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K141
K141 may refer to:
Russian submarine K-141 Kursk, a Russian submarine lost at sea in 2000
HMCS Summerside (K141), a Canadian Royal Navy corvette
K-141 (Kansas highway), United States, a road
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Leon C. Marshall
Leon Carroll Marshall (March 15, 1879 – March 1966) was an American economist, Professor of Political Economy and fourth dean of the Booth School of Business from 1909 to 1924, Professor at the Law School of the Johns Hopkins University, and Professor at the American University. He is known for his works on our economic organization, business administration, curriculum-making in the social studies and the divorce court.
Biography
Born in Zanesville, Ohio in 1879, Marshall in 1900 obtained his BA at the Ohio Wesleyan University, and in 1902 his MA from Harvard University, Later on in 1918 he obtained his law degree at the Ohio Wesleyan University.
Marshall started his academic career at the business school of the University of Chicago, the Booth School of Business, where he became Professor of Political Economy and was fourth dean of the business school from 1909 to 1924. Sequentially he moved to the Johns Hopkins University, where he was professor and director of its Institute of Law from 1928 to 1933. In 1934 Marshall was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt as member of the National Labor Board and of the National Recovery Administration to support Roosevelt's New Deal policies and the "measure and combat the effects of the Great Depression." He also became a member of the National Educational Association. From 1936 to 1948 Marshall was Professor of Political Economy at American University in Washington, D.C.
Marshall wrote several textbooks on Social Studies topics at the secondary school and grade-school level, starting with Materials For the Study of Elementary Economics in 1913 coauthored with James A. Field (1879-1927) and Chester Whitney Wright (1880-1966).
Work
Marshall came into prominence in the years from 1913 to 1919, when he was involved with professor of Economics James A. Field and the economic historian Chester W. Wright in "attempts to move economics instruction away from the 'rigorous drill in orthodox theory' or the 'straight-jacket of conventional theory' to a method of instruction emphasizing the development of economic institutions, inquiry into current problems and issues, and fostering of creativity and originality (field 1917). To this end, they produced a book of readings to supplement the usual texts (Marshall, Wright, and Field 1913)."
Readings in Industrial Society, 1918
In 1918 Marshall published his Readings in Industrial Society. This work had a heavy emphasis on the institutional development of industrial society, the money economy and financial organization, machine industry, the wage system and the worker, industrial concentration, competition, private property, and social control."
The work contained reading from founders of the institutional economics such as Thorstein Veblen, Wesley Clair Mitchell, Walton H. Hamilton, Harold G. Moulton, Robert F. Hoxie, John M. Clark, Edwin Cannan, and John A. Hobson. He also reprinted diagrams from the work of Henry Rogers Seager, picturing the economic production and distribution from 1904, and Paul Nystrom, picturing the channels of distribution for various lines of goods from 1915.
Leon Ardzrooni, known as "Veblen's most faithful disciple", reviewed the book for Political Science Quarterly, and introduced the work as follows:
As indicated in the subtitle of this formidable volume, the author has brought together a large array of descriptive material for " a study in the structure and functioning of economic organization." Among a considerable number of students in the social sciences the feeling has been growing that economics, as studied in our colleges and universities, lacks the substance and security which is often obtained in other fields of intellectual endeavor by a happy coordination of historical perspective and speculative logomachy. With a view to attain such an end, there have appeared in recent years several volumes of " selected readings " for the study of economics and economic problems. The present one is a creditable addition to this goodly list in the publication of which the University of Chicago Press has taken a leading part.
Clarence Edwin Ayres explicitly regarded "Marshall's book as a contribution to the institutional type of economics."
Our economic organization, 1921
In 1921 Marshall and Leverett S. Lyon (1885-1959) published their "Our economic organization." The main purpose of this book in the field of elementary economics is to present in systematic fashion the structure of economic society under the spur of competition.
The treatment is necessarily brief on account of the large number of topics to be covered, and also on account of the requirements of an elementary text book. The approach is functional. The authors stated in its preface the purpose is to present economic organization in its functional aspect, to show in some detail not so much what the organization is as how it operates.
The distinguishing feature of the volume is the effort to depict social structures in terms of what they do. The functions, the uses, the work, of banks, of business organization, of competition, of specialization], of government, of scientific management, of education, and of other multitudinous agencies which together make up our want-gratifying machine, are the matters with which the book is concerned.
And more even specific "it is a study of the devices which exist in industrial society, primarily in terms of their activities, and, quite secondarily, in terms of their structures."
Economic organization compared to machine; a process approach to economics
In a 1921 review of the work The American Economic Review, by Everett Walton Goodhue (1878-1940s), Professor of Sociology and Economics at Colgate University, Goodhue explained, that this work compares the economic organization to machine, and introduces a process approach (or systems approach) to economics. Goodhue (1921) explained.
Our economic organization is compared to a machine with parts, articulation of parts, motive power, and control or guidance. No one claims that the machine at all times or perhaps at any time works perfectly. There are still many defects. Some parts are not well adapted to their uses; parts rattle, jam and squeak; too much or perchance at times too little motive power is applied; and at times (business depressions) the whole machine seems to break down. Despite the defects, however, the machine functions and is surprisingly well adapted to its purpose of producing goods in quantity, of producing them at right times, and of getting them into the hands of consumers with some accuracy and comparatively little difficulty.The real test of any good machine is that it be designed for its purpose and that it accomplish that purpose at as low a cost as possible under the conditions which prevail at the time. Our economic machine appears to fulfill these conditions. On this point, indeed, many earnest students of economics honestly doubt the truth of the above statement. They see glaring faults of economy and justice, and take decided exception to the proposition that the present economic organization is adapted to its purpose. Possibly in the past, it is said, but certainly not today.
The complete work is illustrated with over 100 illustrations; tables, schemes, pictures, drawings, maps, graphs, block diagrams, tree diagrams, classification and organization charts, presenting a mix of empirical and theoretical data. The process approach is recognizable in the visualization of some specific economic phenomena in diagrams, such as the diagram of gratifying wants (see image).
Goodhue (1921) further explained, that the book at the outset rather assumes human wants and the goods to gratify those wants. Its interest lies in the field of processes. The aim was to start the student in elementary economics with a study of our want gratifying machine, to show him how this machine has come to be, and how it serves its purpose in apportioning our social resources, viz: labor power, capital, acquired knowledge and natural resources to the production and sale of goods.
Although this approach to economics in its time was somewhat new and rather unorthodox, nevertheless there was much to be said in its favor, according to Goodhue (1921):
It serves at the outset to develop an interest in economics in the mind of the student, a thing much to be desired.
It introduces the student to something with which he is a bit familiar, instead of very early in the course dropping him down into the midst of an elusive exposition of marginal utility and marginal cost.
In describing for the student the existing system of economic organization it better prepares him to grasp the difficulties of terminology and theory on which the organization is based.
There is no attempt to expound principles. All that is left to be taken up at a later point in the course. Those who have taught elementary economics will appreciate the difficulty of interesting and holding the students when they are plunged at the outset into the midst of the complexities of utility, value, and prices. This book goes far to solve that most difficult problem of arousing student interest in the course. It was considered eminently practical, readable, suggestive, and as such merits consideration.
Topics discussed in the book
The topics discussed in the book are in the main those of Professor Marshall's more pretentious work Readings in Industrial Society. The first two chapters on human wants and social resources aim to show the reasons for any form of economic organization.
Then follow six chapters on English industrial history which, as the authors state, "are not 'historical' in any orthodox sense of the term. They are a somewhat more extended view of the problem at issue." The remainder of the book is taken up with a functionalized description of the economic organization of the United States. There are four chapters on specialization, two on machine industry, three on business organization, three on the province of the enterpriser, two each on money and financial organization and the utilization of natural and human resources, and one on planning, guiding, and controlling.
Reception
A 1921 review of this work by Goodhue, states that:
... it is clear that what should be included, what should be excluded, where the emphasis should be placed is largely a matter of choice, and is somewhat dependent upon the purpose the authors have in mind. Not all topics which quite fall within the scope of the book can be equally well treated, especially if the work is elementary in character. It may be a source of disappointment to certain readers that the authors have done little more than to suggest or imply at some points in their discussion the motive forces of organization. We find comparatively little on gain-seeking, prices, competition, property, contract, and the necessities for interdependence.
And furthermore:
The book does not pretend to cover the entire field of economics. It is designed merely as an introductory text and can well be combined with some one of the standard works on the Principles of Economics. As a stimulating, attractive, readable book it is a great success. The authors should be complimented on making available this material on economic organization in such a clear and teachable form. The practical questions at the end of each chapter are helpful and suggestive, and add a good deal to the teachable qualities of the book.
Selected publications
Field, James Alfred; Marshall, Leon Carroll; Wright, Chester Whitney. Materials For the Study of Elementary Economics, University of Chicago Press, 1913.
Judd, Charles Hubbard, and Leon Carroll Marshall. Lessons in community and national life. Series B, for the first class of the high school and the upper grades of the elementary school. United States. Bureau of Education; United States. Food and Drug Administration, 1918.
Marshall, Leon Carroll, Readings in industrial society; a study in the structure and functioning of modern economic organization. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1920.
Leon C. Marshall and Leverett S. Lyon. Our economic organization. New York : Te Macmillan Company, 1921.
Marshall, Leon Carroll, Business administration. Chicago, Ill., The University of Chicago press, 1921.
Marshall, Leon Carroll. The story of human progress. The Macmillan company, 1928.
Marshall, L. C., May, G., Marquard, E. L., & Reticker. The Divorce Court. Johns Hopkins Press, 1932.
Marshall, Leon Carroll, and Rachel Marshall Goetz. Curriculum-making in the Social Studies. C. Scribner's sons, 1936.
References
Attribution
This article incorporates public domain material from the 1921 review by Everett W. Goodhue.
External links
L. C. Marshall Papers at american.edu
Category:1879 births
Category:1966 deaths
Category:American business theorists
Category:Ohio Wesleyan University alumni
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:University of Chicago faculty
Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty
Category:American University faculty and staff
Category:People from Zanesville, Ohio
Category:Economists from Ohio
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Assin North Municipal District
The Assin North Municipal is one of the seventeen (17) districts in the Central Region of Ghana. Its capital is Assin Bereku
List of settlements
Sources
District: Assin North Municipal District
References
Category:Districts of the Central Region (Ghana)
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Dębiany, Kętrzyn County
Dębiany (German Dombehnen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barciany, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia. It lies approximately south-east of Barciany, north of Kętrzyn, and north-east of the regional capital Olsztyn.
Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).
The village has a population of 80.
References
Category:Villages in Kętrzyn County
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Randall Smith (disambiguation)
Randal Smith may refer to:
Randall Smith, (born 1960), Canadian musician
Randall D. Smith (born 1943/44), American hedge fund manager
Randall Lee Smith, (died 2008), American, convicted murderer
Randal Smith, 2nd Baron Bicester
Randall Brian Smith (baseball)
See also
Randy Smith (disambiguation)
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Tappeh Hammam
Tappeh Hammam or Tappeh Hamam () may refer to:
Tappeh Hammam-e Olya
Tappeh Hammam-e Sofla
Tappeh Hammam-e Vosta
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Severin Lieblein
Johan Nicolai Severin Lieblein (16 May 1866 – 23 June 1933) was a Norwegian writer.
He was born in Kristiania as a son of Jens Lieblein (1827–1911) and his first wife Johanne Alette Danielsen (1838–1866). His father married anew in 1869.
He became known for the short story collections Fra fremmed land (1901), Kismet (1909) and I baldakinens skygge (1917) and the children's book Bedre mands børn (1902).
References
Category:1866 births
Category:1933 deaths
Category:Writers from Oslo
Category:Norwegian male short story writers
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Petar Franjic
Petar Franjic (born 7 April 1992) is an Australian footballer who currently plays for Avondale FC in the National Premier Leagues Victoria.
Club career
Franjic joined the Melbourne Knights FC under 21 squad in 2009 after spending a number of years with the Victorian Institute of Sport. That year, he made his breakthrough into senior football, making six appearances for the first team in the Victorian Premier League in the first half of the season.
He was then picked up by A-League side Melbourne Victory FC, initially with the youth team. On 10 May 2010, he was signed to a two-year professional contract with Victory. On 9 January 2013, it was announced that Petar Franjic was released by mutual termination by Melbourne Victory to seek first team, playing opportunities. In his three seasons with the Victory, Franjic made 31 appearances in the league.
After short stints with Victorian sides Richmond SC and Hume City FC, in August 2014, Franjic moved to Uzbek League side Olmaliq. The Uzbeq adventure didn't last long for Franjic, who returned to Australia after making just three league appearances.
Upon his return to Australia, Franjic once more signed for Hume City FC.
Franjic signed for Avondale FC for the 2017 season.
Honours
With Australia:
AFF U-16 Youth Championship: 2008
References
External links
Melbourne Victory profile
Category:1992 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian soccer players
Category:Melbourne Victory FC players
Category:Hume City FC players
Category:Avondale FC players
Category:Australian people of Croatian descent
Category:Victorian Institute of Sport alumni
Category:A-League players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:Association football defenders
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I Can Make You Love Me
I Can Make You Love Me, also known as Stalking Laura, is an American made-for-television film starring Richard Thomas and Brooke Shields. The film is based on the real-life story of American mass murderer Richard Farley, a former employee of ESL Incorporated whose romantic obsession and subsequent stalking of co-worker Laura Black culminated in the mass murder of several co-workers at ESL's headquarters in California, resulting in the first anti-stalking laws to be enacted in the United States. The first half of the film covers the events of the stalking and Farley's unrequited love for Black that led to the shootings, while the second half deals with Farley's rampage on the ESL offices.
For the purposes of the film and the victims of the incident, the fictional computer company Kensitron Electronics International (K.E.I.) was used to portray the events at ESL Incorporated.
Synopsis
Laura Black, a young and ambitious intern from Virginia, accepts a job at Kensitron Electronics International (KEI) in Silicon Valley, California. During a tour of her new workplace with future co-worker Chris, Laura meets long-time KEI employee Richard Farley, who instantly becomes infatuated with Laura's beauty. Richard invites her to a local tractor pull, but she politely refuses. Looking for a home, she later visits an apartment in Sunnyvale, and is accepted as a new roommate by the current tenant.
On her first day at the office, Richard is waiting at her new work station with fresh-baked blueberry bread to show his affections. In the days that follow, Laura enrolls in a local aerobics class, where Richard watches her intently. When the class dismisses, Richard meets Laura in the parking lot and asks her out to a concert and dinner afterwards; but again, she politely refuses. Becoming frustrated, Richard then says that they could not have a relationship if she keeps refusing him. Laura is quick to correct Richard, strictly informing him that their relationship is professional.
Richard continues to make advances on Laura, convinced that he and Laura are in a romantic relationship. At a KEI softball game, Laura once again denies that their relationship extends outside the workplace. During the game, Laura's new friend and co-worker Glenda Moritz takes note of Richard's infatuation with her, though Laura says she can handle him. Richard also becomes offended when he notices Laura and Glenda looking toward him laughing, thinking they are teasing him.
Richard continues his hopeless pursuit of Laura. Through an excuse of wanting to present a staff birthday celebration for Laura, he is permitted by a coworker to see her personal dossier, from which he learns of her birthday and address, later showing up at her apartment with a gift. When her roommate says she should inform KEI management of the apparent stalking, Laura insists that she can handle Richard, saying that if she did otherwise, she would be his defeated victim.
Richard later slashes Laura's tires at her home. Laura calls the police about the incident and suspects Richard as the culprit. Richard later confronts Laura on her suspicions, saying that she'll be sorry if he sees any cops after him. Laura finally approaches KEI management to file a formal complaint; but management brushes it off, thinking that Richard only liked her because of her smile. However, management instructs Richard to leave her alone at work, which he skirts by enrolling in the same non-work aerobics class as Laura. Richard later photographs Laura from the yard in front of her house, and uses the photos to doctor a picture of himself and Laura together. With the harassment progressing, Laura and her roommate relocate to a new apartment, which is gated for added security.
Richard later breaks into Laura's office during after-hours and discovers her new address, as well as her family records. Richard then threatens to go after Laura's sisters if Laura does not learn to accept that she "is meant for him." While visiting her family for Christmas in Virginia, a gift arrives: the above-mentioned doctored photograph of the two of them together, which Richard labels the photograph of them "on their summer vacation." Laura confesses the situation to her family, who insist that they help her get out of this before it boils over. Laura insists that she loves her job and will not let Richard intimidate her. Laura then files a second complaint at KEI upon her return, again with little effect.
On another day at work, an enraged Richard confronts Laura in the ladies' restroom, smashing the bathroom mirror and threatening her for not accepting his advances. Laura reports the incident to KEI management, and when Richard declares that he will kill anyone who attempts to interfere with his "private relationships," he is immediately fired for this threat.
The harassment continues on an irregular basis. Laura begins dating Sam Waters, who fears for Laura's safety. To protect her, Sam teaches her how to use a gun for self-defense. When Richard breaks into her garage and leaves a note on her windshield, Laura confronts him and he casually brushes it off with yet another advance. At work, Laura receives a major promotion that is delayed when she is unable to obtain security clearance. Thinking the delay is because of Richard's harassment, Chris convinces Laura to serve papers on Richard for a restraining order, which seems to set him off.
Enraged by the restraining order, Richard purchases numerous guns and over 2000 rounds of ammunition. At work, Laura is looking forward to her upcoming court appearance for the restraining order to become permanent. On that same day, Richard arrives at the KEI offices in an RV, bringing numerous shotguns, revolvers and explosives. He blasts his way through the lobby, firing at random employees. Richard blasts his way into the secure offices, shooting several more employees and killing Glenda. Richard bursts into Laura's office, shooting her in the left shoulder and leaving her for dead, though she is only unconscious.
SWAT units arrive and evacuate most of the building, though Richard remains holed up with dozens of hostages. While hostage negotiator Lt. Grijalva speaks with Richard; Laura, although weakened due to loss of blood, makes her way through the ransacked offices. Richard remains stubborn, and attempts to convince Lt. Grijalva that Laura is the guilty party for refusing dates with him, and insists that she was the one messing with him. Laura finally manages to escape the building and is rushed to a hospital for surgery on her shoulder, all the while blaming herself for the unfolding horror.
Richard continues his rampage, at one point executing one of his surviving victims, unknowingly shoots Chris (who rescued a previous victim after running in while everyone else as running out) through a wall, but also permitting Nancy to leave the building unharmed. Exhausted and thinking that he will die, Richard demands food while he considers surrendering. Hours later, the police produce the food but informs Richard that they do not have the proper means of getting the food to him. Overcome with exhaustion and dehydration, Richard agrees to surrender to the police. Seemingly unconcerned by the carnage he has caused, Richard asks Grijalva if he thinks Laura will remember all this.
Epilogue
The film ends with an epilogue on the events following the shooting:
Richard Farley was found guilty of seven counts of first-degree murder, and as of 2019 remains on death row at San Quentin State Prison.
Laura Black recovered partial use of her shoulder and continued to work for the same company (KEI's real-life counterpart, ESL Incorporated, was sold to Northrop Grumman Corporation in 2002).
In the wake of this case, as well as numerous high-profile stalking cases during the 1980s, in 1990, California became the first state to enact anti-stalking laws nationwide. All other states have since followed suit.
Main cast
Richard Thomas as Richard Farley
Brooke Shields as Laura Black
Viveka Davis as Mary Ann, Laura's roommate.
William Allen Young as Chris, Laura's section manager at K.E.I.
Richard Yniguez as Lt. Grijalva, hostage negotiator.
Scott Bryce as Sam Waters, Laura's boyfriend.
T. Max Graham as Captain Olson, Police Captain.
Tim Snay as Lt. Bannister, SWAT Officer.
Kevin Brief as Lt. Mark Shegan, Police Officer.
Dick Mueller as Tom Black.
Merle Moores as Donna Black.
Caroline Vinciguerra as Sarah Black.
Donna Thomason as Glenda Moritz, Laura's co-worker.
Hollis McCarthy as Phyllis, Laura's co-worker.
Barbara Houston as Nancy Hammond, Richard's co-worker and landlady.
External links
Category:1993 television films
Category:1990s crime drama films
Category:American crime drama films
Category:American films
Category:CBS network films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films about stalking
Category:Films set in the 1980s
Category:Films set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:Films about narcissism
Category:Crime films based on actual events
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Lee Eun-kyung (field hockey)
Lee Eun-Kyung (born 10 November 1972) is a South Korean former field hockey player who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics and in the 1996 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:South Korean female field hockey players
Category:Olympic field hockey players of South Korea
Category:Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic silver medalists for South Korea
Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey
Category:Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Category:Field hockey players at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Category:Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Category:Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
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Jukebox in My Mind
"Jukebox in My Mind" is a song written by Dave Gibson and Ronnie Rogers, and recorded by American country music group Alabama. It was released in July 1990 as the second single from their album Pass It On Down. It was a number-one hit in both the United States of America and Canada.
Chart performance
Year-end charts
References
External links
Category:Alabama (American band) songs
Category:1990 singles
Category:Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Category:RPM Country Tracks number-one singles
Category:Songs written by Ronnie Rogers
Category:Songs written by Dave Gibson (songwriter)
Category:Song recordings produced by Josh Leo
Category:RCA Records Nashville singles
Category:1990 songs
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Bitetto
Bitetto (Barese: ; , or ) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, Italy.
Main Sights
The main attraction of Bitetto is the cathedral, dedicated to Saint Michael, one of the main examples of Apulian Romanesque architecture, built in 1335. It has a sober façade divided by false columns with a big rose window. Of the three portals, the central one has a rich series of sculptures: two stone lions supporting columns with carved capitals showing vegetable motifs; these in turn support is a lunette with basreliefs of Christ and the twelve apostles. The frame has instead scenes from the New Testament. The interior was plastered in the 18th century, but was restored to the original Romanesque style in 1959. It has a nave and two aisles; the transept has three apses.
The diocese of which the building was the cathedral was founded at some date between a bull of Pope John XIX in 1025, which does not mention it among the suffragan sees of Bari, and the bull Quia nostris temporibus of Pope Urban II in 1089, which does list it among them. Its bishop Raus, the first whose name is known, took part in the Third Lateran Council in 1179. Its last bishop died on 1 January 1798. In 1818, the see was incorporated into the archdiocese of Bari. No longer a residential bishopric, Bitetto (Bitettum in Latin) is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
Twin Towns
Prienai, Lithuania
Józefów, Poland
References
Category:Cities and towns in Apulia
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Jay Scott Prize
The Jay Scott Prize is an annual film award, presented by the Toronto Film Critics Association to an emerging talent in the Canadian film industry. First presented in 2009, the award was named in memory of influential Canadian film critic Jay Scott. The award has been most commonly presented to film directors, but has also on one occasion to date been presented to an actor.
The award presents CAD5,000 to the winner.
Sponsors
From 2009 to 2012, the prize was sponsored by Deluxe. From 2013 to 2015, the prize was sponsored by Scotiabank. As of 2016, the prize is sponsored by Anheuser-Busch InBev, brewers of Stella Artois, and is now known as the Stella Artois Jay Scott Prize.
Winners
2009: Xavier Dolan, I Killed My Mother (J'ai tué ma mère)
2010: Daniel Cockburn, You Are Here
2011: Ingrid Veninger, I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person
2012: Nicolás Pereda
2013: Matt Johnson, The Dirties
2014: Albert Shin, In Her Place
2015: Anne Émond, Our Loved Ones (Les êtres chers)
2016: Ashley McKenzie, Werewolf
2017: Sofia Bohdanowicz, Maison du Bonheur
2018: Molly McGlynn, Mary Goes Round
2019: Deragh Campbell
References
Category:Toronto Film Critics Association Awards
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Charles Boyce
Charles Boyce (born 1949 in Olive Branch, Mississippi), is an American cartoonist known for his syndicated comic panel Compu-toon. Boyce is also known for creating the KeyPad Kid, a cartoon character used in public affairs awareness programs for training within the telecommunication industry.
Biography
Boyce attended the Memphis Academy of Arts in the 1960s, and in 1969 enlisted in the United States Navy.
The Compu-toon strip ran in approximately 150 newspapers from 1994 until 1997. Boyce is still producing Compu-toon by way of syndication. Andrews McMeel Syndication distributes it. Boyce resides in the northwest suburbs of Chicago with his wife.
Career
The cARToon Exhibit
Boyce was a part of the cARToon exhibit at the Barrington Area Library in January 2007. The show featured a collection of artwork titled the Blues Arrangement Exhibit. According to Boyce, the artwork showed scenes about the blues in Memphis from the early turn of the century to now by "way of events which he had seen or heard of", and contained portraits of blues musicians in various paintings such as Lead Belly, Harmonica Player, Ducks 1, and Ducks 2.
Diversity and lack thereof in syndicated cartoons
Although there was and still is a lack of diversity within cartoons, there was an increase in cartoonists of color between the years of 1988-1998. In 1988, there was only one cartoonist of color at a large syndicate; Wee Pals creator Morrie Turner. There are several potential causes to this seemingly sudden increase, such as the Free Press and The Detroit News hosting a contest for minority cartoonists as well as there being more focused press space on the issue of diversity. However, despite the increased attention and focus on improving diversity, many minority comic artists have still been rejected from major newspapers based on the fact that the newspaper "already has a minority comic", including comic artists Barbara Brandon and Rey Billingsley. On this topic, Boyce comments that “people are people” and that race has little effect on the enjoyment of a comic; that minority created comics have wide appeal. This is proved by the fact that many cartoonists of color receive fan mail from white readers, as well as the fact that nearly every minority-created comic has continued through 1988-1998, which was an especially impressive rate for the decade.
Protesting through artwork
In February 2008, Boyce was involved in a protest which called for a greater representation of black cartoon artists in newspaper comics. The protest sought to bring attention to the problem of “tokenism” in newspapers, and brings to light the issues that many black comic artists face when trying to publish their works. In addition to Boyce, the artists that participated in the protest were Jerry Craft, Charlos Gary, Steve Watkins, Keith Knight, Bill Murray, and Tim Jackson. For one day, these cartoonists all drew a very similar comic strip, which showed a scene with a white reader looking at a minority-drawn strip and complaining that it is a rip-off of the Boondocks.
References
External links
http://thekeypadkid.blogspot.com
http://www.gocomics.com/compu-toon
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:University of Illinois at Chicago alumni
Category:American comic strip cartoonists
Category:People from Olive Branch, Mississippi
Category:Artists from Mississippi
Category:African-American comics creators
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Squonk Opera
Squonk Opera is a group of interdisciplinary performing artists from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Led by artistic directors Jackie Dempsey and Steve O'Hearn, Squonk Opera formed in 1992 and has created fourteen distinct shows and performed in over 250 venues in 35 of the United States. Squonk Opera has been touring internationally since 2003 - to Scotland, Belgium, Germany and twice to South Korea, where they opened both the Busan International Performing Arts Festival and the World Music Theater Festival. In 2017, Squonk was one of the first western acts to perform at the Qingdao International Beer Festival in Qingdao, China. Over 500,000 people have seen Squonk around the world, and reviews include “a multimedia troupe of infinite jest with an imagination to match” from The New York Times, "insane majesty" from The Scotsman, and "...surreal and poetic" from USA Today.
Squonk Opera's shows consist of music, visual art, and acting elements in an attempt to make a form of opera accessible to all people. Dempsey says "we like to think of ourselves as a wacky, provincial opera company." They named the group "Squonk" after a description of a jazz saxophonist's playing as a "squonk-fest", rather than the legendary creature of the same name.
In 2000, Squonk Opera took their show Bigsmörgåsbørdwünderwerk onto Broadway from its previous off-Broadway run. Though the venture wasn't a commercial success, the exposure it gained them was ultimately beneficial.
In 2011, Squonk Opera performed on the popular television show America's Got Talent. They were sent directly past the Vegas round into Hollywood, and thus did not compete until the first quarterfinals. The group was eliminated, being buzzed by Sharon Osbourne and Piers Morgan.
Squonk Opera has received over 100 grants and awards for their work, including eight NEA awards, an American Theater Wing Award, and grants from other national funders such as the Rockefeller M.A.P. Fund, Bloomberg Philanthropies, Jim Henson Foundation, and Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Additionally, Squonk Opera has been supported by numerous local and regional funders, including Heinz Endowments, The Pittsburgh Foundation, PNC Charitable Trust, Grable Foundation, Buhl Foundation, The Opportunity Fund, and many others.
Shows
Forgotten Works (1995)
A work focusing on "consumption, waste, and recycling", in collaboration with modern dance troupe No Language. Forgotten Works was performed at Keystone Iron & Metal, a Pittsburgh scrapyard; the artists used such unlikely materials as cranes, demolished cars, and metal shearers as part of the performance.
Night of the Living Dead: The Opera (1995)
Squonk Opera was commissioned to set music and live-action performance to the classic Night of the Living Dead zombie film for City Theatre.
Firedogs (1996)
A humorous educational multimedia picture of the Pittsburgh steel industry, including such characters as "Bessie the Bessemer Furnace".
The Great Circle Route (1998)
Subtitled "The Underwater Opera", The Great Circle Route claims inspiration from medical textbooks, Godzilla movies, and Michel Foucault in a show that draws on imagery of the underwater world for a journey under the sea.
Bigsmörgåsbørdwünderwerk (1998)
A surreal tour through the "restaurant kitchen of the mind", in a mix of horror and fantasy.
Inferno (2001)
A tale of a mine fire in Centralia, Pennsylvania, based on Dante's Divine Comedy. Initially titled Burn during some early performances.
Rodeo Smackdown (2004)
Squonk chooses the unlikely setting of the rodeo for this retelling of the minotaur myth.
Put your hometown's name here: The Opera (2006)
Music meets multi-media odes to the history and ambiance of various cities, including Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Albany, St. Louis and Bloomington, In. with local talent, video-taped and projected interviews, and a host of local references tailored to each venue's locale.
