a few months she must leave Bergen-Belsen again and is moved to Raguhn, which is part of the concentration camp at Buchenwald. From Raguhn she is sent to the camp at Theresienstadt. During that journey, between 9 April and 8 May 1945, Auguste van Pels is murdered.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.295873641967773, "source": "search", "title": "The story of Anne Frank: The fate of the women from the ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "In the winter of 1944-1945, the situation at Bergen-Belsen deteriorates. There is little or no food and the sanitary conditions are dreadful. Many of the prisoners become ill. Margot and Anne Frank come down with typhus. They both die just weeks before the camp is liberated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2438992261886597, "source": "search", "title": "The story of Anne Frank: The fate of the women from the ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "4. Anne died in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, but not in the gas chambers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2239137887954712, "source": "search", "title": "10 Things to Know About Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young ..." }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "At the age of 100, remembering the horrors of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.38742446899414, "source": "search", "title": "\"I Saw Anne Frank Die\" - Jewish Holidays" }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "I was born in Germany in 1897, got married and had two children in the 1920s. Then Hitler came to power, and like many other Jews, we fled to Holland. As the Nazis closed in, we sent one daughter abroad with relatives and the other into hiding with my sister and her children in The Hague. My husband and I could not hide so easily, and in 1941 we were sent first to Westerbork, a transit camp where we stayed about a year, and later to Bergen-Belsen, a work and transit camp, from where thousands of innocent people were sent to extermination camps. There were no ovens at Bergen-Belsen; instead the Nazis killed us with starvation and disease. My husband and brother both died there. I stayed for about three years before it was liberated in the spring of 1945. When I went in, I weighed more than 125 pounds. When I left, I weighed 78.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.557046890258789, "source": "search", "title": "\"I Saw Anne Frank Die\" - Jewish Holidays" }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "After I arrived at the Bergen-Belsen barracks, I was told I was to be the barracks leader. I said, “I’m not strong enough to be barracks leader.” They said that would be disobeying a command. I was terrified of this order, but had no choice. It turned out that the Nazi commandant of the camp was from my home town in Germany and had studied with my uncle in Strasbourg. This coincidence probably helped save my life. He asked to talk to me privately and wanted to know what I had heard of my uncle. I said I wanted to leave Bergen-Belsen, maybe go to Palestine. The commandant said, “If I could help you, I would, but I would lose my head.” About once every three weeks, he would ask to see me. I was always afraid. It was very dangerous. Jews were often shot over nothing. After the war, I heard he had committed suicide.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.037179946899414, "source": "search", "title": "\"I Saw Anne Frank Die\" - Jewish Holidays" }, { "answer": "Belsen", "passage": "I have a dim memory of Anne Frank speaking of her father. She was a nice, fine person. She would say to me, “Irma, I am very sick.” I said, “No, you are not so sick.” She wanted to be reassured that she wasn’t. When she slipped into a coma, I took her in my arms. She didn’t know that she was dying. She didn’t know that she was so sick. You never know. At Bergen-Belsen, you did not have feelings anymore. You became paralyzed. In all the years since, I almost never talked about Bergen-Belsen. I couldn’t. It was too much.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.983151912689209, "source": "search", "title": "\"I Saw Anne Frank Die\" - Jewish Holidays" } ]

[ { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "A psychiatrist is a man who goes to the Folies Bergere and looks at the audience.", "precise_score": 1.9784138202667236, "rough_score": -3.1894445419311523, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "\"A psychiatrist is a man who goes to the Folies Bergère and looks at the audience.\" [Anglican Bishop Mervyn Stockwood, 1961]", "precise_score": 6.715408802032471, "rough_score": 7.299245834350586, "source": "search", "title": "Logos" }, { "answer": "The Psychiatrist", "passage": "A guy walks into the psychiatrist wearing only Clingfilm for shorts. The shrink says, \"Well, I can clearly see you're nuts.\"", "precise_score": -10.81723403930664, "rough_score": -10.742244720458984, "source": "search", "title": "The Jacana Curmudgeon - . Jacana Enterprises for Quality ..." }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "A neurotic is the man who builds a castle in the air.A psychotic is the man who lives in it.And a psychiatristis the man who collects the rent. is simply “an indisposed eccentric.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.289582252502441, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "One should only see a psychiatrist out of boredom.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.140873908996582, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "According to the sage, an internist knows everything and does nothing, a surgeon does everything and knows nothing, and a psychiatrist knows nothing and does nothing.Only a pathologist knows everything and does everything…too late.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.245497703552246, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "A psychiatrist is a fellow who asks you a lot of expensive questions your wife asks for nothing.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.443551063537598, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "You go to a psychiatrist when you’re slightly crackedand keep going until you’re completely broke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.357455253601074, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "Anyone who goes to a psychiatrist ought to have his head examined.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201534271240234, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "The Psychiatrist", "passage": "There was a loud rap on the door and the psychiatrist hurried to answer it.”Doc,” said a frightened voice.”I must speak to you about my brother.He break thermometers, drinks the mercury and throws the glass away.”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.192448616027832, "source": "search", "title": "Jokes Noop » Doctors" }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "I do not have a psychiatrist and I do not want one, for the simple reason that if he listened to me long enough, he might become disturbed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.420194625854492, "source": "search", "title": "The Jacana Curmudgeon - . Jacana Enterprises for Quality ..." }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "A neurotic is a person who builds a castle in the air. A psychotic is the person who lives in it. A psychiatrist is the one who collects the rent.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.349806785583496, "source": "search", "title": "The Jacana Curmudgeon - . Jacana Enterprises for Quality ..." }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "Anyone who goes to a psychiatrist ought to have his head examined.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.201534271240234, "source": "search", "title": "The Jacana Curmudgeon - . Jacana Enterprises for Quality ..." }, { "answer": "A psychiatrist", "passage": "You go to a psychiatrist when you’re slightly cracked and keep going until you’re completely broke.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.380935668945312, "source": "search", "title": "The Jacana Curmudgeon - . Jacana Enterprises for Quality ..." } ]

[ { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "On 15 January 1973, Nixon announced the suspension of offensive action against North Vietnam. The Paris Peace Accords on \"Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam\" were signed on 27 January 1973, officially ending direct U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. A cease-fire was declared across North and South Vietnam. U.S. prisoners of war were released. The agreement guaranteed the territorial integrity of Vietnam and, like the Geneva Conference of 1954, called for national elections in the North and South. The Paris Peace Accords stipulated a sixty-day period for the total withdrawal of U.S. forces. \"This article\", noted Peter Church, \"proved… to be the only one of the Paris Agreements which was fully carried out.\" ", "precise_score": 4.883467674255371, "rough_score": 6.258312225341797, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Paris Peace Accords of January 27, 1973 intended to establish peace in Vietnam and an end to the Vietnam War. It ended direct U.S. military combat, and temporarily stopped the fighting between North and South Vietnam. The governments of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam), the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), and the United States, as well as the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) that represented indigenous South Vietnamese revolutionaries, signed the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam on January 27, 1973. The agreement was not ratified by the United States Senate. ", "precise_score": 6.052901268005371, "rough_score": 6.383419036865234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris Peace Accords" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The United States, South Vietnam, Viet Cong, and North Vietnam formally sign “An Agreement Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam” in Paris. Due to South Vietnam’s unwillingness to recognize the Viet Cong’s Provisional Revolutionary Government, all references to it were confined to a two-party version of the document signed by North Vietnam and the United States—the South Vietnamese were presented with a separate document that did not make reference to the Viet Cong government. This was part of Saigon’s long-time refusal to recognize the Viet Cong as a legitimate participant in the discussions to end the war.", "precise_score": 6.941114902496338, "rough_score": 3.3949975967407227, "source": "search", "title": "Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, signed in Paris and entered into force January 17, 1973.", "precise_score": 7.492586612701416, "rough_score": 6.51179838180542, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, signed in Paris and entered into force January 17, 1973.", "precise_score": 7.492586612701416, "rough_score": 6.51179838180542, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The basic elements of the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam—signed at the International Conference Center in Paris on 27 January 1973—provided for the end of the fighting and the withdrawal of American forces. The United States committed itself to ending all air and naval actions against North Vietnam and to dismantling or deactivating all mines in the waters of North Vietnam. Within two months after the signing of the agreement, all forces of the United States and of U.S. allies would depart Vietnam. The United States was barred from sending new war materials or supplies to South Vietnam and was required to dismantle all military bases there. The armed forces of the GVN and the NLF were allowed to remain where they were, but the cease-fire barred the introduction of new troops, military advisers, military personnel—including technical military personnel—armaments, munitions, and war material from North Vietnam or anywhere else. The disposition of Vietnamese armed forces in South Vietnam would be determined by the two South Vietnamese parties in a spirit of \"national reconciliation and concord.\" In addition, the accord required the return of all captured military personnel and foreign civilians during the same two-month period. The two South Vietnamese parties would handle the return of Vietnamese civilians. The United States and North Vietnam promised to uphold the principles of self-determination for the South Vietnamese people, which included free and democratic elections under international supervision.", "precise_score": 4.881599426269531, "rough_score": 3.757667303085327, "source": "search", "title": "The peace agreement - The Vietnam War and Its Impact" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American Involvement in Vietnam War", "precise_score": 6.238006591796875, "rough_score": 4.570681571960449, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American Involvement in Vietnam War", "precise_score": 6.238006591796875, "rough_score": 4.570681095123291, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Statements issued simultaneously in Washington and Hanoi confirmed the peace deal was signed in Paris at 1230 local time, bringing to an end America's longest war.", "precise_score": 6.70269775390625, "rough_score": 2.116001605987549, "source": "search", "title": "1973: Nixon announces Vietnam peace deal - BBC News" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Gradual withdrawal of U.S. ground forces began as part of \"Vietnamization\", which aimed to end American involvement in the war while transferring the task of fighting the Communists to the South Vietnamese themselves. Despite the Paris Peace Accord, which was signed by all parties in January 1973, the fighting continued. In the U.S. and the Western world, a large anti-Vietnam War movement developed as part of a larger counterculture. The war changed the dynamics between the Eastern and Western Blocs, and altered North–South relations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.6782347559928894, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "On 10 May 1968, despite low expectations, peace talks began between the United States and North Vietnam in Paris. Negotiations stagnated for five months, until Johnson gave orders to halt the bombing of North Vietnam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.571255207061768, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "1972 election and Paris Peace Accords", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.501296997070312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "High-profile opposition to the Vietnam War turned to street protests in an effort to turn U.S. political opinion. On 15 October 1969, the Vietnam Moratorium attracted millions of Americans. Riots broke out at the 1968 Democratic National Convention during protests against the war. After news reports of American military abuses such as the 1968 My Lai Massacre, brought new attention and support to the anti-war movement, some veterans joined Vietnam Veterans Against the War. The fatal shooting of four students at Kent State University in 1970 led to nationwide university protests. Anti-war protests ended with the final withdrawal of troops after the Paris Peace Accords were signed in 1973. South Vietnam was left to defend itself alone when the fighting resumed. Many South Vietnamese subsequently fled to the United States. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.798413038253784, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Under the Paris Peace Accords, between North Vietnamese Foreign Minister Lê Đức Thọ and U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, and reluctantly signed by South Vietnamese president Thiệu, U.S. military forces withdrew from South Vietnam and prisoners were exchanged. North Vietnam was allowed to continue supplying communist troops in the South, but only to the extent of replacing expended materiel. Later that year the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Kissinger and Thọ, but the Vietnamese negotiator declined it saying that a true peace did not yet exist.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1908231973648071, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The oil price shock of October 1973 following the Yom Kippur War in Egypt caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. The Viet Cong resumed offensive operations when the dry season began and by January 1974 it had recaptured the territory it lost during the previous dry season. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thieu announced on 4 January that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. There had been over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.389773845672607, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "An embittered and tearful president Thieu resigned on the same day, declaring that the United States had betrayed South Vietnam. In a scathing attack, he suggested U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had tricked him into signing the Paris peace agreement two years ago, promising military aid that failed to materialize. Having transferred power to Trần Văn Hương, he left for Taiwan on 25 April. At the same time, North Vietnamese tanks had reached Biên Hòa and turned toward Saigon, brushing aside isolated ARVN units along the way.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.944177627563477, "source": "wiki", "title": "Vietnam War" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Paris peace negotiations", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.508254051208496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris Peace Accords" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Following the success of anti-war candidate Eugene McCarthy in the New Hampshire primary, in March 1968 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson halted bombing operations over the northern portion of the North Vietnam (Operation Rolling Thunder), in order to encourage Hanoi to begin negotiations. Shortly thereafter Hanoi agreed to discuss a complete halt of the bombing, and a date was set for representatives of both parties to meet in Paris. The sides first met on 10 May, with the delegations headed by Xuân Thuỷ, who would remain the official leader of the North Vietnamese delegation throughout the process, and U.S. ambassador-at-large W. Averell Harriman.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.266968727111816, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris Peace Accords" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "According to presidential historian Robert Dallek, Kissinger's advice \"rested not on special knowledge of decision making at the White House but on an astute analyst's insight into what was happening.\" William Bundy stated that Kissinger obtained \"no useful inside information\" from his trip to Paris, and \"almost any experienced Hanoi watcher might have come to the same conclusion\". While Kissinger may have \"hinted that his advice was based on contacts with the Paris delegation,\" this sort of \"self-promotion....is at worst a minor and not uncommon practice, quite different from getting and reporting real secrets.\" Nixon asked Anna Chennault to be his \"channel to Mr. Thieu\"; Chennault agreed and periodically reported to John Mitchell that Thieu had no intention of attending a peace conference. On November 2, Chennault informed the South Vietnamese ambassador: \"I have just heard from my boss in Albuquerque who says his boss [Nixon] is going to win. And you tell your boss [Thieu] to hold on a while longer.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.004240989685059, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris Peace Accords" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "On 15 January 1973, Nixon announced a suspension of offensive actions against North Vietnam. Kissinger and Thọ met again on 23 January and signed off on a treaty that was basically identical to the draft of three months earlier. The agreement was signed by the leaders of the official delegations on 27 January at the Hotel Majestic in Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.7039583921432495, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris Peace Accords" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Paris Peace Accords effectively removed the US from the conflict. However, the agreement's provisions were routinely flouted by both the North Vietnamese and the Saigon government, eliciting no response from the United States, ultimately resulting in the communists enlarging the area under their control by the end of 1973. North Vietnamese military forces gradually built up their military infrastructure in the areas they controlled and two years later were in position to launch the successful offensive that ended South Vietnam's status as an independent country.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.381098747253418, "source": "wiki", "title": "Paris Peace Accords" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.251816749572754, "source": "search", "title": "Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Paris Peace Accords signed", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.256649494171143, "source": "search", "title": "Paris Peace Accords signed - Jan 27, 1973 - HISTORY.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam,", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.13780689239502, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "(a) The Parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam shall immediately designate representatives to form a Four-Party Joint Military Commission with the task of ensuring joint action by the parties in implementing the following provisions of this Agreement:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.052104949951172, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The United States and the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, on behalf of the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam will propose to the following parties that they participate in this International Conference: the People's Republic of China, the Republic of France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom, the four countries of the International Commission of Control and Supervision, and the Secretary General of the United Nations, together with the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.912915229797363, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "(a) The parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam shall strictly respect the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Cambodia's and the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Laos, which recognized the Cambodian and the Lao peoples' fundamental national rights, i.e., the independence, sovereignty, unity, and", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.401961326599121, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam undertake to refrain from using the territory of Cambodia and the territory of Laos to encroach on the sovereignty and security of one another and of other countries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.351539611816406, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature by plenipotentiary representatives of the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam. All the parties concerned shall strictly implement this Agreement and its Protocols. Done in Paris this twenty-seventh day of January, one thousand nine hundred and seventy-three, in English and Vietnamese. The English and Vietnamese texts are official and equally authentic.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.506657600402832, "source": "search", "title": "Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Even more unusually, the treaty called for a Four-Party Joint Military Commission to be constituted by the four signatories for implementing and monitoring compliance with the provisions on withdrawal, cease-fire, dismantling of bases, return of war prisoners, and exchange of information on those missing in action. An International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS), consisting of Canada, Hungary, Indonesia, and Poland, would oversee the agreement and report violations. In No Peace, No Honor (2001), Larry Berman utilized recently declassified records to show that Nixon had little faith in the Paris accord and expected that the accord would be violated, which would trigger a brutal military response. Permanent war (air war, not ground operations) at acceptable political cost was what Nixon expected from the signed agreement. President Thieu received repeated assurances that when the communists violated the accord, the B52s would return to punish Hanoi, but the Watergate scandal prevented such a retaliation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.806082725524902, "source": "search", "title": "The peace agreement - The Vietnam War and Its Impact" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Not a moment of peace ever came to Vietnam. Following the return of the American POWs, there was little adherence to the Paris agreements from either North or South Vietnam. The U.S. troops departed Vietnam sixty days after the Paris agreement was signed, but the level of violence had not significantly declined. Watergate was about to destroy the Nixon presidency and a new antiwar Congress had little interest in continuing economic support to the South. Faced with funding a $722 million supplement to stave off a collapse of South Vietnam, Congress refused to act. For many Americans, the last image of Vietnam was that of ambassador Graham Martin carrying a folded American flag during the final evacuation. This bitter aftermath left Americans searching for explanations as to what had gone wrong and who was responsible for failure.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5151251554489136, "source": "search", "title": "The peace agreement - The Vietnam War and Its Impact" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "PARIS — Representatives of 19 nations, including the United States, signed an international peace agreement on Wednesday, ending 21 years of conflict in Cambodia and placing the Southeast Asian country under U.N. administration until general elections can be held in 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.4229796826839447, "source": "search", "title": "Peace Treaty Signed to End Cambodia War - latimes" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "In an emotional speech to the delegates at the Kleber International Center in Paris, Sihanouk, 70, his thinning hair white at the temples, somberly accepted the role as healer for his country after years of bloody conflict that cost the lives of more than 1 million Cambodians.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.193672180175781, "source": "search", "title": "Peace Treaty Signed to End Cambodia War - latimes" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The peace treaty, printed in English, French, Khmer, Russian and Chinese, was signed at 7:22 p.m. Paris time.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.3164002299308777, "source": "search", "title": "Peace Treaty Signed to End Cambodia War - latimes" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The signing of the Paris Peace Accords, Jan. 27, 1973.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.559891700744629, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Paris Peace Accords", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.00334358215332, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The Paris Peace Accords ended America’s direct involvement in the Vietnam War, but it did nothing to end the conflict between North and South Vietnam, which resumed fighting later in the year. President Thieu declared the accords no longer in effect in January 1974.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.400532603263855, "source": "search", "title": "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American ..." }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "President Richard M. Nixon assumed responsibility for the Vietnam War as he swore the oath of office on January 20, 1969. He knew that ending this war honorably was essential to his success in the presidency. He expected that the American people would give him a year to end U.S. involvement in the war, and he expected to succeed during that time—believing that his experience in foreign relations, his toughness, and his willingness to bring to bear military and political pressure on North Vietnam would yield a settlement in the public negotiations just opening in Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.625799179077148, "source": "search", "title": "Ending the Vietnam War, 1969–1973 - Office of the Historian" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "It quickly became apparent that the public peace talks in Paris were being used as propaganda theater by both sides, and that any productive negotiations would have to be done in private. On August 4, the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs Henry Kissinger conducted his first private session with the North Vietnamese leadership. He would meet with North Vietnamese Politburo member Le Duc Tho intermittently over the following months, with no apparent progress toward a settlement.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.259111404418945, "source": "search", "title": "Ending the Vietnam War, 1969–1973 - Office of the Historian" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.113018751144409, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris - Super70s.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 2.113018751144409, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris - Super70s.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "On January 23, 1971, the U.S. and North Vietnam jointly announced from Paris that the terms of a cease-fire agreement had been accepted by both sides.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7418437004089355, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris - Super70s.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "The nine-point cease-fire agreement, negotiated between Henry Kissinger and North Vietnam's Le Duc Tho, was signed in Paris on January 27, 1973, to become effective on January 28. It called for the U.S. to remove all of its forces from South Vietnam and for all POWs to be returned within 60 days.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5903642177581787, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris - Super70s.com" }, { "answer": "Paris", "passage": "Paris Peace Talks", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.223075866699219, "source": "search", "title": "Vietnam Peace Treaty Agreed To In Paris - Super70s.com" } ]

