text
stringlengths 22
288k
| meta
dict |
|---|---|
Gulrukhbegim Tokhirjonova
Gulrukhbegim Tokhirjonova (born 16 July 1999), is an Uzbekistani Women Grandmaster (2016).
Biography
In 2011, Gulrukhbegim Tokhirjonova won bronze medal the World Youth Chess Championship in age category U12. In 2015, she won Asian Girls Championship in age category U20. In 2017, she is second Asian Zone 3.4 after Dinara Saduakassova and qualified for the Women's World Chess Championship 2018. In 2018, Gulrukhbegim Tokhirjonova won Uzbekistan Women Chess Championship.
Gulrukhbegim Tokhirjonova played for Uzbekistan in the Women's Chess Olympiads:
In 2016, at second board in the 42nd Chess Olympiad (women) in Baku (+2, =3, -3),
In 2018, at first board in the 43rd Chess Olympiad (women) in Batumi (+7, =3, -1).
In 2015, she was awarded the FIDE International Women Master (WIM) title and received the FIDE International Women Grandmaster (WGM) title year later.
References
External links
Gulrukhbegim Tokhirjonova chess games at 365Chess.com
Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:Uzbekistani chess players
Category:Chess woman grandmasters
Category:Chess Olympiad competitors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Niurkis Mora
Niurkis Mora (born 6 October 1994) is a Cuban handball player. She plays for the club Santiago de Cuba and is member of the Cuban national team. She competed at the 2015 World Women's Handball Championship in Denmark.
Individual Awards and recognitions
2017 Caribbean Handball Cup: All Star Team Goalkeeper
References
Category:1994 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cuban female handball players
Category:Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for Cuba
Category:Competitors at the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games
Category:Handball players at the 2019 Pan American Games | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Private landowner assistance program
Private landowner assistance program (PLAP) is a class of government assistance program available throughout the U.S. for landowners interested in maintaining, developing, improving and protecting wildlife on their property. Each state provides various programs that assist landowners in agriculture, forestry and conserving wildlife habitat. This helps landowners in the practice of good land stewardship and provides multiple benefits to the environment. Some states offer technical assistance which includes:
assisting the landowner to decide which programs will fit the landowner's needs,
assist landowners with processes/procedures,
and assist in coming up with a plan that will be beneficial to the species present on their land while preserving their natural habitat.
Landowner incentive programs
Landowner incentive programs work to financially assist landowners in the restoration and protection of endangered species Generally any private landowner or organization can apply for assistance but preference is given to areas in greatest need of protection.
Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP)
WHIP is a voluntary landowner program that is devoted to the improvement of upland wildlife habitat. It is available in all 50 states and has enrolled nearly 11,000 landowners totaling since its beginning in 1998. Eligibility is limited to privately owned, federal, tribal and government lands (Limited). Once approved, land management plans are designed with one of two primary agendas.
Habitat for declining species
Wildlife and fishery habitats and sustainable practices
Proposed management plans are considered for 5,10 or 15 year time spans with increased cost-share benefits for longer commitments.
Forest Land Enhancement Program (FLEP)
FLEP is a type of USDS incentive program designed to maintain the long term sustainability of non-industrial private forest. The program provides financial and educational assistance to landowners that compose a qualifying management plan. Initially proposed plans must be 10 years management strategies and can manage no more than (additional area can be added in special cases).
Tax incentives
Another way landowners can be persuaded to conserve their private land is through tax incentive programs. For example, Louisiana has a tax exemption program providing tax relief for landowner that commit to specific management plans.
Agricultural conversion programs
Conservation Reserve Program - State Acres for wildlife Enhancement (SAFE)
The United States Department of Agriculture USDA started the Conservation Reserve Program as part of the Food Security Act of 1985. The program is designed to provide assistance and incentive for farmers to maintain sustainable farming practices and to encourage the development of natural wildlife habitat.
The State Acres for wildlife Enhancement (SAFE) program was approved by the USDS as an offshoot of the Conservation Reserve Program. The program is designed to further protect threatened and endangered species habitat through the restoration of eligible property. The overall goal of the program is to restore and enhance up to but no more than of wildlife habitat. Eligibility requirements, designated SAFE zones and sign-up practices vary from state to state.
Agricultural Management Assistance
Agricultural Management Assistance (AMA) can provide financial assistance to farming landowners willing to volunteer their land for conservation. Funding can be used in a variety of management plans including; windbreak planting, irrigation improvements, soil erosion control, sustainable pest management or development of new organic farming operations. The AMA has a limited annual budget of $20million and individual landowners can qualify for up to $50,000 in AMA payments per year. AMA is available in 15 states and interested landowners can apply via their local Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) or conservation district office.
Grassland Reserve Program
The grassland reserve program is a voluntary landowner program than provides financial and educational support to landowners wishing to maintain or enhance grasslands on their property. The program allows for restoration of multiple types of grasslands including shrub-land, pasture, and range. The grassland reserve programs main goal is to prevent the conversion of native grasslands to other land uses such as development and agriculture. Once protected the land does not necessary remain untouched. Easements may be applied for which allow temporary practices such as grazing, hay harvest, seed harvest or mowing to occur. All temporary easements are decided on while taking disturbance possibilities into account. In terms of land cover, grasslands have the highest percentage of coverage with more than in the United States alone.
Grazing Land Conservation Initiative (GLCI)
The Grazing Land Conservation Initiative (GLCI) is set up to help improve grazing land that is privately owned. This program targets landowners and promotes the maintenance of private grazing land in order to produce higher quality grass than previously found in a specific location. The GLCI provides education materials for anyone who is interested in improving their private grazing land.
Conservation of Private Grazing Land Program (CPGL)
Conservation of Private Grazing Land Program (CPGL) provides private landowners with the necessary tools to maintain high quality grasslands. The primary agenda of the CPGL is to increase the diversity of the land and aid in water managing practices for grazing. No funding is available through this program.
Forest legacy program
The Forest Legacy Program (FLP) is a Federal program in partnership with individual states that protect forests which are environmentally sensitive or endangered. The program focuses on interests and issues that deal with privately owned forests. The FLP provides financial assistance for privately owned forest that is endangered due to anthropogenic development, or forest that has become fragmented due to previous practices. The Forest Legacy program provides alternatives for landowners located in these troubled forested areas. The FLP also develops cooperative conservation plans that allow private landowners to retain land ownership without the need to negotiate property rights. This reduces the effort needed to maintain a sustainable management plan and ultimately increases the benefit to the forest. The Forest Legacy Program has two main goals. The first is to support property acquisition and the second is to acquire donated conservation easements. Participation in the FLP program is limited to private land owners and the federal government funds up to 75% of the costs that are involved. The remaining 25% comes from the landowners as well as other local and state resources. The FLP program has partnered with the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks in an effort to protect almost of forested terrain. The Forest Legacy Program has websites for specific states working together.
Forest stewardship programs
The Forest Stewardship Program (FSP) provides assistance to non-industrial private forest owners by encouraging and enabling them for long-term forest management. The program provides landowners with information on development and multi-source planning in an effort to manage private forests for goods and services. Increased economic output along with increased output from the forest is the main goal of the program. Since its introduction, the program has developed 270,000 management plans that consist of more than 31,000,000 acres (130,000 km²) of private land. Stewardship plans promote forest health and development through active management while providing timber, wildlife habitat, natural watersheds, recreational opportunities and many other benefits. Stewardship plans also motivate landowners to become actively involved in planning and managing their land which eventually can lead healthier and more productive forests. Participation in forest stewardship programs is generally open to all private landowners who are committed to a management plan for at least ten years.
Forestry Contractors
Forestry contractors are local individuals and professionals that can provide landowners with general forest management information and assistance on a wide range of questions and projects. Forestry contractors assist private landowners on issues such as; species identification, timber management, timber stand improvement, timber sales, wildlife management and habitat improvement, endangered and threatened species information, erosion management, recreational development, tree and shrub selection, hazard tree appraisal, forest inventory and damage appraisal. Contact information for forestry contractors and other service forestry experts can generally be found on local Department of Natural Resource Websites.
Urban and community forestry programs
Urban and community forests are the trees, plants and ecosystems occurring in developed areas. Urban and community forestry programs work to create and maintain sustainable communities and improve overall urban aesthetics. Programs are designed to conserve natural resources by utilizing a variety of tools including property tax assessment and forest easement programs. They assist landowners with species identification and management of existing community forests with the main goal of creating healthy functional ecosystems within residential communities. Urban and community forestry programs are not only limited to trees and shrubs but also to the factors that contribute to the growth of these organisms. Additional factors include soil, water and air quality. These programs educate citizens on proper tree planting techniques, gardening, nature and how to utilize their land more efficiently. Investments in this program provide clean air and water, energy conservation, reduction in greenhouse gases and add beauty to urban areas.
Watershed forestry programs
Watersheds or drainage basins are an area of land that drain into a common water body such as stream, lake, estuary, aquifer or ocean. The Watershed Approach is an important framework to address today’s water challenges. More than $450 billion in food and fiber, manufactured goods, and tourism depends on clean water and healthy watersheds. The watershed approach consists of three main strategies:
Hydrologically defined: which takes geography and all other factors into consideration
Involves the stakeholders: which includes the federal, state, local and private sectors
Strategically addresses water resource goals: which focuses on the water quality and habitat of a particular region. The strategy uses adaptive management and multiple programs which consist of mandatory and voluntary aspects
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has created a website for which contains information about sources of funding of practitioners and funders that have the goal to serve and protect the watersheds.
Nursery and seedbank programs
Nursery and seedbank programs aid conservation programs by supplying trees and shrubs at different successive levels. Plant materials are available for both private and public conservation programs and must be used for the following conservation purposes:
Windbreaks
Shelterbelts
Woodlots
Erosion Control
Wildlife Habitat
Christmas Tree Farms
Streambank Stabilization
Greenstripping
Mine Reclamation
Northeastern forest legacy program
The Northeastern Forest Legacy Program is an alliance between the USDA Forest Service and the individual states. Together they work to protect the forest for the future generations. The purpose of this program is to preserve the forest areas that are threatened by the conversion to non forest uses. Seventy five percent of the programs that belong to this alliance are funded by the government and the other 25% comes from private, state, and local communities or organizations. The technique used to protect he forests is conservation easement. Land that has scenic value, fish and wildlife value, contains endangered or threatened species are prioritized. Some of the main characteristics of the program are:
It is entirely voluntary
The program helps state and local to identify important areas that need immediate attention
The program is based on a “willing seller and willing buyer” concept
When conservation easements are used the land remains privately owned
FLP consists of protection tools such as full-fee purchase, voluntary deed restriction, and agreements
Illinois Acres for Wildlife
Illinois Acres for Wildlife is an Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) voluntary program designed to provide assistance to private landowners wishing to maintain their property. The ultimate goal of the program is to inform and educate landowners so they understand how their property fits into a broad management plan. Although completely voluntary, the IDNR can provide an initial resource assessment for participating landowners in order to design an effective management plan. No financial assistance is described or offered by the acres for wildlife program but the IDNR can provide seed and seedling stock for qualifying areas.
American Tree Farm System
"Wood is a crop. Forestry is Tree Farming."
— Gifford Pinchot, First chief of the USDA Forest Service.
The American Tree Farm system is an organized collection of private landowners interested in effectively managing their woodland properties. Founded in 1941, the ATFS consists of more than of privately owned forest in 46 states. There are 4,400 volunteers who inspect the forest grounds and there are 87,000 family forest owners. The ATFS is primarily known for continuous wood and timber production but it also consists of many programs and committees that work to ensure the protection of wildlife habitats, watersheds, soil quality and recreation for communities. The habitat and resources that tree farms provided differ greatly based on their location and by the species of trees that are planted. Farms in the system attempt to maintain a healthy level of biodiversity by creating natural forest buffers, practicing sustainable harvesting techniques and by minimizing land fragmentation. Tree farm systems in each state are self-governing and all work under specific guidelines developed by the ATFS’s National Operating Committee. The term tree farming was introduced in 1940 by linking the terms in an attempt to make it easier for the public to conceptualize that trees are renewable resources.
Forest Landowners Association (FLA)
60% of the nation's forestlands are privately owned, in order to sustain private forests FLA works to sustain the people who own them. The association works on the behalf of all private landowners interests regardless of whether they are members or not. Since 1941, FLA has provided its members, who own and operate more than 40 million acres of forestland in 48 states, with education, information, and national grassroots advocacy, which enables them to sustain their forestlands across generations and help protect the rights of America's private forest landowners - along with the diverse habitats, clean water and air, recreation and the other, irreplaceable benefits that private forests provide. Outreach on behalf of private forest landowners nationwide enhances landowners forestland management practices and stewardship, and provides peace of mind that they have an advocate working to bring them richly deserved compensation for their work that safeguards America’s forestlands.
Viable markets and reasonable regulations are fundamental to sustaining private forests, forestry related jobs and forest stewardship. FLA communicates advice, support and information to policy makers on behalf of all private landowners, educating them on how proposed legislation could affect private forest management, stewardship and owners’ rights. FLA provides a voice for forest landowners on national and regional issues, and follows every piece of legislation appearing before Congress that affects forest landowners and their property. Every year, Congress debates hundreds of pieces of legislation with the potential to enhance or diminish forest landowners' rights to manage their land. FLA's mission is to support, through advocacy, education and information, forest landowner's responsible management of their private property.
FLA continually represents forest owners’ interests. Members of the Forest Landowners Association are a diverse group of individual & institutional landowners, consulting foresters, and corporations. Motives for their support are varied but the common thread that compels their participation is the fact that FLA is a leading advocate of all private landowners-regardless of size, corporate structure, location, certification status, or tax classification. Forest Landowners Association works with many organizations that are interested in preserving the rights of forest landowners, promoting open market access for all forest products, and protecting the forest resource while considering the impacts of laws and regulations on the landowner.
Wetland Reserve Program (WRP)
The Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) funds landowners that volunteer their land for wetland development and provides opportunities for landowners participate in the maintenance of the project. The land must meet specific requirement to receive funding and the program is set up for each state in the United States.
The Landowner has up to three choices:
Permanent Easement
30-Year Easement
Restoration Cost-Share Agreement
References
U.S. Department of Natural Resource External links
The following list is a collection of links to state department websites and other natural resource organizations. Each link is specific to the many private landowner services provided by different departments throughout the United States.
Alabama-http://www.dcnr.state.al.us/
Alaska-http://www.state.ak.us/adfg/
Arizona-http://www.gf.state.az.us/
Arkansas-http://www.agfc.com/index.html
California-http://www.dfg.ca.gov/
Colorado-http://wildlife.state.co.us/, http://coloradoriparian.org/
Connecticut-http://dep.state.ct.us/
Delaware-http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/fw/
Florida-http://www.floridaconservation.org//, http://www.floridaforestservice.com/services.html
Georgia-http://www.DNR.State.GA.US/
Hawaii-http://www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/
Idaho-http://www2.state.id.us/fishgame/
Illinois- http://dnr.state.il.us/OREP/C2000/Incentives.htm#PLWHP
Indiana- http://www.in.gov/dnr/forestry/
Iowa- https://web.archive.org/web/20080219134410/http://www.iowadnr.gov/forestry/private.html
Kansas- https://web.archive.org/web/20080216002459/http://www.kdwp.state.ks.us/news/other_services/private_landowner_assistance
Kentucky- https://web.archive.org/web/20080221220153/http://fw.ky.gov/navigation.asp?cid=647&NavPath=C100C366
Louisiana- https://web.archive.org/web/20070813173836/http://www.biodiversitypartners.org/state/la/incentives.shtml
Maine- http://www.swoam.org/
Maryland- https://web.archive.org/web/20110809172610/http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Habitat/lip_intro.asp
Massachusetts- http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/habitat/grants/lip/lip_home.htm
Michigan- http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_36649---,00.html
Minnesota- https://web.archive.org/web/20061008132530/http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/lip/index.html - http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/forestry/urban/bmps.pdf
Mississippi- http://www.mdwfp.com/Level2/Wildlife/Lip/Introduction.asp
Missouri- http://www.mo.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/whip/whip.html
Montana - https://web.archive.org/web/20080224214819/http://dnrc.mt.gov/forestry/Assistance/Stewardship/fsp.asp
Nevada- https://web.archive.org/web/20080228062800/http://www.forestry.nv.gov/main/resource01.htm
New Hampshire - http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/Wildlife/Landowner_LIP_program.htm
New Jersey - http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/forest/njfs_private_lands_mgt.html
New Mexico - http://www.emnrd.state.nm.us/FD/ForestMgt/ForestStewardship.htm
New York - http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/4972.html
North Carolina - http://www.dfr.state.nc.us/tending/tending_your_forest.htm
North Dakota - https://web.archive.org/web/20080224085612/http://gf.nd.gov/maps/pli-program.html
Ohio - http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/landowner/default/tabid/5279/Default.aspx
Oklahoma - https://web.archive.org/web/20080312180554/http://www.wildlifedepartment.com/laprogrm4.htm
Oregon - https://web.archive.org/web/20080307050241/http://www.dfw.state.or.us/LIP/
Pennsylvania - http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/privatelands.aspx
https://web.archive.org/web/20080305052933/http://www.treefarmsystem.org/cms/pages/69_1.html
Rhode Island- https://web.archive.org/web/20080509072341/http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/bnatres/forest/index.htm
South Carolina-http://www.dnr.sc.gov/land/foreststeward.html
South Dakota-http://www.sdgfp.info/Wildlife/privatelands/Index.htm
Tennessee-http://www.state.tn.us/twra/tnlip.html
Texas-http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/private/ (Private Land)
http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/technical_guidance/ (Landowner Assistanship)
Utah-http://www.ffsl.utah.gov/mmlandownerforassist.php
Vermont-http://www.vtfpr.org/lands/index.cfm
Virginia-http://www.dgif.state.va.us/habitat/lip/
Washington-http://wdfw.wa.gov/lands/lip/
West Virginia- http://www.joe.org/joe/2004august/rb5.shtml
Wisconsin- https://web.archive.org/web/20080304062221/http://dnr.wi.gov/forestry/private/financial/costshare.htm
Wyoming- http://gf.state.wy.us/wildlife/nongame/LIP/index.asp
Category:Agricultural economics
Category:Conservation in the United States
Category:Wildlife conservation | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Politisk Revy
Politisk Revy (meaning Political Review in English) was a Danish bi-weekly political magazine with new left tendency. The magazine was named after the 1920s critical magazine, Critical Revue. Politisk Revy existed between 1963 and 1987.
History
Politisk Revy, a bi-weekly magazine, was founded in 1963 by Andreas Jorgensen, a left-wing politician. The other cofounders of the magazine were Socialist People's Party members and journalists who had worked for defunct Dialogue magazine.
Politisk Revy was based in Copenhagen and was published by København. The early the editors of the magazine included
Andreas Jorgensen, Johan Fjord Jensen, Ulf Christiansen and Sven Skovmand who left the magazine after 1966. Ebbe Kløvedal Reich and Ole Grünbaum were two of its columnists following this period. The former also served as editor of the bi-weekly for one year at the end of the 1960s.
Karen Jespersen, former interior minister of Denmark, served as the editor of Politisk Revy from 1974 to 1977. Bente Hansen is also among the former editors-in-chief of the magazine.
Politisk Revy reached its peak circulation in the 1970s with 5,000 copies. During this period the magazine was one of the alternative media together with Information, a newspaper, in Denmark.
The magazine was closed in March 1987 due to low levels of circulation and shaky finances. In 1969 the magazine also began to publish books of which number was 507 until its disestablishment.
Political leaning and censorship
Politisk Ravy was not affiliated to any political party or organization. However, in the late 1960s the magazine functioned as a forum for the new left in Denmark. In addition, people adopted the views of the new left in the country were organized around the magazine. The magazine provided a very theoretical approach towards the leftist ideas. From 1966 the magazine began to publish articles about the role of Cuba as a driving force in Third World revolutionary activities.
Ebbe Kløvedal Reich's editorials in the magazine were mostly about the criticism of the Vietnam war. In 1969, the Danish police seized the magazine's forthcoming issue for allegedly containing secret military information. The magazine published an editorial in Autumn 1970, arguing that Greenland should have a socialist government.
See also
List of magazines in Denmark
References
Category:1963 establishments in Denmark
Category:1987 disestablishments in Denmark
Category:Biweekly magazines
Category:Danish companies established in 1963
Category:Danish magazines
Category:Defunct magazines of Denmark
Category:Defunct media companies of Denmark
Category:Defunct political magazines
Category:Magazines established in 1963
Category:Magazines disestablished in 1987
Category:Media in Copenhagen
Category:Socialist magazines
Category:Danish-language magazines | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Josiah D. Arnold
Josiah D. Arnold (November 1, 1820 – March 10, 1903) was an American businessman and politician.
Arnold was born in Washington, Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Arnold moved to Janesville, Wisconsin Territory in 1843. He then moved to Columbus, Columbia County, Wisconsin Territory in 1846 and finally moved to Portage, Wisconsin in 1852. Arnold was a merchant and lumber dealer. Arnold served as clerk of the Wisconsin Circuit Court for Columbia County in 1848 and 1849. He then served as register of deeds for Columbia County in 1851 and 1852. Arnold was a Democrat. From 1854 to 1858, Arnold served on the Portage Common Council. In 1877, Arnold served as mayor of Portage. In 1878, Arnold served in the Wisconsin Assembly. He moved back to Janesville and was in the real estate and insurance business. Arnold died at his home in Janesville, Wisconsin from heart problems.
Notes
External links
Category:1820 births
Category:1903 deaths
Category:People from Washington, Massachusetts
Category:People from Janesville, Wisconsin
Category:People from Portage, Wisconsin
Category:Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Category:Wisconsin Democrats
Category:County officials in Wisconsin
Category:Mayors of places in Wisconsin
Category:Wisconsin city council members
Category:Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mali Lipovec, Croatia
Mali Lipovec, Croatia is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 122 people.
References
Category:Populated places in Zagreb County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Abdopus
Abdopus is a genus of octopuses in the family Octopodidae.
Species
Abdopus abaculus (Norman & Sweeney, 1997) – mosaic octopus
Abdopus aculeatus (d'Orbigny, 1834) – algae octopus
Abdopus capricornicus (Norman & Finn, 2001)
Abdopus horridus (d'Orbigny, 1826) – Red Sea octopus
Abdopus tenebricus (Smith, 1884)
Abdopus tonganus (Hoyle, 1885)
Abdopus undulatus Huffard, 2007
Taxon inquirendum
Abdopus guangdongensis (Dong, 1976)
References
Norman M.D. & Hochberg F.G. (2005) The current state of Octopus taxonomy. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 66:127–154.
Huffard, C.L., R.L. Caldwell & F. Boneka. 2008. Mating behavior of Abdopus aculeatus (d’Orbigny 1834) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in the wild. Marine Biology (published online first).
External links
Category:Octopodidae
Category:Cephalopod genera | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of people with color blindness
This is a list of people with color blindness, meaning they have a decreased ability to see color or differences in color.
A–Z
See also
Color blindness
References
Colorblind People
Colorblind People
Colorblind People | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Modern Warfare (band)
Modern Warfare was an early-1980s punk rock band from Long Beach, California. It featured Jim Bemis (guitar and lead vocals), Tim Gaines (bass), Steve Sinclair (bass), Ron Goudie (lead guitar), Randy Scott (drums), and Tish Lucca (Keyboards).
Bemis wrote most of the songs, and also lent his name to the band's label, Bemisbrain Records (sometimes written as two words, "Bemis Brain"). Bemisbrain (the name was reportedly a play on the Bemis Manufacturing Company, maker of toilet seats, though this was never confirmed by the band) issued records by several other punk and deathrock bands, including Tex & the Horseheads, Nip Drivers, Mnemonic Devices, and Super Heroines, as well as the two Hell Comes to Your House compilation albums.
Discography
Modern Warfare (7" EP, 1980, Bemisbrain Records)
Modern Warfare No. 2 (7" EP, 1981, Bemisbrain Records)
Compilation appearances
Hell Comes to Your House (1981)
Includes "Out of My Head" and "Street Fightin' Man"
American Youth Report (1982)
Includes "One for All"
Life Is Boring So Why Not Steal This Record (1983)
Includes "Moral Majority"
References
Category:Punk rock groups from California
Category:Musical groups from Los Angeles | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Louis J. Budd
Louis J. Budd (1921–2010) was a James B. Duke Professor of English at Duke University, a literary critic and a leading Mark Twain scholar. He helped to develop and served as managing editor of the journal American Literature from 1986 to 1991.
Biography
Budd was born Louis Budrewicz in St Louis, Missouri. His father was a Polish immigrant and his mother was Lithuanian. Budd earned a B.A. with Phi Beta Kappa honors and an M.A. from the University of Missouri. He served from 1942 to 1945 in the U.S. Air Force and then received his Ph.D. in 1949 from the University of Wisconsin, completing the PhD under the GI Bill. Budd spent the majority of his academic career at Duke University, teaching there from 1952 until his retirement in 1991. He was a member of the Mark Twain Society of America.
Budd married Isabelle Amelia Marx in 1945. The couple had two children, and remained married until Isabelle's death in 2006. Budd died in Patagonia, Arizona at the age of 89.
Publications
Budd's publications included two monographs on Twain, Mark Twain: Social Philosopher (an account of Twain's social and political views) in 1962 and Our Mark Twain: The Making of His Public Personality in 1983. The many publications and papers of Louis J. Budd are archived in the library of Duke University.
Awards and grants
Budd was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in 1965–66, a Fulbright grant, and the 1998 Jay B. Hubbell medal from the Modern Language Association. He received a National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Fellowship in 1979–80.
References
Category:Fulbright Scholars
Category:Guggenheim Fellows
Category:National Endowment for the Arts Fellows
Category:1921 births
Category:2010 deaths
Category:American literary historians
Category:Writers from St. Louis
Category:Duke University faculty
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
George Cain
George Cain (October 27, 1943 – October 23, 2010) was an African-American author who is renowned for writing Blueschild Baby, a semi-autobiographical novel published in 1970. The book is about the life of a drug user who finally overcomes his addiction. Cain was himself a drug user but, unlike the character in his novel, he never overcame his addiction nor went on to write another book.
Born on October 27, 1943, as George Maurice Hopkins, he would adopt the pen name Africa Cain, later choosing to use his original first name. He grew up in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan and moved with his family to Teaneck, New Jersey after graduating from the McBurney School, which he attended on scholarship. His basketball skills earned him a scholarship at Iona College, but he dropped out as a junior and headed to the American Southwest. While in Mexico he was charged and sentenced to six months in jail for possession of marijuana.
After completing his sentence he moved to Brooklyn and started writing Blueschild Baby. George Cain's representative character in the book starts using drugs in high school, which starts his descent into the drug world, following the death of a favorite grandmother in a fire. The George Cain in the book finally finds his way and stops using drugs, but Cain himself had his life destroyed by drugs. The book describes how Cain's middle-class parents moving to the suburbs only to find themselves "surrounded, hounded and harassed by the white mob". Reviewer Addison Gayle, Jr., of The New York Times called the book "the most important work of fiction by an Afro-American since Native Son", describing "a world that only black people can fully comprehend", written in "a language that abounds in colorful in-group symbols and metaphors".
Despite favorable responses to the book, he never completed a planned sequel to his debut book and as described by his ex-wife Jo Lynne Pool he "had a lot of friends from the street, and they were going down", and he went down along with them, his life and family falling apart.
Cain died at the age of 66 on October 23, 2010, in Manhattan due to complications of kidney disease. He was survived by two daughters, a son and five grandchildren.
References
Category:1943 births
Category:2010 deaths
Category:African-American writers
Category:McBurney School alumni
Category:Writers from New Jersey
Category:Deaths from kidney disease
Category:Iona College (New York) alumni
Category:Writers from Brooklyn
Category:People from Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan
Category:People from Teaneck, New Jersey
Category:Deaths from kidney failure | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Thurza
Thurza is an English female given name which had some currency in the 1800s and is now extremely rare. It is alternatively spelled Thirza. Origins-Old testament Book of Numbers 28, Tirzah, meaning delightful and pleasantness. Scottish Gaelic Thursa 'The shining one'. Thurza was fashionable until the middle 1950s.
People with this name include:
Cornilia Thurza Crosby, a Maine hunting guide.
Thirza Petty, the name of both the wife and daughter of John Petty
Category:English feminine given names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Patricia Sullivan
Patricia Sullivan may refer to:
Patricia A. Sullivan (chancellor), former chancellor of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Patricia A. Sullivan, lawyer who assisted captives held in extrajudicial detention at Guantanamo -- Guantanamo Bay attorneys
Patty Sullivan (born 1968), Canadian actress and television host
Patricia Sullivan (politician), former congressional candidate and leader of the Tea Party movement in Florida
See also
Patricia O'Sullivan, World War II spy
Patrick Sullivan (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Adictiva
"Adictiva" is a song by Puerto Rican rappers Daddy Yankee and Anuel AA. It was released through El Cartel Records on November 9, 2018, and reached the top five in Spain and the top 10 on the US Hot Latin Songs chart. After announcing the song, the music video was released hours later on November 7, 2018, preceding the song's release to streaming platforms.
Critical reception
Rolling Stone noted that the song attempts to "channel" the track "Te Boté".
Charts
See also
List of Billboard Argentina Hot 100 top-ten singles in 2019
References
Category:2018 singles
Category:2018 songs
Category:Daddy Yankee songs
Category:Anuel AA songs
Category:Spanish-language songs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Allan Brown (footballer)
Allan Duncan Brown (12 October 1926 – 20 April 2011) was a Scottish football player and manager. Brown played as an inside forward for East Fife, Blackpool, Luton Town, Portsmouth and Wigan Athletic. He also represented Scotland, scoring six goals in 14 international appearances, and the Scottish League. Brown was player/manager of Wigan Athletic, and also managed Luton Town, Torquay United, Bury, Nottingham Forest, Southport and Blackpool.
