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1992 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game
The 1992 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game was a postseason college football game between the Youngstown State Penguins and the Marshall Thundering Herd. The game was played on December 19, 1992, at Marshall University Stadium in Huntington, West Virginia. The culminating game of the 1992 NCAA Division I-AA football season, it was won by Marshall, 31–28. The game was a rematch of the prior season's championship game.
Teams
The participants of the Championship Game were the finalists of the 1992 I-AA Playoffs, which began with a 16-team bracket. The site of the title game, Marshall University Stadium, had been predetermined months earlier.
Youngstown State Penguins
Youngstown State finished their regular season with an 8–2–1 record. Unseeded in the tournament and ranked seventh in the final NCAA I-AA in-house poll, the Penguins defeated Villanova, second-seed The Citadel, and third-seed Northern Iowa to reach the final. This was the second appearance, both consecutively and overall, for Youngstown State in a Division I-AA championship game, having won in 1991.
Marshall Thundering Herd
Marshall finished their regular season with an 8–3 record (5–2 in conference). Unseeded and ranked sixth in the final NCAA I-AA in-house poll, the Thundering Herd defeated Eastern Kentucky, fourth-seed Middle Tennessee, and Delaware to reach the final. This was the third appearance overall, and second consecutively, for Marshall in a Division I-AA championship game, having lost in 1987 and 1991.
Game summary
After a scoreless first quarter, Marshall led 14–0 at halftime, and extended their lead to 28–0 with 5:46 left in the third quarter. Youngstown State then rallied, cutting the lead to 28–14 by the end of the third quarter, and tying the game with 2:28 left in the fourth quarter. Marshall then drove from their 19-yard-line to the Youngstown State 5-yard-line, and senior kicker Willy Merrick made a 22-yard-field goal with seven seconds left to play, providing the winning points for Marshall. It was Merrick's first collegiate field goal, as the team's usual kicker, Merrick's sophomore brother David, was suspended for the game due to missing a practice.
Scoring summary
Game statistics
References
Further reading
External links
Marshall University's 1st 1-AA Win From 1992 via YouTube
Championship Game
Category:Youngstown State Penguins football games
Category:Marshall Thundering Herd football games
NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game
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Monster Island (Buffy/Angel novel)
Monster Island is an original novel based on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel. The plot revolves around the Scooby Gang and the Angel Investigations team joining forces to defeat General Axtius, the father of Angel's deceased ally Doyle.
Plot summary
Doyle's pure-blood Brachen demon father Axtius is the General for the Coalition of Purity which believes that all half-blood demons should be banished, leaving only the pure-bloods on Earth. Both Angel and Buffy are dealing with this threat in their respective cities when Buffy's team learns that General Axtius plans to attack a half-blood demon safe haven island near Los Angeles. Uprooting the Scooby Gang, Buffy and the rest of them travel quickly to Los Angeles to help Angel deal with the increasing problem. Unfortunately, the demons on the island who are in need of saving seem to be skeptical about having vampires as well as the Slayer on their island and they must be convinced that it's for their benefit before General Axtius and his troops launch a full-fledged attack on the island.
In their final confrontation on the island, Angel defeats Axtius when unarmed despite Axtius wielding a powerful mystical weapon, taunting the Brachen by saying that he would have been ashamed of Doyle's very human act of sacrifice and redemption. Having been defeated by Angel, Axtius is subsequently incinerated by his former second-in-command for his failure to destroy the island.
Continuity
This is supposed to fit into the timeline in early Buffy season 6 / Angel season 3
However Buffyverse canon that is established after this point contradicts much of the novel. For example, whilst in "Monster Island" Gunn and Spike meet. By canon they do not meet until early Angel season 5.
Canonical issues
Buffy/Angel books such as this one are not usually considered by fans as canonical. Some fans consider them stories from the imaginations of authors and artists, while other fans consider them as taking place in an alternative fictional reality. However unlike fan fiction, overviews summarising their story, written early in the writing process, were 'approved' by both Fox and Joss Whedon (or his office), and the books were therefore later published as officially Buffy/Angel merchandise.
External links
Cityofangel.com - Interview with Christopher Golden & Thomas E. Sniegoski about Monster Island.
Reviews
Slayerlit.us - Review of this book by Shiai
Litefoot1969.bravepages.com - Review of this book by Litefoot
Teen-books.com - Reviews of this book
Nika-summers.com - Review of this book by Nika Summers
Category:Books based on Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Category:2003 fantasy novels
Category:Angel (TV series) novels
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Uwe Klima
Uwe Klima is UAE based professor of surgery and a faculty member at the Hannover Medical School, Germany. He also is the medical and managing director at German Heart Centre, Dubai.
His area of research includes stem cells and tissue engineering, valve repair, cardio protection, heart failure and valve surgery implantation techniques. Klima has co-authored over 300 articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences.
Early life and education
Klima was born on July 1, 1964 in Vienna, Austria. He studied medicine (MD) at the University of Vienna, Austria in 1988. He completed a PhD at Hannover Medical School, Germany in 2000. He is a fellow of the Max Kade Foundation at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Klima worked at the Hannover Medical School, Germany from 2000 to 2010 as Senior Consultant on surgical techniques for treating thoracic and cardiovascular. He was appointed Professor at Hannover Medical School in 2004.
From 2006 to 2009, he was a full-time professor of surgery division of surgery at the National University of Singapore and was also appointed Full Professor at Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine.
In 2009, he moved to Dubai and was appointed Chairman of the department of Cardiothoracic- and Vascular Surgery at the American Hospital Dubai. During his time at the American Hospital, he was also appointed as an advisory board member of the Nanostart Asia-Pacific and director at the Klife-Medical Singapore. In 2014, Klima joined BR Medical Suites and Mediclinic City Hospital as senior consultant, Cardiothoracic- and Vascular Surgery. As of 2017, he is the medical and managing director at the German Heart Centre.
Memberships and fellowships
1988, 1989 Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute for Laser Surgery Vienna, Austria
1990 Austrian Society of Trauma Surgery
1994 Austrian Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
1998 Clinical Fellowship, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
1998 Clinical Fellowship, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Columbia University, New York, NY
1999 European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2000 German Society, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
2000 German Society, Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Major accolades
1988- Professor Dr. Walter Pilgerstorfer Prize for Best Medical Publication of the Medical Society of Upper Austria
2006- Lillehei Investigator Award from European Association Cardiothoracic Surgery Stockholm
2008- National Excellent Service Award (EXSA)- GOLD Singapore
Selected publications
References
Category:People associated with the University of Singapore
Category:University of Vienna alumni
Category:1964 births
Category:Living people
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France at the 1978 European Athletics Championships
France sent 33 athletes to the 1978 European Athletics Championships which took place 29 August–3 September 1978 in Prague. France won two medals at the Championships.
Medalists
References
Category:Nations at the 1978 European Athletics Championships
Category:France at the European Athletics Championships
Category:1978 in France
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Sgairneach Mhòr
Sgairneach Mhòr is a Scottish mountain which lies in a group of seven Munros near the summit of the Pass of Drumochter and are known as the Drumochter mountains or informerly as the “A9 Munros”. The mountain is situated 13 km SSW of Dalwhinnie and four km east of the large Loch Ericht.
Overview
Sgairneach Mhòr lies to the west of the A9 road in area of high ground which was historically called the Druim Uachdair (the ridge of the upper ground). It is a Munro and a Marilyn with a height of 991 metres (3251 feet). The hill is well seen from the Pass of Drumochter showing off its impressive north facing corrie Coire Creagach which holds snow well into the spring. This notable rocky corrie gives the mountain its name which translates from the Gaelic as “Big Rocky Hillside” and this underlines the fact that Sgairneach Mhòr is the only hill in the group with any significant stony areas on its surface and makes it the most visually striking of the Drumochter hills.
Geography
Sgairneach Mhòr has extensive southern slopes which include the subsidiary tops of Màm Bàn (919 metres) and Meallan Buidhe (879 metres) and descend to the glen of the Allt Shallainn which is the main tributary of Loch Garry. Two distinct ridges go north and east from the summit enclosing Coire Creagach which is rocky but not overly steep giving a sporting scramble to the summit. The summit of the mountain is a SW-NE orientated plateau with the highest point never in doubt, standing at the NE end close to the edge of Coire Creagach and being marked by an OS trig point surrounded by a low stone built wind shelter. The summit of the mountain was given as 500 metres SW of the present position in the original 1891 version of Munro's Tables, due to the limitations of the available mapping. This position (marked by a cairn) measures only 963 metres in altitude, almost 30 metres lower than the true summit. The correct position was noted in the 1921 edition of the Tables. However the 1974 edition, the first to give grid references, gives the old position, doubtless an oversight.
The eastern ridge connects to the adjacent Corbett of The Sow of Atholl, and is narrow near the summit as it goes round the rim of Coire Creagach before broadening as it drops in easy angled slopes to a col with a height of approximately 650 metres. This eastern ridge is one of the main routes of ascent. The NE ridge is another possible route of ascent from upper Coire Dhomhain although its slopes are steep and rough in places. The hills western flank consist of broad slopes which contour around the head of Coire Dhomhain and descend to a col which links to the adjacent Munro of Beinn Udlamain. All drainage from the mountain goes south via the rivers Garry and Tummel to join the drainage basin of the River Tay and reaching the east coast at the Firth of Tay.
Ascents and view
The direct ascent of Sgairneach Mhòr is not a difficult walk as the starting point is at the summit of the Drumochter Pass on the A9 road and has a starting altitude of 462 metres. The walk crosses the railway and ascends Coire Dhomhain on a good track on the north bank of the Allt Coire Dhomhain. After approximately two km the track is left and the burn is crossed (no bridge) to its southern bank. It is then a walk south through pathless heather to reach the eastern ridge which is followed to the summit. If the burn is in spate then an alternative is to walk higher up into Coire Dhomhain and then ascend by the steeper northern ridge.
The ascent of Sgairneach Mhòr can be combined with any of the other three hills which stand around the glen of the Allt Coire Dhomhain. The SMCs Munro handbook recommends climbing it with Beinn Udlamain, however the high starting altitude at Drumochter Pass means a complete traverse around the valley including the hills of The Sow of Atholl, Sgairneach Mhòr, Beinn Udlamain and A' Mharconaich is not an over strenuous day. The highlight of the view from the summit is to the west where there is an excellent view of the Ben Alder group of mountains.
References
Category:Munros
Category:Marilyns of Scotland
Category:Mountains and hills of Perth and Kinross
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Harald Julin
Harald Sigfrid Alexander Julin (27 March 1890 – 31 July 1967) was a Swedish swimmer and water polo player who competed at the 1906, 1908, 1912 and 1920 Olympics. In 100 m freestyle swimming he won a bronze medal in 1908, and failed to reach the finals in 1906 and 1912; he finished fifth in the 4×250 m freestyle relay in 1906. In water polo he won bronze medals in 1908 and 1920 and a silver at the 1912 Summer Olympics in his native Stockholm. His sons Åke and Rolf also became Olympic water polo players.
Julle came from a rich family. Besides water sports he was a fan of motor racing, working as a secretary of the Royal Automobile Club and helping organize several racing events. He later joined the national sports federation.
References
Category:1890 births
Category:1967 deaths
Category:Swedish male water polo players
Category:Swedish male swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Sweden
Category:Olympic water polo players of Sweden
Category:Swimmers at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Category:Swimmers at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Category:Water polo players at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Category:Water polo players at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Category:Water polo players at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Sweden
Category:Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Category:Olympic medalists in water polo
Category:Stockholms KK swimmers
Category:Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Category:Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Category:Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic silver medalists in swimming
Category:Stockholms KK water polo players
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Diamond Aircraft Industries
Diamond Aircraft Industries is a Chinese-owned manufacturer of general aviation aircraft and motor gliders, based in Austria. It is the third largest manufacturer of aircraft for the general aviation sector, and had a global presence; possessing its own manufacturing facilities in Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria and in London, Ontario, Canada, as well as further production lines operated as joint ventures in other nations, such as China.
The company was established by Austrian aircraft designer Wolf Hoffmann in 1981, at which point it was known as Hoffmann Flugzeugbau. The firm quickly set about establishing production of its initial aircraft, a motor glider initially known as the HK36 Dimona. This aircraft proved to be a commercial success, leading to improved models and further types of aircraft being derived from it. Following several changes in ownership and naming, the company received the name Diamond Aircraft Industries in 1998. By this point, Diamond was producing a range of light aircraft, including the Dimona, the Diamond DA20, and the in-development Diamond DA40.
In 2004, Diamond introduced its first multi-engined aircraft, the Diamond DA42 Twin Star. The Twin Star became popular with both civil and government operators; demand from the latter led to the development of the Aeronautics Defense Dominator, a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used for aerial surveillance duties. For several years, the company was engaged in the development of a single-engined very light jet aircraft, known as the Diamond D-Jet, intended for both private and military customers alike. However, as a consequence of the Great Recession, funding became scarce and work on the D-Jet's development was eventually terminated during early 2013.
Diamond was acquired by the Chinese company Wanfeng Aviation in December 2017.
History
1980s
In 1981, a new company, Hoffmann Flugzeugbau, was founded by aircraft designer Wolf Hoffmann in Friesach, Carinthia, Austria; it was formed with the ambition of becoming a major aircraft manufacturer for general aviation purposes. According to Michael Feinig, a future managing director of the company, the firm's leadership had recognised that there was a market for a range of modern light aircraft, and that the general aviation sector had been then dominated by mostly old designs from established manufacturers. By taking advantage of innovations in avionics and manufacturing technologies, the market could be disrupted by a capable competitor.
Hoffmann Flugzeugbau quickly set about the development of a suitable aircraft to launch its product range with. Accordingly, during the early 1980s, the company launched production of a two-seat all-composite motor glider, initially known as the H36 Dimona. The H36 demonstrated the company's ambition to raise both the quality and performance of such aircraft while making them available at competitive prices. The type was relatively successful, becoming the biggest-selling motor glider in Europe and, by 2004, four separate versions of the Dimona - which were marketed as the HK36 Super Dimona or Xtreme - were available for purchase.
In 1985, the company was renamed Hoffman Aircraft Limited and became a subsidiary of Simmering-Graz-Pauker AG, which resulted in the company's headquarters being relocated to Vienna. During 1987, the company reestablished its main production facility in Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria. During the late 1980s, amid the various corporate changes in both identity and ownership, the company's management had proceeded with its work towards the goal of rapidly expanding Hoffman's product range.
In line with this mission statement, it had been decided to develop a new two-seat aircraft, the HK36R, which used the H36 Dimona as a basis. This would result in the production of the DV20 Katana, a Rotax 912-powered two-place light aircraft, which was the company's first production general aviation aircraft.
1990s
During 1991, Hoffman's parent company was renamed HOAC AG and was purchased by the Dries Family.
In 1992, as a measure to establish a strong foothold with the competitive North American market, Hoffman decided to launch a second manufacturing facility located in London, Ontario, Canada. By this point, the company considered itself to be secure in its dominance of the European market, and sought to be embraced by American operators as well. Prior to 1996, the Canadian branch operated under the name Dimona Aircraft, this was changed to Diamond Aircraft in 1996, while the parent company remained as HOAC at this time.
In 1993, the Austrian-built DV20 Katana received certification, clearing the type for its entry to service. According to aerospace publication Flight International, the DV20 "confirmed Diamond as a serious contender for the light aircraft crown".
An improved model of the DV20, designated as the DA20, was developed for North America and was manufactured in Canada; the first Canadian-built DA20 was delivered in 1995. It received the Flight magazine's Eagle Award for best light aircraft in the same year. During 1997, the delivery of the 500th DV20 occurred; it was also in this year that the introduction of the DA20-C1 took place, which had improved performance and load capabilities. The DA20-C1 Eclipse (an improved version of the DA20-C1) also entered production.
In 1998, the parent company was renamed Diamond Aircraft GmbH to better align with the naming convention of the North American operation. The company also purchased the Wiener Neustadt East Airport in that same year. The firm continued to work on multiple new aircraft types in order to further grow its product line; these were developed in line with a company-wide philosophy of seeking to offer aircraft that lacked any equivalent in terms of performance to any existing major product being produced from any of its competing manufacturers; this was a measure to consciously avoid instances of direct head-to-head competition.
In 1997, the Diamond DA40 a four-place IFR aircraft, received certification; it was followed by the twin diesel engine DA42 in 2004. According to Flight International, the DA40 was capable of outperforming many similar aircraft which at that time had carried substantially greater purchase costs than the DA40 outfitted with a basic configuration. When launched in 2001, the DA40TDI was the first production aircraft powered by a single diesel-based piston engine.
2000s
In 2002, a new programme to develop an aircraft equipped with twin diesel engines, the Diamond DA42 Twin Star, was launched. During May 2004, the DA42 received certification. Even prior to its introduction to service, a heavy order book for the DA42 had already been accumulated, and plans had been mooted for the development of a dedicated unmanned air vehicle (UAV) platform based upon the type. This would be introduced as the Aeronautics Defense Dominator, a medium-altitude long-endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) which was used for aerial surveillance duties.
In 2003, Diamond announced the launch of its light jet program, known as the Diamond D-Jet. This five-seat single engine jet aircraft was marketed towards the emergent very light jet market, and was considered to be a major diversification for the company. Nonetheless, Feinig was confident on the prospective demand for the type, forecasting that around 15 per cent of demand for the D-Jet would come from existing Diamond customers. Development of the D-Jet, unlike the majority of the company's programs, would be protracted as a result of numerous factors, of both a technical and fiscal nature.
Speaking in 2004, Feinig stated of the company's ambition "Our vision is to be number one manufacturer of propeller-driven single and twins... and we aim to hold that position within five years". During 2001, aircraft deliveries totalled 176; during 2003, deliveries had risen to 263. In 2004, deliveries were forecast to climb as high as 850 aircraft per year in 2008. In 2005, the company announced the establishment of a joint venture that sought to produce the DA-40 light aircraft in China.
In 2004, the company opened its new composites facility in Austria; it housed production of wings and fuselages for the DA42 and the in-development D-Jet, and supported Diamond's ambitions to boost annual production capacity to 600 aircraft, around half of which will be shipped to Canada for final assembly. Also during 2004, a new supply-orientated subsidiary, named Diamond Aircraft Croatia, was established to perform the manufacture of labour-intensive composite parts in a new purpose-built factory in Varazdin, Croatia.
In December 2008, the company informed employees by mail that, as a consequence of the economic situation, they would be laying off 100 workers from the company's Austrian facility in Wiener Neustadt. At that time, the facility employed 700 of the company's 2,100 worldwide workforce. The wider market for general aircraft had plummeted as an impact of the Great Recession; the gradual recovery from this event would take many years and would not be without consequence on several of Diamond's existing production lines and development programmes.
2010s
In March 2011, the president and CEO of Diamond Aircraft Canada, Peter Maurer, indicated that his company's future was in doubt and relied on getting the D-Jet to market, as piston sales remained slow since the start of the Great Recession in 2007. To get the D-Jet into production the company found $20M in private investment, plus the commitment of an additional $35M from the Government of Ontario. The Ontario government investment was contingent on Diamond also securing an additional $35M from the Government of Canada. If both federal and provincial loans were provided then, combined with funds already provided, the total provincial and federal government investment would have been $100M. Maurer indicated "If we don’t get the funding from the federal government, it puts us in a difficult situation. If the D-JET, for example, in a case scenario, were not to continue it would have a negative impact on the rest of the company’s operations. [The debts are] at a level that would be very difficult to satisfy out of piston sales," he said. "I’ll let you do the extrapolation."
By the end of March 2011, with a federal election in full swing and no sign of the requested federal government loans coming, the company laid-off 213 London-based employees, mostly on the D-Jet program. Company CEO Peter Maurer stated, "We are hopeful that the government will give this matter urgent attention and provide the requested assistance". During April, Diamond indicated that it needed C$8M from the federal government over the next four months as an interim measure. Local Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament Ed Holder stated that Diamond owner Christian Dries had told him that he would close the London plant and announce the closure just before the federal election if support was not forthcoming. Dries issued a denial of the conversation, but Holder insisted that was correct and suggested that Diamond look to the province or the city for the money instead.
Following the 2 May 2011 federal election, which returned a majority Conservative government, Industry Minister Tony Clement announced that the government had rejected Diamond's loan request. Clement stated "We are stewards of taxpayers dollars and we have risked, quite rightly, $20 million in taxpayer dollars to date, and it is not judicious to up that by another $35 million. We hope the company Diamond continues to be part of the scene in London. We do not wish for its demise." Maurer indicated that the company was still working on private investment options but that would take more time and that in the meantime they were continuing to lose their laid-off staff. He also stated "We have been very clear that without this loan, the D-Jet program is at risk here in London. Diamond’s future is at risk here." Maurer indicated that when upcoming loan repayments are due that the company cannot meet those obligations out of propeller aircraft sales and without an infusion of capital cannot get the D-Jet to market.
On 13 November 2011, Diamond announced that a majority share of Diamond Aircraft Holdings, Canada, the Canadian operating arm of the company, had been sold to Medrar Financial Group, an investment company based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates for an undisclosed amount. The move was intended to provide continued production of the company's piston-engine line and also allow development of the D-Jet project to continue. The announcement of the investment, along with gradually improving economic conditions, seemed to increase customer confidence as the company registered a 33% increase in sales in 2011 over the previous year. Diamond delivered 185 aircraft in 2011, compared to 139 in 2010.
However, the sale to Medrar was never completed as a result of the firm failed to come up with the agreed money. Diamond continued operations, using funding from its own shareholders. In late February 2013, having not located further operational funding, the company laid off the majority of its Canadian staff and ceased work on the D-Jet program, indicating that the company needed to reorganize. Staff working on filling aircraft orders and parts support were retained. By mid-2014, some staff had returned to work.
In March 2012, company CEO Christian Dries indicated that the market focus of the company had been changed by the recession of 2008-10 and that the company was deriving two-thirds of its revenue from military and government contracts, primarily for manned and unmanned surveillance versions of its DA42. In April 2012, the company announced the Diamond Hero, an autonomous operation helicopter unmanned aerial vehicle.
On 13 December 2016 Diamond sold a 60% share of its Diamond Aircraft Canada operation to the Wanfeng Aviation, part of the Wanfeng Auto Holding Group, a Chinese conglomerate. Diamond Aircraft characterized the sale as a "strategic reinvestment" and indicated that the move would allow a re-assessment of the suspended D-Jet program.
At the April 2017 AERO Friedrichshafen show, along with diesel variants of the DA50, the composite Diamond DART 280 light-single piston-engined helicopter concept was launched. It will compete with the Robinson R44 with a MTOW and a 280shp (208 kW) four-stroke jet-fuel engine. A first flight is scheduled for the autumn of 2018, with certification forecast for a year later.
Diamond was acquired by the Chinese company Wanfeng Aviation in December 2017.
At the December 2018 MEBAA, the Saudi Arabian National Company of Aviation-CAE Inc. Training Centre in Dammam ordered 60 single-engine DA40 NG and twin-engine DA42-VI, to be delivered over five years, with Garmin G1000 NXi glass panels and diesel engines.
Research
Diamond is testing automatic landing procedures, and is developing a hybrid electric quad-tiltrotor prototype using technology tested in their E-Star.
Products
Aircraft
Diamond DA20
Diamond DV20
Diamond DA36 E-Star
Diamond DA40 Star
Diamond DA42 TwinStar
Diamond DA50
Diamond DA52
Diamond DA62
Diamond HK36 Dimona
Diamond Dart 450
Diamond D-Jet
Diamond Hero - UAV
Simulators
D-SIM-20
D-SIM-40
D-SIM-42
D-SIM-D-JET
References
External links
Diamond Aircraft Industries - Austria
Diamond Aircraft Industries - North America
Category:Aircraft manufacturers of Austria
Category:Aircraft manufacturers of Canada
Category:Companies established in 1981
Category:Austrian brands
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José María Larrauri Lafuente
José María Larrauri Lafuente (March 4, 1918 – December 9, 2008) was a Spanish Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. At the time of his death, aged 90, he was one of the oldest bishops in the Church and one of oldest bishops of Spain.
Lafuente was born in Vitoria, Spain and was ordained a priest on June 29, 1948 in Vitoria, Spain. He was appointed Auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of Pamplona on September 21, 1970, along with the Titular Bishop of Aufinium, and was ordained a bishop on November 4, 1970. On February 16, 1979 Legarreta was appointed to the Vitoria Diocese and would remain there until his retirement on September 8, 1995.
References
External links
Catholic Hierarchy
Vitoria Diocese Site
José María Larrauri Lafuente's obituary
Category:1918 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops
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The Mosaic Project (album)
The Mosaic Project is an album by jazz drummer Terri Lyne Carrington. It won the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album in 2012. The album is part jazz, part rhythm and blues (R&B), with vocals contributed by Cassandra Wilson, Dianne Reeves, Dee Dee Bridgewater, Gretchen Parlato, Esperanza Spalding, and Nona Hendryx.
Carrington wrote five of the songs, including "Magic and Music", a tribute to singer Teena Marie, who died in 2010 seven months before The Mosaic Project was released. There are cover versions of "Michelle" by the Beatles and "Simply Beautiful" by Al Green.
Track listing
Personnel
Terri Lyne Carrington – drums, percussion, arranger, producer
Cassandra Wilson – vocals
Dianne Reeves – vocals
Dee Dee Bridgewater – vocals
Gretchen Parlato – vocals
Carmen Lundy – vocals
Nona Hendryx – vocals
Shea Rose – vocals
Esperanza Spalding – vocals, bass
Mimi Jones – bass
Anat Cohen – clarinet, bass clarinet, soprano saxophone
Tineke Postma – alto saxophone, soprano saxophone
Patrice Rushen – keyboards, piano
Geri Allen – keyboards, piano
Helen Sung – keyboards, piano
Ingrid Jensen – flugelhorn, trumpet
Hailey Niswanger – flute
Linda Taylor – guitar
Chia-Yin Carol Ma – violin
Sheila E. – percussion
Angela Davis – commentary
Technical
Robert Hebert – executive producer
Frank White – executive producer
Bernie Yaged – associate producer
Martin Walters – mixing
Mike Marciano – engineer
Erik Zobler – engineer
Chaye DeGasperin – engineer
Jeremy Loucas – engineer, mixing
wiidope – Remix engineer, mixing
Paul Blakemore – mastering
References
Category:2011 albums
Category:Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album
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Chattanooga Mocs football
The Chattanooga Mocs football program is the intercollegiate college football team for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. The team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) and are members of the Southern Conference. The school's first football team was fielded in 1904. The team plays its home games at the 20,668 seat Finley Stadium. They are coached by UTC alumni, Rusty Wright. He was an assistant coach under Russ Huesman.
Hall of Fame wide receiver Terrell Owens played for the Mocs from 1992 to 1995.
History
Classifications
1937–1945: NCAA College Division
1946–1948: NCAA University Division
1949: NCAA College Division
1950: NCAA University Division
1951–1972: NCAA College Division
1973–1976: NCAA Division II
1977: NCAA Division I
1978–1981: NCAA Division I–A
1982–present: NCAA Division I–AA/FCS
Conference memberships
1899–1913: Independent
1914–1932: Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association
1930–1941: Dixie Conference
1942–1972: Independent
1973–1976: NCAA Division II Independent
1977–present: Southern Conference
Seasons
Notable former players
Hugh Beaumont
C.J. Board
Abe Cohen
B. J. Coleman
Aaron Grant
Tony Hill
Spider Johnson
Chris Jones
Art Koeninger
Joe Kopcha
Corey Levin
Derrick Lott
Travis McNeal
Terrell Owens
Chris Sanders
Terdell Sands
Buster Skrine
Paul Squibb
Davis Tull
Keionta Davis
Conference championships
1977, 1978, 1979, 1984, 2013, 2014, 2015.
Playoff appearances
National championships
The city of Chattanooga hosted the Division I-AA (now FCS) Football Championship 14 times at Finley Stadium from 1997 to 2009.
References
External links
*
Category:Sports clubs established in 1909
Category:1909 establishments in Tennessee
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Negro Lakes
Negro Lakes was a lake in Iron County, Wisconsin, in the United States until its name was changed to Snowshoe Lakes.
Some map services have failed to update the name despite the fact that the Wisconsin DNR records no "Negro Lakes" in Iron County.
See also
List of lakes in Wisconsin
References
Category:Lakes of Iron County, Wisconsin
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Þórshöfn
Þórshöfn is a small fishing village in northeast Iceland, located on the northern coast of the Langanes peninsula on the Þistilfjörður bay.
The village has a population of 380 people. It is the administrative centre of Langanesbyggð municipality and of the neighbouring Svalbarðshreppur municipality. In Þórshöfn there is a year-round service to tourists, and Air Iceland connects the village to Akureyri and Reykjavík with seasonal flights from Þórshöfn Airport.
Þórshöfn is also the Icelandic name of Tórshavn (capital of the Faroe Islands).
Climate
The climate is arctic (Koppen: ET) with cold winters and cool summers.
References
External links
Official website
Travelguide
Category:Populated places in Northeastern Region (Iceland)
Category:Fishing villages
Category:Fishing communities in Iceland
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Jim Chester
Jim Chester is an American college baseball coach and former player. He is the head baseball coach for Gardner–Webb University. Chester played college baseball at Thiel College for coach Joe Schaly from 2000 to 2003.
Playing career
Chester played college baseball at Thiel College.
Coaching career
On August 4, 2014, Chester was named the head baseball coach for Lock Haven University. On November 8, 2017, Chester was named the head baseball coach for Barton College.
On June 14, 2019, Chest was named the head coach at Gardner–Webb University.
Head coaching record
See also
List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches
References
External links
Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs bio
Category:Living people
Category:Thiel Tomcats baseball players
Category:Seton Hill Griffins baseball coaches
Category:Mercyhurst North East Saints baseball coaches
Category:Penn State Greater Allegheny Nittany Lions baseball coaches
Category:Lock Haven Bald Eagles baseball coaches
Category:Barton Bulldogs baseball coaches
Category:Gardner–Webb Runnin' Bulldogs baseball coaches
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Damion Scott
Damion Scott (born 1976) is a comic book artist and writer, known for his work on books such as Batman, Robin, and Batgirl, Web of Spider-Man, and Duppy. He splits his time between New York and Tokyo, where he founded an art studio that publishes a Japanese comic called Saturday Morning Cartoons or SAM-C.
Career
Scott graduated from The Kubert School in the late 1990s.
His drawing style is influenced by and the Hip hop culture. In 2006 Scott wrote a book, How To Draw Hip-Hop, which was published by Watson-Guptill.
Scott has worked on several DC Comics, including Batman, Robin, and Batgirl. Scott has also worked on Spider-Man, for Marvel Comics. He illustrated issue #10 of the Solo series in 2006.
In 2007, Scott moved to Japan to pursue commercial and fine art, doing magazine illustrations, street art and gallery shows.
Scott drew a Raven miniseries for DC Comics. He currently lives in Japan and is heavily involved in the local art scene, having started an art studio in Tokyo and a Japanese comic titled Saturday Morning Cartoons or SAM-C. He is participating in an Art Showcase in Harajyuku on October 17–18, 2009, entitled "Battle for the Big Toy". In September 2012 he drew two issues of Web of Spider-Man and has a series titled Duppy. At this time he also illustrated "The Brooklyn Avengers," a comic in which Spiderman moves to Brooklyn.
In 2014, Scott took over the art duties for Ghost Rider, beginning with issue 6. In 2015 he assisted with "Daryl Makes Comics," a project by Darryl McDaniels.
Scott is currently illustrating Accell for Lion Forge Comics, written by Joe Casey, starting in June 2017. Fourteen issues and three trade paperback collections have been released so far.
Personal life
Scott has lived in Japan since 2007, though as of 2012, he was splitting his time between Tokyo and New York.
