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Ramos Arizpe Municipality
Ramos Arizpe is one of the 38 municipalities of Coahuila, in north-eastern Mexico. The municipal seat lies at Ramos Arizpe. The municipality covers an area of 5306.6 km².
As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 56,708.
References
External links
Category:Municipalities of Coahuila | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dichomeris punctatella
Dichomeris punctatella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Amazonas, Brazil.
Adults are ferruginous, the wings narrow with a short fringe and the forewings slightly acute with a convex exterior border.
References
Category:Moths described in 1864
Category:Dichomeris | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Álvaro de Sande
Don Álvaro de Sande (1489 – 20 October 1573) was a Spanish nobleman and military leader.
He was born in Cáceres, the son of Don Juan de Sande, second señor de Valhondo. Don Alvaro de Sande participated in numerous campaigns in the Spanish Army, including the Conquest of Tunis (1535), the conquest of Düren and Roermond in 1543, and the grand Battle of Mühlberg in 1549, in which Sande distinguished himself. When the German Campaign ended, Sande fought in the Italian War of 1551–1559 against France in the Tercios of Milan.
Despite his advanced age, he participated in 1560 in the Battle of Djerba against the Turks, which ended in disaster.
After the sea battle, the surviving soldiers took refuge in the fort they had completed just days earlier. When Giovanni Andrea Doria managed to escape in a small vessel, de Sande became commander of the force in the fort, which was soon attacked by the combined forces of Piyale Pasha and Turgut Reis. After a siege of three months, the garrison surrendered and 5,000 prisoners, including Alvaro de Sande, were carried back to Istanbul. After 2 years, de Sande was ransomed for 60,000 escudos and returned to Spain. The Holy Roman Empire's ambassador to Constantinople, Ogier de Busbecq, assisted the Spanish prisoners held by the Turks and was involved in securing de Sande's release. The two men travelled together as far as Vienna in the autumn of 1562. De Sande fought against the Turks again at the Siege of Malta in 1565.
Álvaro de Sande received Valdefuentes from King Philip II and was made first Marqués de la Piovera. He became interim Governor of the Duchy of Milan on 21 August 1571, a position that he held until 7 April 1572.
He married Antonia de Guzmán and had a son Rodrigo de Sande, 2nd marquês de la Piovera. He died in Milan.
Sources
El Periodico Extremadura (Spanish)
GeneAll.net
References
Category:1489 births
Category:1573 deaths
Category:Governors of the Duchy of Milan
Category:Marquesses of Spain
Category:Spanish generals | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Debbie Jones (athlete)
Debbie Jones (born 4 June 1958) is a Bermudian sprinter. She attended Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics. She is the first athlete to win the Carifta Games' Austin Sealy Award for Outstanding Athlete of the Games. She received the award in 1977.
She is married to Anthony Hunter.
References
Category:1958 births
Category:Living people
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Category:Bermudian female sprinters
Category:Olympic athletes of Bermuda
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1974 British Commonwealth Games
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1975 Pan American Games
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games competitors for Bermuda
Category:Tennessee State Lady Tigers track and field athletes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tupper Lake Central School District
Tupper Lake Central School District is a school district in Tupper Lake, New York, United States. The superintendent is Mr. Seth McGowan. The district operates two schools: Tupper Lake Middle High School and L.P. Quinn Elementary School.
Administration
As of 2010, the Superintendent is Seth McGown.
Administrators
Mr. Seth McGowan – Superintendent
Ms. Carol Lamb – Grant Writer
Ms. Petra Lebarge – Director of Special Programs
Mr. Garry Lanthier – Business Manager
Board of Education
Ms. Jane Whitmore- President
Mr. Mark Yamrick- Vice President
Ms. Dawn Hughes
Mr. Paul Ellis
Mrs. Trish Anrig
Selected Former Superintendents
Previous assignment and reason for departure denoted in parentheses
Mr. Michael A. Hunsinger – 1994–2005 (Superintendent - Waterloo Central School District, retired)
Mr. Daniel Bower – 2005–2006
Tupper Lake Middle-High School
Tupper Lake Middle-High School serves grades 7 through 12. The current principal is Ms. Seth McGowan.
History
Selected former principals
Previous assignment and reason for departure denoted in parentheses
James Ellis 1977-1996
Dr. Paul J. Alioto 1996 - 2000
Michael Powers 2000 - 2001
Eugene "Gene" H. Johnson Jr. 2001 - 2004
Pam Martin 2004 - 2011
L.P. Quinn Elementary School
L.P. Elementary School serves grades K through 6. The current principal is Ms. Carolyn Merrihew.
History
Selected former principals
Ms. Mary W. Sparks (?-2002)
Mr. Seth McGowan–2002( -2006)
References
External links
Official site
Category:School districts in New York (state)
Category:Education in Franklin County, New York | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Richard Kamara
Richard Kamara is a Liberian association football player who has represented the Liberia national football team, and played for the Minnesota Twin Stars.
Minnesota Twin Stars
Kamara began playing with the Minnesota Twin Stars of the NPSL in 2005. After displays of consistency in a developing club team, he helped lead them to two back-to-back Midwest Regional titles, in 2008 and 2009, captaining the side in the 2008 season. Along with earning the captaincy, he was given the honor of becoming a Midwest Regional All-Star team member, winning this award in three consecutive seasons ('08,'09,'10). In the 2010 season, solid performances in the back earned Kamara the Midwest MVP award, becoming the third Twin Star player to do so in three seasons.
Honours
Club
NPSL Midwest League (2) : 2008, 2009
NPSL National Finalist (1) : 2008
Individual
Midwest Regional All-Star team (3) : 2008, 2009, 2010
Midwest Regional MVP (1) : 2010
External links
Category:Liberian footballers
Category:Liberia international footballers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:Association football defenders | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ramanathapuram, Dindigul District
Ramanathapuram is a village in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India.
It is about 5 km from Vadamadurai.
Category:Villages in Dindigul district | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
From a Basement on the Hill
From a Basement on the Hill is the sixth and final studio album by the American singer-songwriter Elliott Smith. Recorded between 2000 and 2003, it was released posthumously in the UK and Europe on Domino on October 18, 2004, and in the US the following day on October 19, 2004 through record label ANTI-.
The album was initially planned as a double album, and was incomplete at the time of Smith's death. Many of the songs Smith intended for the album remained unfinished, in some cases only lacking vocals. Smith's family hired his former producer Rob Schnapf and ex-girlfriend Joanna Bolme to sort through and finish the batch of over thirty songs that were recorded for the album, although the estate retained final decision on which tracks to include.
Many of the songs reference Smith's lifelong struggles with drug addiction and depression. His cause of death is officially unknown, as the coroner's report remarks that some aspects pointed to suicide and some to murder. The official nature of the case and statements from close friends state that his death is still under speculation. It has not been investigated further.
From a Basement on the Hill became Smith's highest-charting album in the US and was praised by critics, with reviewers complimenting the album's attempts to expand Smith's sound, such as the incorporation of instrumental passages, as well as heavier, guitar-based material.
Background
On October 21, 2003, Elliott Smith died of two stab wounds, presumed by many to be self-inflicted. The wounds occurred following a heated argument at the Los Angeles home of his girlfriend, Jennifer Chiba. The coroner's determination was that the mode of death was undetermined and raised the possibility of homicide.
Smith battled heavy drug addiction and severe depression for most of his life, although he was sober in his final days, seeking treatment at the Neurotransmitter Restoration Center in Beverly Hills and even giving up alcohol, caffeine, red meat, refined sugars and most of his prescribed psychiatric medications on his 34th birthday. Smith took to sobriety with the same intensity with which he took to intoxication, and he found himself suddenly face-to-face with a lifetime of depression and unmanaged emotional trauma.
Recording and production
The album was initially planned as a double album, due to contractual obligations with the DreamWorks label (now Interscope). Smith had over fifty songs on tape reel or digital hard drive. He completed mixing on nine of these tracks with several others lacking only minor revisions or final vocals. Smith's estate hired Schnapf and Bolme to complete mixing on these tracks and eventually chose fifteen for inclusion on the album, which was ultimately released on ANTI- label. During the recording period for the album, Smith had recorded with Steven Drozd and Russell Simins, drummers for The Flaming Lips and Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, respectively.
Following Smith's death, Rob Schnapf, producer of Smith's earlier albums Either/Or, XO and Figure 8, was hired to mix and produce the album, along with Smith's former girlfriend Joanna Bolme. David McConnell, although present throughout much of the actual recording process, was not consulted during the mixing, nor was he asked for the extensive three years' worth of notes he and Smith had made while the album was being recorded. When asked why he personally took up the job of finishing the album, Schnapf stated, "I had a paternal, protective feeling. I didn't want anybody mucking it up."
Content
"Coast to Coast" features poetry by Nelson Gary. Smith told Under the Radar in 2003: "I asked this friend of mine to make up something he could say as fast as he could in fifteen minutes about people healing themselves or being unable to heal themselves. While he's saying this thing there is a main vocal that goes over that." The lyric "You're keeping me around, until I finally drag us both down" details a dysfunctional relationship.
"Pretty (Ugly Before)" was previously released as a single in August 2003 on Suicide Squeeze Records, along with a different version of "A Distorted Reality Is Now a Necessity to Be Free". According to McConnell, Smith did not intend to have "Pretty (Ugly Before)" on the album.
In "King's Crossing", where he sings "It's Christmas time and the needle's on the tree, the skinny Santa is bringing something to me", Smith alludes to using heroin, which he had many problems with.
Schnapf noted that the track "Ostrich & Chirping", a short instrumental made from sampling and looping the noises made by a toy bird, had nothing to do with Smith and was something that McConnell had recorded by himself. McConnell said "don't ask me how this ended up on the record, I totally forgot I had put that on one of his reels."
Release
From a Basement on the Hill was released on October 19, 2004, almost a year after Smith's death, through record label ANTI-, a sub-label of Epitaph. It peaked at No. 19 in the US, making it his highest-charting album in the US to date. The album has also been re-released by Kill Rock Stars, alongside a remastered reissue of his 1994 debut, Roman Candle.
When asked what Smith would have thought of the album, McConnell told Benjamin Nugent, "I don't think he would have delivered [that] record. The record he would have delivered would have had more songs, would have had different mixes and [been] a little more in-your-face." Schnapf also expressed that the final result that he and Bolme had produced was not the album that Smith would have made, simply because Elliott was not around to finish the album. Bolme also said that they did not add anything to the songs, and only mixed whatever had been recorded: "I would never presume to add anything. We didn't add anything."
Reception
After his death and the release of From a Basement on the Hill, many critics and fans viewed the album as a suicide note. Sindri Eldon, a journalist for Reykjavík Grapevine wrote, "...the foreshadowing of his suicide is so strong that it's difficult to listen to".
From a Basement on the Hill was well received by critics. On music review aggregator website Metacritic, the album holds an approval rating of 88/100 based on thirty-seven reviews; one of the highest-rated albums in the website's database. Many reviewers complimented the album's attempts to expand Smith's sound, such as the incorporation of instrumental passages, as well as heavier, guitar-based material.
Pitchfork called it "perfectly coherent and cohesive, without any sense of being slapped together from half-finished parts." E! Online called it "a beautiful swansong to one of this generation's best." Filter called it "large and epic, but tense and claustrophobic as well, and, gratefully, it's as close to Elliott as we've ever been." Billboard stated that "Smith bundles together subtlety and ferocity to create one of his heart-aching best... Consider it a 'fond farewell' to one of this generations most poignant and gifted songwriters." Rolling Stone had some reservations, observing that "this is an album about the seductions of oblivion, and a few of the more densely arranged songs mimic the characters in the lyrics, stumbing around without quite connecting. More often though, Smith teases extraordinary wit and warmth from songs that float lazily toward happiness."
In the UK the album was received even more enthusiastically than in Smith's home country. Under a headline of "He saved his best for last. How tragic.", Q wrote, "Given that its backstory involves one of the grimmest deaths in music history, it's tempting to view this album darkly, but really, there's no denying the new twist here... Without wanting to second-guess his mindset, this music often sounds like the madness surrounding its creator – his heroin troubles, an allegedly turbulent relationship, his struggles against depression. So what dominates are these loud, wayward Los Angeles epics full of gothic grandeur, broken-glass emotions, bizarre soundscapes and heavy, early-'70s guitars." The review concluded, "All posthumous releases receive garlands of praise but this would take your breath away whatever the circumstances".
Other critics, however, were cautious about viewing the album as a suicide note: Mojo felt that "to do so would be to miss the crucial point – that From a Basement on the Hill is of a piece within a body of work that stretches back to the mid-'90s. If Smith's lyrical themes were pretty much constant, the point was only underlined by the survival of his abiding aesthetic. In very crude terms, he took the spirit of such White Album songs as "Long, Long, Long", "Julia" and "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", and re-rooted them in a lovelorn, druggy demi-monde... Smith, however, was no mere pasticheur. As ever, his chord changes and arrangements betray an inventiveness seemingly borne of brilliant instinct. Moreover, the songs that form this album's spine find him striding away, not only from his own influences, but the approach that had defined his last couple of records. Those who found Figure 8 and parts of XO too in thrall to the musical ways of the West Coast – slightly over-airbrushed, maybe a little too lush – will be cheered by the fractured, frankly grungey likes of "Don't Go Down" and "Coast to Coast": in their own controlled way, as messy and imperfect as the experiences described therein. The contrast between their music and Smith's ever-tender vocals makes for a compelling tension; here, he alights upon an approach that would have gone on to serve him admirably well." NME observed that the opening track "Coast to Coast" "sets out the themes which run through the whole album: chronic self-doubt, poisonous sarcasm, a prevailing sense of having had enough of trying to fulfil other people's expectations", and went on to state that "while this is clearly not the record Smith intended to make, it's still an immensely gripping and cohesive piece of work. For all his experiments with grungier rock and spectral acoustics, From a Basement... holds together convincingly. It sounds like a completely finished album, and one which, remarkably, is a match for the very best in Smith's catalogue."
Track listing
Personnel
Elliott Smith – all instruments not listed below, production, recording, front cover handwriting
Additional personnel
Sam Coomes – bass guitar and backing vocals ("Pretty (Ugly Before)")
Steven Drozd – drums ("Coast to Coast")
Aaron Embry – keyboards ("Pretty (Ugly Before)")
Scott McPherson – drums ("Pretty (Ugly Before)")
Fritz Michaud – drums ("King's Crossing")
Aaron Sperske – drums ("Coast to Coast")
Nelson Gary – poetry reading ("Coast to Coast")
Technical
Autumn DeWilde – sleeve typography
Joanna Bolme – mixing
Rob Schnapf – mixing
Scott Wiley – engineering assistance
Ted Jensen – mastering
Andrew Beckman – recording (additional)
Chris Chandler – recording (additional)
David McConnell – recording (additional)
Dee Robb – recording (additional)
Fritz Michaud – recording (additional)
Jon Brion – recording (additional)
Matthew Ellard – recording (additional)
Pete Magdaleno – recording (additional)
Ryan Castle – recording (additional)
Tom Biller – recording (additional)
Valente Torres – recording (additional)
Nick Pritchard – sleeve design
Renaud Monfourny – front cover photograph
Ashley Welch – sleeve photography
Dominic DiSaia – sleeve photography
Paul Heartfield – sleeve photography
Chart positions
References
External links
Category:2004 albums
Category:Elliott Smith albums
Category:Anti- (record label) albums
Category:Domino Recording Company albums
Category:Albums published posthumously
Category:Albums produced by Rob Schnapf | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
921
__NOTOC__
Year 921 (CMXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
March – Battle of Pegae: Bulgarian forces under kavhan (first minister) Theodore Sigritsa defeat the Byzantine army at the outskirts of Constantinople. After the battle the Bulgarians burn the palaces in Pegae ("the Spring") and devastate the area north of the Golden Horn.
Europe
Summer – King Henry I (the Fowler) defeats his rival Arnulf I (the Bad), duke of Bavaria, in two campaigns. Arnulf is besieged at Regensburg and forced to accept peace negotiations, recognising Henry as sole sovereign of the East Frankish Kingdom (Germany).
Landulf I, prince of Benevento, supports an anti-Greek Apulian rebellion, ravaging several Byzantine strongpoints as far as Ascoli. The Apulian nobility, professing loyalty to the Byzantine Empire, appoints Landulf as stratego of the Theme of Longobardia.
September 15 – Ludmila, Bohemian duchess and widow of Bořivoj I, is murdered by her daughter-in-law Drahomíra at Tetín (modern Czech Republic). Ludmila will be canonised and become the patron saint of the Orthodox and the Catholic Church.
November 7 – Treaty of Bonn: King Charles III (the Simple) and Henry I sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia) at a ceremony aboard a ship in the middle of the Rhine, recognising the border between their two Frankish kingdoms.
A Hungarian mercenary force led by Dursac and Bogát defeats an army of insurgents, who plans to overthrow their ally, Emperor Berengar I, at Brescia. He appoints Giselbert I as count palatine of Bergamo (Northern Italy).
Arabian Empire
June 21 – A diplomatic delegation is sent from Baghdad to establish trade routes between the Abbasid Caliphate towards Bukhara (modern Uzbekistan). Ahmad ibn Fadlan, an Arab diplomat and traveller, makes contact with Almış, the İltäbär (vassal-king under the Khazars) of Volga Bulgaria, on behalf of Caliph al-Muqtadir.
Battle of Sevan: Sajid forces under Yusuf Beshir invade Armenia and besiege King Ashot II near Lake Sevan. After gathering a small force he attacks Beshir's camps and drives the enemy out of the country. Ashot starts a counter-offensive to rebuild the ruined cities and fortresses.
Africa
The Fatimid Caliphate crushes Idrisid forces in battle, capturing the cities of Tlemcen and Fez.
The Fatimid Caliphate creates a new capital in Ifriqiya, al-Mahdiya on the Tunisian coast.
China
The Later Liang Dynasty reports that all "barbarian" tribes have been pacified by the Khitan Empire.
Births
February 21 – Abe no Seimei, Japanese astrologer (d. 1005)
October 9 – Li Chun'an, Chinese merchant (d. 999)
October 27 – Chai Rong, emperor of Later Zhou (d. 959)
Edmund I (the Magnificent), king of England (d. 946)
Ja'far ibn al-Furat, Ikhshidid and Fatimid vizier (d. 1001)
Louis IV, king of the West Frankish Kingdom (or 920)
Ōnakatomi no Yoshinobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 991)
Shaykh Syed Mir Mirak Andrabi, Muslim Sufi (d. 990)
Deaths
February 13 – Vratislaus I, duke of Bohemia
September 15 – Ludmila, Bohemian duchess
Alexios Mosele, Byzantine admiral
Elvira Menéndez, queen of Galicia and León
Harusindan, ruler of the Gilites (Iran)
Lili ibn al-Nu'man, ruler of the Gilites
Liu Xun, general of Later Liang (b. 858)
Ragnall ua Ímair, Viking king of Northumbria
Richard, duke of Burgundy (b. 858)
Wang Rong, Chinese warlord (b. 877)
References | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Agafia Lykova
Agafia Karpovna Lykova (, born 17 April 1944) is a Russian Old Believer, part of the Lykov family, who has lived alone in the Taiga for most of her life. As of 2016, she resides in the Western Sayan mountains, in the Republic of Khakassia. Lykova became a national phenomenon in the early 1980s when Vasily Peskov published articles about her family and their extreme isolation from the rest of society. Lykova is the sole surviving member of the family and has been mostly self-sufficient since 1988, when her father died.
Early life
Lykova was born in a hollowed out pine washtub in 1944 to Karp Osipovich Lykov and Akulina Lykova. She was their fourth child, and the second to be born in the Taiga.
Lykova lives up a remote mountainside in the Abakan Range, away from the nearest town. For the first 35 years of her life, Lykova did not have contact with anyone outside of her immediate family. Information about the outside world came from her father's stories and the family's Russian Orthodox Bible.
In the summer of 1978, a group of four geologists discovered the family by chance, while circling the area in a helicopter. The scientists reported that Lykova spoke a language "distorted by a lifetime of isolation" that sounded akin to a "slow, blurred cooing". This unusual speech led to the misconception that Lykova was mentally disabled. Later, after observing her skill in hunting, cooking, sewing, reading and construction, this original misconception was revised. Peskov's book reports that Lykova's vocabulary expanded as she made further contact with the larger world, and he reports many of her uses of "unexpected" words in conversation.
Isolation
In 70 years, Lykova has ventured out of the family settlement six times. The first time was in the 1980s, shortly after Vasily Peskov's articles about the family's isolation turned them into a national phenomenon. The Soviet Government paid for her to tour the Soviet Union for a month, during which time she saw planes, horses, cars and money for the first time. Since then, she has only left to seek medical treatment, visit distant relatives and to meet other Old Believers.
Lykova prefers her life in the Taiga to life in the larger towns or cities. She claims that the air and water outside of the Taiga makes her sick. She also said that she finds the busy roads frightening. In 2011 Agafia formally re-joined Belokrinitskaya branch of Russian Old Believers Orthodox Church during a visit by Metropolitan Korniliy (Titov) coincidental with her 69th birthday. In 2014, she wrote a letter that was published online, requesting anyone to come to her home to be her helper as her "health is waning". She claimed in that letter to have "a lump on [her] right breast", a possible sign that she has developed cancer.
In January 2016, it was reported that Lykova was airlifted to a hospital due to leg pain. Agafia was treated at a hospital in Tashtagol, and planned to return to the wilderness once emergency services were able to airlift her home. According to the questionable source The Siberian Times she did and as of mid-2019 she was still living there.
Relationships
During her talks with Peskov, Lykova told him she was married to someone during one of her trips outside of the taiga. No further information was offered.
For 18 years, Lykova had a neighbour, Yerofei Sedov (one of the geologists who visited the area). Sedov told Vice journalists that he came to the Taiga to help Lykova. Due to his old age and disability, however, he heavily relied on Lykova for food and firewood throughout his stay. While the two were generally on friendly terms, there were two occasions where Lykova says that Sedov threatened her and "behaved sinfully". Sedov died on 3 May 2015, at the age of 77.
References
Category:1943 births
Category:Living people
Category:Russian hermits
Category:Old Believers
Category:People from Khakassia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mikhail Prokhorov 2012 presidential campaign
The Mikhail Prokhorov 2012 presidential campaign was the 2012 campaign of businessman Mikhail Prokhorov for the Russian presidency.
Prokhorov campaigned as an independent politician.
Campaign
In December 2011, after the legislative elections, Prokhorov announced that he would contest the 2012 presidential election against Vladimir Putin as an independent. He called it at the time "probably the most important decision of my life". According to Communist leader Gennady Zyuganov and opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, both believed the move as inspired by the Kremlin itself. According to Mr Nemtsov, Prokhrov's candidacy is an attempt, "to preserve Putin's regime". He collected 2 million signatures needed to allow him to run for the presidency.
In 4 March 2012 presidential polling, Prokhorov gained 7.94% of the vote. According to a poll by VTSIOM only 8% of the Russian electorate was familiar with his candidacy.
Mikhail Prokhorov conducted a tour around the country, meeting with his supporters in various cities. He was the only candidate to do so except for Putin, who visited Russia's regions as a part of his Prime Minister of Russia duties.
During his campaign, Prokhorov largely refrained from speaking negatively about his opponents. Prokhorov stated that he would not base his campaign on criticism of Putin. "Criticism must make up no more than 10% ... I would like to focus on the things I would do," he said.
Officially, Phrokhorov was the second best-funded campaign of the election, with a campaign fund of 400 million rubles (only 11 million rubles shy of Putin), of which he spent more than 319 million.
Campaign promises and views
Prokhorov positioned himself as a liberal reformist.
While running for president in 2012, he made a number of promises if he was to be elected. For domestic policy, Prokhorov promised to build more roads and railroad tracks, and increase the Russian standard of living to the point of it being higher than in the United States.
As for foreign policy, his view was that Russia should create a closer partnership for trade with the European Union and a closer partnership with the Central Asian zone. He sought greater integration with Europe. Undesirable countries in his opinion are the "non-democratic" or human-rights- abusing regimes, of which he named Iran and Syria as the primary ones.
If elected, Prokhorov promised to reinstate elections for Russia's governorships.
Prokhorov promised to pardon Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
Prokhorov promised to reverse the recent constitutional amendment that had lengthened presidential terms from four years to six.
Prokhorov stated that it was his belief that the Prime Minister and parliament needed to be a strong counterweight to the presidency. He stated that he would select Alexei Kudrin to serve as his prime minister.
Prokhorov promised to dismantle state control of the media and prohibit all forms of censorship and state control of major television and radio stations. This included selling-off state owned television assets.
Prokhorov would require the government's top 200 officials to sell off their business assets. Speaking of his own business interests he stated, “When I become president, I will sell all my assets and I will pay all the taxes, and I will give more than a half to charity.”
Prokhorov promised to dismantle large energy monopolies, including dismantling Gazprom. He also stated that he favored better relations with the European Union.
He planned to, whether or not he won the presidency, lead a liberal free-market oriented party following the presidential election. In June 2012 he became the leader of the Civic Platform Party.
References
Prokhorov | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Knarçay
Knarçay is a village in the municipality of Quturğan in the Qusar Rayon of Azerbaijan.
References
Category:Populated places in Qusar District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bala Taleqan Rural District
Bala Taleqan Rural District () is a rural district (dehestan) in the Central District of Taleqan County, Alborz Province, Iran.
It is located in the Alborz (Elburz) mountain range.
At the 2006 census, its population was 6,609, in 1,932 families. The rural district has 31 villages.
References
Category:Rural Districts of Alborz Province
Category:Taleqan County
Category:Settled areas of Elburz | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Saint-Quentin, New Brunswick
Saint-Quentin is a Canadian town in Restigouche County, New Brunswick.
Saint-Quentin is located in the Appalachian Mountains, 50 kilometres west of Mount Carleton, the province's highest elevation point.
The population was 2,194 in the 2016 census. The majority of individuals in the area speak French.
History
In 1897, the Restigouche and Western Railway Company embarked on a project to build a railway linking Campbellton and St-Léonard, two towns in northwestern New Brunswick. The progress of its construction sent workers deep into the forest. In 1909, Simon Gallant, an Acadian working as a blacksmith, decided to settle his family by a stream near Five Fingers where he found a stray cow.
At the same time, authorities began to worry about the emigration of Québec families to the United States and to Western Canada, resulting in a population decline. Msgr. Joseph Arthur Melanson, the largest settler and missionary in Saint-Quentin Parish, originally named Anderson Siding, launched a large program of colonization. Valuing farming and agriculture, he encouraged Acadien and Québécois families to settle in the Restigouche region of New Brunswick on the fertile lands along the length of the newly built train line.
The village of Anderson Siding was founded in 1910; its first mass was held in Simon Gallant's round log cabin in the forest. The first chapel was built in 1911, its first post office in 1912, its first school in 1913, and its first church in 1918. The name Anderson Siding was changed to the present name of Saint-Quentin in 1919 in commemoration of the Canadian victory in the French town of the same name during the Battle of the Somme in the First World War. Its first hospital, Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Joseph, was built in 1947 and is still in operation today.
Saint-Quentin was incorporated as a district in 1947, as a village in 1966, and as a town in 1992.
Demographics
Population
Language
Mother tongue language (2011)
Industry
Logging of the area's rich forests is Saint-Quentin's largest industry. The two sawmills, Groupe Savoie and North American Forest Products, are Saint-Quentin's largest employers, employing 400 and 225 employees respectively. Agriculture is another major industry in the region near Saint-Quentin. Livestock is raised for dairy, beef and pork production, and potatoes, grain and hay are grown on the area's many farms. The production of maple syrup and other maple sugar products is the third major industry in the region; there are over 35 commercial maple plantations as well as 25 traditional sugar shacks in the area.
Tourism
Festival Western
Since 1984, Saint-Quentin has hosted the Festival Western (Western Festival) in mid-July of each year, the largest Western-themed festival of its kind in New Brunswick. Run by Le Festival Western de Saint-Quentin, Inc., it now includes rodeo, a parade, fireworks, children's activities and much more. The largest event is the "Pow-Pow", a flea market and gathering of local musicians and performers which takes place on Rue Canada, the main street of the town, which is closed to traffic for the occasion.
Old railway station
In 2005, the former railway station, which was reconstructed in its original location, reopened as a tourist centre as well as the offices of the Chamber of Commerce and the Festival Western. The route of the train tracks, which have been removed, has been transformed into a trail for walking, bicycling, and riding all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles.
Other events and activities
The Festival de l'Érable (Maple Festival), launched in 2004, takes place in the spring of each year, the maple sugar season, and includes tours of maple sugarbushes, shacks and refineries, as well as sawmills which process maple wood. In addition, it includes a market where vendors sell maple products, including syrup, sugar, salad dressing, and maple-flavoured alcoholic beverages.
A Carnival d'Hiver (Winter Carnival) is held in February and comprises winter-themed activities.
Golfing at the local golf course and riding ATVs and snowmobiles are popular activities.
Notable people
See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
References
Ville de/Town of Saint-Quentin (brochure produced by the town) Pier-Luc and Tommy Castonguay
External links
Official website
Festival Western
Category:Communities in Restigouche County, New Brunswick
Category:Towns in New Brunswick
Category:Logging communities in Canada | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rauli Tsirekidze
Rauli Tsirekidze or Raul Tsirek'idze (; born 24 May 1987, in Kutaisi, Georgian SSR) is a Georgian weightlifter competing in the 85 kg category. He participated in the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics.
On 21 November 2016 the IOC disqualified him from the 2012 Olympic Games and struck his results from the record for failing a drugs test in a re-analysis of his doping sample from 2012.
References
External links
Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:Male weightlifters from Georgia (country)
Category:Olympic weightlifters of Georgia (country)
Category:Weightlifters at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Weightlifters at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Kutaisi
Category:Doping cases in weightlifting
Category:Sportspeople from Georgia (country) in doping cases | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Elaine Benes
Elaine Marie Benes is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld, played by Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Elaine's best friend is her ex-boyfriend Jerry Seinfeld, and she is also good friends with George Costanza and Cosmo Kramer. Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Elaine, winning an Emmy, a Golden Globe and five SAG Awards. She reprised the role during season 41 of Saturday Night Live.
Elaine's debut
Unlike her three close friends, Elaine is absent from the pilot episode. Previously the female role was supposed to be Claire, the waitress at Pete's Luncheonette played by Lee Garlington, but Monk's Cafe replaced the luncheonette and Garlington was dropped from the role. Elaine first appears in "The Stake Out," but in production order she appears in a final scene eating M&Ms in "Male Unbonding." NBC executives felt the show was too male-centric, and demanded that Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David add a woman to the cast as a condition for commissioning the show, as revealed in the commentary on the Season 1 and 2 DVD. In addition to the first episode, Elaine doesn't appear in "The Trip" (the actress having been in the late stages of pregnancy at the time of filming) and therefore appears in fewer episodes than George and Jerry.
Real-life inspiration
After it was discovered that Jerry Seinfeld once dated writer and comedian Carol Leifer, speculation grew that Elaine was based on Leifer, though that was later largely denied. Leifer, who wrote or cowrote a number of episodes for the show, has said only some elements of the backstory of the character — that she and Seinfeld had dated and have remained good friends since the relationship ended — relate to her. She says some elements of the character of Elaine, especially her assertiveness, intelligence and sense of humor, are drawn from the off-screen personality of Julia Louis-Dreyfus herself. According to Seinfeld's biography (written by Jerry Oppenheimer), Elaine was based in part on Susan McNabb (who was dating Seinfeld when the character was created), though eventually named after friend and fellow comic Elayne Boosler. Also, the character was partially based on Monica Yates, daughter of novelist Richard Yates, whom Larry David once dated, and they remained good friends after they broke up.