Places 'Squonked' include:
Albany, NY;
Baltimore, MD;
Bloomington, IN;
Bradford, PA;
Central College(Pella, IA);
Charleston, WV;
Charlotte, NC;
Chester County, PA;
College Park, MD;
Columbia, MD;
Edwardsville, IL;
Hardin County, KY;
Houghton, MI;
Indiana County, PA;
Jersey Shore(Manasquan, NJ);
Newark, DE;
Pittsburgh, PA;
Raritan Valley, NJ;
Reston, VA;
South Orange/Maplewood, NJ;
St. Louis, MO;
Astro-rama (2008)
Squonk sends a message to the cosmos from a 40' radio telescope dish mounted to scaffold towers, and tuned to the galactic frequency of B-flat. Rising in scissor lift platforms and cherry pickers, they compose a proud message from our species, power up and transmit.
Mayhem & Majesty (2010)
The sonic hooligans of Squonk Opera explore the beauty of sound, with live feed cameras, projection puppets and kinetic machines, turning the full, fancy-dress concert setting into a playground of ideas.
GO Roadshow (2012)
GO Roadshow is “a musical street spectacle on wheels”. This show-making machine is a 34-foot long monster truck retrofitted with truck-horn calliope, a wall made of rotors and a spinning grand piano that is played while it wheels around!
Pneumatica (2014)
Pneumatica is an event about air, made by air and powered by air. The Squonkers pump up the volume with live original music that permeates the air, while inflatables pump up and immerse the audience.
Cycle Sonic (2016)
Cycle Sonic is a celebration of bicycles and sustainable power with a pageant of double-decker human-powered stages, propelled by our original chamber rock music…and our own legs!
Hand to Hand (2019)
The world's largest puppet hands power the human sized challenges of scale and agency to the strains of Squonk's original progressive rock in a rollicking and festive melee.
CDs
howandever (1994)
Ha Ha Tali (1996)
Bigsmörgåsbørdwünderwerk (2000)
Inferno (2002)
Rodeo Smackdown (2004)
You Are Here (2006)
Mayhem and Majesty (2010)
GO (2012)
Pneumatica (2014)
DVDs
Astro-rama (2008)
Cycle Sonic (2016)
See also
Theatre in Pittsburgh
External links
Squonk Opera
WKYC.com/Cleveland-September 2011
Pittsburgh City Paper-August 2011
Pittsburgh Magazine-March 2011
Pittsburgh Music History
Squonk Opera
Category:Performing arts in Pittsburgh
Category:Musical groups from Pittsburgh
Category:Performance artist collectives
Category:America's Got Talent contestants
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Fuentecén
Fuentecén is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 285 inhabitants.
Category:Municipalities in the Province of Burgos
Category:Populated places in the Province of Burgos
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Sasebo Station
is the major railway station in the city of Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture, in Japan. The Sasebo Line of the Kyushu Railway Company and the Nishi-Kyūshū Line of the Matsuura Railway provide local and regional service and connections to the extensive JR network. Sasebo is the westernmost station in the JR Group.
The plaza in front of Sasebo Station contains a multi-level shopping complex called Friesta Sasebo, with coffee shops, clothing, housewares, music and a supermarket. Within the station itself are souvenir shops featuring local foods and products.
Sasebo Station is about two hours by train from Hakata Station in the city of Fukuoka (via the Midori line) and about two hours from Nagasaki Station in the city of Nagasaki.
Across the street from Sasebo Station is the Sasebo Bus Center, which provides connecting service to many local destinations.
Lines
JR Kyushu
Sasebo Line
Matsuura Railway
Nishi-Kyūshū Line
Station layout
JR
The station is above ground level with 3 platforms and 6 tracks.
MR
The Matsuura station is above ground level with 1 platform and 2 tracks.
Surroundings
East
Ekimachi Ichōme Sasebo
Hotel Resol Sasebo
Sasebo Station Post Office
Sasebo Bus Center
National Route 35
Port
Shin-Minato Terminal
Kujirase Terminal
Sasebo Gobangai
History
January 20, 1898 - Open for business by Kyushu Railway.
July 1, 1907 - Railways nationalize and the station becomes part of Japanese Government Railways.
April 1, 1987 - Railways privatize and the station is inherited by JR Kyushu.
April 1, 1988 - JR Kyushu Matsuura Line inherited by Matsuura Railway and renamed Nishi-Kyushu Line.
December 26, 2001 - Elevated station is completed.
Adjacent stations
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 3,973 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 51st among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.
References
External links
JR Kyushu
Matsuura Railway (Japanese)
Ekimachi Ichōme Sasebo (Japanese)
Sasebo Gobangai (Japanese)
Category:Railway stations opened in 1898
Category:Railway stations in Nagasaki Prefecture
Category:Sasebo Line
Category:Sasebo, Nagasaki
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Item (TV series)
Item () is a 2019 South Korean television series based on the KakaoPage webtoon series of the same name and set to be a mystery fantasy drama. It stars Ju Ji-hoon, Jin Se-yeon, Kim Kang-woo and Kim Yoo-ri. It aired on MBC from February 11 to April 2, 2019.
Synopsis
A prosecutor and a criminal profiler work together in their attempts to decipher the secrets behind various mysterious items which have special powers.
Cast
Main
Ju Ji-hoon as Kang Gon / Kim Sung-kyu
A prosecutor who tries very hard to save his niece while also finding himself entangled in a mystery of supernatural items.
Jin Se-yeon as Shin So-young
A criminal profiler who possesses a lot of skills and, even when confronted to shocking crime scenes, stays composed.
Kim Kang-woo as Jo Se-hwang
Vice chairman of the Hwawon Group who is also a sociopath who collects items with supernatural powers by using his power and wealth. He murders anyone who tries to get in his way.
Kim Yoo-ri as Han Yoo-na
A prosecutor who becomes Jo Se-hwang's informant for the sake of her father.
Supporting
Lee Dae-yeon as Shin Goo-cheol
Shin So-young's father who helps Kang Gon. He is also a veteran investigator.
Park Won-sang as Goo Dong-yeong: A catholic priest.
Oh Seung-hoon as Seo Yo-han
A good-looking young detective with a lot of skills who earns the attention of women. Also Shin So-yeong's colleague.
Kim Byung-ki as Jo Kwan
Jo Se-hwang's father.
Shin Rin-ah as Kang Da-In
Kang Gon's niece who lost her ability to speak after her parents' deaths.
Kim Do-hyun as Choi Ho-joon
Leader of the Special Investigation Unit's profiler team and Shin So-young's boss.
Lee Jung-hyun as Ko Dae-soo
A gangster who is the original owner of the bracelet.
Kim Min-kyo as Bang Hak-jae
A thief who is currently serving his term in the prison.
Im Young-sik
Lee Sung-woo
Yuk Jin-soo
Jung In-gyeom
Production
The first script reading was held on September 20, 2018 with the attendance of cast and crew at the MBC in Sangam-dong. The author of the original webtoon was also present.
The lead couple Ju Ji-hoon and Jin Se-yeon have previously worked together in 2012 Five Fingers drama series.
Original soundtrack
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Ratings
In this table, represent the lowest ratings and represent the highest ratings.
N/A denotes that the rating is not known.
Notes
References
External links
Category:Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation television dramas
Category:2010s South Korean television series
Category:2019 South Korean television series debuts
Category:2019 South Korean television series endings
Category:Korean-language television programs
Category:South Korean mystery television series
Category:South Korean fantasy television series
Category:Television programs based on South Korean webtoons
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Chirlane McCray
Chirlane Irene McCray (born November 29, 1954) is a former writer and editor who is married to New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio. She chairs the Mayor's Fund to Advance New York City and leads ThriveNYC, and has been described as de Blasio's "closest advisor." She has also published poetry and worked in politics as a speechwriter.
Early life and education
McCray was born in Springfield, Massachusetts and spent her early years there. Her mother, Katharine Clarissa Eileen (née Edwards), was an assembly worker at an electronics factory, and her father, Robert Hooper McCray, was an inventory clerk at a military base. She is of Barbadian and St. Lucian descent, but traces her grandmother's last name (Quashie) to Ghana.
When she was ten years old, her family moved to Longmeadow, Massachusetts, becoming only the second black family in the area. Other families in the neighborhood circulated petitions demanding they leave. During a portion of her high school years, McCray was the only black student in her school. McCray cites her early experience with racism and bullying as part of the reason she began to write, using her poetry as an outlet for her anger. She wrote a column for her school newspaper in which she denounced classmates for their racism.
McCray enrolled at Wellesley College in 1972. While studying there, she became a member of a black feminist organization known as the Combahee River Collective.
Career
After graduating from college, McCray moved to New York City to work for Redbook. She published an essay in Essence in 1979 entitled "I Am a Lesbian". Essence later described the essay as "groundbreaking", asserting that it was "perhaps the first time a Black gay woman had spoken so openly and honestly about her sexuality in a Black magazine". The purpose of the essay was to "dispel the myth that there are no gay black people". Some of her poetry is included in Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology.
In 1991, McCray entered politics. She worked as a speechwriter for New York City Mayor David Dinkins. During the Clinton administration, she worked for the New York Foreign Press Center as a public affairs specialist. She also worked as a speechwriter for the New York State Comptroller Carl McCall and for New York City Comptroller Bill Thompson.
In 2004, McCray left Thompson's office to work in the private sector. She worked for five years at Maimonides Medical Center. She also worked for Citigroup in its public relations department for six months before deciding it was "not a good fit". During her husband's campaign for mayor of New York City in the 2013 election, she edited his speeches and helped interview candidates for staff positions.
Involvement in de Blasio administration
When de Blasio became mayor, he hired publicist Rachel Noerdlinger to be McCray's chief of staff. Noerdlinger later resigned her post following a series of controversies surrounding her behavior and the behavior of persons close to her.
In his second month in office, de Blasio named McCray chair of the Mayor’s Fund to Advance New York City. Since then, the Fund has focused on mental health, immigration, and youth workforce projects. In May 2018, The New York Times reported that McCray had last visited the offices of the Mayor's Fund in May 2017. The Times further reported that according to McCray's public schedule, she had spent 19.5 hours in 2017 on work for the Mayor's Fund; however, her spokeswoman estimated that McCray spent 10% of her work schedule on Mayor's Fund business.
ThriveNYC
In November 2015, McCray led the launch of ThriveNYC, a plan to overhaul the city's mental health and substance abuse services. ThriveNYC promotes a shift from a traditionally more reactive model, which can strain police, prisons, hospitals, and schools, to an integrated public health approach focusing on awareness and early identification. In February 2019, Politico criticized ThriveNYC for having an "opaque budget" and "elusive metrics". In a March 2019 article on ThriveNYC, The New York Times reported: "Public health officials credit the plan for drawing attention to mental health… At the same time, some initiatives failed to get started, while others placed unrealistic demands on already strained mental health services". The Times added: "A spreadsheet of nearly 500 data points tracked by City Hall included almost none related to patient outcomes".
ThriveNYC drew harsh criticism over allegations of mismanagement and accusations that it had failed to produce records of tangible results. As of March 2019, nearly $850 million in funding for McCray’s mental health program was unaccounted for; furthermore, the program was on track to spend $1 billion over five years. Bronx Councilman Ritchie Torres criticized ThriveNYC, stating that there was "no evidence it’s working".
Political ambitions
In March 2018, McCray stated that she was "seriously considering" running for office in 2021 (the year that de Blasio's second and final term as New York City mayor is scheduled to end). McCray added that she would not run for mayor of New York City.
Personal life
McCray published an essay in Essence in 1979 entitled "I Am a Lesbian". In that essay, McCray "frankly discussed her sexuality and expressed gratitude that she came to terms with her preference for women before marrying a man". McCray met Bill de Blasio in 1991, when they both worked at New York City Hall for Mayor David Dinkins. At the time, de Blasio was an aide to a deputy mayor and McCray was a speechwriter. McCray and de Blasio were married in 1994 in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Asked about her sexuality, McCray has stated that she hates "labels". In 2012, when asked about her 1979 essay, she commented: "In the 1970s, I identified as a lesbian and wrote about it. In 1991, I met the love of my life, married him."
McCray and de Blasio have a daughter, Chiara, and a son, Dante. The family lived in Park Slope, Brooklyn until their 2014 move into Gracie Mansion.
References
External links
Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:First Ladies of New York City
Category:American women activists
Category:African-American women writers
Category:Writers from Massachusetts
Category:American women poets
Category:African-American poets
Category:20th-century American poets
Category:American speechwriters
Category:Spouses of New York (state) politicians
Category:Spouses of United States mayors
Category:Wellesley College alumni
Category:American people of Barbadian descent
Category:American people of Saint Lucian descent
Category:People from Park Slope
Category:People from Springfield, Massachusetts
Category:American women non-fiction writers
Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers
Category:20th-century American women writers
Category:Bill de Blasio
Category:LGBT rights activists from the United States
Category:LGBT writers from the United States
Category:20th-century African-American women
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Nyírtét
Nyírtét is a village in Hungary. The nearest city is Nyíregyháza (25 km).
History
The village was first mentioned in 1271. Its name is from the Turkish word "tigit".
Tradition holds that the Holy Crown was hidden here from the Austrians for a day.
External links
Some pictures
Category:Populated places in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County
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Winnie Gibson
Winnie Gibson was the second director of the United States Navy Nurse Corps, serving in that position from 1950 to 1954.
Navy Nurse Corps career
Captain Gibson graduated from Seton Hospital, Austin, Texas, in May 1923, and worked in civilian hospitals for seven years. She became a registered nurse in December 1930.
After joining the United States Navy Nurse Corps in 1930, she served at Naval Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Naval Hospital, New York City. In January 1934, she attended the School of Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia for instruction in anesthesia. In May 1934 she was assigned as Operating Room Supervisor and Anesthetist at Naval Hospital, New York City, and was subsequently assigned to the same duties at Quantico, Virginia. In 1937, she was assigned to the . After her tour on the Relief, she was assigned as Anesthetist at Naval Hospital, Mare Island, California, and then as Anesthetist and Operating Room Supervisor at Naval Hospital, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. She was at Naval Hospital, Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. In following tours, she was assigned as Chief Nurse at the Naval Hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida; Annapolis, Maryland; and Houston, Texas.
Her last tour before being selected as Director was as Chief Nurse, U. S. Naval Hospital, Naval Medical Center, Guam, Marianas Islands.
Director, Navy Nurse Corps
During the Korean War, CAPT Gibson presided over a Nurse Corps that was required to involuntarily recall Reserve nurses at the rate of 125 per week and "freeze" those on active duty.
She retired from active duty on 1 May 1954.
Later life
Gibson retired to Ohio, then to Texas. She died on 21 July 2000, and is buried at Restland Memorial Park in Dallas, Texas.
Further reading
"Winnie Gibson Palmer DeWitt", Navy Medicine 2001, 1:26.
"MILITARY SERVICES SEEK MORE NURSES; At Convention, Heads of Army, Navy and Air Units Call on Young Women to Join", Washington Post, June 24, 1953.
"Heads Navy Nurses", Stars and Stripes, 11 Feb 1950.
Fact filled, extensively researched account of the evolution of the roles of women in the United States Navy, treating the parallel and entertwined paths of the Navy Nurse Corps and the WAVES. About one-third of the pages are devoted to notes and bibliography.
External links
Nurses and the U.S. Navy -- Overview and Special Image Selection Naval Historical Center
Category:1902 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:American nursing administrators
Category:Female wartime nurses
Category:United States Navy Nurse Corps officers
Category:World War II nurses
Category:American naval personnel of World War II
Category:American naval personnel of the Korean War
Category:United States Navy officers
Category:Korean War nurses
Category:American women in World War II
Category:Women in the United States Navy
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Ubuntu Hacks
Ubuntu Hacks: Tips & Tools for Exploring, Using, and Tuning Linux is a book of tips about Ubuntu, a popular Linux distribution. The book was published by O'Reilly Media in June 2006 as part of the O'Reilly Hacks series.
Editions
First edition (2006; 447 pages; )
External links
O'Reilly Online catalog: Ubuntu Hacks
Slashdot review
Category:2006 non-fiction books
Category:O'Reilly Media books
Category:Books about Linux
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Thor Steinar
Thor Steinar is a German clothing brand manufactured by Thor Steinar Mediatex GmbH, a subsidiary of International Brands General Trading, a Dubai-based company.
In Germany, the brand is considered closely associated to neo-Nazism by the Verfassungschutz of the state of Brandenburg.<ref>[http://www.verfassungsschutz.brandenburg.de/cms/detail.php/bb2.c.423435.de Scene costumes for right-wing extremists], from the official Web pages of the state of Brandenburg (in German).</ref> In German media, the brand is most often discussed in the light of this association. Wearing Thor Steinar clothes is expressly forbidden in the Bundestag, in the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and of Saxony and in several football stadiums.
History
The brand was registered as a trademark by Axel Kopelke in October 2002 and was manufactured by Mediatex GmbH. In March 2009, Mediatex sold the brand to International Brands General Trading, a Dubai-based company.
Controversy
Since the inception of Thor Steinar, the company has used two logos. Much of the controversy regarding the clothing label revolves around their first logo, featuring a combination of a *tiwaz rune and a *sowilo rune: the runes were so combined that a part of the logo became very similar to the wolfsangel which is used by some organisations with neo-nazi connections. It was also used by the nazis as exemplified by the insignia of the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich. In addition there is some similarity to the insignia of the Schutzstaffel.
The manufacturers of the Thor Steinar brand rejected this interpretation of the former logo.
Their second logo is a Gyfu rune, similar in appearance to a Saltire, and has not caused controversy. This rune is known as an apolitical symbol given its historical relationship to pre-Christian mythology.
On occasions Thor Steinar shops have been attacked with stones or paint bombs.
Germany
In Germany, public display of Nazi-associated symbols, denial of the Holocaust, and glorification of Adolf Hitler are illegal. Despite that, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, which collects domestic intelligence for the government, appraises the number of active participants of the far right movement at around 40,000.
Various authorities and organizations, including Brandenburg Verfassungsschutz,Verfassungsschutzbericht Brandenburg 2007 , p. 162 have identified the wearing of Thor Steinar clothes as one of the indications of membership in the far right subculture.
Wearing the label is prohibited in the German Bundestag and in the Landtags of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Saxony. In addition several football clubs including Tennis Borussia Berlin, Borussia Dortmund, Werder Bremen, Hamburger Sport Verein and Hertha BSC prohibit wearing the label in their stadiums.HSV-Presseservice (September 28, 2007). "Thor Steinar" und "Consdaple"-Kleidung in der HSH Nordbank Arena ab sofort verboten. The online retailer Amazon stopped selling the brand in 2009. Despite this, Amazon have since been criticised for employing internal security guards with far-right connections, who wore the same clothing.
Norway
Various designs by Thor Steinar have had Norwegian flags and Norwegian names, such as Trondheim, Nordfjord, Nordstrand or Bergen. The official stores selling the clothes are also named after the oldest Norwegian city, Tønsberg. The government filed a complaint against the use of the Norwegian flag in February 2008. The legal complaint however failed and it is unlikely that a second attempt will be made. The Norwegian Embassy, the Norwegian Office for Foreign Affairs were informed by Mediatex – the company behind the Thor Steinar brand – on the 6th of December 2007 that future collections starting and including the spring and summer 2008 collection will no longer use the national symbol of Norway. The company issued a statement in response to the issue.
Brevik store
Until 2008, the chain operated a store named Brevik, for the town Brevik in Telemark. In February 2012 Thor Steinar opened a new store in Chemnitz also with the name Brevik''. Its similarity to the last name of Anders Behring Breivik (who committed the 22 July 2011 Norway attacks) in conjunction with his far-right politics led to public outcry and local authorities are seeking to have the store closed. The store was eventually renamed.
See also
Nazi chic
References
External links
Official website
Category:Clothing brands of Germany
Category:Products introduced in 2002
Category:Neo-Nazism
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Thomas Simonsson
Thomas Simonsson (1350 – 1443) was a Swedish theologian and poet and the Bishop of Diocese of Strängnäs 1429 – 1443, in the Church of Sweden. He is of unknown origin.
He became canon in the diocese of Strängnäs in 1405 and studied liberal arts and canon law at the universities in Paris and Leipzig. He was one of the executors of Philippa of England's will. In 1432 he was nominated archbishop by the King Eric of Pomerania, but when the archbishop Jöns Håkansson died, the chapter elected Olov Laurensson new archbishop against the King's volition. He died in 1443 and was interred in Strängnäs Cathedral.
Category:Bishops of Strängnäs
Category:1380 births
Category:1443 deaths
Category:15th-century Swedish people
Category:Swedish Roman Catholic bishops
Category:University of Paris alumni
Category:Leipzig University alumni
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Pseudohemiculter
Pseudohemiculter is a genus of cyprinid fish occurring in eastern Asia. There are currently four species in the genus.
Species
Pseudohemiculter dispar (W. K. H. Peters, 1881)
Pseudohemiculter hainanensis (Boulenger, 1900)
Pseudohemiculter kweichowensis (D. S. Tang, 1942)
Pseudohemiculter pacboensis V. H. Nguyễn, 2001
References
Category:Cyprinid fish of Asia
Category:Cyprinidae genera
Category:Pseudohemiculter
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Diocese of Harare
Diocese of Harare may refer to:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Harare
Anglican Diocese of Harare
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Numbers (TV series)
Numbers (stylized as NUMB3RS) is an American crime drama television series that ran on CBS from January 23, 2005, to March 12, 2010. The series was created by Nicolas Falacci and Cheryl Heuton, and follows FBI Special Agent Don Eppes (Rob Morrow) and his brother Charlie Eppes (David Krumholtz), a college mathematics professor and prodigy, who helps Don solve crimes for the FBI. Brothers Ridley and Tony Scott produced Numbers; its production companies are the Scott brothers' Scott Free Productions and CBS Television Studios (originally Paramount Network Television, and later CBS Paramount Network Television).
The show focuses equally on the relationships among Don Eppes, his brother Charlie Eppes, and their father, Alan Eppes (Judd Hirsch), and on the brothers' efforts to fight crime, usually in Los Angeles. A typical episode begins with a crime, which is subsequently investigated by a team of FBI agents led by Don and mathematically modeled by Charlie, with the help of Larry Fleinhardt (Peter MacNicol) and Amita Ramanujan (Navi Rawat). The insights provided by Charlie's mathematics were always in some way crucial to solving the crime.
On May 18, 2010, CBS announced that Numbers had been canceled after six seasons.
Cast and characters
The show revolved around three intersecting groups of characters: the FBI, scientists at the fictitious California Institute of Science (CalSci), and the Eppes family.
Don Eppes (Rob Morrow), Charlie's older brother, is the lead FBI agent at the Los Angeles Violent Crimes Squad.
Professor Charlie Eppes (David Krumholtz) is a mathematical genius, who in addition to teaching at CalSci, consults for the FBI and NSA.
Alan Eppes (Judd Hirsch) is a former L.A. city planner, a widower, and the father of both Charlie and Don Eppes. Alan lives in an historic two-story California bungalow furnished with period Arts and Crafts furniture.
David Sinclair (Alimi Ballard) is an FBI field agent and was later made Don's second-in-command and promoted to supervisor.
Terry Lake (Sabrina Lloyd) is a forensic psychologist and FBI agent. (season 1)
Prof. Larry Fleinhardt (Peter MacNicol) is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist at CalSci. Charlie's former mentor and now best friend, he also frequently consults for the FBI.
Prof. Amita Ramanujan (Navi Rawat) is a mathematician at CalSci and an FBI consultant. In season two, she begins dating Charlie, to whom she is engaged and married in season six. Charlie was her thesis advisor. Her name is a reference to influential autodidactic Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan. (seasons 2–6, main; 1, recurring)
Megan Reeves (Diane Farr) is an FBI behavioral specialist. She was involved romantically with Larry Fleinhardt and left the FBI to counsel troubled young women. (seasons 2–4)
Colby Granger (Dylan Bruno) is an FBI field agent. Once thought to have betrayed his colleagues, he is now back in their good graces and confidence. (seasons 3–6, main; 2, recurring)
Liz Warner (Aya Sumika) is an FBI agent, formerly involved with Agent Eppes. (seasons 5–6, main; 3–4, recurring)
Nikki Betancourt (Sophina Brown) is an FBI agent with four years' experience in the LAPD and a law degree. (seasons 5–6)
Temporary characters on the show were often named after famous mathematicians. For example, in the episode "In Plain Sight" (season two, episode eight), one of the criminals is named Rolle and Charlie's father mentions a meeting with a man named Robert Peterson.
Episodes
Opening: (Voice-over by David Krumholtz) We all use math every day. To predict weather…to tell time…to handle money. Math is more than formulas and equations. It's logic; it's rationality. It's using your mind to solve the biggest mysteries we know.
Season one (2005)
The first-season run of the show aired between January 23, 2005, and May 13, 2005, at 10:00 pm on Fridays. It has the start of the working relationship between Los Angeles' FBI field office and Charlie Eppes. The main FBI agents are Charlie's brother, Don Eppes, and Terry Lake, as well as David Sinclair. Don and Charlie's father, Alan Eppes, provides emotional support for the pair, while Professor Larry Fleinhardt and doctoral student Amita Ramanujan provide mathematical support and insights to Charlie. Season one was a half-season, producing only 13 episodes. Sabrina Lloyd played Terry Lake, an agent, in this season; she was later replaced by Diane Farr, who played Megan Reeves.
Season two (2005–06)
The second-season run of the show aired between September 23, 2005, and May 19, 2006, again at 10:00 pm on Fridays. Season two has several changes to Don's FBI team: Terry Lake is reassigned to Washington and two new members join Don and David Sinclair: Megan Reeves and Colby Granger. Charlie is challenged on one of his long-standing pieces of mathematical work and also starts work on a new theory, cognitive emergence theory. Larry sells his home and assumes a nomadic lifestyle, while he becomes romantically involved with Megan. Amita receives an offer for an assistant professor position at Harvard University, but is plagued by doubt as her relationship with Charlie is challenged and her career is in upheaval. Alan begins work and dating again, although he struggles with the loss of his wife, and both Charlie and he dream of her.
Season three (2006–07)
Numb3rs was renewed for a third season, which began airing at 10:00 pm on Friday, September 22, 2006, and ended on May 18, 2007. Charlie and Amita intensify their relationship, as do Larry and Megan, especially after Megan's kidnapping. Amita has troubles adjusting in her new role as a CalSci professor, and Larry announces his leave of absence; he will be on the International Space Station for six months, which greatly distresses Charlie. Charlie and his colleagues are troubled by Dr. Mildred Finch, the newly appointed chair of the CalSci Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy Division, whom they learn has begun dating Alan. Meanwhile, Don dates Agent Liz Warner and questions his ethics and self worth, and receives counseling. Charlie sees Don's therapist and the two understand one another more. Despite Don's concerns, Alan engages in some FBI consulting with his knowledge of engineering, and Larry returns from the space station, disillusioned. The finale wraps up with a revelation that Colby was actually a double agent for the Chinese.
Noticeable changes from previous seasons include the removal of the opening-credit sequence (credits are now done during the first segment of the show), the absence of Peter MacNicol's character for much of the season, and the absence of Diane Farr's character for a few episodes. Peter MacNicol appeared in the first 11 episodes before leaving for the television show 24, but returned to Numbers for the 21st episode of season three ("The Art of Reckoning"). His character's absence was written into the show by having him become a payload specialist on the International Space Station. Diane Farr, pregnant for most of the season, left the show for maternity leave in episode 18 ("Democracy"); her character's absence is explained as a special assignment to the Department of Justice.
Season four (2007–08)
The season premiere aired on September 28, 2007, in the same time slot as in previous seasons, 10:00 pm Eastern Time. Because of the writer's strike, only 12 episodes were initially produced. However, once the strike ended, CBS announced the show's return April 4, 2008, with six episodes. The season ended on May 16, 2008.
As this season starts, Colby Granger escapes from jail, and is revealed to be a triple agent. He then rejoins the team. Don and Liz break up halfway through this season, after Liz has trouble with Don's trust issues. Amita's parents come to visit, which becomes a secondary theme throughout most of the season. Due to her work at the DOJ, Megan is conflicted by her work, and turns to Larry for help. Near the end of the season, Don's girlfriend from season two, Robin Brooks, returns. Don and Robin then continue their relationship. Charlie attends FBI training camp because he has been working with Don for several years and wants to better understand what his brother does. In the season finale, Megan leaves the team to move back to Washington, DC, and Charlie goes head-to-head with Don about a case. This causes Charlie to send information to scientists in Pakistan. He is subsequently arrested and has his security clearance revoked, so he can no longer help Don on cases. At the end of the episode, Don drives away to another case and Charlie admits that giving up FBI work will be harder than he expected.
Several characters from previous seasons did not appear in season four, most notably Mildred Finch and Ian Edgerton.
Season five (2008–09)
The fifth season premiered on October 3, 2008, and the season finale aired on May 15, 2009. The season premiere was moved back one week to accommodate the 2008 presidential debates.
Season five opens 3 weeks after "When Worlds Collide" (season four's finale), with the government dropping the charges against Charlie. Charlie gets his security clearance back after Don and he fight FBI Security Officer Carl McGowan. Don begins to explore Judaism. The team adds new agent Nikki Betancourt, who arrives shortly after Megan Reeves' departure. Robin is offered a promotion, but turns it down. Buck Winters (from the episodes "Spree" and "Two Daughters") breaks out of prison and comes after Don. Alan suddenly finds himself coaching CalSci's basketball team. David becomes Don's primary relief supervisor. DARPA tries to recruit Charlie, but he turns down their offer. Toward the end of the season, Don is stabbed, and Charlie blames himself for it. The aftermath of Don's stabbing causes Charlie to focus more on his FBI consultation work. Amita is kidnapped, and the team races to find her. After she is rescued, Charlie proposes to Amita. Her response is left undisclosed.
"Disturbed" marked the 100th episode of Numbers.
Season six (2009–10)
The sixth and final season premiered Friday, September 25, 2009, at 10:00 pm EDT and the season finale aired on March 12, 2010, 3 days before Hirsch's 75th birthday.