References
External links
Category:1976 births
Category:Living people
Category:American comics artists
Category:American comics writers
Category:The Kubert School alumni
Category:Writers from New York (state)
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Sierosław, Łódź Voivodeship
Sierosław is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Moszczenica, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately west of Moszczenica, north-west of Piotrków Trybunalski, and south of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Category:Villages in Piotrków County
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Peter MacDonald
Peter MacDonald may refer to:
Peter Macdonald (Canadian politician) (1835–1923), Canadian Liberal MP for Huron East, Ontario, first elected in 1887
Peter Macdonald (Conservative politician) (1895–1961), MP for the Isle of Wight (1924–1959)
Peter MacDonald (Navajo leader) (born 1928), former Navajo tribal chairman
Peter MacDonald (director), British director
Peter Macdonald (Australian politician) (born 1943), former Mayor of Manly; former independent member of New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Manly
Peter MacDonald (computer programmer) (born 1957), early Linux programmer
Peter MacDonald (footballer) (born 1980), Scottish professional football player
Peter Fitzallan MacDonald (1830–1919), Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, Australia
See also
Peter McDonald (disambiguation)
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Charlotte Abramow
Charlotte Abramow (born 30 September 1993 in Brussels) is a Belgian photographer and filmmaker.
Biography
Charlotte Abramow made her first pictures around the age of 7. At the age of 16, she was spotted by photographer Paolo Roversi, during an internship at the 2010 Rencontres d'Arles. In 2011, Roversi wrote an article about her photos, "The fragility and soul of a warrior", published in Polka Magazine. In 2013, she joined the Gobelins School in Paris, and graduated in 2015. Her photographic work combines seriousness and absurdity.
In 2017, she started making the video for the song La Loi de Murphy and Je veux tes yeux by Angèle. In 2018, she created a video clip for International Women's Day, using the song Les Passantes by Georges Brassens, based on an idea by Christophe Coffre, president of Havas. The metaphorical depiction of vulvae and menstruation in this clip leads a YouTube ban, for under-18. This classification was later removed after protests from users.
She is working on a photographic project around her father, Maurice, who survived cancer.
Photographic works
2014: The Real Boobs (puis dans le cadre de la Nuit de l'année aux Rencontres d'Arles 2015)
2015: Metamorphosis (en collaboration avec le plasticien végétal Duy Anh Nhan Duc)
2015: Bleu (Exhibition Magazine)
2016: Dear Mother
2017: They Love Trampoline
2017: Angèle (pochette d'album)
2017: Un spectacle drôle, spectacle de l’humoriste Marina Rollman (également direction artistique)
création en cours: Maurice
création en cours: First Loves (en collaboration avec Claire Laffut)
en projet: Find Your Clitoris
Filmography
2017: La Loi de Murphy d'Angèle
2018: Je veux tes yeux d'Angèle
2018: Les Passantes de Georges Brassens (clip pour la Journée internationale des femmes)
Awards
Weekend Photo Awards 2011: prix du public
Prix Picto de la jeune photographie de mode 2013: finaliste
Prix Picto de la jeune photographie de mode 2014: 1er prix
Rencontres d'Arles 2015: finaliste des Photo Folio Review Awards
Rencontres d'Arles 2017: mention Spéciale pour Projet Maurice aux Photo Folio Review Awards
References
External links
Projet Maurice, project site photographic of Charlotte Abramow
Category:living people
Category:1993 births
Category:Music video directors
Category:Belgian women photographers
Category:Belgian photographers
Category:Fashion photographers
Category:Belgian women film directors
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Robert Robinson (engineer)
Robert Nathaniel Robinson (June 22 1906 – February 23 1994) was a Jamaican-born toolmaker who worked in the auto industry in the United States. At the age of 23, he was recruited to work in the Soviet Union. Shortly after his arrival in Stalingrad, Robinson was racially assaulted by two white American workers, both of whom were subsequently arrested, tried and expelled from the Soviet Union with great publicity.
Starting with a one-year contract by Russians to work in the Soviet Union, Robinson twice renewed his contract. After the publicity of his assault, he felt unable to return to the US and accepted Soviet citizenship. He earned a degree in mechanical engineering. His repeated attempts to visit outside the USSR finally resulted in an approved trip to Uganda in 1974, where he asked for and was given asylum. He married an African-American professor working there. He finally gained re-entry to the United States in 1986, and gained attention for his accounts of his 44 years in the Soviet Union.
Life
Born in Jamaica, Robinson moved with his parents to Cuba, where he grew up. He and his mother were abandoned by his father when he was six. His mother was born in Dominica and had gone to Jamaica while employed by a doctor. He and his mother emigrated to the United States and settled in Detroit. He went to local schools and became a skilled toolmaker at the Ford Motor Company during the expansive years in the auto industry.
In 1929 Ford and the Soviet Union agreed to cooperate on a car plant in Gorky to turn out Model T cars. In 1930, a Russian delegation visited the Company, where Robinson worked as a toolmaker. The delegation leader offered him and others a one-year contract in the Soviet Union. The pay would be far greater. They were promised free rent in a grand apartment, maid service, and a car. At 23, fearing he could be laid off at any moment due to the effects of the Great Depression and the institutionalised racism in the United States, and taking into account that a cousin of a friend had recently been lynched in the South, Robinson accepted.
Soviet Union
He arrived in Stalingrad on July 4, 1930, to begin working in a tractor factory. The only African American among a contingent of workers from the United States, Robinson was beaten by two white American workers shortly after his arrival. After the incident the Soviet press turned him into a minor celebrity, publicising his case as an example of American racism.
After his first year he renewed with another contract. After his second one-year contract expired in June 1932, Robinson went to Moscow to obtain a return ticket to the United States. Officials persuaded him to accept another one-year contract working at a ball-bearing factory. He was one of 362 "foreign specialists" at the plant when he started working there. After the assassination of Sergei Mironovich Kirov, Stalin's assumed successor, on December 1, 1934, the preferred status of foreign specialists ended "overnight".
In 1937, the US government ordered Robinson to return home or relinquish his citizenship. Robinson chose to stay in the Soviet Union due to the continuing depression and accepted Soviet citizenship although he later regretted this decision. He survived Stalin's Great Purge while many of his foreign acquaintances in Moscow vanished in 1936–1939.
On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Due to the nature of Soviet news reports, Robinson and others at his plant suspected that Soviet forces were suffering devastating losses. The Russians flocked to church that day, surprising Robinson, although after 24 years of Communist rule there were no priests to lead the congregation. Throughout the rest of the war, the government tolerated attendance to religious services.
Robinson survived the German invasion of Russia, during which Hitler's army was stopped only from Moscow. During the war, he almost died of starvation, with some meals consisting of six or seven cabbage leaves soaked in lukewarm water. Despite the war, the Soviets arranged for continued education. According to his autobiography, in July 1944, Robinson graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering, but did not receive his diploma until two years later.
In 1947, he starred as a black American in a film about Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay. He also advised and acted in a Russian film production of the American racial drama Deep Are The Roots, (Глубоки корни).
Return to the United States
After World War II, Robinson attempted to return to the US. He asked the singer and actor Paul Robeson, who had traveled to the Soviet Union, to help him leave the country. Robeson declined to do so as it would harm his relations with the Soviet leadership. Since the 1950s, Robinson had annually applied for a vacation visa abroad and each time, it was denied. Through the influence of two Ugandan ambassadors, Robinson was granted permission to visit Uganda in 1974. He bought a round-trip ticket so as not to arouse suspicion. Once there, he appealed for refuge, which was temporarily granted by Idi Amin. In 1976, Robinson married Zylpha Mapp, an African-American professor who was working at a university in Uganda.
Through the efforts of Ugandan officials, and US Information Service officer William B. Davis, he was eventually allowed to re-enter the United States and re-gained United States citizenship in 1986. He lived in the US until his death in 1994. Following his return, he gave interviews about his insights into Soviet life from the inside, and was also featured in the Detroit Free Press. He was honored by the Ford Motor Company, 60 years after he began his work there. He moved to Washington, D.C. with his wife.
After returning to the United States, Robinson wrote his autobiography, with the writer Jonathan Slevin. It was published as Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside The Soviet Union (1988).
Robinson died of cancer in 1994. Among those attending the funeral were his wife, William B. Davis, and Mathias Lubega, former Ugandan ambassador to the Soviet Union.
References
Further reading
Robert Robinson; with Jonathon Slevin (1988). Black on Red: My 44 Years Inside the Soviet Union. Washington, DC: Acropolis Books. .
Tim Tzouliadis. The Forsaken: From the Great Depression to the Gulags – Hope and Betrayal in Stalin's Russia. Little, Brown, 2009. "The Alabaman Herbert Lewis was locked up in a Stalingrad prison [for assaulting Robinson] ... his arrest, observed the visiting American reporter William Henry Chamberlin, seemed only to strengthen the "racial chauvinism" of the three hundred other Americans working at the tractor factory." (pp. 39–40).
Roman, Meredith L. Opposing Jim Crow: African Americans and the Soviet Indictment of U.S. Racism, 1928–1937 (Justice and Social Inquiry) University of Nebraska Press; Reprint edition (July 1, 2012), . Chapter 1: American Racism on Trial and the Poster Child for Soviet Antiracism. "On Thursday, July 24, 1930, around six o'clock in the evening at the Stalingrad Tractor Factory, Robert Robinson was walking away from the cafeteria when two white American men, Lemuel Lewis and William Brown, confronted him." (p. 26).
Smith, Homer. Black Man in Red Russia. Johnson; Ex-Lib edition (1964). ASIN: B000IQ7HGQ.
The Ghost of the Executed Engineer
An American Engineer in Stalin's Russia: The Memoirs of Zara Witkin, 1932–1934. Witkin, Zara (1900–1940), Find a Grave.
Alexander Dolgun (1926–1986) survivor of the Soviet Gulag who returned to his native United States.
Thomas Sgovio (1916–1997) American artist, and former inmate of a Soviet GULAG camp in Kolyma.
Victor Herman (1915–1985) Jewish-American initially known as the 'Lindbergh of Russia', who then spent 18 years in the Gulags of Siberia.
George Padmore (1903–1959) Pan-Africanist, journalist, studied in the United States and moved to the Soviet Union.
William Henry Chamberlin (1897–1969) American journalist during the trial of Robinson's assailants.
Jack Littlepage (1894–?) American mining engineer who helped the Soviet gold industry (1929–1937).
Alexander Pavlovitch Serebrovsky (1884–1938) Soviet petroleum and mining engineer executed during the Great Purge.
John Scott, BEHIND THE URALS: An American Worker in Russia's City of Steel. Worker at Magnitogorsk.
Category:1907 births
Category:1994 deaths
Category:African-American people
Category:Jamaican emigrants to the United States
Category:Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.
Category:American emigrants to the Soviet Union
Category:American expatriates in the Soviet Union
Category:American mechanical engineers
Category:People with acquired American citizenship
Category:People who lost United States citizenship
Category:Soviet mechanical engineers
Category:Soviet people of World War II
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Leopard of Rudraprayag
The Leopard of Rudraprayag was a male man-eating leopard, reputed to have killed over 125 people. It was eventually killed by hunter and author Jim Corbett.
Attacks
The first victim of the leopard was from Benji Village, and was killed in 1918. For the next eight years, people were afraid to venture alone at night on the road between the Hindu shrines of Kedarnath and Badrinath, for it passed through the leopard's territory, and few villagers left their houses after dark. The leopard, preferring human flesh, would break down doors, leap through windows, claw through the mud or thatch walls of huts and drag the occupants out before devouring them. According to official records, the leopard killed over 125 people. However, Corbett notes that the number of deaths was probably higher due to unreported kills and deaths due to injuries sustained in attacks.
Hunt for the leopard
Units of Gurkha soldiers and British soldiers were sent to track it but failed. Attempts to kill the leopard with high powered gin traps and poison also failed. Several well-known hunters tried to capture the leopard and as the British government offered financial rewards. In the autumn of 1925, Jim Corbett took it upon himself to try to kill the leopard and after a ten-week hunt, he successfully did so on 2 May 1926.
Reasons for becoming a man-eater
Corbett's notes revealed that this leopard, an overgrown elderly male, was in fine condition except for a few healed injuries sustained from hunters after it had become a man-eater. The leopard had started hunting people eight years earlier, when it was still young; therefore it was not old age that caused it to turn to hunting people. Corbett wrote that, in his opinion, human bodies left unburied during disease epidemics were the main reason for the Rudraprayag and Panar leopards to become man-eaters.
At the end of the introduction of his widely known book Man-Eaters of Kumaon, Corbett wrote:
Aftermath
In Rudraprayag, there is a sign-board which marks the spot where the leopard was shot. There is a fair held at Rudraprayag commemorating the killing of the leopard.
The leopard was the subject of a 2005 BBC Two TV Series Manhunters, in the episode The Man-Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag, which presents an entirely fictionalized representation of Jim Corbett's hunt.
The official record lists 125 people killed by the leopard.
References
The Man-eating Leopard of Rudraprayag, Jim Corbett, Oxford university press,
Category:Mammals of India
Category:Rudraprayag
Rudraprayag
Category:1926 animal deaths
Category:Man-eaters of India
Category:History of Uttarakhand
Category:Individual leopards
Category:Individual wild animals
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1921 Montana State Bobcats football team
The 1921 Montana State Bobcats football team was an American football team that represented Montana State College (later renamed Montana State University) in the Rocky Mountain Conference (RMC) during the 1921 college football season. In its second season under head coach D. V. Graves, the team compiled a 2–4 record (0–1 against RMC opponents) and was outscored by a total of 74 to 63.
Schedule
References
Montana State
Category:Montana State Bobcats football seasons
Montana State Bobcats football
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Christian Life Centre
Christian Life Centre (commonly abbreviated to CLC) is generally a name given to churches that are affiliated with the Australian Christian Churches, a Pentecostal denomination in Australia.
Congregations
Congregations include:
Sydney Christian Life Centre - a.k.a. Hillsong Waterloo, Sydney.
Hills Christian Life Centre - a.k.a. Hillsong Church.
London Christian Life Centre - a.k.a. Hillsong Church London.
Kiev Christian Life Centre - a.k.a. Hillsong Church Kiev.
Liverpool Christian Life Centre - a.k.a. Inspire Church.
Other denominations
Christian Life Centre - Elim Pentecostal Church.
Category:Australian Christian Churches
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Arthur Fenton (cricketer)
Arthur Fenton (27 February 1870 – 20 May 1950) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1896, and after moving to New Zealand in 1903 he played for Hawke's Bay and Wellington.
An off-spin bowler, useful tail-end batsman and brilliant fielder, Fenton played club cricket in Melbourne and Sydney before being engaged as a professional coach by the Hawke's Bay Cricket Association in late 1903. His best bowling performances were 5 for 78 for Hawke's Bay against Auckland in 1904-05 and 6 for 41 and 3 for 91 against Otago in 1908-09. As well as coaching, he was the caretaker at the Napier Recreation Ground.
He left Hawke's Bay in late 1911 to take up a groundsman's position at Athletic Park rugby ground in Wellington. He carried out drainage works that made a great improvement to the condition of the ground in wet weather. Playing for the University club in Wellington senior cricket, he took three hat-tricks during the 1916-17 season, and finished with 44 wickets at an average of 11.22.
He returned to Australia in 1920. He died in 1950 in Melbourne, where he lived in Power Street, Hawthorn, with his wife Charlotte.
See also
List of Victoria first-class cricketers
References
External links
Category:1870 births
Category:1950 deaths
Category:Australian cricketers
Category:Hawke's Bay cricketers
Category:Victoria cricketers
Category:Wellington cricketers
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Richmond Park Golf Course
Richmond Park Golf Course, a public, daily fee golf course comprising two 18-hole courses, is located in Richmond Park in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames and is home to Richmond Park Golf Club.
History
During and following the First World War there was a growth of provision of sports facilities within Richmond Park granted by the British monarchy. In order to provide golf facilities to "local artisans", unable to afford membership of private clubs, George V commissioned J. H. Taylor, one of the famous "Great Triumvirate" of Braid, Taylor and Vardon, to lay out an 18-hole golf course with architect Fred Hawtree on the eastern side of Richmond Park in the early 1920s.
The golf course was opened in 1923 by Edward, Prince of Wales (who was to become King Edward VIII and, after his abdication, Duke of Windsor). This became known as the "Princes Course". In 1925, following the course's success, a second 18-hole course was added, again designed by Hawtree and inaugurated this time by the Duke of York (later George VI), giving the course its title of the "Dukes Course".
In 1985, Martin Hawtree, grandson of the original architect, was commissioned to undertake a programme of modernisation on the two courses.
Courses
The course lies on the boundary of the park to the east of Beverley Brook, between Roehampton and Robin Hood gates, and is in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, bordering on the London Borough of Wandsworth. The Alton Estate, Roehampton, dominates the western skyline.
The course was developed on the former "Great Paddock" of Richmond Park, an area used for feeding deer for the royal hunt. The tree belt in this part of the park was supplemented by additional planting in 1936.
Richmond Park, excluding the Golf Course, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and national nature reserve and has a policy of encouraging biodiversity. One aspect of this is that decaying wood, whether still on the tree or fallen to the ground, is left undisturbed as far as possible to provide natural habitats. One of the local golf course rules is therefore that fallen trees and dead wood must be treated as Immovable Obstructions during the game.
Princes course
The Princes course lies on the higher ground and is 18-hole, , par 69, with the , par 5, final hole being the longest.
Dukes course
The Dukes course is 18-hole, , par 69/68 with the 5th, par 4, , being the longest. It is the lower and flatter of the two courses, crossed by a stream on holes 5, 6, 7, 11, 12 and 13.
Other facilities
The course also has a 16-bay driving range and a pro shop. A new grass roof clubhouse opened for business in April 2013. Located near Chohole Gate at the south of the course, the facility, which was officially opened in August 2013, adds seven new greens, eight new tees, a new driving range, and new, accessible golf academy. The new clubhouse has very low light and noise emission and the courses incorporate new ponds and other environmental features.
Richmond Park Golf Club
The Priory Golf Club was formed in 1924 by a group of enthusiastic players based at the newly opened "Princes course". The club changed its name to the current Richmond Park Golf Club in 1953. The club continues to play regularly at the course.
See also
Roehampton Club
Richmond Golf Club
References
External links
Category:Golf clubs and courses in London
Category:Richmond Park
Category:East Sheen
Category:Sports venues completed in 1924
Category:Sport in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Category:1924 establishments in England
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Chloropaschia aniana
Chloropaschia aniana is a species of snout moth in the genus Chloropaschia. It is found in South America.
References
Category:Moths described in 1925
Category:Epipaschiinae
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2018 CY2
is an asteroid, classified as a near-Earth object of the Apollo group, with an estimated diameter of . It was first observed on 9 February 2018, by astronomers of the Catalina Sky Survey at Mount Lemmon Observatory, Arizona, during its close approach to Earth.
Orbit and classification
is an Apollo asteroid. Apollo's cross the orbit of Earth and are the largest group of near-Earth objects with nearly 10 thousand known members. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.92–1.34 AU once every 14 months (438 days; semi-major axis of 1.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 27° with respect to the ecliptic. It is, however, not a Mars-crossing asteroid, as its aphelion of 1.34 AU is less than the orbit of the Red Planet at 1.666 AU. The body's observation arc begins its first observation at Mount Lemmon in February 2018.
Close approaches
The object has a minimum orbital intersection distance with Earth of , which corresponds to 17.6 lunar distances (LD). On 14 February 2018, 14:44 UTC, it came within 18.66 LD of the Earth (see diagrams). Its next close approach will be on 14 February 2024, at a similar distance.
Physical characteristics
The Minor Planet Center estimates a diameter of 59–190 meters. Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, measures between 100 and 190 meters in diameter, for an absolute magnitude of 22.33, and an assumed albedo between 0.057 and 0.20, which represent typical values for carbonaceous and stony asteroids, respectively.
As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown.
Numbering and naming
This minor planet has neither been numbered nor named.
See also
List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2018
References
External links
MPEC 2018-C87 : 2018 CY2, Minor Planet Electronic Circular
#
Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)
Category:Discoveries by CSS
Category:Near-Earth objects in 2018
20180209
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Thomas W. Merrill
Thomas W. Merrill, a legal scholar, is the Charles Evans Hughes professor at Columbia Law School. He has also taught at Yale Law School and Northwestern University School of Law.
He is a leader in three fields: property, administrative, and environmental law. He received a B.A. from Grinnell College in 1971 and a B.A. with first-class honors in philosophy, politics and economics in 1973 from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. He received his JD from the University of Chicago Law School in 1977 and went on to clerk for Judge David L. Bazelon of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, and then United States Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun. Before moving to Yale, he was the Charles Keller Beekman Professor of Law at Columbia from 2003 to 2008 and the John Paul Stevens Professor of Law at Northwestern University from 1993 to 2003. He also served as a Deputy Solicitor General from 1987 to 1990. Merrill returned to Columbia in 2010.
Merrill has published dozens of articles in the country's most prestigious law reviews, including the Columbia Law Review, Harvard Law Review, and Yale Law Journal. He has co-authored multiple textbooks, generally dealing with the laws of property. In 2013, Merrill was awarded the Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Prize by the College of William and Mary School of Law for his extensive body of work concerning property rights.
References
External links
Thomas W. Merrill at Columbia Law School
Category:American Rhodes Scholars
Category:Columbia Law School faculty
Category:Grinnell College alumni
Category:Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Category:Living people
Category:Northwestern University faculty
Category:Scholars of constitutional law
Category:University of Chicago Law School alumni
Category:Yale Law School faculty
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Mary Throne
Mary A. Throne (born c. 1960) is a Democratic former member of the Wyoming House of Representatives, representing the 11th district from 2007 until 2017. In August 2017, Throne announced her candidacy for Governor of Wyoming in the 2018 election. She easily won the Democratic primary on August 21, 2018. On November 6, 2018, she was defeated in the general election by Republican State Treasurer Mark Gordon.
Biography
Throne was born and raised in Campbell County, Wyoming on a ranch on Wild Horse Creek. She has a bachelor's degree in history from Princeton University and a law degree from Columbia Law School. After college she spent two years volunteering in Thailand, and then moved back to Wyoming to work as an Assistant Wyoming Attorney General in the state, serving in that role from 1992-1999.
Throne was elected to the Wyoming House of Representatives in 2006 and was defeated for reelection by Jared Olsen in 2016. She ran for Governor of Wyoming in the 2018 election, but was defeated by then-State Treasurer Mark Gordon. In 2019, Gordon named Throne to a vacancy on the Wyoming Public Service Commission.
References
External links
Wyoming State Legislature - Representative Mary Throne official WY Senate website
Mary Throne for Governor Campaign Website
Project Vote Smart - Representative Mary Throne (WY) profile
Follow the Money - Mary Throne
2006 campaign contributions
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Category:1960 births
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:21st-century American women politicians
Category:Columbia Law School alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the Wyoming House of Representatives
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:Women state legislators in Wyoming
Category:Wyoming Democrats
Category:Candidates in the 2018 United States elections
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Doraemon: Nobita's Space Heroes
, also known as Doraemon The Super Star 2015 and later as Doraemon the Movie 35th is a Japanese anime superhero film and the 35th Doraemon film. It was released in Japan on 7 March 2015. This movie commemorates the 35th anniversary of the Doraemon (1979) anime series and 10th anniversary of the Doraemon (2005) anime. This movie is similar to Doraemon's 6th movie, Nobita's Little Star Wars (1985).
Plot
In the beginning, a space ship crashes into the area at dark night. One day, Suneo, Gian and Shizuka decide to make a movie about space-based hero film Guardians of the Galaxy is a magical current blockbuster after Nobita did some rubber band art in front of the little kids. The role of the beast should be played by Nobita to do the film but he cooperated with Suneo group. While they were shooting the film, Gian beats Nobita as he was a space alien and Nobita starts crying and runs away to the house to ask help from Doraemon. After that, they two return where the Suneo's group were shooting the film and Doraemon takes a gadget from his pocket which is a film director called Burger director. And they all become space heroes and in the film, they started fighting with space monsters. Meanwhile, an alien from outside the planet comes to ask help from the space heroes and they agree to follow him. On the spacecraft, alien that is Aron, sheriff of Pokkoru planet which is full of rats, were lucky to escape the pursuit of security personnel of Recreation Land Space (space pirates Impersonation). Until arriving on the planet they thought that the party was only scened in the movie. When the arrived on the planet, they were attacked two or three times, then they get to now that it is not a scene in the film, this group is real. Then they followed Aron to the shelter of his secrets. And after two days, they panned and come out of the secret place for the battle.
The following morning, Aron and reconnaissance group enter the Pokkoru planet. After that Aron tries to warn councilors and the public to remain alert, but no one believes it. Nobita discovers pirates la of the universe, so he pushes him away and goes down and dropped the star hero down in the wells. Fortunately, Aron finds that Nobita tied by ropes and accidentally left active disguised know of Space Land is sucking the energy plan of the planet to shoot down Arumasu star (stars carry light breeds Sun). However, Aron and Nobita was discovered by MEBA and Gian and Suneo was arrested earlier by Ogon. Shizuka, Doraemon, and Nobita had seen the star of drifting toward him, saw something not healthy for people to rescue them down and their friends. Although the rescue was successful but Shizuka was caught by Haido in order to surrender the Aron's group, Burger director then shows virtual images to fool Haido and saving Shizuka. However, when both of the shelters, the group began to split and Aron learn the truth about the hero, but still Aron praises the group as a hero since they still coming to the planet Pokkoru for helping him. The group then decided to help save the planet, Pokkoru Aron.
The group moves towards the straight to the tower group Space, while residents Pokkoru were unaware of their dangers. MEBA and Ogon arrive to block and fight the group, while the Haido group is in the basement at the foot of the tower. MEBA attack Aron and Nobita try to help but accidentally caught inside the ship of pirates because of MEBA waist fall against him, Shizuka then fights and defeated MEBA, while gian dueling and beating Ogon. Doraemon, Suneo, and Aron going into the basement but Haido using fighter hit back to destroy them. Shizuka and gian arrive and attack Haido's fighter, resulting in Haido to crash. After confronting Haido, the group learning the secret out.
Nobita fights Ikaros when alone but because he is too weak (due to no energy from graphite - a major component of the star Arumasu), Nobita quickly defeated him. After learning the secret out, they returned to the ship heading to disable launchers but they were too late because IKarosu had triggered it. Luckily, they stopped the group of star explosions and killed Arumasu after Burger user must Ikarosu and in the rewinding time Pokkoru planet has not sucked the energy to restore life star of this planet. Escape Pokkoru planet from destruction and residents gradually awakened before Aron's warning.
The story ends with the message "Let's protect this smile ...".
Production team
Original - Fujiko F. Fujio
Screenplay - Higashi Shimzu
Director - Yoshihiro Osugi
Production - "Doraemon: Nobita's Space Heroes" 2015 Producer (Fujiko professional, Shin-Ei Animation, Shogakukan, Asatsu DK, TV Asahi, ShoPro, Toho, Dentsu, Shirogumi, Robot Communications, Asahi Broadcasting Corporation, menu - tele, Shuji Abe, Kyushu Asahi Broadcasting, Hokkaido TV, Hiroshima Home TV)
Major Production - Shin-Ei Animation
Distributed by - Toho
Cast
Release
The film was released in Japan on 7 March, 2015. It was released in India on 9 November, 2018 on Disney Channel entitled Doraemon The Movie Nobita Aur Antariksh Daku. This is 25th movie of Doraemon in India.
Music
For the first time on December 10, 2014 Miwa singer has revealed she will be able to present songs in the film. On February 25, 2015 her 17th single entitled "360" - the movie theme song was released.
The opening song: Yume wo Kanaete Doraemon (Character ver.) Author: Kurosu Katsuhiko / song - Doraemon (Wasabi Mizuta), Nobita (Ohara Megumi), Shizuka (Yumi Kakazu), Jaian (Kimura Subaru), Suneo (Tomokazu Seki) (Columbia )
The song ends: 360 Lyrics: Miwa / songwriter - Miwa & NAOKI-T / song - Miwa (Sony Music Japan Inc.)
Cage in the movie:
Yume o Kanaete Doraemon / Lyrics: Kurosu Katsuhiko / Artist: Suginami Children Chorus
Ginga Boueitai Miracle / Lyrics: Mike Sugiyama / Artist: Suginami Children Chorus
Guest Characters
Aron - He comes from 'Pokkuru' planet to Earth to get help as his planet is being invaded by space monsters
Burger Director - He is a gadget from Doraemon made to help the person using the gadget shoot a film.
Box office
The film topped the Japanese box office during its opening weekend (March 7–8) earning US$5.3 million on 557,000 admissions from 365 screens. As of April 19, 2015, it had grossed (¥3.75 billion) at the Japanese box office. The film was the fifth highest-grossing Japanese film at the Japanese box office in 2015, with (). As of February 2016, the film has grossed in Japan ($32.7 million), Hong Kong ($799,043), Italy ($1,295,875), South Korea ($696,169), Taiwan ($108,560), United Arab Emirates ($69,349), Vietnam ($350,706).
Here is the box office of this film of all the weekends in Japan:
Interesting Trivia
The Arumasu planet, referred to as a sun made out of diamonds, is a planet that exists in the Milky Way, called 55 Cancri e.
References
External links
ドラえもん映画祭2015
DORAEMON BLUE PROJECT
映画ドラえもん × タワーレコード キャンペーン
のび太の宇宙英雄記（スペースヒーローズ）フェア
ドラえもん&藤子・Ｆ・不二雄公式ファンブック Fライフ
Category:2015 films
Category:2015 anime films
Nobita's Space Heroes
Category:Japanese films
Category:Anime films
Category:Animated films about cats
Category:Robot films
Category:2010s Japanese superhero films
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São Vicente di Longe
São Vicente di Longe is the eighth album by Cesária Évora. The album charted at number 32 on the Swiss charts for 11 weeks, the longest of any Évora's record.
Track listing
Charts
Singles
Certifications and sales
References
External links
"iTunes - Music - São Vicente di Longe by Césaria Évora". iTunes. retrieved 23 October 2014.
Category:2001 albums
Category:Cesária Évora albums
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Kananu Kirimi
Kananu Kirimi (born 1977) is a British actress.
Biography
Kirimi was born in Nairobi, Kenya of a Kenyan father and Scottish mother. Her early years were spent at Strathallan School in Perthshire; she then took a three-year course at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
Kirimi's career developed as a classical actor in the theatre taking roles such as Viola in the Royal Shakespeare Company’s Twelfth Night and in Adrian Noble's 2002 Pericles, Prince of Tyre. She received a commendation at the 2002 Ian Charleson Awards for her performance in Pericles. In 2004, she played Juliet in the Globe Theatre's first Original Pronunciation production.
Film credits include the 2006 film, The Queen. In 2008 she starred as locum Dr. Joan Makori in the ITV1 drama series The Royal.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Kananu Kirimi at the British Film Institute
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:People educated at Strathallan School
Category:Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Category:Scottish television actresses
Category:People from Skye and Lochalsh
Category:Black British actresses
Category:Scottish people of Kenyan descent
Category:Kenyan people of Scottish descent
Category:Scottish stage actresses
Category:21st-century Scottish actresses
Category:British Shakespearean actresses
Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members
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KFLV
KFLV may refer to:
KFLV (FM), a radio station (89.9 FM) licensed to Wilber, Nebraska, United States
the ICAO code for Sherman Army Airfield
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Albert Pepperell
Albert James Pepperell (first ¼ 1922 – 1986) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, Cumberland and British Empire XIII, and at club level for Seaton ARLFC (in Seaton near Workington, now represented by Seaton Rangers of the Cumberland League), Huddersfield and Workington Town, as a , i.e. number 7.
Background
Albert Pepperell's birth was registered in Seaton district, Cumberland, England, he was a fitter at the Distington Engineering Company (Chapel Bank), Workington, and he died aged 63–64.
Playing career
International honours
Albert Pepperell won a cap for British Empire XIII while at Workington in 1952 against New Zealand, and won caps for Great Britain while at Workington in 1950 against New Zealand, and in 1951 against New Zealand.
County honours
Albert Pepperell represented Cumberland. Albert Pepperell played in Cumberland's 5-4 victory over Australia in the 1948–49 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France match at the Recreation Ground, Whitehaven on Wednesday 13 October 1948, in front of a crowd of 8,818.
Challenge Cup Final appearances
Albert Pepperell played in Workington Town's 18-10 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the 1952 Challenge Cup Final during the 1951–52 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 19 April 1952, in front of a crowd of 72,093.
Testimonial match
Albert Pepperell's Testimonial match at Workington Town took place in 1955.