Personality
Elaine is normally intelligent and assertive, but also quite superficial. She's 'one of the boys', and despite the troubles they go through as a group, she remains the closest female friend to the main male cast throughout the series. Her traits are usually edgy and neurotic and she has a tendency to easily get angry with almost everybody, and has a habit of shoving people when displaying extreme emotion. She's ruined her friends' ambitions, like throwing George's hairpiece out the window after trying to explain the irony behind it in "The Beard" or revealing what Jerry said in "The Cheever Letters" about the "panties her mother laid out for her".
Elaine is, like Jerry and George, a serial dater, a trait lampooned in "The Sponge", in which she is desperate to buy a cache of discontinued contraceptive sponges before existing stock is exhausted. She coins the word "spongeworthy" debating her then-boyfriend's prospects of intimacy at the expense of her inventory. Her neuroses often interfere with her relationships, leading to the premature end of a blossoming relationship. For example, in "The Stall", Elaine is dating Tony, a very good-looking athletic type. After a rock climbing accident mangles Tony's face, Elaine admits to Jerry that she can't date somebody who's unattractive and wonders how long she's obligated to stay with him post-accident. Elaine also is attracted to men with lucrative jobs, especially doctors.
Generally, her hair was long with curls or waves, but underwent changes since Season 5. In early seasons, she had long, curly, brown hair and usually wore her hair half-up, framing her forehead with a slight bouffant. By Season 7, her hair darkened and her hairstyle matured resulting in a more modern look for the rest of the series, even wearing it straight in "The Wait Out" and "The Invitations". After cutting it short in "The Soul Mate" and growing it out in "The Bizarro Jerry", it was shoulder length again by "The Little Kicks", and straightened once more from "The Summer of George" to "The Betrayal". There are a few episodes where her hair is discussed in relation to the plot. In "The Strike", it's damaged when affected by steam. In "The Smelly Car" a valet makes Jerry's car and Elaine's hair smell like body odor. In "The Movie" George describes Elaine as having "a big wall o' hair".
Her clothes are normally quite conservative. In the first three seasons, she often wears floral, collared, mid-calf length, button-down dresses with white ankle socks and oxfords. She also often wears high-waisted, tapered black jeans or pants and a bright blazer. For work, she dresses more formally. Peter Mehlman reveals on audio commentary in "The Sponge" and "The Betrayal" that female fans favor the brown leather jacket that she wears from Season 7 onward. Occasionally, she's entirely out of her usual attire, as in "The Betrayal" (when she wears an Indian outfit and hairstyle) and "The Millennium" (where she dons Mayan dress). Elaine also wears glasses at times, usually during work hours.
Although she's friends with George, Elaine tends to be combative with him. Still, Elaine sees him as a good friend: in "The Wife", he argues with Elaine over her love interest, who's threatening to throw him out of the health club. The portrayal of Elaine as smarter and more successful than George is occasionally reversed for comic effect: In "The Opposite", George finds success and happiness doing the opposite of whatever his instincts tell him, while normally successful Elaine falls on hard times. In "The Abstinence", George becomes smarter while not having sex, but Elaine gets dumber. In a few episodes George and Elaine work together, most notably in "The Revenge" and "The Cadillac".
She sometimes goes to Kramer for help. She asks him and Newman to help her get rid of a neighbor's dog in "The Engagement". In "The Slicer", she asks him first to lose power at her neighbors' house and also feed the cat with meat. In "The Watch" she asks him to pose as her boyfriend so she can dump Dr. Reston, her controlling psychiatrist boyfriend. In "The Soup Nazi", she asks him to watch an armoire for her on the street until she can move it in the following day. The only conflict is in "The 7" over a girl's bicycle where Newman is the judge over the dispute.
Elaine is the only main character not to own a car. In "The Busboy" (off camera) and "The Pothole" she borrows Jerry's, and in "The Wait Out" her friend Elise's car. In "The Burning" she borrows then-boyfriend David Puddy's. Also, it's revealed that she's a horrible driver who slams on the brakes and wildly steers the car.
Elaine also has a very refined taste in film, citing many movies, plays and characters throughout the series. She has a particular affection for A Streetcar Named Desire. In "The Pen", Elaine shows her love for the movie when she becomes unintentionally high on muscle relaxers and repeatedly screams "Stella" at a fancy awards dinner for Morty Seinfeld in Florida. In "The Fusilli Jerry" Elaine describes David Puddy, her new on and off again boyfriend, as a man who comes home "dripping with animal sexuality" after Jerry says that dating his mechanic is "such a huge turn off." In "The Comeback" Elaine rents Vincent picks that she likes compared to Kramer who likes Gene picks. Later in the same episode, she tries Weekend at Bernie's II which is a Gene pick recommended by Kramer and which she hates. In "The English Patient", Elaine expresses her utter dislike for the film which won nine Oscars including Best Picture, and prefers a comedy called "Sack Lunch." Later in the episode, a theater outburst gets her temporarily fired until she agrees to travel to Tunisia and live in a cave in order to save her job.
In "The Boyfriend", Elaine reveals her disgust for smokers, which helps lead to a breakup with Keith Hernandez. Her dislike of smoking also leads to an argument with a fortune-teller in "The Suicide". However, in "The Calzone" and "The Foundation" she's seen smoking with a Cuban cigar. She's also seen smoking a cigar in "The Blood", but only to make herself look bad in front of the mom of the child she's babysitting.
In "The Maid", Elaine has a phone serviceman in her apartment to change the apartment's phone number (in response to receiving numerous attempted faxes meant for Kramer). While the serviceman is at work kneeling beside the phone, and holding a large candlestick, she speculates (heard via voice-over) whether it'd be discovered if she killed the serviceman (credited as "Phone Guy #1" Sam Whipple). Upon learning that the new phone number will have the 646 area code instead of Manhattan's traditional 212, she tells the man: "You know, I could have killed you and no one would have known," to which the serviceman repeats those exact words back to her.
Family
Elaine is the only main character whose mother never appears. Her father, a gruff novelist named Alton Benes (Lawrence Tierney), a character based on novelist Richard Yates, was featured in "The Jacket". He's an alcoholic veteran and very well respected in the literary community. In the same episode, Alton asks how her mom is; later, in "The Wait Out", Elaine reveals to David Lookner that Alton left her and the rest of her family when she was 9 years old.
Elaine has a sister, Gail, and nephew who are first mentioned in "The Pick". In "The Airport", it's revealed that Gail lives in St. Louis. She also makes reference to a brother-in-law in "The Phone Message".
Elaine has a cousin, Holly, who appears in "The Wink", where reference is made to Elaine's grandmother Mema, whom Holly inherited a set of cloth napkins from. It is not revealed if Mema is her maternal or paternal grandmother.
In "The Stock Tip", Elaine mentions she has an Uncle Pete. In "The Secret Code", she mentions an uncle who worked in the Texas School Book Depository with Lee Harvey Oswald. If the two uncles are the same person is not revealed.
Background and education
Unlike George, Jerry and Kramer, Elaine is not a native of New York City, having grown up in an affluent Baltimore suburb of Towson, and is shown to be a fan of the Baltimore Orioles. She attended finishing school and completed her undergraduate education at Tufts University, revealed to be her safety school in "The Puerto Rican Day", as a French Literature major. In "The Dog", she tells George she moved to New York in 1986, which, by coincidence, is the year Jerry moved into his apartment across the hall from Kramer. She started dating Jerry later that year. In "The Doodle" it is stated by George that Elaine takes a drawing class at The New School with his girlfriend Paula.
Elaine's religious beliefs are never confirmed, and she appears to have no interest in religion. She expresses shock when Puddy is revealed as a devout Christian. She views saying "God bless you" as a "silly superstition" in "The Good Samaritan". On the other hand, she's seen making the sign of the cross before entering Jerry's apartment to retrieve a manuscript while it's being fumigated in "The Doodle", and crosses herself again in "The Betrayal" after turning her back on a Hindu altar. This might suggest that Elaine was raised Catholic. In multiple episodes, including "The Strong Box" and "The Wizard", she can be seen wearing a crucifix. In "The Pick", Elaine is horrified when she realizes she sent a Christmas card which features her nipple to "Sister Mary Catherine" and "Father Chelios".
In "The Chinese Woman", Elaine asks Jerry about the ethnicity of Donna Chang, whose surname was shortened from Changstein, a move not unusual for Jewish immigrants. Jerry responds to Elaine that Donna is "like you". However, Elaine is confirmed to be a gentile in "The Postponement", when she talked to a rabbi about not being herself after finding out George got engaged before her. She tells him she's not of his Jewish faith. Elaine also states that she's not Jewish in "The Fatigues." Though her ethnicity is never made clear, the name Beneš is a common Czech surname. Her ethnicity is incorrectly assumed to be Hispanic in "The Wizard". In "The Wink", her cousin Holly repeatedly mentions a "Grandma Memma" who apparently shared a mutual dislike with Elaine's side of the family. Elaine claims to have an IQ of 145 (although her scores range from 85 to 151).
Residence
Early in the series, Elaine lives with a roommate Tina. Later on, she lives on her own at 16 W. 75th St., Apt. 2G and 78 W. 86th St., Apt. 3E.
Employment
Elaine works several steady jobs throughout the show's entire run, mostly as a writer or editor.
During Seasons 2 to 5, she works at Pendant Publishing under her boss Mr. Lippman, where she served as a copy editor before losing her job at the end of Season 5 when the company went bankrupt, and a misunderstanding resulting from her penchant for chewy, speech-impairing Jujyfruit candies thwarted a merger that might have saved the company. ("The Opposite").
She later becomes a personal assistant to the eccentric, demanding Justin Pitt, starting in "The Chaperone", but later is fired when Mr. Pitt thinks she and Jerry are conspiring to kill him in "The Diplomat's Club". Her duties for Mr. Pitt included largely mundane tasks, like buying him socks or removing the salt crystals from his pretzel sticks ("The Mom & Pop Store").
After her dismissal from this position, she meets J. Peterman on the street ("The Understudy") and becomes an editor at his J. Peterman Catalog, where she remains employed for the rest of the series. Starting in "The Foundation", she takes charge of the catalog when Peterman suffers a nervous breakdown and flees to Burma. She goes on a spending spree on the company account (she buys George an $8000 sable hat in "The Chicken Roaster"). Once Peterman returns to find an ineffective reshuffling of employees in "The Money" she's demoted back to her former position. Peterman also fires her twice: first when her penchant for poppy seed muffins cause her to fail a drug test in "The Shower Head" and then in "The English Patient" when she expresses her hate for the movie The English Patient. She's able to recover her job by agreeing to live temporarily in a remote cave in the desert of Tunisia.
Romantic relationships
Elaine has a string of boyfriends, most of whom appeared for only an episode or two.
Jerry
Jerry and Elaine had dated for a while before the show started. They started dating in 1986 (as revealed in "The Truth"; per "The Betrayal", this would have been shortly after Jerry moved into his apartment and Elaine first moved to New York, suggesting Jerry was her first New York boyfriend), then dated for 3 years until 1990, indicating they started dating in mid-1986 and broke up in mid-1990; however, in "The Deal", Elaine states they only had sex thirty-seven times, and in the same episode Jerry states he'd thought it was twenty-five times, numbers which, given the length of their relationship and post-relationship promiscuity, seem rather low if not downright implausible. In any event, during conversation in "The Deal," Jerry and Elaine make clear that their breakup wasn't due to sexual issues; the precise reasons for their breakup are never elaborated on. However, in "The Stakeout," Jerry tells his parents that the reason for the break-up had to do with fighting too much and "physical chemistry."
Also in "The Deal," they create a set of rules whereby they can sleep together but remain only friends. However, their theory is ruined when Elaine is furious over Jerry giving her $182 as a birthday gift. In "The Mango", Jerry is shocked to discover that Elaine had feigned her orgasms while they were together. Elaine isn't too concerned, but bitter Jerry is unable to let it go and unsuccessfully demands another chance. Ultimately, as they're about to bitterly part ways, she finally agrees to give him another chance "to save the friendship". Though the friendship goes back to normal, the attempt initially fails as Jerry is unable to perform, though he manages to salvage the situation off-screen by eating mangos before a second successful attempt at sex.
The idea that Jerry and Elaine still have feelings for one another occasionally comes up in the series. In "The Tape", she jokingly leaves a dirty message on his tape recorder, reigniting the three other main characters' passion for her. In "The Fix-Up", Kramer stops an argument between Jerry and Elaine and tells them, "Can't you two see that you're in love with each other?" They, however, dismiss it. In "The Mom & Pop Store", when a big band music party temporarily deafens Elaine, Jerry jokingly proposes. In "The Cadillac", after Elaine realizes that Jerry is financially successful, she starts to flirt with him incessantly. In "The Abstinence", Elaine abstains from sex with her boyfriend until he passes his medical exam. This results in such mental congestion that she becomes markedly less intelligent. She then begs Jerry to have sex with her, he briefly considers it but turns her down, saying that the situation was "too weird". However, this was likely just a desperate effort from Elaine, as she then goes as far to ask if Kramer was home.
In "The Serenity Now", Jerry's uninhibited, exaggerated emotional state causes him to ask Elaine to marry him. Shocked, she makes an excuse and leaves. She returns later to accept his proposal, but Jerry has by that time settled to his usual stable emotional state and says "I don't see it happening." In "The Finale", when they think their airplane is about to crash, Elaine says "I've always loved y...", but then pilot is able to steady the airplane. Elaine later explained in court that she was going to say "I've always loved United Airlines."
During her interview on Inside The Actor's Studio, Julia Louis-Dreyfus said she believed Jerry and Elaine were soul mates but would never end up together because they were both too "insane and messed up."
In the reunion episode featured in Season 7 of Curb Your Enthusiasm, it's revealed in the years since the finale Jerry has donated sperm to Elaine that results in her having a daughter, who's taken to calling Jerry "Uncle Jerry", but by the episode's end, it's said she now refers to him as "daddy" - to Jerry and Elaine's clear discomfort.
David Puddy
Elaine's longest relationship, besides that with Jerry, is with Puddy (Patrick Warburton), an auto mechanic-turned car salesman whom she dates starting in the latter half of Season 6, and later for the majority of Season 9. Puddy and Elaine break and make up repeatedly during their relationship, often doing so several times over the course of a single episode as demonstrated to extreme effect in "The Butter Shave" and "The Voice". Puddy has a casual approach to their relationship as seen in "The Voice" when Puddy claims he just likes her for the sex. In the same episode, when Elaine tells him that they're back together, he answers "Oh, no". In "The Finale", when Elaine is about to be taken away to prison, she emotionally tells Puddy to "not wait for her". Puddy answers back with a simple, casual, "Alright".
Men attracted to Elaine
Newman has a long-running crush on Elaine over the course of the series. Even though Jerry shows Elaine's "Christmas Card" in "The Pick", he reveals his feelings in "The Soul Mate" until "The Reverse Peephole" where Elaine tries to get the fur coat but he's already in love with Svetlana.
In "The Tape", George, Jerry and Kramer become attracted to Elaine after hearing a joke erotic message that she recorded on a tape Jerry was recording one of his live shows on. Kramer and Elaine are very occasionally seen to flirt with one another, like calling one another "darling" or "my love".
In "The Serenity Now", Elaine attracts the romantic attentions of both Mr. Lippman and his thirteen-year-old son, Adam. George tells her she has 'shiksa-appeal, the attraction of Gentile women over Jewish men ("Jewish men love the idea of meeting a woman that's not like their mother").
In "The Cigar Store Indian", Elaine becomes the obsession of a nerdy TV fanatic named Ricky whom she meets on the subway; he shows up at the Costanzas' home with a paper bouquet for her which he made out of Frank Costanza's copy of TV Guide (which Elaine had accidentally left with him). In "The Pie", it's revealed that Ricky designed a mannequin in Elaine's likeness.
In "The Big Salad", an office supply store clerk, Barry, who's become obsessed with Elaine constantly calls Jerry about a pencil order she placed for Mr. Pitt.
In "The Contest", John F. Kennedy, Jr., who works out at the same gym as Elaine, lets her know through the countergirl that he'd like to meet her. JFK Jr. and Elaine ride together briefly in a cab.
In "The Jimmy", Elaine thinks she's being set up on date with a handsome man from the gym that she fancies, but instead she's unwittingly agreed to a date with a strange man named Jimmy who refers to himself in the third person.
In "The Shoes", Elaine catches the eye of NBC president Russell Dalrymple by wearing a dress with a décolletage. She breaks off the relationship after one date, sending Russell into an emotional spiral that causes him to quit his job and join Greenpeace to impress her. Russell's departure from NBC causes George and Jerry's pilot to be rejected, and it's implied at the end of "The Pilot" that Russell dies at sea during a Greenpeace mission.
In "The Van Buren Boys", J. Peterman suggests that when Elaine writes the "romantic escapade" section of his autobiography, she can feel free to throw herself into the dialogue.
In "The Strike", Elaine is at Tim Whatley's holiday party and sees that she is being eyed up by a man in a denim vest and states that her 'fake number' is coming out. She later realizes that she wrote her fake number on a sub sandwich punch card, so to get the free sub has to go to the Off-track betting parlor where the phone number she wrote belongs. When she gets there she meets the bookie at the window and Charlie. 2 men whom she scammed with a fake number (among many). She then gives out the number for H&H Bagels which is where Kramer is working.
Other notable boyfriends
She dates baseball player (and Kramer and Newman's nemesis) Keith Hernandez in "The Boyfriend".
She also dates Tim Whatley, a dentist who appears in several episodes, most notably "The Label Maker".
Over several episodes in Season 4, she dates Joe Davola, who's simultaneously stalking Jerry, unbeknownst to her until "The Opera".
In "The Masseuse", she dates a man named Joel Rifkin, who shares the same name as a notorious serial killer.
In "The Sniffing Accountant" she dates Jake Jarmel, an up-and-coming writer and star client of Pendant Publishing. She dumps him because of his reluctance to use exclamation points. They get back together in "The Opposite", but he dumps her for stopping to buy Jujyfruits after hearing he was in a car crash. Later, in "The Scofflaw", Elaine taunts Jake by wearing glasses that are identical to his—he's upset because he thought he had the only pair. She then gives them to Mr. Lippman, Jake's publisher, who inadvertently angers Jake by wearing them to a book promotion.
In "The Bizarro Jerry", she dates Kevin, the nice, kind antithesis of Jerry whose friends Gene, Feldman and Vargus are polar opposites of George, Kramer and Newman, respectively, each described as coming from the backwards Bizarro World of Superman comics.
In "The Stall", her boyfriend Tony, dubbed a male bimbo or "mimbo" by Jerry, becomes George's new idol.
In "The Wallet" she dates her psychiatrist, Dr. Reston, who has such control over her she calls him her Svengali (but mispronounces it "Svenjolly").
In "The Checks", her boyfriend Brett is so obsessed with the song "Desperado" that she feels ignored whenever it comes on. She tries to find a song that they can share and comes up with "Witchy Woman", but it doesn't work. Both songs are by the Eagles.
In "The Wizard", Elaine isn't sure if her new boyfriend Darryl is black or not and gets mixed signals when she tries to find out. Turns out he's white and thought Elaine was Hispanic.
In "The Non-Fat Yogurt", Elaine dates Lloyd Braun. Since Lloyd works for the mayor, she tells him that the city would be a better place if everybody wore name tags. He mentions this to the mayor, who eventually loses his election as a result.
In "The Maestro", Elaine starts dating Bob Cobb, a conductor who insists on being called "Maestro". They eventually go to Tuscany together.
In "The Junk Mail", Elaine dates Jack, the TV pitchman for The Wiz.
Enemies
Elaine's quick temper makes her several enemies and gets her into several confrontations over the years:
Sue Ellen Mischke
She has a long-running hate and inferiority complex for ex-schoolmate and candy-bar heiress Sue Ellen Mischke. Elaine's nickname for Sue Ellen was "The Braless Wonder" because she never wore a bra in high school, which enticed Elaine's boyfriend to dump her for Sue Ellen, who appears in 4 episodes: in "The Caddy", she struts down the street wearing a bra as a top, causing Kramer to crash George's car; in "The Bottle Deposit", Elaine spends $20,000 on a set of golf clubs (owned by Pres. Kennedy) for Mr. Peterman when she's caught in a vicious bidding war with Sue Ellen at an auction; in "The Abstinence", Elaine boasts to Sue Ellen about dating a doctor but then is made to look foolish when her boyfriend is completely useless during an emergency at the coffee shop; finally, in "The Betrayal", Elaine is so unhappy at receiving an "unvitation" (a deliberately last-minute invitation) to Sue Ellen's wedding, that she travels all the way to India just to show up. At the wedding George reveals that Elaine had once dated the groom, leading Sue Ellen to rip out Elaine's nose-ring.
Other enemies
Elaine conflicts with Frank Costanza on several occasions. Frank refers to her as "supercilious" in "The Chinese Woman" and in "The Strike" he responds to her greeting with a brusque "hello, woman". In The Cigar Store Indian, she angers him first by taking his TV Guide without asking and then spilling her gyro on it. Then, in "The Little Kicks", she and Frank come to blows after George is arrested along with Elaine's coworker Anna. Elaine says to Frank, "I could drop you like a bag of dirt." Frank replies, "You want a piece of me? You got it!" Later, when Jerry chides her for fighting with an old man, she says, "Hey, he wrote the check. I cashed it." suggesting that she won the fight.
Her abortion argument with restaurateur Poppie gets him so angry that he loses control of his bladder in "The Couch" and again in "The Doorman."
In "The Soup Nazi", Elaine refuses to abide by the rules of a strict soup stand owner nicknamed "The Soup Nazi" and therefore becomes the subject of his ire. When she finds his secret recipes that he'd accidentally left in an armoire, she hints that she'll drive him out of business, gloating that he's "through!"
In "The Summer of George", Elaine makes enemies out of her coworker Sam (Molly Shannon). First, when Elaine criticizes Sam's way of walking ("It's like she's carrying invisible suitcases"), Sam gets furious and threatens revenge. Then, Raquel Welch (who was recently fired from a musical for dancing without swinging her arms), sees Elaine describing the walk to the police and thinks that Elaine is making fun of her and attacks her. Both events end up arousing George, Jerry, Kramer and even the police, because as Jerry tells Elaine, men love "catfights".
In "The Understudy", after she thinks her Korean manicurists are making fun of her, she angers them by bringing in Frank Costanza, who's fluent in Korean, to eavesdrop on them.
In "The Fire", Elaine reveals her hate for her overly energetic, always-happy colleague Toby. Then, when Toby loses her pinky toe in an accident (caused by Jerry), an outpouring of office sympathy leads Toby to a major promotion instead of the more qualified Elaine.
In "The Visa" she and Jerry anger Pakistani immigrant Babu Bhatt after she fails to notice Babu's visa application among Jerry's mail that she's picking up for him.
Elaine has had run-ins with her coworker Peggy on a few occasions. In "The Susie", Peggy tells Elaine, who she thinks is a woman named Susie, that Elaine is a "dolt" and "disaster." Later, in "The Apology", Peggy thinks Elaine has germs, and in retaliation Elaine intentionally coughs on Peggy's doorknob, rubs her stapler in her armpit and keyboard on her backside.
Also in "The Susie", we learn of a woman named Sharon for whom Elaine doesn't seem to care. Elaine describes Sharon as a "pom-pom-wavin' Backseat Bimbo" who grew up to be a "bulimic, chain-smoking, stenographer from Staten Island."
Elaine makes a particular enemy of Chinese restaurants on no fewer than 4 different occasions. In "The Chinese Restaurant", she makes a fool of herself when she tries to bribe the waiter to get her a table faster. Then in "The Race", she gets "blacklisted" from a Chinese delivery restaurant for refusing food delivery, also getting her Communist boyfriend blacklisted as well. Finally, in "The Pothole", she pretends to live in a custodian's closet in a different apartment so that she can live in the delivery zone of a certain Chinese restaurant. A Chinese deliveryman named Ping also once sued her for causing him to get in a bike crash in "The Virgin". This storyline falls out in "The Visa" and is left unresolved.
In "The Package", it's revealed that Elaine's medical charts characterize her as a "difficult" patient, to such a degree that she can't receive treatment for a rash because one doctor after another refuses to treat her.
Insecurities
In "The Andrea Doria", Elaine dates Alan, a "bad breaker-upper", who makes her feel insecure about having a big head. In the episode she describes herself as a "walking candy apple" after a bird runs into her "giant, freak head."
In "The Smelly Car", Elaine repulses her boyfriend Carl when her hair stinks of BO from riding in Jerry's car. She goes to extreme lengths to get the smell out but nothing works, and he continues to be grossed out.
In "The Postponement", Elaine confides in a rabbi that she's jealous of George's engagement to Susan Ross because George would be getting married before her and she considers George a loser. The Rabbi proceeds to tell everybody in Elaine's apartment complex and later on his cable TV show about her insecurity.
Influence/effect on others
Elaine's charm and confidence contribute to her ability to influence others, often with disastrous consequences.
In "The Chinese Woman", Jerry describes how Elaine has had a destructive effect on her relationship with her friend Noreen. It's revealed that over the course of their friendship, Elaine has convinced Noreen to join and go AWOL from the army and dump her "high-" and "long-talker" boyfriends. Eventually, Kramer steps in and forbids Elaine to have any more contact with Noreen.
In "The Muffin Tops", Elaine convinces her ex-boss Mr. Lippman to start his own business selling just "muffin tops". However, they soon run into problems when no one will take the leftover stumps, and only by calling in "The Cleaner" (who turns out to be Newman) can they get rid of them.
In "The Non-Fat Yogurt", Elaine suggests to Lloyd Braun, an advisor to Dave Dinkins, that everybody in the city should wear name tags. Lloyd Braun suggests this idea to Mayor Dinkins, who likes it so much that he adds it to his campaign, subsequently leading to his loss in the mayoral elections. In "The Gum", it's revealed that Lloyd Braun also loses his job and later had a mad fit.
In "The Pilot," Russell Dalrymple's love for Elaine drives him to the point near the end of the show that he joins Greenpeace just to impress her and dies in the aftermath.
Physical moments
She often shoves a person and yells "get out!" whenever she hears good news. It first appeared in "The Apartment" and goes on like a normal push. By "The Engagement", the show ramps it up as the tone of the humor changes, which lets Elaine really shove a person into another room for comic effect, most memorably "The Engagement" with Jerry and "The Soup Nazi" with Kramer. Also, the most memorable moment is in "The Bizarro Jerry": she shoves Kevin to the ground, helping end her friendship with the bizarro group.
She's a breathtakingly poor dancer. Her performance at a J. Peterman company party, the central plot theme of "The Little Kicks", causes George to describe it as "a full-bodied dry heave set to music." The moves are repeated in her bedroom in a short scene of "The Slicer". Both clips appear in "The Clip Show, Pt. 1".
In "The Doodle", she holds her breath looking for the manuscript she was meant to read and memorize for her appointment.
Elaines favorite song is Witchy Woman by The Eagles
Elaine does not appear in "The Seinfeld Chronicles". She is also absent from "The Trip", and has minimal roles in "The Pitch", "The Ticket" and "The Butter Shave" due to Louis-Dreyfus' maternity leave, making her the most absent of the 4 main characters.
Julia Louis-Dreyfus' pregnancy is notable in Seasons 3 and 8. In production order, she hides her baby bump in some subtle ways like putting a pillow over her stomach when she sat down. Her stomach is noticeable from "The Subway" to "The Keys" in Season 3 and "The Pothole" to "The Summer of George" in Season 8. The character of CC Babcock would later reference it on The Nanny, and mentions seeing an episode where Elaine is "12 months pregnant" and trying to hide it with a large handbag, while CC's portrayer, Lauren Lane, was doing exactly the same thing since she was also pregnant herself.
Elaine's hairstyle changed in Season 7 and remained so for the rest of the series.
Patricia Heaton, Megan Mullally and Rosie O'Donnell also auditioned for the part, and when it was offered to Louis-Dreyfus she wasn't sure if she should accept.
Louis-Dreyfus reprised her role while hosting an episode of Saturday Night Live in its 41st season. In the context of a Democratic debate taking place in the Bronx, moderator Wolf Blitzer announces that they will take questions from "long time New Yorkers". Benes first poses a question to Bernie Sanders, as portrayed by Seinfeld creator Larry David. The two engage in an exchange about saying "yada yada yada", reminiscent of George (who was based on David) and Elaine. Louis-Dreyfus also joined in as Elaine to deliver the show's signature line.
References
External links
Elaine on Seinfeldonline.com- Unofficial fan website.
Category:Seinfeld characters
Category:Fictional characters from Maryland
Category:Television characters introduced in 1990
Category:Fictional characters based on real people
Category:Fictional writers
Category:Female characters in television | {
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Caeca et Obdurata
Caeca et Obdurata Hebraeorum perfidia (named for its Latin incipit, meaning the blind and obdurate perfidy of the Hebrews) was a papal bull, promulgated by Pope Clement VIII on February 25, 1593, which expelled the Jews from the Papal States, effectively revoking the bull Christiana pietas (1586) of his predecessor Pope Sixtus V. Prior to 1586, Pope Pius V's bull Hebraeorum gens sola (1569) had restricted Jews in the Papal States to Rome and Ancona.
The bull was a culmination of Clement VIII's tightening of the anti-Jewish measures of his predecessors which began with his elevation to the papacy in 1592. The bull gave Jews three months to leave the Papal States (with the exception of Rome, Ancona, and the Comtat Venaissin of Avignon). The main effect of the bull was to evict Jews who had returned to areas of the Papal States (mainly Umbria) after 1586 (following their expulsion in 1569) and to expel Jewish communities from cities like Bologna (which had been incorporated under papal dominion since 1569).
For the Jews remaining within Rome, Ancona, or the Comtat Venaissin, the bull re-established mandatory weekly sermons. The bull also resulted in the relocation of Jewish cemeteries to Ferrara and Mantua.
The bull alleged that Jews in the Papal States had engaged in usury and exploited the hospitality of Clement VIII's predecessors "who, in order to lead them from their darkness to knowledge of the true faith, deemed it opportune to use the clemency of Christian piety towards them" (alluding to Christiana pietas).
Three days later, on February 28, Clement VIII promulgated Quum Hebraeorum malitia, decreeing that the Talmud should be burnt along with cabalistic works and commentaries, which gave the owners of such works 10 days to turn them over to the Universal Inquisition in Rome and subsequently two months to hand them over to local inquisitors.
Notes
Category:1593 in law
Category:1593 works
Category:Early Modern Christian anti-Judaism
Category:Papal States
Category:Christianity and law in the 16th century
Category:16th-century papal bulls
Category:Documents of Pope Clement VIII
Category:1593 in Christianity | {
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Mayor of Nairobi
The Mayor of Nairobi was the non-executive Nathan Wait, chin of Nairobi City Council in Nairobi, Kenya until the new constitution of 2010 which devolved government was enacted. The Mayor's office, officially the Mayor’s Palour, was located at City Hall Nairobi. The last mayor of Nairobi was George Aladwa of ODM, elected on 10 August 2011.
There was no Mayor of Nairobi from 1983 to 1992 because the City Council of Nairobi was replaced by the City Commission appointed by then president Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi. The City Council was restored after the multi-party elections of 1992. In the year 2013 the office of mayor ceased to exist since under the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 local governments were replaced by county governments.
