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Lamborghini Super Trofeo
The Lamborghini Super Trofeo is an international motor racing series.
Lamborghini Super Trofeo drivers compete in identical Lamborghini Huracán Super Trofeo Evo cars, based on the Lamborghini Huracán LP 620-2 replacing the older Gallardo version. These championships races are held in North America, Europe, Middle East and Asia, and the World Final at the end of each year reunite all the drivers competing in each region. The drivers are also divided according to categories – Pro, Pro-Am, Am, and LB Cup. In 2020, LEGO released a Super Trofeo as part of the Speed Champions Line.
Championships
International
Lamborghini Super Trofeo World Final (2013– )
Regional
Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe (2009– )
Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia (2012– )
Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America (2013– )
Lamborghini Super Trofeo Middle East (2017– )
Champions
Super Trofeo Europe
Drivers
Teams
Super Trofeo North America
Drivers
Teams
Super Trofeo Asia
Super Trofeo World Final
Young Drivers Program
2015
Alberto Di Folco
Patrick Kujala
Edoardo Liberati
Roman Mavlanov
Shinya Michimi
Patric Niederhauser
Jake Rattenbury
Olly Rae
Afiq (Ikhwan Mohamad) Yazid
Bo Yuan
See also
Ferrari Challenge
Porsche Supercup
Trofeo Maserati
References
External links
Category:Lamborghini Super Trofeo
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Mississippi Marine Brigade
The Mississippi Marine Brigade was a Union Army unit raised during the American Civil War as part of the United States Ram Fleet. These soldiers acted as marines aboard United States Army rams patrolling the Mississippi River. The unit was commanded by members of the Ellet family and was organized as part of the Regular Army instead of a State unit.
Organization
This unit was an army command operating under the direction of the U.S. Navy consisting of artillery, cavalry and infantry and a fleet of boats for transportation and was commanded by Brig. Gen. Alfred W. Ellett.
The unit was organized in early 1863 and consisted of about 350 officers and men, including boat crews which used nine small light-armored boats fitted as rams.
Vicksburg Campaign
The brigade reached the fleet above Vicksburg on 29 May 1863. On 14 June 1863, the unit joined Brig. Gen. Joseph A. Mower's expedition to Richmond, LA and skirmished with the Confederates, losing 3 wounded. On 20 June 1863, Admiral David Dixon Porter reported that two 10-pdr. Parrott rifles placed by the brigade on the Louisiana side of the Mississippi River had much annoyed the Confederates for two or three days. Gen'l Ellett ordered work begun on a casemate fort on the point opposite the city of Vicksburg, MS on 19 June 1863. The fortification was completed in four days being covered with a thickness of railroad iron. A 20-pdr. Parrott gun was emplaced within and opened fire on the city the morning of 23 June 1863. The Confederates responded firing 17 rounds from 5 different guns. The fort was further strengthened by adding another thickness of railroad iron. Fire from the Parrott gun in the fort was maintained until the end of the siege with a total of 98 rounds being expended. Considerable damage to the Confederates was accomplished especially by stopping work at the foundry and machine shop. The fort was repeatedly struck but without material damage and without loss of life. The fort was erected and the gun put into position under the direction of Lt. Col. George E. Currie. The gun was commanded and sighted by Capt. Thomas C. Groshon in person. The brigade also placed a brass Dahlgren in a casemate near the 20-pdr. Parrott. On 25–30 June 1863, a detachment of the brigade on the steamer John Rains, formed a part of an expedition to Greenville, MS under the command of Lt. Col. Samuel J. Nasmith of the 25th Wisconsin Infantry. At Goodrich's Landing on 30 June 1863 the brigade lost 1 officer (Capt. Wright) KIA .
Transfer to Army jurisdiction
A ruling of the Judge-Advocate General, dated 11 Jun 1863, seems to make the brigade a "special contingent of the army and not the navy," but as late as 23 July 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant wrote: "They (the officers and men of the Marine Brigade) are not subject to my orders." By order of the Secretary of War the army assumed full jurisdiction over the brigade in October 1863.
See also
Mississippi River Squadron
Alfred W. Ellet
Charles Ellet, Jr.
Charles R. Ellet
USS Ellet (DD-398)
References
External links
Civil War Rosters MMB
Descriptive Roll of Recruits for Mississippi Marine Brigade
Category:Union Army brigades
Category:Military units and formations established in 1862
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
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Kunzea dactylota
Kunzea dactylota is a flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to a small area of New South Wales. It is a spreading shrub with small, finger-shaped leaves and clusters of white flowers near the end of the branches. It grows at high altitudes on the Southern Tablelands of the state.
Description
Kunzea dactylota is a spreading shrub which grows to a height of about with its branches hairy when young. The leaves are linear in shape, appearing cylindrical, long and less than wide with a petiole less than long. The flowers are arranged in rounded heads of about seven to ten near the ends of the branches which often continue to grow during flowering. There are linear to lance-shaped bracts long and wide and smaller paired bracteoles at the base of the flowers. The floral cup is hairy and about long. The sepal lobes are triangular, about long and hairy. The petals are white, egg-shaped to almost round and about long. There are about 40-50 stamens which are about long. Flowering occurs between November and January.
Taxonomy and naming
Kunzea dactylota was first formally described in 2016 by Hellmut R. Toelken from a specimen collected in the Tinderry Range and the description was published in Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden. The specific epithet (dactylota) is derived from the Ancient Greek word daktylos meaning "finger", referring to the finger-like appearance of the leaves of this species.
Distribution and habitat
This kunzea grows in rocky places in heath with Tingiringi gum (Eucalyptus glaucescens) and snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora), mostly in the Tinderry Range.
References
dactylota
Category:Flora of New South Wales
Category:Myrtales of Australia
Category:Plants described in 2016
Category:Endemic flora of Australia
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Jatynka
Jatynka () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bobolice, within Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately west of Bobolice, south-east of Koszalin, and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.
References
Jatynka
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Hugh and Susie Goff House
The Hugh and Susie Goff House is a historic house located in Jerome, Idaho.
Description and history
The Goff House is a one story building measuring about with a shallow gable roof with close eaves. The gable walls above the one story stone walls are covered with shingles. Roof covering is also shingles. The centered door has symmetrically placed one over one double hung sash on either side. Rough formed concrete lintels cap the windows and doors. The lug window sills are scooped out to emphasize their slope. The coursed rubble stone walls are composed small stones and have tight untooled joints.
This modest home, built , is a significant example of rural vernacular architecture and of the work of stonemason Marland Cox. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 8, 1983 as part of a group of structures in south central Idaho built from local "lava rock".
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jerome County, Idaho
References
External links
Category:1921 establishments in Idaho
Category:Houses completed in 1921
Category:Houses in Jerome County, Idaho
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Jerome County, Idaho
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Optare
Optare () is an English bus manufacturer based in Sherburn-in-Elmet, North Yorkshire. It is a subsidiary of Indian company Ashok Leyland.
History
Formation of Optare
In September 1984, Leyland closed its Charles H Roe vehicle bodywork building business in Leeds. In response, Russell Richardson, a former plant director at Roe, backed by the West Yorkshire Enterprise Board and many redundant former employees, formed Optare in February 1985.
The company was created at a very difficult time for the bus and coach industry, with the challenges of privatisation and deregulation meaning very few orders for new vehicles. The first orders came from the still publicly owned West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (WYPTE) and South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive (SYPTE). The publicly owned but arms-length company Yorkshire Rider, as successor to the WYPTE bus fleet, also took early vehicles.
When the Roe business closed down, WYPTE had an unfulfilled order for five Leyland Olympian coach-seated double-decker buses in place for its Metro coach operation. These five part finished buses went from Roe to Eastern Coach Works as shells for completion, but subsequently ten more were completed as Optare buses but to the Roe design, the first of which was completed in September 1985, the 17th Optare bus body. Five went to WYPTE, and five to its successor Yorkshire Rider, and a further five standard seated Olympians were also delivered to WYPTE, two as convertible open top buses.
The first Optare designed bodies were fourteen Dennis Dominos for the SYPTE built starting in February 1986. Optare also bodied fifteen Leyland Cubs for the WYPTE. A preserved Cub later visited the Optare plant in 2005.
Starting in August 1986, Optare built fifteen minibuses converted from the Freight Rover Sherpa 350 vans for the WYPTE.
Early minibuses
In 1986, Optare introduced the CityPacer minibus. This was based on a heavier version of the Volkswagen LT50 van chassis, to which Optare made modifications prior to bodying. The engine was a six-cylinder 2.4-litre and the body seated 25, with space for a further five standing passengers, a size that met the minibus vogue of the late 1980s. While its competitors looked like the modified vans they were, the CityPacer had attractive styling notable for its large one-piece raked windscreen. London Regional Transport bought 52, and other major operators bought small batches. More than 290 CityPacers were produced in total between 1986 and 1992.
In 1987, the StarRider based on the Mercedes-Benz 811D chassis was introduced. This was a heavier chassis with a proven reliability record and had seating for 33 passengers. London Regional Transport took 123 StarRiders and a total of just under 320 were built between 1987 and 1994.
In an attempt to break into the export market, the ColumboRider was subsequently developed, named after the city of Colombo in Sri Lanka, where the first examples were sold. The ColumboRider was a semi-integral version of the StarRider, based on a chassis made by a consortium including Optare, Japanese technology company Itochu and local Sri Lankan manufacturer Ceylinco. The ColumboRider was replaced by an export version of the MetroRider.
In 1990, Optare bodied thirteen Renault S50 minibuses with a welfare bodywork which has since come to be known as the 9000-series, due to the allocated body numbers. As standard, the 9000-series community transport minibus had a front door, nine passenger seats and a rear tail lift for wheelchair access. All thirteen examples built were delivered to Leeds City Council between March and May 1990, and no further orders were ever placed.
Expansion
In 1988 the first full size Optare product appeared, the Delta. This was a single-deck bus based on the DAF SB220 chassis. The Delta bodywork featured contemporary styling and was aluminium with a bolted frame licensed from Alusuisse. The Delta successfully found a niche in the full-size single deck bus market, which was very limited at that time. Approaching 370 Deltas were built before production ended in 1998.
Dennis had effectively created a new market segment, known as a midibus, with the introduction of the Dennis Dart. Optare soon introduced a competitor, the Vecta, albeit slightly bigger and wider than the Dart at that time, seating 40 in a full width 2.5m body. The chassis was the MAN 11.190 and featured a ZF gearbox and full air suspension. The bodywork was a scaled down version of the Delta.
The CityPacer and StarRider were phased out in the years after Optare purchased the design for the MCW Metrorider in July 1989, rebranding it as the Optare MetroRider. This was a larger design than the CityPacer, and more robust when compared to the StarRider. It was Optare's first venture into fully integral vehicle manufacturing, and became the mainstay of the Optare midi/minbus offering until the low floor Solo was introduced in 1997.
DAF/United Bus
In 1990, Optare joined a group called the United Bus, which included DAF Bus.
Having already used a DAF SB220 chassis on the Delta, now as part of United Bus, Optare collaborated with DAF to design the Optare Spectra. It was based on the modified design of the MCW Metrobus purchased by Optare, and combined parts from it and the SB220 to form a new double deck chassis, designated DB250, with Optare bodywork called Spectra. Due to the United bus relationship and joint design, the Spectra was built exclusively on DB250 chassis. As well as having a striking front end, the Spectra was also recognisable for having no rear window. Introduced in 1990 it was described as a "partly low-floor double-decker". Despite the association with DAF, in 1991 Optare also launched a conventional height midibus in on the MAN 11.180 chassis, the Vecta.
After the collapse of United Bus in 1993, Optare was again returned to independent status with another management buyout. The reaction to the collapse of United Bus was the release in the next two years of two Delta derived single deck buses on different non-DAF chassis, the Sigma and Prisma, the latter being on the Mercedes-Benz O405 chassis which had a generic Mercedes-Benz style front end rather than the recognisable Optare family face.
Optare acquired Autobus Classique in 1996, shortly after the launch of their Nouvelle luxury minicoach. Optare significantly redesigned and rebadged it in 1997 as the Nouvelle 2, and it served similar markets to the StarRider/MetroRider coach versions. Also in 1997 a relationship with a Spanish mini and midi coach manufacturer named Ferqui SL began, with the importation of the Solera luxury midicoach into the UK.
While part of United Bus, Optare also for a time became the exclusive UK dealer for the distinctive full size Bova Futura coach.
Low floor era
Optare began introduction of low-floor buses in the UK in 1995 with the launch of the Optare Excel full size single decker. Although low floor single decker buses had begun to appear as early as 1993. Initially, the Excel used Cummins engines and Allison Transmissions with later examples (Excel 2) having Mercedes-Benz engines available as an option. The introduction of the Excel marked the start of sustained period of selling integral bus products rather than body on chassis combinations, which continued until the Darwen merger briefly brought East Lancs models to the range.
With modifications of the DB250 chassis to become the DB250LF, in 1997, the Spectra became the first fully low-floor double decker bus on offer in the UK.
Also in 1997 the Solo was launched and became a success for Optare. With a unique design of a front axle forward of the door, it allowed a low-floor layout in a very short bus, and also came equipped with kneeling suspension for even greater access. Its styling and innovation led to a Millennium Products award and the Queen's Award for Innovation.
North American Bus Industries
In 2000, Optare was bought by Hungarian owned North American Bus Industries (NABI). This gave Optare products exposure in the North American market, with an export version of the Solo finding success at several US airports and with Miami-Dade Transit in Florida.
The NABI era saw the introduction of the Alero low-floor minicoach in 2001, filling a gap in the market for a low floor vehicle for use on low intensity services such as demand responsive transport, already covered at the higher capacity by the Solo. In 2004 the new derivatives of Solo were introduced offering a longer variant and also a narrower 'SlimLine' model to further capture the market. Also introduced in 2004 was the first new bus model since the Solo, the Tempo, a full size single decker with another striking design, even when considered in the environment of increasingly stylish competitor products.
On 1 August 2005, NABI found itself in financial difficulties, and speculation about the future of Optare was ended with the announcement that Optare had, once again, been acquired by its management. This change did not affect the further roll out of the new range, leading to the Versa and a radically restyled Solo (the Solo SR), both with a distinctive raised part of the roofline towards the front of the bus.
Darwen takeover
On 12 March 2008, Optare was purchased by Jamesstan Investments, an investment company controlled by the Darwen Group's parent company chairman Ron Stanley. Optare initially remained an independent company but by 17 July 2008, a reverse takeover by Darwen Group had been completed. Darwen was the much smaller company, but its Alternative Investment Market listing saw the enlarged Optare gain a stock exchange listing itself as Optare plc. The combined business employs 830 people with a £90 million turnover.
With the respective histories of the two entities, Optare plc can be considered the successor company to the historical British bus manufacturers Charles H Roe (through Optare), founded in Leeds in 1923, and East Lancashire Coachbuilders, (through Darwen), founded in 1934 in Blackburn.
Optare plc
The Optare website was relaunched with a new logo, and with the ex East Lancs Olympus and Esteem models marketed as Optare products. At the time of merger, Optare manufactured buses from three sites, the primary sites being in Leeds (the former Leyland Bus site) and Blackburn (the former East Lancs site), with a further facility in Rotherham.
The merger brought together the single deck and midibus portfolio of Optare, with the primarily double deck order book of Darwen.
After the merger, Optare began rationalisation of its bus manufacturing business. In 2009 the production of Esteem single-deck bodywork was ceased, and the manufacturing site at Rotherham was closed.
Ashok Leyland
In summer 2010, Ashok Leyland (the former Indian subsidiary of British Leyland) bought a 26% stake in Optare. Subsequently, in December 2011 Ashok Leyland increased its stake to 75%.
In 2011, a new fully enclosed 13,000 m² factory opened Sherburn-in-Elmet replacing the Leeds plant. In 2012, the former East Lancs site also closed putting all manufacturing process under one roof. In June 2015, Optare was delisted from the Alternative Investment Market. In October 2017, Ashok Leyland increased its shareholding to 98%, and in 2018 to 99%.
Optare Product Support
The Optare parts and service division Unitec has locations at the former Rotherham factory, as well as in Thurrock, Essex.
Coach imports
As of 2008, the minicoach models Toro, Solera and Soroco were imported by Optare from the Spanish manufacturer Ferqui, and marketed as Optare products. They were luxury minicoach bodies built on Mercedes-Benz chassis, however, due to significantly reduced demand for mini and midi coaches, as part of its restructuring process, Optare took the decision to concentrate on its bus manufacturing activities and the relationship with Ferqui was formally ended in 2012.
Products
Buses
Current
Solo SR; Solo SR EV (2007–present)
Versa, midibus between Solo and Tempo (2006–present)
MetroCity; MetroCity EV, midibus to complement Versa (2012–present)
Tempo SR, full length citybus (2011–present)
MetroDecker, Integral double decker (2014–present)
Discontinued
CityPacer minibus (1985–1992, replaced by the MetroRider)
StarRider minibus (1987–1994, replaced by the MetroRider)
ColumboRider integral variant for export to Sri Lanka (1987–1994, replaced by the MetroRider)
Delta single decker (1988–1999)
MetroRider minibus (1989–2000, replaced by Solo)
9000-series minibus on Renault chassis for Leeds City Council (1990, replaced by the MetroRider)
Spectra double decker (1991–1997, low floor 1997–2005)
Vecta midibus (1991–1997)
Sigma (1994–1996, single-deck version of the Spectra)
Prisma (1995–1998) single decker, Mercedes front
Excel (1995–1999) (Excel 2 1999 - 2004, replaced by Tempo)
Solo low floor midibus (1997-2012, replaced by restyled SR model)
(Solo+ 2008)
(Solo EV 2009- 2012 Replaced by restyled SR EV model)
Alero low floor minibus, (Alero 2001 - 2006, Alero Plus 2006 - 2008)
Esteem single decker (formerly East Lancs Esteem) (2008–2009)
Rapta double decker (2009)
Tempo single decker (2004 - 2011)
Olympus double decker (formerly East Lancs Olympus) (2008 -2011)
Visionaire open-top double decker (formerly East Lancs Visionaire) (2008 -2011)
OmniDekka double decker (formerly East Lancs Omnidekka) (2008-2011, only adopted by Nottingham City Transport)
Coaches
Discontinued
Bonito
Toro
Solera
Soroco
Rapido
Viedo
References
Bus & Coach Buyer issue 990 page 11
External links
Optare's official website
A useful listing of all bodies/complete buses built from 1985 to date
Transport Yorkshire Preservation Group, owners of various preserved Optare vehicles
Dennis Domino Buses, details of Optare's first design
Buszone Optare page details of Optare and Reading Transport
Category:Coachbuilders of the United Kingdom
Category:Companies based in Selby
Category:Companies formerly listed on the Alternative Investment Market
Category:Electric bus manufacturers
Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1985
Category:1985 establishments in England
Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom
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2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship squads
Players in boldface have now been capped at full international level.
Group A
Head coach: José Luis Pavoni
Head coach: David Duncan
Head coach: Zhang Ning
Head coach: Geovanni Alfaro
Group B
Head coach: Gustavo Ferrín
Head coach: Jesús Ramírez
Head coach: Abdullah Avcı
Head coach: Ange Postecoglou
¹ David Williams was initially selected as Australia's number 9, however, because he was part of the Australian squad for the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, and due to a new regulation introduced for the 2005 U-17 World Championship was ruled ineligible to participate.
Group C
Head coach: François Bohe
Head coach: Francesco Rocca
Head coach: Jo Tong Sop
Head coach: John Hackworth
Group D
Head coach: Ruud Kaiser
Head coach: Tini Ruijs
Head coach: Nelson Rodrigues
Head coach: Fred Osam-Duodu
References
Fifa U-17 World Championship Squads, 2005
Category:FIFA U-17 World Cup squads
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Nepal–Spain relations
Nepal–Spain relations are the bilateral and diplomatic relations between these two countries. Nepal has an embassy in Madrid. Spain is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
Diplomatic relations
Nepal maintains full diplomatic relations with Spain since May 14, 1968, however the lack of high-level contacts and visits in recent years, as well as the practical absence of economic and commercial relations means that bilateral relations do not have a broad content.
On September 19, 1983, the Kings of Nepal made a state visit to Madrid, accompanied by the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Padma Bahadur Khatri. Bahadur met with his Spanish counterpart, Fernando Morán. The Kings of Spain, accompanied by Infanta Cristina, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Francisco Fernández Ordonez, traveled to Nepal from November 22 to 25, 1987.
The Minister of Tourism, Culture and Civil Aviation of Nepal, Prithvi Suba Gurung, visited Spain in mid-November 2007 with the aim of promoting business relations and contacting Spanish investors, mainly from the tourism sector. Pampha Bhusal, Nepalese Minister of Social Affairs, traveled to Madrid in early 2008 where he became interested in the operation of the juvenile centers of the regional government and showed interest in the 74 Nepalese minors adopted since 2003 Madrid families.
In accordance with the initiative to deepen relations with Nepal, the Action Plan towards Asia and the Pacific in its third period 2008-2012 seeks to intensify political contacts with the new Government and authorities in Nepal. In addition, the feasibility of AECID financing a cooperation project in support of children and / or promotion of women, which would be presented by the United Nations Population Fund, with an office in Kathmandu, with the support of the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare of Nepal; In this sense, the United Nations has been asked to present a project. In addition, given the importance of adoptions by Spaniards in Nepal in recent years, and the collaboration shown by the Nepalese authorities, it seems appropriate to carry out a cooperation project on the matter, especially taking into account that Nepal needs foreign cooperation to address the situation of existing generalized poverty.
Regarding the work of public diplomacy, the sending of a Casa Asia Friendship mission is included in the program, consisting of the visit of a delegation with the objective of establishing contacts and taking steps to achieve a greater bond with civil societies from that country.
Economic relations
Nepal's GDP created 4.6% in 2012, reaching $19.46 billion, compared to 18.1 billion the previous year. Given its population of 26.6 million inhabitants, the per capita income in 2012 was approximately 1,300 dollars. The foreign sector has been balancing in recent years until reaching a balance (slight surplus) in the current account balance.
Regarding the sectoral distribution of GDP, it can be said that it is an eminently agrarian economy, since agriculture accounts for one third of GDP but employs more than two thirds of the active population. It is also an economy highly dependent on tourism and remittances from Nepalese emigrants.
The services grouped in "Commerce, hotels and restaurants, transport and communications", represent 24.4% of GDP while "financial and real estate" services represent 12.4% of GDP and "social services" 10, 4%. As for the industrial sector, it is noteworthy its low weight in the country's economy.
Manufacturing and construction account for 6.4% and 6.1% of GDP respectively. The difficult political moments that Nepal is going through are reflected in the country's economy, with serious imbalances in all orders. From the internal point of view, its high unemployment stands out (which has led to an increase in emigration: an estimated 700,000 Nepalese work outside the country, which send remittances worth about 1,000 million dollars to the country), their low rate of growth, taking into account that it is a developing country, and its high inflation.
Regarding external imbalances, Nepal has a strong deficit in the balance of goods that must always be compensated with income from tourism and with remittances from emigrants. In some years these two items served to compensate for the deficit in the balance of goods (2008), but in 2009 they were not enough and the current account deficit reached 437 million dollars.
Cooperation
Spain has not initiated, for the moment, projects at the central government level in the field of development cooperation in Nepal. There is no TBT in the Indian territory that manages cooperation, nor regional cooperation agencies at the level of Autonomous Communities. Spanish cooperation in the country is managed multilaterally through different international organizations involved in existing cooperation projects in Nepal, most of which are inserted into the UN system. There are several international organizations for cooperation in Nepal with Spanish participation: UNDP, United Nations Population Fund, UNIFEM, UNIDO, UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNHCR, FAO, World Food Program, ILO, World Bank, IMF , International Committee of the Red Cross. There are also 9 Spanish NGOs acting in Nepalese territory.
References
Spain
Nepal
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Vishambhar Singh Yadav
Vishambhar Singh Yadav (born 1 January 1955) is a Samajwadi Party politician in India. He is second term member of legislative assembly for Baberu in the Uttar Pradesh.
Early life and background
He was born in a small village named Paprenda, in the district of Banda, in Baberu, Uttar Pradesh, India, where his father Maheshwari Singh Yadav was a landlord. He studied in Dayanand Anglo vedic Degree College, Kanpur and gained a master's degree in arts from Kanpur University, Kanpur. He is married to Rama Yadav, with whom he has three sons Vivek, Varun and Gaurav. He is an advocate, agriculturist, politician and social worker.
Political career
Singh Yadav started his career as a student leader of DAV college kanpur and became president of dav college. He became a member of Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly for two times in 2007 and 2012 from Baberu, Banda seat.
References
External links
Personal page on party site
Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Category:Samajwadi Party politicians
Category:People from Banda district, India
Category:1955 births
Category:Living people
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Batman of Zur-En-Arrh
The Batman of Zur-En-Arrh is a fictional character in the DC Comics universe. In this story, the character is the alien Tlano from the planet Zur-En-Arrh.
Publication history
Batman of Zur-En-Arrh first appeared in Batman #113 (February 1958), in a story titled "Batman—The Superman of Planet-X!". It was written by France Herron and drawn by Dick Sprang. In the story, Tlano, the Batman from Zur-En-Arrh, brings Earth's Batman to his planet to help him battle giant robots piloted by an unidentified alien race. While on the planet, Earth's Batman discovers he has "Superman-like" powers through similar means of the Superman of his world. The end of the story leaves it ambiguous to the reader whether Batman's adventure was real or a dream.
2000s
When Grant Morrison took over the Batman series in September 2006, he began referencing classic moments from the character's career, including using a version of Bat-Mite and reusing a costume and dialogue from the then-fifty-year-old Batman #156. Among the references was the "Zur-En-Arrh" phrase, which appears on an alley wall and again on a dumpster in Batman #655 and continues to appear, usually as a background element graffiti, until the Batman R.I.P. story arc begins. The story reveals that the "Zur-En-Arrh" persona is a backup personality created by Bruce Wayne in the event he was ever mentally compromised. The Zur-En-Arrh personality is shown to be more violent and unhinged than Batman's normal persona and is dressed in a costume out of red, yellow, and purple rags referencing the one worn by Tlano.
Fictional character biography
Silver Age
One night, Bruce Wayne finds himself in a daze. He dresses as Batman and takes off in the Batplane while remaining unclear of his own actions. Batman soon finds that he has been teleported to another planet called Zur-En-Arrh. There, he meets the scientist Tlano monitoring his activities on Earth and has decided to become a version of Batman for his own planet. On this planet, the Batman of Earth has enhanced abilities due to the different elements of the alien planet. The two Batmen join forces to defeat giant invading robots piloted by an unidentified alien race. After the robots are destroyed, the Batman of Zur-En-Arrh gives Batman (Bruce Wayne) his Bat-Radia device as a keepsake and returns to Earth.
Modern Age
In the past, the psychiatrist Simon Hurt was hired to oversee an isolation experiment, for which Batman volunteered. During this process, he gave Bruce Wayne a post-hypnotic trigger connected to the phrase "Zur-En-Arrh", young Bruce Wayne's mishearing of his father's last words ("the sad thing is they'd probably throw someone like Zorro in Arkham"). Many years later, Doctor Hurt was working with the Black Glove when they decided to target Batman and his allies, first spreading information to the effect that Batman's father somehow survived his murder by Joe Chill. Then, using the Zur-En-Arrh trigger in conjunction with drugs, he sent a dazed and confused Bruce Wayne onto the streets of Gotham with no memory of his life. In Batman #678, Bruce assembles a makeshift Batman costume of similar style to that worn by Tlano and declares himself "the Batman of Zur-En-Arrh". The character "Bat-Mite" appears on the last page with him, commenting "uh-oh" over Batman's increasing delusions. Bat-Mite then counsels the Zur-En-Arrh Batman, revealed over the course of the story to be a backup personality created after a hallucination Batman suffered when exposed to Professor Milo's gas. It was intended to take over for Bruce Wayne if he was ever psychologically attacked in such a manner as to render Batman out of action. The colorful costume expresses a greater confidence and demonstrates a greater willingness to torture and possibly kill his opponents; on one occasion, the Zur-En-Arrh Batman describes himself as being Batman "when you take Bruce out of the equation". Batman #680 reveals that Bat-Mite is actually a product of Batman's imagination, being Batman's rational side to prevent the unstable Zur-En-Arrh persona from going too far, although he comments that he is from the 5th dimension because "the fifth dimension is imagination".
Costume
The costumes of the two incarnations of the Batman of Zur-En-Arrh are the same, consisting of gaudy, outlandish colors. In the modern continuity, the crazed Bruce Wayne comments that, despite the ostentatiousness of the costume, Robin had dressed this way for years, implying that it reflects the "total confidence" of the Zur-En-Arrh Batman in his ability to attract the attention of his enemies whereas the Earth Batman dresses in dark colors to attack his foes in the shadows.