[ { "answer": "Silicon Glen", "passage": "Challenging the Chip: Labor Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global Electronics Industry is a diverse collection of 26 stories about the toxic impacts of electronics manufacturing on workers and communities around the world. Whether it’s in Silicon Valley, California; Silicon Glen, Scotland; or Silicon Paddy, China, Challenging the Chip reveals that the people who suffer the highest consequences are largely poor, female, immigrant and minority. Contributors include visionaries, advocates and scholars who not only document the devastating practices of electronics manufacturing, but also share how they have come together in their workplaces, communities and across borders to successfully shift how the high-tech industry does business.", "precise_score": -0.8623894453048706, "rough_score": -4.013888359069824, "source": "search", "title": "Challenging the Chip – Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition" }, { "answer": "Silicon Glen", "passage": "After 1945, Scotland's economic situation became progressively worse due to overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disputes. Only in recent decades has the country enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance. Economic factors contributing to this recovery include a resurgent financial services industry, electronics manufacturing, (see Silicon Glen), and the North Sea oil and gas industry. The introduction in 1989 by Margaret Thatcher's government of the Community Charge (widely known as the Poll Tax) one year before the rest of the United Kingdom, contributed to a growing movement for a return to direct Scottish control over domestic affairs. Following a referendum on devolution proposals in 1997, the Scotland Act 1998 was passed by the United Kingdom Parliament to establish a devolved Scottish Parliament and Scottish Government with responsibility for most laws specific to Scotland. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.459266185760498, "source": "wiki", "title": "Scotland" }, { "answer": "Silicon Glen", "passage": "The potential of reversing that trend is one reason Silicon Fen and other emergent European high-tech clusters excite European interest. The U.K. now has a number of such clusters, Silicon Fen being the most promising one. Others include Silicon Glen in Scotland, Silicon Ditch along the Thames Valley, and Motorsport Valley centered on Oxfordshire (see “Focus: Motorsport Valley”). Elsewhere in Europe are other springs of activity: around Munich and Stuttgart in Germany; at Sophia Antipolis in Southern France; at Kista in Stockholm; around Dublin; around Oulu in Finland; and in the Etna Valley in Sicily. For an area of the world that has been good at innovation but poor at exploitation, the new clusters may nurture a European high-tech industry that will finally rival that of the U.S.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.315647125244141, "source": "search", "title": "The Cluster Effect: Can Europe Clone Silicon Valley?" }, { "answer": "Silicon Glen", "passage": "In contrast to Dublin’s success to date in developing local businesses, Scotland’s Silicon Glen cluster has not attained the positive results politicians had expected. Since the 1970s, Silicon Glen has been receiving government support in the form of tax breaks and other incentives to attract foreign technology companies to the region. Although the area now accounts for 15 percent of Europe’s semiconductors and a third of all its PCs, Silicon Glen has not stimulated homegrown companies on the scale anticipated. Motorola’s recent decision to close a major mobile phone assembly plant in the region, and the resulting 3,100 lost jobs, were an unfortunate reminder of the region’s dependence on foreign technology companies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.4161057472229, "source": "search", "title": "The Cluster Effect: Can Europe Clone Silicon Valley?" }, { "answer": "Silicon Glen", "passage": "For now, the British government appears to agree with Mr. Cohan. The Silicon Glen experience has not generated the local businesses that earlier politicians had hoped for. A report by the Department of Trade and Industry published in February of this year identifies 154 regional business clusters in Britain offering opportunities for economic growth. But the report, which examines how government agencies such as regional development authorities can support the development of clusters, concludes that new clusters cannot be kick-started by public policy initiatives.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.525705337524414, "source": "search", "title": "The Cluster Effect: Can Europe Clone Silicon Valley?" } ]

[ { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Saint Petersburg () is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd (), in 1924 to Leningrad (), and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 1713–1728 and 1732–1918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow. ", "precise_score": 1.1366662979125977, "rough_score": 2.7612202167510986, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is the most Westernized city of Russia, as well as its cultural capital. It is the northernmost city in the world with a population of over one million. The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Saint Petersburg is home to The Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world. ", "precise_score": 0.14114044606685638, "rough_score": 3.8481171131134033, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The most prominent neoclassical and Empire-style architects in Saint Petersburg included:", "precise_score": -4.024603843688965, "rough_score": -1.0439425706863403, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 1810, Alexander I established the first engineering Higher learning institution, the Saint Petersburg Main military engineering School in Saint Petersburg. Many monuments commemorate the Russian victory over Napoleonic France in the Patriotic War of 1812, including the Alexander Column by Montferrand, erected in 1834, and the Narva Triumphal Gate.", "precise_score": -4.277467727661133, "rough_score": -1.4810949563980103, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The elevation of Saint Petersburg ranges from the sea level to its highest point of at the Orekhovaya Hill in the Duderhof Heights in the south. Part of the city's territory west of Liteyny Prospekt is no higher than 4 m above sea level, and has suffered from numerous floods. Floods in Saint Petersburg are triggered by a long wave in the Baltic Sea, caused by meteorological conditions, winds and shallowness of the Neva Bay. The four most disastrous floods occurred in 1824 (421 cm above sea level, during which over three hundred buildings were destroyed ), 1924 380 cm, 1777 321 cm, 1955 293 cm, and 1975 281 cm. To prevent floods, the Saint Petersburg Dam has been constructed. ", "precise_score": -4.461731910705566, "rough_score": 3.304637908935547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Since the 18th century the terrain in the city has been raised artificially, at some places by more than 4 m, making mergers of several islands, and changing the hydrology of the city. Besides the Neva and its tributaries, other important rivers of the federal subject of Saint Petersburg are Sestra, Okhta and Izhora. The largest lake is Sestroretsky Razliv in the north, followed by Lakhtinsky Razliv, Suzdal Lakes and other smaller lakes.", "precise_score": -0.268326997756958, "rough_score": -0.6886150240898132, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "People in urban Saint Petersburg live mostly in apartments. Between 1918 and the 1990s, the Soviets nationalised housing and forced residents to share communal apartments (kommunalkas). With 68% living in shared flats in the 1930s, Leningrad was the city in the USSR with the largest number of kommunalkas. Resettling residents of kommunalkas is now on the way out, albeit shared apartments are still not uncommon. As new boroughs were built on the outskirts in the 1950s–1980s, over half a million low income families eventually received free apartments, and about an additional hundred thousand condos were purchased. While economic and social activity is concentrated in the historic city centre, the richest part of Saint Petersburg, most people live in commuter areas. For the first half of 2007, the birth rate was 9.1 per 1000. ", "precise_score": -0.991431474685669, "rough_score": -0.8243037462234497, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is a major trade gateway, financial and industrial centre of Russia specialising in oil and gas trade, shipbuilding yards, aerospace industry, radio and electronics, software and computers; machine building, heavy machinery and transport, including tanks and other military equipment, mining, instrument manufacture, ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy (production of aluminium alloys), chemicals, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, publishing and printing, food and catering, wholesale and retail, textile and apparel industries, and many other businesses. It was also home to Lessner, one of Russia's two pioneering automobile manufacturers (along with Russo-Baltic), Lessner; founded by machine tool and boiler maker G. A. Lessner in 1904, with designs by Boris Loutsky, it survived until 1910. ", "precise_score": 0.2699403464794159, "rough_score": 3.296497106552124, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The Saint Petersburg Mint (Monetny Dvor), founded in 1724, is one of the largest mints in the world, it mints Russian coins, medals and badges. Saint Petersburg is also home to the oldest and largest Russian foundry, Monumentskulptura, which made thousands of sculptures and statues that are now gracing public parks of Saint Petersburg, as well as many other cities. Monuments and bronze statues of the Tsars, as well as other important historic figures and dignitaries, and other world famous monuments, such as the sculptures by Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg, Paolo Troubetzkoy, Pavel Antokolsky, and others, were made there.", "precise_score": -0.9081695675849915, "rough_score": 1.6177997589111328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Unlike in Moscow, in Saint Petersburg the historic architecture of the city centre, mostly consisting of Baroque and neoclassical buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries, has been largely preserved; although a number of buildings were demolished after the Bolsheviks' seizure of power, during the Siege of Leningrad and in recent years. The oldest of the remaining building is a wooden house built for Peter I in 1703 on the shore of the Neva near Trinity Square. Since 1991 the Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments in Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast have been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.", "precise_score": 1.0782464742660522, "rough_score": 1.2463456392288208, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is home to numerous parks and gardens, some of the most famous of which are situated in the southern suburbs, including one of the largest English gardens in Europe in Pavlovsk. Sosnovka is the largest park within the limits of the city proper, occupying 240 ha. The Summer Garden is the oldest one, dating back to the early 18th century and designed in the regular style. It is situated on the southern bank of the Neva at the head of the Fontanka and is famous for its cast iron railing and marble sculptures.", "precise_score": -0.5213796496391296, "rough_score": 3.348109722137451, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The 18th and 19th-century architectural ensemble of the city and its environs is preserved in virtually unchanged form. For various reasons (including large-scale destruction during World War II and construction of modern buildings during the postwar period in the largest historical centers of Europe), Saint Petersburg has become a unique reserve of European architectural styles of the past three centuries. Saint Petersburg's loss of capital city status helped the city to retain many of its pre-revolutionary buildings, as modern architectural 'prestige projects' tended to be built in Moscow; this largely prevented the rise of mid-to-late-20th-century architecture and helped maintain the architectural appearance of the historic city center.", "precise_score": 3.3497791290283203, "rough_score": 5.472049713134766, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Over 250 international and Russian movies were filmed in Saint Petersburg. Well over a thousand feature films about tsars, revolution, people and stories set in Saint Petersburg have been produced worldwide but not filmed in the city. The first film studios were founded in Saint Petersburg in the 20th century and since the 1920s Lenfilm has been the largest film studio based in Saint Petersburg. The first foreign feature movie filmed entirely in Saint Petersburg was the 1997 production of Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, starring Sophie Marceau and Sean Bean and made by an international team of British, American, French and Russian filmmakers.", "precise_score": 2.695727825164795, "rough_score": 1.3078436851501465, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has a longstanding and world famous tradition in literature. Dostoyevsky called it \"The most abstract and intentional city in the world,\" emphasizing its artificiality, but it was also a symbol of modern disorder in a changing Russia. It frequently appeared to Russian writers as a menacing and inhuman mechanism. The grotesque and often nightmarish image of the city is featured in Pushkin's last poems, the Petersburg stories of Gogol, the novels of Dostoyevsky, the verse of Alexander Blok and Osip Mandelshtam, and in the symbolist novel Petersburg by Andrey Bely. According to Lotman in his chapter, 'The Symbolism of Saint Petersburg' in Universe and the Mind, these writers were inspired by symbolism from within the city itself. The effect of life in Saint Petersburg on the plight of the poor clerk in a society obsessed with hierarchy and status also became an important theme for authors such as Pushkin, Gogol and Dostoyevsky. Another important feature of early Saint Petersburg literature is its mythical element, which incorporates urban legends and popular ghost stories, as the stories of Pushkin and Gogol included ghosts returning to Saint Petersburg to haunt other characters as well as other fantastical elements, creating a surreal and abstract image of Saint Petersburg.", "precise_score": 2.1164844036102295, "rough_score": 0.38817521929740906, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "20th-century writers from Saint Petersburg, such as Vladimir Nabokov, Ayn Rand, Andrey Bely and Yevgeny Zamyatin, along with his apprentices, The Serapion Brothers created entire new styles in literature and contributed new insights to the understanding of society through their experience in this city. Anna Akhmatova became an important leader for Russian poetry. Her poem Requiem adumbrates the perils encountered during the Stalinist era. Another notable 20th-century writer from Saint Petersburg is Joseph Brodsky, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1987). While living in the United States, his writings in English reflected on life in Saint Petersburg from the unique perspective of being both an insider and an outsider to the city in essays such as, \"A Guide to a Renamed City\" and the nostalgic \"In a Room and a Half\". ", "precise_score": 4.376108169555664, "rough_score": 2.608227491378784, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Tommaso Traetta (1727–1779) was a maestro di cappella at the Russian Imperial Court for eight years (1768–1775, and wrote there five operas, including: Astrea placata (1770 Saint Petersburg), Antigone (1772 Saint Petersburg), and Le quattro stagioni e i dodici mesi dell'anno (1776 St Petersburg).", "precise_score": -5.910412788391113, "rough_score": 3.9623992443084717, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Bortniansky returned to the court at Saint Petersburg in 1779 where composed four more operas (all in French, with libretti by Franz-Hermann Lafermière): Le Faucon (1786), Le Fete du Seigneur (1786), Don Carlos (1786), and Le Fils-Rival ou La Moderne Stratonice (1787).", "precise_score": -6.938621997833252, "rough_score": 2.4261603355407715, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Italian-trained Yevstigney Fomin (1761–1800) composed about 30 operas including the most successful opera-melodrama Orfey i Evridika to the text by Yakov Knyazhnin. Among his other operas are: The Novgorod Hero Boyeslayevich (Novgorodskiy bogatyr’ Boyeslayevich, text by Catherine II, 1786 Saint Petersburg), The Coachmen at the Relay Station (Yamshchiki na podstave 1787 Saint Petersburg), Soirées (Vecherinki, ili Gaday, gaday devitsa, 1788 Saint Petersburg), Magician, Fortune-teller and Match-maker (Koldun, vorozheya i svakha 1789 Saint Petersburg), The Miller who was a Wizard, a Cheat and a Match-maker (Melnik - koldun, obmanshchik i svat, 1779 Moscow, originally: Mikhail Sokolovsky), The Americans (Amerikantsy, comic opera, 1800 Saint Petersburg), Chloris and Milo (Klorida i Milon, 1800 Saint Petersburg), and The Golden Apple (Zolotoye yabloko, 1803 Saint Petersburg).", "precise_score": -6.9238152503967285, "rough_score": -0.5160155892372131, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*Sergei Taneyev (1856–1915), with Oresteia, (1895, Saint Petersburg);", "precise_score": -8.510370254516602, "rough_score": -1.2706546783447266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Pyotr Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) completed ten operas including the most famous Eugene Onegin (Yevgeny Onegin), 1877–1878, 1879 Moscow and The Queen of Spades (Pikovaya dama), 1890, 1890 Saint Petersburg, which now belong to the world's standard repertoire. His other operas are:", "precise_score": -6.612013339996338, "rough_score": -0.555172860622406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*The Oprichnik, 1870–1872, 1874 Saint Petersburg", "precise_score": -6.157586097717285, "rough_score": 3.4847278594970703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*The Enchantress (also The Sorceress or Charodeyka), 1885–1887, 1887 Saint Petersburg", "precise_score": -4.909623622894287, "rough_score": -0.4895913898944855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*Iolanta (Iolanthe), 1891, 1892 Saint Petersburg", "precise_score": -6.187506198883057, "rough_score": 0.4372767508029938, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The history of 19th century Russian opera could be observed in the selected list of premieres at the Saint Petersburg theatres:", "precise_score": -2.452270984649658, "rough_score": 0.7413930296897888, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Hermitage Theatre (from 1785 St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -5.013686180114746, "rough_score": 0.1577443778514862, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Mariinsky Theatre, (from 1860 St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -4.663394451141357, "rough_score": -0.3367055356502533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St-Petersburg", "passage": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century", "precise_score": 3.458636522293091, "rough_score": 8.026397705078125, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "St-Petersburg", "passage": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century", "precise_score": 3.458636522293091, "rough_score": 8.026397705078125, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "on 1 October 1991 it was officially declared St Petersburg.", "precise_score": -3.7268075942993164, "rough_score": -0.5073699951171875, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad:", "precise_score": -2.959120512008667, "rough_score": 2.362853527069092, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Petersburg Text. The Petersburg Text is a notion introduced by the structuralist movement during the second half of the 20th century, which relies to a great degree on the 19th century Russian literary tradition from Pushkin to Dostoevsky. The image and myth of St. Petersburg represented in the Petersburg Text is conceived of as a whole, a single text comprised of a corpus of independent texts, which in various aspects defines the way St. Petersburg / Leningrad is perceived and remythologised in 20th century Russian literature. According to the Petersburg Text, St. Petersburg is a dualistic, demonic city in which the fate of the city reflects not only the fate of its individual citizen, but also that of Russia, Europe and the world at large.", "precise_score": 4.250209331512451, "rough_score": 6.113362789154053, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Both high as well as popular culture are viewed as texts with a language of their own and with their own connections to tradition. Different forms of culture are explored through dialogue with each other. St. Petersburg contemporary art, literature as well as the variety of forms of popular culture are analysed both as constituents of the St. Petersburg mainstream culture as well as marginal phenomena as regards Russianness and Europeanness at large. The dualism inherent in the St. Petersburg myth is manifested in a concrete way in the still persisting dichotomy “classical St. Petersburg vs. Soviet Leningrad”, as well as in the conflict between public and private space. The most recent proof of this dualism is the controversy over the celebration of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg, which is examined through the polemics it provoked in the Russian press.", "precise_score": -3.424959182739258, "rough_score": -1.2031880617141724, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "to the most recent texts in St. Petersburg literature", "precise_score": -4.63749361038208, "rough_score": -0.11084932088851929, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "In St. Petersburg, the grand city of the czars, they call them the “White Nights”: those 80 or so evenings, running from May to the end of July, when the city emerges from long months of cold and darkness and celebrates the brief return of nearly round-the-clock daylight. Residents of Russia’s cultural capital — situated a few latitudinal lines south of the Arctic Circle, at the eastern end of the Gulf of Finland — have been welcoming the summer with relief and celebration ever since Peter the Great founded the city in the early 18th century. (The czar named the new capital after his patron saint, St. Peter the apostle.)", "precise_score": -0.5342980623245239, "rough_score": 1.358157992362976, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "For most of the 20th century, however, these celebrations were muted by wars, revolution and the grim imperatives of the Soviet state. The Russian Revolution broke out here in October 1917, when the city was called Petrograd. Only a few decades later, between 1941 and 1944, as many as 800,000 people died of hunger, disease and exposure during the nearly 900-day Nazi siege of the city that the Bolsheviks had renamed Leningrad. Under Joseph Stalin and his Communist successors, White Nights were disciplined affairs, limited to a smattering of classical music concerts. Even after the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, St. Petersburg’s summer remained subdued: the economy had deteriorated so sharply after decades of misrule that many people became dependent on food rationing. For a time, St. Petersburg, which regained its original name in 1991, was even forced to accept humanitarian food aid from foreign donors — hardly the economic environment in which to stage all-night, citywide revelries.", "precise_score": 7.142445087432861, "rough_score": 6.620572566986084, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "No other city in Russia enjoys such a breathtaking location. St. Petersburg was constructed on what originally were more than 100 islands formed by a latticework of rivers, creeks, streams and natural canals that flow into the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the Neva River. The Neva, the main artery through the city, snakes an east-west path across St. Petersburg, basically dividing it in half. The southern half, the part most reminiscent of Venice or Amsterdam, is cut by a grid of canals and includes many of the city’s most familiar landmarks. Among them: the Hermitage, Russia’s greatest museum and the former Winter Palace of the czars, along with Palace Square and the Alexander Column; the Kazan Cathedral , modeled after St. Peter’s at the Vatican; and the Church of the Savior on the Spilled Blood , a monument marking the spot of Czar Alexander II’s assassination in 1881. Here, too, runs the Nevsky Prospekt , the city’s main commercial street.", "precise_score": -1.2354319095611572, "rough_score": -0.5937533378601074, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "ANNA and I made our way by taxi to the city center for an early evening meal — and free vodka shots — at the Idiot , one of St. Petersburg’s more popular bar-restaurants. This five-room basement establishment, located off St. Isaac Square and alongside the Moika Canal, one of the Neva’s many tributaries, reflects a new, nostalgic fascination for Russia at the turn of the 20th century. The Idiot was designed to resemble a Dostoevsky-era apartment: old oak furniture, Singer iron-pedaled sewing machines, clunky typewriters, shelves of antique books and the occasional, anachronistic bust of Lenin. We were joined by Mireille Massip , a French author who was in town to attend, among other events, a big White Nights gathering of returned St. Petersburg nobility.", "precise_score": 2.473829746246338, "rough_score": 1.8816403150558472, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Tipsy after our round of vodka shots, Anna and I left the Idiot and commenced a White Nights ritual: the downtown walkabout through the area around the Moika. This original part of the city began to take shape in the early 18th century, when Peter, who was enamored of Dutch culture, laid out a grid of intersecting canals that flow into the Neva and hired Western Europe’s most celebrated architects to line them with palaces and cathedrals. Peter died in 1725, and the capital that he founded rapidly expanded. In 1728, Peter II moved his seat back to Moscow. But four years later, the Empress Anna again made St. Petersburg the capital of the Russian Empire. It remained the seat of the Romanov Dynasty for nearly two centuries, until the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.", "precise_score": -1.2394849061965942, "rough_score": -1.3590642213821411, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The city in the south eastern portion of the image is Russia's St. Petersburg, which is the most northerly large city in the world at almost 60 degrees north latitude. The closest city with a larger population, Moscow, is south of St. Petersburg by more than 4 degrees (at 55.75 degrees north). St. Petersburg was established along the banks of the Neva River by Peter the Great in 1703. This marshy, low-lying area possesses many rivers and islands, and about 300 bridges, of which more than twenty are drawbridges. The island connected with the north shore of Petersburg is called Kotlin Island and is the home of the famous naval fortress of Kronstadt. The road built upon a tidal barrage connecting the island with the mainland is open to road traffic but does not support a railway.", "precise_score": 0.5542580485343933, "rough_score": 0.3453297019004822, "source": "search", "title": "Russia: St. Petersburg | ASDC" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -3.272083044052124, "rough_score": 