The following is a list of the mayors of Nairobi from the time the city was a colonial town.
See also
Timeline of Nairobi
Sources
References
1.
2.
3. Norman Harris: From trusteeship to development: how class and gender complicated Kenya's housing policy, 1939–1963
4. Lady Gwladys (Gladys) Delamere:
Lady Gwladys (Gladys) Delamere
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nairobi
Mayors of Nairobi | {
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Play the Guitar
"Play the Guitar" is a song by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B, featuring fellow American rapper André 3000. The song, produced by Salaam Remi, samples "Bo Diddley" as performed by Bo Diddley as well as "Fancy" as performed by Drake, Swizz Beatz and T.I.. It was recorded for his second studio album, Strange Clouds (2012), however failed to make the final cut.
Background
Mack of Sound-Savvy was invited to the October 25th listening session at Tree Sound Studios. B.o.B played 8 songs from the album for a private audience, then sat down with Mack of Sound-Savvy to talk about the new album. One of the tracks premiered was "Play the Guitar", B.o.B’s ode to his instrument of choice. He describes the song as one that expresses his "love for music and love for the guitar".
The song features André 3000, who rarely does guest appearances for other artists. Of the song, B.o.B says: "I feel like it shows people that we are two different artists and we actually do sound different and have our own styles. Not to say that I wasn’t influenced by Outkast and Andre, but I feel like it’s a ‘pass-the-torch’ type of moment. He really gave me a lot of love on the feature and I’m looking forward to hearing what people have to say about it.”
The song's hook features a sample of T.I.’s verse from Drake’s ‘Fancy’. B.o.B. introduced this one with his origins on playing the guitar, which he picked up after urges from his brother.
When asked if it was T.I.'s line on "Fancy" that inspired the song, B.o.B responded: "I was in the studio with [producer] Salaam Remi and it seemed like it all came together at the same time. We were listening to an old Bo Diddley record and we were like, ‘let’s take this and put it in the club,’ because it has that classic guitar feel, and he was like ‘yeah man you play the guitar on it, we can add a guitar lick in there.’ Then I was like, ‘we should put the “feel good, play the guitar / feel good” and so we actually had to get [it]. We had Tip’s engineer send us over his verse [from the Drake song] and we chopped it up, and we put it in there. And the actual thing is, [Tip] went back and rerecorded it, with his voice. It really was a … I think it was meant to happen. And then Andre got on it, and that was great. Plus, the guitar solo [Andre] did was great. So it really came out the way we planned it, and structured it."
Music video
The music video was released on August 8, 2012. The video shows the Atlanta rapper - as well as other pixelated objects and words - represented as black-and-white dots. However Andre 3000, like most of his music videos as a featured artist, does not appear in the video.
Chart performance
The song debuted on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, on the week of January 14, 2012, at number 98.
Charts
Release history
References
Category:2011 singles
Category:B.o.B songs
Category:Songs written by B.o.B
Category:André 3000 songs
Category:Songs written by André 3000
Category:Song recordings produced by Salaam Remi
Category:Songs written by Salaam Remi
Category:Grand Hustle Records singles
Category:Atlantic Records singles | {
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1949 Gent–Wevelgem
The 1949 Gent–Wevelgem was the 11th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 3 April 1949. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Marcel Kint.
General classification
References
Category:Gent–Wevelgem
Category:1949 in road cycling
Category:1949 in Belgian sport | {
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Mukesh Rawal
Mukesh Rawal was an Indian actor. He worked in Hindi and Gujarati films and television shows.
Spouse - Mamta Rawal (Married 1992- Present)
Children- Mukta Rawal (Born - 28 September 1998)
Life
Mukesh Rawal was born in 1951 in Mumbai, India.
Rawal was well known for playing Vibhishana in Ramanand Sagar’s 1986 epic TV series Ramayan. He also acted in TV shows like Aaha, Hasratein and Beend Banoonga aur Ghodi Chadoonga.
He had acted in several Hindi films such as Zid (1994), Yeh Majhdhaar (1996), Lahoo Ke Do Rang (1997), Satta (2003), Auzaar (1997), Mrityudata (1997) and Kasak (2005). Rawal was prolific actor in Gujarati film industry and theatre. His last Gujarati film was Sathiyo Chalyo Khodaldham (2014). He last acted in Gujarati TV serial Nass Nass Mei Khunnas (2016).
He died in a train accident on 15 November 2016 in Kandivali, Mumbai.
References
External links
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Indian male film actors
Category:21st-century Indian male actors
Category:20th-century Indian male actors
Category:Male actors in Gujarati-language films
Category:1951 births
Category:Indian male television actors
Category:Railway accident deaths in India | {
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Glen Turner
Glen Turner (born 22 February 1979 in New Zealand) is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Melbourne Storm and Canberra Raiders. He played as a second row or lock. He also played for the Harman Demons cricket club. Playing 66 games has scored 2382 runs, a talented batsmen who has averaged 45 and has best bowling of 5/19.
Playing career
Turner is from the Canterbury Rugby League and was a Junior Kiwi in 1998. He played for the Linwood club.
Turner played for the Melbourne Storm between 2000 and 2006 before moving to the Canberra Raiders where he stayed until 2009. In December 2009 he confirmed that he was retiring from professional rugby league.
Since retirement he has served as the Raiders Welfare Officer.
References
Category:1979 births
Category:New Zealand rugby league players
Category:Melbourne Storm players
Category:Canberra Raiders players
Category:Riccarton Knights players
Category:Norths Devils players
Category:Junior Kiwis players
Category:Rugby league second-rows
Category:Rugby league locks
Category:Living people | {
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Bates Creek
Bates Creek is a stream in Washington County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Mine a Breton Creek.
The stream headwaters are at and its confluence with Mine a Breton Creek is at . Bates Creek source area lies south of Potosi and it flows north passing west of Potosi before turning northeast and passing under Missouri routes 8 and 185 just before joining the Mine a Breton just northwest of the city.
Bates Creek has the name of Moses Bates, proprietor of a local blast furnace.
See also
List of rivers of Missouri
References
Category:Rivers of Washington County, Missouri
Category:Rivers of Missouri | {
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Henry of Kalden
Henry of Kalden (; – after 1214) was a ministerialis in the service of the German kings Henry VI, Philip, Otto IV, and Frederick II.
Life
Henry probably was a son of the Franconian noble Henry III Testa of Pappenheim, Imperial marshal of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa. Historians have speculated whether Henry Testa and Henry of Kalden are one and the same person, though recent research tends to the assumption of a father-son relationship. They are also rated as the builders of Kaltenburg Castle, erected between 1150 and 1180.
The Pappenheim dynasty had held the hereditary marshal office since about 1100. Henry Testa was one of the leaders of the Third Crusade and is documented serving Emperor Frederick's son and successor Henry VI, while the latter was yet just King of the Romans, in his 1190/91 campaign to the Sicilian kingdom as his right by marriage to the Norman princess Constance. He participated in the unsuccessful siege of Naples, before intense summer heat, epidemics and supply shortages caused the Imperial troops to leave the siege early, and even Empress Constance was left behind and captured (released 1192). Henry Testa returned to Germany, and presumably died in 1191 at Monte Cassino.
Henry von Kalden succeeded his father as Imperial marshal in the service of Emperor Henry VI. In 1194, when Henry VI finally subdued the peninsula and could invade Sicily, his marshal was with him. Back in Germany, he spent Christmas 1195 with the emperor at the Imperial Palace of Hagenau. Henry of Kalden was again sent to Catania, where he and Markward von Annweiler defeated a large resistance army of Sicilian nobles in 1197, sacked the city and took captive its bishop. Henry was one of the leaders of the Crusade of 1197 and led the Imperial army to Acre in September, however, the German princes denied his authority and chose Duke Henry of Brabant as commander. Nevertheless, when the crusaders heard of Emperor Henry's death in Messina, they had to return to Germany in order to secure their hereditary estates.
Henry remained a loyal supporter of the Hohenstaufen dynasty and entered the service of Henry VI's brother and successor in Germany, Duke Philip of Swabia. In the throne quarrel with the Welf prince Otto IV, he aided Philip against the forces of Landgrave Hermann of Thuringia in 1204 and against the Cologne citizens in 1206, as well as in the negotiations with Pope Innocent III.
On 8 June 1208, however, Philip was murdered out of rage by the Bavarian count palatine Count Otto VIII of Wittelsbach. Henry of Kalden received permission from the Pope to track down and kill Otto to avenge his master's death. Granted, Henry killed him at Oberndorf, on the Danube, near Regensburg, and cut off his head. He nevertheless accepted the new circumstances and joined the side of the recently crowned Emperor Otto IV, whose closest advisor he became, arranging Otto's marriage with Philip's daughter Beatrice and moulding an aggressive Sicilian policy.
After the December 1212 coronation of Henry VI's son Frederick II, however, Otto's position worsened and the marshal returned to the Hohenstaufen fold. He is last documented in 1214 deeds.
Sources
Annales Casinenses. Translated by G. A. Loud.
Ottonis de Sancto Blasio Chronica. Translated by G. A. Loud.
Ryccardi di Sancto Germano Notarii Chronicon. Translated by G. A. Loud.
Norwich, John Julius. The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194. Longman: London, 1970.
Matthew, Donald. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge University Press: 1992.
Category:Marshals of Germany
Category:Christians of the Third Crusade | {
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Nova Institution for Women
Nova Institution for Women () is a Canadian federal prison for women in Truro, Nova Scotia. The facility, which handles different levels of offenders, can accommodate up to 70 inmates. Nova Institution opened in 1995.
The maximum security unit opened in 2002 or 2003.
Main programs at the institution include:
Living skills
Sex offender programs
Substance abuse treatment
The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is the federal government agency responsible for administering sentences of a term of two years or more.
Ashley Smith
Ashley Smith, a prisoner who later died after an apparent suicide attempt, was held at several CSC institutions including Nova Institution.
References
External links
Correctional Service of Canada Official Site: csc-scc.gc.ca
Category:Buildings and structures in Colchester County, Nova Scotia
Category:Correctional Service of Canada institutions
Category:Prisons in Nova Scotia
Category:Truro, Nova Scotia
Category:Women's prisons in Canada
Category:Women in Nova Scotia
Category:1995 establishments in Nova Scotia | {
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Nicolas J-L Pilon
Colonel Nicolas J-L Pilon , is a Canadian Army officer who has served as the Commandant of RMC Saint-Jean since August 9, 2019. Previously he served as the Commanding Officer of the 2nd Combat Engineer Regiment and served in Haiti as Chief of Staff of the United Nations Military Forces on the MINUSTAH Stabilization Mission. Due to his efforts in the MINUSTAH Stabilization Mission he was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal.
Nicolas J-L Pilon graduated with a Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering from the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston Ontario in 1996. He later obtained a Masters in Defense Studies from RMC and completed the Strategic Security and Defense Studies course from the Royal College of Defense Studies.
References
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian Army officers
Category:Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration
Category:Royal Military College of Canada alumni | {
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Claudio Vargas (footballer, born 1985)
Claudio Vargas fullname Claudio David Vargas Villalba (born 15 October 1985) is a Paraguayan footballer, who plays for Luqueño.
Career
He was on loan to Treviso in 2nd half of 2006-07 season, and Luqueño in 2nd half of 2007-08 season. On 8 January 2010, Atlético Tucumán signed the Paraguayan midfielder from Club Olimpia.
In 2011 play for Luqueño and play for 3 de Febrero.
In 2012 play for Luqueño.
External links
BDFA profile
Primera División Argentina statistics
Category:1985 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Asunción
Category:Paraguayan footballers
Category:Udinese Calcio players
Category:A.C.D. Treviso players
Category:Sportivo Luqueño players
Category:Club Olimpia footballers
Category:Atlético Tucumán footballers
Category:3 de Febrero players
Category:Paraguayan Primera División players
Category:Serie A players
Category:Serie B players
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Category:Paraguayan expatriates in Italy
Category:Expatriate footballers in Italy | {
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Nevadopalpa striata
Nevadopalpa striata is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1998. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.
References
Category:Nevadopalpa
Category:Moths described in 1998 | {
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Wankarani culture
The Wankarani culture was a formative stage culture that existed from approximately 1500 BC to 400 AD on the altiplano highlands of Bolivia's Oruro Department to the north and northeast of Lake Poopo. It is the earliest known sedentary culture in Bolivia, as after circa 1200 BC camelid hunters of the altiplano became camelid herders and sedentary lifestyle developed. The Wankarani culture was little researched before 1970, when Carlos Ponce Sanginés defined all the mound sites in the area as belonging to one culture that predated Tiwanaku and was contemporary with the Chiripa culture.
Description
Wankarani villages typically consisted of fifteen to five hundred houses. Over the centuries, remains of the adobe bricks and trash created small mounds, on which new houses were built. The dead were buried under the floor of the huts. Wankarani houses were small, round adobe huts painted red on the outside and yellow on the inside. Some villages had up to 4000 inhabitants, but the majority of villages had less than hundred people. A site near the Chuquiña village has been considered as one of the largest Wankarani villages. Some of the settlement mounds grew to in height and indicate that village life changed very little during this time, as Wankarani society did not advance into larger chiefdoms or a small state, yet formed independent village communities. The usual location of villages at the base of the hills, absence of village walls and minimal remains of weapons suggest that it was a peaceful society.
Wankarani economy was based on herding llamas and alpacas, cultivation of potatoes, quinoa and qañiwa. The harsh climate and low rainfall meant that Wankarani economy remained at subsistence levels of natural farming and small regional trade. Copper smelting was known to Wankarani as remains of smelters have been found. Artisans also made small stone heads sculpted after the llamas and alpacas. Wankarani pottery was undecorated, making it hard to understand the visual style of this culture.
Wankarani culture ended as it was incorporated into the growing and expanding Tiwanaku empire.
Contemporary cultures
In northern Chile and neighbouring areas of Peru and Bolivia, early ceramics started to appear during the 'Faldas del Morro' and subsequent 'Alto Ramírez' cultural phases, which are roughly contemporary with Wankarani culture. The Alto Ramírez phase dates to 1000 BC-400 AD.
The Alto Ramirez phase seems to have been contemporaneous with Pukara and other Lake Titicaca Basin societies of the andean Early Intermediate Period, such as Qaluyu, Chiripa, Pukara, Wankarani and Early Tiwanaku.
See also
Chinchorro culture
Pre-Columbian Bolivia
Prehispanic history of Chile
References
Category:History of Bolivia
Category:Archaeological sites in Bolivia
Category:Pre-Columbian cultures
Category:Pre-Columbian archaeological sites
Category:Andean civilizations
Category:Archaeological cultures of South America | {
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Aethalida banggaiensis
Aethalida banggaiensis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Nieuwenhuis in 1948. It is found on Banggai Island.
References
Category:Moths described in 1948
Category:Spilosomina
Category:Moths of Indonesia | {
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The Cycle Is Complete
The Cycle Is Complete is debut and only full-length studio album by the Canadian musician Bruce Palmer, released on September 4, 1970 by Verve Forecast. The album was re-issued on CD by Collectors' Choice in 2003. Because of issues with the original masters, the music on the re-release was significantly remixed and content from alternate takes was used to replace some of the original music, especially on "Alpha - Omega - Apocalypse".
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from The Cycle Is Complete liner notes.
Musicians
Richard Aplanalp – oboe, flute
Rick James – vocals, percussion
Jeff Kaplan – piano
Paul Lagos – drums
Bruce Palmer – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass guitar, production
Templeton Parcely – violin
Danny Ray – congas
Ed Roth – organ
Production and additional personnel
Ed Caraeff – photography
Don Hall – production
Dave Hassinger – engineering
Release history
References
External links
Category:1970 debut albums
Category:Verve Forecast Records albums | {
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Party leaders of the Senate of Puerto Rico
The Senate of Puerto Rico Majority and Minority Leaders are Puerto Rican Senators who are elected by the party conferences that hold the majority and the minorities respectively. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for their parties and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. By rule, the Presiding Officer gives the Majority Leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. The Majority Leader customarily serves as the chief representative of his or her party in Senate.
Current floor leaders
The Senate is currently composed of 18 senators from the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), 8 senators from the New Progressive Party (PNP) and one senator from the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP).
The incumbent floor leaders are PPD Majority Leader Aníbal José Torres and PNP Minority Leader Larry Seilhamer.
List of party leaders
The "Majority" column indicates which party was the majority in the Senate, while the opposing column indicates the minority. The PIP is usually a minority.
See also
Assistant party leaders of the Senate of Puerto Rico
References
Category:Officers of the Senate of Puerto Rico
P | {
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Syntomodrillia tantula
Syntomodrillia tantula is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Drilliidae.
The secondary junior homonym Syntomodrillia tantula Bartsch, P., 1934 is considered by Fallon a synonym of Syntomodrillia portoricana Fallon, P.J., 2016
Description
Distribution
This extinct species was found in Mississippi, USA
References
Conrad, Timothy Abbot. Observations on the Eocene Formation, and Descriptions of One Hundred and Five New Fossils of that Period, from the Vicinity of Vicksburg, Mississippi: With an Appendix. 1848.
External links
Smith, E.A. (1888) Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 6, 2, 300–317
Fallon P.J. (2016). Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species. Zootaxa. 4090(1): 1-363
tantula | {
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Background of the Greek War of Independence
The Fall of Constantinople in 1453 and the subsequent fall of the successor states of the Eastern Roman Empire marked the end of Byzantine sovereignty. Since then, the Ottoman Empire ruled the Balkans and Anatolia, although there were some exceptions: the Ionian Islands were under Venetian rule, and Ottoman authority was challenged in mountainous areas, such as Agrafa, Sfakia, Souli, Himara and the Mani Peninsula. Orthodox Christians were granted some political rights under Ottoman rule, but they were considered inferior subjects. The majority of Greeks were called rayas by the Turks, a name that referred to the large mass of subjects in the Ottoman ruling class. Meanwhile, Greek intellectuals and humanists who had migrated west before or during the Ottoman invasions began to compose orations and treatises calling for the liberation of their homeland. In 1463, Demetrius Chalcondyles called on Venice and “all of the Latins” to aid the Greeks against the Ottomans, he composed orations and treatises calling for the liberation of Greece from what he called “the abominable, monstrous, and impious barbarian Turks.” In the 17th century, Greek scholar Leonardos Philaras spent much of his career in persuading Western European intellectuals to support Greek independence. However, Greece was to remain under Ottoman rule for several more centuries. In the 18th and 19th century, as revolutionary nationalism grew across Europe—including the Balkans (due, in large part, to the influence of the French Revolution)—the Ottoman Empire's power declined and Greek nationalism began to assert itself, with the Greek cause beginning to draw support not only from the large Greek merchant diaspora in both Western Europe and Russia but also from Western European Philhellenes. This Greek movement for independence, was not only the first movement of national character in Eastern Europe, but also the first one in a non-Christian environment, like the Ottoman Empire.
Greeks under Ottoman rule
The Greek Revolution was not an isolated event; numerous failed attempts at regaining independence took place throughout the history of the Ottoman era. In 1603, there was an attempt in Morea to restore the Byzantine Empire. Throughout the 17th century there was great resistance to the Ottomans in the Peloponnese and elsewhere, as evidenced by revolts led by Dionysius the Philosopher in 1600 and 1611 in Epirus. The Ottoman rule of Morea was interrupted by the Morean War, as the peninsula came under Venetian rule for 30 years. Between the 1680s and the Ottoman reconquest in 1715 during the Ottoman–Venetian War, the province would remain in turmoil from then on and throughout the 17th century, as the bands of the klephts multiplied. The first great uprising was the Russian-sponsored Orlov Revolt of the 1770s, which was crushed by the Ottomans after having limited success. After the crushing of the uprising, the Muslim Albanians ravaged many regions in mainland Greece. However, the Maniots continually resisted Turkish rule, enjoying virtual autonomy and defeating several Turkish incursions into their region, the most famous of which was the invasion of 1770. During the second Russo-Turkish War, the Greek community of Trieste financed a small fleet under Lambros Katsonis, which was a nuisance for the Turkish navy; during the war klephts and armatoloi rose once again.
At the same time, a number of Greeks enjoyed a privileged position in the Ottoman state as members of the Ottoman bureaucracy. Greeks controlled the affairs of the Orthodox Church through the Ecumenical Patriarchate, based in Constantinople, as the higher clergy of the Orthodox Church was mostly of Greek origin. Thus, as a result of the Ottoman millet system, the predominantly Greek hierarchy of the Patriarchate enjoyed control over the Empire's Orthodox subjects (the Rum milleti). Modern scholars assert that the Greek Orthodox Church played a pivotal role in the preservation of national identity, the development of Greek society and the resurgence of Greek nationalism. From the 18th century and onwards, members of prominent Greek families in Constantinople, known as Phanariotes (after the Phanar district of the city) gained considerable control over Turkish foreign policy and eventually over the bureaucracy as a whole.
Of considerable importance during the same period was the strong maritime tradition on the islands of the Aegean, together with the emergence over the 18th century of an influential merchant class, which generated the wealth necessary to found schools, libraries and pay for young Greeks to study at the universities of Western Europe. It was there that they came into contact with the radical ideas of the European Enlightenment, the French Revolution and romantic nationalism. They also came to realize the influence of the Greek language and civilization in the thought of the educated young people of the time. Educated and influential members of the large Greek diaspora, such as Adamantios Korais and Anthimos Gazis, tried to transmit these ideas back to the Greeks, with the double aim of raising their educational level and simultaneously strengthening their national identity. This was achieved through the dissemination of books, pamphlets and other writings in Greek, in a process that has been described as the modern Greek Enlightenment (Greek: Διαφωτισμός). The rich merchants had a very important role in this, greatly funding, aside from schools and libraries, book publications. A constantly increasing number of books were being published, especially addressed to Greek audience. The books published in the last fourth of the 18th century, were seven times as many as those published in the first. In the twenty years before the revolution, some 1,300 new titles had been published.
The most influential of the writers and intellectuals who helped shape a consensus among Greeks both within and outside the Ottoman Empire was Rigas Feraios. Born in Thessaly and educated in Constantinople, Feraios wrote articles for the Greek-language newspaper Efimeris in Vienna in the 1790s. Deeply influenced by the French Revolution, he was the first who conceived and organized a comprehensive national movement aiming at the liberation of all Balkan nations—including the Turks of the region—and the creation of a "Balkan Republic". He published a series of revolutionary tracts and proposed republican Constitutions for the Greek and later also pan-Balkan Republic. Arrested by Austrian officials in Trieste in 1797, he was handed over to Ottoman officials and transported to Belgrade along with his co-conspirators. All of them were strangled to death and their bodies were dumped in the Danube, in June 1798. Feraios' death ultimately fanned the flames of Greek nationalism; his nationalist poem, the Thourios (war-song), was translated into a number of Western European and later Balkan languages and served as a rallying cry for Greeks against Ottoman rule:
Greek
[...]
English
For how long, o brave young men, shall we live in fastnesses,
Alone, like lions, on the ridges in the mountains?
Shall we dwell in caves, looking out on branches,
Fleeing from the world on account of bitter serfdom?
Abandoning brothers, sisters, parents, homeland
Friends, children, and all of our kin?
[...]
Better one hour of free life,
Than forty years of slavery and prison.Klephts and armatoloi
In times of militarily weak central authority, the Balkan countryside became infested by groups of bandits that struck at Muslims and Christians alike, called klephts (κλέφτες) in Greek, the equivalent of Hajduks. Defying Ottoman rule, the klephts were highly admired and held a significant place in the popular mythology. Responding to the klephts' attacks, the Ottomans recruited the ablest amongst these groups, contracting Christian militias, known as armatoloi (Greek: αρματολοί), to secure endangered areas, especially mountain passes. The area under their control was called armatolik, the oldest known being established in Agrafa during the reign of Murad II.
Boundaries between klephts and armatoloi were not clear, as the latter would often turn into klephts to extort more benefits from the authorities, and, consequently, another klepht group would be appointed to the armatolik to confront their predecessors.
Nevertheless, klephts and armatoloi formed a provincial elite, though not a social class whose members would muster under a common goal. As the armatoloi's position gradually turned into a hereditary one, some captains took care of their armatolik as their personal property. A great deal of power was placed in their hands and they integrated in the network of clientelist relationships that formed the Ottoman administration. Some managed to establish exclusive control in their armatolik, forcing the Porte to repeatedly, though unsuccessfully, try to eliminate them. By the time of the War of Independence powerful armatoloi could be traced in Rumeli, modern Thessaly, Epirus and southern Macedonia. According to Yannis Makriyannis, klephts and armatoloi—being the only available major military formation on the side of the Greeks—played such a crucial role in the Greek revolution that he referred to them as the "yeast of liberty".
Filiki Eteria
Feraios' martyrdom was to inspire three young Greek merchants, Nikolaos Skoufas, Manolis Xanthos, and Athanasios Tsakalov. Influenced by the Italian Carbonari (organized in the fashion of Freemasonry), they founded in 1814 the secret Filiki Eteria ("Friendly Society") in Odessa, an important center of the Greek mercantile diaspora. With the support of wealthy Greek exile communities in Britain and the United States and with the aid of sympathizers in Western Europe, they planned the rebellion. The society's basic objective was a revival of the Byzantine Empire, with Constantinople as the capital, not the formation of a national state. In early 1820, Ioannis Kapodistrias, an official from the Ionian Islands who had become the joint foreign minister of Tsar Alexander I, was approached by the Society in order to be named leader but declined the offer; the Filikoi (members of Filiki Eteria) then turned to Alexander Ypsilantis, a Phanariote serving in the Russian army as general and adjutant to Alexander, who accepted.
The Filiki Eteria expanded rapidly and was soon able to recruit members in all areas of the Greek world and among all elements of the Greek society. In 1821, the Ottoman Empire mainly faced the war against Persia and most particularly the revolt by Ali Pasha in Epirus, which had forced the vali (governor) of the Morea, Hursid Pasha, and other local pashas to leave their provinces and campaign against the rebel force. At the same time, the Great Powers, allied in the "Concert of Europe" in opposition to revolutions in the aftermath of Napoleon I of France, were preoccupied with revolts in Italy and Spain. It was in this context that the Greeks judged the time ripe for their own revolt. The plan originally involved uprisings in three places, the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities and Constantinople.
Citations
Sources
Primary sources
Makriyannis, Yannis, Memoirs''. See the original Greek text in Βικιθήκη.
Secondary sources
Background | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Lydia Elizabeth Hall
Lydia Elizabeth Hall (or Lyda Hall; 1864 – 15 May 1916) was a Canadian Methodist evangelist.
Early years
Lydia Elizabeth Hall was born in Eramosa Township, Upper Canada in 1864.
She was the second of the three daughters of Joseph Hall and Ann Duggan, a Methodist family.
Her father died sometime before 1871, and her mother married George Wrigglesworth en Rollingstones, a widowed farmer in Halton County.
The family moved to Georgetown after Wrigglesworth retired from farming, where Lydia and her older sister Margaret made ladies hats.
Around 1883 the family moved to Guelph.
In April 1885 Hall attended evangelistic services conducted by David Savage in the Norfolk Street Methodist Church in Guelph, where Savage was accompanied by a "praying band" of twelve young men whom he had trained and supervised. Within a year Hall had joined one of Savage's bands.
In the fall of 1886 she and a male evangelist accompanied Savage on the trip to Quebec's Eastern Townships.
In 1887 Savage paired up Hall and Sadie Williams of Tottenham as a team to assist congregations that asked for help.
Hall and Williams, both from farming backgrounds, worked together in Marsville, Ontario in the fall of 1887.
At the time Hall was aged about twenty-two and Williams about twenty-six.
Shortly after this Williams began to work alone, both preaching and leading the song service, and Hall was joined by her younger sister Annie Hall.
Evangelist
The Hall sisters began touring Methodist churches in southern Ontario, where they typically held nightly revival services for a two-week period, sometimes for as long as a month.
Often the services began with song. The Christian Guardian compared their songs to "eloquent sermons".
Lyda was the stronger preacher, while her sister had a talent for persuading members of the congregation to stay after the service for the inquiry meeting that followed.
In these meetings the sisters tried to lead the seekers to salvation with "exemplary tact and sanctified common sense ... equal to any emergency".
In the spring of 1895 they were invited to conduct services in Guelph.
As their reputation grew the Hall sisters were asked to travel further to visit larger churches in Hamilton, Toronto and the United States.
Most but not all of the churches were Methodist.
By the end of 1900 the Hall sisters had featured in reports by the Christian Guardian of more than fifty revivals.
The actual number they had led was probably much greater.
Lyda and Annie Hall were not ordained as ministers, since that was not the practice of the Methodist church, but depended on invitations from male ministers who asked for their help.
They did not have a set fee, but would receive a "thank offering" from the congregation after each service.
They had a home in Guelph, shared with their mother, who died in 1902 and their stepfather, who died in 1898.
In the summer of 1907 Lyda became paralyzed.
She lived as an invalid until 15 May 1916 when she died of heart disease in Guelph, Ontario.
References
Sources
Category:1864 births
Category:1916 deaths
Category:Canadian evangelists
Category:Canadian Methodists
Category:People from Wellington County, Ontario
Category:Women evangelists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Let's Build Something to Break
Let's Build Something to Break is the debut full-length album by American rock band, After Midnight Project. It was released on August 11, 2009 through Universal Motown. The album was produced by renowned producer and Goldfinger frontman, John Feldmann.
"Take Me Home" is the first single off the album. That track, along with "The Real Thing" and "The Becoming," were previously released on their EP The Becoming. "Take Me Home" was also featured during the end credits of the 2006 video game Prey.
Track listing
All tracks written by Jason Evigan except where noted
"Backlit Medley" – 3:43
"The Becoming" – 3:32
"Scream For You" – 3:07
"Take Me Home" – 3:45
"More to Live For" – 3:49
"Gone Too Long" – 4:15
"Hollywood" – 3:02
"The Real Thing" – 3:50 (Jason Evigan and John Feldmann)
"Come On Come On" – 2:57 (Jason Evigan and Spencer Bastian)
"Fighting My Way Back" – 4:09 (Jason Evigan and Zac Maloy)
"The Criminal" – 5:11 (Jason Evigan and John Feldmann)
Personnel
Jason Evigan - vocals, piano, guitar, bozouki
Spencer Bastian - guitar
Danny Morris - drums
TJ Armstrong - bass, vocals
Christian Meadows - guitar
Additional musicians
John Feldmann – percussion
Matt Appleton – guitar ("Gone Too Long"); trumpet, trombone, baritone sax, ukulele ("The Criminal")
Kyle Moorman – guitar ("The Real Thing," "Backlit Medley")
Jon Nicholson – big drums ("The Real Thing," "Take Me Home")
Justin Rubinstein – accordion ("The Criminal")
John Feldmann, Matt Appleton, Spencer Bastian, Andrew Clore, Amy Feldmann, Victoria Janzen, Christian Paul Meadows, Danny Morris, Jess Neilson - additional vocals
References
Category:2009 albums
Category:After Midnight Project albums
Category:Albums produced by John Feldmann | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Police Helicopter Unit of North Macedonia
The Helicopter unit (Macedonian: Хеликоптерска единица) is an air support unit of the Macedonian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Its purpose it to provide aerial surveillance, border monitoring, VIP transport, medevac, search and rescue, and aerial firefighting.