Playing career
Brown, who was born in Kennoway, Fife, started his professional playing career at East Fife, joining them in 1944 from his local side Kennoway. Brown made 62 league appearance for the Fifers, scoring 20 goals as well as numerous cup appearances. He left in December 1950.
Brown made his full Scotland debut whilst with East Fife in April 1950, a 3–1 win over Switzerland at Hampden Park. This was followed in the same season by two further games away to Portugal and France, as well as helping his club team win the League Cup.
Brown moved to Blackpool for a fee of £26,500 (then the largest fee received by a Scottish club), joining compatriots Jackie Mudie, Ewan Fenton, Hugh Kelly and goalkeeper George Farm, where he earned the nickname Bomber. At Blackpool he enjoyed success; however, he missed the Seasiders' 1951 FA Cup Final appearance after injuring his knee ten days earlier. He also missed the famous 1953 FA Cup Final victory after breaking his leg whilst scoring an 88th-minute winner in the quarter-final against Arsenal on 28 February 1953. On 22 October 1955, Brown was placed on the transfer list of his own volition, reportedly telling club manager Joe Smith he would "only sign for a Scottish club [...] I want to get back over the Border". Brown was inducted into the Hall of Fame at Bloomfield Road, when it was officially opened by former Blackpool player Jimmy Armfield in April 2006. Organised by the Blackpool Supporters Association, Blackpool fans around the world voted on their all-time heroes. Five players from each decade are inducted; Brown is in the 1950s.
While at Blackpool, Brown won a further eleven international caps, scoring against Wales at both the start of the 1952–53 and 1953–54 seasons. Brown was selected for the 22-man squad for the 1954 World Cup finals. The Scottish FA decided to take only 13 of the 22 to the finals. Brown was among those who travelled. Brown's final two games came in the finals against Austria and Uruguay.
Brown moved to Luton Town in February 1957, for a fee of £8,000, scoring on his league debut at Leeds. He scored five goals in the Hatters' successful 1958–59 FA Cup run, including scoring the only goal in their sixth-round victory over his former club, Blackpool. He at last played in a Wembley final, as Luton lost 2–1 to Nottingham Forest in the 1959 FA Cup Final. He scored 51 goals in 151 league appearances for Luton.
Brown moved to Portsmouth in March 1961.
Managerial career
In August 1963, Brown joined then non-league Wigan Athletic as player-manager, replacing Johnny Ball. He remained at Wigan until July 1966. In November 1966, he returned to Luton, this time as manager of a side struggling in the Fourth Division. He soon changed the fortunes of the Hatters, leading them to the Fourth Division title in 1968. They started the next season promisingly (and were eventually to finish in third place); however, Brown was sacked in December 1968 after it was discovered he had applied for the vacant managerial post at Leicester City. Brown's departure from Luton is memorialized at the 47:51 mark of "On Her Majesty’s Secret Service", when the character Campbell can be seen reading a newspaper with the prominent headline "Why Brown had to go".
He was not out of work for long, joining Torquay United as manager in January 1969. He kept the Gulls comfortably in Division Three during his first two-and-a-half seasons in charge (finishes of sixth, thirteenth and tenth), but after a poor start to the 1971–72 season, he was sacked in October 1971. Torquay would eventually be relegated later that season.
On 20 June 1972, Brown became manager of Bury, leading them to twelfth place in Division Four at the end of his first season in charge. The following season, 1973–74, Bury started brightly, and would eventually be promoted in fourth place; Brown, however, had left on 19 November 1973, to manage Nottingham Forest, and took them to seventh place by the end of the season. The following season, Forest started badly and Brown upset the fans by selling Duncan McKenzie to Brian Clough's Leeds United. He was sacked on 3 January 1975, shortly after a 2–0 home defeat to local rivals Notts County. Clough replaced Brown at Forest.
On 5 May 1976, Brown was appointed manager of another of his former playing clubs, Blackpool, who at the time were in the Second Division. The following season saw them battle for promotion and eventually finish in fifth place, missing out on a return to Division One by two points. During the next season the club were again challenging for promotion, but after an argument with chairman Billy Cartmell, on 6 February 1978 Brown was sacked. Cartmell had made remarks in a daily newspaper about Brown's job being on the line despite five-goal home wins in recent games, to which Brown responded by calling the chairman a "back-stabbing rat", which the board felt was unacceptable. After his departure, Blackpool won only one more game, dropped down the table, and were narrowly relegated at the end of the season.
Later that year he moved to Kuwait to manage Quadsia, but returned to manage Blackpool in March 1981 as a replacement for Alan Ball; however, he was unable to prevent their relegation to Division Four for the first time in their history. The following season saw a mid-table finish, and Brown left Blackpool in May 1982.
Death
Brown died on 20 April 2011, at the age of 84. A wreath was laid behind the South Stand goal before the fixture between Blackpool and Newcastle United at Bloomfield Road three days after his death.
Honours
As a player
East Fife
Scottish League Cup winner: 1949–50
As a manager
Luton Town
Division Four championship: 1967–68
References
Sources
External links
Brown in East Fife history
Brown at Forest
1959 FA Cup 6th Rd scorer for Luton
Brown at Wigan
Allan Brown at Blackpool
Brown in the Blackpool Supporters Association Hall of Fame
Category:1926 births
Category:2011 deaths
Category:Sportspeople from Fife
Category:Scottish footballers
Category:Scotland international footballers
Category:Blackpool F.C. players
Category:East Fife F.C. players
Category:Luton Town F.C. players
Category:Portsmouth F.C. players
Category:Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Category:Scottish football managers
Category:Blackpool F.C. managers
Category:Bury F.C. managers
Category:Luton Town F.C. managers
Category:Nottingham Forest F.C. managers
Category:Southport F.C. managers
Category:Torquay United F.C. managers
Category:Wigan Athletic F.C. managers
Category:1954 FIFA World Cup players
Category:Scottish Football League players
Category:Scottish Football League representative players
Category:English Football League players
Category:English Football League managers
Category:Association football inside forwards | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of newspapers in Singapore
The following is a list of newspapers in Singapore.
In circulation
There are a total of eighteen newspapers in active circulation today, of which three are distributed for free. Some of these also carry supplementary tabloid pull-outs sold together with the main spreadsheet, such as Digital Life, Mind Your Body, and Urban, which are distributed together with The Straits Times.
Defunct papers
The Singapore Tiger Standard, an English morning daily accused as "anti-Merdeka" by S. Rajaratnam, closed in 1959 after the People's Action Party came to power.
In 1971, the government crackdown on newspapers perceived to be under foreign influence or with subversive tendencies saw the closing of The Eastern Sun and The Singapore Herald. Editorial executives of Nanyang Siang Pau, which was accused of propagating Chinese ethnic chauvinism, had been ordered detained without trial for a period of at least two years, and publication of the Chinese daily was briefly halted.
English language
Eastern Sun (closed in 1971 for allegation on receiving money from communist intelligence from Hong Kong)
New Nation
Pravasi Express (bilingual paper, in Malayalam and English)
Project Eyeball (folded on 1 January 2002, less than two years after its release)
Singapore Herald (closed in 1971)
Singapore Monitor
Singapore Tiger Standard or Singapore Standard (1950-1959)
Streats (merged with Today on 1 January 2005)
Weekend TODAY
"My Paper" (merged with "The New Paper" on 1 December 2016)
Chinese language
Chong Shing Chinese Daily Newspaper (中興日報) – established on 20 August 1907; disestablished in 1910. The newspaper was founded and operated by members of the Tongmenghui and was aimed at promoting the 1911 Xinhai Revolution in China. The members responsible for the newspaper were Tan Chor Lam, Teo Eng Hock and Chan Po-yin. The daily distribution involved 1,000 copies.
Friday Weekly (星期5周报) – established on 22 February 1991; disestablished on 7 January 2009 as zbCOMMA
Nanyang Siang Pau (南洋商报) – established on 6 September 1923; disestablished on 16 March 1983 as Lianhe Zaobao and Lianhe Wanbao
Sin Chew Jit Poh (星洲日报) – established on 15 January 1929; disestablished on 16 March 1983 as Lianhe Zaobao and Lianhe Wanbao
See also
Censorship in Singapore
Communications in Singapore
Media of Singapore
References
Singapore
*
Newspapers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Flore Vandenhoucke
Flore Vandenhoucke (born 15 March 1995) is a Belgian badminton player.
Achievements
BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
BWF Future Series tournament
References
External links
Category:1995 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Ronse
Category:Belgian female badminton players
Category:Badminton players at the 2015 European Games
Category:Badminton players at the 2019 European Games
Category:European Games competitors for Belgium | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
24th Golden Raspberry Awards
The 24th Golden Raspberry Awards, or Razzies, were held on February 28, 2004 at the Sheraton Hotel in Santa Monica, California to honor the worst films the film industry had to offer in 2003.
Late summer box office bomb Gigli led the pack, receiving nine nominations and becoming the first film to sweep the six major categories (Worst Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, Screenplay, and Screen Couple). Tied for second most-nominated, with eight each, were the Mike Myers holiday film The Cat in the Hat and From Justin to Kelly, a remake of Where the Boys Are inspired by the television series American Idol. As with Bill Cosby on the 8th Golden Raspberry Awards and Tom Selleck on the 13th Golden Raspberry Awards, respectively, Ben Affleck did not attend the ceremony, he later not giving the Worst Actor trophy on the radio, and buy/accept the award on Larry King Live and the Razzie trophy used to rent the Ivar Theater for the 25th Golden Raspberry Awards the next year.
Winners and nominees
See also
2003 in film
76th Academy Awards
57th British Academy Film Awards
61st Golden Globe Awards
10th Screen Actors Guild Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards
Category:Golden Raspberry Awards ceremonies
Golden Raspberry
Category:2004 in American cinema
Category:February 2004 events in the United States
Golden Raspberry | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Les Deux Rives
École des Deux-Rives is a French first language school located in Mission, British Columbia, Canada.
External links
http://deuxrives.csf.bc.ca/
http://www.achievebc.ca/spt/school.aspx?id=9375920
Category:Elementary schools in British Columbia
Category:French-language schools in British Columbia
Category:High schools in British Columbia
Category:Educational institutions with year of establishment missing | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Adam Ozeri
Adam Ozeri (born March 7, 1998) is an American professional soccer player who plays as an attacking midfielder for Ferro Carril Oeste.
Club career
Ozeri started his youth career in his homeland with Manhattan Kickers, before switching to TSF Academy soon after. Ozeri would eventually head to Spain with Cornellà, notably finishing as top goalscorer in 2014 for the U15s of the Catalonia-based club. After leaving Cornellà, Ozeri headed to Argentina with Racing Club. After time in their youth, he moved over to Banfield's system. In mid-2016, Ozeri was signed by Peru's Alianza Lima; though would see no senior action. In 2017, Ozeri sealed a return to Argentina with Ferro Carril Oeste. February 2019 saw Ozeri depart on loan to Brazilian Série D outfit Boavista.
After featuring four times, including twice against Gaúcho, for Boavista, Ozeri went back to Ferro Carril Oeste ahead of the 2019–20 campaign in Primera B Nacional. His first appearance subsequently arrived, as he played the full duration of a 2–1 defeat away to Estudiantes on September 13.
International career
2014 saw Ozeri participate in training camps with both Israel and the United States at youth level. In August 2016, Ozeri was called up to the latter's U19s by Brad Friedel for the subsequent month's Stevan Vilotic Tournament in Subotica, Serbia. He also made Friedel's squad for a training camp in the succeeding November.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
Category:1998 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from New York City
Category:American soccer players
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:American expatriate soccer players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Category:Expatriate footballers in Brazil
Category:American expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Category:American expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Category:Campeonato Brasileiro Série D players
Category:Primera B Nacional players
Category:Ferro Carril Oeste footballers
Category:Boavista Sport Club players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dog fennel
Dog fennel, dog-fennel, or dogfennel is a common name for several plants and may refer to:
Anthemis cotula, an annual plant up to about 60 cm tall, native to Europe and North Africa but naturalized in other parts of the world as well
Chamaemelum
Eupatorium capillifolium, a perennial plant up to about 2 m tall, native to eastern North America
See also
Dysodiopsis, false dogfennel | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1950 Albi Grand Prix
The 1950 Albi Grand Prix (officially known as XII Circuit de l'Albigeois) was a non-championship Formula One Grand Prix held on 16 July 1950. It was the fourteenth Grand Prix of the year, counting both championship and non-championship races.
The race was contested over two heats of 17 laps after which the times were aggregated. The winner was Louis Rosier in a Talbot-Lago after finishing third and second in respectively Heat 1 and Heat 2. José Froilán González finished second in a Maserati 4CLT-48 and Maurice Trintignant came in third in a Simca-Gordini T15.
Entries
Qualifying results
Race results
Heat 1
Heat 2
Overall
References
oldracingcars.com – Grand Prix d'Albi, 16 Jul 1950
1950 Non-World Championship Grands Prix – XII Circuit de l'Albigeois
Albi Grand Prix
Category:1950 in French motorsport
Category:Motorsport in France | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Birur (disambiguation)
Birur may refer to:
Concepts
Birur (Kabbalah) (Beirur/Birurim), in Lurianic Kabbalah Jewish mysticism, "sifting" of physicality to redeem sparks of holiness
Places
Birur, town in Chikkamagaluru district in the state of Karnataka, India | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Offensive Fouls
Offensive Fouls is a Canadian play about racism written for young adults, for use in secondary schools. It was written by Jason Long.
History and plot
The play premiered in 1999 and was initially produced by All Nations Theatre, the organization that commissioned Long to write the play. Hustle n' Bustle Theatre made its debut with the play in 2011. There are only two characters in the play: Joey, a 17-year-old Irish-Canadian basketball player; and Christine, his Chinese-Canadian girlfriend. The plot follows Joey as he is benched from his basketball team after Christine suspects that he was involved in a racially motivated corner-store vandalism incident. Offensive Fouls is intended for an adolescent audience.
Reception
The play was written for performances in secondary schools, and has been performed throughout Alberta. Performances have also been held in Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Neptune Theatre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, as well as in Winnipeg. It was performed in Edmonton, Alberta as recently as 2011.
The dialogue has been praised for presenting "teenagers who really sound like teenagers.”
The play was nominated for a Dora Mavor Moore Award.
One reviewer remarked, "It’s not often the public gets a chance to see “what they’re teaching the kids these days,” so when you do, it behooves us to pay attention because the target audience will be calling the shots before too long."
Offensive Fouls was published in a collection of Canadian plays for young adults titled Things That Go Bump in 2009.
References
Category:1999 plays
Category:Anti-racism in Canada
Category:Basketball in Canada
Category:Basketball media
Category:Canadian plays
Category:Crime drama plays
Category:Plays about race and ethnicity
Category:Plays set in Canada
Category:Works about racism | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Edward Iwi
Edward Frank Iwi (28 November 19046 June 1966) was an English lawyer who was best known as an amateur constitutional expert. Many of his opinions, while initially dismissed by the establishment, proved to be correct and caused official policy to be changed. Most notable, though not a legal point, was his advocacy for the Royal Family to adopt Prince Philip's surname of Mountbatten in lieu of Windsor, in order that any royal children born after Queen Elizabeth II's accession in 1952 would not bear their mother’s pre-marriage surname, which he termed "the Badge of Bastardy".
Biography
Edward Iwi was born on 28 November 1904 to a Jewish family in London and educated at John Bright Grammar School, Llandudno, north Wales. In 1913 his widowed mother married Morris Wartski.
Iwi was admitted as a solicitor in 1927, and served as a Law Society examiner from 1938 to 1962.
He was an indefatigable writer to the Editor of The Times, usually on anomalies in the law that had been overlooked.
In 1937 Iwi called for the creation of a Commonwealth Court, which would replace the judicial functions of the House of Lords and become the court of final appeal in UK cases rather than the Privy Council. During World War II he was calling for each Dominion to create its own Judicial Committee.
In 1938 he was a co-author of The Courts of Justice: Volume 1 of Stephen's Commentaries on the laws of England.
He sent a confidential letter to Herbert Morrison, Home Secretary in Winston Churchill's wartime government, suggesting that the then Princess Elizabeth be made "Duke of Cymru" to create a focus of loyalty for the people of north Wales, who were considered not entirely wedded to the British cause. He also suggested the Princess be appointed Constable of Caernarfon Castle. Iwi pointed to a nationalist movement in north Wales that showed signs of emulating or even joining the Irish republican movement. Indeed, some of the more extreme members were already calling for Wales to be given dominion status. Iwi's suggestions came to nothing.
After World War II, Iwi helped with legal issues surrounding Jewish children who were in the custody of non-Jewish carers, and helped to return these children to the Jewish fold.
In 1947 Iwi chaired a pressure group that collected 50,000 signatures on a petition to be presented to Parliament pleading for women to be able to sit in the House of Lords. This petition was never presented, because in 1949, for the first time, the House of Lords voted in favour of a motion to admit female hereditary peers (although they did not finally gain the right until 1963), but he did participate in another petition that was presented to the House of Lords on 2 March 1948.
In the 1950s he called for Britain to adopt a new approach to the Commonwealth, to abandon her role as matriarch in favour of a sisterly role.
In 1956 he published a selection of essays titled Laws and Flaws: Lapses of the Legislators.
Royal surname
On 9 April 1952, two months after Princess Elizabeth became Queen Elizabeth II, she had declared that the royal family would continue to be known as the "House and Family of Windsor", as it had been under her father King George VI. This declaration was made on the urging of the then prime minister, Winston Churchill, who had long regarded the Duke of Edinburgh's uncle, Lord Mountbatten, as a dangerous and subversive rival who had sacrificed India, and did not want to see that name become the royal family's name.
In 1959 the Queen announced she was pregnant (with Prince Andrew) and was due to give birth in February 1960. This would be the first child born to the Queen since her 1952 declaration. In September 1959 Edward Iwi wrote to the then Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan and to Buckingham Palace, about the name of the Royal Family. Iwi set out his concern as follows:
There was strong reaction to Iwi's letter. The Lord Chancellor Lord Kilmuir told Macmillan: "This is in very bad taste. Iwi must be silenced... he might go quietly."
Sir George Coldstream, Lord Kilmuir's private secretary, advised 10 Downing Street:
Accordingly, Macmillan attempted to rebuff Iwi:
But Iwi was not easily put off. He responded to Macmillan on 17 November 1959:
(Here he may have had in mind a sermon latterly given by Thomas Bloomer, Bishop of Carlisle which, while not mentioning Iwi by name, seemed to give support to his cause.)
There were further exchanges between Macmillan and Iwi, with no resolution, until January 1960, when the Prime Minister was on an official visit to South Africa. Rab Butler reported to Macmillan that at his first audience with the Queen in his capacity as acting prime minister, she had advised him that she had "absolutely set her heart" on a change to the royal surname. On 8 February, the Queen made a new declaration saying that she had adopted "Mountbatten-Windsor" as the name for all her descendants who did not enjoy the style of Royal Highness. Iwi was vindicated. Prince Andrew was born 11 days later, on 19 February 1960.
On 18 March, The Law Journal contained an article by Iwi entitled "Mountbatten-Windsor", explaining something of the history of the royal family's surname and why it had been appropriate for the Queen to have made the declaration she had latterly made.
Private life
In 1929 Iwi was engaged to Esther Sacker. Esther Iwi was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1949. In 1951 she resigned as a magistrate at her own request, and became involved in a dispute with the Lord Chancellor, which reached Parliament.
In 1955 he retired as a Member of the Council of the Anglo-Jewish Association. He was again elected, and retired in 1962.
Edward Iwi died in an accident in Venice, Italy on 6 June 1966, aged 61.
See also
History of Plaid Cymru
References
Category:1904 births
Category:1966 deaths
Category:English lawyers
Category:English legal writers
Category:English Jews
Category:Constitution of the United Kingdom
Category:English constitutionalists
Category:British royal family
Category:House of Windsor
Category:Accidental deaths in Italy
Category:20th-century English historians
Category:20th-century English lawyers
Category:People educated at Ysgol John Bright | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lucas Lezcano
Lucas Lezcano (born 9 July 1999) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Chacarita Juniors.
Career
Lezcano's career started with Chacarita Juniors. His first-team bow arrived in July 2017 in the Copa Argentina against Guillermo Brown, with the forward replacing Yefri Reyes after eighty-three minutes of a 1–0 defeat. He made his professional league debut during an Argentine Primera División home match with Temperley on 27 April 2018, which was one of three appearances in the club's relegation campaign of 2017–18.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
Category:1999 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Province
Category:Argentine footballers
Category:Association football forwards
Category:Argentine Primera División players
Category:Primera B Nacional players
Category:Chacarita Juniors footballers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sissiboo Falls, Nova Scotia
Sissiboo Falls is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in The Municipality of the District of Digby in Digby County .
References
Sissiboo Falls on Destination Nova Scotia
Category:Communities in Digby County, Nova Scotia
Category:General Service Areas in Nova Scotia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
MV Al Salmy 4
The MV Al Salmy 4 is a former train ferry, converted to RO-RO/Passenger ferry, owned by SAMC.
Built in 1974 as the Chartres for SNCF. Chartered by the French Government during the First Gulf War, it was eventually sold by SNCF in 1993 to Agapitos Express Ferries and renamed Express Santorini. Sold to Minoan Flying Dolphins in 1999, and then transferred to Hellenic Seaways in 2005, the ship operated charters from 2007 to 2014 within the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores with Atlântico Line. She was sold to Portucalence Shipping in 2014, and then was sold to Emirati company SAMC in 2016, taking the name Al Salmy 4.
History
Chartres
The Chartres was one of three Sealink multipurpose train ferries built in the early 1970s, complimenting the British Rail's Vortigern and the Saint Eloi of Sealink UK's French subsidiary ALA. The Chartres was built in Nantes by Dubigeon-Normandie S.A. (later Chantiers Dubigeon S.A.) in 1974 for SNCF (French Railways) operations between Dover-Dunkerque and passenger service between Dover-Calais. Although the three ships were similar, there were small structural differences that included size of windows and design of funnels.
The Chartres was delivered to SNCF on 9 January 1974 and visited Boulogne, Calais and Dunkerque on 15 February. Chartres entered service on the Dunkerque-Dover route on 25 February. She was christened at Calais on 6 March 1973.
Launched on 12 September 1973, the Chartres briefly operated train ferry operations and was quickly transferred to Dieppe. From 1973, Chartres operated as a car and passenger ferry on the Boulogne-Dover and Calais-Dover routes during the summer; and as a train ferry on the Dunkerque-Dover route during the winter. In 1975-76, she was operated on the Dieppe-Newhaven routes between 1983 and 1990.
It continued to service the English Channel until the summer of 1990, along the Dover-Calais route, on behalf of ALA from her berth at Dover's Western Docks. Sold to the Isle of Man Steam Packet line, it replaced the Saint Eloi (which had been rechristened the Channel Entente). In this role it operated cross-channel passenger service until the end of the 1993 season. Following the opening of the Channel Tunnel train ferry service ceased from the Dover Western Docks and Nord pas-de-Calais ceased, and it began to operate passenger traffic. Chartres collided with the Calais pilot boat Louis Magniez in 1978.
Chartres operated on the Dieppe - Newhaven route from 29 May 1982. She was placed into service on the Dunkerque - Dover route in 1986 and again in 1988. On 25 January 1990, Chartres collided with the breakwater at Dieppe and was severely damaged. She was repaired at Rouen and re-entered service on 3 June on the Calais - Dover route. Due to a blockade of Calais later that month, Chartres operated on the Boulogne - Dover route before spending the last week of June on the Zeebrugge - Dover route. In October, she was switched to the Boulogne - Folkestone route. Chartres was chartered by the French Government in December for use as a troopship during the First Gulf War. She operated between Toulon and Yanbu, Saudi Arabia until June 1991. On return from trooping duties, she was chartered by Angleterre-Lorraine-Alsace, the French subsidiary of Sealink. During the winter of 1991-92, she operated on the Dún Laoghaire - Holyhead route. In May 1993, she was placed in service on the Calais - Dover route, making her final voyages on 24 September.
Express Santorini
The vessel was acquired by Agapitos Express Ferries on 5 November 1993, and renamed the Express Santorini. It departed from Calais for Piraeus on 21 December, where there was a minor change in the ships livery following the takeover. From 1994, she operated the Piraeus-Paros-Naxos-Ios-Santorini route. On 8 November 1999, Express Santorini was sold to Minoan Flying Dolphins and was operated under the brand of Hellas Ferries, which remained unchanged following a 2000 rename of the mother company to Hellas Flying Dolphins. She operated on the Piraeus-Paros-Naxos-Ios-Santorini route.
But, in 2005 while still operating on the same route, Hellas Flying Dolphins adopted the Hellenic Seaways name, and the ferry appeared in a revised blue hull colours.
For technical reasons, in July 2006 it was laid-up in Drapetsona, following a major engine failure in June.
Beginning in the summer of 2007, the Express Santorini was chartered by Atlantico Line to operate in the Azores between the islands of Faial, Pico and Sao Jorge, until 30 September. Alternately, during the winter season, it continued to Piraeus where it operated local services. Following a further period laid up at Drapetsona, Express Santorini was again chartered by Atlantico Line between June and September 2008; she was also chartered between May and October from 2009 to 2014. That year she was sold to Portucalence Shipping and remained in service in the Azores until the fall of 2016, when she was sold to Emirati company SAMC, taking the name Al Salmy 4.
Description
The ship is long, with a beam of and a draught of . She was assessed at – now 7,821 gt, on completion, and powered by two Pielstick 16PC2V400 diesel engines producing .
References
Category:1973 ships
Category:Ships built in France
Category:Train ferries
Category:Merchant ships of France
Category:Maritime incidents in 1990
Category:Troop ships of France
Category:Merchant ships of Greece
Category:Ferries of Greece
Category:Transport in the Azores
Category:Merchant ships of Dubai
Category:Passenger ships of Dubai
Category:Ships built by Chantiers Dubigeon | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1998 Wyoming gubernatorial election
The Wyoming gubernatorial election of 1998 took place on November 3, 1998. Incumbent Republican Jim Geringer ran successfully for re-election to a second term as Governor of Wyoming, defeating Democratic nominee John Vinich.
Republican primary
Candidates
Jim Geringer, incumbent Governor
Bill Taliaferro, rancher
Democratic primary
Candidates
Keith Goodenough, State Senator
Phil Roberts, attorney and professor at the University of Wyoming
John Vinich, State Senator
Results
References
Wyoming
1998
Gubernatorial | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Viviani's curve
In mathematics, Viviani's curve, also known as Viviani's window, is a figure eight shaped space curve named after the Italian mathematician Vincenzo Viviani. It is the intersection of a sphere with a cylinder that is tangent to the sphere and passes through the center of the sphere (see diagram). Before Viviani this curve was studied by Simon de La Loubère and Gilles de Roberval..
The projection of Viviani's curve onto a plane perpendicular to the line through the crossing point and the sphere center is the lemniscate of Gerono.
In 1692 Viviani tackled the task: Cut out of a half sphere (radius ) two windows, such that the remaining surface (of the half sphere) can be squared, i.e. a square with the same area can be constructed using only compasses and ruler. His solution has an area of (see below).
Equations
In order to keep the proof for squaring simple,
the sphere has the equation
and
the cylinder is upright with equation .
The cylinder has radius and is tangent to the sphere at point
Properties of the curve
Floor plan, elevation and side plan
Elimination of , , respectively yields:
The orthogonal projection of the intersection curve onto the
--plane is the circle with equation
--plane the parabola with equation
--plane the algebraic curve with the equation
Parametric representation
Representing the sphere by
and setting yields the curve
One easily checks, that the spherical curve fulfills the equation of the cylinder. But the boundaries allow only the red part (see diagram) of Viviani's curve. The missing second half (green) has the property
With help of this parametric representation it is easy to proof the statement: The area of the half sphere (containing Viviani's curve) minus the area of the two windows is :
Squaring
The area of the upper right part of Viviani's window (see diagram) can be calculated by a integration:
Hence the total area of the spherical surface included by Viviani's curve is and
the area of the half sphere () minus the area of Viviani's window is , the area of a square with the sphere's diameter as the length of an edge.
Relation to other curves
The 8-shaped elevation (see above) is a Lemniscate of Gerono.
Viviani' curve is a special Clelia curve. For a Clelia curve the relation between the angles is
Subtracting 2× the cylinder equation from the sphere's equation and applying completing the square leads to the equation
which describes a right circular cone with its apex at
, the double point of Viviani's curve. Hence
Viviani's curve can be considered not only as the intersection curve of a sphere and a cylinder but also as
a) the intersection of a sphere and a cone and as
b) the intersection of a cylinder and a cone.
See also
Sphere-cylinder intersection
References
External links
Berger, Marcel: Geometry. II. Translated from the French by M. Cole and S. Levy. Universitext. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.
Berger, Marcel: Geometry. I. Translated from the French by M. Cole and S. Levy. Universitext. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1987. xiv+428 pp.
Category:Curves
Category:Spherical geometry | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Brandon Oakes
Brandon Oakes is a Canadian/American actor from Akwesasne. He is most noted for his role in the film Through Black Spruce, for which he received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actor at the 7th Canadian Screen Awards in 2019.