Genealogical Information
Albert Pepperell's marriage to Josephine B. (née Charnley) was registered during third ¼ 1954 in Cockermouth district. They had children; Diane E. Pepperell (birth registered during fourth ¼ in Whitehaven district). Albert Pepperell was the younger brother of the rugby league footballers, Stanley Pepperell and Russell Pepperell.
References
External links
!Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England)
Category:1922 births
Category:1986 deaths
Category:British Empire rugby league team players
Category:Cumberland rugby league team players
Category:English rugby league players
Category:Great Britain national rugby league team players
Category:Huddersfield Giants players
Category:People from Cumberland
Category:Rugby league halfbacks
Category:Workington Town players
Category:Rugby league players who received a testimonial
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I Watched It on the Radio
I Watched It on the Radio was the second album released by country music artist Lionel Cartwright. Singles released from this album and their performance on the Hot Country Songs chart included, "I Watched It All (On My Radio)" (#8), "My Heart Is Set on You" (#7), and "Say It's Not True" (#31). The album itself peaked at number 21 on the charts.
Track listing
All songs written by Lionel Cartwright; except where noted.
"I Watched It All (On My Radio)" (Cartwright, Don Schlitz) - 3:21
"Old Coal Town" - 2:59
"Playing It Safe" - 3:32
"In The Long Run" - 3:45
"Say It's Not True" - 4:13
"I Refuse To Sing the Blues" - 2:55
"My Heart Is Set on You" - 3:13
"Let's Try Again" - 3:28
"Hard Act to Follow" (Cartwright, Cindy Cartwright) - 3:42
"True Believer" - 3:15
Release history
Chart performance
Personnel
As listed in liner notes.
Eddie Bayers – drums
Barry Beckett – piano, Fender Rhodes, B-3 organ
Lionel Cartwright – mandolin, acoustic guitar, piano, synthesizer, lead vocals
Paul Franklin – steel guitar
Dale Jarvis – background vocals
Mac McAnally – acoustic guitar, background vocals
Leland Sklar – bass guitar
Steuart Smith – electric guitar, synthesizer
Harry Stinson – background vocals
References
Category:1990 albums
Category:Lionel Cartwright albums
Category:MCA Records albums
Category:Albums produced by Tony Brown (record producer)
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George Dixon (Cockfield Canal)
George Robertus Dixon (18 November 1731 Bishop Auckland - 29 September 1785 Cockfield, County Durham), was a chemist, mathematician, engraver, china-painter, engineer, geologist and coalmine operator, who helped pioneer the use of coal gas in heating and gas lighting - one of his gas experiments leading to the destruction of his own house.
Dixon was one of the seven children of Mary Hunter of Newcastle and her husband, Sir George Fenwick Dixon (1701 - 1755), an affluent coal-mine owner. Dixon was also the elder brother of Jeremiah Dixon, who helped survey the Mason-Dixon line in the United States in 1767.
In the same year, with a view to easier transporting of local coal, Dixon and other colliery operators, excavated a stretch of canal on Cockfield Fell, hoping eventually to join the River Tees at Barnard Castle or to reach the sea, and dispense with the time-consuming practice of hauling coal over to the nearest port - he leased a colliery on Cockfield Fell, from Sir Henry Vane, 2nd Earl of Darlington of Raby Castle, where coal and iron had been worked since medieval times. The large cost and factions with conflicting interests ensured the failure of this ambitious canal scheme, but the idea did give rise in time, and with the aid of Edward Pease, to the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which served the same purpose of transporting coal, though passengers were not carried until September 1825.
The coal on Cockfield Fell eventually ran out, the last pits closing in 1962. As a result, the Haggerleases branch (formerly the Butterknowle branch) was closed by British Railways in September 1963. The station at Cockfield Fell still stands, but in a poor state of repair. The closure of the Darlington - Barnard Castle - Middleton line in 1965 signalled the death rattle of a once thriving transportation network.
Dixon married Sarah Raylton (20 August 1732 – 18 April 1796), the daughter of innkeeper John Raylton and Barbara Dixon, on 13 September 1753. They had eight children: Mary, George, George (infant deaths often led to the same name's being used for the next child), Jeremiah, John, Thomas, Sarah and Elizabeth. The name 'Raylton' cropped up again with his great-grandson Sir Raylton Dixon, the prominent Victorian shipbuilder.
External links
The Peases & The S&D Railway
References
Category:1731 births
Category:1785 deaths
Category:English engineers
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Hoffmanns's woodcreeper
Hoffmanns's woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi) is a species of bird in the Dendrocolaptinae subfamily. It is endemic to Brazil, and occurs in two river drainages in the Amazon Basin south of the main course of the Amazon River. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
References
External links
Photo (through trees); Article worldbirds
Hoffmann's woodcreeper
Category:Birds of the Amazon Basin
Category:Endemic birds of Brazil
Hoffmann's woodcreeper
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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Ary Scheffer
Ary Scheffer (10 February 179515 June 1858) was a Dutch-French Romantic painter. He was known mostly for his works based on literature, with paintings based on the works of Dante, Goethe, and Lord Byron, as well as religious subjects. He was also a prolific painter of portraits of famous and influential people in his lifetime. Politically, Scheffer had strong ties to King Louis Philippe I, having been employed as a teacher of the latter's children, which allowed him to live a life of luxury for many years until the French Revolution of 1848.
Life
Scheffer was the son of Johan Bernard Scheffer (1765–1809), a portrait painter who was born in Homberg upon Ohm or Kassel (both presently in Germany) and moved to the Netherlands in his youth, and Cornelia Lamme (1769–1839), a portrait miniature painter and daughter of landscape painter Arie Lamme of Dordrecht, for whom Arij (later "Ary") was named. Ary Scheffer had two brothers, the journalist and writer Karel Arnold Scheffer (1796–1853) and the painter Hendrik Scheffer (1798–1862). His parents educated him and he attended the drawing academy in Amsterdam from the age of 11 years. In 1808 his father became the court painter of Louis Bonaparte in Amsterdam, yet his father died one year later. Encouraged by Willem Bilderdijk, Ary moved to Lille, France for further study after the death of his father. In 1811 he and his mother, who greatly influenced his career, moved to Paris, France, where he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts as a pupil of Pierre-Narcisse Guérin. His brothers followed them to Paris later.
Scheffer started exhibiting at the Salon de Paris in 1812. He began to be recognized in 1817, and in 1819 he was asked to make a portrait of the Marquis de Lafayette. Perhaps because of Lafayette's acquaintances, Scheffer and his brothers were politically active throughout their lives and he became a prominent Philhellene.
In 1822 he became drawing teacher to the children of Louis Philippe I, the Duke of Orléans. Because of his connection with them, he obtained many commissions for portraiture and other work. In 1830 riots against the rule of King Charles X resulted in his overthrow. On 30 July, Scheffer and influential journalist Adolphe Thiers rode from Paris to Orléans to ask Louis Philippe I to lead the resistance, and a few days later he became "King of the French".
That same year, Scheffer's daughter Cornelia was born. He registered the name of her mother as "Maria Johanna de Nes", but nothing is known of her and she may have died soon after Cornelia's birth. Considering that his grandmother's name was "Johanna de Nes", it has been speculated that he kept the name of Cornelia's mother secret so as not to compromise the reputation of a noble family. Cornelia Scheffer (1830–1899) became a sculptor and painter in her own right. Scheffer's mother did not know of her namesake granddaughter until 1837, after which she cared for her until she died only two years later. Scheffer became an associate member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands in 1846, and resigned in 1851.
Scheffer and his family prospered during the reign of Louis Philippe I, who abdicated on 24 February 1848. Scheffer and Hendrik were inundated with artistic commissions, and they taught numerous students in their workshop in Paris, so many that of the works produced during this period that bear his signature the number that he actually made himself cannot be verified.
Scheffer was elevated as commander of the Legion of Honour in 1848. As a captain of the Garde Nationale he escorted the French royal family in its escape from the Tuileries and escorted the Duchess d'Orléans to the Chambre des Députés, where she in vain proposed her son as the next monarch of France. Scheffer fought in the army of Cavaignac during the June Days Uprising in Paris of 23 to 26 June 1848. The cruelty and hatred that the governmental faction exhibited and the misery of the lower classes so shocked him that he withdrew from politics and refused to make portraits of the family of Napoléon III, who reigned after the Uprising. On 16 March 1850 he married Sophie Marin, the widow of General Baudrand, and on 6 November of that year he finally became a French citizen. He continued to frequently travel to the Netherlands, and traveled to Belgium, Germany, and England, but a heart condition impaired his activity and eventually caused his death in 1858 in his summer house in Argenteuil. He is buried in the Cimetière de Montmartre.
Works
When Scheffer left Guérin's studio, Romanticism had come into vogue in France, with such painters as Xavier Sigalon, Eugène Delacroix and Théodore Géricault. Scheffer did not show much affinity with their work and developed his own style, which has been called "frigidly classical".
Scheffer often painted subjects from literature, especially the works of Dante, Byron and Goethe. Two versions of Dante and Beatrice have been preserved at Wolverhampton Art Gallery, United Kingdom, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, US. Particularly highly praised was his Francesca da Rimini, painted in 1836, which illustrates a scene from Dante Alighieri's Inferno. In the piece the entwined bodies of Francesca di Rimini and Paolo Malatesta swirl around in the never-ending tempest that is the second circle of Hell. The illusion of movement is created by the drapery that envelopes the couple, as well as by Francesca's flowing hair. These two figures create a diagonal line that intersects the majority of the canvas creating not only a sense of movement, but also giving the painting an air of instability. Francesca clings to Paolo as he turns his face away in anguish. There are an additional two figures in the image: hidden in the background, the poets Dante and Virgil look on as they make their way through the nine circles of Hell.
Scheffer's popular Faust-themed paintings include Margaret at her wheel; Faust doubting; Margaret at the Sabbat; Margaret leaving church; The garden walk, and Margaret at the well. In 1836, he painted two pictures of Goethe's character Mignon: Mignon desires her fatherland (1836), and Mignon yearns for heaven (1851).
He now turned to religious subjects: Christus Consolator (1836) was followed by Christus Remunerator, The shepherds led by the star (1837), The Magi laying down their crowns, Christ in the Garden of Olives, Christ bearing his Cross, Christ interred (1845), and St Augustine and Monica (1846).
One of the reduced versions of his Christus Consolator (the prime version today to be found in the Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam), lost for 70 years, was rediscovered in a janitor's closet in Gethsemane Lutheran Church in Dassel, Minnesota in 2007. It has been restored and is on display at the Minneapolis Institute of Art.
Scheffer was also an accomplished portrait painter, finishing 500 portraits in total. His subjects included composers Frédéric Chopin and Franz Liszt, the Marquis de la Fayette, Pierre-Jean de Béranger, Alphonse de Lamartine, Charles Dickens, Duchess de Broglie, Talleyrand and Queen Marie Amélie.
After 1846, he ceased to exhibit. His strong ties with the royal family caused him to fall out of favour when, in 1848, the Second Republic came into being. Scheffer was made commander of the Legion of Honour in 1848, that is, after he had wholly withdrawn from the Salon. Shut up in his studio, he produced many paintings that were only exhibited after his death in 1858.
The works first exhibited posthumously include Sorrows of the earth, and the Angel announcing the Resurrection, which he had left unfinished. By the time of his death, his reputation was damaged and was further undermined by the sale of the Paturle Gallery, which contained many of his most celebrated achievements: though his paintings were praised for their charm and facility, they were condemned for poor use of color and vapid sentiment.
Friends and family
At various times Maurice Sand, Scheffer, Charles Gounod, Hector Berlioz were in relationships with Pauline Viardot — in letters they claimed that they were in love with her. She wrote in one letter:
She was married to Louis Viardot at 18 years old, when her husband was a director of an Italian opera house in Paris and a friend of Scheffer. Scheffer was a confidant of Pauline Viardot and a friend of her family until his death.
In 1850 Scheffer became a French citizen and married Sophie Marin, the widow of General Marie Étienne François Henri Baudrand, who died on 7 September 1848. Marin died six years later (1856).
His younger brother Hendrik Scheffer, born in The Hague on 27 September 1798, was also a painter.
See also
Musée de la Vie Romantique, Hôtel Scheffer-Renan, Paris
References
Further reading
External links
Ary Scheffer at Art Renewal Center
Category:1795 births
Category:1858 deaths
Category:19th-century Dutch painters
Category:Dutch male painters
Category:19th-century French painters
Category:French male painters
Category:Artists from Dordrecht
Category:Dutch romantic painters
Category:French romantic painters
Category:Dutch portrait painters
Category:French portrait painters
Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Category:French philhellenes
Category:Academic art
Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
Category:People of Montmartre
Category:19th-century male artists
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Sétif
Sétif (, ) is an Algerian city and the capital of the Sétif Province. It is one of the most important cities of eastern Algeria and the country as a whole, since it is considered the trade capital of the country. It is an inner city, situated in the eastern side of Algeria, at 270 kilometers east of Algiers, at 131 km west of Constantine, in the Hautes Plaines region south of Kabylie. The city is at 1,100 meters of altitude.
The city was part of the ancient Berber kingdom of Numidia, the capital of Mauretania Sitifensis under the rule of the Roman Empire. Before becoming Muslim during the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.
It is considered as the starting point of the May 8th, 1945 protests, which was a crucial factor to the start of the Algerian War.
Toponomy
Sétif was numid before undergoing Roman rule. The name of Sétif is not drawn from Latin, but it is a Berber word "Zdif", which means "black lands", referring to the fertility of its lands. Occupying a strategic position (western gateway to the highlands of Constantine) and a major water point thanks to its water table, located at the foot of the mountains on the threshold of a vast plain, Sétif, with all its advantages, was a point of strategic crossing between the eastern part and the western part of Algeria. Sétif was part of the messasylian kingdom, and in the year 225 BC, it was the capital of a Berber kingdom, a title it lost when Juba preferred Cherchel. It was near Sétif that Jugurtha fought a great battle at Caius Marius.
Geography
Sétif is the capital of Sétif Province, and it has a population of 288,461 inhabitants as of the 2008 census. It is located 270 kilometers east of Algiers, 65 km from Bordj Bou Arreridj and 132 km from Constantine in the Hautes Plaines region south of Kabylia, the city is located above sea level, making it the second highest capital of a province in Algeria.
History
Numidia
The city lay in the region of the Numidian kingdom of Massaesyles. It was near Sétif that Jugurtha campaigned and lost against Marius in 105 BC. Overcome by Marius, he was taken to Rome where was executed in the prison of Tullianum. No remains of this period have been found. The city was small under the Numidian kings.
Roman Era
Setifis (or Sitifis) was founded by the Romans, during the reign of Nerva (AD 96 to 98), as a colony for veterans. Although no buildings of this period are known, a cemetery excavated in the 1960s seems to have contained tombs from the early colony.The Romans built a circus at Sitifis, which aerial photographs show survived substantially intact until the 20th century; today only a small part of the curved end continues visible; the remainder has been destroyed or built over. As the town grew, around 297AD, the province of Mauretania Sitifensis was established, with Sitifis as its capital.
When Mauretania Sitifensis was created, at the close of the 3rd century, Sitifis became its capital. In the newly prosperous town a bath building was built, decorated with fine mosaics: its restoration in the fifth century had a cold room (frigidarium) paved with a large mosaic showing the birth of Venus. On the northwest edge of the town two great Christian basilicas were built at the end of the fourth century, decorated, again, with splendid mosaics, and a Bishopric was founded at this time.
There was a Jewish community in the area. In the 5th century it suffered from a violent earthquake.
Although we do not know what happened under Vandal rule, the Byzantine conquest brought with it a major fort, of which parts are still standing.
Under the Vandals it was the chief town of a district called Zaba. It was still the capital of a province under Byzantine rule and was then a place of strategic importance. The area came under Byzantine control for a short period which saw the introduction of Orthodox doctrines to the mainly Donatist and Catholic town.
Byzantine Era
In 531, the king of the Vandals, Hilderic, was overthrown by the usurper Gelimer, giving the Roman emperor of the East Justinian, anxious to restore the Roman Empire, a pretext for intervention. After his departure from Byzantium (Constantinople / Istanbul), General Belisarius took advantage of uprisings in Tripolitania and the Moors, which enabled him to take Carthage (533) and then Gelimer himself (534). The Byzantines found in Sitifis, a small population, because of the vandal predations. In 539, Sitifis again became the capital of a Byzantine "Roman" province: Mauritania Sitifensis. At that time, Solomon built the Byzantine fortress walls, whose west and south walls are still visible.
Bishopric
The city was the base of a Bishopric. Augustine, who had frequent relations with Sitifis, tells us that in his day the Bishopric had a monastery and an episcopal school. Several Christian inscriptions have been found there, one of 452 mentioning the relics of Saint Lawrence, another naming two martyrs of Sitifis, Justus and Decurius.
Known Bishops
Servus, mentioned in a letter of St. Augustine in 409
Novatus present at the Council of Carthage (484), and exiled by Huneric
Optatus, at the Council of Carthage (525).
Alexis Lemaître, M. Afr. (24 Feb 1911 Appointed – 28 Jul 1920
Joanny Thévenoud, M. Afr. (8 Jul 1921 Appointed – 16 Sep 1949)
André-Maurice Parenty (9 Mar 1950 Appointed – 23 Nov 1983)
Armando Xavier Ochoa (23 Dec 1986 Appointed – 1 Apr 1996)
Manuel Felipe Díaz Sánchez (27 Feb 1997 Appointed – 4 Apr 2000)
John Choi Young-su (22 Dec 2000 Appointed – 3 Feb 2006)
Broderick Soncuaco Pabillo (24 May 2006 Appointed – )
Arabization
In 647 AD (the year 27 of the Hegira), the first Muslim expedition to Africa took place. By 700 AD, the area had been conquered and converted to the Islamic faith. We know little of the early Islamic town, but by the tenth century the area outside of the fortress was once more filled with houses: on the site of the Roman baths over twelve of these were excavated, with large courtyards surrounded by long, thin, rooms. After conquering Cairo, the Fatimids abandoned Tunisia and parts of eastern Algeria to the local Zirids (972–1148). The invasion of Ifriqiya by the Banu Hilal, a warlike Arab tribes encouraged by the Fatimids of Egypt to seize North Africa, sent the region's urban and economic life into further decline.
Colonization
In the mid-eleventh century this development stopped abruptly, and a defensive wall was built around the city. Nothing more is known of Sétif until the ruins of the town were used by the French army, who built their own fortress on the site in 1848, using the line of the medieval city wall and the Byzantine fortress.
On 8 May 1945, the day of the formal end of World War II in Europe, an uprising against the occupying French forces in Sétif and the nearby towns Guelma and Kherrata resulted in the deaths of 104 pieds-noirs. The uprising was suppressed through what is now known as the Sétif massacre. Estimates of Algerian casualties vary widely from 2,000 to 40,000 (see Sétif and Guelma massacre).
Economy
The local economy deals both with trade and industries. The trade is mainly in grain and livestock from the surrounding region. Locally produced wheat is processed by local factories to produce semolina, couscous and noodles. Other industries are woodworking, manufacture of carpets and metal handicrafts. Zinc is extracted from nearby deposits and there are hydroelectric development to the north. It has become the commercial center of a region where textiles are made, phosphates are mined and cereals grown. Home to the Sétif tramway, this is the first city in Algeria's Kabylia region with a light rail system.
Climate
Sétif has a dry Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Its summers are hot and dry, while its winters are cool and somewhat moist.
Due to Sétif's location on the High Plateaus at an elevation of , it is one of the coldest regions during winter in Algeria. The Wilayah frequently sees an annual snowfall of up to . Flash floods are rare but have recently occurred around the spring and fall seasons. The summer is fairly hot where extreme heat waves are common around the month of July where temperatures can sometimes even reach .
Soccer team
The ES Sétif Soccer Team is one of Algeria's most prestigious top division clubs.
Notable people
Faris Khenniche, footballer
See also
Sitifis Roman circus
Ain El Fouara Fountain
List of cities in Algeria
References
Further reading
Boucif Mekhaled, Chronique d'un massacre : 8 mai 1945, Sétif-Guelma-Kherrata, éd. Syros, Paris, 1995
Jean Louis Planche, Sétif 1945. Histoire d'un massacre annoncé, éd. Perrin, 2006
Roger Vétillard, Sétif. Mai 1945. Massacres en Algérie, éd. de Paris, 2008
Eugène Vallet, Un drame algérien. La vérité sur les émeutes de mai 1945, éd. Grandes éditions françaises, 1948
Denise Morel, Sétif de ma jeunesse, éd. Gandini, 2001
External links
Herodote
[Femme Sétifienne المرأة السطيفية Femme Sétifienne Staifia
Category:Populated places in Sétif Province
Category:Communes of Algeria
Category:Coloniae (Roman)
Category:Cities in Algeria
Category:Province seats of Algeria
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Church of Our Lady, Bruges
The Church of Our Lady () in Bruges, Belgium, dates mainly from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries. This church is essentially "...a monument to the wealth, sophistication, taste, and devotion of this most Catholic city, whose history and faith stand today celebrated in this wonderful building."
Its tower, at in height, remains the tallest structure in the city and the second tallest brickwork tower in the world (the tallest being the St. Martin's Church in Landshut, Germany).
The church demonstrates the Gothic style in the prominent Flying buttresses on the exterior which were constructed in the 1270s and 80s. The nave contains cross-vaults and black and white tiled flooring. The interior demonstrates the heavily ornamented Baroque style in the side aisles and chancel. One of the chapels in the church was created in 1482 for a wealthy man named Lodewijk van Gruuthuse, as his personal worship area.
Burials
In the choir space behind the high altar are the tombs of Charles the Bold, last Valois Duke of Burgundy, and his daughter, the duchess Mary. The gilded bronze effigies of both father and daughter repose at full length on polished slabs of black stone. Both are crowned, and Charles is represented in full armor and wearing the decoration of the Order of the Golden Fleece. The dress and ornamentation of the bronzed Mary is consistent with the Gothic style, and around the sides of the stone is a genealogy. There is glass over the tomb opening so the frescoes on the walls are visible from above, with Jan Borman being the creator of the tomb.
Madonna and Child
The altarpiece of the large chapel in the southern aisle, known as the Cappella sacra created in the 18th century in the Baroque style, enshrines the most celebrated art treasure of the church—a white marble sculpture of the Madonna and Child created by Michelangelo around 1504. There is evidence of this date based on payments being made to Michelangelo by Florentine bankers Baldassare and Giovanni Balducci between 1503-1504. The block of marble used to sculpt the Madonna weighed close to a ton so suitable locations for carving would have been limited. It is likely that Michelangelo began carving the sculpture in Carrara, as he was there for close to a year in 1505. The Madonna was completed in 1506. It was probably meant originally for Siena Cathedral; however, it was purchased in Italy by two Brugean merchants, the brothers Jan and Alexander Mouscron. This was due to a monetary disagreement that led to Michelangelo having the statue brought privately to the Mouscrons in Bruges instead and in 1514 it was donated to its present home. The sculpture was a memorial to the Mouscron parents, "...which would include a 'sumptuous tabernacle' that would hold an 'excellent' sculpture of the Virgin that is 'very precious' and 'costly'..." No alterations are allowed to be made to the Madonna without proper permission. While Michelangelo was alive, the Madonna was the only sculpture to be taken out of Italy. The sculpture was twice recovered after being looted by foreign occupiers—French revolutionaries c. 1794 and Nazi Germans in 1944. Close to the Michelangelo statue important Brugeans are buried such as Françoise de Haveskercke, buried next to her husband in the black tomb of the Haveskercke family on the right side of the statue.
Gallery
Exterior
Interior
Works of art
References
.
.
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External links
Official website of the Church of Our Lady, Bruges
Category:Roman Catholic churches in Bruges
Category:Bell towers in Belgium
Category:Brick Gothic
Category:Gothic architecture in Belgium
Category:Collegiate churches in Belgium
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Simon Gronowski
Simon Gronowski (born October 12, 1931) is a Doctor of Law, from the Université libre de Bruxelles, a jazz pianist, and the president of the Union of Jewish deportees in Belgium.
Gronowski was born in Brussels, and survived the Holocaust by escaping deportation in Convoy No. 20 train, on 19 April 1943, which would have taken him to Auschwitz. He then lived through the rest of the war in hiding, with his father Léon Gronowski.
References
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
External links
Category:1931 births
Category:Belgian people of World War II
Category:People from Brussels
Category:Holocaust survivors
Category:Living people
Category:Rescue of Jews during the Holocaust
Category:Belgian Jews
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Brose Fahrzeugteile
Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. KG is an automotive supplier. The family-owned company has its headquarters in Coburg, Germany.
In 2018, the Brose Group developed and produced mechatronic components and systems for vehicle doors, seats and body at 62 locations in 23 countries worldwide. Brose's customers include more than 80 car manufacturers and other automotive suppliers. More than 26,000 employees worldwide working for the family-owned company. The Brose Group generated sales of €6.3 billion in fiscal 2018. The company is also the primary sponsor of the Brose Bamberg Basketball.
History
1908–1955
Max Brose opened a trading company for automobile accessories in Berlin on March 4, 1908, while also working as general agent for his father's car body manufacturing company in Wuppertal.
After the First World War, Max Brose and Ernst Jühling, who grew up in Coburg, founded Metallwerk Max Brose & Co. in Coburg on June 14, 1919. Operating as a general partnership, the company manufactured and sold metal goods, tools, devices and materials especially for vehicles and airplanes. For this purpose, they took over the staff, buildings and machines from "Metallwaren Haußknecht & Co." located in the Ketschendorfer Straße.
The company initially used the trade name of "Atlas" for the accessory and supply segment, producing vehicle lights, signaling equipment, fuel and oil canisters, jacks and air pumps. In October 1926, the company patented its crank drive for lowerable windows. After buying the rights to use the patent for the wrap sling brake from the American company Ternstedt, series production of mechanical window regulators started in 1928. Commonly referred to as a window crank apparatus, this device was also manufactured for buses, trains and streetcars. Windshields and ventilation systems expanded the range of products in the years following.
Production switched to the 20-liter standard canister for the German Wehrmacht (armed forces) in 1936 and to contact fuses and impact grenades during World War II. At the time, nearly 900 employees worked for Brose and towards the end of the war some 200 Soviet prisoners of war, who lived next to the plant in a camp run by the German Wehrmacht.
In 1945, the company was placed under trusteeship for three years by the American military government and produced household devices such as ovens and irons with fewer than 100 employees. Production expanded into a new segment beyond automotive accessories with the manufacture of a portable typewriter called "Brosette" in 1953.
1956–1999
After having sold more than 40,000 devices, production was stopped and sold to India in 1958, allowing Max Brose to focus on products for the automotive industry. The window regulator became one of the company's main pillars. In 1963, the company began series production of this product fitted for the first time with an electrical drive. In 1968, Brose ventured into a new key segment – the seat systems business – with the production of seat recliners for adjusting backrests.
The mid-fifties saw numerous changes in management. In 1956, Ernst Jühling died and his heirs withdrew as shareholders. After the death of Max Brose, his eldest daughter Gisela ran the company from 1968 and changed it to a limited partnership (KG). Three years later, Michael Stoschek, grandson of company founder Max Brose, took over at the age of 23. At that time, the company had around 1000 employees and was generating a turnover of DM 55 million. The company's legal form was changed to Brose Fahrzeugteile GmbH & Co. KG in 1982.
During the 1974 recession with the first oil crisis, the company was forced to lay off one quarter of its employees and to switch production to water taps and recliners for the furniture industry. Brose Coburg started to expand again over the next few years, investing DM 35 million into its new "Plant 2" in Coburg, which went into full operation in 1983. The company employed then around 1500 people. However, the production of injection molded products for the automotive industry which started in 1981 was stopped again in 1989. In the eighties, numerous products were refined such as the power window regulator with anti-trap protection, the power seat adjuster and the electronic position memory.
In 1988, Brose purchased its first foreign production site in Coventry. In 1990, production started in Hallstadt, the first German plant outside Coburg. Another German plant opened in Gera in 1991, which was transferred to Meerane in 1997 to bring it closer to Volkswagen's plant in Mosel for the just-in-sequence production of door systems. In line with this procurement logistics concept, many other national and international production sites have since been either built or purchased. International expansion has focused mainly on North America and Asia.
2000–2015
In the 21st century, the family-owned company primarily expanded by means of several takeovers. Through the acquisition of closure systems business from Robert Bosch GmbH in 2002, it was possible to venture into a new business segment. 2004 saw the takeover of the window regulator business of Maxion Sistemas in Brazil, followed by the acquisition of a 40 percent stake in the Turkish window regulator manufacturer Pressan A.S. one year later. When Michael Stoschek ceded his CEO position to Jürgen Otto after 34 years in the last months of 2004, this signaled the so far most successful business year in the history of the company: The organization achieved an annual turnover of 2.2 billion Euro and employed about 9,000 members of staff at 37 locations in 19 countries. In 2006, Brose left the Employers’ Associations for the Bavarian Metalworking and Electrical Industries and has since not been bound by a collective bargaining agreement.
In April 2008, Brose added electric drives for window regulators, sunroofs and seat belt retractors to its portfolio by purchasing the electric motor business of Continental AG. In setting up the drives business division, the number of employees increased from nearly 10,000 to more than 14,000. Since then, the company has been divided into three business divisions: Seat, Door and Drives.
The joint venture SEW Eurodrive is established in early 2011 with the aim to develop drives for e-mobility. In 2011 Brose is the world’s fifth-largest family-owned automotive supplier based on turnover. 10% of the total annually business volume is invested in the development of new products and processes with a special focus on the development of products that contribute to fuel efficiency. The company also localizes its R&D activities in China the same year. In Chongqing, the foundation stone is laid for another plant; Brose is now present in five locations in China. Brose opens a plant for window regulators and seat height adjusters in Pune/India. Brose plans to strengthen its global activities in Asia in the future.
In May 2012, Brose wins the innovation prize in the “Erfolgsfaktor Familie” competition supported by the German government for the “Brose Kids Club” and receives special recognition for the company’s family-friendly philosophy. In fall 2012, another production site is opened in Beijing – the second just-in-sequence plant for door systems in China. The whole process, from the arrival of an order to delivery of the ready-to-fit product at the Beijing Benz Automotive plant eight kilometers away, takes only 300 minutes.
In April 2013, Brose receives its first Pace Award for the sensor for hands-free opening of liftgates; it is the most highly sought-after and prestigious award in the US automotive supplier industry. The company supports the introduction of the dual-track training system in the US state of Michigan, thereby securing future skilled employees for its four locations in the United States.
New production facilities in South Africa (seat systems) and Bremen (door systems) expand Brose’s production capacity in 2014. Berlin-based Brose Antriebstechnik GmbH & Co begins series production of the first pedelec electric motor in fall as part of a joint project with bicycle manufacturer Rotwild. Due to the increasing electrification and digitization of vehicles, Brose invests in a test center in Würzburg to measure electromagnetic compatibility.
In 2015, a plant to produce door systems for Fiat opens in Goiana/Brazil. In fall, the foundation stone is laid for a new plant in Prievidza in Central Slovakia. The logistics center at the location in Ostrava/Czech Republic commissions an automatic high-bay and small parts warehouse in which transport takes place without forklifts. Brose presents numerous innovations at trade shows such as the International Motor Show in Frankfurt am Main and Auto Shanghai in China. The company receives two prestigious quality awards – the Procurement Leaders Award and the Volkswagen Group Award. The city of Coburg pays tribute to the life’s work of Max Brose by naming a street after the company founder.
In 2016 Brose prepares the way for respective expansion of central technical and commercial functions in Bamberg. In this modern office building, about 600 employees control global purchasing, design, electronics and information technology for the group. Brose also opened a new administration building for 600 employees in Shanghai in April 2017. The aim is to strengthen and expand Brose's market position in China.
Shareholders
The Brose Group's shareholders include Michael Stoschek, his daughter Julia Stoschek and his son Maximilian Stoschek, his elder sister Christine Volkmann and her daughter. Michael Stoschek is Chairman of the Brose Group.
Products
Door systems and window regulators
Systems for liftgates
Closure systems
Drives and electronic systems
Market position
One in two new vehicles worldwide are currently fitted with at least one Brose product.