1.1945778131484985, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "St. Petersburg, Russian Sankt Peterburg, formerly (1914–24) Petrograd and (1924–91) Leningrad, city and port, extreme northwestern Russia . A major historical and cultural centre and an important port, St. Petersburg lies about 400 miles (640 km) northwest of Moscow and only about 7° south of the Arctic Circle . It is the second largest city of Russia and one of the world’s major cities. St. Petersburg has played a vital role in Russian history since its founding in 1703. For two centuries (1712–1918) it was the capital of the Russian Empire. The city is remembered as the scene of the February (March, New Style) and October (November, New Style) Revolutions of 1917 and for its fierce defense while besieged during World War II. Architecturally, it ranks as one of the most splendid and congenial cities of Europe . Its historic district was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1990. Area city, 550 square miles (1,400 square km). Pop. (2010) 4,879,566; (2012 est.) 4,953,219.", "precise_score": 2.654242753982544, "rough_score": 4.606201171875, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -3.6361236572265625, "rough_score": -0.13826829195022583, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg is a mecca of cultural, historical, and architectural landmarks. Founded by Tsar Peter I (the Great) as Russia’s “window on Europe,” it bears the unofficial status of Russia’s cultural capital and most European city, a distinction that it strives to retain in its perennial competition with Moscow. Three distinctive characteristics of St. Petersburg engage attention. The first is the city’s harmonious mix of western European and Russian architecture . Second is St. Petersburg’s lack of an unequivocal city centre, which, in other Russian cities of medieval origin, is defined by a kremlin and its surrounding area. The third characteristic feature of the city is its many waterways. The short but full-flowing tributaries and canals of the Neva River that stretch to the Baltic coast are inseparable from St. Petersburg’s panorama. Many of the city’s most famed architectural sites stretch along the Neva’s historic embankments. Moreover, the bridges and natural canals of the river have earned St. Petersburg the nickname “Venice of the North.” Because of St. Petersburg’s northerly location, the city enjoys the “White Nights,” from June 11 to July 2, when daylight extends to nearly 19 hours—another of St. Petersburg’s most acclaimed characteristics. Among the cultural events devoted to celebrating the White Nights are the festivals organized by the Mariinsky and Hermitage theatres and the Rimsky-Korsakov St. Petersburg State Conservatory. Each night during the White Nights, the bridges spanning the Neva are raised to let boat traffic through. After the collapse of the Soviet Union , St. Petersburg imbibed a new energy as crumbling facades, potholed roads, and cultural landmarks were renovated.", "precise_score": 0.8299852013587952, "rough_score": -0.6606073975563049, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg is located on the delta of the Neva River , at the head of the Gulf of Finland . The city spreads across 42 islands of the delta and across adjacent parts of the mainland floodplain . The very low and originally marshy site has subjected the city to recurrent flooding, especially in the autumn, when strong cyclonic winds drive gulf waters upstream, and also at the time of the spring thaw. Exceptionally severe inundations occurred in 1777, 1824, and 1924; the last two were the highest on record and flooded most of the city. To control the destructive floodwaters, the city built in the 1980s an 18-mile- (29-km-) long dike across the Gulf of Finland. A number of canals also have been cut to assist drainage.", "precise_score": -1.257444977760315, "rough_score": 2.715454578399658, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "One of the first areas of St. Petersburg to be developed because of its defendable position, Vasilyevsky Island forms the northwestern corner of the central city. Opposite the Admiralty and Winter Palace, at the island’s eastern tip, is the remarkable architectural complex known as the Strelka (“Pointer”), facing the bifurcation of the Neva. Behind the two great Rostral Columns, decorated by carved ships’ prows, and across Pushkin Square, the point rises majestically to the former Exchange building (Thomas de Thomon, 1805–10), the city’s finest example of early 19th-century style and reminiscent of a Classical Greek temple in appearance; it now houses the Central Naval Museum.", "precise_score": 0.047349415719509125, "rough_score": 1.6233364343643188, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "The most famous of the communities around St. Petersburg is Peterhof, whose unique garden-park setting, stretching in terraces rising above the Gulf of Finland, contains representative works from two centuries of Russian architectural and park styles. The Great Palace , the former residence of Peter I, stands at the edge of the second terrace, its bright yellow walls contrasting with white stucco decorations and the gilt domes of its lateral wings. Built in the Baroque style (1714–28), it was reconstructed and expanded by Rastrelli from the mid-1740s to the mid-1750s. On the north the building commands a view of the Grand Cascade, a grandiose structure including a grotto, 64 fountains, and two cascading staircases, which lead to an enormous semicircular basin that contains a giant statue of Samson wrestling with a lion. This statue, symbolizing the military glory of Russia, is a copy of the original statue by Mikhail I. Kozlovsky , which was carried off by the Nazis during World War II . In fact, much of the town’s treasure was plundered and many of its buildings were destroyed during the siege of Leningrad . After the siege was lifted, the city was given a more Russian-sounding name, Petrodvorets, which was its official name from 1944 until it was renamed Peterhof in 2009. This magnificent vista becomes all the more remarkable when it is remembered that much of it is a post-World War II restoration.", "precise_score": -0.057506270706653595, "rough_score": -0.742969810962677, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Morning: Today’s lecture and site visits will give an overview of St. Petersburg as the cultural capital of Russia and some of the artists who have called it home. Begin with a lecture titled “St. Petersburg as One of the European Artistic Capitals – Intellectuals of the 20th Century.” Next, visit the Museum of Anna Akhmatova. This beautiful palace on the Fontanka River with a quiet courtyard now contains several museums, including the house museum of poet Anna Akhmatova, who lived in an apartment here for almost thirty years. One of the most famous of Russia’s 20th century intellectuals, Akhmatova’s poetry and her life reflected the events of her century.", "precise_score": 6.696191787719727, "rough_score": 5.673490524291992, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia: City of Order (the first half of the 19th century)", "precise_score": 0.1365877240896225, "rough_score": 7.034032344818115, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -3.272083044052124, "rough_score": 1.1945774555206299, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -3.272083044052124, "rough_score": 1.1945774555206299, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -3.272083044052124, "rough_score": 1.1945774555206299, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -3.272083044052124, "rough_score": 1.1945774555206299, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg became more and more majestic. The ensemble of Palace Square was finished with the construction of the General Staff building (1819-29), the Alexander Column (1830-34) and the Royal Guards Staff building (1837-43). In 1839-44 the Mariinsky Palace (nowadays the City Hall) was built for Nicholas' beloved daughter Maria. St. Isaac's Cathedral , the main church of the Russian Empire, was finally completed only in 1858, when Nicholas I had already died and his son Alexander II was on the throne.", "precise_score": -2.153392791748047, "rough_score": 1.1901103258132935, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "A large number of foreign consulates, international corporations, banks, and businesses have offices in Saint Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.160985469818115, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The city was built by conscripted peasants from all over Russia; a number of Swedish prisoners of war were also involved in some years under the supervision of Alexander Menshikov. Tens of thousands of serfs died building the city. Later, the city became the centre of the Saint Petersburg Governorate. Peter moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg in 1712, 9 years before the Treaty of Nystad of 1721 ended the war; he referred to Saint Petersburg as the capital (or seat of government) as early as 1704.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.863835573196411, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "During its first few years, the city developed around Trinity Square on the right bank of the Neva, near the Peter and Paul Fortress. However, Saint Petersburg soon started to be built out according to a plan. By 1716 the Swiss Italian Domenico Trezzini had elaborated a project whereby the city centre would be located on Vasilyevsky Island and shaped by a rectangular grid of canals. The project was not completed, but is evident in the layout of the streets. In 1716, Peter the Great appointed French Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond as the chief architect of Saint Petersburg. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.177928924560547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The style of Petrine Baroque, developed by Trezzini and other architects and exemplified by such buildings as the Menshikov Palace, Kunstkamera, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Twelve Collegia, became prominent in the city architecture of the early 18th century. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences, University and Academic Gymnasium were established in Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.8618793487548828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 1725, Peter died at the age of fifty-two. His endeavours to modernize Russia had met with opposition from the Russian nobility—resulting in several attempts on his life and a treason case involving his son. In 1728, Peter II of Russia moved his seat back to Moscow. But four years later, in 1732, under Empress Anna of Russia, Saint Petersburg was again designated as the capital of the Russian Empire. It remained the seat of the Romanov dynasty and the Imperial Court of the Russian Tsars, as well as the seat of the Russian government, for another 186 years until the communist revolution of 1917.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.117969989776611, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Established in 1762, the Commission of Stone Buildings of Moscow and Saint Petersburg ruled that no structure in the city can be higher than the Winter Palace and prohibited spacing between buildings. During the reign of Catherine the Great in the 1760s–1780s, the banks of the Neva were lined with granite embankments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.644113063812256, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "With the emancipation of the peasants undertaken by Alexander II in 1861 and an industrial revolution, the influx of former peasants into the capital increased greatly. Poor boroughs spontaneously emerged on the outskirts of the city. Saint Petersburg surpassed Moscow in population and industrial growth; it developed as one of the largest industrial cities in Europe, with a major naval base (in Kronstadt), river and sea port.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1033079624176025, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The Revolution of 1905 began in Saint Petersburg and spread rapidly into the provinces.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.6348533630371094, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "On September 1, 1914, after the outbreak of World War I, the Imperial government renamed the city Petrograd, meaning \"Peter's City\", to remove the German words Sankt and Burg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252530097961426, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "In September and October 1917, German troops invaded the West Estonian archipelago and threatened Petrograd with bombardment and invasion. On March 12, 1918, the Soviets transferred the government to Moscow, to keep it away from the state border. During the ensuing Civil War, in 1919 general Yudenich advancing from Estonia repeated the attempt to capture the city, but Leon Trotsky mobilized the army and forced him to retreat.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.898953437805176, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "On January 26, 1924, five days after Lenin's death, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad. Later some streets and other toponyms were renamed accordingly. The city has over 230 places associated with the life and activities of Lenin. Some of them were turned into museums, including the cruiser Aurora – a symbol of the October Revolution and the oldest ship in the Russian Navy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.368258476257324, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "In the 1920s and 1930s, the poor outskirts were reconstructed into regularly planned boroughs. Constructivist architecture flourished around that time. Housing became a government-provided amenity; many \"bourgeois\" apartments were so large that numerous families were assigned to what were called \"communal\" apartments (kommunalkas). By the 1930s, 68% of the population lived in such housing. In 1935 a new general plan was outlined, whereby the city should expand to the south. Constructivism was rejected in favor of a more pompous Stalinist architecture. Moving the city center further from the border with Finland, Stalin adopted a plan to build a new city hall with a huge adjacent square at the southern end of Moskovsky Prospekt, designated as the new main street of Leningrad. After the Second World War, the Soviet-Finnish border moved northwards. Nevsky Prospekt with Palace Square maintained the functions and the role of a city center.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.339764595031738, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "In December 1931, Leningrad was administratively separated from Leningrad Oblast. At that time it included the Leningrad Suburban District, some parts of which were transferred back to Leningrad Oblast in 1936 and turned into Vsevolozhsky District, Krasnoselsky District, Pargolovsky District and Slutsky District (renamed Pavlovsky District in 1944). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.98436164855957, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "On December 1, 1934, Sergey Kirov, the popular communist leader of Leningrad, was assassinated, which became the pretext for the Great Purge. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.852587699890137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "During World War II, German forces besieged Leningrad following the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. The siege lasted 872 days, from September 1941 to January 1944. The Siege of Leningrad proved one of the longest, most destructive, and most lethal sieges of a major city in modern history. It isolated the city from most supplies except those provided through the Road of Life across Lake Ladoga. More than one million civilians died, mainly from starvation. Many others were eventually evacuated or escaped, so the city became largely depopulated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.744406700134277, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "On May 1, 1945 Joseph Stalin, in his Supreme Commander Order No. 20, named Leningrad, alongside Stalingrad, Sevastopol, and Odessa, hero cities of the war. A law acknowledging the honorary title of \"Hero City\" passed on May 8, 1965 (the 20th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War), during the Brezhnev era. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded Leningrad as a Hero City the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal \"for the heroic resistance of the city and tenacity of the survivors of the Siege\". The Hero-City Obelisk bearing the Gold Star sign was installed in April 1985.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.10071849822998, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "In October 1946 some territories along the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, which had passed to the USSR from Finland in 1940 under the peace treaty following the Winter War, were transferred from Leningrad Oblast to Leningrad and divided into Sestroretsky District and Kurortny District. These included the town of Terijoki (renamed Zelenogorsk in 1948). Leningrad and many of its suburbs were rebuilt over the post-war decades, partially according to pre-war plans. The 1948 general plan for Leningrad featured radial urban development in the north as well as in the south. In 1953 Pavlovsky District in Leningrad Oblast was abolished, and parts of its territory, including Pavlovsk, merged with Leningrad. In 1954 the settlements Levashovo, Pargolovo and Pesochny merged with Leningrad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.846680641174316, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Leningrad gave its name to the Leningrad Affair (1949–1952), a notable event in the postwar political struggle in the USSR. It was a product of rivalry between Stalin's potential successors where one side was represented by the leaders of the city Communist Party organization—the second most significant one in the country after Moscow. The entire elite leadership of Leningrad was destroyed, including the former mayor Kuznetsov, the acting mayor Pyotr Sergeevich Popkov, and all their deputies; overall 23 leaders were sentenced to the death penalty, 181 to prison or exile (exonerated in 1954). About 2,000 ranking officials across the USSR were expelled from the party and the Komsomol and removed from leadership positions. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.454239368438721, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "The Leningrad Metro underground rapid transit system, designed before the war, opened in 1955 with its first eight stations decorated with marble and bronze. However, after the death of Stalin in 1953, the perceived ornamental excesses of the Stalinist architecture were abandoned. From the 1960s to the 1980s many new residential boroughs were built on the outskirts; while the functionalist apartment blocks were nearly identical to each other, many families moved there from kommunalkas in the city centre in order to live in separate apartments.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.502960205078125, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Meanwhile, economic conditions started to deteriorate as the country tried to adapt to major changes. For the first time since the 1940s, food rationing was introduced, and the city received humanitarian food aid from abroad. This dramatic time was depicted in photographic series of Russian photographer Alexey Titarenko. In 1995 a northern section of the Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro was cut off by underground flooding, creating a major obstacle to the city development for almost ten years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.099697589874268, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The area of Saint Petersburg city proper is . The area of the federal subject is 1439 km2, which contains Saint Petersburg proper (consisting of eighty-one municipal okrugs), nine municipal towns – (Kolpino, Krasnoye Selo, Kronstadt, Lomonosov, Pavlovsk, Petergof, Pushkin, Sestroretsk, Zelenogorsk) – and twenty-one municipal settlements.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.109128475189209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Petersburg is situated on the middle taiga lowlands along the shores of the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland, and islands of the river delta. The largest are Vasilyevsky Island (besides the artificial island between Obvodny canal and Fontanka, and Kotlin in the Neva Bay), Petrogradsky, Dekabristov and Krestovsky. The latter together with Yelagin and Kamenny island are covered mostly by parks. The Karelian Isthmus, North of the city, is a popular resort area. In the south Saint Petersburg crosses the Baltic-Ladoga Klint and meets the Izhora Plateau.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3221845626831055, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Under the Köppen climate classification, Saint Petersburg is classified as Dfb, a humid continental climate. Distinct moderating influence of the Baltic Sea cyclones result in warm, humid and short summers and long, moderately cold wet winters. Climate of Saint Petersburg is close to the climate of Helsinki, although colder in winter and warmer in summer because of more eastern location.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.199567794799805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The average maximum temperature in July is 23 C, and the average minimum temperature in February is ; an extreme temperature of occurred during the 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat wave. A winter minimum of was recorded in 1883. The average annual temperature is . The Neva River within the city limits usually freezes up in November–December and break-up occurs in April. From December to March there are 118 days average with snow cover, which reaches an average snow depth of 19 cm by February. The frost-free period in the city lasts on average for about 135 days. Despite St. Petersburg's northern location, its winters are warmer than Moscow's due to Gulf of Finland. The city also has a slightly warmer climate than its suburbs. Weather conditions are quite variable all year round. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.826334953308105, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "An explanation that the origin of \"Saint-\" in Saint Petersburg is due to Peter the Great's contact with Dutch culture is a common misconception. However this is unlikely as the Dutch Republic adhered to Calvinist Protestantism and had long abandoned and even frowned upon the culture of veneration of saints and the naming of places after them, since the era of reformation. Moreover, \"Saint-\" in the Dutch language is Sint- and not Sankt-. The sample which czar Peter followed does sound like the names of another European cities: Sankt Goar in Germany, Sankt Michael in Austria and some others, of which the closest to Sankt Petersburg was Sankt Michel in the rival Swedish Empire (now Mikkeli in Finland). Sankt- in these toponyms is merely a Germanized form of .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.377274990081787, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In the 1830s Alexander Pushkin translated the \"foreign\" city name of \"Saint Petersburg\" to the more Russian Petrograd in one of his poems. However, it was only on , after the war with Germany had begun, that tsar Nicholas II renamed the capital to Petrograd. Since the prefix 'Saint' was omitted, this act also changed the eponym and the \"patron\" of the city, from Apostle Peter to Peter the Great, its founder.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.6650264263153076, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "After the October Revolution the name Red Petrograd (Красный Петроград) was often used in newspapers and other prints until the city was renamed Leningrad in January 1924.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.019001960754395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "A referendum on reversing the renaming of Leningrad was held on June 12, 1991, with 54.86% of voters (with a turnout of 65%) supporting \"Saint Petersburg\". Renaming the city Petrograd was not an option. This change officially took effect on September 6, 1991. Meanwhile, the oblast whose administrative center is also in Saint Petersburg is still named Leningrad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.532081127166748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Having passed the role of capital to Petersburg, Moscow never relinquished the title of \"capital\", being called pervoprestolnaya (\"first-throned\") for 200 years. An equivalent name for Petersburg, the \"Northern Capital\", has re-entered usage today since several federal institutions were recently moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg. Solemn descriptive names like \"the city of three revolutions\" and \"the cradle of the October revolution\" used in Soviet era are reminders of the pivotal events in national history which occurred here. For their part, poetic names of the city, like the \"Venice of the North\" and the \"Northern Palmyra\" emphasize town-planning and architectural features contrasting these parallels to the northern location of this megalopolis. Petropolis is a translation of a city name to Greek, and is also a kind of descriptive name: Πέτρ~ is a Greek root for \"stone\", so the \"city from stone\" emphasizes the material which had been forcibly made obligatory for construction from the very first years of the city. (Its official Greek name is Αγία Πετρούπολη.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.193587779998779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia. As of the 2010 Census, the federal subject's population is 4,879,566 or 3.4% of the total population of Russia; up from 4,661,219 (3.2%) recorded in the 2002 Census, and down from 5,023,506 recorded in the 1989 Census. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.625791549682617, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "During the 20th century, the city experienced dramatic population changes. From 2.4 million residents in 1916 its population dropped to less than 740,000 by 1920 during the Russian Revolution of 1917 and Russian Civil War. The minorities of Germans, Poles, Finns, Estonians and Latvians were almost completely transferred from Leningrad during the 1930s. From 1941 to the end of 1943, population dropped from 3 million to less than 600,000, as people died in battles, starved to death during the Siege of Leningrad, or were evacuated. After the siege, some of the evacuees returned, but most influx was due to migration from other parts of the Soviet Union. The city absorbed about 3 million people in the 1950s and grew to over 5 million in the 1980s. From 1991 to 2006 the city's population decreased to 4.6 million, while the suburban population increased due to privatization of land and massive move to suburbs. Based on the 2010 census results the current population is over 4.8 million. The birth rate remains lower than the death rate; people over 65 constitute more than twenty percent of the population; and the median age is about 40 years. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.281321048736572, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is a federal subject of Russia (a federal city). The political life of Saint Petersburg is regulated by the Charter of Saint Petersburg adopted by the city legislature in 1998. The superior executive body is the Saint Petersburg City Administration, led by the city governor (mayor before 1996). Saint Petersburg has a single-chamber legislature, the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly which is the city's regional parliament.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.408077239990234, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "According to the federal law passed in 2004, heads of federal subjects, including the governor of Saint Petersburg, were nominated by the President of Russia and approved by local legislatures. Should the legislature disapprove the nominee, President could dissolve it. The former governor, Valentina Matviyenko, was approved according to the new system in December 2006. She was the only woman governor in the whole of Russia until her resignation on August 22, 2011. Matviyenko stood for elections as member of the Regional Council of Saint Petersburg and won comprehensively with allegations of rigging and ballot stuffing by the opposition. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev has already backed her for the position of Speaker to the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and her election qualifies her for that job. After her resignation, Georgy Poltavchenko was appointed as the new acting governor the same day. In 2012, following passage of a new federal law, restoring direct elections of heads of federal subjects, the city charter was again amended to provide for direct elections of governor. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.602170944213867, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Saint Petersburg city is currently divided into eighteen districts. Saint Petersburg is also the unofficial but de facto administrative centre of Leningrad Oblast, and of the Northwestern Federal District. The Constitutional Court of Russia moved to Saint Petersburg from Moscow in May 2008.