Helicopters
Current
Former
Agusta Bell 206A JetRanger II
MI-17B
See also
Macedonian Police
References
Category:Government agencies of North Macedonia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dicot (band)
Dicot is a Japanese musical duo. The members, Shino and Kana, both grew up in Fukuoka Prefecture and met at Fukuoka Women's Junior College in 1997 as first-year students. They quickly became good friends, decided to form a musical group, and before long they debuted in 2001 with Sony Music Entertainment Japan.
Dicot announced that they would break up in March 2004 due to creative differences, but the two are still good friends. Perhaps their biggest accomplishment was performing the opening theme for the anime Super GALS! Kotobuki Ran, called "A-I-TSU (ア★イ★ツ)".
Members
Kana Hayase (はやせ 花奈) - born July 18, 1979. From Fukuoka Prefecture. Since leaving dicot, she has been pursuing a career as a solo artist.
Shino (しの) - born December 12, 1979. From Fukuoka Prefecture.
Discography
Singles
A-I-TSU (ア★イ★ツ) (released 2001.4.25)
A-I-TSU (ア★イ★ツ)
Era Kokyū (えら呼吸)
Haru Ki-iro no Naka de... (春黄色の中で・・・)
A-I-TSU (karaoke)
Hakka Drop (ハッカドロップ) (released 2001.7.4)
Hakka Drop (ハッカドロップ)
Hakka Drop: Shōrinji Kenpō version (ハッカドロップ -少林寺拳法バージョン-)
Shichigatsu Hatsuka no Sora no Shita no Boku no Kimochi: Soshite Oka no Ue no Kirari to Kagayaku Hoshi wo Mite Anata ha Dou Omou Kashira? (7月20日の空の下の僕の気持ち～そして丘の上のキラリと輝く星を見てあなたはどう思うカシラ？～)
Hakka Drop (karaoke)
Hitoribocchi (一人ぽっち) (released 2002.2.27)
Hitoribocchi (一人ぽっち)
Mutenka no Australopithecus (無添加のアウストラロピテクス)
Yowamushi (弱虫)
Nijūgokaime no Natsu (二十五回目の夏) (released 2002.8.21)
Nijūgokaime no Natsu (二十五回目の夏)
To Aru Hirusagari (とある昼下がり)
Yasuminasai tto... (休みなさいっと・・・)
Nijūgokaime no Natsu (karaoke)
Taiyō ga Kureta Kisetsu (太陽がくれた季節) (released 2004.7.7)
Taiyō ga Kureta Kisetsu (太陽がくれた季節)
Ano Subarashii Ai wo Mō Ichido (あの素晴らしい愛をもう一度)
Albums
Dicot (released 2000.2.15) - indies mini album
Dekoboko no Jinsei (凸凹の人生)
Hakka (はっか)
Ekichō Osusume no Uta (駅長おすすめの唄)
Hin (貧)
Tamanegi (たまねぎ)
Asu ni Mukatte Ikimashō (明日に向かっていきましょう) (released 2003.9.10)
A-I-TSU: album mix (ア★イ★ツ)
Taiyō ga Kureta Kisetsu (太陽がくれた季節)
Hitoribocchi (一人ぽっち)
I Am Kajū ga 100% (I am 果汁が100%)
Hakka Drop (ハッカドロップ)
Memeshikute (めめしくて)
Asu ni Mukatte Ikimashō (明日に向かっていきましょう)
Kenka Jōtō (喧嘩上等)
Nijūgokaime no Natsu (二十五回目の夏)
Ano Subarashii Ai wo Mō Ichido (あの素晴らしい愛をもう一度)
Yoroshiku (よろしく)
Saru no Koigokoro -live version- (サルの恋心)
Compilations
Girls Style (1) - 21st Century New Power Hen (released 2001.9.19)
11. A-I-TSU (ア★イ★ツ)
External links
Dicot @ Sony Music Japan
Category:Japanese pop music groups
Category:Musical groups established in 2001
Category:Musical groups from Fukuoka Prefecture | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Communauté de communes du Carrefour des Quatre Provinces
The communauté de communes du Carrefour des Quatre Provinces was created on December 28, 1998 and is located in the Creuse département of the Limousin region of central France. It was merged into the new Communauté de communes Creuse Confluence in January 2017.
It comprised the following 14 communes:
Blaudeix
La Celle-sous-Gouzon
Domeyrot
Gouzon
Jarnages
Parsac
Pierrefitte
Pionnat
Rimondeix
Saint-Julien-le-Châtel
Saint-Loup
Saint-Silvain-sous-Toulx
Trois-Fonds
Vigeville
Notes
This article is based on the equivalent article from the French Wikipedia, consulted on September 12, 2008.
Carrefour des Quatre Provinces | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Chorismate lyase
In enzymology, a chorismate lyase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
chorismate 4-hydroxybenzoate + pyruvate
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, chorismate, and two products, 4-hydroxybenzoate and pyruvate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is chorismate pyruvate-lyase (4-hydroxybenzoate-forming). Other names in common use include CL, CPL, and UbiC.
This enzyme catalyses the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis, the removal of pyruvate from chorismate, to yield 4-hydroxybenzoate in Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria. Its activity does not require metal cofactors.
Activity
Catalytic activity
Chorismate = 4HB + pyruvate
This enzyme has an optimum pH at 7.5
Enzymatic activity
Inhibited by:
Vanillate
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
3-carboxylmethylaminmethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4HB - ubiC is inhibited by the product of the reaction, which scientists believe serves as a control mechanism for the pathway
Pathway
The pathway used is called the ubiquinone biosynthesis pathway, it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ubiquinone in E. coli. Ubiquinone is a lipid-soluble electron-transporting coenzyme. They are essential electron carriers in prokaryotes and are essential in aerobic organisms to achieve ATP.
Nomenclature
There are several different names for chorismate lyase. it is also called chorismate pyruvate lyase (4-hydroxybenzoate-forming) and it is also abbreviated several different ways: CPL, CL, and ubiC. It is sometimes referred to as ubiC, because that is the gene name. This enzyme belongs to the class Lyases; more specifically the ox-acid-lyase or the carbon-carbon-lyases.
taxonomic lineage: bacteria → proteobacteria → gammaproteobacteria → enterobacteriales → enterobacteriaceae → escherichia → escherichia coli
Structure
This enzyme is a monomer. Its secondary structure contains helixes, turns, and beta strands.
It has a mass of 18,777 daltons
Its sequence is 165 amino acids long
Binding sites
position: 35(M)
position: 77(R)
position: 115(L)
Mutagenesis
position: 91- G → A; increases product inhibition by 40%. No effect on substrate affinity.
position: 156 - E → K; loss of activity
References
Further reading
Category:Protein families
Category:EC 4.1.3
Category:Enzymes of unknown structure | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1988 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships
The 1988 NCAA Division I Tennis Championships refer to one of two NCAA-sponsored events held during May 1988 to determine the national champions of men's and women's collegiate tennis in the United States:
1988 NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championships – the 42nd annual men's national championships held at the Dan Magill Tennis Complex at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia
1988 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships– the 7th annual women's national championships held at the Los Angeles Tennis Center at UCLA in Los Angeles, California
The men's and women's tournaments would not be held at the same site until 2006.
See also
NCAA Division II Tennis Championships (Men, Women)
NCAA Division III Tennis Championships (Men, Women)
References
External links
List of NCAA Men's Tennis Champions
List of NCAA Women's Tennis Champions
Category:NCAA Division I tennis championships
Ncaa Division I Tennis Championships | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Hovione
Hovione is a Portuguese company that produces active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and conducts drug product intermediates development and compliant manufacture. It has sites in the United States, Portugal, Ireland and China. The company provides a number of products and services to the pharmaceutical industry including separate or integrated API, pre-formulated compounds, particle engineering, formulation development and manufacturing. It also supports highly potent compounds and proprietary product development and licensing for drug products. It is also present in the inhalation area.
History
Hovione continues to be a privately held company with 5 plants - in Portugal (1969), Macao (1986), New Jersey (2001) expanded in 2016, Taizhou in mainland China (2008) and Cork, Ireland (2009) - have a total reactor capacity of 1300 m³ and 1100 people worldwide. Since Hovione started operations in 1959, the company has patented more than 100 innovative chemical processes and produced industrially over 45 different APIs. All Hovione sites have been successfully inspected either by FDA, European Medicines Agency or the PMDA Japanese agency.
Hovione is a major source of semi-synthetic tetracyclines and corticosteroids, and is the largest independent supplier of contrast agents – these three families of compounds make up most of its generic product portfolio. The other half of the business focuses on exclusive projects:
Development and manufacture of innovator APIs
Particle Engineering: manipulations of physical properties of APIs, polymeric encapsulation
Development of formulations for pulmonary delivery
Research and development
Hovione has two R&D centers with a team of over 270 scientists, one in Portugal - Loures and another one in its facilities in New Jersey. Hovione has international partnerships, including with Cambrigde and MIT. In 2016, 7 PhDs were simultaneously running and it has launched a scientific program named "9oW", which challenges scientific and academic communities to help overcoming technological challenges. Also, Hovione is already the largest private employer of doctorates in Portugal (57 doctorates in Loures).
Strategy
Hovione was always present in the pharmaceutical industry offering products and services related to the development and manufacture of either a new chemical entity (NCE) for an exclusive contract manufacturing partner or an existing API for an off-patent product. In nowadays it is an integrated solution provider, from process chemistry to particle engineering to formulation, from very small scale to full commercial capacity and from preclinical to market. In the area of technologies, it has capabilities in spray drying (also for potent drugs), spray congealing, fluidized spray drying, aseptic spray drying, jet milling, controlled crystallization, microfluidization, continuous manufacturing, continuous tableting. And methodologies Quality by Design, process analytical technology (PAT), britest, lean, scale-up science, modeling. Hovione invested about $100 million in 2017 and plans to spend as much again this year and next. The plan over the next three years is to continue investing, especially in Portugal, where the firm will add 165 m3 of chemical synthesis capacity, a spray-dryer building, and a 1,200-m2 analytical lab.
References
External links
Hovione Website
Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Portugal
Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1959
Category:1959 establishments in Portugal
Category:Portuguese brands | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Wilmer Amina Carter High School
Wilmer Amina Carter High School is a high school located in Rialto, California, United States.
Organization
The school is managed by the Rialto Unified School District. It was named for American politician Wilmer Carter and was the first high school in the Inland Empire named after a living African-American woman. The school's mascot is a lion and consequently, the athletics teams are called 'Lions'.
History
School construction began in 2001 and the school opened (still unfinished) for the 2004-05 school year, with its first graduating class in 2005-06 school year.
References
External links
Category:High schools in San Bernardino County, California
Category:International Baccalaureate schools in California
Category:Public high schools in California
Category:2004 establishments in California
Category:Educational institutions established in 2004 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Erie to Pittsburgh Trail
The Erie to Pittsburgh Trail is a rail trail currently in development in Western Pennsylvania and Western New York. When completed the trail will stretch approximately 270 miles from Erie, Pennsylvania, to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It will connect to the Great Allegheny Passage and the C&O Canal to create 605 miles of continuous off-road trail from Erie, Pennsylvania, to Washington, D.C. It will also connect to the Erie Canal trail via the flat New York Bike Route 517 along Lake Erie.
The trail features two old railroad tunnels: the 2868-foot-long (874 m) Rockland Tunnel and the 3350-foot-long (1021 m) Kennerdell Tunnel. The Kennerdell Tunnel is one of the longest rail-to-trail converted tunnels in the United States, and the 10th longest bicycle/pedestrian tunnel in the world.
References
Category:Rail trails in Pennsylvania
Category:Rail trails in New York (state) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Silvio Szybisti
Silvio Szybisti (born 1 January 1962) is an Austrian ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
References
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:Austrian ice hockey players
Category:Olympic ice hockey players of Austria
Category:Ice hockey players at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Salzburg | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Boxxy
Boxxy is a character performed by American Internet celebrity, vlogger and voice actress Catherine "Catie" Wayne, known for her highly energetic vlogs. Her rise in popularity began in late 2008 and early 2009.
Her videos, under her YouTube account known as "boxxybabee", were initially made to be posted to her Gaia Online friends.
Career
Online work
In January 2008, Wayne recorded two videos addressing her friends on Gaia Online and uploaded them to YouTube under the alias boxxybabee. They were reposted to the site i-am-bored.com later in the year, and then eventually appeared on 4chan. Wayne responded to the popularity of her initial videos in a third video that was uploaded to her new YouTube channel, boxxybabee, in January 2009. The videos depict Wayne in heavy eyeliner rambling in an excitable stream of consciousness style about various topics and experiences.
The presence of the videos was divisive on 4chan, with factions claiming to either support or oppose Boxxy, leading to various flame wars and hacking incidents. This led to a denial-of-service attack on 4chan itself, shutting the site down for several hours. Participants went elsewhere, launching a "Twitter bomb" that May. On YouTube, the popular Boxxy channel was hacked and the source's identity outed. A number of spoofs, parody videos and remixes were posted throughout the web.
In March 2010, Urlesque named Boxxy number 104 on its list of "The 100 Most Iconic Internet Videos". She was left out of the top 100 list because her videos were relatively new at the time. In late 2010, Wayne began selling Boxxy items on eBay. On November 25, 2010, she uploaded an edited clip from the film Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope under the alias ANewHopeee. The original clip contained Princess Leia's holographic message to Obi-Wan Kenobi. Wayne replaced Princess Leia's speech with her own request for her fans' help in regaining access to her old account, boxxybabee.
On January 10, 2011, she posted a new, more introspective video onto a new YouTube account (ANewHopeee) in which she explains that Boxxy is a made-up character and that she acts. This video caused some discussions on its authenticity. On January 19, 2011, Boxxy was mentioned in a local Fox 11 report on Internet trolls.
On June 17, 2011, Wayne made a third YouTube account (Bodaciousboxxy) and continued uploading videos of herself. In this video she claims that the Boxxy in the video of January 2011 is not the real Boxxy, but a girl who looks a lot like her, who was supposedly hacked by a character named "Svetlana".
Other work
Between December 2013 and December 2014, Wayne was a host for the Animalist streaming series for Discovery Digital Networks.
In 2017, Wayne voiced the character Marsha for Disney XD's Billy Dilley's Super-Duper Subterranean Summer.
In 2018, Wayne lent her voice to BoxxyQuest: The Gathering Storm, an indie role-playing game satirizing various aspects of internet culture. She is credited with both conceptualization and voice-over work as the game's protagonist.
References
External links
Category:1992 births
Category:21st-century American actresses
Category:4chan phenomena
Category:American Internet celebrities
Category:American voice actresses
Category:Comedy YouTubers
Category:Internet memes
Category:Living people
Category:Viral videos | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nancy Hayfield
Nancy Hayfield is an author, editor, and publisher. In 1979, she graduated summa cum laude from Princeton University. Nancy Hayfield's first novel Cleaning House was published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux in 1980. In 1985, writing under her married name of Nancy Birnes, Hayfield published Cheaper and Better at Harper & Row (now HarperCollins) and was the host of a PBS show called Living Cheaper and Better. In 1990, she published Zap Crafts at Ten Speed Press, described in the Chicago Tribune as a "book of recreational fun"--"one of those oddities that is fun to thumb through." She was the editor of the McGraw-Hill Personal Computer Programming Encyclopedia in 1986 and 1989, the UFO Magazine UFO Encyclopedia in 2002. She was also the last editor-in-chief of UFO Magazine when that publication ceased publication. She is currently the editor-in-chief of Filament Books.
Cleaning House
Her first novel Cleaning House (1980) was widely reviewed. One of the two reviews in the New York Times called it "wildly funny."
References
External links
Category:20th-century American novelists
Category:American women novelists
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:American editors
Category:American publishers (people)
Category:20th-century American women writers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Erechtites minimus
Erechtites minimus, common names toothed fireweed and coastal burnweed, is a species of plant in the sunflower family. It is native to Australia (all 6 states) and New Zealand, and also naturalized on the Pacific Coast of the United States (Washington, Oregon, and California).
Description
Erechtites minimus is an annual or perennial herb up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall. Leaves are toothed but not pinnately lobed. One plant can produce as many as 200 yellow or purple flower heads, each with many small disc florets but no ray florets.
References
Category:Senecioneae
Category:Flora of Australia
Category:Flora of New Zealand
Category:Plants described in 1817 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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South Groveton, Texas
South Groveton is a town on the outskirts of Groveton in Trinity County, Texas. It was established around 1900. The population peaked at 1,000 in 1930 and declined to 175 people by the 1990s.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Trinity County, Texas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Texas | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
D-5-ZB-TV
D-5-ZB-TV is a commercial television station owned by GMA Network Inc.. The station's transmitter are located at Purok 3, Brgy. Buhangin, Baler, Aurora. This station is one of the few channels that continue to transmit GMA 7 programs from Manila alongside GMA 12 Batangas, GMA 10 Olongapo and GMA 7 Batanes.
References
See also
DZBB-TV
List of GMA Network stations
Category:Television channels and stations established in 1999
Category:GMA Network stations
Category:Television stations in Aurora (province) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2001 Clemson Tigers football team
The 2001 Clemson Tigers football team represented Clemson University in NCAA Division I-A college football during the 2001 season. Clemson competed as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).
The team was led by head coach Tommy Bowden. Brad Scott served as the offensive coordinator, and Reggie Herring served as the defensive coordinator.
The Tigers finished the season 7–5, 4–4 in ACC play and won the Humanitarian Bowl 49–24 against Louisiana Tech.
Schedule
Roster
References
Category:Clemson Tigers football seasons
Clemson
Category:Famous Idaho Potato Bowl champion seasons
Clemson | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Philippe Rühl
Philippe Jacques Rühl (3 May 1737 – 29/30 May 1795) was a German-French statesman during the French Revolution, best remembered as the doyen d'âge (oldest deputy) of the opening session of the Convention of 1792–1795.
Biography
Born in Strasbourg, a son of a Lutheran minister. He studied theology at the University of Strasbourg. He later served as director of gymnasium at Durckheim, Germany, then as a tutor at the princely court of Leiningen-Dachsburg (Linange-Hartenbourg). As court counselor, he participated in settling succession dispute with the Italian branch of the family.
French Revolution
With the advent of French Revolution, he returned to his native Alsace, where he became an administrator of the Département of Bas-Rhin under the new regime created by the National Assembly
He was elected (31 August 1791) as a representative of Bas-Rhin to the Legislative Assembly (1791–1792). He sat with the extreme left wing of the deputies and served as a deputy member of the Extraordinary Commission of Twelve (18 June 1792 – 21 September 1792).
Elected (4 September 1792) to the Convention (1792–1795) as a deputy for Bas-Rhin, he presided at the first session of the Convention as the oldest deputy present (20 September 1792). He continued to ally himself with the more radical section of deputies, joining the Montagnard faction. However, he was absent from the Convention during the trial of King Louis XVI. He would go on to serve a full term as President of the Convention from 6 March 1794 until 21 March 1794.
Rühl served as a member of the Committee of General Security (14 September 1793 – 31 August 1794). He was dispatched as Representative on a Mission to departments of Marne and Haute-Marne (16 September 1793 – 3 November 1793) to assist in arranging the levée en masse (military conscription). While on this mission he showed his revolutionary zeal by breaking the so-called Holy Ampulla (8 October 1793) – the Holy Ampulla had been a vessel containing the sacred oil for anointment of the French kings at Reims. He served in a second mission to Bas-Rhin (23 Nov 1793 – 8 Jan 1794) for organizing the district of Neu-Saarwerden.
Along with Robert Lindet of the Committee of Public Safety, he refused to sign the death warrant of Georges Danton in the spring of 1794.
Thermidor
Rühl was designated for yet another mission, this time to Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin, 24 July 1794, but did not depart until 1 August 1794, and so he was in Paris to witness the fall of Robespierre. He returned 25 August 1794.
He participated in the Revolt of 1 Prairial Year III (20 May 1795), addressing the insurgents with the words "Du pain et la Constitution de 1793!" ("Bread and Constitution of 1793!"). This action threatened the new conservative order, and he was threatened with indictment, but in the end was sentenced only to house arrest "in view of his advanced age" (he was 58). He was called before the military commission (28 May 1795) and committed suicide by stabbing himself with a dagger, a precursor of the "Martyrs of Prairial" (Romme, Goujon, Duquesnoy, Soubrany, Duroy, and Bourbotte).
External sources
Biography of Rühl, Philippe
Category:1737 births
Category:1795 deaths
Category:People from Strasbourg
Category:University of Strasbourg alumni
Category:Deputies to the French National Convention
Category:Suicides by sharp instrument in France
Category:French politicians who committed suicide
Category:Presidents of the National Convention
Category:Male suicides | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems
Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems (MEMOCS) is a half-yearly peer-reviewed scientific journal founded by the International Research Center for the Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems (M&MoCS) from Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, in Italy. It is published by Mathematical Sciences Publishers, and first issued in February 2013. The co-chairs of the editorial board are Francesco dell'Isola and Gilles Francfort, and chair managing editor is Martin Ostoja-Starzewski.
MEMOCS is indexed in Scopus, MathSciNet and Zentralblatt MATH.
It is open access, free of author charges (being supported by grants from academic institutions), and available in both printed and electronic forms.
Contents
MEMOCS publishes articles from diverse scientific fields with a specific emphasis on mechanics. Its contents rely on the application or development of rigorous mathematical methods.
The journal also publishes original research in related areas of mathematics of well-established applicability, such as variational methods, numerical methods, and optimization techniques, as well as papers focusing on and clarifying particular aspects of the history of mathematics and science.
Among the contributors are Graeme Milton, Geoffrey Grimmett, David Steigmann, Mario Pulvirenti and Lucio Russo.
References
External links
Editorial Board
International Research Center on Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems - M&MoCS
Category:Open access journals
Category:Mathematical Sciences Publishers academic journals
Category:Publications established in 2013
Category:Mathematics journals
Category:Physics journals
Category:Engineering journals
Category:History of science journals
Category:English-language journals
Category:Biannual journals | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Charles Harvey Dixon
Charles Harvey Dixon (1862 – 22 September 1923) was a British Conservative Party politician.
Early life and education
Born at Watlington, Oxfordshire, he was the son of Dr Henry Dixon, coroner for South Oxfordshire. Dixon transferred from Lord Weymouth's Grammar School, Warminster to Abingdon School in September 1878 and was at Abingdon until 1881.
Career
He unsuccessfully contested the Harborough constituency, Leicestershire, in 1900, 1904 (by-election) and 1906. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Boston at the January 1910 general election, but retired from Parliament when the constituency was abolished at the 1918 general election. He was again elected as MP for Rutland and Stamford at the general election in November 1922, sitting until his death in September 1923. His parliamentary interests were agriculture and finance.
He bought the Gunthorpe, Rutland estate from the Earl of Ancaster in 1906.
See also
List of Old Abingdonians
References
External links
See also
List of Old Abingdonians
Category:1862 births
Category:1923 deaths
Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Category:UK MPs 1910
Category:UK MPs 1910–1918
Category:UK MPs 1922–1923
Category:People educated at Abingdon School
Category:People educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
Category:People from Watlington, Oxfordshire | {
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Queen Elizabeth Park, British Columbia
Queen Elizabeth Park is a 130-acre municipal park located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on Little Mountain (British Columbia) (elevation approximately 152 metres or 500 feet above sea level). Its surface was scarred at the turn of the twentieth century when it was quarried for its rock, which served to build Vancouver's first roadways.
History
Before European settlement, the park was an old-growth forest and a spawning ground for salmon. Grey wolves, elk and bears would frequent the area. The settler population which began in earnest in the 1870s exterminated the grey wolves, elk and bears, chopped down all the old growth forest and paved over the salmon creeks. The salmon creeks that extend from Queen Elizabeth to False Creek do still exist today, but they have been paved over and are so polluted that salmon no longer use them. In 1930, the park's floral future was somewhat revealed when the BC Tulip Association suggested the notion of transforming the quarries into sunken gardens. By the end of that decade, the site had been turned over to the Vancouver Park Board for park and recreation purposes, and was dedicated as such by King George VI and his consort, Queen Elizabeth (the mother of Queen Elizabeth II) on their much lauded visit to Vancouver in 1939, as King and Queen of Canada. From that time, Park staff incrementally transformed the overgrown hillsides into Canada's first civic arboretum, with a generous donation from the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. The popular quarry gardens were designed by Park Board Deputy Superintendent Bill Livingstone and were unveiled in the early 1960s.
Prentice Bloedel's gift of $1.25 million funded the open reservoirs and built the country's first geodesic conservatory, which is surrounded by covered walkways, lighted fountains and a sculpture, Henry Moore's Knife Edge Two Piece 1962–65. The Bloedel Floral Conservatory opened on December 6, 1969 amidst much jubilation. Its enclosed tropical garden houses 500 exotic plants and flowers and more than a hundred free-flying tropical birds.
Attractions
There are several other attractions in the park including:
Arboretum
Celebration Pavilion
Bloedel Floral Conservatory
Fountains/Plaza
Quarry Gardens
Painters' Corner
Sculpture
Several episodes of the long running TV show Stargate SG-1 were filmed there.
Activities
Activities at Queen Elizabeth Park include:
Pitch and putt golf course
Little Mountain disc golf course
Tennis courts
Lawn bowling club
Tai Chi
Jogging
Notes
External links
City of Vancouver - Queen Elizabeth Park
1939 film footage of the park
Category:Arboreta in Canada
Category:Gardens in Canada
Category:Parks in Vancouver | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Otto Schreier
Otto Schreier (3 March 1901 in Vienna, Austria – 2 June 1929 in Hamburg, Germany) was a Jewish-Austrian mathematician who made major contributions in combinatorial group theory and in the topology of Lie groups.
Life
His parents were the architect Theodor Schreier (1873-1943) and his wife Anna (b. Turnau) (1878-1942). From 1920 Otto Schreier studied at the University of Vienna and took classes with Wilhelm Wirtinger, Philipp Furtwängler, Hans Hahn, Kurt Reidemeister, Leopold Vietoris, and Josef Lense. In 1923 he obtained his doctorate, under the supervision of Philipp Furtwängler, entitled On the expansion of groups (Über die Erweiterung von Gruppen). In 1926 he completed his habilitation with Emil Artin at the University of Hamburg (Die Untergruppen der freien Gruppe. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen Seminars der Universität Hamburg, Band 5, 1927, Seiten 172–179), where he had also given lectures before.
In 1928 he became a professor at the University of Rostock. He gave lectures in Hamburg and Rostock at the same time in the winter semester but fell seriously ill from sepsis in December 1928, of which he died six months later.
His daughter Irene was born a month after his death. His wife Edith (née Jakoby) and daughter were able to flee to the United States in January 1939. His daughter became a pianist and married the American mathematician Dana Scott (born 1932), whom she had met in Princeton. Otto Schreier's parents were murdered in the Theresienstadt concentration camp as part of the Holocaust.
Scientific contributions
Schreier was introduced to group theory by Kurt Reidemeister and first examined knot groups in 1924 following work by Max Dehn. His best-known work is his habilitation thesis on the subgroups of free groups, in which he generalizes the results of Reidemeister about normal subgroups. He proved that subgroups of free groups themselves are free, generalizing a theorem by Jakob Nielsen (1921).
In 1927 he showed that the topological fundamental group of a classical Lie group is abelian. In 1928 he improved Jordan-Hölder's theorem. With Emil Artin, he proved the Artin-Schreier theorem characterizing Real closed fields.
The Schreier conjecture of group theory states that the group of external automorphisms of any finite simple group can be resolved (the conjecture follows from the classification theorem of finite simple groups, which is generally accepted).
With Emanuel Sperner, he wrote an introductory textbook on linear algebra, which was well-known in German-speaking countries for a long time.
Significance of the Artin–Schreier theorem
According to Hans Zassenhaus:
Results and concepts named after Otto Schreier
Nielsen–Schreier theorem
Schreier refinement theorem
Artin–Schreier theorem
Schreier's subgroup lemma
Schreier–Sims algorithm
Schreier coset graph
Schreier conjecture
Schreier domain
References
External links
Category:1901 births
Category:1929 deaths
Category:20th-century mathematicians
Category:Austrian mathematicians
Category:Austrian Jews
Category:Group theorists
Category:Combinatorial group theory
Category:Austro-Hungarian mathematicians | {
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James G. Van Valkenburgh House
James G. Van Valkenburgh House is a historic home located at Chatham in Columbia County, New York. It was built in 1843 and is a Greek Revival–style residence. It is a large, 2-story, five-bay center-entrance, two-bay-deep, frame dwelling with a large -story service wing. The main entry features a single-story open porch with four fluted Doric order columns and a deep entablature. Also on the property are a garage, two barns, and a well house.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.
References
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Category:Greek Revival houses in New York (state)
Category:Houses completed in 1843
Category:Houses in Columbia County, New York
Category:1843 establishments in New York (state)
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Columbia County, New York | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Charlotte de Brézé
Charlotte de Brézé (c. 1446–1477), also known as Charlotte de Valois, was an illegitimate daughter of Charles VII of France by his mistress Agnès Sorel, one of three daughters born to the couple. Her sisters were Marie de Valois (1444–1473) and Jeanne de Valois (b. 1448), and she was a half-sibling of Louis XI of France.
Despite the circumstances of her birth, Charlotte was said to be a great favourite of Marie of Anjou, her father's wife. On March 1, 1462, Charlotte married Jacques de Brézé, seneschal of Normandy and comte de Maulévrier, an arranged and politically expedient match. From this marriage were born five children, including Louis de Brézé, who would go on to marry as his second wife Diane de Poitiers, herself a mistress of Henri II of France.
Charlotte was killed on the night of May 31/June 1, 1477, by her husband. He suspected her of having an affair with one of his huntsmen, Pierre de Lavergne. Charlotte was buried at the Benedictine abbey of Coulombs.
Further reading
Charlotte de Valois et Jacques de Brézé, chronique du XVe siecle (1844)
References
Sources
Category:1477 deaths
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:Illegitimate children of French monarchs
Category:15th-century French people
Category:15th-century French women
Category:1440s births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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IMAM Ro.63
The IMAM Ro.63 was an Italian STOL aircraft designed for short-range reconnaissance and light transport during World War II.
Development and design
Interest in a STOL aircraft was raised by the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch acquired from Germany, and in June 1939 the Regia Aeronautica asked Italian aircraft companies to design a similar machine (see below).
The IMAM Ro.63 was of mixed construction with wood, fabric and metal used for the fuselage and wings. It first flew in June 1940, just at the outbreak of World War II. It was put into competition with another Italian aircraft, but clearly proved superior.
It had STOL capabilities similar to the Fi.156, but the larger fuselage held up to four people, and the wings held more fuel. The Hirth HM 508 engine and constant speed propeller helped to give it a maximum speed of and almost range. However, there was no defensive armament, as the Fi 156 had from the C version onwards.
The aircraft, designed by Giovanni Galasso, and tested by Aldo Ligabò, could have been a success, but although 150 were ordered, only six were produced from mid-1940 to 1941, due of the shortage of available engines, the Italian engine industry having failed to produce enough suitable Isotta Fraschini Beta engines.
The Ro.63 was a viable machine that was not put into production in significant numbers (practically only a pre-series production) despite the fact that development was completed pre-war. They were doomed by lack of Italian-built engines. The performance was better than the Fi 156, with a superior speed and endurance, and only slightly inferior STOL capabilities. This was due to the more powerful engine and the two-speed propeller.
Operational service
The aircraft was deployed in the North African Campaign, together with 30 Fieseler Fi 156 imported from Germany, even though this was insufficient to replace the IMAM Ro.37 and older reconnaissance aircraft. By 1943, after two years hard service, only one Ro.63 survived. In 1948 it was proposed to resume production, but lack of capacity and data about the aircraft meant that the project was eventually abandoned.
