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International Federation for Human Rights
The International Federation for Human Rights (; FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations. Founded in 1922, FIDH is the second oldest international human rights organisation worldwide after Anti-Slavery International. As of 2016, the organization is made up of 184 member organisations in over 100 countries.
FIDH is nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and independent of any government. Its core mandate is to promote respect for all the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
FIDH coordinates and supports collaborations with intergovernmental organisations.
Overview
FIDH was established in 1922, when it united ten national organizations. It is now a federation of 178 human rights organizations in nearly 100 countries. FIDH coordinates and supports the activities of its member organizations, at the local, regional and international levels. FIDH is not linked to any party or religion, and is independent. FIDH has a consultative status before the United Nations, UNESCO and the Council of Europe, and observer status before the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie and the International Labour Organization.
FIDH also has "regular contact" with the European Union, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organization of American States, United Nations Development Programme, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
FIDH's mandate "is to contribute to the respect of all the rights defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights." It aims to make "effective improvements in the protection of victims, the prevention of Human Rights violations and the sanction of their perpetrators." Its priorities are established by its World Congress and International Board (22 members) with the support of its International Secretariat (45 staff members).
Funding
FIDH's total income in 2012 was €5,362,268 (nearly US$7.1m), of which approximately 80% came from "grants and donations". According to NGO Monitor, FIDH's finances lack transparency, as funding sources are not itemized on its website or in financial statements, and no response was received to letters requesting this information. Instead, FIDH lists general figures and provides a financial summary: "FIDH relies heavily on donations from the public and from private businesses, contributions from its member organizations and on the commitment of its voluntary workers. It also receives grants from international and national bodies, and from foundations ..."
Priorities
Protecting human rights defenders:
To protect defenders of human rights, FIDH and the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) created the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders. Its role is establish the facts, alert the international community, hold discussions with national authorities and promote the strengthening of mechanisms to protect human rights defenders at national, regional and international levels.
Promote and protect women's rights:
Discrimination and violence against women is still the norm in many states. FIDH is striving to abolish discrimination, facilitate women's access to justice, and fight impunity for perpetrators of sexual crimes committed during conflict.
Protect migrants' rights:
States imposing stricter controls on people's movements are reducing migrant workers to mere commercial goods, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation. FIDH investigates the violation of migrants' rights from the country of origin to the country of destination, advocates for legislative and political reforms, and litigates to bring perpetrators of violations to justice.
In June 2013, FIDH provided legal assistance to two survivors of the 'left to die' boat: 72 migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa had left Libya in 2011 in a small dinghy, had run out of fuel and drifted 'for two weeks along one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world'. A complaint—with FIDH and 3 other NGOs as civil parties—was lodged against the French and Spanish military for failing to 'assist people in danger'.
Promote effective judicial mechanisms that respect human rights:
FIDH seeks to strengthen independent judicial systems and supports transitional justice processes that respect victims’ rights. When recourse to national remedies is ineffective or impossible, FIDH helps victims to either access courts in other countries through extraterritorial jurisdiction, or to bring their cases to the International Criminal Court (ICC) or regional human rights courts. FIDH participates in strengthening these regional and international mechanisms. Achieving the universal abolition of capital punishment and securing the right to a fair trial, including in the fight against terrorism, are also important FIDH objectives.
Strengthen respect for human rights in the context of globalisation:
FIDH documents and denounces human rights violations involving corporations and demands that economic actors be held accountable, including through litigation. FIDH aspires to see human rights positioned at the heart of investment and trade negotiations, and strives for the effective implementation of economic, social and cultural rights.
Defend democratic principles and support victims in times of conflict:
FIDH responds to requests from member organisations in times of armed or violent political conflict and in closed countries. It conducts fact-finding missions in the field and mobilises the international community through international and regional organisations, third countries and other levers of influence.
Activities
Monitoring and promoting human rights, assisting victims
These activities, including fact-finding and trial observation missions, research, advocacy and litigation, are implemented by independent human rights experts from all regions. Between 2009 and 2012, 576 defenders of human rights were released and the judicial harassment of 116 defenders ended.
Mobilizing the international community
FIDH provides guidance and support to its member organizations and other local partners in their interactions with international and regional inter-governmental organizations (IGOs). FIDH has established delegations at the UN in Geneva and New York, at the European Union in Brussels and, since 2006, at the League of Arab States in Cairo. From 2004 to 2005, FIDH filed and supported over 500 cases before international IGOs. FIDH participates in standard-setting processes and promotes the establishment of monitoring mechanisms.
Supporting national NGOs and increasing their capacity
FIDH, together with its members and partners, implements cooperation programs at the national level, aimed at strengthening the capacity of human rights organizations. FIDH provides training and assists in creating opportunities for dialogue with authorities. From 2004 to 2005, FIDH undertook such programs in 32 countries in Africa, 16 in Latin America, 3 in Asia and 10 in the North Africa/Middle Eastern region.
Raising awareness—informing, alerting, bearing witness
FIDH draws public attention to the outcomes of its missions, its research findings and eyewitness accounts of human rights violations, by means of press releases, press conferences, open letters, mission reports, urgent appeals, petitions and the FIDH website (in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Persian and Turkish). In 2005, internet traffic on www.fidh.org amounted to approximately 2 million pages visited, and 400 references to FIDH per day were calculated on websites based in over 100 countries.
Structure
FIDH has its headquarters in Paris. It relies primarily on a pool of dedicated volunteers. The organizational structure consists of elected boards and a small body of permanent staff who support the activities of the board members and the mission delegates.
Every three years, the FIDH Congress gathers together member organizations to elect the International Board, fix the priorities of the organization and decide whether to grant membership to new partners or to exclude member organizations which no longer satisfy its requirements.
The FIDH International Board is composed of a President, Treasurer, 15 Vice-presidents and 5 Secretaries General, all of whom work on a voluntary basis and represent all regions of the world. Honorary Presidents have consultative status on the International Board. The International Board meets 3 times per year to define FIDH’s political and strategic orientations and to draw up and approve the budget. The Executive Board is composed of the President, the Treasurer and the 5 Secretaries General, and is responsible for the management of FIDH on a daily basis. This body meets once per month to take decisions on current concerns and requests submitted by member organizations. The two Boards call on the expertise of other collaborators in FIDH’s activities, including the permanent delegates to intergovernmental organizations and the mission delegates. The team of mission delegates gathers together several hundred individuals from all regions.
The International Secretariat is based in Paris, with delegations to the United Nations in Geneva and New York City, to the European Union in Brussels, to the International Criminal Court in The Hague, to the African Union in Nairobi and to the Asean in Bangkok. It also has regional offices in Abidjan, Bamako, Cairo, Conakry and Tunis. It implements decisions taken by the International and Executive Boards and ensures regular support to member organizations. The Secretariat employs 45 permanent staff, assisted by interns and volunteers.
References
External links
*
Category:Organizations based in Paris
Category:International organizations based in France
Category:Organizations established in 1922 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Ashlyns School
Ashlyns School is a mixed secondary school and sixth form located in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England. The school was established in 1935 as the final location of the Foundling Hospital, a children's charity founded in London in 1739. The Berkhamsted building converted into a school in 1955.
Ashlyns School is noted as an example of neo-Georgian architecture and is a Grade II listed building.
History
The Foundling Hospital was a charitable institution founded in 1739 by the philanthropic sea captain Thomas Coram to house and educate abandoned and orphaned children. It was established under royal charter by King George II and was supported by many noted figures of the day in high society and the arts. Artists such as William Hogarth, Joshua Reynolds, Allan Ramsay and Thomas Gainsborough all exhibited paintings at the Hospital, and the composer George Frederic Handel held benefit concerts in the Hospital chapel to raise funds, performing his specially composed Foundling Hospital Anthem and his oratorio Messiah.
The Foundling Hospital was located in Lamb's Conduit Fields in Bloomsbury, an undeveloped, pastoral area of London. As the city expanded and became more polluted in the 19th century, the Hospital governors began to consider relocation to a healthier, more rural location. With the advent of the railways, travel outside the city was much easier. In 1926, the Foundling Hospital relocated temporarily to Redhill, Surrey, while a new, purpose-built school was constructed in Berkhamsted on land obtained from the Ashlyns Estate. The new building, designed by John Mortimer Sheppard in a neo-Georgian style and modelled on the original Foundling Hospital, opened in 1935.
Following the reorganisation of schools under the Education Act 1944, the Foundling Hospital began to provide education under the name of Thomas Coram Schools, supported by a grant from Hertfordshire County Council. After the Children Act 1948 placed an obligation on local authorities to provide child welfare services, the emphasis in child care in Britain began to shift from residential institutions to foster care, with children living in local homes and attending local schools. In 1951 the Berkhamsted building became a secondary modern school, under the name Ashlyns School. For a time some children under the care of the charity continued to live in the school, but once they moved out after 1954, their dormitories on the first floor became class rooms. In 1955, after protracted negotiations, the Ashlyns School and the Foundling Hospital estate (including staff houses in Coram Close) were sold to Hertfordshire County Council for the sum of £225,000. In the 1960s, Ashlyns became a comprehensive school.
While Ashlyns School no longer fulfils a charitable function, the work of the Foundling Hospital is continued today by the Thomas Coram Foundation for Children (now known simply as Coram), a registered charity.
In recent years, the school was awarded specialist school status as a Language College. On 19 December 2008 Headteacher Mr Dalziel resigned after 10 years in charge; he was replaced by Mr Gary Lewis from January to April 2009 and then he was replaced by Mr James Shapland, formerly Deputy Headteacher of Nicholas Breakspear School in St Albans.
Filming location
The school has been used for the setting of the film Son of Rambow which was primarily shot in the surrounding area of Berkhamsted and Ashridge Estate. Location filming has also taken place at Ashlyns for the BBC television drama Call the Midwife and the soap opera Eastenders. In 2013, the Australian rock band Tame Impala shot the music video for their single "Mind Mischief", from their album Lonerism, on the school premises.
Architecture
The school was constructed for the Foundling Hospital 1932–35 by the architect John Mortimer Sheppard. Set in extensive grounds, it is designed in a Neo-Georgian (Neoclassical) style, laid out as a symmetrical group of school buildings linked by colonnades of stone columns and organised around a courtyard. At the centre of the site, facing the entrance avenue, is the school chapel, topped with a tall cupola. The chapel is fronted by a large stone portico; four Doric columns support a large pediment which is emblazoned with the school coat of arms, consisting of an escutcheon depicting a baby and the moon and stars, and topped by crest of a lamb. It is flanked by a pair female supporters, the allegorical figures of Britannia and the eight-breasted Artemis of Ephesus. The motto is "Help". This heraldic device is similar to the arms of the original Foundling Hospital designed by William Hogarth.
When it was opened, the chapel at Berkhamsted was fitted out with a number of fixtures and artefacts which had been transferred from the original Foundling Hospital Chapel in London, including a bust of the composer George Frederick Handel; the original 18th-century wooden pews, including the "Governors' pews"; several stained glass windows; the ornate iron communion rail; a baptismal font dating from 1804; a mid-nineteenth-century pulpit; and a number of 18th and 19th-century memorials, many of which made reference to burials in St George's, Bloomsbury, the parish church that stood next to the old Foundling Hospital. The chapel organ, which had been personally donated to the Foundling Hospital by George Frederick Handel in the 1750s, was also installed in the Berkhamsted chapel. It is thought that the organ casing was designed by the original Hospital architect, Theodore Jacobsen. The bodily remains of the founder, Thomas Coram, were placed in a tomb in a memorial crypt. Nikolaus Pevsner also mentions the statue of Thomas Coram by the sculptor William Calder Marshall, which had once stood at the entrance gates of the Bloomsbury Hospital grounds.
Prior to the sale of the school to Hertfordshire County Council in 1955, there was some debate about the original Foundling Hospital fixtures that had been brought to Berkhamsted. While some items were left in place in Ashlyns, many other items were removed. The remains of Thomas Coram were exhumed and moved to the Church of St Andrew, Holborn in London. The chapel organ was also dismantled and re-installed in St Andrew's Holborn along with the font and pulpit.
Since 2003, Ashlyns School building and its chapel have been a Grade II listed building.
Chapel fittings
References
External links
Ashlyns School – Hertfordshire County Council
Ashlyns School on British Listed Buildings
1930s photo of Foundling Children outside Ashlyns School Chapel (from )
(shot on location at Ashlyns School)
Category:Secondary schools in Hertfordshire
Category:Relocated schools
Category:Berkhamsted
Category:Foundation schools in Hertfordshire
Category:1951 establishments in England
Category:Georgian Revival architecture in the United Kingdom
Category:Grade II listed buildings in Hertfordshire
Category:Foundling Hospital | {
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Dineutus nigrior
Dineutus nigrior is a species of whirligig beetle in the family Gyrinidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Gyrinidae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Beetles described in 1895 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Goodman, Wisconsin
Goodman is a town in Marinette County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 820 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Goodman is located in the town.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 107.6 square miles (278.6 km²), of which, 105.9 square miles (274.2 km²) of it is land and 1.7 square miles (4.4 km²) of it (1.59%) is water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 820 people, 360 households, and 240 families residing in the town. The population density was 7.7 people per square mile (3.0/km²). There were 680 housing units at an average density of 6.4 per square mile (2.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.29% White, 0.24% African American, 0.49% Native American, 0.12% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.98% of the population.
There were 360 households out of which 21.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.3% were non-families. 28.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.75.
In the town, the population was spread out with 18.7% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 27.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $31,087, and the median income for a family was $34,250. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $20,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,941. About 6.6% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.
History
The origins of Goodman date to the late 1800s, when it was created as a logging community for the Sawyer-Goodman Lumber Company by the Goodman brothers: James B. Goodman (1841–1907), Robert F. Goodman (1844–1924), and William O. Goodman (1848–1936). The settlement was initially named Dunbar in 1899, and the name was changed to Goodman in 1915.
Robert F. Goodman's son Robert B. Goodman (1871–1957) is thought to be one of the first loggers in the country to utilize selective cutting practices. During a 62-year period, starting in 1927, the Goodman Lumber Company removed 417 million board feet of timber. Today, due to the use of selective cutting the volume of timber available is of similar volume as there was in 1927. In the town center there is the Goodman Club House, which contains a ballroom, theater, and restaurant. This Club House was once known to draw well known performers.
100th anniversary
Goodman celebrated its 100th anniversary on August 8 and 9, 2008. It is estimate that over 4,000 people attended. Events included a play commemorating the founding of Goodman as company town, a lumberjack breakfast, a lumberjack exhibition, saw playing, a parade, and a fireworks display.
External links
Town of Goodman, Wisconsin
References
Category:Towns in Marinette County, Wisconsin
Category:Marinette micropolitan area
Category:Company towns in Wisconsin
Category:Towns in Wisconsin | {
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Petro Tyschtschenko
Petro Taras Ostap Tyschtschenko (born 16 April 1943) is a German businessman best known for his work in the European market for the American computer company Commodore International.
Early life
Tyschtschenko's father fled from his former homeland Ukraine to Austria during World War I, and met his wife there. They married in 1941 and had a son, Petro, in 1943. The family later moved to Bavaria in Germany, where Petro went to school and did his armed service in the German Bundeswehr in 1966.
Career
Tyschtschenko first came into contact with Commodore in 1982, when he saw a job advertisement in a newspaper. Salomon+Schimmelmann, a German headhunter company, was looking for a new business administrator for Commodore. Tyschtschenko immediately signed up for a job interview, but was not hired. However, he later received a telephone call from Harald Speyer, the director of Commodore's German market, saying he would want to hire Tyschtschenko as a business administrator and wanted him to start as soon as possible. Tyschtschenko immediately resigned from his current job at the company Addressograph-Multigraph and joined Commodore the next day.
Tyschtschenko later became the director of logistics for the whole European market at Commodore, responsible for the sales and delivery of Commodore VIC-20s and Commodore 64s all over Germany and other European countries. After Commodore bought the new computer start-up company Amiga Corporation, Tyschtschenko's duties expanded to the Amiga line as well. After Commodore went bankrupt, Tyschtschenko prevented the takeover by Commodore UK, the only remaining profitable entity. He would have been without a job in that situation since he was known as "Mehdi Ali's bag carrier" - Ali being Commodore's last CEO and former Managing Director - to the people running Commodore UK (i.e. David Pleasance). Instead, Tyschtschenko orchestrated the takeover of the Amiga productline by ESCOM, ensuring he himself would become president of the newly formed Amiga Technologies company.
Current life
Tyschtschenko is no longer professionally employed in the Amiga market. He has founded his own consulting company Power Service GmbH. Even though Tyschtschenko no longer works with Amigas, he is still active in the Amiga user and fan community, visiting numerous Amiga club meetings all over the world every year.
After an appearance at Amiga: 30 years in Amsterdam (an event to celebrate the 30th birthday of the Amiga computer), Tyschtschenko announced the sale of his Commodore/Amiga Technologies collection
Tyschtschenko is married since 1970 to his wife Erika and has a daughter Tanja (born 1972) and a son Taras (born 1974).
References
Sources
Tyschtschenko, Petro: Meine Erinnerungen an Commodore und Amiga, self-published 2014, .
Petro T. Tyschtschenko announces the sale of his Commodore collection: http://commodore.ninja/petro-t-tyschtschenko-announces-the-sale-of-his-commodore-collection/
See also
Category:1943 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Vienna
Category:German businesspeople
Category:Amiga people | {
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Dudley Campbell (cricketer)
Dudley Campbell (24 December 1833 – 24 January 1900) was an English cricketer. He played six first-class matches for Cambridge University Cricket Club between 1853 and 1854.
See also
List of Cambridge University Cricket Club players
References
External links
Category:1833 births
Category:1900 deaths
Category:English cricketers
Category:Cambridge University cricketers
Category:People from Westminster
Category:Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Seed-based d mapping
Seed-based d mapping (formerly Signed differential mapping) or SDM is a statistical technique created by Joaquim Radua for meta-analyzing studies on differences in brain activity or structure which used neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI, VBM, DTI or PET. It may also refer to a specific piece of software created by the SDM Project to carry out such meta-analyses.
The seed-based d mapping approach
Overview of the method
SDM adopted and combined various positive features from previous methods, such as ALE or MKDA, and introduced a series of improvements and novel features. One of the new features, introduced to avoid positive and negative findings in the same voxel as seen in previous methods, was the representation of both positive differences and negative differences in the same map, thus obtaining a signed differential map (SDM). Another relevant feature, introduced in version 2.11, was the use of effect sizes (leading to effect-size SDM or 'ES-SDM'), which allows combination of reported peak coordinates with statistical parametric maps, thus allowing more exhaustive and accurate meta-analyses.
The method has three steps. First, coordinates of cluster peaks (e.g. the voxels where the differences between patients and healthy controls were highest), and statistical maps if available, are selected according to SDM inclusion criteria. Second, coordinates are used to recreate statistical maps, and effect-sizes maps and their variances are derived from t-statistics (or equivalently from p-values or z-scores). Finally, individual study maps are meta-analyzed using different tests to complement the main outcome with sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses.
Inclusion criteria
It is not uncommon in neuroimaging studies that some regions (e.g. a priori regions of interest) are more liberally thresholded than the rest of the brain. However, a meta-analysis of studies with such intra-study regional differences in thresholds would be biased towards these regions, as they are more likely to be reported just because authors apply more liberal thresholds in them. In order to overcome this issue SDM introduced a criterion in the selection of the coordinates: while different studies may employ different thresholds, you should ensure that the same threshold throughout the whole brain was used within each included study.
Pre-processing of studies
After conversion of statistical parametric maps and peak coordinates to Talairach space, an SDM map is created for each study within a specific gray or white matter template. Pre-processing of statistical parametric maps is straightforward, while pre-processing of reported peak coordinates requires recreating the clusters of difference by means of an un-normalized Gaussian Kernel, so that voxels closer to the peak coordinate have higher values. A rather large full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 20mm is used to account for different sources of spatial error, e.g. coregistration mismatch in the studies, the size of the cluster or the location of the peak within the cluster. Within a study, values obtained by close Gaussian kernels are summed, though values are combined by square-distance-weighted averaging.
Statistical comparisons
SDM provides several different statistical analyses in order to complement the main outcome with sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses.
The main statistical analysis is the mean analysis, which consists in calculating the mean of the voxel values in the different studies. This mean is weighted by the inverse of the variance and accounts for inter-study heterogeneity (QH maps).
Subgroup analyses are mean analyses applied to groups of studies to allow the study of heterogeneity.
Linear model analyses (e.g. meta-regression) are a generalization of the mean analysis to allow comparisons between groups and the study of possible confounds. A low variability of the regressor is critical in meta-regressions, so they are recommended to be understood as exploratory and to be more conservatively thresholded.
Jack-knife analysis consists in repeating a test as many times as studies have been included, discarding one different study each time, i.e. removing one study and repeating the analyses, then putting that study back and removing another study and repeating the analysis, and so on. The idea is that if a significant brain region remains significant in all or most of the combinations of studies it can be concluded that this finding is highly replicable.
The statistical significance of the analyses is checked by standard randomization tests. It is recommended to use uncorrected p-values = 0.005, as this significance has been found in this method to be approximately equivalent to a corrected p-value = 0.05. A false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.05 has been found in this method to be too conservative. Values in a Talairach label or coordinate can also be extracted for further processing or graphical presentation.
SDM software
SDM is software written by the SDM project to aid the meta-analysis of voxel-based neuroimaging data. It is distributed as freeware including a graphical interface and a menu/command-line console. It can also be integrated as an SPM extension.
References
External links
SDM software and documentation from the SDM Project.
Category:Biostatistics
Category:Neuroimaging
Category:Neuroimaging software
Category:Meta-analysis | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Coniacian
The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous epoch or Upper Cretaceous series and spans the time between 89.8 ± 1 Ma and 86.3 ± 0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Coniacian is preceded by the Turonian and followed by the Santonian.
Stratigraphic definitions
The Coniacian is named after the city of Cognac in the French region of Saintonge. It was first defined by French geologist Henri Coquand in 1857.
The base of the Coniacian stage is at the first appearance of the inoceramid bivalve species Cremnoceramus rotundatus. An official reference profile for the base (a GSSP) had in 2009 not yet been appointed.
The top of the Coniacian (the base of the Santonian stage) is defined by the appearance of the inoceramid bivalve Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus.
The Coniacian overlaps the regional Emscherian stage of Germany, which is roughly coeval with the Coniacian and Santonian stages. In magnetostratigraphy, the Coniacian is part of magnetic chronozone C34, the so-called Cretaceous Magnetic Quiet Zone, a relatively long period with normal polarity.
Sequence stratigraphy and geochemistry
After a maximum of the global sea level during the early Turonian, the Coniacian was characterized by a gradual fall of the sea level. This cycle is in sequence stratigraphy seen as a first order cycle. During the middle Coniacian a shorter, second order cycle, caused a temporary rise of the sea level (and global transgressions) on top of the longer first order trend. The following regression (Co1, at 87,0 Ma) separates the Middle from the Upper Coniacian substage. An even shorter third order cycle caused a new transgression during the Late Coniacian.
Beginning in the Middle Coniacian, an anoxic event (OAE-3) occurred in the Atlantic Ocean, causing large scale deposition of black shales in the Atlantic domain. The anoxic event lasted till the Middle Santonian (from 87.3 to 84.6 Ma) and is the longest and last such event during the Cretaceous period.
Subdivision
The Coniacian is often subdivided into Lower, Middle and Upper substages. It encompasses three ammonite biozones in the Tethys domain:
zone of Paratexanites serratomarginatus
zone of Gauthiericeras margae
zone of Peroniceras tridorsatum
In the boreal domain the Coniacian overlaps just one ammonite biozone: that of Forresteria petrocoriensis
Palaeontology
†Ornithischians
†Sauropods
†Plesiosaurs
Theropods
References
Notes
Literature
; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
; 2006: Origins and accumulation of organic matter in expanded Albian to Santonian black shale sequences on the Demerara Rise, South American margin, Organic Geochemistry 37, pp 1816–1830.
External links
GeoWhen Database - Coniacian
Late Cretaceous timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
Stratigraphic chart of the Late Cretaceous, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
*03
Category:Geological ages
Category:Cretaceous geochronology | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ellerton-on-Swale
Ellerton-on-Swale or Ellerton (historically known as Ellerton-upon-Swale) is a small village and civil parish about a mile east of Catterick in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. At the 2011 census, the population of the parish (including Bolton-on-Swale) was 183, with Ellerton itself having 120 people. In 2015, North Yorkshire County Council estimated the population to have dropped by 10 to 110 people.
The village sits just south of the B6271 road between Richmond and Northallerton, and has a large lake used for diving between the settlement and the River Swale to the south. Another lake to the west, Bolton-on-Swale Lake, is a former sand and gravel quarry and is now a Yorkshire Wildlife Trust sponsored nature reserve.
The village has an entry in the Domesday Book which states that it belonged to Count Alan and had six villagers. It is said that it is the birthplace of Henry Jenkins, who died in 1670 and is reported to have lived to an incredible age of 169 years. In 1743, a memorial obelisk was placed over his grave in the nearby churchyard of Bolton-on-Swale.
References
External links
Category:Villages in North Yorkshire
Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Category:Swaledale | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Queens Chapel Road Line
The Queens Chapel Road Line, designated Route R4, is a daily bus route operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority between the Highview Apartment Complex in Hyattsville, MD & the Brookland–CUA station of the Red Line of the Washington Metro. The line operates every 20–35 minutes during peak hours, 70 minutes during midday service and 65–70 minutes on the weekends. R4 trips are roughly 30 minutes.
Background
The Queens Chapel Road Line was originally served by routes G7 and G9 until 1978 when routes R2, R4, R6, and R7 replaced both routes. On December 11, 1993, the route was simplified with the R2 being rerouted to serve as the Riggs Road Line as a replacement for the R8 & R9 while the R6 & R7 were replaced by the R4. Route G9 would later be reincarnated as the Rhode Island Avenue Limited Line in 2017.
Route R4 currently get their buses out of Bladensburg division.