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.467670440673828, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast, being two different federal subjects, share a number of local departments of federal executive agencies and courts, such as court of arbitration, police, FSB, postal service, drug enforcement administration, penitentiary service, federal registration service, and other federal services.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3974714279174805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "10% of the world's power turbines are made there at the LMZ, which built over two thousand turbines for power plants across the world. Major local industries are Admiralty Shipyard, Baltic Shipyard, LOMO, Kirov Plant, Elektrosila, Izhorskiye Zavody; also registered in Saint Petersburg are Sovkomflot, Petersburg Fuel Company and SIBUR among other major Russian and international companies.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.769705772399902, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has three large cargo seaports: Bolshoi Port Saint Petersburg, Kronstadt, and Lomonosov. International cruise liners have been served at the passenger port at Morskoy Vokzal on the south-west of Vasilyevsky Island. In 2008 the first two berths were opened at the New Passenger Port on the west of the island. The new port is part of the city's \"Marine Facade\" development project and is due to have seven berths in operation by 2010.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.915663242340088, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "A complex system of riverports on both banks of the Neva river are interconnected with the system of seaports, thus making Saint Petersburg the main link between the Baltic sea and the rest of Russia through the Volga-Baltic Waterway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.22148323059082, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 2007, Toyota opened a Camry plant after investing 5 billion roubles (approx. 200 mln dollars) in Shushary, one of the southern suburbs of Saint Petersburg. Opel, Hyundai and Nissan have signed deals with the Russian government to build their automotive plants in Saint Petersburg too. Automotive and auto-parts industry is on the rise there during the last decade.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.77971363067627, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is the location of a significant brewery and distillery industry. It is known as the \"beer capital\" of Russia, due to the supply and quality of local water, contributing over 30% of the domestic production of beer with its five large-scale breweries including Europe's second largest brewery Baltika, Vena (both operated by BBH), Heineken Brewery, Stepan Razin (both by Heineken) and Tinkoff brewery (SUN-InBev).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.401498556137085, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has the second largest construction industry in Russia, including commercial, housing and road construction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.135777473449707, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 2006 Saint Petersburg's city budget was 179.9 billion rubles (about 6.651 billion US$ at 2006 exchange rates), and is planned to double by 2012. The federal subject's gross regional product was 667.905 billion Russian rubles (about 23.611 billion US$ at 2005 exchange rates), ranked 4th in Russia, after Moscow, Tyumen Oblast, and Moscow Oblast, or 145,503.3 rubles per capita (about 5,143.6 US$ at 2005 exchange rates), ranked 12th among Russia's federal subjects, contributed mostly by wholesale and retail trade and repair services (24.7%) as well as processing industry (20.9%) and transportation and telecommunications (15.1%). ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.07260799407959, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has three skyscrapers: Leader Tower (140 m), Alexander Nevsky (124 m) and Atlantic City (105 m) all three being situated far away from the historical centre. Current regulations forbid construction of high buildings in the city centre. The 310 m tall Saint Petersburg TV Tower is the tallest completed structure in the city. However, there was a controversial project endorsed by the city authorities, and known as the Okhta Center, to build a 396 m supertall skyscraper. In 2008, the World Monuments Fund included the Saint Petersburg historic skyline on the watch list of the 100 most endangered sites due to the expected construction, which threatens to alter it drastically. The Okhta Cernter project has been finally cancelled at the end of 2010 and instead of that Lakhta Center project is started at the city outskirts. The complex shall include 463 m office skyscraper and several low rise mixed use buildings. Lakhta center project causes much less controversy and, unlike the previous unbuilt project, is not seen by UNESCO as potential threat to cultural heritage because it is located far away from historical center. Skyscraper construction has already started, the building should be constructed in 2017. It is assumed that the building will be the tallest in Russia and Europe.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.844092845916748, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The ensemble of Peter and Paul Fortress with the Peter and Paul Cathedral takes a dominant position on Zayachy Island along the right bank of the River Neva. Each noon a cannon fires a blank shot from the fortress. The Saint Petersburg Mosque, the largest mosque in Europe when opened in 1913, is situated on the right bank nearby. The Spit of Vasilievsky Island, which splits the river into two largest armlets, the Bolshaya Neva and Malaya Neva, is connected to the northern bank (Petrogradsky Island) via the Exchange Bridge and occupied by the Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns. The southern coast of Vasilyevsky Island along the Bolshaya Neva features some of the city's oldest buildings, dating from the 18th century, including the Kunstkamera, Twelve Collegia, Menshikov Palace and Imperial Academy of Arts. It hosts one of two campuses of Saint Petersburg State University.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.603707313537598, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Other symbols of Saint Petersburg include the weather vane in the shape of a small ship on top of the Admiralty's golden spire and the golden angel on top of the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The Palace Bridge drawn at night is yet another symbol of the city. Every night during the navigation period from April to November, 22 bridges across the Neva and main canals are drawn to let ships pass in and out of the Baltic Sea according to a schedule. It was not until 2004 that the first high bridge across the Neva, which does not need to be drawn, Big Obukhovsky Bridge, was opened. There are hundreds of smaller bridges in Saint Petersburg spanning across numerous canals and distributaries of the Neva, some of the most important of which are the Moika, Fontanka, Griboyedov Canal, Obvodny Canal, Karpovka and Smolenka. Due to the intricate web of canals, Saint Petersburg is often called Venice of the North. The rivers and canals in the city centre are lined with granite embankments. The embankments and bridges are separated from rivers and canals by granite or cast iron parapets.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.246788501739502, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Southern suburbs of the city feature former imperial residences, including Petergof, with majestic fountain cascades and parks, Tsarskoe Selo, with the baroque Catherine Palace and the neoclassical Alexander Palace, and Pavlovsk, which contains a domed palace of Emperor Paul and one of the largest English-style parks in Europe. Some other residences situated nearby and making part of the world heritage site, including a castle and park in Gatchina, actually belong to Leningrad Oblast rather than Saint Petersburg. Another notable suburb is Kronstadt with its 19th-century fortifications and naval monuments, occupying the Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.395973205566406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Some of these structures, such as the Saint Petersburg Commodity and Stock Exchange have been recognised as town-planning errors. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.713363170623779, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is home to more than two hundred museums, many of them hosted in historic buildings. The largest of the museums is the Hermitage Museum, featuring interiors of the former imperial residence and a vast collection of art. The Russian Museum is a large museum devoted specifically to Russian fine art. The apartments of some famous Petersburgers, including Alexander Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Feodor Chaliapin, Alexander Blok, Vladimir Nabokov, Anna Akhmatova, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Joseph Brodsky, as well as some palace and park ensembles of the southern suburbs and notable architectural monuments such as St. Isaac's Cathedral, have also been turned into public museums.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.9932475090026855, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "A number of museums provide insight into the Soviet history of Saint Petersburg, including the Museum of the Blockade, which describes the Siege of Leningrad and the Museum of Political History, which explains many authoritarian features of the U.S.S.R..", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.780794620513916, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Other notable museums include the Central Naval Museum, and Zoological Museum, the Railway Museum, Suvorov Museum, Museum of the Siege of Leningrad, Erarta Museum of Contemporary Art, the largest non-governmental Museum of contemporary art in Russia, Saint Petersburg Museum of History in the Peter and Paul Fortress and Artillery Museum, which includes not only artillery items, but also a huge collection of other military equipment, uniforms and decorations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.342333793640137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Among other notable parks are the Maritime Victory Park on Krestovsky Island and the Moscow Victory Park in the south, both commemorating the victory over Nazi Germany in the Second World War, as well as the Central Park of Culture and Leisure occupying Yelagin Island and the Tauride Garden around the Tauride Palace. The most common trees grown in the parks are the English oak, Norway maple, green ash, silver birch, Siberian larch, blue spruce, crack willow, limes, and poplars. Important dendrological collections dating back to the 19th century are hosted by the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden and the Park of the Forestry Academy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.31064510345459, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In order to commemorate 300 years anniversary of Saint Petersburg a new park was laid out. The park is situated in the north western part of the city. The construction was started in 1995. It is planned to connect the park with the pedestrian bridge to the territory of Lakhta Center's recreation areas. In the park 300 trees of valuable sorts, 300 decorative apple-trees, 70 limes. 300 other trees and bushes were planted. These trees were presented to Saint Petersburg by non-commercial and educational organizations of the city, its sister-cities, city of Helsinki, heads of other regions of Russia, German Savings Bank and other people and organizations. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7256879806518555, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has significant historical and cultural heritage and is thus considered a highly attractive tourist destination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4247045516967773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list as an area with 36 historical architectural complexes and around 4000 outstanding individual monuments of architecture, history and culture. New tourist programs and sightseeing tours have been developed for those wishing to see Saint Petersburg's cultural heritage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.110376358032227, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Despite the economic instability of the 1990s, not a single major theatre or museum was closed in Saint Petersburg; on the contrary many new ones opened, for example a private museum of puppets (opened in 1999) is the third museum of its kind in Russia, where collections of more than 2000 dolls are presented including 'The multinational Saint Petersburg' and 'Pushkin's Petersburg'. The museum world of Saint Petersburg is incredibly diverse. The city is not only home to the world-famous Hermitage Museum and the Russian Museum with its rich collection of Russian art, but also the palaces of Saint Petersburg and its suburbs, so-called small town museums and others like the museum of famous Russian writer Dostoyevsky; Museum of Musical Instruments, the museum of decorative arts and the museum of professional orientation.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.440199136734009, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The musical life of Saint Petersburg is rich and diverse, with the city now playing host to a number of annual carnivals.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.14967155456543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Ballet performances occupy a special place in the cultural life of Saint Petersburg. The Petersburg School of Ballet is named as one of the best in the world. Traditions of the Russian classical school have been passed down from generation to generation among outstanding educators. The art of famous and prominent Saint Petersburg dancers like Rudolf Nureyev, Natalia Makarova, Mikhail Baryshnikov was, and is, admired throughout the world. Contemporary Petersburg ballet is made up not only of traditional Russian classical school, but also ballets by those like Boris Eifman, who expanded the scope of strict classical Russian ballet to almost unimaginable limits. Remaining faithful to the classical basis (he was a choreographer in Vaganova Academy of Dance), he combined classical ballet with the avant-garde style, and then, in turn, with acrobatics, rhythmic gymnastics, dramatic expressiveness, cinema, color, light, and finally with spoken word.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.6558642387390137, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is a major transport hub. The first Russian railway was built here in 1837, and since then the city's transport infrastructure has continued to develop and keep pace with the growth of the city. Petersburg has an extensive system of local roads and railway services, maintains a large public transport system that includes the Saint Petersburg tram and the Saint Petersburg Metro, and is home to a number of riverine services that convey passengers around the city efficiently and in relative comfort.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5827858448028564, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has an extensive city-funded network of public transport (buses, trams, trolleybuses) and several hundred routes served by marshrutkas. Trams in Saint Petersburg used to be the main mean of transport; in the 1980s this was the largest tram network in the world, but many tracks were dismantled in the 2000s.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.123316764831543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Buses carry up to three million passengers daily, serving over 250 urban and a number of suburban bus routes. Saint Petersburg Metro underground rapid transit system was opened in 1955; it now has 5 lines with 67 stations, connecting all five railway terminals, and carrying 2.3 million passengers daily. Metro stations are often elaborately decorated with materials such as marble and bronze.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.09101676940918, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Traffic jams are common in the city due to daily commuter traffic volumes, intercity traffic and excessive winter snow. The construction of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road, which was completed in 2011, helped to partially reduce the traffic in the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.778053283691406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is an important transport corridor linking Scandinavia to Russia and Eastern Europe. The city is a node of the international European routes E18 towards Helsinki, E20 towards Tallinn, E95 towards Pskov, Kiev and Odessa and E105 towards Petrozavodsk, Murmansk and Kirkenes (north) and towards Moscow and Kharkiv (south).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.278972148895264, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "The shipping company St Peter Line operates two ferries which sail from Helsinki to St Petersburg and from Stockholm to St Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.668196678161621, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The city is the final destination for a web of intercity and suburban railways, served by five different railway terminals (Baltiysky, Finlyandsky, Ladozhsky, Moskovsky and Vitebsky), as well as dozens of non-terminal railway stations within the federal subject. Saint Petersburg has international railway connections to Helsinki, Finland, Berlin, Germany and many former republics of the USSR. The Helsinki railway, which was built in 1870 and is 443 km long, has trains running four times a day, in a journey lasting about three and a half hours with the new Allegro train.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.859955787658691, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway opened in 1851, and is 651 km long; the commute to Moscow now requires from three and a half to nine hours. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.841952323913574, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 2009 Russian Railways launched a high speed service for the Moscow – Saint Petersburg route. The new train, known as Sapsan, is a derivative of the popular Siemens Velaro train; various versions of this already operate in some European countries. It set records for the fastest train in Russia on May 2, 2009, travelling at 281 km/h and on May 7, 2009, traveling at 290 km/h.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.821967124938965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Since December 12, 2010 Karelian Trains, a joint venture between Russian Railways and VR (Finnish Railways), has been running Alstom Pendolino operated high-speed services between Saint Petersburg's Finlyandsky and Helsinki's Central railway stations. These services are branded as \"Allegro\" trains.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.963702201843262, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg is served by Pulkovo International Airport, and also by three smaller commercial and cargo airports in the suburbs. Lappeenranta Airport, which is located near Saint Petersburg but on the Finnish side of the border is also popular among Russian travellers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.510827541351318, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "All major Russian newspapers are active in Saint Petersburg. The city has a developed telecommunications system. In 2014 Rostelecom, the national operator announced it began a major modernization of the fixed-line network in the city. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.4761481285095215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "/2007 there were 1024 kindergartens, 716 public schools and 80 vocational schools in Saint Petersburg. The largest of the public higher education institutions is Saint Petersburg State University, enrolling approximately 32,000 undergraduate students; and the largest non-governmental higher education institutions is the Institute of International Economic Relations, Economics and Law. Other famous universities are Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University, Herzen University and Saint Petersburg Military engineering-technical university. However, the public universities are all federal property and do not belong to the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.452952861785889, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The First music professional institution – Conservatory – appeared in 1862 in St. Petersburg thanks to the Russian pianist and composer Anton Rubinstein. The school alumni have included such notable composers as Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Artur Kapp, and Rudolf Tobias and Dmitri Shostakovich, who taught at the conservatory during the 1960s, bringing it additional fame.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4856648445129395, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Famous Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov who taught at the Conservatory for more than 30 years, created strong composers' school. Among his students were Igor Stravinsky, Alexander Glazounov, Anatoly Liadov and others. The only composer's museum in St. Petersburg is now museum in the former apartment of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. The completeness and authenticity of these rooms make the museum particularly invaluable.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.3503522872924805, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Dmitri Shostakovich, who was born and raised in Saint Petersburg, dedicated his Seventh Symphony to the city, calling it the \"Leningrad Symphony.\" He wrote the symphony while in the city during the siege of Leningrad. The 7th symphony was premiered in 1942; its performance in the besieged Leningrad at the Bolshoy Philharmonic Hall under the baton of conductor Karl Eliasberg. It was heard over the radio and lifted the spirits of the survivors. In 1992 a reunion performance of the 7th Symphony by the (then) 14 survivors was played in the same hall as they done half a century earlier. The Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra remained one of the best known symphony orchestras in the world under the leadership of conductors Yevgeny Mravinsky and Yuri Temirkanov. Mravinsky's term as artistic director of the Leningrad Philharmonic – a term which is possibly the longest of any conductor with any orchestra in modern times – led the orchestra from being a little-known provincial ensemble to it becoming one of the world's most highly regarded orchestras today, especially for the performance of Russian music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8400046825408936, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Saint Petersburg has been home to the newest movements in popular music in the country. The first jazz band in the Soviet Union was founded here by Leonid Utyosov in the 1920s, under the patronage of Isaak Dunayevsky. The first jazz club in the Soviet Union was founded here in the 1950s and was later named jazz club Kvadrat. In 1956 the popular ensemble Druzhba was founded by Aleksandr Bronevitsky and Edita Piekha to become the first popular band in the USSR during the 1950s. In the 1960s student rock-groups Argonavty, Kochevniki and others pioneered a series of unofficial and underground rock concerts and festivals. In 1972 Boris Grebenshchikov founded the band Aquarium which later grew to huge popularity. Since then \"Peter's rock\" music style was formed.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.931108236312866, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "In the 1970s many bands came out from 'underground' and eventually founded the Leningrad rock club, which provided a stage to such bands as DDT, Kino, headed by the legendary Viktor Tsoi, Alisa, Zemlyane, Zoopark, Piknik, Secret and many other popular groups. The first Russian-style happening show Pop Mekhanika, mixing over 300 people and animals on stage, was directed by the multi-talented Sergey Kuryokhin in the 1980s. The annual International Music Festival SKIF (Sergey Kuriokhin International Festival) is named after him. In 2004 the Kuryokhin Center was founded, were the SKIF as well as the Electro-Mechanica festival and Ethnomechanica festival takes place. SKIF focuses on experimental pop music and avant garde music, Electro-Mechanica on electronic music and Ethnomechanica on world music.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.368941307067871, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Today's Saint Petersburg boasts many notable musicians of various genres, from popular Leningrad's Sergei Shnurov, Tequilajazzz, Splean, Korol i Shut, to rock veterans Yuri Shevchuk, Vyacheslav Butusov and Mikhail Boyarsky. In the early 2000s on a wave of popularity of metalcore, rapcore, emocore and there are such groups as Amatory, Kirpichi, Psychea, Stigmata, Grenouer and Animal Jazz.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.004261016845703, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The White Nights Festival in Saint Petersburg is famous for spectacular fireworks and a massive show celebrating the end of the school year.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.7780280113220215, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "The cult comedy Irony of Fate (also Ирония судьбы, или С лёгким паром!) is set in Saint Petersburg and pokes fun at Soviet city planning. The 1985 film White Nights received considerable Western attention for having captured genuine Leningrad street scenes at a time when filming in the Soviet Union by Western production companies was generally unheard of. Other movies include GoldenEye (1995), Midnight in Saint Petersburg (1996), Brother (1997) and Tamil romantic thriller film-Dhaam Dhoom (2008). Onegin (1999) is based on the Pushkin poem and showcases many tourist attractions. In addition, the Russian romantic comedy, Питер FM, intricately showcases the cityscape, almost as if it were a main character in the film.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.2204909324646, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Several international film festivals are held annually, such as the Festival of Festivals, Saint Petersburg, as well as the Message to Man International Documentary Film Festival, since its inauguration in 1988 during the White Nights. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.555152893066406, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Leningrad hosted part of the association football tournament during the 1980 Summer Olympics. The 1994 Goodwill Games were also held here.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.223363876342773, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "In boating, the first competition here was the 1703 rowing event initiated by Peter the Great, after the victory over the Swedish fleet. Yachting events were held by the Russian Navy since the foundation of the city. Yacht clubs: St. Petersburg River Yacht Club, Neva Yacht Club, the latter is the oldest yacht club in the world. In the winter, when the sea and lake surfaces are frozen and yachts and dinghies cannot be used, local people sail ice boats.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.408064842224121, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Kirov Stadium (now demolished) was one of the largest stadiums in the world and home to FC Zenit Saint Petersburg from 1950 to 1993 and again in 1995. In 1951 a crowd of 110,000 set the single-game attendance record for Soviet football. In 1984, 2007, 2010 and 2011/2012 Zenit were the champions of the Soviet and Russian leagues, respectively, and won the Russian Cup in 1999 and 2010, the UEFA Cup 2007–08 season and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The team leader was local player Andrei Arshavin. Zenit currently play their home games at Petrovsky Stadium. The New Zenit Stadium, which will host 2018 FIFA World Cup matches, is currently under construction.