Global market leader for window regulators, door systems, latch modules, motors for electronic braking systems (EBS), drive train actuators, HVAC blowers and cooling fan modules.
The automotive supplier is the number one for power seat adjusters in Europe.
Global presence
Brose operates the following production sites:
Europe
Headquarters Coburg, Bamberg, Berlin, Bremen, Hallstadt, Ingolstadt, Meerane, München, Oldenburg, Rastatt, Sindelfingen and Weil im Schönbuch, Wolfsburg, Wuppertal, Würzburg (all Germany), Ghent (Belgium), Paris(France), Coventry (Great Britain), Melfi, Turin (both Italy), Tondela (Portugal), Tolyatti (Russia), Gothenburg (Sweden), Bratislava, Prievidza (both Slovakia), Sta. Margarida de Montbui (Spain), Kopřivnice, Rožnov pod Radhoštěm (both Czech Republic), Kecskemét (Hungary), Istanbul (Turkey)
North America
Headquarters Detroit, Auburn Hills (MI), New Boston (MI), Spartanburg (SC), Warren (MI), Silicon Valley, Tuscaloosa, Belvidere (IL) (all USA), London, Ontario (Canada), Querétaro, Puebla City (all Mexico)
South America
Curitiba, Goiana and São Paulo (all Brazil)
Asia
Headquarters Shanghai, Beijing, Changchun, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Taicang, Shenyang, Wuhan (all China), Pune (India), Suwon, Incheon (South Korea), Rayong (Thailand), Nagoya (Japan)
Africa
Brits, East London (South Africa)
Awards
2013
Automotive Innovations Award, Category "Car Body and Exterior"
Pace Award for the touch-free liftgate drive
2012
BBAC Excellent Supplier Award, Daimler Supplier Award
2011
BMW "Supplier Innovation Award" for the touch-free liftgate drive
2009
Best Factory Award, Category "Supply Chain"
2008
Bavarian Quality Prize
2007
Automotive Lean Production Award
Awards for Human Resources Activities
2014
Focus national survey: Brose is one of Germany´s top employers
Top Employers Automotive 2014: Brose achieved third place in the overall standings
2013
Career's Best Recruiters Study 2012/2013: Brose second in the industry ranking
Universum Student Survey 2013, Brose is "Top climber of the year"
2012
Top Employer Automotive 2012/13: Brose among the top 10
Innovation Prize of the "Success Factor Family" company competition
2008
Top Employer Automotive: First place in the category "Innovation Management",
third place in the field of work-life balance and fifth place in the overall ranking
2007
Top Employer, German Trendence Graduate Barometer
2006
Coburg: Family-friendly company
2005
Top Employer, German Trendence Graduate Barometer
Access survey "Most popular employer"
Further reading
Gregor Schöllgen: Brose: a German family company 1908-2008. ECON, Berlin 2008. , 9783430200578
References
Category:Auto parts suppliers of Germany
Category:German brands
Category:Companies based in Bavaria
Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1908
Category:1908 establishments in Germany
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Vladimír Oppl
Vladimír Oppl (born January 19, 1953 in Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic) is a Czech academic sculptor and medalist. His best-known designs include the Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Order, the Czech circulating fifty-heller and the Czech circulating twenty-crown. He is also the author of the commemorative coin Nové Město Pražské (Prague's New Town) from the set of Charles IV, which was awarded the Most Beautiful Gold Coin of the World (2001) at the turn of the millennium.
Biography
Vladimír Oppl was born on 19 January 1953 in Ústí nad Labem. After finishing the Ceramics High School in Bechyně, he studied at the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague under professors Jan Kavan and Josef Malejovský. During that time he began to be interested in the medal design, namely after he won his first competition - he designed a commemorative medal for the Julius Fučík's 75th birth anniversary. After finishing his studies he worked for ten years as a lecturer at the Academy and as a sculptor. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989 he started working independently. At present he lives and works in Prague.
Works
Vladimír Oppl regularly participates in contests for coin and medal design announced by the Czech National Bank, prepares proposals for the Czech Mint, the Prague Mint, the National Treasury and foreign clients. He seeks his motives almost exclusively in the Czech history.
His best-known designs include the Czech circulation coin with a nominal value of 20 crowns (1993 model), a Czech 50-heller coin (1993 model), a platinum medal Church of Sts. Vitus weighing half a kilogram or a set of gold and silver medals Codex Gigas and gold coins Czech Crown with a nominal value of 1000, 2500 and 5000 CZK (1994).
Among his most successful coin designs is the commemorative coin for the 650th anniversary of the founding of Prague's New Town by Charles IV. It was named the most beautiful gold coin for 1999 in the traditional competition organized by the US magazine for numismatics, "World Coin News" and the publisher "Krause Publications".
In 1996 Oppl, the sculptor, re-recreated, together with Martin Ceplecha, the original Otakar Španiel's lion emblem from 1962. In August 1997 the granite copy was fitted under the statue of Jan Žižka at Vítkov National Monument.
Vladimír Oppl is also the author of the prestigious Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Order in all classes.
Since 2014, he has been working closely with the National Treasury, a distributor of commemorative coins and medals. Every year the Treasury publishes several of its own issues, the back and face of which are decorated with designs embossed according to Vladimír Oppl. His designs are characterized by a unique, easily recognizable handwriting. What is typical for author's work are the fine elaborate details and an often complicated but easy to read composition. The medalist seeks inspiration for his filigree work in unusual areas, for example in embroidery on medieval fabrics of royal robes.
In 2014 and 2015 the National Treasury issued two medals, designed by Vladimír Oppl, stamped from 1 kg of pure silver. The first one was issued to commemorate the 670th anniversary of the founding of St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. The second one paid tribute to the Father of the country - Charles IV, from whose imperial coronation 660 years have passed. Vladimír Oppl's motifs also decorate many National Treasury collections. Among the most popular are, for example, the collection of the Greatest Personalities of the Czech Nation, Life of Charles IV. or the golden collection Magic Prague, which commemorates the well-known Prague myths and legends.
In August 2017, the medalist work with the Czech National Bank (ČNB) to honor the upcoming centennial anniversary of the birth of the Czechoslovak republic. For the edition "Important personalities of the Czechoslovak state" ("Významné osobnosti československého státu") he designed three different reverse sides for the jubilee circulating twenty crowns. They featured portraits of the three Czech and Slovak founders: Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Edvard Beneš and Milan Rastislav Štefánik. (Vladimír Oppl also designed the twenty-crown coin, which has been in circulation since 1993.). The ČNB had 3 x 200,000 coins minted and started their circulation on 24 October 2018.
In September 2017, the ČNB asked Vladimír Oppl to design the reverse sides of a new 3-piece set of jubilee circulation twenty crowns for the 2019 model. The edition entitled “Important personalities of the Czechoslovak currency” ("Významné osobnosti československé měny") portraits the three most important Czech financiers from the period between WVI and WVII: Alois Rašín, Vilém Pospíšil and Karel Engliš. The ČNB had 3 x 200,000 coins minted and started their circulation on 30 January 2019.
On 31 January 2019 the ČNB introduced the second largest gold coin in the world (the largest gold coin in Europe) as part of the 100th anniversary of the Czechoslovak crown inception celebrations. The coin was made from the bank's gold reserves and was designed by Vladimír Oppl . The nominal value of the gold coin is CZK 100 million.
References
Category:Czech sculptors
Category:1953 births
Category:Czech medallists
Category:20th-century Czech sculptors
Category:People from Ústí nad Labem
Category:Living people
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Forward anonymity
Forward anonymity, analogous to forward secrecy, in computer security and cryptography is the property which prevents an attacker who has recorded past communications from discovering the identities of the participants, even after the fact.
When speaking of forward secrecy, system designers attempt to prevent an attacker who has recorded past communications from discovering the contents of said communications later on. One example of a system which satisfies the perfect forward secrecy property is one in which a compromise of one key by an attacker (and consequent decryption of messages encrypted with that key) does not undermine the security of previously used keys. Forward secrecy does not refer to protecting the content of the message, but rather to the protection of keys used to decrypt messages.
One example of a system which uses forward anonymity is a public key cryptography system, where the public key is well-known and used to encrypt a message, and an unknown private key is used to decrypt it. In this system, one of the keys is always said to be compromised, but messages and their participants are still unknown by anyone without the corresponding private key.
History
Originally introduced by Whitfield Diffie, Paul van Oorschot, and Michael James Wiener to describe a property of STS (station-to-station protocol) involving a long term secret, either a private key or a shared password.
Public Key Cryptography
Public Key Cryptography is a common form of a forward anonymous system. It is used to pass encrypted messages, preventing any information about the message from being discovered if the message is intercepted by an attacker. It uses two keys, a public key and a private key. The public key is published, and is used by anyone to encrypt a plaintext message. The Private key is not well known, and is used to decrypt cyphertext. Public key cryptography is known as an asymmetric decryption algorithm because of different keys being used to perform opposing functions. Public key cryptography is popular because, while it is computationally easy to create a pair of keys, it is extremely difficult to determine the private key knowing only the public key. Therefore, the public key being well known does not allow messages which are intercepted to be decrypted. This is a forward anonymous system because one compromised key (the public key) does not compromise the anonymity of the system.
Web of Trust
A variation of the public key cryptography system is a Web of trust, where each user has both a public and private key. Messages sent are encrypted using the intended recipient's public key, and only this recipient's private key will decrypt the message. They are also signed with the senders private key. This creates added security where it becomes more difficult for an attacker to pretend to be a user, as the lack of a private key signature indicates a non-trusted user.
Limitations
A forward anonymous system does not necessarily mean a wholly secure system. A successful cryptanalysis of a message or sequence of messages can still decode the information without the use of a private key or long term secret.
News
Forward anonymity, along with other cryptography related properties, received a burst of media attention after the leak of classified information by Edward Snowden, beginning in June, 2013, which indicated that the NSA and FBI had practices of asking companies to leave in back doors for them, allowing the companies and agencies to decrypt information stored on phones and other devices more easily, with the intention of allowing them to more easily find and arrest various criminals, while occasionally mistakenly targeting innocent civilians. They especially publicized the aid this practice provided in catching predatory pedophiles. Opponents to this practice argue that leaving in a back door to law enforcement increases the risk of attackers being able to decrypt information, as well as questioning its legality under the US Constitution, specifically being a form of illegal Search and Seizure.
References
Category:Cryptography
Category:Computer security
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Letourneur et Marchand
Letourneur & Marchand, located in the prosperous Paris suburb Neuilly-sur-Seine, was a car body manufacturing business which became one of the last French coachbuilders.
Origins and growth 1905 - 1939
The company was founded by Jean-Marie Letourneur and Jean-Arthur Marchand in 1905, and by the 1930s was specialising in coachbuilt car bodies for fitting on chassis from luxury automakers such as Duesenberg, Hispano-Suiza, Rolls-Royce and Minerva.
In 1924 the company created a subsidiary called Autobineau to specialise in sedan and limousine car bodies produced in marginally greater volumes and in a slightly more standardised format than was associated with the upmarket coach builders. During the 1920s Letourneur et Marchand became the main supplier of car bodies for Delage. The business also built bodies for manufacturers such as Unic. In 1936, Delage introduced their D8-120 chassis, which formed the basis for the Aérosport, manufactured between 1936 and 1939.
Decline and demise 1945 - 1960
After the war, Letourneur et Marchand found themselves one of numerous auto-businesses far too small to feature significantly in the government's vision for an export led French auto-industry dominated by a handful of large manufacturers. Between 1947 and 1952 the company produced only 67 car bodies, equivalent to about one car per month. Immediate financial collapse was averted in 1953 thanks to a contract signed with Renault for the production of a cabriolet version of the Renault Frégate which had been homologated with the authorities and could be sold and serviced through one of France's largest dealership networks. Unfortunately the Frégate itself had got off to a slow start in the market place, being beset by teething problems and reliability issues, and although sources indicate that during the second half of the decade it became a much more dependable vehicle, in terms of sales volumes it was hopelessly out competed by the Simca Vedette and the Citroën DS. The Frégate struggled on till 1960 when it was withdrawn without direct replacement, and during this time 70 Letourneur et Marchand cabriolet variants were produced. The final batch of Frégate cabriolets featured an eye catching two tone paint scheme, coloured either "black and ivory" or "black and turquoise".
Letourneur & Marchand collapsed in 1960 following the discontinuation of their cabriolet version of the Renault Frégate.
External links
www.coachbuild.com, Letourneur et Marchand.
www.ultimatecarpage.com, om Letourneur et Marchand.
References and sources
La carrosserie française, du style au design, par Serge Bellu, éditions E.T.A.I., 2007.
Category:Coachbuilders of France
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Franz Weihmayr
Franz Weihmayr (30 December 1903 – 26 May 1969) was a German cinematographer who worked on over eighty films between 1924 and 1964. He was one of the leading German cinematographers of the Nazi era, working on a number of Zarah Leander films and the 1935 propaganda documentary Triumph of the Will. After the Second World War Weihmayr worked in West German cinema including rubble films such as Love '47.
Selected filmography
They May Not Marry (1929)
Do You Know That Little House on Lake Michigan? (1929)
On the Reeperbahn at Half Past Midnight (1929)
The Blue Angel (1930)
Mädchen in Uniform (1931)
Anna and Elizabeth (1933)
Hans Westmar (1933)
William Tell (1934)
Wolga-Wolga (1936)
Calling the Tune (1936)
The House of the Spaniard (1936)
The Court Concert (1936)
Moscow-Shanghai (1936)
To New Shores (1937)
Daphne and the Diplomat (1937)
La Habanera (1937)
The Blue Fox (1938)
By a Silken Thread (1938)
Heimat (1938)
My Aunt, Your Aunt (1939)
The Life and Loves of Tschaikovsky (1939)
Das Herz der Königin (1940)
Wunschkonzert (1940)
Beloved World (1942)
The Great Love (1942)
Back Then (1943)
Nora (1944)
Paths in Twilight (1948)
Love '47 (1949)
Amico (1949)
Two Times Lotte (1950)
Who Is This That I Love? (1950)
My Niece Susanne (1950)
Melody of Fate (1950)
Dr. Holl (1951)
The Great Temptation (1952)
Two People (1952)
I and You (1953)
Anna Louise and Anton (1953)
Don't Forget Love (1953)
Conchita and the Engineer (1954)
Canaris Master Spy (1954)
Men at a Dangerous Age (1954)
Devil in Silk (1956)
Marriages Forbidden (1957)
And Lead Us Not Into Temptation (1957)
A Summer You Will Never Forget (1959)
Bibliography
Knopp, Guido. Hitler's Women. Routledge, 2003.
Rother, Rainer. Leni Riefenstahl: The Seduction of Genius. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003.
External links
Category:1903 births
Category:1969 deaths
Category:German cinematographers
Category:People from Munich
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Jesper Bech
Jesper Bech (born 25 May 1982) is a retired Danish professional football player, who last played for FC Roskilde in the Danish 1st Division. He is 1.78 m tall and plays in the striker position. He has played two matches for the Danish national team.
Biography
Bech played his youth years for Ålholm IF, Skjold Birkerød, B 1903, Lyngby BK and KB. He got his national breakthrough with F.C. Copenhagen in the Danish Superliga championship, where he debuted in April 2004. He scored seven goals in nine games during his first season, and helped the club win the 2003–04 Danish Superliga title as well as the 2004 Danish Cup trophy. In the following season, sharp competition from strikers Alvaro Santos and Sibusiso Zuma kept Bech out of his preferred striker role. He was either used as a substitute, or in the role of winger. Bech transferred to Swedish club Malmö FF in the summer 2005.
At Malmö, he looked to replace Swedish international striker Markus Rosenberg before the UEFA Champions League qualification, but Bech never got a breakthrough at the club. Following one year at Malmö, he moved back to Denmark to play for Esbjerg fB in the summer 2006. In the first half of the 2006–07 Superliga season, Bech rediscovered his goal scoring form, and was at a time the joint top goalscorer of the league. On 15 November 2006 he got his Danish national team debut in a friendly match against the Czech Republic, when he came on the pitch in the second half, as a substitute for Peter Løvenkrands.
Honours
Danish Superliga: 2004
Danish Cup: 2004
External links
Career stats at Danmarks Radio
Danish national team profile
Jesper Bech on FC Roskilde
Category:1982 births
Category:Living people
Category:Danish footballers
Category:Denmark international footballers
Category:Denmark under-21 international footballers
Category:Denmark youth international footballers
Category:F.C. Copenhagen players
Category:Malmö FF players
Category:Esbjerg fB players
Category:Silkeborg IF players
Category:Danish Superliga players
Category:Allsvenskan players
Category:Danish expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Category:Association football forwards
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Aiguilles d'Entrèves
The Aiguilles d'Entrèves () is a mountain peak in the Mont Blanc massif of the Alps. It is situated at the head of the Glacier du Géant, and its rocky summit ridge forms part of the frontier between France and Italy. It lies east of the Tour Ronde, between the Col d'Entrèves and the Col Occidental de Toule. It has a steep, sound face of red granite and can be readily accessed from the Torino Hut/Pointe Helbronner.
Climbing
The Aiguilles d'Entrèves was first climbed on 31 August 1897, by Adolfo Hess, Flavio Santi and Julien Proment.
The easiest means of ascent is via the mountain's NE ridge from Col du Toule.
An ascent via the SW ridge from the Col d'Entreves, followed by a traverse of its rocky, pinnacled crest and a descent via the easy NE ridge is a popular outing for many climbers. Grade: AD- (IV 4c)
Other routes: W face Grade IV/V 4hr from Torino hut.
References
External links
Aiguilles d'Entrèves on French IGN mapping portal
Traverse of Aiguilles (video, in French)
Category:Mountains of the Alps
Category:Mont Blanc massif
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Rav Shmuel bar Yehudah
Rav Shmuel bar Yehudah (Hebrew: רב שמואל בר יהודה) was a Babylonian amora of the third generation.
Biography
He was born to a family of converts, and studied under Rabbi Judah bar Ezekiel in Babylonia. Judah respected him greatly, giving him the nickname Shinena ("sharp one"), and said that he relied on Shmuel for all matters.
He eventually traveled to the land of Israel to study under Rabbi Yochanan and Rabbi Eleazar in Tiberias, after which he returned to Babylonia, bringing many teachings of the Amoraim of Israel to Babylonia, particularly those of Rabbi Yochanan. It is mentioned that he also learnt from Rabbi Zeira and Samuel bar Isaac, and in the name of Abba. The Amora Abaye also learned matters of Halachah with him.
His daughter died in his lifetime, and the sages, including Ulla came to console him.
References
Category:Talmud rabbis
Category:Year of death unknown
Category:Year of birth unknown
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Lepyrodia scariosa
Lepyrodia scariosa is a common species of grass-like plant of the family Restionaceae. It is found mainly in New South Wales in moist sand or peaty soil, growing up to 90 cm tall in heath and woodland and near the edges of swamps. The specific epithet scariosa is derived from Latin, meaning membranous or scar-like, referring to the floral bracts. This is one of the many plants first published by Robert Brown with the type known as "(J.) v.v." It appears in his Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen in 1810.
References
Category:Restionaceae
Category:Flora of Queensland
Category:Flora of New South Wales
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1425
Year 1425 (MCDXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
November 9 – Kale Kye-Taung Nyo becomes King of Ava by having his lover, Queen Shin Bo-Me, assassinate his 8-year-old nephew, King Min Hla.
December 9 – The Old University of Leuven, Belgium is founded.
Date unknown
The Maltese people rise up against Don Gonsalvo Monroy, count of Malta. The insurgents repel an attempt by the Viceroy of Sicily to bring the island to order. The Maltese do not submit to Catalan-Aragonese rule, until the Magna Charta Libertatis, granting them their new rights, is delivered to them.
Beijing, capital of China, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Nanjing (estimated date).
By this year, paper currency in China is worth only 0.025% to 0.014% of its original value in the 14th century; this, and the counterfeiting of copper coin currency, will lead to a dramatic shift to using silver as the common medium of exchange in China.
Sharafuddin Ali Yazdi's critical history of Persia, Zafar Nama, is completed under the auspices of Mirza Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of Timur.
Births
January 5 – Henry IV of Castile (d. 1474)
March 21 – Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, English nobleman (d. 1446)
March 31 – Bianca Maria Visconti, Duchess of Milan (d. 1468)
April 30 – William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (1445–1482) and Duke of Luxembourg (1457–1482) (d. 1482)
October 14 – Alesso Baldovinetti, Italian painter (d. 1499)
November 18 – Kunigunde of Sternberg, first spouse of King George of Podebrady (d. 1449)
date unknown
Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (d. 1483)
Krokodeilos Kladas, Greek military leader (d. 1490)
Xicotencatl I, ruler of Tizatlan (in modern-day Mexico) (d. 1522)
Deaths
January 18 – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (b. 1391)
February 27 – Prince Vasily I of Moscow (b. 1371)
March 17 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1407)
May 24 – Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, Scottish politician (b. 1362)
May 29 – Hongxi Emperor of China (b. 1378)
July 8 – Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan, English noble (b. 1366)
July 21 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1350)
August 22 – Eleanor, Princess of Asturias (b. 1423)
September 8 – King Charles III of Navarre (b. 1361)
date unknown
Madhava of Sangamagrama, Indian mathematician (b. 1350)
Margareta, Swedish Sami missionary (b. 1369)
Yi Jong Mu, Korean general (b. 1360)
Parameshvara, Indian mathematician (b. 1360)
References
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David Peter Lafayette Hunter
David Peter Lafayette Hunter MC (24 November 1919 – 5 September 2001) was a Royal Marines officer who was prisoner of war captive in Colditz Castle during the Second World War. He later served as the commanding officer of 40 Commando, and was a recipient of the Military Cross.
Early life
David Peter Lafayette Hunter was born at Minnis Hall, Stelling Minnis, Kent on 24 November 1919.
He was the third son of Major Edgar Lafayette Hunter MC and Dorothy Thompson.
He was educated at Shrewsbury.
Military career
Hunter joined the Royal Marines in 1937 and passed out at Deal, Kent, just before the outbreak of World War II. On 2 Feb 1940 he was made probationary Lieutenant.
He was posted to the heavy cruiser patrolling waters around Iceland. The Norfolk was bombed whilst at Scapa Flow on 16 March 1940 and sent to the Clyde for repair. Hunter was redeployed to Chatham, where he was selected for the Calais force as part of the BEF.
Calais
Hunter was part of Captain Darby Courtice's company of 85 Royal Marines which landed at Calais shortly after midnight on 25 May 1940. With one other officer, Lt Hugh Bruce, they were charged with helping French marines to defend the ancient citadel at the centre of the town.
There they were attacked by the full might of XIX Panzer Corps and, by early evening, were surrounded and out of ammunition.
Hunter was later mentioned in dispatches for his "courage and devotion to duty" in racing up and down the beach to keep his unit's machinegun supplied with ammunition.
They had fought with such vigour that the official German record read, "The enemy gives the impression of being fresh, and seems to have received reinforcements after two days of heavy fighting."
Despite their efforts, within two days Calais had been surrendered to the Germans, and the British troops, including Hunter, taken prisoner.
Prisoner of war
The captured troops were marched through northern France, the Ardennes and Trier to Mainz. From there, they were moved on to Laufen camp in Bavaria, then transferred to Tittmoning. The Royal Marines officers were moved to Marlag und Milag Nord part of Stalag X-B at Sandbostel, where they soon started planning their escape.
Bruce, Hunter's fellow Marine officer, was imprisoned with him and, over the winter of 1941–42, the two men became firm friends.
With a number of colleagues they conceived, designed and built by hand a masterpiece of British engineering – a 251-yard-long tunnel, complete with rest bay, electric lighting and air flow system, as well as a signalling
device to warn of the approach of sentries. Over 100 tons of soil was excavated and concealed under a hut. On 7 April 1942 Hunter, Bruce and 10 other officers made their escape.
After 12 days on the run, Bruce and Hunter were captured near Flensburg, within a few hundred yards of the Danish border. After a brief spell back at Sandbostel, the pair escaped, this time by jumping aboard a prison lorry, but were recaptured at Hamburg railway station by the German police.
They were transferred to Stalag VIII-B in Lamsdorf, Silesia, a prison camp for "other ranks".
Their stay lasted only a few months. Hunter was found dangling from a window within inches of a snarling guard dog, and two of Hunter's colleagues were also caught escaping. The miscreants were summarily banished to Colditz Castle.
Colditz
In early August 1942 Bruce and Hunter arrived at Colditz Castle (then prisoner of war camp Oflag IV-C), where fellow persistent escapees were highly engaged in planning more escapes, and Hunter was soon involved in the various projects.
The three Royal Marine officers (Capt Courtice, their company commander at Calais, was also at Colditz) had a reputation for bravery and good humour, and Hunter was noted as being particularly outspoken, a persistent nuisance to his captors and equally amusing to his colleagues.
He once stole the cap of the German officer who was expounding on the merits of Wagner during a musical evening. Another incident even made the Germans laugh when, late for a roll-call, he called languidly from a castle window to the parade below "I'll come down and join you all in a minute".
In October 1943 Mike Sinclair was caught during the daring Franz Josef escape. Although Sinclair had surrendered, he was shot at close range by a German officer. Hunter, along with many other witnesses, believed his friend to be dead and shouted "German murderers!". He was subsequently sentenced at a court martial to two months in Graudenz military prison.
Forty years later, some 30 officers and their wives made a return visit to Colditz, and Hunter was seen by millions of television viewers standing in the courtyard and taking off the Commandant's "Call to Appell" at the top of his voice.
Despite the many notable escape attempts from Colditz, Hunter remained in Colditz until release on 16 April 1945.
Post war
Following release he underwent a brief re-training period. He was appointed temporary captain 25 February 1946.
Hunter was appointed officer commanding Royal Marines in Berlin. This was not a sensitive posting, and Hunter was soon returned to Britain.
He was next posted to the aircraft carrier, . Detecting a poor level of morale aboard, he and Donald Douglas, a former prisoner of the Japanese, determined to confront the ship's captain and insist on reasonable treatment. On entering the captain's cabin, Hunter declared "Look, Sir, we're here to tell you that we've both been b******d about as PoWs and we're not having any of it in peacetime!". Douglas was aghast, but to his surprise the captain replied, "All right, I hear you. Dismiss!". The ship's captain later confided to them "Lucky for you on the first day we met that I was reading a book on how to deal with ex-PoWs, or your fate might have been different."
Subsequent postings took him to Egypt, Aqaba, Hong Kong and, in 1950, Malaya. He was made Officer in Charge Cameron Highlands Jungle Operation, protecting planters from Communist guerillas during the Malayan Emergency.
Not long after arriving, he was asked to take a Mr Justice Brown on a jungle patrol with 45 Commando. Whilst advancing up a hill at Ringlet they encountered six bandits, one of whom threw a grenade at the soldiers whilst they made their escape. In an act he later described as a "mental aberration", Hunter calmly covered the grenade with his hat and held it while his comrades ran to safety. Fortunately the grenade failed to detonate.
Later, to Hunter's astonishment, he was awarded the Military Cross for his "vigour, determination and outstanding skill" in conducting operations against the bandits.
He was promoted to major on 14 January 1955. In 1956 he became Amphibious Staff officer, 3 Commando Brigade at Suez.
There followed postings to the RN Staff College, Greenwich, and at Amphibious Warfare HQ, London, followed by a six-month Joint Training Course with the US Marines in San Diego.
In 1961 his promotion to lieutenant colonel was confirmed. and he took command of 40 Commando until 1963. Based in Singapore, he was frequently employed in Borneo during the confrontation with the Indonesians following the Brunei Revolt of 1962.
After a series of staff appointments, Hunter retired from the Royal Marines 3 March 1967.
Civilian Life
Hunter married WAAF officer, Barbara Lewis, in Brentford late in 1945.
They had two sons.
Following his retirement from the Marines, Hunter and his family emigrated to Freeport, Bahamas. In 1967 Hunter joined the real estate company of McPherson & Brown.
Barbara died in 1971 and, in 1974 Hunter subsequently remarried to Suzanne Twiston-Davies, a journalist with the BBC.
In 1981, he and colleague, Hilary Jones, bought McPherson & Brown, changing its name to Churchill & Jones. In 1997 Hunter led Churchill & Jones into obtaining the franchise for the Northern Bahamas of RE/MAX, the international real estate conglomerate.
David Peter Lafayette Hunter died on 5 September 2001.
Notes
Sources
Extracted from the obituary of Lt-Col David Hunter, The Daily Telegraph, 7 September 2001
Category:1919 births
Category:People educated at Shrewsbury School
Category:Royal Marines officers
Category:Royal Marines personnel of World War II
Category:World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Category:Prisoners of war held at Colditz Castle
Category:Recipients of the Military Cross
Category:2001 deaths
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New Winchester, Ohio
New Winchester is an unincorporated community in Whetstone Township, Crawford County, Ohio, United States.
History
New Winchester was laid out in 1835.
References
Category:Populated places in Crawford County, Ohio
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L. bidentata
L. bidentata may refer to:
Leucophytia bidentata, a land snail
Libnotes bidentata, a crane fly
Lophocolea bidentata, a liverwort found in the Antipodes Islands
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Henry Cook
Henry or Harry Cook may refer to:
Harry Cook (martial artist) (Henry Wilson Cook, born 1949), British martial artist, teacher, and author
Harry Cook (actor) (born 1991), Australian actor, writer and LGBTQ activist
Harry Cook (footballer) (born 1914), Scottish footballer
Harry Cook (fighter pilot), World War II
Henry Cook (aviator), early British aviator and Royal Artillery officer
Henry Cook (footballer) (1893–1917), English footballer
Henry Caldwell Cook (1886–1939), British educator
Henry Lucas Cook (died 1928), Archdeacon of Craven, 1913–1928
Henry Francis Cook (1855–?), American manufacturer and financier
See also
Harold Cook (disambiguation)
Henry Cooke (disambiguation)
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Amrit Abhijat
Amrit Abhijat (born 21 June 1968) is an Indian bureaucrat, civil servant and officer in the Uttar Pradesh cadre of the Indian Administrative Service. He is posted as Join Secretary in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in New Delhi.
Career
Amrit began in the Uttar Pradesh cadre of the IAS. He joined the Jt. Magistrate, Land Revenue Management & District Administration at Mathura in August 1997, and served there for nineteen months. In May 2002, he was appointed as the District Magistrate (DM) of Mirzapur. Later on he served as the District Magistrate of Deoria, Hamirpur, Allahabad, Jhansi, Mujaffarnagar, Kanpur and Agra too. He has gained a lot of admiration because of his working style. As a civil servant he is known for implementation of various innovative ideas such as "hello vikas" at Mujaffarnagar, "zilaprashaasan agra" Facebook id at agra to create a common platform for public convenience. In his capacity as District Magistrate (2010-2011), and subsequently Commissioner Agra Division (2011-2012), Amrit oversaw the land acquisition, project modalities and execution of the Yamuna expressway from Agra till the end of the division. Later as Tourism Secretary 2014-2015, with an eye to promoting longer stays and greater interest in Uttar Pradesh, he conceptualized and promoted the Heritage Arc - the signature tourism product of Uttar Pradesh linking together Agra-Lucknow-Varanasi. The Tourism Policy and Heritage Tourism policy written by him during his tenure helped revitalize the tourism sector in Uttar Pradesh. Amrit Abhijat is a voracious reader and a bibliophile. He is also a capable writer and his articles have been published time to time in various newspapers and magazines like Times of India, kurukshetra, yojna etc.
In the year 2012 he also acquired a master's degree in Governance and Development from IDS SUSSEX.
Since December 2015, Mr. Abhijat is serving as Joint Secretary and Mission Director in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in the Government of India.
As Joint Secretary and Mission Director the Ministry has assigned him to implement the Pradhan MantriAwasYojana–(Urban). The PMAY-(U) emanates from the vision of the Hon. Prime minister of India, Sh. Narendra Modi to provide “Housing For All” by the year 2022.. He has been assigned this massive responsibility to help the states aggregate and formulate the demand of housing shortage and make them into projects as per the guidelines of PMAY. This is put before the Central committee headed by the Secretary of Housing at the Government of India level. As Mission Director the critical examination of conditionalities compliances of legal nature and the implementation plan of the project prior to approval is done at this level.