He has also had roles in the films Rhymes for Young Ghouls, The Saver , Blood Quantum and Togo , and the television series Arctic Air, Saving Hope, Cardinal, Bad Blood, Diggstown and Anne with an E.
References
External links
Category:Canadian male film actors
Category:Canadian male stage actors
Category:Canadian male television actors
Category:First Nations male actors
Category:Living people
Category:Mohawk people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Carlana
Carlana is a genus of freshwater fises in the family Characidae. It contains the single species Carlana eigenmanni, which is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama. The average length of an unsexed male is about 5.4 cm (2.1 in) long.
C. eigenmanni is found in freshwater environments in Central America in the Pacific and Atlantic drainages from Nicaragua to Panama. This species specifically lives close to the shoreline, river backwaters, and motionless region of habitats. They can be found near vegetation. They feed mainly on algae and sometimes on aquatic insects.
References
Notes
Category:Characidae
Category:Monotypic fish genera
Category:Fish of Central America
Category:Fish of Panama
Category:Fish described in 1912 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
North Dakota Pipeline Company system
The North Dakota Pipeline Company (NDPL) system is a 950-mile (1530 km) crude oil pipeline system that collects oil from fields in the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota and transports it eastward to other pipeline systems that carry oil to refineries in the Midwest.
In addition to collecting oil from wells in the United States, it also connects to a Canadian pipeline system owned by Enbridge at North Dakota's border with Saskatchewan. The American pipeline is owned by Enbridge Energy Partners, LP, an organization partly owned by the Canadian company.
The pipeline's eastern terminus is in Clearbrook, Minnesota where there is a junction with Enbridge's Lakehead System and the Minnesota Pipeline (ultimately owned by Koch Industries).
System lines
NDPC system
Line 81
Line 82
Line 83
Line 84
Line 85
Line 85A
Line 86
Line 87
Line 88
Sandpiper pipeline (proposed)
Interconnect system
Line 26
External links
Enbridge Energy Partners liquid pipeline map for North Dakota Pipeline Company, LLC
References
Enbridge Energy Partners, L.P. Publicly Traded Partnerships Coalition.
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2008
Category:Transportation in Minnesota
Category:Transportation in Montana
Category:Transportation in North Dakota
Category:Energy infrastructure in North Dakota
Category:Energy infrastructure in Minnesota
Category:Energy infrastructure in Montana
Category:Crude oil pipelines in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Maria Cocuzza
Maria Cocuzza (born 23 July 1973) is an Italian gymnast. She competed in five events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1973 births
Category:Living people
Category:Italian female artistic gymnasts
Category:Olympic gymnasts of Italy
Category:Gymnasts at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Category:Sportspeople from Catania | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Conraua
Conraua is a genus of large frogs from sub-Saharan Africa. They are sometimes known as slippery frogs. Conraua is the only genus in the Conrauidae family. Alternatively, it may be placed in the Petropedetidae family.
This genus includes the largest frog of the world, Conraua goliath, which may grow to in snout–vent length and weigh as much as . Four of the six species in this genus are threatened.
Etymology
The name of the genus honours Gustav Conrau, a German trader and labour recruiter in Cameroon and the collector of the holotype of Conraua robusta, the type species of the genus.
Species
The recognized species are:
Conraua alleni
Conraua beccarii
Conraua crassipes
Conraua derooi Hulselmans, 1972
Conraua goliath (Boulenger, 1906) – goliath frog
Conraua robusta Nieden, 1908 – Cameroon slippery frog
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Conraua.
External links
References
Category:Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa
Category:Amphibian genera
Category:Taxa named by Fritz Nieden | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
San Luis Río Colorado Airport
San Luis Río Colorado Airport is an airport located at San Luis Río Colorado, a city in the state of Sonora in Mexico. The city is near the U.S.-Mexico border, on the opposite side of San Luis, Arizona. The airport is used solely for general aviation purposes.
Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 13/31 with an asphalt surface measuring .
References
External links
MM76 at Fallingrain.
MM76 at Elite Jets.
MM76 pic at Our Airports.
Category:Airports in Sonora
Category:San Luis Río Colorado Municipality, Sonora | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Distocambarus devexus
Distocambarus devexus is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Category:Cambaridae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Animals described in 1981 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu
Anthu Inthu Preethi Banthu is a 2008 Kannada film starring Aditya Babu and Ramya in lead roles. The film is a remake of the 2006 Telugu film Aadavari Matalaku Ardhale Verule, directed by Selvaraghavan, with Aditya Babu and Ramya replacing the lead couple, originally played by Venkatesh and Trisha Krishnan.
Cast
Aditya Babu as Shivu "Shiv prakash" (Voice dubbed by Dileep Raj)
Ramya as Preethi "Bhramarambike" (Voice dubbed by Deepa Bhaskar)
Harish Raj as Hari, Shivu's friend
Srinivasa Murthy as Sathya prakash, Shivu's father
Lokanath
Rangayana Raghu as Veerabhadra
Chitra Shenoy
Kuri Prathap as Sunil
Malathi Sardeshpande
Shashikala
Kishori Ballal
Ramesh Pandith as Neelakantha
Mandya Ramesh as Thimma
Rajashekhar Naidu
Madhu Hegde
Satya
Melkote
Vithika Sheru
Pakhi Hegde
Soundtrack
The soundtrack features 7 songs overall, out of which 4 songs were retained from the Original Telugu soundtrack, composed by noted Tamil music director Yuvan Shankar Raja, while the remaining 3 were composed by Gurukiran. Lyrics were written by Kaviraj and Hrudaya Shiva. The soundtrack was released on 22 May 2008.
See also
Yaaradi Nee Mohini, a Tamil remake of Aadavari Matalaku Ardhalu Verule
References
Category:2000s Kannada-language films
Category:2008 films
Category:Indian films
Category:Kannada remakes of Telugu films
Category:Films scored by Gurukiran
Category:Films featuring an item number | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alex Tachie-Mensah
Alexander Tachie-Mensah (born 15 February 1977 in Accra) is a former Ghanaian football striker and works currently as Head Coach of the Youth from FC Frauenfeld.
Career
Tachie-Mensah last played for FC St. Gallen and retired on 9 June 2009.
International
He is a member of the national team and was called up to the 2006 World Cup.
Coaching career
After his retirement, Tachie-Mensah became the Youth Head Coach of FC Frauenfeld, in August 2009.
References
External links
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:Ghanaian footballers
Category:Ghanaian expatriate footballers
Category:Ghana international footballers
Category:2006 FIFA World Cup players
Category:Sportspeople from Accra
Category:FC St. Gallen players
Category:Neuchâtel Xamax FCS players
Category:Swiss Super League players
Category:Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Category:Ebusua Dwarfs players
Category:2002 African Cup of Nations players
Category:Association football forwards | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
In the Raw (film)
In the Raw is a 2009 documentary film about Lubricated Goat's nude appearance on Australian TV.
In November 1988, Andrew Denton's Blah Blah Blah program caused a nationwide stir by allowing guitar group Lubricated Goat to perform on Australian Broadcasting Corporation TV completely naked. The resulting media frenzy jammed phone lines as the public debated this supposed decline in Australian media standards.
In The Raw dispels myths which have arisen as a result of Lubricated Goat's nude appearance by exposing the politics, censorship, and nudity of this event through extensive interviews with the members of the band, ABC Management, and the Blah Blah Blah production team. The project was directed by Cousin Creep and made for Happening Films of Melbourne, Australia.
In the Raw debuted on Friday 11 December, at the 19th Meredith Music Festival Outlands Ecoplex Cinema.
External links
In the Raw page
Director's In the Raw page
Category:2009 films
Category:Australian films
Category:Australian documentary films
Category:2000s documentary films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ola Antonson Holsen
Ola Antonson Holsen (1808–1864) was a Norwegian politician.
Originally a farmer and school teacher in Holsen, he was elected as a member of Førde municipality council from 1839 to 1859. He was also elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1845, 1848, 1851 and 1854.
References
Ola Antonson Holsen at NRK Sogn og Fjordane County Encyclopedia
Category:1808 births
Category:1864 deaths
Category:Members of the Storting
Category:Sogn og Fjordane politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mount Grace Land Conservation Trust
Mount Grace Land Conservation Trust, incorporated in 1986, is a non-profit organization whose mission is the conservation of woodland and agricultural land in north central and western Massachusetts. Based out of Athol, Massachusetts, the MGLCT is named after Mount Grace, a nearby monadnock. As of August 2016, the trust had protected 31,559 acres through the completion of 335 projects."
References
Category:Land trusts in Massachusetts
Category:Athol, Massachusetts | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Domestic slave trade
The domestic slave trade, also known as the Second Middle Passage and the interregional slave trade, was the term for the domestic trade of slaves within the United States that reallocated slaves across states during the antebellum period. It was most significant in the early to mid-19th century, when historians estimate one million slaves were taken in a forced migration from the Upper South: Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and the District of Columbia, to the territories and newly admitted states of the Deep South and the West Territories: Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas.
Economists say that transactions in the inter-regional slave market were driven primarily by differences in the marginal productivity of labor, which were based in the relative advantage between climates for the production of staple goods. The trade was strongly influenced by the invention of the cotton gin, which made short-staple cotton profitable for cultivation across large swathes of the upland Deep South (the Black Belt). Previously the commodity was based on long-staple cotton cultivated in coastal areas and the Sea Islands.
The disparity in productivity created arbitrage opportunities for traders to exploit, and it facilitated regional specialization in labor production. Due to a lack of data, particularly with regard to slave prices, land values, and export totals for slaves, the true effects of the domestic slave trade, on both the economy of the Old South and general migration patterns of slaves into southwest territories, remain uncertain. These have served as points of contention among economic historians.
Economics of the interregional slave trade
The internal slave trade among colonies emerged in 1760 as a source of labor in early America. In the early years, some colonists traded in Native Americans, but began to favor the use of imported slaves from Africa. Following the American Revolutionary War, expansion of settlement into areas west of the Appalachians, and the abolition of transatlantic slave trade in 1808, the domestic trade became increasingly important, especially as settlers flowed into the Deep South in the 19th century. Some people already established as planters took droves of slaves with them when they moved. Others bought slaves from regional markets to develop and staff plantations.
It is estimated that between 1790 and 1860 approximately 835,000 slaves were relocated to the American South (economists describe them as being "imported" from the Upper South, but they were being relocated within US territories.) Historians most widely use the figure of one million slaves relocated during this Middle Passage.
Analysis by Robert Fogel and Stanley Engelman suggested that 16 percent of the total migration of slaves was due to sale of slaves through domestic trade. Their conclusions were strongly criticized by other economists.
The biggest sources for the domestic slave trade were "exporting" states in the Upper South such as Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, and Kentucky. From these states most slaves were imported into South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas. Fogel and Engelman attribute the larger proportion of interregional slave migration (i.e. migration not due to slave trade) to movement as planters relocated their entire slave populations to the Deep South to develop new plantations or take over existing ones (in later years). The new lands in the South attracted many land hungry settlers.
Contributors to the growth of inter-regional slave trade
Historians who argue in favor of soil exhaustion as an explanation for slave importation into the Deep South posit that exporting states emerged as slave producers because of the transformation of agriculture in the Upper South. By the late 18th century, the coastal and Piedmont tobacco areas were being converted to mixed crops because of soil exhaustion and changing markets. Because of the deterioration of soil and an increase in demand for food products, states in the upper south shifted crop emphasis from tobacco to grain which required less slave labor. This decreased demand left states in the Upper South with an excess supply of labor.
With the forced Indian Removal by the US making new lands available in the Deep South, there was much higher demand there for workers to cultivate the labor-intensive sugar cane and cotton crops. The extensive development of cotton plantations created the highest demand for labor in the Deep South.
At the same time, the invention of the cotton gin in the late 18th century transformed short-staple cotton into a profitable crop that could be grown inland in the Deep South. Settlers pushed into the South, displacing the Five Civilized Tribes and other Native American groups. The cotton market had previously been dominated by the long-staple cotton cultivated primarily on the Sea Islands and in the coastal Lowcountry. The consequent boom in the cotton industry, coupled with the labor-intensive nature of the crop, created a need for slave labor in the Deep South that could be satisfied by excess supply further north.
The increased demand for labor in the Deep South pushed up the price of slaves in markets such as New Orleans, which became the fourth-largest city in the country based in part on profits from the slave trade and related businesses. The price differences between the Upper and Deep South created demand. Slave traders took advantage of this arbitrage opportunity by buying at lower prices in the Upper South and then selling slaves at a profit after taking or transporting them further south. Some scholars believe there was an increasing prevalence in the Upper South of "breeding" slaves for export. The proven reproductive capacity of enslaved women was advertised as selling point and a feature that increased value.
Although not as significant as the exportation of slaves to Deep South, farmers and land owners who needed to pay off loans increasingly used slaves as a cash substitute. This also contributed to the growth of the internal slave trade.
Estimates of slave prices, trader income, and alternative labor comparisons
Using an admittedly limited set of data from Ulrich Phillips (includes market data from Richmond, Charleston, mid-Georgia, and Louisiana), Robert Evans Jr. estimates that the average differential between slave prices in the Upper South and Deep South markets from 1830-1835 was $232. Although this differential deals only with price and does not account for transport costs and other operating costs (e.g. clothing, medical costs), the price gap displays a potential arbitrage opportunity (assuming costs were low enough).
Evans suggests that interstate slave traders earned a wage greater than that of an alternative profession in skilled mechanical trades. If skilled mechanical trades can be considered a reasonable alternative occupation for slave traders, then it appears that inter-regional slave traders are made better off, at least in monetary terms.
However, if slave traders possessed skills similar to those used in supervisory mechanics (e.g. skills used by a chief engineer), then slave traders received an income that was not greater than the one they would have received had they entered in an alternative profession. But most traders likely did not possess the skills of a railroad president or chief engineer.
Economic implications of the inter-regional slave trade on the Old South
Irish economic theorist John Elliot Cairnes suggested in his work The Slave Power that the inter-regional slave trade was a major component in ensuring the economic vitality of the Old South. Many economic historians, however, have since refuted the validity of this point. The general consensus seems to support Professor William L. Miller's claim that the inter-regional slave trade "did not provide the major part of the income of planters in the older states during any period."
The returns gained by traders from the sale price of slaves were offset by both the fall in the value of land, that resulted from the subsequent decrease in the marginal productivity of land, and the fall in the price of output, which occurred due to the increase in market size as given by westward expansion. Kotlikoff suggested that the net effect of the inter-regional slave trade on the economy of the Old South was negligible, if not negative. Speculators created slave trading companies which operated on both ends of the market, with firms such as Franklin and Armfield, based in Alexandria, Virginia, with offices in Louisiana, enjoying immense profits.
The profits realized through the sale and shipment of enslaved people were in turn reinvested in banking, railroads, and even colleges. A striking example of the connection between the domestic slave trade and higher education can be found in the 1838 sale of 272 slaves by Jesuits to Louisiana when Georgetown University was facing financial instability. The flow of slaves from the upper to lower south continued to run until the outbreak of the Civil War. Slaves were sold south even during the hostilities, as plantations, businesses and households continued to operate.
Economic historians have offered estimates for the annual revenue generated by the inter-regional slave trade for exporters that range from $3.75 to $6.7 million.
Effect of the inter-regional slave trade on westward migration
The primary issue that faces such analysis is determining the westward migration of the inter-regional slave trade from that incidental to the relocation of a slave's master.
Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman estimated that the slave trade accounted for 16 percent of the relocation of enslaved African Americans, in their work Time on the Cross. This estimate, however, was severely criticized for the extreme sensitivity of the linear function used to gather this approximation. A more recent estimate, given by Jonathan B. Pritchett, has this figure at about 50 percent, or about 835,000 slaves total between 1790-1850.
Without the inter-regional slave trade, it is possible that forced migration of slaves would have occurred naturally due to natural population pressures and the subsequent increase in land prices. Professor Miller contends that, "it is even doubtful whether the interstate slave traffic made a net contribution to the westward flow of the population."
The nature of the market
The argument has been made that the inter-regional slave trade was one that resulted in "superprofits" for traders. But Jonathan Pritchett points to evidence that there were a significant number of firms engaged in the market, a relatively dense concentration of these firms, and low barriers to entry. He says that traders who were exporting slaves from the Upper South were price-taking, profit-maximizers acting in a market that achieved a long-run competitive equilibrium.
Within this market, the demand for prime-aged slaves, given by the ages 15–30, accounted for 70 percent of the slave population relocated to the Deep South. However, due to the fact that the ages of slaves were often unknown by the traders themselves, physical attributes such as height often dictated demand in order to minimize asymmetric information. With slaves moving further south through the slave trade, conditions and treatment of slaves were understood to decline as they moved further south. In comparison to working in relatively small groups and perhaps alongside some farming families in the Upper South, they were forced to do field work in large gangs under close white supervision, and had less control over their time. The dense trees and underbrush of many riverfront areas in Louisiana and Mississippi were being cleared for the first time to develop plantations, adding to their struggles.
Slaves most feared being sold to planters in Louisiana. The state's grueling climate, with high heat and humidity, as well as the pressures of cultivating and processing the labor-intensive crops of sugar cane and cotton, resulted in harsh conditions for labor. With demand high for both commodity crops, planters and overseers were known to be physically abusive to slaves. The slaves feared being sent to Louisiana as a "Death sentence".
See also
Slave Trade Acts
Slavery in the United States
Notes
Category:Slavery in the United States
Category:Slave trade | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Double periodic variable
A Double Periodic Variable (DPV) is a type of binary star. As the name implies, the systems vary in brightness not only due to eclipses of one star by the other, but also on a cycle of roughly 33 times longer than the orbit. The star gaining mass from the other has a thick disk of material surrounding it, and the systems apparently lose mass cyclically into the interstellar medium over time. The cause for the secondary longer variability still is not established, but it has been proposed to be linked to a magnetic dynamo in the donor (mass transferring) star. A famous example is β Lyrae. The stars are rare, with 21 systems found in the Galaxy and more than 170 in the Magellanic Clouds (Abril 2016).
List
Catalogues of Double Periodic Variables are given by Mennickent, Otero and Kołaczkowski (2016), Pawlak et al. (2013) and Poleski et al. (2010). Some few examples are given below.
The following list contains selected double periodic variables that are of interest to amateur or professional astronomy. Unless otherwise noted, the given magnitudes are in the V-band.
References
Mennickent, R.E., 2017, Long Photometric Cycles in Hot Algols, Serbian Astronomical Journal 194, 1
Schleicher, D., Mennickent, R.E., 2017, A dynamo mechanism as the potential origin of the long cycle in double periodic variables, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 602, A109.
Mennickent, R.E., Otero, S., Kolaczkowski, Z., 2016, Interacting binaries W Serpentids and double periodic variables, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 455, Issue 2, p. 1728-1745.
Otero, S.A., Watson, C., Wils, P., Variable Star Type Designations in the VSX. AAVSO Website. American Association of Variable Star Observers. Retrieved 11 May 2014.
Pawlak, M., et al. 2013, Eclipsing Binary Stars in the OGLE-III Fields of the Small Magellanic Cloud, Acta Astronomica, vol 63, no 3, p. 323-338.
Poleski, R. et al. 2010, The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The OGLE-III Catalog of Variable Stars. X. Enigmatic Class of Double Periodic Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud, Acta Astronomica, vol 60, no 3, p. 179-196.
Mennickent, R.E., Pietrzynski, G., Diaz, M, Gieren, W., 2003, Double-periodic blue variables in the Magellanic Clouds, Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.399, p. L47-L50. (Discovery paper).
Category:Eclipsing binaries
Category:Eruptive variables | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
National Energy Commission
The National Energy Commission (NEC; ) is an agency established in 2010 to coordinate the overall energy policies for the People's Republic of China. The body includes 23 members from other agencies such as environment, finance, central bank, National Development and Reform Commission.
The purpose of this new commission is to draft a new energy development strategy, evaluate energy security and coordinate international cooperation on climate change, carbon reduction and energy efficiency.
History
China had a Ministry of Energy established in 1988 but it was disbanded five years after its portfolio overlapped with existing ministries.
In 2003, National Energy Bureau was created under the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) which reports to the Chinese State Council, which has broad administrative and planning control over energy in the Chinese economy.
In 2008, National Energy Administration (NEA) was established but lacked power to carry out its tasks because the energy sector management was spread between various agencies.
China has experienced power outages, concerns of growing imported energy demands, energy security and challenges coordinating energy supply and demand.
List of chairmen
Wen Jiabao (2010-2013)
Li Keqiang (2013-present)
Current leadership
Chairman
Li Keqiang, Premier, Politburo Standing Committee
Vice Chairmen
Zhang Gaoli, Vice-Premier, Politburo Standing Committee
Members
Xiao Jie, Deputy Secretary General of the State Council
Liu He, General Office chief of the Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs
Wang Yi, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Xu Shaoshi, Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission
Zhang Yi, Chairman of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission
Wan Gang, Minister of Science and Technology
Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology
Geng Huichang, Minister of State Security
Lou Jiwei, Minister of Finance
Jiang Daming, Minister of Land and Resources
Zhou Shengxian, Minister of Environmental Protection
Yang Chuantang, Minister of Transport
Chen Lei, Minister of Water Resources
Gao Hucheng, Minister of Commerce
Liu Shiyu, Vice Governor of the People's Bank of China
Wang Jun, Chair of the State Administration of Taxation
Yang Dongliang, Director of the State Bureau for Supervision and Safety
Shang Fulin, Chair of the Commission for Banking Regulation
Wang Guanzhong, People's Liberation Army Deputy Chief of Staff
Nur Bekri, Director of the National Energy Administration
See also
State Information Center
Economy of China
:Category:Energy in China
References
External links
National Energy Commission Official site
Category:Government agencies of China
Category:Economic development in China
Category:Energy in China
Category:Investment promotion agencies
Category:2010 establishments in China
Category:Government agencies established in 2010
Category:Organizations based in Beijing
Category:State Council of the People's Republic of China
Category:Energy organizations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Judy Smith homicide
On September 7, 1997, hunters in North Carolina's Pisgah National Forest found human bones, clothing, and some other items scattered in the woods near a campground. The remains, most of which were centered around a shallow grave, were identified as belonging to a woman between the ages of 40 and 55 with a seriously arthritic knee. Due to holes and cuts on her bra, and similar cutting marks on the bones, investigators ruled that the unidentified decedent had been stabbed to death.
Dental records and the arthritic knee soon led the body to be identified as that of Judy Smith (born Judith Eldredge December 15, 1946, in Hyannis, Massachusetts), a 50-year-old nurse from Newton, Massachusetts, who had last been positively seen alive by her husband Jeffrey at a hotel in Philadelphia almost five months earlier. When she had not shown up after a day purportedly spent sightseeing in the city, he had reported her missing. Until the bones were found, the search for her had been concentrated in the Philadelphia area, where several sightings had been reported, although some of them may have been of a homeless woman who strongly resembled Smith.
The investigation into the killing has been complicated by the unresolved question of how Smith got to North Carolina from Philadelphia, away, in the first place. She and her husband planned to stay in the Philadelphia area and visit friends after the conference he was attending ended; she had not expressed any desire to visit the Asheville area where her body was found. Yet when found she was wearing clothes more appropriate for hiking than those she had on when last seen in Philadelphia. It has been speculated that she might have been a victim of serial killer Gary Michael Hilton, who had left one of his victims in a similar condition near where Smith's body was discovered.
Philadelphia police initially considered Jeffrey Smith a suspect, casting doubt on the idea that his wife had even been to the city in the first place and suggesting his story was fabricated. Later, however, the unlikelihood that he could have disposed of her body where it was found due to severe health problems ruled him out; he died in 2005. The Philadelphia police, the FBI, and the Buncombe County sheriff's office continue to investigate; the case has been the subject of a segment on Unsolved Mysteries.
Background
Judy Bradford (her name from her second marriage), a home care nurse in the Boston area, met Jeffrey Smith, a lawyer, when she cared for Smith's father for a week following the latter's throat surgery in the mid-1980s. Jeffrey later recalled Judy's devotion to his father's care, using a window curtain rod to hold an IV bag his father needed dripped into him, in the absence of a proper holder. Jeffrey, a divorcé with a grown daughter, began dating Judy, who also had two adult children from a previous marriage, and in September 1996 the two wed.
Jeffrey's work as a lawyer was also related to health care; he represented the Northeast Pharmaceutical Conference, an organization of researchers and executives primarily from New England. Eight months after their marriage, the couple planned their first trip together, attending a conference in Philadelphia from April 9–11, 1997. Following that they planned to spend the rest of the week visiting friends in nearby New Jersey.
Disappearance
When the couple came to Logan International Airport on April 9, 1997, to check in for their flight to Philadelphia, Judy suddenly realized that she had forgotten to bring her driver's license. New FAA regulations at the time required that airlines verify passengers' identities before allowing them to fly. Judy told her husband she would return to their home to get it and then take a later flight; that evening she caught up to him in the lobby of the DoubleTree hotel in Center City Philadelphia where the conference was being held, apologizing for her mistake and bringing flowers.
The next morning Jeffrey awoke before his wife and went downstairs to get breakfast. He returned to the room afterwards and found her awake, in the shower. He told her the breakfast was exceptional and that she should have it for herself. She joked in response that she should just go down as she was at the time, naked.
Jeffrey left for the day's first session. The night before, the couple had agreed that Judy, who was making her first visit to Philadelphia, would go visit the city's tourist attractions such as Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell, and then reunite at the hotel at the end of the day for the conference's cocktail party at 6 p.m.. When Jeffrey finished moderating the last of the day's sessions, he returned to their room. Judy was not there.
He assumed she had returned, changed, and gone down to the party ahead of him, perhaps having gotten confused about their plans. When he went downstairs to check on this, however, she was not there. After going back and forth between the party and the room several times, he grew concerned and informed a concierge, who began calling area hospitals.
There were many reasons why Judy might have been delayed, Jeffrey knew. She would not have thought twice to have helped a stranger in need, as she had helped a sick passenger suffering from AIDS on another flight the year before. But if she did something like that, she usually called or tried to let someone know.
Jeffrey left the cocktail party and paid a cab driver to slowly follow the route of the Philadelphia PHLASH tourist bus, which Judy had told him she was planning to use, for any sign of her. He called his stepchildren in Boston and asked one of them to go to their house and check their answering machines for any messages. None of those options yielded any useful information. Finally he went to the Philadelphia police around midnight to report Judy missing.
Investigation
The Philadelphia police told Jeffrey that he could not file a missing person report until 24 hours after he had last seen Judy. He recalls that a detective said that if he wanted to "push it", he could file his report in the morning. After spending the remainder of the night sleepless in his hotel room, he did.
Before Jeffrey did, however, he talked to Philadelphia mayor Ed Rendell and John Perzel, a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from the city, who were both attending the conference, about what he felt was the police's dismissive attitude to his complaint. He said later that he believed those conversations had made a difference, as when he returned to the police station to make his report, two detectives were waiting to take it and he was treated with courtesy and respect; he said he even overheard one saying on the telephone that Commissioner Richard Neal was to receive a copy of the report.
Nevertheless, Jeffrey said several months later that there was some resistance. One detective, he claimed, was still saying four days later that he thought Judy had just had a midlife crisis and had done this just for the attention; the detective later repeated that speculation, with some qualification, to The Boston Globe. Jeffrey also believed the police, while cooperative overall, seemed to be inordinately focused on him as a suspect. "When you look at the statistics, 85 to 90 percent of females [who are murdered] are killed by someone very close to them: a family member, spouse, boyfriend", police captain John McGinnis explained later. "Statistically, we have to look at Jeffrey Smith as a suspect, until it's proven that he is not a suspect".
While Jeffrey understood and cooperated when they asked to interview his stepdaughter without him present, since she told the police he "[didn't] cheat on his taxes", he was distressed that they expressed doubt that Judy had ever been in Philadelphia to begin with. If, they asked, Judy was the experienced traveler who had once gone to Thailand on her own to visit the family of a grateful patient, why had she forgotten her driver's license? Jeffrey later explained in response to the Philadelphia City Paper that the rule had only been in effect for 18 months and Judy had only flown once during that time, so it was entirely possible that she made an honest mistake.
According to police, only one other witness, a desk clerk, could corroborate him on having seen Judy at the hotel, which did not have a guest register, until another conference attendee recalled in August that he had seen her in the lobby when she arrived (even so, police were still cautious since he did not know Judy personally). A female detective who searched the Smiths' hotel room said it struck her as unusual that the clothes Judy left behind did not appear to have been worn at all, suggesting she had worn the same clothes both on her flight from Boston and the day she disappeared; nor did she appear to have brought any cosmetics. But her daughter said that was typical travel behavior for her mother.
The police also made much of what they asserted was Jeffrey's refusal to take a lie detector test. He says he never refused; he only insisted that any such test be administered by the FBI and that if he passed, the police formally request that the bureau assist with its investigation. But according to McGinnis, at the time he made that demand Jeffrey already knew the FBI would not join the investigation, and still declined to submit to the test even when the Philadelphia police arranged for it to be administered by the Massachusetts State Police. "Certain conditions were met, but as far as I'm concerned he refused", said deputy commissioner Richard Zappile.
Possible sightings
In the days after Judy disappeared, Philadelphia newspapers and television ran stories about the case. Jeffrey and friends and family put up flyers with her picture seeking information. These led to reports of sightings, some of which Jeffrey found credible. Most were in the city, but later reports came from outside the city.
A number of reports described a woman who matched Judy's description but appeared to have psychological issues. She was described by staff at the Society Hill Hotel as their "weirdo of the week" when she stayed there between April 13 and 15, signing in as "H.K. Rich/Collins". While there she masturbated in front of an open window, spoke to herself in tongues, and then loudly claimed "the emperor" would wire her money when she needed it to extend her stay.