History
The Queens Chapel Road Line consisted of routes R2, R4, R6, and R7 during its inception on December 6, 1978 replacing routes G7 and G9. All routes ran between Brookland–CUA station and a variety of destinations in Prince Georges County.
Routes G7 & G9 operated from the Highview Apartment Complex in Hyattsville, MD, all the way up to Downtown DC until being replaced by routes R2, R4, R6, and R7. All routes mostly operated along Bunker Hill Road, 10th Street, Perry Street, Michigan Avenue, Queens Chapel Road, Ager Road, Hamilton Street, Gallatin Street, 42nd Avenue, and Farragut Street running parallel between Brookland-CUA station and the intersection of Ager Road & Hamilton Street.
Route R2 originally operated between Brookland–CUA station and Centerpark Office Park in Calverton running to Prince George's Plaza and along Belcrest Road, East-West Highway, Baltimore Avenue, Rhode Island Avenue, and Powder Mill Road.
Route R4 originally operated between Brookland–CUA station and Hyattsville running along parts of the G4 streetcar line mostly operating parallel with route F8 mostly operating in the historical area of Hyattsville. The route terminated along the former Queens Chapel Municipal Airport, and Hyattsville division where West Hyattsville station now stands.
Route R6 would operated between Brookland–CUA station & the Lewisdale Neighborhood (Lewisdale Drive & 23rd Avenue) remaining on Ager Road, turning onto 23rd Avenue, and then turning onto Lewisdale Drive, to reach its Lewisdale terminus at the intersection of Lewisdale Drive & 23rd Avenue. The R6 would then turn back and operate in the direction of the Brookland-CUA station by running along Fordham Street and 23rd Avenue.
Route R7, would operate between Brookland-CUA station and the Highview Apartment Complex in Hyattsville, Maryland during the weekdays only. Route R7 will follow route R2's routing all the way up to The Mall at Prince Georges then operate along Toledo Road, Belcrest Road, Northwest Drive, Dean Drive, and Highview Terrace to reach the apartments.
Simplification of the Line
On December 11, 1993, changes were made as an attempt to simplify the line.
Routes R2 was rerouted to operate to Fort Totten station via Riggs Road and East West Highway replacing routes R8 and R9 to become a part of the "Riggs Road Line". Route R7 will also join route R2 operating the same R2 routing but diverting into the United States Army Research Laboratory along Floral Drive. Route R6 was discontinued in the process with all routes being replaced by extended route R4. Lewisdale service was completely replaced by newly created route R3 from Prince George's Plaza station.
The R4 was extended to Highview Apartment Complex in Hyattsville, which is a combination of the R4 and R7, with the exception that it would divert into the newly opened Prince George's Plaza station, and West Hyattsville station. The former routing on Hamilton Street (from the intersection of Ager Road all the way up to 38th Avenue), 38th Avenue, Jefferson Street, and Baltimore Avenue, was replaced by Route F8. Parts of routes R4's former routing on along Gallatin Street, 42nd Avenue, Farragut Street, Baltimore Avenue, was replaced by TheBus Route 13 in 1996.
Service Changes (2003 & 2007)
On May 15, 2003, the original bus bays inside Prince Georges Plaza mall, were demolished in order to build a new Target store. Route R4 along with routes 86, C4, F4, F6, F8, R3, R2 and TheBus 13, 14, 18 have stopped entering and looping inside around the mall.
When the site of where the new Mosaic Apartments next to Prince George's Plaza station, were being built, route R4 was rerouted to operate along East West Highway and turning onto Belcrest Road going to Highview from Prince George's Plaza station due to the construction. Southbound service to Brookland station was unaffected by the change.
References
R4 | {
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Equatorial Guinea Bar Association
The Equatorial Guinea Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados de Guinea Ecuatorial) was an association of lawyers in Equatorial Guinea.
In May 2002 the government dissolved the association by decree. The Minister of Justice and Worship created a High Council of Lawyers, chaired by himself, and declared that all lawyers must apply to his ministry for recognition.
The Human Rights Institute of the International Bar Association visited the country in July 2003, and issued a report expressing serious concern. They cited abuses such as torture, failure to guarantee the right to a fair trial, lack of freedom of expression and association, and poor prison conditions. They concluded that the rule of law no longer applied.
A new Bar Association was formed in January 2003.
A report prepared for the UNHCR and issued in 2004 said that all members of the new Bar Association were reportedly appointed by, and are under the control of, the Minister of Justice.
References
Category:African bar associations
Category:Equatoguinean law | {
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Charge pump
A charge pump is a kind of DC to DC converter that uses capacitors for energetic charge storage to raise or lower voltage. Charge-pump circuits are capable of high efficiencies, sometimes as high as 90–95%, while being electrically simple circuits.
Description
Charge pumps use some form of switching device to control the connection of a supply voltage across a load through a capacitor. In a two stage cycle, in the first stage a capacitor is connected across the supply, charging it to that same voltage. In the second stage the circuit is reconfigured so that the capacitor is in series with the supply and the load. This doubles the voltage across the load - the sum of the original supply and the capacitor voltages. The pulsing nature of the higher voltage switched output is often smoothed by the use of an output capacitor.
An external or secondary circuit drives the switching, typically at tens of kilohertz up to several megahertz. The high frequency minimizes the amount of capacitance required, as less charge needs to be stored and dumped in a shorter cycle.
Charge pumps can double voltages, triple voltages, halve voltages, invert voltages, fractionally multiply or scale voltages (such as ×3/2, ×4/3, ×2/3, etc.) and generate arbitrary voltages by quickly alternating between modes, depending on the controller and circuit topology.
They are commonly used in low-power electronics (such as mobile phones) to raise and lower voltages for different parts of the circuitry - minimizing power consumption by controlling supply voltages carefully.
Terminology for PLL
The term charge pump is also commonly used in phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits even though there is no pumping action involved unlike in the circuit discussed above. A PLL charge pump is merely a bipolar switched current source. This means that it can output positive and negative current pulses into the loop filter of the PLL. It cannot produce higher or lower voltages than its power and ground supply levels.
Applications
A common application for charge-pump circuits is in RS-232 level shifters, where they are used to derive positive and negative voltages (often +10 V and −10 V) from a single 5 V or 3 V power supply rail.
Charge pumps can also be used as LCD or white-LED drivers, generating high bias voltages from a single low-voltage supply, such as a battery.
Charge pumps are extensively used in NMOS memories and microprocessors to generate a negative voltage "VBB" (about −3 V), which is connected to the substrate. This guarantees that all N+-to-substrate junctions are reversely biased by 3 V or more, decreasing junction capacitance and increasing circuit speed.
A charge pump providing a negative voltage spike has been used in NES-compatible games not licensed by Nintendo in order to stun the Nintendo Entertainment System lockout chip.
As of 2007, charge pumps are integrated into nearly all EEPROM and flash-memory integrated circuits. These devices require a high-voltage pulse to "clean out" any existing data in a particular memory cell before it can be written with a new value. Early EEPROM and flash-memory devices required two power supplies: +5 V (for reading) and +12 V (for erasing). , commercially available flash memory and EEPROM memory requires only one external power supply – generally 1.8 V or 3.3 V. A higher voltage, used to erase cells, is generated internally by an on-chip charge pump.
Charge pumps are used in H bridges in high-side drivers for gate-driving high-side n-channel power MOSFETs and IGBTs. When the centre of a half bridge goes low, the capacitor is charged through a diode, and this charge is used to later drive the gate of the high-side FET a few volts above the source voltage so as to switch it on. This strategy works well, provided the bridge is regularly switched and avoids the complexity of having to run a separate power supply and permits the more efficient n-channel devices to be used for both switches. This circuit (requiring the periodic switching of the high-side FET) may also be called a "bootstrap" circuit, and some would differentiate between that and a charge pump (which would not require that switching).
Vertical deflection circuit in CRT monitors. With use of ic TDA1670A for example. To achieve maximum deviation, the CRT coil needs ~50v. The charge pump trick from the 24v supply line eliminates the need for another voltage.
See also
Cockcroft–Walton generator
Voltage multiplier
Switched capacitor
Charge transfer switch
Voltage doubler
References
Applying the equivalent resistor concept to calculating the power losses in the charge pumps
J. C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Oxford, The Clarendon Press, 1873, pp. 420–425, “Intermittent current,” Art. 775, 776.
Z. Singer, A. Emanuel, and M. S. Erlicki, “Power regulation by means of a switched capacitor,” in Proc. of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 119, №2, 1972, pp. 149–152.
G. van Steenwijk, K. Hoen, and H. Wallinga, “Analysis and design of a charge pump circuit for high output current applications”, in Proc. 19th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC) 1993, pp. 118–121.
J. W. Kimball, P. T. Krein, and K. R. Cahill, “Modeling of capacitor impedance in switching converters,” IEEE Power Electronics Letters, Vol. 3, №4, 2005, pp. 136–140.
K. Itoh, M. Horiguchi, and H. Tanaka, Ultra-Low Voltage Nano-Scale Memories, Series on Integrated Circuits and Systems, Springer, 2007, 400p.
M. D. Seeman and S. R. Sanders, “Analysis and optimization of switched capacitor DC-DC Converters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 23, №2, 2008, pp. 841–851.
S. Ben-Yaakov and M. Evzelman, “Generic and unified model of switched capacitor converters,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Expo. (ECCE) 2009, pp. 3501–3508.
S. Ben-Yaakov, "On the influence of switch resistances on switched capacitor converters losses," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011.
Charge pumps where the voltages across the capacitors follow the binary number system
F. Ueno, T. Inoue, and I. Oota, “Realization of a new switched-capacitor transformer with a step-up transformer ratio 2n–1 using n capacitors,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) 1986, pp. 805–808.
J. A. Starzyk, Y.-W. Jan, and F. Qiu, “A DC-DC charge pump design based on voltage doublers,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, Part I, Vol. 48, №3, 2001, pp. 350–359.
F. L. Luo, and H. Ye, “Positive output multiple-lift push–pull switched-capacitor Luo-converters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 51, №3, 2004, pp. 594–602.
S. Ben-Yaakov and A. Kushnerov, “Algebraic foundation of self-adjusting switched capacitors converters,” IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Expo. (ECCE) 2009, pp. 1582–1589.
External links
Charge Pump, inductorless, Voltage Regulators
On-chip High-Voltage Generator Design
Charge Pump DC/DC Converters. Applications, circuits and solutions using inductorless (charge pump) dc/dc converters.
DC/DC Conversion without Inductors. General description of charge pump operation; example applications using Maxim controllers.
Charge-Pump and Step-Up DC-DC Converter Solutions for Powering White LEDs in Series or Parallel Connections
Circuit Board Layout Guidelines for White LED Charge Pumps
Linearized three state phase detector by Steven F. Gillig (patent filed 1990, awarded 1990, assigned to Motorola)
Linearized digital phase and frequency detector by John D. Hatchett and Andrew S. Olesin (patent filed 1980, awarded 1983, assigned to Motorola)
Charge pump circuits overview. Tutorial by G. Palumbo and D. Pappalardo
Category:Electric power conversion
Category:Voltage regulation
es:Multiplicador de tensión | {
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Alessia Busi
Alessia Busi (born 10 May 1994, in Milan) is an Italian ice dancer. With partner Andrea Fabbri, she is a two-time (2012, 2013) Italian national junior silver medalist and finished 17th at the 2013 World Junior Championships.
Programs
(with Fabbri)
Competitive highlights
(with Fabbri)
References
External links
Category:1994 births
Category:Italian female ice dancers
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Milan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Huando District
Huando District is one of nineteen districts of the province Huancavelica in Peru.
Ethnic groups
The people in the district are mainly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent. Quechua is the language which the majority of the population (53.49%) learnt to speak in childhood, 46.10% of the residents started speaking using the Spanish language (2007 Peru Census).
References | {
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Denys Balan
Denys Balan (; born 18 August 1993) is a professional Ukrainian football defender.
Career
Balan is a product of the Youth Sportive School #11 in his native city Odesa and FC Dynamo Kyive systems.
He played for FC Dynamo and FC Dnipro in the Ukrainian Premier League Reserves and then in the Ukrainian Second League and in the Ukrainian First League, until July 2017, when Balan signed contract with FC Chornomorets
References
External links
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Odessa
Category:Ukrainian footballers
Category:FC Cherkashchyna players
Category:Ukrainian Premier League players
Category:FC Dynamo-2 Kyiv players
Category:FC Real Pharma Odesa players
Category:FC Chornomorets Odesa players
Category:FC Inhulets Petrove players
Category:Association football defenders
Category:Ukrainian First League players | {
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HP Multi-Programming Executive
MPE (Multi-Programming Executive) is a discontinued business-oriented mainframe computer real-time operating system made by Hewlett-Packard. While initially a mini-mainframe, the final high-end systems supported 12 CPUs and over 2000 simultaneous users.
Description
It runs the HP 3000 family of computers, which originally used HP custom 16-bit stack architecture CISC CPUs and were later migrated to PA-RISC where the operating system was called MPE XL.
In 1983, the original version of MPE was written in a language called SPL (System Programming Language). MPE XL was written primarily in HP Pascal, with some assembly language and some of the old SPL code.
In 1992, the OS name was changed to MPE/iX to indicate Unix interoperability with the addition of POSIX compatibility. The discontinuance of the product line was announced in late 2001, with support from HP terminating at the end of 2010. A number of 3rd party companies still support both the hardware and software.
In 2002 HP released the last version MPE/iX 7.5.
Commands
Among others, MPE/iX supports the following list of common commands and programs.
=SHUTDOWN
BASIC
CHDIR
COPY
DEBUG
ECHO
ELSE
EXIT
FORTRAN
HELP
IF
PASCAL
PRINT
RENAME
SH
WHILE
See also
HP 3000
References
External links
Allegro Consultants, Inc. Free HP 3000 Software, MPE Software Support
Beechglen Development Inc. MPE Software Support
HP MPE/iX homepage
HP MPE/iX Command reference
openMPE Advocates of continued MPE and IMAGE source code access beyond 2010
Category:Discontinued operating systems
Multi-Programming Executive
Category:Proprietary operating systems
Category:1974 software | {
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Matt Chahda
Matthew Chahda (born 12 September 1993) is an Australian racing car driver. He currently competes in the Dunlop Super2 Series with Matt Chahda Motorsport in the No. 18 Ford FG X Falcon
Racing career
Super2 Series
After competing in the 2013 and 2014 Kumho Tyres V8 Touring Car Series, Chahda graduated to the Dunlop Series competing in the first two rounds in 2015 for RSport Engineering and his own family team for the rest of the season and the full series in 2016, again with the family run team. After being refused for the Superlicence dispensation, Chada continued in the Super2 Series with a Holden VF Commodore and finished the championship in 16th place.
Supercars
On 9 February 2017 it was announced that Chahda would be stepping up to the main game, driving a Holden VF Commodore for Lucas Dumbrell Motorsport, despite having only finished 20th in the previous DVS season with not even a top 10 finish. This came off the back of the controversial decision the day before to allow 16 year old Alex Rullo to drive for the same team. Shortly after the announcement the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport released a statement which stated that Chahda had been refused dispensation for a Superlicence for the 2017 season.
Career results
References
Category:Australian racing drivers
Category:Living people
Category:People from Albury, New South Wales
Category:Supercars Championship drivers
Category:1993 births | {
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Ben Gulliver
Ben Gulliver (born 16 March 1981 in Coventry) is a Rugby Union player, who currently plays for Ampthill in National League 1.
His preferred position is Lock. His stature makes him a big threat at line-outs.
Began his career at Coventry and following a brief spell at Saracens (where he represented England Students), Gulliver made the move to the Westcountry to join Plymouth Albion. He impressed there until a broken leg led to a lengthy spell on the sidelines. In summer 2008, Ben moved across the Tamar to local rivals Cornish Pirates. After impressing in 30 appearances in his first campaign, his second season (2009/10) was beset by injury but ultimately successful as Ben contributed to Cornish Pirates' victory in the inaugural British and Irish Cup.
In September, Cornish Pirates announced they had agreed to a three-month loan deal for Ben to go to Leicester Tigers as temporary cover for injured England international locks Geoff Parling and Louis Deacon.
At the end of the 2011-2012 season, Ben left Worcester Warriors after one season and went to Bedford Blues.
References
Category:1981 births
Category:Cornish Pirates players
Category:English rugby union players
Category:Leicester Tigers players
Category:Living people
Category:Plymouth Albion R.F.C. players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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An Inconvenient Sequel (book)
An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power: Your Action Handbook to Learn the Science, Find Your Voice, and Help Solve the Climate Crisis is a book by former Vice President and environmental activist Al Gore, written in conjunction with his 2017 documentary film, An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power. The book is a sequel to his 2006 book An Inconvenient Truth, published concurrently with his documentary of the same name. It was published on July 25, 2017 by Rodale Books.
Synopsis
The book is intended to encourage and inform readers on how they can help fight anthropogenic global warming and climate change, and is a more in-depth analysis than the film. The book describes how humans have further damaged the environment since the release of An Inconvenient Truth, and makes more predictions about what will happen in the near future if humans fail to act. The book also describes advancements that have been made so far in the effort against global warming, such as developments in alternative energy sources. The book explores other aspects of the climate crisis, such as climate change denial and the corporate influence of money in politics, and ends by reasoning that it is not too late to solve the crisis.
Reception
References
Category:Books by Al Gore
Category:2017 non-fiction books
Category:2017 in the environment
Category:Climate change books
Category:Rodale, Inc. books
Category:Books about politics of the United States
Category:American non-fiction books | {
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The Reading School of International Business
The Reading School of International Business is widely understood in the field of international business (IB), management and economics to embody a stream of conceptual, and theoretically-driven empirical research, and consists of a group of economists and international business scholars who share a common approach to analyzing multinational enterprise and foreign direct investment. Some are based in the Department of Economics and in Henley Business School at the University of Reading, England, but membership is international. The Reading School builds upon the pathbreaking theoretical work of Peter Buckley and Mark Casson on internalization theory. This was complemented by simultaneous work by John Dunning as he developed the eclectic paradigm of international business as an envelope explanation containing three principal drivers of foreign direct investment, comprising ownership (O); location (L); and internalization (I). The Reading School approach continues through the work of its academic disciples around the world, as well as through The John Dunning Centre at Henley Business School, University of Reading, under the directorship of Rajneesh Narula.
Origins and Growth
The term ‘Reading School’ was first identified in 1978 by the Japanese economist Kiyoshi Kojima (1920–2010), when he criticized the explanation of the post-war growth of multinational enterprises made by scholars at the University of Reading. Kojima argued that Western multinationals were monopolies that distorted the international allocation of resources rather than improved it. The Reading School, by contrast, emphasized the efficiency gains that multinational enterprises can generate in a world of imperfect markets. They argued that multinationals shared technologies between parent firms and subsidiaries, and between one subsidiary and another, thereby transferring technologies to countries that did not have the resources to develop them themselves.
The Reading School accepts that high-technology firms may possess a degree of monopoly power, but it argues, following Joseph Schumpeter, that monopoly profits can reward innovation. The Reading School approach argues that under certain conditions it is best for society to allow multinationals to decide for themselves whether to retain control of their technologies through foreign investment or to partner with local firms instead.
Internalization theory and the eclectic paradigm have been refined over the last 40 years to become the bedrock explanations of multinational enterprise activity. The founder members of the Reading School were John Harry Dunning (1926–2009), Peter Buckley, Mark Casson, Robert Pearce and John Cantwell. Dunning was Head of the Department of Economics at the University of Reading, 1964-87 (later Professor at Rutgers University, New Jersey), Buckley was Research Fellow at University of Reading in 1973-4 (later Professor at University of Bradford and University of Leeds), Casson was lecturer in Economics (later Professor and Head of Department) at University of Reading, Pearce was Research Fellow (later Professor) at University of Reading and Cantwell was Research Fellow (later Professor) at University of Reading and then Rutgers University. Buckley and Casson promoted internalization theory, whilst the others promoted Dunning's eclectic paradigm. Cantwell later espoused an evolutionary resource-based view of multinationals, while simultaneously also contributing to the eclectic paradigm.
Aside from scholars based at University of Reading, visiting scholars in the 1970s and 1980s were instrumental in debating and refining the Reading School approach. Canadian economist Alan M. Rugman (1945-2014) visited in 1976/77 on sabbatical, and in subsequent years, Rugman became an influential exponent of the Reading School approach, extending internalization theory to address policy issues in business taxation and trade regulation. He returned to University of Reading in 2008 and was Head of International Business and Strategy in Henley Business School. Other notable visitors were Seev Hirsch, founding member of the Leon Recanati Graduate School of Business Administration at Tel Aviv University; Stephen Magee (University of Texas at Austin); David Teece, visiting in 1989, now at University of California, Berkeley; Thomas G. Parry, visiting in 1975; and Masahiko Itaki in the late 1980s. In 1988 the business historian Geoffrey Jones (academic) joined the economics department, and Reading School thinking began to influence business and economic history (Jones left in 2002 and is now Professor of Business History at Harvard Business School). Sarianna Lundan, a Ph.D. student of John Dunning at Rutgers University, joined University of Reading in the late 1990s before moving on to Maastricht University and then University of Bremen. Lundan, along with Dunning late in his career, continued to extend the Reading School approach to multinational enterprise.
Further Contributions of the Reading School
A second area where Reading School theorists have made a significant impact has been the innovation and research and development performance of multinational enterprise. Major contributions have been made in this area by Robert Pearce, whose 1989 book was one of the first systematic analyses of the behaviour of the research and development activities of subsidiaries of multinational enterprise. In parallel, John Cantwell has integrated internalization theory with the economics of technological change and Schumpeterian and evolutionary economics. Rajneesh Narula and Simon Collinson have established conceptual linkages between multinational enterprise activities and their use of outsourcing alliances within national systems of innovation.
A third area of focus for the Reading School is how multinational enterprises affect economic development. Originally developed by Peter Buckley and John Dunning, this takes a macro-view of the interaction of multinational enterprise on structural change in countries. The first published paper by John Dunning proposed a framework that has become known as the investment development path. This proposed that there was a systematic relationship between development and the inward and outward activities of multinational enterprises. This was later extended by a number of collaborative contributions by Rajneesh Narula and John Dunning on FDI and government, and more recently on development and the multinational enterprise. There have been a number of parallel contributions by Nigel Driffield (Aston University), Sanjaya Lall (Oxford University), Hafiz Mirza UNCTAD, Rajah Rasiah (University of Malaya), Nagesh Kumar UNESCAP, Jeremy Clegg (University of Leeds), among others that have further built upon this theme. One of the core insights has been to better understand how learning by firms is motivated by the way in which foreign investors and domestic actors interact, and builds upon internalization theory and the eclectic paradigm. This theme is especially relevant to developing and transition economies, and has inspired a number of important policy studies.
Policy Influence
The influence of the Reading School extends beyond its contributions to academic research, and into policy-making at the highest levels. This dates back to John Dunning’s involvement with UNCTAD in 1968 in drafting a report on the extent and pattern of UK direct investment in less developed countries (LDCs). He was appointed in 1972 to the United Nation's Group of Eminent Persons to examine the role of multinational enterprise in economic development and international relations. Dunning acted as Senior Economic Advisor to the Secretary General of the United Nations from 1991-2006.
Dunning was instrumental in establishing the UN’s annual flagship publication on multinational enterprise – the World Investment Report in 1991. This report has become one of the most important UN reports on multinational enterprise and development, and has become a primary reference point for most governments (now published by UNCTAD). Other members of the Reading School have been engaged in advisory and consultancy roles in writing these reports and preparing background materials, including Mark Casson, Rajneesh Narula and Robert Pearce. Similarly, the UNCTAD World Investment Directory represented an extension of the work of John Dunning and John Cantwell, The IRM Directory of Statistics of International Investment and Production, Macmillan, London and New York University Press, New York, 1987, 820pp.
Alums and Proponents of the Reading School
Many graduates of the Ph.D. program at University of Reading carry on the tradition and approach of the Reading School: Birgitte Andersen (Work Foundation, London), Jeremy Clegg (University of Leeds, UK), Mohamed Azzim Gulamhussen (ISCTE, Lisbon), Nigel Driffield (Aston University, UK), Chie Iguchi (Kieo University, Tokyo), Odile Janne (Birkbeck, University of London, UK), Elena Kosmopoulou (University of Reading), Camilla Noonan (University College Dublin, Ireland), Pavida Pananond (Thammasat University), Marina Papanastassiou (Middlesex University, UK), Robert Read (Lancaster University, UK), Grazia Santangelo (University of Catania, Italy), Teresa da Silva Lopes (University of York, UK), Paz Tolentino (Birkbeck, University of London, UK), Nigel Wadeson (University of Reading) and many others. Currently many influential members of the School have never studied or worked full-time at University of Reading, although many of them visit regularly, e.g. Lorraine Eden (Texas A&M University, College Station), Niron Hashai (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Ram Mudambi (Temple University, Philadelphia) and Alain Verbeke (University of Calgary, Canada). Other notable contributors to the Reading School approach are Simona Iammarino (London School of Economics, UK), Satwinder Singh (Brunel University, UK) and Lucia Piscitello (Politecnico di Milano, Italy).
Key Publications
Buckley, Peter J. and Mark C. Casson (1976) The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan [Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan, 25th Anniversary ed. 2001], 112pp.
Buckley, Peter J. and Mark C.Casson (1985) The Economic Theory of the Multinational Enterprise: Selected Papers, London: Macmillan, xii + 235pp.
Buckley, Peter J. and Mark C.Casson (2009) The Multinational Enterprise Revisited: The Essential Buckley and Casson, Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan, x + 301pp.
Buckley, Peter J. and Mark C.Casson (2009) The internalization theory of the multinational enterprise: A review of the progress of a research agenda after 30 years, Journal of International Business Studies, 40, 1563–80, doi. 10.1057/jibs.2009.49
Cantwell, John A. (1989) Technological Innovation and Multinational Corporations, Oxford: Blackwell, xvi + 239pp.