Skills, abilities, and resources
Tlano possessed much high-tech equipment, owing to his residence on a futuristic planet. His version of the Batmobile had an "atomic-powered" motor, and he flew a rocket-shaped Batplane. His main weapon was the "Bat-radia", with which he could "jam atmospheric molecules", affecting the equipment of his enemies. At the end of the story, Tlano leaves Bruce with the device, which becomes inoperable in Earth's environment.
The Bruce Wayne incarnation also possesses a Bat-radia. This may or may not reflect a continuity between the two stories, as Grant Morrison has made efforts to treat Batman's entire publication history as his backstory. This version of the device scrambled security systems, for instance, overriding and confusing Arkham Asylum's, as well as serving as a tracking device to allow Batman's allies to find him. To add a note of humor to the story, the radia is presented as a "cheap-ass radio" instead of the object seen in the imaginary story, and members of the Black Glove dismiss it as such until they discover its true purpose.
In other media
Television
The Silver Age version of Batman of Zur-En-Arrh appears in the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "The Super Batman of Planet X!" voiced by Kevin Conroy. The Batman of Zur-En-Arrh is the protector of the city of Gothtropolis (an amalgam of Gotham City and Metropolis), and is aided by his robot butler Alpha-Red. When Batman of Earth crash lands on Zur-En-Arrh, he helps the Batman of Zur-En-Arrh stop a mugger. Chancellor Gor-Zonn asks the Batmen to battle giant robots (which are based on robots that they fought in the comics) created by mad scientist Rohtul (voiced by Clancy Brown). During the fight, Batman finds that he has Superman-like powers while on Zur-En-Arrh due to the alien element rhodon. Tlano has a Clark Kent-like identity and is a reporter at the Solar Cycle Newspaper Company (Zur-En-Arrh's version of the Daily Planet), where he works with Vilsi Vaylar (an amalgam of Lois Lane and Vicki Vale, voiced by Dana Delaney). In prison, Rohtul deduces that Batman is from Earth and his powers can be counteracted with quartz. Batman of Zur-En-Arrh comes to Batman's aid and the two defeat Rohtul. The Batman of Zur-En-Arrh makes a cameo appearance in the episode "Night of the Batmen!" alongside other versions of Batman that appear at the end to assist Batman.
Video Games
Batman of Zur-En-Arrh appears as a playable character in Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham (2014), voiced by Troy Baker.
Batman of Zur-En-Arrh appears as an unlockable alternate costume for Batman in Batman: Arkham Knight (2015). It can be unlocked by using a WB Play account to sign up to the Batman: Arkham Knight community at http://community.wbgames.com/t5/Batman-Arkham/ct-p/Batman and then signing in the WB Play Account via Batman: Arkham Knight in-game menu. (No longer available -2019)
Batman of Zur-En-Arrh appears as an unlockable alternate costume for Batman in Doodle Jump: DC Super Heroes (2015). It can be unlocked by getting to level 26.
Batman has two unlockable shaders based on Batman of Zur-En-Arrh in Injustice 2 (2017). The shaders are named "Zur-En-Arrh" and "Zur-En-Arrh (Alternative)".
See also
Alternative versions of Batman
References
Category:Comics characters introduced in 1958
Category:DC Comics martial artists
Category:Fictional scientists
Category:Batman characters
Category:DC Comics aliens
Category:Extraterrestrial superheroes
Category:Characters created by France Herron
Category:Characters created by Dick Sprang
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Telicota
Telicota is a genus of grass skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae. A tropical Asian genus, shared between the Indomalayan ecozone and the Australasian ecozone and ranging from Sri Lanka to Australia and New Guinea. Larval foodplants include Palmae and Gramineae - Miscanthus sinensis, Pennisetum purpureum, Oryza sativa (rice), Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane), Imperata cylindrica (lalang grass), Cocos nucifera (coconut) and Calamus (rattan).
Species
Telicota ancilla (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)
Telicota angiana Evans, 1934
Telicota anisodesma Lower, 1911
Telicota aroa Evans, 1934
Telicota augias (Linnaeus, 1763)
Telicota bambusae (Moore, 1878)
Telicota besta Evans, 1949
Telicota brachydesma Lower, 1908
Telicota brandti Parsons, 1986
Telicota bulwa Parsons, 1986
Telicota colon (Fabricius, 1775)
Telicota doba Evans, 1949
Telicota eurotas (C. Felder, 1860)
Telicota eurychlora Lower, 1908
Telicota gervasa Evans, 1949
Telicota hilda Eliot, 1959
Telicota kaimana Evans, 1934
Telicota kezia Evans, 1949
Telicota laruta Evans, 1934
Telicota linna Evans, 1949
Telicota melanion (Mabille, 1878)
Telicota mesoptis Lower, 1911
Telicota mimena Parsons, 1986
Telicota ohara (Plötz, 1883)
Telicota paceka Fruhstorfer, 1911
Telicota sadra Evans, 1949
Telicota sadrella Parsons, 1986
Telicota subha Fruhstorfer, 1911
Telicota ternatensis Swinhoe, 1907
Telicota torsa Evans, 1934
Telicota vinta Evans, 1949
External links
Telicota at funet
Images representing Telicota at Bold
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Category:Taractrocerini
Category:Hesperiidae genera
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Gold-digging ant
The gold-digging ant is a mythical insect described in classical and medieval bestiaries. They were dog- or fox-sized ants that dug up gold in sandy areas. Some versions of the Physiologus said they came from Ethiopia, while Herodotus claimed they were located in India.
Herodotus
In Histories (Book 3, passages 102 to 105) Herodotus reports that a species of fox-sized, furry "ants" lives in one of the far eastern, Indian provinces of the Persian Empire. This region, he reports, is a sandy desert, and the sand there contains a wealth of fine gold dust. These giant ants, according to Herodotus, would often unearth the gold dust when digging their mounds and tunnels, and the people living in this province would then collect the precious dust.
French ethnologist Michel Peissel says that the Himalayan marmot on the Deosai Plateau in Gilgit–Baltistan province of Pakistan, may have been what Herodotus called giant "ants". Much like the province that Herodotus describes, the ground of the Deosai Plateau is rich in gold dust. Peissel interviewed the Minaro tribal people who live in the Deosai Plateau, and they have confirmed that they have, for generations, collected the gold dust that the marmots bring to the surface when digging burrows. The story was widespread in the ancient world and later authors like Pliny the Elder mentioned it in his gold mining section of the Naturalis Historia.
In his book The Ants' Gold: The Discovery of the Greek El Dorado in the Himalayas, Peissel says that Herodotus may have confused the old Persian word for "marmot" with that for "mountain ant" because he probably did not know any Persian and thus relied on local translators when travelling in the Persian Empire. Herodotus did not claim to have seen the gold-digging "ant" creatures; he stated that he was simply reporting what other travellers told him.
See also
Myrmekes
References
Category:Medieval European legendary creatures
Category:Mythological insects
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Rastriya Janata Dal Nepal
Rastriya Janata Dal Nepal is a political party in Nepal. The party is registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election.
References
Category:Political parties in Nepal
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Violin Concerto (Previn)
The Concerto for Violin and Orchestra "Anne-Sophie" is a violin concerto by André Previn. It was composed in 2001 by request of the Boston Symphony Orchestra for Anne-Sophie Mutter. Previn conducted the first performance in March 2002 in Boston. The same performers recorded the work in 2003, and received a Grammy Award for it in 2005.
History
Previn composed the violin concerto in 2001 on a commission from the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He wrote the solo part with violinist Anne-Sophie Mutter in mind. Previn called it "Anne-Sophie" in honour of the soloist who was to become his wife, and it has been described as a musical "love letter" and an "engagement present". The world premiere was on 14 March 2002, conducted by the composer. The couple married in August that year. They made a recording released in 2003, and toured Europe with the Oslo Philharmonic, including a concert of The Proms at the Royal Albert Hall on 30 August 2004. They divorced in 2006.
Structure and music
The concerto is in three movements:
Moderato
Cadenza – Slowly
Andante ("from a train in Germany")
Unusually, the movements increase in length. A typical performance lasts forty minutes. A reviewer for Gramophone noted that the first movement showed, like Korngold's Violin Concerto which Mutter and Previn had performed together, "sweetly nostalgic cinemascope romanticism". The contrasting second movement is desolate in character, described by Previn as "more barren and acidulous" than the outer movements. The third movement, subtitled "from a train in Germany", includes the composer's memories of a train ride when he was a boy living in Germany, including variations of the children's song "Wenn ich ein Vöglein wär". A reviewer noted the movement's humour and "ecstatic melodic flights", ending "darkly beautiful". The composer used orchestral colours, but consistently serving the soloist.
Recording
The Concerto was recorded by the performers of the premiere, released by Deutsche Grammophon in 2003, coupled with Leonard Bernstein's 1954 Serenade after Plato's "Symposium" for solo violin, string orchestra, harp and percussion, with Mutter and the London Philharmonic Orchestra. A reviewer compared the first movements to concertos by Korngold and Prokofiev. Mutter's playing has been described as dancing "through the thorniest passages" and giving "a silky sheen to even the most stratospherically placed notes", while the orchestra plays "with an ideal mixture of sumptuousness and delicacy".
Legacy
Previn's violin concerto was one of the composer's most successful works. The recording received the Grammy Award in the category "instrumental soloist performance with orchestra" in 2004. Shortly before Previn's death in February 2019, Mutter had embarked on a recital tour of the United States, including the concerto in her performance.
References
Previn
Category:2001 compositions
Category:Music commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra
Category:Compositions by André Previn
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Washington Savings Bank (New York City)
The Washington Savings Bank was a New York City bank founded on April 22, 1897 and closed by New York State banking regulators on December 29, 1910 when bank President Joseph G. Robonovitch was indicted for grand larceny for stealing $90,000. Much excitement surrounded the morphine-addicted Robin's arraignment when he tried to commit suicide by taking poison. Four other bank officials were indicted for perjury for making false statements to bank regulators.
References
Category:Defunct banks of the United States
Category:Banks established in 1897
Category:1897 establishments in New York (state)
Category:Banks disestablished in 1910
Category:1910 disestablishments in New York (state)
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Himatolabus pubescens
Himatolabus pubescens is a species of leaf-rolling weevil in the beetle family Attelabidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Category:Attelabidae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1826
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Ahl (surname)
Ahl is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
David H. Ahl (born 1939), American writer
Ernst Ahl (1898–1945), German zoologist
Frederick Ahl (born 1941), American academic and classical scholar
John Alexander Ahl (1813–1882), American railroad executive and politician
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John Nucatola
John Nucatola (November 17, 1907 – May 9, 2000) was a professional basketball player, coach and referee. He was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on 1 May 1978.
Biography
John Nucatola officiated some of the greatest games in the ECAC, Atlantic Coast, Southern and Big Eight Conferences, along with the NCAA and NIT tournaments. He also dabbled in the professional arenas of the American Basketball League, Basketball Association of America, and the NBA.
Nucatola was one of the original referees in the NBA when the league was organized as the BAA in 1946. Nucatola was one of the founding fathers of the College Basketball Officials Association and served as supervisor of officials for the Ivy League and the ECAC before being named the NBA Supervisor of Officials. In a life dedicated to the development of basketball and basketball officiating, Nucatola conducted more than 1,200 clinics worldwide, as well as authoring Officiating Basketball.
He was called basketball's "greatest official" by Hall of Famer Clair Bee. Nucatola believed the referee's most important duty was to make the right call rather than merely assert authority. He often urged officials to be willing to reconsider their calls, and was a strong advocate of the three-man officiating crew.
References
Biography on website of the Basketball Hall of Fame
Category:1907 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Category:National Basketball Association referees
Category:Sportspeople from New York City
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Roy Johnson (pitcher)
Roy Johnson (October 1, 1895 – January 10, 1986) was an American right-handed pitcher and longtime coach in Major League Baseball. He also was the interim manager of the Chicago Cubs for one game in 1944. He was nicknamed "Hardrock" as a minor league manager because his teams played in a tough, uncompromising way.
Born in Madill, Oklahoma, Johnson had a mediocre pitching record. In his only big league season, the war-shortened 1918 campaign, he compiled a 1–5 win–loss mark (.167) and a 3.42 earned run average in ten games and 50 innings pitched for the Philadelphia Athletics. He returned to the minor leagues as a pitcher thereafter and became a manager with Bisbee of the Class D Arizona–Texas League in 1929.
In 1935, Johnson was promoted to a coaching position with the Cubs by manager Charlie Grimm. He was associated with the Cubs for the remainder of his career as a coach (1935–39; 1944–53), minor league pilot, and scout. The Cubs won three National League pennants (, and ) during Johnson's 15 total years as a coach.
On May 3, 1944, with the Cubs having lost nine of their first ten National League games, he served as interim manager for one game, between Jimmie Wilson and Grimm's second term; Chicago lost to the Cincinnati Reds, 10–4, their tenth defeat in a row.
Johnson died at age 90 in Scottsdale, Arizona.
References
J.G. Taylor Spink, ed., The Baseball Register. St. Louis: The Sporting News, 1949.
The Baseball Encyclopedia, Macmillan Books, 10th edition.
External links
Category:1895 births
Category:1986 deaths
Category:Baseball players from Oklahoma
Category:Bisbee Bees players
Category:Chicago Cubs coaches
Category:Chicago Cubs managers
Category:Chicago Cubs scouts
Category:Danville Veterans players
Category:Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Category:Major League Baseball coaches
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:McAlester Miners players
Category:Oklahoma City Indians players
Category:People from Madill, Oklahoma
Category:Philadelphia Athletics players
Category:Terrell Terrors players
Category:Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
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Edward Boland (rugby league)
Edward Boland nicknamed "Paddy" was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s and 1910s. He played for North Sydney and played in 1 match for Cumberland. Boland was a foundation player for North Sydney and served on the committee when the club was first admitted into the league.
Playing career
Boland played in North Sydney's first ever game which was in Round 1 1908 against South Sydney at Birchgrove Oval with the game ending in a 11–7 loss.
Boland also played 1 match for Cumberland in 1908 against Norths. Cumberland attended the match with only 11 players from a required 13. Boland was one of the players who decided to join Cumberland for the match so the game could be played. Norths won the match 45–0 at Wentworth Park and this would prove to be Cumberland's last ever match before disbanding.
Boland played with North Sydney up until the end of 1916 but did not play in the 1914 or 1915 seasons due to his involvement in World War 1.
References
Category:North Sydney Bears players
Category:Rugby league players from Sydney
Category:Rugby league hookers
Category:Rugby league props
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing
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Cristian Brocchi
Cristian Brocchi (; born 30 January 1976) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Serie C side Monza, having previously served as assistant manager at Chinese side Jiangsu Suning, while his previous job was that of head coach of Brescia as well as his former club Milan.
As a defensive midfielder, Brocchi was rated for his durability and tackling. He began his career with hometown club Milan, but he struggled to break into the first team as a youngster. He was subsequently loaned to Pro Sesto and Lumezzane, before being sold to Hellas Verona in 1998. His performances for the club earned him a move to Internazionale in 2000, where he also struggled due to injury. He returned to Milan in 2001, and went on to represent the club for the next seven seasons, aside from a season on loan with Fiorentina, during a highly successful period for the club, which saw him win the Serie A and two UEFA Champions League titles, among other trophies. He ended his career in 2013, after five seasons with Lazio, where he won the Coppa Italia twice.
At international level, he made his only appearance for the Italy national team in 2006.
Club career
Early career
Starting his career at his native club A.C. Milan youth system, Brocchi was loaned to Pro Sesto and Lumezzane in early years. After struggling to find space in the first team, in 1998, Brocchi was sold to Hellas Verona in Serie B. Brocchi helped the club obtain promotion to Serie A.
Internazionale
After a year in the top-division, Internazionale coach Marcello Lippi signed Brocchi in 2000 following his impressive performances. However, Brocchi and Inter endured a difficult season, as Lippi was sacked after their opening Serie A match, a defeat to Reggina. Marco Tardelli was hired as Lippi's replacement, and he guided the Nerazzurri to a fifth-place finish in Serie A. The following season, new Inter manager Héctor Cúper decided to sell Brocchi. Brocchi later described his time at Inter "as the worst experience [he] ever had", citing the lack of support from the club while injured.
Milan (second spell)
In July 2001, Milan re-signed him in exchange for Andrés Guglielminpietro, who joined Inter. While at Milan, Brocchi had to compete with the likes of Fernando Redondo, Gennaro Gattuso, Andrea Pirlo, Massimo Ambrosini, and later Clarence Seedorf.
Fiorentina
Brocchi was loaned to Fiorentina in July 2005, with a view to a permanent deal at the end of the season. However, at the end of 2005–06, he returned to Milan, partly as a result of the problems Milan faced in finding new recruits due to the 2006 Italian football scandal.
Milan (third spell)
Brocchi made a career high 29 Serie A appearances in the 2006–07 season. Although Emerson arrived in the 2007–08, Brocchi continued to appear regularly making 24 appearances, 10 as starter, effectively becoming manager Carlo Ancelotti's first choice replacement in midfield.
Lazio
Milan and Lazio reached an agreement for a permanent transfer for Brocchi on 29 August 2008. He signed a three-year deal with Lazio and just cost Lazio a nominal transfer fee. His first season was successful as he won the Coppa Italia, Lazio's fifth Coppa Italia title.
Following the 2012–13 season, Brocchi and Lazio announced his retirement due to on-going injury problems.
International career
Brocchi made his international debut and only appearance for the Italy national team under Roberto Donadoni, in a 1–1 friendly home draw against Turkey, on 15 November 2006.
Managerial career
On 12 April 2016, Brocchi was appointed the head coach of Milan for his first senior managerial position, after previously serving as the coach of the Milan youth team, replacing Siniša Mihajlović after his sacking. On 28 June 2016, Brocchi was replaced by Vincenzo Montella.
Brocchi served as head coach of Serie B club Brescia during the 2016–17 season, being removed from his managerial duties on 12 March 2017 due to poor results.
Personal life
Outside of football, Brocchi opened a cafe in Milan along with former Milan teammate Christian Abbiati, and started his own clothing brand (Baci & Abbracci) with close friend and footballer Christian Vieri and model Alena Šeredová.
Career statistics
Club
Managerial statistics
Honours
Milan
Serie A: 2003–04
Coppa Italia: 2002–03
UEFA Champions League: 2002–03, 2006–07
Supercoppa Italiana: 2004
FIFA Club World Cup: 2007
UEFA Supercup: 2007
Lazio
Coppa Italia: 2008–09, 2012–13
Supercoppa Italiana: 2009
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060509150619/http://www.cristianbrocchi.it/
Brocchi and Vieri's clothing line
Profile and stats. at Inter Archive
Profile and stats. at ACmilan.com
Profile and stats. at Fiorentina official site
uefa.com short bios.
stats. at Voetbal International
Category:1976 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Milan
Category:A.C. Milan players
Category:S.S.D. Pro Sesto players
Category:ACF Fiorentina players
Category:Serie A players
Category:Serie B players
Category:Serie C players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Inter Milan players
Category:Italian footballers
Category:Italy international footballers
Category:Hellas Verona F.C. players
Category:S.S. Lazio players
Category:F.C. Lumezzane V.G.Z. A.S.D. players
Category:Italian football managers
Category:Serie A managers
Category:A.C. Milan managers
Category:Brescia Calcio managers
Category:UEFA Champions League winning players
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Overhaulin'
Overhaulin is an American automotive reality television series. The show originally ran for five seasons between 2004 and 2008 on TLC. After a four-year hiatus, sixth season premiered on October 2, 2012 on Velocity and Discovery (Cablevision). In June 2019, it was announced that the show would be returning for a new season on November 16, 2019 on Motor Trend.
Hosts
The show's hosts were automobile designer Chip Foose and co-host Chris Jacobs; the creator and producer was Bud Brutsman. Courtney Hansen was the co-host of the show until 2005, when she left the show to pursue other interests. She was replaced by Executive Producer Brutsman's wife Adrienne Janic ("AJ"). From Season 6 on, Jessi Combs, one of the early A-Team mechanics, returned and co-hosted as well as participated in the overhauls. Recently, Arianny Celeste had replaced Combs as Combs had moved on to another Velocity show, All Girls Garage. For two episodes of the eighth season, Adrienne "AJ" Janic rejoined the show to cohost. Season 9 had only 4 episodes and the show ended in November 2015.
Concept
The show's premise was that an unknowing "victim" – the mark, in the show's language — is nominated to be "Overhauled" by his or her family or friends, the insiders. The mark's car, usually an old and tired antique car, was obtained through some ruse. Some common examples included the car being "stolen" by Chris and Chip, a car being misplaced or lost at a mechanic's shop, or the car being towed away by "police."
An integral part of the show was when the two co-hosts play tricks on the unsuspecting mark, sometimes acting in roles of insurance adjusters or law enforcement agents, other times helping the insider, while Chip Foose and a team of mechanics – dubbed "The A-Team" – have a week to remake the car into a custom masterpiece. Each show ended with the surprise reuniting of owner and newly made-over car.
Production
Each episode would take a significant amount of planning, starting with the producers reviewing the thousands of submissions from those wanting to have a friend's or family member's vehicle overhauled, selecting a deserving person, and setting everything in motion. Most builds would take place in Southern California, and true to the show's premise, the team would have only eight days to complete the build. Up to sixty people could be involved at any one time with the show. According to Associate Producer Jim Holloway, the show would assemble a team of seven or eight "A-Team" volunteer builders about four to five days before taping would start. The builders, who were usually masters of their craft, "work[ed] together... [with] a sense of camaraderie amongst them." Sometimes builders would leave the build, causing Chip Foose to request help from a friend or cohort to help the team finish. Holloway noted that "we couldn't do the show without the builders or our sponsors." The set would have the names and logos of various sponsors, many of whom often helped with the build.
Once the project was chosen and scheduled, the show's major sponsors would ship parts to the build facility in advance of the show, while other sponsors would maintain a small on-site inventory. This would allow such items as air-filter housings, tire sizes, and so on to be test fit without having to wait for shipments.
According to Holloway, each completed vehicle is worth around $150,000, but "in reality, they're priceless... Chip's so busy that it's almost impossible to get a car from the Foose shop, no matter how much money you've got." In an interview, Foose said that "for me, seeing the look on the owner's face is the most rewarding part of the show. It's almost overwhelming to see their response, and it's the whole reason I do it. We worked hard to make their dream come true."
CNN's Warrior One
In 2006, the show remodeled a 1993 Hummer H1 that CNN used to cover the war in Iraq. Over a one-week period, the Overhaulin''' crew replaced the engine, raised the vehicle's body and air brushed images of correspondents and troops onto the Hummer. They also added a DVD player, four televisions and a state-of-the-art sound system. TLC unveiled the revamped Hummer, named "Warrior One," in front of a swarm of fans, media and CNN employees. According to co-host Chris Jacobs, "we wanted to commemorate the journalists who risked their lives, and in some cases, gave their lives to tell the story of the war."
The vehicle was unveiled in CNN Center in Atlanta, and was sold in 2007 Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale auction for $1,000,000.00 in a Fisher House Foundation charity lot.2007 Barrett-Jackson, Scottsdale: CNN Warrior One Hummer tops $1 MIL
Velocity revival
Velocity by Discovery renewed the show to help fill its programming schedule. Season 6 premiered on October 2, 2012 and concluded June 2, 2013.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118052123?refCatId=14
|title='Overhaulin returns on Velocity
|date=March 30, 2012
|author=Levine, Stuart
|publisher=Variety
|accessdate=17 April 2012
}}</ref> The revived show was produced by WATV Productions, who also produced two other Chip Foose-hosted series for Velocity, American Icon: The Hot Rod and American Icon: The Muscle Car. On October 12, 2015, a series finale was announced that a ninth season would be its last, consisting of four episodes.
Overhaulin' SEMA Edition 2012
In this episode (Season 6, Episode 5), Chip Foose and his "A" Team customized a 2012 Chrysler 300 S with 5.7L HEMI V8 engine into Foose Velocity 300 in front of live 2012 SEMA Show audience. After the build, the project vehicle was given away in a lottery held during the event. An additional 300S replica was produced and given away at a later date.
Series Overview
Specials
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Season 7
Season 8
Season 9
References
External links
Episode Guide at Discovery.com
Overhaulin' episode guide on TVGuide.com
Foose Design Official Website
WATV Productions Official Website
Category:TLC (TV network) original programming
Category:Automotive television series
Category:2004 American television series debuts
Category:2008 American television series endings
Category:2000s American reality television series
Category:2012 American television series debuts
Category:2015 American television series endings
Category:2010s American reality television series
Category:English-language television programs
Category:Discovery Channel original programming
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The Lovers Arrive
The Lovers Arrive () is a 1956 Greek black and white comedy film made by Anzervos and based on a theatrical play O erastis erhete (Ο εραστής έρχεται) by Georgios Roussos. It was directed and written by Giorgos Tzavellas.
Plot
Mina arrives from Patras to visit her cousin LEla. On their way to Lela's house Lela confesses that her husband, Potis, doesn't pay much attention to her and their marriage due to his work in as an owner of a soap manufacturing factory. Then Mina advises Lela to let Potis understand that she had an affair with someone called Pipis (diminutive of Spyros [or Spyrus]). In the start, he doesn't realise the game that Lela plays, but after he meets with his best man Markos, who has just learnt that his wife had a relationship with another man, Potis changes his mind and starts to be suspicious of his wife. After the collection of some "clues" and the "precious" advice by Markos, he concludes that the lover of his wife is his neighbour Spyros. Spyros has a very jealous wife, Jenny, and when Lela tells Potis that she aims to go on an excursion in Zoumperi, and Spyrus goes to Thebes for a professional affair, Potis thinks he will surprise Spyros and Lela and proves that his wife has a lover. So he collaborates with envious Jenny and they put a recorder in Spyros' car to record Lela's and Spyros dialogue. But instead the recorder catches a dialogue between Jenny and Potis and now he and Jenny seem to be lovers! But the next morning Markos, Potis and Spyros meet at a cafe and the truth is revealed. Markos was responsible because he was cinemaholic and he thought that what happened in the films he watched happened also in the real life. Lastly, Mina has a wedding proposal by phone, she leaves for Patras to marry, Spyros and Jenny go to Thebes together, and Markos and his wife return home, all these with Spyros' car. And Lela and Potis love each other again and they together close the door of the garden with Potis promising not to forget her and their marriage again due to the soaps.
Cast
Vassilis Logothetidis ..... Potis Antonopoulos
Ilya Livykou ..... Lela Antonopoulou
Vangelis Protopappas ..... Markos Manolopoulos
Smaro Stefanidou ..... Mina Moutsopoulou
Lambros Konstantaras ..... Spyros Argyriou
Kaiti Lambropoulou ..... Jenny Argyriou
Kyveli Theochari ..... Kiki Manolopoulou
Nikos Rizos ..... Mistos
Taigeti ..... Ms. Kokkinou
Antigone Koukouli ..... Katina
Nikos Kazis ..... Pipis
See also
List of Greek films
External links
O ziliarogatos at cine.gr
Category:1955 films
Category:1950s comedy films
Category:Greek films
Category:Greek-language films
Category:Films scored by Manos Hatzidakis
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The Flower Shop
The Flower Shop is a visual novel series by Winter Wolves. The first game The Flower Shop - Summer In Fairbrook was released on February 1, 2010, while the sequel The Flower Shop - Winter in Fairbrook was released on December 8, 2011. The games are for the Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux platforms. Both games were also released for Android and iOS.
Gameplay
The game offers a mix of classic visual novel gameplay, with dialogues and many choices to make, with a farming minigame. In The Flower Shop - Summer in Fairbrook the player has to grow crops and sell them to get money. It is possible to use fertilizer to speed up the growing process. In The Flower Shop - Winter in Fairbrook the principle is the same, however, this time the player has to grow flowers. The games offer a gallery where the player can watch the achieved endings again. There are nine different endings in each of the games.
Plot
The Flower Shop - Summer in Fairbrook
Steve, a college student, breaks up with his girlfriend and his dad is shipping him off to the farm of his uncle for the summer. There he has to take care of the farm and raise crops. The player can now decide how Steve should plan his week and start a romance with one of the four available girls. Depending on the choices the player makes, the ending will be different.
The Flower Shop - Winter in Fairbrook
Natalie just finished her first semester in college. Now her parents want her to get a job during her winter break. Natalie's roommate knows a job for her and she is sent to Fairbrook to work in a flower shop. The player can now decide how Natalie should plan her week and start a romance with one of the four available boys. Depending on the choices the player makes, the ending will be different.
Characters
Steve: The protagonist of Summer in Fairbrook. He is also one of the boys Natalie can date in Winter in Fairbrook. Steve is the stereotypical "city boy", and he is initially unused and estranged to the tranquil and lax lifestyle at the farm in Fairbrook. With the passing time though, he learns to adjust more. His character development from the first game is more evident in the sequel, though his attitude is roughly the same, minus the immaturity. It is shown in Winter that Steve still likes city foods such as pizza, but he can cook for himself now. There are some endings where Steve ends up with Clara should the player not pursue him as a love interest.