Another report mentioned a woman at the junction of Broad and Locust Streets around 3 p.m. on the day Judy was last seen, describing the woman as "disoriented". There were some other reports of a similar woman, also apparently disturbed, in the Penn's Landing neighborhood, a PHLASH stop and popular tourist attraction as well. But both the police and the family believe that those who saw her confused Judy with a homeless woman in the area who strongly resembled her, so much that even Judy's son thought the woman was his mother when he saw her from across the street.
However, one other homeless man in Penn's Landing, when shown Judy's picture, insisted he had seen her and not the other homeless woman, sleeping on a bench next to him the night before. On April 15, he told the family that they had just missed this woman, but they were unable to locate her in the vicinity. The family believed this was significant because it was the last time anyone had identified Judy based on seeing her picture.
Sightings that seemed a more positive identification were centered around the PHLASH bus and its route. A hotel employee said she had asked later on the morning of April 10 where she could catch the bus nearby; a driver said he had picked her up at Front and South Streets early in the afternoon and may have let her off near the hotel. She was also reportedly seen entering and leaving the city's Greyhound bus terminal, possibly to use the bathroom, her family believes. The terminal is near Philadelphia's Chinatown, and since Judy loved Chinese and Thai food she might have gone there to eat; however, no one at any of the many restaurants in the neighborhood recalled her.
Another report surfaced that Judy had been seen shopping for dresses at Macy's in the Deptford Mall in Deptford, New Jersey, across the Delaware River. She could have gotten there, they realized, via NJ Transit Bus Route 400, which makes hourly runs to the mall from Market Street in Center City and the intersection of Broad and Cherry Streets. A salesperson and customer at Macy's gave an account of the actions of a woman there who may have been Judy, saying she had said she was shopping for her daughter even though her daughter often disliked what she bought her—which rang true to her family—and giving a description that included the distinctive red backpack she carried almost everywhere, especially when traveling. As the woman left, they recalled, she had tried to get a younger woman, whom they assumed at the time was the woman's daughter, to leave with her.
There were also reports that she had been seen in Easton, north of Philadelphia, a few days after going missing. Jeffrey Smith finds another report from Philadelphia "more credible." A private investigator he had hired told a reporter that later in the week a man told Smith he had been leaving a Wawa near Rittenhouse Square on his way to work just before 6 a.m. when he saw "a well-dressed white woman" sitting outside a nearby gourmet grocery store, a sight he found unusual for that time of day. Later he saw a newspaper article on the case and realized the woman looked a lot like Judy.
Discovery of body
Jeffrey hired two other private investigators to look for his wife, and faxed and mailed copies of his wife's missing person flier to hospitals all over the country, asking them to look for her. Eventually those efforts helped locate her before the end of the year. However, she was not alive.
On September 7, 1997, a father and son hunting for deer out of season on a hillside in an area of North Carolina's Pisgah National Forest found what appeared to be human bones near the Stoney Fork picnic area along Chestnut Creek, just from Asheville. The bones had been scattered around an area in diameter, likely by animals. At the center was a shallow grave where the majority of the skeleton remained, still partially buried and clothed. Some personal effects were found in the area as well. The lead investigator on the case put aside his convalescence from recent back surgery to scour the area for evidence; he crushed his sciatic nerve as a result, requiring further surgery.
The state medical examiner determined that the bones of the then unidentified decedent were those of a white woman between the ages of 40 and 55. She had had extensive dental work and suffered from severe arthritis in her left knee. There were cutting marks on her ribs, and among the clothing recovered from the scene was her bra, which also had cuts and punctures. The investigation concluded that she been fatally stabbed, and her death was officially classified as a homicide.
The remains did not remain unidentified for long. An emergency room physician in Franklin, North Carolina, west of Asheville, saw an article about the discovery in the newspaper. He connected it to one of the fliers Jeffrey had sent out, and faxed a copy of the article to the Philadelphia police. A detective there asked Jeffrey for his wife's dental records, which he provided; they were then sent to the medical examiner in Asheville. The records matched the dental work on the bones discovered earlier in the month, and by the end of September the remains were positively identified as those of Judy Smith.
While the discovery of Judy's remains ended the missing person investigation, the homicide investigation it started posed new questions for detectives with the Buncombe County Sheriff's Office, which took the lead role. In order to identify her killer, they would probably need to figure out how she got to North Carolina in the first place. The evidence found with her bones suggested that she had been with someone else, possibly whoever killed her, and that she had been alive when she reached the Asheville area.
Most significantly, her leg bones were still clad in jeans, thermal underwear, and hiking boots. These were not the clothes she was wearing when Jeffrey or any of the other witnesses who might have seen her in Philadelphia saw her, but they were what she might have worn while hiking in the mountains around Asheville in mid-April. No wallet or other identification was found in her pockets.
A blue and black vinyl backpack was found with the body; in it were winter clothes and $80 in cash. A shirt buried nearby also had $87 in the pockets. The combined $167 is consistent with the $200 Jeffrey believed Judy to have had on her at the time of her disappearance; the presence of the money and her wedding ring have led investigators to conclude that robbery was not the motivation for her killing. However, her red backpack was not found, nor other clothes she was wearing when last seen. Judy's family also said that an expensive pair of sunglasses found near the bones were not hers as far as they knew.
Judy's family could not imagine why she might have gone to the Asheville area. According to them, she never expressed any desire to go there, and had only twice been to that general region of the country. Once she had visited Jeffrey for a week when he was at a weight loss clinic in Raleigh–Durham; on another occasion she had accompanied a patient on a drive south as he visited family that either lived closer in North Carolina to Asheville or in a neighboring area of Virginia or Tennessee (the family's memories differ).
Sightings in Asheville area
Several people in the Asheville area recalled having seen Judy, or a woman matching her description, in April. A clerk at a local retailer said: "She seemed very alert to me. She was very pleasant. I didn't see anything about her that would indicate that she wasn't right in any way". The woman she talked to said her husband was an attorney from Boston, attending a conference in Philadelphia, and during that time she had just decided to go to the Asheville area.
An employee at the Biltmore Estate also recalls seeing Judy. At a campground near where her body was found, the owner recalls that she drove up in a gray sedan filled with boxes and bags, asked if she could spend the night there in her car, and drove away after learning she could not. A deli owner in the same area told the Philadelphia City Paper that Judy came up to her store in a gray sedan and bought $30 worth of sandwiches and a toy truck. Local investigators consider these sightings credible.
Theories
Investigators with the Buncombe County sheriff's office have ruled out Jeffrey Smith, who died in 2005, as a suspect, since as he was morbidly obese they believe he would have been physically unable to have taken his wife's body up the slope to where it was found. His presence at the conference during the day Judy disappeared has also been corroborated. The Philadelphia police, however, never completely eliminated him as a suspect.
Sam Constance, the Buncombe detective who investigated the case, believes Judy was not abducted and came to the Asheville area voluntarily. He wanted to determine how and why in 1997 when interviewed. Constance also did not believe Judy was killed elsewhere and dumped at the site, due to the distance anyone, even someone in the best physical condition, would have had to carry her body to dispose of it there.
Judy may even have planned to disappear for a while, or perhaps even permanently. While Jeffrey and her children did not say there had been any problems in the marriage, one of her friends said otherwise. "At the time this happened, Jeff and Judy's marriage was very tenuous", Carolyn Dickey told Unsolved Mysteries in 2001. "I believe that something did happen that triggered her to want to have some time away from Jeff".
Although some of Judy's jewelry was missing, the presence of most of it and the cash suggests that robbery was not a motive for the killing. It has also been suggested that she might have encountered a local serial killer who had less than a year earlier left the raped and murdered body of one of his victims tied to a tree not far away. However, that killer, Gary Michael Hilton, was later arrested and convicted of that crime as well as several other killings on hiking trails in national forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains during the 2000s, and has not been linked to Smith's killing.
The state of North Carolina and Jeffrey combined to offer $17,000 in reward money for any information leading to the resolution of the case.
See also
Deaths in 1997
Crime in Philadelphia
Crime in North Carolina
List of unsolved murders
Jonathan Luna, federal prosecutor who drove from Baltimore to rural Pennsylvania for unknown reasons where he was found dead, possibly murdered, one night in 2003
Murder of Meredith Emerson, committed by serial killer Gary Michael Hilton
References
External links
Category:1997 murders in the United States
Category:Unsolved murders in the United States
Category:1990s missing person cases
Category:Murder in North Carolina
Category:Deaths by person in the United States
Category:Deaths by stabbing in the United States
Category:Incidents of violence against women
Category:Buncombe County, North Carolina
Category:Pisgah National Forest
Category:1990s in Philadelphia
Category:1997 in North Carolina
Category:April 1997 events in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pseudotropheus brevis
Pseudotropheus brevis is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi where it is found in Nkudzi Bay and Monkey Bay in rocky areas. This species can reach a length of SL. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
References
brevis
Category:Fish described in 1935
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Allum
Allum is an English surname. Notable people with this name include:
Bert Allum (born 1930), English footballer
Bill Allum (1916–1992), Canadian ice hockey player and coach
Don Allum (1937–1992), English oarsman, the first person to row across the Atlantic Ocean in both directions
James Allum, Canadian politician
John Allum (1889–1972), New Zealand businessman and engineer, Mayor of Auckland City from 1941 to 1953
Ron Allum (b. 1949), Australian submarine designer
See also
Allums
References
Category:English-language surnames | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Marina Piccinini
Marina Piccinini (born 1968) is an Italian American virtuoso flautist. She is noted for her performances of compositions by Mozart and Bach, and has performed with many of the world's top orchestras and conductors.
Biography
Piccinini was born in the United States to an Italian father and a Brazilian mother. Piccinini became interested in the operas of Mozart as a young girl at the age of 7, and began playing the flute at the age of 10. She grew up in Newfoundland, Canada and did not have formal flute lessons from a teacher until she was 16. In Toronto, she won First Prize in the CBC Young Performers Competition. She later moved to New York City to commence studying at the prestigious Juilliard School and won First Prize in New York's Concert Artists Guild International Competition. She was awarded a scholarship by the Concert Artists Guild in 1986, winning First Prize in their international competition. In 1991, she became the first flutist to receive an Avery Fisher Career Grant from the Lincoln Center. and was named Young Artist to watch by Musical America. She has studied under mentors such as Jeanne Baxtresser, Julius Baker.and Aurele Nicolet.
Piccinini has performed as a soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the London Philharmonic, the Tokyo Symphony Orchestra, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra, Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra, the Hanover Symphony Orchestra and many others throughout the United States. She has worked with such conductors as Alan Gilbert, Seiji Ozawa, Kurt Masur, Pierre Boulez, Leonard Slatkin, Stanislaw Skrowaczewski, Peter Oundjian, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Myung-whun Chung, and Gianandrea Noseda.
Piccinini has performed at New York's Town Hall, London's Southbank Centre and Wigmore Hall, the Weill Recital Hall and Zankell Hall of Carnegie Hall in New York City, Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. and at the Mozart Saal in Vienna's Konzerthaus. She is a regular performer in Japan. She has collaborated with the pianist Mitsuko Uchida and numerous string quartets (such as Tokyo, Brentano, Mendelssohn, and Takács quartets) and has performed at the Casals Hall and Suntory Hall in Tokyo and at the Saito Kinen Festival. Piccinini is also a frequent guest at the Marlboro Festival in Vermont, as well as at other summer festivals such as the Salzburg Festival, Mondsee festival) and Italy (Spoleto Festival) and Germany (Rheingau Musik Festival, Moritzburg Festival, Augsburg Festival) .
In September, 2001, Piccinini joined the faculty of the Peabody Institute and has made a name for herself as a teacher of flute. Piccinini is married to the pianist Andreas Haefliger; the pair have performed and recorded together,. Piccinin was performing with husband Haefliger at least as far back as 1992, when they put on a performance together on January 31, 1992 at the Sherwood Auditorium of the San Diego Museum of Contemporary Art. Piccinini permanently lived in New York City until 2002 when she relocated to Austria after being traumatized by the September 11 terrorist attacks, but still maintains a home in New York City. Piccinini has also requested flute concerto compositions from composers such as Paquito D'Rivera, notably The Bel Air Concerto Michael Colgrass (The Wild riot of the Shaman's Dreams (solo flute), A Flute in the Kingdom of Drums and Bells (flute and percussion quartet) and Crossworlds (Concerto for flute and piano)), Matthew Hindson (House Music) and others.
Widely recognized as one of the world's leading flute virtuosos, flutist MARINA PICCININI combines flawless technical command, profound interpretive instincts, and a charismatic stage presence—qualities which make each of her performances a memorable event.
Since making her acclaimed debuts in New York's Town Hall, London's Southbank Centre, and Tokyo's Suntory Hall, Ms. Piccinini has been in demand both as a recitalist and soloist with orchestras in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan. She has been soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the London Philharmonic, the Tokyo Symphony, St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, Montreal Symphony, Rotterdam Philharmonic, National Symphony Orchestra, Saint Louis Symphony, Minnesota Orchestra, Ottawa's National Arts Centre Orchestra; the Hannover Symphony in Germany, the Ravenna Chamber Orchestra in Italy and the Vienna Chamber Soloists; as well as the Cincinnati, New World, Toronto, Vancouver, Detroit, Phoenix, and Milwaukee symphony orchestras, and has worked with such conductors as Alan Gilbert, Seiji Ozawa, Kurt Masur, Pierre Boulez, Leonard Slatkin, Stanislaw Skrowaczewski, Peter Oundjian, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Myung-whun Chung, and Gianandrea Noseda.
Ms. Piccinini also performs with great frequency in recitals worldwide, with recent appearances in London's Wigmore Hall, Tokyo`s Casals Hall, the Seoul Arts Center, the Kennedy Center in Washington, and the Mozart Saal in Vienna's Konzerthaus. Deeply committed to the music of the present, recent seasons have been highlighted by significant world premiere performances of concerti and solo works by Michael Colgrass, Paquito D'Rivera, Matthew Hindson, Miguel Kertsman, Lukas Foss, Michael Torke, John Harbison, Marc-André Dalbavie, David Ludwig and Roberto Sierra.
A devoted chamber musician, Marina Piccinini has collaborated with the Tokyo, Brentano, Mendelssohn, and Takács string quartets and with the Percussion ensemble Nexus. Ms. Piccinini is a regular participant at the Marlboro Festival, often touring with Musicians From Marlboro. She has also performed at the Salzburg Festival, Mostly Mozart, Santa Fe, Spoleto (Italy), La Jolla, Newport, Davos, Tivoli, Rheingau, Moritzburg and Kuhmo Festivals, among others. A frequent guest artist in Japan, Ms. Piccinini performed (by personal invitation of Seiji Ozawa) at the Saito Kinen Festival in Japan, and has appeared with noted pianist Mitsuko Uchida in a series of concerts at the Suntory Hall in Tokyo and worldwide at Carnegie Hall's Weill Recital Hall, Zankell Hall. Most recently she completed a European tour which included such prestigious halls as Amsterdam's Concertgebow, Cologne's Philharmonie and the Barbican Centre in London. Ms. Piccinini has also been Guest Principal Flute with both the Boston Symphony and the New York Philharmonic.
Ms. Piccinini's latest CD release is a double CD set of the complete Flute Sonatas of J.S.Bach (including the solo Partita) in collaboration with the Brasil Guitar Duo for the British label Avie. Other recent recordings include an acclaimed collaboration with pianist Andreas Haefliger of the Sonatas of Prokofiev and Franck (Avie), "Belle Époque (Paris, 1880-1913)", with pianist Anne Epperson, (Claves) and a disc with pianist Eva Kupiec of Sonatas by Bartok, Martinu, Schulhoff, Dohnányi, and Taktakishvili (Claves).
Marina Piccinini's career was launched when she won First Prize in the CBC Young Performers Competition in Canada, and a year later, First Prize in New York's Concert Artists Guild International Competition. She was cited by Musical America as a "Young Artist to Watch", and in 1991 she became the first flutist to win the coveted Avery Fisher Career Grant from Lincoln Center. She has been the recipient of numerous awards and grants including twice the NEA's Solo Recitalist Grant, the McMeen-Smith Award, the BP Artists Career Award, and various grants from the Canada Council. She was also the winner in the New York Flute Club competition and the National Arts Club Competition.
Ms. Piccinini began her flute studies in Toronto with Jeanne Baxtresser, received her BM and MM degrees from the Juilliard school where she studied with the legendary flutist Julius Baker and worked with Aurele Nicolet in Switzerland. Ms. Piccinini frequently gives master classes around the world and is currently on the faculty of the Peabody Institute.
Ms. Piccinini is married to the pianist Andreas Haefliger; along with their daughter they divide their time between Vienna and New York.
In 2010 she released an album recording of the complete Flute Sonatas of J.S. Bach in collaboration with the Brasil Guitar Duo, who also won a scholarship at the Concert Artists Guild .
References
External links
Marina Piccinini: Columbia Artists Management, Inc.
Peabody Studio Homepage
Official Personal Homepage
Category:American flautists
Category:1968 births
Category:American people of Italian descent
Category:American people of Brazilian descent
Category:Living people
Category:American expatriates in Austria
Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty
Category:Juilliard School alumni
Category:Peabody Institute faculty
Category:Women flautists
Category:Women music educators | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Emirinköyü, Emirdağ
Emirinköyü is a village in the District of Emirdağ, Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey.
References
Category:Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province
Category:Villages in Turkey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Dhivehi Qaumee Party
The Dhivehi Qaumee Party () was a political party in the Maldives. It was registered with the Election Commission on 5 September 2008 and was dissolved in 2013.
The party's 2008 Presidential candidate was Dr. Hassan Saeed. His running mate was Dr. Ahmed Shaheed. Dr. Hassan was the former attorney general of Maldives during Maumoon Abdul Gayoom's term. Shaheed was Foreign Minister during Maumoon term and was also Foreign Minister in Nasheed's cabinet.
References
National Alliance
Category:Political parties established in 2008 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Papoul
The former French Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint-Papoul, now a Latin titular see, was created by Pope John XXII in 1317 and existed until the Napoleonic Concordat of 1811.
The seat of the diocese was at Saint-Papoul, in south-west France, in the modern department of Aude; it was some distance northeast of the main highway between Carcassonne and Toulouse, where there was already a Benedictine monastery, founded in the eighth century and dedicated to Saint Papoul. The bishop of Saint-Papoul was suffragan of the Archbishop of Toulouse.
The diocese existed until the French Revolution. It was one of the diocese scheduled to be suppressed under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790). Under the Concordat of 1801 its territory was taken over by the Diocese of Carcassonne.
History
In his bull of erection, issued on 22 February 1317, Pope John XXII stated that the population in the diocese of Toulouse was growing at such a pace that the Bishop was no longer able to govern his people effectively; and that therefore, having consulted with the cardinals, he had decided to promote the diocese of Toulouse into an Archbishopric and Metropolitanate, with four new dioceses, one of which was Saint-Papoul.
The Benedictine abbey of Saint-Papoul was converted into the Cathedral, and the monks were organized into a Cathedral Chapter consisting of twelve Canons led by a Prior Major (rather than Dean or Provost, since they remained a monastic community). In 1670 the Chapter was converted into a college of twelve secular Canons, with a Provost and four prebendaries.
The Pope also made the church of Castelnaudary into a Collegiate Church of twelve Canons, with a Dean, a Sacristan, a Precentor; there were also to be three hebdomidary priests, 24 chaplains, two deacons and two subdeacons, as well as six clerics in minor orders.
In 1716, there were approximately 1,000 faithful Catholics in the town of Saint-Papuli, and the diocese contained forty-four parishes. In 1774 there were still approximately 1,000 faithful Catholics, owing temporal obedience to the King of France.
The diocese was suppressed on 29 November 1801 by Pope Pius VII, in accordance with the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801, its territory being reassigned to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Toulouse and to the Diocese of Carcassonne.
Bishops of Saint-Papoul
Bernard de la Tour (11 July - death 27 December 1317)
Raymond de Mostuèjouls (1319.04.16 – 1327.12.18), previously Abbot of Saint-Thibéry (Saint Tiberius) and Prior of Saint-Flour, Bishop of Saint-Flour (France) (1317.07.31 – 1319.04.16); created Cardinal-Priest of S. Eusebio (18 December 1327 – death 15 October 1335), Protopriest of Sacred College of Cardinals (1334.12 – 1335.11.12)
Guillaume de Cardailhac (1328-1347)
Bernard de Saint-Martial = Bertrand de la Tour : 1348-1361; previously Bishop of Tulle (France) (1344.10.01 – 1347.02.19); later Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay (France) (1361.12.18 – death ?9 August 1361 ?1382.05.14)
Pierre de Cros I., Cluny branch of the Benedictine Order (O.S.B) (1362.07.27 – 1370.06.08); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Bourges (France) (8?9 June 1370 – 1374.08.02), Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera (1371.06.20 – 1388.11.16), Metropolitan Archbishop of Arles (France) (2 August 1274 – 1388.01), uncanonical Pseudocardinal-Priest of Saints Nereus and Achilleus (1383.12.23 – death 16 November 1388) under Antipope Clement VII
Bernard de Castelnau, O.S.B : 1370-1375
Pierre de Cros II. : 1375-1412
Jean de La Rochetaillée : 1413-1418?
Jean de Burle : 1418-1422
Raymond Macrose (Mairose) : 1423-1426
Pierre Soybert : 1427-1443
Raymond de Lupault : 1451-ca. 1465
Jean de La Porte : 1465-1468
Denis de Bar: 1468-1471
Clément de Brillac 1472-1495
Denis de Bar 1495-1510 (second time)
Karl de Bar 1510-1538
Giovanni Salviati 1538-1549 (administrator; Cardinal)
Bernardo Salviati 1549-1561 (Cardinal)
Antoine-Marie Salviati 1561-1564 (Cardinal)
Alexandre de Bardis 1564-1591
Jean Raimond 1602-1604
François de Donnadieu 1608-1626
Louis de Claret 1626-1636
Bernard Despruets 1636-1655
Jean de Montpezat de Carbon 1657-1664
Joseph de Montpezat de Carbon : 1664-1674
François Barthélemy de Grammont : 1677-1716
Gabriel-Florent de Choiseul-Beaupré : 1716-1723
Jean-Charles de Ségur : 1724-1735
Georges Lazare Berger de Charancy 1735-1738
Daniel Bertrand de Langle : 1739-1774
Guillaume-Joseph d'Abzac de Mayac : 1775-1784
Jean-Baptiste-Marie de Maillé de La Tour-Landry 1784-1801
Titular see
On 2009.02.09 the diocese was nominally restored as Titular bishopric of Saint-Papoul (French) / Sancti Papuli (Latin adjective).
It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :
Bertrand Lacombe (2016.04.14 – ...), Auxiliary Bishop of Bordeaux (France).
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in France
Catholic Church in France
Notes
Sources and external links
GCatholic - former and titular see
Bibliography - Reference works
pp. 582–584. (Use with caution; obsolete)
(in Latin) p. 390.
(in Latin) p. 212.
p. 253.
pp. 273–274.
pp. 280.
p. 328.
Bibliography - Studies
Blanc, Jean (1982). L'abbaye de Saint-Papoul (Carcassonne 1982) 28pp.
Douaie, Célestin (1880). "État du diocèse de Saint-Papoul et sénéchaussée du Lauragais en 1573". Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences, inscriptions, et belles-lettres de Toulouse''. Série 9, Tome 2 (1890), pp. 473–489.
Du Bourg, Henry (1914). "La saisie du temporal ecclésiastique du diocese de Saint-Papoul en 1582," Revue des questions historiques 96 [n.s. 52] (1914), pp. 69–81.
Saint-Papoul
Category:1317 establishments in Europe
Category:1310s establishments in France
Religious organizations established in the 1310s
Category:Dioceses established in the 14th century
1801 disestablishments in France | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Undercover Teacher
Undercover Teacher is a documentary in the Dispatches series for Channel 4, in which Alex Dolan, a journalist and science teacher, went undercover for six months as a supply teacher in British schools. Undercover Teacher was intended to expose the poor behaviour of children in some areas of the secondary education system by secretly filming classes.
Dolan was suspended from teaching for one year by the General Teaching Council because she 'breached student trust'. The decision has received criticism from both teachers and commentators.
See also
Ofsted
References
External links
Category:Dispatches (documentary series)
Category:British high school television series
Category:School and classroom behaviour
Category:Teaching in the United Kingdom
Category:Undercover journalists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1, also known as the prostaglandin transporter (PGT), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLCO2A1 gene.
This gene encodes a prostaglandin transporter that is a member of the 12-membrane-spanning organic anion-transporting polypeptide superfamily of transporters. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating the uptake and clearance of prostaglandins in numerous tissues.
Clinical relevance
Mutations in this gene have been shown to cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
References
Further reading
External links
Category:Solute carrier family | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jack Crabtree (artist)
Jack Crabtree is a contemporary English figurative painter and teacher. He is known for a series of paintings documenting the South Wales coal industry.
Early life and education
Crabtree was born in 1938 in Rochdale, Lancashire, England. He studied at the following art colleges:
Rochdale College of Art
Saint Martin's School of Art, London (1957–59)
Royal Academy Schools, London (1959–61)
Career
After leaving the Royal Academy, Crabtree lived and worked for a number of years in Rochdale and Salford and then at Newport in South Wales, before taking up an appointment at the University of Ulster in Belfast. He settled in France in 1987.
He was elected a member of the 56 Group Wales (1971–75).
To date Crabtree has had over 70 solo exhibitions. His work can be found in many public collections.
Style
Crabtree's style was described in 1978 by Margaret Richards of Tribune:
"Crabtree is a social realist who works in a natural style that is neither didactic nor over-emphatic. Sometimes his imagery is exhilarating, full of energetic figures, and sometimes sad and sensitive, showing old or weary men struggling to keep going. His vision is affectionate rather than romantic. He sees wild hillsides as a beautiful setting for one of the grimmest jobs facing any man. In his paintings, that beauty and that grimness are parts of an inter-locking reality that has stimulated his creative imagination; while in his graphics the spare outlines and meticulous observation of human nature has been likened to George Grosz's. The comparison is misleading, for Crabtree's sense of humour rarely turns into satire."
Teaching
1961–66: Salford School of Art, and teaching in schools in the Salford and Rochdale area.
1966–74: Lecturer at the College of Art in Newport.
1978- : Senior Lecturer at the Gwent College of Further Education
1983–86: Professor and Head of Fine Art at the University of Ulster, Belfast.
Public collections
Crabree's work is in several public collections, including:
Arts Council of Ireland
Arts Council of Northern Ireland
Glynn Vivian Art Gallery Swansea
Grundy Art Gallery, Blackpool
National Coal Mining Museum for England, Wakefield
National Library of Wales
National Museum Cardiff
National Trust
Newport Museum and Art Gallery
Ulster Museum
University of South Wales (Glamorgan)
Awards
1959/60: Kenyon's Foundation Rochdale Education Authority travelling bursary to France.
1974/75: Fellowship at the National Coal Board.
1975/76: Gregynog Arts Fellowship, University of Wales.
1977/78: First International Ruhr Arts Fellowship awarded by the West German Government.
Notable commissions
1971: Artist at Work - murals on the theme of Owain Glyndŵr for the Council Chambers at Plas, Machynlleth.
1974/75: for the National Coal Board, a pictorial record of the changing face of the coalfields of South Wales.
References
External links
"Portrait of Francis Stuart (1990)" at Arts Council of Northern Ireland
"In the Showers" at Gathering the Jewels.org
Category:20th-century English painters
Category:English male painters
Category:21st-century English painters
Category:Modern painters
Category:Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
Category:Alumni of the Royal Academy Schools
Category:Academics of Ulster University
Category:1938 births
Category:People from Newport, Wales
Category:People from Rochdale
Category:People from Salford
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the 56 Group Wales | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
National Register of Historic Places listings in Boone County, Missouri
__NOTOC__
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Boone County, Missouri.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Boone County, Missouri, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 51 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
Boone County Historical Society
List of cemeteries in Boone County, Missouri
List of National Historic Landmarks in Missouri
National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri
References
Boone
*
National Register of Historic Places | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Haridevpur
Haridevpur is a neighbourhood of South West Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Geography
Police district
Haridevpur police station is part of the South West division of Kolkata Police. It is located at 559 Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata-700082.
Behala Women police station, located at the same address as above, covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the South West division i.e. Sarsuna, Taratala, Behala, Parnasree, Thakurpukur and Haridevpur.
Jadavpur, Thakurpukur, Behala, Purba Jadavpur, Tiljala, Regent Park, Metiabruz, Nadial and Kasba police stations were transferred from South 24 Parganas to Kolkata in 2011. Except Metiabruz, all the police stations were split into two. The new police stations are Parnasree, Haridevpur, Garfa, Patuli, Survey Park, Pragati Maidan, Bansdroni and Rajabagan.
References
External links
Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Saturday Magazine
The Saturday Magazine may refer to either:
The Saturday Magazine (radio show) a radio show on BBC radio Ulster
The Saturday Magazine (magazine) a 19th-century British weekly magazine | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Edward Nucella Emmett
Edward Nucella Emmett (18 February 1817 – 18 March 1874) was an English born Australian entrepreneur and politician, briefly a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.