Other STOL aircraft
Other STOL aircraft in the same competition as the Ro.63 included the AVIS C.4 and Caproni GDL. The Avis C.4 had a good performance but suffered from poor flying characteristics. The Caproni GDL, was not completed.
Operators
Regia Aeronautica
Specifications (Ro.63)
See also
References
Lembo, Daniele Officine Meccaniche Meridionali, Aerei nella storia magazione, Delta editions, Parma, Oct–Nov 2003
enricopezzi.it
Notes
Category:1930s Italian military reconnaissance aircraft
Category:1930s Italian military transport aircraft
Ro.63
Category:High-wing aircraft
Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft
Category:STOL aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1940 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Chérisy
Not to be confused with Cherisy, in the Eure-et-Loir department.
Chérisy is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
A small farming village located 9 miles (15 km) southeast of Arras on the D9 junction with the D38 road.
Population
Places of interest
The church of Saint-Vaast, rebuilt, like most of the village after the ravages of World War I.
World War I cemeteries.
World War I
Chérisy village, south-east of Arras, in the Pas-de-Calais, France, was captured by the 18th Division on 3 May 1917, but lost the same night. It then remained in German hands until it was retaken by the Canadian Corps on 27 August 1918.
It was in the retaking of Chérisy that Major Georges Philias Vanier, the future GOC of the Royal 22e Régiment and Governor General of Canada (1959–1967) was wounded, as a result of which his leg was amputated. In addition to Vanier, GOC of the 26th Battalion, Lt-Col. A. E. G. McKenzie was killed during action on 28 August 1918.
Quebec Cemetery, Chérisy. Many of those buried there are men of the 22nd and 24th Battalions Canadian Infantry (both from Quebec), were killed between 26 August and 28 September 1918. Quebec Cemetery contains 195 First World War burials, 12 of them unidentified.
English émigré to Canada, Private Alfred S. Loose was killed on 28 September 1918, aged 25 years.
The cemetery was designed by G. H. Goldsmith.
Sun Quarry Cemetery Located approx. 1 kilometer southeast of Cherisy and contains 191 First World War burials. Many of the casualties of the August–September 1918 fighting that took place in the area. The cemetery contains many men of the 26th Battalion Canadian Infantry (from New Brunswick). The cemetery was also designed by G. H. Goldsmith.
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
INSEE commune file
External links
The British Commonwealth cemetery at Chérisy
Chérisy on the Quid website
Category:Communes of Pas-de-Calais | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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104th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 104th Infantry Regiment traces its history to 14 November 1639, when it was first mustered as the Springfield Train Band in Springfield, Massachusetts. In 1662 the unit was formed into the Hampshire Regiment of the Massachusetts Militia. It later served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, with Union forces in the American Civil War, and as a federalized Massachusetts National Guard regiment with the U.S. Army during Spanish–American War, Mexican Border Campaign, World War I and World War II. The last active element of the regiment, the 1st Battalion, was deactivated in 2005 and the soldiers and lineage transferred to the 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry Regiment.
Heraldic items
Coat of arms
Blazon:
Shield: Per chevron and enhanced Argent and Azure, in chief a cross Gules, between six mullets pilewise a crenelated torch of the first flamant of three of the third, and in base an Indian arrowhead point to base of the first.
Crest: That for the regiments of the Massachusetts National Guard: On a wreath of the colors Argent and Azure a dexter arm embowed clothed Blue and ruffed White Proper the hand grasping a broad sword Argent the pommel and hilt Or.
Motto: FORTITUDE ET COURAGE (Fortitude and Courage).
Symbolism:
The shield is white and blue – the old and the present Infantry colors.
Indian Wars and disturbances are indicated by the Indian arrowhead.
The cross of St. George recalls Revolutionary War service.
The "per chevron" division of the shield represents the "Bloody Angle" at Spotsylvania during the Civil War.
The crenelated portion of the torch is representative of Spanish War service.
The torch was a device painted on the 104th Infantry Regiment equipment during World War I for easy identification, the three flames representing the three centuries of existence of the 104th Infantry Regiment.
The six mullets symbolize the six major engagements during World War I.
Background:
The coat of arms was originally approved for the 104th Infantry Regiment on 1926-11-05.
It was redesignated for the 104th Infantry Regiment on 1961-04-08 under the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS).
Distinctive unit insignia
Description:
A silver color metal and enamel device in height consisting of a shield blazoned: Per chevron and enhanced Argent and Azure, in chief a cross Gules, between six mullets pilewise a crenelated torch of the first flamant of three of the third, and in base an Indian arrowhead point to base of the first.
Attached below the shield a motto scroll inscribed FORTITUDE ET COURAGE in black letters.
Symbolism: The insignia is the shield and motto of the coat of arms of the 104th Infantry.
Background:
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved on 1926-11-04 for the 104th Infantry Regiment.
It was redesignated for the 104th Infantry Regiment on 1961-04-08, under the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS).
The insignia was amended on 1968-06-19 to include the motto scroll.
History
Formation and Colonial operations
First formed on 14 November 1639 as the Springfield Train Band, at Springfield, Massachusetts. This original band trained on the highlands, which George Washington later selected as the site of the United States National Armory.
Organized on 7 May 1662 as part of the Massachusetts Militia from several existing Western Massachusetts training bands, and named The Hampshire Regiment because the majority of Western Massachusetts – including the region's de facto capital, Springfield – was, at the time, located within Hampshire County (After the American Revolution, Hampshire County was split into three separate counties, currently administered by two different New England states – Hampden County, Massachusetts, with a capital at the City of Springfield; Hartford County, Connecticut, with a capital at the City of Hartford, and the current Hampshire County, Massachusetts, with a capital at the college town of Northampton).
The Hampshire Regiment expanded on 16 November 1748 to form the 1st (South) Hampshire Regiment (i.e. near Springfield,) and the 2nd (North) Hampshire Regiment, (i.e. near Northampton and west.)
The 1st Hampshire Regiment expanded on 1 January 1763 to form the 1st Hampshire Regiment (near Springfield,) and the Berkshire Regiment, (Northampton and west, encompassing the relatively recently settled Berkshires.)
Massachusetts Army and the American Revolution
The Hampshire Regiment formed the following Massachusetts Militia units on 27 May 1775 for service at Boston: Danielson's Battalion., Fellows' Battalion, Patterson's Battalion. and Woodbridge's Battalion.
1st and 2nd Hampshire Regiments and Berkshire Regiment reorganized 29 November 1772 as the 9th Division. (Hampshire and Berkshire) Volunteer Light Infantry Companies. These companies serve as the light and flank companies for the Massachusetts Line.
During the American Revolution (1775-1783) the Hampshire Regiment formed the following Continental Army units: 1st Massachusetts Regiment, 13th Massachusetts Regiment, Porter's Regiment.
Flank (Volunteer Militia) companies in Federal Service September–October 1814 as elements of the Elite Brigade at Boston.
9th Division, reorganized 1 July 1834 to consist of the Regiment of Light Infantry (Volunteer Militia).
Regiment of Light Infantry reorganized and redesignated 24 April 1840 in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as the 10th Regiment of Light Infantry
Civil War
Redesignated 26 February 1855 as the 10th Regiment of Infantry.
Mustered into Federal Service 21 June 1861 at Springfield, Massachusetts, as the 10th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment; mustered out of Federal service 6 July 1864 at Springfield.
Reorganized 11 November 1868 in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as the 2nd Regiment of Infantry.
World War I
Shortly after the United States declared war on Germany in April 1917 the regiment was mustered into Federal service and designated as the 104th Infantry Regiment. The 104th was assigned to the 26th Division (nicknamed the Yankee Division) which was formed from National Guard units from New England.
Regarding the United States in World War I, on 10, 12 and 13 April 1918, the lines being held by the troops of the 104th Infantry Regiment, of the 52d Infantry Brigade, of the 26th "Yankee" Division, in Bois Brule, near Apremont in the Ardennes, were heavily bombarded and attacked by the Germans. At first the Germans secured a foothold in some advanced trenches which were not strongly held but, thereafter, sturdy counterattacks by the 104th Infantry—at the point of the bayonet and in hand-to-hand combat—succeeded in driving the enemy out with serious losses, entirely re-establishing the American line.
For its gallantry the 104th Infantry was cited in a general order of the French 32nd Army Corps on 26 April 1918. In an impressive ceremony occurring in a field near Boucq on 28 April 1918, the 104th Infantry's regimental flag was decorated with the Croix de Guerre by French General Fenelon F.G. Passaga. "I am proud to decorate the flag of a regiment which has shown such fortitude and courage," he said. "I am proud to decorate the flag of a nation which has come to aid in the fight for liberty." Thus, the 104th Infantry became the very first American unit to be honored by a foreign country for exceptional bravery in combat. In addition, 117 members of the 104th Infantry received the award, including its commander, Colonel George H. Shelton.
According to The New York Times, in July 1918 "it was the lot of the Americans [which involved the 104th Infantry Regiment] to drive the Germans back in the region lying north of Chateau-Thierry." The offensive operations of the U.S. 26th Division and 104th Regiment at Chateau Thierry were complicated—the problem being to transition at once from defensive to offensive warfare. "This involved continuous movement under the most hazardous and confusing conditions and included every unit of the [104th] regiment. In the eight days from July 18 to July 25, 1918, the 104th Infantry was to pass through a crucible of fire and steel. Its men were to write sagas of sacrifice, devotion and heroism. In the stress of one of the great, decisive battles in world history, many of these acts failed of proper recognition. It is safe to say that almost without exception, every man of the [104th] regiment was deserving of mention for meritorious conduct during those terrible July days."
"By July 4 [1918], the entire [26th] Division moved up to the front in the area also known as the Pas Fini Sector ('Unfinished Sector'), where the 52nd Infantry Brigade relieved the U.S. Marine Brigade from the area of Belleau Wood and Torcy as far to the northwest as Bussiares on the left side of the line. The relief was completed on July 9 [1918] following delays due to defensive preparations for an expected German attack. [The] 52nd Brigade HQ was established at La Loge Farm, and the 26th Division HQ was moved up to Chamigny. There were no trenches in the area of the front, little wire and no shelters (dugouts). Rather, defenses were designed for open warfare and consisted of shallow fox-holes covered with brush, positioned to provide mutually supporting fire along with numerous machine gun positions. The outpost line and principal resistance line were separated by a 1,000 yard artillery barrage zone designed to break up any attack that overran the outposts. Occupants of the outposts had the usual mission of fighting to the last man with no hope of reinforcement. At all hours, troops of the outpost line were fired on by machine guns and artillery of the German 7th Army. Food and water had to be carried to the forward troops by ration details through machine gun fire under cover of darkness. The troops suffered a high number of casualties due to heavy gas exposure. Belleau Wood itself was a forest of horror from the hard fighting earlier in June [1918] involving the Marines; equipment, unburied bodies and severed limbs were found still strewn everywhere and hanging in trees with the smell of death and decay heavy in the air."
"From July 9–14 [1918], 10,350 high explosive shells fell on the 52nd Brigade sector killing 14 and wounding 84. In rain and fog at midnight on July 14 [1918], the entire 26th Division front was heavily shelled with a combination of high explosive and gas. Another day-long enemy bombardment occurred across the entire Divisional sector on July 15 [1918], drenching it with mustard gas. On July 16–17 [1918] another 7,000 rounds of high explosive fell in the Divisional sector. Despite the relentless bombardments by German artillery, no major infantry engagements occurred."
On 17 July 1918, "the 26th Division was the only thing between the Boches and the open road to Paris. The position of the Twenty-sixth Division was as follows: the extreme right was held by the 101st Infantry, facing north. The 102d Infantry lay along a roll of hills, its line extending a little beyond Bouresches; the regiment facing almost east. The 104th was in the Belleau Wood, facing east and northeast, and the 103d Infantry, north of Lucy de Bocage, faced north and northeast on [the Americans'] extreme left. One battalion of artillery was in position in the fields right and left of the Paris-Metz road; another, out on [the Americans'] left flank, was on the line Champillon-Voie du Chatel. [T]he attack was ordered for 4:35 a.m. [of July 18, 1918]. Only six hours was given to make out Division orders, get them to the various regiments, and get the units in position for the jumping-off hour." Shortly after H-hour sounded, "[a] severe fire dropped by the enemy artillery on the [104th in Belleau Wood]. Nobody dreamed that the encounters [beginning on July 18, 1918] had marked a turning-point of the war—that with the forward rush on that brilliant morning."
"Also known to historians as the Second Battle of the Marne, the Aisne-Marne Offensive began on July 18, 1918, with a combined French and American attack on the German forces (7th Army) inside the St. Mihiel Salient. The 52nd Infantry Brigade [including the 104th Infantry Regiment] attacked along the 26th Division’s line from Bouresches to the left of the Division sector. The 52nd Brigade's initial objective was to take the Torcy-Belleau-Givry Railroad from Givry to Bouresches." "...the days succeeding July 18th showed us how deadly our fire had been. Lucy-le-Bocage and Vaux were laid flat by the Boche, Belleau Woods was a shattered, stinking horror, and all the traveled roads were hell...."
"The advance continued on July 21 [1918] as the German Army fell back across a broad front in a general retreat. [There was] stiff German resistance along the "Berta Line" in the area of Epieds, which included orders for enemy artillery to contaminate the front line with mixed gas of all types." "Epieds is reached by a valley from the south through which runs the main road. North of Epieds is a wooded hill, and to the west similar hills at the lower end of the Bois de Chatelet, and to the east other hills up to the northern end of the Boise de Trungy."
The entire 52nd Brigade, including the 104th Regiment, attacked Epieds twice on 22 July 1918, only to be pushed back both times with heavy casualties from German machine gun fire. "Overnight more than 1,000 artillery shells fell on the 52nd Brigade's Command Post and the next day the 52nd was again repulsed in a third attack against Epieds, the vigorous defense of which proved to be a rear-guard holding action by the enemy while the main German forces withdrew." During the afternoon of 23 July 1918, the 104th Regiment went up the ravine by the side of the road into the village. "They were swept by fire from more than a hundred machine guns the Germans placed on the hills about the village. [The 104th] got into the village. Soon the Germans got the range and began heavily shelling Epieds and [the 104th] withdrew to the hills, the Germans taking possession of the village under the protection of artillery fire and bringing in more machine guns."
On the morning of 24 July 1918, the 104th Regiment again faced the task of retaking Epieds. "While a small force stayed in front, drawing the fire of the Germans from the village and hills, [the other troops of the 104th] moved against the machine gunners from the rear. The troops [of the 104th] in front of the village and on both sides attacked together, forcing the Germans to evacuate quickly." "Of the fighting here the French Communique [of the evening of July 24, 1918] said: 'Fierce combats were fought in the sector of Epieds. Those combats, bloody and severe, were fought by Americans whose indomitable energy the Germans fell back [on the afternoon of July 24, 1918] giving [the Americans] an average advance of three kilometers'. While the actual advance was not marked by such bitter fighting, it was the fierce combats up to [the morning of July 24, 1918] which resulted in the advance." The New York Times, in a caption for its related news article, proclaimed that the "Capture of Epieds [was] a Test of Fighting Quality Under the Hardest Conditions." "In a week of fighting the 26th Division had captured 17 kilometers of ground in the first real advance made by an American division as a unit, but at a cost of 20% casualties (the greatest number of battle casualties it would experience in a single operation). Counted among the Division’s casualties were 1,930 gas cases." "The fight for Epieds was one of the most severe and costly in which the Americans have engaged."
"The 104th continued to fight with courage and valor until the end of the war. It had taken part in six major campaigns: Chemin Des Dames, Apremont, Campagne-Marne, Aisne Marne, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne". While "Over There" in France, the men of the 104th Infantry Regiment experienced some of the heaviest fighting and suffered the greatest number of casualties of the U.S. 26th Division. "With the end of the war, the men of the 104th returned home and became citizen-soldiers once again."
World War II
"In September 1940, the first peacetime conscription in the history of the United States was begun. On January 16, 1941, the 26th "Yankee Division" was brought into Federal service for a supposed one year of duty. The 104th as part of the division was mobilized at Camp Edwards on Cape Cod, Mass. Draftees built up the unit to full peacetime strength, and modified training was begun. Saturday, December 6, 1941, the 104th returned to Camp Edwards from the Carolina Maneuvers, the largest war games held up to that time. In less than 24 hours, the men who expected to return to their homes in a little over a month knew that they would be fighting another threat to the existence of their country."
"In January 1942, the 104th U.S. Infantry was put on Coastal Defense duty to forestall German attempts to secure bases in the North Atlantic and to prevent the landing of saboteurs. In March 1942 replacements joined the regiment to bring it to full war-time strength and the 104th was sent to patrol and coast from North Carolina and Key West, Florida. In January 1943, the regiment was assembled at Camp Blanding, Florida, to receive amphibious assault training. Here began the long hard grind of training which was to cover five army posts and a maneuver area. From Camp Blanding to Camp Gordon, Georgia, to Camp Campbell, Kentucky, to the Tennessee Maneurvers, back to Camp Campbell, to Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and finally to Camp Shanks, New York, for the final drills before going overseas. During this time, the 104th Infantry had furnished cadres of trained personnel to form the nucleus of new units being formed. Then it was back to the grind of training replacements. To the men who remained with the 104th throughout, all this training and retraining became very monotonous and tedious. On August 27, 1944, the 104th sailed for a destination which proved to be Cherbourg, France."
National Guard and overseas service
Mustered into Federal service 10 May 1898 as the 2nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry for service in Cuba; mustered out of Federal service 3 November 1898.
(Massachusetts Volunteer Militia redesignated 15 November 1907 as the Massachusetts National Guard).
Mustered into Federal service 18 June 1916 for service at the Mexico Border; mustered out of Federal service 31 October 1916.
Mustered into Federal service 25 March 1917 at Westfield, Massachusetts.; drafted into Federal service 5 August 1917.
Redesignated 22 August 1917 as 104th Infantry, an element of the 26th Division for service in the war. (Reinforced by elements of 6th and 8th Massachusetts Infantry.)
Demobilized 25 April 1919 at Camp Devens, Massachusetts.
Reorganized 31 March 1920 in the Massachusetts National Guard at Springfield, Massachusetts, as the 104th Infantry.
Redesignated 30 September 1921 as the 104th Infantry Regiment, an element the 26th Division (later redesignated as the 26th Infantry Division).
Inducted into federal service 16 January 1941 at Springfield, Massachusetts. Inactivated 29 December 1945 at Camp Myles Standish, Massachusetts.
Reorganized and federally recognized 29 November 1946 at Springfield, Massachusetts.
Redesignated 1 May 1959 under the Combat Arms Regimental System as the 1st Battle Group, 104th Infantry
Reorganized 1 March 1963, to consist of two battalions assigned to the 3rd Brigade of the 26th Division.
Reorganized 30 September 1992, 1st and 2nd Battalions are consolidated to form 1st Battalion, 104th Infantry.
Reorganized 1 October 1995 to consist of the 1st Battalion (Light Infantry), element of the 26th Infantry Brigade, 29th Infantry Division.
1st Battalion 104th Infantry Regiment was inactivated on 1 December 2005, and the remaining units were reconstituted and consolidated into the 1st Battalion, 181st Infantry Regiment.
Battle honors
Revolutionary War
Boston
Long Island
Trenton
Princeton
Saratoga
Monmouth
Quebec
Rhode Island
New York 1780
Civil War
The Peninsula
Antietam
Fredricksburg
Chancellorsville
Gettysburg
Virginia 1863
Wilderness
Spotsylvania
Cold Harbor
Petersburg
Spanish–American War
Santiago
First World War
Ile de France
Lorraine
Aisne-Marne
Saint Mihiel
Meuse-Argonne
Champagne-Marne
Second World War
Northern France
The Rhineland
The Ardennes
Central Europe
Notable soldiers
John B. DeValles
Edgar C. Erickson
Bibliography
Albertine, Connell. The Yankee Doughboy. Boston: Brandon, 1968. Print. (Retired general's reminiscences of his experiences as a young officer with the 104th Infantry Regiment in France during World War I.)
American Battle Monuments Commission. 26th Division Summary of Operations in the World War. Washington D.C.: American Battle Monuments Commission, 1944. Print. (Pamphlet with large, fold-out, annotated maps that detail the combat operations of the YD in World War I.)
Benwell, Harry A. History of the Yankee Division. Boston: Cornhill, 1919. Print. (A comprehensive narrative history of the YD in World War I published immediately after the war.)
Cole, Hugh M. The Lorraine Campaign. Vol. The European Theater of Operations. Washington: Center of Military History, 1950. Print. United States Army in World War II. (one volume from the official U.S. Army History of World War II. Outlines the combat operations in the Lorraine in World War II. This was the initial sustained action by the YD in the war.)
Cole, Hugh M. The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge. Vol. The European Theater of Operations. Washington: Center of Military History, 1965. Print. United States Army in World War II. (one volume from the official U.S. Army History of World War II. Outlines the combat operations in the Ardennes and the Battle of the Bulge in World War II. In this action the YD played a pivotal role in the defeat of the German offensive.)
Connole, Dennis A. The 26th Yankee Division on Coast Patrol Duty 1942–1943. (This book is a chronicle of the training and the stateside patrol duties of the YD prior to deployment to Europe from January 1941 to 1944. It is a good source for the story of the pre-Pearl Harbor training and maneuvers. It focuses on the 181st Infantry Regiment.)
Courtney Richard, Normandy to the Bulge: An American Infantry GI in Europe during World War II, Chicago: Southern Illinois Press, 2000. (A memoir which offers a spirited view of the war in Europe from the point of view of a PFC.)
Fifield, James H. A History of the 104th U.S. Infantry AEF 1917–1919. 1946. Print. (Springfield newspaper man wrote this comprehensive history of the 104th Infantry Regiment from the organization in Westfield from the existing Mass. National Guard, through World War I and re-deployment.)
George, Albert E., and Edwin H. Cooper. Pictoral History of the Twenty-Sixth Division United States Army. Boston: Ball, 1920. Print. (A volume of Signal Corps photographs and a narrative history of the YD in World War I. Includes unit pictures down to the company level and a fold-out panoramic of the entire YD on review at Camp Devens in 1919.)
Gissen, Max, ed. History of a Combat Regiment 1639–1945. Salzburg, Austria, 1945. Print. (This is a theater-produced history of the 104th Infantry Regiment in World War II. It was created in Austria during occupation duty in 1945 and copies were distributed to all members of the regiment.)
Historical & Pictoral Review National Guard of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 1939. Baton Rouge: Army and Navy, 1939. Print. (This large yearbook, was a depression era project of the WPA. It includes a comprehensive historical sketch of the Mass. National Guard, and pictures and individual company histories for each unit.)
Palladino, Ralph A., ed. History of a Combat Regiment 1639–1945. Baton Rouge: Army and Navy, 1960. Print. (This was a re-editing of the theater produced pamphlet of the same name. It was produced for distribution to 104th Infantry Veterans. It uses the same narrative and maps as the 1945 product, but augments them with collected personal photos and U.S. Signal Corps photos to create a yearbook-style history.)
Passega, General. Le Calvaire De Verdun. Paris: Charled Levauzelle, 1927. Print. (This book is a history of the battles around Verdun in World War I written by the French Corps Commander that commanded the YD during the early campaigns of World War I. It includes descriptions of the actions of the YD in the Toul Sector and the actions of the 104th Infantry at Apremont.)
Sibley, Frank P. With the Yankee Division in France. Norwood, MA: Little Brown and, 1919. Print. (A Boston newspaper man who served as an "embedded reporter" with the YD from the founding throughout World War I. It is a comprehensive and readable account of the war.)
Taylor, Emerson G. New England in France 1917–1919. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1920. Print. (Another of the trio of volumes on the YD in the war published by newspaper men immediately following the war. Good narrative history.)
Westbrook, Stillman F. Those Eighteen Months. Hartford: Case Lockwood and Brainard, 1934. Print. (This is a personal printing of war letters by the commander of the 104th Machine Gun Company in World War I. It is an interesting and witty look at the war as it was being experienced by CPT Westbrook.)
References
External links
United States Army site with description of insignia and coat of arms.
104th Infantry Regiment World War II Historical Re-Enactment Group
Category:1639 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
104
104
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2005
Category:Military units and formations established in 1639
Category:Organizations based in Springfield, Massachusetts | {
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Anna Sophia
Anna Sophia (variants include Anna Sophie, Anna Sofia, and AnnaSophia) is a feminine given name and may refer to:
Royalty
Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg (1619-1680)
Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg (1638–1683)
Anna Sophia of Prussia (1527–1591), German noblewoman
Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark (1647–1717), eldest daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark
Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1670–1728)
Anna Sophie of Anhalt (1584–1652)
Anna Sophia van Schönborn, Countess of Hoensbroek (c. 1696–1760)
Other people
Anna Sophia Berglund (born 1986), American Playboy model and actress
Anna Sophia Folch (born 1985), Brazilian actress
Anna Sophia Hagman (1758–1826), Swedish ballet dancer
Anna Sophia Holmstedt (1759–1807), Swedish ballet dancer and translator
Anna Sophia Polak (1874–1943), Jewish feminist and author
Anna Sofia Ramström (1738–1786), Lady's maid of the Queen of Sweden, Sophie Magdalena of Denmark
AnnaSophia Robb (born 1993), American actress, model, and singer
Anna Sofia Sevelin (1790–1871), Swedish opera singer
Anna Sophie Schack (1689–1760), Danish noble, landowner and builder
Category:Feminine given names
Category:Compound given names | {
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Kelly tool
Not to be confused with K-tool.
The Kelly tool is a tool used in fire and rescue service for forcible entry and other prying and striking tasks. The predecessor of the Halligan bar, it has largely been superseded by the latter, but still sees some use.
Design and uses
The Kelly tool is named after its designer, Captain John F. Kelly of H&L Company 163 (FDNY). It consists of a straight steel bar, generally about 28 inches long. One end is formed into a chisel; the opposite end has a 90 degree adze. The primary advantage over the claw tool it replaced is that the striking end (the adze) is in a straight line with the rest of the tool; on the claw tool the corresponding end was curved into a hook with no flat surfaces.
The Kelly tool was intended specifically for opening doors and other barriers. Modern versions often are modified along the lines of the Halligan bar, especially at the chisel end. Originally the chisel blade was flat and straight; more recently it has tended to take on a curved and forked form, similar to the claw of a carpenter's hammer. There are similar tools referred to generically as "Kelly tools", but in general they are variations on the original form.
References
Category:Firefighter tools | {
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Russel Kaufman
Russel E. Kaufman, M.D. is president emeritus of The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. In addition to his administrative role at Wistar, Kaufman maintains a research program that focuses on the genetics behind various types of blood diseases and cancer. During his time in research, some of Kaufman's discoveries include the characterization of the ß-globin genes and the discovery of the CD7 ligand, K12. Additionally, he has focused on the regulation of genes expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and their progenitors.
Kaufman is active in a number of Philadelphia regional organizations and national organizations related to cancer research. He has served as chair of the Greater Philadelphia Life Sciences Congress, a board member of the board of directors for the University City Science Center, an adviser to the National Institutes of Health, and an adviser to the American Cancer Society. In 2008, Kaufman received the Cancer Control Award from the American Cancer Society for his "exemplary individual achievements in the field of cancer control.". In 2012, the Philadelphia Business Journal named Kaufman Life Sciences CEO of the Year.
Prior to taking his role at Wistar in 2002, Kaufman worked at Duke University Medical Center, where he served as chief resident, division chief of medical oncology, vice chair of the Department of Medicine, and vice dean for education and academic affairs.
Select publications
Ge, Y., Azuma, R., Gekonge, B., Lopez-Coral, A., Xiao, M., Zhang, G., Xu, X., Montaner, L., Wei, Z., Herlyn, M., Wang, T., Kaufman, Russel E.: Induction of metallothionein expression during monocyte to melanoma-associated macrophage differentiation. Front. Biol 7(4): 359–367, 2012.
Wang, T., Ge, Y., Xiao, M., Lopez-Coral, A., Azuma, R., Somasundaram, R., Zhang, G., Wei, Z., Xu, X., Rauscher, FJ 3rd, Herlyn, M., Kaufman, R.E.: Melanoma-derived conditioned media efficiently induce the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages that display a highly invasive gene signature. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 25:493-505, 2012.
Wang, T., Huang, C., Lopez-Coral, A., Slentz-Kesler, K.A., Xiao, M., Wherry, E.J., Kaufman, R.E.: K12/SECTM1, an interferon regulated molecule, synergizes with CD28 to costimulate human T cell proliferation. J Leukoc Biol 91:449-459, 2012.
Lam, G.K., Liao, H.X., Xue, Y., Alam, S.M., Scearce, R.M., Kaufman, R.E., Sempowski, G.D., Haynes, B.F.: Expression of the CD7 ligand K-12 in human thymic epithelial cells: regulation by IFN-gamma. J Clin Immunol 25:41-49, 2005.
Sempowski, G.D., Lee, D.M., Kaufman, R.E., Haynes, B.F.: Structure and function of the CD7 molecule. Crit Rev Immunol 19:331-348, 1999.
References
External links
Dr. Kaufman's lab page on The Wistar Institute's website
Category:Cancer researchers
Category:Living people
Category:American health care chief executives
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
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Swan Dive
Swan Dive is an American bossa nova/pop musical duo composed of Bill DeMain and Molly Felder. Founded in 1995, Swan Dive is best known for its album Circle, released in 1998.
Swan Dive has appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, and opened shows for Norah Jones, Over the Rhine and Sixpence None the Richer, and their music has been heard on television shows such as Felicity, The L Word and Unfabulous. The group has attracted fans both on the local scene and abroad, particularly Japan, Korea and Thailand, where they've earned four Top 10 singles along with television appearances and multi-city tours. In early 2002, Swan Dive's Circle won in The 1st Annual Independent Music Awards for Pop Song.
Bill DeMain is a Grammy-nominated writer (The Look of Love: The Burt Bacharach Collection) and freelance journalist, whose songs have been recorded by Teddy Thompson & Kelly Jones, Marshall Crenshaw, Jill Sobule, Amy Rigby, Marti Jones and others. Molly Felder has also sung jingles on a number of national advertising campaigns including Pepsi, Michelob and Chevrolet, and has backed well-known artists including Amy Grant, Michael McDonald and Ricky Skaggs.
Discography
Main albums
Wintergreen (1997)
You're Beautiful (1997)
Circle (1998)
Swan Dive (2000)
June (2001)
Words You Whisper (2002)
William & Marlys (2004)
Popcorn & a Mama Who Loves Me Too (2005)
Until (2007)
Mayfair (2009)
Soundtrack to Me and You (2014)
Transatlantic Romantic - Bill DeMain (2017)
Compilations
Groovy Tuesday/Rarities (2004)
You're Beautiful/Words You Whisper (2004)
June/Better to Fly (2008)
Best Of and Besides (2009)
Singles & EPs
Circle (1998)
Electronic (2000)
"Extended Stay" (2011) (Bill DeMain solo EP)
Music videos
In 2007, Swan Dive released the music videos "Tender Love" directed by Kip Kubin and "Until" (the carrier single of the album with the same title), starring acclaimed Filipino actress and noted celebrity, Angel Aquino, directed by Elvert de la Cruz Bañares.