Dunning, John H. (1977) Trade, location of economic activity and the multinational enterprise: a search for an eclectic approach, in B. Ohlin, P.O. Hesselborn and P.M. Wijkman (eds.) The International Allocation of Economic Activity, London: Macmillan, 395-418.
Dunning, John H. (1981) International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, London: Allen & Unwin, viii + 439pp.
Dunning, John H., Buckley, Peter J. and Mark C. Casson (eds.) ( 1992) Multinational Enterprises in the World Economy : Essays in honour of John Dunning, Aldershot: Edward Elgar xix + 282pp.
Dunning, John H. (2002) Global Capitalism, FDI and Competitiveness : The Selected Essays of John H. Dunning, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, xi + 458pp.
Dunning, John H. and Sarianna M. Lundan (2008) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, 2nd. ed., Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, xxvi + 920pp.
Pearce, Robert D. (1993) The Growth and Evolution of Multinational Enterprise: Patterns of Geographical and Industrial Diversification, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, xi + 176pp.
Rugman, Alan M. (1981) Inside the Multinationals, London: Croom Helm [Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan, 25th Anniversary edition, 2006] xxxi + 164pp.
References
Category:University of Reading
Category:Schools of economic thought
Category:Business models | {
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1917 New Hampshire football team
The 1917 New Hampshire football team was an American football team that represented New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts during the 1917 college football season—the school became the University of New Hampshire in 1923. In its third season under head coach William "Butch" Cowell, the team compiled a 3–2–2 record, while outscoring their opponents by a total of 129 to 53.
The team initially selected Joseph W. Morrill of Grafton, New Hampshire, as team captain. Due to his enlistment in the United States Navy before the start of the season, Charles B. Broderick, who had played high school football in nearby Exeter, New Hampshire, was selected as the new team captain.
Schedule
The game against USS Des Moines is listed as a 13–13 tie by College Football Data Warehouse and the Wildcats' media guide. Two contemporary sources, The New Hampshire college newspaper and The Granite college yearbook, recorded it as a 13–6 win for New Hampshire.
Team captain Charlie Broderick became a high school football coach in Massachusetts, winning 252 games in a 42-year career.
Notes
References
New Hampshire
Category:New Hampshire Wildcats football seasons
New Hampshire Football | {
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Bangkok Protestant Cemetery
The Bangkok Protestant Cemetery is a cemetery catering mainly to the foreign community in Bangkok. To date, the cemetery has over 1800 interments (around 1100 names are legible on extant gravestones), and it is still accepting burials on a limited basis. The burial register is kept by Christ Church Bangkok (11 Convent Road).
There are also a number of Jewish graves here, since before 1997 there was no other place in the city for the small Jewish community to bury their dead. This changed with the opening of the Jewish Cemetery, in a separate property adjacent to this cemetery.
History
The Bangkok Protestant Cemetery was founded by a royal land grant given by King Mongkut on 29 July 1853, to address the need for burial space for Bangkok's growing Protestant community.
Location
The cemetery is located on the banks of the Chao Phraya River just south of the Menam Riverside Hotel, and 1.75 km south of the Saphan Taksin BTS station along Charoen Krung Road. It is very close to the Asiatique night market.
Address: Soi 72/5, Charoen Krung Road, Bangkok
Notable Interments
Dan Beach Bradley - medical doctor and missionary
John Taylor Jones - missionary
Eliza Grew Jones - missionary and wife of J. T. Jones
William Henry Adelbert Feilding - general of the Coldstream Guards
Sir John Bush, Admiral - Harbour Master
Henry Alabaster - advisor to the King of Siam
John Fennell Belbin, Captain of the SS Bangkok, who died at his post, 1876-08-28, aged 34
Albert Jucker, Consul of Italy, (1844-08-26 - 1885-12-03)
Hamilton King, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, (born St Johns, Newfoundland 1852-06-04; d. Bangkok 1912-09-12)
Caroline Isabella Knox Leonowens - daughter-in-law of Anna Leonowens of The King and I fame.
Sungkas Thongborisute M.D. FACS (1932-10-09 - 1999-06-29) - founder of the Paolo Memorial Hospital
Brian Charles Dade, Able Seaman, British Royal Navy, Service Number DJ 952629, of HMS London, died 1965-03-06 aged 25
Friedrich Schaefer, M.D., founder of and surgeon at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, who died from an infection acquired when operating 1914-05-15
Hans Herzfeld, banker and chief accountant with the Bombay Burma Trading Corporation, who died on 9 May 1950 aged 57.
References
Corfield, Justin J., Bangkok: The Protestant Cemetery & Notes on Other Cemeteries in Thailand. Putney: British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia (BACSA), 1997
Notes
External links
Bangkok Protestant Cemetery (Official Website)
Protestant Cemetery Bangkok
Memorial to the early pioneers
Find A Grave
Bangkok Protestant Cemetery official site
Category:Cemeteries in Thailand
Category:Anglican cemeteries in Asia
Category:Lutheran cemeteries
Category:Protestant Reformed cemeteries
Category:Buildings and structures in Bangkok
Category:Buildings and structures on the Chao Phraya River | {
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Manuel Mamba
Manuel N. Mamba (born August 19, 1958) is a Filipino politician and the current provincial governor of Cagayan. A member of the PDP-Laban, he has been elected as a Member of the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representing the 3rd District of Cagayan. First elected in 1995, he was re-elected in 2001, 2004 and 2007. He was also a former Municipal Mayor of Tuao, Cagayan from 1988-1995.
A graduate of the University of Santo Tomas, Mamba is a physician by profession. He used to be the Presidential Legislative Liaison Officer, with Cabinet Rank and a member of the Cabinet. He is currently the Governor of the Province of Cagayan. He is a son of the late Congressman Francisco K. Mamba and Mrs. Estela Novena Mamba. He is married to Attorney Mabel Villarica-Mamba, former Chairperson and CEO of the National Youth Commission.
References
Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:Advisers to the President of the Philippines
Category:Benigno Aquino III Administration cabinet members
Category:Filipino medical doctors
Category:Liberal Party (Philippines) politicians
Category:Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Cagayan
Category:Mayors of places in Cagayan
Category:People from Cagayan
Category:University of Santo Tomas alumni
Category:Governors of Cagayan | {
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1965 Sacramento State Hornets football team
The 1965 Sacramento State Hornets football team represented Sacramento State College during the 1965 NCAA College Division football season.
Sacramento State competed in the Far Western Conference (FWC). The Hornets were led by fifth-year head coach Ray Clemons. They played home games at Charles C. Hughes Stadium in Sacramento, California. The team finished the season with a record of three wins and seven losses (3–7, 1–4 FWC). For the season the team was outscored by its opponents 115–171.
Schedule
Team players in the NFL
No Sacramento State players were selected in the 1966 NFL Draft.
Notes
References
Sacramento State
Category:Sacramento State Hornets football seasons
Sacramento State Hornets f | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Nexus (standard)
Nexus or IEEE-ISTO 5001-2003 is a standard debugging interface for embedded systems.
Features
The IEEE-ISTO 5001-2003 (Nexus) feature set is modeled on today's on-chip debug implementations, most of which are processor-specific. Its goal is to create a rich debug feature set while minimizing the required pin-count and die area, and being both processor- and architecture independent. It also supports multi-core and multi-processor designs. Accordingly, it is comparable to the ARM CoreSight debug architecture.
Physically, IEEE-ISTO 5001-2003 defines a standard set of connectors for connecting the debug tool to the target or system under test. Logically, data is transferred using a packet-based protocol. This protocol can be JTAG (IEEE 1149.1); or, for high-speed systems, an auxiliary port can be used that supports full duplex, higher bandwidth transfers.
Key Nexus functionality involves either JTAG-style request/response interactions, or packets transferred through the debug port, and includes:
Run-time control ... With all implementations, debug tools can start and stop the processor, modify registers, and single-step machine instructions.
Memory access ... Nexus supports memory access while the processor is running. Such access is required when debugging systems where it is not possible to halt the system under test. Examples include Engine Control, where stopping digital feedback loops can create physically dangerous situations.
Breakpoints ... Programs halt when a specified event, a breakpoint, has occurred. The event can be specified as a code execution address, or as a data access (read or write) to an address with a specified value. Nexus breakpoints can be set at any address, including flash or ROM memory; CPUs may also provide special breakpoint instructions.
Several kinds of event tracing are defined, mostly depending on a high speed auxiliary port to offload the voluminous data without negatively impacting program execution:
Program trace ... Branch tracing compresses program execution data, by emitting messages at branch or exception instructions only. Trace analysis reconstructs the program flow using a local image of code memory contents.
Data trace ... Accesses to memory locations may be tracked, as limited by range (start and stop address) and access type (read or write).
Ownership trace ... An operating system (OS, possibly an RTOS) may write a task identifier to a Nexus register when switching tasks, forcing an ownership trace message to be emitted.
Memory substitution and port replacement ... This feature allows memory or port accesses to be emulated over the auxiliary Nexus port.
Data acquisition ... Rapid prototyping may require rapid transfer of large amounts of data via the auxiliary port to the debug tools. It uses a more efficient protocol than that used in data trace. It also helps calibration in automotive applications.
A low-level application programming interface (API) is also allowed for, to mask target specifics such as the host connection mechanism (such as an emulator or Calibration-instrument) and processor specific Nexus register details. This API is produced jointly by the tool and semiconductor vendor.
Compliance classes
IEEE-ISTO 5001-2003 is a scalable standard; there are currently four classes of compliance to the standard, ranging from the basic (JTAG only) Class 1 up to Class 4.
Class 1 supports run-time control (run, stop, memory upload/download when the processor is halted, breakpoints, read or set registers) using the JTAG interface. Communications are half duplex only and bandwidth is limited. Trace is not supported.
Class 2 adds ownership trace and program trace and allows the auxiliary debugging port to be shared with "slow" I/O port pins. Ownership trace allows current task or current process trace for systems based on real-time kernels or operating-systems.
Class 3 adds data write trace and memory read/write on-the-fly without halting execution. Data read/write tracing, sharing of the auxiliary port with high speed I/O ports such as the address/data bus, and support for data acquisition (visibility of related data parameters stored in internal resources, typically related calibration variables) may also be optionally part of Class 3 compliance.
Class 4 adds memory substitution (fetching or reading data over the Nexus auxiliary port) and allows tracing to be triggered by a watchpoint. Triggering memory substitution on a watchpoint is an optional feature of Class 4 compliance.
See also
JTAG
BDM
Further reading
IEEE-ISTO 5001™-1999,The Nexus 5001 Forum™ Standard - providing the Gateway to the Embedded Systems of the Future
IEEE-ISTO 5001-2003, The Nexus 5001 Forum Standard for a Global Embedded Processor Debug Interface
External links
NEXUS 5001 Forum
Nexus 5001 Forum Global Embedded Processor Debug Interface Standard, by William Wong
Multi-core analysis made easy with the Nexus 5001 debug spec, by Dr. Neal Stollon
The NEXUS Debug Standard: Gateway to the Embedded Systems of the Future, by Ashling Microsystems, Inc.
Category:Debugging
Category:IEEE standards
Category:Microcontrollers
Category:Microprocessors | {
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Indonesia–Madagascar relations
Indonesia–Madagascar relations spans for over a millennium, since the ancestors of the people of Madagascar sailed across the Indian Ocean from the Malay Archipelago back in 8th or 9th century AD. Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo, while Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Indonesia. It was announced in December 2017 that Madagascar would be opening an embassy in Jakarta in 2018, however, as of 2019, Madagascar has not yet opened an embassy in the country.
Both countries share the same ethnolinguistic link, in which both national languages and ethnic groups are part of the Austronesian language family and Austronesian peoples, respectively.
History
The historical links between the Malay Archipelago and Madagascar took place during the Srivijaya era. It is suggested that the empire contributes to the population of Madagascar to the south-west. Austronesian peoples' migration to Madagascar is estimated to have happened around 830 AD. According to an extensive new mitochondrial DNA study, native Malagasy people today can likely trace their genetic heritage back to 30 different mothers from Indonesia. Malagasy contains loan words from Sanskrit, all with local linguistic modifications via Javanese or Malay, hint that Madagascar may have been colonized by settlers from the Srivijaya empire. At that time the Srivijayan maritime empire was expanding their maritime trade network.
The trace of linguistic links is evidence in similar words shared between Malagasy language and Indonesian. Some similar words such as hand: ˈtananə (Malagasy), tangan (Malay); skin: ˈhoditra (Malagasy), kulit (Malay); white: ˈfotsy (Malagasy), putih (Malay); island: nosy (Malagasy), nusa (Malay from Sanskrit origin).
Diplomatic relations were officially established in the 1960s. However, it was not until 2009 that Indonesia opened their embassy in Antananarivo, while the Madagascar embassy in Tokyo is also accredited to Indonesia.
In 2003, the Borobudur ship expedition visited Madagascar, sailed from Indonesia on its way to Accra, Ghana. The ship was reconstructed from Borobudur panel, and the reenactment voyage demonstrated ancient trading links between Indonesia and Africa (in particular East Africa and Madagascar). The treacherous Cinnamon shipping route took vessels from Indonesian waters across the Indian Ocean past the Seychelles, Madagascar, and South Africa to Ghana. It is also to demonstrate of how ancient Indonesians sailors and settlers reached Madagascar.
High level visit
On November 2008 Madagascar President Marc Ravalomanana visited Indonesia and met Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. This is his second visit to Indonesia, previously in 2005 Ravalomanana visited Indonesia during Asian-African Conference anniversary in Bandung.
Cooperation
Both countries are interested to improve the cooperation in various sectors, especially agriculture, culture, energy and trade. The close kinship between two nations are fostered further by cultural exchanges, such as Indonesian cultural performances in Madagascar from wayang kulit performance to Indonesian ethnic-based jazz band.
Notes
Madagascar
Category:Bilateral relations of Madagascar | {
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John Bower Lewis
John Bower Lewis, (March 18, 1817 – January 24, 1874) was the second mayor of Bytown in 1848, the first mayor of Ottawa from 1855 to 1857, and a member of the 2nd Canadian Parliament from 1872 to 1873.
He was born in Paris, France in 1817 and came to Canada with his family in 1820. He studied law in Toronto, was admitted to the bar in 1839, and became a Queen's Counsel in 1867.
He was elected to the first council for Bytown in 1847 and became mayor in 1848. After Bytown was renamed to Ottawa in 1854, he became its first mayor. He was police commissioner for the city in 1863. In 1872, he was elected to the House of Commons as a Conservative in the two-member riding of Ottawa City but resigned in 1873 due to the Pacific Scandal.
He died in Ottawa in 1874; he was the city solicitor and was also campaigning for reelection to the House of Commons at the time of his death.
References
External links
Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Category:1817 births
Category:1874 deaths
Category:Mayors of Ottawa
Category:Mayors of Bytown
Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Category:Franco-Ontarian people
Category:Lawyers in Ontario
Category:Canadian Queen's Counsel
Category:Canadian people of Scottish descent
Category:British emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Category:Immigrants to Upper Canada | {
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Ningbo Bird
Ningbo Bird or Bodao (宁波波导股份有限公司) is a Chinese manufacturer of mobile phones. Ningbo Bird was the largest vendor of mobile phones in China from 2003 to 2005.
History
The company was established in 1992 in Fenghua and, in 1997, became China’s largest pager manufacturer. Ningbo Bird started manufacturing mobile phones in 1999. It was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange() the next year. Seeking to expand into international markets, BIRD International was established in Hong Kong in 2003.
In 2009, Ningbo Bird sold its Shanghai-based operations for 60 million yuan, realising a gain of around 37 million yuan. In the same year, the company received a government subsidy of 14 million yuan.
Operations
Ningbo Bird has research and development centres in Chongqing, Hangzhou and Ningbo.
References
Further reading
External links
http://www.chinabird.com/
http://www.nbbird.com/
Category:Privately held companies of China
Category:Mobile phone manufacturers
Category:Chinese brands
Category:Companies based in Ningbo
Category:Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
Category:Companies established in 1992
Category:Telecommunication equipment companies of China | {
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Soccer Slammers
Soccer Slammers is a soccer video game developed and published by Atooi. It was released in June 2018 for the Nintendo Switch prior to the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Gameplay
The game is an arcade-styled soccer video game; unlike the FIFA series of soccer video games, which focus on realism in gameplay and presentation, Soccer Slam features exaggerated and simplified gameplay, similar to NBA Jam's take on basketball.
The game features two versus two gameplay with short, pixelated fictional characters in the art style of Minecraft. The game features local multiplayer with up to four players.
Development
The game was first announced in late January 2018. The game is being developed by Atooi, the company formed by Jools Watsham after the dissolution of his prior co-founded company - Renegade Kid. Watsham described the game as being heavily influenced from NBA Jam. The game made its first appearance at Game Developers Conference in March 2018. The game was initially planned to have video capturing features at releases, but the feature was delayed into plans for a future free downloadable content (DLC) pack after release, due to technical problems outside of the developer's control. The game is scheduled for release prior to the 2018 FIFA World Cup in July. The game was submitted to Nintendo for approval for release on the Nintendo Switch eShop in May 2018.
References
External links
Category:2018 video games
Category:Nintendo Switch games
Category:Nintendo Switch eShop games
Category:Nintendo Switch-only games
Category:Street football video games
Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games
Category:Video games developed in the United States | {
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For Dorian
For Dorian is a Canadian short drama film, directed by Rodrigo Barriuso and released in 2012. The film stars Ron Lea as Oliver Baum, the father of a child with Down syndrome (Dylan Harman) who is struggling to come to terms with his son's sexual awakening as gay.
The film premiered in 2012 at the TIFF Bell Lightbox as part of the Ryerson University Film Festival, the annual festival of short films by Ryerson University film students. Its subsequent screenings included the 2013 Slamdance Film Festival and the 2013 Inside Out Film and Video Festival, where it won the juried award for Best Canadian Film.
It was subsequently included in Boys on Film 11: We Are Animals, the eleventh volume of Peccadillo Pictures' Boys on Film DVDs of gay-themed short films.
References
External links
Category:2012 films
Category:Canadian films
Category:Canadian drama films
Category:Canadian short films
Category:Canadian LGBT-related films
Category:LGBT-related drama films
Category:LGBT-related short films
Category:2010s LGBT-related films
Category:Down syndrome in film | {
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Agnes Nanogak
Agnes Nanogak Goose (12 November 19255 May 2001) was an Inuk artist from Holman (Ulukhaktok), Northwest Territories, Canada.
Life
Nanogak was born on Baillie Island, Northwest Territories, in 1925. Her father, Natkutsiak (Billy Banksland) was from Nome, Alaska, and worked as a harpoonist on whaling boats. He sailed with explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson in his attempt to find the Northwest Passage. Natkutsiak was a skilled story teller, and instilled in Nanogak an appreciation for legends and the tradition of story telling. Nanogak's mother, Topsy Ekiona, came from the Mackenzie Delta region, near Tuktoyaktuk. Ekiona and Natkutsiak married and travelled between Baillie Island and Banks Island, where a trading post afforded them trapping and trading opportunities. Nanogak and her brother, Alec Aliknak Banksland, were born on Baille Island. The family relocated to Sachs Harbour on Banks Island before settling at Holman, on Victoria Island, in 1934, when Nanogak was nine years old. At the time, they were the only family to reside in Holman. In 1943 Nanogak married Wallace Goose from the Tuktoyaktuk, and Kugluktuk (Coppermine) areas. They had seven children.
In 1985 Nanogak received an honorary degree from Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Nanogak is the first Inuit artist to receive an honorary degree from a university.
Nanogak was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2000. After the diagnosis, she describes feeling increased urgency to continue her work, so that she could "help people remember the stories." Nanogak died in Holman in 2001, and in 2002 the Winnipeg Art Gallery held a solo exhibition of her works. Her work has been featured in dozens of exhibitions across Canada, the United States, and Europe. Her artwork can be found in the collections of at least fifteen institutions across Canada and the United States.
Career
Nanogak's father encouraged her to draw from an early age, and she was a part of the first generation of artists to provide drawings for Holman's printmaking program, which starting in the 1960s. Her earliest drawings were completed using graphite pencils, however she opted to use colourful felt-tip pens when they became available to her in 1970. Her artwork is described as fluid, bold in colour, and having "nervous energy". Her early works centred on themes of childhood, drum songs, and Inuit life. Many of these drawings were later translated into prints, and by the end of her career she had contributed approximately one hundred forty images to a total of twenty annual print collections. Nanogak contributed to every print collection by the Holman artists' co-operative since 1967.
Nanogak is famous for her contributions as the illustrator of the children's books Tales from the Igloo (1972), and More Tales from the Igloo (1986), which feature Inuit legends translated into English by Father Maurice Metayer.
Her stories and drawings reflect her father's Alaskan roots and the Mackenzie Delta/Copper Inuit culture of her mother and husband. Both her son and grandson, Billy and Rex Goose, are considered talented graphic artists.
List of works
Metayer, Maurice & Nanogak, Agnes (ill.). Tales From the Igloo. Edmonton, Alberta: Hurtig, 1972.
Nanogak, Agnes. Agnes Nanogak: A Restrospective, 1982-1985. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Canadian Arctic Producers, 1986.
Nanogak, Agnes. More Tales From the Igloo. Edmonton, Alberta: Hurtig, 1986.
Nanogak, Agnes. Agnes Nanogak's Song. Music of the Inuit (Sound Recording): The Copper Eskimo Tradition. Gentilly, France: Auvidis, 1994.
Nanogak, Agnes. Furious Owl. [Reproduction] Inuit Art Quarterly 17.3 (Fall 2002): 10.
Nanogak, Agnes. How Tugulak, the Raven, Stole the Sun. Across Time and Tundra: The Inuvialuit of the Western Arctic. Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003.
Nanogak, Agnes. More Tales From the Igloo (Review). Queen's Quarterly 94.4 (Winter 1987): 1073.
Nanogak, Agnes & Kalvak, Helen et al. Inuit Women Artists. Feminist Studies 10.1 (Spring 1984): 84-96.
References
External links
Videos of Nanogak by the Inuvialuit Communications Society
Category:1925 births
Category:2001 deaths
Category:Inuit artists
Category:Canadian Inuit women
Category:Canadian illustrators
Category:Canadian women illustrators
Category:Inuit illustrators
Category:Artists from the Northwest Territories
Category:Inuvialuit people
Category:20th-century Canadian women artists
Category:Canadian printmakers
Category:Women printmakers
Category:Inuit from the Northwest Territories | {
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List of comics based on films
This is a list of comics based on films. Often a film becomes successful, popular or attains cult status and the franchise produces spin-offs that may include comics. The comics can be direct adaptations of the film, a continuation of the story using the characters, or both.
Comics allow a degree of flexibility which can result in crossovers with other film characters as well as those from comics. In particular, the Aliens and Predator comics have crossed over with The Terminator, Superman, Batman, Judge Dredd and Green Lantern.
There are a number of companies that specialise in licensed properties, including Dark Horse, Titan, Avatar and Dynamite Entertainment. With the bigger series the license can often pass between a number of companies over the history of the title.
Comics
Comics based on films include:
See also
Lists of comics based on media
List of comics based on fiction
List of comics based on television programs
List of comics based on video games
List of comics based on unproduced film projects
Lists of media based on comics
List of films based on comics
List of video games based on comics
List of television programs based on comics
Lists of films based on media
List of films based on short fiction
List of films based on poems
List of films based on comic strips
List of films based on video games
List of films based on television programs
Lists of media based on films
List of television programs based on films
References
Films, comics based on
Comics | {
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John Harvard Library
John Harvard Library is a public lending library on Borough High Street in Southwark, London. The library is home to the Local History Library, as well as a Mouse Tail Coffee Stories cafe.
Namesake
The library bears the name of Southwark clergyman John Harvard (1607–1638), who emigrated to Massachusetts and bequeathed most of his estate, including hundreds of books, to the college now known as Harvard University.
Description
Anyone can join John Harvard Library, regardless of whether they live in Southwark. Library membership allows patrons access to free Wi-Fi, and there are 24 computers with Internet access, all of which are available for public use. There are 38 adult study spaces, and facilities are handicap-accessible. In addition to offering many programs and services for both adults and children, the library hosts discussion groups and free computer classes. Its collection includes books, audiobooks, CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray discs, and PlayStation 3 games.
In early 2010, John Harvard Library converted its collection of more than 30,000 circulating materials to utilize radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology produced by 3M. This company also outfitted several Southwark libraries with 3M SelfCheck systems at the time, giving patrons the option of checking items out themselves without consulting the circulation desk.
References
External links
John Harvard Library, Southwark Council Website
Local History Library, Southwark Council Website
Southwark Libraries on Twitter
Category:Libraries in the London Borough of Southwark
Category:Public libraries in London | {
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Idah Nantaba
Ida Erios Nantaba is a Ugandan politician. She was the State Minister in the Uganda Ministry of Information and Communications Technology. She was appointed to that position on 6 June 2016. Prior to that, from 15 August 2012 until 6 June 2016, she was Minister of State for Lands in the Cabinet of Uganda. Nantaba is also the elected Member of Parliament for Women in Kayunga District Constituency.
Background and education
She was born in Kayunga District on 20 December 1979. Her father had died in 1984 and she was left with her mother who took care of her with support from her elder brother (Samuel Kabenge Bamulumbye) the heir of her father. She attended Ndeeba Primary School in Kayunga District from 1986 to 1992, where she finished her Primary Leaving Examinations. However her mother and elder brother did not have money enough to take her to a very good secondary school so she joined Ndeeba Senior Secondary School for her S1 in 1993. She also moved to stay with the elder brother in Kisoga village, still in Kayunga District. Villagers of Kisoga recall how she used to be carried on a bicycle by a brother (Ivan Wassaaka Paul) to school, about from their home, daily. In 1994, Nantaba's mother acquired some money and Nantaba was moved from Ndeeba SSS to Katikamu SDA SSS where she studied from Senior 2 to Senior 4 (Uganda Certificate of Education). She was after admitted at Mukono Town Academy for her A' Level which she completed in November 1998. On 26 September 1999, Nantaba was admitted to Makerere University, together with the brother who used to ferry her to school, for a bachelor's degree in tourism. She undertook an undergraduate student research project, "Medicinal Plants As Tourism Potential: Case Study of Uganda Wildlife Educational Center (UWEC)", which was supervised by Professor J. B. Nyakaana. Nantaba has a Bachelor of Tourism degree, obtained in 2003 from Makerere University.