Career
Emmett worked as an auctioneer in Adelaide, South Australia. He lived in Bendigo from 1852 to 1870, first as a gold digger and then an auctioneer. He was said to be the first discoverer of the Hustler's Reef near Bendigo. With Hugh Smith, he established the Bendigo Bank (subsequently purchased by the then Bank of Victoria). He later started a brewery and a number of mining companies. To secure Bendigo's future, Emmett worked to establish a reliable water supply, and was the main promoter of the Bendigo Waterworks Company (now part of Coliban Water), established in 1858.
Given the financial problems of the Victorian colonial government, and the lack of local government funds, he worked to privately fund the new water supply. The Sandhurst (Bendigo) council controlled a 22-acre water reserve site along the Bendigo Creek at Golden Square. With funding from wealthy investors in Melbourne he formed the company which was incorporated by parliament. Joseph Brady was the first engineer for the project, which made use of water from the Coliban River.
He went to Sydney after 1870, where he was a broker, legal manager and mining agent.
Government
Emmett was nominated as a Member of the Victorian Legislative Council from 29 August 1853 to September 1853, but resigned in early September, after being rejected by a gold diggers' meeting and may never have taken his seat. He was first chairman of the Sandhurst (Bendigo) municipal council and, subsequently, of the municipality of Raywood, of which he was also the first chairman.
After the sale of the bank, he acted in a number of official roles, including town valuator, and conducted first government land sales. He was a member of first local court (1855), and mining registrar at Raywood (1863).
Family
Emmett was the son of Henry James Emmett and Mary Elizabeth Thompson Emmett (née Townsend) who immigrated to Van Diemen's Land from England with their young family in 1819 fifteen years after the establishment of Hobart Town (1804).
He had two families in South Australia, abandoning his common law wife, Sarah Ann Dolby, and their three children before the end of 1856,
he had married Sarah Spottiswood Blackham in 1849 and moved with her to Bendigo (then called Sandhurst).
After his death, his widow and their only surviving daughter, Bertha, returned to Bendigo, where in 1876 it became known that they were in straitened circumstance with a number of gifts made to them. Later in that year she married Archibald Forsyth.
References
Category:1817 births
Category:1874 deaths
Category:Australian gold prospectors
Category:Australian auctioneers
Category:Australian bankers
Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Category:English emigrants to colonial Australia
Category:19th-century Australian politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Melaleuca filifolia
Melaleuca filifolia, commonly called wiry honey-myrtle, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a woody, twiggy shrub with needle-shaped leaves, greenish flower buds, pink "pom-pom" flower heads and spherical clusters of fruits.
Description
Melaleuca filifolia is usually a small, spreading shrub to high, sometimes to . The leaves are arranged alternately on the stem, are circular in cross-section, long and wide.
The flowers are arranged in almost spherical heads up to in diameter. The heads are on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, and often also in upper leaf axils. Each head contains 6 to 13 groups of flowers in threes. The petals are long and fall off as the flower opens. The stamens are purple, pink or mauve with golden tips and are arranged in five bundles around the flower, each bundle containing 7 to 11 stamens. Flowering occurs in late spring to summer and the fruit that follow are woody capsules in tight, almost spherical clusters up to in diameter appearing like miniature footballs.
Taxonomy and naming
Melaleuca filifolia was first formally described in 1862 by Ferdinand Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae from a specimen found in the dry bed of the Murchison River by Augustus Oldfield. The specific epithet (filifolia) is derived from the Latin words filum meaning "filament" and folium meaning "leaf", referring to the narrow leaves.
Distribution and habitat
This melaleuca occurs between the Kalbarri and Mullewa districts near Geraldton in the Avon Wheatbelt, Geraldton Sandplains and Yalgoo biogeographic regions. It grows in a range of soils and situations including sandy, gravelly and loamy soil over sandstone in Kwongan or tall scrub.
Conservation status
Melaleuca filifolia is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Use in horticulture
Some forms of this species are grown in gardens.
References
filifolia
Category:Myrtales of Australia
Category:Plants described in 1862
Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia
Category:Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Charette-Varennes
Charette-Varennes is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Saône-et-Loire department
References
INSEE
Category:Communes of Saône-et-Loire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Matot
Matot, Mattot, Mattoth, or Matos ( — Hebrew for "tribes", the fifth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 42nd weekly Torah portion (, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the ninth in the Book of Numbers. It constitutes It discusses laws of vows, the destruction of Midianite towns, and negotiations of the Reubanites and Gadites to settle land outside of Israel.
The parashah is made up of 5,652 Hebrew letters, 1,484 Hebrew words, 112 verses, and 190 lines in a Torah Scroll (, Sefer Torah). Jews generally read it in July or early August. The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 55 weeks, the exact number varying between 50 in common years and 54 or 55 in leap years. In some leap years (for example, 2014), parashah Matot is read separately. In most years (for example, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029), parashah Matot is combined with the next parashah, Masei, to help achieve the number of weekly readings needed.
Readings
In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or , aliyot.
First reading — Numbers 30:2–17
In the first reading (, aliyah), Moses told the heads of the Israelite tribes God's commands about commitments (, nedarim, commonly translated, or some say mistranslated, as "vows"). If a man made a vow to God, he was to carry out all that he promised. If a girl living in her father's household made a vow to God, and her father learned of it and did not object, her vow would stand. But if her father objected on the day that he learned of it, her vow would not stand, and God would forgive her. If she married while her vow was still in force, and her husband learned of it and did not object on the day that he found out, her vow would stand. But if her husband objected on the day that he learned of it, her vow would not stand, and God would forgive her. The vow of a widow or divorced woman was binding. If a married woman made a vow and her husband learned of it and did not object, then her vow would stand. But if her husband objected on the day that he learned of it, her vow would not stand, and God would forgive her. If her husband annulled one of her vows after the day that he learned of it, he would bear her guilt.
Second reading — Numbers 31:1–12
In the second reading (, aliyah), God directed Moses to attack the Midianites, after which he would die. At Moses' direction, a thousand men from each tribe, with Phinehas son of Eleazar serving as priest on the campaign with the sacred utensils and trumpets, attacked Midian and slew every man, including five kings of Midian and the prophet Balaam. The Israelites burned the Midianite towns, took the Midianite women and children captive, seized all their beasts and wealth as booty, and brought the captives and spoil to Moses, Eleazar, and the Israelite community at the steppes of Moab.
Third reading — Numbers 31:13–24
In the third reading (, aliyah), Moses became angry with the army's commanders for sparing the women, as they were the ones who, at Balaam's bidding, had induced the Israelites to trespass against God in the sin of Peor. Moses then told the Israelites to kill every boy and every woman who had had sexual relations, but to spare the virgin girls. Moses directed the troops to stay outside the camp for 7 days after that, directed every one of them who had touched a corpse to cleanse himself on the third and seventh days, and directed them to cleanse everything made of cloth, hide, or wood. Eleazar told the troops to take any article that could withstand fire — gold, silver, copper, iron, tin, and lead — and pass them through fire to clean them, and to cleanse everything with the water of lustration. Eleazar directed that on the seventh day they should wash their clothes and be clean, and thereafter be free to enter the camp.
Fourth reading — Numbers 31:25–41
In the fourth reading (, aliyah), God told Moses to work with Eleazar and the family heads to inventory and divide the booty equally between the combatants and the rest of the community. God told them to exact a levy for God of one item in 500 of the warriors' captive persons and animals to be given to Eleazar, and one in every 50 of the other Israelites' captive persons and animals to be given to the Levites. The total booty came to 675,000 sheep, 72,000 head of cattle, 61,000 donkeys, and 32,000 virgin women, which Moses and Eleazar divided as God had commanded.
Fifth reading — Numbers 31:42–54
In the fifth reading (, aliyah), the Israelites' half of the booty came to 337,500 sheep, 36,000 head of cattle, 30,500 donkeys, and 16,000 virgin women, which Moses and Eleazar divided as God had commanded:
The commanders of the troops told Moses that they had checked the warriors, and not one was missing, so they brought as an offering to God the gold that they came upon — armlets, bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and pendants — to make expiation for their persons before God. Moses and Eleazar accepted from them 16,750 shekels of gold, but the warriors in the ranks kept their booty for themselves.
Sixth reading — Numbers 32:1–19
In the sixth reading (, aliyah), the Reubenites and the Gadites, who owned much cattle, noted that the lands of Jazer and Gilead on the east side of the Jordan River suited cattle, and they approached Moses, Eleazar, and the chieftains and asked that those lands be given to them as a holding. Moses asked them if the rest of the Israelites were to go to war while they stayed on the east bank, and would that not undermine the enthusiasm of the rest of the Israelites for crossing into the Promised Land. Moses likened their position to that of the scouts who surveyed the land and then turned the minds of the Israelites against invading, thus incensing God and causing God to swear that none of the adult Israelites (except Caleb and Joshua) would see the land. They replied that they would build their sheepfolds and towns east of the Jordan and leave their children there, but then serve as shock-troops in the vanguard of the Israelites until the land was conquered and not seek a share of the land west of the Jordan.
Seventh reading — Numbers 32:20–42
In the seventh reading (, aliyah), Moses then said that if they would do this, and every shock-fighter among them crossed the Jordan, then they would be clear before God and Israel, and this land would be their holding. But Moses continued, if they did not do as they promised, they would have sinned against God.
Moses instructed Eleazar, Joshua, and the family heads of the Israelite tribes to carry out the agreement. So Moses assigned the Gadites, the Reubenites, and half the tribe of Manasseh lands on the east side of the Jordan. The Gadites and Reubenites built cities on the east side of Jordan, and some leaders of Manasseh conquered cities on the east of the Jordan so half the tribe of Manasseh could settle there.
Readings according to the triennial cycle
Jews who read the Torah according to the triennial cycle of Torah reading read the parashah according to a different schedule.
In early nonrabbinic interpretation
The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these early nonrabbinic sources:
Numbers chapter 30
The Damascus Document of the Qumran community prohited a man from annulling an oath about which he did not know whether or not it should be carried out.
In classical rabbinic interpretation
The parashah is discussed in these rabbinic sources from the era of the Mishnah and the Talmud:
Numbers chapter 30
Tractates Nedarim and Shevuot in the Mishnah, Tosefta, Jerusalem Talmud, and Babylonian Talmud interpreted the laws of vows and oaths in and and
The Mishnah taught that saying any substitute for the formulas of a vow has the validity of a vow. If one says to another, "I am barred from you by a vow," or, "I am separated from you," or, "I am removed from you, in respect of anything that I might eat of yours or that I might taste of yours," the one vowing is prohibited. Rabbi Akiva was inclined to give a stringent ruling when a person says, "I am banned to you." The Gemara taught that a vow (, neder) makes a thing forbidden to a person, while an oath (, shevuah) binds a person to a relationship to a thing.
Rabbi Akiva taught that vows are a fence for self-restraint. But the Jerusalem Talmud asked whether it was not enough that the Torah had forbidden us things that we should seek to forbid yet other things to ourselves. The Gemara discouraged vows. Rabbi Nathan taught that one who vows is as if he built a high place, and he who fulfils a vow is as if he sacrificed on that high place. And the Gemara deduced from Rabbi Nathan's teaching that it is meritorious to seek absolution from vows. And a Midrash told the tale of King Jannai, who owned two thousand towns, all of which were destroyed because of true oaths. A man would swear to his friend that he would eat such-and-such a food at such-and-such a place and drink such-and-such a drink at such-and-such a place. And they would go and fulfill their oaths and would be destroyed (for swearing to trifles). The Midrash concluded that if this was the fate of people who swore truthfully, how much more would swearing to a falsehood lead to destruction.
Reasoning from “He shall not profane his word,” the Tosefta concluded that one should not treat one’s words as profane and unconsecrated. Even though there were vows that the Rabbis had ruled were not binding, the Tosefta taught that one should not make even such a vow with the plan of annulling it, as says, “He shall not profane his word.” The Tosefta also deduced from that even a sage could not annul his own vow for himself.
The Mishnah taught that the law of the dissolution of vows hovers in the air and has nothing on which to rest in the Biblical text. Rav Judah said that Samuel found the Scriptural basis for the law of the dissolution of vows in the words of "he shall not break his word," which teaches that "he" — the vower — may not break the vow, but others might dissolve it for him. The Rabbis taught in a Baraita that a Sage could annul a vow retroactively.
The Sifre asked why set forth the effectiveness of nazirite vows, when the general rule of would suffice to teach that all vows — including nazirite vows — are binding. The Sifre explained that warned that a person making a nazirite vow would be bound to at least a 30-day nazirite period.
Rabbah bar bar Hana told of how an Arab merchant took him to see Mount Sinai, where he saw scorpions surround it, and they stood like white donkeys. Rabbah bar bar Hana heard a Heavenly Voice expressing regret about making an oath and asking who would annul the oath. When Rabbah bar bar Hana came before the Rabbis, they told him that he should have annulled the oath. But Rabbah bar bar Hana thought that perhaps it was the oath in connection with the Flood, where in God promised never to destroy the world again with another flood. The Rabbis replied that if that had been the oath, the Heavenly Voice would not have expressed regret.
Rava employed to interpret which says: "And Moses besought (, va-yechal) the Lord his God" in connection with the incident of the Golden Calf. Rava noted that uses the term "besought" (, va-yechal), while uses the similar term "break" (, yacheil) in connection with vows. Transferring the use of to Rava reasoned that meant that Moses stood in prayer before God until Moses annulled for God God's vow to destroy Israel, for a master had taught that while people cannot break their vows, others may annul their vows for them. Similarly, Rabbi Berekiah taught in the name of Rabbi Helbo in the name of Rabbi Isaac that Moses absolved God of God's vow. When the Israelites made the Golden Calf, Moses began to persuade God to forgive them, but God explained to Moses that God had already taken an oath in that "he who sacrifices to the gods ... shall be utterly destroyed," and God could not retract an oath. Moses responded by asking whether God had not granted Moses the power to annul oaths in by saying, "When a man vows a vow to the Lord, or swears an oath to bind his soul with a bond, he shall not break his word," implying that while he himself could not break his word, a scholar could absolve his vow. So Moses wrapped himself in his cloak and adopted the posture of a sage, and God stood before Moses as one asking for the annulment of a vow.
Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai taught that just as the texts "He shall not break his word" in and "Defer not to pay it" in Ecclesiastes apply to vows, so they also apply to valuations, and thus Moses exhorts the Israelites in "When a man shall clearly utter a vow of persons to the Lord, according to your valuation . . . ."
Rabbi Eleazar interpreted to teach that one should not treat lightly, because on account of it were the members of the Great Sanhedrin of Zedekiah slain. When King Jeconiah of Judah was exiled, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon appointed Zedekiah King of Judah (as reported in ). Zedekiah stood so high in King Nebuchadnezzar’s favor that he could enter and leave King Nebuchadnezzar’s presence without permission. One day, Zedekiah entered Nebuchadnezzar’s presence and found him tearing the flesh of a hare and eating it while it was still alive. Nebuchadnezzar asked Zedekiah to swear that he would not disclose this, and Zedekiah swore. Subsequently, the five kings over whom Nebuchadnezzar had appointed Zedekiah were sitting and sneering at Nebuchadnezzar in Zedekiah’s presence, and they told Zedekiah that the kingship did not belong to Nebuchadnezzar but to Zedekiah, as Zedekiah descended from David. So Zedekiah too sneered at Nebuchadnezzar and disclosed that once he saw him tear the flesh of a live hare and eat it. The five kings immediately told Nebuchadnezzar, who forthwith came to Antioch, where the members of the Great Sanhedrin went to meet him. Nebuchadnezzar asked them to expound the Torah to him, and they began to read it chapter by chapter. When they reached “When a man vows a vow . . . he shall not break his word,” Nebuchadnezzar asked them whether a person could retract a vow. They replied that such a person must go to a Sage to absolve the person of the vow. Nebuchadnezzar told them that they must have absolved Zedekiah of the oath that he swore to him, and he immediately ordered them to be placed on the ground, as reports, “They sit upon the ground, and keep silence, the elders of the daughter of Zion.” To avail them in their peril, they then began to recount the merit of Abraham, who in said, “I am but dust and ashes”; thus continues, “They have girded themselves with sackcloth.” They began to recount the merit of Jacob, of whom says, “He put sackcloth upon his loins.” But Nebuchadnezzar caused the members of the Great Sanhedrin to have their hair bound to the tails of their horses as the horses were driven from Jerusalem to Lydda, killing the members of the Great Sanhedrin in the process. Thus continues, “the virgins of Jerusalem [referring to the members of the Great Sanhedrin] hang down their heads to the ground.”
Interpreting the law of vows in the Mishnah taught that a young child's vows were not binding. When a girl turned 11 years old and throughout the year thereafter, they examined to determine whether she was aware of the significance of her vows. The vows of a girl 12 years old or older stood without examination. When a boy turned 12 years old and throughout the year thereafter, they examined to determine whether he was aware of the significance of his vows. The vows of a boy 13 years old or older stood without examination. For girls below age 11 or boys below age 12, even if they said that they knew in honor of Whose Name they vowed, their vows and dedications were not valid. After girls turned 12 or boys turned 13, even though they said that they did not know in the honor of Whose Name they vowed, their vows and dedications stood. The Sifri Zutta told that once a youth told Rabbi Akiva that the youth had dedicated a shovel. Rabbi Akiva asked the youth whether perhaps he had sanctified his shovel to the sun or the moon. The youth replied that Rabbi Akiva did not need to worry, as the youth had sanctified it to the One Who had created them. Rabbi Akiva told the youth that his vows were valid.
The Mishnah taught that a father who did not say anything to annul his daughter's vow because he did not know that he had the power to do so could release the vow when he learned that he did have that power. Similarly, the Sages taught that a father who did not know that a statement was a vow could release that vow when he learned that it was a vow (although Rabbi Meir said that he could not).
The Sifri Zutta taught that if a father annulled his daughter's vow without her knowing that he had done so, and she deliberately transgressed the vow, she was nonetheless not liable to penalty, because says, “the Lord will forgive her.”
Reading “But every vow of a widow and of a divorcee . . . shall be binding on her,” the Mishnah taught that if she said, “I will be a nazirite after thirty days,” even if she married within the thirty days, her husband could not annul her vow. And if she vowed on one day, divorced on the same day, and remarried on the same day, the husband could not annul her vow. The Mishnah stated the general rule: Once she had gone into her own domain even for a single hour, her husband could not annul her vows.
The Mishnah taught that a father or husband could annul vows of self-denial (which, in the words of "afflict the soul"), such as bathing and adorning oneself. But Rabbi Jose said that these were not vows of self-denial. Rabbi Jose taught that vows of self-denial that a father or husband could annul include if she said, "konam (that is, prohibited) be the produce of the whole world to me." Rabbi Jose taught that if she said, "konam be the produce of this country to me," he could not annul, as he could bring her to a different country. And if she said, "konam be the fruits of this shopkeeper to me," he could not annul, unless that shopkeeper was his only source of sustenance, in which case he could annul.
The Gemara deduced from the words "between a man and his wife, between a father and his daughter" in that in addition to vows of self-denial, a husband could also annul vows that affected the relationship between husband and wife.
A Midrash taught that just as a husband could annul only vows that would cause personal affliction between the spouses, so too, a father could annul only vows that would cause personal affliction between him and his daughter.
The Mishnah taught that in the case of a betrothed young woman, her father and her fiancé could annul her vows, if they both did so. If her father but not her fiancé attempted to annul her vow, or if her fiancé but not her father attempted to annul her vow, it was not annulled. And the Mishnah taught that it went without saying that her vow was not annulled if one of them confirmed it.
The Mishnah taught that one could annul vows on the Sabbath.
Numbers chapter 31
A Midrash deduced from the proximity of the report in that "the children of Israel took captive the women of Midian . . . and all their cattle" with the report of that "the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very great multitude of cattle" that God cast the Midianites down before Israel so that the Reubenites and Gadites might grow rich. The Midrash cited this turn of events as proof of the words of Psalm that "God is judge; He puts down one, and lifts up another."
Noting that in God told Joshua, "As I was with Moses, so I will be with you," the Rabbis asked why Joshua lived only 110 years (as reported in and ) and not 120 years, as Moses did (as reported in ). The Rabbis explained that when God told Moses in to "avenge the children of Israel of the Midianites; afterward shall you be gathered to your people," Moses did not delay carrying out the order, even though God told Moses that he would die thereafter. Rather, Moses acted promptly, as reports: "And Moses sent them." When God directed Joshua to fight against the 31 kings, however, Joshua thought that if he killed them all at once, he would die immediately thereafter, as Moses had. So Joshua dallied in the wars against the Canaanites, as reports: "Joshua made war a long time with all those kings." In response, God shortened his life by ten years.
The Rabbis differed about the meaning of "the holy vessels" in Rabbi Johanan deduced from the reference of to "the holy garments of Aaron" that refers to the priestly garments containing the Urim and Thummim when it reports that "Moses sent . . . Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, to the war, with the holy vessels." But the Midrash concluded that refers to the Ark of the Covenant, to which refers when it says, "the service of the holy things."
Numbers chapter 32
A Midrash deduced from that the Reubenites and Gadites were rich, possessing large amounts of cattle, but they loved their possessions so much that they separated themselves from their fellow Israelites and settled outside the Land of Israel. As a result, they became the first tribes to be taken away into exile, as 1 Chronicles reports, "Tillegath-pilneser king of Assyria ... carried ... away ... the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh."
The Tanna Devei Eliyahu taught that if you live by the commandment establishing the Sabbath (in (20:8 in the NJPS) and (5:12 in the NJPS)), then (in the words of ) “The Lord has sworn by His right hand, and by the arm of His strength: ‘Surely I will no more give your corn to be food for your enemies.” If, however, you transgress the commandment, then it will be as in when “the Lord’s anger was kindled in that day, and He swore, saying: ‘Surely none of the men . . . shall see the land.’”
Similarly, a Midrash taught that the Reubenites and the Gadites cherished their property more than human life, putting their cattle before their children when they told Moses in "We will build sheepfolds here for our cattle, and cities for our little ones." Moses told them that their priorities were wrong and that they should rather do the more important things first, when Moses told them in "Build you cities for your little ones, and folds for your sheep." The Midrash saw in their different priorities application of the words of "A wise man's understanding is at his right hand" — applying to Moses — and "A fool's understanding at his left" — applying to the Reubenites and the Gadites. God told the Reubenites and the Gadites that as they showed greater love for their cattle than for human souls, there would be no blessing in it for them. The Midrash thus saw in their fate application of the words of "An estate may be gotten hastily at the beginning; but the end thereof shall not be blessed," and the words of "Do not weary yourself to be rich; cease from your own wisdom."
In the Mishnah, Rabbi Meir noted that and 29 stated the same condition in both positive and negative formulations. states the condition in the positive: "And Moses said to them, if the children of Gad and the children of Reuben will pass with you over the Jordan, . . . then you shall give them the land of Gilead for a possession." And states the same condition in the negative: "But if they will not pass over with you armed, then they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan." Rabbi Meir deduced that every stipulation must be stated in both the negative and positive formulations, like the condition of the children of Gad and the children of Reuben in and 29, or it is not a binding stipulation. Rabbi Hanina ben Gamaliel II maintained, however, that Moses stated the matter both ways because he needed to do so to be understood; otherwise one might have concluded that the Gadites and Reubenites would receive no inheritance even in the land of Canaan.
The Mishnah taught that those who removed from the Temple coins collected in the shekel tax could not enter the chamber wearing a bordered cloak or shoes or sandals or tefillin or an amulet, lest if they became rich people might say that they became rich from money in the chamber. The Mishnah thus taught that it is one’s duty to appear to be free of blame before others as before God, as says: “And you shall be guiltless before the Lord and before Israel.”
Similarly, the Tosefta cited “You shall be clear before the Lord, and before Israel,” to support the proposition that while out collecting charity, charity collectors were not permitted to separate their own money from that which they collected for charity by placing their own money in a separate purse, lest it appear that they were stealing for themselves some of the money that they gathered for charity. While collecting for charity, a charity collector could not take for personal use money from a friend who owed the charity collector money, and a charity collector could not take for personal use money that the charity collector found on the road.
The Sages taught in a Baraita that they honored the memory of the family that baked the Temple showbread, for they never allowed fine bread to be found in their children's hands. And the Sages honored the memory of the family that made the Temple incense, for they never allowed a bride of their house to go about perfumed. In both cases, the families did so to fulfill the command of that "you shall be clear before the Lord and before Israel" — meaning that people should act so as to avoid even the appearance of transgression.
Commandments
According to Maimonides
Maimonides cited a verse in the parashah for one negative commandment:
Not to transgress in matters that one has forbidden oneself
According to Sefer ha-Chinuch
According to Sefer ha-Chinuch, there is 1 positive and 1 negative commandment in the parashah.
The precept of the law of nullifying vows
That we should not break our word in vows that we make
Haftarah
The haftarah for parashah Matot is The haftarah is the first of three readings of admonition leading up to Tisha B'Av.
When parashah Matot is combined with parashah Masei (as it is in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028, and 2029), the haftarah is the haftarah for parashah Masei:
for Ashkenazi Jews: &
for Sephardi Jews: &
Summary
The haftarah in begins by identifying its words as those of Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah, a priest in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, to whom God's word came in the thirteenth year of the reign of Josiah the son of Amon as king of Judah, in the reign of Josiah's son Jehoiakim, and through the eleventh year of the reign of Josiah's son Zedekiah, when Jerusalem was carried away captive.
God's word came to Jeremiah to say that before God formed him in the womb, God knew him, sanctified him, and appointed him a prophet to the nations. Jeremiah protested that he could not speak, for he was a child, but God told him not to fear, for he would go wherever God would send him, say whatever God would command him to say, and God would be with him to deliver him. Then God touched Jeremiah's mouth and said that God had put words in his mouth and set him over the nations to root out and to pull down, to destroy and to overthrow, to build and to plant. God asked Jeremiah what he saw, he replied that he saw the rod of an almond tree, and God said that he had seen well, for God watches over God's word to perform it.
God's word came to Jeremiah a second time to ask what he saw, he replied that he saw a seething pot tipping from the north, and God said that out of the north evil would break forth upon all Israel. For God would call all the kingdoms of the north to come, and they would set their thrones at Jerusalem's gate, against its walls, and against the cities of Judah. God would utter God's judgments against Judah, as its people had forsaken God and worshipped the work of their own hands. God thus directed Jeremiah to gird his loins, arise, and speak to the Judean people all that God commanded, for God had made Jeremiah a fortified city, an iron pillar, and brazen walls against the land of Judah, its rulers, its priests, and its people. They would fight against him, but they would not prevail, for God would be with him to deliver him.
God's word came to Jeremiah to tell him to go and cry in the ears of Jerusalem that God remembered the affection of her youth, her love as a bride, how she followed God in the wilderness. Israel was God's hallowed portion and God's first-fruits, and all that devoured Israel would be held guilty and evil would come upon them.
Connection to the special Sabbath
The first of three readings of admonition leading up to Tisha B'Av, the haftarah admonishes Judah and Israel in And then in the haftarah concludes with consolation. The Gemara taught that Jeremiah wrote the book of Lamentations, and as Jews read Lamentations on Tisha B'Av, this probably accounts for why a selection from Jeremiah begins the series of haftarot of admonition.
Notes
Further reading
The parashah has parallels or is discussed in these sources:
Biblical
(vow).
(vows).
(vows); (vows); (valuation of vows).
(vows); (trumpets); (the spies); (sharing with the priests and Levites); (vow); (Midianites).
(Reubenites and Gadites); (vows).
(Reubenites and Gadites); (Reubenites and Gadites).
(Midianites).
1 Samuel (vow); (division of booty).
(God avenges); (paying vows); (the righteous shall inherit the land); (men call their lands after their own names); (paying vows); (washing); (performing vows); (value of lives); (vengeance belongs to God); (Peor); (value of lives).
(vows).
Early nonrabbinic
Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 4:7:1, 3. Circa 93–94. In, e.g., The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition. Translated by William Whiston, pages 113–14. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 1987. .
Matthew Antioch, circa 80–90 CE. (vows).
Qur'an: 2:224–226; 5:89; 9:12–13; 16:91–92, 94; 66:2 (vows).
Classical rabbinic
Mishnah: Shabbat 24:5; Chagigah 1:8; Nedarim 1:1–11:11; Gittin 4:7; Kiddushin 3:4; Shevuot 1:1–8:6; Avot 3:13. Land of Israel, circa 200 C.E. In, e.g., The Mishnah: A New Translation. Translated by Jacob Neusner, pages 330, 406–30, 492–93, 620–39, 680. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. .
Tosefta: Peah 4:15; Terumot 5:8; Nedarim 1:1–7:8; Sotah 7:17; Shevuot 1:1–6:7; Keritot 4:15. Land of Israel, circa 250 C.E. In, e.g., The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction. Translated by Jacob Neusner, volume 1, pages 73, 161, 208, 785–805, 864; volume 2, pages 1219–44, 1571. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2002. .
Jerusalem Talmud: Terumot 35b; Bikkurim 6a; Shabbat 45a; Pesachim 74b; Chagigah 7a–b; Nedarim 1a–42b; Nazir 1a, 17a; Sotah 9a; Shevuot 1a–49a. Tiberias, Land of Israel, circa 400 CE. In, e.g., Talmud Yerushalmi. Edited by Chaim Malinowitz, Yisroel Simcha Schorr, and Mordechai Marcus, volumes 7, 12, 14, 19, 27, 33–34, 36, 46. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2008–2019. And in, e.g., The Jerusalem Talmud: A Translation and Commentary. Edited by Jacob Neusner and translated by Jacob Neusner, Tzvee Zahavy, B. Barry Levy, and Edward Goldman. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2009. .