External links
Official Swan Dive Website
Puremusic feature on Swan Dive
Review of Swan Dive's Until
Interview with Swan Dive's Bill DeMain
Category:American musical duos
Category:American pop music groups
Category:Independent Music Awards winners
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Nicholas Fekete
Nicholas Fekete (born August 5, 1962) is a Canadian modern pentathlete. He competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian male modern pentathletes
Category:Olympic modern pentathletes of Canada
Category:Modern pentathletes at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Montreal | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Wabenzi
Wabenzi is an Anglicization of the pejorative Bantu colloquialism WaBenzi, originally used in Kenya to refer to members of the new ruling class that superseded the colonial regime, that has come to refer to the new ruling class in any post-colonial African country. The term usually refers to a corrupt government official, or family member of one, and derives from their being seen as driving an imported car. "Wa" is a prefix that refers to people in some Bantu languages; "benzi" comes from Mercedes-Benz, a car perceived as prestigious. The Anglicized spelling form is more common than the original Bantu WaBenzi.
See also
Black Diamonds
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20090926152125/http://encarta.msn.com:80/dictionary_561539700/wabenzi.html
Category:Class-related slurs
Category:Colloquial terms
Category:Corruption in Kenya
Category:Kenyan society
Category:Pejorative terms for people
Category:Upper class | {
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Nail Communications
Nail Communications (commonly referred to as Nail) is an independently owned American advertising agency headquartered in Providence, Rhode Island. Nail was named 2013 Northeast Small Agency of the Year by AdAge.
Notable Campaigns
In 2010, Nail created an innovative interactive film for Vibram, YouAreTheTechnology.com that won several international awards.
That same year, the agency made a nationally-recognized campaign introducing a brand called "Nothing". Empty cans of "Nothing" were sold in grocery stores throughout the state of Rhode Island. Proceeds from their sale went to Rhode Island Community Food Bank.
In 2012, Nail guided a rebranding effort for The Providence Journal around the tagline "We Work for the Truth."
Nail crafted the high-profile "break up" of candy characters Mike and Ike in 2012 due to "creative differences". In 2013, Nail produced a trailer for a movie about the "reunion" of Mike and Ike.
Awards
Over its history, Nail has won scores of Hatch Awards for Creative Excellence given by The Ad Club including 16 in 2012.
In 2010, the agency received a Jay Chiat Strategic Planning Award Gold.
In 2011, the company was Webby Award Finalist and Honoree, won a One Show Gold Pencil and Finalist and an Effie Gold.
In 2012, Nail was a part of the Facebook Studio Gallery Selection.
In 2013, the company was shortlisted at the Clio Awards.
In 2013, the agency was rated one of the "best places to work" in Rhode Island.
In 2013, Nail was named "Small Agency of the Year: Northeast Region" by Ad Age.
In 2014, Nail won first place in the Boston Ad Club's Brand-a-thon
References
External links
Nail.cc
The Mad Men of Providence
Category:Advertising agencies of the United States
Category:Companies based in Providence, Rhode Island
Category:Companies established in 1998
Category:1998 establishments in Rhode Island | {
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Viennacontemporary
viennacontemporary is an international fair for contemporary art in Vienna, Austria. Since 2015, it takes place annually in the fourth week of September at the Marx Halle, located in St. Marx, a part of Vienna's third district. Besides its focus on Central- and Eastern Europe, viennacontemporary presents international and Austrian galleries showcasing young and established positions of contemporary art.
The art fair is accompanied by a series of supporting events, which take place in cooperation with Austrian museums and other art institutions and aim to promote and strengthen Vienna's importance as a center for contemporary art and culture.
Every year, around 110 galleries exhibit at viennacontemporary and around 30.000 visitors attend the fair.
Background
In 2012, the team surrounding chairman of the Board Dmitry Yu. Aksenov, managing director Renger van den Heuvel, and the two artistic directors Christina Steinbrecher-Pfandt and Vita Zaman organized Viennafair, a fair for contemporary art in Vienna. In 2014, Vita Zaman left the team. In 2015 the fair rebranded as viennacontemporary and moved to Marx Halle. Christina Steinbrecher-Pfandt served as artistic director from 2015 to 2018. In 2019, the fair appointed Johanna Chromik as the new artistic director.
Marx Halle
Built in the end of the 19th century by architect Rudolf Frey, Marx Halle was the first building in Vienna to have a wrought iron structure. Once a popular local cattle market, the newly renovated industrial style building nowadays serves as a venue for large-scale events, concerts, and fairs. It is situated in the center of the creative quarter Neu Marx in Vienna's third district. Around one hundred companies with media-, creative- and scientific backgrounds are located in this area. The hall measures 175 meters in length and covers an area of 20.000 square meters. Marx Halle is part of the Austrian cultural heritage (see entry).
External links
Website viennacontemporary
viennacontemporaryMag
References
Category:2015 establishments in Austria
Category:Recurring events established in 2015
Category:Contemporary art fairs
Category:Contemporary art
Category:Art fairs | {
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Eurysacca quinoae
Eurysacca quinoae is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Povolný in 1997. It is found in Bolivia.
References
Category:Eurysacca
Category:Moths described in 1997 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Duff, Saskatchewan
Duff is a village within the Rural Municipality of Stanley No. 215 in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The village is located northeast of the capital, Regina and southwest of Yorkton and approximately west of Melville. Cana No. 214 and Stanley No. 215 are the rural municipalities that surround the village of Duff. The village population has stayed at 30 from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 Census.
Demographics
See also
List of communities in Saskatchewan
Villages of Saskatchewan
Duff
References
External links
Saskatchewan City & Town Maps
Saskatchewan Gen Web - One Room School Project
Post Offices and Postmasters - ArchiviaNet - Library and Archives Canada
Saskatchewan Gen Web Region
Online Historical Map Digitization Project
GeoNames Query
2006 Community Profiles
Category:Stanley No. 215, Saskatchewan
Category:Villages in Saskatchewan | {
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Landsborough Shire Council Chambers
Landsborough Shire Council Chambers is a heritage-listed former town hall and now museum at 6 Maleny Street, Landsborough, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Walter Carey Voller and built in 1924 by Alfred Ernest Round for the Landsborough Shire Council. It is also known as Landsborough Shire Historical Museum. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 June 1999.
History
The first European settlement was established in the Landsborough, originally known as Mellum Creek, by Isaac Burgess in 1871. His slab hut on the north of Gympie Road near Mellum Creek became a Cobb & Co. staging post on the run to the Gympie gold fields. Settlement of the area expanded particularly with the arrival of the North Coast railway line from Caboolture in 1890. Named Landsborough after the explorer William Landsborough, the Landsborough railway station became the focus for a town centre and the town of Mellum Creek was renamed Landsborough.
Local government for the region was administered by the Caboolture Divisional Board from 1880. The Caboolture Shire, proclaimed in 1903, assumed responsibility for the administration of the regions of Pine Rivers, Landsborough, Kilcoy, Maroochy, Caboolture and Redcliffe. In February 1912, were annexed from Caboolture Shire and proclaimed Landsborough Shire. The first Council meeting for the newly formed Shire was held on 20 April 1912. A Council residence and one room office was constructed in 1913 and was used for meetings of the Council until the first purpose-built Chambers was opened in 1924.
The former Landsborough Shire Council Chambers, designed by architect Walter Carey Voller and constructed by Alfred Ernest Round, accommodated a council chamber, 2 offices, a counter with office space and a walk-in strong room.
WC Voller served his articles under FDG Stanley from 1882 to 1886 and from 1893 operated a productive architectural practice in Brisbane. His most notable work includes St Paul's Presbyterian Church Mackay (1898), St Paul's Church of England Roma (1913), New Farm Methodist Church (1926) and Silkstone Baptist Church (1928). He owned a beach house at Caloundra and he and his family were frequent visitors and well known in the area.
In 1967 Landsborough, Maroochy and Noosa Shires became known as the Sunshine Coast.
On 19 December 1987, the Shire of Landsborough was granted city status, and was renamed the City of Caloundra, reflecting the population boom in the coastal section of the City. The Council Chambers were relocated from 77 Bulcock Street, Caloundra to 1 Omrah Avenue, Caloundra in 1995.
The original Landsborough Shire Council Chambers closed in 1974. In 1975 the Landsborough Historical Society secured a lease over the building and in 1975 the building was opened as the Landsborough Shire Historical Museum.
During the 1950s the verandah was extended and enclosed to the east and an extension constructed to the west of the building to accommodate 5 offices. In 1977 the original timber fence was removed and a bullock wagon and two large palms located in the front garden. In 1988, alterations to the former Landsborough Shire Chambers were undertaken during the construction of the large Museum extension to the east. The front verandah was reinstated, office partitioning removed, the building painted and a new roof installed. A covered courtyard link between the early building and the new Museum extension and a roofed storage area to the north butt directly onto the building.
Description
Constructed in 1924 the former Landsborough Shire Council Chambers, a modest, timber building, has a discreet civic presence on Maleny Street, Landsborough. The building is a low-set, hip-roofed, rectangular, timber structure with open front verandah. A narrow skillion-roofed extension has been erected to the west and a large museum courtyard and building has been constructed to the east.
The building and west extension are clad with chamferboards. The picket paling skirt to the front verandah understorey have been replaced with chamferboards. The core of the former Landsborough Shire Council Chambers is symmetrical about a projecting pedimented gabled entry porch reached by a set of open timber stairs. The verandah to the east has been reconstructed but much original fabric remains to the balance of the verandah. A plain curved timber arch with prominent keystone and corbelled ends marks the entry. Four timber clad panels divide the verandah into bays and a plain timber moulded cornice runs around the verandah. The cornice is supported by small timber console brackets to the two mid panels. The front verandah is lined with vertical tongue-and-groove boarding and post and rail framing is exposed to the verandah. The verandah has plain, vertical, timber slat balustrading and blank frieze panels with bottom rails supported by decorative end corbels. The main entry French doors have a clear glass 2-pane fanlight above the doorway and each door has five panels of coloured, textured glass with the top panel arched.
The interior has been altered but the chamber space remains along with much original fabric including the vertical tongue-and-groove lining, post and rail framing, sheeted and battened ceiling, picture rails to the chamber, doors, casement windows and cupboard between the former office and the chamber.
Heritage listing
The former Landsborough Shire Council Chambers was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 June 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.
Opened in 1924, the former Landsborough Shire Council Chambers, a modest, low-set, single-storey timber building on Maleny Street, Landsborough, was the first purpose-built council chambers for the Landsborough Shire Council. Although the building has been altered and has received a major extension, the original form is evident.
The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.
The place is important for its association with the work of architect Walter Carey Voller.
The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.
Residential in scale, the building contributes a dignified civic presence to the streetscape.
The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
Sustaining a local government presence from 1924 to 1974, the former Landsborough Shire Council Chambers is important for its association with the Landsborough Shire Council and the local community and illustrates the development of local government in the region.
References
Attribution
External links
Category:Queensland Heritage Register
Category:Landsborough, Queensland
Category:Town halls in Queensland
Category:Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register
Category:Museums in Queensland | {
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Phyl Blackler
Phyllis Blackler (13 June 1919 – 25 May 1975) was a New Zealand cricketer. She played in twelve Women's Tests between 1948 and 1966.
References
Category:1919 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:New Zealand women cricketers
Category:New Zealand women Test cricketers
Category:Cricketers from Christchurch | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Aleksandr Drozdenko
Aleksander Yurievich Drozdenko (born November 1, 1964, village of Akzhar, Baizaksk District, Zhambyl Region, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) – Russian economist and politician. Governor of Leningrad Region (since May 28, 2012).
He graduated from the Leningrad Agricultural Institute with a degree in Economics and Organization of Agriculture in 1986 and obtained a PhD in Economics in 2007.
From 1988 to 2002, he worked in various positions in Kingisepp District of Leningrad Region, and was Chairman of the Kingisepp City Council of People's Deputies and Mayor of Kingisepp District.
On November 6, 2002, he was appointed as Vice Governor of Leningrad Region – Chairman of Leningrad Region Committee on State Property Management. At the same time, he was a Head of the Leningrad Regional office of the Ministry of Property Relations of Russia.
On May 5, 2012, President of Russian Federation introduced Alexander Drozdenko for consideration by the Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Region as a nominee for the position of Governor of Leningrad Region. On May 12, 2012, Mr. Drozdenko’s appointment as Governor of Leningrad Region was confirmed. He was inaugurated on May 28, 2012.
At the early election on September 13, 2015, Alexander Drozdenko received the support of 471,145 voters, which amounted to 82.1% of the voting public that took part in the election.
As Governor of Leningrad Region, he initiated a long-term “Region of Successful People” Strategy of regional development. He pursues a coherent policy of reducing debt load on the regional budget (the region hasn’t had any debts to commercial structures since 2017), introducing project management and attracting investors. Since 2014, Leningrad Region has been consistently included in the TOP 10 constituent entities of Russian Federation by volume of investment growth in fixed capital. In 2017, the gross regional product of Leningrad Region exceeded 1 trillion rubles for the first time in contemporary history. Based on the results for 2017, Leningrad Region took 12th place in the National Rating for Investment Attractiveness established by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives.
Governor Drozdenko also initiated a large-scale restoration program in Vyborg involving international and federal funding. He reformed the social security system, basing it on criteria of need and unified social standards. By the order of the Governor, a program for the renovation of educational establishments was implemented in Leningrad Region in 2015. In three years (2015–2017), 28 schools and 4 vocational schools were renovated from regional public funds.
He supported the initiative group to shut down the Krasny Bor hazardous waste landfill site operated by St. Petersburg within the region’s territory.
In 2015 he brought the allocation of municipal land plots for house construction in areas bordering St. Petersburg under regional control. For compensatory accelerated development of infrastructure in new-build areas, the “Public Amenities in Exchange for Taxes” program has been implemented.
The Governor pursues a policy of transparency – he meets residents in districts of the region and answers calls on a live phone-in show twice a month. Upon the initiative of the Governor, sessions of the Government of Leningrad Region are broadcast live online. Since 2017, he has his own blog on Youtube.
The Governor of Leningrad Region is married and has two daughters. He has several hobbies, such as hunting, fishing, and motorbike touring. He also plays volleyball within a regional government team.
References
Category:1964 births
Category:Living people
Category:United Russia politicians
Category:Russian economists
Category:Russian people of Kazakhstani descent | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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James Browne (Fianna Fáil politician)
James Browne (born 15 October 1975) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Wexford constituency since the 2016 general election.
He was member of Enniscorthy Town Council from 2009 to 2014. He was a member of Wexford County Council from 2014 to 2016. His father is former TD John Browne. His great uncle, Seán Browne, was also a TD. He is Fianna Fáil's Spokesperson on Mental Health.
References
External links
James Browne's page on the Fianna Fáil website
Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Fianna Fáil TDs
Category:Local councillors in County Wexford
Category:Members of the 32nd Dáil
Category:Members of the 33rd Dáil
Category:Alumni of King's Inns | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2012 Australian Open – Girls' Doubles
An-Sophie Mestach and Demi Schuurs were the defending champions but neither of them were eligible to participate in 2012. American couple Gabrielle Andrews and Taylor Townsend won the title, defeating Irina Khromacheva and Danka Kovinić in the final, 5–7, 7–5, [10–6].
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
External links
Main draw
Girls' Doubles
Australian Open, 2012 Girls' Doubles | {
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Bernsdorf, Upper Lusatia
Bernsdorf () is a town with 6,427 inhabitants in the district of Bautzen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is north of Kamenz and southwest of Hoyerswerda.
History
Within Prussian Silesia (Province of Silesia 1815–1919 and 1938–41, Province of Lower Silesia 1919–38 and 1941–45), Bernsdorf was part of Landkreis Hoyerswerda. Within the East German Bezirk Cottbus, it was part of Kreis Hoyerswerda. With German reunification in 1990, Bernsdorf became part of Saxony.
International relations
Bernsdorf is twinned with:
Quinsac (France), since 2006
Steinenbronn (Germany), since German reunification
Sons and daughters of the city
Gerhard Möhwald (1920–2012), former mayor and honorary citizen
Christian Rudolph (born 1949), athlete (hurdles)
References
Category:Bautzen (district)
Category:West Lusatia
Category:Localities in Upper Lusatia
Category:German Silesia
Category:Province of Silesia
Category:Province of Lower Silesia
Category:Bezirk Cottbus | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Carlos Retiz
Carlos Retiz (born November 5, 1968) is a retired long-distance runner from Mexico. He represented his native country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, where he finished in 50th place in the men's marathon, clocking a total time of 2:25:34.
Achievements
References
sports-reference
Category:1968 births
Category:Living people
Category:Mexican male long-distance runners
Category:Olympic athletes of Mexico
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Place of birth missing (living people) | {
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Swanage Town & Herston F.C.
Swanage Town & Herston Football Club is a football club based in Swanage, Dorset, England. The club is affiliated to the Dorset County Football Association. They are currently members of the .
History
The club was formed in 1898 as Swanage Albion Football Club, joining the Dorset Junior League and winning the Dorset Junior Cup in their first season. The club then made it to the Dorset Senior League during the 1920s. The 1920s also saw the club move from their original ground at Swanage Middle School, to Days Park and change their name to Swanage Town.
In the 1957–58 season the club became one of the founder members of the Dorset Combination League. The first season in the league proved very successful as the club became the leagues first winners. The next five seasons saw the club finish in the top two, by winning the league three times in a row for the 1959–60, 1960–61 and 1961–62 campaigns, and finishing Runners up for the 1958–59, and 1962–63 seasons. The 1961–62 campaign also saw the club enter the FA Cup for the first time in their history, losing to Bridport in the first qualifying round.
In 1966 Swanage Town merged with local side Herston Rovers F.C., who had been playing in the Dorset Combination league for five seasons, and the club was renamed Swanage Town & Herston F.C.. The club then stayed in the Dorset Combination League for another ten seasons, until the end of the 1975–76 competition when they left the league to join the newly reformed Division One of the Western Football League.
After eleven seasons in Division the club gained promotion to the Premier Division, when they finished as Champions in the Division. The 1989–90 campaign saw the club play their last season in the Western league as they then joined the Wessex Football League. The last season in the Western league saw the club clinch the Dorset Senior Cup for the first and only time, when they beat Weymouth 1–0 in the final. The first season in the Wessex Football League saw the club finish runners-up. The 1990–91 season also saw the club reach the Dorset Senior Cup final again, but this time lost to Weymouth 5–1.
The 1995–96 season saw the club finish bottom of the Wessex league, and they were relegated back to the Dorset Combination league. After four seasons in the Dorset Combination league, the club rejoined the Wessex league. However they could only spend two seasons in the league as their second season back saw them finish bottom of the league and relegated to the Dorset Premier Football League The 2007–08 season saw the club finish bottom of the Premier League, but they escaped relegation to the Dorset Football League as luckily for them there was no relegation that season. Two seasons later the club under the management of Jason Phillips, became winners of the Dorset Premier Football League Cup. In the 2016-17 season the Swans regained the Dorset Premier Football League Cup beating Gillingham Town reserves 2-0 in the final.
Stadium
Swanage Town & Herston play their home games at Days Park, Swanage, Dorset, BH19 1NN.
The ground was named after James Day who was the mayor of Swanage in the 1930s, who had the ground created in 1925 and gave it to the town in 1935. The 1981–82 season saw the ground gain floodlights. The ground originally had a slope, but this was levelled out in 1951.
Honours
League honours
Wessex Football League:
Runners-up (1): 1990–91
Western Football League Division One:
Winners (1): 1986–87
Dorset Combination League:
Winners (4): 1957–58†, 1959–60†, 1960–61†, 1961–62†
Runners-up (2): 1958–59†, 1962–63†
Cup honours
Dorset Senior Cup:
Winners (1): 2011–12
Runners-up (1): 1990–91
Dorset Premier Football League Cup:
Winners (1): 2009–10 & 2016–17
Runners-up (1): 1959–60†
Dorset Junior Cup:
Winners (1): 1898†
† Won before the merger with Herston Rovers.
Records
Highest League Position: 2nd in Wessex League 1990–91
FA Cup best performance: Second qualifying round 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91
FA Vase best performance: Second round 1979–80, 1981–82, 1987–88, 1991–92
Former players
A list of players that have played for the club at one stage and meet one of the following criteria;
Players that have played/managed in the football league or any foreign equivalent to this level (i.e. fully professional league).
Players with full international caps.
Chad Gould
Horace Cumner
References
External links
Club website
Category:Association football clubs established in 1898
Category:Swanage
Category:Football clubs in Dorset
Category:1898 establishments in England
Category:Football clubs in England
Category:Dorset Premier Football League | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Georgie Anne Geyer
Georgie Anne Geyer (April 2, 1935 – May 15, 2019) was an American journalist who covered the world as a female foreign correspondent for the Chicago Daily News and then became a syndicated columnist for the Universal Press Syndicate. Her columns focused on foreign affairs issues and appeared in approximately 120 newspapers in North and South America. She was the author of ten books, including a biography of Fidel Castro and a memoir of her life as a foreign correspondent, Buying the Night Flight.
Early life and education
Geyer was born in Chicago, and graduated from Calumet High School. She graduated from the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University in 1956, where she was a member of Alpha Chi Omega sorority. She attended the University of Vienna on a Fulbright Scholarship. She spoke Spanish, Portuguese, German, and Russian.
Professional career
Her first job was with the Chicago Southtown Economist. From 1959 to 1974, Geyer was a reporter for the now-defunct Chicago Daily News, where she worked from society reporting to the news desk and eventually foreign correspondent. After leaving the paper, she began her syndicated column.
In 1973, she was the first Western reporter to interview Saddam Hussein, then Vice President of Iraq. She also interviewed Yasser Arafat, Anwar Sadat, King Hussein of Jordan, Muammar al-Gaddafi, and the Ayatollah Khomeini. She reported on rebels in the Dominican Republic, was held by authorities in Angola for her reporting during civil war, and was threatened with death by the Mano Blanca death squads in Guatemala.
Geyer had more than 21 honorary degrees, including three from Northwestern alone.
In an October 1996 letter published in the Chicago Tribune, now Judge Ramon Ocasio III criticized Geyer for anti-immigrant and anti-Hispanic rhetoric in her Op-ed "The anti-Columbus Day march."
Personal life and death
In 1992, the CBS sitcom Hearts Afire thinly based its lead female character, Georgie Anne Lahti, on Geyer's life and career. In January 1993, Chicago Tribune columnist Mike Royko excoriated the show's producers for doing so, and stated that Geyer was not pleased with that depiction. "Did the TV producers ask if they could use the real Georgie Anne that way?" Royko wrote. "Not only did they not ask, they loftily deny that their TV Georgie Anne is in any way based on the real life Georgie Anne. A mere coincidence, yuck, yuck. Not to butter you up, but most of my readers are logical. So let me pose this question: If you were a Chicago-born blond named Georgie Anne, had built an international reputation as a foreign correspondent and columnist, and had written an important book about Fidel Castro, and you turned on your TV and saw a lewd sitcom about a Chicago-born blond named Georgie Anne who built a national reputation as a foreign correspondent and had written an important book about Fidel Castro, wouldn't you say something like: 'Hey, what the hell's going on?'"
Geyer developed cancer of the tongue more than a decade before her death. She died at her home in Washington, D.C. on May 15, 2019.
Books
Americans No More
Buying the Night Flight: the Autobiography of a Woman Foreign Correspondent
When Cats Reigned Like Kings: On the Trail of the Sacred Cats
Guerrilla Prince (biography of Fidel Castro)
Waiting for Winter to End (an extraordinary journey through Soviet Central Asia)
References
External links
Biography at Universal Press Syndicate site
Profile from Northwestern University
Profile from the Chicago Headline Club
Booknotes interview with Geyer on Guerrilla Prince, March 10, 1991.
Category:1935 births
Category:2019 deaths
Category:Women war correspondents
Category:Maria Moors Cabot Prize winners
Category:Medill School of Journalism alumni
Category:University of Vienna alumni
Category:Writers from Chicago
Category:Journalists from Illinois
Category:American war correspondents
Category:American women journalists
Category:Fulbright Scholars | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Philippe Rahmy
Philippe Rahmy (5 June 1965 in Geneva – 1 October 2017) was a Swiss poet and writer.
Biography
Philippe Rahmy studied the history of arts and egyptology at the École du Louvre in Paris, and graduated from the University of Lausanne in literature and philosophy.
He is a founding member of the prominent French literary site remue.net, focused on promoting contemporary literature over the Internet and through live events. He is a published author in France, USA, Italy, Switzerland and China.
Philippe Rahmy is also active as a photographer and as a director of award-winning independent short films. Philippe Rahmy suffers from Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bones), and he is an active member of several handicap related associations. He is also writing songs for the rock band "I need my gasoline".
He is currently working on a literary and multimedia project about abandoned cities. The Abandoned City is a collaborative writing project. Hosted on D-FICTION, it will ultimately find its dedicated platform, an open website gathering a large range of tools for geolocation, virtual exploration of the landscape, artistic creation, and communication. Literary at first, this interdisciplinary project will welcome, later, visual arts, music, staged arts and street arts, as well as academic productions.
Books
2017 : Monarques, éditions de La Table Ronde, coll. Vermillon
2016 : Allegra, éditions de La Table Ronde, coll. Vermillon, January 2016 (awarded the Prix Rambert 2016 and the Swiss Literature Award 2017)
2015 : Béton armé, Collection Folio (n° 5946), Gallimard, 2015
2014 : Loop Road, nerval.fr, March 2014
2013 : Béton armé – Shanghai au corps à corps, Éditions de La Table Ronde , preface Jean-Christophe Rufin de l'Académie française, September 2013 (awarded the Prix Wepler 2013 Mention spéciale du jury // One of the 20 best books of the year 2013, palmarès Lire; Prix Michel-Dentan 2014)
2013 : Corps au miroir, avec Sabine Oppliger, Encre et lumière, 2013
2010 : Cheyne, 30 ans, 30 voix, Livres hors collection, 2010
2009 : Cellules souches, avec Stéphane Dussel, Mots tessons, 2009
2009 : Movimento dalla fine, a cura di Monica Pavani, Mobydick, 2009
2008 : SMS de la cloison, publie.net, 2008
2008 : Architecture nuit, texte expérimental, publie.net, 2008
2007 : Demeure le corps, Chant d'exécration, Cheyne Editeur, 2007
2005 : Mouvement par la fin, Un portrait de la douleur, Cheyne Editeur, 2005 (postface Jacques Dupin, Prix des Charmettes – Jean-Jacques Rousseau 2006)
Articles
La couleur des jours, "Pardon pour l'Amérique", 31-08-2017, extract of an ongoing novel, written at the foundation Jan Michalski
Specimen, The Babel Revue of Translation, "Pardon pour l'Amérique", fr/eng, transl. by Carla Calimani, 06-2017
Viceversa littérature, nr. 11, "Dialogue avec Philippe Rahmy : l'écriture en acte" by Marina Skalova, followed by "retour architecture nuit" by François Bon, 04-2017
Diacritik, "Le roi est vulnérable", 24-02-2017
Château de Lavigny, 20 ans, anthologie anniversaire, "Le Châtiment", 08-2016
Página/12, "Todos tenemos alguna discapacidad", 19-04-2016
La moitié du fourbi, Nr. 3, "Un portrait du Fayoum", 03-2016
Le Persil, Special edition dedicated to poetry in the francophone part of Switzerland, "Comme le caméléon, sa langue", 03-2016
Postface to the book "Kvar lo" from Sabine Huynh (poems, with ink paintings from Caroline François-Rubino), Éditions Æncrages & Co, coll. Écri(peind)re, 2016
Le Magazine Littéraire, Nr. 541, 03–2014, "Alors, Shanghai?"
Le Magazine Littéraire, Nr. 532, 06–2013, "Paul Auster, le grand entretien"
D-Fiction, 05-2013, "Aran"
Art+Politique, 2012, "Du partage des richesses"
Lieux d'Être, N°51, printemps 2011, "Il ne suffit pas de bégayer"
Viceversa Littérature, N°5 (2011), "Château Solitude"
La Revue de Belles-Lettres, 134e année, numéro 1–2 2010, "Un terrain parmi d'autres"
Antilipseis Magazine, mars 2011, in: "Perceptions"
The Black Herald Press, 1st issue, January 2011,
revue China Dolls, Beijing, été 2010, "The Glory of the body",
revue Hétérographe N°4, automne 2010, Sandra Moussempès, Photogénie des ombres peintes
revue fario, May/June 2009, " La vie sauve "
revue Faire Part, " Caroline Sagot Duvauroux, Vol-ce-l'est, l'autre chose ", avril 2009
participation au catalogue d'exposition du peintre Winfried Veit, avril 2009
revue Viola, " Solitudine publica ", mars 2009
revue Hétérographe, " Solitude publique ", mars 2009
revue Action restreinte, " Kit & Scat Song ", février 2009
François Bon, " Tu marchais dans la maison des morts, vidéo ", dans : " François Bon, éclats de réalité ", Dominique Viart et Jean-Bernard Vray (eds), PU de Saint Etienne 2008
Joë Bousquet, " Mystique ", dans : Joë Bousquet, " Maigre nudité du soir ", éditions de l'Atelier du Gué 2008
revue Lieux d'Être N° 45, " Naître détruit ", 2007
revue Faire Part N° 20–21, " Coudrier, une gravure à la Manière noire ", dans : " Matière d'Origine : Jacques Dupin ", 2007
Aral, dans : " Jean-Marie Barnaud, Pour saluer la bienvenue ", Bibliothèque municipale de Charleville-Mézières 2002
Short movies
Phil Rahmy currently displays his vision as a director and award-winning independent short film producer through his latest productions which are currently being distributed and viewed globally.
Latest viewings
Uplink Factory, video festival, official selection of Swiss short Films (OBLO), "The Body remains", Tokyo, Japan, 2011.
Gallery Arts-en-l'Ile, projection of "M.R.I. ", curator Penelope Petsini, Geneva, Switzerland, 2010
Special Prize of the Jury at the Oblò Underground Short Film Festival, "The Body remains", Lausanne, Switzerland, 2009
Museum of Modern Arts (MAMCO), projection of "M.R.I"., Geneva, Switzerland, 2009
Festival Côté Court 2008, official selection of "The Body remains", Cinéma 104, Pantin, France, 2008.
Un festival c'est trop court, programm FILMS D'ICI, official selection, "The Body remains", Nice, France, 2008.
Official Selection for exhibition in the New York International Independent Film & Video Festival, "The Body remains", New York February, Manhattan, NYC, 2008.
Photography
His photographic work concentrates on the human body and the topic of so-called "normality".
Latest expos
Photovision 2011, exposition of the series "The Glory of the Body", in collaboration with Antilipseis Magazine of Photography. At the end of 2011, the expo will be part of the Athens School of Fine Arts fund, Athens, Greece, 2011.
China Dolls Magazine, "Body & Norm", Beijing, China, 2010.
Special Prize of the Jury at the Oblò Underground Short Film Festival, "The Body remains", Lausanne, Switzerland, 2009
Universal Exposition of Shanghai, "Immobility and Movement", FFA Pavilion, Shanghai, China, 2010
Revue d'Ici Là, Online Art Magazine, France, 2010.
Un festival c'est trop court, programm FILMS D'ICI, official selection, "The Body remains", Nice, France, 2008.
Screenwriting
Phil Rahmy is active as a screenwriter, and has co-founded Wallman Productions, a Hollywood-based independent film and music production company, in association with the famous jazzman Art Johnson.