Natalie: The protagonist of Winter in Fairbrook. She, like Steve from the first game, is a "city girl" who hates waking up early, is used to ordering pizza and take-outs for food, and is unused to rural life. However, she may even win over a love interest depending on the player's choices.
Jill: Steve's ex-girlfriend. She is one of the girls Steve can date in Summer in Fairbrook. She wants to become a lawyer and strives hard for that goal. She feels that Steve needs to have some sense knocked into him, which is why she thinks Steve being sent to Fairbrook is a good idea. Jill is the only girl who does not appear in the sequel Winter in Fairbrook. Instead, it is implied that she pursued her studies abroad, therefore rendering her route as not canon to the sequel because Steve can be dated in Winter. It is also implied in certain endings of Winter in Fairbrook that she and Ryan meet abroad and gain an interest with one another.
Clara: An athletic girl who loves the big city. She is one of the girls Steve can date in Summer in Fairbrook. She also appears briefly in the beginning of Winter in Fairbrook as Natalie's roommate. Clara is the one who suggests to Natalie that the latter work at Fairbrook over the winter break. In some endings, Clara is implied to be the one chosen by Steve (if Steve's path is not pursued) in Winter.
Marian: The librarian. She is one of the girls Steve can date in Summer in Fairbrook. She aspires to become a great poet but her dwindling self-confidence more than often gets in the way. Her route in the first game focuses on Steve and Marian working together to help the librarian overcome her weakness. In Winter in Fairbrook, Marian is still a librarian at Fairbrook but is now also a recognized poet and distinguished judge at poem contests. Due to her busy schedule in the sequel, Trent (Susana's brother) is now her assistant at the library. If Trent is not chosen as a love interest in Winter, he and Marian will begin dating at the ending.
Susana: She runs the titular Flower Shop. She is one of the girls Steve can date in Summer in Fairbrook. Susana is a kind and helpful soul, as evidenced by how kindly she treats not only the protagonists but also the entire village. She is the one who offers Natalie her job in Winter in Fairbrook. Though Susana is normally sweet and caring, she is easily riled by the mere mention of someone eating foods with preservatives or artificial additives due to (possibly) being a vegetarian. If Jacob is not chosen as a love interest in Winter, Susana will start noticing Jacob's affections for her at the ending.
Trent: He is the older brother of Susana. He originally appears briefly in Summer as Susana's protective brother and as a helper in later parts of the first game. He is one of the boys Natalie can date in Winter in Fairbrook. He is loudmouthed and a little energetic, but he means very well. Trent has a not-so-secret crush on Marian, the librarian, who is the main reason why he helps out at the library. He, however, finds a kindred spirit in his enthusiasm with Natalie. If he is not chosen as a love interest in Winter, Trent and Marian will begin dating.
Ryan: He runs the general store. He is one of the boys Natalie can date in Winter in Fairbrook. Exclusively in Winter, Ryan is a calculative person. He appears brooding and cold at first, but it becomes quickly apparent that his facade is a just a result of poor communication skills. His route begins when Natalie, who wants someone to tutor her in school, asks for Ryan's assistance (who is a professional tutor) in Math. In exchange for help at schoolwork, Natalie will help Ryan overcome his shyness and lack of social skills. If Ryan is not chosen as a love interest Winter, he will go abroad to study. Certain endings imply that he meets a girl studying law abroad (heavily implied to be Jill, Steve's ex-girlfriend) and they find an interest in each other.
Jacob: He is helping out Clara's father. He is one of the boys Natalie can date in Winter in Fairbrook. In Summer in Fairbrook, Jacob is a young man helping out at Clara's family farm. In the first game, he has a one-sided crush on Clara, the farmer's daughter, which Steve immediately picks up on. He appears as the most childish of the cast, something which bothers him deeply. In Winter, his crush is transferred to Susana, the flower shop owner. Here, Jacob is more bothered about the fact that despite he tries his best at work, people around him still seem to treat him like a child. His route focuses on Natalie proving to Jacob that he doesn't have anything to worry about. If Jacob is not chosen as a love interest in Winter, Susana will begin to realize and return Jacob's affections for her.
Development
The games were created with Ren'Py. Winter Wolves also released free demos of the games on their website. Winter Wolves and sakevisual hinted at the possibility that a crossover between the series and the Jisei series might be possible in the future; the working title is Jisei in Fairbrook.
Reception
The first game received a score of 85/100 on Gamertell, with reviewer Jenni Lada writing "It moves at a good pace, has the farming aspect to add variety and keep it from only being about reading and picking choices and is pleasant to look at and listen to." Mac Games gave 3,5 of 5 stars to the first game and wrote: "It appears this game is aimed towards young girls, but I think you should try it even if you do not fall in that category. The music is muted and appropriate, and the anime characters well done." The sequel received a score of 83/100 on Gamertell, with reviewer Jenni Lada writing "It moves at a good pace, has the farming aspect to add variety and keep it from only being about reading and picking choices and is pleasant to look at and listen to."
References
External links
Official website for The Flower Shop - Summer in Fairbrook
Official website for The Flower Shop - Winter in Fairbrook
Category:2010 video games
Category:2011 video games
Category:Android (operating system) games
Category:Video games developed in Italy
Category:Adventure games
Category:Indie video games
Category:IOS games
Category:Linux games
Category:MacOS games
Category:Ren'Py games
Category:Video games featuring female protagonists
Category:Western visual novels
Category:Windows games
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Toledo Municipal Airport (Iowa)
Toledo Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport located two nautical miles (3.7 km) east of the central business district of Toledo, a city in Tama County, Iowa, United States.
Facilities and aircraft
Toledo Municipal Airport covers an area of at an elevation of 960 feet (293 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 17/35 with a turf surface measuring 1,850 by 100 feet (564 x 30 m). For the 12-month period ending July 30, 2008, the airport had 990 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 82 per month.
References
External links
Aerial image as of 22 April 1994 from USGS The National Map
Toledo Municipal (8C5) at Iowa DOT
Category:Airports in Iowa
Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Tama County, Iowa
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Uesugi Kagenobu
was an Uesugi general, samurai and related to Uesugi Kenshin. He lived during the Sengoku era of Japan.
References
Category:Samurai
Category:1578 deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown
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Helston (UK Parliament constituency)
Helston, sometimes known as Helleston, was a parliamentary borough centred on the small town of Helston in Cornwall.
Using the bloc vote system of election, it returned two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons of England until 1707, then to House of Commons of Great Britain until 1800, and to House of Commons of the United Kingdom until the 1832 general election.
The Reform Act 1832 reduced its representation to one member, elected by the first-past-the-post system. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, it was abolished with effect from the 1885 general election.
Members of Parliament
MPs before1640
Constituency created (1298)
MPs 1640–1832
MPs 1832–1885
Elections
Elections in the 1880s
Elections in the 1870s
Elections in the 1860s
Caused by Brett's appointment as Solicitor General for England and Wales
Caused by the 1865 election being declared void on petition, due to bribery. At the original count for the by-election, both candidates received 153 votes apiece, but Campbell was declared elected after the Returning officer (who was the father of his election agent) cast a vote for him, after consulting a legal textbook which suggested he could make the casting vote. A petition was lodged, and a committee decided the returning officer had no right to cast the vote and should have declared both candidates elected. However, on scrutiny one vote was taken from Campbell's total, leaving Brett elected alone. This election led to Parliament deciding that "according to the law and usage of Parliament, it is the duty of the sheriff or other returning officer in England, in the case of an equal number of votes being polled for two or more candidates at an election, to return all such candidates".
Elections in the 1850s
Elections in the 1840s
Caused by West's resignation, by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, in order to contest a by-election at Lewes
Notes
References
Further reading
The History of Parliament Trust, Helston, Borough from 1386 to 1868
D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
F W S Craig, "British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885" (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
Maija Jansson (ed.), Proceedings in Parliament, 1614 (House of Commons) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1988)
J E Neale, The Elizabethan House of Commons (London: Jonathan Cape, 1949)
Category:United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies established in 1298
Category:United Kingdom Parliamentary constituencies disestablished in 1885
Category:Parliamentary constituencies in Cornwall (historic)
Category:Helston
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Marian Woyna-Orlewicz
Marian Wiktor Woyna-Orlewicz (5 October 1913 – 13 January 2011) was a Polish cross-country skier who competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics. He was born in Wadowice and died in Zakopane.
In 1936 he was a member of the Polish cross-country relay team which finished seventh in the 4x10 km relay event. In the 18 km competition at the same Olympiad he finished 32nd. Before his death, he was the oldest living Polish Olympic competitor.
References
External links
Profile
Category:1913 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:Polish male cross-country skiers
Category:Polish male Nordic combined skiers
Category:Olympic cross-country skiers of Poland
Category:Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Poland
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Category:People from Wadowice
Category:Sportspeople from Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Category:Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
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Spanish Stroll
Spanish Stroll is a 1977 single by Mink DeVille, off their debut album Cabretta. It features a spoken word section by bassist Rubén Sigüenza during the break ("¡Hey Rosita! ¿Dónde vas con mi carro, Rosita? Tú sabes que te quiero, pero usted me quita todo"), adding a Latin flavor to it.
"Spanish Stroll" reached #20 on the UK Singles Chart; it was to be DeVille's only record ever to chart in the UK. In addition, the song went to #3 in the Netherlands and #25 in New Zealand.
In 2007, the song was featured in the American drama film In the Land of Women.
In 2010, the song was featured in the independent video game Space Funeral.
In 2016, the song was featured in the made for Netflix film Special Correspondents.
References
Category:1977 singles
Category:1977 songs
Category:Capitol Records singles
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Wilbert Frazier
Wilbert Frazier (born August 24, 1942) is a former American basketball player.
Frazier played college basketball at Grambling State University.
Frazier was drafted by the San Francisco Warriors with the first pick of the second round of the 1965 NBA draft. He was the 12th overall draft pick.
Frazier opted instead to play professional basketball in the American Basketball Association prior to the ABA–NBA merger. Frazier first played for the Houston Mavericks, then for the New York Nets.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com Wilbert Frazier page
Page on Frazier's college career and NBA draft selection
Category:1942 births
Category:Living people
Category:African-American basketball players
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Basketball players from Louisiana
Category:Centers (basketball)
Category:Grambling State Tigers men's basketball players
Category:Harrisburg Patriots players
Category:Hartford Capitols players
Category:Houston Mavericks players
Category:New Haven Elms players
Category:New York Nets players
Category:Power forwards (basketball)
Category:Sportspeople from Minden, Louisiana
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Bayview Heights, Saskatchewan
Bayview Heights is a hamlet in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Listed as a designated place by Statistics Canada, the hamlet had a population of 15 in the Canada 2006 Census.
References
Category:Designated places in Saskatchewan
Category:Meota No. 468, Saskatchewan
Category:Organized hamlets in Saskatchewan
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Padatha Painkili
Padatha Painkili (, ) is a 1957 Malayalam social drama film based on the novel of the same name by Muttathu Varkey and directed by P. Subramaniam from a screenplay by Varkey. The film is a social drama that revolves around marriage and dowry problems. It depicts the machinations of a wicked, though wealthy man, against a poverty-stricken, God-fearing school master, with the final defeat of evil in the end. It stars Prem Nazir, Miss Kumari and Shanthi in the lead roles.
The film released in theatres on 22 March and went on to become a major critical and commercial success. It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam.
Plot
Vendor Kutty (Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair), a wealthy villager, is jealous and scheming to marry his daughter Lucy (Shanthi) to the richest bachelor of the town. He is, however, jealous of Luke (T. S. Muthiah), the neighbour, who is a kind-hearted village school teacher and has a daughter Chinnamma (Miss Kumari), of marriageable age.
Thankachan (Prem Nazir) is the rich man of the locality and the prospective groom of Lucy. When he meets with an accident, both Chinnamma and Lucy happen to be there and Lucy rushes home to get some cloth for a bandage, the simple hearted Chinnamma tears her only upper cloth and offers first-aid to Thankachan. This simple act makes a bond between the two and Thankachan in turn offers financial help to Chinnamma when her father is taken sersiouly ill.
Chinnamma is being engaged to the Beeri-maker, Chakkaravakkal (Bahadoor), whose father demands a big dowry. Luke makes herculian effort to raise money but Kutty is determined to see that he is unable to secure the loan.
Chinnamma's marriage is fixed for the day when Lucy is to be betrothed to Thankachan. The marriage party is at Luke's door. On the instigation of Kutty, Vakkan's father insists on the promised dowry. But the poor father is unable to produce it. The marriage stands dissolved.
In the neighbourhood, Thankachan has come for his betrothal with Lucy. He comes to know of Luke's predicament. On the spur of the moment he decides to marry Chinnamma and the story ends on a happy note.
Cast
The film marks the debut of Shanthi. Bahadoor got his first break with his role as Chakkaravakkal.
Prem Nazir as Thankachan
Miss Kumari as Chinnamma
K. V. Shanthi as Lucy
Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair as Vendor Kutty
Bahadoor as Chakkaravakkal
T. S. Muthaiah as Luke (Luka Sir)
Aranmula Ponnamma as Kunjadamma
Vaanakkutti as Peeli
S. P. Pillai as Mylan
Adoor Pankajam as Thevi
Pankajavalli
T. N. Gopinathan Nair
S. Menon
Latheef
Kuttiyamma
Soundtrack
The film's music has been composed by Brother Lakshmanan with lyrics penned by Thirunayinaarkurichi Madhavan Nair.
"Aaru Nee Agathiyo" — Kamukara, Santha P. Nair
"Kaalithan Thozhuthil" — P. Leela, Chorus
"Kalyaanaraave (Bit)" — Santha P. Nair
"Madhumaasamayallo" — Kamukara, Santha P. Nair
"Mangalam" — Kamukara, Santha P. Nair
"Naaduchutti Odivaroo" — Mehboob
"Naayaka Poroo" — Uncategorized
"Njan Natta Thoomulla" — Santha P. Nair
"Paadedi Paadedi" — Kamukara, C. S. Radhadevi
"Poomani Kovilil" — Santha P. Nair
"Snehame Karayatta Nin Kai" — Kamukara
"Thanthoya Thenundu" — P. Gangadharan Nair, C. S. Radhadevi
"Vellaambal Poothu" — Kamukara, Santha P. Nair
Awards
National Film Awards
1957 - National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam
References
External links
Padatha Painkili at the Malayalam Movie Database
Category:1950s Malayalam-language films
Category:Indian films
Category:1950s romantic drama films
Category:Films based on Indian novels
Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners
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Volker Hauff
Volker Hauff (born 9 August 1940) is a German politician of the SPD.
Political career
Since 1959 Hauff has been a member of the SPD. From 1969 to 1989 he was a member of the Bundestag.
Hauff served as Federal Minister of Research and Technology from 1978 to 1980, Federal Minister of Transport from 1980 to 1982 and Lord Mayor of Frankfurt from 1989 to 1991.
He is a descendant of the Swabian poet Wilhelm Hauff.
Other activities
German Council for Sustainable Development (RNE), Member (2001-2010, appointed ad personam by Chancellor Gerhard Schröder)
Publications
References
External links
Biography at Friedrich Ebert Foundation
Category:1940 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Backnang
Category:Transport ministers of Germany
Category:Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Category:Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Infranord
Infranord is a wholly owned Swedish Government enterprise and a railway contractor, providing engineering services to build and maintain railways. The company is the result of a spin-off when the Swedish Transport Administration was established in 2010, following the merger between the Swedish Rail Administration () and the Swedish Road Administration (). Today, the company has a presence in all Scandinavian countries, with operations in Sweden and Norway.
The company had 2,500 employees and a turnover of over SEK 4,400 million in 2012, and its head-office is located in Solna.
See also
Svevia
Government-owned corporation
List of government enterprises of Sweden
Development Fund of the Swedish Construction Industry
References
External links
Infranord - Official website (English)
Category:Government-owned companies of Sweden
Category:Construction and civil engineering companies of Sweden
Category:2010 establishments in Sweden
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SanBusCo Market Center
The SanBusCo Market Center, or SanBusCo Center, is an historic commercial building in Santa Fe, New Mexico
The SanBusCo Center was originally a Santa Fe Railroad commercial center, called Santa Fe Business Company, built before 1880. The site was renovated in the 1980s and received National Historic status at that time. The SanBusCo Center is built in an industrial style. It is surrounded by historic old adobe structures. The unique design was preserved during the renovation in the 1980s.
The SanBusCo Center has shops, restaurants, and offices. The site holds three world class restaurants, law offices, and unique retail establishments. These include a pen shop purveyed by state lawmakers who work in the nearby State Capitol Building. Documentary photography of the original building and historic text references the history of New Mexico.
References
External links
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Santa Fe, New Mexico
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Lower Moors (St Mary's)
The Lower Moors is a wetland between Hugh Town and Old Town Bay on St Mary's, the largest island in the Isles of Scilly. The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago off the southwestern tip of the Cornish peninsula of Great Britain.
The site is owned and managed by the Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust and is within the Isles of Scilly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. First designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in 1971 for its range of wetland habitats; it is an important feeding station for migrating and wintering birds such as common snipe (Gallinago gallinago) and water rail (Rallus aquaticus). In 2007 Cavell Smith found a great blue heron (Ardea herodias); the first confirmed record for Britain. The second British record for great blue heron also occurred on Lower Moor and, was also found by Cavell Smith!
Wildlife and ecology
Lower Moors is one of two wetlands on St Mary's and is designated as a SSSI for its wide range of wetland habitats, and also as a feeding site for passage and wintering birds. The marsh is fed by ground water and small streams forming small open pools, mire and willow scrub, and the marsh once extended from Old Town Bay to Porthloo Pool . As late as the 1960s there were wet fields around Porthloo Pool and Rose Hill with hemlock water-dropwort (Oenanthe crocata), lesser water-plantain (Baldellia ranunculoides) and yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus); but these fields are much dryer nowadays. Lesser water-plantain has not been seen on the Isles of Scilly since the year 2000. The site can be entered via a short lane at Old Town, the original medieval settlement on St Mary’s, or from the A3111 near Porth Mellon. The soils are wet, alluvium and peat overlying Hercynian granite bedrock. Since grazing was withdrawn some of the marsh is overgrown with abundant common reed (Phragmites australis), rushes (Juncus sp) and grey willow (Salix cinerea). The drainage ditches, flow southward to Old Town Bay and divide the marsh into wet meadows with abundant soft rush (Juncus effusus), yellow iris and some ragged robin (Lychnis flos-cuculi) and greater bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus). Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) dominate the drier areas.
Lower Moors is a vital feeding area for resident birds, such as Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), gadwall (Anas strepera), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus), Eurasian teal (Anas crecca) and various warblers. The small area of open water is important for passage snipe and water rail, while the reed beds and wet meadows are used by birds such as corn crake ([[Corn crake|Crex crex]]) and spotted crake (Porzana porzana).
The first records of the short-winged cone-head (Conocephalus dorsalis) was on St Agnes in 1989, confirmed in 1992 and found on Lower Moors in 1996. The eggs can be carried on vegetation as sea flotsam so it could have been established on Scilly earlier than 1989.
Great blue heron
To most bird watchers the Isles of Scilly are associated with rare birds, migrants and vagrants. The first accepted record of a great blue heron in Britain was recorded on 7 December 2007, by Cavell Smith at Lower Moors, and subsequently added to the British List of birds by the British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee (BOURC). On 14 April 2015, Cavell Smith observed two herons from the bird-hide on Lower Moor, one was a grey heron and the other a great blue heron; the second British record (if accepted by the (BOURC). It had since been seen at Old Town Bay, on Tresco and on Bryher. Two previous records of the bird in Britain had had assisted passages aboard ships.
See also
Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust
Porth Hellick
References
External links
Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust
SSSI citation
Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1971
Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the Isles of Scilly
Category:Isles of Scilly
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Labor and Agrarian Party
Labor and Agrarian Party (in Spanish: Partido Laborista Agrario, PALA) was a Panamanian right-of-center political party, founded in 1960.
The PALA supported the Marco Aurelio Robles administration in 1964-1968. In 1968 it allied with the People's Alliance (ADP) and its candidate David Samudio Ávila.
The PALA survived the period of suspension under Omar Torrijos (1969–1979) and re-registered on 2 May 1979.
“Azael Vargas (former Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry), who claimed that the Labor and Agrarian Party had been hijacked, split with it to found the Authentic Labor and Agrarian Party. He then joined with industrialist Carlos Eleta Almaran, scion of one of the "20 families', to found the National Renovation Movement (MNR), which in 1982 changed its name to the Conservative Party. An attempt to join forces with the Republican Party (PR) to form the Conservative Republican Party was frustrated by the Electoral Tribunal, and Vargas and Eleta then went on to form PALA. The party mounted an expensive publicity drive and was accused of fraudulently boosting its membership figures”.
The Electoral Tribunal registered the PALA with 35000 members. Arnulfo Arias Madrid accuse PALA of fraud in obtaining their membership.
“Despite its name, and its use of the spade as its symbol, it is extremely conservative and hostile to organized labour. With backers among Panama's wealthy elite, PALA initially supported the presidential aspirations of National Guard chief Gen. Rubén Darío Paredes in 1984.”
The PALA eventually dropped him as a candidate and hacked the National Democratic Union (UNADE) and its candidate Nicolás Ardito Barletta in the 1984 election.
PALA became the second most important force within UNADE, but was weakened in 1987 by a power struggle in which Carlos Eleta Almaran was ousted as party president, apparently as part of a move by the defense forces to take greater control over the party.
He was succeeded as party leader by Ramon Sieiro Murgas (General Manuel Noriega's brother-in-law).
In 1989 it allied with the National Liberation Coalition (COLINA) and its candidate Carlos Duque, PALA was expected to be allocated 1 seat in the post-US invasion legislature in 1989.
It joined the United People Alliance (APU) coalition behind official candidate Ernesto Pérez Balladares in the 1994 Panamanian general election.
The PALA was abolished by the Electoral Tribunal on 15 September 1994.
References
Category:Political parties established in 1960
Category:Defunct political parties in Panama
Category:Labour parties
Category:Agrarian parties
Category:Political parties disestablished in 1994
Category:1994 disestablishments in Panama
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Charleston, SC.
REDIRECT Charleston, South Carolina
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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An Music School
is a private music school based in Shibuya Tokyo, Japan, which was founded in 1967.
Summary
The year is divided into two semesters. Lesson schedules are tailored to the individual so school attendance is at your own pace and convenience. There is no credit system; after two years of attendance you will receive a graduation certificate. If you wish to continue your studies after you graduate, you can become a research student at any point - there is no time limit.
Special Features
In the past, An Music School was established as an institution to retrain professionals but it now deals with a broad range of students from beginners to professionals. With individually tailored lesson programs, one-to-one teaching forms the main part of education at the school.
The age of students varies widely and many have jobs or are housewives. The student age bracket is high compared to other music schools because it's common for music college graduates to attend the An Music School.
Department
Vocal
Guitar
Piano
Keyboard
Bass
Drums
Arrangement
Saxophone-Flute
Notable alumni
This is an incomplete list of notable former students, in alphabetic order:
Harumi Tsuyuzaki
Hirotaka Izumi (former T-Square keyboardist)
Ichiko Hashimoto
Kazumi Watanabe
Ken Muramatsu
Kōji Hasegawa
Makoto Kawahara
Masahiko Yuki
Masami Shiratama
Michiko Takada
Naoki Itamura
Nobuyuki Shimizu
Rikiya Higashihara
Shirō Sagisu
Takeshi Kobayashi
TAKUYA
Tōru Hasebe
Tsuneo Imahori
References
Official web site
An Music Group
Category:Educational institutions established in 1967
Category:Universities and colleges in Tokyo
Category:Private universities and colleges in Japan
Category:Music schools in Japan
Category:Shibuya
Category:1967 establishments in Japan
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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All Out War (book)
All Out War: The Full Story of Brexit is a 2016 political history book by the Sunday Times Political editor Tim Shipman, focusing on the 2016 Brexit Referendum.
Reception
In the London Review of Books, Ian Jack declared that it was, as of 2017, "the fullest and most reliable account of the [Brexit referendum] campaign".
In The Guardian, William Hutton called it "excellent", observing that "there seems to be no one to whom (Shipman) hasn't spoken and whose motives he does not pretty accurately portray and understand." Stephen Bush of New Statesman praised Shipman's "lucid prose". The Economist found it to be "thorough, comprehensive and utterly gripping", and noted the "remarkably short time" in which Shipman wrote it.
References
Category:2016 non-fiction books
Category:History books about the United Kingdom
Category:2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
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{
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Melentyevsky
Melentyevsky () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Konoshsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. The population was 418 as of 2010. There are 11 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast
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{
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Ross Pond State Park
Ross Pond State Park is a public recreation area covering in the town of Killingly, Connecticut. The state park offers hiking, hunting, fishing, and a boat launch. It sits adjacent to Old Furnace State Park and a blue-blazed trail connects the two. Ross Pond State Park entered the Connecticut Register and Manual in 1964 as a state park of .
References
External links
Ross Pond State Park Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Category:State parks of Connecticut
Category:Parks in Windham County, Connecticut
Category:Protected areas established in 1964
Category:1964 establishments in Connecticut
Category:Killingly, Connecticut
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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Clivina parvidens
Clivina parvidens is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Putzeys in 1866.
References
parvidens
Category:Beetles described in 1866
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Gas South
Gas South, based in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, is a natural gas provider that serves more than 300,000 residential, commercial and governmental customers in Georgia, Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina.
Company
Gas South began operations in 2006 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Cobb Electric Membership Corporation. Georgia’s natural gas industry was partially deregulated in 1997 with the passing of the Natural Gas Competition and Deregulation Act, giving commercial and residential customers in many parts of the state a range of options. Under deregulation, the local distribution company, Atlanta Gas Light Company (AGLC), elected to no longer serve as a retail gas supplier and instead solely maintain and operate the distribution system. AGL is responsible for ensuring gas delivery, managing storage assets and transportation services on behalf of natural gas marketers. In turn, natural gas marketers sell gas directly to retail customers on a competitive basis.
On September 1, 2016, Gas South increased the minimum wage for all employees to $15.00 per hour, well above the $5.15 per hour required by the state of Georgia, and was recognized as a Best Places to Work company. Manon Brochu, Gas South's Vice President, serves on the advisory board for the Salvation Army. Since 2009, Gas South has donated more than $200,000 to the United Way of Metropolitan Atlanta and the Salvation Army’s Project SHARE though its partnership with the Atlanta Braves. Gas South also partners with the Buckhead Coalition to generate sustainable funding for the Shepherd Center.
References
Category:Natural gas companies of the United States
Category:Energy infrastructure in Georgia (U.S. state)
Category:Companies based in Atlanta
Category:Energy companies established in 2006
Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 2006
Category:2006 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
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Rustum (disambiguation)
Rustum is a 1984 Telegu action film.
Rustum may also refer to:
Rustum Ghazaleh (1953-2015), Syrian military and intelligence officer
Rustum Kozain (born 1966), South African poet and writer
Rustum Roy (1924-2010), Indian-born American physicist
See also
Rustom (disambiguation)
Sohrab and Rustum, a narrative poem of 1853 by Matthew Arnold
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Nußdorfer Straße (Vienna U-Bahn)
Nußdorfer Straße is a station on of the Vienna U-Bahn. It is located in the Alsergrund District. It opened in 1989.
References
Category:Buildings and structures in Alsergrund
Category:Railway stations opened in 1989
Category:Vienna U-Bahn stations
Category:Art Nouveau architecture in Vienna
Category:Art Nouveau railway stations
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Kim Duk-koo
Kim Duk-koo (; July 29, 1955November 18, 1982) was a South Korean boxer who died after fighting in a world championship boxing match against Ray Mancini. His death sparked reforms aimed at better protecting the health of fighters, including reducing the number of rounds in championship bouts from 15 to 12.
Early life and education
Kim was born in Gangwon Province, South Korea, 100 miles east of Seoul, the youngest of five children. His father died when he was two and his mother married three more times. Kim grew up poor. He worked odd jobs such as a shoe-shining boy and a tour guide before getting into boxing in 1976.
Career
After compiling a 29–4 amateur record, he turned professional in 1978. In February 1982, he won the Orient and Pacific Boxing Federation lightweight title and became the World Boxing Association's number 1 contender. Kim carried a 17–1–1 professional record into the Mancini fight and had won 8 bouts by KO before flying to Las Vegas as the world's (WBA) number 1 challenger to world lightweight champion Mancini. However, he had fought outside of South Korea only once before, in the Philippines. It was his first time ever fighting in North America.
Mancini match
Kim was lightly regarded by the U.S. boxing establishment, but not by Ray Mancini, who believed the fight would be a "war". Kim struggled to lose weight in the days prior to the bout so that he could weigh in under the lightweight's 135-pound limit. Before the fight, Kim was quoted as saying "Either he dies or I die." He wrote the message "live or die" on his Las Vegas hotel lamp shade only days before the bout (a mistaken translation led to "kill or be killed" being reported in the media).