The Pradhan MantriAwasYojana -Urban is one of the largest housing programmes in the world. The mission presently has a validated demand of 10 million housing units by 2022.The Government of India has already sanctioned 8 million dwelling units, of which 4.5 million are in different stages of progress while close to 2.5 million has been completed and delivered. The amount of funding required for this kind of quantum leap led the Government to create for a provision to fund it from both the Budgetary as well as Extra budgetary resources based on Governments decisions.
The success of the PMAY mission can be gauged from the pace delivery of houses and the joy it has brought to millions on getting a house of their own across the country .
The Global Housing Technology challenge -India
As Joint Secretary and Mission Director of PMAY he was instrumental in fulfilling the Vision of The Prime Minister of holding a technology challenge on Construction in Delhi on March,2-3 2019.”The Global Housing Technology Challenge “-India provides for an expo and conference where all the stakeholders and exhibits in new Technology get to meet and work .This was inaugurated by the Prime Minister .Many leading countries in housing technology countries, exhibitors and delegates participated..
The challenge also will go on to support the ‘Light House Projects’ in 6 states after the recommends of evaluation committee Technologies which have participated. In addition, the Ministry will support the accelerator and Incubation support through Knowledge partners, the World Resource Institute (WRI) and the IITs. It will bring about a paradigm shift in the manner construction is perceived, and implemented in India.
Interview
Housing for All aims to complete construction of houses under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) by 2022
A city cannot be treated as smart, unless its citizens are provided with decent pucca housing at affordable cost. Presence of slums in a city is another area of concern to provide the city a clean image. PMAY (U) is dealing with such issues by providing pucca houses equipped with basic services to every eligible city dweller in both slum and non-slum areas, says Amrit Abhijat, Joint Secretary and Mission Director, Housing for All, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), Government of India, in this interview with Elets News Network (ENN).
What is the role of Housing for All or Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY U) in order to have a comprehensive development of Cities?
“By the time the Nation completes 75 years of its independence in 2022, there should not be any family without owning a house for his living” is the vision of Hon’ble Prime Minister Sh. Narendra Modi. A city, free from kutcha, semi pucca and temporary dwelling units with provision of adequate housing, is integral part of holistic development of city, as it depicts the façade of the city. A city cannot be treated as smart, unless its citizens are provided with decent pucca housing at affordable cost. Presence of slums in a city is another area of concern to provide the city a clean image. PMAY(U) is dealing with such issues by providing pucca houses equipped with basic services to every eligible city dweller in both slum and non-slum areas. Sh. Hardeep S Puri, Hon’ble Minister of State (I/C), Housing and Urban Affairs, has been guiding and supporting us in our pursuit of integrated Urban Transformation. Comprehensive development of cities requires multifocal approach consisting of housing as well as basic infrastructures. A number of flagship schemes have been launched by Government of India such as Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, SBM, HRIDAY for integrated development of cities, recognising the contribution of cities in the GDP of the country. These schemes are mandated to provide basic infrastructures such as water supply, drainage, SWM, roads, public transport, electricity and application of technology in management of these infrastructures smartly. Under the leadership of Sh. Durga Shanker Mishra, Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, PMAY (U), while contributing towards betterment of the cities, is marching towards achieving the goal of “Housing for All” by 2022.
Give us an overview of the present status of the scheme, especially with respect to Haryana in general and Gurugram in specific.
PMAY (U) has witnessed remarkable achievement over last four years since its launch on June 25, 2015. A total of 85.17 lakh houses have been sanctioned by Government of India till now under all 4 verticals of the scheme, where 51 lakh have been grounded and 26.5 lakh houses are completed. As far as Haryana is concerned, a total of 2.64 lakh houses has been approved where share of AHP projects is highest with 1.8 lakh houses. A total of 38,346 houses are grounded and about 16,000 houses are already completed. A total of 23,715 houses have been approved for Gurugram and approximately 3,700 are completed.
What is the role of Public-Private Partnership in the scheme?
Availability of land is essential for the success of affordable housing sector in the country. In order to promote the affordable housing and unleash the potential of land available with the private sector, MoHUA has circulated eight PPP models. Under which, the private developer is allowed to construct houses on his own land and seek benefit of PMAY (U) under the banner of affordable housing and avail various exemptions and concessions. Presently, a total of 257 projects have been approved under PPP model with 4.39 lakh houses in various States.
What are the latest technology deployments in your department? How are these contributing towards the execution of the project?
A technology Sub-Mission under PMAY (U) has been set up to facilitate adoption of modern, innovative and green technologies and building materials for faster and quality construction of houses. Building Material and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), an autonomous body under MoHUA is responsible for certifying and promotion of new construction technologies in the country. As of now, 16 new construction technologies have been certified by the agency and SoR has been released by CPWD.
A Global Housing Technology Challenge- India (GHTC-India) was launched to identify and mainstream the best alternate construction technologies PMAY(U) House in Odisha from across the globe for a paradigm shift and an enabling eco-system in the construction sector. The year 2019-20 was declared as “Construction Technology Year” by the Hon’ble Prime Minister. Subsequently, six Light House Projects at six locations in the country will be executed for demonstrating and delivering ready to live houses in a shorter time, with lower cost and with better quality in a sustainable manner. These projects will act as a live laboratory for learning and replicating the best construction technology. These disruptive technologies will transform the housing construction practices by impacting the speed, scale and quality of houses. The Potential Future Technologies will be provided with Incubation and Acceleration support through Product Development, Networking Opportunities and Marketing Support following the principle of ‘Lab to Land’.
What are the challenges of the scheme?
1. Land: Availability of encumbrance free land for affordable housing projects in the cities is one of the major challenges under the scheme. There is scarcity of Government land within the city limits. MoHUA has developed eight PPP models to unleash the potential of land available with private sector. Further, coverage of the scheme has also been extended to include planning/ Development areas to make more land available for affordable housing.
2. Slum Redevelopment: In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) component of the Mission envisages redevelopment of slums using land as a resource. Such strategy could not get momentum due to issues regarding land. A multi-layered strategy is being developed by the Ministry to deal with slum redevelopment issue as per the size of the town.
3. Unforeseen Challenges: Natural calamities such as earthquakes, floods and cyclones have devastating impact not only on communities by destruction of infrastructure, displacements and homelessness, but also affects the pace of the implementation of the mission.
As Ministry is committed to construct more than 1 crore houses under the Mission, what is the financing arrangement?
The current validated demand is 1.12 crore as per the demand assessment carried out by the States/UTs. Apart from the budgetary allocations, a National Urban Housing Fund (NUHF) has been created to mobilise Rs 60,000 crore as Extra-Budgetary Resources (EBR) to ensure smooth flow of resources to the projects where Rs 28,000 crore has already been drawn.
Is there any provision for recognising best performance of the State/UT in the Mission?
The role of States/UTs and other stakeholders needs appreciation and it's all happening with their support and coordinated effort. The Mission has instituted PMAY (U) awards to recognise the best performance of the State/UTs and cities in implementation of the scheme in addition to the CLSS Award for recognising the contribution and performance of Banks/ PLIs. Six categories of award will be given which includes State, Municipal Corporation, Municipal Council, Nagar Panchayat, special awards and beneficiaries level awards. A separate mobile app has been developed where beneficiary can upload selfie and testimonial from his/her smart phone. The best houses constructed by the beneficiaries in each State will be awarded.
What is the way forward with respect to the HFA mission in the coming years?
The focus of HFA mission in coming years is to ensure completion and delivery of all the houses as per the validated demand in States/UTs by the year 2022. Any additional demand based on eligibility in forthcoming years will also be considered in the scheme. Secondly, there will be focused intervention in slums towards deslumming India. A detailed strategy is being worked out by the Mission to redevelop the slums in partnership with State governments, community and private developers.
With respect to promotion of construction technology, the Light House Projects will be executed and upscaling will be done. In order to mainstream these technologies, few courses on new technology are being launched in association of School of Planning and Architecture (SPA). The potential technologies will be given incubation and accelerator support through IITs to further develop these technologies and make them market ready.
References
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Indian civil servants
Category:People from Bihar
Category:Indian Administrative Service officers
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Myriocephalus
Myriocephalus is a genus of Australian flowering plants in the daisy family.
Species
References
Category:Gnaphalieae
Category:Asteraceae genera
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Meetinghouse Common District
The Meetinghouse Common District is a historic district on Summer, South Common, and Main Streets in Lynnfield, Massachusetts surrounding the town common.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
History
The Old Meeting House, which is at the heart of the Meetinghouse Common District, is the second oldest Puritan Congregationalist meeting house still standing in Massachusetts, after the Old Ship Meeting House in Hingham built in 1681. At the time the idea of building the Meeting House was conceived, the tract of land that is now Lynnfield was a part of Lynn, and it was referred to as Lynn Farms. On January 16, 1711/12 the inhabitants of Lynn Farms petitioned to become the second precinct of Lynn because it was too far of a distance to travel to the first Church that had been built on Lynn Common. In 1714 the residents of the second precinct agreed upon purchasing the parcel of land that is now Lynnfield's Town Common and erecting the Meeting House.
Out of a desire to perpetually honor and maintain the Old Meeting House and to preserve the colonial character of the community the Town of Lynnfield established the Lynnfield Historical Commission in 1967. At that time the prime objective of the commission was to officially register the Lynnfield, Massachusetts, Meeting House Common District in the National Register of Historic Places, and on November 21, 1976 it was finally granted. In addition to the Meeting House, fifteen nearby religious, civic, commercial and residential buildings and sites are included in the historic district.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Massachusetts
References
Category:Historic districts in Essex County, Massachusetts
Category:Lynnfield, Massachusetts
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Massachusetts
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
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Descent of Mary
The Descent of Mary (Γεννα Μαριας or "Genna Marias") is a minor work of the New Testament apocrypha which is only known through mention in the Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, who gives a short passage. Epiphanius attributes the tale to the Gnostics.
The excerpt purports to be the story about the death of Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, who is supposed to have seen a vision of a man "in the form of an ass" while burning incense in the temple. When he emerges, he is unable to speak at first, but when he is able to relate the vision, those about him kill him. The story is consonant with other Gnostic writings and depiction of Gnostic thought in the writings of Origen, as well as with the Gospel of James; but there is no other testimony to this particular tale.
Scholars have suggested a 2nd-century date to the text.
References
Category:New Testament apocrypha
Category:Gnostic apocrypha
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Hera
Hera (; , Hērā; , Hērē in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth in ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians and the sister-wife of Zeus. She is the daughter of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Hera rules over Mount Olympus as queen of the gods. A matronly figure, Hera served as both the patroness and protectress of married women, presiding over weddings and blessing marital unions. One of Hera's defining characteristics is her jealous and vengeful nature against Zeus' numerous lovers and illegitimate offspring, as well as the mortals who cross her.
Hera is commonly seen with the animals she considers sacred including the cow, lion and the peacock. Portrayed as majestic and solemn, often enthroned, and crowned with the polos (a high cylindrical crown worn by several of the Great Goddesses), Hera may hold a pomegranate in her hand, emblem of fertile blood and death and a substitute for the narcotic capsule of the opium poppy. Scholar of Greek mythology Walter Burkert writes in Greek Religion, "Nevertheless, there are memories of an earlier aniconic representation, as a pillar in Argos and as a plank in Samos."
Her Roman counterpart is Juno.
Etymology
The name of Hera has several possible and mutually exclusive etymologies; one possibility is to connect it with Greek ὥρα hōra, season, and to interpret it as ripe for marriage and according to Plato ἐρατή eratē, "beloved" as Zeus is said to have married her for love. According to Plutarch, Hera was an allegorical name and an anagram of aēr (ἀήρ, "air"). So begins the section on Hera in Walter Burkert's Greek Religion. In a note, he records other scholars' arguments "for the meaning Mistress as a feminine to Heros, Master." John Chadwick, a decipherer of Linear B, remarks "her name may be connected with hērōs, ἥρως, 'hero', but that is no help since it too is etymologically obscure." A. J. van Windekens, offers "young cow, heifer", which is consonant with Hera's common epithet βοῶπις (boōpis, "cow-eyed"). R. S. P. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin. Her name is attested in Mycenaean Greek written in the Linear B syllabic script as e-ra, appearing on tablets found in Pylos and Thebes.
Cult
Hera may have been the first deity to whom the Greeks dedicated an enclosed roofed temple sanctuary, at Samos about 800 BCE. It was replaced later by the Heraion of Samos, one of the largest of all Greek temples (altars were in front of the temples under the open sky). There were many temples built on this site so evidence is somewhat confusing and archaeological dates are uncertain.
The temple created by the Rhoecus sculptors and architects was destroyed between 570–560 BCE. This was replaced by the Polycratean temple of 540–530 BCE. In one of these temples we see a forest of 155 columns. There is also no evidence of tiles on this temple suggesting either the temple was never finished or that the temple was open to the sky.
Earlier sanctuaries, whose dedication to Hera is less certain, were of the Mycenaean type called "house sanctuaries". Samos excavations have revealed votive offerings, many of them late 8th and 7th centuries BCE, which show that Hera at Samos was not merely a local Greek goddess of the Aegean: the museum there contains figures of gods and suppliants and other votive offerings from Armenia, Babylon, Iran, Assyria, Egypt, testimony to the reputation which this sanctuary of Hera enjoyed and to the large influx of pilgrims. Compared to this mighty goddess, who also possessed the earliest temple at Olympia and two of the great fifth and sixth century temples of Paestum, the termagant of Homer and the myths is an "almost... comic figure", according to Burkert.
Though greatest and earliest free-standing temple to Hera was the Heraion of Samos, in the Greek mainland Hera was especially worshipped as "Argive Hera" (Hera Argeia) at her sanctuary that stood between the former Mycenaean city-states of Argos and Mycenae, where the festivals in her honor called Heraia were celebrated. "The three cities I love best," the ox-eyed Queen of Heaven declares in the Iliad, book iv, "are Argos, Sparta and Mycenae of the broad streets." There were also temples to Hera in Olympia, Corinth, Tiryns, Perachora and the sacred island of Delos. In Magna Graecia, two Doric temples to Hera were constructed at Paestum, about 550 BCE and about 450 BCE. One of them, long called the Temple of Poseidon was identified in the 1950s as a second temple there of Hera.
In Euboea, the festival of the Great Daedala, sacred to Hera, was celebrated on a sixty-year cycle.
Hera's importance in the early archaic period is attested by the large building projects undertaken in her honor. The temples of Hera in the two main centers of her cult, the Heraion of Samos and the Heraion of Argos in the Argolis, were the very earliest monumental Greek temples constructed, in the 8th century BCE.
Importance
According to Walter Burkert, both Hera and Demeter have many characteristic attributes of Pre-Greek Great Goddesses.
According to Homeric Hymn III to Delian Apollo, Hera detained Eileithyia to prevent Leto from going into labor with Artemis and Apollo, since the father was Zeus. The other goddesses present at the birthing on Delos sent Iris to bring her. As she stepped upon the island, the divine birth began. In the myth of the birth of Heracles, it is Hera herself who sits at the door, delaying the birth of Heracles until her protégé, Eurystheus, had been born first.
The Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo makes the monster Typhaon the offspring of archaic Hera in her Minoan form, produced out of herself, like a monstrous version of Hephaestus, and whelped in a cave in Cilicia. She gave the creature to Python to raise.
In the Temple of Hera, Olympia, Hera's seated cult figure was older than the warrior figure of Zeus that accompanied it. Homer expressed her relationship with Zeus delicately in the Iliad, in which she declares to Zeus, "I am Cronus' eldest daughter, and am honourable not on this ground only, but also because I am your wife, and you are king of the gods."
Matriarchy
There has been considerable scholarship, reaching back to Johann Jakob Bachofen in the mid-nineteenth century, about the possibility that Hera, whose early importance in Greek religion is firmly established, was originally the goddess of a matriarchal people, presumably inhabiting Greece before the Hellenes. In this view, her activity as goddess of marriage established the patriarchal bond of her own subordination: her resistance to the conquests of Zeus is rendered as Hera's "jealousy", the main theme of literary anecdotes that undercut her ancient cult.
However, it remains a controversial claim that primitive matriarchy existed in Greece or elsewhere.
Origin and birth
Hera is the daughter of the youngest Titan Cronus and his wife, and sister, Rhea. Cronus was fated to be overthrown by one of his children; to prevent this, he swallowed all of his newborn children whole until Rhea tricked him into swallowing a stone instead of her youngest child, Zeus. Zeus grew up in secret and when he grew up he tricked his father into regurgitating his siblings, including Hera. Zeus then led the revolt against the Titans, banished them, and divided the dominion over the world with his brothers Poseidon and Hades.
Youth
Hera was most known as the matron goddess, Hera Teleia; but she presided over weddings as well. In myth and cult, fragmentary references and archaic practices remain of the sacred marriage of Hera and Zeus. At Plataea, there was a sculpture of Hera seated as a bride by Callimachus, as well as the matronly standing Hera.
Hera was also worshipped as a virgin: there was a tradition in Stymphalia in Arcadia that there had been a triple shrine to Hera the Girl (Παις [Pais]), the Adult Woman (Τελεια [Teleia]), and the Separated (Χήρη [Chḗrē] 'Widowed' or 'Divorced'). In the region around Argos, the temple of Hera in Hermione near Argos was to Hera the Virgin. At the spring of Kanathos, close to Nauplia, Hera renewed her virginity annually, in rites that were not to be spoken of (arrheton). The Female figure, showing her "Moon" over the lake is also appropriate, as Hebe, Hera, and Hecate; new moon, full moon, and old moon in that order and otherwise personified as the Virgin of Spring, The Mother of Summer, and the destroying Crone of Autumn.
Emblems
In Hellenistic imagery, Hera's chariot was pulled by peacocks, birds not known to Greeks before the conquests of Alexander. Alexander's tutor, Aristotle, refers to it as "the Persian bird." The peacock motif was revived in the Renaissance iconography that unified Hera and Juno, and which European painters focused on. A bird that had been associated with Hera on an archaic level, where most of the Aegean goddesses were associated with "their" bird, was the cuckoo, which appears in mythic fragments concerning the first wooing of a virginal Hera by Zeus.
Her archaic association was primarily with cattle, as a Cow Goddess, who was especially venerated in "cattle-rich" Euboea. On Cyprus, very early archaeological sites contain bull skulls that have been adapted for use as masks (see Bull (mythology)). Her familiar Homeric epithet Boôpis, is always translated "cow-eyed". In this respect, Hera bears some resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian deity Hathor, a maternal goddess associated with cattle.
Epithets
Hera bore several epithets in the mythological tradition, including:
Ἀλέξανδρος (Alexandros) 'Protector of Men' (Alexandros) (among the Sicyonians)
Αἰγοφάγος (Aigophágos) 'Goat-Eater' (among the Lacedaemonians)
Ἀκραῖα (Akráia) '(She) of the Heights'
(Ammonia)
Ἀργεία (Argéia) '(She) of Argos'
Βασίλεια (Basíleia) 'Queen'
Βουναία (Bounáia) '(She) of the Mound' (in Corinth)
Βοῶπις (Boṓpis) 'Cow-Eyed' or 'Cow-Faced'
Λευκώλενος (Leukṓlenos) 'White-Armed'
Παῖς (Pais) 'Child' (in her role as virgin)
Παρθένος (Parthénos) 'Virgin'
Τελεία (Teléia) (as goddess of marriage)
Χήρη (Chḗrē) 'Widowed'
Marriage to Zeus
Hera is known for her jealousy; even Zeus, commonly portrayed as fearless, feared her rages. Zeus fell in love with Hera, but she refused his first marriage proposal. Zeus then preyed on her empathy for animals and other beings, created a thunderstorm and transformed himself into a little cuckoo. As a cuckoo, Zeus pretended to be in distress outside her window. Hera, feeling pity towards the bird brought it inside and held it to her breast to warm it. Zeus then transformed back into himself and raped her. Hera, ashamed of being exploited, agreed to marriage with Zeus. All of nature burst into bloom for their wedding and many gifts were exchanged.
Zeus loved Hera, but he also loved Greece and often sneaked down to Earth in disguise to bear children with the mortals. He wanted many children to inherit his greatness and become great heroes and rulers of Greece. Hera's jealousy towards all of Zeus' lovers and children caused her to continuously torment them and Zeus was powerless to stop his wife. Hera was always aware of Zeus' trickery and kept very close watch over him and his excursions to Earth.
Hera "presided over the right arrangements of the marriage and is the archetype of the union in the marriage bed."
Children
Stories involving Hera
Heracles
Hera is the stepmother and enemy of Heracles. The name Heracles means "Glory of Hera". There are three alternative stories about the birth of Heracles and Hera's role in preventing it. In Homer's Iliad, when Alcmene was about to give birth to Heracles, Zeus announced to all the gods that on that day a child by Zeus himself, would be born and rule all those around him. Hera, after requesting Zeus to swear an oath to that effect, descended from Olympus to Argos and made the wife of Sthenelus (son of Perseus) give birth to Eurystheus after only seven months, while at the same time preventing Alcmene from delivering Heracles. This resulted in the fulfilment of Zeus's oath in that it was Eurystheus rather than Heracles. In an alternative version mentioned in Ovid's Metamorphoses, when Alcmene was pregnant with Zeus' child, Hera tried to prevent the birth from occurring by having Eileithyia (the Greek equivalent of Lucina) tie Alcmene's legs in knots. Her attempt was foiled when Galanthis frightened Eileithyia while she was tying Alcmene's legs and Heracles was born. Hera thus punishes Galanthis by turning her into a weasel. In Pausanias' recounting, Hera sent witches (as they were called by the Thebans) to hinder Alcmene's delivery of Heracles. The witches were successful in preventing the birth until Historis, daughter of Tiresias, thought of a trick to deceive the witches. Like Galanthis, Historis announced that Alcmene had delivered her child; having been deceived, the witches went away, allowing Alcmene to give birth.
Hera's wrath against Zeus' son continues and while Heracles is still an infant, Hera sends two serpents to kill him as he lay in his cot. Heracles throttles the snakes with his bare hands and was found by his nurse playing with their limp bodies as if they were a child's toy.
One account of the origin of the Milky Way is that Zeus had tricked Hera into nursing the infant Heracles: discovering who he was, she pulled him from her breast, and a spurt of her milk formed the smear across the sky that can be seen to this day. Unlike any Greeks, the Etruscans instead pictured a full-grown bearded Heracles at Hera's breast: this may refer to his adoption by her when he became an Immortal. He had previously wounded her severely in the breast.
When Heracles reached adulthood, Hera drove him mad, which led him to murder his family and this later led to him undertaking his famous labours. Hera assigned Heracles to labour for King Eurystheus at Mycenae. She attempted to make almost each of Heracles' twelve labours more difficult. When he fought the Lernaean Hydra, she sent a crab to bite at his feet in the hopes of distracting him. Later Hera stirred up the Amazons against him when he was on one of his quests. When Heracles took the cattle of Geryon, he shot Hera in the right breast with a triple-barbed arrow: the wound was incurable and left her in constant pain, as Dione tells Aphrodite in the Iliad, Book V. Afterwards, Hera sent a gadfly to bite the cattle, irritate them and scatter them. Hera then sent a flood which raised the water level of a river so much that Heracles could not ford the river with the cattle. He piled stones into the river to make the water shallower. When he finally reached the court of Eurystheus, the cattle were sacrificed to Hera.
Eurystheus also wanted to sacrifice the Cretan Bull to Hera. She refused the sacrifice because it reflected glory on Heracles. The bull was released and wandered to Marathon, becoming known as the Marathonian Bull.
Some myths state that in the end, Heracles befriended Hera by saving her from Porphyrion, a giant who tried to rape her during the Gigantomachy, and that she even gave her daughter Hebe as his bride. Whatever myth-making served to account for an archaic representation of Heracles as "Hera's man" it was thought suitable for the builders of the Heraion at Paestum to depict the exploits of Heracles in bas-reliefs.
Leto and the Twins: Apollo and Artemis
When Hera discovered that Leto was pregnant and that Zeus was the father, she convinced the nature spirits to prevent Leto from giving birth on terra-firma, the mainland, any island at sea, or any place under the sun. Poseidon gave pity to Leto and guided her to the floating island of Delos, which was neither mainland nor a real island where Leto was able to give birth to her children. Afterwards, Zeus secured Delos to the bottom of the ocean. The island later became sacred to Apollo. Alternatively, Hera kidnapped Eileithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. The other gods bribed Hera with a beautiful necklace nobody could resist and she finally gave in.
Either way, Artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of Apollo. Some versions say Artemis helped her mother give birth to Apollo for nine days. Another variation states that Artemis was born one day before Apollo, on the island of Ortygia and that she helped Leto cross the sea to Delos the next day to give birth to Apollo.
Later, Tityos attempted to rape Leto at the behest of Hera. He was slain by Artemis and Apollo.
This account of the birth of Apollo and Artemis is contradicted by Hesiod in Theogony, as the twins are born prior to Zeus’ marriage to Hera.
Io and Argus
Hera saw a lone thundercloud and raced down in an attempt to catch Zeus with a mistress. Zeus saw her coming and transformed his new bride Io into a little snow-white cow. However, Hera was not fooled and demanded that Zeus give her the heifer as a present. Zeus could not refuse his queen without drawing suspicion so he had to give her the beautiful heifer.
Once Io was given to Hera, she tied her to a tree and sent her servant Argus to keep Io separated from Zeus. Argus was a loyal servant to Hera and he has immense strength and one hundred eyes all over his body. It was not possible to go past Argus since he never closed more than half his eyes at any time. Zeus was afraid of Hera's wrath could not personally intervene, so to save Io, he commanded Hermes to kill Argus, which he does by lulling all one hundred eyes into eternal sleep. In Ovid's interpolation, when Hera learned of Argus' death, she took his eyes and placed them in the plumage of the peacock, her favorite animal, accounting for the eye pattern in its tail and making it the vainest of all animals. Hera, furious about Io being free and the death of Argus, sent a gadfly (Greek oistros, compare oestrus) to sting Io as she wandered the earth. Eventually Io made it to Egypt, the Egyptians worshiped the snow-white heifer and named her the Egyptian goddess Isis. Hera permitted Zeus to change Io back into her human form, under the condition that he never look at her again. Io, the goddess-queen of Egypt, then bore Zeus' son as the next king.
Judgment of Paris
A prophecy stated that a son of the sea-nymph Thetis, with whom Zeus fell in love after gazing upon her in the oceans off the Greek coast, would become greater than his father. Possibly for this reasons, Thetis was betrothed to an elderly human king, Peleus son of Aeacus, either upon Zeus' orders, or because she wished to please Hera, who had raised her. All the gods and goddesses as well as various mortals were invited to the marriage of Peleus and Thetis (the eventual parents of Achilles) and brought many gifts. Only Eris, goddess of discord, was not invited and was stopped at the door by Hermes, on Zeus' order. She was annoyed at this, so she threw from the door a gift of her own: a golden apple inscribed with the word καλλίστῃ (kallistēi, "To the fairest"). Aphrodite, Hera, and Athena all claimed to be the fairest, and thus the rightful owner of the apple.
The goddesses quarreled bitterly over it, and none of the other gods would venture an opinion favoring one, for fear of earning the enmity of the other two. They chose to place the matter before Zeus, who, not wanting to favor one of the goddesses, put the choice into the hands of Paris, a Trojan prince. After bathing in the spring of Mount Ida where Troy was situated, they appeared before Paris to have him choose. The goddesses undressed before him, either at his request or for the sake of winning. Still, Paris could not decide, as all three were ideally beautiful, so they resorted to bribes. Hera offered Paris political power and control of all of Asia, while Athena offered wisdom, fame, and glory in battle, and Aphrodite offered the most beautiful mortal woman in the world as a wife, and he accordingly chose her. This woman was Helen, who was, unfortunately for Paris, already married to King Menelaus of Sparta. The other two goddesses were enraged by this and through Helen's abduction by Paris, they brought about the Trojan War.
The Iliad
Hera plays a substantial role in The Iliad, appearing in a number of books throughout the epic poem. In accordance with ancient Greek mythology, Hera's hatred towards the Trojans, which was started by Paris' decision that Aphrodite was the most beautiful goddess, is seen as through her support of the Greeks during the war. Throughout the epic Hera makes many attempts to thwart the Trojan army. In books 1 and 2, Hera declares that the Trojans must be destroyed. Hera persuades Athena to aid the Achaeans in battle and she agrees to assist with interfering on their behalf.
In book 5, Hera and Athena plot to harm Ares, who had been seen by Diomedes in assisting the Trojans. Diomedes called for his soldiers to fall back slowly. Hera, Ares' mother, saw Ares' interference and asked Zeus, Ares' father, for permission to drive Ares away from the battlefield. Hera encouraged Diomedes to attack Ares and he threw his spear at the god. Athena drove the spear into Ares' body, and he bellowed in pain and fled to Mt. Olympus, forcing the Trojans to fall back.
In book 8, Hera tries to persuade Poseidon to disobey Zeus and help the Achaean army. He refuses, saying he doesn't want to go against Zeus. Determined to intervene in the war, Hera and Athena head to the battlefield. However, seeing the two flee, Zeus sent Iris to intercept them and make them return to Mt. Olympus or face grave consequences. After prolonged fighting, Hera sees Poseidon aiding the Greeks and giving them motivation to keep fighting.
In book 14 Hera devises a plan to deceive Zeus. Zeus set a decree that the gods were not allowed to interfere in the mortal war. Hera is on the side of the Achaeans, so she plans a Deception of Zeus where she seduces him, with help from Aphrodite, and tricks him into a deep sleep, with the help of Hypnos, so that the Gods could interfere without the fear of Zeus.
In book 21, Hera continues her interference with the battle as she tells Hephaestus to prevent the river from harming Achilles. Hephaestus sets the battlefield ablaze, causing the river to plead with Hera, promising her he will not help the Trojans if Hephaestus stops his attack. Hephaestus stops his assault and Hera returns to the battlefield where the gods begin to fight amongst themselves.
Minor stories
Echo
According to the urbane retelling of myth in Ovid's Metamorphoses, for a long time, a nymph named Echo had the job of distracting Hera from Zeus' affairs by leading her away and flattering her. When Hera discovered the deception, she cursed Echo to only repeat the words of others (hence our modern word "echo").
Semele and Dionysus
When Hera learned that Semele, daughter of Cadmus King of Thebes, was pregnant by Zeus, she disguised herself as Semele's nurse and persuaded the princess to insist that Zeus show himself to her in his true form. When he was compelled to do so, having sworn by Styx, his thunder and lightning destroyed Semele. Zeus took Semele's unborn child, Dionysus and completed its gestation sewn into his own thigh.
In another version, Dionysus was originally the son of Zeus by either Demeter or Persephone. Hera sent her Titans to rip the baby apart, from which he was called Zagreus ("Torn in Pieces"). Zeus rescued the heart; or, the heart was saved, variously, by Athena, Rhea, or Demeter. Zeus used the heart to recreate Dionysus and implant him in the womb of Semele—hence Dionysus became known as "the twice-born". Certain versions imply that Zeus gave Semele the heart to eat to impregnate her. Hera tricked Semele into asking Zeus to reveal his true form, which killed her. Dionysus later managed to rescue his mother from the underworld and have her live on Mount Olympus.
Lamia
Lamia was a queen of Libya, whom Zeus loved. Hera turned her into a monster and murdered their children. Or, alternatively, she killed Lamia's children and Lamia's grief and rage turned her into a monster. Lamia was cursed with the inability to close her eyes so that she would always obsess over the image of her dead children. Zeus gave her the gift to be able to take her eyes out to rest, and then put them back in. Lamia was envious of other mothers and ate their children.
Gerana
Gerana was a queen of the Pygmies who boasted she was more beautiful than Hera. The wrathful goddess turned her into a crane and proclaimed that her bird descendants should wage eternal war on the Pygmy folk.
Cydippe
Cydippe, a priestess of Hera, was on her way to a festival in the goddess' honor. The oxen which were to pull her cart were overdue and her sons, Biton and Cleobis, pulled the cart the entire way (45 stadia, 8 kilometers). Cydippe was impressed with their devotion to her and Hera so asked Hera to give her children the best gift a god could give a person. Hera ordained that the brothers would die in their sleep.
This honor bestowed upon the children was later used by Solon, as a proof while trying to convince Croesus that it is impossible to judge a person's happiness until they have died a fruitful death after a joyous life.