The season starts with the engagement of Charlie and Amita. Soon after, Larry turns down an opportunity to meet with mathematicians at CERN, in Geneva, and drops his course load for the following semester. This leads Charlie to realize Larry is once again leaving, and leaving all of his work to Charlie. Don learns that his former mentor is crooked, causing Don angst when he has to shoot his mentor. Charlie and Don learn that Alan has lost a substantial amount of money in his 401(k). After some delay, Larry leaves Los Angeles, only to find a vacant piece of land for sale within driving distance of the city. Alan decides to return to work and finds a job as a software technical consultant. David asks Don for advice about career paths within the FBI. Larry returns from the desert with a new theory about the universe's fate. Charlie and Amita begin planning their wedding and decide to join the Big Brother/Big Sister program to practice parenting skills. They get married before their move to England to teach at the University of Cambridge. Don loses his gun, recovers it after it is used in some vigilante murders, and gets engaged to Robin. He also decides to leave the team, taking an administrative position within the FBI. Before leaving, Charlie and Amita decide that the family garage should be converted to a guest house so Alan can continue living with them. Leaving Colby, Liz, and Nikki behind, David departs for Washington, DC, to take a position as an anticorruption team leader.
Home media
CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment) has released all six seasons of Numb3rs on DVD in Regions 1, 2, and 4.
On June 2, 2017, CBS DVD released Numb3rs: The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1.
Awards and nominations
Nicolas Falacci and Cheryl Heuton, the show's creators, have won several awards for the show, including the Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science in 2006, and the National Science Board's Public Service Award in 2007. Also, the show's stunt coordinator, Jim Vickers, was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Stunt Coordination in 2006 for episode 14 of Season 2, "Harvest".
Representation of mathematics
Several mathematicians work as consultants for each episode. Actual mathematics are presented in the show; the equations on the chalkboards are mathematically valid, and are somewhat applicable to the situations presented in each show. This mathematical validity and applicability of the equations have been asserted by professional mathematicians.
A book entitled The Numbers Behind NUMB3RS: Solving Crime with Mathematics (; published August 28, 2007), written by Keith Devlin and Dr. Gary Lorden, a consultant to the show along with Dr. Orara, a physics consultant, explain some of the mathematical techniques that have been used both in actual FBI cases and in other law-enforcement departments.
Since the premiere season, the blog edited by Prof. Mark Bridger (Northeastern University) has commented on the mathematics behind each episode of the show.
Wolfram Research (the developers of Mathematica) is the chief math consultant, reviewing scripts and providing background mathematics for the show. Starting with season four, their website in collaboration with CBS is entitled "The math behind NUMB3RS".
Alice Silverberg, a part-time mathematician consultant to the show, expressed concern with its use of mathematics, asserting that the math is inserted after the initial script and written to provide plausible-sounding jargon, rather than having consultants involved at all stages of story development. The same part-time consultant offered criticism of the show's portrayal of female mathematicians and expressed concern over the appropriateness of the relationship between Charlie Eppes and his graduate student Amita Ramanujan.
Production
The idea for Numbers was generated in the late 1990s when Nick Falacci and Cheryl Heuton, the show's creators, attended a lecture given by Bill Nye, a popular science educator. The premise of the show is similar to that of author Colin Bruce's reimaginings of the Sherlock Holmes character, and to the "Mathnet" segment on the children's television show Square One.
Gabriel Macht was originally cast to portray the character of Don Eppes. Also, the original concept for the show had the events take place at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; this was later changed to the fictional California Institute of Science, commonly called CalSci. Scenes which take place at CalSci are filmed at California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the University of Southern California. One of the most frequent campus locations at Caltech is the vicinity of Millikan Library, including the bridge over Millikan Pond, the Trustees room, and the arcades of nearby buildings. At USC, locations include Doheny Library and the Town and Gown dining room. Exteriors for the FBI offices are on the distinctive bridge at Los Angeles Center Studios.
Another common location is the Craftsman home of the Eppes family. The house shown in the first season is real; it is owned by David Raposa and Edward Trosper, although a replica set was used from the second season onwards.
Title of the show
The show uses the number three in its title instead of the letter "e". In interviews with Tom Jicha of the South Florida Sun-Sentinel and with Alan Pergament of The Buffalo News, Heuton mentioned that the use of the number three in the title derives from leet, a form of computer jargon that replaces letters with numbers. Dr. Gary Lorden, a California Institute of Technology mathematics professor who served as the show's mathematics consultant, told NPR's Ira Flatow that it was created on a normal computer keyboard. Lorden also mentioned that the use of the number three in the title can serve as a restriction in Internet searches about the series.
Both entertainment reporters and psychologists noticed the title's spelling. Some reporters, such as Joanne Ostrow of the Denver Post, the staff members of People Magazine, the editors of The Futon Critic, the staff of the Scripps Howard News Service, and Mike Hughes of USA Today acknowledged the presence of the number three in the title. Lynette Rice of Entertainment Weekly asked Krumholtz about the three in the title; his response was, "Isn't that annoying? I think it should be the mathematical symbol for sigma, which looks like an E. I've been fighting that for weeks." (The sigma (∑) stands for summation.) Others used varying adjectives to describe the title. The TV site Zap2it.com called it "their typographical silliness, not ours". Brad Aspey of The Muskegon Chronicle, stated, "No, that wasn’t an ugly typo you just read - “NUMB3ERS” (pronounced numbers) is the idiosyncratic title of filmmakers Ridley and Tony Scott’s astute and crafty psychological drama which shows that even math can make for edge-of-your-seat entertainment." Ellen Gray of The Philadelphia Daily News, said, "Some of you may have noticed that in promoting "Numb3rs," which premieres Sunday before moving to its regular 10 p.m. Friday slot, CBS has chosen to put a 3 in place of the "e" in the title….I won't be going along with this particular affectation, which slows down my typing and seems to be the graphic equivalent of the reversed "R" in Toys R Us. So there."
Still others had a more positive view of the title. When NPR's Flatow asked both Lorden and Dr. Keith Devlin, NPR's mathematics reporter, about the title, both men denied creating the title; Devlin believed that executive producer Tony Scott originated the title. Lorden stated that he initially thought that the title was "kind of hokey", but later saw it as "brilliant" and a "catchy logo". Jonathan Storm of The Philadelphia Inquirer, in his review of the series stated, "You'd think CBS's new Numbers, which premieres at 10 tonight after the Patriots-Steelers football game, is just another one of those shows with numskull titles trying to draw attention to themselves. But the '3' substituting for the 'e' is actually based on a real thing"…. He later said that the show was "written by people familiar with the Dead Cow Cult". David Brooks of The Telegraph (Nashua, NH) devoted the majority of his entire review to the use of leet in the series title. In addition, three psychologists, Manuel Perea, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, and Manuel Carreiras mentioned the television series in their 2008 article for the American Psychological Association's Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
American television ratings
Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of Numb3rs on CBS.
Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps.
References
External links
The Math Behind Numb3rs Website
Category:2005 American television series debuts
Category:2010 American television series endings
Category:2000s American college television series
Category:2010s American college television series
Category:2000s American crime drama television series
Category:2010s American crime drama television series
Category:2000s American mystery television series
Category:2010s American mystery television series
Category:2000s American police procedural television series
Category:2010s American police procedural television series
Category:English-language television programs
Category:CBS original programming
Category:Mathematics and culture
Category:Television series by Scott Free Productions
Category:Television series by CBS Television Studios
Category:Television shows set in Los Angeles
Category:Universities and colleges in art
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Maimarktgelände
The Maimarktgelände (English: May Market area) is an exhibition site located in Mannheim, Germany, which covers a surface of 210,000 m². It hosts the annual Mannheim May Market as well as open-air concerts and other events. Starting in February each year, 47 exhibition halls with a surface of 42,000 m² are developed on the apron of the site. With approximately 1,500 exhibitors and around 400,000 visitors annually, the Maimarktgelände is a major German regional exhibition.
The area has good transport connections because the Mannheim motorway interchange is nearby and the A 656 and the B 38a can be reached directly. The Mannheim Arena/Maimarkt stop on the Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn is 1,000 m away. The park area enclosure has 12,000 parking bays and on Sundays and holidays parts of the neighboring Mannheim City Airport is available with around a further 8,000 parking bays.
Notable events
Notable past performers have included Iron Maiden, Aerosmith, Anastacia, Bon Jovi, Queen, The Rolling Stones, U2, Metallica, Black Sabbath, Pink Floyd, Guns N' Roses, ZZ Top, Prince and Genesis.
References
Category:Music venues in Germany
Category:Buildings and structures in Mannheim
Category:Tourist attractions in Mannheim
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Five Get into Trouble
Five Get into Trouble is the eighth novel in The Famous Five series by Enid Blyton. It was first published in 1949.
In this novel, Dick gets kidnapped, mistaken for another boy whose name is Richard. The Famous Five track him down to a lonely, out-of-the-way house, but they are seized and imprisoned too.
Plot summary
The five are allowed to go on a cycling holiday after a lot of argument. While there, they meet a boy called Richard Kent. His father is rich but fierce and once had a bodyguard named Rookie, whom Richard didn't like and made a false plan to kick him out of their life. Richard asks the Five to let him share the trip, and promises to go to his aunt's house at the end of the day, if his mother gives him permission. They agree, and Richard joins them.
However Richard had not asked permission, and when he arrives to his aunt's he finds her away. As he leaves he gets chased by a car driven by Rookie. When he reaches the Five he reveals the truth. Meanwhile, Rookie's associates mistake Dick for Richard and kidnap him.
The others and Richard trace Dick to Owl's Dene, and on the way they see a man throwing clothes down a well. When they arrive they sneak into the house but are caught and imprisoned themselves. Julian escapes in the house and finds a secret room with a man sleeping in it. The next morning Rookie sees Dick and explains his associate's mistake. At this point the Five are nearly free, but Richard is recognised and they are held prisoner again.
When one of the gang members plans to go out, the Five plan that one of them will hide in the boot of his car. Richard proves his worth by volunteering to do this. He escapes in the boot and goes to the police. When the police arrive, Julian shows them the secret room which contains an escaped convict. The gang planned to help him leave the country in return for a share of the goods he stole and hid. Richard is taken home where his worried parents waiting for him and the Five join them for a treat from Richard's parents for helping him. It all ends with happy faces.
Adaptation
The novel was adapted in 1970 as a Danish-German film production, De 5 i fedtefadet and in 2013 as a German film, Fünf Freunde 2.
External links
Enid Blyton Society page
Five Get Into Trouble at www.enidblyton.net
Category:1949 British novels
Category:Hodder & Stoughton books
Category:Famous Five novels
Category:British novels adapted into films
Category:1949 children's books
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George M. Ottinger
George Martin Ottinger (1833–1917) was a 19th-century artist, educator and actor in Utah Territory.
Ottinger was born in Springfield Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and then raised in New York City. He was raised as a Quaker. At age 17 (in 1850), he joined the crew of a whaling ship. By age 20 he had circumnavigated the globe and done gold digging in California. He then studied art under Robert Weir for a time before going to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. For the next two years, Ottinger worked as a painter of miniatures in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He then moved to Kentucky where he worked as a photograph tinter as well as a fruit merchant.
Ottinger returned to Pennsylvania to continue to study art in 1857. In 1858 he joined The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) at the urging of his mother. In 1859 he went to Richmond, Virginia where he worked as an artist. In 1861 he came to Utah Territory in the Milo Andrus Pioneer Company. He formed a partnership with the photographer Charles Roscoe Savage. There was so little demand for their work in Salt Lake City that for part of 1861 they traveled through Idaho Territory doing jobs related to photography. Ottinger also did scenery painting for the Salt Lake Theatre as well as acting. In 1863, he became principal of the Deseret Academy of Arts, which was also a joint venture with Savage.
In 1861, Ottinger married Mary Jane McAllister Cullin. They only had one child before she died. In 1864, he married Phoebe Neslen.
In 1867, Ottinger began painting a series on the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with "The Last of the Aztecs". In 1879, Ottinger went with Savage as an art missionary to learn artistic skills in Europe. On his return, he did murals in the St. George, Logan and Manti Temples.
From 1876 to 1890 Ottinger was head of the Salt Lake fire department, overseeing its transformation from a volunteer to a paid organization in 1883. Ottinger taught art at the University of Deseret beginning in 1881 and continuing until 1892. He was a key influence on many later Utah artists.
Ottinger was also for many years part of the Nauvoo Legion. In 1894, he was appointed Adjutant General of Utah and in this position oversaw the organization of the Utah National Guard.
References
Marriott Library biography of Ottinger
Ask Art bio of Ottinger
Pslmquist, Peter E. and Thomas R. Kailbourn. Pioneer Photographers of the Far West, 1840-1865 (Stanford: University Press, 2000) p. 425-426.
External links
George M. Ottinger Photo Collection, Utah Department of Heritage and Arts
Category:1833 births
Category:1917 deaths
Category:Converts to Mormonism from Quakerism
Category:Latter Day Saint artists
Category:Mormon pioneers
Category:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni
Category:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Category:Artists from New York City
Category:University of Utah faculty
Category:Artists from Utah
Category:Latter Day Saints from New York (state)
Category:Latter Day Saints from Pennsylvania
Category:Latter Day Saints from Kentucky
Category:Latter Day Saints from Utah
Category:Latter Day Saints from Virginia
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Grand Boulevard, Joondalup
Grand Boulevard is the main street of Joondalup, a regional centre north of Perth, Western Australia. It was originally built in 1989 as the main axis road for the new Joondalup central business district.
History
In 2005, a section of the road between Boas Avenue and Shenton Avenue was reduced from dual carriageway to an undivided road, primarily to provide additional at-grade on-street parking bays, but also to assist in the reduction of traffic flow and speeds through the central area.
Facilities
Facilities served by Grand Boulevard include, from south to north, the Joondalup campus of Edith Cowan University, the main campus of West Coast Institute of Training, Joondalup railway station, Lakeside Joondalup Shopping City, the Joondalup Magistrates' Court and the regional office and station for the Western Australia Police, and Joondalup Health Campus. A short stretch of the street between Boas Avenue and Shenton Avenue serves as a main shopping street for Joondalup.
As the CBD area has developed around the road, a significant number of high density multi-storey housing developments have been constructed since 2002, with the first of these being the Kingsbury Apartments situated at the intersection of Grand Boulevard and Queensbury Road. Since then, a further nine housing complexes have opened and at least two more are currently under construction. Generally these complexes are between three and five stories and must comply with local council planning guidelines relating to design standards for buildings fronting Grand Boulevard.
Major intersections
Grand Boulevard commences at the intersection of Joondalup Drive and Hodges Drive, and continues from the latter.
Joondalup Drive (State Route 85) / Hodges Drive west – to Edith Cowan University, Mitchell Freeway
Kendrew Crescent – to Edith Cowan University, West Coast Institute of Technology
Collier Pass – to Lakeside Joondalup Shopping City, Joondalup railway station
Boas Avenue
Reid Promenade
Shenton Avenue – to Mitchell Freeway, Joondalup Health Campus
Joondalup Drive (State Route 85) / Moore Drive
See also
Category:Roads in Perth, Western Australia
Category:Joondalup
Category:Articles containing video clips
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Night Watch (Sigurðardóttir novel)
Night Watch () is a 1992 novel by Icelandic author Fríða Á. Sigurðardóttir. It won the Nordic Council's Literature Prize in 1992.
References
Category:1992 novels
Category:Icelandic novels
Category:Icelandic-language novels
Category:Nordic Council's Literature Prize-winning works
Category:Icelandic books
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Yekaterina Volkova
Yekaterina Volkova may refer to:
Yekaterina Volkova (actress) (born 1982), Russian actress
Yekaterina Volkova (runner) (born 1978), Russian long-distance runner
Ekaterina Volkova (rhythmic gymnast) (born 1997), Finnish rhythmic gymnast
Yekaterina Volkova (actress and singer) (born 1974), Russian actress
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Mount Mercer, Victoria
Mount Mercer is a locality in the Western District of the Australian state of Victoria. It is named after a nearby scoria cone with crater. The scoria cone was developed on a broad lava shield and the rim of the cone is asymmetric, being higher around the south and open towards the north. The scoria cone is approximately 400m in diameter and of circular shape. It is sufficiently enclosed to contain a swamp and has been partly excavated for a reservoir. It stands approximately 75m above the surrounding area.
One of Victoria's larger wind farms, the Mount Mercer Wind Farm became fully operational in September 2014.
References
Category:Towns in Victoria (Australia)
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Rhytiphora vestigialis
Rhytiphora vestigialis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1864. It is known from Australia.
References
Category:Lamiinae
Category:Beetles described in 1864
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Andrés Miguel Salazar Marcano Airport
Andres Miguel Salazar Marcano Airport () is an airport serving Isla de Coche, an island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta.
The airport has been under the regional administration of the state of Nueva Esparta since 1992. For years it remained abandoned until 2006, when a major renovation began which included the extension of the runway.
The Margarita del Caribe Intl non-directional beacon (Ident: MT) is northwest of the airport, on Isla de Margarita. The Margarita VOR-DME (Ident: MTA) is north, on Santiago Mariño Caribbean International Airport.
Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 09/27 with an asphalt surface measuring .
Airlines and destinations
See also
Transport in Venezuela
List of airports in Venezuela
References
External links
OurAirports - Isla de Coche
OpenStreetMap - Isla de Coche
Category:Airports in Venezuela
Category:Buildings and structures in Nueva Esparta
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Omid (name)
Omid () also transliterated as Omeed, Ohmeed, Omead, Omied, Umeed, or Ümit (Turkish equivalent) is a common Persian male given name, meaning hope.
Given name
Omid Abolhassani, Iranian football player banned for four years
Omid Abtahi, Iranian-American actor
Omid Djalili, Iranian-British stand up comedian and actor
Omid Ebrahimi, Iranian footballer
Omid Kordestani, Iranian-American Google executive
Omid Memarian, Iranian journalist and social activist
Omid Namazi, Iranian-American soccer player
Omid Nouripour, German-Iranian politician
Omid Ravankhah, Iranian footballer
Omid Safi, American religion academic
Omid Tahvili, Iranian-Canadian criminal
Omid Walizadeh, American underground hip hop producer
Surname
Ghazal Omid, Iranian-Canadian author
Pierre Omidyar, French-born American entrepreneur and the founder of eBay
Other uses
Omid, first Iranian-launched satellite, launched on February 2, 2009
"Omid", an electronic database of human rights violations in Iran, acting as a memorial to the victims executed by the Islamic Republic since it was established in 1979.
"Omid", a song on Thievery Corporation's album The Richest Man in Babylon
Apache Omid, an open source transaction processing system for Apache HBase
M. Omid, pen name of Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, notable contemporary Iranian poet
References
Category:Persian masculine given names
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Johnsonburg station
Johnsonburg was a railroad station and was one of the three original stations on the Lackawanna Cut-Off in northwestern New Jersey. Built by contractor Hyde, McFarlan & Burke, the station opened in 1911. Located on the western end of Ramsey Fill in rural Frelinghuysen Township, the station generated only modest passenger and freight business for the railroad. As a result, it was closed in 1940. The station was temporarily reopened in 1941 to serve as a command post for the clearing of the landslide that took place within nearby Armstrong Cut. After the closing of the station building, Johnsonburg continued to be a flag stop on the Cut-Off until the 1960s. A creamery was built by the railroad at the station site and operated for a number of years.
In the early 1990s, the station building was rehabilitated by Jerry Turco, who owned the Cut-Off from 1985–2001, after the line had been abandoned by Conrail. But the isolated building was subject to vandalism, and in 2007, Johnsonburg station was demolished by the state of New Jersey.
References
Category:Lackawanna Cut-Off
Category:Former Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad stations
Category:Railway stations opened in 1911
Category:Railway stations closed in 1940
Category:Proposed public transportation in New Jersey
Category:Demolished railway stations in the United States
Category:1911 establishments in New Jersey
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Johann Jakob Scheuchzer
Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (2 August 1672 – 23 June 1733) was a Swiss scholar born at Zürich.
Career
The son of the senior town physician (Archiater) of Zürich, he received his education in that place and, in 1692, went to the University of Altdorf near Nuremberg, being intended for the medical profession. Early in 1694, he took his degree of doctor in medicine at the University of Utrecht, and then returned to Altdorf, Germany to complete his mathematical studies. He went back to Zürich in 1696 and was made junior town physician (Poliater) with the promise of the professorship of mathematics which he duly obtained in 1710. He was promoted to the chair of physics, with the office of senior town physician, in January 1733, only a few months before his death on 23 June.
Published works
His published works (apart from numerous articles) were estimated at thirty-four in number. His historical writings are mostly still in manuscript. The more important of his published writings relate either to his scientific observations (all branches) or to his journeys, in the course of which he collected materials for these scientific works.
Scientific works
In the former category is his self-published Beschreibung der Naturgeschichte des Schweitzerlandes (3 vols., Zürich, 1706–1708), the third volume containing an account in German of his journey of 1705; a new edition of this book and, with important omissions, of his 1723 work, was issued, in 2 vols, in 1746, by JG Sulzer, under the title of Naturgeschichte des Schweitzerlandes sammt seinen Reisen über die schweitzerischen Gebirge, and his Helvetiae historia naturalis oder Naturhistorie des Schweitzerlandes (published in 3 vols, at Zürich, 1716–1718, and reissued in the same form in 1752, under the German title just given). The first of the three parts of the last-named work deals with the Swiss mountains (summing up all that was then known about them, and serving as a link between Simmler's work of 1574 and Gruner's of 1760), the second with the Swiss rivers, lakes and mineral baths, and the third with Swiss meteorology and geology.
Scheuchzer's works, as issued in 1746 and in 1752, formed (with Tschudi's Chronicum Helveticum) one of the chief sources for Schiller's drama Wilhelm Tell (1804). In 1704, Scheuchzer was elected FRS. He published many scientific notes and papers in the Philosophical Transactions for 1706–07, 1709 and 1727–28.
Travel works
In the second category are his Itinera alpina tria (made in 1702–04), which was published in London in 1708, and dedicated to the Royal Society, while the plates illustrating it were executed at the expense of various fellows of the society, including the president, Sir Isaac Newton (whose imprimatur appears on the title-page), Sir Hans Sloane, Dean Aldrich, Humfrey Wanley, etc. The text is written in Latin, as is that of the definitive work describing his travels (with which is incorporated the 1708 volume) that appeared in 1723 at Leiden, in four quarto volumes, under the title of Itinera per Helvetiae alpinas regiones facta annis 1702–11.
These journeys led Scheuchzer to almost every part of Switzerland, particularly its central and eastern districts. Apropos of his visit (1705) to the Rhône Glacier, he inserts a full account of the other Swiss glaciers, as far as they were then known, while in 1706, after mentioning certain wonders to be seen in the museum at Lucerne, he adds reports by men of good faith who had seen dragons in Switzerland. He doubts their existence, but illustrates the reports by fanciful representations of dragons, which have led some modern writers to depreciate his merits as a traveller and naturalist, for the belief in dragons was then widely spread.
In 1712 he published a map of Switzerland in four sheets (scale 1/290,000), of which the east portion (based on his personal observations) is far the most accurate, though the map as a whole was the best map of Switzerland till the end of the 18th century. At the end of his 1723 book he gives a full list (covering 27 quarto pages) of his writings from 1694 to 1721.
Scheuchzer is also known for his paleontological work. In his Lithographia Helvetica, he described fossils as "plays of nature" or alternately as leftovers from the biblical Flood. Most famously, he claimed that a fossilized skeleton found in a Baden quarry was the remains of a human who had perished in the deluge. This claim, which seemed to verify the claims of Christian scripture, was accepted for several decades after Scheuchzer's death, until 1811, when French naturalist Georges Cuvier re-examined the specimen and showed that it was actually a large prehistoric salamander.
Honours and awards
In November 1703, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Scheuchzerhorn (3462 m) and Scheuchzerjoch in the Bernese Alps are named after Johann Jakob Scheuchzer. Scheuchzeriaceae and Scheuchzeria palustris are named in his honor.
References
See Franz Xaver Hoeherl, J.J. Scheuchzer, der Begründer d. phys. Geographie d. Hochgebirges (Munich, 1901), a useful little pamphlet, conveniently summarizing Scheuchzer's scientific views.
External links
Digitized copy of "Bibliotheca scriptorum historiæ naturali omnium terræ regionum inservientium" via John Carter Brown Library on Internet Archive
Digitized copy of "Physica sacra" Volume 1 (1731) via John Carter Brown Library on Internet Archive
Digitized copy of "Physica sacra" Volume 2 (1732) via John Carter Brown Library on Internet Archive
Digitized copy of "Physica sacra" Volume 3 (1733) via John Carter Brown Library on Internet Archive
Digitized copy of "Physica sacra" Volume 4 (1735) via John Carter Brown Library on Internet Archive
Herbarium diluvianum, 1723.
Herbarium diluvianum (1709) - full digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library.
Specimen lithographiae Helveticae... (1702) - full digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library.
Homo diluvii testis (1726) - full digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library.
Piscium querelae et vindiciae (1708) - full digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library.
Physica Sacra (1731) - Examples of engravings.
Category:1672 births
Category:1733 deaths
Category:People from Zürich
Category:Swiss paleontologists
Category:Utrecht University alumni
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society
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Silver Creek (Huron County, Ontario)
Silver Creek is a river in the municipality of Huron East, Huron County, Ontario, Canada and a right tributary of the Bayfield River.
Course
Silver Creek begins in a farm field northeast of the community of Seaforth at an elevation of . It flows southwest and takes in right and left tributary creeks before passing under Ontario Highway 8 on the east side of Seaforth. It continues southwest on the east side of the community, takes in two more left tributaries, and reaches its mouth at the Bayfield River at an elevation of in the community of Egmondville.
Ecology
The Ausable Bayfield Conservation Authority has rated the Upper Bayfield Headwaters, which includes Silver Creek, a "D" for forest conditions and a "C" for surface water quality. A monitoring point for Benthic zone marine invertebrates is located on the upper Silver Creek. No at-risk species have been identified in the drainage basin. Reforestation has been identified as the priority strategy for improving forest conductions and water quality.
See also
List of rivers of Ontario
References
Category:Rivers of Huron County, Ontario
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Benelli Nova
The Benelli Nova is a pump action shotgun, popular for hunting and self-defense. Its most innovative and distinguishing feature is a one-piece receiver and buttstock, made of steel-reinforced polymer.
Technical specifications
Two main models are available as well as one variant.
Hunting
This model is available with a variety of barrel and sight configurations, most intended for hunting and/or trap/skeet shooting. It is made in both Matte and camouflage finishes. Due to the polymer coated receiver and stock, along with proprietary coatings on the action and barrel, it is considered impervious to the elements. Barrels may be rifled or smoothbore, and are usually 24", 26", or 28" long. This model is available in 12 gauge or 20 gauge. Five types of chokes are available. Typically sold with improved modified and full, internal chokes. extended aftermarket chokes available.
Tactical
This model is intended for defensive purposes. With an 18½" barrel, and rifle or ghost- ring (diopter) sights, it is easier to wield and quicker to sight than hunting models. This barrel is smoothbore, and not tapped for chokes, reducing its versatility and rendering it less accurate at longer ranges. A slightly different model labeled the H2O Nova is similar, with the exception of an electroless nickel finish replacing the standard black coating, presumably with corrosion resistance in mind. This model is 12 gauge only.
Supernova
This model incorporates a number of recoil reducing features, and has a removable stock that can be replaced by a pistol-grip stock. This model has a bigger trigger set.
Common Features
Synthetic Stock and Receiver Cover: for moisture resistance.
Cross Bolt Safety
Extendable Magazine: may optionally hold up to 7 rounds in magazine. (2.75in. 12 gauge)
3.5in. chamber: will fire and reliably cycle 2.75in., 3in., and 3.5in. shells. (in 12 gauge)
Recoil Reducer: this optional mercury recoil unit is installed via a bracket that is attached to the interior of the stock. The baffled tube holds 14 oz. of mercury, which raises the length of time that the shot's impulse is spread across, thus lowering felt recoil.
Optional Tritium Sights: for tactical units, to provide constantly illuminated sights.
Chamber Empty Button: on the forend, allows unloading of unfired shell without releasing additional shells from the magazine. This is very useful for so-called "slug select" drills, where the user needs to quickly select a different type of ammunition (for example, a slug in order to engage a target at longer range.) The operator simply depresses the button as he cycles the action back; the chambered shell will be ejected, but the magazine will not feed another shell. The user then places the desired shell into the chamber and closes the action. On another shotgun without this feature, if the magazine were full, the user would have to cycle the shotgun to eject the chambered shell and make room in the magazine, then insert the desired shell into the magazine, then cycle the action again. This means that two shells are needlessly ejected.
Recoil Reducer
Recoil without the internal reducer can be harsh using the 3.5 inch shells. The shotgun is very light due to its composite/steel construction. This light weight shotgun lends itself to heavy recoil using heavy loads with high velocities. The recoil reducer helps reduce the felt recoil and allows the shooter to obtain a faster second shot. The recoil reducer is an option and must be purchased separately from a Benelli dealer or any of the more common shotgun web sites, or incorporated in the original sale/order (the recoil reducer is standard on all Benelli Supernova.)
The recoil reducer consists of two elements; the apparatus that connects to the stock via the buttstock compartment, and the mercury element that is inserted into the recoil apparatus.
References
External links
Manufacturer's Website
Category:Benelli (firearms)
Category:Pump-action shotguns
Category:Shotguns of Italy
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Tigris Secondary School for Girls
The Tigris Secondary School for Girls is a convent-style girls' school in the Alawaya district of Baghdad, Iraq. It has some 900 students aged 13-17.
After the 2003 invasion of Iraq former headmistress Sister Clara, who had been removed by the Iraqi Ministry of Education in 1999, due to her liability in private tutoring (al-tadrees al-khusosi) which was forbidden in the educational system of Iraq before the [2003 invasion, was able to return to her post.