Mancini and Kim met in an arena outside Caesars Palace on November 13, 1982. They went toe to toe for a good portion of the bout, to the point that Mancini briefly considered quitting. Kim tore open Mancini's left ear and puffed up his left eye, and Mancini's left hand swelled to twice its normal size. After the fight Mancini's left eye would be completely closed. However, by the latter rounds, Mancini began to dominate, landing many more punches than Kim. In the 11th he buckled Kim's knees. In the beginning of the 13th round Mancini charged Kim with a flurry of 39 punches, but had little effect. Sugar Ray Leonard (working as one of the commentators of the fight) said Kim came right back very strong. Leonard later declared the round to be closely contested. When the fighters came out for the 14th round, Mancini charged forward and hit Kim with a right. Kim reeled back, Mancini missed with a left, and then Mancini hit Kim with another hard right hand. Kim went flying into the ropes, his head hitting the canvas. Kim managed to rise unsteadily to his feet, but referee Richard Green stopped the fight and Mancini was declared the winner by TKO nineteen seconds into the 14th round. Ralph Wiley of Sports Illustrated, covering the fight, would later recall Kim pulling himself up the ropes as he was dying as "one of the greatest physical feats I had ever witnessed".
Minutes after the fight was over, Kim collapsed into a coma and was removed from the Caesars Palace arena on a stretcher and taken to the Desert Springs Hospital. At the hospital, he was found to have a subdural hematoma consisting of 100 cubic centimeters of blood in his skull. Emergency brain surgery was performed at the hospital to try to save him, but Kim died four days after the bout, on November 18. The neurosurgeon said it was caused by one punch. The week after, Sports Illustrated published a photo of the fight on its cover, under the heading Tragedy in the Ring. The profile of the incident was heightened by the fight having been televised live by CBS in the United States.
Kim had never fought a 15-round bout before. In contrast, Mancini was much more experienced at the time. He had fought 15-round bouts three times and gone on to round 14 once before. Kim compiled a record of 17 wins with two losses and one draw. Eight of Kim's wins were knockouts.
Aftermath of Kim's death
Mancini went through a period of reflection, as he blamed himself for Kim's death. After friends helped him by telling him that it was just an accident, Mancini went on with his career, though still haunted by Kim's death. His promoter, Bob Arum, said Mancini "was never the same" after Kim's death. Two years later, Mancini lost his title to Livingstone Bramble.
Four weeks after the fatal fight, the Mike Weaver vs. Michael Dokes fight at the same Caesars Palace venue ended with a technical knockout declared 63 seconds into the fight. Referee Joey Curtis admitted to stopping the fight early under orders of the Nevada State Athletic Commission, which required referees to be aware of a fighter's health, in light of the ManciniKim fight, and a rematch was ordered.
Kim's mother flew from South Korea to Las Vegas to be with her son before the life support equipment was turned off. Three months later, she committed suicide by drinking a bottle of pesticide. The bout's referee, Richard Green, committed suicide on July 1, 1983.
Kim left behind a fiancée, Lee Young-Mee, despite rules against South Korean boxers having girlfriends. At the time of Kim's death, Lee was pregnant with their son, Kim Chi-Wan, who was born in July 1983. Kim Chi-Wan became a dentist. In 2011, Kim Chi-Wan and his mother had a meeting with Ray Mancini as part of a documentary on the life of Mancini called The Good Son.
In popular culture, the San Francisco-based band Sun Kil Moon’s first album, Ghosts of the Great Highway, has three tracks named after boxers, including a song about Duk-koo Kim which references the Mancini fight; Sports Illustrated included the song on its list of greatest songs about sports.
Boxing rule changes
The Nevada State Athletic Commission proposed a series of rule changes as a result, announcing it before a December 10 match between Michael Dokes and Mike Weaver that would in itself be disputed because of what officials were informed before the fight. The break between rounds was initially proposed to go from 60 to 90 seconds (but it was later rescinded). The standing eight count (which allows a knockdown to be called even if the boxer is not down, but on the verge of being knocked down) was imposed, and new rules regarding suspension of licence were imposed (45 days after a knockout loss).
The WBC, which was not the fight's sanctioning organization, announced during its annual convention of 1982 that many rules concerning fighters' medical care before fights needed to be changed. One of the most significant was the WBC's reduction of title fights from 15 rounds to 12. The WBA and the IBF followed the WBC in 1987. When the WBO was formed in 1988, it immediately began operating with 12-round world championship bouts.
In the years after Kim's death, new medical procedures were introduced to fighters' pre-fight checkups, such as electrocardiograms, brain tests, and lung tests. As one boxing leader put it, "A fighter's check-ups before fights used to consist of blood pressure and heartbeat checks before 1982. Not anymore."
Professional boxing record
|-
| colspan=8|17 Wins (8 knockouts, 9 decisions), 2 Losses (1 decision 1 KO), 1 Draw
|-
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res.
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rd., Time
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
| style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
|-
|Loss
|17–2–1
| Ray Mancini
|TKO
|14
|November 13, 1982
|Caesars Palace, Nevada, U.S.
|For WBA Lightweight title; Kim died 4 days later
|-
|Win
|17–1–1
| Tadao Ishido
|TKO
|4
|July 18, 1982
|Seoul, South Korea
|OPBF lightweight title
|-
|Win
|16–1–1
| Nick Caputol
|UD
|10
|June 21, 1982
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|15–1–1
| Flash Villamer
|UD
|12
|May 30, 1982
|Seoul, South Korea
|OPBF lightweight title
|-
|Win
|14–1–1
| Suradej Kiongphajorn
|KO
|1
|April 4, 1982
|Seoul, South Korea
|OPBF lightweight title
|-
|Win
|13–1–1
| Kwang-Min Kim
|UD
|12
|February 28, 1982
|Seoul, South Korea
|OPBF lightweight title
|-
|Win
|12–1–1
| Katsuhiro Okubo
|TKO
|3
|December 12, 1981
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|11–1–1
| Flash Romeo
|KO
|4
|September 9, 1981
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|10–1–1
| Jun Escalera
|PTS
|10
|August 16, 1981
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|9–1–1
| Hong-Kyu Lim
|TKO
|4
|April 22, 1981
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|8–1–1
| Pil-Gu Lee
|PTS
|10
|December 6, 1980
|Seoul, South Korea
|Lightweight title
|-
|Win
|7–1–1
| Tony Flores
|TKO
|8
|July 16, 1980
|Metro Manila, Philippines
|
|-
|Win
|6–1–1
| Han-Ki Choi
|KO
|8
|June 21, 1980
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|style="background:#dae2f1;"|Draw
|5–1–1
| Chang-Pyo Kim
|PTS
|8
|February 26, 1980
|Pusan, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|5–1
| Young-Dae Kim
|PTS
|4
|October 6, 1979
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|4–1
| Suk-Soo Chang
|PTS
|4
|September 1, 1979
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|3–1
| Myung-Soo Park
|KO
|1
|March 25, 1979
|Ulsan, South Korea
|
|-
|Loss
|2–1
| Jong-Sil Lee
|PTS
|4
|December 9, 1978
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|2–0
| Young-Wung Sung
|PTS
|4
|December 8, 1978
|Seoul, South Korea
|
|-
|Win
|1–0
| Myung-Soo Park
|PTS
|4
|December 7, 1978
|Seoul, South Korea
|Professional debut
See also
Tan Teng Kee (died 1935), reported as one of the early boxing fatalities outside of Singapore
Benny Paret (1937–1962), Cuban boxer died sustained in the ring lost to Emile Griffith
Davey Moore (1933–1963), another boxer who famously died from an injury sustained in the ring
Choi Yo-sam (1972–2008), former world champion who died after winning his final fight
Johnny Owen (1956–1980), Welsh boxer never regained consciousness after being knocked out in the twelfth round of a WBC World Bantamweight title fight against Lupe Pintor
List of deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
References
External links
Category:1959 births
Category:1982 deaths
Category:Deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
Category:Filmed deaths in sports
Category:Sports deaths in Nevada
Category:South Korean male boxers
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{
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Hitomi Shimura
is a Japanese hurdler. She competed in the women's 100 metres hurdles at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics.
References
External links
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:Japanese female hurdlers
Category:World Athletics Championships athletes for Japan
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games competitors for Japan
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{
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Reel Fishing
Reel Fishing is a series of fishing video games by Natsume. The first game, Reel Fishing, was released for the PlayStation in 1996. Originally a localization of Victor Interactive Software's (now Marvelous Interactive) Fish Eyes series from Japan, Natsume has since diverged from that series to create their own games.
Series
There are several games in the series. The first two games, Reel Fishing (released in 1996) and Reel Fishing II (released in 2000) appeared on the PlayStation. They were followed by Reel Fishing III in 2003 on the PlayStation 2. A special fishing reel controller was released with the first game that was also compatible with the sequels. The first game was successful enough to reach "Greatest Hits" status.
Reel Fishing: Wild was released for the Dreamcast in 2001, making it the first non-Sony entry of the series. In 2006, Natsume released Reel Fishing: Life & Nature and Reel Fishing: The Great Outdoors for the handheld PlayStation Portable. Reel Fishing: Life & Nature was also planned for the Nintendo DS, but was canceled. Two installments for the Wii, Reel Fishing: Angler's Dream and Reel Fishing Challenge (the latter on WiiWare) were released in 2009.
Games
Reel Fishing
Reel Fishing (known as Fish Eyes in Japan) is the first in the Reel Fishing series of fishing video games. It was released on the PlayStation. It was published by Victor Interactive Software.
When hooking a fish, the player must wait until its mouth has completely covered the hook, then hit the reel button to set the hook. Once the hook is set, the player can reel it in. If the player reels when the fish is resisting, there is a greater chance of the line snapping and of the player losing the fish. When the fish is speeding away and then slows, the fish has a lesser chance of resisting.
One a fish is caught, the player can put it into their personal aquarium, in which the fish can be fed and raised.
Reel Fishing II
Reel Fishing II (known as Fish Eyes II in Japan) is the final Reel Fishing game on the PlayStation. It was published by Victor Interactive Software. It features 19 levels and tons of different types of fish.
The main menu gives an options menu, Free mode, and Season mode. The game menu is the Aqua Lodge, in which the player may view records, tackle, and a fishing magazine which gives monthly tips and news. In the tank room, the player can care for and watch caught fish. Gameplay consists of a full motion video background and a point of view from the boat. The player may cast anywhere into the play area, but may not move. Some areas may have different spots with different assortments of "hotspots" and a different current. Once a fish has "bitten," the screen shifts to an 3d underwater view and the player must either entice the fish using a lure, or wait for fish to arrive using bait. The hook must be set at the right time, and the fish must be fought to the surface. At the time it reaches the surface, it is automatically brought onto the shore and size is calculated.
Reel Fishing II contains two modes of fishing: "Season," and "Free." In "Season" mode, the player starts with two areas available, Ocean Variety and Carp fishing, but will unlock more. Time progresses in months, and the player is limited on time during fishing. Players unlock new areas by meeting the goals of unlocked areas. Tackle is unlocked upon each visit. In "Free" mode, the player can fish in any unlocked area with any unlocked tackle. There is no time limit, and the month can be selected before fishing. As there are no goals, nothing can be unlocked. Scores will still be kept.
Reel Fishing: Wild
Reel Fishing: Wild (known as Fish Eyes: Wild in Japan) is the unofficial Reel Fishing game exclusively on the Sega Dreamcast. It was published by Victor Interactive Software. It features only 14 levels and a fairly wide variety of fish, including a yellow piranha.
While gameplay is similar to Reel Fishing II, there is no Season or Free to compete and locations can be chosen at any time of day without restrictions. It also has a smoother 60 FPS unlike the two previous games. Unlike both Reel Fishing games, players cannot keep caught fish in tanks as caught fishes are always released back into the water.
Reel Fishing III
Reel Fishing III (known as Fish Eyes 3 in Japan) is a fishing game for the PlayStation 2 platform. It was published by Victor Interactive Software.
The story is about a man and his dog. You get a letter from your friend from your childhood. He says that he will be going out of town for a bit and requests that you look over his lodge, named "The Aqua Lodge". You eventually befriend a dog and find pages of your friend's journal as a reward for accomplishing fishing goals.
Reel Fishing III is based around freshwater fishing. Unlike Reel Fishing II, players are restricted to fish in freshwater, as to make the story feel more realistic. It ranges from bass fishing, trout fishing, mountain fishing, stream fishing and many more.
Angler's Dream
Reel Fishing: Angler's Dream, known in Japan as Fish Eyes Wii, is a fishing video game for the Wii platform. It was released on April 30, 2009 in Japan and in North America on August 25, 2009.
The game is part of the Reel Fishing series of games. Owners of Angler's Dream will be able to unlock extra content in the WiiWare game Reel Fishing Challenge.
Reel Fishing Challenge
Reel Fishing Challenge (Fish Eyes Challenge in Japan) is a WiiWare fishing video game by Natsume. It was released in North America on June 29, 2009 and later in Japan on July 14, 2009 and the PAL region on February 26, 2010.
The game is part of the Reel Fishing series of games. Owners of the Wii game Reel Fishing: Angler's Dream will be able to unlock extra content including additional fish and challenges in Reel Fishing Challenge.
Players catch fish by making a casting motion with the Wii Remote to cast their line, and shaking the Nunchuk to reel it back in. Once they have a hooked a fish, they must follow a series of prompts to make the catch. Players can also alter their gear to help lure specific types of fish.
The game features a free play mode and a challenge mode that revolves around completing objectives set within a time limit.
Nintendo Life believed the game to be shallow compared to other games in the genre.
Paradise 3D
Reel Fishing Paradise 3D is a fishing video game developed and published by Natsume as part of the Reel Fishing franchise for the Nintendo 3DS.
Gameplay, like other games in the fishing simulator genre consists of casting a line from a fishing pole to reel in fish. In the game, the player casts the line and reels in fish with the touch screen. Whether or not a player can catch a fish usually depends on timing and the placement of the tackle. The game includes multiple fishing techniques, including bait fishing as well as fly fishing. The game also includes 15 stages, 40 fish, and over 100 pieces of tackle. Players can also keep caught fish in a fish tank for display.
Reception, though minimal has been universally mixed. Nintendo Gamer gave the game a 6.5/10, calling it a "A pleasant fishing sim." [March 2012, p. 101] Nintendo Power gave the game a 6/10 and stated "We recommend a catch-and-release approach to Reel Fishing Paradise 3D; it probably isn't destined for your trophy wall." [July 2011, p. 89]
References
Category:1996 video games
Category:Dreamcast games
Category:Fishing video games
Category:PlayStation (console) games
Category:PlayStation 2 games
Category:PlayStation Network games
Category:Video game franchises introduced in 1996
*
Category:Video games developed in Japan
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Ahwar
Ahwar () a town in south-central Yemen. It is located at around . It is the capital of the Lower Aulaqi. Wadi Ahwar flows into the sea near here.
Category:Populated places in Abyan Governorate
Category:Villages in Yemen
Category:Populated coastal places in Yemen
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{
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Saint Just (band)
Saint Just was an Italian progressive rock band from Naples. They were named after French revolutionary Louis Antoine de Saint-Just.
The band released two albums between 1973-1974. In 2011 vocalist Jane "Jenny" Sorrenti and guitarist Toni Verde reformed the band with different musicians.
Band members
Jane "Jenny" Sorrenti - vocals
Toni Verde - guitar, bass, vocals
Robert Fix - sax
Tito Rinesi - guitar, vocals
Andrea Faccenda - guitar, keyboards
Fulvio Maras - drums, percussion
Discography
Albums
Saint Just (1973)
La Casa del Lago (1974)
Prog Explosion (2011)
References
See also
Progressive rock
Italian progressive rock
Category:Italian musical groups
Category:Italian progressive rock groups
Category:Italian rock music groups
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List of rivers of North Macedonia
This is a list of rivers of North Macedonia.
By drainage basin
This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name.
Aegean Sea
Vardar
Treska
Golema Reka
Lepenac
Nerodimka
Kadina River
Pčinja
Kriva Reka
Kumanovska Reka
Topolka
Babuna
Crnička Reka
Bregalnica
Zrnovska Reka
Lakavica
Otinja
Crna Reka
Šemnica
Dragor
Raec
Bošava
Dosznica
Stragarnica
Anska Reka
Konska Reka
Pena
Struma (in Bulgaria)
Lebnica
Strumica
Stara Reka
Adriatic Sea
Drin (in Albania)
Black Drin
Sateska
Golema Reka
Radika
Derven
Ribnička
Dlaboka
Black Sea
Dunaj (in Serbia)
Južna Morava (in Serbia)
Binačka Morava
Drainage basins in North Macedonia
North Macedonia
Rivers
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Kalnadan-e Bala
Kalnadan-e Bala (, also Romanized as Kalnādān-e Bālā; also known as Bālākalnādān) is a village in Tutaki Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 113, in 29 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Siahkal County
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Alive 90.5
Alive 90.5 (formerly 2CCR) is a community radio station based in Baulkham Hills in Sydney. The station broadcasts to the Hills District and parts of Greater Western Sydney. This includes the City of Parramatta, Cumberland Council and The Hills Shire.
About
Since 1992, Cumberland Community Radio has been broadcasting on 90.5 MHz FM. Originally branded on air as 'The Sound of Style' and later just '2CCR', the station has been known as Alive 90.5 since 4 November 2011.
The mission of Alive is to serve its community by broadcasting a diverse range of programs, suited for all groups in the community. Alive 90.5 is a volunteer run organisation and is funded through listener support, grants and limited commercial sponsorship.
The station airs a predominately Adult Contemporary music format on weekdays between 6am and 6pm local time with public access programs between 6pm and midnight on weekdays and various times on weekends. Overnight is a mix of Adult Contemporary and Oldies. Occasionally live sports commentary will replace weeknight programming and weekend programming.
The current chairperson of Cumberland Community Radio is Gillian Schrickker.
History
In the 1980s, Cumberland Community Radio was formed from the amalgamation of two groups attempting to set up community radio stations. One group in the Hills and the other in the Parramatta/ Holroyd region. Between 1987 and 1989, the organisation begun test broadcasts. In 1988, Baulkham Hills Shire Council allocated Building 9 in the Balcombe Heights Estate to the organisation, the station has remained in this location since. In October 1992, the organisation was granted a community radio licence and on 12 December 1992 begun broadcasting on 90.5 FM.
From April 2009, Alive 90.5 commenced streaming of its programs live, over the internet. This allows people outside the community area served to enjoy the variety of programming which Alive 90.5 offers. There are two internet streams: 64 kbit/s Joint Mono MP3 and 64kbit/s stereo AAC, to support a variety of listening client programs.
The broadcast area originally served by Alive 90.5 included the City of Holroyd. In late 2017, Alive 90.5 updated their logo and broadcast area to include the newly formed Cumberland Council. The new council was formed in May 2016 from the merger of City of Holroyd with its neighbours.
Alive 90.5 reached its 25th anniversary on 12 December 2017.
Current programming
The station's current programs cover a wide range of music styles including adult contemporary, jazz, country and easy listening. Alive 90.5 also broadcasts programs that are presented by special interest groups representing interests in Australian music, sport and broadcast in languages other than English.
Examples of these programs include:
Radio Mirchi Australia
The Australian Spectrum Show
Sunday Sports Roundup
Recognition
On 26 January 1995, 2CCR was awarded an Australia Day award for 'Outstanding Community Service'.
In January 2017, Planet Country with Big Stu & MJ, won a people's choice award at the Tamworth Country Music Festival. The award was for Most Popular Country Music Station or Program. Planet Country had been finalists in 2016 and 2018 as well.
In November 2018, Alive 90.5 program Sunday Sports Roundup were announced as winners of the 'Troy Garner Excellence in Sports Programming' award in the 2018 CBAA Awards, held on the Gold Coast.
In August 2019, Alive 90.5 continued their recognition at the CBAA Awards with two finalists announced. Former board member Matthew Brokenbrough, was announced as a finalist for in the 'Excellence in Technical Services' category whilst program Mediterranean Mix was a finalist in the 'Best Radio Program: Music' category. The awards will be held at the in Melbourne in October 2019.
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| 1995 || 2CCR - Station || Outstanding Community Service ||
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| 2016 || Planet Country (Program) || Australian Country Music People's Choice: Favourite Radio Program/Station ||
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| 2016 || Planet Country || Australian Country Music People's Choice: Favourite Radio Presenters ||
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| 2017 || Planet Country|| Australian Country Music People's Choice: Favourite Radio Program/Station ||
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| 2017 || Planet Country || Australian Country Music People's Choice: Favourite Radio Presenters ||
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| 2018 || Planet Country || Australian Country Music People's Choice: Favourite Radio Program/Station ||
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| 2018 || Planet Country || Australian Country Music People's Choice: Favourite Radio Presenters ||
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| 2018 || Sunday Sports Roundup (Program) || CBAA Award for Excellence in Sports Programming ||
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| 2019 || Mediterranean Mix (Program) || CBAA Award for Best Radio Program: Music ||
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| 2019 || Matthew Brokenbrough (Board Member) || CBAA Award for Excellence in Technical Services ||
Former presenters and programming
Tim Wong See was a former presenter and board member with Alive 90.5 before moving to Brisbane to work as an announcer on Nova 106.9. Before joining Alive 90.5, Wong-See made news for operating his own pirate radio station from his home. He now works for ABC Sunshine Coast as a morning show producer after briefly working with ABC Gold Coast and SBS.
Alive 90.5 was originally home to country music program Planet Country with Big Stu & MJ. During its time on Alive 90.5, the program was finalists in and won a People's Choice Award (see Recognition). The program moved to SWR Triple 9 in 2018 to accommodate MJ's study schedule at the Australian Film Television Radio School. Both continued as members of Alive 90.5 and Big Stu briefly presented a spin-off program in the original time slot called Country Universe. MJ has since become the breakfast announcer on 93.5 Eagle FM in Goulburn, replacing fellow Alive 90.5 alumni, James Preston, who moved to Power FM in Nowra.
Notable Past Announcers
Former presenters who have gone on to work professionally in radio include:
Daniel Jones, Announcer formerly with i98
Tim Wong See, Producer from ABC Sunshine Coast
Maree 'Maz' Forster-Takchi, Drive Announcer formerly with SWR Triple 9
James Preston, Breakfast Announcer from Power FM Nowra
Matthew 'MJ' Brokenbrough, Breakfast Announcer from 93.5 Eagle FM
See also
List of radio stations in Australia
List of Alive 90.5 programs
References
Category:Radio stations in Sydney
Category:Radio stations established in 1992
Category:Community radio stations in Australia
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Mauzac
Mauzac may refer to:
Mauzac (grape), a grape variety mainly grown in the Limoux and Gaillac regions near Toulouse in France
Mauzac noir, another wine grape that is grown in Southwest France
Mauzac, Haute-Garonne, a commune of the Haute-Garonne département in France
Mauzac-et-Grand-Castang, a commune in the Dordogne department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France
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The Vineyard Hotel
The Vineyard is a 5-star hotel, restaurant and spa based near Newbury, Berkshire, United Kingdom. It has won a number of awards and is the primary restaurant of Chef Daniel Galmiche
. It has 49 rooms and suites, dining room, spa and conference/event facilities. It is a part of the Relais & Châteaux group.
History
The building was originally an 18th-century hunting lodge owned by the Foley family, who owned land locally. Grace, daughter of Thomas Lord Foley, wife of James Hamilton Earl of Clanbrassil (Viscount Limerk, Baron Clanboy) was the last of the Foley family. She died in 1748 without an heir and the land was sold to a Rev. Hartley in the mid 19th Century. The lodge was later owned by the Sutton Estate. By the 1960s the building was rented out as flats.
In 1969, Foley Lodge was converted into a restaurant and banqueting centre. In 1978 it was refurbished as The Foley Lodge hotel. Sir Peter Michael purchased the property in 1996 and relaunched it under the current name 'The Vineyard' in March 1998.
The hotel is owned by the Michael family, headed by Sir Peter Michael, who was one of the founders of Classic FM.
Art collection
The hotel features sculpture and paintings by Diane Maclean, William Pye, Henri Martin, Ronald Searle, Boris Smirnoff and Doris Zinkeisen.
Awards and recognitions
Restaurant of the Year 2012 - Decanter Magazine/ Laurent Perrier Awards
Sommelier of the Year 2011 (Yohann Jousselin)
AA - 5 Red Stars
Rising Chef - Relais & Châteaux Trophies (Daniel Galmiche)
Good Spa Guide 2012 – Best Customer Service shortlist
Imbibe Wine List of the Year 2012
External links
References
Category:Hotels in Berkshire
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Y. D. Tiwari
Yisu Das Tiwari (1911–1997) was an Indian theologian and a leading participant in Hindu-Christian dialogue.
He was a scholar in Sanskrit, Hindi and Greek. The Bible Society of India entrusted him with revision of the Hindi Bible (New Testament) into a contemporary version.
History
Yisu Das Tiwari was born Badri Prasad Tiwari into a Vaishnavite family in Agra in 1911 to Smt. Rajkunwar and Pandit Hari Govind Tiwari. As a growing youth, Tiwari was influenced by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, founder of the Arya Samaj and Swami Rama Tirtha.
It was during his college days, that he came under the influence of Canon Holland, E. Stanley Jones, C. F. Andrews and others. After a reading of the Gospel according to Saint John, he took keen interest in the studies of the Bible and devotional writings of Christian mystics. Jesus Christ became his Ishta deva. However, his newfound faith did not go well with his family members who sent him for internment to a mental asylum.
Tiwari however became a Christian and chose to be baptised in January 1935 under the aegis of the Baptist Missionary Society.
He later joined Mahatma Gandhi's Ashram in Wardha and began to follow Gandhi's teachings. He swore to uphold Satya and began to wear khadi clothes.
Simultaneously, Tiwari began growing in his new-found faith in Jesus Christ and chose to become a priest. He was ordained by the Baptist Missionary Society.
Contribution
Translation of Scriptures
It was William Carey who first brought out the Hindi Bible
In the latter half of the twentieth century, the Bible Society of India took upon the task of translating the existing versions of the Bible into contemporary versions. As early as 1956, the Hindi Common Language Translation Panel headed by Y. D. Tiwari came out with the Gospel according to Mark. In due course of time, the other books of the New Testament were also translated from the original Greek into Hindi.
Translations (year-wise)
1956, Gospel according to Mark in Hindi.
1958, Epistle to the Philippians in Hindi.
1959, Gospel according to John in Hindi.
1961, Gospel according to St John in Hindi.
1962, Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles in Hindi.
1967, New Testament in Hindi.
Teaching
Tiwari began his career as a teacher in schools - Mission School, Kotgarh, Shimla, and Baptist Mission School, Agra, where he was the Head Master, before finally stepping onto the portals of seminaries. He first taught at the North India United Theological College in Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh before he moved to Serampore College, Serampore, West Bengal. He was Lecturer in Sanskrit and Philosophy of Religions at the Serampore College from 1963 to 1972. Notable among his students were D. S. Satyaranjan, Paulose Mar Paulose, G. Babu Rao and others.
Rev. Tiwari later taught at the Bishop's College, Kolkata from the academic year 1972-1973 onwards.
Appraisal
K. V. Mathew, Ph.D. (Edinburgh), Professor of Old Testament, Mar Thoma Theological Seminary, Kottayam:
K. P. Aleaz, D. Th. (South Asia Theological Research Institute), Professor of Religions, Bishop's College, Kolkata:
Honours
Baptist World Alliance
In the year 1955, Tiwari gave a talk on "We Preach Christ the Crucified Saviour" in London during the Golden Jubilee Celebrations of the Baptist World Alliance.
Senate of Serampore College (University)
India's first university, the Senate of Serampore College (University) in West Bengal conferred upon him a Doctor of Divinity, honoris causa in the year 1995.
See also
D. S. Amalorpavadass
Victor Premasagar
References
Further reading
Category:Translators of the Bible into Hindi
Category:Indian Christian theologians
Category:Indian Christian clergy
Category:Writers from Uttar Pradesh
Category:Indian Methodists
Category:Methodist theologians
Category:Methodist evangelists
Category:Methodist writers
Category:Converts to Protestantism from Hinduism
Category:Christian and Hindu interfaith dialogue
Category:Religious pluralism
Category:1911 births
Category:1997 deaths
Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni
Category:20th-century Indian translators
Category:Senate of Serampore College (University) faculty
Category:People in interfaith dialogue
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Nichols v. United States
Nichols v. United States, 578 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) does not require an individual to update his registration after departing a state.
Background
In 2003, Lester Ray Nichols was convicted of "traveling with intent to engage in illicit sexual conduct with a minor" under . Congress passed the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA) in 2006 and the United States Attorney General determined in 2007 that the law applied retroactively. When Nichols was released in December 2011, he complied with SORNA's registration requirements, registering as a sex offender in Kansas. In November 2012, Nichols abruptly decided to leave Kansas and move to Manila in the Philippines.