Tiresias
Tiresias was a priest of Zeus, and as a young man he encountered two snakes mating and hit them with a stick. He was then transformed into a woman. As a woman, Tiresias became a priestess of Hera, married and had children, including Manto. After seven years as a woman, Tiresias again found mating snakes; depending on the myth, either she made sure to leave the snakes alone this time, or, according to Hyginus, trampled on them and became a man once more.
As a result of his experiences, Zeus and Hera asked him to settle the question of which sex, male or female, experienced more pleasure during intercourse. Zeus claimed it was women; Hera claimed it was men. When Tiresias sided with Zeus, Hera struck him blind. Since Zeus could not undo what she had done, he gave him the gift of prophecy.
An alternative and less commonly told story has it that Tiresias was blinded by Athena after he stumbled onto her bathing naked. His mother, Chariclo, begged her to undo her curse, but Athena could not; she gave him prophecy instead.
Chelone
At the marriage of Zeus and Hera, a nymph named Chelone was disrespectful or refused to attend. Zeus thus, turned her into a tortoise.
The Golden Fleece
Hera hated Pelias because he had killed Sidero, his step-grandmother, in one of the goddess's temples. She later convinced Jason and Medea to kill Pelias. The Golden Fleece was the item that Jason needed to get his mother freed.
The Metamorphoses
In Thrace, Hera and Zeus turned King Haemus and Queen Rhodope into mountains, the Balkan (Haemus Mons) and Rhodope Mountains respectively, for their hubris in comparing themselves to the gods.
Ixion
When Zeus had pity on Ixion and brought him to Olympus and introduced him to the gods, instead of being grateful, Ixion grew lustful for Hera. Zeus found out about his intentions and made a cloud in the shape of Hera, who was later named Nephele, and tricked Ixion into coupling with it and from their union came Centaurus. So Ixion was expelled from Olympus and Zeus ordered Hermes to bind Ixion to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning. Therefore, Ixion was bound to a burning solar wheel for all eternity, at first spinning across the heavens, but in later myth transferred to Tartarus.
Genealogy
Art and events
Barberini Hera - a Roman sculpture of Hera/Juno
Hera Borghese - sculpture related to Hera
Hera Farnese - sculpture of Hera's head
Heraea Games - games dedicated to Hera—the first sanctioned (and recorded) women's athletic competition to be held in the stadium at Olympia.
See also
Auðumbla, a primeval cow in Norse mythology
Notes
References
Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion 1985.
Burkert, Walter, The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age, 1998
Farnell, Lewis Richard, The cults of the Greek states I: Zeus, Hera Athena Oxford, 1896.
Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: (Vol. 1), (Vol. 2).
Graves, Robert, The Greek Myths 1955. Use with caution.
Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Kerenyi, Carl, The Gods of the Greeks 1951 (paperback 1980)
Kerenyi, Karl, 1959. The Heroes of the Greeks Especially Heracles.
Kirk, G. S., J. E. Raven, M. Schofield, The Presocratic Philosophers: A Critical History with a Selection of Texts, Cambridge University Press, Dec 29, 1983. .
Ogden, Daniel (2013a), Drakon: Dragon Myth and Serpent Cult in the Greek and Roman Worlds, Oxford University Press, 2013. .
Ogden, Daniel (2013b), Dragons, Serpents, and Slayers in the Classical and early Christian Worlds: A sourcebook, Oxford University Press. .
Ruck, Carl A.P., and Danny Staples, The World of Classical Myth 1994
Seyffert, Oskar. Dictionary of Classical Antiquities 1894. (On-line text)
Seznec, Jean, The Survival of the Pagan Gods : Mythological Tradition in Renaissance Humanism and Art, 1953
Slater, Philip E. The Glory of Hera : Greek Mythology and the Greek Family (Boston: Beacon Press) 1968 (Princeton University 1992 ) Concentrating on family structure in 5th-century Athens; some of the crude usage of myth and drama for psychological interpreting of "neuroses" is dated.
Smith, William; Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London (1873). "Gali'nthias"
External links
Theoi Project, Hera Hera in classical literature and Greek art
The Heraion at Samos
Category:Deities in the Iliad
Category:Queens in Greek mythology
Category:Greek goddesses
Category:Characters in Greek mythology
Category:Mythology of Heracles
Category:Marriage deities
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Anna Bamford
Anna Bamford (born 19 September 1989) is an Australian television and theatre actress. She won the role of Miranda Beaumont in Wonderland shortly after graduating from the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts in 2012. For her performance, Bamford earned a nomination for the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Newcomer. After Wonderland was cancelled in 2015, Bamford made her major theatre debut in a production of Freak Winds. Later that year, she began appearing in Andrew Upton's production of The Present, which later transferred to Broadway. In 2016, Bamford joined the cast of Home and Away in the recurring role of Jeannie Woods.
Early life
Bamford was born in Sydney. She grew up in Killara and attended Barker College. After taking a year off to travel, Bamford studied nursing for six months, before deciding that she wanted to be an actress. She moved to Perth to study at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA), graduating in 2012. Bamford appeared in various theatre productions while at WAAPA, including The Crucible and A Midsummer Night's Dream.
Career
Shortly after graduating from WAAPA, Bamford secured the leading role of Miranda Beaumont in the Network Ten drama Wonderland. Miranda is a photographer, who moves in with fellow lead character Tom Wilcox (played by Michael Dorman) and becomes his love interest. For her portrayal of Miranda, Bamford was nominated for Most Outstanding Newcomer at the 2014 Logie Awards. Wonderland was cancelled after three seasons in 2015. Bamford also made a guest appearance in Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries in 2013.
Bamford made her theatre debut in a production of Freak Winds at the Old Fitz Theatre in Woolloomooloo. She also became the Australian ambassador for beauty brand ModelCo. In August 2015, Bamford began appearing in Andrew Upton's production of The Present, alongside Cate Blanchett, Richard Roxburgh, Jacqueline McKenzie and Marshall Napier at the Sydney Theatre Company. She was also named as an ambassador for the Sydney Spring Carnival at the Randwick Racecourse, and a judge for Myer Fashions on the Field at the Spring Champion Stakes.
Bamford joined the cast of soap opera Home and Away as Jeannie Woods in 2016. She told Tiffany Dunk of the Herald Sun that she auditioned on a Friday and was on set filming her first scenes the following week. She was contracted for six weeks. Her character was introduced as love interest for Brody Morgan (Jackson Heywood). Bamford described their romance as being "sort of doomed from the start" as Jeannie comes from an unusual background.
The actress was named as the new ambassador for Australian skincare brand Dr LeWinn's in September 2016. Bamford made her Broadway debut in January 2017 when The Present transferred to the Ethel Barrymore Theatre in New York City with the entire original cast. She has also made guest appearances in the second season of comedy series Here Come the Habibs, and miniseries Underbelly Files: Chopper.
Filmography
Television
Stage
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:1989 births
Category:21st-century Australian actresses
Category:Australian soap opera actresses
Category:People educated at Barker College
Category:Actresses from Sydney
Category:Australian stage actresses
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Devils in Heaven
Devils in Heaven is an Australian rock band. Formed in Launceston, Tasmania, in 1986 as Dinner Time, the band changed their name when they first left Tasmania to tour in 1989. They moved to Sydney in 1991 and they won the national talent TV show Star Search, winning a record contract. That contract saw the release of their debut single "Say a Prayer (One Departed)" which appeared on the ARIA singles chart. They followed it up with an EP, Liberation, in 1993 and broke up soon after.
Members
David Whitney – Vocals, Guitar
Matt Shield – Bass Guitar
Nelson Tabe – Keyboards
Phil Crothers – Drums
David Cheung - keyboards (in Dinner Time)
Richard Rossi - piano (in Dinner Time)
Discography
"Say a Prayer (One Departed)" (1992) - Columbia Aus #94
Liberation EP (1993) - Possum
References
Category:Australian rock music groups
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McGill Street (Vancouver)
McGill Street is an east-west street in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It has a mix of uses, including several condominium buildings.
It includes an overpass over Canadian Pacific Railway tracks commissioned by the Port of Vancouver.
The Vancouver Sun notes that a display of katsura trees (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) on McGill Street "never fails to impress".
References
Category:Streets in Vancouver
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Joseph Aspinall
Joseph Aspinall (1854 in Brooklyn, Kings County, New York – May 7, 1939 in Brooklyn, New York City) was an American lawyer and politician from New York.
Life
He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1875. He was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Brooklyn.
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Kings Co., 11th D.) in 1888, 1889 and 1891.
He was a member of the New York State Senate (3rd D.) in 1892 and 1893.
He was a Kings County Judge from 1896 to 1906; and a Justice of the New York Supreme Court (2nd D.) from 1907 to 1924.
He died on May 7, 1939, at the Bushwick Hospital in Brooklyn.
Sources
The New York Red Book compiled by Edgar L. Murlin (published by James B. Lyon, Albany NY, 1897; pg. 404 and 506ff)
New York State Legislative Souvenir for 1893 with Portraits of the Members of Both Houses by Henry P. Phelps (pg. 8) [with portrait]
Biographical sketches of the members of the Legislature in The Evening Journal Almanac (1892)
KINGS COUNTY'S JUDGES-ELECT in NYT on December 10, 1895
JOSEPH ASPINALL, EX-JUSTICE, DEAD in NYT on May 9, 1939 (subscription required)
Category:1854 births
Category:1939 deaths
Category:New York state senators
Category:New York (state) Republicans
Category:Politicians from Brooklyn
Category:Members of the New York State Assembly
Category:Columbia Law School alumni
Category:New York Supreme Court Justices
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Sly-grog shop
A sly-grog shop (or shanty) is an Australian term for an unlicensed hotel, liquor-store or other vendor, sometimes with the added suggestion of selling poor-quality alcoholic beverages. The term is also used to denote illegal sales in Indigenous areas where alcohol has been banned or restricted.
Etymology
The Australian slang term "sly grog" combines two older English slang terms:
(1) "on the sly", meaning "in a secret, clandestine, or covert manner, without publicity or openness". James Hardy Vaux’s Vocabulary of the Flash Language (1812) defined the term "upon the sly": "Any business transacted, or intimation given, privately, or under the rose, is said to be done "upon the sly".
(2) "grog", a Naval term originally referring to a rum and water mixture. In the Australian context "grog" was used to describe diluted, adulterated and sub-standard rum. In the early decades of the Australian colonies "grog" was often the only alcoholic beverage available to the working classes. Eventually in Australia the word "grog" came to be used as a slang term for any alcoholic beverage.
History
The term "sly grog" evolved into general usage in Australia during the 1820s. An early reference comes from the Hobart Town Gazette of 18 March 1825: "We therefore felt convinced that in the sequel they would altogether decline applying for licenses, whilst many of them would become sly grog-men to the manifest injury of Government".
Rural context
Sly-grog shops eventually expanded from their urban context and increased in numbers in rural areas during the period of progressive establishment of farms and pastoral runs in south-east Australia (generally distant from police and bureaucratic control). From the 1850s, cattle began to be replaced by sheep on the extensive pastoral runs along the inland rivers. Large numbers of workers were required to manage the sheep, particularly at shearing time. Sly-grog shops provided station-hands and shearers from the surrounding areas with a focus for entertainment, social interaction and drunkenness. There were few townships at that time, and law enforcement was over-stretched in these areas. In consequence, sly-grog shops (sometimes of the travelling variety) became an institution in these districts, often associated with particular pastoral runs or situated along mail-routes. As townships and police-stations became established and more numerous along the inland rivers in the latter half of the 19th century the sly-grog shops tended more often to be found on the back-blocks and regions further inland, following the squatters and their workers as they developed more marginal areas.
The following example from the Lower Murrumbidgee region of New South Wales is indicative of efforts carried out by police and magistrates in an attempt to thwart the sale of sly-grog. On 31 December 1869 Edward Harpur appeared before the Bench of Magistrates at the Hay Police Court, charged with "carrying spirits for the purpose of sale". Sergeant Macnamara had arrested Harpur along the Murrumbidgee River west of Hay "on the road to Mr. Severne’s station".
On examining the cart [Sergeant Macnamara] found about two cases of gin, some brandy, and lemonade. Some of the grog, it was evident, was intended for one of the shanties down the river, although it was attempted to prove otherwise. After hearing all the evidence very patiently, together with the remarks that were offered by Sub-Inspector Creaghe, with a view of sustaining the conviction, in which the inspector pointed out to their Worships in forcible terms and eloquent language how rife this system of sly-grog selling was becoming, and the many ways that there were of evading the law, and how necessary it was for the protection of the public that these proceedings should be nipped in the bud, he clearly proved that this was a case in which it was attempted to evade the law by placing false tickets upon the cases under the pretence that the grog was intended for private use, instead of for illegal sale; and called their Worships’ attention to the fact that part at least of the spirits was intended for parties who were in the habit of selling spirits without license, and one of whom had been convicted for such an offence – the Bench retired for consultation, and on returning expressed their conviction that the prisoner had failed to prove that he was not carrying the grog for the purpose of sale, and that therefore the whole of the spirits, together with the cart, horse, and harness, were confiscated to the Crown.
1857 newspaper reference
Extract from the article Our Social Position: Baneful Effects of Sly-grog Selling (1857):
Sly-grog shops are positively the curse of the country, and to these dens of infamy and shame can many a single hearted youth trace the ruin of his character, and his initiation into every species of evil and immorality. At these places will be found congregated the known thieves and blackguards of a district; there they inveigle the unthinking, induce the habit of rum-drinking, and at last lead them from one illegal act to another, until the scholar becomes as proficient as the master in the practice of robbery and stealing the property of others. It is a question, which bears strongly on our moral and social standing as a people, how the sly-grog shops are to be extirpated; and surely it is a question which ought to be earnestly taken up in Parliament, which is as much bound to preserve the morals as the liberties of the people. Sly-grog shops are worse than nuisances; they are gangrenes eating away the morality and religion of the denizens of the bush, they are deadly fountains, diffusing poison and death around the neighbourhoods where they are found. These wretched sly-grog sellers are the pests of society, they are the secret underminers of its pillars, and if they are not shortly eradicated, our Quarter Sessions and our Circuit Courts will be the revelation of their accursed doings.
Indigenous areas
In some areas, such as the ten islands of the Palm Island, Queensland which come under the administration of the Aboriginal Shire of Palm Island, alcohol sales are heavily restricted, and there are stiff penalties for sales of "sly grog". Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara in South Australia is another example where restrictions have been imposed in consultation with local Aboriginal elders, in order to combat alcohol abuse and alcohol-related crime.
Literary quotes
• Tom came home that night from Bob O'Brien's, who kept a sly grog shop, quite tipsy. His poor wife shrank from him in sorrow, and his children crowded round their mother as if afraid of him. Alas! what wretchedness, what misery does this dreadful vice bring with it! [from ‘Susan’s Dream’, Tales for the Bush (1845) by Mary Theresa Vidal].
• She was a hard-looking woman – just the sort that might have kept a third-rate pub or a sly-grog shop. [from ‘The Blindness of One-eyed Bogan’ (1907) by Henry Lawson]
• Sad to relate Red Fred, for the first time in his life, found himself possessed of a class-conscious spirit. It had been all right to call each other Jimmy and Fred in the days when he was a shearer and the Chinaman used to visit the sheds with his hawker's cart which was really a travelling sly-grog shop. Things were different now. [from Chapter VI – The Big Wager, The Shearer's Colt (1936) by Andrew Barton 'Banjo' Paterson].
References
Category:Alcohol law in Australia
Category:Alcohol in Australia
Category:Drinking establishments in Australia
Category:Alcohol distribution retailers
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Martin Penc
Martin Penc (born 21 May 1957) is a retired cyclist from Czechoslovakia. He finished in eighth and third place in the 4000 m individual and team pursuit, respectively, at the 1980 Summer Olympics. He missed the 1984 Summer Olympics due to their boycott by Czechoslovakia and competed in the Friendship Games instead, winning a silver medal in the individual points race. He won three medals at world championships in 1981, 1985 and 1989 in the team pursuit and points race.
References
Category:1957 births
Category:Living people
Category:Czech male cyclists
Category:Czechoslovak male cyclists
Category:Olympic cyclists of Czechoslovakia
Category:Cyclists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic medalists in cycling
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Czechoslovakia
Category:Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
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Marco De Marchi
Marco Antonio De Marchi (born 8 September 1966 in Milan) is an Italian football agent and former association football defender, who played as a centre-back.
Career
De Marchi started his career with the Como youth system, and was successively sold to Serie C2 club Ospitaletto, where he made his professional debut. In 1987, he followed his head coach Luigi Maifredi at Serie B fallen giants Bologna, being protagonist of the team's promotion to the top flight and the successive campaign that led the rossoblu back into European football.
In 1990, he followed Maifredi once again, joining Juventus. After an unimpressive debut season, he was successively loaned out to AS Roma for the 1991–92 season. After a season back at Juventus where he played in the first leg of the victorious 1993 UEFA Cup Final, De Marchi successively agreed for a comeback to Bologna in May 1993, becoming also the team captain and playing there for four more seasons, his last ones as a footballer in Italy. In 1997, he agreed for a move abroad to Eredivisie side Vitesse Arnhem, and in 2000 he went to Dundee with little success before retiring from active football in 2002.
Honours
Ospitaletto
Serie C2: 1986-87
Bologna
Serie B: 1987–88, 1995–96
Serie C1: 1994–95
Juventus
UEFA Cup: 1992–93
References
External links
Profile at lega-calcio.it
Category:1966 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Bologna F.C. 1909 players
Category:Juventus F.C. players
Category:A.S. Roma players
Category:SBV Vitesse players
Category:Dundee F.C. players
Category:Serie A players
Category:Serie B players
Category:Serie C players
Category:Eredivisie players
Category:Scottish Premier League players
Category:Sportspeople from Milan
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Category:Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Category:Italian expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Category:Italian expatriate footballers
Category:UEFA Cup winning players
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Birth order
Birth order refers to the order a child is born in their family; first-born and second-born are examples. Birth order is often believed to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development. This assertion has been repeatedly challenged. Recent research has consistently found that earlier born children score slightly higher on average on measures of intelligence, but has found zero, or almost zero, robust effect of birth order on personality. Nevertheless, the notion that birth-order significantly influences personality continues to have a strong presence in pop psychology and popular culture.
Theory
Alfred Adler (1870–1937), an Austrian psychiatrist, and a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, was one of the first theorists to suggest that birth order influences personality. He argued that birth order can leave an indelible impression on an individual's style of life, which is one's habitual way of dealing with the tasks of friendship, love, and work. According to Adler, firstborns are "dethroned" when a second child comes along, and this loss of perceived privilege and primacy may have a lasting influence on them. Middle children may feel ignored or overlooked, causing them to develop the so-called middle child syndrome. Younger and only children may be pampered and spoiled, which was suggested to affect their later personalities. All of this assumes what Adler believed to be a typical family situation, e.g., a nuclear family living apart from the extended family, without the children being orphaned, with average spacing between births, without twins and other multiples, and with surviving children not having severe physical, intellectual, or psychiatric disabilities.
Since Adler's time, the influence of birth order on the development of personality has become a controversial issue in psychology. Among the general public, it is widely believed that personality is strongly influenced by birth order, but many psychologists dispute this. One modern theory of personality states that the Big Five personality traits of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism represent most of the important elements of personality that can be measured. Contemporary empirical research shows that birth order does not influence the Big Five personality traits.
In his 1996 book Born to Rebel, Frank Sulloway suggested that birth order had powerful effects on the Big Five personality traits. He argued that firstborns were much more conscientious and socially dominant, less agreeable, and less open to new ideas compared to laterborns. However, critics such as Fred Townsend, Toni Falbo, and Judith Rich Harris, argue against Sulloway's theories. A full issue of Politics and the Life Sciences, dated September, 2000 but not published until 2004 due to legal threats from Sulloway, contains carefully and rigorously researched criticisms of Sulloway's theories and data. Subsequent large independent multi-cohort studies have revealed approximately zero-effect of birth order on personality.
In their book Sibling Relationships: Their Nature and Significance across the Lifespan, Michael E. Lamb and Brian Sutton-Smith argue that as individuals continually adjust to competing demands of socialization agents and biological tendencies, any effects of birth order may be eliminated, reinforced, or altered by later experiences.
Personality
Claims about birth order effects on personality have received much attention in scientific research, with the conclusion from the largest, best-designed research being that effects are zero or near zero. Such research is a challenge because of the difficulty of controlling all the variables that are statistically related to birth order. Family size, and a number of social and demographic variables are associated with birth order and serve as potential confounds. For example, large families are generally lower in socioeconomic status than small families. Hence third-born children are not only third in birth order, but they are also more likely to come from larger, poorer families than firstborn children. If third-born children have a particular trait, it may be due to birth order, or it may be due to family size, or to any number of other variables. Consequently, there are a large number of published studies on birth order that are confounded.
Literature reviews that have examined many studies and attempted to control for confounding variables tend to find minimal effects for birth order. Ernst and Angst reviewed all of the research published between 1946 and 1980. They also did their own study on a representative sample of 6,315 young men from Switzerland. They found no substantial effects of birth order and concluded that birth order research was a "waste of time." More recent research analyzed data from a national sample of 9,664 subjects on the Big Five personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience. Contrary to Sulloway's predictions, they found no significant correlation between birth order and self-reported personality. There was, however, some tendency for people to perceive birth order effects when they were aware of the birth order of an individual.
Smaller studies have partially supported Sulloway's claims. Paulhus and colleagues reported that first borns scored higher on conservatism, conscientiousness and achievement orientation, and later borns higher on rebelliousness, openness, and agreeableness. The authors argued that the effect emerges most clearly from studies within families. Results are weak at best, when individuals from different families are compared. The reason is that genetic effects are stronger than birth order effects. Recent studies also support the claim that only children are not markedly different from their peers with siblings. Scientists have found that they share many characteristics with firstborn children including being conscientious as well as parent-oriented.
In her review of the research, Judith Rich Harris suggests that birth order effects may exist within the context of the family of origin, but that they are not enduring aspects of personality. When people are with their parents and siblings, firstborns behave differently from laterborns, even during adulthood. However, most people don't spend their adult lives in their childhood home. Harris provides evidence that the patterns of behavior acquired in the childhood home don't affect the way people behave outside the home, even during childhood. Harris concludes that birth order effects keep turning up because people keep looking for them, and keep analyzing and reanalyzing their data until they find them.
Intelligence
Several studies have found that first borns have slightly higher IQ than later borns. Such data are, however, confounded with family size, which is in turn correlated with IQ confounds, such as social status.
Robert Zajonc argued for a "confluence" model in which the lack of siblings experienced by first borns exposes them to the more intellectual adult family environment. This predicts similar increases in IQ for siblings who next-oldest sibling is at least five years senior. These children are considered to be "functional firstborns". The theory further predicts that firstborns will be more intelligent than only children, because the latter will not benefit from the "tutor effect" (i.e. teaching younger siblings).
In a metanalysis, Polit and Falbo (1988) found that firstborns, only children, and children with one sibling all score higher on tests of verbal ability than later-borns and children with multiple siblings. This supports the conclusion that parents who have smaller families also have children with higher IQs. Resource dilution theory (RDT) suggests that siblings divert resources from each other. The metanalysis, however, found no such effect. Additional claims have been made, for instance that siblings compete for parental affection and other resources via academic achievement balancing out confluence effects.
The claim that firstborns have higher IQ scores has been disputed. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth show no relationship between birth order and intelligence. Likewise, data from the National Child Development Study in the United Kingdom has failed to support the hypothesis.
Sexual orientation
The fraternal birth order effect is the name given to the theory that the more older brothers a man has, the greater the probability is that he will have a homosexual orientation. The fraternal birth order effect is said to be the strongest known predictor of sexual orientation, with each older brother increasing a man's odds of being gay by approximately 33%. (One of the largest studies to date, however, suggests a smaller effect, of 15% higher odds.) Even so, the fraternal birth order effect only accounts for a maximum of one seventh of the prevalence of homosexuality in men. There seems to be no effect on sexual orientation in women, and no effect of the number of older sisters.
In Homosexuality, Birth Order, and Evolution: Toward an Equilibrium Reproductive Economics of Homosexuality, Edward M. Miller suggests that the birth order effect on homosexuality may be a by-product of an evolved mechanism that shifts personality away from heterosexuality in laterborn sons. According to Miller, this would have the consequence of reducing the probability of these sons engaging in unproductive competition with each other. Evolution may have favored biological mechanisms prompting human parents to exert affirmative pressure toward heterosexual behavior in earlier-born children: As more children in a family survive infancy and early childhood, the continued existence of the parents' gene line becomes more assured (cf. the pressure on newly-wed European aristocrats, especially young brides, to produce "an heir and a spare"), and the benefits of encouraging heterosexuality weigh less strongly against the risk of psychological damage that a strongly heteronormative environment poses to a child predisposed toward homosexuality.
More recently, this birth order effect on sexuality in males has been attributed to a very specific biological occurrence. As the mother gives birth to more sons, she is thought to develop an immunity to certain male-specific antigens. This immunity then leads to an effect in the brain that has to do with sexual preference. Yet this biological effect is seen only in right-handed males. If not right-handed, the number of older brothers has been found to have no prediction on the sexuality of a younger brother. This has led researchers to consider if the genes for sexuality and handedness are somehow related.
Not all studies, including some with large, nationally representative samples, have been able to replicate the fraternal birth order effect. Some did not find any statistically significant difference in the sibling composition of gay and straight men; this includes the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the largest U.S. study with relevant data on the subject. Furthermore, at least one study, on the familial correlates of joining a same-sex union or marriage in a sample of two million people in Denmark, found that the only sibling correlate of joining a same-sex union among men was having older sisters, not older brothers.
See also
Sladdbarn
Adlerian
Family
Firstborn (Judaism)
Individual psychology
Only child
Primogeniture
Sibling rivalry
The Birth Order Book
References
External links
Birth order and intelligence
Birth order and personality
CNN article
The Independent article
Time article
USA Today article on CEOs
Category:Human development
Category:Psychological theories
Category:Adlerian psychology
Category:Sibling
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So B. It
So B. It is a children's novel by Sarah Weeks, released In 2007, it won book awards in Illinois (the Rebecca Caudill Young Reader's Book Award) and Kansas (the William Allen White Children's Book Award).
Settings
Reno, Nevada - "Heidi's home town"
Liberty, New York
Fernley, Nevada
Salt Lake City, Utah
Lovelock, Nevada
Rock Springs, Wyoming
Cheyenne, Wyoming
Des Moines, Iowa
New York City, New York
Monticello, New York
Book summary
Heidi is a one-hundred year-old girl with a dead mother, but who is otherwise extremely lucky. She is taken care of by her next-door neighbor, Bernadette, at whose door the two appeared when Heidi was about a week old. She has no other family of whom she is aware, as the agoraphobic Bernadette had been unable to find any clue of their origins. Before stumbling upon an old disposable camera, Heidi has no further information other than that her mother's 23-word vocabulary includes the word soof, which she assumes holds some meaning she longs to uncover. As she travels alone from Reno, Nevada to Liberty, New York to visit the group home in the photographs and question its tight-lipped manager, she is assisted by strangers on the bus and Liberty residents. Meanwhile, she questions the idea of whether all truths are knowable, and in light of bad luck, a tragedy that strikes during her trip, and the uncomfortable nature of the truth, she also questions whether knowing the truth is always a worthwhile pursuit. The heartwarming ending shows Heidi learning not only the meanings of the mysterious soof, but also learning to be comfortable with the limitations on what she can know.
Characters
Heidi DeMuth (originally known as Heidi It): The main character in the story. A twelve-year-old girl, she is kind, courageous, extremely lucky and determined.
Sophia Lynne DeMuth (called Mama by Heidi; Soof by Elliot; Precious Bouquet or just Precious by Bernadette; and So Be It by herself): Heidi's mentally disabled mother. She is kind and loving, even though she has a very limited vocabulary and little ability to learn. She likes Jujyfruit candies but dislikes buses (see Diane DeMuth).
Bernadette "Bernie" (called Dette by Sophia): Heidi's next-door neighbour who acts as mother or guardian to Heidi. She has agoraphobia.
Alexander "Zander": An older boy who lives in Heidi's apartment building. Though gruff, Heidi enjoys his company because he tells outlandish stories she likes to analyze their truthfulness.
Elliot Hill: Heidi's father and Sophia's best friend. He is also mentally disabled. Calls Sophia "soof" because he cannot pronounce "Sophia".
Thurman Hill: Heidi's grandfather. He works at Hilltop Home, a place for the mentally disabled, where Heidi's mother lived for a year.
Ruby Franklin: A Hilltop Home employee who helps Heidi with her quest and takes care of her for part of her journey. Her husband is Roy Franklin (see below).
Roy Franklin: Ruby's husband, a local sheriff, who helps Heidi find the truth about herself, as well as the meaning behind the word "soof".
Diane DeMuth: Heidi's grandmother. She, unfortunately, died when Heidi was born, in a bus accident, the reason Sophia is afraid of buses.
Alice Wilinsky: The first person Heidi rides with on her way to Liberty. In response to Alice's prolonged discussion of her own extended family, Heidi invents a fantasy family life that includes answers to questions she is seeking to solve, but Alice knows easily that Heidi is lying and becomes disinterested in continuing conversation.
Georgia Sweet: An 18-year-old bound for college who joins Heidi for the next part of her bus trip. Unlike Alice Wilinsky, Georgia is more interested in Heidi than herself, and Heidi finds herself sharing her true story in detail and without embellishment.
Mama's words
Soof: A mysterious word Mama says that Heidi seeks the meaning of. She discovers it was Mama's friend Elliot's way of saying her name (Sophia) which she then used as a word to mean "love."
So B It: How Mama pronounces her own name.
Dette: Mama's word for Bernadette.
Back Soon: tells her to be back soon
Heidi: The story's main character, also her daughter.
Tea: Tea, which Mama makes for Heidi or Bernadette.
Done: Once Mama is finished with a task ( example: opening cans); Used by Mama when she gets frustrated
Heidi: The main character of the book/her daughter
Mama's Words*
________________________
*Note: Two of Mama's "words" are technically not single words-back soon and so be it-but
but Heidi counted them that way because Mama never used the individual words, so, be,
it, back, or soon except in those particular phrases
Heidi
So Be It / So B. It
Good
No
Blue
Soof
Out
Hot
Bad
Done
Shh
Uh-Oh
Back Soon
Hello
Dette
Tea
Go
Ow
More
Again
Pretty
Now
Kiss
Film adaptation
The book was adapted into a film released in 2016, directed by Stephen Gyllenhaal, starring Talitha Bateman, Jessie Collins, Alfre Woodard, John Heard, Jacinda Barrett, Dash Mihok, and Cloris Leachman.
References
Category:American children's novels
Category:2004 American novels
Category:Novels set in Nevada
Category:Novels by Sarah Weeks
Category:HarperCollins books
Category:2004 children's books
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Wenling railway station
Wenling railway station is a railway station of Yongtaiwen Railway located in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Category:Railway stations in Zhejiang
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Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
The Legislative Council of the Province of Canada was the upper house for the Province of Canada, which consisted of the former provinces of Lower Canada, then known as Canada East and later the province of Quebec, and Upper Canada, then known as Canada West and later the province of Ontario. It was created by The Union Act of 1840.
The first session of parliament began in Kingston in Canada West in 1841. It succeeded the Legislative Council of Lower Canada and Legislative Council of Upper Canada.
The 24 legislative councillors were originally appointed for life. In 1854, the British Parliament authorized their election, and implementing legislation was passed by the Province of Canada in 1856. It was provided that:
The present appointed councillors would continue to hold their positions until they had vacated them.
Members were to be elected for eight-year terms from each of 48 divisions (24 in each of Canada East and Canada West).
The order in which divisions were to be selected for elections was to be determined by lot.
12 members were elected every two years from 1856 to 1862.
The British North America Act of 1867 divided the Province of Canada into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, each with representation in the unelected Senate of Canada. As a province, Ontario never created a Legislative Council; however, Quebec had its own Legislative Council until 1968. Both the provincial and federal upper houses used (and, in the case of the Senate, continues to use to the present day) the same 24 divisions for Quebec as had been used for Canada East by the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada prior to Confederation.