External links
BBC news in depth "A tale of two Iraqi schools"
Category:Schools in Baghdad
Category:Buildings and structures in Baghdad
Category:Girls' schools in Iraq
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Fatema Chebchoub
Fatema Chebchoub, known by her stage name, Al-Chebchouba, was a Moroccan academic, actor, director, activist, comedian, poet. She was one of the first Moroccan women to write and direct theater performances, and one of the few to incorporate elements of traditional theatrical heritage in her productions.
Chebchoub used her platform to discuss issues such as corruption, gender equality, women's literacy, and injustice.
Personal life
Chebchoub was born in 1952. Her parents, both performers of the Moroccan form of popular performance known as Hlaqa, which is a kind of public storytelling, died while she was very young. Chebchoub never married and lived alone. Her frequent travels and her bohemian lifestyle earned her the nickname "al-Roumi" or "the Westerner" from her extended family.
Work
Chebchoub began acting as a child in the 1960s and directed her first production in the 1980s. She later moved on to writing and performing one-woman shows. She was the only trained female Hlaqia, the central figure in a traditional form of public story-telling performance known as the Hlaqa. She performed her Hlaqas either as solo acts or with her troop which was known as ASYAS. The Hlaqa genre bears a relation to the idea of the halaqa, which comes from the Arabic word for a ring or circle, and which is also used to describe religious gatherings for Islamic study and Qur'an reading (when people often sit in a circle).
Chebchoub's Hlaqa works included performances called Chkouf al-Gars, Al-Matmora, Al-Abbacia and Moulat Sserr. Moulat Sserr, later renamed Tamawayt, is her most famous work. She toured internationally to perform it in countries such as Australia, the United States, and Syria.
Chebchoub also worked in television, writing a 30-episode TV series for the Moroccan channel Al Aoula which she directed and starred in, and creating a film production company.
In addition to her theater work, Chebchoub was an academic. She began by teaching French in a primary school, and later taught theater in the humanities department at Moulay Ismail University in Meknes. She was pursuing her PhD on stage sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, at the time of her passing.
During her time at the University of Pennsylvania, Fatema Chebchoub worked for the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC), an international collaborative research endeavor that creates, collects, and shares linguistic data. Drawing upon her deep knowledge of Arabic syntax and grammar, Chebchoub served as an annotator for the POS (part-of-speech) tagging that helped in the categorization of the Arabic grammatical tag set that the LDC used for the Penn Arabic TreeBank project, version 3.0 (later published in 2008 by Mohamed Maamouri et al.).
While living in Philadelphia, Chebchoub also worked extensively with Jewish artists in the community. She presented a memorial service at the University of Pennsylvania held for the Israeli poet Dahlia Ravikovitch, where she translated and performed Ravikovitch's poem a A Dress of Fire.
In 2002, with a grant from the Greenfield Intercultural Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Chebchoub produced a documentary film, entitled From Heart to Heart: A Documentary of Feelings and Attitudes towards the Incidents of Sept. 11, 2001, from Arab-Americans in the Philadelphia area.
Death
Chebchoub died at age 53 in Skhirat, near Rabat, in a swimming accident, on August 9, 2006.
References
Category:Moroccan academics
Category:Moroccan actors
Category:Moroccan theatre directors
Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni
Category:1952 births
Category:2006 deaths
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United States Air Force in South Korea
The United States Air Force in South Korea is composed of units assigned to Pacific Air Forces Seventh Air Force. The mission of the personnel, equipment and aircraft is to deter, protect and defend the Republic of Korea from attack from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) or more commonly known as North Korea.
The mission of Seventh Air Force is to plan, direct, and conduct combined air operations in the Republic of Korea and in the Northwest Pacific in support of PACAF, the United States Pacific Command, United Nations Command, US-ROK Combined Forces Command, and U.S. Forces Korea. The Seventh Air Force is composed of the 8th and 51st Fighter Wings.
After the Second World War
The first United States Army Air Forces formation assigned to Korea was the 308th Bombardment Wing, assigned to the Far East Air Forces. The wing and its assigned 475th Fighter Group was ordered to Seoul on 22 September 1945 as part of the United States Army Military Government in Korea to de-militarize the Japanese forces in the Korean peninsula. In addition, the wing was to evacuate Allied prisoners of war and civilian internees; to maintain air supremacy in the occupation area; to provide air protection for Allied naval forces, provide Air/Sea rescue for waters off the Korean peninsula; obtain photographic reconnaissance for the United States Army XXIV Corps in Korea, and perform special operations for ground and naval forces. Also the 308th Bomb Wing established and operated radar facilities. The wing was reassigned to Kimpo on 7 January 1946, and remained in Korea until March 1947 when it was reassigned to Nagoya, Japan.
On 25 June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. On 27 June 1950, United Nations Security Council Resolution 83 recommended that UN member states assist the government of South Korea in resisting the invasion. United States President Harry Truman authorized General Douglas MacArthur (commander of the US occupying forces in Japan) to commit units to the battle. MacArthur ordered General George E. Stratemeyer, Commander in Chief of Far East Air Force (FEAF) based in Japan to attack invading North Korean forces between the front lines and the 38th parallel.
That day, two Japan-based USAF F-82 Twin Mustangs destroyed three North Korean Air Force planes over Seoul as a C-54 Skymaster was attempting to evacuate U.S. civilians, including many women and children, from the advancing North Korean Army in the opening days of the Korean War.
Korean War
for information concerning aircraft flown by FEAF in the Korean War; bases, and units engaged in combat operations.
South Korea fell within the USAF Far East Air Forces area of responsibility. FEAF's Fifth Air Force was the main United Nations combat air command. Logistics and transport units were assigned to Far East Air Forces Combat Cargo Command, and on 8 July a special FEAF Bomber Command was set up under the command of Major General Emmett O'Donnell, Jr..
Initial USAF Response
Initial FEAF missions were the transportation of Army and Marine units and equipment from Japan to South Korea, the evacuation of American civilian nationals, and obtaining significant intelligence through aerial reconnaissance of North Korean troop movements south. Fighter-bomber ground attack missions by Japan-based F-80Cs significantly slowed the North Korean Army's advance during July 1950. On 13 July, the FEAF Bomber Command took over command of the 19th Bombardment Group and of the 22nd and 92nd Bombardment Groups which had been transferred from Strategic Air Command (SAC) bases in the United States to Japan. These B-29 Superfortress units were used in tactical attacks which were not very successful.
Despite repeated air attacks by UN aircraft on the advancing North Korean troops, by early September the UN armies had been squeezed down into a small area south of the Naktong River, called the "Pusan Perimeter", and there was a very real fear that the hard-pressed UN troops might be forced to evacuate the entire Korean peninsula. In late July, MacArthur agreed to divert the B-29s to interdiction raids against North Korean targets nearer the 38th parallel in an attempt to interrupt supplies being delivered to North Korean troops in the south.
Later in July, the SAC 98th and 307th Bombardment Groups were also sent to Japan to join the FEAF. The 31st Strategic Reconnaissance Group completed the team. The 92nd and 98th BGs and the 31st SRG operated from bases in Japan, whereas the 19th, 22nd, and 307th BGs were based in Okinawa. Five major industrial centers in North Korea were earmarked for attack. This sort of mission is what the B-29 had been designed for, and by early September, all known industrial facilities in North Korea had been destroyed except for some oil storage facilities at Rashin, which was considered too close to the Soviet border to risk an attack. By late September, all 18 strategic targets in North Korea had been destroyed, and the B-29 Force now turned to secondary targets.
Along with the SAC B-29 units, Tactical Air Command (TAC) deployed numerous fighter, fighter-bomber, tactical bomber, transport and support units to FEAF. TAC Lockheed F-80C Shooting Star and Republic F-84E Thunderjets units deployed to FEAF to rapidly gain control of the air from the Korean People's Armed Forces Air Corps. For a time in August and September 1950, all FEAF flying units had to fly from bases in Japan. The only continuously usable tactical base in Korea was Taegu (K-2), which the FEAF used as a staging field to refuel and arm tactical aircraft.
North Korea was equipped with an assortment of Russian-built equipment such as the Yakovlev Yak-9 and Lavochkin La-11 fighters, the Ilyushin Il-10 ground attack aircraft and a smattering of Yak-18 and Polikarpov Po-2 trainers. Having largely eliminated North Korean aircraft from the skies, FEAF now turned to the task of ground attack in trying to halt the rapid North Korean advance. By September, the North Korean aircraft had largely been swept from the sky.
By August 1950, in order to build up close support forces, 145 North American F-51 Mustangs were shipped from the United States aboard the aircraft carrier USS Boxer (CV-21). These planes were quickly assembled and flown out to combat units. The 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing gave up its F-80 Shooting Star jets for Mustangs, perhaps one of the few occasions in history in which a combat outfit traded in its jets for piston-engined aircraft. The Mustangs were instrumental in halting the North Korean advance, giving United Nations forces enough time to build up sufficient strength to be able to go over onto the offensive.
With both American strategic and tactical air power arriving in force, F-80 Shooting Stars and F-51 Mustangs closed most rail and road traffic by day, and destroyed 32 critical bridges necessary for the conduct of warfare. Trains used by military and civilians alike waited out the daylight hours in tunnels.
Throughout all parts of Korea, B-29 Superfortresses knocked out the main supply dumps and eliminated oil refineries and seaports that handled imports. The bombing was designed to starve North Korean forces of ammunition and other martial supplies. On 16 September as part of a strategic bombing campaign, the FEAF bombed Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, and Wonsan, an east coast port 80 miles north of the 38th parallel. Naval air power also attacked transportation choke points. The North Korean forces were already strung out over the peninsula, and the destruction caused by American bombers prevented needed supplies from reaching North Korean forces in the south.
With control of the air obtained, General MacArthur's invasion of Inchon on 15 September 1950 suddenly reversed the fortunes of the UN forces in Korea. In the south, the Eighth U.S. Army, made up of U.S., ROK, and British forces, counterattacked the next day and United Nations forces in the Pusan Perimeter began to push north rapidly.
U.S. Marines attached to X Corps captured Kimpo Air Base near Seoul on 17 September. Two days later the first FEAF cargo carrier landed there, inaugurating an around-the-clock airlift of supplies, fuel, and troops. C-54 Skymasters returned wounded personnel to hospitals in Japan, and C-119s airdropped supplies to front-line forces. Bad weather hindered close air support of the Eighth Army, but on the 26th the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division forged out of the Pusan Perimeter north of Taegu and within a day thrust northward to link up with 7th Infantry Division forces near Osan, 25 miles south of Seoul. Air controllers, using tactics similar to those developed in France during World War II, accompanied the advancing tank columns, supported tank commanders with aerial reconnaissance, and called in close air support missions as needed. On 26 September, General Douglas MacArthur announced the recapture of Seoul, but street fighting continued for several more days.
As US forces swept North Korean troops from South Korea, aviation engineers rebuilt the airfields, beginning with Pohang, on the east coast 50 miles northeast of Taegu. USAF flying units returned on 7 October to Pohang and to other rebuilt airfields at Kimpo, near Seoul, and at Suwon, 20 miles south of Seoul. By the end of the month North Korean forces had been driven entirely out of South Korea.
United Nations Offensive 1950
For the United Nations forces, victory was in the air by early October 1950. The Inchon landing and the breakout from the Pusan Perimeter had destroyed the North Korean units operating south of the 38th Parallel. With the return of Seoul to the South Korean government, the Republic of Korea regained the status it had enjoyed before the 25 June invasion. To stop at this juncture would have been consistent with America's policy of containment.
With the North Korean forces largely removed from the South, the United Nations decided to enforce its prewar intention of reuniting all of Korea under one government, and UN forces advanced across the 38th parallel and into North Korea in early October 1950. However, the decision to cross the 38th Parallel appears, in retrospect, to have been the turning point in the Korean War.
On 1 October Chinese Premier Chou En-lai warned that China would not tolerate or stand aside if UN forces invaded North Korea. This was a clear threat that China would intervene if that should happen. On the second the Soviet delegate to the United Nations proposed that a ceasefire in Korea be called and that all foreign troops be withdrawn. On 2 October, India warned the United Nations that China told them it would enter the war if U.N. forces cross the 38th Parallel. However, despite these warnings from China, The U.S. Army X Corps made amphibious landings at Wonsan and Iwon, which had already been captured by South Korean forces advancing by land.
Many in the West, including General MacArthur, thought that taking the war into Northern China would be necessary since North Korean troops were being supplied by bases in Manchuria. MacArthur believed that Chinese supply depots near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria and railroad lines leading across the Yalu River into North Korea should be bombed by USAF B-29s. However, President Truman and his senior advisers disagreed, ordering MacArthur to be very cautious when his ground forces approached the Manchurian border along the Yalu.
The UN offensive greatly concerned the Chinese, who worried that the UN forces would not stop at the Yalu River, the border between North Korea and the People's Republic of China, and might extend their rollback policy into China. By the end of October, UN forces were up near the Chinese frontier and some forward units were actually on the southern banks of the Yalu River. On 1 November 1950, a group of F-51s and B-26s were attacking Sinuiju airfield (just across the Yalu from China) when they encountered six swept-wing jets coming across the Yalu at them, firing as they approached. The Mustangs were able to escape the attack and return to base to report that the Soviet MiG-15 had appeared in Korea.
Chinese Intervention 1950
When the Soviet-built Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (MiG-15) first appeared over the skies of Korea, its performance was vastly superior to every United Nations aircraft then in use in the theater. The MiG-15 was equal to the F-86A. It was a better dogfighter, with an edge in maneuverability and excellent acceleration. Its top speed, however, was slightly less than that of the F-86.
In order to counter the MiG threat, on 8 November the 4th Fighter Interceptor Wing (which consisted of the 334th 335th, and 336th Squadrons) based at Wilmington, Delaware and equipped with the F-86A Sabre was ordered to Korea. However, before any of these Sabres could reach the front, on 26 November 1950, Chinese armies intervened with devastating force in Korea, breaking through the United Nations lines and throwing them back in utter confusion.
The Chinese struck in the west, along the Chongchon River, and completely overran several South Korean divisions and successfully landed a heavy blow to the flank of the remaining UN forces. The ensuing defeat of the U.S. Eighth Army resulted in the longest retreat of any American military unit in history. In the east, at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, a 30,000-man unit from the U.S. 7th Infantry Division and U.S. Marine Corps was also unprepared for the Chinese tactics and was soon surrounded, though they eventually managed to escape the encirclement, after inflicting heavy casualties on six Chinese divisions.
However, the MiG-15s did not provide any effective air support for this invasion, being unable to establish any effective intervention below a narrow strip up near the Yalu. The MiG pilots were relatively inexperienced and were poor marksmen. They would seldom risk more than one pass at their targets before they would dart back north across the Yalu. Had the MiGs been able to establish and hold air superiority over the battle area, the UN forces may well have been thrown entirely out of Korea.
The first advanced detachment of 336th FIS F-86As arrived at Kimpo airfield (K-14) west of Seoul on 15 December. The first Sabre mission took place on 17 December. It was an armed reconnaissance of the region just south of the Yalu. Lt. Col. Bruce H. Hinton, commander of the 336th Squadron, succeeding in shooting down one MiG-15 out of a flight of four, to score first blood for the Sabre.
By the end of 1950, Chinese armies had driven UN forces out of North Korea and had begun to invade the South. The Sabres were forced to evacuate Kimpo and return to Japan which put them out of range of the action up at the Yalu. Even though the Yalu was now out of range, on 14 January, an F-86A detachment appeared at Taegu (K-37) to participate as fighter bombers to try to halt the Chinese advance. The F-86A was not very successful in the fighter-bomber role, being judged much less effective than slower types such as the F-80 and the F-84.
Eventually, the Chinese advance ground to a halt due to extended supply lines and the relentless UN air attacks. The Chinese advance was halted by the end of January, and the UN ground forces began pushing them back. Kimpo airfield was recovered on 10 February. The halting of the Chinese advance can be blamed largely on the inability of the MiGs to provide any effective support for the Chinese attack. Not only had no Chinese bombers appeared to attack UN troops, but no MiGs had flown south of the Yalu region to provide any air support.
MiG-15s versus B-29s
In February 1951, a series of B-29 interdiction raids began against Chinese supply lines in northwest Korea. Up to early 1951, in the absence of organized defenses, B-29s had been able to make bombing runs at altitudes as low as 10,000 feet without any danger. On 25 February, four B-29s on a raid against Sunchon were attacked by eight MiG-15s. The MiG-15 was originally intended to intercept American bombers like the B-29. It was even evaluated in mock air-to-air combat trials with an interned ex-U.S. B-29, as well as the later Soviet B-29 copy, the Tupolev Tu-4. To ensure the destruction of such large bombers, the MiG-15 carried cannon armament: two 23 mm with 80 rounds per gun and a single 37 mm with 40.
With the appearance of the MiG-15 in the skies over North Korea, unescorted raids at low altitudes now became extremely dangerous. Consequently, the missions were now flown at 20,000 feet, defensive formations were used, and fighter escort was provided by F-80C and F-84E aircraft. These fighters were ineffective against the MiG-15, and coordination between the bombers and fighters was often poor.
On 1 March, a Superfortress formation was jumped by nine MiGs and on 12 April, a force of 48 B-29s attacking the railroad bridge linking Korea with Antung, Manchuria were attacked by dozens of MiGs, and three B-29s were shot down and seven were damaged. Because of these losses, General Stratemeyer called off these raids on 12 April and diverted the B-29s to close-support raids against Chinese targets further south around the 38th parallel.
In October 1951, USAF planners decided to concentrate on the destruction of Chinese air power in northern Korea before trying a more vigorous bombing policy. The B-29s were to launch attacks on Chinese air bases in north Korea. They were acting as bait, hoping to lure MiG-15s into battle, where they could be destroyed by F-86 fighters. However, the MiG squadrons had been widely dispersed, making it difficult for USAF intelligence to find them, and B-29 losses were heavy. By 27 October, five B-29s had been lost and 20 more heavily damaged.
MiG-15s could come in much higher than the B-29 escorts could fly, and dive directly into the bomber formation ripping them apart with blistering cannon fire. B-29 gunners had only a split second to fire on a diving Mig, and many times only put a few holes in it.
These raids were suspended and replaced by night attacks using B-29s equipped with navigation radar. This radar was able to pinpoint small targets with great accuracy. The 98th Wing was the first to be equipped, followed by the 19th and 307th. The first nighttime raids began in November 1952, and continued throughout the remainder of the Korean War. However, night fighters and radar-controlled defenses did cause significant losses. On 10 June 1952, four B-29s of the 19th Bomb Group were lit up by 24 searchlights. They were instantly attacked by 12 Migs which shot down two and severely damaged a third causing it to crash. The B-29 for all practical purposes had become a sitting duck. Between 18 November 1952, and 30 January 1953, communist night-fighters shot down five B-29s and severely damaged three more using a combination of radar-directed searchlights.
When the Korean War ended, the B-29s had flown over 21,000 sorties, nearly 167,000 tons of bombs had been dropped, and 34 B-29s had been lost in combat (16 to fighters, four to flak, and fourteen to other causes). B-29 gunners had accounted for 34 Communist fighters (16 of these being MiG-15s) probably destroyed another 17 (all MiG-15s) and damaged 11 (all MiG-15s).
With the appearance of the MiG-15 over the skies of Korea, the B-29, as well as all of the propeller-driven bombers in the USAF inventory, were simply rendered obsolete as strategic offensive weapons. It would take a new generation of swept-wing jet bombers, being able to fly higher and faster to effectively defeat the defense of the MiG-15 or subsequent Soviet-designed interceptors.
F-86s clear the skies
The Chinese apparently did have plans for a major spring 1951 offensive to complete the task of driving the UN out of Korea. This plan was to be based on the construction of a series of North Korean air bases and for Chinese MiGs to use these bases as forward landing strips to provide air superiority over the North, preventing UN aircraft from interfering with the advance.
In early March, the MiGs began to become more active in support of this offensive, On 1 March 1951, MiGs attacked a formation of nine B-29s and severely damaged three of them. Fortunately, by this time the UN base at Suwon (K-13) was now ready, and the Sabres were now able to return to Korea and reenter the fray over the Yalu. The Sabres of the 334th Squadron began their first Yalu patrols on 6 March, and the rest of the squadron moved in four days later. At the same time, the 336th Squadron moved to Taegu (K-2) from Japan, so that they could stage Sabres through Suwon. The 4th Fighter Wing's other squadron, the 335th, stayed in Japan until 1 May.
The biggest air battle of that spring took place on 12 April when a formation of 39 B-29s escorted by F-84Es and F-86As were attacked by over 70 MiGs. Three B-29s were lost, whereas 14 MiGs were claimed destroyed, four by the escorting Sabres and ten by B-29 gunners.
The strip of airspace in western Korea just south of the Yalu RIver soon became known as "MiG Alley" to the Sabre pilots. The Sabres would arrive for their 25-minute patrols in five-minute intervals. The MiGs would usually cruise back and forth at high altitude on the other side of the Yalu, looking for an opportune time to intervene. Very often they would remain on the north side of the river, tantalizingly out of reach. When the MiGs did choose to enter battle, the Sabres would usually have only a fleeting chance to fire at the enemy before the MiGs broke off and escaped back across the Yalu. No F-86As were lost in action during the first five months of 1951, and they flew 3550 sorties and scored 22 victories. Most of the attrition was caused by accidents rather than by losses in actual combat.
In June 1951, the MiGs began to show more aggressive behavior, and their pilots began to get somewhat better. In air battles on 17, 18 and 19 June, six MiGs were destroyed but two Sabres were lost. Another Sabre was lost on 11 June when the 4th Wing covering an F-80 attack on the Sinuiju airfield shot down two more MiGs. As the first year of the Korean War came to an end, it was apparent that the F-86A Sabre had been instrumental in frustrating the MiG-15's bid for air superiority. Without control of the air, the Communist Chinese were unable to establish their series of air bases and they were not able to carry out effective air support of their spring offensive, and the Korean War settled down to a stalemate on the ground. The ground battle line was roughly the 38th Parallel where United Nations forces controlled most South Korean territory, and the Chinese and North Koreans controlled most North Korean territory, with some exceptions. It would remain that way for the rest of the war.
Throughout the summer and early fall of 1951, the Sabres of the 4th FIW continued to seek battle with the MiGs near the Yalu. For the next year and a half, the duel continued. New, improved models of the F-86 appeared with the F-86E entering action in Korea with the 4th Wing in July 1951, replacing that unit's F-86As on a one-by-one basis.
At any one time, only about 60 Sabres could be put into the air, assuming that everything was "right", with the rest of the force remaining at Kimpo or Suwon on alert or down for maintenance. Even when at maximum levels, the Sabre force was far outnumbered by the MiGs. By late 1951, there were enough MiGs available so that the Chinese forces attempted to move a couple of MiG squadrons into the base at Uiju Airfield, North Korea. UN air attacks soon made this base untenable, forcing the MiGs back across the Yalu.
It is now known that there were Soviet Air Force (VVS) fighter squadrons which participated in the air combat along the Yalu. They were rotated through the MiG bases on the northern side of the Yalu. Soviet Air Force MiGs operated from bases at Antung, Fengcheng, Tak Tung Kao, Takushan, Juantien, and others. At Mukden in Manchuria there were large numbers of MiGs waiting to replace those lost in battle or rotating home. Some Eastern Bloc units also participated. In addition, Soviet Units carried out extensive training of Chinese and North Korean pilots. Soviet archives that have only recently come to light officially list 345 Soviet-piloted MiG-15s having been lost to UN aircraft of all types during the Korean War. There are no comparable figures available for Chinese or North Korean losses. By the early spring of 1953, most of the Soviet units had been withdrawn from combat, and most of the MiGs were now being flown by Chinese or North Korean pilots.
On 22 October 1951 seventy-five new F-86Es were ordered shipped to Japan to replace the F-80Cs of the 51st Wing based at Suwon. The 51st Wing (consisting of the 16th and 25 FIS) began operations with its new F-86Es from Suwon on 1 December, with the famous World War II ace Col. Francis S. Gabreski as wing commander. The first kill for the 51st FIS was scored by Lt. Paul Roach of the 25th FIS on 2 December. Col. Gabreski had scored 31 kills over Europe in World War II, and he added 6.5 victories to his score in Korea.
In late 1951, the rules of engagement were modified, making it possible for UN pilots to cross the Yalu when in "hot pursuit" of an enemy. However, there were lots of unofficial violations of this rule, and there were some occasions in which bombing and strafing attacks were carried out by UN aircraft on Communist facilities north of the Yalu, and F-86s did on occasions went north of the Yalu looking for MiGs. There were even some MiG kills scored on the "wrong" side of the Yalu. The Manchurian sanctuary was lifted in the second week of April 1952.
The first F-86Fs reached Korea in June and July 1952, and they were issued to the 51st Wing's new 39th Squadron. F-86Fs were provided to the 335th Squadron of the 4th Wing in September 1952. The arrival of the F-86F quickly boosted Sabre victories in Korea. The 4th Wing's 335th Squadron scored a total of 81 victories during the remainder of 1952, while the other two 4th Wing squadrons (which were still operating F-86Es) got 41.
A wing modification to the Sabre, called the "6–3" gave the F-86F increased maximum speed .In addition, there was a slight improvement in range. The most significant improvement was, however, in the maneuverability at high altitudes and at high Mach numbers. Sabre wing modification conversion kits were shipped to Korea in high secrecy in September 1952 to convert F-86F aircraft already there to the new configuration. Enough kits were eventually supplied to convert all Korean-based F-86Fs and some F-86Es to this new configuration. The "6–3" wing was an immediate success, quickly boosting Sabre victories in Korea. With the "6-3-wing" F-86F, the USAF now had a fighter which could match the maximum speed of the MiG at altitudes all the way up to the Sabre's service ceiling of 47,000 feet, could turn inside the MiG, and which had almost as great a rate of climb. It was with F-86F with the "6–3" wing that the Sabre was to rack up its biggest score during the Korean War. Between 8 May 1953 and 31 May 1953, F-86Fs with 6–3 wings accounted for 56 MiG kills vs only one lost, one of the most one-sided air battles ever fought
The arrival of the "6–3" winged Sabre in Korea was soon to be followed by the fighter-bomber Sabre. The first F-86F-30-NA fighter-bombers arrived in Korea on 28 January 1953, and they equipped the 18th Fighter Bomber Wing based at Osan. This Wing flew its first Yalu patrol on 25 February, and scored its first MiG kill on the same day.
By the end of hostilities, F-86 pilots were credited with shooting down 792 MiGs for a loss of only 78 Sabres, a victory ratio of 10 to 1. Postwar totals officially credited by the USAF are 379 kills for 103 Sabres lost, amounting to a ratio of nearly 4 to 1. Modern research by Dorr, Lake and Thompson has claimed the actual ratio is closer to 2 to 1.
1953 Armistice
Negotiations for an armistice had been going on for nearly eighteen months. It was thought that if a series of military targets could be located and then destroyed, the Communist side could be persuaded to agree to an armistice. The first of these raids took place on 11 July 1952 against 30 different targets in Pyongyang. Similar strikes took place against Sungho-Ri, Chosin, Sindok, and Sinuiju. The nighttime bombing techniques of the B-29 crews improved, and on 30 September 1952 45 B-29s wiped out the chemical plant at Namsan-Ri.
By late spring of 1953, the emphasis was again on Chinese airfields and bridges in the north. The objective was to keep these fields unserviceable since tentative truce terms had allowed for a 12-hour free period between the signing of the truce agreement and the time it became effective, which could have given the Communist side enough time to move in massive numbers of aircraft to the ten major North Korean airfields.
The Korean War ended on 27 July 1953, with the Korean Armistice Agreement in which the country remained divided into two. The last Sabre/MiG fight of the Korean War took place on 22 July 1953, when Lt. Sam P. Young of the 31st Wing scored his first and only victory. The last kill of the Korean War took place on 27 July, when Capt. Ralph S. Parr flying an F-86F-30 shot down an Il-12 twin-engined transport aircraft. At the end of the Korean War, the seven American fighter Wings in Korea had 297 Sabres on hand, with 132 of them being with fighter-bomber Wings.
From June 1950 to July 1953 the FEAF lost a total of 1,406 aircraft and suffered 1,144 airmen killed.
Korean War Campaigns
There were ten designated campaigns for Korean War Service.
UN Defensive Campaign: 27 June – 15 September 1950
UN Offensive Campaign: 16 September – 2 November 1950
Chinese Communist Forces (CCF) Intervention Campaign: 3 November 1950 – 24 January 1951
1st UN Counteroffensive Campaign: 25 January – 21 April 1951
CCF Spring Offensive Campaign: 22 April – 8 July 1951
UN Summer-Fall Offensive Campaign: 9 July – 27 November 1951
Second Korean Winter Campaign: 28 November 1951 – 30 April 1952
Korea, Summer-Fall 1952 Campaign: May l-30 November 1952
Third Korean Winter Campaign: 1 December 1952 – 30 April 1953
Korea, Summer 1953 Campaign: May l-27 July 1953
Post Korean War
On 21 September 1953, Lieutenant No Kum-Sok flew his Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 to Kimpo Air Base in South Korea, claiming that he wanted to get away from the "red deceit." He received a $100,000 reward offered by Operation Moolah for defecting with his aircraft, which he claimed to have not heard about prior to his defection.
According to U.S. estimates, about one million South Koreans were killed or went missing during the war, 85% of them civilians. According to figures published in the Soviet Union, around 1.13 million people, or 11.1% of the total population, were killed in North Korea (with the total casualties of some 2.5 million). More than 80% of the industrial and public facilities and transportation infrastructure, three-quarters of all government buildings, and half of all housing was destroyed.
Both North and South Korea were devastated by the war, and the armistice has generally been adhered to by the North Koreans. As the Armistice took hold, the U.S. Air Force redeployed all but one tactical fighter wing from the peninsula, and in November 1954 Fifth Air Force was relieved from assignment for combat forces in South Korea. Fifth Air Force returned to Japan, where it was responsible for maintaining a strong tactical posture for the defense of Japan. The defense of South Korea became the responsibility of the 314th Air Division, which exercised that responsibility until 8 September 1986.