Nichols was arrested and charged with violating SORNA reporting requirements. He filed a motion to "dismiss the indictment on the ground that SORNA did not require him to update his registration in Kansas"; however his motion was denied and "Nichols conditionally pleaded guilty, reserving his right to appeal the denial of his motion."
On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed his conviction. In a 2013 case involving a man from the Kansas City area who had also moved to the Philippines, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held in United States v. Lunsford that the defendant had no obligation to update his registration. The U.S. Supreme Court granted certiorari to resolve the circuit split.
Opinion of the Court
Associate Justice Samuel Alito authored a unanimous decision holding that a plain text reading of SORNA applies to a place in which a resident resides, not resided. Because the Philippines is a foreign jurisdiction where SORNA is inapplicable and because the law uses the present tense, Nichols had no obligation under this federal law to update his registration. Under Kansas state law and under the subsequently enacted federal legislation, Nichols does have an obligation to update his registration information.
References
External links
SCOTUSblog coverage
Category:United States Supreme Court cases
Category:United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
Category:2016 in United States case law
Category:Philippines–United States relations
Category:Sex offender registries in the United States
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Pariśiṣṭa
(Devanagari: परिशिष्ट, "supplement, appendix, remainder") are Sanskrit supplementary texts appended to another fixed, more ancient text – typically the Vedic literature – that aim to "tell what remains to be told". These have style of sutras, but less concise. According to Max Mueller, the parisista of the Vedas, "may be considered the very last outskirts of Vedic literature, but they are Vedic in character, and it would be difficult to account for their origin at any time except the expiring moments of the Vedic age."
Within the early Sanskrit texts, 18 parisishtas are mentioned, but numerous more have survived into the modern era, likely composed later. Parisista exists for each of the four Vedas. However, only the literature associated with the Atharvaveda is extensive and 74 parisishtas are known, some in the form of dialogues. The Vedic parisistas generally present rituals, ceremonies, nature of hymns, and opinions of other scholars about certain aspects of the primary text. The Atharvaveda parisishtas include omens in addition, and sections of it have survived in very corrupted form that is difficult to elucidate or interpret.
Rigveda
The is a very late text associated with the Rigveda canon. It is a short text of three chapters expanding on domestic rites such as the daily sandhyopāsana and rites of passage such as marriage and śrāddha.
The Bahvricha parisishta and Sankayana parisishta are also attached to the Rigveda.
Samaveda
The , ascribed to Gobhilaputra, is a concise metrical text of two chapters, with 113 and 95 verses respectively. Its subjects are covered in a manner clear to those who understand Vedic Sanskrit. The first chapter deals with physical aspects of sacred cosmic rituals e.g. names of the 37 types of sacred fires, the rules and measurements for the firewood, preparation of the holy site and the timings of each cosmic activity. The second chapter deals mainly with major domestic rites such as matrimony or Shrāddha (communication with ancestral beings). Noteworthy are injunctions such as that a girl should be given away in marriage before she attains puberty.
A second short text, the has roughly similar coverage.
Yajurveda
(White)
The , ascribed to , consist of 18 works enumerated self-referentially in the fifth of the series (the ): Six other works of parisista character are also traditionally ascribed to , including a work of identical name () but different contents. How many of these 24 are actually due to is dubious; in all probability, they were composed by different authors at different times, with the and the being among the latest as they mention the others.
(Black)
The Yajurveda has 3 parisistas:
The , which is also found as the second praśna of the , specifies the duties of the priest in haviryajñas other than the (New and Full Moon sacrifice).
The .
The .
Atharvaveda
For the Atharvaveda, there are 79 works, collected as 72 distinctly named parisistas.
Notes
References
BR Modak, The Ancillary Literature of the Atharva-Veda, New Delhi, Rashtriya Veda Vidya Pratishthan, 1993,
CG Kashikar, A Survey of the , Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Post-Graduate and Research Dept. Series #38), 1994
SC Chakrabarti, "A Survey of the by C.G. Kashikar", Journal of the Asiatic Society, Vol.XLVI, no.3, Kolkata, 2004,
Category:Hindu texts
Category:Vedas
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Collector road
A collector road or distributor road is a low-to-moderate-capacity road which serves to move traffic from local streets to arterial roads. Unlike arterials, collector roads are designed to provide access to residential properties. Rarely, jurisdictions differentiate major and minor collector roads, the former being generally wider and busier.
Specifications
Collector roads can vary widely in appearance. Some urban collectors are wide boulevards entering communities or connecting sections. Others are residential streets, which are typically wider than local roads, although few are wider than four lanes. Small-scale commercial areas can be found on collector roads in residential areas. Key community functions such as schools, churches, and recreational facilities can often be found on collector roads.
A collector road usually consists of a mixture of signaled intersections, roundabouts, traffic circles, or stop signs, often in the form of a four‑way stop. Two-way stops are generally used at intersections with local streets that favour traffic movement on the collector. In North America, a collector road normally has traffic lights at an intersection with an arterial road, whereas roundabouts and two-way stops are more commonly used in Europe.
Speed limits are typically 20‑35 mph (or 30‑55 km/h) on collector roads in built-up areas, depending on the degree of development and frequency of local access, intersections, and pedestrians, as well as the surrounding area (the speed tends to be lowest in a school zone). Traffic calming is occasionally used in older areas on collector roads as well.
Development
Collector roads can originate in several different ways. Most often, they are planned within a suburban layout and built expressly for that purpose; occasionally, they fill gaps in a grid system between arterial roads. Urban planners often consider such roads when laying out new areas of development because infrastructure for utilities such as electric power distribution lines, trunk sewers and water mains can be built through the same corridor.
References
External links
UK Government Planning Portal: Glossary: D
Category:Types of roads
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Jim Alexander (photographer)
Jim Alexander (born August 7, 1935) is an American documentary photographer, photojournalist, activist, and teacher who is best known for being a “Participant Observer” and his photographs of human rights and black culture. In 1995, he was the first artist selected in the annual “Master Artist” program conducted by the City of Atlanta Office of Cultural Affairs. He would later be inducted into The HistoryMakers in 2006.
Early life
Alexander was born James Alexander on August 7, 1935, in Waldwick, New Jersey as one of 12 children to auto mechanic David Alexander, and Frances James Alexander. He attended Waldwick Public School and Ramsey High School. He grew up during a time where the opportunities for Blacks in America to economically advance were few.
Career
Beginnings
In 1952, Alexander joined the U.S. Navy at the age of 17. During his time in Naval boot camp in Bainbridge, MD, one event would help shape the course of his entire life; Alexander won his first camera, a Kodak "Brownie Hawkeye" in a friendly dice game. Immediately putting his new camera to use, Alexander sold photographs to the other sailors for fifty cents each.
Once he finished boot camp, he was transferred to a naval base in Charleston, S.C. to begin training as a diesel engineman. While in Charleston he asked the naval base photographer to look over some of his work, and he began teaching him about 35mm and large format photography. After leaving the Navy in 1956, Alexander put photography on hold for several years. He managed a pool hall and detailed cars. He lived above the pool hall, which was called a rooming house. The rooms were rented for $9 a week. That room and tiny bed became Alexander's home during what he called his "street time."
In 1964 he moved to Ridgewood, New Jersey from Paterson where he lived following his discharge and launched his professional career as a freelance photographer. Alexander completed courses for a certificate in business organization and management at Rutgers University, while he worked as general manager of a newspaper delivery service. He also enrolled at New York Institute of Photography (NYIP) and earned a degree in commercial photography in 1968. He later became a part of NYIP Famous Alumni
During the height of the human rights movement, Alexander began documenting the anti-war and civil rights movement, and later the local and national responses to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr's assassination in 1968. His photographs included: marches, rallies, conferences, meetings, festivals, concerts, and Black life as a whole. He entitled the body of work Spirits/Martyrs/Heroes and continued to add photographs to the collection over the ensuing years The collection ranges from the 1960s to the present. It encompasses a variety of subjects from the human and civil rights movement, politics, music, art, and everyday individuals who were consistent in their pursuit of equality.
On a bus trip from Ridgewood, New Jersey to New York, Alexander met Eric Maristany. They both were traveling with cameras, so conversation between the two sparked. Maristany worked at a filmstrip company in Ridgewood and invited Alexander to visit the studio. After visiting the studio a few days later, he met owner Richard Bruner, and staff of Bruner Productions; producers of educational and civil rights movement filmstrips. He became a volunteer at the studio after gaining respectability as a documentary photographer. Alexander began freelancing at Bruner Productions.
Music icons
Alexander is also known for his document of Black inspired music, prominently jazz and blues. When he photographed different events, he realized that the event would open with a musical selection. He started to appreciate the influence music had on the African American community, and it revealed the importance of musicians. "I am just a lover of music. There was a lot going on in the '50s and '60s, in New Jersey, where all the little clubs or corner bars had a trio or quartet playing. I was really listening to the music." He then decided he would incorporate black music in his work. In 1988, Alexander curated his own exhibit entitled Blues Legacy for the first National Black Arts Festival.
He curated the Duke and Other Legends: Jazz Photographs by Jim Alexander that same year. The exhibit featured 50 classical jazz musicians that toured 13 southern cities through a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Southern Arts Federation. The resilience and creativity of African American culture captivates the world whether it is through music, art or the written word. Jazz music is just one example of the beauty birthed by African Americans in spite of the hatred and marginalization that was designed to break their spirits. Alexander juxtaposed images of the ugly barriers created by hatred as well as the elegant strength of those who dare to shatter them. He has spent years documenting jazz musicians such as Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, and Count Basie just to name a few.
Gordon Parks
Alexander met and became friends with documentary photographer Gordon Parks in 1968. Parks was influential in the direction of his photographic career. "A photo can be taken to build, or it can be taken to destroy, and that decision rests in the hands of the photographer." Alexander recognized how his photographs could affect the awareness of the subject and the viewer.
Moved to dedicate ten years of his life and work to documenting human rights and the Black experience; he shared this intention with Parks. Parks said, “that sounds good James, but your ass is going to starve; nobody is going to pay you just to run around shooting anything that interests you.” So Alexander decided to teach others the art of photography while shooting documentary work on the side. Parks approved his decision and told him, “That sounds better." Fifty plus years have surpassed since having that conversation with the late Gordon Parks, and Alexander continues his documentary work.
Alexander believes that each photo contains burrows that sends a message deep into the viewer's conscious. His photos have the aesthetic of a participant observer. As described by Alexander, "a participant observer acknowledges the undeniable influence of his mere presence, while pleading allegiance to the role of the spectator." Alexander's images help call attention to gross violations of human rights in the United States over the course of many decades.
Educator
Alexander has mentored and taught photography at various colleges and universities such as Yale University, Emory University, Fulton County Arts Council, Spelman College, TRIO and Upward Bound Programs at Clark College (better known as Clark Atlanta University), Morris Brown College, and Atlanta Metropolitan College.
In 1970, Alexander was hired as a consultant and photography instructor for Yale University's School of Art and Architecture's Black Environmental Studies Team (B.E.S.T) and The Black Workshop. He also served as executive director of a community arts organization from 1972 to 1976.
Atlanta became home to Alexander and his family in 1976 after he accepted a position as the director of audiovisual communications for the Atlanta Office of the Federation of Southern Cooperatives. This was a non-profit established to save, protect, and expand the landholdings of Black family farmers in the south.
At Clark College (better known as Clark Atlanta University), Alexander served as Photographer-in-Residence from 1984–1990. During his time at Clark Atlanta, Alexander established a mentoring program where he helped students who worked with the campus newspaper, yearbook, and various types of photography. He also documented meetings and events leading up to the historic ribbon cutting for the AU/CC CAU merger.
The Neighborhood Arts Center (NAC) originated in 1975, and became the heart of Atlanta's Black Arts Movement. The center was constructed in the image of Atlanta's first African American Mayor, Maynard Jackson. In 1977, Alexander became photographer in residence at The NAC. He was proactive in maintaining the historical values The NAC instituted. In 1978, Alexander documented a historic visit to the NAC by Romare Bearden, a legendary artist and author, and his wife Nanette Bearden.
As a strong believer in “art for people’s sake,” Alexander established an organization called, Freedom Arts Communications Team (F.A.C.T. INC.) in 1972. F.A.C.T. was a collective of artists; musicians, visual artists, poets, media professionals, community advocates, theater group members, and mentors. By launching a community arts festival, working with schools, the Police Athletic League and community development offices, they created a visiting artist program to serve youth and adults in the New Haven, CT area.
From 1996 – 1999, Alexander was a coordinator and instructor of the youth photography program called “As Seen by Teens” photography and journalism program. As Seen by Teens was a summer photojournalism program designed to give young students a better sense of themselves and their communities. Implemented by Nexus Contemporary Art Center, the program encouraged creativity while it challenged students to learn and show self-respect, achieve goals, and gain a marketable skill.
From 1998 – 2000, Alexander was director of Arts for All gallery and Community Events. VSA arts of Georgia (formally Arts for All) provided arts education and cultural arts opportunities for Georgians with disabilities, or who are disadvantage or institutionalized.
First World Bookstore
The love for education, reading, and black culture led Alexander to be a co-founder of First World Bookstores in Atlanta, GA during 1988. The store specialized in predominately African American books, gifts, and art; which eventually expanded to five bookstores in the metropolitan area until 1994.
Jim-Alex Studio Gallery
While in New Haven, CT Alexander opened a photo studio, Jim-Alex Studio Gallery in 1971. He exhibited the works of other photographers as well as his own. The studio became a meeting place and hub for artists and activists of all kinds. Community meetings were frequently held there, and The Connecticut Black Media Coalition was established at his studio. Alexander jokes, “Everything happened in my studio but photography.”
Organizations
Alexander has been instrumental in the founding of several organizations of professional photographers, including the Photographers’ Collective, the Atlanta Photographers Group, and Zone Three. He is a founding member and past executive vice chairman of the National Black Media Coalition, and completed two terms as president of African Americans for the Arts, (AAFTA). Alexander is also a member of the American Photography Archives Group, (APAG) which is a 501(c)(3) non-profit resource organization for individuals who own or manage a privately held photography archive. Alexander belongs to the National Alliance of Artists from Historically Black Colleges and Universities (NAAHBU) which is an organization founded on May 19, 2000 on Morris Brown College campus in Atlanta, GA. The organization features artists that have taught, studied, or worked in art departments and programs at HBCUs.
Selected shows and exhibits
2018: Live the Legacy Series Installation #1, The National Center for Civil and Human Rights, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2018: The Spiritual Beauty & Resilience in America, National Center for the Study of Civil Rights and African-American Culture, Montgomery, AL. Group Show
2017: The Spiritual Beauty & Resilience in America, Warren-Britt Gallery, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL. Group Show
2017: Jim Alexander: Preserving the Legacy, Chace Upper Gallery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2017: Soulful Images by Jim Alexander, APEX Museum, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2017: The Atlanta Jazz Festival in Photographs, Arnika Dawkins Gallery, Atlanta, GA. Group Show
2017: Atlanta Jazz Festival: Forty Years, Chastain Art Gallery. Atlanta, GA. Group Show
2016: Jim Alexander: Participant Observer, Tubman African American Museum, Macon, GA. Solo Show
2015: On Being Black, Arnika Dawkins Gallery. Atlanta, GA. Group Show
2014: Romare at the NAC, Fulton County Arts and Culture Southwest Arts Center, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2014: Southern Connections: Bearden in Atlanta, Emory University's Michael C. Carlos Museum. Atlanta, GA. Invitational
2013: Congo Square to Symphony Hall, Lamar Dodd Art Center. Lagrange, GA. Solo Show
2012: The Quest for Black Citizenship in the Americas. Gallery of Art, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD. Group Show
2012: In the Tradition, Buckhead Library, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2011: Black Music After 1968: The Photography of Jim Alexander, Harvey B. Gantt Center, Charlotte, NC. Solo Show
2009: Blues Roots and Branches, Central Library Art Gallery, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2009: Faces in the Arts: Through the Lens of Jim Alexander, Southwest Arts Center Performance Theater and Gallery, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2009: Jazz Photography by Jim Alexander, Hayti Heritage Center, Durham, NC. Solo Show
2008: Classic Jazz: Photos by Jim Alexander, The Metro Toronto Convention Centre. Toronto, Ontario Canada. Solo Show
2008: Peace, Unity North Atlanta Church. Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2008: The Masters Series Reunion, City Gallery East, Atlanta, GA. Group Show
2007: Spirits / Martyrs / Heroes, Broadway & LRC Galleries. Passaic County Community College, Paterson, NJ. Solo Show
2006: Jazz, Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2005: A Century of African-American Art: Selections from The Paul R. Jones Collection, Museum of Fine Art, Spelman College, Atlanta, GA. Group Show
2005: Jim Alexander: Photographer, Hammond's House Galleries, Atlanta, GA. Solo Retrospective Show
2005: Return to the Source, Benjamin and Jeanette Cox Gallery, Avery Research Center. Charleston, SC. Solo Show
2004: Jim Alexander Photographs From the Darlene and Herbert Charles Collection, African-American Hall of Fame, Morehouse College. Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2003: Enduring Legacy: Photographs by Jim Alexander, Schatten Gallery, Emory University. Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2002: Jim Alexander: Photographer, Atlanta History Center. Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
2000: Still Here: Swinging, Jazz Photographs by Jim Alexander, NBAF 2000, Virginia Lacy Jones Exhibition Hall. Atlanta University Center, Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
1999: An All Ellington Evening, Birmingham Museum of Art. Birmingham, AL. Solo Show
1993 – 1996: Beyond Category: The Musical Genius of Duke Ellington, National Museum of American History. Washington, D. C. Three-Year National Tour, Invitational
1995: Jim Alexander: Telling Our Story, City Gallery East. Atlanta, GA. Inaugural Atlanta Masters Exhibit. Solo Show (Atlanta Olympics)
1990: Art is Jazz / Jazz is Art, Museum of African American Art. Los Angeles, CA. Invitational
1988 – 1989: Duke and Other Legends: Jazz Photographs by Jim Alexander. Exhibit Toured Museums and Galleries in Ten Southern States. Solo Show
1988: Blues Legacy, Apex Museum. Atlanta, GA. Solo Show
1986: Atlanta Artists, Lunds Kunsthall Sweden. Lund, Sweden. Group Show
Collections
Works by Alexander are held in the following collections:
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
MARBL, The Rose Library Emory University, Atlanta, GA
Museum of Contemporary Art of Georgia (MOCA GA) Collection, Atlanta, GA
Paul R. Jones Collections University of Alabama & University of Delaware
Atlanta University Center Collection, Atlanta, GA
Harvey B. Gantt Center Collection, Atlanta, GA
Auburn Avenue Research Library, Atlanta, GA
Yale University, New Haven, CT
Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport Art Collection, Atlanta, GA
Clark Atlanta University Collection, Atlanta, GA
Maynard Jackson, Atlanta, GA
Charleston Jazz Initiative Archives, Charleston, SC
Hammonds House Museum, Atlanta, GA
City of Atlanta Art Collection, Atlanta, GA
Fulton County Arts Collection, Atlanta, GA
Bunnie Jackson-Ransom, Atlanta, GA
Calvin W. McLarin, MD, Atlanta, GA
Clark Atlanta University Collection, Atlanta, GA
Maynard Jackson, Atlanta, GA
Metro Atlanta Cardiology Consultants, Atlanta, GA
Southwest Dialysis Clinic, Atlanta, GA
William Cleveland, MD, Atlanta, GA
References
Category:1935 births
Category:African-American educators
Category:African-American photographers
Category:Living people
Category:New York Institute of Photography alumni
Category:People from Paterson, New Jersey
Category:People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
Category:People from Waldwick, New Jersey
Category:Photographers from New Jersey
Category:Ramsey High School (New Jersey) alumni
Category:Rutgers University alumni
Category:United States Navy personnel
Category:Educators from New Jersey
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Zesshō
Zesshō may refer to:
Zesshō (1958 film), a 1958 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Eisuke Takizawa
Zesshō (1975 film)
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Lawrence Street
Lawrence Charles Street (4 February 1920 – April 2004) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket in four matches for Warwickshire in 1946. He was born at Erdington in Birmingham and died at Hitchin in Hertfordshire, though the precise date of his death is not known.
Street was a lower-order right-handed batsman and a right-arm fast-medium bowler and played occasional games for Warwickshire's second eleven before the Second World War. He played four early-season games in 1946 at a time when county selection was hampered by slow demobilisation of war-time troops; in his first match, he took two Somerset wickets for 15 runs as Warwickshire dismissed their opponents for just 55. But in his three other matches he took only one more wicket, and a month after his debut his first-class cricket career was over.
References
Category:1920 births
Category:2004 deaths
Category:English cricketers
Category:Warwickshire cricketers
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Xoca
Xoja () is a 2012 Azerbaijani drama film directed, written, and co-produced by Vahid Mustafayev based loosely on the Khojaly Massacre during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The film stars Ilgar Musayev, Nigar Bahadirqizi and Telman Aliyev.
Background and structure
The neo-expressionist feature film is based on the story of a young, soon to be married Azerbaijani couple Aliakbar (Ilgar Musayev) and Gunel (Nigar Bahadirqizi), which unfolds against a fictional backdrop of Khojaly Massacre.
Cast
Ilgar Musayev as Aliakbar
Nigar Bahadirqizi as Gunel
Telman Aliyev as Gunel's father
Najiba Huseynova as Gunel's mother
Azer Aydemir as Yura Cherniy
Mina Sovetskaya as Mehriban
Release
The British release of Xoca was on 24 February 2013 and were shown in London's The Princess Anne Theatre.
Accolades
Xoca won several awards. At the 2012 Cairo International Film Festival, it was named best international drama of the year.
The film were featured in various international film festivals, including at International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival and Fajr International Film Festival. The film were submitted to Yerevan International Film Festival, but jury declined to accept it.
See also
Khojaly Massacre
Black January
References
External links
Category:2012 films
Category:2010s war drama films
Category:Azerbaijani-language films
Category:English-language films
Category:Nonlinear narrative films
Category:Works about Khojaly Massacre
Category:Azerbaijani films
Category:Azerbaijani drama films
Category:Nagorno-Karabakh War films
Category:Films directed by Vahid Mustafayev
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Tehri Garhwal district
Tehri Garhwal is a district in the hill state of Uttarakhand, India. Its administrative headquarters is at New Tehri. The district has a population of 618, 931 (2011 census), a 2.35% increase over the previous decade. It is surrounded by Rudraprayag District in the east, Dehradun District in the west, Uttarkashi District in the north, and Pauri Garhwal District in the south.tehri garhwal is a part of himalaya
Etymology
The name Tehri has been derived from Trihari, signifying a place that washes away the three types of sins – sins born out of Mansa, Vacha and Karmana or thought, word and deed, respectively. Garh in Hindi means fort.
History
Early
Prior to 888 AD, the region was divided into 52 garhs which were ruled by independent kings. These garhs were brought into one province by Kanakpal, the prince of Malwa. Kanakpal, on his visit to Badrinath, had met the then mightiest king Bhanu Pratap who later married his only daughter to the prince and handed over his kingdom to him. Kanakpal singh and his descendants gradually conquered all the garhs and ruled the whole of Garhwal Kingdom for the next 915 years, up to 1803.
Garhwal Kingdom
Tehri Garhwal or Garhwal Kingdom, was a princely state, ruled by the Parmar (Shah) dynasty. Later, it became a part of the Punjab Hill States Agency of British India, which consists of the present day Tehri Garhwal District and most of the Uttarkashi district. In 1901, it had an area of about and a population of 268,885. The ruler was given the title of raja, but after 1913, he was honoured with the title of Maharaja. The ruler was entitled to salutes of 11 guns and had a privy purse of rupees 300,000. The princely state acceded to India on 1 August 1949.
Gorkha Rule
Gorkhas were expanding their kingdom. Gorkhas Started invading and occupying on other Kingdoms. In 1803, the Gorkhas invaded over Garhwal. The Gorkha army generals Subba Amar Singh, Hastidal Chautariya, Bamshah Chautariya and Ranjor Thapa commanded a huge army in the crusade against King Pradyumna Shah and his sons Kunwar Parakrama Shah and Kunwar Pritam Shah. Garhwal Army fought with the Gorkhas at Khurhbure where the Garhwal king was killed. Gradually, the Gorkhas occupied Dehradun, Saharanpur, Kangada and Shimla and later on extended their kingdom up to Kangra.
From 1787 to 1812, the Gorkhas invaded and occupied nearly 200 villages which were under the control of the East India Company. The British argued with the king but to no avail. Finally, the Gurkha War began in 1814, when an army of 8,000 under Major General Marley attacked Kathmandu. Four thousand soldiers under Major General Wood started an operation from Gorakhpur and 3,500 soldiers attempted to take over Dehradun under Major General Zileswy. Finally, the British army captured Dehradun on 30 November 1814.
The British Army then moved towards Kumaon. After a fierce battle, the Gorkha commanders Hastidal and Jayrakha were killed at Vinayathal. The war ended with the Sugauli Treaty, signed on 2 December 1815 and ratified on 4 March 1816 by Gorkha supreme commander Bamshah and thus, British rule started in the hills. The East India Company then merged Kumaon, Dehradun and east Garhwal into the British Empire while west Garhwal was given Back to Sudarshan Shah which then became known as Tehri Riyasat.
New capital
King Sudarshan Shah established his capital at Tehri town and afterwards his successors Pratap Shah, Kirti Shah and Narendra Shah established their capital at Pratap Nagar, Kirtinagar and Narendra Nagar, respectively. Their dynasty ruled over this region from 1815 to 1949. During the Quit India Movement people of this region actively worked for the independence of the country. Ultimately, when the country was declared independent in 1947, the inhabitants of Tehri Riyasat (Tehri State) started their movement to free themselves from the clutches of the maharaja.
Due to this movement, the situation became out of his control and it was difficult for him to rule over the region. Consequently, the 60th king of Pawar Vansh, Manvendra Shah, accepted the sovereignty of the Indian government. Thus, in August 1949, Tehri Riyasat was merged into Uttar Pradesh and was given the status of a new district, the Rudraprayag district. Subsequently, on 24 February 1960, the state government separated its one tehsil which was given the status of a separate district named Uttarkashi. Former royal palace of the Maharaja of Tehri Garhwal at Narendra Nagar, now houses the Ananda–In the Himalayas spa, established 2000.
Economy
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Tehri Garhwal one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the three districts in Uttarakhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Crops
Dry season crops include wheat, barley, masoor, Bengal and red gram, rape seed and mustard, and pea. Wet season crops include rice, barnyard millet, finger millet, black gram, sesame and soybean. Various fruits and spices grow in the district also.
Assembly Constituencies
Ghanshali (SC)
Deoprayag
Narendranagar
Pratapnagar
Tehri
Dhanolti
Administrative setup
The district of Tehri Garhwal is divided into two subdivisions: Kirti Nagar and Tehri-Pratap Nagar. It has seven tehsils, one sub-tehsil, nine blocks, two municipalities and four town area committees. The district covers 76 nagar panchayats and 928 gram panchayats. It has 1,847 revenue villages and 2,508 clusters.
Major towns
New Tehri, Uttarakhand
Kanha
Chamba
Ghansali
Chamiyala
Kothiyara
Deoprayag
Kirtinagar
Odadhar
Bhatwara
Ghuttu
Satiyala Bhilang
Villages
Near New Tehri Town and Ghanshali
PATTI Raika
ब्लॉक जौनपुर(पट्टी दशजुला)
Sinjal
Khatt
Bhal
Aginda
Marar
Than
Bhengi
Padiya
Sem
KolDhar
Ghandydki
. Baseli
Kanda
Okhla
Raulakot
Bair Baggi
Nakot
Banali
Montana
Chundhar
Kotga
Punsada
Ruina
Patanya
Madan Negi
Kangsali
Dhar Kot
Bangdwara
pratap nagar
Pipola
Tipri
Uthad
Bhatwara
Thela
Tharti
pilkhi
Baunsla
Banchuri
Ghanti
Thapla
Dwari
Bhonr
Malyakot
Pundoli
Nail Chami
Badiyargaon
Hulanakhal
Dhamatoli
Saman Gaon
Balma
Baggi
padagali
satiyala
Kond
Painuyala
Budogi
Patta
Kaimsari
Gyansu
Navagar
Kandakholi
khimra
Kafald
Sonyaat goan
Near Gajja
Khand
Taila
CHandelii
Nakot
Ghar gaon
Dandali
Jakholi
Khola
Near Chamba
Dharsal Gaon
sabli
kanda
Pali
Fakot
Bhona Bagi
Jhulak (Ramgaon)
Goldenvillage (sunar gaun)
Chopra ( Near Kamand )
Ramol Sari
Near Chinyali
Ghon
Near Chamiyala
Anuwan
Khwala Bahedi
ghansali
sendula
saransgaon
chakursera
gangar
kemar
shrikot
shen
sunerighad
dewli
badwali kumarghaw
dung
shenj
kastal
samendidhar
Jakhani po lambguwan Dhanendra semwal (danni)
Titrana Chond
Bhadoli Near Bagwan
Near Ghuttu
Satiyala
Raitgaon
Malla Gawana
Rishidhar
Kandargoan
chadoli
jogiyada
devling
Kailbagi
Bhatgaun
Dogi Patti
Bankatal
Bhairgarh
Silkani
Bairai Gaon
Ghigud
Kakhoor
Tipri
Kyara
Kotar
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Tehri Garhwal district has a population of 618,931, roughly equal to the nation of Solomon Islands or the US state of Vermont. This gives it a ranking of 520th in India (out of a total of 688). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 1.93%. Tehri Garhwal has a sex ratio of 1078 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 75.1%.