Distinctions / Grants
2017 : Writer-in-residence, Fondation Jan Michalski pour l'écriture et la littérature, Montricher, Switzerland
2017 : Swiss Literature Awards for Allegra (Éditions La Table Ronde, 2016)
2016 : Prix Eugène-Rambert for Allegra (Éditions La Table Ronde, 2016)
2016 : Writer-in-residence, Escuela de Otoño de Traducción Literaria en Lenguas Vivas, Buenos Aires
2015 : Writer-in-residence, Château de Lavigny
2014 : Prix Dentan for Béton armé (Éditions La Table Ronde, 2013)
2014 : Prix Pittard de l'Andelyn for Béton armé (Éditions La Table Ronde, 2013)
2014 : Meilleur récit de voyage - Sélection Lire for Béton armé (Éditions La Table Ronde, 2013)
2013 : Prix Wepler Fondation La Poste 2013 Mention spéciale du jury for Béton armé (Éditions La Table Ronde, 2013)
2011 : Writer-in-residence, Shanghai Writers Association
2010 : Finaliste Prix FEMS pour la littérature
2010 : Lauréat de la bourse d'écriture Pro Helvetia
2006 : Prix des Charmettes/Jean-Jacques Rousseau for "Mouvement par la fin" (Cheyne Editeur, 2005)
References
Sources
Bibliothèque cantonale universitaire
articles by Philippe Rahmy on remue.net
texts by Philippe Rahmy on remue.net
poetry books edited by Cheyne Editeur
rahmyfiction.net Philippe Rahmy's blog
Category:1965 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:Swiss male poets
Category:Swiss male novelists
Category:People with osteogenesis imperfecta
Category:21st-century Swiss novelists
Category:21st-century Swiss poets
Category:21st-century male writers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dominican Republic Shooting Federation
The Dominican Republic Shooting Federation was founded in 1963 and is the umbrella organization for sport shooting in the Dominican Republic, being a member of the international organization:
International Shooting Sport Federation
References
Category:Shooting sports organizations
Category:Sports governing bodies in the Dominican Republic | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Anna Marie Pyle
Anna Marie Pyle is an American academic who is a Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology and a Professor of Chemistry at Yale University. and an Investigator for Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Pyle is the president of the RNA Society, the vice-chair of the Science and Technology Steering Committee at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and previously she served as chair of the Macromolecular Structure and Function A Study Section at the National Institutes of Health.
Early life and education
Plye grew up in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and it was her that she first became interested in science. But it wasn't until after earning her bachelor's degree from Princeton University that she committed to a career in chemistry. In 1990, she graduated from Columbia University with a Ph.D. in chemistry. Pyle went on to postdoc at the University of Colorado until in 1992 she established a research group at Columbia University Medical Center in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics. In 2002, she moved to Yale University.
Research
Pyle joined Yale University in 2002. She researches the architectural features of large RNA molecules and RNA remodeling enzymes using experimental biochemistry and crystallography. such as self-splicing introns and other noncoding RNAs. She has focused her research to understand how large RNAs assemble into specific, stable tertiary structures, and also how ATP-dependent enzymes in the cell recognize and remodel RNA. Specifically, she was successful in crystallizing and solving the structure of a group IIC intron from the bacterium Oceanobacillus iheyensis and moves through the stages of splicing. Pyle's research may be helpful in drug development as RNA's tertiary structure could provide insight into druggable biomolecules.
Selected awards and honors
2018 Appointed as Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology
2007 Elected American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Fellow
2005 Appointed member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
References
Category:Living people
Category:Yale University faculty
Category:Princeton University alumni
Category:American women biologists
Category:American women biochemists
Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:People from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Category:Columbia University alumni
Category:University of Colorado Boulder alumni
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, also known as rifampin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide, is a medication used to treat tuberculosis. It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication. It is taken by mouth.
Side effects are those of the underlying medications. These may include poor coordination, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, feeling tired, and numbness. Severe side effects include liver problems. Use in those under the age of 15 may not be appropriate. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby.
Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 3.93 USD a month. In the United Kingdom a month of treatment costs the NHS about 39.51 pounds.
Medical uses
The purpose of the fixed dose combination is to make it easier for people to take their medication; but also to ensure that if people forget to take one or two of their drugs, they do not then develop resistance to the remaining drugs.
Society and culture
It is manufactured by Aventis.
See also
Tuberculosis treatment
Rifampicin + isoniazid + ethambutol
References
Category:Anti-tuberculosis drugs
Category:Combination drugs
Category:Rifamycin antibiotics
Category:RTT
Category:Sanofi
Category:World Health Organization essential medicines | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tail gunner
A tail gunner or rear gunner is a crewman on a military aircraft who functions as a gunner defending against enemy fighter attacks from the rear, or "tail", of the plane. The tail gunner operates a flexible machine gun emplacement in the tail end of the aircraft with an unobstructed view toward the rear of the aircraft. While the term tail gunner is usually associated with a crewman inside a gun turret, the first tail guns were operated from open apertures within the aircraft's fuselage, like in the Scarff ring mechanism used in the British Handley Page V/1500 (a 1918 aircraft), and also, in the most evolved variants of this type of air-to-air anti-aircraft defense, they may also be operated by remote control from another part of the aircraft, like in the American B-52 bombers (an aircraft first introduced in 1955 but still in service).
General description
The tail gun armament and arrangement varied between countries. During World War II, most United States Army Air Forces heavy bomber designs such as the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Boeing B-29 Superfortress used a fixed gunner position with the guns themselves in a separate mounting covering an approximately 90-degree rear arc. Typical armament was two 0.50 inch M2 Browning machine guns.
In contrast, Royal Air Force heavy bombers such as the Avro Lancaster and Handley Page Halifax used a powered turret capable of 180-degree rotation containing the tail gunner and four 0.303 inch Browning machine guns. A similar arrangement was used in the American B-24 Liberator heavy bomber (but with two 0.50 inch heavy machine guns.) Most British turrets were manufactured by two companies Nash & Thompson and Boulton & Paul Ltd and the same turret model was fitted to a number of different aircraft.
In many German and Italian aircraft, and smaller ground attack aircraft and dive bombers, no tail gunner was used but a dorsal gun behind the cockpit or ventral gun along the belly of the aircraft replaced the tail gunner position covering the tail. This position was blocked by the fuselage but allowed better weight distribution.
The tail gunner's role was mainly as a lookout for attacking enemy fighters, particularly in British bombers operating at night. As these aircraft operated individually instead of being part of a bombing formation, the bombers' first reaction to an attacking night fighter was to engage in radical evasive maneuvers such as a corkscrew roll; firing guns in defense was of secondary importance. The British slang term for tail gunners was "Tail-end Charlies", while in the Luftwaffe they were called Heckschwein ("tail-end pigs").
In the autumn of 1944, the British began deploying Lancasters fitted with the Automatic Gun-Laying Turret, which was fitted with a 3 GHz (9.1 cm) radar. The image from the radar's cathode ray tube was projected onto the turret's gunsight, allowing the gunner to fire on targets in complete darkness, with corrections for lead and bullet drop being automatically computed. Due to it having the frequency that it did, it might potentially be spotted by any Luftwaffe night fighter fitted with the Funk-Gerät 350 Naxos radar detection system, which was primarily used to home in on the earlier H2S bombing radar system's emissions.
One important development for the Luftwaffe that never made it onto its larger night fighters or strategic bomber designs, would have been the Borsig firm's "quadmount", hydraulically-powered Hecklafette HL 131V manned tail turret, fitted with a quartet of the firm's own MG 131 machine guns. Prototype examples of the HL 131V were trialed in the late spring and summer of 1943 on a trio of He 177A-3 examples set aside as the V32 through V34 prototypes. This innovative design never made it to production status, only existing as a series of engineering department mockups with Heinkel and Junkers, among others (for their aircraft designs that were intended to mount them) and as the aforementioned working prototypes. The HL 131V turret's design was advanced for a German-origin manned emplacement, using hydraulic drive to both elevate the turret's side-mount gunmount elevation units through a +/- 60º vertical arc either side of level, with a capability for horizontal traverse (of the entire turret) of some 100º to either side, all at a top traverse angular speed of 60º per second.
First and last combat use
The first aircraft to ever have incorporated a tail gunner position was the Sikorsky Ilya Muromets bomber, during World War I and the last years of the Russian Empire. The Ilya Muromets prototype flew for the first time in 1913, with no guns on board and no rear position for the crew. When the war broke out, in 1914, only a few Ilya Muromets copies were built, but increasing numbers were required because of the war effort. After having entered the mass-production phase and having seen combat all along the first year of war against the fighter planes of the German Empire, a rear-defending position appeared to the Imperial Russian Air Service to be more and more vital to protect both the plane and its crewmen.
This is how, on March 1916, saw light of day the model S-25 (variant Geh-2) of the Sikorsky Ilya Muromets bomber plane. This aircraft was the first in history to include on its ending tail area a gunner position. Mass-production of Ilya Muromets bombers, all in all variants included, lasted in 1918 with a total of more than 80 copies. Those Ilya Muromets copies that served after the Russian Revolution, served with soviet red star insignias in the Red Air Force.
Another example of a World War I era aircraft equipped with a tail gunner position was the British Handley Page V/1500, but it did enter service at the very end of the war, during the months of October and November 1918, and finally never saw any kind of combat action. After that, during the 1920s and 30s, a few more military aircraft designs came with a gunner position on their tails, like the 1920s British Vickers Virginia (on service as of 1924) or the 1930s Japanese flying boat Kawanishi H3K (on service as of 1930). One of the first aircraft to operate a fully enclosed tail gun turret was the British Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. After a first flight in 1936, the British Whitleys were in service until the end of World War II (1939–1945).
In the overall history of its use in combat, the tail gunner was most commonly used during that conflict, World War II, and in almost every aircraft model in which it was fitted, the tail gun position was constituted of an enclosed compartment inhabited by the gunner. During World War II, this extreme tail compartment could consist, generally:
in an inside fixed gunner position, operating the articulated mount of autocannon or machine gun fire (usually one or two weapons), like in the Japanese Mitsubishi G4M bomber plane (one Oerlikon 20 mm autocannon) or the American B-17 and B-29 bombers (a mount of two 0.50 Browning M2 machine guns), or;
in a hydraulically or electrically powered and fully enclosed gun turret, usually rotating horizontally and mounting one, two or more automatic firearms, like in the advanced variants of the American B-24 bomber (different turret models, all equipped with two 0.50 Browning M2), or in the British bombers Avro Lancaster (a Nash & Thompson FN-20 turret with four Browning .303 Mark II machine guns) and Handley Page Halifax (a Boulton & Paul Type E Mk III turret, also mounting four 0.50 Browning M2).
In the last years of the war, the American B-29 bombers were equipped with a tail gun position in which the gunner still had a direct view on his target while operating his synchronized weapons, but some other gun positions of this particular model of Boeing bomber were, for the first time in an aircraft, operated from other parts of the plane, each one spotting the target by means of a periscopic viewing system. In the years that followed the war, more and more subsequent tail gun positions in aircraft inherited this viewing and sight method, ending afterwards with added radar sights and radar targeting systems, which had been early tested during the World War II period (like in the radar-aimed FN121 turret fitted to some Lancaster and Halifax bombers in 1944, see above).
The tail gunner was mainly last used in combat during the Vietnam War, on large bombers. At this point, the position has become largely obsolete due to advancements in long-range air combat weapons such as air-to-air missiles as well as modern detection and countermeasures against such armaments.
On 18 December 1972, during Operation Linebacker II, USAF B-52 Stratofortresses of the Strategic Air Command conducted a major bombing campaign against North Vietnam. As the bombers approached the target, SAMs (Surface To Air Missiles) exploded around the Stratofortresses. After completing its bombing run, callsign Brown III was warned of Vietnam People's Air Force (NVAF-North Vietnamese Air Force) MiGs. Brown III's tail gunner, SSGT Samuel O. Turner, shot down a MiG-21 interceptor, becoming the first tail gunner to shoot down an enemy aircraft since the Korean War.
On 24 December 1972, during the same bombing campaign, B-52 Stratofortress Diamond Lil was attacking railroad yards at Thái Nguyên when the tail gunner detected a MiG-21 away climbing to intercept. The aircraft took evasive action and dropped chaff and flares while the gunner fired around 800 rounds from 2,000 yards, causing the MiG-21 to fall, on fire. That incident was the last tail gunner to shoot down an enemy aircraft with machine guns during wartime.
The last combat usage of tail gunners by the United States was in 1991, during the Gulf War. During the war, a missile struck a B-52 by locking onto the tail gunner's radar. It is disputed whether or not it was friendly fire by an F-4 Phantom or an enemy missile fired from a MiG-29. On 1 October 1991, Master Sergeant Tom Lindsey became the last USAF tail gunner to serve on a B-52 sortie.
List of aircraft with tail gun positions
This is a list of aircraft with tail gun positions.
France
Breguet Br.521 Bizerte – maritime patrol flying boat
Germany
Blohm und Voss BV 238 – transport flying boat (some versions only)
Dornier Do 24 – maritime patrol flying boat
Gotha Go 242 – transport
Junkers Ju 290 – long range patrol/transport
Heinkel He 177 – heavy bomber
Japan
Kawanishi H3K – patrol flying boat (open tail gunner position)
Kawanishi H6K – patrol flying boat (closed gun turret position, as all the following)
Kawanishi H8K – patrol flying boat
Mitsubishi G4M – medium bomber
Mitsubishi Ki-67 – medium bomber
Nakajima G8N – heavy bomber
Yokosuka H5Y – patrol flying boat
Netherlands
Fokker T.V
United Kingdom
Armstrong Whitworth Whitley (introduced 1937) – medium bomber; initially equipped with a manually operated tail turret featuring a single Lewis gun, it successively received 2- and then 4-gun Nash & Thompson turrets.
Avro Lancaster (introduced 1942) – heavy bomber; 4-gun Nash & Thompson tail turrets: some late-war aircraft received Village Inn automatic radar aiming and others were fitted with a Rose turret.
Avro Manchester (introduced 1940) – heavy twin engine bomber.
Blackburn Iris (introduced 1929) – patrol flying boat; Lewis guns on a Scarff ring in the extreme tail
Handley Page Halifax (introduced 1940) – heavy bomber; 4-gun Boulton Paul tail turret
Handley Page V/1500 (introduced 1918) – heavy bomber; Lewis guns on a Scarff ring in the extreme tail
Short Singapore (introduced 1935) – patrol flying boat; Lewis guns on a Scarff ring in the extreme tail
Supermarine Stranraer (introduced 1937) – patrol flying boat
Short Sunderland (introduced 1938) – maritime patrol and anti-submarine flying boat; 4-gun Nash & Thompson tail turret
Vickers Virginia (introduced 1924) – – heavy bomber; Lewis guns on a Scarff ring in the extreme tail
Vickers Wellington- (introduced 1938) medium bomber fitted with two Browning M1919s in the tail turret
Vickers Windsor (first flew 1943) – prototype heavy bomber; tail gun aiming position controlling barbette-mounted Hispano 20 mm cannon in the rear of the engine nacelles.
United States
Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress – heavy bomber; fixed tailgun position from the B-17E version onwards
Boeing B-29 Superfortress – heavy bomber
Boeing B-47 Stratojet – Cold War heavy bomber
Boeing B-50 Superfortress – Cold War heavy bomber
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress – Cold War heavy bomber
Consolidated B-24 Liberator – heavy bomber;
Convair B-36 Peacemaker – Cold War heavy bomber
Convair B-58 Hustler – Cold War supersonic bomber
Douglas XB-19 – heavy bomber
Douglas B-23 Dragon – medium bomber;
Martin B-26 Marauder – medium bomber
North American B-25 Mitchell – medium bomber
USSR/Russia
Sikorsky S-25 Ilya Muromets
Antonov An-12
Ilyushin Il-28
Ilyushin Il-40
Ilyushin Il-102
Ilyushin Il-76
Myasishchev M-4
Petlyakov Pe-8
Tupolev Tu-4
Tupolev Tu-14
Tupolev Tu-16
Tupolev Tu-22
Tupolev Tu-22M
Tupolev Tu-95/Tu-142
See also
Prominent tail gunners
Joseph McCarthy ("Tail-gunner Joe")
Wallace McIntosh
Other kinds of air gunners
Dorsal gunner
Ventral gunner
Nose gunner
References
External links
BBC People's War – Bomber aircrew story
Category:Aerial warfare
Category:Military aviation occupations
Category:Combat occupations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Egg tong sui
Egg tong sui is a classic tong sui (sweet soup) within Cantonese cuisine, essentially a sweet version of egg drop soup. It is considered a more traditional and home-style dish in China, since it is rarely if ever served at any restaurants.
Preparation
The soup recipe is simple as it only requires the boiling of water, chicken eggs, and sugar. The eggs are usually cracked open with the yolk and egg whites poured right in without any pre-mixing. It is always served hot.
See also
Tong sui
List of Chinese soups
List of soups
Category:Chinese soups
Category:Chinese desserts | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Victor Crouin
Victor Crouin (born 16 June 1999 in Marseille) is a French professional squash player. As of November 2019, he was ranked number 55 in the world.
Crouin is enrolled in the Harvard University class of 2022 and plays for Harvard's varsity squash team.
References
External links
Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:French male squash players
Category:Harvard Crimson men's squash players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
A Sinner in Mecca
A Sinner in Mecca is a 2015 documentary film from director Parvez Sharma (A Jihad for Love). The film chronicles Sharma's Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia as an openly gay Muslim. The film premiered at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival to critical acclaim as well as negative controversies. The film opened in theaters in the US on September 4, 2015 and is a New York Times Critics' Pick.
Plot
A Sinner in Mecca enters a world that has been forbidden to non-Muslims for 14 centuries. Sharma documents his journey on an iPhone and two smuggled tiny cameras. On the streets of Mecca he joins 4 million other Muslim pilgrims from different traditions of Islam, fulfilling a lifelong calling for Hajj.
The film examines parts of the ideology that governs today’s Islamic extremism and what it has in common with Saudi Arabia’s Wahabi Islam. In the movie the filmmaker, an openly gay Muslim man tries to find his own place within an Islam he has always known, an Islam that he believes bears no resemblance to Wahabi Islam.
In the movie the filmmaker sees himself as a longing Muslim, labeled an infidel, wondering if he can finally secure his place within this religion that condemns him.
Production
A Sinner in Mecca is co-produced with Arte and ZDF in Europe.
The film is set in Saudi Arabia, India, and the United States.
Festivals
A Sinner in Mecca continues to play at many film festivals around the world. Its European premiere was at the UK's Sheffield Doc/Fest where it was nominated for a Grand Jury Award. Additional security was provided. The film won the Grand Jury Award for Best Documentary at Outfest in Los Angeles. where additional security was provided as well.
A Sinner in Mecca premiered at the 2015 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival and had a limited US theatrical release beginning on September 4, 2015. The film continues to play at international festivals including CPH Dox in November, 2015 and IDFA in November, 2015. It won the Grand Jury award at Outfest, Los Angeles in July, 2015 and the Best Documentary Award at Image+Nation in Montreal in December, 2015. The film was among those in consideration for an Academy Award on October 23, 2015.
Controversy
The world premiere at Hot Docs required added security in response to online hate mail and death threats against the director.
The online abuse and death threats around the film continued through its theatrical release and its debut on iTunes, Netflix and television channels.
The film was initially slated to be screened at the 26th Singapore International Film Festival. Due to the country's conservative policies, permission to screen the film was withheld at the last minute.
Critical reception
The New York Times named the movie a Critics' Pick and said “Mr. Sharma has created a swirling, fascinating travelogue and a stirring celebration of devotion. We emerge from his film more enlightened.” Critic Alan Scherstuhl in the Village Voice said “Next time you hear politicians or right-wing broadcasters asking why “moderate” Muslims don't denounce terrorism, show them this movie.” The Los Angeles Times in a feature about the movie wrote “Challenging his own faith in the face of adversity.” In a story on the film, The Washington Post called the film “Complex" and "Revelatory". In a feature about the film, Yahoo News called the film “A Rebuke of Saudi Arabia”.
The film received universal acclaim upon its 2015 Hot Docs premiere. The Hollywood Reporter called it “Wrenching… gritty… surreal and transcendent; Visceral and Abstract… a true act of courage and hope.” The Guardian wrote, “With poetic simplicity… a delicately personal story and a call to action.” OUT Magazine described it as “Brave... An unprecedented exploration of Islam.” Indiewire wrote, “Powerful, Illuminating … a remarkable examination of contemporary Islam.” NOW Toronto said, “Spectacular… Emotional core stands out”. BBC Persian called it “Shocking and Courageous”. Screen Daily referred to the film as ““Unprecedented… Surreal.” The Toronto Star called it “A deeply personal film about faith and forgiveness.” Scroll.in said, “Deeply personal … High Drama … A protest against Saudi Arabia”. J.B. Spins wrote, “Nonfiction-filmmaking does not get much gutsier than Sharma video-documenting his hajj... Bold and stingingly truthful, A Sinner in Mecca is very highly recommended.” Anne Thompson in Thompson on Hollywood wrote, “The film combines the political, the personal and the spiritual in a remarkable way”. It has a score of 76% on Metacritic. The film has a score of 85% on Rotten Tomatoes.
In a feature on the film, The Daily News said it was “(A) death defying religious journey.” In its review of the film, The Daily News said “Compelling… takes its audience where no film has gone before”
NBC News while writing about the film called it “The Talk of the documentary circuit.”
The Daily Beast says “Goes undercover...A rare look...sure to be controversial.”
In its review of the film, Slant Magazine calls it “A work of vital social and political import.”
Writing about the film, VICE says “Brilliant...Rare...Takes aim at Wahhabi Islam.”
In a special feature about the film Paper Magazine says, “Surreal...Bold...An incredibly rare insight.”
The Advocate says the film is “Like a carefully constructed thriller.”
The Daily Mail says the film is “Powerful”.
Religion News Service wrote a detailed feature about the film on September 10, 2015.
Christianity Today says the film is “Critical but not mocking”.
JB Spins calls the film “The Bravest documentary of the year”.
Out (magazine) published an op-ed about Parvez Sharma's Hajj.
Jahan News, an Iranian news agency, denounced the filmmaker for promoting “the disgusting act of homosexuality” and labeled the film "an attack on Islam."
Awards
Grand Jury Award for Best Documentary at Outfest in Los Angeles.
Won a RapidLion for Best Documentary Feature, 2016
Movies that Matter, The Hague, 2016
Best Documentary, Image+Nation Film Festival, Montreal 2016
Best Documentary, Reeling Film Festival
See also
List of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender-related films of 2015
References
External links
Official Website
Official Trailer
IMDB
A Sinner in Mecca on Netflix
A Sinner in Mecca on iTunes
Category:2010s documentary films
Category:Documentary films about LGBT and Islam
Category:Hajj accounts
Category:Films shot in Saudi Arabia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Marco Baldini
Marco Baldini (born Florence, September 3, 1959) is an Italian television and radio personality.
He's best known for his highly successful partnership with Fiorello on radio and television.
Biography
After starting at age 21 to work for in Tuscan radio with Marco Vigiani, he began broadcasting nationally with Radio Deejay, for which he has produced several programs (Baldini Ama Laurenti, Tutti per l'una, Baldini's land, Marco Baldo Show). In 1989 Marco first broadcast his show Viva Radio Deejay on the Milanese network with Rosario Fiorello, who provided impressions and characters. In 1987 he hosted the Videomusic program On the air.
He has had several personal problems (such heavy losses in horse race betting ). This led him to be dropped from Radio DeeJay, after which he moved for a short time to Italy Radio Network (RIN), where he conducted along with Fave, Angelo and Max, a program called Le Fave del Mattino (The Morning Beans). His personal problems continued and he was also forced to leave his position at the RIN.
Baldini produced the radio version of the television program "Tonight I'll pay ... Revolution", broadcast on Rai Uno in 2004 and hosted by Fiorello. Baldini managed the radio transmission, and interacted with Fiorello in a series of sketches similar to those used in the program Viva Radio2.
In September 2005 he published his autobiography "Il giocatore (ogni scommessa è un debito)" (The Player; Every Bet is a Loss).
In 2007 he participated in the celebrity poker tournament organized by Sky Sports.
In January 2008, he hosted, together with Fiorello, the ten-part minishow Viva Radio Two ... minutes, aired on Rai Uno after the 8 o'clock news.
On March 9, 2013 he returned to Radio Deejay on weekend mornings, with the program "The Marchino catches the worm", wave from 7.00 to 9.00
On 21 June 2013, the director of Radio Deejay, Linus, announced on his blog the conclusion of the employment relationship with Baldini, to take place at the beginning of the following month.
Political commitment
In April 2008, he joined the call for the unity by the communists, along with other public figures.
In July, 2009 he was one of the promoters of the movement "Left-Communist People".
Private life
In September 2007, Marco married the radio host Stefania Lillo, with his friend Fiorello as best man.
He is a fan of the ACF Fiorentina soccer team.
Advertising
(2008) - Fiat series of commercials shot in the studio of Viva Radio 2 with his colleague Fiorello
(2011-2012)- Wind, advertising always Fiorello is where the new "nice phone"
Filmography
The 2008 comedy-drama movie The Early Bird Catches the Worm, is an adaptation of his autobiography "The Player (each bet is debt)", with Elio Germano playing Baldini.
External links
http://www.MarcoBaldo.it official website
References
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian radio personalities | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Yulin Township, Xinxiang
Yulin Township () is a township under the administration of Yanjin County, Xinxiang, Henan, China. , it has 14 villages under its administration.
References
Category:Township-level divisions of Henan
Category:Yanjin County, Henan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alexander Flores
Alexander Flores may refer to:
Alexander Flores (boxer) (born 1990), American boxer
Alexander Flores (actor) (born 1990), American actor, appearing as Winston in the Maze Runner film series | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Monarchy of Denmark
The Monarchy of Denmark, colloquially known as the Danish Monarchy, is a constitutional institution and a historic office of the Kingdom of Denmark. The Kingdom includes Denmark, as well as the autonomous regions of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Kingdom of Denmark was already consolidated in the 8th century, whose rulers are consistently referred to in Frankish sources (and in some late Frisian sources) as "kings" (). Under the rule of King Gudfred in 804 the Kingdom may have included all the major provinces of medieval Denmark.
The current unified Kingdom of Denmark was founded or re-united by the Viking kings Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth in the 10th century. Originally an elective monarchy, it became hereditary only in the 17th century during the reign of Frederick III. A decisive transition to a constitutional monarchy occurred in 1849 with the writing of the first Constitution. The current Royal House is a branch of the princely family of Glücksburg, originally from Schleswig-Holstein in modern-day Germany, the same royal house as the Norwegian and former Greek royal families.
The Danish Monarchy is constitutional and as such, the role of the monarch is defined and limited by the Constitution of Denmark. According to the constitution, the ultimate executive authority over the government of Denmark is still by and through the monarch's royal reserve powers; in practice these powers are only used according to laws enacted in Parliament or within the constraints of convention. The monarch is, in practice, limited to non-partisan functions such as bestowing honours and appointing the prime minister. The monarch and his or her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial, diplomatic and representational duties.
Queen Margrethe II ascended the throne on the death of her father, King Frederick IX, on 14 January 1972. On her accession, Queen Margrethe II became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margrethe I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375‒1412, during the Kalmar Union. Danish regnal names have traditionally (since 1513) alternated between "Frederick" (Frederik) and "Christian"; Margrethe has taken the place of a Christian, and accordingly her heir apparent is Crown Prince Frederik.
History
Early kingdom
The Danish monarchy is over 1200 years old, founded in the 8th century (or earlier). The line of kings of the modern kingdom of Denmark can be traced back to Harthacnut father of Gorm the Old (), who reigned in the early 10th century. The kingdom itself though is probably a couple of hundred years older than that.
The Danes were united (or more likely reunited) and officially Christianized in 965 CE by Harald Bluetooth, the story of which is recorded on the Jelling stones. The exact extent of Harald's kingdom is unknown, although it is reasonable to believe that it stretched from the defensive line of Dannevirke, including the Viking city of Hedeby, across Jutland, the Danish isles and into southern present day Sweden; Scania and perhaps Halland. Furthermore, the Jelling stones attests that Harald had also "won" Norway. The son of Harald, Sweyn Forkbeard, mounted a series of wars of conquest against England, which was completed by Sweyn's son Cnut the Great by the middle of the eleventh century. The reign of Cnut represented the peak of the Danish Viking age; his North Sea Empire included England (1016), Denmark (1018), Norway (1028) and held strong influence over the north-eastern coast of Germany.
The last monarch descended from Valdemar IV, Christopher III of Denmark, died in 1448. Count Christian of Oldenburg, descendant of Sophia, the daughter of Valdemar IV's aunt Richeza of Denmark, Lady of Werle, who was the daughter of Eric V of Denmark, was chosen as his successor and became the next monarch of Denmark, ruling under the name Christian I. Richeza thus was the female founder of the House of Oldenburg.
Absolutism
Originally the Danish monarchy was elective, but in practice the eldest son of the reigning monarch was elected. Later a Coronation Charter was signed by the king to restrict the powers of the Danish monarch.
In 1657, during the Second Northern War, King Frederick III launched a war of revenge against Sweden which turned into a complete disaster. The war became a disaster for two reasons: Primarily, because Denmark's new powerful ally, the Netherlands, remained neutral as Denmark was the aggressor and Sweden the defender. Secondly, the Belts froze over in a rare occurrence during the winter of 1657-1658, allowing King Charles X Gustav of Sweden to lead his armies across the ice to invade Zealand. In the following Treaty of Roskilde, Denmark–Norway capitulated and gave up all of Eastern Denmark (i.e. Skåne, Halland, Blekinge and Bornholm), in addition to the counties of Bohuslän and Trøndelag in Norway.
But the Second Northern War was not yet over. Three months after the peace treaty was signed, Charles X Gustav held a council of war where he decided to simply wipe Denmark from the map and unite all of Scandinavia under his rule. Once again the Swedish army arrived outside Copenhagen. However, this time the Danes did not panic or surrender. Instead, they decided to fight and prepared to defend Copenhagen. Frederick III had stayed in his capital and now encouraged the citizens of Copenhagen to resist the Swedes, by saying he would "die in his nest", rather than to evacuate to safety in Norway. Furthermore, this unprovoked declaration of war by Sweden finally triggered the alliance that Denmark–Norway had with the Netherlands, and a powerful Dutch fleet was sent to Copenhagen with vital supplies and reinforcements, which saved the city from being captured during the Swedish attack.
Charles X Gustav suddenly died of an illness in early 1660, while planning an invasion of Norway. Following his death, Sweden made peace in the Treaty of Copenhagen. The Swedes returned Trøndelag to Norway and Bornholm to Denmark, but kept the other territories gained two years earlier. The Netherlands and other European powers accepted the settlement, not wanting both coasts of the Øresund strait controlled by Denmark. This treaty established the boundaries between Norway, Denmark, and Sweden that still exist today. Absolutism was introduced in 1660–1661 and the elective monarchy was de jure transformed into an hereditary monarchy. Male primogeniture succession was laid down in law in the Royal Decree of 1665.
Constitutional period
When he succeeded to the throne in January 1848, King Frederick VII was almost at once met by the demands for a constitution and an end to absolutism. The Schleswig-Holsteiners wanted an independent state while the Danes wished to maintain South Jutland as a Danish area. Frederick VII soon yielded to the Danish demands, and in March he accepted the end of absolutism, which resulted in the June Constitution of 1849. During the First War of Schleswig against the German powers in 1848–51, Frederick appeared as ”the national leader” and was regarded almost as a war hero, despite having never taken any active part in the struggles. On 5 June 1849 the constitution, known as the June Constitution, was altered to create the framework of a constitutional monarchy for Denmark. As King Frederick VII was without legitimate issue, Prince Christian of Glücksborg was chosen in 1853 as heir presumptive to the Danish throne, with the approval of the great powers of Europe, in light of the expected extinction of the senior line of the House of Oldenburg. A justification for this choice was his marriage to Louise of Hesse-Kassel, who as a niece of Christian VIII, was a more close relative to the incumbent king than her husband.