The 58th Fighter-Bomber Wing moved from Taegu AB to Osan-Ni AB in March 1955, and became the only permanently assigned tactical fighter wing on the peninsula. On 18 September 1956, the base was redesignated Osan AB—its current name. In July 1958, the U.S. Air Force inactivated the 58th FBW. At this time, the Eisenhower Administration promulgated a nuclear deterrence strategy. Osan AB thus became the main base of operations for air-to-ground Matador tactical missiles. Fifth Air Force also complemented this strategy by making rotational deployments of fighter aircraft units to Osan and Kunsan ABs from elsewhere to bolster Korean defenses as it steadily trained and equipped the ROK Air Force. Until the late 1960s the USAF in South Korea remained relatively dormant, hosting temporary deployments of flying units and serving as a safe haven base for aircraft evacuated from Okinawa and Guam during typhoons.
In Asia, tensions in the Taiwan Straits in 1954 and 1958 threatened to erupt into open warfare between the United States and the People's Republic of China, and the Cold War between the United States and Soviet Union shifted from to Berlin in the early 1960s.
1968 Pueblo Seizure
On 23 January 1968 the electronic intelligence gathering ship USS Pueblo (AGER-2) was boarded and captured by the North Koreans. The ship and its crew were taken to the port at Wonsan and the crew was taken hostage.
North Korea stated that the Pueblo strayed into their territorial waters, but the United States maintains that the vessel was in international waters at the time of the incident. More recently, facts have come to light that indicate that ship was captured by North Korea at the instigation of the Soviet Union, which was seeking a cryptographic machine on board to match with a key provided to the Soviets by the spy John Walker.
In response to the Pueblo seizure, the USAF deployed three augmented squadrons of the 4th Tactical Fighter Wing in January 1968 through July 1968 and then from the 354th Tactical Fighter Wing, flying the F-100 Super Sabre to Kunsan Air Base in July 1968, as part of the buildup of forces in Korea in the wake of the seizure. The 558th Tactical Fighter Squadron was removed from Vietnam and reassigned to Kunsan Airbase and later to Taegu Airbase. 558th weapons crews were tasked with loading nuclear weapons on their aircraft and remained on alert. Wayne Wartenberg Weapons Mechanic 558th Tacical Fighter Squadron 1967–1968 Vietnam
The 354th was equipped with two activated Air National Guard squadrons, and the wing consisted primarily of ANG and Air Force Reservists from other units, the bulk of USAF active duty airpower in the Pacific being committed to South Vietnam or Thailand at the time. On 10 June 1968, the ANG squadrons returned to the United States after the men of the Pueblo were released.
1969 Navy EC-121 Shootdown
On 15 April 1969, a Navy EC-121 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down by North Koreans about 90 miles southeast of the North Korean port of Chongjin. U.S. radar tracked two North Korean MiGs before the aircraft was shot down. They attempted to warn the aircraft, but the MiGs caught up with the slow-flying aircraft. All of its 31 crew members were killed. The bodies of only two crew members were recovered. Error was blamed on a North Korean ground-to-air controller's command and control error to the pilot.
As a result of these incidents with the North Koreans, and the resulting heightened tensions in the Korean peninsula, on 23 April the 421st Tactical Fighter Squadron was activated at Kunsan Air Base and attached to the 354th TFW. F-4Es from Eglin AFB were deployed to Kunsan and assigned to the 421st, with support personnel from the 4th TFS – deployed from Eglin to Da Nang Air Base South Vietnam were sent TDY to Kunsan to support the 421st.
At the end of tensions on 26 June 1969, the 421 TFS was inactivated at Kunsan, with the aircraft being sent to Da Nang as replacements along with the TDY personnel.
On 14 June 1970, the 354 TFW at Kunsan was inactivated with the new 54th Tactical Fighter Wing being activated in place. The 16th and 478th TFSs were transferred and attached to the 54th.
Post Vietnam era
On 15 March 1971, the 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing was activated at Kunsan AB. At Osan Air Base, PACAF activated the 51st Air Base Wing to assume host-unit responsibilities at Osan AB on 1 November 1971. Two weeks later, on 13 November, the 3rd TFW's 36th Tactical Fighter Squadron moved to Osan AB.
Total withdrawal of U.S. forces from Southeast Asia by 1976 resulted in another important change for Osan AB. On 30 September 1974, the 51st ABW was redesignated as the 51st Composite Wing (Tactical), and assigned the 36th TFS with its F-4D/E Phantoms and 19th Tactical Air Support Squadron with its OV-10A Broncos.
In September 1974 the 8th Tactical Fighter Wing moved from Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand to replace the 3rd at Kunsan. The move took place in name only, as the 8th moved without personnel or equipment, absorbing all assets of the 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing. This included the two flying squadrons, which continued to operate as the 35th and 80th Tactical Fighter Squadrons, reuniting the wing with two of its original squadrons.
Seventh Air Force
On 8 September 1986, Seventh Air Force activated at Osan AB, and assumed the mission of maintaining the armistice on the Korean peninsula previously performed by the 314th Air Division.
Activities by Seventh Air Force has been dictated largely by mission changes and enhancements, and the threat from North Korea. Introduction of the F-16 Falcon in 1988 led to construction of hardened aircraft shelters at Osan AB
As the ROK's military grew and matured into a formidable force by the late 1990s, political and military leaders from both countries reexamined the role of U.S. forces based on the peninsula. A major change in U.S. strategic policy coinciding with the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington DC. required a "transformation" of global U.S. military commitments and basing. The military had to adapt from a fixed, in-garrison-type force to a mobile, responsive force.
For its part, United States Forces Korea (USFK) studied how technological advances in weaponry could mitigate a reduction in personnel while the ROK military forces carried out an increasing role to protect its sovereignty. The result of this effort led to the landmark agreement known as the Land Partnership Plan in 2002 and the Security Policy Initiative in 2003 between the U.S. and the ROK governments. These decisions reflected a realignment in the roles and missions of USFK that forecast a significant reshaping and growth through 2011.
Since reaching this agreement, both as U.S. Air Forces Korea, under the joint USFK, and the USAF component to the United States and Republic of Korea Combined Forces Command's Air Component Command, Seventh AF has been an integral part of deterring aggression from North Korea.
Due to the ongoing threat of aggression from North Korea, USAF personnel assigned to South Korea are exempt from Expeditionary duty as part of the Global War on Terrorism.
USAF Units assigned to South Korea since July 1953
Command and Control
314th Air Division
Osan Ni (later, Osan) AB, Korea, 15 March 1955
Yong San, Korea, 7 November 1978
Osan AB, Korea, 1 April 1979 – 8 September 1986.
Activated at Nagoya AB, Japan, on 1 December 1950, the organization immediately assumed the missions of the air defense of Japan, logistical support for Fifth Air Force during the Korean War, and airfield construction in Japan. The division maintained assigned and attached forces at a high degree of combat readiness, March 1955 – September 1986. In fulfilling its mission, the division supported numerous military exercises in the region, such as Commando Bearcat, Commando Jade, and Commando Night.
Seventh Air Force
Osan AB, Korea, 8 September 1986—present
Since 1986, has served as the Air Force component to the U.S. and South Korean combined air command with the mission of deterring North Korean aggression.
Wings
3d Tactical Fighter Wing
Kunsan AB 15 March 1971 – 16 September 1974
Host unit at Kunsan Air Base
4th Fighter-Interceptor Wing
4th Fighter-Bomber Wing
4th Fighter-Day Wing
Kimpo AB, 23 August 1951 – 1 October 1954
Chitose AB, Japan, c. 25 November 1954 – 8 December 1957
Kunsan AB, January–July 1968 (TDY)
Provided air defense for Japan, 1953–1957. In February 1955, shot down two of eight North Korean MIGs that attacked an escort mission. Attached to 354th TFW at Kunsan AB 1968 during the Pueblo crisis.
8th Fighter-Bomber Wing
8th Tactical Fighter Wing
8th Fighter Wing
Suwon AB, South Korea, 23 August 1951
Itazuke AB, Japan, 20 October 1954 – 10 July 1964
Deployed at Kunsan AB, South Korea, 14–22 October 1955
Kunsan AB, South Korea, 16 September 1974–.
Air defense in South Korea, July 1953 – October 1954. Air defense in Japan, and maintenance of a quick-reaction strike force, October 1954 – May 1964. On 16 September 1974 the wing moved without personnel or equipment to Kunsan AB, South Korea, where it absorbed the resources of the 3d TFW. The 8th became responsible for air defense of South Korea
18th Fighter-Bomber Wing
18th Tactical Fighter Wing
18th Wing
Osan-ni, South Korea, 26 December 1952;
Kadena AB, Okinawa (later, Japan), 1 November 1954—present
Deployed at Osan AB, South Korea, 28 January-c. 13 June 1968, following North Korean seizure of USS Pueblo. Maintained air defense alert capability in South Korea, 1978 – present
54th Tactical Fighter Wing
Kunsan AB, South Korea, 15 June-31 October 1970
In June 1970, as the 54th Tactical Fighter Wing, replaced the 354th TFW at Kunsan AB, South Korea. Used attached F-4 squadrons in the Republic of Korea
325th Fighter-Interceptor Wing
Deployed to Osan AB 9 February – 1 July 1968
Deployed a large detachment at Osan AB, South Korea, to provide air defense
347th Tactical Fighter Wing
Yokota AB, Japan, 15 January 1968 – 15 May 1971
Air defense in Japan and South Korea, plus aerial reconnaissance and contingency operations
51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing
51st Tactical Fighter Wing (Tactical)
51st Wing (Tactical)
51st Fighter Wing (Tactical)
Suwon AB, South Korea, 1 October 1951 – 26 July 1954
Naha AB, Okinawa, 1 August 1954 – 31 May 1971
Osan AB, South Korea, 1 November 1971– present
Following the seizure of the USS Pueblo by North Korea, deployed one squadron (82nd Fighter-Interceptor) and support personnel to Suwon AB, Korea, 30 January-20 February 1968, and sent other personnel to Osan AB, South Korea, to support the 314th Air Division. Deployed an interceptor detachment to Suwon AB, South Korea, from June 1968 through 1970. In November 1971, served primarily as a support wing for Osan AB and the Koon-Ni range complex, and, after 15 April 1975, for Taegu AB, South Korea. Added a tactical mission on 30 September 1974. The wing lost control of Taegu AB from October 1978 to January 1982. The wing in 1982 gained a close air support capability to complement its air superiority role. Frequently deployed aircraft and crews to participate in training exercises throughout the Far East during this period. In addition, aircrews trained to perform fast forward air control missions beginning in 1984. In 1988–1989, mission shifted to offensive counterair and all-weather air interdiction. Restored tactical air control capabilities in October 1990, and, in September 1991, became the first operational F-16 unit to employ laser targeting with the LANTIRN navigation and targeting system. Airlift support operations were augmented with the addition of a flight of light transports in August 1992. Took part in a series of joint and combined training exercises for the defense of the Republic of Korea.
354th Tactical Fighter Wing
Kunsan AB, 2 July 1968 – 14 June 1970
Deployed to Kunsan Air Base from Myrtle Beach AFB, South Carolina during Pueblo Crisis,replacing the 4th TFW. Manned primarily by ANG people on active duty under 4th TFW control. When the 4th TFW departed, the 354th assumed active F-100 operations. Its two ANG squadrons returned to the United States in June 1969, and for 10 days in South Korea the wing was again without tactical components. Several rotational squadrons provided needed tactical force after this brief lapse. On 14 June 1970, the 354th passed its resources to the 54th TFW and returned to the United States
475th Air Base Wing
Temporarily deployed to: Kunsan AB January 1968 – March 1971
Temporarily deployed to: Taegu AB, July 1968 – April 1970
Maintained forward operating locations at Kunsan and Taegu Air Bases and maintained squadrons or segments thereof at each location, with periodic rotation back to Misawa AB Japan. A major earthquake on 16 May 1968 caused over $1 million damage to Misawa facilities. Phased down at Misawa in early 1971 and inactivated on 1 March all resources moving to Kunsan AB, South Korea, for the 3d Tactical Fighter Wing.
Source for unit history:
References
USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present
External links
Air Force
South Korea
*
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Rhyacophila nigrita
Rhyacophila nigrita is a species of free-living caddisfly in the family Rhyacophilidae. It is found in North America.
References
Category:Trichoptera
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Insects described in 1907
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2017 FedEx Cup Playoffs
The 2017 FedEx Cup Playoffs, the series of four golf tournaments that determined the season champion on the U.S.-based PGA Tour, was played from August 24 to September 24. It included the following four events:
The Northern Trust – Glen Oaks Club, Old Westbury, New York
Dell Technologies Championship – TPC Boston, Norton, Massachusetts
BMW Championship – Conway Farms Golf Club, Lake Forest, Illinois
Tour Championship – East Lake Golf Club, Atlanta, Georgia
These were the eleventh FedEx Cup playoffs since their inception in 2007.
The point distributions can be seen here.
Regular season rankings
The Northern Trust
The Northern Trust was played August 24–27. Of the 125 players eligible to play in the event, five did not enter: Sergio García (ranked 22), Brandt Snedeker (64), Adam Scott (66), Scott Piercy (85), and Dominic Bozzelli (115). Of the 120 entrants, 70 made the second-round cut at 142 (+2).
Dustin Johnson won on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff over Jordan Spieth. The top 100 players in the points standings advanced to the Dell Technologies Championship. This included three players who were outside the top 100 prior to The Northern Trust: Bubba Watson (ranked 113th to 72nd), David Lingmerth (122 to 88), and Harold Varner III (123 to 91). Three players started the tournament within the top 100 but ended the tournament outside the top 100, ending their playoff chances: An Byeong-hun (ranked 96th to 102nd), Robert Garrigus (99 to 109), and Noh Seung-yul (100 to 110).
Par 70 course
Dell Technologies Championship
The Dell Technologies Championship was played September 1–4. Of the 100 players eligible to play in the event, four did not enter: Henrik Stenson (ranked 22), Brandt Snedeker (68), J. B. Holmes (86), and Scott Piercy (94). Of the 96 entrants, 79 made the second-round cut at 145 (+3).
Justin Thomas won by three strokes over Jordan Spieth. It was Thomas's fifth win of the season and Spieth's second runner-up finish of the 2017 playoffs. The top 70 players in the points standings advanced to the BMW Championship. This included three players who were outside the top 70 prior to the Dell Technologies Championship: Stewart Cink (81 to 57), Rafael Cabrera-Bello (80 to 60), and Emiliano Grillo (77 to 62). Three players started the tournament within the top 70 but ended the tournament outside the top 70, ending their playoff chances: Russell Knox (65 to 71), Kelly Kraft (64 to 72), and Brandt Snedeker (68 to 73).
Par 71 course
BMW Championship
The BMW Championship was played September 14–17, after a one-week break. All 70 players eligible to play in the event did so, and there was no cut.
Marc Leishman won by five strokes from Rickie Fowler and Justin Rose. The top 30 players in the points standings advanced to the Tour Championship. This included four players who were outside the top 30 prior to the BMW Championship: Tony Finau (39 to 24), Sergio García (34 to 25), Xander Schauffele (32 to 26), and Patrick Cantlay (41 to 29). Four players started the tournament within the top 30 but ended the tournament outside the top 30, ending their playoff chances: Louis Oosthuizen (24 to 31), Henrik Stenson (26 to 32), Brendan Steele (27 to 33) and Bill Haas (30 to 35).
Par 71 course
Reseed points
The points were reset after the BMW Championship.
Tour Championship
The Tour Championship was played September 21–24. All 30 golfers who qualified for the tournament played, and there was no cut. Xander Schauffele won by one stroke over Justin Thomas but Thomas won the FedEx Cup.
Par 70 course
Final leaderboard
For the full list, see here.
Table of qualifying players
Table key:
* First-time Playoffs qualifier
References
External links
Coverage on the PGA Tour's official site
Category:FedEx Cup
Category:PGA Tour
Category:PGA Tour events
FedEx Cup Playoffs
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Mitch Stetter
Mitchel Blake Stetter (born January 16, 1981) is an American former professional baseball pitcher and current coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Milwaukee Brewers.
College
Stetter attended Indiana State University, where he was a pitcher. In 2001 and 2002, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was then drafted in the 16th round (459th overall) by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft. Stetter led the Sycamores in strikeouts and innings pitched in three seasons and once in wins. He finished his college career fifth in strikeouts and innings pitched and holds the record for the most hit batters in a season for Sycamore baseball with 32.
Major league career
Milwaukee Brewers
Stetter made his major league debut on September 1, , against the Pittsburgh Pirates.
On September 29, 2007, Stetter picked up his first major league win against the San Diego Padres and his former minor league and college teammate Joe Thatcher.
Stetter was up and down between the Brewers and Triple A Nashville during the 2008 season. He was added to the Brewers postseason roster, where he was a left-handed specialist, striking out of Ryan Howard and Chase Utley.
On April 17, 2009, Stetter gave up Gary Sheffield's 500th career home run.
On June 17, 2009, Stetter set a record by retiring his 10th and 11th consecutive batters by strikeout. As of June 25, 2009, the last 15 batters Stetter has retired have been by strikeout followed by a fly out to Corey Hart ending the streak.
On November 15, 2011, Stetter refused a minor league assignment and elected to become a free agent.
Texas Rangers
He signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers on January 23, 2012. He also received an invitation to spring training. However, he was released on March 26.
Second Stint with Brewers
Stetter re-signed with the Milwaukee Brewers on a minor league deal on April 11, 2012.
In 5 seasons with the Brewers, Stetter went 8-2 with a 4.08 ERA in 132 games with 89 strikeouts in 86 innings.
Los Angeles Angels
On November 8, 2012, Stetter signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim with an invitation to spring training; Stetter has spent the 2013 season with the Salt Lake City Bees, the Angels' Triple-AAA affiliate.
Coaching Career
Stetter retired in February 2014 and accepted position as a coach in the Kansas City Royals organization.
Stetter was selected to be pitching coach for the Surprise Saguaros during the 2017 Arizona Fall League season.
Stetter was named as the Pitching Coach for the Lexington Legends for the 2019 season.
References
External links
Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Huntingburg, Indiana
Category:People from Dubois County, Indiana
Category:Baseball coaches from Indiana
Category:Baseball players from Indiana
Category:Major League Baseball pitchers
Category:Milwaukee Brewers players
Category:Indiana State Sycamores baseball players
Category:Cotuit Kettleers players
Category:Helena Brewers players
Category:Beloit Snappers players
Category:High Desert Mavericks players
Category:Huntsville Stars players
Category:Arizona League Brewers players
Category:Nashville Sounds players
Category:Salt Lake Bees players
Category:Arizona League Angels players
Category:Scottsdale Scorpions players
Category:Peoria Javelinas players
Category:Minor league baseball coaches
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List of municipalities in Şanlıurfa Province
This is the List of municipalities in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey .
Municipalities and mayors
List is sorted alphabetically A-Z, as Districts->Municipalities.
Changes in 2014
According to Law act no 6360, belde (town) municipalities within provinces with more than 750000 population ( so called Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey) were abolished as of 30 March 2014. 14 belde municipalities in the above list are now defunct. The list is kept for historical reference.
References
Category:Geography of Şanlıurfa Province
Sanliurfa
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Abraham Beverley Walker
Abraham Beverley Walker (23 August 1851 – 21 April 1909) was a New Brunswick-born lawyer and journalist. He was the first black lawyer in New Brunswick, the second black lawyer in Canada, and the first Canadian-born black lawyer (Robert Sutherland having been born in Jamaica).
Early life and education
Walker, who was of Loyalist ancestry, was a farmer's son in the Kingston peninsula area. His family had settled there in 1786, placing them in the first group of black settlers on the peninsula, which is upriver from Saint John. Walker grew up in a large family in the rural community of Kars, and attended the one-room schoolhouse there. He learned shorthand from an Anglican preacher in Kingston.
Walker studied law at the National University Law School in Washington, DC, and later took law courses at Saint John Law School.
Career
In 1882, Walker was called to the bar. He opened a law practice in Saint John. After suffering numerous setbacks in his career as a lawyer and painful racial snubs at many levels, he was admitted as a solicitor to the Supreme Court of New Brunswick. In 1892, when the Saint John Law School opened, he was the first non-white student.
Walker was promised a Queen's and King's Counsel appointment several times, but racist objections prevented it. Despite this, he emerged as the leader of his racial group in the Maritimes and pursued work in civil rights. He lectured throughout North America in support of this cause. In 1903 and 1904, Walker published a magazine called Neith, focusing on race issues, history, philosophy, literature, and art, making him the first black New Brunswick publisher.
In 2019, Walker was successfully nominated to receive the Order of New Brunswick "for his inspiring achievements as Canada's first black lawyer admitted to the bar and for his commitment to civil rights in New Brunswick and across North America."
References
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Category:1851 births
Category:1909 deaths
Category:Canadian journalists
Category:Canadian lawyers
Category:Black Canadian people
Category:Black Canadian lawyers
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Yuri Salko
Salko Yury (, born 1964) is a Ukrainian visual artist. He graduated from the Grekov Art College, Odessa, Ukraine in 1984 and Shevchenko Transnistria State University, Tiraspol, Transnistria in 1999.
He works in different areas of fine arts such as (painting, graphics, sculpture).
Yuri Salko is a member International Academy of Modern Art, Rome, Italy; Peter's Academy of Arts and Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; International Association "Union of Designers of Transnistria"; International Association of Culture and Art; The National Union of Artists of Moldova; The National Union of Artists of Ukraine, the author and co-organizer of the International Project artists «Kam Art».
According to the artist's works were issued stamps with the flora and fauna of Transnistria.
Exhibitions selectively
2007-2010: Residence "Excel Roma Montemario", Rome, Italy;
2011: Federation for Peace and Conciliation, Moscow, Russia;
2012: Museum of Jewish Culture, Shidluv, Poland;
2013: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Tiraspol, Moldova; Gallery of the European Commission, Brussels, Belgium;
2014: Art-gallery "Victory Gardens", Odessa, Ukraine; International charitable Senior Services Art Show and Elberson Fine Arts Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States; Rotterdam International Art Fair, medieval "De Laurenskerk", Netherlands;
2015: Art Revolution Taipei, World Trade Center, Taipei, Taiwan;
Participated in more than 200 exhibitions and symposiums.
Art awards
2000: Crystal sphere «POAART for peace», Slovenia;
2007: Silver Medal, Medusa Aurea Trophy, Rome, Italy,;
2008: Full Member of Academic Senate, International Academy of Modern Art, Rome, Italy;
2008: Honored Worker of Arts, Kiev, Ukraine;
2009: Gold Medal, Intern. Art Competition NAFA, Pocos de Caldas, Brasilia;
2009: Honour Member, National Academy of Fine Arts, Brasilia;
2011: Merit Award, Palm Art Award, Art Domain Group, Leipzig, Germany;
2011: Full Member, Peter's Academy of Arts and Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia;
2014: State honorary title “People’s Artist of Transdniestria”, Moldova; Whois Publisher Priсe, Palm Art Award, Art Domain Group, Quedlinburg, Germany;
2015: Medal Intercession of the Theotokos, Diocese, Moldova; Award, Art Revolution Taipei International Competition, Taiwan International Contemporary Artist Association, Taiwan.
Artworks in public collections
Lviv National Museum, Ukraine;
Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kiev, Ukraine;
Historical Museum, Lviv, Ukraine;
History and Art Museum, Bacău, Romania;
Memorial Museum of Dostoevsky, St. Petersburg, Russia;
International Academy of Modern Art, Rome, Italy;
Affendi Museum, Yogyakarta, Indonesia;
State Art Museum of Transnistria, Bender, Moldova;
Senior Services Inc. of Winston-Salem and Forsyth County, United States
Selectively Projects
2006-2015 KAM ART - "Spirit of art" - International Project, includes artists symposiums: «Kam Art» in Transnistria (MD) and "In the name of Saint Andrei Rublev" in Russia and Abkhazia,. This is Plein Air with health recovery symposium participants in the popular resort, scientific and artistic conferences, workshops, pilgrimages to monasteries and churches, art exhibitions in museums and galleries, charitable activities for schools and orphanages.
References
The Album «POAART for peace», C. Njegovan, Maribor, Slovenia, 2000;
Art Album-monography «Salko», I. Antoniuk, Ministry of Education, Tiraspol (MD), 2005;
Catalogs «International UNESCO Ex-Libris Competitions», Library «Sturza», Bacau, Romania, 2005—2008;
Il notiziario della ACCADEMIA internationale d'arte moderna, F. de Benedetta, A.I.A.M., Roma, Italy, 2007-2010;
The World of levkas, 3 volumes, Academy of Arts, Chernivtsi (UA), 2007;
Real landscape and its painterly representation, A. Borch, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw (PL), 2009;
«Painter, Mirror, Self portrait», R. Levandowski, Kraków, Poland, 2009;
Who’s Who in visual Art, Vol.2012-2013,
Who’s Who in visual Art, Vol.2014-2015, Art Domain Whois Verlag, Leipzih (DE), 2014;
Art Domain Whois Verlag, Leipzih (DE), 2012;
Important World Artists, Vol. 1, World Wide Art Books Inc. Santa Barbara, CA, (US), 2013;
R'dam Int'l Art Fair. Global Art Agency Ltd. Oxford (GB), 2014;
Contemporary International Ex-Libris Artists, A.Miranda, Sousa & Braga (PT), 2015;
Art. Investment; Chinese Contemporary Art News, Chinese Art Books Co., Ltd. (TW), 2015;
50 Masters of Realistic Imagery, Vol.2015-2016,
Ulrich Goette Himmelblau, Art Domain Whois Publisher, Leipzih (DE), 2015;
External links
Artist home page
Facebook page
Nina Shtanski «Paintings Transdniestrian artists is a vivid example of the public, folk and personal diplomacy» (on Rus.)
Elena Mandraji: Search of "philosopher's stone" (on Rus.)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Transnistria has opened a new art season
Category:1964 births
Category:Artist authors
Category:21st-century Ukrainian painters
Category:Living people
Category:People from Kryvyi Rih
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Daisuke Ejima
is a Paralympic swimmer from Japan competing mainly in category S7 events.
Daisuke has competed at two Paralympics, firstly in 2004 in Athens and then in 2008 in Beijing. In Athens he was part of the Japanese 4x50m Medley team that won a silver medal behind a new Paralympic record set by Brazil. He also competed in the 50m butterfly finishing seventh, 100m backstroke finishing seventh and was disqualified from the heat of 200m individual medley. At the 2008 games he competed in the same individual events finishing fourth in the 50m butterfly, fifth in the 100m backstroke and seventh in the 200m individual medley.
References
Category:Paralympic swimmers of Japan
Category:Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Category:Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Category:Paralympic silver medalists for Japan
Category:Japanese male swimmers
Category:Living people
Category:Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Category:Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Category:S7-classified Paralympic swimmers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Elena Epuran
Elena Epuran (born 15 November 1931) is a Romanian alpine skier. She competed in three events at the 1956 Winter Olympics.
References
Category:1931 births
Category:Living people
Category:Romanian female alpine skiers
Category:Olympic alpine skiers of Romania
Category:Alpine skiers at the 1956 Winter Olympics
Category:People from Predeal
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Albot
Albot is a Moldovan surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Nata Albot, Moldovan journalist and producer
Radu Albot, Moldovan tennis player
Category:Surnames of Moldovan origin
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Granville Primary Jamaica
Granville Primary School is a co-educational primary school located in Granville, Trelawny in Jamaica. A free institution under management of the Jamaican Minister of Education which is responsible for most of the school's tuition, the school offers education from the 1st through the 6th grades.
Curriculum
The school teaches a variety of subjects, but also takes special interest in the subjects of math, science, English and social studies. Each homeroom teaches different subjects by teachers who are assigned to a group of students for the whole school year. The teachers aim to ready students for the Grade Six Achievement Test (formerly known as Common Entrance) which each student takes in the 6th grade to determine which high school they will attend.
Student leadership development
Students who excel academically and display other positive qualities receive the honour of becoming a student prefect, a student leader with a higher status than hall monitors. Prefects are each assigned a class which they are responsible for organizing during morning devotion and students re-entering after lunch. They also have duties during lunch, like ensuring that students do not leave campus. They are permitted the privilege of entering class 10 minutes late.
Extracurricular activities
As for extracurriculars, the school participates in a number of national and regional competitions, often receiving awards. Among these are the Gleaner Spelling Bee Competition, cricket, soccer and 4-H competitions. The school won the Gleaner Spelling Competition three times in a row with Nigel Phillips winning once and Lariecia Harvey winning twice. The school also has an Inter-House Quiz Competition.
Sports
The school also participates in the following sports:
Track and field
Cross country running
Cricket
Football
See also
Education in Jamaica
List of schools in Jamaica
List of universities and colleges in Jamaica
Category:Schools in Jamaica
Category:Buildings and structures in Trelawny Parish
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William Smith, 3rd Viscount Hambleden
William Henry Smith, 3rd Viscount Hambleden (25 July 1903 – 31 March 1948), was a British peer and descendant of the founders of stationery group W H Smith.
Early life and career
Lord Hambleden was the 2nd child and eldest son of Frederick Smith and Esther Georgiana Caroline nee Gore (1870–1955), a daughter of Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran. He was educated at Eton College and New College, Oxford.
After his father's death in 1928, the family business, W H Smith, was reconstituted as a limited company, in which Smith owned all the ordinary shares and was chairman. On his death in 1948, the death duties were so severe that a public holding company had to be formed and shares sold to W H Smith staff and the public. His younger brother, David John Smith, remained chairman until 1972, but the Smith family's control slipped away, and the last family member left the board in 1996.
Marriage and family
His wife, Patricia Smith, Viscountess Hambleden was a Lady of the Bedchamber to HM Queen Elizabeth, later the Queen Mother. Patricia, Viscountess Hambleden, was appointed Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (DCVO), and, years later, to Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO). The couple had five children:
William Herbert Smith (1930–2012)
Laura Caroline Beatrice Smith (1931–2000). Her son, Charles Brand (b. 1954) is a godson of Princess Margaret.