Career
2003–2015
In 2003, following her graduation from Makerere, she worked as a tourism officer with Pearl of Africa Tours and Travel Limited. She left that job in late 2003. Beginning in 2005, she served on the board of directors of Jordan Laboratories Limited, a distributor of photographic and printing equipment. In 2010, she joined active elective politics by contesting the Kayunga District Women's Parliamentary Constituency. She won the NRM political party primary by defeating the incumbent, Florence Naiga. In 2011, she was elected during the general election. In a cabinet reshuffle on 15 August 2012, she was appointed as State Minister for Lands, replacing Sarah Opendi Achieng. After weeks of protracted confirmation hearings, the Appointments Committee of Parliament finally confirmed her appointment on 23 October 2012.
2015–present
During the 2016 parliamentary election cycle, Nantaba lost during the primary elections held by the National Resistance Movement (NRM), her political party at the time. She quit the party, citing rigging during the primaries, as she had previously warned. During the national elections held on 18 February 2016, Nantaba, who ran as an independent candidate, polled 86,057 votes against Ruth Nakacwa, who received 13,184 votes. Despite having quit the ruling NRM party, she was appointed as Minister of State for ICT on 6 June 2016.
On 24 March 2019, Nantaba was involved in an incident that led to an innocent person being handcuffed and shot dead by Ugandan police. Nantaba had wrongly thought the man, Ronald Ssebulime, had been following them on his motorcycle in Kayunga District. After a pursuit, Ssebulime was arrested, handcuffed, and shot twice in the chest by an officer. Officials initially tried to cover up the incident, saying they had thwarted an assassination attempt. But after civic outrage, the police released a statement holding the officer responsible.
Other responsibilities
Aidah Nantaba is single. She is of the Seventh-day Adventist faith. She sits in the 10th Parliament (2016–2021) as an Independent. She serves on the following additional committees in parliament:
Committee on Tourism, Trade and Industry
Committee on HIV/AIDS and Related Matters
References
External links
Website of the Parliament of Uganda
Photo of Aidah Nantaba In 2012
Category:Living people
Category:1979 births
Category:Makerere University alumni
Category:Government ministers of Uganda
Category:Ugandan women
Category:Ganda people
Category:Independent politicians in Uganda
Category:People from Kayunga District
Category:Members of the Parliament of Uganda
Category:21st-century women politicians
Category:Women government ministers of Uganda
Category:Women members of the Parliament of Uganda | {
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Mississippi Armed Forces Museum
The Mississippi Armed Forces Museum is located at Camp Shelby, approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The Armed Forces Museum serves as the military history museum for the State of Mississippi. It is a member of the Army Museum System.
Museum objective
The purpose of the museum is to honor the service and sacrifices of Mississippi veterans from all military branches.
Museum description
Two military veterans started the museum in 1984 with their personal collection of war artifacts. At that time, the museum was housed in a small room of a warehouse at Camp Shelby.
In 2001, a facility was completed. The museum contained of exhibits, 17,000 artifacts, 4,500 volumes of military history, and 2,000 historical documents.
In February 2015, the museum was closed for expansion. The expansion increased the museum space by , added three new exhibition galleries, and remodeled older exhibits. The museum was officially reopened by the Governor of Mississippi on October 27, 2016.
Museum exhibits
Within the museum building are eight galleries for viewing exhibits: late 19th century conflicts, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, Desert Storm, Global War on Terrorism, and Medal of Honor. Military weapons, equipment, clothing, and medals are on display.
Outdoor exhibits include aircraft, tanks, field artillery, and memorials.
Gallery
See also
African American Military History Museum
References
External links
Category:Museums in Forrest County, Mississippi
Category:History of Mississippi
Category:Military and war museums in Mississippi
Category:United States Army museums
Category:1984 establishments in Mississippi | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Amour toujours
Amour toujours is the second studio album by Belgian pop singer Lio and her third LP overall.
Singles
Release information and re-issues
The album was originally released by Ariola Records in 1983. It was re-released in France in 2005 as part of Ze Records's reissue of Lio's discography. This re-issue has four bonus tracks, including the extended version of the single "Zip a doo wah" and the standalone Top 50 hit "Tétéou".
Track listing
Personnel
Arranged by – Alain Chamfort (tracks: 15), Bruno Coulais (tracks: 1, 4, 6 to 8), Dan Lacksman (tracks: 9), John Sulznick (tracks: 9), Marc Moulin (tracks: 9, 15), Slim Pezin (tracks: 2, 3, 5, 10)
Artwork by [original art cover design] – Marc Borgers
Engineer – Ryan Ulyate
Mastered by [digitally remastered by] – Charlus de la Salle
Photography – Robert Doisneau
Programmed by [fairlight programming] – John Kongos
Supervised by [reissue co-ordinated & produced by] – Michel Esteban
References
Category:1983 albums
Category:Lio albums
Category:Ariola Records albums
Category:ZE Records albums | {
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Apotactis
Apotactis is a genus of moth in the family Gelechiidae.
Species
Apotactis drimylota Meyrick, 1918
Apotactis citrophila Meyrick, 1933
References
Category:Gelechiinae
Category:Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Category:Moth genera | {
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Chemical Diversity
Chemical Diversity (ChemDiv) is a contract research organization headquartered in San Diego, California, with subsidiaries in Russia and Ukraine. It provides integrated discovery and development solutions to pharmaceutical and biotech companies for their research and development programs. ChemDiv has helped clients develop treatments and drugs for central nervous system, oncology, inflammation, metabolic, infectious and other diseases. Services include identification of a biological target (protein production and assay development) to clinical drug candidates (ADME/DMPK, toxicity and safety studies, and efficacy models) to proof of concept drug candidates (Phase I and II) and to the market.
ChemDiv started in 1990 as a chemistry provider and has since become a full service contract research organization. Among its partners are Eli Lilly, Novartis, Dendreon, Merck KGaA, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, and Bayer.
References
External links
"www.chemdiv.com" Company's website
"eshop.chemistryondemand.com" Company's commercial portal
Category:Companies established in 1990
Category:Companies based in San Diego | {
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City of Camberwell
The City of Camberwell was a local government area about east of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of , and existed from 1914 until 1994.
History
Camberwell was first incorporated as the Boroondara Road District on 11 July 1864, which became the Shire of Boroondara on 17 November 1871. At this point, Camberwell consisted of two small settlements; one near the Camberwell Inn and the other to the east, at Hartwell. Much of the shire's area was under cultivation, with a few sites for fine residences at the northern end.
The shire was renamed to the Shire of Camberwell and Boroondara on 16 May 1905. It became a borough on 28 April 1905, a town on 15 May 1906, and was proclaimed a city on 20 April 1914.
The council's pathway to amalgamation was a little different from most. Following a redevelopment deal for land behind the Burke Road shops, the council reneged on the deal and had over $24 million damages awarded against it. Combined with an investigation which revealed serious governance breaches and other issues, all councillors were sacked and replaced with a commissioner on 22 June 1993. At the same time, a major reform of local government in Victoria was taking place, and the decision was made to merge Camberwell with the Cities of Hawthorn and Kew into the newly created City of Boroondara, which took effect on 22 June 1994.
Council meetings were held at the Camberwell Town Hall, on Camberwell Road, Camberwell. It presently serves as the council seat for the City of Boroondara.
Wards
The City of Camberwell was subdivided into four wards on 22 May 1934:
North East Ward
North West Ward
Centre Ward
South Ward
Each of the four wards elects three councillors. Unlike present day multi-councillor wards, each election was staggered, with only one councillor per ward up for election at a time, and an election every year.
Suburbs
Ashburton
Balwyn
Balwyn North
Camberwell
Canterbury
Glen Iris (shared with the Cities of Malvern and Hawthorn)
Surrey Hills (shared with the City of Box Hill)
Population
* Estimate in the 1958 Victorian Year Book.
Further reading
Camberwell Conservation Study (1991)
References
Camberwell | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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José Cossio
José Cossio (born 4 November 1942) is a Spanish former swimmer. He competed in the men's 400 metre freestyle at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1942 births
Category:Living people
Category:Spanish male swimmers
Category:Olympic swimmers of Spain
Category:Swimmers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Category:Universiade medalists in swimming
Category:Sportspeople from Las Palmas
Category:Universiade bronze medalists for Spain | {
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Annals of Pediatric Surgery
The Annals of Pediatric Surgery is a quarterly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on pediatric surgery. It was established in October 2005 and is the official journal of the Egyptian Pediatric Surgical Association. The editor-in-chief is Essam A. Elhalaby Tanta University).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in Scopus.
References
External links
Online access at African Journals OnLine
Category:Publications established in 2005
Category:Pediatrics journals
Category:Pediatric surgery
Category:Surgery journals
Category:Quarterly journals
Category:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins academic journals | {
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Kitzis
Kitzis, Kitzes (, ) may refer to:
Eyal Kitzis, Israeli actor
Ze'ev Wolf Kitzes, hasidic rabbi
See also
Edward "Eddy" Lawrence Kitsis, an American screenwriter and television producer
Category:Jewish surnames | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Futsal at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics squads
Each team had to name a preliminary squad of 20 players (minimum three must be goalkeepers). From the preliminary squad, the team had to name a final squad of 10 players (minimum two must be goalkeepers) by the FIFA deadline.
FIFA announced the squads on 30 September 2018.
Boys' tournament
Group A
Argentina
Head coach: Matías Lucuix
Egypt
Head coach: Hesham Saleh
Panama
Head coach: Porfirio Rebolledo
Iraq
Head coach: Ali Al-Rubaeey
Slovakia
Head coach: Pavol Michalovic
Group B
Iran
Head coach: Ali Sanei
Solomon Islands
Head coach: Stanley Puairana
Costa Rica
Head coach: Esteban Jiménez
Russia
Head coach: Sergei Skorovich
Brazil
Head coach: Renan da Silva
Girls' tournament
Group C
Trinidad and Tobago
Head coach: Constantine Konstin
Thailand
Head coach: Patt Sriwijit
Spain
Head coach: Claudia Pons
Bolivia
Head coach: Ronald Pacheco
Tonga
Head coach: Manu Tualau
Group D
Chile
Head coach: Vicente de Luise
Portugal
Head coach: Luís Conceição
Dominican Republic
Head coach: Carlos Boccicardi
Cameroon
Head coach: Louis Epee
Japan
Head coach: Kenichiro Kogure
References
squads
Category:Futsal tournament squads | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Suwoncheon
The Suwoncheon in South Korea is a tributary of the Hwanggujicheon, which in turn empties into the Yellow Sea at Asan Bay. Its source is on the slopes of Gwanggyosan on the border between Yongin and Suwon, from where it forms the Gwanggyo Reservoir. It then runs south and through Hwaseong's Hwahongmun to enter the old city of Suwon. It then runs through the centre of the old town and crosses the city walls once again near Paldalmun, crossing through Namsumun, a gate which was destroyed by a flood in 1922 and rebuilt in 2012. The stream has been covered for the rest of its journey through the city centre. On reemerging it then continues in a southerly direction before joining the Hwanggujicheon.
Flora and fauna
Notices alongside the upper reaches of the stream claim that it supports abundant plant life, including irises, alpine forget-me-nots, Commelina communis and 95 species of aquatic plants. The stream is also said to support a variety of animal life, including minnows, pupfish, catfish, Pseudorasbora parva, Chinese mystery snails and Ranatra chinensis.
Gallery
See also
Rivers of Asia
Rivers of Korea
Geography of South Korea
List of Korea-related topics
Category:Rivers of South Korea | {
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Weavertown, Berks County, Pennsylvania
Weavertown is an unincorporated community in Amity Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 3.6 miles north of Amity Gardens on Pennsylvania Route 662 (Old Swede Road) and is served by the Daniel Boone Area School District.
History
It was named after Colonel Jacob Roth Weaver (1751–1831) who commanded the local Pennsylvania Militia and fought the Battle of Brandywine in the Revolutionary War. His father Peter also resided in Amity, Peter was one of the 7 sons of Pioneer Jacob Weaver (Weber) who was a member of the Kocherthal Party who arrived on the shores of the Hudson River, Quassaic Kill, New York in January 1709. In 1725 he migrated to Amity Township with his family. Jacob (1678–1752) and his wife Anna Elisabethe (Parmentier) (1683–1769) are buried in St. Gabriel's Church (formerly known as the Molatton Church). Peter (1715–1779) and Jacob Roth Weaver are buried in St. Paul's Lutheran Church in Amityville. This general area (Oley Valley) was also settled by Daniel Boone's family (see the Daniel Boone Homestead) and the Grandfather of Abraham Lincoln.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Berks County, Pennsylvania
Category:Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Swedish Volunteer Corps (Winter War)
The Swedish Volunteer Corps () during the Winter War numbered 9,640 officers and men. Sweden was officially non-belligerent during the war, so the Corps was used by Finland. The Swedish volunteers were in the front lines in the northern Salla area starting from February 28, 1940. Their losses included 33 dead, 10 missing, 50 wounded, and 130 disabled by frostbite. There were also 25 aircraft that served in the Swedish Voluntary Air Force, F19. Swedish volunteers also defended Turku in an anti-aircraft battery.
By the end of the war, the Volunteer Corps was composed of 8,260 Swedes, plus 725 Norwegians, and 600 Danes. They demonstrated a strong Nordic unity that was symbolized in their "four brother hands" insignia which represented Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.
Commanders
1940: General Ernst Linder
Organization
Swedish Volunteer Corps - Svenska Frivilligkåren
I. stridsgruppen (Lieutenant-Colonel Magnus Dyrssen†, Captain Carl C:son Bonde, Lieutenant-Colonel Carl-Oscar Agell)
1. skyttekompaniet
2. skyttekompaniet
3. skyttekompaniet
4. jägarkompaniet
5. tunga kompaniet
1. batteriet
1. plogplutonen
1. signalplutonen
II. stridsgruppen (Lieutenant-Colonel Viking Tamm)
1. skyttekompaniet
2. skyttekompaniet
3. skyttekompaniet
4. jägarkompaniet
5. tunga kompaniet
2. batteriet
2. plogplutonen
2. signalplutonen
III. stridsgruppen (Lieutenant-Colonel Martin Ekström)
1. skyttekompaniet
2. skyttekompaniet
3. skyttekompaniet
4. jägarkompaniet
5. tunga kompaniet
3. batteriet
3. plogplutonen
3. signalplutonen
Other units:
1. pansarvärnsplutonen
2. pansarvärnsplutonen
Luftvärnskompaniet
Ingenjörkompaniet
16. självständiga jägarkompaniet
(17. självständiga jägarkompaniet)
Intendenturkompaniet
Vägkompaniet
1. bilkompaniet
2. bilkompaniet
Anspannskompaniet
1. sjukvårdsplutonen
2. sjukvårdsplutonen
Hästambulans
Ambulans
F 19
Weapons
7.5 cm Guns M/02
40mm Anti Aircraft Guns M/36
7.5 cm Anti Aircraft guns
20mm Automatic Cannons
3.7 cm Anti Tank guns M/38
8 cm Mortars M/29
13mm Anti Tank Rifles
Vehicles
83 Motorcycles
83 Cars
350 Trucks
13 Tractors
Losses
33 men of the Swedish Volunteer Corps were killed. These were:
See also
Sweden and the Winter War
Swedish Volunteer Battalion
Footnotes
References
External links
Volunteers in the Winter War
Volunteer Swedish aviators in the Winter War
Swedish language site of the Swedish Volunteer organization
Category:Winter War
Category:Volunteers in the Winter War
Category:Military units and formations of Finland in World War II
Category:Military history of Sweden
Category:Military units and formations of Sweden
Category:Expatriate units and formations
Category:Soviet Union–Sweden relations
Category:Corps of Sweden | {
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First Baptist Church of Guilford
First Baptist Church of Guilford, is a historic Baptist Church located at 7504 Oakland Mills Road in the Guilford section of Columbia Maryland.
The church was founded in 1900 with its first building constructed in 1903.
See also
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust
Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church (Annapolis Junction, Maryland)
Brown Chapel United Methodist Church
Daisy United Methodist Church
First Baptist Church of Elkridge
Hopkins United Methodist Church
Locust United Methodist Church
Mt. Moriah Lodge No. 7
Mount Pisgah African Methodist Episcopal Church (Ellicott City, Maryland)
St. Stephens African Methodist Episcopal Church
West Liberty United Methodist Church
References
External links
Category:African-American history of Maryland
Category:Churches in Howard County, Maryland
Category:Churches completed in 1903 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Harry Levin
Harry Tuchman Levin (July 18, 1912 – May 29, 1994) was an American literary critic and scholar of modernism and comparative literature.
Life and career
Levin was born in Minneapolis, the son of Beatrice Hirshler (née Tuchman) and Isadore Henry Levin. His family was Jewish. Levin was educated at Harvard University (where he was a contemporary of M. H. Abrams). According to a biographical memoir by Walter Jackson Bate:
After graduating Summa Cum Laude in 1933 he was appointed Junior fellow in then new Society of Fellows, where he pursued in depth what were to become his three major interests: Shakespeare and the English Renaissance; modern literature generally; and the relation of English and American to other literatures, from Greek and Latin antiquity to the present, all of which are reflected in his early publications, giving him a perspective lacking in the ordinary specialist and scarcely matched in his later years by more than three or four scholars here or abroad. In the 1930s, junior fellows did not normally take a Ph. D., so that Harry, like his noted predecessor, George Lyman Kittrdge, remained an A.B., though he was in time to receive six honorary degrees, including ones from Oxford and the Sorbonne, and though he was, over the years, to supervise over ninety doctoral theses.
Levin began teaching at Harvard in 1939 and that same year he married Elena Zarudnaya. He was named Irving Babbitt Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard in 1960 and retired in 1983. He continued to live near campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until his death in 1994. He was survived by his widow Elena and their daughter Marina.
Levin's course in "Comedy on the Stage" inspired Leonard Lehrman to write the paper, "The Threepenny Cradle," comparing the Brecht-Weill Threepenny Opera to Marc Blitzstein's The Cradle Will Rock. In the fall of 1969, in a production of Cradle directed by Lehrman, Levin was the sole patron. In 1970-1971 he encouraged, advised, and became a patron for two other Harvard productions by Lehrman: the U.S. premiere of Brecht's The Days of the Commune, and a triple-bill in memory of Blitzstein, which was attended by Leonard Bernstein. It was at that production that Levin invited Bernstein to become Norton Lecturer at Harvard, which he did, a year later.
In 1985, the American Comparative Literature Association began awarding the Harry Levin Prize for books on literary history or criticism and in 1997, Harvard University endowed the new chair (position) of Harry Levin Professor of Literature.
Works
The Broken Column (1931), Harvard undergraduate essay published by Cambridge UPBen Jonson, Selected Works (1938) editorJames Joyce: A Critical Introduction (1941)Toward Stendhal (1945)The Portable James Joyce (1947) editorToward Balzac (1947)Perspectives of Criticism (1950) editorThe overreacher, a study of Christopher Marlowe (1952)Symbolism and Fiction (1956)Contexts of Criticism (1957)The Power of Blackness: Hawthorne, Poe, Melville (1958)The Question of Hamlet (1959)Irving Babbitt and the Teaching of Literature (1960) Inaugural LectureThe Scarlet Letter and other Tales of the Puritans by Nathaniel Hawthorne (1961) editorThe Gates of Horn: A Study of Five French Realists (1963)The Comedy of Errors (1965) editorRefractions: Essays in Comparative Literature (1966)The Myth of the Golden Age in the Renaissance (1969)Playboys and Killjoys: An Essay on the Theory and Practice of Comedy'' (1988)
References
External links
At Harvard University:
Guide to the Papers of Harry Levin (with biography)
At the American Comparative Literature Association:
The Harry Levin and René Wellek Prizes (given in alternate years)
Category:1912 births
Category:1994 deaths
Category:American Jews
Category:American literary critics
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:Harvard University faculty
Category:Guggenheim Fellows
Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Şinasi Şahingiray
Şinasi Şahingiray (born 31 July 1905, date of death unknown) was a Turkish sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He was twenty-two years old when he competed, and ranked fourth in the 100 Metre Dash. His personal best time for the 100 Metre Dash was 11.4 seconds.
References
Category:1905 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Category:Turkish male sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Turkey
Category:Place of birth missing | {
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Chalgari
Chalgari or chhalgari is town and union council of Kachhi District in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. It is located at an altitude of 82 metres (272 feet).
References
Category:Populated places in Kachhi District
Category:Union councils of Balochistan, Pakistan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Majdanek, Tomaszów Lubelski County
Majdanek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tomaszów Lubelski, within Tomaszów Lubelski County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Tomaszów Lubelski and south-east of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Category:Villages in Tomaszów Lubelski County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
A Fool's Revenge
A Fool's Revenge is a 1909 American silent short drama film directed by D. W. Griffith. It is based on the Victor Hugo play Le roi s'amuse.
Cast
Owen Moore as The Duke
Charles Inslee as The Fool
Marion Leonard as The Daughter
References
External links
Category:1909 films
Category:1900s short films
Category:1900s drama films
Category:American drama films
Category:American films
Category:American silent short films
Category:Films directed by D. W. Griffith
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:Films based on works by Victor Hugo
Category:Films set in the 16th century
Category:Films set in France | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Canada women's junior national goalball team
Canada women's junior national goalball team is the women's junior national team of Canada. It takes part in international goalball competitions.
IBSA World Youth and Student Games
The 2007 IBSA World Youth and Student Games were held in the United States. The team was one of four teams participating, with the United States finishing first, Germany second, Russia third and Canada fourth.
The 2009 IBSA World Youth and Student Championships were held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States of America. Canada fielded a youth team of:
Ashlie Andrews (Penticton, BC)
Tiana Knight (Calgary, AB)
Stephannie Leach (London, ON)
Angel Lu-Lebel (Vancouver, BC)
Cassie Orgeles (St. Catherines, ON)
Tanya Peterson (Calgary, AB)
Carol Braul, head coach (Calgary, AB)
Cherie Lu, assistant coach (Vancouver, BC)
In 2011, the IBSA World Youth and Student Championships were held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States of America. Canada fielded a youth girls team of:
Ashlie Andrews (Penticton, BC)
Sophie Audet (Montréal, QC)
Sarah Hargraves (Brantford, ON)
Rima Kaddoura (Calgary, AB)
Tiana Knight (Calgary, AB)
Jillian MacSween (Brantford, ON / Halifax, NS)
Janice Dawson, high performance head coach (Calgary, AB)
Natalie Scott, assistant coach (Saskatoon, SK)
Mercedes Louro, physiotherapist (Calgary, AB)
Competitive history
The table below contains individual game results for the team in international matches and competitions.
References
Goalball women's junior
Category:National junior women's goalball teams
Category:Canada at the Paralympics
Category:Goalball in Canada
Goalball | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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John Mullard
John Mullard (born 6 March 1945) is a British rower. He competed in the men's coxed eight event at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1945 births
Category:Living people
Category:British male rowers
Category:Olympic rowers of Great Britain
Category:Rowers at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Oxford | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Elizabeth Bass
Mary Elizabeth Bass (April 5, 1876 – January 26, 1956) was an American physician, educator and suffragist. She was the first of two women to become faculty members at the medical school of Tulane University along with Edith Ballard. Bass worked to promote the efforts of women as physicians. She worked at Tulane for thirty years.
Biography
Bass was born on April 5, 1876 in Marion County, Mississippi and was one of eight children. The family lost their property in the depression and they moved to Lumberton, Mississippi. Bass worked as an assistant teacher and attended Columbia High School, where she graduated in 1893. She also earned teaching certificates in both 1892 and 1896 from normal schools. She worked as a teacher for some time in the public schools of Mississippi and Texas.
Bass' older brother, Charles, persuaded her and her sister, Cora, to become doctors sometime around 1899. However, schools in the southern United States wouldn't admit women into their medical programs at the time, so the sisters went north to attend school. Bass and her sister went to the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania and they graduated in 1904. Charles Bass had a private practice in New Orleans and the sisters began their own private practice in the same city. Because the city hospitals of New Orleans wouldn't admit women physicians, Bass became a founder of a dispensary which would later become the New Orleans Hospital and Dispensary for Women and Children (now the Sara Mayo Hospital) in 1908.
Bass became a member of the Era Club of New Orleans in 1905. The Era Club helped influence the decision to allow women to enroll in Tulane University as medical students in 1914.
In 1911, Bass and another physician, Edith Ballard, became the first women faculty members of the Tulane University school of medicine. By 1913, she became a salaried faculty member as an instructor in the laboratory of clinical medicine. Also in 1913, Bass became the first women elected as an active member of the Orleans Parish Medical Society. In 1915, she joined the Women Physicians of the Southern Medical Association (WPSMA). By 1920, she was a full professor and during her career at Tulane taught pathology, clinical laboratory diagnosis, bacteriology and clinical medicine. She served as president of the Medical Women's National Association in 1921 and 1922. Bass retired from teaching in 1941. After retiring, she became the house physician at the Jung Hotel. She stopped practicing medicine in 1949 and spent time caring for her mother in Lumberton.
Bass was honored the American Medical Women's Association with the Elizabeth Blackwell Centennial Medal Award in 1953. In 1956, Bass died of cancer at the Foundation Hospital in New Orleans and her body was buried in Lumberton.
Legacy
After Bass' death in 1956, friends at Tulane created the Elizabeth Bass Memorial Medical Student Loan Fund.
Bass collected a large body of work by and about women in medicine. She also collected the manuscripts, papers, pictures, letters, press clippings and other ephemera created by women physicians. Bass wrote essays and histories based on her collection which now resides at the Matas Medical Library. The collection itself also "documents the obstacles women had to overcome to become physicians."