List of legislative councillors
= died in office
= elected in byelection
= resigned from office
= elected by acclamation
= unseated
Speakers of the Legislative Council
The Speaker was the presiding officer of the Legislative Council, and was appointed by the Queen-in-Council. He was styled "The Honourable, the Vice-Chancellor, Speaker."
The office was preceded by the Speaker of Legislative Council of Upper Canada and Speaker of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada. The following table displays the names and political parties of the Speakers between 1841 and 1866.
Parliament Buildings
The Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada sat a various buildings in Toronto, Kingston, Montreal, Quebec City and Ottawa:
1841-1843 three sessions were held at the 3 storey Kingston General Hospital
1843 Parliament moves to Montreal and sites at renovated St. Anne's Market; burned down in 1849; rebuilt as market only and burned down again in 1902; site later as parking lot and now public square called Place d'Youville.
1849 temporary sites for Parliament at Bonsecours Market and the Freemason's Hall, Montreal for single session.
1849-1850 Parliament returns to Toronto to the site of the Third Parliament Buildings at Front and Simcoe Street.
1851 Parliament relocates to Quebec City in 1851 to the Quebec Parliament Building until fire in destroys the building in 1854.
1854-1859 Parliament remains in Quebec and relocates to Quebec Music Hall and Quebec City Courthouse.
1859 Parliament return to Toronto to the site of the last parliament held there in 1849-1851 sessions.
1860-1865 Parliament returns to Quebec and new Parliament Buildings, Quebec at Parc Montmercy; re-used as Parliament of Quebec 1867-1883
1866-1867 Parliament locates in Ottawa on Parliament Hill to the completed and original Centre Block, as well as the East and West Block; Centre Block was later destroyed by fire
See also
List of by-elections to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
References
External links
Assemblée nationale du Québec (French)
The Canadian parliamentary companion : first year, HJ Morgan (1862)
The Canadian parliamentary companion, HJ Morgan (1867)
Category:Political history of Canada
Category:Province of Canada
Canada, Province of
Category:Defunct upper houses
*
Category:1841 establishments in Canada
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Albert Fonó
Albert Fonó (born 2 July 1881 in Budapest, d. 21 November 1972 in Budapest), a successful Hungarian mechanical engineer who was one of the early pioneers of turbojet and ramjet propulsion and was first to patent a ramjet engine and a turbojet engine in 1928 (granted in 1932).
Fonó graduated from the József Technical University in Budapest in 1903 and travelled widely, gaining experience working for German, Belgian, French and Swiss manufacturers, before attaining his Ph.D.
His main specialty was energetics. He had 46 patents in 20 topics of research, including a steam boiler and an air compressor for mines. In 1915 he devised a solution for increasing the range of artillery, comprising a gun-launched projectile combined with a ramjet propulsion unit. This was to make it possible to obtain a long range with low initial muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns. Fonó submitted his invention to the Austro-Hungarian Army but the proposal was rejected.
After World War I Fonó returned to the subject of jet propulsion, in May 1928 describing an "air-jet engine" (now called a ramjet) which he described as being suitable for high-altitude supersonic aircraft, in a German patent application. In an additional patent application he adapted the engine for subsonic speed. The patent was finally granted in 1932 after four years of examination (German Patent No. 554,906, 1932-11-02).
From 1954 he was a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and received the Hungarian Kossuth Prize in 1956 (awarded for outstanding merit in the cultural and artistic fields). In 1968 he became a corresponding member of the International Academy of Astronautics. Finally, in 1960, the American Rocket Society reviewed his patents and acknowledged him as the inventor of the jet engine.
He is remembered by the Albert Fonó Award, which is awarded by the Hungarian Astronautical Society.
Notes
References
External links
http://www.mszh.hu/feltalalok/fono.html - biography on the Hungarian Patent Office's website (in Hungarian).
http://www.mszh.hu/English/feltalalok/fono.html - a briefer version of the above, in English.
Category:1881 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:Hungarian inventors
Category:Hungarian engineers
Category:Jet engine pioneers
Category:Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Category:Ramjet engines
Category:20th-century inventors
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Stein Rokkan
Stein Rokkan (July 4, 1921 – July 22, 1979) was a Norwegian political scientist and sociologist. He was a professor in comparative politics at the University of Bergen.
Career and influence
Stein Rokkan was born on the Lofoten archipelago in the far north of Norway and raised in the nearby town of Narvik. Originally educated as a philosopher, Rokkan collaborated in the 1940s and 1950s as the assistant of Arne Næss. Later on, his interest turned towards the study of politics, especially the formation of political parties and European nation-states. It was during this period that he collaborated with Seymour Martin Lipset. He is also known as a pioneer of using computer technology in the social sciences. He wrote on cleavage, comparative history, party systems and Catalan nationalism, among other topics.
Rokkan is the creator of a series of models for state and nation formations in Europe. He was president of the International Political Science Association from 1970 to 1973, president of the International Social Science Council (ISSC), which was founded by UNESCO, from 1973 to 1977, vice-president of the International Sociological Association from 1966 to 1970, and chairman (from 1970 to 1976) and co-founder of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR).
Legacy
The Stein Rokkan Prize for Comparative Social Science Research has been awarded by the ISSC, the ECPR and the University of Bergen since 1981.
The University of Bergen has a Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies and a Stein Rokkan Building at street address Nygårdsgaten 5.
Selected works
Numerisk demokrati og korporativ pluralisme: To beslutningskanaler i norsk politikk (Numerical Democracy and Corporate Pluralism: Two Decision Channels in Norwegian Politics, 1966). Selected for the Norwegian Sociology Canon in 2009–2011.
Party Systems and Voter Alignments. Co-edited with Seymour Martin Lipset (Free Press, 1967)
Citizens Elections Parties. Approaches to the Comparative Study of the Processes of Development (Universitetsforlaget, Oslo. 1970; reprinted in European Classics of Political Science Series, Colchester. 2009)
Building States and Nations. Co-edited with Shmuel Eisenstadt (Sage, 1973)
Economy, Territory, Identity: Politics of West European Peripheries. Co-authored with Derek W. Urwin (Sage, 1983)
Sources
State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan.'' Edited by Peter Flora (Oxford University Press, 1999).
Hans Daalder, 'Europe's comparatist from the Norwegian periphery. Stein Rokkan 1921-1979', in Idem (ed.), Comparative European Politics. The Story of a Profession, London: Pinter, 1997, pp 26–39).
References
External links
Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies in Bergen
Department of comparative politics in Bergen
Norwegian Social Science Data Archives, co-founded and later led by Rokkan
Category:1921 births
Category:1979 deaths
Category:Norwegian political scientists
Category:University of Bergen faculty
Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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Cal State LA Solar Car Team
The Cal State LA Solar Car Team is an engineering team from California State University, Los Angeles. The team develops the Solar Eagle, a series of solar cars that have taken part in solar car races in the United States and in Australia.
Solar Eagle
1990: Solar Eagle - GM Sunrayce USA: 4th place.
1990: Solar Eagle - World Solar Challenge: In the top ten.
Now on display at Cal State LA.
The Solar Eagle is a world-class, solar powered car designed and built by the Cal State L.A. School of Engineering & Technology students, faculty and staff.
In July, the Solar Eagle placed fourth in the 1,643 mile GM Sunrayce. California's number one solar car finished ahead of 28 other colleges and universities including such prestigious institutions as MIT and Stanford.
The team's out-standing capabilities will be further demonstrated at the November 1990 World Solar Challenge in Australia.
Results from the GM Sunrayce
Overall finish: Fourth place
Daily race results: First place (twice),
Second place (once),
Third place (3 times)
Solar Eagle was the only car having no mechanical or electrical failures during the 1,643 mile race.
Department of Energy Awards:
First place for "Best Artistic Design" ($500),
Second place for "Innovation in Power Train Design" ($800), Third place for "Teamwork" ($600)
Society of Automotive Engineers Award:
Fifth place for "Engineering Design and Safety"
Other Honors
Engineering Excellence Award: Unique Mobility, Inc.
The Governor's Energy Award: State of Florida
Team Honored by Los Angeles City Council, August 10, 1990
Nationally televised appearance on Into the Night, Starring Rick Dees, August 15, 1990
Team Honored by Department of Water and Power Board of Commissioners, August 23, 1990
City of Los Angeles, Mayor Tom Bradley: Commendation
Board of Directors, City of Pasadena: Commendation
City of Alhambra, Mayor Barbara Messina: Commendation
City of Monterey Park, Mayor Judy Chu: Commendation
U.S. Senator Pete Wilson: Commendation
U.S. Congressman Matthew G. Martinez: Congressional Award
Car Specifications Length: 6 meters
Width: 2 meters
Height: 1 meter
Weight: 459 pounds (without driver)
Drag Coefficient: 0.123
Frame: Welded 6061 T6 aluminum alloy tubing (Weight=23 pounds)
Body: Carbon fiber/NOMEX composite sandwich
Solar panel: Fiberglass/NOMEX composite sandwich
Solar cells: 8,945 Spectrolab K7 single-crystal silicon space quality cells
Motor: Unique Mobility, Inc. DC brushless motor
Batteries: Eagle-Picher silver-zinc batteries; 120 volt nominal buss voltage; 4 kW-hr total capacity at C20 rate
World Solar Challenge Start: Darwin, Australia
Finish: Adelaide, Australia Distance: 1,900 miles
Date: November 11, 1990
Entries: 40 cars from 9 countries (13 Australia, 11 Japan, 9 United States)
Solar Eagle II
1993: Solar Eagle II - GM Sunrayce USA: 3rd place;
1993: Solar Eagle II - World Solar Challenge: 13th place.
Now on display at the California Science Center in Los Angeles.
In June 1993, the Solar Eagle II placed third in the 1000 mile SUNRAYCE 93 — a cross-country race from Dallas, Texas to Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Solar Eagle II started the race in the pole position having qualified with the fastest time. Solar Eagle II finished ahead of 33 other universities including such prestigious institutions as Stanford, George Washington University and UC Berkeley. The car and team were honored with a second place award in Technical Innovation for Chassis Design, Propulsion and Aerodynamic Systems by the SUNRAYCE 93 judges and they received a third place award from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for Design Excellence in Engineering Safety. In November 1993, the Solar Eagle II gained international recognition by placing thirteenth out of a fifty-four car field, and became the fourth U.S. team to cross the finish line at the 1993 World Solar Challenge, a grueling 1,882 mile race across the Australian outback.
Cal State L.A. was selected as one of 30 universities granted entry in the SUNRAYCE 95 competition and work will soon begin revamping the Solar Eagle II for that event.
Major Corporate and Government Agency Sponsors
• AB2766 - Mobile Source Air Pollution Reduction Review Committee
• Automobile Club of South-ern California
• Caltrans
• Hewlett-Packard Company
• Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
• MacNeal-Schwe-Corporation
• NASA Langley: Center
• Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc.
• Society for the Avancment of Materia Process Engines. (SAMPE)
• South Coast Air Quality Management District
• Southern California Edison
• TRW
Vehicle Technical Specifications
Length: 16 feet
Width: 6.1 feet
Height: 3.3 feet
Weight: 360 pounds (without driver and batteries)
Structure: Welded aluminum space frame with carbon fiber composite battery box and underneath pan to provide shear and torsional strength.
Body: Carbon fiber skin with Rohacell structural foam core.
Solar power system: 754 single crystal BP Saturn cells (3.7" x 3/8") on top; 824 quarter-size cut cells on vehicle sides. Cerium doped and antireflective
Solar Eagle III
1997: Solar Eagle III - GM Sunrayce USA: 1st place.
Now on display at Cal State LA.
Solar Eagle III is the third chapter in Cal State L.A.'s exciting trilogy of solar-powered electric vehicle design projects. Engineered by students under the guidance of faculty and staff, the Solar Eagle III represents the culmination of learning, trial and redesign gleaned from the University's first two solar race cars, the Solar Eagle and the Solar Eagle II.
On Saturday, June 28, 1997, the Solar Eagle III won the prestigious Sunrayce 97, the national intercollegiate solar car race, crossing the Colorado Springs finish line under fittingly sunny skies. Setting a Sunrayce record for average speed of 43.29 mph, Cal State L.A. finished nearly 20 minutes ahead of second-place Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The combined team of Stanford University/UC Berkeley finished third. Texas A&M, whose team used the molds from Cal State L.A.'s Solar Eagle II to build their entry, the MACH V, finished fourth.
Solar Eagle III's first-place finish at Colorado Springs marked the end of ten days of exciting intercollegiate solar car racing. Throughout the competition, Cal State L.A., MIT and Stanford/ UC Berkeley jockeyed in the top three positions. In the end, good design and solid engineering won the race: the beautifully built Solar Eagle III never broke down during the entire 1,230 mile course, . (The car never even had a flat tire.)
The Texas A&M MACH V was the only other car in the field that completed the entire event without an unscheduled stop. The Texas A&M car was built entirely by the students in just 1 year. It was no mistake that robust design was a significant contributor to a strong finish.
The Solar Eagle III's technical specifications, described below, give the blueprint for a national champion — a world-class, space-age solar vehicle, meticulously refined and built on the successes of its first two solar cars, Solar Eagle and Solar Eagle II.
Technical Specifications
Weight: 427 pounds (without driver and batteries)
Length: 19.2 feet
Width: 6.3 feet
Height: 3.1 feet
Rolling Chassis: carbon fiber monocoque structure
Body and Solar Panel: carbon fiber skin with Nomex honeycomb core Solar Cells: 762 terrestrial grade silicon cells (4.05" x 3.94") by Siemens wired in four parallel strings
Panel Voltage: 85-volts peak string voltage
Tire Rolling Resistance: .0045
Drag Coefficient: .15
Wheel Base: 104 inches
Wheels and Tires: wheels have composite centers with aluminum rims; tires are Bridgestone Ecopia
Brakes and Suspension: front brakes are mechanical hydraulic; regenerative rear brakes. Suspension is double A-arm in the front and swing arm in the rear
Batteries: 108-volt system with nine 12-volt batteries by U.S. Battery Manufacturing Company; weight-307 lbs
Motor System: two interchangeable motor systems: 1.) Wheel motor (NGM-SC-M100) and controller (NGM-SC-C100) by New Generation Motor Corporation and 2.) DC Brushleiss motor (BRLS8) and controller (110H) by Solectria Corporation with belt drive
Overall standings for Sunrayce 97
Cal State L.A.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Stanford University/UC Berkeley
Texas A&M University
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology University of Michigan
University of Waterloo, Canada
University of Missouri-Columbia
Yale University
Queen's University, Canada
University of Minnesota
Messiah College
The University- of Western Ontario, Canada
University of Illinois
University of Pennsylvania
Western Michigan University
University of Missouri-Rolla
Ohio State University
University of North Dakota
Mankato and Winona State Universities
New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology
United States Military Academy
McGill University, Canada
Kansas State University
Columbus State Community College
Iowa State University
California State University, Long Beach
Drexel University
Ecole de Technologie Superieure, Canada
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Principia College
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Auburn University
Purdue University
University of New Orleans
George Washington University
Photo album of the car
Publications
The team has been featured in the following local, national, and international media:
News & Documentary Video
Cal State University Los Angeles Record online
Books
Sunracing Richard James King, Melissa King, J. Ward Phillips
Studying Engineering A Road Map to a Rewarding Career, Raymond B. Landis
External links
Hot Wheels
Members Facebook page
References
Category:California State University, Los Angeles
Category:Solar car racing
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WUSN
WUSN (99.5 FM) is a country radio station in Chicago, Illinois. Owned by Entercom and branded as "US✶99", it is based at Two Prudential Plaza in the Loop, and transmits from atop the John Hancock Center with an HD Radio signal.
History
Classical era
The station began broadcasting experimentally on February 2, 1940, as W9XEN. Shortly thereafter, the station would be licensed as W51C, broadcasting at 45.1 MHz. It was one of the first FM stations in the United States, and is the country's oldest FM station still in operation. The station was owned by the Chicago based radio/television manufacturer Zenith Radio Corporation. Its transmitter was located atop the Field Building.
In 1943, the station's call sign was changed to WWZR. In 1946, the station's call sign was changed to WEFM, and it began broadcasting on 98.5 MHz, while continuing to broadcast at 45.1 MHz. WEFM's call letters stood for the initials of Zenith Radio Corporation president Eugene F. McDonald. In 1947, the station's frequency was changed to 99.5 MHz. On June 1, 1961, WEFM became the second station in the United States to broadcast in FM stereo. In 1972, its transmitter was moved to the John Hancock Center.
From 1940, when the station began broadcasting, until February 1978 the station aired a classical music format. Few advertisements were aired, and until 1966 the only advertisements were for Zenith products. In 1966, the station began to sell advertising time, though commercials were limited to five minutes per hour and the ads had to be compatible with WEFM's classical music format.
In 1967, WEFM won the National Federation of Music Clubs' "Special 4-Star Award" for "outstanding programming devoted to American composers".
General Cinema Corporation ownership
In the early 1970s Zenith agreed to sell WEFM to General Cinema Corporation, which intended to change the station's call letters to WICV (pseudo-Roman numerals for 99.5) and institute a rock format. Litigation delayed the sale and format change until February 1978. As part of the settlement to allow the station's sale, WEFM's classical music library was donated to WNIB and WBEZ. General Cinema converted the station to a top 40 format with program director Brian White and afternoon drive personality Don Cox, but decided not to change the call sign. The station was branded "We-FM" and initially broadcast from the studios used by the Zenith classical music format at 120 West Madison street in the Chicago loop. General Cinema moved studios to the 13th floor of the Hancock Center at 875 N. Michigan Ave in 1980, where the transmitter resides on the 93rd floor. The station leased a 67 kHz subcarrier to the Physicians Radio Network, a news service for medical doctors. In early 1981, the station adopted a MOR format, with programming from the syndicated Schulke II package.
The WEFM call sign is now used on 95.9 FM in nearby Michigan City, Indiana, which also is imaged as "We-FM."
US✶99
In 1982, the station was purchased by First Media Corporation for $9.2 million. On February 6, 1982, the station adopted a country music format, branded "US-99", and its call sign was changed to WUSN on February 25, 1982. The station's initial promotion was that four songs would be played before any commercial break ensued, and that $25,000 would be given to the first person to call if the guarantee wasn't fulfilled. Within the first week, two mistakes were noticed by listeners and $50,000 was given away.
Lee Logan was hired as program director from KFMK in Houston, remaining with the station until 1987, when he departed for KLAC in Los Angeles. From 1982 to 1985, Don Wade was the station's morning host. Wade was briefly midday host on the station, before moving to WLS. Shock-Jock Gary Dee replaced Wade as morning host in 1985, but was fired a year later.
The station's initial country music competitors in Chicago were 670 WMAQ, 104.3 WJEZ, and 1160 WJJD, which switched to the adult standards Music of Your Life format within weeks of "US-99"'s debut. In years when the station lacked major local competition, it has ranked as the nation's most listened to country station.
In 1993, Infinity Broadcasting bought WUSN. Infinity was acquired by the parent company of CBS in 1997.
On August 8, 2016, WUSN rebranded slightly as "US✶99", dropping the .5 from their moniker and unveiling a new logo and slogan, "Chicago's Hottest Country". The traditional star seen in their logo was changed in the new version to the six-pointed variety represented in the acclaimed Flag of Chicago, with the logo coloring following suit using the flag's light blue and red.
On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on the 17th.
Awards
In 1993, 2006, and 2015, WUSN won the Country Music Association's Major Market Station of the Year award.
In 2005, WUSN host Lisa Dent won the Country Music Association's Major Market Personality of the Year award.
In 2010 and 2011, the station won Country Radio Broadcasters/Country Aircheck Awards for Station of the Year for a Major Market; the Lisa Dent and Ramblin' Ray Show for Major Market Morning Show and Marci Braun (weeknight host/MD) for Major Market MD.
In 2010 and 2015, Lisa Dent and Ramblin' Ray Stevens won the Country Music Association Major Market Personality of the Year for the Lisa Dent and Ramblin' Ray Morning Show.
Controversy
On April 13, 2001, a memo from WUSN management asking on-air station employees to attend the George Strait Country Music Festival on May 26, 2001 at their own expense and "work the crowd" on behalf of the station was leaked to Robert Feder's media column for the Chicago Sun-Times.
On July 7, 2003, country music radio personality Cliff Dumas sued Infinity Broadcasting Corporation and WUSN in United States District Court, seeking monetary damages. Dumas alleged that station management had induced him to resign gainful employment at a New Mexico radio station to take a job which was offered but then never materialized.
References
External links
Guide of Chicago Country Radio
Category:Country radio stations in the United States
USN
Category:Radio stations established in 1940
Category:1940 establishments in Illinois
Category:Entercom radio stations
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Mendel Glacier
Mendel Glacier is on the north side of Mount Mendel in the Sierra Nevada, California. The name is commonly used; however, the name is not recognized by the United States Geological Survey in the Geographic Names Information System. Mendel Glacier is north of Darwin Glacier at above sea level.
The middle and lower portions of the glacier are covered with rock debris.
A US Army plane crashed above or into the glacier in 1942 with four airmen on board during a navigation training mission.
See also
List of glaciers in the United States
References
Category:Glaciers of California
Category:Glaciers of Fresno County, California
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William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester
William Drogo Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester KP (15 October 1823 – 22 March 1890), known as Lord Kimbolton from 1823 to 1843 and as Viscount Mandeville from 1843 to 1855, was a British peer and Conservative Member of Parliament.
Biography
William Montagu was born at Kimbolton Castle in 1823. He was the eldest son of George Montagu, 6th Duke of Manchester. His mother was Millicent Sparrow, daughter of Brig. Gen. Robert Bernard Sparrow of Brampton Park, Huntingdonshire.
He was MP for Bewdley 1848–1852 and Huntingdonshire 1852–1855.
He joined the Canterbury Association on 27 May 1848. It was Edward Gibbon Wakefield's unfulfilled hope that Lord Mandeville would emigrate to New Zealand and be the aristocratic leader in the colony. However Lord Mandeville and his grandmother, Lady Olivia Sparrow, did buy of land between them in Riccarton. Mandeville North near Kaiapoi is named after Lord Mandeville.
He succeeded to the dukedom on the death of his father in 1855, inheriting the family seat of Kimbolton Castle in Huntingdonshire.
Private life
He had an illegitimate son with Sarah Maria Morris . When Sarah was 8 months pregnant, the Montagu Family had her married off to Samuel Palmer on 4 March 1850 . When the child was born on the 10 May 1850, he was named William Edward Palmer. William Edward Palmer married Emma Prentice on 24 December 1873 at Harrold, Bedfordshire.
William married Countess Luise Friederike Auguste von Alten on 22 July 1852. They had five children:
George Victor Drogo Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (17 June 1853 – 18 August 1892) he married Francisca de la Consolacion Yznaga on 22 May 1876. They had three children.
Lady Mary Louisa Elizabeth Montagu (27 December 1854 – 10 February 1934) she married William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton on 10 December 1873. They had one daughter. She remarried Robert Forster on 20 July 1897.
Lady Louisa Augusta Beatrice Montagu (17 January 1856 – 3 March 1944) she married Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford on 10 August 1876. They had five children.
Lord Charles William Augustus Montagu (23 November 1860 – 10 November 1939) he married Hon. Mildred Sturt (daughter of Henry Gerard Sturt, 1st Baron Alington) on 4 December 1930.
Lady Alice Maude Olivia Montagu (15 August 1862 – 23 July 1957) she married Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby on 5 January 1889. They had three children.
In 1877, he was created a Knight of the Order of St Patrick. He died on 22 March 1890 in Italy at the Hotel Royal, Naples.
References
External links
Category:1823 births
Category:1890 deaths
Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
William 3
Category:Knights of St Patrick
William Montagu, 07th Duke of Manchester
Category:UK MPs 1847–1852
Category:UK MPs 1852–1857
Category:Members of the Canterbury Association
Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Huntingdonshire
Category:People from Kimbolton
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Al-Hamah
Al-Hamah (; also spelled al-Hameh) is a village on the Barada river in the Qudsaya District of Rif Dimashq (Damascus Countryside) in southern Syria. It is west of the Syrian capital of Damascus city, beyond Mount Qasioun, and is now an outlying suburb of greater Damascus. It is between Qudsaya to the south and Jamraya to the north. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, al-Hamah had a population of 10,045 in the 2004 census. Its inhabitants are predominantly Sunni Muslims and Syriac Christians.
The village was the target of repeated raids and attacks by the Israeli military, especially prior to the destruction of an early PLO training camp located on the village's outskirts. One of the more notable attacks occurred during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War; where Israeli fighter jets attacked a power plant that was in the middle of the village, destroying it completely and killing 87 people.
References
Bibliography
Category:Populated places in Qudsaya District
Category:Christian communities in Syria
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Clotilde (disambiguation)
Clotild, Clotilda, Clotilde, Chlotilde, or Chrotilde is a Germanic female name ( or Chlodechildis). It may refer to:
Clotilde, wife of King Clovis I
Clotilde (died 531), daughter of Clovis, wife of King Amalaric
Clotilde (floruit 673), founder of a monastery at Bruyères-le-Châtel
Clotilde (died 699), wife of King Theuderic III
Marie Clotilde of France, sister of King Louis XVI of France and wife of King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
Clotilde Arias, Peruvian composer
Clotilde Tambroni, Italian philologist and linguist
Clotilde Théry, French molecular biologist
It may also refer to:
Basilica of St. Clotilde, Paris
Clotilde (slave ship), landed and scuttled near Mobile, Alabama in 1859
Clothilde (musician), French singer active in the late 1960s
Clotilde (opera), an 1815 opera by Carlo Coccia, libretto by Gaetano Rossi
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Gmina Tolkmicko
__NOTOC__
Gmina Tolkmicko is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Tolkmicko, which lies approximately north of Elbląg and north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 6,670 (out of which the population of Tolkmicko amounts to 2,731, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 3,939).
The gmina contains part of the protected area called Elbląg Upland Landscape Park.
Villages
Apart from the town of Tolkmicko, Gmina Tolkmicko contains the villages and settlements of Biała Leśniczówka, Bogdaniec, Brzezina, Chojnowo, Janówek, Kadyny, Kamienica Elbląska, Kamionek Wielki, Kikoły, Łęcze, Nadbrzeże, Nowinka, Ostrogóra, Pagórki, Pęklewo, Pogrodzie, Połoniny, Przybyłowo, Przylesie, Rangóry, Suchacz, Święty Kamień, Wodynia and Wysoki Bór.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Tolkmicko is bordered by the city of Elbląg and by the gminas of Elbląg, Frombork, Milejewo, Młynary and Sztutowo. It also lies next to the Vistula Lagoon.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Tolkmicko
Category:Elbląg County
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Prison Break (season 5)
The fifth season of Prison Break (also known as Prison Break: Resurrection) is a limited event television series and a revival of the original series created by Paul Scheuring that aired on Fox from 2005 to 2009. The season is produced by 20th Century Fox Television in association with Adelstein/Parouse Productions and Original Film. Paul Scheuring serves as showrunner, with himself, Marty Adelstein, Neal H. Moritz and Dawn Olmstead, Vaun Wilmott, Michael Horowitz and Nelson McCormick serving as executive producers. McCormick also serves as director. The season premiered on April 4, 2017, and concluded on May 30, 2017, consisting of 9 episodes.
Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell reprise their respective roles as Michael Scofield and Lincoln Burrows, while Sarah Wayne Callies, Amaury Nolasco, Paul Adelstein, Robert Knepper and Rockmond Dunbar also return from the original series. New cast additions include Mark Feuerstein, Inbar Lavi, Augustus Prew, Marina Benedict, Rick Yune and Steve Mouzakis. A pilot was ordered in August 2015 and the series was greenlit in January 2016. Production on the series began in April 2016 and filming took place in Vancouver and the Moroccan cities of Rabat, Casablanca, and Ouarzazate.
Premise
Seven years after his apparent death, Michael Scofield resurfaces in the notorious Ogygia Prison in Sana'a, Yemen, under the name Kaniel Outis. As the country is engulfed by war, two of Michael's old friends, his brother Lincoln Burrows and fellow Fox River escapee Benjamin "C-Note" Franklin, risk their lives by traveling to Yemen to bring Michael home. Back in the United States, Michael's wife Sara, now remarried, is hunted by agents of an operative known as Poseidon, the one responsible for Michael's disappearance.
Cast
Main
Wentworth Miller as Michael Scofield / Kaniel Outis
Dominic Purcell as Lincoln Burrows
Sarah Wayne Callies as Sara Tancredi-Scofield
Paul Adelstein as Paul Kellerman
Rockmond Dunbar as Benjamin Miles "C-Note" Franklin
Robert Knepper as Theodore "T-Bag" Bagwell
Amaury Nolasco as Fernando Sucre
Mark Feuerstein as Jacob Anton Ness / Poseidon
Inbar Lavi as Sheba
Augustus Prew as David "Whip" Martin
Recurring
Rick Yune as Ja
Marina Benedict as Emily Blake / A&W
Steve Mouzakis as Van Gogh
Amin El Gamal as Cyclops
Kunal Sharma as Sid
Numan Acar as Abu Ramal
Curtis Lum as Agent Kishida
Crystal Balint as Heather
Waleed Zuaiter as Mohammad al-Tunis
TJ Ramini as Cross
Akin Gazi as Omar
Christian Michael Cooper as Mike Scofield
Episodes
Production
Development
On January 12, 2015, at the 2015 Winter TCA Press Tour, Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell revealed the possibility that Fox was interested in bringing back Prison Break, with Miller stating: "We actually floated the idea to Fox very casually and they seemed very not casual about this interest. They seemed to think there was something there." Purcell concluded by adding, "It's something that Fox is, as Wentworth said, potentially excited about."
On January 17, 2015, Fox Television Group chairman and CEO Gary Newman made it clear that they would love to bring Prison Break back for another run, although Fox had nothing to report. Newman himself stated, "There's some speculation in the press at Prison Break and we've made it clear at the studio that we'd bring Prison Break back at the studio [...] It's the perfect event series. But at the moment, we have nothing else to report."
On June 2, 2015, it was reported that a limited series revival of Paul Scheuring's Prison Break was in development at Fox.
On August 6, 2015, Fox confirmed a 10-episode order for the revival. The limited series is a sequel to the original series, taking place several years later, and features Miller and Purcell reprising their roles as well as the return of other original characters. Fox Television Group chairman and CEO Dana Walden herself stated that Prison Break has performed particularly well internationally and on SVOD platforms such as Netflix. Walden added that: "a logical and believable explanation to why the characters are alive and still moving around the world [...]" Walden said. "The brothers and some of the iconic characters will be back, and it will address some questions that were set up at the end of the series for a new audience."
On January 15, 2016, Fox officially ordered the revival to series, with the episode order revised to nine episodes, though Fox declined to announce how many episodes the series will run. The original producing team of creator Paul Scheuring, Neal Moritz, Marty Adelstein and Dawn Olmstead were all confirmed as to return for the event series as executive producers, with Scheuring writing and serving as showrunner.
Writing
On August 7, 2015, it was announced that creator and executive producer Paul Scheuring would be writing the first episode as well as a style/tone bible for other writers to follow.
Casting
On January 15, 2016, stars Wentworth Miller and Dominic Purcell were confirmed to be reprising their roles as brothers Michael Scofield and Lincoln Burrows.
On February 22, 2016, it was reported that Mark Feuerstein would play Scott Ness (later changed to Jacob Ness), the husband of Dr. Sara Tancredi, a Professor of Economics (game theory) at Cornell who has been described as, "dubious of the government but still has a bit of fight in him when it comes to taking them on." Additionally, on February 22, 2016, it was confirmed that Sarah Wayne Callies was in talks to reprise her role in the follow-up along with Robert Knepper, Rockmond Dunbar and Amaury Nolasco, although there were no deals in place with any of them at that time.
On March 9, 2016, Augustus Prew, Rick Yune and Steve Mouzakis were cast for "heavily recurring roles". Prew plays "funny, crazy and pretty damn sharp" Whip; Yune plays Ja, who is described as a "Korean identity thief, who disheveled appearance belies his genius"; and Mouzakis plays Van Gogh, "a bad-ass nut-job". On March 9, 2016, Sarah Wayne Callies was confirmed to be returning as Sara Tancredi. On March 16, 2016, Amin El Gamal was cast in a recurring role, playing Cyclops.