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.188568115234375, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "There is also a second professional football club in Saint Petersburg which is called FC Petrotrest Saint Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.077665328979492, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Hockey teams in the city include SKA Saint Petersburg in the KHL, HC VMF St. Petersburg in the VHL, and junior clubs SKA-1946 and Silver Lions in the Russian Major League. SKA Saint Petersburg is one of the most popular KHL, consistently being at or near the top of the league in attendance, despite the fact that they have never won the championship. Well-known players include Maxim Afinogenov, Patrick Thoresen, Dmitri Kalinin, Petr Průcha and Viktor Tikhonov. During the NHL lockout, stars Ilya Kovalchuk, Sergei Bobrovsky and Vladimir Tarasenko also played for the team. They play their home games at Ice Palace Saint Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7506299018859863, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The city's long-time basketball team is BC Spartak Saint Petersburg, which launched the career of Andrei Kirilenko. Spartak won two championships in the USSR Premier League (1975 and 1992), two USSR Cups (1978 and 1987), and a Russian Cup title (2011). They also won the Saporta Cup twice (1973 and 1975). Legends of the club include Alexander Belov and Vladimir Kondrashin. The city also has a new basketball team, BC Zenit Saint Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.22869873046875, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The crime dynamic in Saint Petersburg is tightly associated with the general social situation in the country. A sharp spike in the crime level occurred in the late 1980s/early 1990s as a result of the Perestroika-time turmoils (redistribution of property, privatization, decline of living standards, decrease of the effectiveness of militsiya etc.) By then the city had fallen under the control of a number of organized criminal groups such as Tambov Gang, Malyshev Gang, Kazan Gang and ethnic criminal groups, engaged in racket, extortion, paying off local government and violent clashes with each other. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.30643892288208, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "After the assassinations of City Property Committee Chairman and vice-Governor Mikhail Manevich (1997), State Duma deputy Galina Starovoytova (1998), acting City Legislature Speaker Viktor Novosyolov (1999) and a number of prominent businesspeople, Saint Petersburg was dubbed Capital of Crime in the Russian press. There were a number of movies filmed in Saint Petersburg about the life of crime, Banditskiy Peterburg: Advocat and Brother, reinforcing its image as the Crime Capital of Russia. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.763727188110352, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "According to official sources the number of crimes committed by foreigners in Saint Petersburg in 2010 increased by 11.1%. Law enforcement authorities consider this was associated with an increased number of people from some CIS republics who live in Saint Petersburg illegally. On the other hand, some media reported that in recent years there had been a notable increase in racially motivated violence, in particular towards foreign students. One of the notable white supremacist groups, Belaya Energia (White Energy, inspired by US \"White Power\" groups) has reportedly been one of the gangs involved in murdering foreign university students.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.960484027862549, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The official portal of the Government of Saint Petersburg provided data on significant improvements in the crime situation. In particular, it was reported that the number of crimes against tourists had decreased by more than half during 2009–2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.041745662689209, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 2012, Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs warned LGBT travellers about a vaguely worded law in Saint Petersburg (which came into effect on March 17, 2012) that makes it a criminal offence to publicize acts of male or female homosexuality, bisexuality, or transgenderism. It is purportedly designed to protect minors. A Russian travel advisory on the Foreign Affairs website notes that while homosexuality is legal in Russia (it was decriminalized in 1993), LGBT Canadian travellers should avoid \"displaying affection in public, as homosexuals can be targets of violence… Public actions (including dissemination of information, statements, displays or conspicuous behaviour) contradicting or appearing to contradict this law may lead to arrest, prosecution and the imposition of a fine.\" ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.645702362060547, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "List of sister cities to Saint Petersburg, just like it appears on the official portal of the City Government, listing both sister cities and partnership ties.: ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.182880401611328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Milan and Venice were formerly twin cities of Saint Petersburg, but suspended this link due to St Petersburg's ban on \"gay propaganda\". Milan suspended the relationship with Saint Petersburg on November 23, 2012 and Venice did so on January 28, 2013. The City of Los Angeles will debate whether to suspend the sister city status in 2013 and Carl Katter, half-brother of Australian politician Bob Katter, is campaigning for Melbourne, Vic., to drop ties as well.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.714211463928223, "source": "wiki", "title": "Saint Petersburg" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "After that Italian opera troupes were welcomed to Russia for the entertaining of the Empress and her Court.In 1735 a big Italian opera troupe led by a composer Francesco Araja was invited for the first time to work in Saint Petersburg. The first opera given by them was Araja’s La forza dell'amore e dell'odio, with a text by Francesco Prata, staged on February 8 [OS January 29], 1736 as Sila lyubvi i nenavisti (The Power of Love and Hatred).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.030491828918457, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Araja’s next two productions were the operas seria Il finto Nino, overo La Semiramide riconosciuta to the text by Francesco Silvani given on February 9, 1737 [OS January 28], Saint Petersburg and Artaserse to the text by Pietro Metastasio, performed on February 9, 1738 [OS January 28] in Saint Petersburg. Araja spent around 25 year in Russia and wrote at least 14 operas for the Russian Court.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.54379415512085, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 1742, in connection witho the celebration of the coronation of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna in Moscow the opera Tito Vespasiano [La clemenza di Tito] by Johann Adolf Hasse (1699–1783) was staged. A new theatre was built especially for this event. In 1743 at \"Zimnij Dvorets\", the (Winter Palace) in Saint Petersburg, instead of a small hall of \"Comedie et opere\" was built a new Opera House (architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli) that held about a thousand persons.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.578032493591309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The staging of Araja’s opera seria Bellerofonte, text by Giuseppe Bonecchi (December 9, 1750 [OS November 28], Saint Petersburg) was notable for the participation of a Russian singer from “pevchie” of the Court Capella, Mark Poltoratski, who played the role of Ataman, a nobleman of Kingdom of Likia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.130409240722656, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The first opera written in Russian was Araja’s Tsefal i Prokris (Cephalus and Prokris, libretto by Alexander Sumarokov) that was staged at Saint Petersburg on March 7, [OS February 27], 1755.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.14387845993042, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The second opera set to a Russian text was Alceste, 1758, libretto by Alexander Sumarokov) by German composer Hermann Raupach (1728–1778) also serving to the Russian Court. Raupach spent 18 years in Russia and died in Saint Petersburg in 1778.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.029008388519287, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "In 1757 a private opera enterprise directed by Giovanni Battista Locatelli (1713 – c. 1770) was invited to Saint Petersburg. They had shown an opera every week for the court, and two-three times a week they were allowed to give open public performances. The repertoire was mostly of Italian opera buffa. For the first three years the troupe had presented the seven operas by Baldassare Galuppi (1706–1785)including Il mondo della luna (The World of the Moon), Il Filosofo di campagna (The Village Philosopher), and Il mondo alla roversa, ossia Le donne che commandono (The Worlds Upside Down, or Women Command).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.071324825286865, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Vincenzo Manfredini (1737–1799) spent 12 years in Russia and died in Saint Petersburg. The son and pupil of famous baroque composer Francesco Manfredini, he was a music teacher for Pavel Petrovich who later became Emperor of Russia. For the Russian Imperial Court Manfredini wrote five operas including: Semiramide (1760, Saint Petersburg), L'Olimpiade (1762 Moscow) and Carlo Magno (1763 Saint Petersburg).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.7670280933380127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Giovanni Paisiello (1740–1816), a famous Neapolitan composer of more than 100 operas seria and buffa, he spent in Russia eight years (1776–1783), where he wrote 12 operas including Nitteti (1777 Saint Petersburg), Lucinda e Armidoro (1777 Saint Petersburg), Il barbiere di Siviglia, ovvero La precauzione inutile (1782 Hermitage Theatre), and Il mondo della luna (1782 Kamenny Island Theatre).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.024895668029785, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Giuseppe Sarti (1729–1802), a composer of about 40 operas, he spent in Russia eighteen years (1784–1802). After being for eight years a maestro di cappella at the Imperial Court, he spent the next four years at the service of Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin at his estate in Southern Russia. Then he returned to the Court. In 1801 he solicited permission to return, because his health was broken. The emperor Alexander I dismissed him in 1802 with a liberal pension. Sarti died in Berlin. His most successful operas in Russia were Armida e Rinaldo and The Early Reign of Oleg (Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega), for the latter of which the empress herself wrote the libretto. Among the nine operas written in Russia are also: Gli amanti consolati (1784 Saint Petersburg), I finti eredi (1785 Saint Petersburg, Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre), Castore e Polluce (1786 Hermitage Theatre) and La famille indienne en Angleterre (1799 Saint Petersburg, Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.863946914672852, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Domenico Cimarosa, (1749–1801) another famous Neapolitan composer, singer, violinist, harpsichordist, conductor ant teacher, who composed about 75 operas, was a maestro di cappella in Russia for five years (1787–1791), where wrote: La felicità inaspettata (1788 Hermitage Theatre), La vergine del sol'e (1788? Hermitage Theatre; 1789 Saint Petersburg, Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre) and La Cleopatra (Cleopatra e Marc Antonio 1789 Hermitage Theatre)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.679555892944336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Two of his operas premiered in Vienna, but also staged in Russia, Una cosa rara, o sia Bellezza ed onestà (The Rare Thing) and L'arbore di Diana (Diana's Tree) were especially popular. The first of them performed in Russian translation of Ivan Dmitrievsky had some elements of the antifeudal directivity. He died in Saint Petersburg in January 1806.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.765226364135742, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "Antoine Bullant (also known as Antoine or Jean Bullant, 1750–1821), another composer of Czech origin settled in Russia in 1780 wrote a large number of operas with Russian librettos, often within Russian national settings. He was especially famous for his comic opera Sbitenshchik (Сбитеньщик — Sbiten Vendor), comic opera in 3 acts, written to the libretto by Yakov Knyazhnin (remake of Molière's L'école des femmes). The opera was staged 1783 or 1784 in Saint Petersburg, at the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre, and was played until 1853.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.5854926109313965, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "CompaniesRistori troupe (performed in 1731, Moscow)Araja troupe (1735–1759)Locatelli private entreprise (1757–1760s)Sheremetev private theatre (1751–1809)Bolshoi Theatre Mikhail Medoks (or Michael Maddox) theatre (from 1776)Imperial opera and ballet theatre (from 1783, St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.35865592956543, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Vasily Pashkevich (1742–1797), a Russian composer was famous for his comic opera The Miser. Its roles are: Scriagin, Liubima’s guardian; Liubima, his niece; Milovid, her beloved; Marfa, the servant girl that Scriagin is in love with; Prolaz, Milovid’s manservant who is in Scriagin’s service. Accordingly the speech and the names of the characters of Molière's comedy were turned into Russian as well as the music that combines some features of European form with typically Russian melodies. Another his opera Fevey was written to the libretto by Catherine II. Other operas are: The Carriage Accident (Neschastye ot karety, 1779 Saint Petersburg, Karl Kniper Theatre, St Petersburg Bazaar (Sankt Peterburgskiy Gostinyi Dvor, 1782 Saint Petersburg), Kniper Theatre, The Burden Is Not Heavy if It Is Yours (Svoya nosha ne tyanet, 1794), The Early Reign of Oleg (Nachal'noye upravleniye Olega, libretto by Catherine II, 1790 Saint Petersburg)– together with Giuseppe Sarti and C. Cannobio), Fedul and His Children (Fedul s det'mi, libretto by Catherine II, 1791 Saint Petersburg) – together with Martin y Soler), The Pasha of Tunis (Pasha tunisskiy, 1782 libretto by Mikhail Matinsky) and You Shall Be Judged As You Lived (Kak pozhivyosh', tak i proslyvyosh 1792St. Petersburg) — rev. of St Petersburg Bazaar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.90761137008667, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The 19th century was the golden age of Russian opera. It began with a success of a massive and slowly developing operatic project: the opera Lesta, dneprovskaya rusalka and its three sequels (1803–1807, first in Saint Petersburg) based on the German romantic-comic piece Das Donauweibchen by Ferdinand Kauer (1751–1831) with the Russian text and additional music by Russianized Venetian immigrant Catterino Cavos (1775–1840) and Stepan Davydov (1777–1825).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8145523071289062, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "This success was continued with the brilliant operatic career of Alexey Verstovsky (1799–1862), who composed more 30 opera-vaudevilles and 6 grand-operas including Askold's Grave (Askoldova mogila, first performed in 1835) that received about 200 performances in Saint Petersburg and 400 in Moscow only for the first 25 years.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.8508548736572266, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894) with his 19 operas including The Demon (1875 Saint Petersburg);", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.5598480701446533, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*Vakula the Smith (Kuznets Vakula), 1874, 1876 Saint Petersburg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8836050033569336, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*The Maid of Orleans (Orleanskaya deva), 1878–1879, 1881 Saint Petersburg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.237827301025391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "*The Snow Maiden (Snegurochka 1881 1st version, premiered 1882, Saint Petersburg; c. 1895 2nd version)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.680698394775391, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "There were built a lot of new opera theatres including Bolshoi Theatre (opened since 1825 Moscow), and Mariinsky Theatre, opened since 1860 Saint Petersburg).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.69162368774414, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "passage": "The first was Tsar Demyan – a frightful opera performance (a collective project of the five participants: composers Leonid Desyatnikov and Vyacheslav Gaivoronsky from Saint Petersburg, Iraida Yusupova and Vladimir Nikolayev from Moscow, and the creative collective \"Kompozitor,\" (a pseudonym for the well-known music critic Pyotr Pospelov) to the libretto by Elena Polenova after a folk-drama Tsar Maksimilyan, premiere June 20, 2001 Mariinski Theatre, Saint Petersburg. Prize \"Gold Mask, 2002\" and \"Gold Soffit, 2002\".", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.723168849945068, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "\"Comedie et opere\", (small hall in a wing of Zimniy Dvorets—(The Winter Palace, From 1735 St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.676177024841309, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Theatre of Letniy Sad — (Summer Garden), from 1735 St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.163842678070068, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Opera House (with 1000 seats, at Zimniy Dvorets — (The Winter Palace, from 1743, St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5156145095825195, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Karl Kniper Theatre (1777–1797 St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.1846067905426025, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Chinese Opera Theatre (From 1779, Tsarskoe Selo near St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.447486400604248, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre (1783–1811, St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.792163133621216, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Imperial Kamenny Theatre or the Bolshoi Theatre of Saint Petersburg, (St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.824089527130127, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Kamenny Island Theatre (from 1826 St Petersburg)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2025396823883057, "source": "wiki", "title": "Russian opera" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "Meanwhile serious changes were ripening. From the second half of the nineteenth century Russia was rapidly catching up with Europe в its industry had an accelerated development. At the turn of the centuries St Petersburg turned into an immense industrial centre. Changes in everyday life were unusually swift: many aristocrats replaced horse-drawn vehicles by cars; telephones, electricity, water supply lines and other modern conveniences were introduced. Modern trends in the design of clothes, hair-styles and a mode of conduct were changing as short-lived fancies. A new type of businessmen – bankers and entrepreneurs who owned large fortunes – have emerged. It was in this period that the last grand style, Art Nouveau, rapidly broke into the city’s architectural silhouette. New buildings at the Petrograd Side and Vasilyevsky Island were so unusual in design that they seemed to implement the early Romanticists’ dream of changing the world by means of beauty. Not only dwelling houses were then designed in the “Northern Art Nouveau” style – sometimes combined with Neo-Classicism – many banks and shops reminiscent of palaces by their richly decorated facades were also erected. The 1910s saw a rise, within this new stylistic movement, of a more experimental trend, Constructivism, that became especially widespread in industrial architecture.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2145092487335205, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "A short period dominated by the Art Nouveau style – merely some three decades – was a crucial era in the history of St Petersburg and entire Russia. That was a contradictory time marked by an upsurge of creative activities of the Russian intelligentsia and a presentiment of an imminent catastrophe. The turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century coincided with a decline of old thinking and it was the northern capital that became the focus of intense spiritual quests and the main arena of the so-called Silver Age of Russian culture. The creative destinies of artists, actors, poets and musicians were interwoven no less whimsically than the lines of Art Nouveau itself. The atmosphere of the capital was permeated with mysticism and poetry. Disputes, lectures and editorial tea-drinking parties where writers and poets could meet with their readers were then popular; various ideas connected with the most profound and vital problems of the age were put forward.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.5751690864562988, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "The uncrowned queen of this bohemian world was the poet Anna Akhmatova who held supreme authority in the Wandering Dog cabaret and became its symbol of a sort. The most notable phenomenon in the artistic life of the capital was the World of Art society, with the artist Alexander Benois as one of its founders. The World of Art members arranged exhibitions, issued a magazine of the same name and eventually formed a new artistic movement. They succeeded to show to their contemporaries the fleeting, phantasmal charm of St Petersburg, despite the then prevailing opinion about its exceedingly official character. Sergei Diaghilev played a special role in this circle. Energetic and enterprising, he organized the “Russian Seasons”, a festival of Russian opera and ballet performances", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.396411895751953, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "which enjoyed a great success in Paris from 1907 onwards. The turn of the century saw a growing passion for the theatre, although the inhabitants of St Petersburg had been inveterate theatre-goers since time immemorial. With the appearance of folk theatres all layers of population could acquaint themselves with this kind of art. Small theatres, cabarets with performing actors and private stages emerged in the capital. Worthy of special note among them was the theatre headed by the actress Vera Kommissarzhevskaya. It was she who invited the now famous Vsevolod Meyerhold from Moscow in 1906. Meyerhold, a creator of an avant-garde theatrical theory, believed that “secret doors to the Wonderland” were open to him as an artistic director, although many people regarded him as a mere “scenic juggler”", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.2320291996002197, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "St petersburg", "passage": "This first Russian revolution, however, soon began to decline. Life in the brilliant St Petersburg went along the routine lines again, but not for a very long time. In less than a decade the events grew threatening again. In the summer of 1914 the capital of the Empire was shocked by the news that the First World War broke out. The city was soon seized with patriotic fervour and destruction attacks of all German companies began, In August 1914 St Petersburg was renamed Petrograd – the “German” name was replaced with a “Slavic” version, The giant state machine was collapsing;", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.129148960113525, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "The Cruiser Aurora. Built in 1897-1903. Put at the permanent berth near the Petrogradskaya Embankment", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.252605438232422, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "The radical Bolsheviks succeeded in quickly establishing their cruel regime in the capital. Troublesome rumours spread around the city; life was getting increasingly chaotic. In March 1918 the Bolsheviks shifted the capital of the newly formed state, the country of the Soviets, to Moscow. The loss of the status of the capital city greatly affected Petrograd – it lost its former glitter, money and power. Unemployment, devastation, famine, frosts and other disasters came down upon the city. Everything was frozen, from water supply lines to lavatories; people were dying on", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.974507331848145, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "ice-bound pavements; they burnt furniture and books and demolished wooden houses for use as firewood. In January 1924, after Lenin’s death, the city was renamed Leningrad and the authorities did their best to obliterate every trace of the brilliant past of St Petersburg from one’s mind.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.587802767753601, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "However, the stately and brilliant St Petersburg, as it had been in Pushkin’s era, was gradually turning into a dull and featureless Soviet metropolis, Leningrad. “A window onto Europe” was closed, and now only rare ships from the West could be seen in the port. The residents of the once glorious northern capital began to call it bitterly “a great city with the destiny of a regional centre”. One can hardly say now what would come out of it, where it not for Gorbachev’s perestroika. Among the most positive changes it brought was a decision to give the city its historical name again:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.685781955718994, "source": "search", "title": "St-Petersburg: 20th Century - Saint-Petersburg online" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": ":: St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present ::", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9270739555358887, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Cultural phenomena produced by the city of St. Petersburg have traditionally been investigated from the point of view of the St. Petersburg Myth and the so-called", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.037838935852051, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "The aim of the St. Petersburg / Leningrad Project is to elucidate the relationship between the classical interpretations of the city as conveyed in the Petersburg Text along with its mythological constructions, and contemporary St. Petersburg culture with the focus on the ways the present city generates new texts. In order to achieve such an aim it is necessary that literary studies and cultural studies be in constant dialogue with multidisciplinary urban studies, sociology and semiotics. This dialogue is a means to problematise in a new way the appropriateness of the application of the St. Petersburg Myth and Text in the study of contemporary culture. On the other hand, the approach guarantees that the meaning of historical tradition, essential for examining contemporary culture, is not ignored.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4868814945220947, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "When examining the special features of St. Petersburg culture, one must investigate it in its relation to Moscow and Muscovite culture. The latter is traditionally conceived of as the embodiment of “authentic” Russian culture, whereas St. Petersburg is regarded as an intersection where Western and Eastern cultural traditions meet. St. Petersburg as the West is a truism, whose manifold manifestations have found their way into contemporary culture. However, it is a truism, whose content needs to be questioned. The notion of “otherness” is crucial in comprehending St. Petersburg culture, because St. Petersburg has always been defined as “the other” in the Russian context in its relationship to Moscow. As “the alien in our own midst” it has become the place for cultural communication par excellence. In contemporary culture ”otherness” is actualised in the alternative, marginal and avant-garde nature of the cultural life of the city. Moreover, the same characteristics are indicative of the city’s capacity to give rise to new texts as well as translate “alien” texts.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8557639122009277, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Concerning cultural evolution, the issue of centre and periphery is always apt. The Moscow – St. Petersburg axis has been dominated by the struggle for the position of the centre since the foundation of the city of St. Petersburg. Several aspects have been significant in the struggle: economics, prestige, connections to the East and West, as well as cultural individuality. Phenomena which have not been approved by the official culture have been marginalized within the culture. Under new circumstances rejected and persecuted phenomena have re-emerged from the periphery and appeared in the centre of the culture. The history of Russian culture can be seen as consisting of a series of revolutions, of explosions. Such a post-structuralist view on cultural studies provides the main methodological tool for the studies included in the project.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.623359680175781, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "The phenomena, which have been located on the boundary between the centre and periphery, have a significant role to play in the project. The St. Petersburg / Leningrad andegraund, (the corresponding Muscovite phenomena is called underground) its history and different forms of manifestation together with the question how there are perceived from the present-day perspective are of special interest in the studies. The issues concerning the underground culture of today, the prerequisite of its existence and nature constitute an interesting field which has not been studied comprehensively to date. The underground culture of Leningrad in the 1950’s – 1970’s was a dynamic periphery where new texts were actively produced as well as “alien” texts translated, but the very same peripheral position amounted to its weak structural coherence.