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Elizabeth Bass Collection: Women in Medicine
Category:1876 births
Category:1956 deaths
Category:People from Marion County, Mississippi
Category:People from Lumberton, Mississippi
Category:Scientists from New Orleans
Category:American women physicians
Category:Tulane University faculty
Category:Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:American schoolteachers
Category:20th-century American physicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Skip Gilbert
Francis "Skip" Gilbert is a retired U.S. soccer player. He was a two-time NCAA Division I First-Team All-American goalkeeper and played one season in the North American Soccer League. His business career includes roles in executive management, sales and sales management, marketing and event operations. He held these roles with companies such as the United States Tennis Association, USA Triathlon, USA Swimming, US Soccer, the Arena Football League and the Sporting News.
Soccer
Gilbert attended the University of Vermont where he played on the men's soccer team from 1979 to 1982. He was selected as a first team NCAA Division 1 All American goalkeeper in 1982 and 1983. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in economics and political science and was inducted in the Vermont Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993. On August 31, 1983, he played one game for the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the North American Soccer League, losing 5-0 against the Fort Lauderdale Strikers.
He played for the US Olympic Development Team in the 1983 Korea Cup tournament in South Korea.
Sports Executive
After retiring from playing, Gilbert worked in the publishing and sports marketing career fields. He was an account executive at Tennis Magazine, ADWEEK and Ziff-Davis before spending nine years in sales at Sporting News, part of that as the National Sales Manager. On July 24, 1997, he moved to the United States Soccer Federation where he was the Vice President of Sales. In June 1998, he became the Chief Marketing Officer at USA Swimming. In July 2001, Gilbert became the Vice President-Sponsorship Sales for the Arena Football League. In July 2003, he was hired as the New York Sales Manager for Outside Magazine. On March 4, 2005, he became the CEO of USA Triathlon, the U.S. national governing body for the sport. On August 30, 2010 USA Triathlon announced Skip's departure as CEO. After leaving USAT, Gilbert consulted for Times-7 Sport, a New Zealand-based sport timing company. In June 2011, Gilbert was hired as Chief Business Officer at PSA, an events firm in Reston, VA. In July 2012, he joined the United States Tennis Association as Managing Director, Professional Tennis Operations & US Open Tournament Manager.
References
External links
USA Triathlon bio
Interview from US Tennis
Category:1960 births
Category:Living people
Category:All-American men's college soccer players
Category:American soccer players
Category:Association football goalkeepers
Category:North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Category:Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993) players
Category:American sports businesspeople
Category:Vermont Catamounts men's soccer players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alberto Tassotti
Alberto Tassotti (15 June 1918 – 29 June 2008) was an Italian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 18 kilometre event at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
References
Category:1918 births
Category:2008 deaths
Category:Italian male cross-country skiers
Category:Italian male Nordic combined skiers
Category:Olympic cross-country skiers of Italy
Category:Olympic Nordic combined skiers of Italy
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Category:Nordic combined skiers at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Category:People from Paluzza | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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The Lemon of Pink
The Lemon of Pink is the second album by American musical duo The Books, released October 7, 2003, on the Tomlab record label. Like much of The Books' other work, The Lemon of Pink incorporates sampled elements juxtaposed with folk and string instrumentation and other melodic elements, including guest vocals by Anne Doerner on the first track, "The Lemon of Pink."
Reception
Initial critical response to The Lemon of Pink was very positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 86, based on 9 reviews. Daphne Carr of AllMusic wrote that "It isn't often that one finds an American artist with such a mastery of collage technique and a desire to incorporate traditional folk instruments and melodies. Like the Notwist or Badly Drawn Boy, the Books open up territory for relaxed electro-acoustic listening without compromising their creative process." Comparing The Lemon of Pink to its predecessor Thought for Food, Mark Richardson of Pitchfork stated that several tracks on The Lemon of Pink "are even better than their forebears, with more dynamic range and a greater sense of development", and the record as a whole "may sound a bit like this duo's debut, but it also sounds like nobody else."
Alternative Press hailed The Lemon of Pink as "the rare sort of album that convinces you original music still exists". Andy Battaglia of The A.V. Club wrote that while "some of the exposed-seam splicing sounds sloppy and/or twee", The Books "wield a solid musical hand over melodic figures that hint at swooning grandeur without falling prey to florid temptation". The Village Voices Robert Christgau gave the album a three-star honorable mention, indicating "an enjoyable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well treasure", and described it as "ambient musique concrète out of acoustic instruments, fractured song structures, and talky voices". Pitchfork named The Lemon of Pink the second best album of 2003 on their year-end list, as well as placing it at number 20 on their list of the top 100 albums of 2000–2004.
Track listing
"The Lemon of Pink 1" – 4:40
"The Lemon of Pink 2" – 1:34
"Tokyo" – 3:43
"Bonanza" – 0:52
"S Is for Evrysing" – 3:32
"Explanation Mark" – 0:19
"There Is No There" – 3:36
"Take Time" – 3:36
"Don't Even Sing About It" – 4:09
"The Future, Wouldn't That Be Nice?" – 3:15
"A True Story of a Story of True Love" – 4:25
"That Right Ain't Shit" – 2:44
"PS" – 0:55
References
External links
The Books official website, which contains samples of songs on the album
Category:2003 albums
Category:The Books albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Romanați
Romanați may refer to:
Romanați County
Romanați River | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Canton of Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine
The Canton of Châteauneuf-d'Ille-et-Vilaine is a former canton of France, in the Ille-et-Vilaine département, located in the northwest of the department. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.
References
Category:Former cantons of Ille-et-Vilaine
Category:2015 disestablishments in France
Category:States and territories disestablished in 2015 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Reststrahlen effect
The reststrahlen effect (German: “residual rays”) is a reflectance phenomenon in which electromagnetic radiation within a narrow energy band cannot propagate within a given medium due to a change in refractive index concurrent with the specific absorbance band of the medium in question; this narrow energy band is termed the reststrahlen band.
As a result of this inability to propagate, normally incident reststrahlen band radiation experiences strong-reflection or total-reflection from that medium.
The energies at which reststrahlen bands occur vary and are particular to the individual compound.
Numerous physical attributes of a compound will have an effect on the appearance of the reststrahlen band. These include phonon band-gap, particle/grain size, strongly absorbing compounds, compounds with optically opaque bands in the infrared.
Appearance
Reststrahlen bands manifest in diffuse reflectance infrared absorption spectra as complete band reversal, or in infrared emission spectra as a minimum in emissivity.
Application
The reststrahlen effect is used to investigate the properties of semiconductors, it is also used in geophysics and meteorology.
See also
Absorbance
Emissivity
Transmittance
Reflectivity
Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation
References
Elachi, C. et al. (2006) Introduction to the physics and techniques of remote sensing. John Wiley and Sons.
Griffiths, P.R. (1983) Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Science, 222, 297–302.
Goldberg, A. et al. (2003) Detection of buried land mines using a dual-band LWIR/LWIR QWIP focal plane array. Infrared Physics & Technology, 44 (5–6), 427–437.
Anderson, M. S. et al. (2005) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for Mars science. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 76 (3).
Category:Spectroscopy
Category:Infrared technology
Category:Scientific techniques | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet
Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet (20 January 1638 – 8 September 1690) was a Welsh politician.
William was the son of Sir John Glynne, the Lord Chief Justice during the Commonwealth. He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, taking his degree in 1656, and represented Caernarfon in the Third Protectorate Parliament. Both Sir John and his son went over to the cause of Charles II at the Restoration. William was again returned for Caernarfon during the Convention Parliament, and was subsequently created a baronet, of Bisseter, Oxfordshire, on 20 May 1661. He was selected High Sheriff of Oxfordshire for 1668.
In 1666, Sir William inherited the estate of Hawarden Castle, Flintshire from his father, and served as High Sheriff of Flintshire in 1673. He was deputy lieutenant for Oxfordshire from 1688 to his death and for Caernarvonshire from 1689 to his death.
By his wife Penelope Anderson, Glynne had two surviving sons and two daughters. The sons were:
Sir William Glynne, 2nd Baronet (1663–1721)
Sir Stephen Glynne, 3rd Baronet (1665–1729)
References
Category:1638 births
Category:1690 deaths
Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of England
Category:Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for constituencies in Wales
Category:Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
Category:High Sheriffs of Flintshire
Category:High Sheriffs of Oxfordshire
Category:People of the Stuart period
Category:English MPs 1659
Category:English MPs 1660
Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Oxfordshire
Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Caernarvonshire
Category:Members of Parliament for Caernarfon | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Adolf Bäuerle
Adolf Bäuerle (real name Johann Andreas Bäuerle (9 or 10 April 1786 – 20 September 1859) was an Austrian writer, publisher and main representative of the .
Life
Born in Vienna, 1802 Bäuerle made his debut with the novel Sigmund der Stählerne, which, however, was rejected. After his school time in Vienna Bäuerle got a job as a court official.
At the age of eighteen Bäuerle founded the Wiener Theaterzeitung in 1804. Until 1847 it was the most widely circulated newspaper in Austria. Between 1808 and 1828 Bäuerle worked in Vienna as a secretary at the Leopoldstädter Theater and favoured the Volkstheater by virtue of his office. From 1828 he was almost exclusively active in the editorial office of his Theaterzeitung and engaged the witty writer Moritz Gottlieb Saphir.
After the death of his first wife in 1828 he married the actress on 3 May 1829, with whom he already had a relationship for years before.
In 1848 he founded the magazine Die Geißel, which played an important role during the revolutionary year. The resulting difficulties with the authorities led him to create the Volksboten in December 1848. This newspaper later became the Wiener Telegraph.
Since his school days Bäuerle wrote, but it was not until 1852 that he was able to publish his first novel. In his early work the pseudonyms J. H. Fels and Otto Horn dominate. With his literary work Bäuerle founded the Wiener Lokalroman. In 1813 he created the figure of the umbrella maker "Chrysostomus Staberl" in , with which he replaced the Hanswurst and the Kasperl. Together with Josef Alois Gleich and Karl Meisl Bäuerle belonged to the "great three" of the Old Viennese Volkstheater before Ferdinand Raimund.
The legal aftermath of his participation in the March Revolution ruined him financially and also his health. When Bäuerle had to fear for his freedom, he fled to Basel on 17 June 1859 at age 73. There Bäuerle died about a quarter of a year later in the night from 19 to 20 September 1859. In 1869 Bäuerle's remains were exhumed and transferred from Basel to the family crypt at Schloss Erlaa.
Work
Kinder und Narren reden die Wahrheit, 1806
, 1813
Tankred, 1817
, 1819–1821
, Vienna 1820 (Reprint: Munich 1990)
Aline oder Wien in einem anderen Weltteil, 1822
Die Dame mit dem Todtenkopfe, novel, 1855 (Reprint: Munich 1990)
Zahlheim. Ein Wiener Criminal-Roman,1856
Das eingemauerte Mädchen, Vienna 1857 (Reprint: Munich 1990)
Memoiren. First volume. Lechner in Kommission, Vienna 1858 (; no longer published)
Further reading
Constantin von Wurzbach: Bäuerle Adolf in Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
: Die großen Figuren der altwiener Volkskomödie: Hanswurst, Kasperl, Thaddädl und Staberl, Raimund und Nestroy. Bindenschild-Verlag, Vienna 1946
Otto Rommel: Die altwiener Volkskomödie. Schroll, Vienna 1952
Siegfried Diehl: Durch Spaß das Denken vergessen. Zur gesellschaftlichen Wirklichkeit im Theater Adolf Bäuerles. In Jürgen Hein (edit.): Theater und Gesellschaft. Das Volksstück im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Düsseldorf 1973. (Literatur in der Gesellschaft, 12)
Fritz Schobloch: Wiener Theater, Wiener Leben, Wiener Moden in den Bilderfolgen Adolf Bäuerles (1806-1858). Verlag Verband d. wissenschaftl. Ges. Österreichs, Vienna 1974
Anton Mantler: Adolf Bäuerle und das altwiener Volkstheater. Vienna City and State Library, Vienna 1986
External links
Adolf Bäuerle on Wikisource
Werke in der „Criminalbibliothek des 19. Jahrhunderts“
Uwe Harten: OeML|Baeuerle_Adolf Bäuerle, Familie online-edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ; Printed edition: Volume 1, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2002, .
References
Category:19th-century Austrian writers
Category:Opinion journalists
Category:Austrian publishers (people)
Category:1786 births
Category:1859 deaths
Category:Writers from Vienna | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Tel Burga
Tel Burga is an archeological site in the Sharon Plain 1 km east of Binyamina.
Ancient History
Tel Burga was a small fortified site strategically located between larger cities in Canaan during Middle Bronze Age in a position to support growing urban culture. Archaeological surveys on site identified the remains of at least two towers and a wall. Also ceramic remains from various periods, starting with the Chalcolithic; Early, Intermediate and Middle Bronze and Iron Ages. Also Roman and Medieval artifacts were found.
References
Category:Archaeological sites in Israel | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Malaysian University English Test
The Malaysian University English Test (MUET) is a test of English language proficiency, largely for university admissions. The test is set and run by the Malaysian Examinations Council (which also runs the Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia examination). MUET is largely recognised only in Malaysia and Singapore. However, there are still a small number of universities outside of Malaysia and Singapore which recognise MUET.
Most candidates who sit for MUET do so to apply for admissions in public and private universities and colleges. MUET is a prerequisite in applying for admissions into all public universities and colleges in Malaysia. MUET is also accepted for admissions into most universities in Singapore including National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University and Singapore Management University, as well as a few universities outside Malaysia and Singapore such as University of East London, Manchester Metropolitan University, University of Gloucestershire, Robert Gordon University, Upper Iowa University, Nagoya University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and United International College.
The universities set different target band scores for different courses. For instance, most courses in the Malaysian universities set the minimal requirement of a Band 3 in MUET, while students who want to study Medicine, Law, TESL, English Linguistics, and English Literature are required to obtain at least a Band 4. MUET is also compulsory for graduating from a local university. Thus, candidates are advised to take the MUET as soon as possible to avoid delays in their graduation.
Public (government) servants also take MUET for promotion opportunities. For instance, police officers, teachers and administrative staff take MUET as an English qualification.
Candidates usually have to register via their institution, private candidates with their State Education Department, with a registration fee which used to be RM 61, but has now gone up to RM 101. Candidates can register for MUET online via the Malaysian Examinations Council website. Although Malaysian government has decided to abolish government examination fees from 2007 onwards, MUET will remain as a paid test. From the year 2012 onwards, MUET is administered thrice a year, in March, July and November. It is advisable to allocate sufficient time for preparation, to obtain the band score required for university. On average, 85,000 candidates sit for the MUET each time.
Components, Scoring and Grading
There are four components in MUET:
Listening (800/1) - (45 marks)
Speaking (800/2) - (45 marks)
Reading (800/3) - (120 marks)
Writing (800/4) - (90 marks)
The maximum scores for each component is 45 for Listening and Speaking, 120 for Reading Comprehension and 90 for Writing, with an aggregate score of 300. The scores are then graded in six bands, with Band 6 being the highest while Band 1 the lowest.
Locations and test dates
The Malaysian Examinations Council test centres are largely in public secondary schools () that offer Form 6, matriculation colleges, certain universities, as well as certain private and semi-private colleges. The test is run thrice annually, in March, July and November starting from 2012.
Three components - Listening, Reading Comprehension and Writing, are usually tested on the same day - normally the second or the fourth Saturday of the month, with the same paper nationwide. The Speaking component is tested both as an individual task and in groups of up to four, usually with different papers for different groups. When a test centre uses the same question paper for the Speaking component for more than one group, other groups are sequestered until every group has either finished the test or is in the examination room.
See also
Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia
IELTS (International English Language Testing System)
TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)
SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test)
External links
Malaysian Examinations Council
References
Category:Examinations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Geometry Dash
Geometry Dash is a series of five video games developed by Sweden-based developer Robert Topala, and published by his own company, RobTop Games. The principal game, Geometry Dash, is a rhythm-based platforming game which currently has 21 official levels and a game creation system with more than 50 million online levels made by players. Each of the official levels features unique background music. Other features include "map packs", secret vaults, gauntlets, featured levels, levels in the "Hall of Fame", daily levels, weekly demons, quests, creating, scores of players based on stars, creator points, and between friends, and a variety of icons and game modes.
Gameplay
Geometry Dash uses a touchscreen, keyboard, mouse or controller (depending on version) to control different vehicles that react when a player presses anywhere on the touchscreen and can be held down to constantly interact with certain vehicles. Users cannot control the speed at which the icon is moving. The timing and rhythm of the in-game music are key parts of the game, often in relation to each other. The objective of the game is to complete a level by reaching its end. If the player crashes into an obstacle, they will have to start over from the beginning. The player-character can take up to seven separate forms, which behave differently with each interaction. The vehicle the character takes is changed by seven portals, each of which is a different color. The behavior of these modes can be changed further, such as reversing the game view or adding a second player-character.
There are 21 official levels in the full version of Geometry Dash, 18 of which are unlocked from the start. Each level grants rewards upon completion. Each official level has 3 secret coins, which are used to unlock the three locked levels. Levels are classified by difficulty, and each difficulty give a certain number of stars depending on difficulty. Players can play the levels in almost any order. Players can also earn achievements which may be exchanged for rewards. Players may also utilize a shop, where they can spend an in-game currency called "mana orbs", collected through completing levels. Geometry Dash has a practice mode that can be used for any level which allows the player to restart at manually or automatically placed checkpoints instead of the very beginning. A level cannot be officially completed on practice mode, though completion can lead to certain rewards. The paid full version features the ability to upload and download user-created levels. The player must complete their level with all coins in normal mode in order to ensure that it is possible to beat before it can be uploaded. Changes after the verification will render it unverified. The difficulty setting is determined by Robert Topala; the creator of a given level, its players, and moderators capable of sending levels can influence this decision.
Development
According to Robert Topala, the game began as a project that could have moved in any direction. He made the remark, "There was really no detailed plan... it simply started as a template with a cube that could crash and jump". He previously developed it for the computer, but later altered his plan and made attempts to make it a mobile game. Topala was inspired by "The Impossible Game" and he took about four months to create the game and take it to the App Store and Google Play. In the beta version, the game was called "Geometry Jump", but was later changed to "Geometry Dash".
Upon its release, Geometry Dash had just seven levels, which are now currently free to play on the game's free version, alongside six other levels released in later updates in the full version. It soon gained serious popularity around the world, especially Canada, where it achieved the title as the most popular paid iPhone app in June 2014. There are four free versions of the game, one being "Geometry Dash Lite" which currently (as of update 2.2) includes the first 13 levels from the full version.
Soundtrack
The Geometry Dash soundtrack is by several music artists, including ForeverBound, DJVI, Waterflame, DJ-Nate, F-777, Dex Arson, and Morgan David King. In addition to the official songs, usage of most songs on the Newgrounds music portal is also available. Since it is common for users to abuse the portal to upload songs not made by them to use in Geometry Dash, RobTop implemented a manual approval system to prevent this, where he would choose what artists' works are allowed to be used in-game.
Reception
The game has opened to generally positive reviews from critics. Softpedia complimented the game's style and challenge that it brings up, saying, "While it can get a bit frustrating sometimes, you can always complete the stages using the practice mode and then jump into the many different user-generated levels." 148Apps gave the game a positive review, stating, "Geometry Dash provides all of the challenge expected from an “impossible” game while also making it more accessible to newcomers." Geometry Dash has also been listed by the reviewer Chris Morris on the website Common Sense Media by as a child-friendly video game that parent could let their children play on, stating that the game was a "good way to handle frustration", and that "Families can also talk about rhythm and the joy of dancing in time with music". On the App Store, Geometry Dash was ranked second for the app's Top 10 Paid iPad Games and seventh for Top 10 Paid iPhone Games in the year 2018.
Other editions
For Geometry Dash World, Gamezebo praised the game's captivation and decent gameplay styles, though the reviewer noted that it was not the "most interesting game" in existence. Gerson Noboa from AndroidGuys praised the Geometry Dash spin-off, stating that, "Geometry Dash World is a worthy addition to your game arsenal. Thanks to tightly connected graphical and sound elements, the game provides an awesome, integrated experience that is rarely seen in Play Store games".
Spin-offs
Geometry Dash Meltdown
On December 16, 2015, RobTop announced a spin-off game called Geometry Dash Meltdown, which was released on December 19, 2015 for iOS and Android. Currently (as of update 1.0) it includes 3 levels (featuring the songs of F-777) with new icons from version 2.1 made to showcase the 2.0 features to those who do not own the full version. As of December 10, 2019, it is on the Apple Store, but currently not available for the Google Play Store.
Geometry Dash World
On December 21, 2016, RobTop announced the newest spin-off game called Geometry Dash World, saying that he would leave on the same day. Currently (as of update 1.0) includes 2 worlds with 5 levels in each world, new 2.1 icons, a shop, a new vault, daily quests, levels & rewards, and secret chests made to showcase some of the new 2.1 features that were included in the update of the full version.
Geometry Dash SubZero
On December 12, 2017, RobTop announced the newest spin-off game called Geometry Dash SubZero, which was released on December 21, 2017. It consists of three levels. It is currently the latest stand-alone game released by RobTop, and the first to offer some features of update 2.2, including new icons and triggers such as camera controls, which are not yet released on the full and original version of Geometry Dash. The new features can be accessed through hacking into the editor, in which it can be seen that they were not finished at the time of release. Many triggers use the "Color" trigger graphics, and some do not display correctly. As of January 23, 2020, it is available on the Apple Store and the Google Play Store.
References
External links
Category:2013 video games
Category:2014 video games
Category:Video games developed in Sweden
Category:Music video games
Category:Platform games
Category:IOS games
Category:Android (operating system) games
Category:Windows games
Category:Windows Phone games
Category:MacOS games
Category:Steam Workshop games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Samuel Henderson (Indianapolis mayor)
Samuel Henderson (c.1800 –1883) was the first mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana. The first mayoral election was held on April 24, 1847, and Henderson, a member of the Whig Party, took office on May 1. He served a two-year term.
Biography
Henderson was a native of Kentucky and was one of the first settlers of Indianapolis. He was appointed the post master from March 1822 to February 1831. By 1935 he was one of the wealthiest people in the town, owning not only a farm, but also lots within the Mile Square and elsewhere in the state.
When Indianapolis was incorporated as a town in 1832, he was chosen to serve as the first president of the town board of trustees, serving for one year. He became one of the eight directors of the first bank in Indianapolis opened in 1834. The directors arranged large loans to themselves, leaving Henderson and the others in a precarious financial position during the Panic of 1837.
The advent of the railroads in Indiana prompted the town to obtain a city charter from the Indiana legislature in 1847. Henderson was elected as the mayor on April 24, 1847, for a two-year term. However, he became convinced that Indianapolis would become merely a way station on the railroad lines, and after his term as mayor, he sold his real estate holdings at reduced prices and headed for California to join the Gold Rush. He died there in 1883.
References
Citations
Sources
Category:1800 births
Category:1883 deaths
Category:Mayors of Indianapolis
Category:Indiana Whigs
Category:19th-century American politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Koraiyar Falls
Koraiyar Falls (Tamil: கோரையாரு) is one of the waterfalls along the Eastern Ghats, and near Thondamanthurai, Perambalur district, India. It's the source of many small streams which join the Vellar River.
BUS ROUTE : Buses available from Perambalur to Koraiyaru.Koraiyaru is located at the foothills of Pachaimalai.One has to walk through the hills path to reach the koriyaru falls from here.
Category:Waterfalls of Tamil Nadu
Category:Perambalur district | {
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Cortland Street Drawbridge
The Cortland Street Drawbridge (originally known as the Clybourn Place drawbridge) over the Chicago River is the original Chicago-style fixed-trunnion bascule bridge, designed by John Ericson and Edward Wilmann. When it opened in 1902, on Chicago's north side, it was the first such bridge built in the United States. The bridge was a major advance in American movable bridge engineering, and was the prototype for over 50 additional bridges in Chicago alone. The bridge was designated as an ASCE Civil Engineering Landmark in 1981, and a Chicago Landmark in 1991.
Design
This is the bridge type for which Chicago engineers are most well-known. The trunnion bascule has two bridge leaves with pivots on the opposing riverbanks and are raised on large trunnion bearings by large counterweights which offset the weight of the leaves. They take their names from the French word Bascule meaning seesaw and the counterweights. Unlike most of the subsequent bascule bridges of Chicago, the gear rack that moves this bridge is visible above the roadway, on the curved arcs at each end of the superstructure.
History
The bridge was built under the supervision of Mayor Carter Harrison, Jr. and Frederick W. Block, the Commissioner of Public Works.
This is the second bridge built on this site which replaced a swing design which was characterized by a mid-river pier supporting the swing span. The current bridge eliminated the need for the mid-river pier, allowing more room in the shipping channel.
While the machinery of the current bridge is intact, the bridge is no longer operable and the leaves are clamped together.
The bridge was traversed by streetcars of Line 73-Armitage Avenue, in addition to other traffic until February 25, 1951. The following day the bridge was temporarily closed for repairs and the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) substituted buses for streetcars east of the bridge, subsequently abandoning the remainder of the Armitage Avenue streetcar line in June. Electric trolley buses also crossed the bridge, starting on February 1, 1953, when CTA replaced the motor buses on route 73. Trolley buses operated until October 15, 1966, when the agency converted the route to diesel buses.
The Cortland Street Bridge is currently used for two-way vehicle traffic, pedestrian, and bicycle traffic.
References
Category:Bridges in Chicago
Category:Bridges completed in 1902
Category:Bascule bridges in the United States
Category:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks
Category:Landmarks in Chicago
Category:Road bridges in Illinois
Category:Steel bridges in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Eugenics in California
Eugenics in California is a notable part of eugenics in America.
Sterilization law
As an early leading force in the field of eugenics, California became the third state in the United States to enact a sterilization law. By 1921, California had accounted for 80% of the sterilizations nationwide. This continued until World War II, after which the number of sterilizations began to decrease, largely due to the fallout of Hitler's eugenics movement.