The major first language of the district is Garhwali, accounting for 90% of the population according to the 2011 census. Hindi is widely used as a lingua franca, but is the first language of only 6% of the people. Other languages spoken include Jaunsari (1%) and Nepali (0.95%).
Hindus number 596,769; Muslims 6,390 (1.05%); and Sikhs 561
Modern developments
In the 1960s, Tehri Garhwal extended much farther east than it currently does. In 1997, much of the eastern portion of Tehri Garhwal was detached and merged with portions of the Pauri Garhwal district and the Chamoli district to form the Rudraprayag district.
Notable people
Anand Sharan Raturi (born 1919), educator
Sundar Lal Bahuguna (Environmentalist)
References
External links
Complete Uttarakhand Information
Complete Garhwal Information
Category:Districts of Uttarakhand
Category:Districts of India
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Andrzej Cofalik
Andrzej Bogdan Cofalik is a weightlifter from Poland. He won the Bronze medal in the 83 kg in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
References
Category:Polish male weightlifters
Category:Olympic weightlifters of Poland
Category:Weightlifters at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Weightlifters at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Poland
Category:Olympic medalists in weightlifting
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Rybnik County
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Shogun Iemitsu Shinobi Tabi
was a pair of television jidaigeki series on TV Asahi in Japan. The first aired in 1990–1991 and the sequel in 1992–1993. Kunihiko Mitamura portrayed Tokugawa Iemitsu in both series.
The show premiered on October 13, 1990, as an off-season replacement for the popular Abarenbo Shogun. It shared several cast members with Abarenbo Shogun, including Reiko Takashima, Ayako Tanaka and some minor guest actors. The final episode aired on March 30, 1991. The sequel ran during the same months of 1992–1993.
Story
In 1634, the third Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu visited Kyoto in a lavish procession, accompanied by more than 300,000 followers. The premise of the television series is that he refused to ride in the palanquin. Instead, he walked in disguise as Tokuyama Takenoshin, a ronin. Accompanying him were Yagyū Jūbei, Isshin Tasuke, a pickpocket named Otsuta, and male and female ninja. Riding in the palanquin was a kagemusha, an actor named Shinkichi. His entourage included Ōkubo Hikozaemon, Lady Kasuga, Matsudaira Nobutsuna, and various ladies-in-waiting. Going to Kyoto, the entourage followed the Tōkaidō. At various places along the way, a (fictional) half-brother of Iemitsu, Tsuzuki, attempted to assassinate him, with the assistance of Fūma ninja.
The sequel, Shogun Iemitsu Shinobi Tabi Part II, depicts the return to Edo. This time the group travels along the Nakasendō, passing through territory that had recently been held by the Sanada clan. Takenoshin rescues a princess (Shizu, in disguise under the name Isuzu), who, viewers later learn, is a daughter of Ishida Mitsunari in league with Mugensai, formerly the chief ninja of the late Ishida Mitsunari. Mugensai has lied to the princess in order to get her to assassinate Iemitsu.
Cast
Kunihiko Mitamura as Tokugawa Iemitsu disguised as Tokuyama Takenoshin
Korokke as Shinkichi
Hisako Manda as Otsuta
Toyokazu Minami as Isshin Tasuke
Hiroshi Katsuno as Yagyū Jūbei
Shigeru Kōyama as Ōkubo Hikozaemon
Ryō Tamura as Matsudaira Izu no Kami Nobutsuna (original series)
Reiko Takashima as Kaede, a lady-in-waiting (original series); Makiko Yamada (Part II)
Ayako Tanaka as Aya, a lady-in-waiting
Ken Nishida as Mugensai (Part II)
Yoshimi Ashikawa as Princess Shizu, disguised as Lady Isuzu (Part II)
Yuki Yukie as Kikue, her attendant
Kyōko Tsujisawa as Okaru, lead actress of the traveling company
Notes
References
Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897
This article includes material from 将軍家光忍び旅 (Shōgun Iemitsu Shinobi Tabi) in the Japanese Wikipedia, retrieved on September 23, 2007.
Category:1990 Japanese television series debuts
Category:1993 Japanese television series endings
Category:Jidaigeki television series
Category:TV Asahi shows
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Françoise Journet
Françoise Journet (born Lyon, died Paris 1720) was a French operatic soprano.
Beginning her career at the Lyon Opera, Journet eventually became a pupil of Marie Le Rochois in Paris. In 1699 she appeared as Mélisse in the premiere of Amadis de Gréce by Destouches and subsequently created a number of important roles in operas by Marin Marais and Campra. She also sang in revivals of the operas of Lully and others. Her successor, in many of her roles, was Marie Antier.
A full-length portrait of Journet as Iphigénie was painted by Jean Raoux.
Roles created
Mélisse in André Cardinal Destouches's Amadis de Gréce (Paris, 1699)
The title role in André Campra's Iphigénie en Tauride (Paris, 1704)
The title role in Marin Marais's Sémélé (Paris, 1709)
Isabelle in Campra's Les fêtes vénitiennes (Paris, 1710)
The title role in Destouches's Callirhoé (Paris, 1712)
Ilione in Campra's Idoménée (Paris, 1712)
Sources
Weller, Philip (1992), 'Journet, Françoise' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London)
Butin, Jean (2000), Ces Lyonnaises qui ont marqué leur temps, Editions Lyonnaises d'Art et d'Histoire (Lyon)
Category:French operatic sopranos
Category:1720 deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown
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The Songstress
The Songstress is the debut solo album by the American R&B/soul singer Anita Baker. It was originally released in 1983 by Beverly Glen Music, and was Baker's only album for that label prior to signing with Elektra Records with whom she had a string of hit albums. The Songstress was not a commercial success upon its initial release, though the album met with moderate success on the R&B charts. Notorious drug trafficker "Freeway" Rick Ross helped provide the money for the album.
Baker became a major international success after signing with Elektra Records (a division of Warner Music Group) in 1986, and Elektra acquired the rights to The Songstress and re-released it with a new cover in 1991. Between 1992-2007, the album sold 307,000 copies in the US according to SoundScan figures.
Reception
"No More Tears" peaked at number 49 on Billboard's Hot Black Singles chart, becoming Baker's first entry on the Billboard's singles chart; "Angel," number five on the same chart; "You're the Best Thing Yet," number 28.
Alex Henderson of AllMusic rated the album three and a half stars, praising her ballads and 'slow jams' (such as "No More Tears", "Angel", and "You're the Best Thing Yet"), calling them "honest [and] heartfelt", along with faster material such as "Squeeze Me" (which he referred to as "a sweaty taste of gospel-drenched funk.
Track listing
"Angel" (Patrick Moten, Sandra Sully) - 4:57
"You're the Best Thing Yet" (Moten, Geronne C. Turner) - 5:36
"Feel The Need" (Moten) - 5:35
"Squeeze Me" (Moten) - 4:40
"No More Tears" (Michael J. Powell) - 5:38
"Sometimes" (Moten, Sully) - 5:53
"Will You Be Mine" (Moten, Carlos Turrentine) - 5:24
"Do You Believe Me" (Moten) - 3:55
Personnel
Anita Baker – lead vocals
Patrick Moten – keyboards, rhythm section arrangements, BGV arrangements
David T. Walker – guitar
Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar
James Macon – guitar
Craig Cooper – guitar
Nathan East – bass
Raymond Calhoun – drums
James Gadson – drums
Otis Smith – BGV arrangements
Gene Page – string arrangements
Anthony T. Coleman – string contractor
Billy Page – string contractor
"The Waters": Maxine Waters, Julia Waters, Luther Waters and Oren Waters – backing vocals
Carmen Twillie – backing vocals
Phil Perry – backing vocals
Jim Gilstrap – backing vocals
Clydene Jackson – backing vocals
Bunny Hull – backing vocals
Production
Executive Producer – Otis Smith
Producers – Patrick Moten and Otis Smith
Engineer – Barney Perkins
Assistant Engineer – Tom Cummings
Recorded at Kendun Recorders (Burbank, CA).
Mastered by John Matousek at Hitsville Studios (Hollywood, CA).
Digital Remastered and Edited by John Matousek and Gerard Smerek at Soundworks West (Hollywood, CA).
Art Direction and Design – John Coulter Design
Artwork – Ginny Livingston
Original Photography – Richard Arrindell
Front Cover and Inside Photo – Kevin Winter
Back Cover Photo – Adrian Buckmaster
Charts
Singles
References
Category:1983 debut albums
Category:Anita Baker albums
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Lars Larsson (rower)
Lars Larsson (23 September 1911 – 1 March 1991) was a Swedish rower. He competed in the men's coxed four at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1911 births
Category:1991 deaths
Category:Swedish male rowers
Category:Olympic rowers of Sweden
Category:Rowers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Stockholm
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Jute cultivation
Jute is one of the important natural fibers after cotton in terms of cultivation and usage. Cultivation is dependent on the climate, season, and soil. Almost 85% of the world's jute cultivation is concentrated in the Ganges Delta.
This fertile geographic region is shared by both Bangladesh and India (mainly West Bengal). China also has a dominating place in jute cultivation. On a smaller scale, Thailand, Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan also cultivate jute.
Cultivation
To grow jute, farmers scatter the seeds on cultivated soil. When the plants are about 15–20 cm tall, they are thinned out. About four months after planting, harvesting begins. The plants are usually harvested after they flower, before the flowers go to seed. The stalks are cut off close to the ground. The stalks are tied into bundles and soaked in water for about 20 days. This process softens the tissues and breaks the hard [pectin] bond between the bast and [Jute hurd] (inner woody fiber stick) and the process permits the fibres to be separated. The fibres are then stripped from the stalks in long strands and washed in clear, running water. Then they are hung up or spread on thatched roofs to dry. After 2–3 days of drying, the fibres are tied into bundles. The suitable climate for growing jute is a warm and wet climate, which is offered by the monsoon climate during the fall season, immediately followed by summer. Temperatures ranging to more than 25 °C and relative humidity of 70%–90% are favorable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 160–200 cm of rainfall weekly with extra needed during the sowing period. River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute cultivation. Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8-5.8 is best for its cultivation. Plain land or gentle slope or low land is ideal for jute cultivation. Since the jute seeds are small in size, land should be prepared to fine tilling, which can be done by careful ploughing.
Retting
Retting is the process of extracting fibers from the long lasting life stem or bast of the bast fiber plants. The available retting processes are: mechanical retting (hammering), chemical retting (boiling & applying chemicals), steam/vapor/dew retting, and water or microbial retting. Among them, the water or microbial retting is a century old but the most popular process in extracting fine bast fibers. However, selection of these retting processes depends on the availability of water and the cost of retting process.
To extract fine fibers from jute plant, a small stalk is harvested for pre-retting. Usually, this small stalk is brought before 2 weeks of harvesting time. If the fiber can easily be removed from the Jute hurd or core, then the crop is ready for harvesting.
After harvesting, the jute stalks are tied into bundles and submerged in soft running water. The stalk stays submerged in water for 20 days. However, the retting process may require less time if the quality of the jute is better. In most cases, the fiber extraction process of bast fibers in water retting is done by the farmers while standing under water.
When the jute stalk is well retted, the stalk is grabbed in bundles and hit with a long wooden hammer to make the fiber loose from the jute hurd or core. After loosing the fiber, the fiber is washed with water and squeezed for dehydration. The extracted fibers is further washed with fresh water and allowed to dry on bamboo poles. Finally, they are tied into small bundles to be sold into the primary market.
Major producers
The Ganges delta contributes more than 80% of the jute production in the world. The Ganges delta can be sub-divided into the following geo-graphical regions in terms of jute cultivation:
Jat Area (Brahmaputra Alluvium): This comprises part of the districts of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Tangail, and Comilla of Bangladesh. The area annually receives fresh deposit of silts carried down by the flood water. Soils are acidic in, the texture varies from sand loam to clay loam. According to commercial quality, the best quality jute, the Jat type, grows in this area.
District Area (Ganges Alluvium): This comprises part of the districts of Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, Rajshahi, Pabna, and Dhaka of Bangladesh and major portion of West Bengal of India. This area has soil of slight alkaline clay loam to light loam in gray to dark gray color. The type of jute grown in this area is known as District Jute, which is next to Jat Jute in order of quality. The jute fibre grown in this region is further divided into two major varieties, such as: Hard District Jute and Soft District Jute.
''Northern Area'' (Teesta Silt): This comprises part of Dinajpur, Rangpur districts, East Bogra, and Sirajganj of Bangladesh and some parts of North Bihar Purnea and West Bengal of India. The region has sandy soil with low moisture retention capacity. Soil retention is slightly acidic. Northern type of Jute is inferior quality of the three commercial types.
Strengths of major jute producing countries
India, China, and Bangladesh are the three major producers in the cultivation or production of jute fiber.
India has taken advantage of recent improvements in the cultivation of jute to become the largest producer or cultivator of jute in the world. Using advanced production techniques, India also has dominance over the worldwide jute products market. Due to national law to use jute as packaging materials, India is the largest consumer of jute in the world.
Bangladesh is currently the second largest producer of jute fiber, now over taken by India. The Jat Area, popular for highest quality of jute fiber is located in Bangladesh. Therefore, Bangladesh is able to supply the highest quality of jute fiber in the world. However, Bangladesh falls behind its other competitors in applying recent technological advancements. In terms of world export of jute fiber, Bangladesh's share is more than 70%, which makes Bangladesh the largest exporter of jute fiber in the world.
China is the third largest in terms of jute cultivation. Due to China's huge population, the Chinese are not emphasizing the cultivation of jute, as it competes with other necessary crops. Due to modern effective agriculture, they have the highest yield of jute fiber in the world.
History
For centuries, jute has been an integral part of the culture of East Bengal and some parts of West Bengal, precisely in the southwest of Bangladesh. Since the seventeenth century, the British started trading in jute. During the reign of the British Empire jute was also used in the military. British jute barons grew rich processing jute and selling manufactured products made from jute. Dundee Jute Barons and the British East India Company set up many jute mills in Bengal and by 1895 jute industries in Bengal overtook the Scottish jute trade. Many Scots emigrated to Bengal to set up jute factories. More than a billion jute sandbags were exported from Bengal to the trenches during World War I and also exported to the southern United States region to bag cotton. It was used in the fishing, construction, art and the arms industry. Initially, due to its texture, it could only be processed by hand until it was discovered in Dundee that by treating it with whale oil, it could be treated by machine.
References
External links
.
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El colombian dream
El colombian dream is a 2006 Colombian comedy film directed by Felipe Aljure.
References
External links
Category:2000s comedy films
Category:Colombian films
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{
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National Register of Historic Places listings in Vernon County, Wisconsin
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Vernon County, Wisconsin, USA. It is intended to provide a comprehensive listing of entries in the National Register of Historic Places that are located in Vernon County, Wisconsin. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below may be seen in a map.
There are 23 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin
References
Vernon
*
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William Lambert Dobson
Sir William Lambert Dobson (24 April 1833 – 17 March 1898) was an English-born Australian politician, a Leader of the Opposition and Chief Justice of Tasmania, (Australia).
Early life
Dobson was born at Carr Hill,
Gateshead, Durham, England, the elder son of John Dobson, a solicitor at Gateshead, and his first wife Mary Ann, née Atkinson (1811–1837).
William was full brother to Frank and half-brother to Alfred and Henry Dobson.
William arrived in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) with his parents on 16 July 1834. He was educated at Christ College and The Hutchins School at Hobart. After leaving school Dobson spent 18 months in the public service, returned to England, and entered at the Middle Temple. At the Inns of Court examination held in June 1856 Dobson took first place and was admitted to the bar on 6 June 1856.
Career
Dobson returned to Tasmania at the end of 1856 and was admitted to practise as a barrister on 22 January 1857. In 1859 Dobson was appointed crown solicitor. Dobson was elected a member of the house of assembly for Hobart, was Solicitor-General in 1860 and on 6 February 1861 became Attorney-General in the second William Weston ministry. Dobson continued in this position when the ministry was reconstituted under Thomas Chapman, and remained in office until January 1863. Dobson represented Campbell Town 1864-70. When James Whyte became premier, Dobson was elected leader of the opposition, on 24 November 1866 became attorney-general again under Sir Richard Dry, holding the same position in the succeeding James Wilson ministry (after Dry's death) from 4 August 1869 to 5 February 1870. Dobson was then appointed a puisne judge in the Supreme Court of Tasmania, at just 36 years of age. In 1884 he was acting chief justice, and on 2 February 1885 became chief justice. He held this position until his death on 17 March 1898. Dobson acted as deputy-governor in 1884, 1886–87 and 1892-93.
Legacy
Dobson was chancellor of the University of Tasmania, president of the leading sporting bodies, vice-president of the Royal Society of Tasmania and the Art Society of Tasmania, and trustee of the Tasmanian museum, art gallery and botanical gardens. On 17 March 1859 Dobson married Fanny Louisa Browne (died 1935), daughter of Rev. William Henry Browne the archdeacon of Launceston, who survived him with a son and three daughters. Dobson was knighted in 1886 by Queen Victoria on a visit to London and appointed K.C.M.G. in 1897.
Dobson was a member of the Linnean Society, and much interested in botany and higher education generally. As a member of parliament he brought in the act which made education compulsory, and he was also responsible for the act abolishing imprisonment for debt. Although not giving the impression of being a brilliant lawyer, he was an exceedingly sound one; it has been stated that during his judicial career he never had a decision reversed by a higher court.
Brothers
One of Dobson's brothers Henry (1841 – 1918) was a premier of Tasmania. Another brother, Frank (1835–95) was a Solicitor-General of Victoria from 1881 to 1883, while a third brother, Alfred (1848–1908), was Attorney-General in the first Philip Fysh ministry from 1877 to 1878, leader of the opposition 1883 to 1884, and speaker of the house from July 1885 to 1887.
References
Category:1833 births
Category:1898 deaths
Category:Chief Justices of Tasmania
Category:Judges of the Supreme Court of Tasmania
Category:19th-century Australian judges
Category:Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Category:Solicitors-General of Tasmania
Category:Attorneys-General of Tasmania
Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Tasmania
Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Category:Colony of Tasmania judges
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Suicide mission
A suicide mission is a task which is so dangerous for the people involved that they are not expected to survive. The term is sometimes extended to include suicide attacks such as kamikaze and suicide bombings, whose perpetrators actively commit suicide during execution of the mission.
Distinctions
The risks involved with suicide missions are not always apparent to those participating in them or to those who plan them. However, for an action to be considered a suicide mission someone involved must be aware of the risks; therefore, a mission that goes horribly wrong is not a suicide mission. Rather, in some instances, an individual or group taking part in a mission may perceive the risks involved to be far greater than what they believe to be acceptable, while those planning or commanding the mission may think otherwise; these situations can lead to refusals to participate in missions on the basis that they are "suicide missions". Conversely, planners or commanders may be well aware of the risks involved with missions while those participating in them may not.
Military and wartime
In a military context, soldiers can be ordered to perform very dangerous tasks or can undertake them on their own initiative. For example, in the First World War, French soldiers mutinied en masse in 1917, after appalling losses convinced them that their participation at the front would inevitably lead to their deaths, and in October 2004, during the Iraq War, 17 soldiers in the US Army refused orders to drive unarmored fuel trucks near Baghdad, calling the task a "suicide mission". Those soldiers faced investigations for breakdown of discipline.
At the same time, many individuals or groups voluntarily undertake suicide missions in times of war. For example, both the Waffen SS and the Imperial Japanese Army were known for executing what could be labeled as suicide missions throughout the Second World War.
Suicide missions can also be an act of desperation, such as a last stand. The latter end of the Battle of Stalingrad could be seen as a suicide mission from the German perspective, as they were ordered to fight to the death with no option of surrendering nor chance of escape.
Special forces
Special forces units are often sent on missions that are exceedingly dangerous with the hope that their superior training and abilities will allow them to complete them successfully and survive. An example is the desperate attempt by two U.S. Delta Force snipers to protect a downed helicopter pilot (Michael Durant) from being killed or captured by masses of Somali militia during the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993. While the sniper team held off overwhelming numbers of Somalis long enough for the pilot to survive, both snipers were killed, and the pilot was eventually captured but then later released.
However, even special forces groups refuse to participate in some missions. Operation Mikado, a plan for a Special Air Service raid on Río Grande, Tierra del Fuego during the 1982 Falklands War, was ultimately not executed due in part to significant hostility from members of the SAS who saw the mission as exceedingly risky.
Armed hostage takings
Armed hostage takings, particularly those planned (e.g., by a terrorist group) for political purposes, could be considered suicide missions. As most governments have a policy of refusing to negotiate with terrorists, such incidents usually end with a bloody confrontation between the hostage takers and an armed force (e.g., police or military) attempting to free the hostages. In addition, such hostage takings often occur in a country foreign to the perpetrators, thereby limiting their chances of escape. Notable examples include the 1972 Munich massacre, the 1977 Landshut hijacking, the 1980 Iranian Embassy siege, the 1996 Japanese embassy hostage crisis, and the 2004 Beslan school hostage crisis. All of these high-profile hostage takings ended with the hostage takers being engaged by the military forces of the country in which the incident occurred, with the vast majority of the hostage takers being killed in the aftermath. The extent to which the hostage takers in each incident expected to survive or simply desired to capitalize on their publicity to send a message is a matter of speculation.
See also
Forlorn hope
Seppuku, also known as Harakiri
Kaiten
References
Category:Military operations by type
Mission
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1916 Cincinnati Reds season
The 1916 Cincinnati Reds season was a season in American baseball. The team finished tied for seventh and last place in the National League with the St. Louis Cardinals. Both teams finished with a record of 60–93, 33½ games behind the Brooklyn Robins
Off-season
In December, the Reds purchased shortstop Larry Kopf from the Philadelphia Phillies. In 1915, Kopf's first season getting regular playing time at the major league level, batted .225 with one home run and 33 RBI in 118 games. Later in the month, Cincinnati purchased the contracts of Federal League players Earl Moseley from the Newark Peppers, and second baseman Baldy Louden from the Buffalo Blues. Moseley had a 15-15 record and a league best 1.91 ERA with the Pepper in 1915, while Louden batted .281 with four home runs and 48 RBI, and stole 30 bases with the Blues.
In early 1916, the Reds purchased first baseman Hal Chase from the Buffalo Blues of the Federal League. Chase led the league with 17 home runs in 1915, and batted .289 and also had 89 RBI in 145 games. Chase had a lot of previous experience in the American League, playing for the New York Yankees and Chicago White Sox from 1905 until 1914. Cincinnati then purchased the contract of shortstop Bob Fisher from the Chicago Cubs. Fisher batted .287 with five home runs and 53 RBI in 147 games, and led the National League with 42 sacrifice bunts.
On February 10, the club announced more purchased contracts from the Federal League, as Cincinnati acquired pitchers Jim Bluejacket from the Brooklyn Tip-Tops and Al Schulz from the Buffalo Blues, and first baseman Emil Huhn from the Newark Peppers. Bluejacket had a record of 10-11 with a 3.15 ERA in 24 games with the Tip-Tops, while Schulz was 21-14 with a 3.08 ERA in 42 games with the Blues, striking out 168 batters, throwing 25 complete games, and he led the league with 149 walks. Huhn batted .227 with a home run and 41 RBI in 127 games with the Pepper.
Regular season
Early in the season, the Reds purchased the contract of pitcher Elmer Knetzer from the Boston Braves. Knetzer was acquired by Cincinnati on April 30, after he struggled in his first two games with Boston, going 0-2 with a 7.20 ERA. He would split his games with the Reds as a starting pitcher and reliever.
On July 20, with a record of 34-49 and in last place in the league, the Reds traded player-manager Buck Herzog and outfielder Red Killefer to the New York Giants for starting pitcher Christy Mathewson, third baseman Bill McKechnie and outfielder Edd Roush. Mathewson, who had struggled with the Giants in 1916, had a 3-4 record with a 2.33 ERA in 12 games. He would announce his retirement and become the Reds manager, however, Mathewson would appear in one game with Cincinnati as a starting pitcher. This would be Mathewson's first time as a manager. McKechnie had a .246 batting average with no home runs and 17 RBI at the time of the trade, while Roush was batting .188 with no home runs and five RBI in 39 games.
Season summary
After a solid 5-2 start in their first seven games, in which the Reds were in first place, the club struggled badly and by the middle of May, they were under .500 and falling out of the pennant race. On July 20, with a record of 34-49, the club was involved in a deal that centered on player manager Buck Herzog being traded to the New York Giants for Christy Mathewson. Mathewson announced his retirement from playing, and following a double header in which catcher Ivey Wingo was the interim manager, Mathewson took over.
The Reds continued to struggle under Mathewson, remaining in last place, until a three-game winning streak at the end of the season moved the team into seventh place tie with the St. Louis Cardinals. Cincinnati finished the season 60-93, which included a 25-43 record under Mathewson, and were 33.5 games behind the first place Brooklyn Robins. This marked the seventh consecutive season that the team finished under .500.
Offensively, the team was led by Hal Chase, who led the Reds with a .339 batting average, four home runs, 82 RBI and 22 stolen bases in 142 games. He led the National League in batting average, and hits with 184. Outfielder Tommy Griffith had a solid year, batting .266 with two home runs and 61 RBI in 155 games, while Edd Roush, acquired in the middle of the season, had a solid .287 average with 15 RBI and 15 stolen bases in 69 games.
On the mound, Fred Toney led the club with a 14-17 record and a team best 2.28 ERA in 41 games, pitching 300 innings, striking out 146 batters and completing 21 games. Twenty year old Pete Schneider showed lots of potential, despite a poor 10-19 record, he had a 2.69 ERA in 44 games. Clarence Mitchell was 11-10 with a 3.24 ERA in 29 games in his first full season with the club.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
References
1916 Cincinnati Reds season at Baseball Reference
Category:Cincinnati Reds seasons
Cincinnati Reds season
Cincinnati Reds
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Stephen Macedo
Stephen Macedo is the Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics at Princeton University, as well as the former Director for the University Center for Human Values at Princeton.
Education
He earned his B.A. at the College of William and Mary, Master's degrees at the London School of Economics and Oxford University, and his M.A. and Ph.D. at Princeton University. He was an early member of the Oxford Hayek Society.
Academic career
Macedo began his teaching career with the Harvard University Government Department. Next, he held the Michael O. Sawyer chair at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University, before taking the position he currently holds at Princeton University.
He writes and teaches on political theory, ethics, American constitutionalism, and public policy, with an emphasis on liberalism, justice, and the roles of schools, civil society, and public policy in promoting citizenship. He served as founding director of Princeton's Program in Law and Public Affairs (1999-2001). He recently served as vice president of the American Political Science Association and Chair of its first standing committee on Civic Education and Engagement, and in this capacity he is principal co-author of Democracy at Risk: Public Policy and the Renewal of American Citizenship.
Selected bibliography
Books
(Conference proceedings)
References
External links
Princeton University Center for Human Values
Macedo's Curriculum Vitae
Macedo's biography on Princeton's Politics department page
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:Harvard University faculty
Category:Syracuse University faculty
Category:Princeton University faculty
Category:College of William & Mary alumni
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Dún Laoghaire railway station
Dún Laoghaire (Mallin) railway station () is a station in Dún Laoghaire, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Ireland.
Services
Dún Laoghaire has two through platforms and one terminal platform. Unusually, the station building is on a bridge above the platforms, in a setup similar to Leixlip Louisa Bridge railway station. The station has a ticket office, automatic ticket machines and a small coffee shop. The ticket office is open between 05:45-00:06 AM, Monday to Sunday.
DART
From the inception of the Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART) service in 1984, all DART services stop at Dún Laoghaire.
Other services
Dún Laoghaire is on the intercity Dublin-Rosslare and commuter Dundalk-Dublin-Arklow-Gorey routes, and all trains on these routes stop here. They often run non-stop between Dun Laoghaire and Dublin Pearse, and freight and maintenance trains pass through Dún Laoghaire without stopping.
History
The original station for Dún Laoghaire, then known as Kingstown, was situated some closer to Dublin at the West Pier near to or at the present-day Salthill and Monkstown railway station. That station was the southern terminus of the first railway in Ireland, the Dublin and Kingstown Railway (D&KR), which opened in 1834. For the first public timetable the station was named Kingstown but in contract documents it was at least sometimes referred to as Dunleary.