On March 17, 2016, it was announced that original stars Robert Knepper, Amaury Nolasco and Rockmond Dunbar would be reprising their respective roles as T-Bag, Sucre and C-Note, respectively. On March 21, 2016, Paul Adelstein was confirmed to be reprising his role as Paul Kellerman. On March 21, 2016, Inbar Lavi, Marina Benedict and Kunal Sharma were cast in major recurring roles. Lavi plays Sheba, an operator/fixer/activist who becomes involved with Burrows. Benedict is A&W, "a crazed and fearless villainess who is unconcerned about her physical well-being but ruthless and efficient in completing her deadly goals", and Sharma plays Sid, a man in prison. On April 22, 2016, it was announced that Faran Tahir would play Jamil, whom Tahir describes as "a man who has an inner conflict which again is something I love experimenting with."
In July 2016, it was revealed that William Fichtner would not be reprising his role as Alexander Mahone. Robert Knepper told Digital Spy that "[writer] Paul Scheuring loves Bill Fichtner and I love Bill Fichtner. He's a brilliant actor – but Paul honestly said to me, 'I don't know what to do with that character'. He didn't want to just bring everybody back, so that the audience go, 'Oh, look, it's Bill Fichtner again!' – he honestly thought, 'I'm not sure where to do that in the plot.' So if someday there's another chapter of this, maybe then Bill will be back. But I think the characters that are there, each of our moments that we have, are key to the storytelling, which is how it should be."
Filming
Production on the season began in April 7, 2016, in Vancouver, once Miller and Purcell completed filming for Legends of Tomorrow. Filming concluded in Vancouver on July 11, 2016. On June 1, 2016, Dominic Purcell was almost killed on set in Morocco, after an iron bar used as a set piece had fallen onto his head, which caused a broken nose and a head injury. Purcell was immediately airlifted from Marrakesh to Casablanca for treatment where he recovered. Filming of the series was not substantially disrupted due to the accident.
Music
Composer Ramin Djawadi stated that he would definitely like to return and work on the new season of Prison Break, after learning of the news of the possible revival, to which further stated, "I literally just heard it, so it's news for me. It's very exciting because the show was such a good show but nobody has contacted me at this point." Djawadi later added, "Most likely, if my schedule allows - that show was very close to me. I loved all the people involved. I thought it was an incredible show. Absolutely." In June 2016, it was confirmed that Djawadi would return as composer for season five.
Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 53% based on 32 reviews, with an average score of 5.94/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Prison Break recaptures some of its old urgency in its return, but familiar faces and frenetic action aren't enough to make up for a plot that manages to bore while beggaring belief." On Metacritic, the season has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Ratings
Home media release
The event series was released on Blu-ray and DVD on June 27, 2017. Special features include a behind-the-scenes featurette, "A Return Home: The Making of Prison Break Event Series".
References
External links
Category:Prison Break
Category:Prison Break episodes
Category:2017 American television seasons
Category:Terrorism in television
Category:Television shows set in Yemen
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Toxotomimus baladicus
Toxotomimus baladicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Xavier Montrouzier in 1861.
References
Category:Zygocerini
Category:Beetles described in 1861
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Piliv
Piliv is a village in Tehsil Malshiras in Solapur district in the state of Maharashtra, India.
Location
Geography
Piliv is located on Satara Solapur road, 44 km west of Pandharpur, India. Karmveer bhaurao patil &Ramesh khalipe junior college in piliv
References
Category:Cities and towns in Solapur district
Category:Villages in Solapur district
Waghmare farmhouse check on google map
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David Mercer (Royal Marines officer)
Major General Sir David Mercer, (1 July 1864 – 1 July 1920) was a Royal Marines officer who served as Adjutant-General Royal Marines.
Military career
Mercer was commissioned into the Royal Marine Light Infantry in 1883.
He became commander of the 1st Royal Naval Brigade in 1914 and saw action in France before taking part in the Gallipoli landings in June 1915 during the First World War. The plan had been for Mercer to become military governor of Imbros but, after fierce fighting, he was evacuated from Gallipoli in December 1915.
He went on to be Assistant Adjutant-General in September 1911 and Adjutant-General Royal Marines in June 1916; however he died in office, from illness contracted while serving in Gallipoli. He was buried in Hamilton Road Cemetery, Deal.
Personal life
Mercer married Katherine F. Laurence, who survived him. He died on his 56th birthday of heart failure following an operation.
References
Sources
Category:1864 births
Category:1920 deaths
Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Category:Royal Marines generals
Category:Royal Marines personnel of World War I
Category:People from Islington (district)
Category:Military personnel from London
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USS Altair
USS Altair, USNS Altair, or SS Altair has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:
, a destroyer tender in commission from 1921 to 1946
(ex-SS Aberdeen Victory), in commission as a cargo ship (AK-257) from 1952 to 1953 and as a stores issue ship (AKS-32) from 1953 to 1969
, ex-USNS Altair (T-AK-291), a fast sealift ship placed in non-commissioned service in the Military Sealift Command in 1985 and in reserve since 2008
Category:United States Navy ship names
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Oka Pellam Muddu Rendo Pellam Vaddu
Oka Pellam Muddu Rendo Pellam Vaddu (English: One Wife is enough don't have Second Wife) is 2004 Telugu, Comedy film produced by Dammalapati Srinivasa Rao on Sai Krishna Productions banner and directed by Kongarapi Venkata Ramana. Starring Rajendra Prasad, Raasi, Gurleen Chopra in the lead roles and music composed by Vandemataram Srinivas. The film recorded as flop at the box office.
Plot
Harischandra (Rajendra Prasad) is a very loyal & truthful middle-class person but his wife Satya (Raasi) creates a separate world where feeling herself as rich & wealthy they have a kid. Once Satya's brother Sarath (Surya) visits their house and in the talk he promises a bounty of Rs. 1 crore to the couple if give birth to a girl and also get married to his son after grown up. Satya approaches to a renowned Swamiji and seeks his blessings for the baby girl he advises her that they should start a vow of telling lies to everybody, first Hari doesn’t agree to it but even Satya tries to commit suicide he also agrees for the vow. As the situation had it, Hari has to meet his childhood friend Krishna (Krishna Bhagawan) due to the vow he lies that he has not married, so Krishna arranges his sister Meena’s (Gurlin Chopra) marriage with Hari. Due to Meena’s father is in his last stage the situation lands up that Hari has to suddenly marry Meena. He brings Meena to the house and introduces Satya as a servant. The remaining story is how Hari manages between two wives.
Cast
Rajendra Prasad as Hari Chandra
Raasi as Satya
Gurleen Chopra as Meena
Brahmanandam
Sunil
Tanikella Bharani as Sarvarayudu
Venu Madhav
Krishna Bhagawan as Krishna
Surya as Sarath
Rama Prabha
Jayalalita
Radhika Chowdary
Junior Relangi
Jeeva
Jenny
Soundtrack
Music composed by Vandemataram Srinivas. Music Released on Supreme Music Company.
References
Category:Indian films
Category:2000s Telugu-language films
Category:Indian comedy films
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Lound Lakes
Lound Lakes is a 113 hectare nature reserve between Browston Green and Hopton in Suffolk. It is owned by Essex and Suffolk Water and managed by the Suffolk Wildlife Trust.
Habitats in this site include open water, woodland, grassland, rush pasture and fen meadow. Over 140 bird species have been recorded there, including hobbies, geese, ducks, reed warblers, gadwalls and oystercatchers. Brown long-eared and noctule bats are also present.
There is access from various points including Hall Road and Hobland Road.
References
Category:Suffolk Wildlife Trust
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Perfect Blue (TV series)
is a 2012 Japanese television drama series. It is based on the novel Perfect Blue by Miyuki Miyabe.
It debuted on 8 October 2012. The theme song of the series was sung by Kou Shibasaki.
Cast
Miori Takimoto as Kayoko Hasumi
Aya Hirayama as Nana Kimizuka
Kensei Mikami as Shunichi Miyamoto
Kumiko Shiratori as Momoko Nagashima
Taishi Nakagawa as Shinya Morooka
Haori Takahashi as Itoko Hasumi
Kaori Asō as Ruriko Ejima
Eiichiro Funakoshi as Masa (voice)
Toshie Negishi as Michiko Miura
Tetsu Watanabe as Tetsu Fujinaga
Yasufumi Terawaki as Yūsuke Shiina
Naomi Zaizen as Kyōko Hasumi
References
External links
パーフェクト・ブルー(2012) at allcinema
Category:Japanese drama television series
Category:2012 Japanese television series debuts
Category:Tokyo Broadcasting System television dramas
Category:Television programs based on novels
Category:2012 Japanese television series endings
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Armley Park
Armley Park, (also known as Gott's Park), is a large public park located next to Stanningley Road in Armley, on the outskirts of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, Northern England.
The park stretches from Armley all the way down the hill to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, near the canal the park turns to dense woodland.
The park has many amenities, including:
Football pitches.
Tennis courts.
Basketball courts.
Children's playground.
Municipal Gardens.
The park is sometimes referred to as Gott's park after the famous industrialist Benjamin Gott who was born, lived, died and was buried in Armley. The park contains Benjamin Gott's former home, Gotts Park Mansion, now the clubhouse of Gott's Park Golf Club. The golf course is on the side of the hill and consequently has some extremely difficult holes.
The park has several grade II listed features including;
The gate piers at the entrance on Stanningley Road.
The War Memorial.
The Fountain and associated plaques.
External links
Category:Armley
Category:Listed buildings in Leeds
Category:Parks and commons in Leeds
Category:Tourist attractions in Leeds
Category:Grade II listed buildings in West Yorkshire
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Academy Award for Best Dance Direction
The Academy Awards for Best Dance Direction was presented from 1935 to 1937, after which it was discontinued.
Winners and nominees
References
Dance Direction
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Wong Xiang Yi
Wong Xiang Yi is an artist from Malaysia, born in 1987. She graduated from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), finishing her bachelor's degree of Art in the Fine Arts Department in 2010. In 2016, she completed her master's degree of Fine Arts, majoring in Chinese Ink Painting, in Taipei National University of the Arts (TNUA).
She is notable for her artwork related to "Boy's Love" (BL). Due to the Influence by the Japanese comics "BL", Wong expresses her dissatisfaction on the current society's gender differentiation system with her brushes, showing the desire for Utopian love.
Wong's artwork are published and appreciated in numerous exhibitions, held in Hong Kong, Taipei and London respectively. With her distinctive style and perspectives, Wong also gains the recognition by the industry and wins significant awards.
Background
Wong Xiang Yi was born in Malaysia but instead, she studied and grew up in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Therefore, she is deeply affected by different culture of arts from different places. In Malaysia, there are limited resources for her to know more about art. When she started her bachelor's degree in Fine Arts in Hong Kong, she earned a brand new way of understanding and exploring art due to the different culture and social value. Besides, she was able to reach the information related to Japanese popular culture, which mainly contributes to shape her value judgement.
With the support of family, Wong is determined in her art career. As a young contemporary artist, Wong has been passionate in devoting and showing her significance to the Hong Kong contemporary art, by participating in exhibitions in Hong Kong throughout the past few years.
Style
Wong's creation is deeply affected by Japanese pop culture (manga), especially “Boy's Love” (which is also called YAOI in Japanese) Her works is inspired by her feminist tendencies. She takes particular offense at the notion that her current exploration of gender, sexuality and ambiguity must stem from some level of female gender related dissatisfaction. However, there is no negativity reflected in her creation. Indeed, she aims to provide neutral idea to let audience imagine and interpret in their unique way. Through Wong's creation, we can see her focus on fantasy and love (the “love-imagination”), romance and the ambiguity. She always paint boys in a soft and weak expression because she believes gender is not the main focus while human are medium of transferring emotion. For the medium that Wong used, she is good at using Gongbi as she believes it is the most suitable tool to express her feeling on the canvas. Wong mentions in her interview with the Arthongkong.net, "However, to me it is the simplest and most honest of the styles to adopt in order to present the mental state (internal emotion) of an artist." Gongbi undeniably is a painting technique that has long tradition and history, like other Chinese painting styles. Wong uses this traditional painting method, with her fabulous skills to reflect her unique contemporary thinking. This shows her significance, of reserving Gongbi, such a traditional tool of China. At the same time, her unique thinking also brings to the society a different point of view.
Career
Starting to study Fine Arts in the CUHK, Wong started her path to become an artist in 2006. Throughout the 11 years of being an artist, Wong participated in a total of 23 exhibitions, in terms of solo and joint exhibition, including 3 solo exhibitions. Wong shows her active participation in the art industry since she participated in at least one exhibition every year, consecutively in 10 years since her first exhibition in 2007.
Wong has been unique in terms of her artwork and especially her perspective of seeing love and gender, and her talent is recognized by the art industry. She has won numerous awards in the previous, including significant awards such as the Hong Kong Chinese Meticulous Painting Association Creative Award in 2009 and the Grotto Creation Awards (2010). Last but not least, in 2014, Wong has been one of the brilliant and promising artists on the "100 Painters of Tomorrow" , written by Kurt Beers, published by Thames & Hudson, which implies the recognition and the appreciation from the international committees. The 100 Painters were chosen based on their artwork, among around 4300 applicants, which can show how talented and brilliant she is and how she can stand out from the crowd of artist in the dimension of Contemporary art.
Here is a summarized table of exhibitions where her artwork were published.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Malaysian artists
Category:Malaysian women artists
Category:Malaysian women illustrators
Category:1987 births
Category:Chinese University of Hong Kong people
Category:Hong Kong artists
Category:Hong Kong women artists
Category:Hong Kong women illustrators
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Gregory G. Nadeau
Gregory G. Nadeau became the Acting Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration on July 30, 2014, where he served as the agency’s Deputy Administrator since 2009. He carried out all the duties of the Federal Highway Administrator since December 30, 2013, when Victor Mendez began serving as Acting Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation. He was officially sworn in as Federal Highway Administrator on August 11, 2015 and continued in this position until President Trump's inauguration on January 20, 2017, when he resigned to work in the private sector.
Nadeau also served on the USDOT Freight Policy Council. The Council advises the Secretary on the development and implementation of MAP-21 freight policy provisions, including the National Freight Policy, advances the President’s National Export Initiative, and at the request of the Chair, makes recommendations to the Secretary regarding freight policy issues.
Prior to joining FHWA, Nadeau served as the Maine Department of Transportation’s (MaineDOT) Deputy Commissioner for Policy, Planning and Communications. In this role, he was responsible for state and federal policy, statewide transportation system planning, communications, freight and business services, and passenger transportation. He also advocated for and lead efforts to approach transportation planning on a systems basis utilizing all modes, and minimizing impact on communities and the environment through integrated regional and community based planning.
Nadeau also served as senior policy advisor to Governor (now Senator) Angus King from 1995 to 2002 and was responsible for a number of policy areas, including transportation, economic development, energy and utilities, environmental protection and labor. From 1979 to 1990, he represented the city of Lewiston in the Maine House of Representatives.
Elections
1978 Primary Election
1978 General Election
1980 Primary Election
1980 General Election
1982 Primary Election
1982 General Election
1984 Primary
1984 General Election
References
External links
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:United States Department of Transportation officials
Category:Obama administration personnel
Category:Members of the Maine House of Representatives
Category:Politicians from Lewiston, Maine
Category:Administrators of the Federal Highway Administration
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Chloromethane (data page)
This page provides supplementary chemical data on chloromethane.
Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommended that you seek the Safety data sheet (SDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. SDS for chloromethane is available at SUPELCO INC
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.
Spectral data
References
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.
Disclaimer applies.
Category:Chemical data pages
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Clarkson Memorial
The Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England commemorates Thomas Clarkson (1760 – 1846), a central figure in the campaign against the slave trade in the British empire, and a former native of Wisbech. It is a Grade II* listed building.
The memorial consists of a statue mounted on a platform. Above this, rises a canopy, in the form of a spire. The whole structure is 68 feet (20.6 m) high. On three of the four sides are carved bas-reliefs, representing William Wilberforce and Granville Sharp, both prominent figures in the campaign against the slave trade, and a manacled slave in a beseeching attitude. The fourth side bears an inscription to the memory of Clarkson.
History
Clarkson was born in the town in 1760, the son of the Rev. John Clarkson (1710–1766). He attended Wisbech Grammar School where his father was headmaster before going on to St Paul's School in London in 1775. His prize winning essay "Is it right to make slaves of others against their will ?", written whilst at St John's College, Cambridge was a turning point in his life, culminating in him turning the abolition campaign into "one of the major issues of the day". The Wisbech & Fenland Museum houses Clarkson's chest which contains examples of 18th century African textiles, seeds and leatherwork which he used to illustrate his case for direct trade with Africa in place of the slave trade.
The memorial is in Bridge Street, on the South Brink of the River Nene. It is on the site of the old Customs House, built in 1801, which itself replaced the Butter Market. In 1856 the Old Bridge was rebuilt, and the Customs House pulled down to make way for the bridge improvements. In 1880, when work started on the Clarkson Memorial the location was chosen because of its central position.
The Clarkson Memorial cost £2,035, and was paid for primarily by a large donation from the Peckover family, local Quaker philanthropists. The shortfall was made up by public subscriptions. Work started on 28 October 1880 and the statue was unveiled on 11 November 1881 by Sir Henry Brand, speaker of the House of Commons and MP for Cambridgeshire.
The design was an adaption of one by Sir George Gilbert Scott RA, who first put forward his design in 1875. He was a brother of the Rev John Scott, vicar of St Peter's, Wisbech, 1867-86. The monument falls into a tradition of Gothic monuments for which Scott was largely responsible; his work in this line included the Martyrs' Memorial (1841-3) in Oxford, and the Albert Memorial (1876) in Hyde Park. Responsibility for the execution of the monument was assumed by John Oldrid Scott after his father's death.
A four-year renovation project was completed in 2011 and a new supplicant panel installed to coincide with the 130th anniversary of the building of the monument.
The monument is used as the saluting point for the Remembrance Day parade.
References
External links
Clarkson Memorial at Night
Category:Wisbech
Category:Monuments and memorials in Cambridgeshire
Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1881
Category:George Gilbert Scott buildings and structures
Category:Grade II* listed buildings in Cambridgeshire
Category:1881 establishments in England
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Them (Themselves album)
Them is the first studio album by American hip hop duo Themselves. It was originally released under the name Them on Anticon in 2000. In 2003, it was re-released under the name Themselves.
Critical reception
Thomas Quinlan of Exclaim! gave the album a favorable review, calling it "a classic hip-hop album that is destined to forever burst the boundaries of what should be considered hip-hop." Ali Maloney of The Skinny said: "Despite the seemingly simple beats and raps configuration, there is no shortage of jaw-dropping pyrotechnics and originality on show here."
In 2015, Fact placed it at number 96 on the "100 Best Indie Hip-Hop Records of All Time" list.
Track listing
References
External links
Category:2000 debut albums
Category:Themselves albums
Category:Anticon albums
Category:Albums produced by J. Rawls
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Captive Heart (song)
"Captive Heart" is a song by American Tejano pop singer Selena. It was the second promotional single released from Dreaming of You (1995), behind "God's Child (Baila Conmigo)". It was written by Mark Goldenberg and Kit Hain, and was produced by Guy Roche. Recording sessions took place at Selena's father, Abraham Quintanilla, Jr.'s recording studio Q-Productions and at several other locations. The song was given mixed reviews by music critics. "Captive Heart" is an electropop song performed in a rhythmical pop groove.
Production and composition
"Captive Heart" was recorded at Bananaboat Studios in Burbank, California in January 1995, Q-Productions in Corpus Christi, Texas and at Conway Studios in North Hollywood. It was written by Mark Goldenberg and Kit Hain, and was produced by Guy Roche. It was mixed by Nathaniel "Mick" Guzuaski, engineered by Mario Lucy, Brian "Red" Moore and Mona Suchard who also was credited at the assistant engineer. American singer Donna De Lory was the backing vocalist for "Captive Heart". Recording sessions had taken nearly less than a week to complete the song.
"Captive Heart" is an electropop song performed in a rhythmical R&B pop groove. It draws influences from synthpop, fast rock, dance-pop and electronic dance music. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, the song is composed in the key of D major with a time signature in common time, and with a moderate groove of 91 beats per minute.
Critical reception
Vibe editor Ed Morales compared both Evelyn "Champagne" King and "Wherever You Are" (duet with the Barrio Boyzz) with the song "Captive Heart". While, according to the Chicago Tribune, "Captive Heart" was destined for urban-contemporary radio. Leonard Charles of Miami Today, commented on "Captive Heart"s lack of impact on the Hot 100, stating that the song would have been stronger if EMI Records had promoted the single extensively. Charles also commented that he believes that the record company didn't put in much effort on the song but believed that EMI had only put in effort on singles "Dreaming of You" and "I Could Fall in Love". Benson Ramos of The Gaston Gazette believed "Captive Heart" wasn't "crossover potential". Steven Washington of Aurora Sentinel praised the song's "electronic feels" and "Latin flavors" that it brings to the song. Sabrina Moore of Corsicana Daily Sun, disliked the song because it felt "unoriginal" but commented that Selena could have done better in another Latin flavored ballad.
The Daily Vault believed Selena made a mistake with "Captive Heart", stating that "the song was a surprising and painful flaw, because it showcases a mistake of exerting too much throat, which many popular singers currently do". The Daily Vault instated that it was a one-way ticket to voice destruction. Mario Tarradell of The Dallas Morning News stated while reviewing "I'm Getting Used To You" that the songs "are a bit more uptempo, bordering on that New Jill Swing sound popularized by Mary J. Blige and Jade".
Track listing
U.S. Promo Single (1995)
"Captive Heart" – 4:23-4;18
U.S. Cassette Single (1995)
"Captive Heart" – 4:23
Credits and personnel
All credits were taken from the album's liner notes.
Selena – vocals, backing vocals
Donna De Lory – back-up singer
Mark Goldenberg – writer
Kit Hain – writer
Juan Figueroa, Arnold Hain – synthesizers
José Behar – co-producer
Guy Roche – producer
Nathaniel "Mick" Guzuaski – audio mixer
Mario Lucy – engineer
Brain "Red" Moore – engineer
Mona Suchard – engineer and assistant engineer
See also
List of Selena songs
Selena singles discography
References
Category:1995 singles
Category:Selena songs
Category:Synthpop songs
Category:Songs released posthumously
Category:1995 songs
Category:Songs written by Mark Goldenberg
Category:EMI Records singles
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Elijah Ngurare
Dr Tjitunga Elijah Ngurare is a Namibian politician and academic at the University of Namibia who served as the Secretary General of the SWAPO Party Youth League since 2007. In 2012, he was re-elected unopposed for a second term. In 2015 he was expelled from Swapo alongside Affirmative Repositioning founder Job Amupanda and lost his position in the party's youth wing. However, following a lengthy court process that took two years, he was reinstated after appealing in the High Court of Namibia.
Education
He studied at Kolin Foundation Secondary School in Namibia, where he served as Student Representative Council (SRC) president, among other positions. He studied at the Central State University, Ohio (USA) with a Presidential Honours Scholarship, where he served as a tutor in the English Writing Lab, as a senator on Student Government and was founder, and president of the International Students Association. He graduated Magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in Water Resources Management and International Relations. While studying in Ohio, he spent his summers in New Mexico and Texas, working as a counselor at Camp Balcones Springs near Austin, Texas, as a laborer on road construction with the Armstrong Construction Company, and as a dishwasher at Taco Bell, where he was named Employee of the Month after only two weeks.
He then pursued a Master of Laws from the University of Dundee, Scotland, where he held a British Chevening Scholarship. He has completed a thesis entitled “Establishing Environmental Law in Developing Economies on the basis of Selected Principles of International Environmental Law: The Southern African Development Community Case Study” under the supervision of Dr. Owen McIntyre. He has presented papers at a number of national and international conferences and during his studies he traveled extensively throughout Southern Africa, China and India. Ngurare successfully completed his thesis in April 2009 and was conferred with his PhD on 18 June 2009 from the National University of Ireland, Cork, Republic of Ireland.
Political career
Ngurare's political activeness began in 1983 at Nkurenkuru High School and continued at Linus Shashipapo Secondary School where he was a student during the founding of the student movement Namibia National Students Organisation in 1984. He held various student positions and was active in Section, Branches and District Leadership of SWAPO Party Youth League. Ngurare rose to political prominence as Secretary of Information, Publicity and Mobilisation of the SWAPO Party Youth League (SPYL) under Paulus Kapia in 2002 before becoming its secretary general in 2007, and being subsequently re-elected in 2012 for a second term unopposed respectively.
He is serving on the board of directors at Namdeb Holdings (Pty) Ltd, Namdeb Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd, Africa Online (Pty) Ltd, MultiChoice Namibia, Kalahari Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Namibia Water Corporation Ltd.
Personal life
He was born in a peasant family at Nkurenkuru during the South African Border War. His father had four wives and his mother was the youngest in the union. As a little boy, he looked after his father’s cattle and goats like all other boys at the time. Ngurare is the first born to his mother’s nine children. Ngurare is married to Albertina Mbute Ngurare and has four children. He is Lutheran by religion and an ardent church goer.
References
External links
*Ngurare |NID Namibia Institute of Democracy
Category:1970 births
Category:Living people
Category:Alumni of the University of Dundee
Category:People from Kavango Region
Category:SWAPO politicians
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Peter Kerr-Smiley
Peter Kerr Kerr-Smiley (22 February 1879 – 23 June 1943) was a Northern Irish Member of Parliament.
He was born at Larne as Peter Kerr Smiley, the second son of Sir Hugh Smiley, 1st Baronet. He was educated at Eton College and Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He commissioned a second lieutenant in the 21st Lancers on 5 May 1900, promoted to lieutenant on 15 December 1900, and from 1901 to 1902 served on the staff during the Second Boer War in South Africa. After the end of hostilities in May 1902, he left Cape Town the following month. He resigned his commission in 1905, but later reached the rank of Major in the 14th Battalion Royal Irish Rifles.
In 1905 he adopted the surname of Kerr-Smiley, and the same year married Maud Simpson, daughter of Ernest L. Simpson, a British shipbuilder, and sister of Ernest Aldrich Simpson. They had two children:
Cyril Hugh Kerr-Smiley (1906–1980; married Agnes Sorell-Cameron)
Elizabeth Maud Kerr-Smiley (1907–2006; married architectural historian Christopher Hussey)
Kerr-Smiley was a Unionist in politics, and Chairman of the Belfast newspaper The Northern Whig. He unsuccessfully stood for South Down at the General Election of 1906, but was elected for North Antrim in January 1910 and represented the constituency until 1922.
Kerr-Smiley's London house was at 31 Belgrave Square, and he was a member of the Carlton Club, the Marlborough Club and the Cavalry Club.
References
Michael Stenton and Stephen Lees (eds), Who's Who of British Members of Parliament Volume III 1919–1945, Brighton 1979, p. 196-197
External links
Category:1879 births
Category:1943 deaths
Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Antrim constituencies (1801–1922)
Category:UK MPs 1910–1918
Category:UK MPs 1918–1922
Category:People educated at Eton College
Category:Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Category:21st Lancers officers
Category:Royal Ulster Rifles officers
Category:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Category:Irish Unionist Party MPs
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Kelly Jemison
Kelly Jemison is an American academic geologist specializing in Antarctic diatoms. She studied at Florida State University. She has participated in the ANDRILL (ANtarctic geological DRILLing) project. In 2011, she was awarded the Antarctica Service Medal.
Publicity
Publications
Contributions
Kelly Jemison took part in the ANDRILL (ANtarctic geologic DRILLing) project as one of two undergraduate student from Florida State University . A project to find stratigraphic records using Cape Roberts Project. ANDRILL is a collaboration with Germany, Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States to understand the frequency, size, and pace of interglacial and glacial changes in Antarctica.
As a graduate student she studied microfossils at Florida State University.
Accomplishments
Geologist at Bureau of Ocean Energy Management since May 2011 - New Orleans, Louisiana
Education: Florida State University: Graduate Teaching Assistant August 2009-May 2011
Antarctic Marine Geology Research Facility-Florida State University 2005-2007
Florida State University MS Geology and Earth Science 2003-2012
Awards
The Antarctica Service Medal; awarded by the United States Government. Aside from Kelly Jemison, only 11 others were awarded this honour since the award's conception in 1960 by the United States Congress . This distinction recognizes both military service personnel and civilians that served in Antarctica either for research or defence purposes benefitting the United States of America.
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:American women geologists
Category:Geology of Antarctica
Category:21st-century American geologists
Category:21st-century American scientists
Category:21st-century women scientists
Category:Women Antarctic scientists
Category:Antarctic scientists
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) in Daejeon, South Korea was established in 1959 as the sole professional research-oriented institute for nuclear power in South Korea, and has rapidly built a reputation for research and development in various fields. In 1995 KAERI designed and constructed the nation's first multipurpose research reactor, HANARO based on the Canadian MAPLE design. KAERI is dedicated to finding a wide range of uses for atomic energy. As examples, KAERI developed the world's first radiopharmaceutical "Milican injection" for treating liver cancer.
KAERI has made significant contributions to the nation's nuclear technology development. After Korea achieved self-reliance in nuclear core technologies, KAERI have transferred highly developed technologies to local industries for practical applications. The Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS), responsible for supporting the government in regulatory and licensing works, and the Nuclear Environment Technology Institute, responsible for low and medium level radioactive waste management, are also originally spin-offs from KAERI. KAERI established the present KEPCO E&C (full name: KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, INC., formerly: KOPEC), responsible for not only the architect engineering works of nuclear power plants, but also for designing nuclear steam supply systems. KAERI also established the present Korea Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd. (KNFC), responsible for designing and manufacturing PWR as well as PHWR fuels.
See also
Korea University of Science and Technology
External links
KAERI website
Category:Nuclear energy in South Korea
Category:Korea University of Science and Technology
Category:Nuclear organizations
Category:Research institutes in South Korea
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Crataegus viridis
Crataegus viridis, the green hawthorn or southern thorn, is a species of hawthorn that is native to the southeastern United States. The tree tends to grow to be 5–15 meters tall. Forms vary considerably, and many desirable ornamental forms could be selected from the wild. The cultivar 'Winter King' is a well-known selection.
References
External links
" Green Hawthorn, Crataegus viridis L." (Georgia, Southeastern United States)
UConn Plant Database, copyright Mark Brand
viridis
Category:Trees of the Northeastern United States
Category:Trees of the Southeastern United States
Category:Plants described in 1753
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Robin Hood (train)
The Robin Hood is one of the four flagship named passenger trains operated by East Midlands Railway inherited from Midland Mainline in the UK.
History
The first use of the Robin Hood name was on 2 February 1959 when British Railways gave the name to the 0815 from Nottingham to London. Unusually, this avoided Leicester and stopped only at Manton. In the reverse direction however, it also stopped at Bedford, Wellingborough and Kettering.
The train lost its name at the end of the summer 1962 timetable.
As of 2016, there are two trains named the "Robin Hood":
the 0755 train from Nottingham to London St Pancras arriving at 0926 on weekday mornings operated by a 7-car Class 222 Meridian at an average speed of .
the 1615 train from London St Pancras to Nottingham arriving at 1755 on weekday evenings operated by an InterCity 125 HST at an average speed of .
As of 2019, the two trains named the "Robin Hood" were rescheduled to run as:
the 0800 train from Nottingham to London St Pancras arriving at 0938 on weekday mornings operated by a 7-car Class 222 Meridian at an average speed of .
the 1634 train from London St Pancras to Nottingham arriving at 1819 on weekday evenings operated by an InterCity 125 HST at an average speed of .
Neither train runs at weekends.
Prior to the timetable change on 14 December 2008 the Robin Hood was operated by a 7-car Class 222 Meridian on both the outward and return trip.
Other named trains
East Midlands Railway operates three other named trains called:
Master Cutler
South Yorkshireman
Sheffield Continental
See also
Midland Mainline
East Midlands Railway
British Rail Class 222
InterCity 125
References
External links
East Midlands Trains website
National Rail Enquires website - main web portal for UK train fares, times and other travel information
Category:Named passenger trains of the United Kingdom
Category:Railway services introduced in 1958
Category:Railway services discontinued in 1962
Category:British Rail
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