Katharine Patricia Smith (1933–2002). Her son, Patrick Moffatt (b. 1968) is also a godson of Princess Margaret.
Richard Edward Smith (1937–2014)
Philip Reginald Smith (b. 1945)
In 1961 his daughter, Katharine Smith, married the screenwriter Ivan Moffat, with whom she had two sons, Jonathan (born 1964) and Patrick Moffat (born 1968). The marriage was dissolved in 1972, and she married Peter Townend in 1973.
He succeeded to the title of Viscount Hambleden following his father's death in 1928. He was succeeded by his eldest son, William Herbert.
See also
Category:1903 births
Category:1948 deaths
Category:Alumni of New College, Oxford
Category:People educated at Eton College
Category:Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
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Hitoshi Yamakawa
was a Japanese socialist intellectual. He played a leading role in founding the Japanese Communist Party in 1922. He was also one of the founders of Rono-ha (workers farmers faction), a group of Marxist thinkers opposed to the Comintern. His most famous work was the essay "A change of course for the proletarian movement" (無産階級運動の方向転換) where he advocated direct political action and better coordination with the labour movement while criticising the anarchist movement for failing to achieve any lasting results. He is remembered in Japan today for being instrumental in introducing Marxism and socialism to Japanese thinkers.
Early life
Yamakawa was born in Kurashiki in southern Honshu in 1880. He was enrolled in the Doshisha high school in Kyoto, where he converted to Christianity, he did however not finish his studies and dropped out because of his dissatisfaction with the way the school was restructuring itself in order to receive accreditation from the Ministry of Education. He moved to Tokyo, where he helped to write an article on the Crown Prince´s marriage that got him sentenced to two years in jail. This was the first time anyone was sentenced for leèse-majesté in Japan and earned Yamakawa some fame.
In jail Yamakawa started familiarising himself with Marxism. After his release he met the socialist Kotoku Shusui, who offered him a position at a paper he was editing, but Yamakawa declined and moved back to his home town. A few years later, disillusioned with his work, he contacted Kotoku, who again offered him a position. This time he accepted it. He moved back to Tokyo and started working at the Heimin Shimbun in early 1907 where he met his livelong friends Toshihiko Sakai and Kanson Arahata, he was converted to syndicalism under the influence of Kotoku only a month later, but was sent to jail again in 1908. After being released a few years later Yamakawa moved back home once more and dropped all socialist activities because of government repression.
Founding a Communist Party
Yamakawa resumed writing in 1916. The Russian Revolution caught him and most Japanese socialists by surprise, he did however gradually convert from anarchism to Bolshevism. When agents of the Comintern tried to establish relations with Japanese socialists Yamakawa was one of the first ones contacted, he was though initially reluctant to establish relations which could land him back in prison. In 1922 younger converts to Bolshevism were becoming impatient and Yamakawa along with Sakai and Arahata agreed to found an illegal Communist Party.
A Change of Course
Yamakawa wrote the essay "A change of course for the proletarian movement" in August 1922, which was in fact a manifesto for the new Communist party. In it, he criticized the anarchist faction which had been dominant within the socialist and labour movement in Japan for being idle dreamers who failed to obtain anything concrete that actually benefited the working class. He advocated direct political action and organization of the working class. The document was the beginning of the end for anarchists in Japan and a year later, when its main leader Osugi Sakae was murdered by a military policeman, anarchism ceased to be an active political force in Japan.
Yamakawa´s approach was first and foremost practical. He wanted a broad socialist movement focusing on practical gains. This approach later become known as Yamakawaism and was contrasted by Fukumotoism.
Yamakawa became the most influential theoretician of the small Communist party which, while illegal, was popular among left wing students and academics. In 1924, however, he opted to dissolve the party, arguing that the time was not right for a Communist Party in Japan.
The Labour-Farmer faction and later years
In 1927 Yamakawa and others established a loosely organised Marxist group, the Rono-ha (Labour Farmer Faction), which influenced socialist and Communist activists through writings and discussions while refraining from open political action. The Rono-ha got its name from its belief that a Communist movement would need to be a broad based movement with support from both workers and farmers. It also opposed the Kono-ha (lecture faction) which followed the Comintern.
Yamakawa withdrew from active politics in 1931, but was nevertheless thrown in prison in 1937 when the government was clamping down on dissent after invading China. He spent the war years in prison.
After his release in 1945, Yamakawa became an adviser to the new Japan Socialist Party and, after it split into left-wing and right-wing factions, became an influential mentor to the leaders of the left-wing faction with Itsurō Sakisaka. He died of cancer in 1958.
Yamakawa was married to the outspoken feminist Kikue Yamakawa.
References
Swift, Thomas Duane. Yamakawa Hitoshi and the dawn of Japanese Socialism. University of California, Berkeley. 1970. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation.)
Yamakawa Hitoshi Jiden, Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo, 1961.
A Change of course for the proletarian movement by Yamakawa Hitoshi
External links
Category:People of Meiji-period Japan
Category:Japanese socialists
Category:People from Kurashiki
Category:1880 births
Category:1958 deaths
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Olga Seleznyova
Olga Seleznyova (born 7 June 1975) is a Kazakhstani cross-country skier. She competed in four events at the 1998 Winter Olympics.
References
Category:1975 births
Category:Living people
Category:Kazakhstani female cross-country skiers
Category:Olympic cross-country skiers of Kazakhstan
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Category:People from Kostanay
Category:Asian Games medalists in cross-country skiing
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1996 Asian Winter Games
Category:Cross-country skiers at the 1999 Asian Winter Games
Category:Asian Games gold medalists for Kazakhstan
Category:Medalists at the 1999 Asian Winter Games
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Dylan Thompson
Dylan Thompson (born October 24, 1991) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at South Carolina. Thompson performed backup signal caller duties for the majority of his career, however after the graduation of Connor Shaw, he was named the starting quarterback for the Gamecocks during the 2014 season.
Early years
Thompson attended Boiling Springs High School in Boiling Springs, South Carolina, where he played football and basketball, earning scholarship offers for both sports. He signed with South Carolina on June 15, 2009.
College career
After redshirting during the 2010 season, Thompson's first significant amount of play time would come during the 2012 season. He earned his first career start on September 8, 2012, after Connor Shaw was injured during the season opener at Vanderbilt. Thompson would use that opportunity to lead the Gamecocks to a 48-10 route of East Carolina. He finished the season with 66 completions on 127 passing attempts, netting 1,027 passing yards and 11 touchdowns (1 rushing).
In 2013, Thompson again performed backup duties. He played in 10 of the Gamecocks' 13 games, earning a start at conference foe Missouri. Thompson finished the season with 52 completions on 89 passing attempts, netting 783 passing yards and 5 touchdowns (1 rushing).
Prior to the 2014 season, Gamecock head football coach, Steve Spurrier, named Thompson as the starting quarterback. Thompson started all 13 games for the Gamecocks. Despite his record-breaking offensive performance, he led the team to a comparatively lackluster season, largely due to poor defensive play. He would end the season (and his college career) with a 24–21 victory over the Miami Hurricanes in the 2014 Independence Bowl and as the SEC leader in several passing statistics.
Professional career
San Francisco 49ers
After going undrafted in the 2015 NFL Draft, Thompson signed with the San Francisco 49ers on May 5, 2015. He joined former Gamecock teammates Bruce Ellington and Mike Davis on the 49ers. Thompson was released by the 49ers on September 5, 2015, due to roster cuts.
Thompson was signed to the 49ers' practice squad on September 6, 2015. He was promoted to the active roster on November 21, 2015, as backup to Blaine Gabbert after Colin Kaepernick was placed on injured reserve for the rest of the season. On May 6, 2016, Thompson was released by the 49ers.
Los Angeles Rams
On June 7, 2016, Thompson was signed by the Los Angeles Rams. On August 30, 2016, he was released by the Rams.
On May 30, 2017, Thompson was re-signed by the Rams. He was waived by the Rams on June 15, 2017.
Detroit Lions
In 2018, Thompson was hired by the Detroit Lions as the teams character coach. While he assists with many programs his main duties are to help players with the NFL transition and to help with support off of the field. He was previously the Director of Player Development for the Charleston Southern basketball team.
References
External links
South Carolina Gamecocks bio
Sports-Reference statistics
Category:1991 births
Category:Living people
Category:Players of American football from South Carolina
Category:People from Boiling Springs, South Carolina
Category:American football quarterbacks
Category:South Carolina Gamecocks football players
Category:San Francisco 49ers players
Category:Los Angeles Rams players
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Alf Sommerfelt
Alf Sommerfelt (November 23, 1892October 12, 1965), was a Norwegian linguist and the first professor of linguistics in Norway, working at the University of Oslo from 1931 to 1962.
Personal life
Sommerfelt was born in Trondheim, Norway. He married the young adult literature writer Aimée Sommerfelt. He died in Nes, Norway, aged 72.
Linguistics work
Sommerfelt was a central figure in the introduction of structuralism in Norway. He had studied in Paris, and held lectures on Saussure, glossematics, the Prague school and American structuralism. People at the Nordic institutes, on the other hand, didn't subscribe to Sommerfelt's methods, and there was little contact between them and the structuralists until the 1960s.
Together with the Slavicist Olaf Broch, Sommerfelt founded the Norwegian association for linguistics in 1924, an association that would play an important part in the introduction of new linguistic theories to Norway.
Sommerfelt wrote several popular introductions to linguistics. He also wrote an introductory book on general linguistics (1947), a book read by all the linguistics students at the university of Oslo, and reprinted ten years later. Sommerfelt was also one of the editors of Norsk riksmålsordbog (the Norwegian Riksmål dictionary).
Selected bibliography
Sommerfelt, Alf 1921: Le Breton parlé a Saint-Pol-de-Leon : Phonétique et morphologie
Sommerfelt, Alf 1922: The dialect of Torr Co. Donegal. Videnskapsselskapets skrifter II. Hist.-filos. kl. 1-2
Sommerfelt, Alf Hvordan sproget blir til : en oversikt over sprogets rolle i samfundene Oslo : Cappelens forlag.
Sommerfelt, Alf 1947: Almen språkvitenskap : (det propedeutiske kursus).
References
Hovdhaugen, Even, Fred Karlsson, Carol Henriksen and Bengt Sigurd: The History of Linguistics in the Nordic Countries. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.
Category:1892 births
Category:1965 deaths
Category:People from Trondheim
Category:University of Oslo faculty
Category:Linguists from Norway
Category:Structuralism
Category:Norwegian people of World War II
Category:Road incident deaths in Norway
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Alfred Inigo Suckling
Alfred Inigo Suckling (1796–1856), surname originally Fox, was an English clergyman, an author and historian of Suffolk.
Life
Born on 31 January 1796 in Norwich, he was the only son of Alexander Fox, by his wife Anna Maria (née Suckling, d.1848), daughter of Robert Suckling of Woodton in Norfolk, by his wife, Susannah Webb, a descendant of Inigo Jones. Robert Suckling, his maternal grandfather, was of an old Norfolk family, which counted among its members the poet Sir John Suckling and Horatio Nelson's uncle, Maurice William Suckling. On the death of Robert's son, Maurice, without issue on 1 December 1820, Alfred Inigo took the surname and arms of Suckling and succeeded to the estates.
He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in May 1814 and graduated LL.B. in 1824. He was ordained at Norwich on 15 October 1820. On 10 July 1839 he was instituted on his own petition to the rectory of Barsham in Suffolk, which he held until his death.
He devoted most of his life to topographical depictions of Suffolk and Essex, his most notable work being the monumental 'History and Antiquities of Suffolk'.
He died at 40 Belmont Road, St. Helier, Jersey, on 3 May 1856 and is buried in Jersey.
Works
Memorials of the County of Essex, London, 1845; originally printed in ‘Quarterly Papers on Architecture,’ 1845, vol. iii., edited by John Weale.
History and Antiquities of Suffolk, London, 1846–8, incomplete.
His Antique and Armorial Collections, 1821–39, 16 vols. consisting of notices of architectural and monumental antiquities in England and Picardy, form Additional MSS. 18476–91 (British Museum).
He also edited Selections from the Works of Sir John Suckling, with a Life of the Author, London, 1836.
Family
On 31 January 1816 he married Lucia Clementina, eldest daughter of Samuel Clarke, by whom he had four sons—Robert Alfred, Maurice Shelton, Charles Richard, and Henry Edward—and six daughters.
Footnote references
General references
- but note that the birthplace of his father-in-law in incorrectly cited there.
Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students ..., Volume 2, by John Venn, p. 79.
Notes and queries, 8th Series, Vol 12, Jul-Dec 1897. https://archive.org/stream/s8notesqueries12londuoft/s8notesqueries12londuoft_djvu.txt
Attribution
Category:1796 births
Category:1856 deaths
Category:19th-century English Anglican priests
Category:English antiquarians
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Prasophyllum brownii
Prasophyllum brownii, commonly known as the Christmas leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is one of the last of the genus in Western Australia to flower and has a tall flowering stem with up to eighty pale green and fawn-coloured flowers.
Description
Prasophyllum brownii is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single smooth, light green, tube-shaped leaf long and in diameter near the base. Between thirty and eighty or more flowers are arranged on a flowering spike high. The flowers are light green, white and fawn-coloured, long and wide. As with others in the genus, the flowers are inverted so that the labellum is above the column rather than below it. The dorsal sepal curves upwards and the petals face forwards, giving the flowers a cup-shaped appearance. The lateral sepals are erect and joined to each other by their sides. The labellum is broad, turns upwards but not as sharply as in other leek orchids, and has a frilly edge. Flowering occurs from November to January.
Taxonomy and naming
Prasophyllum brownii was first formally described in 1871 by Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach and the description was published in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde. The specific epithet (brownii) honours the naturalist Robert Brown who collected the type specimen near Albany in 1801.
Distribution and habitat
The Christmas leek orchid grows in a wide range of habitats, including wet areas, forest and woodland and is often found growing on rotting logs and stumps. It occurs between Perth and Esperance.
Conservation
This orchid is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
References
External links
brownii
Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia
Category:Endemic orchids of Australia
Category:Plants described in 1871
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Eggs Neptune
Eggs Neptune is a layered breakfast or brunch dish consisting of a split English muffin, crab meat, poached eggs, and hollandaise sauce. It is a variation of Eggs Benedict with crab meat replacing Canadian bacon.
See also
Crab cake
List of brunch foods
List of egg dishes
References
External links
Erin Zimmer's article about Eggs Neptune on Serious Eats
Category:American cuisine
Category:Cuisine of New York City
Category:Egg dishes
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John James Clark
John James Clark (23 January 1838 – 25 June 1915), an Australian architect, was born in Liverpool, England. Clark's 30 years in public service, in combination with 33 in private practice, produced some of Australia's most notable public buildings, as well as at least one prominent building in New Zealand.
Biography
John James Clark, commonly referred to as JJ, was born in Liverpool, England on 23 January 1838 to parents George and Mary Clark. Clark was one of six children. The family relocated from Liverpool to Melbourne, Australia in March 1852, in hopes of capitalising on the Victorian gold rush. Whilst other family members took up employment working in the gold fields, 14-year-old Clark pursued his interest in architecture and was employed as a draftsman for the colonial architect's office. JJ continued in public service until 1878 when he was retrenched in the Black Wednesday dismissals. Clark took a brief sabbatical in 1858 to tour Europe
In 1865 Clark married Mary Taylor Watmuff (1844–1871) they remained married until her untimely death at the age of 26 in 1871. The couple had one child, Edward James, in 1868. In 1889 when Edward was 21, Clark took him on a tour of Europe and America, mirroring that of the one Clark took in his own youth.
In 1880 Clark set up private practice in central Melbourne. Between 1881 and 1896 Clark relocated several times between Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia in pursuit of commissions and employment. One of Clark's most notable achievements, during this time, was his appointment as Queensland Colonial Architect.
In 1896 Clark and his son formed a professional partnership that lasted until his death, and saw them complete works in Perth, Brisbane and Melbourne. Clark died at his residence in St Kilda, Melbourne on 25 June 1915.
J J Clark is the subject of a biography published in 2012 by NewSouth books.
Works
Old Treasury Building
Old Treasury Building is considered by many as one of the finest examples of Renaissance Revival architecture in Melbourne. Clark began designing this building in 1857 when he was nineteen. Construction began in 1858 using bluestone, sourced from Broadmeadows for its foundations, and sandstone, from Baccus Marsh, for its intricate external facade. The building was completed in 1862. Originally the treasury was designed to hold Victoria's state gold, and also offices major colonial leaders. In 1874 the Treasury offices were relocated, however the building was still used weekly for meetings with the Governor General. In 1992 the building was restored, and from 2005 it was the home of the City Museum.
Melbourne City Baths
Designed by Clark and his son Edward James in 1904, the Melbourne City Baths were the result of a winning competition entry to redesign the existing baths.
A significant example of the Edwardian Baroque style, the building uses a bold two tone palette of red brick and cream yellow rendered concrete. The highly articulated facade wraps around the corners of the site and displays multiple classical instances of cupolas, archways and triangular pediments that is considered by some as ‘Federation Freestyle’. These motifs also reflected a mesh of architectural styles popular in England and America at that time.
Queen Victoria Women's Hospital
Clark's original design for the Queen Victoria Hospital occupied an entire block in Melbourne's CBD. In later years the hospital was relocated and subsequently a significant portion of the building was deconstructed. Currently all that remains of the original design is one of the three pavilions that ran along Lonsdale Street. Designed by Clark whilst in partnership with his son Edward James, the hospital was completed in 1910 in an Edwardian Baroque style. The design worked as a network of pavilions connected by a large central corridor that ran through the site. Raised upon a bluestone base the red brick ‘blood & bandage’ building is ornamented with rendered concrete flanked by cupola topped turrets. The building's remnants are currently occupied by the Queen Victoria Women's Centre.
Further notable works
Victoria, Melbourne
1856 The Government Printing Office
1858 The Old Treasury Building
1860 The Port Melbourne Court House (originally known as Sandridge Police Court)
1871 The Royal Mint
1874 The Victorian Titles Office
1874 The Supreme Court
1874 Government House
1876 The Customs House
1903 The City Baths
1907 Women's Hospital
1907 Carlton Refuge
1912 The Queen Victoria Hospital (partially demolished in 1994)
1912 Melbourne Hospital
- The Port Melbourne Post Office
Victoria, Regional
1864 Aradale Mental Hospital (as assistant of G. W. Vivian)
1904 The Ballarat National Mutual Building
- The Geelong Customs House
- The Geelong Supreme Court
- The Beechworth Mental Hospital
- The Sale Court House
- The Rutherglen Court House
- The Bright Post Office
- The Castlemaine Post Office
- The Yackandandah Post Office
- The Kilmore Post Office
Queensland
1894 The Brisbane Children's Hospital
1885 The Brisbane Treasury Building
1885 Townsville Post and Telegraph Office
1885 Townsville Hospital
1885 Charters Towers Courthouse
1885 Mackay Courthouse
1885 Kangaroo Point Immigration Centre (Yungaba Immigration Centre)
1895 The Booroodabin Public Baths
1901 Brisbane Central Railway Station
1901 an unexecuted design for the Townsville Railway Station
- Gympie Town Hall (first stage)
- Warwick Town Hall
- Maryborough Railway Station
- Brisbane Masonic Memorial Temple
New South Wales
1899 A new scheme for the Newcastle Hospital (of which only the Nurses' Quarters and operating Theatre were built)
1903 The Maitland Hospital
1862 A unexecuted design for the Sydney Free Public Library
1881 The Waverley Town Hall (unexecuted)
1882 The Orange Town Hall
1880 The Wagga Wagga Town Hall (unexecuted)
Western Australia
1897 Perth St Andrew's Presbyterian Church
1897 Fremantle Town Hall, alterations and extensions
1898 Perth Royal Children's Hospital (unexecuted)
1898 Vasse Butter Factory
New Zealand
1907 Auckland Town Hall
- A design for the Auckland Supreme Court
- A design for a Christchurch Court House
Awards
Clark placed in 38 of the 47 competitions he entered throughout his career; of these, 24 were first placements.
Clark's obituary stated his partnership with son Edward James Clark, became his most professionally successfully period in respect to competition wins with the firm winning in succession competitions for:
Fremantle Town Hall Auditorium Alterations (Fremantle, 1897)
Saint Andrew's Presbyterian Church (Perth, 1897)
Royal Children's Hospital (Perth, 1898)
Newcastle Hospital (Newcastle, 1899)
Maitland Hospital (Maitland, 1903)
The City Baths (Melbourne, 1903)
Additionally in later years the firm successful campaigned for
National Mutual Building (Ballarat, 1904)
Women's Hospital (Melbourne, 1907)
Carlton Refuge (Melbourne, 1907)
Auckland Town Hall (Auckland, 1907 )
Melbourne Hospital (Melbourne, 1912)
His other competition awards were produced from individual work, partnerships and associations with architectural firms.
References
Further reading
Dodd, Andrew (2012): JJ Clark: Architect of the Australian Renaissance, University of New South Wales Press
External links
Category:1838 births
Category:1915 deaths
Category:New South Wales architects
Category:Queensland architects
Category:Architects from Melbourne
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Goulburn–Murray Water
Goulburn–Murray Water, the trading name of the GoulburnMurray Rural Water Corporation, a statutory authority of the Victorian Government, provides bulk water storage and supply services to people of Northern Country/North Central Victoria and the Southern Riverina regions in Australia.
Established pursuant to the , GoulburnMurray Water manages bulk water supplies to local governmentowned water utilities, provides flood mitigation services, and manages the health of the Goulburn and Murray rivers catchment in northern Victoria. GoulburnMurray Water also provides irrigation services to about stretching from the Great Dividing Range to the south, the Murray River to the north and stretching from in the east to .
GoulburnMurray Water is managed by a managing director who reports to a Board of Management that are ultimately responsible to the Minister for Water, presently Lisa Neville. The Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning provides administrative oversight of the statutory authority.
In 2011 it was reported that GoulburnMurray Water had an operating shortfall of 80 million in its budget.
See also
Murray-Darling Basin Authority
Water security in Australia
Water supply and sanitation in Australia
Murray River
Goulburn River
References
Category:Water companies of Victoria (Australia)
Australia Victoria Goulburn-Murray Water
Category:1989 establishments in Australia
Category:Murray-Darling basin
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Morocco at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Morocco competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, from 27 July to 12 August 2012. It was the nation's thirteenth appearance at the Olympics, having not participated at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, because of its support of the United States boycott.
Comité Olympique Marocain sent the nation's largest ever delegation to the Games. A total of 63 athletes, 46 men and 17 women, competed in 12 sports, including the nation's Olympic debut in equestrian events. Men's football was the only team event in which Morocco was represented at these Olympic games. Twelve of the athletes had competed in Beijing, including world indoor champion and middle-distance runner Abdalaati Iguider, and breaststroke swimmer Sara El Bekri. Arab Games champion and taekwondo jin Wiam Dislam was the nation's flag bearer at the opening ceremony. Among the sports played by the athletes, Morocco also marked its Olympic return in slalom canoeing and road cycling after long years of absence.
Morocco, however, failed to win a gold and a silver medal in the Olympics for the first time since 1976, after poor athletic performances at these games. Abdalaati Iguider won the nation's only medal, a bronze, in the men's 1500 metres.
Medalists
Athletics
Moroccan athletes have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following athletics events (up to a maximum of 3 athletes in each event at the 'A' Standard, and 1 at the 'B' Standard):
Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event
Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
Men
Women
Boxing
Morocco has so far qualified boxers for the following events
Men
Women
Canoeing
Slalom
Morocco has qualified boats for the following events
Cycling
Road
Equestrian
Dressage
Fencing
Morocco has qualified 2 fencers.
Men
Football
Morocco men's football team qualified for the event by reaching the final of the 2011 CAF U-23 Championship.
Men's tournament
Team roster
Group play
Judo
Morocco has qualified 4 judokas.
Shooting
Women
Swimming
Moroccan swimmers have so far achieved qualifying standards in the following events (up to a maximum of 2 swimmers in each event at the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT), and potentially 1 at the Olympic Selection Time (OST)):
Women
Taekwondo
Morocco has qualified 3 athletes.
Wrestling
Morocco has qualified two quota places.
Key:
- Victory by Fall.
- Decision by Points - the loser with technical points.
- Decision by Points - the loser without technical points.
Men's Greco-Roman
References
External links
Category:Nations at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2012
Category:2012 in Moroccan sport
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Envision Schools
Envision Education is a charter school management organization, founded in June 2002 by Daniel McLaughlin and Bob Lenz, that currently runs five charter-based public high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area. The schools in the network are intended to reach minority and disadvantaged students who have not succeeded in traditional, large urban public high schools.
Investment
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation helped launch the school network with a $3 million investment in 2003 to form an initial group of five charter schools. In 2006, the foundation invested another $6.9 million aimed at helping the program duplicate its arts and technology programs.
Schools
Current
City Arts & Tech High School in San Francisco, opened in 2004 with an inaugural class of 100 freshmen. The school now has students in all four high school grades starting with the 2007-08 school year. CAT graduated its first class of Seniors in 2008.
Envision Academy of Arts & Technology in Oakland, California, opened in 2007-08 school year with students in grades 9 and 10.
Impact Academy of Arts & Technology in Hayward, California, opened for 2007-08 with 125 students in grade 9.
Defunct
Marin School of Arts and Technology (MSAT), Novato, California
Metropolitan Arts and Technology Highschool, San Francisco, California
Instructional model
Envision high schools are small and academically rigorous and use project-based learning, art and technology. This is predicated on studies that show that students in small high schools fare better academically than those in large ones. Envision's mission is to transform the lives of students - especially those who will be the first in their families to attend college - by preparing them for success in college and in life. Envision also focuses on a deeper learning approach, by which students can gain the 21st Century Skills of collaboration, critical thinking, project management, and analysis.
References
External links
Official site
City Arts & Tech High School
Envision Academy of Arts & Technology
Impact Academy of Arts & Technology
Category:High schools in San Francisco
Category:Educational institutions established in 2002
Category:Charter high schools in California
Category:Charter school organizations based in California
Category:2002 establishments in California
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Jim Sinclair (activist)
Jim Sinclair is an autism-rights movement activist who, with fellow autistics Kathy Lissner Grant and Donna Williams, formed Autism Network International (ANI) in 1992. Sinclair became the original coordinator of ANI.
Biography
Sinclair has said that they did not speak until age 12. Sinclair was raised as a girl, but describes having an intersex body and, in a 1997 introduction to the Intersex Society of North America, Sinclair wrote that they “remain openly and proudly neuter, both physically and socially.”
In 1998, Sinclair was a graduate student of rehabilitation counseling at Syracuse University in Syracuse, N.Y. They never found a job in the field despite their knowledge and qualifications, likely due to their radical stance on autism and neurodiversity.
Sinclair was the first person to "articulate the autism-rights position."
Views
Sinclair wrote the essay, “Don’t Mourn for Us,” with an anti-cure perspective on autism. The essay has been thought of by some to be a touchstone for the fledgling autism-rights movement, and has been mentioned in The New York Times and New York Magazine.
You didn’t lose a child to autism. You lost a child because the child you waited for never came into existence. That isn’t the fault of the autistic child who does exist, and it shouldn’t be our burden. We need and deserve families who can see us and value us for ourselves, not families whose vision of us is obscured by the ghosts of children who never lived. Grieve if you must, for your own lost dreams. But don’t mourn for us. We are alive. We are real.
—Jim Sinclair, “Don’t Mourn for Us,” Our Voice, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1993Sinclair also expresses their frustration with the double standard autistic people face, such as being told their persistence is "pathological" when neurotypical people are praised for their dedication to something important to them.
Sinclair is the first documented autistic person to reject People-first language.
Autreat
Sinclair established and ran Autreat, the first independent autistic-run gathering, for fifteen years after attending conferences that mainly included parents of autistic children and professionals. They and other autistic adults described these conferences as isolating and dehumanizing. Autreat explicitly prioritizes autistic needs, with programs like an "Ask a Neurotypical" panel.
See also
Autism Network International
References
External links
Website for Autreat and ANI
Interview
Archived Website of Jim Sinclair at Archive.org
Cultural Commentary: Being Autistic Together
Category:American health activists
Category:Autism activists
Category:Intersex non-binary people
Category:Living people
Category:People on the autism spectrum
Category:Syracuse University alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
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Stac Biorach
Stac Biorach (Scottish Gaelic: "the pointed stack") is a sea stack, 73 metres tall, situated between Hirta and Soay (in the "Sound of Soay") in the St Kilda archipelago of Scotland. It lies west of Stac Shoaigh (Soay Stac) (61 metres).
History
The stack has never been permanently inhabited, but has contributed considerably to the local economy by supplying the St Kildans with sea birds and their eggs. Rev. Neil MacKenzie, a Church of Scotland minister who resided on St Kilda from 1830 to 1844, observed the islanders collecting eggs from here in baskets like flat-bottomed bee hives, each basket holding about 400 eggs.
Like the other islands in the St Kilda archipelago, Stac Biorach is extraordinarily rich in birdlife, and boasts the highest colony of guillemots in the archipelago.
Recreational climbing on the stack seems to have started in the early 1880s. It appears that the first non-St Kildan to climb the stack was Richard Manliffe Barrington; he ascended Stac Biorach in 1890, calling it the most dangerous climb he ever undertook. Today climbing in all of the St Kilda archipelago is subject to the permission of the National Trust for Scotland (which rarely, if ever, grants it), The stack is quite difficult to climb, "one which only a few of the natives could lead."
See also
List of outlying islands of Scotland
References
Category:St Kilda, Scotland
Category:Landforms of the Outer Hebrides
Category:Stacks of Scotland
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Lacy Rose
Lacy Rose (born March 4, 1969 in Laguna Beach, California) is a former pornographic actress who appeared in over 150 films between 1992 and 1997.