Before the D&KR had even begun to be built it became apparent that the Packet boats were to use either the East Pier or the new wharf being built. Therefore, in 1833 the D&KR raised a parliamentary bill so its railway could be extended beyond the East Pier with a new station at Kingstown then on to Dalkey.. Mobilised opposition from a rival canal group and local opposition caused the Bill to fail in June 1833.
The D&KR regrouped and with lobbying presented a less ambitious Bill to the site of the current station only in 1834. Thomas M. Gresham, a D&KR shareholder and main spokesperson for the opposition, being awarded a silver plate in August 1833 for the same at a personal cost of £1,200, was persuaded not to oppose the 1834 bill. Other obstacles including an agreement to cross the old part of Dunleary harbour and demolition of a Martello fortification needed an agreement with the Admiralty and Ordnance. The Bill was passed in May 1834 but logistics meant Dargan began work in May 1836 finishing about a year later. The new terminus opened on 13 May 1837, the first train being a special with D&KR directors and friends.
The original station building was an apparently insufficient Station House and Parcel Office and in 1840 the D&KR resolved to replace it. The platforms were finally covered in 1845 by a temporary structure costing £122 which was later extended for £300.
On 29 March 1844, the Dalkey Atmospheric Railway officially opened. The line was a branch of the existing D&KR which diverged to the south when approaching from the west with an interchange platform before the atmospheric ran as a single track eastbound into the tunnel. While through running was possible it was not used.
Grierson notes that the station build was completed in 1853 to a design by John Skipton Mulvany by Mr. Roberts doing the "masonry, carpentry, ironmongery, &c," for £1,665. This included the station walls,, while ironwork, roof, and plumbing cost £1,031 by I. & R. Mallet. The roof has since been removed. The station house above the platforms was completed in 1854. a structure in a neo-classical style, designed also by Mulvany. This was the station building until 1971 when the current arrangement was introduced. Mulvany's building became reused as a restaurant.
The Dalkey Atmospheric ceased operation in 1854. The Dublin and Wexford Railway exercised their rights and rebuilt the Dalkey to Kingstown section as a conventional railway at removing height restrictions. When they ran their first train into Kingstown on 10 October 1855, the D&KR directors refused them the use of the station and the passengers were forced to return towards Dalkey, this also happening for some days afterwards. On 30 March 1856, both the D&KR and D&WR concurred with the D&KR's engineer D. B. Gibbons assessment that the rebuild under Brunel was not to the parliamentary approved specification in terms and had safety issues and it was closed for rework by William Dargan as an accident would be disastrous for both companies. Dargan converted the down line between Kingstown and Old Dun Leary harbour to dual gauge so the spoil could be dumped there. and was able to complete the re-work quickly. When the Dalkey-Bray section re-opened on 1 July 1856 the D&KR handed all its operations to the D&WR. The D&WR converted their newly acquired line to in the next year or so enabling through running.
Carlisle Pier with its branch on the single track section just to the east of the station was created in 1859.
Although it lay on a double-track railway for over ninety years, Dún Laoghaire station had only one through the platform with a bay platform facing Dublin, both on the seaward side of the station. The station lay on a short section of a single line that ran from just north of the station, to just past the junction for the branch to Carlisle Pier, which was controlled by a signal box known as the 'Hole in the Wall Box.' This arrangement created a bottleneck for intensive steam-hauled suburban services to/from Bray. It was not until 1957 that CIÉ remedied the situation by providing a second through the platform. Further improvements were carried out in connection with the introduction of DART electric trains in 1984.
A replacement station entrance, with a combined ticket office and automated barriers, was built above the railway lines at street level in 1998. It was constructed with a steel framework supporting a taut sail-like canopy and with glazed panels as side features.
Naming
Also called Kingstown Harbour the station was renamed Kingstown in 1861, and renamed Dún Laoghaire in 1921. It was given the additional name "Mallin" on 10 April 1966, 50 years after the Easter Rising, when Córas Iompair Éireann renamed 15 major stations after Republican leaders. It is named in honour of Michael Mallin, a leader in the 1916 Easter Rising. although it is usually referred to simply as Dún Laoghaire.
Transport services
Directly outside the station are bus stops for Dublin Bus, Go-Ahead Ireland and other private bus operator routes:
Dublin Bus Routes:
46a - Phoenix Park to Dún Laoghaire Station, via Dublin city centre
Dublin Bus 7N Nitelink from Dublin city centre to Shankill, via Dún Laoghaire Station (Fri & Sat only)
Go-Ahead Ireland routes:
45a / 45b - Dun Laoghaire Station to Kilmacanogue, via Bray
59 - Dún Laoghaire Station to Killiney, via Dalkey
63 - Dún Laoghaire Station to Kilternan, via Foxrock
75 / 75a - Dún Laoghaire Station to Tallaght, via Stillorgan
111 - Dalkey to Bride's Glen, via Dún Laoghaire Station. This route provides a connection to the Luas Green Line terminus at Bride's Glen
In addition, a number of bus services stop at Marine Road / George's Street, located less than 350m from the station.
Dublin Bus routes 7 / 7A from Mountjoy Square to Bride's Glen / Loughlinstown. Route 7 provides a connection to the Luas Green Line terminus at Bride's Glen
Aircoach route 703 from Killiney to Dublin Airport, via Dún Laoghaire
There is also a busy taxi rank near the station on Marine Road, and a large car park adjacent to the station in the harbour area.
The station is where the Killiney-Dún Laoghaire footpath "The Metals" (Ná Ráillí) ends.
The station is next to the former Dún Laoghaire Ferryport, for Stena Line services to Holyhead. This service ceased in September 2014.
See also
List of railway stations in Ireland
Gallery
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Irish Rail Dún Laoghaire Station Website
Category:Iarnród Éireann stations in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
Category:Railway stations serving harbours and ports in Ireland
Category:Railway stations opened in 1837
Category:Dún Laoghaire
Category:1837 establishments in Ireland
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Peter Hall (footballer, born 1939)
Peter Hall (born 29 September 1939) is an English former professional footballer who played on the right-wing for Stoke City, Port Vale, Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic, Yeovil Town, Bedford Town, Gillingham, and Margate in the Football League and Southern League. He helped the "Valiants" to win the Fourth Division title in 1958–59, and helped the "Glovers" to win the Southern League title in 1963–64.
Playing career
Hall played for Stoke City before joining cross town rivals Port Vale as a teenager in May 1958. Manager Norman Low asked him to join the club after seeing him score the winning goals in the FA County Youth Cup final. He scored his first goal at Vale Park on 27 September 1958, in a 3–2 defeat to Crystal Palace. In all he scored two goals in nine appearances as the "Valiants" won the Fourth Division title in the 1958–59 campaign. He scored two goals in 13 games in the 1959–60 season, as Vsle adapted well to the Third Division. However, Hall featured just four times in the 1960–61 season, and was given a free transfer to league rivals Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic in May 1961. He never featured for Bill McGarry's "Cherries" in the 1961–62 campaign, and left Dean Court for Southern League side Yeovil Town. He helped Basil Hayward's "Glovers" to win the league title in 1963–64. He left Huish Park for Bedford Town, though left the "Eagles" after they were relegated out of the Premier Division of the Southern League in 1966–67. He returned to the Football League Third Division for a short stint with Gillingham, where he rejoined manager Basil Hayward, in 1967. His stay at the Priestfield Stadium was cut short due to a knee injury, and he featured in just nine league games for the "Gills". He later played for Almer Hall's Margate back in the Southern League. He returned to Stoke-on-Trent after retiring from football, and settled in Northwood.
Statistics
Source:
Honours
Port Vale
Football League Fourth Division champion: 1958–59
Yeovil Town
Southern Football League champion: 1963–64
References
Category:Sportspeople from Stoke-on-Trent
Category:English footballers
Category:Association football wingers
Category:Gillingham F.C. players
Category:Port Vale F.C. players
Category:Stoke City F.C. players
Category:A.F.C. Bournemouth players
Category:Margate F.C. players
Category:Yeovil Town F.C. players
Category:Bedford Town F.C. players
Category:English Football League players
Category:Southern Football League players
Category:1939 births
Category:Living people
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Riot in Cell Block 11
Riot in Cell Block 11 is a 1954 film noir crime film directed by Don Siegel and starring Neville Brand, Emile Meyer, Frank Faylen, Leo Gordon and Robert Osterloh.
Plot
One night, several prison inmates take guards prisoner to protest brutal conditions in their prison. They then make their demands known to prison warden Reynolds (Emile Meyer), a liberal-minded administrator who has complained for many years about the same conditions. James V. Dunn (Neville Brand), the prisoners' leader, meets the press outside the cell block and makes demands that they will no longer tolerate the brutal guards, substandard food, overcrowding, and barely livable conditions.
The next day inmates from two other blocks start a riot but they are forced back into the cell blocks by the state police. Negotiations between the inmates and prison officials are stymied by the state politicians who do not want to make any concessions.
Meanwhile, factions within the prisoners begin to vie for power and control within the rebellious cell block. At the same time, the state police are given the go ahead to blow a hole in the wall to end the siege. But unknown to them, the inmates inside create a human shield by tying the hostages to the interior wall.
Just in the nick of time, the governor agrees to sign a petition from the prisoners. The riot ends when the inmates see the next-day newspapers saying that they had won. But it is a pyrrhic victory for the leader, Dunn. Two weeks later he is called to the warden's office. The state legislature had overturned the governor's signature thus repudiating all the prisoners' demands.
The Warden tells Dunn that he will stand trial for leading the riot and taking hostages, charges that will mostly likely mean an additional 30-year sentence. But the Warden, who explains that he is to be replaced, tells Dunn that he did get a small victory: the mentally-ill inmates are to be moved to asylums and some prisoners will be paroled. The Warden tells Dunn that his actions were front-page news which may bring about some good.
Cast
Neville Brand as James V. Dunn
Emile Meyer as Warden Reynolds
Frank Faylen as Commissioner Haskell
Leo Gordon as Crazy Mike Carnie
Robert Osterloh as The Colonel
Paul Frees as Guard Monroe
Don Keefer as Reporter
Alvy Moore as Gator
Dabbs Greer as Schuyler
Whit Bissell as Snader
James Anderson as Guard Acton
Carleton Young as Guard Captain Barrett
Harold J. Kennedy as Reporter
William Schallert as Reporter
Jonathan Hole as Reporter Russell
Robert Patten as Frank
William Phipps as Mickey
Joel Fluellen as Al
Roy Glenn as Guard Delmar
Joe Kerr as Mac
John Tarangelo as Manuel
Robert Burton as Guard Ambrose
Production
The downbeat ending is indicative of the realistic social commentary prevalent throughout the film. The producer Walter Wanger had recently been in prison for shooting his wife's lover, and his experience there motivated this production. The film was shot on location at Folsom State Prison with real inmates and guards playing background roles. Siegel agreed to direct the movie over eight weeks for a flat fee of $10,000.
Riot in Cell Block 11 was the first film work for Sam Peckinpah. Peckinpah was hired as a third assistant casting director by Don Siegel. Reportedly, the warden was reluctant to allow the filmmakers to work at Folsom Prison until he was introduced to Peckinpah. The warden knew his influential family of judges from Fresno, California, and immediately became cooperative.
Actor Leo Gordon, who plays hardened convict Carney, had served five years in San Quentin State Prison for armed robbery. Because of this, the warden at Folsom originally objected to Gordon appearing in the film, but Siegel convinced him that Gordon was no threat to the prison.
Siegel's location work and his use of actual prisoners as extras made a lasting impression on Peckinpah's later career. He would work as an assistant to Siegel on four additional films including Private Hell 36 (1954), An Annapolis Story (1955), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) and Crime in the Streets (1956).
Reception
Box office and exhibition
Upon its initial release in the United Kingdom the film was banned.
The film made a profit of $297,702.
Critical response
When the film was first released, New York Times film critic A.W. Weiler, gave the film a positive review and its social commentary. He wrote, "The grim business of melodrama behind prison walls, so often depicted in standard, banal fashion in films, is given both tension and dignity in Riot in Cell Block 11, which erupted onto the Mayfair's screen yesterday. Although it is explosive enough to satisfy the most rabid of the "cons versus "screws" school of moviegoer, it also makes a sincere and adult plea for a captive male society revolting against penal injustices. In its own small way, Riot in Cell Block 11 is a realistic and effective combination of brawn, brains and heart ... Riot in Cell Block 11, in short, punches and preaches with authority."
The staff at Variety magazine also praised the film, writing, "The pros and cons of prison riots are stated articulately in the Richard Collins screen story, and producer Walter Wanger uses a realistic, almost documentary, style to make his point for needed reforms in the operation of penal institutions ... A standout performance is given by Emile Meyer, the warden who understands the prisoners’ problems."
Awards
Nominations
British Academy Film Awards: Best Film from any Source, 1955.
British Academy Film Awards: Best Foreign Actor, Neville Brand; 1955.
Directors Guild of America: Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures, Don Siegel; 1955
See also
"Riot in Cell Block Number 9," a 1954 song
References
External links
Riot in Cell Block 11: States of Exception an essay by Chris Fujiwara at the Criterion Collection
Category:1954 films
Category:1950s crime drama films
Category:American films
Category:American crime drama films
Category:English-language films
Category:Film noir
Category:Films directed by Don Siegel
Category:Films produced by Walter Wanger
Category:American prison drama films
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Čulo
Čulo () is a Croatian surname found in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
People with the surname include:
Filip Čulo, Croatian Bosnian former dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Mostar
References
Category:Croatian-language surnames
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Chébli
Chebli (Arabic: الشبلي Shabli) is a town and commune in Blida Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census it has a population of 21,506.
References
Category:Populated places in Blida Province
Category:Communes of Algeria
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Dorina Szekeres
Dorina Szekeres (born July 30, 1992 in Zalaegerszeg) is a Hungarian swimmer, who specialized in the backstroke events. She is currently a member of the swimming team for the Indiana Hoosiers.
Szekeres qualified for the women's 200 m backstroke at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, by clearing a FINA B-standard entry time of 2:14.28 from the Hungarian Long Course Nationals in Debrecen. She challenged four other swimmers on the first heat, including two-time Olympian Carolina Colorado of Colombia, and Redlands Swim Team member Yulduz Kuchkarova of Uzbekistan. Szekeres edged out Kuchkarova to take a fourth spot by 0.44 of a second in 2:18.16. Szekeres failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed thirty-fifth overall in the preliminaries.
References
External links
Player Bio – Indiana Hoosiers
NBC Olympics Profile
Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Hungarian female swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Hungary
Category:Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Female backstroke swimmers
Category:People from Zalaegerszeg
Category:Indiana Hoosiers women's swimmers
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Port Perry Tunnel
Port Perry Tunnel is a railroad tunnel on the Port Perry Branch in Pennsylvania.
History
The tunnel was built as part of the Port Perry Branch connector between the Main Line and Monongahela Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The tunnel (which currently has only one track) was once double-tracked.
See also
PRR Port Perry Bridge
References
Category:Pennsylvania Railroad tunnels
Category:Railroad tunnels in Pennsylvania
Category:Tunnels in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
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Steinwand (Rhön)
Steinwand is a mountain of Hesse, Germany.
Category:Mountains of Hesse
Category:Mountains and hills of the Rhön
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2012 Poinsettia Bowl
The 2012 San Diego County Credit Union Poinsettia Bowl is a post-season American college football bowl game held on December 20, 2012 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California in the United States. The eighth edition of the Poinsettia Bowl began at 5:00 p.m. PST and aired on ESPN. It featured the Mountain West Conference co-champion San Diego State Aztecs (whose regular home stadium is Qualcomm) against the BYU Cougars (which had been in the MW until 2011 before playing as an FBS independent), and was the final game of the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season for both teams. The Cougars accepted their invitation after earning a 6–4 record in their first ten games of the season (and would finish 7-5), while the Aztecs accepted their invitation after finishing with a 9-3 record in their season
Teams
In 2009, the Poinsettia Bowl announced that it had extended its agreement to continue to feature the Mountain West's second bowl-eligible team until at least 2013. In addition, BYU has a three-year deal to play in the Poinsettia Bowl should they not qualify for a Bowl Championship Series game.
This was the thirty-sixth meeting between these two teams. BYU leads the all-time record 28-7-1. The last time they played was in 2010.
BYU
The Cougars' season followed a specific pattern for the first ten games, winning their first two games, losing their next two, winning their next two, losing their next two, and again winning their next two. After defeating the Idaho Vandals to bring their season record to 6–4, the Cougars accepted the second invitation of the 2012–13 NCAA Bowl season to the 2012 Poinsettia Bowl. BYU finished the regular season with a 7–5 record.
San Diego State
The Aztecs are on a seven-game winning streak, with their last loss coming from a game against Fresno State on September 29. After defeating the Wyoming Cowboys, the Aztecs accepted an invitation to the 2012 Poinsettia Bowl. San Diego State finished the regular season with a 9–3 record.
This will be the Aztecs' second Poinsettia Bowl, following the 2010 game where they defeated the Navy Midshipmen by a score of 35-14.
Game summary
Scoring summary
Statistics
Passing
Rushing
Receiving
References
Poinsettia Bowl
Category:Poinsettia Bowl
Category:BYU Cougars football bowl games
Category:San Diego State Aztecs football bowl games
Poinsettia Bowl
Category:December 2012 sports events in the United States
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Deanhead Reservoir
Deanhead Reservoir is a reservoir near Scammonden, in the metropolitan district of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England.
It is named after Dean Head, a village that was mostly submerged during construction of the dam. Construction started in 1838 and it opened a year later, almost 140 years before Scammonden Reservoir (its downstream neighbour) was opened in 1971. Water flowing out of Deanhead forms Black Burne Brook which now feeds into Scammonden Water. Deanhead reservoir was originally constructed to supply water to the factories in the Blackburn Valley that was downstream of the reservoir. During the 1995 drought, the outlines of foundations of buildings in the village were visible.
Deanhead also is the name of a Pennine pass to the south of the reservoir, which carries the A640 from Huddersfield to Denshaw, following the course of a Roman road.
References
Category:Reservoirs in West Yorkshire
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Lukas Klemenz
Lukas Klemenz (born 24 September 1995 in Neu-Ulm) is a Polish football defender currently playing for Wisła Kraków.
Career
Klemenz started his career in Fortuna Głogówek. After a few weeks he left the club and joined Sparta Prudnik. After two years of playing in Prudnik, he joined Fortuna Głogówek once again. Next he joined Pomologia Prószków.
In 2011 he joined Odra Opole. He left Odra in 2013 when he joined Valenciennes FC.
In 2015 he came back to Poland. He played in Korona Kielce, GKS Bełchatów, Olimpia Grudziądz and GKS Katowice. On 1 July 2018 he signed a contract with Jagiellonia Białystok.
On 21 January 2019 he joined Wisła Kraków.
References
External links
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:Polish footballers
Category:Polish people of German descent
Category:Polish people of American descent
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Odra Opole players
Category:Valenciennes FC players
Category:Korona Kielce players
Category:GKS Bełchatów players
Category:Olimpia Grudziądz players
Category:Jagiellonia Białystok players
Category:GKS Katowice players
Category:Wisła Kraków players
Category:Ekstraklasa players
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Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine
Tris(dimethylamino)phosphine is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(NMe2)3 (Me = methyl). It is a colorless oil that is one of the most common aminophosphines. Its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
It is basic, reacting with oxygen and sulfur to give the hexamethylphosphoramide (OP(NMe2)3) and the phosphine sulfide SP(NMe2)3. It is also a ligand, forming complexes with a variety of metal centers. Its steric and electronic properties are similar to those of triisopropylphosphine.
Being highly basic, tris(dimethylamino)phosphine is effective as desulfurization agent, e.g. the conversion of dibenzyldisulfide into the dibenzylsulfide:
RSSR + P(NMe2)3 → S=P(NMe2)3 + RSR
References
Category:Phosphines
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Tumi and the Volume
Tumi and the Volume is an African hip hop music ensemble that includes rapper Tumi Molekane, lead guitarist Tiago Correia-Paul, bass guitarist David Bergman and drummer Paulo Chibanga. The act is often associated with the Mozambican band 340ml because it shares some of its core members.
Their releases include the live album At The Bassline (2004), and the studio albums Tumi and the Volume (2006) and Pick a Dream (2010).
In December 2012 the band officially disbanded.
References
Sources
Category:South African hip hop groups
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Harkisan Mehta
Harkisan Laldas Mehta was a Gujarati author and journalist from India. He was the editor of a weekly, Chitralekha. He wrote several novels.
Life
Mehta was born in Mahuva near Bhavnagar, Gujarat on 25 May 1928. He completed his school education from M. N. Highschool in Mahuva. He studied till inter Arts. He married on 10 February 1953 in Matunga, Mumbai. He served as an editor of Gujarati weekly, Chitralekha, from 1958 to 1998. He died on 3 April 1998 in Mumbai following heart attack.
Works
Mehta wrote many of his novels in serialised format in Chitralekha weekly. His novels are often inspired from real life incidents such as Jad Chetan was inspired by Aruna Shanbaug case.
His thrillers and novels include Jagga Dakuna Verna Valamana, Amirali Thugna Pila Roomalni Ganth, Chambal Taaro Ajampo, Maanas Name Gunegar, Sansari Sadhu, Bhed Bharam, Dev Danav, Ant Aarambh, Paap Pashchatap, Jog Sanjog, Jad Chetan, Sambhav Asambhav, Tarasyo Sangam, Pravah Paltayo, Mukti Bandhan, Shesh Vishesh, Vansh Vaaras, Bhagya Saubhagya, Lay Pralay. He coauthored Doctor Roshanlal with Vaju Kotak, the founding editor of Chitralekha.
Sweden Sonanu Pinjar is his travelogue. He also wrote Sharirthi Jodayela Siyami Jodiya, a book on Siamese twins.
His novels have also been translated in other languages like Urdu and Tamil.
Saurabh Shah edited Sarjan-Visarjan, a biographical work on his life.
Adaptations
His several novels are adapted into Hindi television series and plays. Mukti Bandhan (in 2011 on Colors TV) was adaptation of Mukti Bandhan. Other examples are Khamoshi adapted from Jad Chetan, Jeevan Mrityu (Sony TV ) adapted from Bhed Bharam, Waqt Ki Raftar adapted from Vansh Varas, Sambhav Asambhav (2003, Sony TV) adapted from Sambhav Asambhav.
Further reading
See also
List of Gujarati-language writers
References
Category:1928 births
Category:1998 deaths
Category:Gujarati-language writers
Category:Indian male novelists
Category:20th-century Indian novelists
Category:Gujarati people
Category:People from Bhavnagar district
Category:Indian editors
Category:Novelists from Gujarat
Category:Indian male journalists
Category:Journalists from Gujarat
Category:20th-century Indian male writers
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Joe Estevez
Joseph "Joe" Estevez (born February 13, 1946) is an American actor, director and producer. He is the younger brother of actor Martin Sheen and the uncle of Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Renée Estevez and Ramon Estevez.
Life and career
Early life
Estevez was born in Dayton, Ohio to a Catholic, Galician-born (Spanish) father, Francisco Estévez (1898–1974), and an Irish mother, Mary Anne (née Phelan) (1903–1951). He is one of ten children—nine boys and one girl.
As a child, he lived in the South Park neighborhood of Dayton. During a family trip in April 1959, he participated in the White House Easter Egg Roll and met President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He attended Chaminade-Julienne High School, a Catholic High School located in Dayton. Upon his graduation, he enlisted and served in the United States Navy.
Career
After serving in the United States Navy, Estevez began pursuing an acting career starting in the early 1970s. He initially used his mother's maiden name, Phelan, before using his surname, Estevez. Throughout his career, Estevez has appeared in numerous film and television roles in lead, supporting, and minor parts playing protagonists and antagonists, and he frequently appears in moderate and low-budget independent features and B-movies. In addition, he has worked as a voice-over artist and performs in stage productions. He has expressed in an interview that he wants to make movies that make a difference.
Estevez stood in for his brother in a number of long shots and in some of the voice-overs for Apocalypse Now (1979), as Martin Sheen was recovering from his heart attack.
In 1992, he acted in Armed for Action and Blood on the Badge.
He plays a villain, Cyrus, in the film Doonby (2012), which features former The Dukes of Hazzard star John Schneider as a mysterious stranger who comes into a small town and falls in love with the spoiled daughter of Estevez's character, the local doctor. He also co-stars with David Faustino in the feature Not Another B Movie (2011) released by Troma Entertainment.
Estevez has recently worked with alternative-comedians Tim Heidecker and Gregg Turkington on various projects including On Cinema, The Tim Heidecker Murder Trial and as President Jason Davidson (and President Davidson Jr.) on the Adult Swim series Decker. In all his collaborations, Estevez either plays a fictionalized version of himself or a character being portrayed by a fictionalized version of Joe Estevez.
Personal life
Estevez has been married twice. He married Shirley Monkman in 1978 and raised three daughters: Casey, Amanda, and Angela. His second wife is actress Constance Anderson, whom he married in 2004.
Joe Estevez is the youngest sibling, to his brother Martin Sheen. Joe Estevez sounds very similar to his older brother, a fact he took advantage of when he did a voice-over for a National Shooting Sports Foundation pro-gunmaker commercial in 2000; at the time, his brother was famous for playing a fictional President of the United States on the television series The West Wing. Sheen starred in a pro-gun control commercial that same year. Estevez also recorded the voiceover for his brother's role as Captain Willard in Apocalypse Now after Sheen's health issues on set prevented him from doing so.
Selected filmography
References
External links
Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:American people of Spanish descent
Category:American people of Irish descent
Category:Male actors from Dayton, Ohio
Category:Estevez family
Category:American film producers
Category:Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Category:American male film actors
Category:American male television actors
Category:United States Navy sailors
Category:Film directors from Ohio
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Lucas Eguibar
Lucas Eguibar Bretón (born 9 February 1994 in San Sebastián) is a Spanish snowboarder.
Career
Lucas Eguibar has had three world cup victories with eight podiums finishes more to date.
He won the Europa Cup in season 2011/2012. In 2013 he won a gold medal at the 2013 FIS Junior World Championships in Erzurum, Turkey.
His first world cup podium was in Arosa, Switzerland on 9 March 2013. He made another podium at the world cup, finishing in 2nd position in Vallnord-Arcalís, Andorra on 12 January 2014. His first World Cup victory was in Veysonnaz, Switzerland on 14 March 2015, becoming the first Spanish snowboarder to win a snowboard world cup event.
He won the 2014-15 FIS Snowboard cross World Cup, becoming the first Spanish snowboarder that win a Cristal Globe. He finished third in the next season.
Lucas competed in his first Olympic Winter Games in 2014. He won all his races except for the semi-final, where he fell and was disqualified for missing a gate. Eguibar won small final and finished 7th in his very first Olympics.
World Cup podiums
Individual events
Team events
Olympic results
References
Category:1994 births
Category:Spanish male snowboarders
Category:Living people
Category:Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Category:Snowboarders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Category:Olympic snowboarders of Spain
Category:Sportspeople from San Sebastián
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Peev
Peev or Peyev () is a Bulgarian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Peeva or Peyeva. It may refer to:
Daniel Peev (born 1984), Bulgarian football player
Georgi Peev (born 1979), Bulgarian footballer
Gerri Peev, Bulgarian-British journalist
Irena Peeva, professor of mathematics at Cornell University
Peicho Peev (1940-2007), Bulgarian chess master
Vela Peeva (1922–1944), Bulgarian activist during World War II
Vinkenti Peev (1873–1941), Bulgarian Catholic priest
Category:Bulgarian-language surnames
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Cosmas the Priest
Cosmas the Priest (, Prezviter Kozma), also known as Cosmas the Presbyter or Presbyter Cosmas, was a medieval Bulgarian priest and writer. Cosmas is most famous for his anti-Bogomil treatise Sermon Against the Heretics, which, despite not being conclusively dated, is generally ascribed to the 10th century. The treatise is a valuable source on the beginnings of the Bogomil heresy in Bulgaria, as well as on medieval Bulgarian society.
Life
The little that is known about Cosmas can be extracted from the few words that he writes about himself in Sermon Against the Heretics. As was customary to medieval priests and writers, Cosmas refers to himself as "unworthy". However, he was certainly of no low rank, as in his treatise he widely criticised the high clergy of the Bulgarian Patriarchate. Bulgarian historian Plamen Pavlov theorises Cosmas must have been a high-ranking member of the ecclesiastical hierarchy and would have written his treatise under direct orders from the Bulgarian emperor. There is no data as to where in Bulgaria Cosmas was based: suppositions range from the capital Preslav and eastern Bulgaria in general, to Ohrid and the region of Macedonia, and even Veliko Tarnovo. Though Cosmas is not known to have been canonised, he is commonly referred to as "blessed" or a "saint" in the copies of his treatise.