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.571937084197998, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The speciality of St. Petersburg culture – rock lyrics of a literary nature – emanates from the underground culture. The examination of St. Petersburg popular culture focuses on this genre, which encompasses both modernist and postmodernist tradition at the same time as it reflects the present moment. Rock lyrics form an essential part in the depictions of the transformations that take place in everyday life. The idiosyncratic history of Russian rock from the 1970’s is a reflection of the history of transition in present-day Russia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.126979827880859, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The culture of “otherness” is also considered from the point of view of gender studies. The analyses of literary texts focus on Russian women writers, both on their prose works and poetry. The gender issue is not viewed solely from the feminine perspective, but attention is paid to comparative manifestations of gender in contemporary literature. The texts to be studied embrace the most recent St. Petersburg literature, though the relationship of the present to tradition is not forgotten. The latter aspect manifests itself, for example, in the examination of wartime lyric works from the vantage point of the present moment, which provides a new perspective to the most mythologized and painful periods in the history of the city. Contemporary literature deconstructs the old myths. The process of deconstruction as well as the new mythologies, which appear in this process, are central issues in the studies devoted to contemporary literature.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.345015525817871, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The everyday life and its connection to the Soviet period is investigated by means of the Russian “kommunalka” (communal apartment), its history and the texts which owe their appearance to this peculiarly Russian phenomena. This issue is approached from both the sociological and the literary point of view. Since the leading St. Petersburg scholars contribute to the study of “kommunalka”, the approach will include semiotic elements, too.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.709855079650879, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg andegraund in literature and the visual arts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.475751876831055, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg rock texts", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.28106689453125, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg / Leningrad: Narration - History - Present" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.449401378631592, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Travel |White Nights of St. Petersburg, Russia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.357336044311523, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "White Nights of St. Petersburg, Russia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6660237312316895, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The sky remains bright after midnight as a crewman leans from a boat on the Fontanka Canal, heading toward the Neva River, during one of St. Petersburg's White Nights. Credit James Hill for The New York Times", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.35226821899414, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Then the canal spilled into the vast Neva River, and all of St. Petersburg spread before us. Pink, peach and violet clouds streaked the horizon. Across the river, on Zayachy Island — one of a multitude of small islands in the Neva that fall within St. Petersburg ’s metropolitan limits — stood SS. Peter and Paul Cathedral , burial place of Peter the Great, the three Alexanders and, most recently, the executed Czar Nicholas, Czarina Alexandra and their children. The golden-spired cathedral glinted in the fading sun. I breathed in the maritime air — a pungent mix of gasoline and ripe river smells — and checked my watch. It was 11 p.m., and the sky was still as bright as that of an early summer evening in New York.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.9902634620666504, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "During the last decade, however, Russia’s booming economy has rejuvenated St. Petersburg, and the White Nights have become more and more lively. Russian entrepreneurs have poured money into new bars, restaurants and hotels. Growing numbers of visitors from abroad, along with well-heeled Russian tourists — their wallets fat with petrodollars — and members of the increasingly mobile Russian middle class head here for summer vacations. The city fathers have seized the initiative, pumping city and state financing into organized events.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.35855484008789, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Long summer days exist elsewhere in Russia of course, from Moscow to Yekaterinburg to Yakutsk, but the White Nights have become an intrinsic part of St. Petersburg’s identity — a celebration of the city’s unique beauty and its role as the country’s artistic epicenter.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.017593383789062, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "ACROSS the river, the northern part of St. Petersburg consists of a cluster of islands, including Vasilyevsky, Petrogradsky, Dekabristov and Krestovsky. Four drawbridges across the Neva connect the northern and southern parts of the city, while 342 smaller bridges, built over four centuries and made of materials ranging from wood to brick to iron, cross the city’s canals and tributaries.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.767987847328186, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "You’ll find celebrations of St. Petersburg’s White Nights in virtually every corner of this sprawling, watery metropolis. Dance clubs and “beach clubs” — including the most exclusive, the Royal Beach Club on Krestovsky Island, a forested park that draws many of the city’s affluent young people — stay open until at least 6 a.m. on White Nights weekends. Throughout the night, the Nevsky Prospekt teems with revelers. There is a profusion of cultural events, from the daylong Dostoevsky festival on July 3 — a round-the-clock celebration of the local author whom many consider to be Russia’s greatest novelist — to the White Nights Festival , a combination of classical music, opera and ballet performances held from May through the end of July. The “Scarlet Sails,” a city wide high-school graduation party dating back to the end of World War II, takes place at the end of June, and draws revelers of all ages. The celebration includes an hourlong fireworks display over the Neva and the passage down the river of a graceful three-masted schooner modeled after one used by the imperial family in the late 19th century. And that doesn’t even include the variety of street theater, jam sessions and gatherings along the banks of the Neva just before 2 a.m. every day to watch the four main drawbridges, all illuminated, rise to a 90-degree angle to allow barges and other big vessels to pass. This happens throughout the year, of course, but the warm weather and the still-bright skies give the White Nights spectacle an especially celebratory feeling. “When you’ve got only 80 days of sunlight, you’ve got to make the most of them,” I was told by Sergei Bobovnikov, a dealer in Soviet-era antiques and propaganda art who was born in Kursk, a city near Moscow, but moved to St. Petersburg to attend college three decades ago.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.913215160369873, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Mr. Bobovnikov keeps two apartments in St. Petersburg: one on the island of Petrogradskaya Storona, the other across the Neva, one block off the Nevsky Prospekt. This means that, unlike many other revelers stranded on the wrong side of the river after the drawbridges rise, he is always guaranteed a place to sleep. (Mr. Bobovnikov rented me and my traveling companion his Petrogradskaya Storona apartment for the duration of our weekend stay.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.674158096313477, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Daytime during the White Nights is usually devoted to sleeping late to recover from the long night before — perhaps mixed in with some sightseeing — or sipping cappuccinos at the cafes that line the Nevsky Prospekt and some of its side streets. My own exploration of St. Petersburg’s White Nights began on a Saturday evening in early July last year, a couple of weeks past the summer equinox. I was joined by Anna Nemtsova, a Moscow-based Newsweek correspondent and White Nights devotee who had lived for many years in St. Petersburg. Over the last several years, the White Nights have become a hugely popular draw for Russian tourists from as far away as eastern Siberia, she told me. But the largest representation of visitors comes from Moscow. “More and more Muscovites are making the weekend commute to St. Petersburg during the summer,” said Anna, who had arrived to meet me via a new high-speed train , which covers the route in four hours and charges 3,000 rubles (about $110, at about 27.6 rubles to the dollar).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.734527111053467, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Hundreds of White Russians — descendants of both the pre-revolutionary aristocrats and the anti-Bolshevik military officers who fled to Western Europe and the United States during the consolidation of Bolshevik power in 1919 and 1920 — have returned to the city since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some have taken up residence in the same apartments their families lived in in czarist Russia. Over a bowl of borscht and a glass of Chablis, Ms. Massip, who had recently finished a biography of a White Russian exile in America, told us that she returns to St. Petersburg “every second year,” always during the summer.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.259984970092773, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "THE Neva itself was abuzz with activity: People took in the view sitting on the stone steps that ran down to the river, splashed from time to time by wakes from a constant stream of sightseeing vessels. The pleasure-boat owners have been among the biggest beneficiaries of the White Nights’ popularity. For 4,000 rubles, visitors can enjoy — as I did the following evening — an hourlong private cruise , sipping wine and gazing at sites like the landmark Mariinsky Theater on the Kryukov canal. “The number of boats on the river has quadrupled in the last couple of years,” Mr. Bobovnikov, the antiques dealer, told me. It’s a short season, however: throughout St. Petersburg’s seven-month winter, both the Neva and its tributaries are covered by a solid sheet of ice, and the waterways often don’t thaw entirely until the beginning of April.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.095720291137695, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "As 2 a.m. approached, Anna and I crossed the Palace Bridge and the Stroiteley Bridge to Petrogradskaya Storona, on the northeast side of the city, across the Neva River. We found a large riverboat restaurant called the Flying Dutchman , its wooden-plank deck providing a panoramic view of all four main spans. The sky was darkening, and a huge, butterscotch half-moon loomed just above the Hermitage.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.618887901306152, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Traffic ground to a halt, people gaped from promenades along the river, and then the first of what would be many barges, coming from the Gulf of Finland, swept into view. In near darkness now, Anna and I sipped our drinks and savored the scene — the moment when all of St. Petersburg seemed to stop and enjoy a brief respite from the endless whirl of its summer nights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.792509078979492, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "“The Stars of the White Nights 2011” International Ballet and Opera Festival runs through July 24 and consists of a huge variety of musical events open to the public. Many events take place at the Mariinsky (Kirov) Ballet and Opera Theater, but there are operas, ballets and concerts at performance halls all over St. Petersburg. For the full schedule, check balletandopera.com.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.397574424743652, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The Grand Hotel Europe (Nevsky Prospekt, Mikhailovskaya Ulitsa 1/7; 7-812-329-6000; www.grandhoteleurope.com) is widely considered the best place to stay in St. Petersburg. The luxurious, 130-year-old establishment with an ornate facade and a prime location has played host to a procession of European monarchs as well as to many great men and women of culture, including Tchaikovsky and Pavarotti. Rates for a standard double start at 15,300 rubles, or about $557 at 27.6 rubles to the dollar.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.497534275054932, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The Idiot (82 Moika Canal; 7-812-315-1675), popular among both expats and St. Petersburg’s artist crowd, consists of four rooms crammed with antique furniture, oil paintings, chess and backgammon sets, English-language books and assorted Russian bric-a-brac. The menu features excellent Russian and vegetarian cuisine.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.0248565673828125, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "A version of this article appears in print on June 5, 2011, on Page TR1 of the New York edition with the headline: White Nights in St. Petersburg. Order Reprints | Today's Paper | Subscribe", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.738353729248047, "source": "search", "title": "Russia’s White Nights in St. Petersburg - The New York Times" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Russia: St. Petersburg | ASDC", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.257473468780518, "source": "search", "title": "Russia: St. Petersburg | ASDC" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Russia: St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.1174416542053223, "source": "search", "title": "Russia: St. Petersburg | ASDC" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The waters stretching along the left are part of Lake Ladoga. Despite being somewhat shallow (the maximum depth of the lake is about 230 meters), Lake Ladoga is the largest freshwater lake in Europe and the primary source of drinking water for St. Petersburg. Pollution from various industrial and agricultural materials threaten the Lagoda water supply. The large island of Valaam (apparent in the lower-left of the image area) houses a monastery dating from the 12th century remains active. The origin of the lake is related to the recent glacial history of the area and not to tectonic deformations of the Earth's crust.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.098145961761475, "source": "search", "title": "Russia: St. Petersburg | ASDC" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.843179702758789, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Alternative Titles: Leningrad, Petrograd, Sankt-Peterburg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.43355941772461, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Time-lapse video of St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.821144104003906, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Chesmenn Church, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.3275322914123535, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Greater St. Petersburg—the city itself with its satellite towns— forms a horseshoe shape around the head of the Gulf of Finland and includes the island of Kotlin in the gulf. On the north it stretches westward along the shore for nearly 50 miles (80 km) to include Zelenogorsk. This northern extension is an area of dormitory towns, resorts, sanatoriums, and children’s camps set among extensive coniferous forests and fringed by fine beaches and sand dunes. Some upper-class St. Petersburg residents also have summer cottages, or dachas, in this area. On the southern side of the gulf, the metropolitan limits extend westward to include Peterhof and Lomonosov . Eastward, Greater St. Petersburg stretches up the Neva River to Ivanovskoye.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.4961771965026855, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The mitigating effect of the Atlantic Ocean provides St. Petersburg with a milder climate than might be expected for its far northern site. Nevertheless, winters are rather cold, with a mean January temperature of about 21 °F (−6 °C), a few degrees warmer than that for Moscow. Winter temperatures can drop below −40 °F (−40 °C), however. Snow cover lasts on the average about 132 days. The Neva begins to freeze normally about mid-November, and the ice is solid by the start of December; breakup begins in mid-April and usually is completed by the end of the month. Icebreakers prolong the navigation season. Summers are moderately warm, with an average temperature of 65 °F (18 °C) in July. Mean annual precipitation amounts to about 25 inches (634 mm), with the summer being the wettest period.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.113326072692871, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "In lieu of a distinctive city centre on the standard Russian medieval model, much of St. Petersburg’s main thoroughfare, Nevsky Prospekt (avenue), particularly the stretch running from the Admiralty to the Moscow Railway Terminal, is considered the city’s centre. Central St. Petersburg is divided into four sections by the Neva River and its distributaries. The Admiralty Side lies along the left (south) bank of the Neva itself, at this point called the Bolshaya (Great) Neva. Between the Bolshaya Neva and the river’s other main arm, the Malaya (Little) Neva, is Vasilyevsky Island. The Malaya Neva and the river’s extreme right (north) distributary, the Bolshaya Nevka, enclose a group of islands known as the Petrograd Side, while east of the Bolshaya Nevka and north of the Neva proper lies the Vyborg Side.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2861666679382324, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Much of St. Petersburg’s historical and cultural heritage is concentrated on the Admiralty Side. The district centres on the Admiralty. This, the nucleus of Peter’s original city, was reconstructed in 1806–23 by Andreyan D. Zakharov as a development of the earlier building of Ivan K. Korobov, which itself had been remodeled in 1727–38 but retained the layout of the original. Its elegant spire, topped by a weather vane in the form of a ship, is one of the principal landmarks of the city. The building today houses a naval college.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.241880416870117, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Admiralty Tower, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.425139904022217, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Golden spire of the Admiralty in St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.663235187530518, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Pedestal of the Alexander Column in Palace Square, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.65712833404541, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Overview of the Hermitage, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.105918884277344, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Hermitage museum complex on the Neva River, St. Petersburg. Shown from left to right are: the …", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.7127461433410645, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "On the western (downstream) side of the Admiralty stretches the expanse that was called Senate Square when the Senate moved there in 1763; it is now called Decembrist s’ (or Dekabristovs’) Square in commemoration of the revolt in 1825. The buildings of the former Senate and Synod (now housing archives) dominate the western side of the square, their decorated facades dating from the 1830s and representing the last great work of Rossi. They are separated by an arch looking across to the centre of the square, where stands the equestrian statue of Peter, known as the Bronze Horseman, created in 1782 by Étienne Falconet . Near the Senate and Synod buildings to the south rises the Neoclassical front of the Horse Guards Riding School, or Manezh (1804–07); beyond, dominating the south side of St. Isaac’s Square, is the cathedral of the same name. An outstanding monument of late Neoclassical Russian architecture built by Auguste Montferrand (1818–58), St. Isaac’s is one of the largest domed buildings in the world; its golden cupola, gilded with about 220 pounds (100 kg) of pure gold, soars to 331 feet (101 metres) in height and is visible all over St. Petersburg. It is now a museum.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.78779673576355, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Isaac’s Cathedral, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.901368141174316, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The Bronze Horseman, monument to Peter the Great, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.740955352783203, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.631389141082764, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Smolny Cathedral, St. Petersburg, Russia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.309409141540527, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "Petrograd Side", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.491423606872559, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Petrograd", "passage": "Upstream of the bifurcation of the Neva is the Petrograd Side, where the great Peter-Paul Fortress faces the Strelka across the Malaya Neva. Founded in 1703, this fortification, the city’s first structure, initially had earthen walls, but these were soon replaced by stone walls 40 feet (12 metres) high and 12 feet (4 metres) thick, with 300 cannons mounted on the bastions . Above the squat horizontal lines of the fortress’s massive walls soars the slender, arrowlike spire of the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, a golden landmark for the city. The cathedral was built in 1712–33 by Trezzini, and the tsars and tsarinas of Russia from the time of Peter (except for Peter II and Nicholas II) are buried in it. Trezzini also designed St. Peter’s (Petrovsky) Gate (1718) as the eastern entrance to the fortress. The Neva Gate, designed by Nikolay A. Lvov, dates from 1787. From the early 19th century the fortress was used as a prison, chiefly for political prisoners. Today it is a museum. At noon each day a cannon is fired from its battlements.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.873929500579834, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.080575942993164, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Inside the Peter-Paul Fortress, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.180709362030029, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Chapel of St. Catherine in the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.70482063293457, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The Russian cruiser Aurora moored on the Bolshaya Nevka River, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.18016242980957, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Vyborg, on the Gulf of Finland, Leningrad oblast, Russia.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.18039608001709, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "St. Petersburg extends well to the north and south of the original delta site, with arms of growth extending westward along the banks of the Gulf of Finland. The newer outer suburbs include extensive open areas, and parts of the periphery are designated as greenbelt. Alongside the city’s satellite towns, large-scale commercial agriculture and “agro-recreational” plots owned by residents of St. Petersburg (dachas, collective orchards, and vegetable gardens) extend 12 to 50 miles (20 to 80 km) from the city centre. However, the multiplicity of large housing blocks containing numerous two- or three-room apartments means that population densities in the built-up areas remain high. As in virtually all modern cities, commuting over long distances is the price paid for more living space and the cleaner air of the suburbs. Among the suburbs noteworthy for their historical and cultural value are Peterhof , Pushkin , Pavlovsk , and Gatchina .", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.096724510192871, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The Great Palace, Petrodvorets, St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.217623710632324, "source": "search", "title": "St. Petersburg | Russia | Britannica.com" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.518553733825684, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Afternoon: Arrive at the St. Petersburg and meet your group by 6:00 PM. Transfer to the hotel for check in. Welcome orientation at the hotel.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.777509689331055, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Evening: Conceived by Peter the Great and designed by his favorite European architects, St. Petersburg was meant to be Peter's link to the western world. This evening enjoy a leisurely boat cruise along the city’s canals. Like Venice, St. Petersburg was originally built on many islands, and hundreds of bridges span the waterways. Sip champagne as you admire the pre-revolutionary palaces along the Fontanka River embankment.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.36694860458374, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Morning: Following breakfast, gather for a lecture titled “St. Petersburg – Petrograd – Leningrad – St. Petersburg,” which is connected to our theme of the day: The Russian Revolution. This lecture will detail a brief history of St. Petersburg including an explanation of events that led to the city's name changes through time. Spend the rest of the morning exploring the Hermitage Museum. Originally a small private palace gallery, begun by Catherine the Great with a purchase of 255 paintings from Berlin, the Hermitage today houses one of the largest museum collections in the world. The lavish Winter Palace, part of the Hermitage ensemble, is where the Provisional Government set up shop when Nicholas II abdicated his throne in the spring of 1917. Later that year in October, the cruiser Aurora, anchored outside on the Neva, fired the shot that signaled the storming of the Winter Palace and the beginning of the Bolshevik Revolution.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.124561071395874, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Afternoon: Enjoy some free time at the Hermitage to browse to your heart’s content. Afterwards, on the way to the Peter and Paul Fortress, drive by the historically significant Aurora cruiser. Across the Neva River from the Hermitage, on Hare Island, the Fortress of Peter and Paul was one of the first structures in St. Petersburg. Peter the Great laid the cornerstone of the earthen fortress in May 1703, intending it to be used to repel a Swedish invasion. After the Swedes capitulated, the fortress was transformed into a prison in 1718. Most importantly, it is the burial place for most of the czars beginning with Peter the Great. Currently it is the headquarters of the State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.398292064666748, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Evening: This evening, after dinner, enjoy a specially arranged meeting with a survivor of the 900-day siege of Leningrad.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.96420955657959, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Morning: Attend a lecture titled “900 Days of the Siege of Leningrad,” which is connected to our theme of the day: the Siege of Leningrad. This lecture helps you take in the incredible deprivations and loss of life during the 900-day Siege of Leningrad and how that event shaped history. Next, explore the Siege Museum on Salyanoy which is dedicated to telling the story of the Siege of Leningrad. Afterwards, journey outside of Petersburg to Pushkin, stopping at Pulkovskye Vysoty (Pulkovo Heights), the site of a major battle where German forces were halted in 1941.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.340137481689453, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "Leningrad", "passage": "Afternoon: Discover the royal residence, Catherine's Palace, originally built in 1717 by Catherine I. In 1752, famed architect Bartolomeo Rastrelli enlarged and embellished the palace, extending the facade to its current grandeur. The estate and palace buildings were almost completely destroyed by the Germans during World War II, but they have been carefully and expertly restored into a brilliant architectural monument. Visit the WWII-era zone where the front line ran directly through Pushkin and learn more about the ferocious battles that swept through here. End the day with a visit to Piskarev Memorial Cemetery, where, interred in great mounds marked only by the year of death, the graves of over half a million Leningraders tell the story of the 900-day siege.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.382058143615723, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Afternoon: After lunch, meet with a local businessman and learn about his small, privately owned business, or meet and converse with the director of the progressive Borey Art Gallery during a visit to the Borey Art Gallery. It is the first St. Petersburg gallery where “prohibited” artists’ work was shown.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.517595291137695, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Dinner: Enjoy a dinner of traditional favorites at the dacha of your St. Petersburg host, toasting old and new friends.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.282401084899902, "source": "search", "title": "Moscow & St. Petersburg Travel | Road Scholar" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.805747985839844, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "EXHIBITIONS IN ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.958188533782959, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The exhibition is open till September 30, 1998. It is a definite must for everyone who comes to St. Petersburg before this date.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.639435768127441, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "THE MUSEUM OF OLD ST. PETERSBURG", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.678915023803711, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "This exhibition is devoted to the first local history museum of St. Petersburg, formed in 1907 by a group of architects and art historians, including Pavel Syuzor, Alexander Benois and Ivan Fomin. The creation of the \"Museum of St. Petersburg\" was part of the effort to study various aspects of St. Petersburg life undertaken by the Society of Architects and Artists.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.4504644870758057, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "The present exhibition showcases the \"cream of cream\" of the original collection which now belongs to the Museum of St. Petersburg History. The most prominent exhibits include:", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.102910995483398, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "paintings devoted to St. Petersburg, including those by Pattersen, Aivazovsky and Sadovnikov", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.519270420074463, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "porcelain plates, cups and sculptures with views of St. Petersburg", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.1411824226379395, "source": "search", "title": "Exhibitions in St. Petersburg, Russia (Descriptions)" }, { "answer": "St. Petersburg", "passage": "Due to the Decembrist Uprising the new Emperor, Nicholas I, adopted the most conservative policies. Russia was left to be an economically backward bureaucratic state. That was well reflected in the Imperial capital - St. Petersburg. The desire for orderliness reached ridiculous heights. The orderly appearance of a marching army was Nicholas's ideal. Military order was everywhere. Even the civil educational institutions (colleges) were treated as military schools.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.6541876792907715, "source": "search", "title": "History of St. Petersburg, Russia City of Order (the first ..." }, { "answer": "Petersburg, Russia", "passage": "Illustrated history of St. Petersburg, Russia", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.124974250793457, "source": "search", "title": "Illustrated history of St. Petersburg, Russia" } ]

[ { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010. ", "precise_score": 5.851558208465576, "rough_score": 6.642843723297119, "source": "wiki", "title": "London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "With the need for more rail capacity in London, Crossrail is due to open in 2018. It will be a new railway line running east to west through London and into the Home Counties with a branch to Heathrow Airport. It is Europe's biggest construction project, with a £15 billion projected cost. ", "precise_score": -3.3883326053619385, "rough_score": 4.251343250274658, "source": "wiki", "title": "London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Located in the London Borough of Hillingdon, Heathrow is by far the largest of London's airports, and considered the international gateway into the United Kingdom. Heathrow has five terminals and two parallel runways. Due to the location in London's western suburbs, Heathrow has been unable to expand (especially since the Cameron ministry scrapped the proposals for a third runway on 12 May 2010), and as a result consistently runs at 99% capacity. This has led to Heathrow being one of the worst rated airports in the world, with lengthy border control queues being a recent problem. The airport is connected to Great Britain's motorway network via the M4 and M25 motorways.", "precise_score": 5.655516624450684, "rough_score": 5.756289958953857, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Located in West Sussex, Gatwick is the second busiest airport in the London metropolitan region, and is the busiest single runway airport in the world. It is currently the second busiest airport in the United Kingdom after Heathrow, and the 10th busiest in Europe. It is the second base for British Airways, serving Europe and the Caribbean. It is also the base for low-cost carriers like Monarch, easyJet, Norwegian Air Shuttle and Flybe.", "precise_score": 1.2894330024719238, "rough_score": 2.4388504028320312, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Located on the Bedfordshire / Hertfordshire border, Luton Airport is London's fourth largest airport but the closest to the capital after Heathrow and City airports, it is the fifth busiest in the United Kingdom, and the 42nd busiest in Europe. It is the headquarters of the low cost carriers EasyJet, Thomson and Monarch and is a focus airport for other no-frills airlines.", "precise_score": 4.505311012268066, "rough_score": 6.792129993438721, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London (all airports IATA code: LON) is served by a total of six airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, City, Stansted, Luton, Southend). Travelling between the city and the airports is made relatively easy by the large number of public transport links that have been put in place over recent years. However, if transiting through London, be sure to check the arrival and departure airports carefully as transfers across the city may be quite time consuming. In addition to London's five official airports (of which only two are located within Greater London), there are a number of other regional UK airports conveniently accessible from London. Since they offer a growing number of budget flights, choosing those airports can be cheaper (or even faster, depending on where in London your destination is).", "precise_score": 2.7682838439941406, "rough_score": 2.6819143295288086, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport ( IATA : LHR) is London and Europe's largest airport and the world's busiest airport in terms of international passenger movement, with services available from most major airports world-wide.", "precise_score": 7.105807781219482, "rough_score": 8.05321216583252, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Birmingham International Airport, ☎ +44 870 733 5511, [18] . (IATA: BHX) is another non-London airport worth considering as a less congested and hectic alternative to Heathrow, being 75 minutes away from London on a direct train (so a similar journey time as the tube to Heathrow, or the bus to Stansted). As a major airport serving the UK's second largest city, there is a good choice of long distance and European destinations. Direct trains connect Birmingham International to London Euston and Watford. The train station is connected to the terminal via a free shuttle train (2 minutes). From £6 (advance web purchase) one way, £35-100 round trip.   edit", "precise_score": 0.7703056931495667, "rough_score": 4.92330265045166, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London is currently the largest metropolitan area in the entire European Union. It is a global center for finance, arts, culture, fashion, and entertainment. London will host the 2010 Summer Olympics. There are nearly eight million people in the greater London area. Its biggest airport, London Heathrow , is the busiest airport for international traffic in the world.", "precise_score": 6.242126941680908, "rough_score": 8.287942886352539, "source": "search", "title": "London History - History of London England - London Facts" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The UK’s sixth largest airport, Birmingham International is second only to London Heathrow in its proportion of business traffic. In 2006, it handled over nine million passengers and continues to act as the Midlands’ number one gateway to Europe, Scandinavia, North America, the Middle East and the Indian sub-continent.", "precise_score": 5.746266841888428, "rough_score": 6.765739917755127, "source": "search", "title": "International and Cuba Airports - CubaJet.com" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Heathrow Airport is one of the most popular airports, and it is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom. Heathrow ranks 3rd busiest in the world with an impressive 72,368,630 passengers last year and ranks #1 for the highest annual amount of international passengers.", "precise_score": 4.979121685028076, "rough_score": 6.287085056304932, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport is the hub for one of the world's largest and most influential airlines, British Airways. The future looks bright for Heathrow, as there are plans for even further expansion by adding a third runway near the north end of the airport which will significantly increase the amount of passengers that can travel trough Heathrow. Also, there are other proposed features including a much-needed rail link between Heathrow and Gatwick Airport (the other large airport near the city of London).", "precise_score": 3.621783971786499, "rough_score": 4.901854038238525, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London's Heathrow Airport is an iconic symbol of the city itself, and so much so that airlines pay tens of millions of dollars to get a single 'slot' - the rights to operate a single daily flight in and out of Heathrow.", "precise_score": 3.429227828979492, "rough_score": 1.7432514429092407, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "BAA owns the three largest of London's airports - Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted.  As the table above shows, in 2008 BAA's three airports handled 90% of the passengers flying in/out of London.", "precise_score": 6.433251857757568, "rough_score": 6.876862525939941, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Winters are generally cool and damp with little temperature variation and frequent overcast skies. Daytime highs range from 8 °C, while overnight lows are near . Snowfall occurs occasionally and can cause travel disruption when this happens. Snowfall is more common in Outer London. Spring and autumn are mixed seasons and can be both cool and overcast and pleasantly mild. As a large city, London has a considerable urban heat island effect, making the centre of London at times 5 C-change warmer than the suburbs and outskirts. The effect of this can be seen below when comparing London Heathrow, 15 miles west of London, with the London Weather Centre, in the city centre. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.815581321716309, "source": "wiki", "title": "London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow (LHR)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.241652488708496, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "In April 2012, Heathrow announced that for the first time in history it handled 70 million passengers in a calendar year, making it the third busiest airport in the world in terms of passenger numbers, after Atlanta and Beijing. It also comes second behind Dubai International Airport in the list of the busiest airport in the world in terms of international passenger numbers, as well as the busiest airport in United Kingdom and the busiest in Europe, again, both in terms of passenger numbers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.726136207580566, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow serves six continents around the world, and is the base for the flag carrier British Airways in Terminal 5. While it also serves short-haul flights, Heathrow is London's long distance hub and is the most popular arrival point for flights from the United States of America, with 13 million passengers. However, because it is operating at capacity, Heathrow has failed to increase service cities in the newly industrialized countries, like China, falling behind European bases like Frankfurt, Amsterdam, and Paris.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.32672563195228577, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Due to London's high capacity, in particular London Heathrow, Boris Johnson, London's mayor, and Sir Norman Forster have both brought up plans to have a new airport built, either on a man-made island in the Thames Estuary, or on the Isle of Grain in North Kent. Foster's proposed Thames Hub Airport would be very similar to the design of Hong Kong International Airport and Qatar's Hamad International Airport. The plans to have an airport able to handle 110 million passengers a year would require the closure of Heathrow, and probably make the new airport the busiest in the world.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.9508126974105835, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport is a major hub for flights across the North Atlantic. In 2011, 11% of all north Atlantic flights originated or terminated at Heathrow, more than Paris and Frankfurt combined, and Heathrow is the European terminus for 11 of the 25 busiest north Atlantic routes.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.790103435516357, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The busiest long-haul route in the world is between London (Heathrow and Gatwick) and New York (JFK and Newark), with a total of 3,898,460 passengers travelling between the two cities in 2011.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.2988195419311523, "source": "wiki", "title": "Airports of London" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Transferring between London's airports is never quick or simple, and any itinerary requiring an inter airport transfer should be regarded as a \"last resort\" if no other option is available. There are inter-airport bus service bys National Express between Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton, which run at least hourly. Heathrow-Gatwick services take 65min in clear traffic - but they use roads that are frequently congested (£18. Heathrow-Stansted services 90min (£20.50) (note that services between Stansted and Luton run only every two hours). However, it's essential to allow leeway, as all roads near London, especially the orbital M25 and the M1 motorway, are often congested to the point of gridlock. Some buses have toilets on board.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.4676513671875, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Main article: Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.658859252929688, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow is dominated by the UK's flag-carrier British Airways , who use the airport as its home base and principal hub, and consequently operate nearly 40% of all the airport's flights. BA have their main base in Terminal 5, but also have a major presence in Terminal 3. Flights landing at Heathrow may be delayed by up to an hour as a simple result of air traffic congestion and waiting for parking slots. To complicate the matter, airlines that fly into Heathrow are currently playing a system-wide game of musical chairs as gate assignments are cycled through the new terminal, making it even more necessary for travellers to check their terminal and gate assignment in advance. Do plan your itinerary to allocate some time needed to get through Heathrow Airport T3, there can be long queues if you are not holding an EEA passport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.750638484954834, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "For transport options into town, see our Heathrow Airport article...", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.89322566986084, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Paddington, serves South West England and Wales including Slough, Maidenhead , Reading , Oxford , Bath , Bristol , Taunton , Exeter , Plymouth and Cardiff and Swansea . Also the downtown terminus of the Heathrow Airport Express (see above) and serves some suburban stations such as Acton Main Line and Ealing Broadway.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.22659969329834, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "M4: The principal route to/from the West - leading to Bath, Bristol and cities South Wales (Cardiff and Swansea). It is also the main route towards Heathrow Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.954655647277832, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Airport Express Rail services run to Heathrow, Gatwick, Southend, Stansted and Luton airports. The trains to Heathrow are privately operated and require a premium fare. The trains to the other airports are part of the UK rail network, but are beyond the TfL network, so Oyster is not valid.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.71354866027832, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Weekly, monthly and longer-period Travelcard season tickets can be purchased at all tube station ticket offices. These can be used on any tube, DLR, bus, London Overground, National Rail or tram service. You have to select a range of zones when you buy it, numbered 1-9. If you happen to travel outside the zone, you can use PrePay (see above) to make up the difference. Note that they can not be used on any Airport Express trains (Heathrow Express, Gatwick Express and Stansted Express). However, a Zone 1-6 Travelcard can be used on the London Underground (Piccadilly line) to/from Heathrow Airport. Notice a weekly travelcard may be a better value than a PAYG Oyster card if you are looking to travel extensively within London for more than five days in a week, especially given that the former's effectivity will last a week after it was purchased, whereas weekly fare cap on the latter will reset at 4.30 every Monday.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.638999938964844, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow, Heathrow Terminals 2 & 3 Underground station", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.320435523986816, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Trains branded as Express serve Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted and Luton airports. However, trains to Stansted and Luton also have intermediate stops serving commuter stations. Trains to Gatwick are non stop, but the time saving is less than five minutes compared to other services. Tickets for trains branded express are generally sold at a premium. Oyster cards are only valid to Gatwick and not on other mainline routes to airports.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.75062084197998, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Taxis are required by law to take you up to 12 miles or up to one hour duration, if the destination is in Greater London (20 miles if starting at Heathrow Airport ) if their TAXI light is on when you hail them, unless they have a good reason. However some, especially older drivers, dislike leaving the centre of town, or going south of the River Thames. A good way to combat being left at the side of the curb is to open the back door, or even get into the cab, before stating your destination.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.746028423309326, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Minicabs are normal cars which are licensed hire vehicles that you need to book by phone or at a minicab office. They generally charge a fixed fare for a journey, best agreed before you get in the car. Minicabs are sometimes cheaper than black cabs, although this is not necessarily the case for short journeys. Minicabs can be significantly cheaper for airport journeys - for example, a minicab from Heathrow to South-West London will cost around £36, whereas a black cab will cost over £100. Drivers are not tested as rigorously as black cab drivers, so they will typically not speak English very well and rely on a GPS to find their way, but will still get you from A to B. Licensed minicabs display a Transport For London (TFL) License Plate - usually in the front window. One of the features of the license plate is a blue version of the famous London Underground \"roundel\". A list of licensed minicab operators can be found at TfL Findaride: [31] . Note that some areas in London are poorly serviced by black cabs, particularly late at night. This has led to a large number of illegal minicabs operating - just opportunistic people, with a car, looking to make some fast money. Some of these operators can be fairly aggressive in their attempts to find customers, and it's now barely possible to walk late at night through any part of London with a modicum of nightlife without being approached. You should avoid mini-cabs touting for business off the street or outside nightclubs, and either take a black cab, book a licensed minicab by telephone, or take a night bus. These illegal drivers are unlicensed and sadly they are often unsafe: a number of women are assaulted every week by illegal minicab operators (11 reported per month).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.150494575500488, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Paddington and Bayswater. This area has undergone a lot of change largely resulting from the Heathrow Express train coming into Paddington Station. Good hotels can be found in the immediate area of the station and in quieter spots a short walk away as well as in the traditional mid-range accommodation area further south in Bayswater. It’s a great choice if you’re arriving in London at Heathrow and a good central area to explore the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.122944831848145, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Also, consider Heathrow Airport and the surrounding area -- although it is 15 mi (20km) from the heart of the city, you are spoilt for choice for hotels both in and around the airport boundary, and with the frequent transport links to and from the centre, not too much of a handicap. You can often get into big name chain hotels a lot cheaper than their equivalents in the West End for example, with the obvious advantage of being close to the airport on the days when you are travelling.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.821544647216797, "source": "search", "title": "London travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "So it makes sense, then, that Chicago, home to United’s headquarters, hosts the world’s second busiest airport as measured by aircraft movements – with 882,627 in 2010 – and the world’s fourth busiest as measured by sheer passenger numbers – with 66.6 million passengers in 2011. (The second and third busiest by number of passengers in 2011 are Beijing Capital International Airport, with 77.4 million and London Heathrow Airport with 69.4 million)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.2140692472457886, "source": "search", "title": "BBC - Travel - Why is Atlanta the world's busiest airport?" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "#3 London Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 0.11985362321138382, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Heathrow Airport on the Map", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.501521110534668, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow -", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.336936950683594, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "{\"lat\":51.469009,\"lng\":-0.454018,\"zoom\":12,\"mapType\":\"ROADMAP\",\"markers\":[{\"id\":46618,\"lat\":\"51.472382\",\"lng\":\"-0.450940\",\"name\":\"Heathrow\",\"address\":\"Heathrow Airport (LHR), Terminal 1, Greater London TW6 1AP, UK\",\"description\":\"\"}]}", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.078600883483887, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Aerial View of London Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1787523031234741, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow Airport in London | Source", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.378265619277954, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "This airport is the epitome of world class, as it has held the number one spot for over a decade now. The people of Atlanta should be very proud of their airport, as it is considered a model for airports around the world including some of the largest like Heathrow and Beijing Capital International Airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.062223434448242, "source": "search", "title": "Top 5 Largest and Busiest Airports in the World | WanderWisdom" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "From top to bottom, left to right, you can see Luton (blue - St Pancras Station), Heathrow (pink - Paddington Station, and also the Piccadilly Underground line throughout the center of the city), London City (yellow - Bank Underground station from the Docklands Light Rail and connections on the underground to many other stations), Stansted (green - Liverpool St Station) and Gatwick (purple, Victoria Station, and also rail service to St Pancras, the blue marker).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.53727912902832, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "But there are four other airports around London, and while Heathrow is the best known, it is not necessarily the 'best' airport in all respects.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.09613037109375, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Croydon was returned to civilian use by the RAF in 1946, but it was felt to be no longer adequate for newer passenger planes, and so in 1946 Heathrow was designated as London's official airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.56266450881958, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The benefit of the larger number of flights at Heathrow in particular is that there is more likelihood of convenient connecting flights if your travels to London are for a connection rather than as a destination in itself.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.799950122833252, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Growth at Heathrow", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.449917793273926, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Heathrow desperately needs to add to its capacity to accept additional flights to respond to the pent up demand by airlines to fly in/out of Heathrow.  As an example of this demand, in 2008 Continental purchased four 'slots' (the rights for a daily landing and takeoff) for �105 million (at the time, equivalent to $209 million, ie, $52 million per slot).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945406913757324, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "In 2003 it was proposed by the UK government that a third runway be added to the existing two at Heathrow.  (As a historical aside, Heathrow at one time had six runways, so it could be argued that an 'increase' up to three runways now isn't really an increase at all.)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.340500831604004, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Since that time the proposal has been delayed and deferred, with local residents and environmental groups all aggressively opposed to any more flights going to Heathrow (in the case of local residents) or to anywhere at all (environmental groups).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.356239318847656, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "With this extra runway, and with an also proposed new (sixth) terminal, Heathrow's capacity would expand to about 115 million passengers a year, up from its present operating level of about 67 million passengers a year, which is in turn considerably more than its designed capacity (although one could argue that if it is handling 67 million passengers, who really cares about a theoretical 'design' capacity).