Awards
1994 XRCO Award – Unsung Siren
1994 AVN Award – Best Group Sex Scene, Film – New Wave Hookers 3
1995 AVN Award – Best Group Sex Scene, Video – Pussyman 5
Partial filmography
Sorority Sex Kittens 1 (1992)
Between The Cheeks 3 (1993)
Bottom Dweller (1993)
Big Knockers 5 (1994)
More Dirty Debutantes 29 (1994)
Rear Ended Roommates (1997)
Cum In My Mouth, Not In My Ass (1998)
References
External links
Category:1969 births
Category:American pornographic film actresses
Category:Living people
Category:People from Laguna Beach, California
Category:Pornographic film actors from California
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Kansas City Public Library
The Kansas City Public Library is a public system headquartered in the Central Library in Kansas City, Missouri.
The system operates its Central Library and neighborhood branches located in Kansas City, Independence, and Sugar Creek. Founded on December 5, 1873, it is the oldest and third largest public library system in the metropolitan Kansas City area.
Its special collections, housed in the Central Library's Missouri Valley Room, has a collection of Kansas City local history, including original and published materials, news articles, post cards, photographs, maps, and city directories dating from the community's earliest history. The Library's Ramos Collection includes books, pamphlets, journal articles and other materials relating to African-American history and culture.
Branches
Central - 14 West 10th Street
L.H. Bluford - 3050 Prospect Avenue
North-East - 6000 Wilson Road
Plaza - 4801 Main Street
I.H. Ruiz - 2017 West Pennway Street
Southeast - 6242 Swope Parkway
Sugar Creek - 102 South Sterling Avenue - (Sugar Creek)
Trails West - 11401 East 23rd Street - (Independence)
Waldo - 201 East 75th Street
Westport - 118 Westport Road
Community Bookshelf
Built in 2004, The Community Bookshelf (also known as the Library District Parking Garage) is a striking feature of Kansas City's downtown. It runs along the south wall of the Central Library's parking garage on 10th Street between Wyandotte Street and Baltimore Avenue. The concept of turning the parking garage into a bookshelf was part of an effort on behalf of the community to bring character to the needed structure.
"The book spines, which measure approximately 25 feet by 9 feet, are made of signboard mylar that is laid over concrete panels and an aluminum substructure. The shelf showcases 22 titles reflecting a wide variety of reading interests as suggested by Kansas City readers and then selected by The Kansas City Public Library Board of Trustees."
The following books are depicted in the work:
Kansas City Stories Volumes 1 and 2
Catch-22 by Joseph Heller
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
O Pioneers! by Willa Cather
Cien Años de Soledad (One Hundred Years of Solitude) by Gabriel García Márquez
Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston
Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury
The Republic by Plato
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
Tao Te Ching by Lau Tsu
The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes by Langston Hughes
Black Elk Speaks by Black Elk, as told to John G. Neihardt
Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
Journals of the Expedition by Lewis and Clark
Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, And The Opening Of The American West by Stephen Ambrose
The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien
A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
Charlotte's Web by E.B. White
Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare
Truman by David G. McCullough
a volume of children's books with the following:
Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown;
Harold and the Purple Crayon by Crockett Johnson;
Winnie the Pooh by A. A. Milne;
Green Eggs and Ham by Dr. Seuss;
What a Wonderful World by George David Weiss and Bob Thiele;
Little House on the Prairie by Laura Ingalls Wilder;
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum;
M.C. Higgins, the Great by Virginia Hamilton
Outreach
The Kansas City Public Library has an open door policy when it comes to their patrons. Beginning in 2016, the Library's Americorps VISTAs and the Outreach team began a program called Coffee & Conversations for patrons in order to tackle the issue of homelessness within the community. During the meeting, the library provides information to patrons on the topic of homelessness and other social issues. They also invite open dialogue during this time. This program was modeled after a similar program from the Dallas Public Library.
Additionally, the Kansas City Public Library has a program to help immigrants. The Refugee and Immigrant Services & Empowerment (RISE) program helps immigrants by providing information on resources, which help them pursue citizenship.
From time to time, the Library hosts edit-a-thons on topics relevant to the Kansas City Area. Recent edit-a-thons have covered Kansas City Black History, Kansas City Jazz, and Kansas City Philanthropists.
Awards
The Kansas City Public Library has been the recipient of numerous awards and acknowledgements, including:
5-Star Rating from Library Journal in 2013, 2016 and 2018
2017 Paul Howard Award for Courage from the American Library Association
Excellence in Library Programming award from the American Library Association, 2014
2008 National Medal for Museum and Library Service
References
Further reading
A history of the Kansas City Public Library from 1873 to 1893. Prepared by order of the Board of Education, by J. M. Greenwood, December 1, 1892
Historical sketch of the Kansas City Public Library, 1911-1936. 1937
External links
Kansas City Public Library
Libraries.org | https://librarytechnology.org/library/1072
Category:Kansas City metropolitan area
Category:Education in Kansas City, Missouri
Category:Organizations based in Kansas City, Missouri
Category:Public libraries in Missouri
Category:Government of Kansas City, Missouri
Category:1873 establishments in Missouri
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Clerkenwell Road
Clerkenwell Road is a street in London.
It runs west-east from Gray's Inn Road in the west, to Goswell Road in the east. Its continuation at either end is Theobald's Road and Old Street respectively.
Clerkenwell Road and Theobalds Road were constructed by the Metropolitan Board of Works in 1874–78 as the central portion of an intended cross-capital arterial road, linking the West End and East End.
The road is served by London Bus routes 55, 243 and night route N55.
References
Category:Streets in London
Category:Farringdon, London
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Stuart Sankey
Stuart Sankey (December 31, 1927 – May 1, 2000) was a pedagogue of the double bass. His students included Gary Karr, the first bass player of the modern era to make a career as a solo artist, and Edgar Meyer. He taught for nearly 50 years at the Aspen Music School. He also held teaching positions at the University of Texas, Indiana University, and the University of Michigan. He made a large number of transcriptions for the double bass, increasing the literature for the instrument.
Sankey was born in Los Angeles, Calif., in 1927. He attended the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, and the Juilliard School of Music. His teachers included Frederick Zimmermann, Jean Morel and Henry Brant.
Sankey was appointed to the Juilliard faculty immediately upon completion of his master of music degree in 1953. His long and distinguished teaching career took him from there to the University of Texas School of Music in Austin, Texas (1969–80); the Indiana University School of Music in Bloomington, Ind. (1980–86); and the U-M beginning in 1986. Sankey began teaching at the Aspen Music Festival in 1951; plans to celebrate his 50th year of teaching there included a July 16 concert.
He also held guest teaching appointments at the Central Conservatory of Music in Beijing and the Toho Academy in Tokyo. His students include some of the world’s most distinguished solo bassists and the principal bassists in dozens of renowned orchestras, as well as bass teachers around the globe.
Sankey dedicated his musical career to expanding the repertoire of the double bass through exhaustive editions, arrangements and original compositions including more than 45 publications, many issued for the first time. He authored a dozen articles on double bass playing and technique that have been published in the United States and abroad. His original compositions include two major works for double bass and orchestra, chamber music, solo repertoire and the Variations for Orchestra.
In 1962–69, Sankey was the principal bassist for the American Symphony Orchestra under Leopold Stokowski. His orchestral performing encompassed every major ensemble in the country and abroad, including the orchestras of the Metropolitan Opera, the NBC Opera, the New York City Ballet, the New York Opera, the Royal Ballet, the Bolshoi Ballet, the Kirov Ballet, the Joffrey Ballet, the Symphony of the Air, the American Chamber Orchestra, the RCA Victor Orchestra, the CBS Symphony, the Hollywood Bowl Symphony, the Festival Casals, the Houston Symphony Orchestra, the San Antonio Symphony Orchestra, the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra, the Detroit Contemporary Chamber Ensemble and the Aspen Music Festival Orchestra.
He performed under every major conductor of the 20th century, including Serge Koussevitsky, Sir Thomas Beecham, Leonard Bernstein, Herbert Von Karajan, Zubin Mehta, Sir George Solti, Ernest Ansermet, Pablo Casals, Aaron Copland, Otto Klemperer, Michael Steinberg and Igor Stravinsky, with whom he recorded several works.
He performed chamber music with the Juilliard Quartet, the Cleveland Quartet, the Paganini String Quartet, the New Music String Quartet, the Lenox String Quartet and the Curtis Quartet. In Aspen, Sankey appeared with Itzhak Perlman, Pinchas Zukerman, Szymon Goldberg, William Primrose, Zara Nelsova, Rosina Lhevinne and Oscar Gighlia, among many other distinguished artists.
In 1990, Sankey was recognized with the Outstanding Teacher Award from the International Society of Bassists and the Award of Honor from the China Society of Bassists. His musical legacy will continue because of his unceasing dedication to his students and through his compositions and editions.
He is survived by his wife Li Ting and daughter Lili of Ann Arbor and Lake Worth, Fla.; daughter Laura of New York City; sister Rita Schlanger of Los Angeles; and brother Harold, of Del Mar, Calif.
References
Category:1927 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:American double-bassists
Category:Male double-bassists
Category:20th-century American educators
Category:Aspen Music Festival and School faculty
Category:University of Michigan faculty
Category:20th-century American musicians
Category:20th-century double-bassists
Category:20th-century American male musicians
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Love & Sex, Pt. 2
"Love & Sex, Pt. 2" is a song by American recording artist Joe, featuring guest vocals from singer Kelly Rowland. Originally recorded by Joe and fellow R&B singer Fantasia Barrino for his tenth album Doubleback: Evolution of R&B (2013), a re-arranged version of the song, featuring a new instrumentation and vocals by Rowland, was included on Joe's follow-up album Bridges (2014). Written by Alvin Garrett, Gerald Isaac, and Derek "D.O.A." Allen, with production helmed by the latter, it was released as the lead single from the Bridges album. It reached the top five on the US Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart.
Music video
A music video to accompany the release of "Love & Sex, Pt. 2" was directed by Billie Woodruff.
Track listing
Charts
Release history
References
Category:2014 singles
Category:Kelly Rowland songs
Category:2014 songs
Category:Joe (singer) songs
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Saint-Felix, Torbeck, Haiti
Saint-Felix is a village in the Torbeck commune of the Les Cayes Arrondissement, in the Sud department of Haiti.
References
Category:Populated places in Haiti
Category:Sud (department)
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Red Rush
Disambiguation: For the Yogurt flavour see Extreme Red Rush.
Wresley "Red" Rush II (July 2, 1927 – January 11, 2009) was an American sportscaster.
A native of Long Beach, California, Rush (nicknamed for his shock of red hair) attended the University of Southern California where he developed his interest in broadcasting. Rush did play-by-play for several Major League Baseball teams, including the Kansas City A's (1965), Chicago White Sox (1967–70), Oakland A's (1971, 1979–80), and St. Louis Cardinals (1984). With the White Sox, and with the 1971 A's, Rush worked with Hall of Fame voice Bob Elson, providing raw enthusiasm and excitement to the broadcast in contrast to the more laconic Elson. It is said that A's owner Charlie Finley hired and fired Rush three times. From the '60s to the late '80s Rush was the voice of the Loyola University Ramblers men's college basketball team, and made the famous call of their 1963 NCAA National Championship ("WE WIN! WE WIN!"). He also called games for Northwestern University football, DePaul University basketball, and the Minneapolis Lakers and Golden State Warriors of the NBA.
External links
Chicago Tribune Obituary
Category:1927 births
Category:2009 deaths
Category:American naval personnel of World War II
Category:American radio sports announcers
Category:Chicago White Sox broadcasters
Category:College basketball announcers in the United States
Category:College football announcers
Category:Golden State Warriors broadcasters
Category:Kansas City Athletics broadcasters
Category:Major League Baseball broadcasters
Category:Minneapolis Lakers broadcasters
Category:National Basketball Association broadcasters
Category:Oakland Athletics broadcasters
Category:Radio personalities from Chicago
Category:People from Long Beach, California
Category:St. Louis Cardinals broadcasters
Category:DePaul University people
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Roman du terroir
The roman du terroir (rural novel) was strongly present in French Quebec literature from 1846 to 1945. It had as its goal the celebration of rural life during a period of rapid industrialization. The clergy and the state encouraged this type of literature; in fact, the moral conservatism of the roman du terroir "contrasts starkly" with the trends in the literature of France at the time. The Québécois establishment were hoping that support for this type of novel would strengthen Québécois morality, and perhaps halt an exodus of French Québécois from rural farming areas to Montreal and the textile factories of New England.
Values
The moral mission of the romans du terroir was set out by Abbé Casgrain, a member of the École patriotique (fr). The novels emphasized four prominent values:
the rural homestead (agriculture),
the family,
the language, and
religion.
The novels idealized a bond with the homestead and farm life. The healthier "natural" life of the farm was contrasted with the "decadence" of the city. Above all, this type of novel revolved around continuity, traditions, and the passing down of values. Patrice Lacombe's (fr) The Paternal Farm (1846) is considered the first of this type of novel. The most popular example is Maria Chapdelaine by Louis Hémon, which was widely translated and became well-known across Canada during the early 20th century. Trente arpents (1938) by Ringuet is another notable example.
The roman du terroir more or less disappeared during the 1940s, when novels about urban life became widely read, such as those by Gabrielle Roy and André Langevin (fr); Germaine Guèvremont is generally considered to be the last influential writer of romans du terroir during this period of transition.
Anti-terroir
Traces of the influence of the roman du terroir can be found in Québécois literature and culture today, sometimes nostalgic.
At the same time, many novels are written in reaction against the roman du terroir style, maintaining the rural setting but exposing the sordid side of life in the countryside that was often culturally and economically impoverished.
Among the "anti-terroirs" are Un Homme et son péché by Claude-Henri Grignon, La Scouine by Albert Laberge (fr) and Une saison dans la vie d'Emmanuel by Marie-Claire Blais. The novel Marie Calumet (fr), by Rodolphe Girard (fr), while sometimes being considered a typical example of the roman du terroir, also possesses some characteristics of the "anti-terroir". In effect, Girard lightly mocks the clergy in the novel.
See also
Mon oncle Antoine, coming of age in rural Quebec
References
Category:French-language literature in Canada
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Sericanthe
Sericanthe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.
Species include:
Sericanthe adamii
Sericanthe andongensis
Sericanthe auriculata
Sericanthe burundensis
Sericanthe chevalieri
Sericanthe halleana
Sericanthe jacfelicis
Sericanthe leonardii
Sericanthe odoratissima
Sericanthe pellegrinii
Sericanthe petitii
Sericanthe raynaliorum
Sericanthe roseoides
Sericanthe suffruticosa
Sericanthe testui
Sericanthe toupetou
References
Category:Rubiaceae genera
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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Zotalemimon biapicatum
Zotalemimon biapicatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1940.
References
Category:Lamiinae
Category:Beetles described in 1940
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Zurak
Zurak (, also Romanized as Zūrak and Zoorak; also known as Zang and Zonk) is a village in Dalfard Rural District, Sarduiyeh District, Jiroft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 48, in 6 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Jiroft County
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Wilhelm Meyn
__NOTOC__
Wilhelm Meyn (3 June 1923 – 4 May 2002) was a general in the German Air Force. During World War II, he served in the Luftwaffe and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. In 1956 he joined the Bundeswehr of West Germany and rose to the rank of general, retiring in 1979.
Awards and decorations
German Cross in Gold on 28 January 1944 as Leutnant in the III./Sturzkampfgeschwader 3
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 October 1944 as Leutnant and Staffelführer of the 9./Schlachtgeschwader 3
References
Citations
Bibliography
Category:1923 births
Category:2002 deaths
Category:People from Hamburg
Category:Luftwaffe pilots
Category:Bundeswehr generals
Category:German World War II pilots
Category:Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Category:German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United Kingdom
Category:Major generals of the German Air Force
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Dudua charadraea
Dudua charadraea is a moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1909. It is found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, western Java and western Sumatra.
References
Category:Moths described in 1909
Category:Olethreutini
Category:Moths of Japan
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Loison-sur-Créquoise
Loison-sur-Créquoise is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.
Geography
Loison-sur-Créquoise is situated 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer on the D130 road and in the Créquoise river valley.
Population
Places of interest
The nineteenth century church of Saint Omer
See also
Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department
References
INSEE commune file
External links
Loison-sur-Créquoise on the Quid website
Loisonsurcrequoise
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Bni Salah
Bni Salah (بني صالح) is a small town and rural commune in Chefchaouen Province, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9662 people living in 1384 households.
References
Category:Populated places in Chefchaouen Province
Category:Rural communes of Morocco
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Cheryl Glenn
Cheryl Diane Glenn (born May 27, 1951) is an American politician. She was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Maryland's 45th legislative district which is situated in northeast Baltimore. She resigned in December 2019 in advance of a federal indictment for wire fraud and bribery to which she pleaded guilty in January 2020.
Background
Glenn was born in Baltimore, Maryland and attended the public primary and secondary schools there. She graduated from Western High School in 1969, the Community College of Baltimore County (paralegal studies) and the George Meany Institute (labor relations). She became the Political Director of and lobbyist for the Mid-Atlantic Regional Council of Carpenters, (2004- ) after serving as President of the City Union of Baltimore, 1988-96. She was married to Benjamin Glen, who has since passed away, and has five children and eight grandchildren. Glenn is also raising her granddaughter, Taylor Bishop.
Legislative career
After a long career in the labor movement, Glenn was elected to the Maryland General Assembly. Glenn was among three people elected to represent the 45th district located in east Baltimore. Although it was her first run for a state office, she finished ahead of both the incumbents in that district in the general election.
Glenn has been a member of House of Delegates since January 10, 2007. She initially served on the Environmental Matters Committee and several of its subcommittees and work groups: ground rent work group (2007); housing & real property subcommittee, 2007-2104; local government & bi-county subcommittee, 2007-2014; motor vehicle & transportation subcommittee, 2007-2104. At the beginning of the 2014 session of the Maryland General Assembly Glenn was reassigned to the Economic Matters Committee. She is chair of the Baltimore City Delegation and a member of its Fiscal Subcommittee, a member of the Women Legislators of Maryland and former chair of the Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland.
Legislative notes
Co-sponsored HB 860 (Baltimore City Public Schools Construction and Revitalization Act of 2013). Signed by the Governor on May 16, 2013, the new law approved 1.1 billion dollars to construct new schools in Baltimore City.
voted for the Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 (HB359)
voted in favor of the Tax Reform Act of 2007 (HB2)
voted in favor of in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007 (HB6)
voted in favor of slots (HB4) in the 2007 Special session
Primary Sponsor Employee Misclassification Act of 2008 (HB 70)
co-sponsored the Work Place Fraud Act of 2009 (HB819)
General election results, 2006
2006 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 45th District
Voters to choose three:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Cheryl Glenn, Democratic
|16,911
| 32.6%
| Won
|-
|-
|Hattie N. Harrison, Democratic
|16,804
| 31.0%
| Won
|-
|-
|Talmadge Branch, Democratic
|16,014
| 30.9%
| Won
|-
|-
|Ronald M. Owens-Bey, Populist
|2,727
| 5.3%
| Lost
|-
|Other write-ins
|111
| .2%
| Lost
|-
|}
Wire fraud and bribery
In December 2019, U.S. Attorney Robert K. Hur said Glenn accepted $33,750 in bribes. According to the Baltimore Business Journal, "In charging documents, federal prosecutors allege that from at least March 2, 2018 through Feb. 11, 2019, Glenn 'defrauded the citizens of Maryland' by soliciting and accepting monetary bribes to affect, advocate for and vote on certain bills relating to opioid treatment clinics, liquor licenses and the expansion of the state's medical marijuana industry." Glenn pleaded guilty on January 22, 2020 and faces sentencing by Judge Catherine C. Blake on May 8, 2020 for up to 25 years in prison.
References
Category:Members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Category:African-American state legislators in Maryland
Category:African-American women in politics
Category:Politicians from Baltimore
Category:Women state legislators in Maryland
Category:Maryland Democrats
Category:1951 births
Category:Living people
Category:Community College of Baltimore County alumni
Category:21st-century American politicians
Category:21st-century American women politicians
Category:Maryland politicians convicted of crimes
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Sayan, Bali
Sayan is a village about 5 km (3 mi) west of the town of Ubud, in Bali, Indonesia. It sits on a ridge along the Ayung River.
A photograph of a typical sayan house compound of the past is found in Wijaya's architectural history of Bali
References
Category:Populated places in Bali
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Ackner
Ackner is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Johann Michael Ackner (1782–1862), Transylvanian archaeologist and nature researcher
Desmond Ackner, Baron Ackner (1920–2006), British judge and Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
Category:German-language surnames
Category:Jewish surnames
de:Ackner
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Sandra Jordan
Sandra Jordan is an Irish television journalist, best known for her investigative visits to many conflict zones around the world for the Channel 4 series Dispatches and Unreported World.
She attended Sacred Heart Secondary School in Westport, County Mayo and in 1987 went on to National University of Ireland, Galway for a degree in English. Temping in journalism led her to the foreign news desk at The Observer in London, where she was promoted to Assistant Editor. However, the desk job did not suit her, and she moved into television, making documentaries in Latin America for Channel 4.
In March 2003, Jordan was in the Gaza Strip reporting on the Israeli withdrawal from Gaza. She reported on Israeli violence against Palestinians, and interviewed local people and protesters from the International Solidarity Movement within two days of the death of American activist Rachel Corrie. She also covered the killings of British activist Tom Hurndall and filmmaker James Miller. The resulting documentary was aired in June 2003 on Dispatches titled "The Killing Zone".
As well as repeat visits to Gaza, the West Bank, Sri Lanka and Nepal between 2001 and 2007, she reported from Indian Kashmir, Thailand, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Peru, El Salvador, Mexico, Haiti and the Paris riots of 2005. Jordan and her team repeatedly risked being caught in crossfire and other dangers.
In 2008 she married and returned to Ireland.
In 2011 she completed work on her own documentary feature, Little Matador, co-directed with Gabriel Range. The film follows the training of child bullfighters in Mexico.
See also
Jordan de Exeter, founder of the Jordan family in Mayo
References
External links
Sandra Jordan Mayo
Sandra Jordan profile page, list of reports for The Guardian
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:People from County Mayo
Category:Irish television journalists
Category:21st-century Irish journalists
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Darkesville, West Virginia
Darkesville is an unincorporated community in Berkeley County, West Virginia, United States. Established in 1791, Darkesville has been nationally recognized as a historic district.
A post office and school (now closed) once operated in Darkesville.
Geography
Darkesville lies between Inwood and Martinsburg along U.S. Route 11. The community's elevation is 531 feet (162 m), and it is located at about (39.3738500, -78.0248602).
Middle Creek flows through the center of Darkesville.
Name
Established by an act of the Virginia General Assembly on December 7, 1791 on the property of James Buckells, Darkesville is named for William Darke, a Virginia military officer who had his headquarters in the community. Historically, Darkesville has been known by various names and a wide variety of spellings. An 1895 atlas showed the community as "Buckletown", and later variants included "Buckellstown", "Buckels Town", "Buckelstown", "Buckle Town" and "Bucklestown", all referring to the entrepreneurial James Buckles (1732-1796) who contributed land and laid out the town in 1790. "James Town" and "Locke" have also been applied to the community. Its current name has also been spelled "Darkes" and "Darkville".
Historic district
In 1980, the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. Darkesville was recognized for its historic architecture, which includes approximately twenty-five buildings constructed as log cabins in 1810 or earlier.
References
Category:Populated places established in 1791
Category:Unincorporated communities in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Category:Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Category:Federal architecture in West Virginia
Category:Greek Revival architecture in West Virginia
Category:Gothic Revival architecture in West Virginia
Category:Historic districts in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Category:Houses in Berkeley County, West Virginia
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
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Jelenče
Jelenče () is a small settlement in the Municipality of Pesnica in northeastern Slovenia. It lies in the western part of the Slovene Hills (). Traditionally the area was part of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
References
External links
Jelenče at Geopedia
Category:Populated places in the Municipality of Pesnica
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Industry of Croatia
Industry of Croatia plays an important role in the country's economy. It has a longstanding tradition based since the 19th century on agriculture, forestry and mining. Many industrial branches developed at that time, like wood industry, food manufacturing, potash production, shipbuilding, leather and footwear production, textile industry, and others. Today, the industrial sectors in Croatia are food and beverage industry (approx. 24% of total manufacturing industry revenue), metal processing and machine industry, including vehicles (20%), coke and refined petroleum production (17%), chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and plastics industry (11%), wood, furniture and paper manufacturing (9%), electrical equipment, electronics and optics fabrication (9%), textile, clothing and footwear industry (5%) as well as construction and building materials production (5%).
In the structure of Croatian Gross domestic product (GDP) in 2015, industry's share was 21.2%. Industry's export reached around 10 billion euros in 2015, representing 94.5% of total export. In the same year the industrial production growth rate was 2.7%.
Overview
Industrial production in Croatia has a most important place in total production. It includes machinery, tools, various fabricated metal products, ships and boats, mineral oils and distillates, timber products, furniture and bed equipment, military hardware, clothing and footwear with accessories, cement, bricks and other building materials, etc. There is also a notable production in energy sector, mining and water supply.
During the process of transition (in the 1990s and later) many companies were closed down, or were damaged during the Croatian War of Independence. It happened mostly to firms of timber, metal and textile branches. Some industries, however, recovered and achieved later remarkable results. Significant production level has been reached in the construction and energy-related activities as well. A great number of companies has been very active in foreign trade.
Following the global financial crisis of 2007–2008, Croatian industry suffered the consequences seen in the decline of production output, revenue growth at a slower pace and unemployment rate increasing. The share of industry in the whole economy sank from year to year; in 2010, for instance, industry accounted for 28.1% of activity. Negative trends were changed not earlier than in 2014, as the industrial production achieved a small rate of growth of 1.3% in comparison with the year before.
The annual growth rate of industry production in 2015 rose by 2.7%, and it is expected to be even higher in 2016. The fastest growth of production in 2015 was recorded by paper production sector (40.8% in comparison with 2008), leather products (35.8%) and rubber and plastics (29.2%). At the same time, some industrial branches generated decline of production.
The share of labour force in industry in 2015 was 18.5% of overall employment in Croatia, showing at the same time trends with negative lines.
The biggest industrial centres in the Republic of Croatia are Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Osijek and Varaždin. The share of industrial production output of Croatian counties ranges from over 20% in the City of Zagreb (followed by approx. 12% in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, 7% in Zagreb County and 6% in Varaždin County) to only 0.3% in Lika-Senj County.
Croatian industry's share of 21.2% of the country's 2015 GDP makes it the second largest sector of the economy after services. Its expected growth is based on larger consumption and foreign investments. Some of the significant investment projects into the energy and environmental protection sector have already been finalized lately.
In 2016 ACG Worldwide became the first Indian pharmaceutical company to operate in Croatia.
Gallery
See also
Economy of the European Union
Economy of Croatia
Industry of Romania
Industry of Bulgaria
Industry in Finland
Automotive industry in Croatia
References
External links
Industry – important branch of Croatian economy
Croatia industries
Industrial sectors attractive for investors
Industrial policy in Croatia
Results of a 2015 Faculty of Economy in Zagreb research on production in Croatia (Croatian)
Industry production in Croatia
Official export figures
GDP Statistical industrial production in 2015
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Anne Emery (young adult author)
Anne Emery was the author of popular teen romance novels from 1946 to 1980.
Personal life
Anne Emery, née Anne Eleanor McGuigan, was born Sep 1, 1907 in Fargo, North Dakota. She was raised in Evanston, Illinois, attended Northwestern University, and then taught school in Evanston. She married John Douglas Emery in 1933. They had four daughters and one son. Emery died July 4, 1987, in Menlo Park, California.
Writing career
In 1941, Emery began writing short stories. Her first sale was a 500-word story for $1.25. Her first novel, Tradition, explored the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II through the eyes of a white protagonist. Emery went on to write dozens of what were sometimes known as "malt shop novels".
In multiple books, Emery addressed the fashion of going steady by exposing the potential negatives of the trend. In Going Steady, she illustrates this through a couple who married too young, the wife pregnant and the husband trapped in a menial job.
Although many of Emery's novels fit the formulaic stereotype of teen romance, the set of novels featuring Dinny Gordon, a high-school student with a passion for archeology, focuses on the growth and development of the title character rather than the machinations of finding a boyfriend. In writing the Dinny Gordon books, Emery is described as a "transitional author", bridging the domestic patterns of the 1950s and the more female career-oriented 1960s. Joyce Litton characterizes the themes of independence, nontraditional career choices, and Dinny's refusal to be obsessed with her appearance as a "harbinger of later feminist critiques". The character Dinny Gordon was unusual at the time in teen fiction for her intellectual passion; for instance, she worked at part-time jobs to save money for a trip to Pompeii rather than for clothes and make-up.
In Free Not to Love, Emery addresses teen-age sex and, rather than showing heavy-handed consequences, has her protagonist reach the conclusion that sex is not a solution to loneliness.
In addition to over 30 teen romance novels, Emery wrote seven historical novels for children. Several of her books were translated into Japanese, one into German, and several were combined into an Italian compilation.
Her manuscripts and correspondence are preserved at the University of Oregon Library (Eugene). In the 2000s, her books were reissued by Image Cascade Publishing.
Reception
Reviewers for the New York Times generally praised Emery's books. Of Mountain Laurel: "An uncommonly good novel for older girls" and "the background, good as it is, never obscures the humanity of the characters". E. L. B., reviewing Sorority Girl, praised Emery for "her usual acute understanding of present-day teen-ager problems". Gerald Raftery declared that her historical novel, A Spy in Old Detroit, was "soundly researched, the story follows the facts faithfully". Phyllis Whitney praised Senior Year for "sound values presented in a way that makes its points without preaching" and added "particularly praiseworthy is the way Anne Emery has handled the matter of drinking among young people." An exception was That Archer Girl, about which the reviewer said that the title character "might well be a good subject for a psychiatric case study, she is too humorless to be an appealing villainess".
Jill Anderson writes that "Emery consistently used the formulaic nature of the junior novel, with its emphasis on personal growth and adjustment, to explore more challenging ethical issues, from cheating to urban and Appalachian poverty to anti-Semitism and prejudice against Nisei internees."