Genesis Rabbah 1:15; 48:10; 55:3; 85:14. Land of Israel, 5th century. In, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Genesis. Translated by Harry Freedman and Maurice Simon, volume 1, pages 13–14, 411–12, 483–84; volume 2, page 799. London: Soncino Press, 1939. .
Babylonian Talmud: Berakhot 8b, 24a, 32a; Shabbat 16b, 58b, 60a, 63b–64a, 157a; Eruvin 63a; Pesachim 13a, 66b; Yoma 38a, 63b; Moed Katan 9a, 16a; Chagigah 10a; Yevamot 29b, 53a, 87a–b, 93a, 108a; Ketubot 40b, 46b–47a, 49a, 52a, 57b, 59a–b, 60b–61a, 70a, 71a–b, 74a, 101a, 102b; Nedarim 2a–91b; Nazir 4b, 12b, 20b, 21b, 23a, 37b, 38b, 61a, 62b; Sotah 3a, 13b, 43a; Gittin 35b, 75a, 85a; Kiddushin 3b, 61a, 78a, 81b; Bava Kamma 25b, 61a; Bava Metzia 94a, 96a; Bava Batra 2b, 120b; Sanhedrin 39a, 90a, 106a; Makkot 11a, 16a; Shevuot 2a–49b; Avodah Zarah 67b, 75b; Zevachim 97a, 113b; Menachot 77b; Chullin 25b; Arakhin 20b; Temurah 6b, 13a; Keritot 6b; Niddah 46a–b. Babylonia, 6th Century. In, e.g., Talmud Bavli. Edited by Yisroel Simcha Schorr, Chaim Malinowitz, and Mordechai Marcus, 72 volumes. Brooklyn: Mesorah Pubs., 2006.
Medieval
Rashi. Commentary. Numbers 30–32. Troyes, France, late 11th Century. In, e.g., Rashi. The Torah: With Rashi's Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, volume 4, pages 369–401. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. .
Rashbam. Commentary on the Torah. Troyes, early 12th century. In, e.g., Rashbam's Commentary on Leviticus and Numbers: An Annotated Translation. Edited and translated by Martin I. Lockshin, pages 285–92. Providence: Brown Judaic Studies, 2001. .
Numbers Rabbah 22:1–9. 12th Century. In, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Numbers. Translated by Judah J. Slotki, volume 6, pages 853–62. London: Soncino Press, 1939. .
Abraham ibn Ezra. Commentary on the Torah. Mid-12th century. In, e.g., Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Pentateuch: Numbers (Ba-Midbar). Translated and annotated by H. Norman Strickman and Arthur M. Silver, pages 238–55. New York: Menorah Publishing Company, 1999. .
Maimonides. Mishneh Torah: Hilchot Sh'vuot (The Laws of Oaths) and Hilchot Nedarim (The Laws of Vows). Egypt, circa 1170–1180. In, e.g., Mishneh Torah: Sefer Hafla'ah: The Book of Utterances. Translated by Eliyahu Touger, pages 12–237. New York: Moznaim Publishing, 2003. .
Maimonides. The Guide for the Perplexed, part 1, chapter 36; part 3, chapters 39, 40. Cairo, Egypt, 1190. In, e.g., Moses Maimonides. The Guide for the Perplexed. Translated by Michael Friedländer, pages 51, 340, 344. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. .
Hezekiah ben Manoah. Hizkuni. France, circa 1240. In, e.g., Chizkiyahu ben Manoach. Chizkuni: Torah Commentary. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 4, pages 1021–35. Jerusalem: Ktav Publishers, 2013. .
Nachmanides. Commentary on the Torah. Jerusalem, circa 1270. In, e.g., Ramban (Nachmanides): Commentary on the Torah: Numbers. Translated by Charles B. Chavel, volume 4, pages 344–81. New York: Shilo Publishing House, 1975. .
Zohar part 3, page 241b. Spain, late 13th Century. In, e.g., The Zohar. Translated by Harry Sperling and Maurice Simon. 5 volumes. London: Soncino Press, 1934.
Jacob ben Asher (Baal Ha-Turim). Rimze Ba'al ha-Turim. Early 14th century. In, e.g., Baal Haturim Chumash: Bamidbar/Numbers. Translated by Eliyahu Touger, edited and annotated by Avie Gold, volume 4, pages 1711–43. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 2003. .
Jacob ben Asher. Perush Al ha-Torah. Early 14th century. In, e.g., Yaakov ben Asher. Tur on the Torah. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 3, pages 1202–15. Jerusalem: Lambda Publishers, 2005. .
Isaac ben Moses Arama. Akedat Yizhak (The Binding of Isaac). Late 15th century. In, e.g., Yitzchak Arama. Akeydat Yitzchak: Commentary of Rabbi Yitzchak Arama on the Torah. Translated and condensed by Eliyahu Munk, volume 2, pages 791–95. New York, Lambda Publishers, 2001. .
Modern
Isaac Abravanel. Commentary on the Torah. Italy, between 1492–1509. In, e.g., Abarbanel: Selected Commentaries on the Torah: Volume 4: Bamidbar/Numbers. Translated and annotated by Israel Lazar, pages 318–24. Brooklyn: CreateSpace, 2015. .
Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno. Commentary on the Torah. Venice, 1567. In, e.g., Sforno: Commentary on the Torah. Translation and explanatory notes by Raphael Pelcovitz, pages 802–13. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1997. .
Moshe Alshich. Commentary on the Torah. Safed, circa 1593. In, e.g., Moshe Alshich. Midrash of Rabbi Moshe Alshich on the Torah. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 3, pages 926–40. New York, Lambda Publishers, 2000. .
Saul Levi Morteira. “Eulogy for Moses de Mercado.” Budapest, 1652. In Marc Saperstein. Exile in Amsterdam: Saul Levi Morteira’s Sermons to a Congregation of “New Jews,” pages 536–43. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College Press, 2005. .
Shabbethai Bass. Sifsei Chachamim. Amsterdam, 1680. In, e.g., Sefer Bamidbar: From the Five Books of the Torah: Chumash: Targum Okelos: Rashi: Sifsei Chachamim: Yalkut: Haftaros, translated by Avrohom Y. Davis, pages 534–89. Lakewood Township, New Jersey: Metsudah Publications, 2013.
Chaim ibn Attar. Ohr ha-Chaim. Venice, 1742. In Chayim ben Attar. Or Hachayim: Commentary on the Torah. Translated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 4, pages 1700–39. Brooklyn: Lambda Publishers, 1999. .
Samson Raphael Hirsch. Horeb: A Philosophy of Jewish Laws and Observances. Translated by Isidore Grunfeld, pages 276, 314–52. London: Soncino Press, 1962. Reprinted 2002 . Originally published as Horeb, Versuche über Jissroel's Pflichten in der Zerstreuung. Germany, 1837.
Samuel David Luzzatto (Shadal). Commentary on the Torah. Padua, 1871. In, e.g., Samuel David Luzzatto. Torah Commentary. Translated and annotated by Eliyahu Munk, volume 4, pages 1113–20. New York: Lambda Publishers, 2012. .
Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter. Sefat Emet. Góra Kalwaria (Ger), Poland, before 1906. Excerpted in The Language of Truth: The Torah Commentary of Sefat Emet. Translated and interpreted by Arthur Green, pages 269–74. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1998. . Reprinted 2012. .
Alexander Alan Steinbach. Sabbath Queen: Fifty-four Bible Talks to the Young Based on Each Portion of the Pentateuch, pages 132–35. New York: Behrman's Jewish Book House, 1936.
Julius H. Greenstone. Numbers: With Commentary: The Holy Scriptures, pages 311–37. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1939. Reprinted by Literary Licensing, 2011. .
G. Henton Davies. “Vows.” In The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, volume 4, pages 792–94. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1962.
J. Roy Porter. "The Succession of Joshua." In Proclamation and Presence: Old Testament Essays in Honour of Gwynne Henton Davies. Edited by John I. Durham and J. Roy Porter, pages 102–32. London: SCM Press, 1970. .
Carol L. Meyers. "The Roots of Restriction: Women in Early Israel." Biblical Archaeologist, volume 41 (number 3) (September 1978).
Philip J. Budd. Word Biblical Commentary: Volume 5: Numbers, pages 320–47. Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1984. .
Pinchas H. Peli. Torah Today: A Renewed Encounter with Scripture, pages 189–93. Washington, D.C.: B'nai B'rith Books, 1987. .
Michael Fishbane. Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel, pages 82, 171, 258–60, 304. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985. .
Jacob Milgrom. The JPS Torah Commentary: Numbers: The Traditional Hebrew Text with the New JPS Translation, pages 250–77, 488–96. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1990. .
Mark S. Smith. The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel, pages 2, 48. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 1990. . ( ).
Lawrence H. Schiffman. “The Law of Vows and Oaths (Num. 30, 3–16) in the ‘Zadokite Fragments’ and the ‘Temple Scroll.’” Revue de Qumrân, volume 15 (number 1/2) (57/58) (September 1991): pages 199–214.
Mary Douglas. In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers, pages xix, 60, 86, 100, 103, 106, 108–10, 112, 120–21, 123, 126, 135, 141, 147, 160, 170–71, 183, 185–86, 199, 218, 222, 242. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Reprinted 2004. .
Judith S. Antonelli. "A Woman's Vow." In In the Image of God: A Feminist Commentary on the Torah, pages 383–91. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson, 1995. .
Ellen Frankel. The Five Books of Miriam: A Woman's Commentary on the Torah, pages 237–41. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1996. .
W. Gunther Plaut. The Haftarah Commentary, pages 407–15. New York: UAHC Press, 1996. .
Sorel Goldberg Loeb and Barbara Binder Kadden. Teaching Torah: A Treasury of Insights and Activities, pages 278–83. Denver: A.R.E. Publishing, 1997. .
Susan Freeman. Teaching Jewish Virtues: Sacred Sources and Arts Activities, pages 69–84. Springfield, New Jersey: A.R.E. Publishing, 1999. . ().
Baruch A. Levine. Numbers 21–36, volume 4A, pages 423–507. New York: Anchor Bible, 2000. .
Stacy K. Offner. "Women Speak Louder Than Words." In The Women's Torah Commentary: New Insights from Women Rabbis on the 54 Weekly Torah Portions. Edited by Elyse Goldstein, pages 315–20. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing, 2000. .
Dennis T. Olson. “Numbers.” In The HarperCollins Bible Commentary. Edited by James L. Mays, pages 185–87. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, revised edition, 2000. .
Lainie Blum Cogan and Judy Weiss. Teaching Haftarah: Background, Insights, and Strategies, pages 364–73. Denver: A.R.E. Publishing, 2002. .
Michael Fishbane. The JPS Bible Commentary: Haftarot, pages 255–69. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2002. .
Robert Alter. The Five Books of Moses: A Translation with Commentary, pages 838–51. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2004. .
Moshe J. Bernstein. “Women and Children in Legal and Liturgical Texts from Qumran.” Dead Sea Discoveries, volume 11 (number 2) (2004): pages 191–211.
Rachel R. Bovitz. “Haftarat Mattot: Jeremiah 1:1–2:3.” In The Women's Haftarah Commentary: New Insights from Women Rabbis on the 54 Weekly Haftarah Portions, the 5 Megillot & Special Shabbatot. Edited by Elyse Goldstein, pages 200–05. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing, 2004. .
Nili S. Fox. "Numbers." In The Jewish Study Bible. Edited by Adele Berlin and Marc Zvi Brettler, pages 343–49. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. .
Professors on the Parashah: Studies on the Weekly Torah Reading Edited by Leib Moscovitz, pages 284–89. Jerusalem: Urim Publications, 2005. .
W. Gunther Plaut. The Torah: A Modern Commentary: Revised Edition. Revised edition edited by David E.S. Stern, pages 1099–115. New York: Union for Reform Judaism, 2006. .
Suzanne A. Brody. "Gag Rule." In Dancing in the White Spaces: The Yearly Torah Cycle and More Poems, page 101. Shelbyville, Kentucky: Wasteland Press, 2007. .
James L. Kugel. How To Read the Bible: A Guide to Scripture, Then and Now, page 64, 303, 340, 404. New York: Free Press, 2007. .
Daryl F. Jefferies. “Scripture, Wisdom, and Authority in 4QInstruction: Understanding the Use of Numbers 30:8–9 in 4Q416.” Hebrew Studies, volume 49 (2008): pages 87–98.
The Torah: A Women's Commentary. Edited by Tamara Cohn Eskenazi and Andrea L. Weiss, pages 989–1012. New York: URJ Press, 2008. .
R. Dennis Cole. "Numbers." In Zondervan Illustrated Bible Backgrounds Commentary. Edited by John H. Walton, volume 1, pages 390–95. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2009. .
Lisa Edwards. “Going Ahead: Parashat Matot (Numbers 30:2–32:42).” In Torah Queeries: Weekly Commentaries on the Hebrew Bible. Edited by Gregg Drinkwater, Joshua Lesser, and David Shneer; foreword by Judith Plaskow, pages 220–23. New York: New York University Press, 2009. .
Reuven Hammer. Entering Torah: Prefaces to the Weekly Torah Portion, pages 243–47. New York: Gefen Publishing House, 2009. .
John P. Meier. "The Prohibition of Oaths." In A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus: Volume Four: Law and Love, pages 182–234. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. .
Terence E. Fretheim. “Numbers.” In The New Oxford Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version with the Apocrypha: An Ecumenical Study Bible. Edited by Michael D. Coogan, Marc Z. Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, and Pheme Perkins, pages 234–39. New York: Oxford University Press, Revised 4th Edition 2010. .
The Commentators' Bible: Numbers: The JPS Miqra'ot Gedolot. Edited, translated, and annotated by Michael Carasik, pages 219–37. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2011. .
Daniel Landes. “Choice, Commitment, Cancellation: Vows and Oaths in Jewish Law.” In All These Vows: Kol Nidre. Edited by Lawrence A. Hoffman. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing, 2011. .
Calum Carmichael. "Sexual and Religious Seduction (Numbers 25–31)." In The Book of Numbers: A Critique of Genesis, pages 135–58. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012. .
William G. Dever. The Lives of Ordinary People in Ancient Israel: When Archaeology and the Bible Intersect, page 246. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2012. .
Jonathan Haidt. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, page 256. New York: Pantheon, 2012. . (prohibition of oath-breaking as an evolutionary advantage).
Shmuel Herzfeld. "Women and Tallit." In Fifty-Four Pick Up: Fifteen-Minute Inspirational Torah Lessons, pages 238–45. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 2012. .
Shlomo Riskin. Torah Lights: Bemidbar: Trials and Tribulations in Times of Transition, pages 243–67. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2012. .
Francis Nataf. "The Great Educator: Moses understood that the way to correct mistakes lay in tireless and forward-thinking educational efforts." The Jerusalem Report, volume 24 (number 7) (July 15, 2013): page 47.
Erica Brown. “The only place that matters.” The Jerusalem Report, volume 24 (July 8, 2014).
Bill Rudolph. “Unifying Force: What Kind of Leader Do the Jewish People Really Want?” The Jerusalem Report, volume 26 (number 7) (July 27, 2015): page 47.
Jonathan Sacks. Lessons in Leadership: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible, pages 227–31. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2015. .
Jonathan Sacks. Essays on Ethics: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible, pages 263–67. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2016. .
Shai Held. The Heart of Torah, Volume 2: Essays on the Weekly Torah Portion: Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, pages 179–90. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2017. .
Steven Levy and Sarah Levy. The JPS Rashi Discussion Torah Commentary, pages 141–43. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2017. .
Jonathan Sacks. Numbers: The Wilderness Years: Covenant & Conversation: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible, pages 361–89. New Milford, Connecticut: Maggid Books, 2017. .
External links
Texts
Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation
Hear the parashah chanted
Hear the parashah read in Hebrew
Commentaries
Academy for Jewish Religion, New York
Aish.com
Akhlah: The Jewish Children's Learning Network
Aleph Beta Academy
American Jewish University — Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies
Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles
Ari Goldwag
Ascent of Safed
Bar-Ilan University
Chabad.org
eparsha.com
G-dcast
The Israel Koschitzky Virtual Beit Midrash
Jewish Agency for Israel
Jewish Theological Seminary
Kabbala Online
Mechon Hadar
Miriam Aflalo
MyJewishLearning.com
Ohr Sameach
Orthodox Union
OzTorah, Torah from Australia
Oz Ve Shalom — Netivot Shalom
Pardes from Jerusalem
Professor James L. Kugel
Professor Michael Carasik
Rabbi Fabian Werbin
Rabbi Jonathan Sacks
RabbiShimon.com
Rabbi Shlomo Riskin
Rabbi Shmuel Herzfeld
Rabbi Stan Levin
Reconstructionist Judaism
Sephardic Institute
Shiur.com
613.org Jewish Torah Audio
Tanach Study Center
Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill
TheTorah.com
Torah from Dixie
Torah.org
TorahVort.com
Union for Reform Judaism
United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
What's Bothering Rashi?
Yeshiva University
Yeshivat Chovevei Torah
Category:Weekly Torah readings in Av
Category:Weekly Torah readings in Tammuz (Hebrew month)
Category:Weekly Torah readings from Numbers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Synagogue in the Agora of Athens
The Synagogue in the Agora of Athens is an ancient synagogue located in the Ancient Agora of Athens.
During an excavation in the summer of 1977, a piece of Pentelic marble apparently once part of a curvilinear frieze over a doorway or niche was discovered a few meters from the northeast corner of the Metroon. The marble fragment is incised with the images of a seven-branched Menorah and a Lulav, or palm branch. The synagogue is thought to date from the period between 267 and 396 CE.
Biblical reference
The apostle Paul is said in the Book of Acts to have visited a synagogue in Athens. The identity of that synagogue cannot be firmly established.
See also
History of the Jews in Greece
Oldest synagogues in the world
References
Category:Ancient synagogues
Category:Hellenistic Judaism
Category:Synagogues in Athens
Category:Ancient Agora of Athens | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Daniel Slaughter
Daniel Slaughter may refer to:
D. French Slaughter Jr. (1925–1998), member of the United States House of Representatives
Daniel F. Slaughter (1799–1882), Virginia planter and politician | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Andrew Lycett
Andrew Lycett, FRSL is an English biographer and journalist.
Lycett was educated at Charterhouse School and studied history at Christ Church, Oxford. He then worked for a while for The Times as a correspondent in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. He has written several well-received biographies and he is best known for his biography of Ian Fleming, Ian Fleming: The Man Behind James Bond.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2009 and he is a Fellow in 2014.
He lives and writes in London.
Bibliography
Books
Ian Fleming (W&N, 1995); US title, Ian Fleming: The man behind James Bond (Turner Publishing, 1995)
From Diamond Sculls to Golden Handcuffs: A history of Rowe & Pitman (London: Robert Hale, 1999) – stockbrokers established by George D. Rowe and Frederick I. Pitman
Rudyard Kipling (W&N, 1999)
Barrack-Room Ballads, Rudyard Kipling (2001?) – an edition of Barrack-Room Ballads and other verses (1892) annotated by Lycett
Dylan Thomas: A new life (W&N, 2003)
Conan Doyle: The man who created Sherlock Holmes (W&N, 2007); US title, The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The life and times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (Free Press, 2007)
Kipling Abroad: Traffics and discoveries from Burma to Brazil, Rudyard Kipling, edited by Lycett (I.B. Tauris, 2010)
Wilkie Collins: A life of sensation (Hutchinson & Co., 2013)
Book reviews
References
External links
Category:Living people
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:English biographers
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Category:History Today people
Category:People educated at Charterhouse School | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mamer Castle
Mamer Castle (, , ) is the town hall for the commune of Mamer, in south-western Luxembourg. It is the home of the communal council, the site of local government offices, and the centre of administration for communal services.
It is located on Place de l'Indépendance near the centre of the town. It is made up of four buildings, set in recently landscaped surroundings. At the main entrance, there is a sculpture of Nicolas Frantz, two-time Tour de France winner, and Josy Barthel, Luxembourg's only Olympic gold medallist, both of whom were born in Mamer.
History
A castle was originally built in Mamer in the 10th century. By the French Revolutionary Wars, it had fallen into ruin, and was seized and sold off by the occupying French forces in 1798 to Thierry de Bastogne. Police chief Frederic François built a new castle on the site in 1830, surrounded by a 2-metre high wall. It passed hands to Jacques Fischer and Julie Kremer in 1934, surrounded by 1.72 hectares of farmland.
In 1995, the property was purchased by the communal administration, which, in 1997, voted unanimously on 4 June 1997 to restore it. This was done between September 1999 and February 2002. The communal administration has been located at Mamer Castle since 1 March 2002. Mamer Castle was the location of the draw for the 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, which was held in Luxembourg.
See also
List of castles in Luxembourg
References
Castle
Category:City and town halls in Luxembourg
Category:Castles in Luxembourg
Category:Houses completed in 1830
Category:Architecture of Luxembourg
Category:1830 establishments in the Netherlands | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Inrō
An is a traditional Japanese case for holding small objects, suspended from the obi (sash) worn around the waist. They are often highly decorated, in a variety of materials and techniques, in particular often using lacquer.
Because traditional Japanese robes lacked pockets, objects were often carried by hanging them from the obi in containers known as sagemono (a Japanese generic term for a hanging object attached to a sash). Most sagemono were created for specialized contents, such as tobacco, pipes, writing brush and ink, but the type known as inrō was suitable for carrying anything small.
The term inrō derives from the Sino-Japanese roots in (from Middle Chinese jin "seal") and rō (MC luwng "cage").
Description
Consisting of a stack of tiny, nested boxes, inrō were most commonly used to carry identity seals and medicine. The stack of boxes is held together by a cord that is laced through cord runners down one side, under the bottom, and up the opposite side. The ends of the cord are secured to a netsuke, a kind of toggle that is passed between the sash and pants and then hooked over the top of the sash to suspend the inrō. An ojime, or bead, is provided on the cords between the inrō and netsuke to hold the boxes together. This bead is slid down the two suspension cords to the top of the inrō to hold the stack together while the inrō is worn, and slid up to the netsuke when the boxes need to be unstacked to access their contents. Inrō were made of a variety of materials, including wood, ivory, bone, and lacquer. Lacquer was also used to decorate inrō made of other materials.
Inrō, like the ojime and netsuke they were associated with, evolved over time from strictly utilitarian articles into objects of high art and immense craftsmanship.
Gallery
See also
Sporran
References
Bushell, Raymond "The Inrō Handbook", Weatherhill, 2002.
"Legend in Japanese Art" by Henri L. Joly; 1908/1967; Charles E. Tuttle, Rutland VT;
External links
Netsuke: masterpieces from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains many examples of Inrō
Birmingham Museums & Art Gallery
Category:Fashion accessories
Category:Japanese lacquerware
Category:Japanese words and phrases
Category:Japanese woodwork
Category:Nested containers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1887 Meath Senior Football Championship
The 1887 Meath Football Championship was the first edition of the Meath GAA's premier inter-county Gaelic football tournament, for the 12 clubs that chose to participate. The final was played on Sunday 17 April 1887, with Dowdstown (later to become Walterstown) winning by 1-0 to 0-0 against Kells. Unlike later Meath Football Championships, there were no groups and it was an open draw.
Dowdstown, as county champions, went on to represent Meath in the 1887 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, also the first All-Ireland Championship, but lost to Commercials of Limerick in the First Round.
Format
The 1887 championship was held as an open-draw knockout tournament.
Participating Clubs
The clubs that chose to participate were:
Results
In 1887 point posts flanked the goalposts. A forfeit point was awarded to the opposition when a defender kicked the ball over his own end line. Forfeit points were counted when the scores were level at the end of the game. A forfeit point is represented as 0-0-1 (Goal-Point-Forfeit).
First Round
Second Round
Semi-Final
Final
Kells objected to the result maintaining that the Dowdstown goal was unjustly scored. A subsequent County Committee meeting did not accept the objection. Kells submitted the dispute to the Central Executive. No record can be found of the result of this objection other than Dowdstown were eventually declared winners of the 1887 Meath Football Championship.
References
First Meeting of Meath County Committee and Result of First Championship
External links
Category:Meath Senior Football Championship
Meath Senior Football Championship | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2012 in archaeology
The year 2012 in archaeology involved some significant events.
Explorations
January - Discovery of a first-century farmhouse on the building site of the new stadium in the south of Marseille.
Excavations
June 6 - Excavators from Museum of London Archaeology announce that they have uncovered the remains of the Elizabethan Curtain Theatre in Shoreditch.
August 24 - The University of Leicester Archaeological Services and Leicester City Council, in association with the Richard III Society, announce that they have joined forces to begin a search for the site of Greyfriars, Leicester, burial place of King Richard III of England. On September 5 the excavators announce that they have identified the church. and on September 12 it is announced that a skeleton discovered during the search could have been that of Richard III, a supposition confirmed in 2013.
October - Remains of substantial Mesolithic buildings are identified in Britain at Echline in Scotland, Lunt Meadows at Sefton, Merseyside and from new investigations at Starr Carr in North Yorkshire.
December - Archaeologists complete excavation of a 900-seat Athenaeum from the time of the Emperor Hadrian in Rome discovered during work on a Metro line at Piazza Venezia.
Excavation of working-class back-to-back houses from the Industrial Revolution period at Chapel Street in Salford, Greater Manchester, England.
Excavations at Holt Castle in Wales begin.
Finds
Discovery of a rock inscription confirming the existence of Iry-Hor, the earliest ruler of Egypt known by name.
January
The use of maize in Peru as early as 4700 BCE is confirmed.
Evidence for early Mayan tobacco use is published.
Discovery that the Vikings grew barley in Greenland.
February 17 - Alabaster colossus of pharaoh Amenhotep III is discovered.
March - Discovery of an inscribed doorjamb at Karnak giving the hitherto unknown titulary of pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose.
March - A 7th century grave near Cambridge in England provides an early example of the transition from pagan Anglo-Saxon to Christian burial practices.
March 30 - In Georgia, archeologists report unearthing jars containing what they believe to be the world's oldest honey.
May - The oldest Mayan astronomical calendar discovered so far, from the 9th century, is reported from Xultun.
May 9 - Archaeologists announce discovery on The Burren in Ireland of evidence of settlement from 6000 BCE.
May 19 - The National Trust for Scotland announce that the first cursing stone to be found in the country, dated to circa 800, has been discovered on Canna.
May 22 - The Bedale Hoard, a hoard of forty-eight silver and gold items dating from the late 9th to early 10th century AD is discovered in a field near Bedale, North Yorkshire by metal detectorists.
June 25 - In the Channel Island of Jersey, the discovery of the Grouville Hoard of an estimated 30,000 – 50,000 Roman and Celtic coins by metal detectorists is announced.
July
Discovery of 15th century underwear at Lengberg Castle in Austria is confirmed.
The wreck of the polar expedition ship Terra Nova is discovered off Greenland by the Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor.
September - A beeswax filling is discovered in the cracked tooth of a Neolithic man in Slovenia.
October - In Jersey, the Trinity Hoard of Bronze Age tools and weapons is discovered.
November - 2,400-year-old golden treasure near the Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari, Bulgaria.
December - Discovery near Canterbury, England, of a 1st-century Iron Age bronze helmet containing a bag of cremated human remains is announced.
Events
February - Completion of whole genome sequencing on Ötzi (d. c.3255 BCE) identifies his paternal DNA with Sardinia.
July - Mausoleums and a mosque in Timbuktu (Mali) are deliberately attacked by rebels, a war crime for which Ahmad al-Mahdi in 2016 pleads guilty before the International Criminal Court.
Deaths
July 19: Brian Dobson, British archaeologist notable for work on Hadrian's Wall and the Roman Army (b. 1931)
July 29: James Mellaart, British archaeologist. (b. 1925)
See also
List of years in archaeology
References
Archaeology
Category:Archaeology by year
Archaeology, 2012 In | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Every Beat of My Heart (song)
"Every Beat of My Heart" is a rhythm and blues song by Johnny Otis. It was first recorded in 1954 by his group, The Royals (later to be known as The Midnighters). In 1961 Gladys Knight & the Pips recorded the song for their debut single on the Vee-Jay label. Credited to The Pips, it was the first of eleven releases by the group to make it to number one on the R&B/soul chart. It was also the group's first top ten on the Billboard Hot 100. "Every Beat of My Heart" was first recorded for the Huntom label, who later sold the master to Vee-Jay. At the time of the song's release, The Pips were on the Fury label where they re-recorded the song without piano. In an unusual occurrence, the Fury recording of the song also made the top twenty on the R&B Sides chart and also made the Hot 100.
James Brown recorded an instrumental version of "Every Beat of My Heart" with his band which was released as the B-side of his 1963 single "Like a Baby" and charted #99 Pop.
References
Category:1961 singles
Category:1963 singles
Category:Gladys Knight & the Pips songs
Category:James Brown songs
Category:Debut singles
Category:Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles
Category:Songs written by Johnny Otis
Category:King Records (United States) singles
Category:1961 songs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
El Baile Interior
La Revuelta is the Eleventh album by the Argentine rock band Bersuit Vergarabat. The second album recorded by Bersuit without the main singer and one of the founders of the band, Gustavo Cordera.
Track listing
Personnel
Alberto Verenzuela – guitar, vocals
Oscar Humberto Righi – guitar
Carlos E. Martín – drums
Rene Isel Céspedes – bass, vocals
Daniel Suárez – vocals
Germán Sbarbatti – vocals
Juan Subirá – keyboards
References
Category:2014 albums
Category:Bersuit Vergarabat albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hemsön
Hemsön is an island in the Bothnian Sea, northeast of Härnösand, at the mouth of the Ångerman River. The area is 54 km² and the population is 140 (2006).