Upon the death of King Frederick VII of Denmark in 1863, Christian IX acceded to the throne as the first Danish monarch of the House of Glücksburg. Christian IX eventually became known as Father-in-law of Europe due to his family ties with most other ruling dynasties of Europe: His daughter Princess Alexandra married Edward VII of the United Kingdom, another daughter Princess Dagmar married Alexander III of Russia and Princess Thyra married Crown Prince Ernst August of Hanover. His son Vilhelm went on to become George I of Greece. Further, his grandson Carl became Haakon VII of Norway. To this day the Danish Royal Family are related to most other reigning European dynasties.
The Easter Crisis of 1920 was a constitutional crisis which began with the dismissal of the elected government by King Christian X, a reserve power which was granted to him by the Danish constitution. The immediate cause was a conflict between the king and the cabinet over the reunification with Denmark of Schleswig, a former Danish fiefdom which had been lost to Prussia during the Second War of Schleswig. According to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the disposition of Schleswig was to be determined by two Schleswig Plebiscites: one in Northern Schleswig (today Denmark's South Jutland County), the other in Central Schleswig (today part of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein). Many Danish nationalists felt that Central Schleswig should be returned to Denmark regardless of the plebiscite's results, generally motivated by a desire to see Germany permanently weakened in the future. Christian X agreed with these sentiments, and ordered Prime Minister Carl Theodor Zahle to include Central Schleswig in the re-unification process. As Denmark had been operating as a parliamentary democracy since the Cabinet of Deuntzer in 1901, Zahle felt he was under no obligation to comply. He refused the order and resigned several days later after a heated exchange with the king.
Subsequently, Christian X dismissed the rest of the government and replaced it with a de facto conservative care-taker cabinet under Otto Liebe. The dismissal caused demonstrations and an almost revolutionary atmosphere in Denmark, and for several days the future of the monarchy seemed very much in doubt. In light of this, negotiations were opened between the king and members of the Social Democrats. Faced with the potential overthrow of the Danish monarchy, Christian X backed down and dismissed his own government. This was the most recent time that a sitting Danish monarch made an executive decision without the support of a cabinet accountable to the legislature; following the crisis, Christian X accepted his drastically reduced role as symbolic head of state.
The Act of Succession of 27 March 1953 was promulgated after a 1953 referendum introduced the possibility of female succession and, in effect, made the current queen regnant, Margrethe II, the heir presumptive and eventual successor to her father, Frederick IX upon his death in 1972, rather than her uncle Prince Knud.
Following a referendum in 2009, the Act of Succession was amended so that primogeniture no longer puts males over females. In other words, the first-born child would become heir to the throne regardless of gender.
Constitutional and official role
According to the Danish Constitution, the Danish Monarch, as the de facto head of state, is the holder of executive and, jointly with the Folketing, legislative power. The Monarch has the ability to deny giving a bill royal assent as well as to choose and dismiss the Prime Minister or any Minister of Government with or without cause; however, no Monarch has exercised the latter powers since King Christian X dismissed the government on 28 March 1920, sparking the 1920 Easter Crisis.
However, when reading the Danish Constitution of 1953, it is important to bear in mind that the usage of the word king, in the context of exercising acts of state, is understood by Danish jurists to be read as the Government (consisting of the Prime Minister and other ministers). This is a logical consequence of articles 12, 13 and 14, all of which in essence stipulate that the powers vested in the monarch can only be exercised through ministers, who are responsible for all acts, thus removing any political or legal liability from the Monarch.
Today the Queen delegates much royal authority to Ministers in government, allowing the Queen to engage in the ceremonial role outlined by the Danish constitution. The Prime Minister and Cabinet attend the regular meetings of the Council of State, at which the Monarch presides and gives royal assent to laws. The Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs report regularly to the Queen to advise her of the latest political developments. The Queen hosts official visits by foreign Heads of State, pays state visits abroad, receives letters of credence from foreign ambassadors and signs those of Danish ambassadors. The convention for appointment of a new prime minister after a general election is that after consultation with representatives of the political parties, the Queen invites the party leader who has the support of the largest number of seats in the Folketing to form a government. Once it has been formed, the Queen formally appoints it.
Greenland and the Faroe Islands
Greenland and the Faroe Islands are two Danish dependencies which enjoy Home-rule and their head of state is also the monarch of Denmark, in accordance with the Danish Constitution.
After a referendum in Greenland in 2009, the Danish Parliament implemented a new Danish Law called Act on Greenlandic Self-rule, which, unlike any other case with the Indigenous Peoples around the world, acknowledges Greenlanders as a people in accordance to the International Law, and hereby giving the Greenlanders ability to obtain sovereignty.
Succession
Denmark has had absolute primogeniture since 2009.
The Danish Act of Succession adopted on 27 March 1953 restricts the throne to those descended from King Christian X and his wife, Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, through approved marriages.
Dynasts lose their right to the throne if they marry without the permission of the monarch given in the Council of State. Individuals born to unmarried dynasts or to former dynasts that married without royal permission, and their descendants, are excluded from the throne. Further, when approving a marriage, the monarch can impose conditions that must be met in order for any resulting offspring to have succession rights. Part II, Section 9 of the Danish Constitution of 5 June 1953 provides that the parliament will elect a king and determine a new line of succession should a situation arise where there are no eligible descendants of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine.
The monarch of Denmark must be a member of the Danish National Church, or Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark (Danish Constitution, II,6). The National Church is by law the State Church, though the monarch is not its head.
Background
The first law governing the succession to the Danish throne as a hereditary monarchy was the Kongeloven (), enacted 14 November 1665, and published in 1709. It declared that the crown of Denmark shall descend by heredity to the legitimate descendants of King Frederick III, and that the order of succession shall follow semi-Salic primogeniture, according to which the crown is inherited by an heir, with preference among the Monarch's children to males over females; among siblings to the elder over the younger; and among Frederick III's remoter descendants by substitution, senior branches over junior branches. Female descendants were eligible to inherit the throne in the event there were no eligible surviving male dynasts born in the male line. As for the duchies, Holstein and Lauenburg where the King ruled as duke, these lands adhered to Salic law (meaning that only males could inherit the ducal throne), and by mutual agreement were permanently conjoined. The duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief), Holstein and Lauenburg (German fiefs) were joined in personal union with the Crown of Denmark.
This difference caused problems when Frederick VII of Denmark proved childless, making a change in dynasty imminent, and causing the lines of succession for the duchies on one hand and for Denmark on the other to diverge. That meant that the new King of Denmark would not also be the new Duke of Schleswig or Duke of Holstein. To ensure the continued adhesion of the Elbe duchies to the Danish Crown, the line of succession to the duchies was modified in the London Protocol of 1852, which designated Prince Christian IX of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, as the new heir apparent, although he was, strictly, the heir neither to the Crown of Denmark nor to the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein or Lauenburg by primogeniture. Originally, the Danish prime minister Christian Albrecht Bluhme wanted to keep the separate hereditary principles, but in the end the government decided on a uniform agnatic primogeniture, which was accepted by the Parliament.
This order of succession remained in effect for a hundred years, then the Salic law was changed to male-preference primogeniture in 1953, meaning that females could inherit, but only if they had no brothers. In 2009, the mode of inheritance of the throne was once more changed, this time into an absolute primogeniture.
Privileges and restrictions
Following the transformation of Denmark's monarchy from elective (at least theoretically, although it had generally descended to the eldest son of the House of Oldenburg since 1448) to hereditary in 1660, the so-called Kongelov () established the right to rule "by the grace of God" for King Frederick III and his posterity. Out of the articles in this law, all except for Article 21 and Article 25 have since been repealed.
Article 21 states "No Prince of the Blood, who resides here in the Realm and in Our territory, shall marry, or leave the Country, or take service under foreign Masters, unless he receives Permission from the King". Under this provision, princes of Denmark who permanently reside in other realms by express permission of the Danish Crown (i.e. members of the dynasties of Greece, Norway and the United Kingdom) do not thereby forfeit their royalty in Denmark, nor are they bound to obtain prior permission to travel abroad or to marry from its sovereign, although since 1950 those not descended in male-line from King Christian IX are no longer in the line of succession to the Danish throne. However, those who do reside in Denmark or its territories continue to require the monarch's prior permission to travel abroad and to marry.
Article 25 of the Kongelov stipulates, with respect to members of the Royal dynasty: "They should answer to no Magistrate Judges, but their first and last Judge shall be the King, or to whomsoever He decrees." Although all other articles of the Kongelov have been repealed by amendments to the Constitution in 1849, 1853 and 1953, these two articles have thus far been left intact.
Residences
The royal palaces of Denmark became property of the state with the introduction of the constitutional monarchy in 1849. Since then, a varying number of these has been put at the disposal of the monarchy. The agreement on which is renewed at the accession of every new monarch.
Current residences
Amalienborg Palace
The monarch has the use of the four palaces at Amalienborg in Copenhagen as a residence and work palace. Currently, the Queen herself resides in Christian IX's Palace and the Crown Prince in Frederik VIII's Palace. Christian VIII's Palace has apartments for other members of the royal family, whereas Christian VII's Palace is used for official events and to accommodate guests.
Amalienborg was originally built in the 1750s by architect Nicolai Eigtved for four noble families; however, when Christiansborg Palace burned in 1794, the royal family bought the palaces and moved in.
The state rooms of Christian VIII's Palace and Christian VII's Palace may be visited by the public on guided tours.
Christiansborg Palace
In addition, parts of Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen is also at the disposal of the monarch. It is the site of official functions such as banquets, state dinners, diplomatic accreditations, public audiences, meetings of the Council of State, receptions, royal christenings, lyings-in-state and other ceremonies. Also, the Royal Stables which provide the ceremonial transport by horse-drawn carriage for the royal family, is located here.
The present building, the third with this name, is the last in a series of successive castles and palaces constructed on the same site since the erection of the first castle in 1167. The palace today bears witness to three eras of architecture, as the result of two serious fires in 1794 and in 1884. The main part of the current palace, finished in 1928, is in the historicist Neo-Baroque style. The chapel dates to 1826 and is in a Neoclassical style. The showgrounds were built 1738-46, in a Baroque style.
The royal parts of the palace are open to the public when not in use.
Fredensborg Palace
Another residence is Fredensborg Palace north of Copenhagen which is used principally in Spring and Autumn. It is often the site of state visits and ceremonial events in the royal family.
The palace may be visited by the public on guided tours when not in use.
Graasten Palace
In Jutland, Graasten Palace is at the disposal of the monarch. It was used as the summer residence of King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid. Since the death of Queen Ingrid in 2000, the Queen has stayed at Graasten for a yearly vacation in summer.
Hermitage Hunting Lodge
The hunting lodge the Eremitage Palace in the Dyrehaven deer park north of Copenhagen is used during royal hunts in Dyrehaven.
Sorgenfri Palace
Finally, Sorgenfri Palace is at the disposal of the monarch. It was the residence of Hereditary Prince Knud and Hereditary Princess Caroline Mathilde and is not in official use at all at this time.
Marselisborg Palace
Apart from these state-owned palaces, Marselisborg Palace in Aarhus is privately owned by the Queen. It functions as the summer residence of the Queen, as well as during the Easter and Christmas holidays.
Royal Family
In the Kingdom of Denmark all members of the ruling dynasty that hold the title Prince or Princess of Denmark are said to be members of the Danish Royal Family. As with other European monarchies, distinguishing who is a member of the national Royal Family is difficult due to lack of strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member. The Queen and her siblings belong to the House of Glücksburg, a branch of the House of Oldenburg. The Queen's children and male-line descendants belong agnatically to the family de Laborde de Monpezat.
Main members
The Danish Royal Family includes:
The Queen
The Crown Prince (Prince Frederik, The Queen's elder son)
The Crown Princess (Princess Mary, The Crown Prince's wife)
Prince Christian (The Crown Prince's elder son)
Princess Isabella (The Crown Prince's elder daughter)
Prince Vincent (The Crown Prince's younger son)
Princess Josephine (The Crown Prince's younger daughter)
Prince Joachim (The Queen's younger son)
Princess Marie (Prince Joachim's second wife)
Prince Nikolai (Prince Joachim's eldest son)
Prince Felix (Prince Joachim's second son)
Prince Henrik (Prince Joachim's youngest son)
Princess Athena (Prince Joachim's daughter)
The Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Princess Benedikte, The Queen's sister)
The Queen of the Hellenes (Queen Anne-Marie, The Queen's sister)
Extended members
The extended Danish Royal Family which includes people who do not hold the title of Prince or Princess of Denmark but have close connections to the Queen could be said to include:
The Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Prince Gustav, Princess Benedikte's son)
Princess Alexandra of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Princess Benedikte's eldest daughter)
Count Jefferson von Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth (Princess Alexandra's husband)
Count Richard von Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth (Princess Alexandra's son)
Countess Ingrid von Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth (Princess Alexandra's daughter)
Princess Nathalie of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Princess Benedikte's youngest daughter)
Alexander Johannsmann (Princess Nathalie's husband)
Konstantin Johannsmann (Princess Nathalie's son)
Louisa Johannsmann (Princess Nathalie's daughter)
Count Ingolf of Rosenborg (cousin of the Queen)
Countess Sussie of Rosenborg (Count Ingolf's wife)
Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg (former daughter-in-law to the Queen, mother of Prince Nikolai & Prince Felix)
Greek Royal Family
Most members of the Greek Royal Family are members of the Danish Royal Family and bear the title of Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark, as descendants of Christian IX of Denmark. Due to the morganatic status of her marriage, Marina, Consort of Prince Michael, and their children, Princesses Alexandra and Olga, are exceptions.
Style
The monarchs of Denmark have a long history of royal and noble titles. Historically Danish monarchs also used the titles 'King of the Wends' and 'King of the Goths'. Upon her accession to the throne in 1972 Queen Margrethe II abandoned all titles except the title 'Queen of Denmark'. The kings and queens of Denmark are addressed as 'Your Majesty', whereas princes and princesses are referred to as His or Her Royal Highness (Hans or Hendes Kongelige Højhed), or His or Her Highness (Hans or Hendes Højhed).
Eric of Pomerania: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Pomerania.
Christopher of Bavaria: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria.
The full title of the Danish sovereigns from Christian I to Christian II was: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Sweden and Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst.
Frederick I of Denmark: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, elected King of Norway.
The full title of the Danish sovereigns from Christian III to Christian VII was: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst.
Oldenburg was elevated to a duchy during the reign of Christian VII, and the style was changed accordingly: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen and Oldenburg. This style was used until his son, Frederick VI, lost control of the Kingdom of Norway by the 1814 Treaty of Kiel.
Frederick VI gained control over Rügen 1814–1815 leading to the style: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Prince of Rügen, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen and Oldenburg.
In 1815, Frederick VI relinquished Rügen in favour of the Prussian king, and instead gained the Duchy of Lauenburg from the British-Hanoveran king leading to the style: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg. This style was used until 1918 when Iceland was elevated to an independent state in union with Denmark.
The full title of Christian X from 1918 to 1944: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, Iceland, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg.
The full title of Christian X following the 1944 dissolution of the Dano-Icelandic union: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg. The same style was used by his son, Frederick IX, until his death in 1972
When ascending the throne in 1972, Margrethe II abandoned all the monarch's traditional titles except the title to Denmark, hence her style By the Grace of God, Queen of Denmark.
See also
Danish Realm
Throne Chair of Denmark
List of Danish monarchs
Line of succession to the Danish throne
List of orders, decorations, and medals of the Kingdom of Denmark
Royal Life Guards (Denmark)
Royal Stables (Denmark)
Roskilde Cathedral
Danish colonial empire
Danish monarchs' family tree
Royal mottos of Danish monarchs
Kong Christian stod ved højen mast
Royal Danish Ceremonial Car "Store Krone"
Primogenitor
References
External links
The Official Website of the Danish Monarchy
Category:Government of Denmark
Category:Government of Greenland
Category:Government of the Faroe Islands | {
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Christopher Adamson
Christopher Warren Adamson (born 6 June 1956 in Ewell, Surrey) is a British actor. His height is 6 feet, 3 inches (1.91 m).
He often portrays large, tough villains in many films, such as Judge Dredd (as Mean Machine Angel), Lighthouse, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, and Freakshow.
Filmography
Bullseye! (1990) .... Death's Head
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991) .... Soldier
Edward II (1991) .... Thug #3
Fool's Gold: The Story of the Brink's-Mat Robbery (1992, TV Movie) .... Winchester Warder
The Young Americans (1993) .... Billy Cohen
Dirty Weekend (1993) .... Serial Killer
The Three Musketeers (1993) .... Henri
The Magician (1993, TV Movie) .... Radio Operator
Murder Most Horrid (1994-1999, TV Series) .... Mikey Perugiano / Mr. Beast
Beyond Bedlam (1994) .... Weasel
Beg! (1994) .... Detective Jarvis
Mad Dogs and Englishmen (1995) .... Max Quinlan
Judge Dredd (1995) .... Mean Machine
Cutthroat Island (1995) .... Dawg's Pirate
London's Burning (1996, TV Series) .... Metson
The Prince and the Pauper (1996, TV Series) .... Sentry
Crime Traveller (1997, TV Series) .... Crowley
The Fifth Element (1997) .... Airport Cop
The Bill (1997-2001, TV Series) .... Tam Morris / Bob Forrest
Jonathan Creek (1998, TV Series) .... The Stalker
Les Misérables (1998) .... Bertin
La vuelta de El Coyote (1998) .... Walker
Duck Patrol (1998, TV Series) .... Silty Moffat Jr.
Razor Blade Smile (1998) .... Sethane Blake
Lighthouse (1999) .... Leo Rook
Sacred Flesh (1999) .... Father Peter
Lock, Stock... (2000, TV Series) .... Three Feet
The Count of Monte Cristo (2002) .... Maurice
Murder in Mind (2002, TV Series) .... Detective Stetford
The Last Horror Movie (2003) .... Killer
Evil Aliens (2005) .... Llyr Williams / Alien Surgeon
The Rising: Ballad of Mangal Pandey (2005) .... Anson
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006) .... Jimmy Legs (Dutchman)
Freakshow (2007) .... Lon
Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007) .... Jimmy Legs (Dutchman)
Allan Quatermain and the Temple of Skulls (2008) .... Anisley Hartford
Mutant Chronicles (2008) .... Hodge
F (2010) .... Janitor
The Scared of Death Society (2010) .... Mr. Russell
The Shadow Line (2011, TV Series) .... Richards
The Great Ghost Rescue (2011) .... Man on a soap box
The Sleeping Room (2014) .... Fiskin
Legend (2015) .... Philip Testa
Leatherface (2017) .... Dr. Lang
External links
Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:English male film actors
Category:English male television actors
Category:Male actors from Surrey
Category:People from Ewell
Category:20th-century English male actors
Category:21st-century English male actors | {
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Old Erie Path
The Old Erie Path is a 3.4 mile north-south rail trail in the town of Orangetown, Rockland County, New York. It begins at the southern edge of South Nyack at the end of the Raymond G. Esposito Trail, spanning Grand View-on-Hudson and Piermont before terminating at the junction of the Joseph B. Clarke Rail Trail in Sparkill. The trail is a dirt path, suitable for hiking and mountain biking.
The trail follows the former Northern Branch, which was originally constructed in 1859 by the Northern Railroad of New Jersey from Nyack to Pavonia Terminal in Jersey City. In 1942, the Northern Railroad of New Jersey was sold to the Erie Railroad, where it was known as the Northern Branch until passenger service ceased in 1966.
The trail passes by Piermont station, which is maintained by the Piermont Historical Society and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as of 2008. The ruins of the platform of the Grand View station are visible from the trail, but the stationhouse collapsed during a storm in 1970. The trail's end is the site of the Sparkill station, but there are no remnants of the station.
References
Category:Erie Railroad lines
Category:Protected areas of Rockland County, New York | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Codo del Pozuzo District
Codo de Pozuzo District is one of five districts of the province Puerto Inca in Peru.
History
Codo del Pozuzo is a racial integration of Europeans (Austrians and Germanise), Peruvian ethnic group and different provinces of the country. This district is situated in the central jungle, and has progressed very fast by its own people, for their authorities and for their wide and flat country.
References
External links
Municipal web site | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Gez Boland
Gez Boland or Gaz Boland () may refer to:
Gez Boland, Bushehr
Gez Boland, Fars
Gaz Boland, Shahr-e Babak, Kerman Province
Gaz Boland, Dehaj, Shahr-e Babak County, Kerman Province | {
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Top drive
A top drive is a mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides clockwise torque to the drill string to drill a borehole. It is an alternative to the rotary table and kelly drive. It is located at the swivel's place below the traveling block and moves vertically up and down the derrick.
The top drive allows the drilling rig to drill the longer section of a stand of drill pipe in one operation. A rotary table type rig can only drill (single drill pipe) sections of drill pipe whereas a top drive can drill stands (double and triple drill pipe respectively, a triple being three joints of drillpipe screwed together), depending on the drilling rig size. Handling longer sections of drill pipe enables a drilling rig to make greater daily progress because up to can be drilled at a time, thus requiring fewer "connections" to add another of drill pipe. Another advantage of top drive systems is time efficiency. When the bit progresses under a kelly drive, the entire string must be withdrawn from the well bore for the length of the kelly in order to add one more length of drill pipe. With a top drive, the draw works only has to pick up a new stand from the rack and make up two joints. Making fewer and quicker connections reduces the risk of a stuck string from annulus clogging while drilling fluid is not being pumped.
Several different kinds of top drives exist, and are usually classified based on the "Safe Working Load" (SWL) of the equipment and the size and type of motor used to rotate the drillpipe. For offshore and heavy duty use, a 1000 short ton unit would be used, whereas a smaller land rig may only require a 500 short ton device. Various sizes of hydraulic motors, or AC or DC electric motors, are available.
Standards
API 8A: Specification for Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment
API 8B: Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Hoisting Equipment
API 8C: Specification for Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment
ISO 13535: Recommended Practice for Procedures for Inspections, Maintenance, Repair, and Remanufacture of Hoisting Equipment
Companies
MHWirth
Atlas Copco
BenTec
DrillMec
Herrenknecht Vertical Gmbh
Warrior
Cameron
National Oilwell Varco
Canrig
Global Drilling Support
NorDrill
Cakra Petrokindo Utama
References
Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary
Tesco Top Drives
Canrig Drilling Technology
LeTourneau Technologies (now Cameron)
National Oilwell Varco
Warrior Rig
GDS International
Category:Oilfield terminology
Category:Drilling technology
Category:Petroleum engineering | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2001–02 United States network television schedule
The 2001–2002 United States network television schedule is for United States broadcast television on all six commercial television networks for the fall season beginning in September 2001. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as Monday Night Football.
New fall series are highlighted in bold.
NOTE: The September 11 attacks hindered the ability to start airing shows in a timely manner. Although many series began their seasons in September and October as regularly scheduled, the television season officially did not begin until the month of November. From February 8 to 24, 2002, all of NBC's primetime programming was preempted in favor of coverage of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.
Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season.
Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season.
Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season.
PBS is not included; member stations have local flexibility over most of their schedules and broadcast times for network shows may vary.
Sunday
NOTE: FOX aired 2 episodes of The Chamber in mid-January 2002. During the fall, Futurama and King of the Hill were preempted by overruns of NFL games. On The WB, Lost in the USA was supposed to air at 7-8, but it was cancelled due to 9/11 problems.
Monday
Note: On ABC, The Runner was supposed to start when Monday Night Football concludes, but it was cancelled due to production problems.
Tuesday
Note: Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Roswell moved to UPN from The WB this season.
Wednesday
NOTES: 1. When ABC announced their 2001 Fall Schedule, originally the plan was for The Job to air after The Drew Carey Show starting in mid-September and NYPD Blue would air in the 10pm ET timeslot after 20/20 Downtown returned to Friday nights in late December. However, after the terrorist attacks on September 11th, 2001, ABC decided to not air The Job until mid-season because the show was set in New York City. In October, when the sitcom Bob Patterson was not doing well in the ratings on Tuesday nights, they moved the show to the Wednesday 9:30pm ET timeslot and put NYPD Blue in the Tuesday 9pm ET timeslot.
2. That '80s Show premiered midseason on January 23 on FOX in the 8:00pm ET timeslot.
Thursday
Friday
NOTE: FOX aired The Chamber on January 25th, 2002 after two preview airings on past Sunday nights. The show was cancelled after its Friday night airing.
Saturday
By network
ABC
Returning series
20/20
The ABC Monday Night Movie
America's Funniest Videos
Dharma & Greg
The Job
The Mole
Monday Night Football
My Wife and Kids
NYPD Blue
Once and Again
Primetime Thursday
Spin City
The Drew Carey Show
The Practice
The Wayne Brady Show
The Wonderful World of Disney
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire
Whose Line Is It Anyway?
New series
According to Jim
Alias
The Bachelor
Bob Patterson
The Chair
The Court
Houston Medical
George Lopez
Monk
Philly
Thieves
Vanished
Wednesday 9:30 (8:30 Central)
Widows
Canceled/Ended
Dot Comedy
The Geena Davis Show
Gideon's Crossing
Madigan Men
Making the Band
The Norm Show
The Trouble With Normal
Two Guys and a Girl
CBS
Returning series
48 Hours
60 Minutes
60 Minutes II
Becker
Big Brother
CBS Sunday Movie
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Everybody Loves Raymond
The District
Family Law
JAG
Judging Amy
The King of Queens
Survivor
That's Life
Touched by an Angel
Yes, Dear
New series
AFP: American Fighter Pilot
The Amazing Race
The Agency
Baby Bob
Citizen Baines
Danny
The Education of Max Bickford
The Ellen Show
First Monday
The Guardian
Wolf Lake
Canceled/Ended
Bette
Big Apple
Diagnosis: Murder
The Fugitive
Kate Brasher
Nash Bridges
Some of My Best Friends
Walker, Texas Ranger
Welcome to New York
Fox
Returning series
Ally McBeal
America's Most Wanted: America Fights Back
Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction
Boston Public
Cops
Dark Angel
Futurama
Family Guy
FOX Night at the Movies
Grounded for Life
Guinness World Records Primetime
King of the Hill
Malcolm in the Middle
That '70s Show
The Simpsons
Titus
Temptation Island
World's Wildest Police Videos
The X-Files
New series
24
30 Seconds to Fame
The American Embassy
American Idol
Andy Richter Controls the Universe
The Bernie Mac Show
The Chamber
Greg the Bunny
Love Cruise
Meet the Marks
Pasadena
That '80s Show
The Tick
Undeclared
Canceled/Ended
Boot Camp
FreakyLinks
The Lone Gunmen
Murder in Small Town X
Night Visions
Normal, Ohio
The Street
NBC
Returning series
Dateline NBC
Ed
ER
Fear Factor
Frasier
Friends
Just Shoot Me!
Law & Order
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Providence
Spy TV
Three Sisters
Third Watch
The Weakest Link
The West Wing
New series
Crime & Punishment
Crossing Jordan
Dog Eat DogEmerilImagine ThatInside SchwartzLaw & Order: Criminal IntentLeap of FaithLost
Meet My Folks
The Rerun Show
Scrubs
UC: Undercover
Watching Ellie
Canceled/Ended
Cursed (renamed The Weber Show)
DAG
Daddio
Deadline
The Downer Channel
The Fighting Fitzgeralds
First YearsGo FishKristinThe Michael Richards Show3rd Rock from the SunTitansTuckerUPN
Returning seriesBuffy the Vampire Slayer (moved from The WB)GirlfriendsThe HughleysThe ParkersRoswell (moved from The WB)Special Unit 2UPN's Night at the MoviesWWF SmackDown!New seriesAs IfOne on OneThe Random YearsStar Trek: EnterpriseUnder One RoofCanceled/EndedFreedomLevel 9MoeshaSeven DaysStar Trek: VoyagerThe WB
Returning series7th HeavenAngelCharmedDawson’s CreekFelicityFlix From the FrogFor Your LoveGilmore GirlsNikkiPopstars USARipley's Believe It or Not!Sabrina the Teenage WitchThe Steve Harvey ShowNew seriesElimidate DeluxeGlory DaysThe Jamie Kennedy ExperimentMaybe It's MeMen, Women & DogsMy Guide to Becoming a Rock StarOff CentreRaising DadRebaSmallvilleCanceled/EndedBuffy the Vampire Slayer (moved to UPN)Grosse PointeHypeJack & JillThe Jamie Foxx ShowThe OblongsThe PJsPopularRoswell'' (moved to UPN)
References
Category:United States primetime network television schedules
Category:2001 in American television
Category:2002 in American television | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1914 in radio
The year 1914 in radio involved some significant events.
Events
October 6 – Edwin Howard Armstrong is granted a United States patent for the regenerative circuit.
Births
January 20 – Roy Plomley, English radio broadcaster (died 1985)
January 26 – Jack de Manio, English radio broadcaster (died 1988)
February 25 – John Arlott, English cricket commentator (died 1991)
July 22 – Charles Régnier, German actor (died 2001)
October 27 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and radio broadcaster (died 1953)
October 29 – Ben Gage, American actor, singer and radio announcer (died 1978)
December 25 – Abelardo Raidi, Venezuelan sportswriter and radio broadcaster (died 2002)
December 29 – Margaret Hubble, English radio presenter (died 2006)
References
Category:Radio by year | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Paolo Lorenzani
Paolo Francesco Lorenzani (5 January 1640 – 28 October 1713) was an Italian composer of the Baroque Era. While living in France, he helped promote appreciation for the Italian style of music.
Lorenzani was born in Rome and was trained by Orazio Benevoli, maestro di cappella for the Cappella Giulia in The Vatican.
He served in Rome as maestro di cappella at the Church of the Gesù and Collegio Romano, the first Jesuit university, which later expanded to become Pontifical Gregorian University. He later served at the cathedral of Messina in Sicily.
In 1678, Lorenzani traveled to Paris, hoping to find fortune. His motets were performed for Louis XIV, who recognized his talent and appointed him music master to the queen. Under orders of the king, Lorenzani traveled back to Italy and recruited singers for the monarch's chapel. Despite assistance from Madame de Montespan, he never achieved sufficient popularity to overcome great antagonism from Jean-Baptiste Lully, a great force in French music at the time. Underhanded efforts by Lully probably kept Lorenzani from receiving several available posts at the Chapelle royale in 1683. This setback and the death of the queen marked the beginning of Lorenzani's break with Versailles. Due to his ultramontane beliefs, he was ordered to leave Versailles, thanks to protests made by Lully.
Despite all of that, an Italian Serenade in 1684 proved to be a success, thanks to help from Michel Richard Delalande. In Paris, he earned a post as maître de musique at a Theatines monastery. Here, he conducted his own music in the presence of Italophile aristocrats. In 1688, his opera Oronthée, composed in the French style, premiered at the Académie royale in Chantilly. In 1693 Lorenzani published his Grand Motets, which were dedicated to the king.
He returned to Rome in 1695 and served as maestro di cappella for the Cappella Giulia.
References
Category:1640 births
Category:1713 deaths
Category:Italian male classical composers
Category:Italian Baroque composers
Category:Italian musicians
Category:Settecento composers
Category:18th-century male musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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