As contrasted to fellow teen romance authors such as Rosamond du Jardin, critics felt Emery's books presented a more realistic presentation of teen love.
While not every novel was favorably received, Richard Alm labeled Emery "a novelist of considerable merit" and described her books as "well-told stories about credible adolescents".
Publication history
References
External links
Category:20th-century American novelists
Category:American women novelists
Category:American writers of young adult literature
Category:American romantic fiction novelists
Category:1907 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category:20th-century American women writers
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Walter H. Mueller
Walter H. Mueller Jr. (c. 1925 - February 8, 2011) was an American Republican politician who served in the Missouri Senate from 1991 until 2000 and the Missouri House of Representatives from 1973 until 1990. He was elected to the Missouri Senate by winning a special election in 1990.
Born in Springfield, Illinois, he moved to Wichita, Kansas, when he was young, where he attended Wichita High School East, Wichita State University, and the University of Kansas where he graduated with a bachelor's of science degree in marketing and business administration. He previously served in the U.S. Air Force.
Mueller had worked as a real estate agent and appraiser. He tried unsuccessfully to get the legislature to pursue a constitutional amendment for a site value tax, which would have based property taxes on the value of the land, not the buildings, feeling that it was unfair to penalize people for developing their land.
References
Category:2011 deaths
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:Members of the Missouri House of Representatives
Category:Missouri Republicans
Category:Missouri state senators
Category:Year of birth uncertain
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List of 2008 UCI Professional Continental and Continental teams
Listed below are the UCI Professional Continental and Continental Teams that compete in road bicycle racing events of the UCI Continental Circuits organised by the International Cycling Union (UCI). The UCI Continental Circuits are divided in 5 continental zones, the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and Oceania.
__TOC__
UCI professional continental teams
According to the UCI Rulebook, "a professional continental team is an organisation created to take part in road events open to professional continental teams. It is known by a unique name and registered with the UCI in accordance with the provisions below.
The professional continental team comprises all the riders registered with the UCI as members of the team, the paying agent, the sponsors and all other persons contracted by the paying agent and/or the sponsors to provide for the continuing operation of the team (manager, team manager, coach, paramedical assistant, mechanic, etc.).
Each professional continental team must employ at least 14 riders, 2 team managers and 3 other staff (paramedical assistants, mechanics, etc.) on a full time basis for the whole registration year."
List of current UCI Africa Tour professional teams
List of 2008 UCI America Tour professional teams
As of 29 January 2008.
List of 2008 UCI Asia Tour professional teams
List of 2008 UCI Europe Tour professional teams
As of 27 January 2008
List of 2008 UCI Oceania Tour professional teams
As of 29 January 2008
UCI Continental Teams
According to the UCI Rulebook, "a UCI continental team is a team of road riders recognised and licensed to take part in events on the continental calendars by the national federation of the nationality of the majority of its riders and registered
with the UCI. The precise structure (legal and financial status, registration, guarantees, standard contract, etc.) of these teams shall be determined by the regulations of the national federation."
Riders may be professional or amateur.
List of 2008 UCI Africa Tour teams
List of 2008 UCI America Tour teams
Updated for 2008
List of 2008 UCI Asia Tour teams
Updated for 2007
List of 2008 UCI Europe Tour teams
List of 2008 UCI Oceania Tour teams
References
Category:2008 in road cycling
2008
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Viscount Somerset
Viscount Somerset, of Cashell in the County of Tipperary, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1626 for Sir Thomas Somerset, the second son of Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester, and the brother of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester. The title became extinct on his death in 1649.
Viscounts Somerset (1626)
Thomas Somerset, 1st Viscount Somerset (1579–1649)
See also
Duke of Beaufort
References
Category:Extinct viscountcies in the Peerage of Ireland
*
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Rab Nawaz
Rab Nawaz (born 17 October 1940) is a former Pakistani cricketer and umpire. He stood in two ODI games between 1982 and 1984.
See also
List of One Day International cricket umpires
References
Category:1940 births
Category:Living people
Category:Pakistani One Day International cricket umpires
Category:Cricketers from Lahore
Category:Pakistani cricketers
Category:Pakistan Railways cricketers
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Nikola Geshev
Nikola Hristov Geshev () (13 April 1896 – 1984 probably) was a famous Bulgarian policeman between the two World Wars. A native of Sofia, Geshev had fought in the First World War. As a youngster he became interested in Marxism for a short time. After the end of the war he traveled to Fascist Italy where he was impressed by Benito Mussolini and the fascist state. When he returned to Bulgaria he started to work in the Police. He reached his peak in the end of the 1930s, when he became commander of second department of the Bulgarian Secret Police. He was known as a "super policeman" and was a strong enemy of the Bulgarian Communist Party. In 1942 Geshev succeed to break the Central committee of the Communist Party. Furthermore, he introduced his own agents inside the Bulgarian Communist Party. Some sources prove that even the communist leader of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov was an agent of Geshev. The same goes for many other communist politicians. After the Soviets took over Bulgaria, Geshev's destiny is unknown. There are many theories, but the most common of them say that either he was killed near Plovdiv by partisans or he fled to Turkey and then to West Germany. Less common versions of his destiny made him working for the CIA or for the KGB. During the Cold War some of the communist leaders of Bulgaria were afraid that if Geshev become an agent of the KGB he could show his records.
Some Bulgarian writers have written that Geshev lived until 1984 in a Rancio near Munich, West Germany.
Category:1896 births
Category:Bulgarian anti-communists
Category:Bulgarian police officers
Category:1980s deaths
Category:Year of death unknown
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Hiriq
Hiriq ( ) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by a single dot underneath the letter. In Modern Hebrew, it indicates the phoneme which is similar to the "ee" sound in the English word deep and is transliterated with "i". In Yiddish, it indicates the phoneme which is the same as the "i" sound in the English word skip and is transliterated with "i".
Spelling
When writing with niqqud, the letter yud is often written after the letter that carries the Hiriq sign. This is called ( ), meaning "full" (or "plene") hiriq. In writing without niqqud, the letter yud is added more often as a mater lectionis, than in writing with niqqud, The main exception is the i vowel in a syllable that ends with shva naḥ. For example the words סִדְרָה (series) and סִדְּרָה (she organized) are pronounced identically in modern Hebrew, but in spelling without niqqud סִדְרָה is written סדרה because there is a shva naḥ on the letter ד, and סִדְּרָה is written סידרה.
In Yiddish orthography the is placed under the yud .
Pronunciation
The following table contains the pronunciation and transliteration of the different Hiriqs in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. The pronunciation in IPA is above and the transliteration is below.
The letter Bet () used in this table is only for demonstration. Any letter can be used.
Vowel length comparison
These vowels lengths are not manifested in Modern Hebrew. In addition, the short i is usually promoted to a long i in Israeli writing for the sake of disambiguation.
Note: In Yiddish orthography only, the glyph, (), pronounced , can be optionally used, rather than typing then (). In Hebrew spelling this would be pronounced . is written then ().
Computer encoding
See also
Niqqud
Unicode and HTML for the Hebrew alphabet
Category:Niqqud
Category:Hebrew alphabet
Category:Hebrew diacritics
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Joseph Natoli
Joseph Phillip Natoli (born 1943) is an American academic. He has written on postmodernism, and from 1991 until 2009 was editor of the Postmodern Culture series published by the State University of New York Press. He is a member of the Truthout Public Intellectual Project, founded by Henry Giroux, and is on the editorial team of Bad Subjects.
Publications
Natoli has written several books, and since 2010 has published in online journals.
Twentieth Century Blake Criticism; Garland, Routledge, (1982, 2017).
Psychocriticism: An Annotated Bibliography; Greenwood Press, (1984).
Psychological Perspectives on Literature: Freudian Dissidents and Non-Freudians: a Casebook; editor, Archon, (1984).
Tracing Literary Theory; University of Illinois Press, (1987).
Literary Theory's Future(s); editor, University of Illinois Press, (1989).
Mots d'ordre; SUNY, (1992).
A Postmodern Reader; ed. with Linda Hutcheon, SUNY, (1993). Trans. into Chinese.
A Primer To Postmodernity; Blackwell, (1997). Trans. into Chinese and Turkish
Postmodernism: The Key Figures; ed. with Hans Bertens, Blackwell, (2002). Trans. into Japanese and Czech
Occupying Here & Now; Nordgaard Press (2012).
Travels Of A New Gulliver; (2013).
Dark Affinities, Dark Imaginaries: A Mind's Odyssey; SUNY, (2017).
Film and American Culture Series
Hauntings: Popular Film and American Culture 1990–1992; SUNY, (1994).
Speeding to the Millennium: Film and Culture 1993–1995; SUNY, (1998).
Postmodern Journeys: Film and Culture 1996–1998; SUNY, (2001).
Memory's Orbit: Film and Culture 1999–2000; SUNY, (2003).
This Is a Picture and Not the World: Movies and a Post-9/11 America; SUNY, (2007).
References
Further reading
Hoppenstand, Gary. "Editorial: The Way of Knowing." The Journal of Popular Culture, vol. 39, no. 3, 2006.
"Conversations with Scholars of American Popular Culture: Featured Guest: Joesph Natoli." Americana:The Journal of American Popular Culture 1900 to Present, 2007.
Mohsen, Abdelmoumen. "Pr. Joseph Natoli: "We need to kill the human"." American Herald Tribute, May 2016.
Category:1943 births
Category:Living people
Category:American male writers
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Weis Manufacturing Company building
The Weis Manufacturing Company, currently known as WoodCraft Square, is a former factory located at 800 West 7th Street (at the intersection with Union and originally the building used an address of 61 Union) in the city of Monroe in Monroe County, Michigan. It was listed as a Michigan Historic Site and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 26, 1981.
Early history
The factory complex was constructed between 1905–1912 for Weis Binder Company, originally from Toledo, Ohio. It was built along with many other new industries during Monroe's sudden economic growth at the turn of the twentieth century. The original section of the plant was completed in 1905, and the factory began producing file folders, cardboard binders and index cards in early 1906, with a staff of 60 people. A few years later, the company began constructing wooden bookcases and other office furniture. The company made an addition in 1909, doubling the floor space. Business boomed, and a few years later another addition was constructed.
When completed in 1912, the complex consisted of three main buildings for a total of 120,000 ft² (11,150 m²) and employed 300 people. From 1912–1964, the company produced paper and office equipment. In 1964, the complex was purchased by Floral City Furniture Company, a subsidiary of La-Z-Boy, which was based in Monroe. A few years later, the Weis complex was renamed the La-Z-Boy Chair Company. In 1978, the facility was completely vacated when the main La-Z-Boy headquarters on North Telegraph Road expanded to include their own manufacturing complex.
WoodCraft Square
The city of Monroe purchased the unused complex from La-Z-Boy for only $1 in 1980, where it continued to remain abandoned and boarded up for several more years. The city converted much of the main building into a low-income senior citizens residence, although the outside of the structure has remained unchanged since it was originally built. The complex's name was changed to WoodCraft Square and currently has 208 renovated units.
Description
The Weis Manufacturing Company complex contains five brick structures. Three of which are combined into a single building located along Union Street; the other two structures are separate buildings located behind the Union Street section. The three buildings along Union Street are of nearly identical construction, but have varying heights, making them distinguishable from one another.
The northernmost portion of the Union Street building was constructed in 1905/06, and is a two-story, flat-roofed, 30-bay structure with segmentally-arched
four-over-four light windows and a corbelled brick cornice. The central portion of the Union Street building, built in 1909, is similar, but sits on a high basement, lifting it above grade. The southernmost portion of the Union Street building, built in 1917, is a fourteen-bay extension of the central wing, and reflects the same design elements, but stands three stories high. However, the elevations of this portion not facing Union Street are dissimilar to the front elevation, and have wide bays of almost floor to ceiling windows separated with brick piers.
The larger of the two structures behind is a three-story, brick, flat-roofed, trapezoidal structure built in 1911. It displays similar design elements to the Union Street buildings. The smaller structure is a former boiler house, and is a single-story rectangular brick building with a gable roof.
References
External links
Woodcraft Square apartments
Category:Monroe, Michigan
Category:Buildings and structures in Michigan
Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1905
Category:Defunct companies based in Michigan
Category:Michigan State Historic Sites
Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Monroe County, Michigan
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Yusuf Gowon
Yusuf Gowon (born as Yusuf Mogi in 1936) is an Ugandan retired military officer who served as chief of staff for the Uganda Army during the dictatorship of Idi Amin. Originally a farmer, Gowon quickly rose in the ranks of the military due to a combination of politics and happenstance. Compared with other high-ranking officials of Amin's regime, he was regarded as humane; nevertheless, he was probably involved in some political murders. His appointment as chief of staff was mostly owed to the fact that he was regarded by President Amin as loyal, not ambitious, and of no threat to his own rule. Gowon's lack of talent for tactics and strategy came to the fore when the Uganda–Tanzania War broke out in 1978, and his leadership of the Uganda Army during this conflict was extensively criticised. Many of his comrades and subordinates even blamed him for Uganda's defeat in the conflict with Tanzania. When Amin's regime began collapsing in 1979 and his own soldiers intended to murder him, Gowon fled Uganda.
He subsequently settled in Zaire where he worked as businessman. Unlike many of his former comrades, Gowon did not join any insurgent group during his exile. When the new Ugandan government of Yoweri Museveni offered him to return to his home country in 1994, he accepted and founded a nonprofit organization to help ex-combatants to find civilian jobs. He also became head of a veterans association. In 2001, Gowon was arrested and tried for the suspected involvement in the murder of Eliphaz Laki during Amin's rule. The trial generated much publicity and was controversial, as some regarded it as important chance to finally address the crimes of Amin's dictatorship, while others claimed that it was politically motivated. Gowon denied any involvement in Laki's murder, and was acquitted due to missing evidence in 2003.
Biography
Early life
Gowon was born as Yusuf Mogi in Ladonga, a village in the West Nile Province of the British Uganda Protectorate in 1936. Though his family was not wealthy, his father was a Muslim Kakwa clan chieftain and owned some farmland. Yusuf would help out on his family's farm by looking after its goats and cows until he was old enough to go to school. His father could only afford to send one of his children to the primary school in the provincial capital of Arua; he chose Yusuf. Arua served as center for the British colonial troops, the King's African Rifles, and many of Yusuf's classmates adored the military. He was an exception in this regard, and showed no interest in military matters at all. Instead, he was regarded as sociable prankster who would entertain others with jokes and songs. Yusuf was known for dressing fashionably, thereby earning the nickname "Goan". This was a reference to the city of Goa in India, as the region's best tailors were Indians. Having taken a great liking for the nickname, he eventually adopted it with slight changes as his official last name.
The West Nile Province was a poor country, and offered few occupation opportunities for young men. As result, most of Gowon's friends joined the King's African Rifles when they finished primary school. In contrast, he opted to attend the junior high school, and subsequently an agricultural college. There, Gowon learned how to drive a tractor, and used his new skills to set up his own farm. This endeavor yielded little monetary gains, so Gowon decided to switch to working on a prison farm in 1964.
Military service
Early career and invasion of 1972
Gowon left the prisons service in 1968, and enlisted in the military. This decision partially stemmed from the changed political situation in Uganda. The country had become independent in 1962, and the Ugandan King's African Rifles units had been transformed into the Uganda Army. At the same time, politicians began to conspire and struggle for power, backed by the country's numerous tribal groups. By the late 1960s, the main opposing factions were led by Army chief of staff Idi Amin (mainly supported by the West Nile tribes) and President Milton Obote (mainly backed by the Acholi and Langi). In order to secure the power over the Uganda Army, both launched extensive recruitment drives to enlist as many members of their own respective tribal groups as possible.
At first, Gowon was sent to a boot camp north of Kampala, Uganda's capital, where Amin was training a new elite unit. Obote considered this new unit a potential threat, however, and ordered its disbandment. As result, Gowon was reassigned to the paratroopers, and among those sent to Greece for a course in commando tactics. In 1971, Amin launched a coup d'état and installed himself as President, though Obote found refuge in Tanzania. Amin's military dictatorship promptly purged the army of all those who were believed loyal to Obote, including most Acholi and Langi. The vacant leadership positions were then filled with soldiers who were loyal to Amin and usually from the West Nile Province. Gowon returned to Uganda after the coup's conclusion, and was promoted to major and appointed second-in-command of the Simba Battalion, stationed at Mbarara. Another Ugandan ex-officer later commented that Gowon was not prepared for such a promotion, and was just appointed because he belonged to Amin's own tribal group and religion. With the President as his personal patron, Gowon held great power over the Simba Battalion, probably more than the official commanding officer, Colonel Ali Fadhul.
Despite his inexperience, Gowon won some respect as second-in-command of the Simba Battalion, and was regarded as more polite and humane than other military officers who abused their power. While he was stationed at Mbarara, the Simba Battalion carried out numerous massacres of Acholi and Langi; Gowon later claimed that he knew nothing of any mass murders. On 17 September 1972, rebels loyal to Obote launched an invasion of Uganda from Tanzania. As Colonel Fadhul went missing amid the attack's early stages, Gowon was left in command of the Simba Battalion, and organized a counter-attack against a rebel column of 350 fighters. This counter-attack completely overwhelmed the rebels, most of whom were killed or captured. After Obote's invasion had been repelled, Amin ordered a purge of any possible rebel supporters throughout Uganda. One of Gowon's subordinates, Nasur Gille, later testified under disputed circumstances that Gowon ordered and organized the political murders in Mbarara. It is known that the commander had good connections to at least some members of the State Research Bureau, Amin's secret police organisation, and some victims of the purges as well as their families believe that Gowon ordered their deaths. Despite this, several residents of Mbarara argued that Gowon actually saved many lives during the mass killings. They later recalled that people had been marked for execution, but been freed on Gowon's orders. When questioned about his involvement in some political murders, the commander later told that "Any commanding officer who defended them [i.e. the victims]... When you defend, you become a collaborator", meaning one would in turn be marked for death.
Rise in the ranks
Gowon's reputation improved due to his role in defeating Obote's invasion, and he consequently rose in the ranks. When Amin ordered the expulsion of Asians from Uganda, Gowon was one of those responsible for redistributing the properties of about 40,000 deported Indian businessmen. This job was not just profitable and made him quite wealthy, but helped him to forge political connections. Nevertheless, Gowon almost fell from power after a coup attempt against Amin in 1973. An unidentified person told the President that Gowon was secretly a Christian which was enough to warrant suspicions about him being a supporter of the coup attempt. He was placed under house arrest, but Vice President and Chief of Staff Mustafa Adrisi intervened on his behalf, allowing Gowon to be flown to Libya for medical treatment. In this way, he avoided the worst purges, and upon returning was even promoted to commander of a unit in eastern Uganda. Over the following years, Gowon rose to lieutenant colonel, colonel, and brigadier general. By 1977, he commanded the Eastern Brigade, and he was promoted to major general on 8 May 1978. His subordinates did not much respect him. They regarded him as "uneducated rube", and promoted far above his station. He was even derogatorily nicknamed "the tractor driver" by soldiers due to his past as a farmer. Some officers also disliked him due to his tendence to circumvent them and deal with the lower ranks directly. In contrast, he was popular among the people of his birthplace, Ladonga, because he paid school tuition for local children, and built a primary school and a medical clinic.
At some point, Gowon was again accused of treason as result of political conspiracies among Amin's inner circles. Gowon and his protector, Adrisi, were ordered into the President's bureau. There, Amin told them that more evidence had surfaced about Gowon's support for the 1973 coup attempt, and had him arrested. Adrisi begged the President to reconsider, claiming that the entire affair was engineered by a clique of Nubians. Amin finally relented, but threatened that if Gowon was accused one more time of involvement in the 1973 coup, he would be executed. Despite these incidents, Gowon remained one of Amin's most trusted followers, and would spy for him on other officers. He also launched his own intrigues. He had a long-time rivalry with General Moses Ali, and eventually managed to disempower him in 1978, though his attempt to murder his rival as well failed. In early 1978, Adrisi was almost killed in a car accident that was suspected to be actually an assassination attempt. Amin consequently purged several of Adrisi's followers from the government, including Uganda Army Chief of Staff Isaac Lumago. Gowon was made acting Army Chief of Staff. He was formally appointed as Lumago's successor in June. By this point, the repeated purges had reduced Amin's inner circle to a small number of officers. Gowon's appointment was mostly owed to the fact that he was regarded as loyal to Amin, and lacked a power base in the military to threaten the President. After becoming chief of staff, one reporter described him as the "second-most powerful man in the country". In fact, Gowon was not qualified as head of the military, and lacked training in basic strategy.
The Uganda–Tanzania War, dismissal, and desertion
In late 1978, tensions between Uganda and Tanzania culminated in open warfare. The exact circumstances of the conflict's outbreak remain unclear, but President Amin ordered an invasion of northwestern Tanzania on 30 October 1978. Gowon was put in charge of about 3,000 soldiers to carry out the operation which initially went well. The Tanzanian border guards were overwhelmed and the Kagera salient occupied, whereupon the Ugandan troops launched a spree of plundering, rape, and murder. Gowon joined the looting, and reportedly demoted an Ugandan captain when the latter refused to hand over a stolen tractor to him. After the Uganda Army blew up a bridge across the Kagera river, Gowon believed that he had made a Tanzanian counter-offensive impossible and thereby won the war. This turned out to be a catastrophic miscalculation, as the Tanzania People's Defence Force (TPDF) counter-attacked using a pontoon bridge, routing the Ugandans. Thereafter, Tanzania began preparing a counter-invasion of Uganda, but Gowon and other high-ranking commanders ignored warnings by subordinate officers about an impending Tanzanian offensive. Colonel Bernard Rwehururu in particular accused Gowon of gross incompetence, recalling an occasion when he showed the Chief of Staff a map with possible Tanzanian invasion routes. Gowon was allegedly unimpressed, and replied "What's wrong with you? You are always thinking of maps. Do you fight with maps?" Another officer stated that the Chief of Staff lied to the President about the military situation, and ignored messages by frontline commanders.
One of the greatest problems for the Uganda Army was its lack of artillery, while the Tanzanians had ample access to Katyusha rocket launchers. Gowon put off this issue until another Ugandan general urged him to finally do something about it. Gowon asked Amin to buy artillery abroad, but the man who was entrusted this task simply pocketed the money. The TPDF invaded on 21 January 1979, and defeated the Uganda Army in a series of battles. Eventually, Amin's Libyan ally Muammar Gaddafi intervened by sending an expeditionary force, whereupon a combined Ugandan-Libyan counter-offensive was launched against Lukaya on 10 March 1979. The battle turned against the Ugandans on 11 March, as the TPDF launched a successful counter-attack. In an attempt to strengthen morale, Gowon and General Isaac Maliyamungu joined their troops on the front line at Lukaya. For unknown reasons, the positions the two men took were frequently subject to sudden, intense rocket fire. Ugandan junior officers tried to convince their men that the Tanzanians were probably aware of the generals' presence and were targeting them with precise bombardments. The Ugandan troops nonetheless felt that Maliyamungu and Gowon were harbingers of misfortune and nicknamed them bisirani, or "bad omen". The leading Ugandan commander at Lukaya, Godwin Sule, realised the generals were not having a positive effect and asked them to leave the front.
According to an unidentified "high Ugandan official" who was in exile in Nairobi at the time, Gowon and other officers unsuccessfully urged Amin to step down as President after the Battle of Lukaya. Soon after, a Libyan officer visited Gowon's headquarters, and relayed that Amin had fired him. The Libyan then mounted a tank and addressed the Ugandan soldiers present, telling them that Gowon had betrayed them to the Tanzanians.
The soldiers were enraged, and wanted to murder their former Chief of Staff, but Gowon managed to flee to Kampala and from there to Wile Nile on a motorcycle. His troops believed that he had deserted, prompting one of them to comment in an interview with the Drum magazine that "Our recent chief of staff, Major General Gowon, has disappeared. Only hell knows where he is." He was succeeded as Chief of Staff by Ali Fadhul.
Exile in Zaire and return to Uganda
When Gowon arrived in Arua, West Nile, the local Ugandan garrison promptly arrested him as traitor, and confiscated his wealth. By chance, Gowon's old ally Mustafa Adrisi visited Arua shortly after his arrest, and ordered his release. Adrisi told Gowon that he should flee Uganda as soon as possible, and the former Chief of Staff followed this recommendation. Unsure whether to go into exile in Zaire or Sudan, he finally chose the former. Gowon initially found refuge with Catholic missionaries. Meanwhile, Amin's regime collapsed as the Tanzanians and their Ugandan rebel allies occupied Kampala, prompting most Uganda Army loyalists to flee into Sudan and Zaire. Zairean dictator Mobutu Sese Seko allowed the Ugandan exiles, including Gowon, to stay in his country. As many believed that Gowon had actually been bribed by the Tanzanians and lost the war on purpose, he became a persona non grata among the Ugandan exiles and thus excluded from plans by Amin loyalists to launch a rebellion to regain power. Gowon was actually pleased about this, as he had no interest in resuming fighting.
Instead, Gowon focused on building a new life in Zaire, taking up residency in Kisangani. By befriending a Zairean customs officer, he had smuggled some trucks out of Uganda and would subsequently rent them out. He was also involved in other businesses, "the exact nature of which he prefers to leave vague". At the same time, Uganda descended into civil war which resulted in Yoweri Museveni's rise to presidency in 1986. Museveni's government focused on national reconstruction, and offered reconciliation to Amin's former followers. Gowon took up this offer in 1994, and returned to Uganda with other ex-officers, and hundreds of dependants. Museveni personally welcomed Gowon back to Uganda, and the two even laughingly reminisced about the 1972 invasion during which they had fought each other (Museveni had been part of Obote's rebel alliance at the time). Mbarara threw a "huge party" in Gowon's honor. The Ugandan government rented him a house in Ntinda, and granted him a stipend. Grateful for this treatment, Gowon subsequently supported Museveni, and made speeches in his favor during the 1996 Ugandan presidential election. The former Chief of Staff also founded "Alternatives to Violence", a nonprofit organization to help ex-combatants to find civilian jobs. He later became the leader of a Uganda Army veterans association.
Trial
Gowon lived in retirement until 2001, when he was arrested by the Ugandan police for the murder of county chief Eliphaz Laki. According to the testimony of two former subordinates of Gowon, Laki had been murdered on his orders during the purges following the 1972 invasion. The former Chief of Staff disputed any knowledge of or involvement in Laki's death, but was placed in the Luzira Maximum Security Prison and put on trial. Gowon faced the death sentence if convicted of the murder. His trial generated much publicity in Uganda, as most crimes during Amin's regime remained unresolved due to lack of evidence and lack of interest in persecuting them on the side of the Ugandan government which wants to maintain communal peace. The prosecutors, the families of victims, and reporters saw Gowon's trial as the last chance to finally address the injustices of Amin's regime which had killed between 100,000 and 300,000 people, as the majority of the perpetrators were already quite old. Lead prosecutor Simon Byabakama Mugenyi stated that "It's like our Nuremberg Trial." Others, mostly people from West Nile, saw Gowon as victim of political conspiracies. Gowon believed that his old rival, Moses Ali, was behind his trial. By then, Ali had risen to minister of internal affairs in Museveni's government and was quite influential. At some point, the minister allegedly visited Luzira Prison just to enjoy seeing Gowon imprisoned; Ali denied all of this, once stating that he "did not even know [that Gowon] was arrested" until reading of it in the newspapers. The former Chief of Staff maintained his innocence during the entire trial, stating on one occasion that "These people were civilians. They could not have been killed. This is what I know."
Gowon's former subordinates had confessed before the trial that they had murdered Laki on Gowon's direct order, but the reliability of their confessions was questioned during the trial. They had told the police about Gowon's order because they had already been arrested on charges of murder, hoping to be treated leniently by indicting Gowon. When this did not come to pass, the purported witnesses recanted their confessions. As the prosecutors attempted to gather more and firmer evidence for Gowon's guilt, the trial dragged on for almost a year. The trial resulted in tensions among Gowon's family. When well-wishers donated money for his defense, one of his sons absconded with it. The former Chief of Staff then tried to hire an attorney, Caleb Alaka, by promising him a house, but Gowon's wife promptly sued him. She argued that the house in question was rightfully hers. In the end, Alaka still took the case out of respect and pity for the former Chief of Staff. Early in the trial, one person offered Gowon's family and the defense attorney to speak out in favor of the former Chief of Staff in return for a bribe; the family had to refuse, as they were still broke.
Though Laki's son had managed to gather evidence which suggested that Gowon was guilty, it was regarded as inadmissible by the judge. The defense attempted to discredit other evidence which had been found by a private investigator who died while the trial was still ongoing, arguing that the latter had died of a mental disorder although he had in fact died of HIV/AIDS. In the middle of the trial, defense attorney Caleb Alaka simply disappeared; he later resurfaced in Western Nile, where he had taken a job representing a rebel group which had signed a peace deal with the Ugandan government. Five months later he rejoined Gowon's trial, only to disappear again in February 2003, this time for good. For lack of firm evidence, the judge acquitted Gowon and the two other defendants on 25 September 2003. His release was celebrated by his family and sympathizers, mostly from West Nile, while Laki's family and sympathizers, mostly from southern Uganda, decried it as injustice. Some even spread conspiracy theories according to which the government had installed the judge, a Muslim, because he would support Gowon and his co-defendants. The former Chief of Staff regarded the verdict as vindication of his innocence.
Later life
Following his release, Gowon resumed his work in the veterans association, and consequently advocated for a greater unity among ex-combatants of West Nile origin.
Personal life
Gowon has been described as "simple man" who is "cheerful by disposition", and easily makes friends. He has 28 children by four different wives, and 22 grandchildren. Gowon is fluent in Swahili, and he understands a little English. He is a Muslim.
Notes
References
Citations
Works cited
Category:1936 births
Category:Ugandan military personnel
Category:Living people
Category:People from West Nile sub-region
Category:Ugandan exiles
Category:Military personnel of the Uganda–Tanzania War
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