There were about 20,000 forced sterilizations in California between 1909 and 1963.
California state agencies and institutions records
Records of eugenics practices in California are held at the following agencies and institutions. The records are still protected for confidentiality reasons.
California State Archives, Sacramento
Sonoma State Hospital Records
Mendocino State Hospital Records
Modesto State Hospital Records
California Youth Authority/Whittier State Home Records
Department of Mental Hygiene Records (incomplete)
Legislative Histories (microfilm)
Patton State Hospital
Patton State Hospital Records
Napa State Hospital
Napa (Fairview) State Hospital Records Stockton State Hospital Records
Dewitt State Hospital Record
Modesto State Hospital Records Camarillo State Hospital Records
General forms of eugenics in California
In California, “[eugenics] was always linked to the use of land: to agriculture and plant hybridization”. Many of the powerful social workers, doctors, psychiatrists, and biologists, sought to hurt many of California's Mexican, Indian, and Asian populations through the exclusionary laws that those scientists proposed. In addition to the conquest to hurt the “undesirables” in the state, the California Eugenics plan also was a way to save the state money so they could eliminate the money the state spends on welfare and other programs that help the less fortunate. Eugenics takes three forms in California:
limiting the number of children for whom a woman on welfare can get state support,
coercing women of color who need a caesarean section, and women dependent on illicit drugs, to surrender reproductive capacities and
forcing contraception use a term of probation. In previous years, California had focused on applying eugenics indirectly to humans as a form of “societal benefit”. Now, the eugenicists of the state only focus their resources to save the state money.
Prominent Californian eugenicists
David Starr Jordan: Founding president of Stanford University and chairman of the American Eugenics Commission, vice-president of the American Society for Social Hygiene, and vice-president of the Eugenics Education Society of London.
Charles Goethe: First chairman of the board of trustees for California State University, Sacramento and founder of the Eugenics Society of Northern California.
Ulysses Sigel Webb: Attorney General of California for 37 years, and enthusiastic promoter of the Californian forced sterilization laws.
Frederick Winslow Hatch: Secretary of the State Lunacy Commission in California, and later became the General Superintendent of State Hospitals.
Ezra Seymour Gosney: Philanthropist to the first California council of the Boy Scouts of America and donated $12,500 to Polytechnic School. He founded the Human Betterment Foundation and under its name authored numerous publications promoting eugenics including, "Sterilization for Human Betterment: A Summary of Results of 6,000 Operations in California, 1909-1929,".
Lewis Terman: Creator of the IQ test, and member of the eugenic group, the Human Betterment Foundation. A middle school in Palo Alto California, Terman Middle School is named after him.
Robert Andrews Millikan: Director of the Norman Bridge Laboratory of Physics at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, California, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics, and member of the Human Betterment Foundation.
Madrigal v. Quilligan
Dolores Madrigal entered the University of Southern California’s medical center on October 12, 1973, in order to give birth to her second child. During her time in labor, she was given a consent form and coerced by doctors into having a tubal ligation, effectively sterilizing her. Madrigal insisted that “No one at the medical center informed me that a tubal ligation operation was going to performed on me. No one at the medical center informed me of what a tubal ligation operation consists nor of its permanent effects” (Enoch, 5). Rebecca M. Kluchin found while researching the case that “Physicians preferred to perform cesarean sections and tubal ligations in tandem to minimize risks associated with infection and anesthesia, as well as to reduce medical costs. It appears that at this hospital physicians who performed emergency cesarean sections sometimes used the opportunity to persuade a woman to accept permanent contraception”.
In July 1976 Madrigal sued the University of Southern California medical center, accompanied by Guadalupe Acosta, Estela Benavides, Consuelo Hermosillo, Georgina Hernandez, Maria Hurtado, Maria Figueroa, Rebecca Figueroa, Jovita Rivera, and Helena Orozco. Each of the nine other women who joined the class action lawsuit complained of similar proceedings. Together, these 10 chicanas decided to sue the USC medical center, contending that they had never given their informed consent to have the tubal ligation procedure performed. Karen Benker testified concerning discussions with then head of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Edward James Quilligan, in which he asserted that “poor minority women in L.A. County were having too many babies; that it was a strain on society; and that it was good that they be sterilized".
Despite Benker's testimony and other corroborating evidence, Judge Jesse Curtis ruled in favor of the defendants, stating that there had been nothing more than “a breakdown in communication between the patients and the doctors” (Stern 1135). He went on to say that it was appropriate for an obstetrician to believe that a tubal ligation could help diminish overpopulation as long as they did not attempt to “overpower the will of his patients”.
Eugenics in California prisons
In 1909 a eugenics law was passed in California allowing for state institutions to sterilize those deemed “unfit” or “feeble-minded”. As one of the leading states in forced sterilization victims, California's sterilization procedures primarily took place in state mental hospitals. Dr. Leo Stanley was one of the first people to bring the eugenics movement to California's prisons.
Stanley was San Quentin penitentiary’s chief surgeon and was particularly interested in eliminating those deemed “unfit” for society. His avid eugenic-based surgeries were the first of its kind to be seen in a prison. Taking place between 1913 and 1941, the peak of the eugenics movement, Stanley's surgeries were driven by the idea of purifying criminals. Through testicular surgeries, he believed he could cultivate socially ‘fit’ individuals by replacing a prisoner's testicles with those of a deceased male previously deemed socially ‘fit’. His practices spawned early ideologies of “white manhood," which stemmed from his belief that he could "help a new, ideal man emerge".
Use of human and even animal testicles made Stanley's procedures highly unsuccessful and all around bizarre. His desire to restore social morality, along with his fascination with the endocrine system, fueled his research. Throughout the time of his procedures, criminals were believed to have something anatomically off that drove them to commit crimes. This belief inspired Stanley to explore the endocrine system's role in the criminology of a person. By persuading inmates that his testicular surgeries would produce favorable results in their sex lives he sterilized more than 600 prisoners by the end of his career. Stanley's prison work concluded upon the start of World War II where he served overseas, only to retire as a eugenic pioneer.
Human Betterment Foundation
The Human Betterment Foundation (HBF) was established in Pasadena, California in 1928. Led by E.S. Gosney it researched with an aim “to foster and aid constructive and educational forces for the protection and betterment of the human family in body, mind, character, and citizenship”. In 1929 E.S. Gosney set up the Human Betterment Foundation and gathered twenty-five of the leading scientists, philanthropists, and community leaders to carry out research on the effects of sterilization for thirteen years (Valone). Gosney also used the HBF to distribute the product of his research, “Sterilization for Human Betterment” which attracted attention from the nearby university, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Robert A. Millikan, a leading faculty member and proponent of Caltech, was looking for potential donors to the university and shared many of Gosney's views in his work decided to join the HBF board.
Lois Gosney Castle and the board of trustees eventually liquidated the foundation and turned the proceeds over to Caltech. Thirteen years after publishing the 1929 report entitled "Sterilization for Human Betterment,” the HBF continued to carry out research on the effects of sterilization and undertook widespread distribution of the report to individuals, public libraries, and schools. After the liquidation files were found in 1968, but since they contained personal medical information, they were legally closed to researchers.
References
Bibliography
Category:Eugenics in the United States
Category:Reproductive rights in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Montana Belle
Montana Belle is a 1952 Trucolor Western film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Jane Russell. It is one of several fictionalized movies about outlaw Belle Starr. The story is set in Oklahoma, where the real Starr was killed. The word "Montana" in the title refers to Starr's decision in the movie to assume a new name and pose as a widow from Montana.
Plot
Oklahoma outlaw Belle Starr meets the Dalton gang when she is rescued from lynching by Bob Dalton, who falls for her. So do gang member Mac and wealthy saloon owner Tom Bradfield, who's enlisted in a bankers' scheme to trap the Daltons. Dissension among the gang and Bradfield's ambivalence complicate the plot, as Belle demonstrates her prowess with shootin' irons, horses, and as a saloon entertainer.
Cast
Jane Russell as Belle Starr
George Brent as Tom Bradfield
Scott Brady as Bob Dalton
Forrest Tucker as Mac
Andy Devine as Pete Bivins
Jack Lambert as Ringo
John Litel as Matt Towner
Ray Teal as Emmett Dalton
Rory Mallinson as Great Dalton
Roy Barcroft as Jim Clark
Ned Davenport as Bank clerk
Dick Elliott as Jeptha Rideout
Gene Roth as Marshall Ripple
Stanley Andrews as Marshall Combs
Production
Shot between late October and late November 1948, this film was intended to be issued by Republic Pictures. In April 1949, Howard Welsch, who had produced the movie for his company, Fidelity Pictures, sold the negative to RKO for $875,000, about $225,000 above the picture's cost. Finally, this Western obtained a Manhattan debut at the Broadway Palace Theatre on November 7, 1952.
References
External links
Category:1952 films
Category:1950s Western (genre) films
Category:American films
Category:American Western (genre) films
Category:Films directed by Allan Dwan
Category:Films scored by Nathan Scott
Category:Trucolor films
Category:Cultural depictions of Belle Starr
Category:RKO Pictures films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Urte
Urte is a female first name occurring mainly in Germany.
Origin and meaning of the name
The origin and meaning of Urte is uncertain, but there are at least six theories:
It comes from Baltic and means handy with a sword
It is a Basque form of Ruth
It is from the Danish word for herbs
It is a modification of Urd
It is a Baltic short form of Dorothea
It is a short form of Ortrud
Given names
Urte Blankenstein (Actress; see :de:Urte Blankenstein and http://imdb.com/name/nm1779155/)
Urte Juodvalkyte (Lithuanian road cyclist)
Urte Kazakeviciute (Lithuania swimmer)
Urte Pautz (Author and academic; see https://www.amazon.ca/s?ie=UTF8&search-type=ss&index=books-ca&field-author=Urte%20Pautz&page=1)
Urte Sejûnaite (Actress; see https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1991570/)
Other instances
Urte is also a common noun in Basque meaning "year":
Urte ilunak (Movie; see https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105705/)
25 Kantu Urte (Album of songs recorded in 1996 by the Basque group Oskorri; see http://www.rambles.net/oskorri_25kantu96.html)
See also
http://www.baby-vornamen.de/Maedchen/U/Ur/Urte/
Category:Given names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
USS Donaldson
USS Donaldson (DE-44) was an of the United States Navy during World War II. She was sent off into the Pacific Ocean to protect convoys and other ships from Japanese submarines and fighter aircraft. She performed escort and anti-submarine operations in dangerous battle areas and sailed home proudly displaying seven battle stars, a very high number for a ship of her type.
She was originally intended for transfer to Great Britain as BDE-44, was launched on 1 August 1943 by Puget Sound Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. J. J. Donaldson, mother of Lieutenant (junior grade) Donaldson; retained by the Navy; and commissioned on 1 December 1943, Lieutenant H. L. Plage, USNR, in command.
World War II Pacific Theatre operations
Donaldson arrived at Pearl Harbor on 9 February 1944 and five days later got underway for the invasion of the Marshall Islands. She screened a convoy to Roi Namur and gave local escort service there and at Eniwetok until returning to Pearl Harbor 25 March. From 23 April to 4 June she trained with submarines, most of the period serving as flagship for Commander, Escort Division 49.
Donaldson departed Pearl Harbor on 12 June 1944 to escort a convoy to Kwajalein, then sailed to Eniwetok where she joined a hunter-killer group with and three other escorts for operations between the Marshalls and Marianas from 5 July to 9 August. Donaldson returned to Pearl Harbor on 15 August and five days later got underway to escort the Western Garrison Force for the assault and occupation of the Palaus, patrolling off Peleliu and Angaur from 20 to 22 September. She escorted unladen transports to Hollandia, New Guinea, then arrived at Manus on 26 September. That evening she and assisted in bringing the fires on the merchantman under control. Returning to Palau on 2 October, Donaldson made anti-submarine patrols and two escort voyages to the Russell Islands until 21 November.
Damaged after surviving a typhoon
Arriving at Ulithi on 21 November 1944 Donaldson reported to the 3rd Fleet for duty as escort for the logistics group supporting the fast carrier task force. By able ship handling she survived the typhoon of 18 December, but lost three men overboard and suffered damage which was repaired at Ulithi from 24 December 1944 to 12 January 1945.
Supporting the Iwo Jima and Okinawa invasions
She returned to duty with the 3rd Fleet fueling group operating in support of the assaults on Iwo Jima and Okinawa and the final strikes on the Japanese homeland and on 31 August she was detached to join a logistics unit in the Yellow Sea for the occupation of Jinsen, Korea.
Post-War decommissioning
Donaldson sailed from Okinawa on 16 September 1945 for Saipan, Pearl Harbor and San Francisco arriving on 8 October. Donaldson was decommissioned on 5 December 1945, and sold on 2 July 1946.
Awards
References
External links
Category:World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Category:Ships built in Washington (state)
Category:1943 ships | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jeff Congdon
Jeffrey D. Congdon (born October 17, 1943) is an American former basketball player from Garden Grove, California.
Career
Congdon played college basketball at Brigham Young University with teammates Dick Nemelka and Craig Raymond. Congdon was selected by the Detroit Pistons in the 4th round (2nd pick, 32nd overall) of the 1966 NBA draft.
A 6'1" guard, Congdon played for the Anaheim Amigos during part of the 1967–68 American Basketball Association season. Congdon played the remainder of that season with the Denver Rockets, and remained with Denver during the 1968–69 and 1969–70 seasons. Congdon spent the 1970–71 seasons with the Utah Stars (who won the 1971 ABA Championship, though he was traded midseason) and New York Nets. Congdon then joined the Dallas Chaparrals to finish out his professional career during the 1971–72 season.
References
External links
Category:1943 births
Category:Living people
Category:American men's basketball players
Category:Anaheim Amigos players
Category:Basketball players from Wisconsin
Category:BYU Cougars men's basketball players
Category:Denver Rockets players
Category:Detroit Pistons draft picks
Category:New York Nets players
Category:People from Walworth County, Wisconsin
Category:Phillips 66ers players
Category:Utah Stars players
Category:Continental Basketball Association coaches
Category:People from Garden Grove, California
Category:Point guards | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Flins-sur-Seine
Flins-sur-Seine is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.
See also
Communes of the Yvelines department
References
INSEE
Category:Communes of Yvelines | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Guillermo Lohmann Villena
Guillermo Lohmann Villena (1915–2005) was a Peruvian diplomat, historian, lawyer, and writer.
He is considered one of the most prolific Peruvian historians and the most important specialist in the colonial era.
He attended the Deutsche Schule Alexander von Humboldt Lima (Colegio Peruano-Alemán Alexander von Humboldt).
References
Category:Peruvian diplomats
Category:Peruvian historians
Category:Peruvian male writers
Category:1915 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:Peruvian people of German descent
Category:Recipients of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Category:20th-century historians
Category:20th-century male writers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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1914 St. Louis Terriers season
The 1914 St. Louis Terriers season was a season in American baseball. The Terriers finished in 8th place in the Federal League, 25 games behind the Indianapolis Hoosiers.
Offseason
Prior to 1914 season: Harry Chapman jumped to the Terriers from the Cincinnati Reds.
Regular season
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Notes
References
1914 St. Louis Terriers at Baseball Reference
Category:St. Louis Terriers seasons
Saint Louis Terriers season
St Louis | {
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Luisa Lynch
Luisa Lynch del Solar (1864–1937), also known as Luisa Lynch de Morla from her first marriage and Luisa Lynch de Gormaz from her second, was a Chilean feminist writer, journalist, and socialite. She was the mother of diplomat , and the writers Ximena and Carmen Morla Lynch. In addition, she is the subject of the 1888 sculpture Madame Morla Vicuña by Auguste Rodin, which can now be found at the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.
Part of her literary output is known to be unpublished or scattered in newspapers and magazines – as is also the case with other feminist writers such as María Luisa Fernández, Sara Hübner de Fresno, and her own daughters. Her literary work is considered to be part of the early 20th century avant-garde that sought to massify feminist thinking and fight for women's rights. In this context, she participated in various women's organizations and institutions dedicated to art.
For some authors, her work can be framed within so-called "aristocratic feminism", along with other writers such as Elvira Santa Cruz Ossa, Inés Echeverría Bello, María Mercedes Vial, Teresa Wilms Montt, Mariana Cox Méndez, and Sofía Eastman.
References
Category:1864 births
Category:1937 deaths
Category:Chilean journalists
Category:Chilean people of Irish descent
Category:Chilean women journalists
Category:Chilean socialites | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Yoan
Yoan is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Yoan Capote (born 1977), Cuban sculptor
Yoan Garneau, Quebec singer, winner of season 2 of La Voix in 2014
Yoan Gouffran (born 1986), French footballer of Guadeloupean descent
Yoan López, baseball player
Yoan Merlo (born 1985) a French professional player of the game Warcraft III
Yoan Moncada, baseball player
Yoan Pablo Hernández (born 1984), Cuban professional boxer
Yoan Tisseyre, rugby league player | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Daniel Gunnarsson
Daniel Gunnarsson (born April 15, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey player. He currently plays for Leksands IF in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). He was selected in the fifth round, 128th overall, by the Minnesota Wild in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.
Playing career
Gunnarsson originally played as a youth and made his professional debut with Leksands IF in the HockeyAllsvenskan during the 2009–10 season.
After two seasons in the Allsvenskan, Gunnarsson left to sign a top tier contract with Luleå HF on 20 April 2011. He made his debut in the Elitserien with Luleå HF during the 2011–12 season.
Career statistics
References
External links
Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Falu IF players
Category:Färjestad BK players
Category:Karlskrona HK players
Category:Leksands IF players
Category:Luleå HF players
Category:Minnesota Wild draft picks
Category:Swedish ice hockey defencemen | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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List of presidents of Romania
The President of Romania serves as the head of state of Romania. The office was created by the Communist leader Nicolae Ceaușescu in 1974 and has developed into its modern form after the Romanian Revolution and the adoption of the 1991 constitution.
The current president of Romania is Klaus Iohannis, who has served since 21 December 2014.
List
Political parties
(PCR)
(FSN)
(PSD)
(PNȚCD)
(PDL)
(PNL)
Socialist Republic of Romania (1965–1989)
Interim State (1989–1990)
Republic of Romania (1990–present)
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
! rowspan="2" |xº
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" |Name(Birth–Death)
! rowspan="2" |Election
! colspan="3" width="30%" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" width="35%" |Political Party
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
!Took office
!Left office
!Time in office
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
! rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white" | 2
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Ion Iliescu(born 1930)
| rowspan="2" |1990
1992
| 20 June 1990
| 29 November 1996
|6 years,
161 days
|National Salvation Front (FSN)
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="4" | <small>The first president to have been freely and democratically elected, Iliescu was an "independent social democrat." He earned a populistic reputation after his handling of the Mineriads miner interventions in Bucharest. Under his first term, the current Constitution of Romania was introduced.</small>
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
! rowspan="2" style="background:; color:black" | 3
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Emil Constantinescu(born 1939)
| rowspan="2" |1996
| 29 November 1996
| 20 December 2000
|4 years,
21 days
|Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD)1
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="4" |Constantinescu was the successful candidate of the right-leaning Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) that won the 1996 general elections, consequently paving the way for the first peaceful transfer of power in post-1989 Romania. During his term as president, Constantinescu struggled with the slow implementation of the modernization and privatization process which was bogged down by excessive bureaucracy.
Nonetheless, the CDR coalition managed to secure three prime ministers who initiated liberalizing economic reforms under Constantinescu's presidency, although the overall progress on a short-term basis was slower than expected.
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
! rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white" | (2)
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Ion Iliescu(born 1930)
| rowspan="2" |2000
| 20 December 2000
| 20 December 2004
|4 years
|Social Democratic Party (PSD)
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="4" |Iliescu was elected to his third non-consecutive term in 2000. In March, 2004, at the end of his last term, Romania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, as part of the second largest wave of expansion in Central and Eastern Europe.
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
! rowspan="2" style="background:; color:white" | 4
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |Traian Băsescu(born 1951)
| rowspan="2" |2004
2009
| 20 December 2004
| 21 December 2014
|10 years,
1 day
|Democratic Liberal Party (PDL)2
| rowspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="4" | Elected with the support of the right-leaning Justice and Truth Alliance (D.A.), Băsescu won the presidency in 2004 on a platform targeting widespread political corruption. During his first term, Romania joined in the European Union. It was also during his first mandate as president that he managed to solve a hostage crisis in Iraq, resulting in the rescue of three Romanian journalists. In spite of the harsh opposition of the left-leaning parties (especially the PSD), he publicly condemned the former Communist regime.
His second term was marked by a landslide victory of the opposition coalition, specifically the Social Liberal Union (USL), in both the local and the legislative elections of 2012, amidst heavy losses for the presidential party (i.e. the Democratic Liberal Party).
Internationally, Băsescu aligned Romania closer to the United States, the European Union, and NATO, maintaining a pro-Western foreign policy throughout both his terms. He was suspended twice, namely in 2007 and 2012. Both impeachment referenda were invalidated by the Constitutional Court on the grounds of low turnout, thus paving his way for a comeback to presidency.
|- bgcolor="#EEEEEE"
! style="background:; color:black" | 5
|
|Klaus Iohannis(born 1959)
|2014
2019
| 21 December 2014
|Incumbent
|
|National Liberal Party (PNL)
|
|}Notes''':
1 Emil Constantinescu was the candidate of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD) whose candidacy was supported as part of the larger right-leaning Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) in both 1992 and 1996;
2 Traian Băsescu was the presidential candidate of the Democratic Party (PD) whose candidacy was supported as part of the larger right-leaning Justice and Truth Alliance (D.A.) in 2004, alongside the National Liberal Party. In 2009 his re-election was supported only by the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) along with a certain faction of the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD).
Acting presidents (1990–present)
<div style="overflow:auto">
See also
Domnitor
King of the Romanians
List of heads of state of Romania
List of presidents of Romania by time in office
Footnotes and references
Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor'', Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2007, pg. 266-267
Romania
*List
*List
Presidents | {
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Renaissance, Lewisham
Renaissance is a mixed-use development designed by Assael Architecture and commissioned by Barratt Homes in Lewisham, Greater London comprising 788 flats in 10 buildings, retail units at ground level, a district heating centre and the Glass Mill leisure centre designed by LA Architects.
History
The development is located to the south of Loampit Vale, on the site of the former 1960s Sundermead Estate. Lewisham Council approved its demolition and redevelopment in 2009.
Development
The scheme has a complementary mix of uses. The residential buildings have Italian-inspired names: Torre Vista, Venice Corte, Sienna Alto, Da Vinci Torre, Rome/Roma Corte, Tuscany Corte, and Paris Corte.
Glass Mill Leisure Centre replaces Ladywell Leisure Centre.
References
Category:Redevelopment projects in London
Category:Geography of the London Borough of Lewisham
External links
www.renaissancese13.co.uk | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Suter Sullivan
Suter Grant Sullivan (October 14, 1872 in Baltimore, Maryland – April 19, 1925 in Baltimore, Maryland) was an infielder in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1899. He played for the St. Louis Browns and Cleveland Spiders.
References
External links
Category:1872 births
Category:1925 deaths
Category:Major League Baseball infielders
Category:St. Louis Browns (NL) players
Category:Cleveland Spiders players
Category:19th-century baseball players
Category:Baseball players from Maryland
Category:Sportspeople from Baltimore
Category:Minor league baseball managers
Category:New Castle Salamanders players
Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Category:Scranton Red Sox players
Category:Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons players
Category:Detroit Tigers (Western League) players
Category:Cleveland Lake Shores players
Category:Providence Clamdiggers (baseball) players
Category:Providence Grays (minor league) players
Category:Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Category:Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Category:Louisville Colonels (minor league) managers | {
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April 2016 North American storm complex
The April 2016 North American storm complex was a major storm system that resulted from an upper-level low in the United States stalling and producing a major snowstorm in the Rocky Mountains, and record-breaking rain in and around Houston, Texas, resulting in severe flooding. There were more than 17 inches of rain in one day in parts of the city, and up to 4 inches of rain per hour that morning at George Bush Intercontinental Airport. It is described as the wettest April in the city on record.
As the most widespread flood event there since Tropical Storm Allison in 2001, it caused a state of emergency to be declared in nine counties.
__TOC__
Meteorological history
In mid-April 2016, a large, slow-moving upper-level low emerged from the Four Corners region in Rocky Mountains over the Central United States. Simultaneously, a ridge became anchored over the Eastern United States with another low to the east, creating an omega block—a stagnant weather pattern. The low near the Rockies pulled large quantities of moisture north from the Gulf of Mexico, leading to both heavy snow in the mountains and widespread heavy rain to the plains. During the overnight hours of April 15–18, a nearly stationary mesoscale convective system developed over the Houston Metropolitan Area. Southeasterly flow from a low level jet fueled the system with ample moisture, leading to widespread rainfall rates of per hour. Rainfall intensified throughout the night into the morning of April 18 with rainfall rates reaching per hour, leading to a life-threatening situation. At 4:39 a.m. CDT, a flash flood emergency was declared for parts of Colorado, Waller, Grimes, Montgomery, Harris, and Austin counties, later expanding to Fort Bend.
Accumulations peaked at along Little Mound Creek at Mathis Road to the northwest of Houston. Other significant totals include along Cypress Creek at Sharp Road, along Langham Creek at Longenbaugh, and in Monaville. George Bush Intercontinental Airport saw , bringing the monthly rainfall total to . This marked the wettest April on record for Houston.
At the same time, the upper low produced a major snowstorm in the Rocky Mountains and High Plains from April 16–17. Due to the omega block, snowfall remained concentrated around the Denver metropolitan areas. Because of this, some snowfall totals ranged up to in some areas. This definitely led to areas coming close to breaking their top-snowiest days in April. A climate study analyzing the 2015 flood in Texas and Oklahoma has found an intensified El Niño effect on the climatologically wet season of spring, and the intensification has a trace of anthropogenic climate warming.
The upper low began to move eastward on April 19, as the omega block began to break down. It was expected to reach the East Coast by April 22, with much less rainfall totals as it began to accelerate.