References
Category:Islands of Västernorrland County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1996 Miami Hurricanes football team
The 1996 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami during the 1996 NCAA Division I FBS football season. It was the Hurricanes' 71st season of football and 6th as a member of the Big East Conference. The Hurricanes were led by second-year head coach Butch Davis and played their home games at the Orange Bowl. They finished the season 9–3 overall and 6–1 in the Big East to finish as conference co-champion. They were invited to the Carquest Bowl where they defeated Virginia, 31-21.
Personnel
Coaching staff
Support staff
Roster
Schedule
Statistics
Passing
Rushing
Receiving
References
Miami Hurricanes
Category:Miami Hurricanes football seasons
Hurr
Category:Camping World Bowl champion seasons | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Can't Stop Dancing
Can't Stop Dancing is a 1999 feature-length film written and directed by Steven Falick and Ben Zook and starring Ben Zook.
Plot
Randy Rubio, a leader of a small-time dance troupe, learns that their fifteen-year run at a Kansas theme park is coming to an end. So they pack their bus and move to Hollywood, where Randy's convinced fame and fortune await them in this satire of 1980s pop musicals.
References
External links
Category:1999 films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:1990s comedy films
Category:American comedy films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Shōjaku Station
is a railway station on the Hankyu Kyoto Line and is in Hankyu Shojaku, Settsu, Osaka. It serves students of the nearby Osaka Gakuin University. Only local trains stop at the station.
The station adjoins a yard and a workshop of Hankyu Railway.
The station opened on January 16, 1928.
Layout
The station has 2 island platforms serving 2 tracks each, and one track connecting to Shojaku Depot and Workshop, located in the north of Line 2 served by the eastbound platform.
Local trains for Umeda and Tengachaya arrive at Line 5 during the non-rush hour to let limited express trains and semi-express trains pass Line 4.
Stations next to Shōjaku
References
External links
Shojaku Station from Hankyu Railway website
Category:Railway stations opened in 1928
Category:Railway stations in Osaka Prefecture
Category:Hankyu Kyoto Main Line | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Deadliest Warrior
Deadliest Warrior is a television program in which information on historical or modern warriors and their weapons are used to determine which of them is the "deadliest" based upon tests performed during each episode. The show was characterized by its use of data compiled in creating a dramatization of the warriors' battle to the death. The show ran for three seasons.
Development
The show was originally developed by Morningstar Entertainment, and has since moved to production company 44 Blue. The showrunner (supervising producer) in the first season was Tim Prokop. Tim Warren became the showrunner during the second season and continued with the show during its move to 44 Blue and the third season. The historical adviser in the first and second season and associate producer in the second season was Barry C. Jacobsen; who represented the Spartan Team in Season 1. He also worked with associate producer Ryo Okada on content preparation and warrior selection for the first two seasons.
Format
Episodes begin with the introduction of either two types of historical or contemporary warriors or two historical individuals. The history, culture, and general fighting philosophies of each are explained. The explanations are accompanied by segments showing actors performing dramatized scenes that are meant to depict the daily lives of the actual fighters. Two teams of experts (of either the history or martial abilities of the warriors) are brought onto the show to test weapons spotlighted as being used by each of the warriors. Typically, the different weapons are organized into four categories (and as of season 3, three categories): short range, mid range, long range, and special weapons (usually absent in season 3). However, some episodes (for instance, "Green Berets vs. Spetsnaz") have had as many as six categories. Matt Anderson and Sonny Puzikas, the experts for the "Green Beret vs. Spetsnaz" episode, have suggested that the teams are assigned weapons by the producers and that they have little influence in the production of the acted simulations.
The teams test the assigned weapons on various targets including human silhouette targets, mannequins, pig and cattle carcasses, and ballistics gel torsos, heads, limbs, etc. Additionally, pressure mats, accelerometers, chronometers, and other measuring tools are used to test such figures as the striking force and speed of each weapon. Sometimes, the targets are covered with armor that is representative of what would be worn by the warrior's opponent. While the damage inflicted on the armor by the weapon is factored into the weapon's effectiveness, the defensive ability of armor isn't included as a separate category on the show in the first two seasons (with the exception of Pirate vs. Knight). All of the weapon tests are recorded with high speed photography, and the results are fed into a computer that measures the damage each weapon is capable of inflicting. The producers and hosts then compare the results for each of the weapon categories and determine which weapon they feel will give its warrior an edge in that category during the simulation. However, the hosts of the show have admitted that their choice of which weapon gets the edge has no effect on the final results.
The data collected from the weapons tests is fed into a computer simulation based on an unreleased commercial game engine to determine the average winner of one thousand battles, and starting with season 3, a new system created by Pipeworks Software determines the winner based on five thousand battles. These results are then used to create a fictional battle reenactment (between two characters or two small groups) performed by actors. After the battle dramatization has ended, the number of killing blows (or effectiveness percentages in season 3) attained by each weapon during the computer simulations is revealed. Episodes conclude with the hosts and guests commenting on why they agree or disagree with the outcome of the match.
Hosts
In its first two seasons, the show was hosted by three commentators: Geoff Desmoulin (biomedical scientist and high speed camera operator), Dr. Armand Dorian, (medical consultant), and Max Geiger (simulations programmer). All three provided commentary throughout the show, as well as technical details of each weapons test. The show is narrated by actor David Wenham, using the pseudonym "Drew Skye".
Broadcast
Pilot
The pilot episode was Spartan vs Ninja. Shot in 2007, the pilot was unique in not being staged in the "Fight Club" in Los Angeles; but instead in Santa Clarita, CA. While most episodes shot in three days, this pilot episode took over seven days to film. The Thermopylae and other Spartan reenactment scenes were shot near the Hollywood sign, at Bronson Caves in the Hollywood Hills. Though the pilot was used by Morningstar Productions to sell the series to Spike TV, this episode aired as the third episode in season 1.
Season 1
The first season premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET. Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for season 1. Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.
Season 2
The second season had 13 episodes which began airing on April 20, 2010, with the last episode airing on July 27, 2010.
Season 3
The third season had 10 episodes, running from July 20, 2011 to September 14, ending with a two-episode finale. Unlike the first two seasons, which consisted primarily of one-on-one battles, every episode of season 3 had squad-on-squad fights. Geiger did not return for season 3. He was replaced by military software developer Robert Daly, who designed the new simulation program. However, it was discovered that he was being misleading about his military service, serving in intelligence and not a combat role. Former Navy SEAL Richard "Mack" Machowicz, who analyzes the history and strategy of the warriors, was added to demonstrate a warrior's perspective among the hosts. Dave Baker, veteran weapons maker since season one, was given his own segment in which he gives background information used to recreate the show's weapons.
Episode list
Season 1
Apache vs. Gladiator
Viking vs. Samurai
Spartan vs. Ninja
Pirate vs. Knight
Yakuza vs. Mafia
Green Berets vs. Spetznaz
Shaolin Monk vs. Maori Warrior
William Wallace vs. Shaka Zulu
Irish Republican Army vs. Taliban
Season 2
SWAT vs. GSG 9
Attila the Hun vs. Alexander the Great
Jesse James vs. Al Capone
Aztec Jaguar vs. Zande Warrior
Nazi Waffen-SS vs. Viet Cong
Roman Centurion vs. Rajput Warrior
Somali Pirate vs. Medellin Cartel
Persian Immortal vs. Celt
KGB vs. CIA
Vlad the Impaler vs. Sun Tzu
Ming Warriors vs. Musketeers
Comanche vs. Mongol
Navy Seal vs. Israeli Commando
Season 3
George Washington vs. Napoleon Bonaparte
William the Conqueror vs. Joan of Arc
U.S. Army Rangers vs. N.K. Special Operations Forces
Genghis Khan vs. Hannibal
Saddam Hussein vs. Pol Pot
Teddy Roosevelt vs. Lawrence of Arabia
Ivan the Terrible vs. Hernan Cortes
Crazy Horse vs. Pancho Villa
French Foreign Legion vs. Gurkhas
Vampires vs. Zombies
Reaction
After three episodes, Deadliest Warrior averaged 1.7 million viewers. On July 7, 2009, the program (specifically the "IRA vs. Taliban" episode) was ridiculed during the first episode of You Have Been Watching, a British television review and panel game hosted by critic Charlie Brooker. The show was featured on You Have Been Watching, before its premiere in the UK on August 11, 2009, on Bravo. Bravo only aired eight episodes in the UK, with "IRA vs Taliban" omitted.
Writing for Variety, Brian Lowry described it as "90% filler" and that "it makes a Universal Studios stunt show look like Masterpiece Theatre."
Cancellation
As of January 2012, Geoff Desmoulin announced on his Twitter profile that Spike had canceled the series.
Other media
Web series
Deadliest Warrior: the Aftermath
Starting with Spartan vs. Ninja, a web series on Spike.com was created. Produced in a roundtable format, and hosted by Kieron Elliot (of the William Wallace team), it serves as a liaison between those watching the show and its producers, hosts, and experts. During The Aftermath, the producers focus on a specific match-up, and debate the issues pertaining to the episode raised by viewers in internet forums. It was created to answer questions from viewers, address its perceived inconsistencies, and provide a commentary from contributors.
For the episode "U.S. Army Rangers vs. North Korean Special Operations Forces", The Aftermath was broadcast live on TV from the Aftermath Studios in Los Angeles. Hosted by Kieron Elliot, fans got a chance to vote online at dwlive.spike.com for who they thought was going to win the final battle at the end of the episode. Joining Elliot were show regulars Geoff Desmoulin, Armand Dorian, and Richard Machowicz to discuss the outcome of the episode. The segment also invited a special guest to talk about the show: retired Lieutenant Colonel Steve Russell who was a key player in the hunt and capture of Saddam Hussein. The same was done for the season finale of Gurkhas vs. French Foreign Legion/Vampires vs. Zombies, featuring Steve Niles and Matt Mogk in the later portion.
Deadliest Warrior: Armory
Starting with "Genghis Khan vs. Hannibal", another online web series started. The show goes more in-depth regarding one weapon for each warrior in the same category, giving its history, specifications, and answering questions regarding its use. Hosted by Kieron Elliot, the show features Dave Baker: weapons maker giving details on ancient bladed weapons that he recreated as armorer for the show, with Gary Harper (of the Teddy Roosevelt team) using his historian and armorer experiences to impart knowledge on the featured vintage or modern firearms.
Video games
A tower defense game titled Deadliest Warrior: Defend and Conquer was released on March 11, 2010 and is currently available for download on the iPhone and iPod Touch. It contains three campaigns where the player must defend against groups of attacking enemies by purchasing and positioning warriors from Season 1 (and later Season 2 with the update) who each have varying stats and weapons based on the battle data from the show. On 5/28/2017, it has been confirmed to no longer be located in the Apple app store.
Deadliest Warrior: The Game
Pipeworks Software announced at the Spike Video Game Awards on December 12, 2009 that they would be developing a downloadable game called Deadliest Warrior: The Game that will come out first for the Xbox 360, and later the PlayStation 3. The Apache, Knight, Ninja, Pirate, Samurai, Spartan, and Viking from season one are playable.
The Roman Centurion from season two is also playable, with more characters to be added as the series progressed. On December 11, 2010 it was announced during the Spike TV Video Game Awards that the first three DLC characters would be the Shaolin Monk, the Rajput, and the Zande.
Deadliest Warrior: Legends
On April 7, 2011, Spike Games announced a sequel to their downloadable home console fighting game, Deadliest Warrior: Legends. It was released on July 7, 2011 for Xbox Live Arcade, and on July 26, 2011 for the PlayStation Network. New to this game is the inclusion of a new mode called Generals, a Risk-like game which uses the new combat simulator from season 3 to pit two opposing warriors and their armies against each other using the X-factors that made them legends.
The characters that are included are Alexander the Great, Attila the Hun, Genghis Khan, Hannibal, Hernán Cortés, Shaka Zulu, Sun Tzu, Vlad the Impaler, and William Wallace, with Joan of Arc and host Mack available as downloadable content.
Deadliest Warrior: Ancient Combat
On September 26, 2011, Spike confirmed Deadliest Warrior: Ancient Combat, a compilation of Deadliest Warrior: The Game and Deadliest Warrior: Legends. It will be on one disc as opposed to digital download and will include additional content. It was scheduled to be released for the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on December 6, 2011, but was postponed to January 10, 2012, and later to April 17, 2012.
Chivalry: Deadliest Warrior
Chivalry: Deadliest Warrior is a first-person team combat simulator where one group of players take control of a historical warrior class and try to defeat the opposing team, who is also representing another historical warrior class, with various close-range and long-range weapons. A playable demo of Chivalry: Deadliest Warrior was showcased at the PAX Prime 2013 Gaming Expo in Seattle which featured Samurai and Spartan as the first two playable warrior classes.
See also
Death Battle
Celebrity Deathmatch
Animal Face-Off
Monster Bug Wars
References
External links
Charlie Brooker review in the Guardian
Category:Spike (TV network) original programming
Category:2000s American television series
Category:2010s American television series
Category:2009 American television series debuts
Category:Historical television series
Category:2011 American television series endings
Category:Television programs about weaponry
Category:Television programs adapted into video games
Category:Death games in fiction | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Zholobov
Zholobov () is a rural locality (a khutor) in Pallasovsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The population was 243 as of 2010. There are 4 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Volgograd Oblast | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Homeschooling
Homeschooling, also known as home education, is the education of children at home or a variety of places other than school. Home education is usually conducted by a parent, tutor, or an online teacher. Many families use less formal ways of educating. "Homeschooling" is the term commonly used in North America, whereas "home education" is commonly used in the United Kingdom, Europe, and in many Commonwealth countries.
Before the introduction of compulsory school attendance laws, most childhood education was done by families and local communities. In many developed countries, homeschooling is a legal alternative to public and private schools. In other nations, homeschooling remains illegal or restricted to specific conditions, as recorded by homeschooling international status and statistics.
History
For most of history and in different cultures, the education of children at home by family members was a common practice. Enlisting professional tutors was an option available only to the wealthy. Homeschooling declined in the 19th and 20th centuries with the enactment of compulsory attendance laws. However, it continued to be practised in isolated communities. Homeschooling began a resurgence in the 1960s and 1970s with educational reformists dissatisfied with industrialized education.
The earliest public schools in modern Western culture were established during the reformation with the encouragement of Martin Luther in the German states of Gotha and Thuringia in 1524 and 1527. From the 1500s to 1800s the literacy rate increased until a majority of adults were literate, but development of the literacy rate occurred before the implementation of compulsory attendance and universal education.
Home education and apprenticeship continued to remain the main form of education until the 1830s. However, in the 18th century, the majority of people in Europe lacked formal education. Since the early 19th century, formal classroom schooling became the most common means of schooling throughout the developed countries.
In 1647, New England provided compulsory elementary education. Regional differences in schooling existed in colonial America. In the south, farms and plantations were so widely dispersed that community schools such as those in the more compact settlements of the north were impossible. In the middle colonies, the educational situation varied when comparing New York with New England.
Most Native American tribal cultures traditionally used home education and apprenticeship to pass knowledge to children. Parents were supported by extended relatives and tribal leaders in the education of their children. The Native Americans vigorously resisted compulsory education in the United States.
In the 1960s, Rousas John Rushdoony began to advocate homeschooling, which he saw as a way to combat the secular nature of the public school system in the United States. He vigorously attacked progressive school reformers such as Horace Mann and John Dewey, and argued for the dismantling of the state's influence in education in three works: Intellectual Schizophrenia, The Messianic Character of American Education, and The Philosophy of the Christian Curriculum. Rushdoony was frequently called as an expert witness by the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) in court cases. He frequently advocated the use of private schools.
During this time, American educational professionals Raymond and Dorothy Moore began to research the academic validity of the rapidly growing Early Childhood Education movement. This research included independent studies by other researchers and a review of over 8,000 studies bearing on early childhood education and the physical and mental development of children.
They asserted that formal schooling before ages 8–12 not only lacked the anticipated effectiveness, but also harmed children. The Moores published their view that formal schooling was damaging young children academically, socially, mentally, and even physiologically. The Moores presented evidence that childhood problems such as juvenile delinquency, nearsightedness, increased enrollment of students in special education classes and behavioral problems were the result of increasingly earlier enrollment of students. The Moores cited studies demonstrating that orphans who were given surrogate mothers were measurably more intelligent, with superior long-term effects – even though the mothers were "mentally retarded teenagers" – and that illiterate tribal mothers in Africa produced children who were socially and emotionally more advanced than typical western children, "by western standards of measurement".
Their primary assertion was that the bonds and emotional development made at home with parents during these years produced critical long-term results that were cut short by enrollment in schools, and could neither be replaced nor corrected in an institutional setting afterward. Recognizing a necessity for early out-of-home care for some children, particularly special needs and impoverished children and children from exceptionally inferior homes, they maintained that the vast majority of children were far better situated at home, even with mediocre parents, than with the most gifted and motivated teachers in a school setting. They described the difference as follows: "This is like saying, if you can help a child by taking him off the cold street and housing him in a warm tent, then warm tents should be provided for all children – when obviously most children already have even more secure housing."
The Moores embraced homeschooling after the publication of their first work, Better Late Than Early, in 1975, and became important homeschool advocates and consultants with the publication of books such as Home Grown Kids (1981), and Homeschool Burnout.
Simultaneously, other authors published books questioning the premises and efficacy of compulsory schooling, including Deschooling Society by Ivan Illich in 1970 and No More Public School by Harold Bennet in 1972.
In 1976, educator John Holt published Instead of Education; Ways to Help People Do Things Better. In its conclusion, he called for a "Children's Underground Railroad" to help children escape compulsory schooling. In response, Holt was contacted by families from around the U.S. to tell him that they were educating their children at home. In 1977, after corresponding with a number of these families, Holt began producing Growing Without Schooling, a newsletter dedicated to home education. Holt was nicknamed the "father of homeschooling." Holt later wrote a book about homeschooling, Teach Your Own, in 1981.
In 1980, Holt said, "I want to make it clear that I don't see homeschooling as some kind of answer to badness of schools. I think that the home is the proper base for the exploration of the world which we call learning or education. Home would be the best base no matter how good the schools were." One common theme in the homeschool philosophies of both Holt and that of the Moores is that home education should not attempt to bring the school construct into the home, or a view of education as an academic preliminary to life. They viewed home education as a natural, experiential aspect of life that occurs as the members of the family are involved with one another in daily living.
Homeschooling can be used as a form of supplemental education and as a way of helping children learn under specific circumstances. The term may also refer to instruction in the home under the supervision of correspondence schools or umbrella schools. Some jurisdictions require adherence to an approved curriculum. A curriculum-free philosophy of homeschooling is sometimes called "unschooling", a term coined in 1977 by American educator and author John Holt in his magazine, Growing Without Schooling. The term emphasizes the more spontaneous, less structured learning environment in which a child's interests drive his pursuit of knowledge. Some parents provide a liberal arts education using the trivium and quadrivium as the main models.
Motivations
Parents commonly cite two main motivations for homeschooling their children: dissatisfaction with the local schools and the interest in increased involvement with their children's learning and development. Parental dissatisfaction with available schools typically includes concerns about the school environment, the quality of academic instruction, the curriculum, bullying, racism and lack of faith in the school's ability to cater to their children's special needs. Some parents homeschool in order to have greater control over what and how their children are taught, to cater more adequately to an individual child's aptitudes and abilities, to provide instruction from a specific religious or moral position, and to take advantage of the efficiency of one-to-one instruction and thus allow the child to spend more time on childhood activities, socializing, and non-academic learning.
Some African-American families choose homeschool as a way of increasing their children's understanding of African-American history – such as the Jim Crow laws that resulted in their ancestors being beaten or killed for learning to read – and to limit the harm caused by the unintentional and sometimes subtle systemic racism that affects most American schools.
Some parents have objections to the secular nature of public schools and homeschool in order to give their children a religious education. Use of a religious curriculum is common among these families. Recent sociological work suggests that an increasing number of parents are choosing homeschooling because of low academic quality at the local schools, or because of bullying or health problems.
Homeschooling may also be a factor in the choice of parenting style. Homeschooling can be a matter of consistency for families living in isolated rural locations, for those temporarily abroad, and for those who travel frequently. Many young athletes, actors, and musicians are taught at home to accommodate their training and practice schedules more conveniently. Homeschooling can be about mentorship and apprenticeship, in which a tutor or teacher is with the child for many years and becomes more intimately acquainted with the child.
Teaching methods
Homeschools use a wide variety of methods and materials. Families choose different educational methods, which represent a variety of educational philosophies and paradigms. Some of the methods or learning environments used include Classical education (including Trivium, Quadrivium), Charlotte Mason education, Montessori method, Theory of multiple intelligences, Unschooling, Radical Unschooling, Waldorf education, School-at-home (curriculum choices from both secular and religious publishers), A Thomas Jefferson Education, unit studies, curriculum made up from private or small publishers, apprenticeship, hands-on-learning, distance learning (both online and correspondence), dual enrollment in local schools or colleges, and curriculum provided by local schools and many others. Some of these approaches are used in private and public schools. Educational research and studies support the use of some of these methods. Unschooling, natural learning, Charlotte Mason Education, Montessori, Waldorf, apprenticeship, hands-on-learning, unit studies are supported to varying degrees by research by constructivist learning theories and situated cognition theories. Elements of these theories may be found in the other methods as well.
A student's education may be customized to support his or her learning level, style, and interests. It is not uncommon for a student to experience more than one approach as the family discovers what works best for their student. Many families use an eclectic approach, picking and choosing from various suppliers. For sources of curricula and books, a study found that 78 percent utilized "a public library"; 77 percent used "a homeschooling catalog, publisher, or individual specialist"; 68 percent used "retail bookstore or another store"; 60 percent used "an education publisher that was not affiliated with homeschooling." "Approximately half" used curriculum from "a homeschooling organization", 37 percent from a "church, synagogue or other religious institution" and 23 percent from "their local public school or district." In 2003, 41 percent utilized some sort of distance learning, approximately 20 percent by "television, video or radio"; 19 percent via "The Internet, e-mail, or the World Wide Web"; and 15 percent taking a "correspondence course by mail designed specifically for homeschoolers."
Individual governmental units, e.g. states and local districts, vary in official curriculum and attendance requirements.
Informal learning
As a subset of homeschooling, informal learning happens outside of the classroom, but has no traditional boundaries of education. Informal learning is an everyday form of learning through participation and creation, in contrast with the traditional view of teacher-centered learning. The term is often combined with non-formal learning, and self-directed learning. Informal learning differs from traditional learning since there are no expected objectives or outcomes. From the learner's standpoint, the knowledge that they receive is not intentional. Anything from planting a garden to baking a cake or even talking to a technician at work about the installation of new software, can be considered informal learning. The individual is completing a task with different intentions but ends up learning skills in the process. Children watching their tomato plants grow will not generate questions about photosynthesis but they will learn that their plants are growing with water and sunlight. This leads them to have a base understanding of complex scientific concepts without any background studying. The recent trend of homeschooling becoming less stigmatized has been in connection with the traditional waning of the idea that the state needs to be in primary and ultimate control over the education and upbringing of all children to create future adult citizens. This breeds an ever-growing importance on the ideas and concepts that children learn outside of the traditional classroom setting, including Informal learning.
Depending on the part of the world, informal learning can take on many different identities and has differing cultural importances. Many ways of organizing homeschooling draw on apprenticeship qualities and on non-western cultures. In some South American indigenous cultures, such as the Chillihuani community in Peru, children learn irrigation and farming technique through play, advancing them not only in their own village and society, but also in their knowledge of realistic techniques that they will need to survive. In Western culture, children use informal learning in two main ways. The first as talked about is through hands-on experience with new material. The second is asking questions to someone who has more experience than they have (i.e. parents, elders). Children's inquisitive nature is their way of cementing the ideas they have learned through exposure to informal learning. It is a more casual way of learning than traditional learning and serves the purpose of taking in information any which way they can.
Structured versus unstructured
All other approaches to homeschooling are subsumed under two basic categories: structured and unstructured homeschooling. Structured homeschooling includes any method or style of home education that follows a basic curriculum with articulated goals and outcomes. This style attempts to imitate the structure of the traditional school setting while personalizing the curriculum. Unstructured homeschooling is any form of home education where parents do not construct a curriculum at all. Unschooling, as it is known, attempts to teach through the child's daily experiences and focuses more on self-directed learning by the child, free of textbooks, teachers, and any formal assessment of success or failure.
Unit studies
In a unit study approach, multiple subjects such as math, science, history, art, and geography, are studied in relation to a single topic. Unit studies are useful for teaching multiple grades simultaneously as the difficulty level can be adjusted for each student. An extended form of unit studies, Integrated Thematic Instruction utilizes one central theme integrated throughout the curriculum so that students finish a school year with a deep understanding of a certain broad subject or idea.
All-in-one curricula
All-in-one homeschooling curricula (variously known as "school-at-home", "the traditional approach", "school-in-a-box" or "The Structured Approach"), are instructional methods of teaching in which the curriculum and homework of the student are similar or identical to those used in a public or private school. Purchased as a grade-level package or separately by subject, the package may contain all of the needed books, materials, tests, answer keys, and extensive teacher guides. These materials cover the same subject areas as public schools, allowing for an easy transition into the school system. These are among the most expensive options for homeschooling, but they require minimal preparation and are easy to use. There is, however, complete curriculum available for free, such as that available at allinonehomeschool.com. Some localities provide the same materials used at local schools to homeschoolers. The purchase of a complete curriculum and their teaching/grading service from an accredited distance learning curriculum provider may allow students to obtain an accredited high school diploma.
Unschooling and natural learning
"Natural learning" refers to a type of learning-on-demand where children pursue knowledge based on their interests and parents take an active part in facilitating activities and experiences conducive to learning but do not rely heavily on textbooks or spend much time "teaching", looking instead for "learning moments" throughout their daily activities. Parents see their role as that of affirming through positive feedback and modeling the necessary skills, and the child's role as being responsible for asking and learning.
The term "unschooling" as coined by John Holt describes an approach in which parents do not authoritatively direct the child's education, but interact with the child following the child's own interests, leaving them free to explore and learn as their interests lead. "Unschooling" does not indicate that the child is not being educated, but that the child is not being "schooled", or educated in a rigid school-type manner. Holt asserted that children learn through the experiences of life, and he encouraged parents to live their lives with their child. Also known as interest-led or child-led learning, unschooling attempts to follow opportunities as they arise in real life, through which a child will learn without coercion. Children at school learn from 1 teacher and 2 auxiliary teachers in a classroom of approximately 30. Kids have the opportunity of dedicated education at home with a ratio of 1 to 1. An unschooled child may utilize texts or classroom instruction, but these are not considered central to education. Holt asserted that there is no specific body of knowledge that is, or should be, required of a child.
Both unschooling and natural learning advocates believe that children learn best by doing; a child may learn reading to further an interest about history or other cultures, or math skills by operating a small business or sharing in family finances. They may learn animal husbandry keeping dairy goats or meat rabbits, botany tending a kitchen garden, chemistry to understand the operation of firearms or the internal combustion engine, or politics and local history by following a zoning or historical-status dispute. While any type of homeschoolers may also use these methods, the unschooled child initiates these learning activities. The natural learner participates with parents and others in learning together.
Another prominent proponent of unschooling is John Taylor Gatto, author of Dumbing Us Down, The Exhausted School, A Different Kind of Teacher, and Weapons of Mass Instruction. Gatto argues that public education is the primary tool of "state-controlled consciousness" and serves as a prime illustration of the total institution — a social system which impels obedience to the state and quells free-thinking or dissent.
Autonomous learning
Autonomous learning is a school of education which sees learners as individuals who can and should be autonomous i.e. be responsible for their own learning climate.
Autonomous education helps students develop their self-consciousness, vision, practicality, and freedom of discussion. These attributes serve to aid the student in his/her independent learning. However, a student must not start their autonomous learning completely on their own. It is said, that by first having interaction with someone who has more knowledge in a subject, will speed up the student's learning, and hence allow them to learn more independently.
Some degree of autonomous learning is popular with those who home educate their children. In true autonomous learning, the child usually gets to decide what projects they wish to tackle or what interests to pursue. In-home education, this can be instead of or in addition to regular subjects like doing math or English.
According to Home Education UK, the autonomous education philosophy emerged from the epistemology of Karl Popper in The Myth of the Framework: In Defence of Science and Rationality, which is developed in the debates, which seek to rebut the neo-Marxist social philosophy of convergence proposed by the Frankfurt School (e.g. Theodor W. Adorno, Jürgen Habermas, Max Horkheimer).
Homeschool cooperatives
A homeschool cooperative is a cooperative of families who homeschool their children. It provides an opportunity for children to learn from other parents who are more specialized in certain areas or subjects. Co-ops also provide social interaction. They may take lessons together or go on field trips. Some co-ops also offer events such as prom and graduation for homeschoolers.
Homeschoolers are beginning to utilize Web 2.0 as a way to simulate homeschool cooperatives online. With social networks, homeschoolers can chat, discuss threads in forums, share information and tips, and even participate in online classes via blackboard systems similar to those used by colleges.
Research
Test results
According to the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) in 2004, "Many studies over the last few years have established the academic excellence of homeschooled children." Home Schooling Achievement, a compilation of studies published by the HSLDA, supported the academic integrity of homeschooling. This booklet summarized a 1997 study by Ray and the 1999 Rudner study. The Rudner study noted two limitations of its own research: it is not necessarily representative of all homeschoolers and it is not a comparison with other schooling methods. Among the homeschooled students who took the tests, the average homeschooled student outperformed his public school peers by 30 to 37 percentile points across all subjects. The study also indicates that public school performance gaps between minorities and genders were virtually non-existent among the homeschooled students who took the tests.