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.049457550048828, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Update May 10 :  The new Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition government in Britain has announced that it is canceling plans for a third runway at Heathrow.  It has also said that it will not allow extra runways at Gatwick or Stansted.  It has not announced what it thinks the appropriate alternative solution to London's continuing need for more air capacity.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5580878257751465, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "LHR", "passage": "Gatwick had sought a second runway (it actually has two runways at present, but they are too close to each other to be used concurrently, so it only has one effective runway) but in the face of local opposition, BAA - the company then owning LHR, LGW and STN - decided to concentrate its growth advocacy on LHR and STN.  Now that LGW is up for sale, who knows what its new owners might not seek (and in May 2010 the new British government said it would oppose an extra runway at Gatwick).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.39653491973877, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Stansted also wishes to add another runway, and says that with a second runway, it would be capable of handling as many - or more - passengers as can Heathrow.  At present, however, the airport's ability to get its extra runway approved is far from certain, and even if it were to be approved, the lead times involved in the process could be lengthy.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.877245903015137, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "An Extra London Airport (or Heathrow Replacement)?", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.000303268432617, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "As London has grown, Heathrow has transitioned from being relatively remote and away from dense population areas to now being surrounded by development.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.153642654418945, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "This makes the 'opportunity cost' of Heathrow considerably higher - ie, the land is arguably no longer being used for a 'best use' purpose, and the people around Heathrow are virulently opposed to any further growth at the airport and would love to get rid of it entirely.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.787903785705566, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The flight paths in/out of Heathrow also require planes to be low over much of central London, extending the noise 'signature' further.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.700024604797363, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "From time to time, plans are mooted for an entirely new airport, not to supplement Heathrow but to replace it.  All the other four main airports around London have varying degrees of growth constraint associated with them, and the thinking is to custom build a completely new airport in a less densely populated area.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.226771831512451, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Studies have even suggested that a complete new Heathrow replacement would cost less than merely adding a third runway to Heathrow.  If one also factors in the revenue that could be generated by selling the 2,500 acres of prime land currently occupied by Heathrow, it would seem a financial no-brainer to close Heathrow and create a new major airport somewhere else.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.77737808227539, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Unfortunately (?) no-one wants any airport anywhere close to them, which makes the process of creating a new airport very difficult.  And the issues of closing Heathrow are more complex than they first seem - there's a lot of related business infrastructure around Heathrow that would then need to close and move as well.  Plus, Heathrow, for all its faults, is very close and convenient to central downtown London, and - by definition - any replacement airport would be considerably further away.  This also points to another cost - the cost of developing rail and road links to any new airport.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.714664459228516, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "The new (2008) Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, has expressed support for an alternate to Heathrow, and there is a new feasibility study looking at an airport located on or adjacent to (ie on reclaimed land) the Isle of Sheppey, which is on the south bank of the entrance to the Thames, and about 50 - 55 miles from downtown London.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.7444472312927246, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Will anything happen to this proposal - particularly now that the third runway at Heathrow has been approved?  The possible outcome is anyone's guess at this stage, with the only thing certain being that nothing will be certain for many years, and even if a new airport is to be developed, it would likely be 10 - 15 years before it started commercial operations.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.919326782226562, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "As an alternative concept to another airport, these groups (and others too) have proposed building a high speed rail connection between Heathrow and the main rail lines that run north of London.  They say that if a traveler could travel within Britain via high speed rail, this would eliminate the need for many of the shorter connecting flights within Britain, freeing up capacity at Heathrow for more longer international flights.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.470104694366455, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "By way of example, a passenger from, eg, Birmingham would simply take a high speed train direct to Heathrow (probably less than an hour's journey) and then fly on from there, rather than taking a short first flight to Heathrow and then a second flight.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.186813354492188, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "It has been suggested that this could replace some 66,500 domestic flights each year, which is about one third of the additional flights that a third runway at Heathrow would allow.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.705007553100586, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "Britain's Conservative Party has expressed support for connecting Heathrow to the national high speed rail network, so these ideas are not entirely 'blue sky'.  But they're also a long way removed from any substantive certainty, and for most of us, the next ten years or more will involve the five airports, much as they currently are today.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -9.950297355651855, "source": "search", "title": "All About London's Airports - The Travel Insider" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Heathrow Airport - YouTube", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.9458105564117432, "source": "search", "title": "London Heathrow Airport - YouTube" }, { "answer": "Heathrow", "passage": "London Heathrow Airport", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": 1.2993640899658203, "source": "search", "title": "London Heathrow Airport - YouTube" } ]

[ { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg (along with parts of Northern France and Western Germany) were known as the Low Countries; it once covered a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states. The region was called Belgica in Latin, after the Roman province of Gallia Belgica. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, the area of Belgium was a prosperous and cosmopolitan centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, the area of Belgium served as the battleground between many European powers, causing it to be dubbed the \"Battlefield of Europe,\"—The book reviewer, Haß, attributes the expression in English to James Howell in 1640. Howell's original phrase \"the cockpit of Christendom\" became modified afterwards, as shown by:*—and as such coined for Belgium:* ", "precise_score": -0.3303447961807251, "rough_score": 2.9007647037506104, "source": "wiki", "title": "Belgium" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Belgium shares borders with France (), Germany (), Luxembourg () and the Netherlands (). Its total area, including surface water area, is 30,528 square kilometres; land area alone is 30,278 km2. It lies between latitudes 49°30 and 51°30 N, and longitudes 2°33 and 6°24 E. ", "precise_score": 4.719789505004883, "rough_score": 2.0831432342529297, "source": "wiki", "title": "Belgium" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Germany is in Western and Central Europe, with Denmark bordering to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria to the southeast, Switzerland to the south-southwest, France, Luxembourg and Belgium lie to the west, and the Netherlands to the northwest. It lies mostly between latitudes 47° and 55° N and longitudes 5° and 16° E. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea. With Switzerland and Austria, Germany also shares a border on the fresh-water Lake Constance, the third largest lake in Central Europe. German territory covers 357021 km2, consisting of 349223 km2 of land and 7798 km2 of water. It is the seventh largest country by area in Europe and the 62nd largest in the world. ", "precise_score": 1.5070037841796875, "rough_score": 0.9903537631034851, "source": "wiki", "title": "Germany" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "The European part of France is called Metropolitan France and it is located in one of the occidental ends of Europe. It is bordered by the North Sea in the north, the English Channel in the north-west, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean sea in the south-east. It borders Belgium and Luxembourg in the north east. It also borders Germany and Switzerland in the east, Italy and Monaco in the south-east, Spain and Andorra in the south west. The borders in the south and in the east of the country are mountain ranges: the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Jura, the border in the east is from the Rhine river, while the border in the north and the north east melts in no natural elements. Due to its shape, it is often referred to in French as ' (\"The Hexagon\"). Metropolitan France includes various islands: Corsica and coastal islands. Metropolitan France is situated mostly between latitudes 41° and 51° N, and longitudes 6° W and 10° E, on the western edge of Europe, and thus lies within the northern temperate zone. Its continental part covers about 1000 km from north to south and from east to west.", "precise_score": 0.510123074054718, "rough_score": 0.06752302497625351, "source": "wiki", "title": "France" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Belgium has the euro (€) as its sole currency along with 24 other countries that use this common European money. These 24 countries are: Austria , Belgium, Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France , Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia and Spain (official euro members which are all European Union member states) as well as Andorra , Kosovo , Monaco , Montenegro , San Marino and the Vatican which use it without having a say in eurozone affairs and without being European Union members. Together, these countries have a population of more than 330 million.", "precise_score": 1.214733362197876, "rough_score": 1.6504390239715576, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Germany is located in North Central Europe, on the Great North European Plain. It is bound by Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, the Baltic Sea to the northeast, Denmark to the north, the North Sea to the northwest, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France to the west, Switzerland to the south and Austria to the south and southeast....", "precise_score": 1.5002888441085815, "rough_score": 1.6517162322998047, "source": "search", "title": "Political Map of Germany, Austria, Switzerland ..." }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "The cities map of Belgium shows the national capital, major cities along with the administrative divisions of the state. The map also clearly demarcates the provincial and international boundaries of the country. As the map shows, Belgium is bordered by France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.", "precise_score": 3.673668622970581, "rough_score": 0.43698036670684814, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium Cities Map | Cities in Belgium - Maps of World" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "German forces again invaded the country in May 1940 and 40,690 Belgians, over half of them Jews, were killed during the subsequent occupation and The Holocaust. From September 1944 to February 1945 Belgium was liberated by the Allies. After World War II, a general strike forced King Leopold III, who many Belgians felt had collaborated with Germany during the war, to abdicate in 1951. The Belgian Congo gained independence in 1960 during the Congo Crisis; Ruanda-Urundi followed with its independence two years later. Belgium joined NATO as a founding member and formed the Benelux group of nations with the Netherlands and Luxembourg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.8898955583572388, "source": "wiki", "title": "Belgium" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "The effects of the Second World War made collective security a priority for Belgian foreign policy. In March 1948 Belgium signed the Treaty of Brussels, and then joined NATO in 1948. However the integration of the armed forces into NATO did not begin until after the Korean War. The Belgians, along with the Luxembourg government, sent a detachment of battalion strength to fight in Korea known as the Belgian United Nations Command. This mission was the first in a long line of UN missions which the Belgians supported. Currently, the Belgian Naval Component is working closely together with the Dutch Navy under the command of the Admiral Benelux.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.390840530395508, "source": "wiki", "title": "Belgium" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "The Belgian economy is heavily service-oriented and shows a dual nature: a dynamic Flemish economy and a Walloon economy that lags behind. The richest (per capita income) of Belgium's three regions is the Flemish Region, followed by the Walloon Region and lastly the Brussels-Capital Region. The ten municipalities with the highest reported income are: Laethem-Saint-Martin, Keerbergen, Lasne, Oud-Heverlee, Hove, De Pinte, Meise, Knokke-Heist, Bierbeek. One of the founding members of the European Union, Belgium strongly supports an open economy and the extension of the powers of EU institutions to integrate member economies. Since 1922, through the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, Belgium and Luxembourg have been a single trade market with customs and currency union. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.149624824523926, "source": "wiki", "title": "Belgium" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Both Belgian Dutch and Belgian French have minor differences in vocabulary and semantic nuances from the varieties spoken respectively in the Netherlands and France. Many Flemish people still speak dialects of Dutch in their local environment. Walloon, considered either as a dialect of French or a distinct Romance language, is now only understood and spoken occasionally, mostly by elderly people. Walloon is the name collectively given to four French dialects spoken in Belgium. Wallonia's dialects, along with those of Picard,Among Belgium native German speakers many are familiar with the local dialect varieties of their region, that include dialects that spill over into neighboring Luxembourg and Germany. (Online version: [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.3471083641052246, "source": "wiki", "title": "Belgium" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "In August 1939, Hitler's government signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop pact with Stalin that divided Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Following the agreement, on 1 September 1939 Germany invaded Poland, marking the beginning of World War II. In response to Hitler's actions, Britain and France declared war on Germany. In the spring of 1940, Germany conquered Denmark and Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France forcing the French government to sign an armistice after German troops occupied most of the country. The British repelled German air attacks in the same year. In 1941, German troops invaded Yugoslavia, Greece and the Soviet Union. By 1942, Germany and other Axis powers controlled most of continental Europe and North Africa, but following the Soviet Union's victory at the Battle of Stalingrad, the allies' reconquest of North Africa and invasion of Italy in 1943, German forces suffered repeated military defeats. In June 1944, the Western allies landed in France and the Soviets pushed into Eastern Europe. By late 1944, the Western allies had entered Germany despite one final German counter offensive in the Ardennes Forest. Following Hitler's suicide during the Battle of Berlin, German armed forces surrendered on 8 May 1945, ending World War II in Europe. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.105487823486328, "source": "wiki", "title": "Germany" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "France has a special military corps, the French Foreign Legion, founded in 1830, which consists of foreign nationals from over 140 countries who are willing to serve in the French Armed Forces and become French citizens after the end of their service period. The only other countries having similar units are Spain (the Spanish Foreign Legion, called Tercio, was founded in 1920) and Luxembourg (foreigners can serve in the National Army provided they speak Luxembourgish).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.5404534339904785, "source": "wiki", "title": "France" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), in 2009 France was the world's sixth largest exporter and the fourth largest importer of manufactured goods. In 2008, France was the third largest recipient of foreign direct investment among OECD countries at $118 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located there) and the US ($316 billion), but above the UK ($96.9 billion), Germany ($25 billion), or Japan ($24 billion).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.011431694030762, "source": "wiki", "title": "France" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "There are approximately 1027183 km of serviceable roadway in France, ranking it the most extensive network of the European continent. The Paris region is enveloped with the most dense network of roads and highways that connect it with virtually all parts of the country. French roads also handle substantial international traffic, connecting with cities in neighbouring Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco. There is no annual registration fee or road tax; however, usage of the mostly privately owned motorways is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes. The new car market is dominated by domestic brands such as Renault (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), Peugeot (20.1%) and Citroën (13.5%). Over 70% of new cars sold in 2004 had diesel engines, far more than contained petrol or LPG engines. France possesses the Millau Viaduct, the world's tallest bridge, and has built many important bridges such as the Pont de Normandie.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.869096040725708, "source": "wiki", "title": "France" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "With a landmass that stretches from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea in the north to the Alps in the south, Germany has the largest population of any EU country. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, France and Luxembourg to the southwest, and Belgium and the Netherlands to the northwest. ", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.5567740201950073, "source": "search", "title": "Germany - European Union website, the official EU website ..." }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "The EU was not always as big as it is today. When European countries started to cooperate economically in 1951, only Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands participated.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -2.8461716175079346, "source": "search", "title": "EUROPA - EU member countries" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "After the collapse of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century, the territory that is nowadays Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg, was part of Lotharingia, an ephemeral kingdom soon to be absorbed into the Germanic Empire; however, the special character of \"Lower Lotharingia\" remained intact in the feudal Empire: this is the origin of the Low Countries, a general term that encompasses present-day Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -5.586126804351807, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "STIB-bus lines number 12 and 21 (€4 at the vending machine/€6 on board) depart every 20 to 30 minutes for Place Luxembourg (European Parliament district). The bus stops at NATO and Schuman (for the EU institutions) on its way to the centre.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.145539283752441, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Luxembourg (normal trains, running every hour)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -11.374055862426758, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Basel , Switzerland, via Luxembourg (normal trains, 2 daily)", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.945385932922363, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "To do some local sightseeing, especially in Flanders, a lot of infrastructure is available for cycling. Bikes can be rented virtually everywhere. In the country side of Wallonia, mountainbikes are available, and rafting is popular along the border with Luxembourg.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.322240829467773, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Brussels has 5 major stations, and three of them have two names in French / Dutch: Bruxelles-Midi = Brussel-Zuid, Bruxelles-Central = Brussel-Centraal and Bruxelles-Nord = Brussel-Noord. Many trains stop at all 3, but some trains (Eurostar, Thalys) only stop at Bruxelles-Midi / Brussel-Zuid. Lines to the south (Namur and Luxembourg) also serve the major stations of Brussel/Bruxelles Schuman and Brussel/Bruxelles Luxemb(o)urg, both located in the European quarter of the city.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -8.77652359008789, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "A number of inhabitants of Wallonia, particularly the older generations, speak the Walloon language. This language, while not official, is recognized by the French Community of Belgium as an \"indigenous regional language\", together with a number of other Romance (Champenois, Lorrain and Picard) and Germanic (Luxembourgian) language varieties.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -7.121456146240234, "source": "search", "title": "Belgium travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "France has been the world's most popular tourist destination for over twenty years (83 million visits in 2012). Metropolitan France is in Western Europe sharing borders with Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast, Switzerland to the east, Italy to the south-east. Spain and the small country of Andorra are to the south-west, across the Pyrenees mountain range. The Mediterranean Sea laps the south of France, with the Principality of Monaco forming a small enclave. To the west, France has a long Atlantic Ocean coastline, while to the north lies the English Channel, across which lies the last of France's neighbours, England (part of the United Kingdom ).", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -1.1018186807632446, "source": "search", "title": "France travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "As according to an agreement with the CFL, the Belgian railways are directing all passenger trains to France through Luxembourg (thus causing an extra unnecessary border crossing), it may be useful to cross the border directly, on foot. The terminus of the French railways in Longwy can be reached from the Belgian train station of Halanzy (the line operates only on work days, however), or from the bigger Belgian stations of Arlon or Virton. Between these two stations there's a bus operated by the TEC company which stops at Aubange Place, a good point of departure/arrival for the walking tour. The path leads almost exclusively through inhabited areas in the community of Mont-Saint-Martin (yet partially in a forest if you go to/from Halanzy) and takes some 7 km. The city of Longwy itself is quite steep in some of its parts, so pay attention to this when planning your route.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -6.341949939727783, "source": "search", "title": "France travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Paris . the \"City of Light\" and the capital of romance has been a travellers' magnet for centuries and a real must-see. Of course, no visit would be complete without a glance at its world famous landmarks. The Eiffel Tower is hard to miss, especially when it is lit beautifully at night, but the Arc de Triomphe, Notre Dame and Sacré Coeur are both famous and stunning sights too. With no less than 3,800 national monuments in and around Paris, history is literally around every corner. Stroll through the city's spacious green parks, with the Luxembourg Gardens as one of the favourites, and make sure to spend some time on the famous banks of the river Seine. Also, don't miss the magnificent Palace of Versailles , the most grand reminder of the Ancient Regime located just 20km away from the capital.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -10.829032897949219, "source": "search", "title": "France travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "France has the euro (€) as its sole currency along with 24 other countries that use this common European money. These 24 countries are: Austria , Belgium , Cyprus , Estonia , Finland , France, Germany , Greece , Ireland , Italy , Latvia , Lithuania , Luxembourg , Malta , the Netherlands , Portugal , Slovakia , Slovenia and Spain (official euro members which are all European Union member states) as well as Andorra , Kosovo , Monaco , Montenegro , San Marino and the Vatican which use it without having a say in eurozone affairs and without being European Union members. Together, these countries have a population of more than 330 million.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -0.10882654041051865, "source": "search", "title": "France travel guide - Wikitravel" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "It can be seen that the phenomenon of cross-border workers is undoubtedly of economic, social and human significance for nine European countries. Five countries - France, Italy, Belgium, Germany and Austria - may be regarded as the most important 'suppliers' where cross-border labour is concerned. Five countries - Switzerland, Luxembourg, Germany, Monaco and the Netherlands - are the main importers.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.230869293212891, "source": "search", "title": "Frontier Workers in the European Union" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "France has a clear lead as the main 'exporter' of cross-border labour in Europe: there are around 179 000 French nationals living in France and working abroad. Their biggest employer is Switzerland (74 000 in 1995), but they also work in Germany (45 000 in 1995), Luxembourg (27 800 in 1995) and Monaco (around 18 000 in 1994). France is followed by Italy, with around 40 000 cross-border workers, most of whom work in Switzerland.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.040612697601318, "source": "search", "title": "Frontier Workers in the European Union" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "As a result of its geographical situation Luxembourg is the third-largest importer of cross-border labour in Europe, employing 54 000 cross-border workers from France (27 800), Belgium (16 600) and Germany (9 800) in 1995.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -4.150470733642578, "source": "search", "title": "Frontier Workers in the European Union" }, { "answer": "Luxembourg", "passage": "Belgian cross-border workers work mainly in Luxembourg and the Netherlands, and to a lesser extent in France and Germany: nearly 39 000 travel to work on a daily or weekly basis. The Principality of Monaco is also a significant host country, employing nearly 30 000 cross-border workers in 1993.", "precise_score": -100, "rough_score": -3.3721208572387695, "source": "search", "title": "Frontier Workers in the European Union" } ]