Impact
The torrential rains resulted in widespread, severe flooding across Houston and surrounding suburbs—the worst since Tropical Storm Allison in 2001. Eight people died in flood-related incidents. In Harris County alone, more than 1,800 high water rescues were conducted; 744 homes and 400 apartments were inundated with water. School districts across the county suspended activities for two days to three days.
References
Category:2016 natural disasters in the United States
Category:2016 floods
Category:2016 in Texas
Category:Floods in Houston
Category:History of Houston
Category:2016 meteorology
Category:April 2016 events in the United States
Category:Natural disasters in Colorado | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Inuyama Castle
is a yamajiro-stye Japanese castle located in the city of Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The castle overlooks the Kiso River, which serves as the border between Aichi and Gifu Prefectures. Inuyama Castle is one of only 12 Japanese castles to remain unreconstructed from the end of the Edo period. The site has been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2018.
Background
Inuyama Castle is located on a hill overlooking the Kiso River in what is now the city of Inuyama. Due to its location next to a river, Inuyama castle is compared to Baidicheng, a castle located on the hill beside the Yangtze river in Chongqing, China. Inuyama Castle is often claimed without any historical justification as the "oldest castle in Japan"; however, Inuyama Castle is one of 12 castles to have retained its Edo period donjon (Tenshukaku) intact. This main tower is small but due to its complex form, it shows different silhouettes depend on the angle. Among the 12 remaining main towers, the donjon at Inuyama Castle is designated as a National Treasure of Japan, as are Matsumoto Castle, Hikone Castle and Himeji Castle.
History
The precise year Inuyama Castle was completed is uncertain. The castle guidebook claims it was completed in 1440. According to the Heian period Engishiki a Shinto shrine, the Haritsuna Shrine was moved to make way for the castle. The structure was rebuilt several times in the Muromachi period and the current configuration was largely the work of Oda Nobuyasu, Oda Nobunaga's uncle in 1537. Although the antiquated architectural style of the watchtower atop the tenshu has in the past led many historians to believe this to be the oldest extant tenshu in Japan, that honor goes to Maruoka Castle, built in 1576. Construction on the current main tenshu (donjon) at Inuyama began in 1601, and continued through 1620.
Inuyama Castle was the final obstacle against Oda Nobunaga's unification of Owari Province. After Nobunaga had defeated the Imagawa clan at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, his cousin, Oda Nobukiyo, seized Inuyama Castle with the support of Saito Yoshitatsu on Mino Province. Nobugana recaptured the castle in 1564. After Nobunaga's death, Toyotomi Hideyoshi appointed Ishikawa Sadakiyo as castellan of Inuyama. Ishikawa rebuilt the defenses of the castle in line with contemporary designs and the current shape of the donjon is a result of this reconstruction. After the Battle of Sekigahara, the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu expelled the Ishikawa clan and turned the castle over to Owari Domain.
Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the castle was governed by the Naruse clan, who ruled as daimyō of Inuyama Domain as vassals of the Owari Tokugawa clan until the Meiji restoration. The new Meiji government seized Inuyama Castle in 1871 and destroyed all of its auxiliary buildings except for the donjon; however, after the castle was damaged in the Great Nōbi earthquake, and it was returned to the Naruse family in 1895, on the condition that they repair and maintain it. The castle was thus unique in Japan in that it was privately owned.
In 2004, ownership of the castle was turned over to a non-profit foundation set up by the Aichi Prefecture's Board of Education.
It was long believed that the donjon of Inuyama Castle was moved to the castle from Kanayama Castle in 1599, until such theory was disproved as a result of examination through a large scale restoration work, involving the dismantling of the donjon, carried out between 1961 and 1965.
Castle Rulers
The castellans of Inuyama Castle are listed below in order with their dates of reign in parentheses. There were no castellans from 1612–1617 and 1869–1895.
Pre-Naruse Clan
Oda Nobuyasu (1537–1547)
Oda Nobuyuki (1547–1564)
Ikeda Nobuteru (1570–1581)
Oda Nobufusa (1581–1582)
Nakagawa Sadanari (1582–1584)
Ikeda Nobuteru (1584)
Katō Yasukage (1584, proxy ruler)
Takeda Kiyotoshi (1584–1587, proxy ruler)
Hijikata Katsuyoshi (1587–1590, proxy ruler)
Nagao Yoshifusa (1590–1592, proxy ruler)
Miwa Gorōemon (1592–1595)
Ishikawa Mitsuyoshi (1595–1600)
Ogasawara Yoshitsugu (1601–1607)
Hiraiwa Chikayoshi (1607–1612)
Naruse Clan
Naruse Masanari (1617–1625)
Naruse Masatora (1625–1659)
Naruse Masachika (1659–1703)
Naruse Masayuki (1703–1732)
Naruse Masamoto (1732–1768)
Naruse Masanori (1768–1809)
Naruse Masanaga (1809–1838)
Naruse Masazumi (1838–1857)
Naruse Masamitsu (1857–1869, 1895–1903)
Naruse Masao (1903–1949)
Naruse Masakatsu (1949–1973)
Naruse Masatoshi (1973–2004)
Related exhibits
Entry fee for the castle is 550 yen. For an additional 50 yen, you can buy combination ticket including Shiro to the machi museum (Inuyama Artifacts Museum), Karakuri tenjikan (からくり展示館 Puppet museum), Dondenkan (Flute museum).
See also
List of National Treasures of Japan (castles)
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Aichi)
References
External links
Inuyama Castle official site
Guide to Japanese Castles
Japan Guide
The Yamasa Institute
Category:Castles in Aichi Prefecture
Category:National Treasures of Japan
Category:Museums in Aichi Prefecture
Category:History of Aichi Prefecture
Category:Owari Province
Category:Inuyama, Aichi | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1996–97 Ekstraklasa
Statistics of Ekstraklasa for the 1996–97 season.
Overview
18 teams and played in the league and the title was won by Widzew Łódź.
League standings
References
Poland - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Category:Ekstraklasa seasons
Category:1996–97 in Polish football
Pol | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Carrie Chapman Catt
Carrie Chapman Catt (January 9, 1859 – March 9, 1947) was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women. She "led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the constitutional amendment giving them the right to vote and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920" and "was one of the best-known women in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and was on all lists of famous American women".
Early life
Catt was born Carrie Clinton Lane in Ripon, Wisconsin, the daughter of Maria Louisa (Clinton) and Lucius Lane. Catt spent her childhood in Charles City, Iowa. She moved to Iowa at the age of seven where she began school. As a child, Catt was interested in science and wanted to become a doctor. After graduating from high school, she enrolled at Iowa State Agricultural College (now Iowa State University) in Ames, Iowa.
Catt's father was initially reluctant to allow her to attend college, but he relented, contributing only a part of the costs. To pay her expenses, Catt worked as a dishwasher, in the school library, and as a teacher at rural schools during school breaks. Catt's freshman class consisted of 27 students, six of whom were female. Catt joined the Crescent Literary Society, a student organization aimed at advancing student learning skills and self-confidence. Although only men were allowed to speak in meetings, Catt defied the rules and spoke up during a male debate. This started a discussion about women's participation in the group, and ultimately led to women gaining the right to speak in meetings. Catt was also a member of Pi Beta Phi, started an all girls' debate club, and advocated for women's participation in military drill.
After four years at Iowa State, Catt graduated on November 10, 1880, with a Bachelor of Science degree, the only female in her graduating class. Iowa State did not name valedictorians during Catt's time there, so there is no way to know her class rank. She worked as a law clerk after graduating, then she became a teacher and then superintendent of schools in Mason City, Iowa, in 1885. She was the first female superintendent of the district.
In February 1885, Catt married newspaper editor Leo Chapman and moved with him to California, but he died in August 1886 of typhoid fever. She remained for a while in San Francisco, where she worked as the city's first female reporter, but she returned to Iowa in 1887. In 1890, she married George Catt, a wealthy engineer and alumnus of Iowa State University. He encouraged her involvement in women's suffrage. Their marriage allowed her to spend a good part of each year on the road campaigning for suffrage, a cause she had become involved with during the late 1880s.
Role in women's suffrage
National American Woman Suffrage Association
In 1887, Catt returned to Charles City, where she had grown up, and became involved in the Iowa Woman Suffrage Association. From 1890 to 1892, Catt served as the Iowa association's state organizer and groups recording secretary. During her time in office, Catt began working nationally for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and was a speaker at its 1890 convention in Washington D.C. In 1892, Susan B. Anthony asked Catt to address Congress on the proposed woman's suffrage amendment.
During her early years in the NAWSA, Catt expressed her unease with the views of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a founder of the women's suffrage movement who tended to be more radical than many of the younger activists.
In 1895, Stanton created a stir by writing The Woman's Bible, a critical examination of the Bible that challenged traditional religious beliefs that women are to be passive and are inferior to men. Many NAWSA members feared that the book would damage the suffrage movement by alienating its more orthodox members. Catt and Susan B. Anthony, the NAWSA's president, met with Stanton prior to its publication to voice their concerns, but Stanton was unmoved.
An intense debate about Stanton's book occurred at the 1896 NAWSA convention after her opponents introduced a resolution declaring that the NAWSA "has no official connection with the so-called Woman's Bible". Catt supported the resolution, along with Anna Howard Shaw, a future president of the organization, and other leading figures. Despite strong opposition from Anthony, who argued that there was no need for such a resolution, it passed by a vote of 54 to 41. Stanton afterwards tried to convince Anthony, her old friend and co-worker, that they should both resign from the NAWSA in protest, but Anthony refused. Stanton did not resign from the organization either.
Catt succeeded Anthony as NAWSA president. She was elected president of NAWSA twice; her first term was from 1900 to 1904 and her second term was from 1915 to 1920. She resigned after her first term to care for her ailing husband. She resumed leadership of NAWSA in 1915, which had become badly divided under the leadership of Anna Howard Shaw. During her later years of leadership she increased the size and influence of the organization. In 1916, at a NAWSA convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Catt unveiled her "Winning Plan", to have senators and representatives from different states support the suffrage amendment. Her campaign's goals were to obtain suffrage on both the state and federal levels, and to compromise for partial suffrage in the states resisting change. Under Catt's leadership, NAWSA won the backing of the U.S. House and Senate, as well as state support for the amendment's ratification. Under Catt's leadership the movement focused on success in at least one eastern state, because previous to 1917 only western states had granted female suffrage. Catt thus led a successful campaign in New York state, which finally approved suffrage in 1917. During that same year President Wilson and the Congress entered World War I. Catt made the controversial decision to support the war effort, which shifted the public's perception in favor of the suffragists who were now perceived as patriotic. The suffrage movement received the support of President Woodrow Wilson in 1918. After endless lobbying by Catt and NAWSA, the suffrage movement culminated in the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution on August 26, 1920.
In her efforts to win women's suffrage state by state, Catt sometimes appealed to the prejudices of the time. In a speech possibly given at the New York State Convention in November 16, 1892, Catt lamented that while women lacked suffrage, "The murderous Sioux is given the right to franchise which he is ready and anxious to sell to the highest bidder." In 1894, Catt urged that uneducated immigrants be stripped of their right to vote – the United States should "cut off the vote of the slums and give it to woman." "White supremacy will be strengthened, not weakened, by women's suffrage," was her argument when trying to win over Mississippi and South Carolina in 1919. This quotation is from a book chapter written by Catt in 1917 in which Catt is responding to anti-suffrage arguments, including that white supremacy would be undermined. She provides population statistics to disprove that claim, but in no way endorses white supremacy. In the same chapter she goes on to say that such objections are "ridiculous" and "all people" should have the right to vote. Although some have alleged in newspaper articles and opinion pieces that this quotation is from speeches Catt gave in the South in 1917, specifically Mississippi and South Carolina, no such speeches have been found and several sources documenting Catt's travel between 1915 and 1920 show that she did not visit those states during this time.
NAWSA was by far the largest organization working for women's suffrage in the U.S. From her first endeavors in Iowa in the 1880s to her last in Tennessee in 1920, Catt supervised dozens of campaigns, mobilized numerous volunteers (1 million by the end), and made hundreds of speeches. After the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Catt retired from NAWSA.
Catt continued her work for women's suffrage even after she retired from her presidency post at NAWSA due to the health problems of her second husband. Carrie became involved in the International Women's Suffrage Alliance subsequence to the death of her husband. Catt founded the League of Women Voters in 1920 encourage women to use their hard-won right in 1920 before the amendment was passed, serving as its honorary president for the rest of her life. In the same year, she ran as the presidential candidate for the ideologically Georgist Commonwealth Land Party. In 1923, with Nettie Rogers Shuler, she published Woman Suffrage and Politics: The Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement.
International women's suffrage movement
Catt was also a leader of the international women's suffrage movement. She helped to found the International Woman Suffrage Alliance (IWSA) in 1902, which eventually incorporated sympathetic associations in 32 nations. She served as its president from 1904 until 1923. After her husband's death in 1905, Catt spent much of the following eight years as IWSA president promoting equal-suffrage rights worldwide. After she retired from NAWSA, she continued to help women around the world to gain the right to vote. The IWSA remains in existence, now as the International Alliance of Women.
Role during the World Wars
Catt was active in anti-war causes during the 1920s and 1930s. Catt resided at Juniper Ledge in the Westchester County, New York community of Briarcliff Manor from 1919 through 1928 when she settled in nearby New Rochelle, New York.
At the beginning of World War I, Catt and fellow suffragist Jane Addams were asked to spearhead an organization that promoted peace. Catt was hesitant to join the peace movement because she believed this to be an issue that men and women should collaborate on. Reluctantly, Catt and Addams called a meeting to gain support from the women's movement. Catt did not want to be the leader of the group because she believed that her support of the peace movement would hurt her international work with suffrage since leadership of the group would mean she was favoring one country over another. From this meeting came the decision that the NAWSA would aid the government by helping women prepare to take over jobs while men were away and would also aid the Red Cross. In addition, the group made it known that women's suffrage would remain their top priority. During 1917, Catt's attention remained strongly focused on women's suffrage, leading her to abandon her work with the peace movement. This led to tension between Catt and other activists.
After the Nineteenth Amendment was passed, granting women the right to vote, Catt returned to the peace movement. Because she did not want to join any existing organization, she and a group of others founded their own organization, the National Committee on the Cause and Cure of War (NCCCW). The group divided the causes of war into four categories: psychological, economic, political, and social and contributory. They did not include the exclusion of women from politics and the public sphere as a cause, even though they believed in equality for women. The organization believed that it was their job as women to end wars because women were seen as morally courageous, in contrast to their male counterparts who were viewed as physically courageous.
During World War II, Catt resigned her role within NCCCW, admitting that the organization did not turn out the way she had planned. The organization had not included all women, only middle-class white women. It did not strengthen the abilities of the members, but simply educated people on international affairs.
In 1933, in response to Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Catt organized the Protest Committee of Non-Jewish Women Against the Persecution of Jews in Germany. The group sent a letter of protest to Hitler in August 1933 signed by 9,000 non-Jewish American women. It decried acts of violence and restrictive laws against German Jews. Catt pressured the U.S. government to ease immigration laws so that Jews could more easily take refuge in America. For her efforts, she became the first woman to receive the American Hebrew Medal. Catt was aware of her reputation - in 1938 she refused to sign a letter in support of leading Hungarian feminists Eugénia Meller and Sarolta Steinberger's request to emigrate to the USA. She noted that she was old and the letter would remain after her death.
The last event she helped organize was the Women's Centennial Congress in New York in 1940, a celebration of the feminist movement in the United States.
Death and legacy
On March 9, 1947, Catt died of a heart attack in her home in New Rochelle, New York. She was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City. alongside her longtime companion, Mary Garrett Hay, a fellow New York state suffragist, with whom she lived for over 20 years.
Catt attained recognition for her work both during and after her lifetime. In 1926, she was featured on the cover of Time magazine and, in 1930, she received the Pictorial Review Award for her international disarmament work. In 1941, Catt received the Chi Omega award at the White House from her longtime friend Eleanor Roosevelt. In 1975, Catt became the first inductee into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame. A stamp was issued in 1948 in remembrance of the Seneca Falls Convention, featuring Catt, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucretia Mott. In 1982, Catt was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. In 1992, the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation named her one of the ten most important women of the century. The same year, Iowa State University established the Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics and in 1992, and the Old Botany building on central campus was renovated and renamed Carrie Chapman Catt Hall in 1995. Catt was played by Anjelica Huston in the 2004 film Iron Jawed Angels. In 2013, she was one of the first four women to be honored on the Iowa Women of Achievement Bridge in Des Moines.
On August 26, 2016 (Women's Equality Day), a monument commissioned by Tennessee Suffrage Monument, Inc. and sculpted by Alan LeQuire was unveiled in Centennial Park in Nashville, featuring depictions of Catt, Anne Dallas Dudley, Abby Crawford Milton, Juno Frankie Pierce, and Sue Shelton White. Catt was posthumously named an honoree to the National Women's History Alliance in 2020.
Some historians, including Elizabeth Gillespie McRae, consider Catt's arguments and her stance on rights for women to be representative of white women only. While fighting a losing battle for women's rights in a Southern state, she once countered the opposition of racist senators by claiming that "White supremacy will be strengthened, not weakened, by women's suffrage", since white women voted at higher rates. This quotation is from a book chapter written by Catt in 1917 in which Catt is responding to anti-suffrage arguments, including that white supremacy would be undermined. She provides population statistics to disprove that claim, but in no way endorses white supremacy. In the same chapter she goes on to say that such objections are "ridiculous" and "all people" should have the right to vote. Although some have alleged in newspaper articles and opinion pieces that this quotation is from speeches Catt gave in the South in 1917, specifically Mississippi and South Carolina, no such speeches have been found and several sources documenting Catt's travel between 1915 and 1920 show that she did not visit those states during this time.
Amidon argues that "For Catt, people of color could be included in, or excluded from, participation in evolutionary narratives of progress depending on a wide range of factors, from ideological standards to local political circumstance." Debra Marquart argues that “Carrie Chapman Catt is not a woman of our time, and therefore, we cannot hold her to the standards of our time.” Catt also made inclusive statements about race: "If any say [we] would put down one class to rise ourselves, they do not know us. The woman’s suffrage movement is not one for women alone; it is for equality of rights and privileges and it knows no difference between black and white."; "Just as the world was is no white man's struggle, but every man's war, so is the struggle for woman suffrage no white woman's struggle, but every woman's struggle."; "If it [government by 'the people'] is expedient, then obviously all the people must be included."; and "There will never be a true democracy until every responsible and law-abiding adult in it, without regard to race, sex, color or creed has his or her own inalienable and unpurchasable voice in government."
Catt's language resulted in a controversy at Iowa State University, the school from which she graduated. On September 22, 1997, an Iowa State student announced he was beginning a hunger strike and would continue the strike until his eight requests were met by the administration. These requests ranged from (1) a large increase in funding to all cultural studies programs targeted at increasing tenured faculty and program curriculum to (8) improving the recruitment and retention of LGBT faculty to create a less hostile environment for LGBT students. Number five on the list was to re-open the naming process of Carrie Chapman Catt Hall. The Ames chapter of the NAACP also objected to the building name.
Personal life
Despite being married twice, Catt did not live with her husband full-time. After the death of George Catt, she lived with Mary "Mollie" Garrett Hay, a suffragist leader from New York. Hay was not a part of the international circle of elites that Catt aligned herself with; however, it was understood that they had a special relationship. Catt requested burial alongside Hay, rather than her first husband. Her second husband's body was donated to science, according to his wishes. When Hay died in 1928, Alda Wilson moved in with Catt and remained as her secretary until Catt's death. Wilson was Catt's companion and eventual estate executor, donating six volumes of photographs and memorabilia from Catt's estate to Bryn Mawr College.
In popular culture
Winter Wheat, a new musical by Cathy Bush about the ratification of the 19th Amendment in Tennessee, premiered at the Barter Theatre in 2016. The original version of the play had a limited run at the Barter in 2014. Carrie Chapman Catt and Mary Garrett Hay are characters in the play. The show also features anti-suffragist Josephine Anderson Pearson and Tennessee state representative Harry T. Burn, who cast the deciding vote for ratification in Tennessee.
Catt was portrayed by Anjelica Huston in the film Iron Jawed Angels.
See also
List of civil rights leaders
List of suffragists and suffragettes
List of women's rights activists
Timeline of women's suffrage
Open Christmas Letter
Women's suffrage organizations
References
Further reading
Fowler, Robert Booth. Carrie Catt: Feminist Politician (1986).
Van Voris, Jacqueline. Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life (1996).
External links
The Carrie Chapman Catt Girlhood Home and Museum
PBS Kids: Women and the Vote
Information from the Library of Congress:
The Carrie Chapman Catt Collection From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress
Carrie Chapman Catt papers, 1887–1947, held by the Manuscripts and Archives Division, New York Public Library
Carrie Chapman Catt Papers, 1880–1958 () is housed at Smith College
Sophia Smith Collection.
American Memory biography of Carrie Chapman Catt
Iowa University Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics
Biography.com page on Catt
Michals, Debra. "Carrie Chapman Catt". National Women's History Museum. 2015.
Category:1859 births
Category:1947 deaths
Category:American suffragists
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Category:History of New Rochelle, New York
Category:People from Ripon, Wisconsin
Category:People from Charles City, Iowa
Category:Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx)
Category:Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:Female United States presidential candidates
Category:Commonwealth Land Party (United States) politicians
Category:People from Mason City, Iowa
Category:Progressive Era in the United States
Category:American temperance activists
Category:American anti-war activists
Category:People from Briarcliff Manor, New York
Category:Activists from New Rochelle, New York
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Myron Kunin
Myron Kunin (September 29, 1928 – October 30, 2013) was an American businessman and art collector. He was the founder of the Regis Corporation. His collection of African art was auctioned by Sotheby's in 2014 for over US$40 million. The vast majority of his collection was 20th centutry American art, much of which is on display at the Minneapolis Institute of Art.
References
Category:1928 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:American people of Russian descent
Category:People from Minneapolis
Category:University of Minnesota alumni
Category:American company founders
Category:Businesspeople from Minnesota
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Mr. Krueger's Christmas
Mr. Krueger's Christmas is a 1980 American Christmas television special produced by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints starring James Stewart, directed by Kieth Merrill with story by Michael H. McLean and featuring the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. It was broadcast on NBC on December 21, 1980.
Synopsis
James Stewart plays Willy Krueger, a widowed apartment janitor who lives in a basement flat with his cat George. On a cold Christmas Eve, he daydreams to escape his lonely life: he muses about being a man of culture and means, an ice dance at Temple Square, a sleigh ride, as well as the conductor of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, and also imagines himself in the stable with Mary, Joseph and the infant Jesus.
Cast
James Stewart as Willy Krueger
Beverly Rowland as Lead Caroller
Kamee Aliessa as Clarissa
Tamara Fowler as Clarissa's mother
Tyson Lewis as Baby Jesus
Gordon Jump as Narrator
Production
Parts of the special were shot in Salt Lake City, Utah.
References
External links
Mr. Kruegers Christmas on YouTube from the Mormon Channel
Category:1980 in Christianity
Category:1980 television films
Category:1980s short films
Category:1980s Christmas films
Category:Christmas television specials
Category:Christmas television films
Category:American short films
Category:American films
Category:NBC television specials
Category:Films directed by Kieth Merrill
Category:Films shot in Salt Lake City
Category:Latter Day Saint films
Category:Mormon Tabernacle Choir | {
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Samandwala railway station
Samandwala railway station
() is located in Pakistan.
See also
List of railway stations in Pakistan
Pakistan Railways
References
External links
Official Web Site of Pakistan Railways
Category:Railway stations in Pakistan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Assadollah Hosseinpoor
Assadollah Hosseinpour () was born in 1882 or 1883 in Tehran, Iran. He was one of Ahad Agha Shirvani's three sons, and grandson of Moustafa Khan Shirvani, governor of the Shirvan Khanate), a descendant of the Shirvan Shah who fought against Shah Esmaeil from the Persian Safavid dynasty. Following the defeat of the Shirvan Shah, the Khanate of Shirvan was annexed to Persia, but Mustafa Khan retained the governorship of Shirvan.
Hosseinpour's grandfather Mustafa Khan was a powerful landowner and a senior military commander in Shirvan. He married a Georgian princess while the khanates of Shirvan and Georgia were both parts of Persia. Georgia, Shirvan and 15 other provinces or territories were later annexed to Russia, after three Russo-Persian wars, during the Qajar dynasty, upon which the commanders of their armies, refusing to serve under the new Russian leadership, left their command posts and immigrated with their families to Persia, remaining loyal to the Shah of Persia.
Military career
Hosseinpour graduated in 1910 from the Academy of the Persian Cossack Brigade, as one of its fourth graduating class. He was a classmate of the future General Fazllollah Zahedi (who became Prime Minister under Shah Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1953) and Colonel Mehdi Gholi Tajbakhsh. On graduation from the Academy, he performed his military duties under Rouhoullah Mirza for about two years and was then appointed Commander to the armies of the Iranian provinces of Azerbaijan and Kurdistan. He was later transferred to the Cavalry Division of the Persian Cossack Army and took part in the World War I, during which he held a rank of lieutenant. At the end of the war he was promoted to major.
Along with a number of other Cossack commanders, Hosseinpour was a founding member of the new Imperial Iranian Armed Forces during the reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi. He headed the Cavalry Division in the February 21, 1921, coup headed by Reza Shah. He was one of a number of officers who reached and secured Tehran. Tehran was completely surrounded by a huge canal for protection against potential military invasion and robbers. A tall wall also encircled the city, with twelve huge metal gates that were locked at night and protected by military guards. The military force headed by the coup officers left Karaj, a town about 40 km from Tehran, and arrived at the Ghazvin Gate (close to the present Mehrabad International Airport). When Hosseinpour reached the gate, he told the military officers guarding it that all the other gates had already been taken and that it was in their best interests to surrender.