The dating of Cosmas' activity and thus the writing of Sermon Against the Heretics is an extremely problematic issue. The general consensus among scholars is that Cosmas lived in the middle or the second half of the 10th century. However, individual scholarly opinions associate Cosmas' life with the first half of the 11th century and even the early 13th century. While Cosmas never mentions the date of writing of his treatise, he does leave some chronological details. Cosmas calls the Bogomil heresy "newly-appeared" and refers to the apparently popular "John, the new presbyter and exarch", whom most scholars identify with early-10th-century Bulgarian writer John Exarch. Cosmas insists that the heresy spread during the reign of Tsar Peter I (r. 927–969), yet according to historian Dimitri Obolensky he also claims Peter's rule was already over by the time of writing.
Sermon Against the Heretics
Cosmas the Priest's only known work, Sermon Against the Heretics, bears the full title Homily of the Unworthy Presbyter Cosmas Against the Newly-Appeared Bogomil Heresy or, in other manuscripts, Sermon of Saint Cosmas Presbyter Against the Heretics, A Discussion and an Instruction from the Books of God. It has been preserved in 25 full copies, all from East Slavic sources, and 116 excerpts or compilations, some of which are of South Slavic origin. The earliest of the extant copies was made in the 15th century. As attested by the large number of copies, Cosmas' work was particularly popular in medieval Russia and Serbia. There, it was even used as a basis for writings against other heresies.
The treatise is recognised as the earliest and most complete work to tell of the nature of Bogomilism, its origins and its dualistic doctrine. As Catharism originated from Bogomilism, Sermon Against the Heretics is valuable as an insight into Catharism's Balkan predecessor. It is also an important source on life and society in 10th-century Bulgaria, which is described as suffering a major crisis, the glorious days of Peter's father Simeon the Great (r. 893–927) long over.
Sermon Against the Heretics is divided into two sections, which may be seen as separate works due to their somewhat different topics. The first part presents details about various aspects of the Bogomil heresy and identifies a certain priest named Bogomil as its founder (though, Cosmas claims, it was actually an act of the devil himself). The first section of the treatise is a vehement criticism of Bogomilism and its disobedient followers, whom Cosmas accuses of contributing to the degradation of Bulgarian society. As Cosmas purposefully employed around 70 quotations from Apostle Paul to debunk the beliefs of Bogomils, he was very likely aware of the sect's ancestral ties to Paulicianism.
The second part of the treatise contains Cosmas' criticism on contemporary Bulgarian society, with particular attention to the religious and social issues of the time. While Cosmas was a staunch supporter of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church's policies against Bogomilism, in the second section he spares no criticism to that religious body's other practices. Cosmas accuses the Bulgarian abbots and bishops of greed, gluttony and neglect towards the congregation. He is also critical of hermits, whose popularity and influence at the time Cosmas saw as inappropriate. Cosmas hints that the emergence of Bogomilism should be blamed at least partially on the contemporary state of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.
Legacy
Kozma Cove on Desolation Island of the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica was named in honour of Cosmas the Priest by the Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria. The northeastern Bulgarian village of Kozma Prezviter in Omurtag Municipality, Targovishte Province, bears the name of the medieval writer. Until it was renamed in 1934, it was known under the Turkish appellation Kara Chufallar. Streets in the major cities of Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna and Pernik have also been dedicated to Cosmas the Priest.
References
Sources
Category:10th-century Bulgarian people
Category:Bogomilism
Category:Bulgarian priests
Category:Medieval Bulgarian writers
Category:Bulgarian male writers
Category:Preslav Literary School
Category:10th-century Christian clergy
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List of highways numbered 498
The following highways are numbered 498:
Japan
Japan National Route 498
United Kingdom
A498 road
United States
Louisiana Highway 498
Kentucky Route 498
Maryland Route 498 (former)
Mississippi Highway 498
New Mexico State Road 498
Texas State Highway Loop 498 (former)
Farm to Market Road 498
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Government Cottage Archaeological Site
Government Cottage Archaeological Site is the heritage-listed site of a cottage which served alternately as the base for the Colony of New South Wales' commandant of the Hawkesbury district, house of the district's magistrate and an "informal official residence" for the Governor of New South Wales when in the district. It is located at 41 George Street, Windsor, City of Hawkesbury, New South Wales, Australia. The original house was built from 1796 to 1815 and demolished 1920-21. It was also known as Commandant's House and Government House. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 4 February 2011.
History
Before any European settlement the Hawkesbury region was inhabited by the Dharug people. The riparian area along the Hawkesbury River had been a food source for the local Aboriginal people for over 50,000 years and, with relatively frequent floods that spread enriched alluvium throughout the surrounding land, the region was known to be an abundant and reliable resource for food.
Following European settlement, the new colonists quickly recognised the agricultural potential of the banks of the Hawkesbury River. This led to intensive farming of the area to supply food to the developing colony that was experiencing severe shortages in the early years. However, following flooding in 1799, 1800, 1806 and 1809, life for the colonists farming the flats of the Hawkesbury River was a hard one, fraught with potential devastation with any inundation of the river.
Following the opening of the Hawkesbury district for settlement, the road from Parramatta to Windsor was constructed in 1794. The farming area along the Hawkesbury River, including Green Hills (known as Windsor, from 1810) became the third urban satellite of the colony after Sydney and Parramatta. Windsor grew up as a military and service centre for the Hawkesbury flood-plain and was the location of the colony's richest agricultural land. The Commandant's Cottage, later the Government Cottage was one of a series of buildings constructed under the administration of Governor John Hunter between 1795 and 1800 for military and government purposes, including storehouses, and granaries and soldiers barracks. The location selected was sufficiently high to preclude danger of the building being affected by flood. It replaced a soldier's barracks constructed 1795 which Governor Hunter described in 1796 as a "miserable building". Its location would also enable a clear view of the area over which the Commandant had oversight.
The Commandant's Cottage (later known as the Government Cottage) was under construction in 1796. David Collins described how in April of that year "a very excellent barrack was erecting for the use of the commandant, on a spot which had been selected sufficiently high to preclude any danger of the building being affected by a flood". Collins' use of "barrack" to describe the Commandant's House has encouraged confusion with the separate barracks for the soldiers, already in existence by 1796, described as a "miserable building" which was replaced after October 1796 with more substantial accommodation for the troops. The Commandant's House was completed after October 1796 and was described in 1800 in Governor Hunter's list of buildings constructed since 1796 as "a framed and weatherboard house on the Green Hills...for the residence of the commanding officer of that district". The roof was shingled and the building furnished with a cellar, skilling kitchen and other accommodation with a paling fence.
The new Commandant's House sat high on a grassy hill facing the principal street to the east. The south side of the house had an extensive view over the river and the valley and beyond to the Blue Mountains. To the west Richmond was visible until . The new building was on a plot of crown land which was by 1795 surrounded by settlers' grants. From June 1795 military commandants were in charge of the Hawkesbury settlement. Commandant Edward Abbott moved in to the cottage when it was completed late in 1796 and subsequent Commandants, Neil McKellar, Anthony Fenn Kemp and Thomas Hobby also lived there. Two significant lawsuits were associated with the Commandant's House. One case brought by the ex-convict John Harris against Fenn Kemp, when the Revd Samuel Marsden brought the two parties together at the House in an unsuccessful attempt at conciliation in 1798: this was the first lawsuit brought by an ex-convict against the military and was a critical stage in the victory of civil law. The other case, in 1799, concerned the murder of two Aboriginal youths, where the accused, Constable Edward Powell, claimed as part of his alibi that he was too tired to be involved, having that day come from Sydney and then spent some time at the Commandant's House.
The land on which the new building now stood marked the end of a row of a series of promises of grants made by 1794. The land was enclosed in 1795 when a promise of grant was made to James Whitehouse. In 1800 Governor King appointed Charles Grimes, deputy surveyor, to be the first resident Hawkesbury magistrate. Grimes also had responsibility for other civic duties previously conducted by the military administrators, including that of superintendent of public works at Hawkesbury and it is believed that he lived at least some of the time in the government cottage. It was around this time that residents were required to assemble to attend musters (a type of census) on the front grounds of the cottage
Governor Bligh noted that in 1806 the roof and foundations of the house had decayed and had become untenantable. A year later he had repaired the building and added two new rooms. It has been presumed that the cottage was used for either governor's visits or the government administrators from 1807 until 1810.
The Commandant's House was used by Governor Hunter on his many visits to the Hawkesbury. This continued under Governor King, whose familiarity with the area was evident in his far-reaching and long-lasting definition of the river settlements, now hemmed in by the new common lands proclaimed by King in 1804. King's proclamation of three districts at Hawkesbury moreover paved the way for Macquarie's later siting of the towns. Already in 1800 King had ended the period of military residence in the cottage. Instead the House was occupied by the first resident Hawkesbury magistrate. Charles Grimes was appointed in July 1800 with responsibility for civic duties previously conducted by the military, including the superintendence of public works. It was around this time that residents were required to assemble for musters, a type of census, in the grounds of the cottage.
Lachlan Macquarie and his family arrived in Sydney in January 1810 to accept his commission as Governor of New South Wales. Macquarie's first year as governor was considered a success and set the tone and character for the twelve years of Macquarie's administration. He re-organised government departments and created a strong focus on the construction of quality public works using convict labour that transformed Sydney, Parramatta and the new townships and are still numerous in the twenty-first century.
During Macquarie's first tour of the outlying districts in November and December 1810 Macquarie arrived at Green Hills and viewed the cottage for the first time. He recorded the following in relation to the cottage and surrounds in his journals.
"At half past 5,O'Clock we arrived at the ferry on the left bank of the river and at 6 O'Clock landed in the Government Garden on the Green Hills and took possession of the Government House or, more properly speaking, Government Cottage; most beautifully situated on the summit of a very fine bank or terrace rising about fifty feet above the level of the river; of which, and the adjacent Country, there is a very fine view from this sweet delightful spot.....Mrs. M. and myself were quite delighted with the beauty of this part of the Country; its great fertility, and its Picturesque appearance; and especially with the well-chosen and remarkable fine scite [sic] and situation of the Government Cottage and Garden on the Green Hills. We dined soon after our arrival and after dinner our friend and family physician Doctor Redfern took his departure for Sydney.
Macquarie used the cottage to celebrate with 21 guests the naming of the towns of Windsor, Richmond, Castlereagh, Pitt Town and Wilberforce on Thursday 6 December after he had confirmed their exact sites. This christening was marked by a drinking of a bumper to the success of each town after dinner. He also used it as the base for his expeditions to mark out the five towns. The town sites were marked out a little over a month after the naming of the towns. Castlereagh and Richmond were marked out on Thursday 10 January 1811 and Macquarie held a dinner at the Windsor house to celebrate. Wilberforce and Pitt-town were marked out the next day (Friday) and Windsor on Saturday 12 January. He would continue to use the cottage as his residence and place of business during visits to the Hawkesbury throughout his governorship and he frequently issued government orders from the cottage. Macquarie also employed a live-in housekeeper, Ann Blady, a successful ex-convict with her own 50-acre grant, who had retired from practising midwifery in the area in 1810. Ann and her constable husband, William Blady, exemplify the connection that the citizens of Hawkesbury from many walks of life had with the Government Cottage. For Macquarie, as for Grose, Hunter, King and Bligh before him, the cottage was an informal official residence in addition to Government House in Sydney (First Government House) and Old Government House in Parramatta.
The cottage was again repaired and improved under Macquarie. The painting by George William Evans of around 1809 shows only a western verandah, on the river-side, whereas Philip Slaeger's drawing and etching of 1812 or 1813 shows a substantial new southern verandah and the end of a new eastern verandah. Neatly furnished with chairs and tables from the workshops of the lumber yard, the expanded cottage became a significant part of the Government Domain at Windsor. The stables were located on the southern boundary of the property, near to what became Thompson Square under Macquarie, opposite the Government Stores. The gates to the garden and domain were located opposite the two-storey Macquarie Arms Hotel.
Governor Macquarie stated in his 1810–1822 report of building works during his administration of the colony that the cottage at Windsor had been repaired and much improved during his governorship. In addition a domain and garden consisting of six acres partly enclosed by a strong fence had been created, and a small coach house and stable erected for the use of the Governor and his staff. A report into improvements to, and the state of public buildings by Standish Harris during the year 1823 ordered by Governor Brisbane described the Government Cottage as being "on a small scale, situated on a rising ground, commanding a beautiful view from the rear of the Hawkesbury River. It is a desirable scite (sic) for a good public building were it not so near the town - yet from its contiguity to the banks of this fine river with the diversity of richness of its soil, it might be made an enviable residence either as a villa or a mansion." He noted a well, 3/4 constructed in stone sunk, rubbish removed, repair of brickwork and the addition of a room, the ceiling reformed in the dressing room, additional panes of glass the use of distemper paint in at least one room and the hall (the room was blue), the addition of 3 new doors, white washing of ceilings etc, oil painting of sashes and skirting boards, addition or new room of skirting boards, painting of architraves, mouldings, brick sewer added and works to the kitchen, including small oven. There is also mention of a small, badly contrived privy including sewer to river. The report also noted repairs to a garden house which appear to include a room and stables.
Following Macquarie's departure the cottage was occupied by police magistrate Samuel North. It was granted to John McCall Junior by Crown Grant on 21 July 1854. It passed through several owners, including James Bourke until it was acquired by Michael Raper in April 1867. Raper retained the property until his death in 1911. The property was willed to his daughter Jane Wilkinson.
In 1916 the Australian Historical Society urged the Windsor Council to take steps to preserve the building that was fast falling into decay. They noted that the weatherboards, doors, windows and fittings were of cedar and that two different types of bricks had been used the building. The bricks and mortar and the plastering were considered well preserved given the local climate. By this time the large tree that once stood next to the building had been removed due to a large tree limb falling onto the house during a windstorm. A plan from about this time notes a variety of materials used in the cottage, including lath and plaster walls, and brick nogging, plastered and weatherboard external walls. The cellar is not noted.
Jane Wilkinson and her husband sold the property to the James Drury Burch in 1919. It has remained with members of the Burch family until the 2000s when it was inherited by Mrs Burch's sisters. The purchase of the property by James Burch appears to have been the impetus for the demolition of what remained of the old cottage to be replaced by the existing cottage in the 1920s. The new cottage was named Green Hills and retains this name. Small changes have taken place since this time including the addition and removal of a variety of gardens and the addition of fencing. At some point a garage was added to the property.
In the 1970s several alterations took place. Additionally, a weatherboard coach house with skillion roof located on a boundary was removed. Little change has taken place in recent years. In 2010 the only visible physical reminder of the government cottage is the remainder of the panoramic view across the river recognised for its beauty by Macquarie and Harris and many of those who had the opportunity to gaze upon it.
Art and the Government Cottage
The government cottage has featured in the work of numerous artworks documenting the early development of Windsor. In particular it has been the apparent location for works depicting the opposite side of the riverbank. George Evans and (The Settlement of Green Hills) and -11. The Hawkesbury is well documented by Evans, also a notable artist, due primarily to him maintaining a property in the Hawkesbury district. An 1815 image looking across the river towards Cornwallis by Captain James Wallis was sketched with the help of a camera lucida from the grounds of the cottage. Philip Slaeger produced ' A View of a part of the Town of Windsor from across South Creek, in 1812 or 1813, with a fine detailed view of the cottage from the south-west. The famous flood panorama of 1816 by an unidentified artist was painted from the vicinity of the cottage. Joseph Lycett's 1824 "View of Windsor Upon the Hawkesbury from across South Creek", for the first time documented the various government buildings in the vicinity of the government cottage, although their distance in the image make individual buildings difficult to identify except on very close inspection.
Government Houses in south-east Australia
The term government house is generally associated in Australia with houses which were used officially as a governors or government representatives residences and places of work. These included larger sites such as Government House, Sydney and old Government House Parramatta, and smaller houses such as that located at East Maitland. In addition, the term also refers to the homes of the commanding officer of military detachments located at penal establishments or distant settlements of the commandant of penal establishments or distant establishments. There are seven penal establishments known to have had Government Houses - Newcastle, Sarah Island at Macquarie Harbour, Port Macquarie (Port Macquarie Government House Site), Moreton Bay (Queensland), Maria Island (Tasmania), Norfolk Island and Port Arthur, Tasmania. Most of the government Houses were established in the 1820s, the exception being Newcastle whose Government House was likely to be earlier, reflecting the site's earlier establishment.A government House was constructed at the settlement of Bathurst west of the Blue Mountains .
Description
The residential site is located on a ridge overlooking the Hawkesbury River and is located in an important position in relation to Thompson Square and the North Street precincts. It is part of the George Street North precinct, contributing to the character of the street. Set back from the curve of George Street, aspects of the once commanding view over the area are now limited by more recent building and the growth of trees, but are still evident. The most significant view is across the river towards Freemans Reach, including the bridge over the Hawkesbury River at Windsor, the oldest extant crossing of the Hawkesbury River and one of only two bridge crossings of the Hawkesbury River in the Hawkesbury area. Other views include down Arndell Street in an easterly direction overlooking part of the 1794 farm grants, the very beginning of the district, still legible in the landscape.
The site is divided into two portions. The upper portion of the site is level and grassy with gardens and remnant gardens and a residence. Some areas of grass show signs of previous disturbance, although it is unclear whether these relate to the earlier building on the site or more recent garden works. A modern, tubular palisade fence creates a division between the level and sloped areas of the site. A single garage is located on the north east corner of the flat section of the site and accessed via an informal drive way. The front of the property is not fenced although a small retaining wall provides some assistance in maintaining the level character of the front portion of the site. The curve of George Street at this point still reflects the original bend in the road past the Government cottage before 1810.
The single storey bungalow style house is located at the front of the site. It has rendered masonry walls and a corrugated iron roof. Decorative glass windows are evident. An open verandah is located on the southeast and south west sides of the house. An additional verandah on the north east side of the house has been infilled to create additional internal space.
The rear of the site slopes steeply towards the river and contains a significant number of trees that have begun to encroach on the view. This bank alignment is recognisably the same as that shown in all the early nineteenth-century images before, during and immediately after Macquarie's governorship.
A stone plinth with plaque is located at the front boundary of the property describing the sites history as the location of the former government cottage
As at 14 January 2010, there has been no archaeological testing of the site and there has been no significant excavation for works such as pools or basement car parks. The existing building is smaller than the former cottage and its 1920s type and date of construction suggest that archaeological evidence of the previous building is likely to remain. The outbuilding was located on or near the existing driveway, a development which is unlikely to have disturbed any underground deposits. The original basement/cellar is thought likely to have been filled in, possibly with materials from the old cottage and, therefore, potentially in situ. Archaeological deposits have been preserved under more modern buildings in the area generally and therefore it is considered highly possible that archaeological evidence survives despite no formal archaeological assessment.
Modifications and dates
1806-07 - roof and floor repaired and two rooms added by Bligh
-1815 - repairs and improvements made to the cottage
-21 - building demolished
early 1920s - existing building constructed on site
Heritage listing
The site and its views have outstanding state significance as evidence of the earliest development of the Hawkesbury district, its initial role as the Commandant's cottage quickly establishing its symbolism as an important representation of the presence of government and military control in the district. The high potential of existing archaeological features and deposits in a site where key elements in shaping the development of the district have converged - the arrival of the man who shaped the development of the district (Macquarie), the presence of the cottage on a site which captured Macquarie's aesthetic interest and the role of the cottage in trips to name and mark out the five Macquarie Towns - creating a landmark site in the historical development of the site representative of the birth of the Hawkesbury district as it is understood today. It is likely to be the site of one of the earliest Government Cottages constructed outside the Sydney colony.
Government Cottage Archaeological Site was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 4 February 2011 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The site has state significance as the base for Governor Macquarie's travels and activities in and around the Hawkesbury District, in particular while he marked out the sites of the five Macquarie towns, Windsor, Richmond, Wilberforce, Castlereagh and Pitt Town. It has state significance as the location of one of the earliest government buildings established at Windsor as well as one of a series of buildings constructed to house members of the military establishment in the locality. The location has particular significance as a physical representation of the civil control established at the Hawkesbury settlement between 1795–1796 and and thus, the centre of government for the settlement.
The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
The site has particular associations as the location of an early building in the colony outside Sydney constructed as part of the military establishment at Green Hills (later Windsor) under the administration of Governor Hunter 1796. It is closely associated with all the later eighteenth-century military administrators of the Hawkesbury, Commandants Abbott, McKellar, Fenn Kemp and Hobby, and with the governors Hunter, King, Bligh and, especially, Macquarie.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
The site has state significance for its views from the ridge above the Hawkesbury River to the river and the floodplains beyond in the direction of Cornwallis and Freeman's Reach, notable as early as 1810. The views provide a context for understanding of the site of the cottage as the commandant's house, located in a commanding position for surveillance of the infant third settlement, and the responses it provoked in visitors regarding its beauty.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The surviving archaeological deposits and features have state significance as evidence of one of the earliest eighteenth-century buildings in the colony outside of Sydney, and one of the first permanent public buildings constructed at the third Sydney settlement, Windsor. The remains have the potential to demonstrate the manner in which the building was added to and adapted to suit its changing roles
The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
The archaeological site is likely to include elements of one of the earliest government cottages constructed outside of Sydney in the colony and one of a few whose main purpose for construction was not to house a Commandant in charge of overseeing convicts specifically.
See also
References
Bibliography
Attribution
Category:New South Wales State Heritage Register
Category:Windsor, New South Wales
Category:Houses in New South Wales
Category:Archaeological sites in New South Wales
Category:Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register
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Charles E. Brown (photographer)
Charles E. Brown (20 January 1896, Wimbledon, London - 9 October 1982, Storrington, West Sussex, UK) was a commercial aviation photographer (but also other types of aviation photography) working for United Kingdom newspapers, the aviation industry and a freelance commercial photographer with official accreditation as a war correspondent. His aviation archive of 30,000 images has been preserved at the RAF Museum, Hendon since 1978.
Biography
Born in 1896, his father Edward James Brown was a butcher with premises situated in Arthur Road, Wimbledon. For his 14th birthday he was given a small camera and in 1911 captured am image of a Balloon landing in Southfields, London. The photography of an Edwardian gentleman balloonist in trouble was published in the Daily Mirror and the newspaper paid Charles Brown a fee of a half-guinea. The art-editor of the Daily Mirror, Hannen Swaffer asked Charles Brown to consider a career in newspaper photography when he left school and he joined aged 16 to learn how to develop film and print photographs in the in-house Daily Mirror darkrooms under the guidance of Bernard Alferi.
War Service
In 1915 Charles Brown applied for a posting to the Photographic Section of the Royal Naval Air Service and was turned down. After continuing to work on photographic assignments for the Daily Mirror in the United Kingdom, he was eventually drafted to the 532nd Agricultural Depot, Royal Engineers as a medical orderly based at Wrexham, Wales. After passing a trade test in photography with the Royal Engineers on 10 August 1918, further work photographic occurred with the Royal Air Force at their official London Photographic Centre. Leaving military service on 17 January 1919 and rejoining his pre-war colleagues at the Daily Mirror newspaper.
Freelance Photographer
After former Daily Mirror staff had left in the post-war period to establish a press agency, Charles Brown also left the Daily Mirror and established his own freelance press photography business. Specialising in travel, including promotional materials and media, he also specialised in railway photograph and in 1924 a snapshot of a boy talking to a driver of a Southern Railway King Arthur class locomotive on platform 4 of Waterloo station the photograph was used in railway posters for the next 10 years with the slogan ' South for Sunshine '
After the success of the Southern Railway poster, this allowed Charles Brown to expand and diversify his freelance press business to include the developing aviation in the 1920s and 1930s. Accepting photographic commissions from major aircraft manufactures from Fairey Aviation Company, de Havilland and Supermarine to help these companies market new aircraft. This was followed by commissions from the Air Ministry and the Admiralty for the Fleet Air Arm. This allowed him to photograph many Royal Air Force air displays and RAF stations.
In 1940 his business premises in Fleet Street, London were bombed during The Blitz shattering many glass negatives. Work during wartime included commissions for Aeronautics magazine. A wartime commission for Flying magazine in the United States included a rare supply of Kodachrome and Ektachrome film.
Gallery
Sources
External links
Charles E.Brown Official Photographic Archive at the RAF Museum
Charles E. Brown Online Navigator Collection at the RAF Museum
Category:1896 births
Category:1982 deaths
Category:Aviation photographers
Category:War photographers
Category:Aerial photographers
Category:Rail transport photographers
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Strangers on a Train (novel)
Strangers on a Train (1950) is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith about two men whose lives become entangled after one of them proposes they "trade" murders. He then goes ahead and fulfills his end of the imaginary bargain, leading to fatal consequences for both.
It was adapted as a film in 1951 by director Alfred Hitchcock. It has since been adapted in whole or in part for film and television several times. The novel was adapted for radio in 2004 by Craig Warner, and adapted for the stage in 2013 (also by Warner).
Plot summary
Architect Guy Haines wants to divorce his unfaithful wife, Miriam, in order to marry the woman he loves, Anne Faulkner. While on a train to see his wife, he meets Charles Anthony Bruno, a psychopathic playboy who proposes an idea to "exchange murders": Bruno will kill Miriam if Guy kills Bruno's father; neither of them will have a motive, and the police will have no reason to suspect either of them. Guy does not take Bruno seriously, but Bruno kills Guy's wife while Guy is away in Mexico.
Bruno informs Guy of his crime, but Guy hesitates to turn him in to the police. He realizes that Bruno could claim Guy's complicity in the planned exchange murders; however, the longer he remains silent, the more he implicates himself. This implicit guilt becomes stronger as in the coming months Bruno makes appearances demanding that Guy honor his part of the bargain. After Bruno starts writing anonymous letters to Guy's friends and colleagues, the pressure becomes too great, and Guy murders Bruno's father.
Subsequently, Guy is consumed by guilt, whereas Bruno seeks Guy's company as if nothing had happened. He makes an uninvited appearance at Guy's wedding, causing a scene. At the same time, a private detective, who suspects Bruno of having arranged the murder of his father, establishes the connection between Bruno and Guy that began with the train ride, and suspects Bruno of Miriam's murder. Guy also becomes implicated due to his contradictions about the acquaintance with Bruno.
When Bruno falls overboard during a sailing cruise, Guy identifies so strongly with Bruno that he tries to rescue him under threat to his own life. Nevertheless, Bruno drowns, and the murder investigation is closed. Guy, however, is plagued by guilt, and confesses the double murder to Miriam's former lover. This man, however, does not condemn Guy; rather, he considers the killings as appropriate punishment for the unfaithfulness. The detective who had been investigating the murders overhears Guy's confession, however, and confronts him. Guy turns himself over to the detective immediately.
Theatrical and radio adaptations
Playwright Craig Warner acquired the stage rights to Strangers on a Train in 1995, and wrote both theatrical and radio adaptations of the story. The radio version was recorded and broadcast by the BBC, and released on CD in May 2004 The West End production of the play ran from November 2, 2013, to February 22, 2014, at the Gielgud Theatre and starred Jack Huston, Laurence Fox, Miranda Raison, Imogen Stubbs, Christian McKay, and MyAnna Buring. It was directed by Robert Allan Ackerman and its seven credited producers include Barbara Broccoli. A United Kingdom touring schedule was announced from January to March 2018.
Like the Hitchcock film, the Warner versions respect Highsmith's homosexual subtext. The radio version more closely follows the plot of the novel, although there are several differences in the denouement. Guy's eventual confession is to Anne, not to Miriam's lover. The detective succeeds in solving the original murder plot and confronts Bruno with the details, but declines to take further action because he believes that both men will spend the rest of their lives punishing themselves with guilt and fear. The devastated Bruno—with his security destroyed and realising that he will have no support or love from Guy—commits suicide in front of Guy by climbing onto a railway track where he is killed by an oncoming train. Anne persuades Guy to put the whole matter behind him and to resume his career in architecture.
Influence in popular culture
A 2009 episode of the ABC series Castle titled "Double Down" loosely follows the plot of the novel, which is mentioned in the episode.
A 2013 episode of the TNT series Rizzoli & Isles titled "Partners in Crime" loosely follows the plot of the novel, which is mentioned in the episode.
Murdoch Mysteries season 7 episode 12 "Unfinished Business" uses the same double unrelated murders plot.
J. D. Robb's book, Strangers in Death (2008) references both Highsmith's novel and Hitchcock's film as a homicide detective attempts to solve two seemingly unrelated murders.
The 1987 film Throw Momma from the Train provides a comedic twist on Strangers on a Train, with the Hitchcock film inspiring a copy-cat scheme by Danny DeVito's character.
Footnotes
External links
Ron Collins, "Strangers on a Page: Highsmith & Camus"
Strangers on a Train at ChooseYourHighsmith.com
Category:1950 American novels
Category:Novels by Patricia Highsmith
Category:American thriller novels
Category:American novels adapted into films
Category:Harper & Brothers books
Category:Psychological thriller novels
Category:American novels adapted into plays
Category:Novels about architects
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Cruz del Rayo (Madrid Metro)
Cruz del Rayo is a station on Line 9 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in fare Zone A.
References
Category:Madrid Metro stations
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