The guards surrendered and opened the gate, and the army entered the city without any bloodshed and secured the capital. A few days later, Hossienpour was promoted to colonel and appointed (with the co-operation of a few other top military commanders) to convert and create the modern Imperial Iranian Army Ground Forces, as head of the Cavalry Division based at the Abbas Abad military headquarters.
A military medal called Sevoum Hoot, or Sevvoum Esfand, was awarded to the participating commanders and officers around 1928.
Hosseinpour retired from the Imperial Iranian Army at the age of around 60 and spent the rest of his life monitoring the affairs of his villages and estates and engaging in philanthropic activities.
Command Posts
During his military career, Hosseinpour held the following military commands:
Commander of the Cavalry Division;
Commander of the Army of the Azerbaijan Province;
Commander of the Army of the Kerman Province;
Commander of the Army of the Kurdistan Province;
Head of the Imperial Iranian Army Juridical Tribunal;
Chief Military Advisor to the Imperial Iranian Ground Forces.
Military Medals
Hosseinpour was awarded military medals including:
Coup of the Sevvoum Esfand Medal;
Sepah Medal;
Zoulfaghar Medal.
Personal life
Hosseinpoor's father lost his parents and brother at a young age and inherited all the wealth and estates of the family. The Iranian government granted the ownership of a number of estates, farms, parcels of land, and villages to him and a few other top commanders in compensation for their fathers' financial losses incurred when they immigrated to Persia. Hosseinpoor's family received numerous villages, farms, estates, large parcels of land and houses, which Assadollah eventually inherited.
Hosseinpour's grandfather was Amir Hossein, a high ranking commander of Shirvan and a close colleague and friend of Pasha Khan Pashai. He fought alongside Colonel Pasha Khan against the Russian Army in the war of 1863. Pasha Khan devoted a lot of effort to develop a farm named Koushk-e Mir Hossein, which was named after either Hosseinpour's grandfather or his own grandfather. Amir Hossein married the daughter of one of the landlords of Saraband territory in the town of Arak, Iran, all of whose wealth (villages and large parcels of land) was inherited by Hosseinpour as well.
Hosseinpour lost his mother at the age of 12. His sister was married to Abdoullah Mostoufi, governor of Arak, but she too died at a young age. Hosseinpour's father's uncle (Pashai), persuaded him to join the Persian Cossack Brigade Academy.
At the age of 20, Hosseinpour inherited from his father and came into an aristocrat's life. While a student at the Persian Cossack Brigade Academy, he frequently visited the Pashai's house to call on his cousins. Pashai's wife once said that in 1906, when Hossseinpour visited them, he was still a student at the Academy.
Hosseinpour married Badieh Khanum Monadjemi, an adherent of the Bahá’í Faith. Their first child was a daughter named Fakhralzaman Khanum and their second, born a few years later, a son named Amir Houshang, who died while still a child.
Badieh Khanum died of breast cancer a few years later, and Hosseinpour married her sister, Monireh Khanum. They had three daughters (Tourandokht, Pourandokht, and Victoria) and two sons (Abdolreza and Tooraj. Abdolreza's son, Amir Hosseinpour became an opera director and choreographer based in London). Monireh Khanum died in her sleep at the age of 48, and four years later, in 1954, Hosseinpour died of a heart attack in Iran. He was buried in Tehran's Bahá’í cemetery (Golestaneh Javid), which was destroyed by Islamic mobs after the Iranian political unrest of 1979 in Iran.
References
External links
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Category:1882 births
Category:1954 deaths | {
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Danie Brits
Danie Brits is a retired South African professional wrestler and former South African Heavyweight Champion, known for his work in many of South Africa's major promotions in the past and for his 1980s stint as The Masked Tornado.
Career
Early career
Danie Brits was an accomplished amateur wrestler and judoka before entering professional wrestling. Prior to the 1990s, doing professional wrestling and amateur wrestling at the same time in South Africa was forbidden. Due to his devotion to both sports and being one of the top amateur wrestling competitors in the country, Brits wrestled under a mask upon his professional wrestling debut in 1983, going by the names Tornado and The Masked Tornado.
Bronco Universal Promotions/Interworld Wrestling Promotions (1983–92)
Danie Brits made his ring debut in 1983 for Bronco Universal Promotions which was operated by legendary promoter Bull Hefer. On 28 November 1987, Danie Brits challenged unsuccessfully for the World Middleweight Title against Gama Singh. On 21 September 1989, Danie Brits teamed up with Danie Voges for the first time in over three years to take on Munro and Big Ox Baker at the Portuguese Hall for Interworld Wrestling Promotions. He won the South African Heavyweight Title from Danie Voges in June 1990, becoming the sixth champion in the title's history. Just prior to winning the championship he unmasked and started using his real name. The Tornado mask and gimmick was passed on to Steve Debbes, who became Tornado II.
All Stars Wrestling/International Wrestling Federation (1993–2004)
On 12 April 1993, he defeated Gama Singh. On 21 May 1994, Danie Brits teamed up with Giant Warrior who was his arch-rival at the time to defeat Gama Singh and Danie Voges in a tag team match. On 22 July 1994, Danie Brits teamed up with Danie Voges, losing to the American Wrecking Crew of Robbie Rage and Mike Fury at the Sun City Superbowl in an inter-promotional supercard. In September, 1995, Danie Brits received an injury to the eye after having an object thrown at him by a spectator in his All Stars Wrestling match with Giant Warrior, after which he was forced to have a major operation. On 20 September 1996, Danie Brits wrestled the American Man Mountain Rock at an All Stars Wrestling show promoted by Paul Lloyd, father of WWE star Justin Gabriel. On 29 November 1997, Danie Brits took on and lost to Rage at the famed Orient Theatre in East London. On 30 March 1999, Danie Brits faced Gama Singh at the Orient Theatre in what would be their very last encounter.
World Wrestling Professionals (2004–07)
In 2004, he joined World Wrestling Professionals and was billed Danie "The Legend" Brits. He took part in the first and second seasons of WWP Thunderstrike, which was airing on national television in South Africa. He teamed up with his nephew Ananzi and won the WWP Tag Team World Title. During a house show in Durban they caused a legitimate riot and were forced out of the building by police escort. Danie Brits failed to show up at one of the second season tapings due to illness and was thus relieved of his title status. In 2007, Danie Brits retired after a 20-year career in professional wrestling.
Personal life
Danie Brits is the uncle of World Wrestling Professionals wrestler Ananzi and is the half-brother of former tag team partner and rival Danie Voges.
In July 2009, he was honoured at an African Punishment Wrestling Association event at Danie van Zyl Recreation Centre for his achievements in South African professional wrestling. He donated the original Tornado mask to the promotion's academy.
Championships and accomplishments
All Stars Wrestling/International Wrestling Federation
IWF Heavyweight Title
IWF Tag Team Titles (w/ Danie Voges)
Bronco Universal Promotions
South African Heavyweight Title
Universal Wrestling Federation
UWF South African Heavyweight Title
UWF Middleweight Title
World Confederation of Wrestling
WCA World Title
World Wrestling Professionals
WWP Tag Team World Title (w/ Ananzi)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #302 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in 1994
References
Category:South African male professional wrestlers
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Eric Janszen
Eric Janzen is an economic commentator and former venture capitalist. He founded the financial advisory company iTulip.
Janszen wrote an analysis of economic bubbles in a 2008 Harper's Magazine article speculated that a future alternative energy bubble might appear and then burst in the mid-2010s. Janszen has served as president and CEO of RF control technology company AutoCell Laboratories, Inc., entrepreneur in residence at Trident Capital, president and CEO of Bluesocket, Inc., and managing director of seed stage investment firm Osborn Capital. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Resource Economics ('04) from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Peak Cheap Oil
Eric Janszen coined the phrase Peak Cheap Oil in 2006. The phrase refers to the idea that relatively low-cost (below $50/bbl) oil production has already peaked and entered decline. The key concept is that while overall global production might continue to grow as a result of exotic non-conventional production technologies, conventional production has already peaked, and therefore the era of relatively inexpensive oil production has ended. Peak Cheap Oil proponents argue that for the purpose of economic analysis, the question of whether global production has peaked or not is almost irrelevant. Declining conventional production can only be replaced by far more expensive non-conventional production, meaning that oil prices are unlikely to ever return to their historic price range of $20 to $40/bbl. Many non-conventional oil production projects involve marginal extraction costs in excess of $70/bbl, leading some analysts to conclude that a new "price floor" has been created at this level. Proponents of the Peak Cheap Oil thesis therefore contend that the adverse effects of Peak Oil on the global economy are likely to occur before the actual point of peak production from all sources is reached.
Books
References
External links
www.iTulip.com
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century American economists
Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Stay the course
"Stay the course" is a phrase used in the context of a war or battle meaning to pursue a goal regardless of any obstacles or criticism. The modern usage of this term was popularized by United States presidents George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, and Ronald Reagan.
History
Origins
Similar to "cut and run", a pejorative phrase used to describe cowardly withdrawal from battle, "stay the course" allegedly originated as a nautical metaphor on maintaining a constant, unaltering course while navigating. For instance, in a 2003 column, William Safire asked his readers what they knew of its origins, saying it "appears to be rooted in a nautical metaphor." In this context 'stay' refers to the ropes or guys and sheets that hold the 'course' (mainsail) in a fixed position appropriate to the heading. Citations from the late 19th century, however, show the phrase describing horses having the stamina to remain on the course of a racetrack. Safire found the same, writing that the earliest such use found was for an 1873 rowing competition. Safire's correspondent, lexicographer Benjamin Zimmer, pointed out that before that, "citations for 'stay the course' invariably have the countervailing sense of 'to stop or check the course (of something).'" Elizabethan playwright Christopher Marlowe used it in that sense in The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus in 1588.
The phrase has had fitful use in American politics. It was used by several figures during the Vietnam War, including Gen. William Westmoreland, who wrote in his 1976 autobiography A Soldier Reports that "a lack of determination to stay the course...demonstrated in Cambodia, South Vietnam, and Laos that the alternative to victory was defeat." It had been invoked during wartime by President Lyndon Johnson in a 1967 speech and by Johnson's Undersecretary of the Air Force Townsend Hoopes.
The phrase gained a central place in rhetoric due to the publication by journalist Stewart Alsop in his 1973 memoirs of a conversation with Winston Churchill. Alsop related that the British Prime Minister had pondered at the close of World War II, "America, it is a great and strong country, like a workhorse pulling the rest of the world out of despond and despair. But will it stay the course?" The anecdote became a favorite of Democratic hawk Sen. Henry Jackson, and was retold by Secretary of Defense William Cohen more than once during his tenure.
"Stay the course" was later popularized by Ronald Reagan while campaigning for Republicans during the 1982 mid-term elections, arguing against changes in his economic policies. According to the Washington Post, Reagan used the "stay the course" phrase while on a ten-day political campaign through fourteen states, and it was included in his 1982 budget message, where he sought to allay fears that his policies were causing a recession. He continued using it as a slogan through the November election.
His Vice-President, George H.W. Bush, would later pick up the phrase as an argument for his election as President, both during the primaries and general campaign. His over-use of the phrase was parodied in a Saturday Night Live sketch.
George W. Bush
The phrase was first used by Bush II in July 2003 while in Gaborone, Botswana, after a meeting with President Festus Gontebanye Mogae to discuss the War on Terrorism. Bush, along with Vice President Dick Cheney and White House Press Secretary Scott McClellan, continually used the term afterwards to describe the Iraq War, stressing that the freedoms of the Iraqi people were at stake and that al-Qaeda would "use Iraq as an example of defeating freedom and democracy" if the United States were to withdraw.
However, the phrase was eventually dropped by Bush two weeks before the 2006 U.S. midterm elections, due to continual pressure to change his Iraq War strategy. Tony Snow has stated that this only meant that the United States needed to adjust its strategy in Iraq, and that it was not a sign of any major changes in policy. On the other hand, in an interview with George Stephanopoulos of ABC News's This Week, Bush stated that "we've never been stay the course", in response to a question asking him about his thoughts on James Baker’s comments that the strategy in Iraq should be "between 'stay the course' and 'cut and run'."
Popular culture
The phrase has been repeatedly parodied by political cartoonists, ranging from animator Mark Fiore to Chip Bok of the Akron Beacon Journal. It has also been parodied by numerous television shows, such as The Colbert Report and Saturday Night Live. The phrase was also used in Pixar's movie WALL-E (2008) in a message to Axiom from the CEO of Earth, and is a recurring phrase in the 2000 film The Patriot (2000). In music, Epica's song "Stay The Course" (from Requiem for the Indifferent) is a criticism of this policy and of the popular culture surrounding its use.
References
Category:American political catchphrases
Category:Political terminology of the United States
Category:English phrases | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Compelled speech
Compelled speech is a transmission of expression required by law. A related legal concept is protected speech. Just as freedom of speech protects free expression, in many cases it similarly protects an individual from being required to utter or otherwise express a thought with which they disagree.
Canada
University of Toronto psychology professor and clinical psychologist Jordan Peterson has used the term "compelled speech" to describe Canadian federal government's Bill C-16, which added "gender identity or expression" as a prohibited ground of discrimination under the Canadian Human Rights Act. Peterson argues that the bill would allow him to be fined or imprisoned if he refused to refer to students by their preferred gender pronouns. Legal experts have challenged Peterson's interpretation; they say that the bill would not criminalize using non-"preferred pronouns". By 2018, Daniel Woolf, the vice-chancellor of Queens University stated that "compelled speech" had become a "very divisive subject within the Ontario law profession" and was the object of much tension.
United Kingdom
Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right of freedom of expression, and section 3(1) of the Human Rights Act 1998, requires that as far as possible all legislation be given effect in a way which is compatible with this. In Lee v Ashers Baking Company Ltd, the Supreme Court considered whether a bakery in Northern Ireland had violated anti-discrimination law by refusing to decorate a cake with a message in support of gay marriage, with which the bakers disagreed on religious grounds. They held that although the bakery may have discriminated on the basis of the customer's political beliefs, which would in itself contravene the Fair Employment and Treatment (Northern Ireland) Order 1998, the legislation had to be "read down" in a way which would not violate the defendants' Article 10 rights, taken to include the right not to express a particular opinion. The right in Article 9 is a limited right because it permits restrictions on free speech that are necessary in a democratic society in pursuit of a legitimate aim, but the Supreme Court found that no such justification existed in this case. (The court also considered whether the defendants had discriminated based on sexual orientation, but because they concluded that they had not done, the court did not need to consider whether the relevant legislation should be similarly read down.)
Scotland
During The Killing Time of the 1680s an Abjuration Oath could be put to suspects where they were given the option to abjure or renounce their allegiances. The terms of the oath were deliberately designed to offend the consciences of the Presbyterian Covenanters. Those who would not swear "whether they have arms, or not" could be "immediately killed" by field trial "before two witnesses" on a charge of high treason. John Brown was included among those executed in this judicial process by John Graham (Bluidy Clavers) on 1 May 1685. The wives and children of such men could also be put out of their houses if they had spoken to the suspect or refused the oath themselves. Eighteen year old Margaret Wilson and sixty-three year old Margaret McLaughlan were killed "without human hand" when they were drowned in the sea for refusing to take the Abjuration Oath.
United States
Examples of compelled speech supported by law
Requiring a cable system to carry local stations – Turner Broadcasting v. FCC (1994)
Mandatory university fees that support groups with which other students disagree – Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System v. Southworth (2000)
Mandatory fees on agricultural products to support advertising – Johanns v. Livestock Marketing Association (2005)
Required availability of videos and podcasts in a form accessible to sight- and hearing-impaired persons
Subpoenas to companies compelling testimony that may be self-incriminatory
Filing a tax return
Warnings on alcohol and tobacco products
Examples of compelled speech not supported by law
Saluting the flag – West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)
Requiring a newspaper to publish an advertisement – Miami Herald v. Tornillo (1974)
School attendance past the eighth grade – Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
Motto on license plate – Wooley v. Maynard (1977)
Compelled self-incrimination by an individual – Fifth Amendment (1789)
Certain disclosures by organizations that offer limited services to pregnant women National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra (2018)
Provision of sonogram images and heartbeat audio to abortion patients.
Government speech
A government of, by, and for the people also speaks on behalf of its people. The government is not required to express views held by groups in the population.
A state may choose not to offer a license plate with a particular message – Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans (2015)
A city may accept a donation of statue from one religious group and refuse to accept one from another – Pleasant Grove City v. Summum (2009)
References
Category:United States Free Speech Clause case law
Speech | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Treasure Hunt (module)
Treasure Hunt is an adventure module for the Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) role-playing game, written by Aaron Allston for the 1st edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (AD&D) rules. The player characters must evolve into their roles as the adventure progresses, beginning as slaves on a galley who become freed after a shipwreck on an island where orcs and goblins contend over a treasure. The adventure received a positive review from White Dwarf magazine.
Plot summary
The characters begin in the Korinn Archipelago, and have been captured by slavers. A sea storm sends the pirate ship on which the characters are being held off course, and it crashes on an island once ruled by Viledel, the Sea King. On this island, a treasure has become the cause of a battle between orcs and goblins. The characters begin with no weapons, no money, and no possessions. After the shipwreck, the characters' freedom is able to develop gradually, allowing them to make meaningful choices which will help them determine their career.
Gameplay
Treasure Hunt is an adventure designed for zero-level characters. The player characters earn their way to 1st level. The scenario allows the characters to evolve into their roles as adventurers, instead of starting them out on that career. Those who fight well become fighters, those who study the magical items found along the way become magic-users, those who attempt thieving activities become thieves, and so on. Each character's actions and attitudes determine that character's character class.
Each character's behavior also determines their alignment. The Dungeon Master (DM) makes alignment checks, and keeps track of how the characters behave in terms of role-playing and with handling magic and combat, recording how a character is developing towards a first-level character with a character class. The module includes record sheets as handouts for the DM to track PC behaviors.
There is a two-page "Players' Introduction" at the beginning of the adventure that each player is supposed to read themself. The adventure includes a two-page appendix entitled "If Things Go Wrong", which is a detailed, episode-by-episode treatment of ways to handle the player characters if they don't do what they are expected to do during the course of the adventure.
Publication history
Treasure Hunt was written by Aaron Allston, and featured a cover by Jeff Easley and interior illustrations by Stephen Fabian. It was published by TSR in 1986 as a thirty-six page booklet with a 3-panel outer folder. Included in the module is a 12-page removable inner section.
The Korinn Archipelago later appeared in the accessory FR2 Moonshae.
Reception
Carl Sargent reviewed Treasure Hunt for White Dwarf No. 93, noting that characters "will need to be resourceful in their choice of action". He felt that the plotline was "guided but not obtrusively so." He also complimented the "If Things Go Wrong" section: "One of author Aaron Allston's best innovations is an extensive section for the GM of the 'What if they do/don't do this?' variety - very useful indeed." Sargent noted an emphasis on roleplaying, careful observation, planning, and sensible negotiation, which he found refreshing, and found the whole adventure "beautifully simple". He felt that "As a first adventure for initiates, this can't be beaten. For old hands who may be tiring of AD&D, it will be a welcome change." Sargent felt that the pre-generated characters were too weak in most cases, but that Allston handled this problem by avoiding excessive scores, and suggesting that players double up better scores on combinations, which leaves options open for further character evolution. Sargent concluded the review by stating, "This is a goodie: well-crafted... and truly creative. Well worth a look even if you don't normally buy AD&D adventures, you won't be disappointed."
Ken Rolston reviewed Treasure Hunt for Dragon magazine No. 125, calling Treasure Hunt a "fine example" of the subgenre of "low-level adventures in which the characters are stripped of all their game-mechanics resources and forced to improvise with their wits". Rolston complimented a few of Allston's design choices, including having player characters graduate from zero-level to 1st level with the DM tracking their progress, providing explicit staging for the DM, and displaying flexibility with interpreting the AD&D game rules. He felt the layout and presentation was generally good, calling the interior artwork "stylish", but the cover artwork "unremarkable", and the interior maps "uninspired but functional". Rolston criticized some of the layout choices, such as having the players read the "Players' Introduction", feeling that the material would be much better as a player handout.
References
Category:Dungeons & Dragons modules | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Finavia
Finavia Oyj, formerly the Finnish Civil Aviation Administration, is the public limited company responsible for maintaining and developing Finland's airport network. Finavia oversees 21 airports around the country, 19 of which primarily serve commercial flights and 2 of which focus solely on military and general aviation. Finavia is owned by the Finnish Government.
Finavia's headquarters are located on the grounds of Helsinki Airport. Kimmo Mäki started as Finavia's CEO January 1, 2018. The Prime Minister's Office is responsible for Finavia's ownership steering and oversight.
In 2017, 22.7 million passengers used Finavia's airports, with Helsinki Airport, Finavia's main airport, constituting 18.9 million of those. Helsinki Airport is an important transfer hub in Northern Europe, especially for Asian transfer passengers.
Operations
Finavia's customers are airlines, other operators in the sector, as well as passengers. Finavia's main business units are Helsinki Airport and the airport network in Finland. Finavia's daughter companies are Lentoasemakiinteistöt Oyj, a real estate company and Airpro Oy, a company providing ground services for airports and airlines.
Finavia's main services for airlines and passengers are:
Airports: airport services, maintenance of runways and terminals, ramp handling and security check services.
Real estate operations (through Lentoasemakiinteistöt Oyj): Leasing commercial premises at the airports and in their vicinity.
Ground services and security check services for air traffic (through Airpro Oy).
Finavia used to also take care of Finland's air navigation, which was separated as its own business for Air Navigation Services Finland in the beginning of April, 2017
Network
The airport network supported and developed by Finavia is composed of 21 airports in Finland. Finavia's largest civilian airport by number of passengers is Helsinki Airport (18.9 million passengers in 2017).
Finavia maintains 21 airports in Finland:
Helsinki Airport
Oulu Airport
Rovaniemi Airport
Turku Airport
Vaasa Airport
Kittilä Airport
Tampere Airport
Kuopio Airport
Ivalo Airport
Joensuu Airport
Jyväskylä Airport
Kajaani Airport
Kokkola-Pietarsaari Airport
Mariehamn Airport
Savonlinna Airport
Pori Airport
Kemi-Tornio Airport
Kuusamo Airport
Enontekiö Airport
Halli Airport
Utti Airport
Snow removal
Finavia's airports are recognized for their snow removal capacity and expertise on dealing with harsh snow conditions at airports. Finavia invests especially in the 24/7 availability of winter weather and airfield maintenance. The unusually large snowfalls in the winter of 2010–2011 in Europe brought chaos to many airports in Central Europe, with many airports shutting down temporarily. Despite these snowfalls, Finavia's airports remained operational throughout the entire winter. Finavia and Helsinki Airport's snow removal abilities have also been recognized by other European airport operators.
See also
List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries
References
External links
Official website
Category:Airport operators
Category:Transport companies of Finland
Category:Air navigation service providers
Category:1991 establishments in Finland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Johann Mannhardt
Johann Mannhardt (August 31, 1798 – August 25, 1878) was a German clockmaker, mechanic, and inventor.
Mannhardt was born in Tegernsee, and worked initially as a goatherd. He learned the clockmaking trade, however, and developed a strong talent for mechanical work. In 1826 he built a clock for the clocktower in Egern. In 1844 he moved to Munich, where he designed a new lead-sealing machine and oil mill, as well as the iron framings for the skylights on the roof of the Alte Pinakothek. He also built a number of machines, including saws, lathes, and peat presses, many of which he improved in ways that were copied elsewhere. In addition, he designed the guillotine that was used in Germany for carrying out the death penalty for the next hundred years or so.. Mannhardt continued to work at clockmaking as well, particularly turret clocks for clock towers, and equipped the clocktowers in a large number of European cities, as well as in the United States. He died in Munich in 1878.
References
Category:1798 births
Category:1878 deaths
Category:People from Miesbach (district)
Category:German clockmakers
Category:German inventors
Category:Goatherds
Category:Deaths in Germany | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Confuzion
Confuzion is a puzzle game developed and published by Incentive Software for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, BBC Micro, and Acorn Electron. The object is to guide a spark along a fuse wire. It is similar to the 1982 arcade game Loco-Motion. Confuzion was written by Paul Shirley who later wrote Spindizzy.
Audio track
The cassette tape on which the game was supplied also contained an audio track also titled "Confusion", which was composed by the Band Private Property (Matt Smith Lyrics, Joanne Holt/Steve Salt Music) and performed by Joanne Holt, Matt Smith, Steve Salt, Chris Weller and Gary Seaward. Rob Hubbard translated the original track into the game's soundtrack.
The band persuaded Incentive Software to change their audio cassette duplication process from monophonic to stereophonic, so that the music could be better appreciated (mono was fine for the computer program data which was distributed on cassette tapes in the 80s).
Matt Smith, PhD has now switched from playing music on computer games to teaching and writing books about computer games. He is the senior lecturer in computing at the TUDublin, Blanchardstown Campus, Dublin, Ireland.
Joanne married Steve, and is a teacher. Steve is a cabinet maker in Oxfordshire.
The graphic design for the cover of the cassette was created by Matthew Tidbury. Matthew is the creator of a board game City of Zombies to help children have fun and learn about maths.
References
External links
Commodore 64 Website includes a link to an MP3 file of the Confuzion theme song
Category:1985 video games
Category:Amstrad CPC games
Category:BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Category:Commodore 64 games
Category:ZX Spectrum games
Category:Video game clones
Category:Video games scored by Rob Hubbard
Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Spin (Trey Anastasio song)
"Spin" is the tenth track of Shine, the 2005 release Trey Anastasio, although the song is credited to both Trey Anastasio and Brendan O'Brien. It was recorded in mid-2005 at the Southern Tracks Recording Studio in Atlanta, GA. It was debuted live on August 4, 2005 at the Bank of America Pavilion in Boston, MA.
Personnel
Guitar, Vocals - Trey Anastasio
Drums - Kenny Aronoff
Bass, Keyboards, Backing Vocals - Brendan O'Brien
Percussion - Cyro Baptista
Cover Photos - Phil Knott
External links
Trey Anastasio's Official Website.
Category:Trey Anastasio songs
Category:2005 songs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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