A survey of 11,739 homeschooled students conducted in 2008 found that, on average, the homeschooled students scored 37 percentile points above public school students on standardized achievement tests. This is consistent with the 1999 Rudner study. However, Rudner said that these same students in public school may have scored just as well because of the dedicated parents they had. The Ray study also found that homeschooled students who had a certified teacher as a parent scored one percentile lower than homeschooled students who did not have a certified teacher as a parent. Another nationwide descriptive study conducted by Ray contained students ranging from ages 5–18 and he found that homeschoolers scored in at least the 80th percentile on their tests.
In 2011, a quasi-experimental study was conducted that included homeschooled and traditional public students between the ages of 5 and 10. It was discovered that the majority of the homeschooled children achieved higher standardized scores compared to their counterparts. However, Martin-Chang also found that unschooling children ages 5–10 scored significantly below traditionally educated children, while academically-oriented homeschooled children scored from one half grade level above to 4.5 grade levels above traditionally schooled children on standardized tests (n=37 homeschooled children matched with children from the same socioeconomic and educational background).
Studies have also examined the impact of homeschooling on students' GPAs. Cogan (2010) found that homeschooled students had higher high school GPAs (3.74) and transfer GPAs (3.65) than conventional students. Snyder (2013) provided corroborating evidence that homeschoolers were outperforming their peers in the areas of standardized tests and overall GPAs. Looking beyond high school, a study by the 1990 National Home Education Research Institute (as cited by Wichers, 2001) found that at least 33% of homeschooled students attended a four-year college, and 17% attended a two-year college. This same study examined the students after one year, finding that 17% pursued higher education. Thus, the data indicate that homeschooling can also prepare students for success in higher education.
On average, studies suggest homeschoolers score at or above the national average on standardized tests. Homeschool students have been accepted into many Ivy League universities. However, The Coalition for Responsible Homeschooling notes that "Our knowledge of homeschooling’s effect on academic achievement is limited by the fact that many of the studies that have been conducted on homeschoolers suffer from methodological problems which make their findings inconclusive."
Outcomes
Homeschooled children may receive more individualized attention than students enrolled in traditional public schools. A 2011 study suggests that a structured environment could play a key role in homeschooler academic achievement. This means that parents were highly involved in their child's education and they were creating clear educational goals. In addition, these students were being offered organized lesson plans which are either self-made or purchased.
A study conducted by Ray (2010), indicates that the higher the level of parents' income, the more likely the homeschooled child is able to achieve academic success.
In the 1970s, Raymond and Dorothy Moore conducted four federally funded analyses of more than 8,000 early childhood studies, from which they published their original findings in Better Late Than Early, 1975. This was followed by School Can Wait, a repackaging of these same findings designed specifically for educational professionals. They concluded that "where possible, children should be withheld from formal schooling until at least ages eight to ten." Their reason was that children "are not mature enough for formal school programs until their senses, coordination, neurological development and cognition are ready". They concluded that the outcome of forcing children into formal schooling is a sequence of "1) uncertainty as the child leaves the family nest early for a less secure environment, 2) puzzlement at the new pressures and restrictions of the classroom, 3) frustration because unready learning tools – senses, cognition, brain hemispheres, coordination – cannot handle the regimentation of formal lessons and the pressures they bring, 4) hyperactivity growing out of nerves and jitter, from frustration, 5) failure which quite naturally flows from the four experiences above, and 6) delinquency which is failure's twin and apparently for the same reason." According to the Moores, "early formal schooling is burning out our children. Teachers who attempt to cope with these youngsters also are burning out." Aside from academic performance, they think early formal schooling also destroys "positive sociability", encourages peer dependence, and discourages self-worth, optimism, respect for parents, and trust in peers. They believe this situation is particularly acute for boys because of their delay in maturity. The Moores cited a Smithsonian Report on the development of genius, indicating a requirement for "1) much time spent with warm, responsive parents and other adults, 2) very little time spent with peers, and 3) a great deal of free exploration under parental guidance." Their analysis suggested that children need "more of home and less of formal school", "more free exploration with... parents, and fewer limits of classroom and books", and "more old fashioned chores – children working with parents – and less attention to rivalry sports and amusements."
Along with positive school outcomes, homeschooled youth are also less likely to use and abuse illicit substances and are more likely to disapprove of using alcohol and marijuana.
Debate about outcomes
There are claims that studies showing that homeschooled students do better on standardized tests do not compare with mandatory public-school testing.
By contrast, SAT and ACT tests are self-selected by homeschooled and formally schooled students alike. Some homeschoolers averaged higher scores on these college entrance tests in South Carolina. Other scores (1999 data) showed mixed results, for example showing higher levels for homeschoolers in English (homeschooled 23.4 vs national average 20.5) and reading (homeschooled 24.4 vs national average 21.4) on the ACT, but mixed scores in math (homeschooled 20.4 vs national average 20.7 on the ACT as opposed homeschooled 535 vs national average 511 on the 1999 SAT math).
Some advocates of homeschooling and educational choice counter with an input-output theory, pointing out that home educators expend only an average of $500–$600 a year on each student (not counting the cost of the parents' time), in comparison to $9,000–$10,000 (including the cost of staff time) for each public school student in the United States, which suggests home-educated students would be especially dominant on tests if afforded access to an equal commitment of tax-funded educational resources.
Many teachers and school districts oppose the idea of homeschooling. However, research has shown that homeschooled children often excel in many areas of academic endeavor. According to a study done on the homeschool movement, homeschoolers often achieve academic success and admission into elite universities. There is also evidence that most are remarkably well socialized. According to the National Home Education Research Institute president, Brian Ray, socialization is not a problem for homeschooling children, many of whom are involved in community sports, volunteer activities, book groups, or homeschool co-ops.
Socialization
Using the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale, John Taylor later found that, "while half of the conventionally schooled children scored at or below the 50th percentile (in self-concept), only 10.3% of the home-schooling children did so." He further stated that "the self-concept of home-schooling children is significantly higher statistically than that of children attending conventional school. This has implications in the areas of academic achievement and socialization which have been found to parallel self-concept. Regarding socialization, Taylor's results would mean that very few home-schooling children are socially deprived. He states that critics who speak out against homeschooling on the basis of social deprivation are actually addressing an area which favors homeschoolers.
In 2003, the National Home Education Research Institute conducted a survey of 7,300 U.S. adults who had been homeschooled (5,000 for more than seven years). Their findings included:
Homeschool graduates are active and involved in their communities. 71% participate in an ongoing community service activity, like coaching a sports team, volunteering at a school, or working with a church or neighborhood association, compared with 37% of U.S. adults of similar ages from a traditional education background.
Homeschool graduates are more involved in civic affairs and vote in much higher percentages than their peers. 76% of those surveyed between the ages of 18 and 24 voted within the last five years, compared with only 29% of the corresponding U.S. populace. The numbers are even greater in older age groups, with voting levels not falling below 95%, compared with a high of 53% for the corresponding U.S. populace.
58.9% report that they are "very happy" with life, compared with 27.6% for the general U.S. population. 73.2% find life "exciting", compared with 47.3%.
General criticism
Opposition to homeschooling comes from some organizations of teachers and school districts. The National Education Association, a United States teachers' union and professional association, opposes homeschooling.
UC Berkeley political scientist Professor Robert Reich wrote in The Civic Perils of Homeschooling (2002) that homeschooling can probably result in biased students, as many homeschooling parents view the education of their children as a matter properly under their control and no one else's. A 2014 study showed that greater exposure to homeschooling was associated with more political tolerance.
Gallup polls of American voters have shown a significant change in attitude in the last 20 years, from 73% opposed to home education in 1985 to 54% opposed in 2001. In 1988, when asked whether parents should have a right to choose homeschooling, 53 percent thought that they should, as revealed by another poll.
International status and statistics
Homeschooling is legal in some countries. Countries with the most prevalent home education movements include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Chile and the United States. Some countries have highly regulated home education programs as an extension of the compulsory school system; others, such as Sweden, Germany and most European countries have outlawed it entirely. In other countries, while not restricted by law, homeschooling is not socially acceptable or considered desirable and is virtually non-existent.
See also
References
Further reading
External links
A history of the modern homeschool movement, from the Cato Institute.
National Home Education Research Institute NHERI produces research about homeschooling and sponsors the peer-reviewed academic journal Homeschool Researcher.
The National Independent Study Accreditation Council
International Center for Home Education Research Reviews
Category:School types
Schooling
Category:Lifestyles | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Latvia men's national ice hockey team
The Latvian men's national ice hockey team represents Latvia in international ice hockey. The team is ranked 10th in the world by IIHF as of 2019. The team is controlled by the Latvian Ice Hockey Federation. Their best ever finish at the World Championships was 7th place in 1997, 2004 and 2009. At the 2018 World Championship the team finished 8th. Latvia reached the quarterfinals at the 2014 Winter Olympics, losing 2–1 to Canada. Latvia has 7,145 registered players (0.36% of its population).
Overview
Tournament record
Olympic Games
World Championship
European Championship
Team
Current roster
Most recent international roster.
Head coach: Bob Hartley
Coaching history
References
External links
Official website
IIHF profile
Category:Ice hockey teams in Latvia
Category:National ice hockey teams in Europe
Ice hockey | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Maksym Bilyi (footballer, born 1990)
Maksym Ihorovych Bilyi (; born 21 June 1990) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who plays for Rukh Lviv on loan from Zorya Luhansk.
Club career
Hajduk Split
Bilyi joined 1. HNL side HNK Hajduk Split in June 2015. He made his debut for the Whites in the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League 1st Qualifying Round match against Estonian side JK Sillamäe Kalev at the Sillamäe Kalevi Stadium on 2 July 2016. He came on as a substitute, playing the last quarter of an hour. He also came on as a substitute in the second leg, a 6–2 win at the Stadion Hrvatski vitezovi, playing the last 10 minutes. Bilyi made his 1. HNL debut against Slaven Belupo at the Poljud Stadium, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–2 draw. The central defender went on to make himself a key part of the Hajduk starting eleven, playing 35 matches in all competitions in the 2015–16 HNK Hajduk Split season. On 4 September 2016, Bilyi was released by Hajduk.
FC Anzhi Makhachkala
On 4 February 2017, Bilyi signed for FC Anzhi Makhachkala until the end of the 2017–18 season. On 19 June 2017, he was released by Anzhi after not playing any games for the main squad.
FC Mariupol
On July 16, 2017, Bilyi signed for FC Mariupol.
Honours
2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship: Champion
References
External links
Profile at Official FFU Site
Category:1990 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Vasylkivka Raion
Category:Ukrainian footballers
Category:Ukraine youth international footballers
Category:Ukraine under-21 international footballers
Category:Ukrainian Premier League players
Category:Croatian First Football League players
Category:FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk players
Category:FC Shakhtar-3 Donetsk players
Category:FC Zorya Luhansk players
Category:FC Stal Alchevsk players
Category:HNK Hajduk Split players
Category:Ukrainian expatriate footballers
Category:Expatriate footballers in Croatia
Category:Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Category:FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Category:Expatriate footballers in Russia
Category:Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Category:Association football defenders
Category:FC Mariupol players
Category:FC Rukh Lviv players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rarities (Tatsuro Yamashita album)
Rarities is the compilation album by a Japanese singer-songwriter Tatsurō Yamashita, released in October 2002. The album is mainly composed of the songs which were initially appeared on B-Sides of his previous singles and not included on any albums.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Category:Tatsuro Yamashita albums
Category:2002 greatest hits albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Suva-Nausori corridor
The Suva-Nausori corridor is made up of 3 municipalities of Suva, Nasinu and Nausori. The Suva-Nausori corridor host two roads – Kings Road is the main road and Ratu Dovi Road which travels from Suva to Laqere.
The poles of the Suva-Nausori corridor are Suva and Nausori and they are about 19 km apart.
Category:Suva | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Cephetola subcoerulea
Cephetola subcoerulea, the Roche's epitola, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in the Gambia, Senegal (Basse Casamance), Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, eastern Nigeria, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea (Bioko). The habitat consists of forests.
References
Category:Butterflies described in 1954
Category:Poritiinae | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ninet Tayeb
Ninet Tayeb (; born October 21, 1983), commonly known only as Ninet, is an Israeli musician, singer-songwriter, composer, DJ, model and actress.
She is considered among the most famous people in the Israeli entertainment industry, and was labeled "one of the hottest new artists to break into the United States."
Ninet has released four successful albums in Israel (one of them in English), and has twice won Israel's Favorite Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards. She has also worked with producer Mike Crossey (who produced her third album, Sympathetic Nervous System), and artists such as Steven Wilson, Gary Lucas, Cyndi Lauper, The Jesus and Mary Chain, and The Dead Daisies.
Alongside her musical career, Ninet has enjoyed a successful acting career, performing in movies, scripted series and the theatre.
After achieving almost every accolade available to her in her homeland, Ninet set her sights on the international stage, looking to showcase her music to larger audiences worldwide.
Ninet finished her first high-profile international tour in the U.S, Canada (Toronto & Montreal), and Europe, in 2016. The tour featured songs from her recent release. It was her 5th album and the first to be released and promoted in the U.S. As part of her tour, Ninet was selected to perform at SXSW in March 2016. She was also as a featured guest vocalist on Steven Wilson's tour, who after their successful collaborations in the past, invited her to join him for several performances.
The 2016 tour was the result of Ninet's short visit to the U.S in 2015, which created an extensive buzz and high demand for this "infectious female artist".
During her time in the U.S, Ninet performed several concerts in New York City, which were praised by the critics. One of the critics stated that "having seen Ninet perform … it’s safe to say that the entire audience was fixated and almost hypnotized by her presence." Others claimed that "her bold renditions of songs like 'Crazy' and her original releases have showcased the range in which she approaches music and thus identifies with at least some part of all of us."
In preparation for her 2016 tour, Ninet released two new singles from her forthcoming album – "Paper Parachute" and "Child". The two "promise an album worth waiting for", and were described as ones in which Ninet's "haunting vocals are backed by clever production work and energy fulfilling beats".
Paper Parachute, Tayeb's fifth album, came out on 3 February 2017. During the middle and the end of 2016 Tayeb released singles Superstar and Subservient. In 2018 Ninet had a role in the Israeli TV series, When Heroes Fly.
Early life
Ninet was born and raised in Kiryat Gat, Israel, to Sephardic Jewish parents. Her father Yosef Tayeb was born in Tunisia, whereas her mother Marcelle (née Malka) was born in Morocco. Both her parents have separately immigrated to Israel. She is the third of five siblings and was nicknamed "Nina" at a very young age by her family and friends. Ninet served as a soldier in the Combat Engineering Corps of the Israel Defense Forces.
Ninet was brought up around music with performances in small events as a teenager. She was mainly influenced by artists such as Pink Floyd, Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and Oasis.
Career
Early work
Barefoot and Acting
Fame was immediate for 20 years old Ninet, and she started to collaborate and perform with Israel's most popular artists. She became a known figure in Israel and was the subject of dozens of articles and stories.
Ninet released her debut album, "Barefoot" (Yechefa, Hebrew: יחפה) on September 7, 2006. It was certified Platinum in less than 24 hours, having charted five #1 singles on the national radio. Barefoot was released by Helicon and was produced and mainly composed and written by the Israeli Rock musician Aviv Geffen.
Ninet's acting career took rise as well, as she starred in a successful TV series based on her own life story. The show, Hashir Shelanu ("Our Song"), was intended to capitalize on Ninet's unprecedented popularity and lasted for four entire seasons.
Musical transformation
Communicative
On November 17, 2009, Ninet released her second album, "Communicative", (Comunicativi, Hebrew: קומוניקטיבי). She wrote all the lyrics in the album, composed most of it, and produced the album with Rockfour.
Communicative, above all of Ninet's album, was a musical shift. Its release was a turning point regarding Ninet's public image and musical tendencies, as she was had thrown objects at her during its launch performance. Ninet describes this incident as a professional watershed. The artist who used to fill out major venues, found herself performing in front of significantly smaller audiences, sometimes fewer than 20 people.
Her exploration of musical influences began to bear fruit as Communicative was praised by critics and fans, and was considered to be one of the most talked about albums of recent years. A new type of audience began to attend her performances, which gradually started to grow and became more frequent.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Ninet released her third album, "Sympathetic Nervous System" (SNS), on May 30, 2012. SNS received positive reviews and is considered one of Ninet's best albums.
The album was composed and written by Ninet in English, produced by Mike Crossey, and recorded at the Motor Museum Studio in Liverpool. In SNS Ninet continued to establish herself as an indie-rock singer-songwriter, twice winning Israel's Favorite Act at the MTV Europe Music Awards.
Ninet started to perform as a DJ at events and festivals in and outside of Israel.
All the Animals knew
On May 3, 2013, Ninet released her fourth album, "All the Animals Knew" (, Kol HaHayot Yad'u). After the last album was all in English, this time Ninet went back to writing in Hebrew. She wrote and composed all of the songs in the album, except for 2 songs written by Israeli poet, Dori Manor. The album was produced by Yossi Mizrahi (Ninet's future husband) and Idan Rabinovici, members of Israeli indie-rock band "Acollective".
Paper Parachute
In 2015 Ninet released the singles "Paper Parachute" and "Child". In 2016 she released the singles "Superstar" and "Subservient". She moved from Israel to Los Angeles in the United States, where she began to live in July 2016. Tayeb slowly began to appear in the United States. Close to issue fifth album "Paper Parachute" on February 3, 2017 it will begin performances in the US column.
Other songs
In June 2015 she released a single called "What Happened" ('Ma Kara') in Hebrew. The song was created by Ninet and produced by her husband Yossi Mizrahi. The song criticizes sexual attacks committed by people of high social status and their subsequent lack of appropriate punishment, and the system that ultimately blames the victims for daring to speak out.
On January 9, 2018, a new music video was released in Hebrew called "Hero" ('Gibor'), written by Ninet and composed by Israeli artist Dudu Tassa. The music video was filmed in the United States. In November 2018 she released her single "Self Destructive Mind".
In December 2018, as part of the annual Hannukah celebrations, she performed with a variety of Israeli artists(Omer Adam, Marina Maximilian, the Ma Kashur trio, Idan Amadi, Nadav Gedge and Eleni Foureira) in a show called Pop Up Music in Tel Aviv, Israel.
International collaborations
Steven Wilson – Ninet sang on two tracks on Steven Wilson's 2015 album, Hand. Cannot. Erase.. He described Ninet as "inspiring" and "a fantastic singer" who has an "amazing voice" and is "very easy to work with". Ninet also performed alongside Wilson at the Royal Albert Hall in September 2015 and at Belasco Theater in LA November 2016. Ninet was again featured on a release by Wilson on "4½" on the new version of "Don't Hate Me", originally recorded by Wilson's other band Porcupine Tree on the album Stupid Dream. This version is sung as a duet between Wilson and Tayeb. That same year, Ninet was featured again on Wilson's tour, with appearances in both Europe and North America. In May 2017, Wilson released his single "Pariah" online, featuring vocals by Ninet. Ninet provides vocals for two other tracks on Wilson's album To the Bone (August 2017), as well as backing vocals on three other tracks. Tayeb performed with Wilson once more at the Royal Albert Hall in March 2018 as part of his Home Invasion concert series, and she is featured on several tracks on the recording of that concert, which was released on November 2, 2018.
Gary Lucas – After meeting with Jeff Buckley's guitarist and songwriter, Gary Lucas, the latter invited Ninet to record a song which he co-wrote with Buckley but was never recorded. Ninet performed alongside Lucas in a tribute in Paris. Lucas summarized his work with Ninet saying that "Ninet is one of the best singers I've ever worked with. I think she's absolutely incredible, stunning, has a magnificence stage presence, and a terrific energy".
Cyndi Lauper – Ninet was the opening act for Lauper in her memorable concert in Israel in 2014, and performed a vocal duet of True Colors with Lauper during that concert.
The Jesus and Mary Chain – On October 2012, Ninet was a surprise guest in the Indie legends Jesus and Mary Chain performance in Tel Aviv.
The Dead Daisies – In December 2013, Ninet performed with the Australian rock n roll super-group, The Dead Daisies, as part of their tour in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Robbie Williams – Ninet was the opening act for Robbie Williams during his 2015 performance in Tel Aviv.
Personal life
Tayeb was previously in a high-profile relationship with fellow HaShir Shelanu star Ran Danker. Israeli media labelled the pair "Raninet". She was later in another high-profile relationship with the Israeli actor, Yehuda Levi to whom she was engaged. Haaretz described them as "Israel's favourite celebrity couple", with The Jerusalem Post declaring them "Israel's Brangelina". They announced their split in 2013 after eight years together. Both Danker and Levi have been described as the two most talked-about male stars in Israel. Tayeb and Danker remain friends and when asked in a 2019 Ynet interview about his former partner, Danker said that they will soon be in touch and will collaborate together. The pair performed together in September 2019.
In 2014, Tayeb married Israeli music producer and guitarist Joseph E-Shine Mizrachi in Tel Aviv, after a year together. In 2015, their daughter Emilia Sarah Mizrachi was born. In 2016 they relocated to Los Angeles where she has written the follow-up album to Paper Parachute.
Discography
2006 – Barefoot
2009 – Communicative
2012 – Sympathetic Nervous System
2013 – All the Animals Knew
2017 – Paper Parachute
Awards and nominations
Sounds and Voices – First Place, 2001.
Kokhav Nolad – First place, 2003.
Golden Screen Awards – won Best Actress in A Daily Drama, 2005.
Pnai Plus Magazine – The Beautiful "Right People" project – First place, 2005.
Shir Nolad – First place, 2006.
The Israeli Music Channel Awards – won Singer Of the Year award, 2007.
Jerusalem Radio – Singer Of The Year, 2007.
People Of The Year – nominated for Person Of The Year In Musics in 2006 and 2009.
Song of The Decade project (Channel 24 and Galgalatz) – Singer of the decade nomination.
MTV Europe Music Awards – Won Israel's favorite act, 2009.
MTV Europe Music Awards – Won Israel's favorite act, 2012.
Other projects
In 2015, Ninet was hosted in the second album of "Dudu Tasa & The Kuwaitis", where she performed a song in Arabic. "Dudu Tasa & The Kuwaitis" is a special project led by Israeli musician Dudu Tasa, which relives the songs of Tasa's grandfather and great uncle, the Al-Kuwaiti Brothers, who were Jewish-Iraqi musicians famous in Israel and throughout the Arab world.
In 2014, Ninet was hosted in Shlomi Shaban's album "Wakening Exercise".
From 2011 and on, Ninet performed and collaborated several times with the Israeli-American Puppeteers band, Red Band. Their most famous collaboration is a cover of Gnarls Barkley's hit "Crazy", as well as Radiohead's "High and Dry" , Annie Lennox's "I Put a Spell On You" and The Weeknd's "Can't Feel My Face".
In 2011, Ninet collaborated with Israeli singer-songwriter, Gilad Cahana, within the album "The Walking Man 2". The album was entirely written in English. Ninet performed the songs of the album alongside Cahana.
In 2010, Ninet took part in the original project "30+", led by the musicians Elad Cohen and Sagi Tzoref, where she performed a duet with Israeli singer-songwriter, Yali Sobol.
In the annual musical project "Hebrew Labor" of 2008 (new versions of Israeli classics), Ninet recorded Ilan Virtzberg's song to late poet Yona Wallach lyrics, "I Couldn't Do Anything With This".
In memory of Israeli music legend, late Ofra Haza, Ninet recorded, along with Ivri Lider, a pop rock version of Haza's song "This Pain". The duet became a hit in Israel in 2007.
Throughout the years, Ninet was invited to perform in tribute concerts dedicated to several artists, such as Meir Ariel, Inbal Perlmutter, Elliott Smith, etc.
References
Category:1983 births
Category:Living people
Category:Israeli female singer-songwriters
Category:21st-century Israeli actresses
Category:Israeli film actresses
Category:Israeli guitarists
Category:Israeli Jews
Category:Israeli people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
Category:Israeli people of Tunisian-Jewish descent
Category:Sephardi Jews
Category:Mizrahi Jews
Category:Female guitarists
Category:Israeli female singers
Category:Israeli pop singers
Category:Jewish singers
Category:English-language singers from Israel
Category:21st-century women singers
Category:21st-century guitarists
Category:MTV EMA winners | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Paul Brough
Paul Brough may refer to:
Paul Brough (conductor) (born 1963), English conductor
Paul Brough (footballer) (born 1965), English professional footballer | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bulbophyllum denticulatum
Bulbophyllum denticulatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.
References
The Bulbophyllum-Checklist
The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia
denticulatum | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Zhang Li (swimmer)
Zhang Li is a Chinese swimmer born with cerebral palsy. She won the gold medal at the Women's 200 metre freestyle S5 event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics with 2:48.33.
References
Category:Living people
Category:Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Category:Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Category:Paralympic gold medalists for China
Category:Paralympic swimmers of China
Category:Chinese female swimmers
Category:Female freestyle swimmers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Arakcheev and Khudyakov case
The Arakcheev and Khudyakov case is a criminal case against two officers of Dzerzhinsky division of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation, Sergey Arakcheev and Evgeny Khudyakov, for allegedly killing three residents of the village Lacha Varandy (Chechen Republic): Said Jangulbaev, Abdulla Dzhambekov and Nazhmuddin Khasanov.
The case got a special attention because the accused were fully acquitted twice of the claimed crimes in courts of law, only to have both verdicts revoked on formal grounds. According to Arakcheev and his defenders, the case is politically motivated. Many of the case's political and media commentators see it as a Russian analogue of the Dreyfus affair.
Personal background
At the time of the incident, Sergey Vladimirovich Arakcheev (born on 6 July 1981) was a lieutenant, being graduated in 2002. From 20 June 2002 till 3 March 2003 Arakcheev was serving as a commander of an engineering company of the military unit 3186, stationed in Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia. Unit's main task was a road (mine) clearing.
During his service he cleared over 25 explosive devices. Was a cavalier of the medal “For Military Valour” and "Medal of Suvorov". He had no previous criminal record and was positively characterized by his military superiors.
Evgeny Sergeevich Khudyakov (born on 26 January 1978) was a first lieutenant graduated in 2001. The commander of a motorized rifle company of the military unit 3186. No previous criminal record. Similarly, he had no previous criminal record and was positively characterized by his military superiors; he had several distinction awards.
Attack of Chechen residents
According to the letter of accusation, Chechen builders Jangulbaev, Dzhambekov and Khasanov laid down on the ground on the order of the strangers in the green masks and after that were shot dead. Builders' “Kamaz” was pushed away to the roadside, poured over with petrol and sat on fire. The passports of the killed were destroyed. The criminals stopped the “GAZ-3110” car, shot tyres and the radiator and took away the valuables from Shamil Junusov, the driver of the car. After that, they interrogated and tortured him by shooting his leg. According to the Chechen victims' lawyer Ludmila Tikhomirova the accused had done these crimes not during the combat mission, but in the free time while they had been drunk driving around Grozny.
The trials
The first trial
On 12 March 2003 Khudyakov was accused of the murder of civilian residents of Chechnya, and on 17 March 2003 he was summoned to the military prosecutor's office of the city of Khankaly as a witness. The accused were charged with a murder, robbery, willful destruction of someone else's property and abuse of the officer. The accused pleaded not guilty of the murder and in June 2004 they were acquitted by North-Caucasian district military tribunal. Later the Military collegium of the Russian Federation's Supreme Court repealed the guilty verdict and the case was submitted to a new trial.
The second trial
In October 2005 Arakcheev and Khudyakov were acquitted again by the jury. During the second trial some of the associates of the accused retracted their testimony. So, the soldier Ermolyaev explained to the jury that his previous testimony had been given under the physical pressure, “I was beaten many times, called to the interrogation at night, and the interrogator threatened to put me behind bars with Chechen fighters”.
Ramsan Kadyrov, the future President of Chechnya and a former Chechen rebel, commented on this acquittal saying that “the initial cause of the acquittal was the jury’s failure to fully understand the will of my [Chechen] people in this criminal case”. But that time prosecutors did not find any procedural infractions in the course of the trial. But then-president of Chechnya Alu Alkhanov made a request to the constitutional court of Russia, which determined that the jury is to be formed according to the territorial principle that is from that subject of the Federation in which territory the crime was committed. As there is no jury trial in Chechnya, so military men are to be judged by the competent judges. On 25 April 2006, on the basis of this order of the constitutional court, the Supreme Court recalled the second acquittal having submitted the case to the North-Caucasian district military tribunal again for the trial by another composition of the court. In this case ‘another composition of the court’ meant a single judge.
The third trial
On 19 December 2006, the preliminary hearing took place in the North-Caucasian district's military tribunal and resulted in the change of the measure of restraint for Arakcheev and Khudyakov, and on 20 December the officers were arrested in the courtroom and sent to the Rostov pretrial detention center. The aggrieved party in its motion for detention of Arakcheev and Khudyakov stressed the fact that during the second trial the accused influenced the witnesses. But the higher authorities (the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation) in its order from 25 April 2006, determined the measure of restraint for the military men as recognizance not to leave, and after that there were no infringements.
On 1 February 2007, the Military collegium of the Russian Federation's Supreme Court at the request of the Russian State Duma members Dmitry Rogozin, Aleksey Mitrofanov and Sergei Baburin disaffirmed the decision of the North-Caucasian district military tribunal about the arrest of the officer of Internal Troops Sergei Arakcheev. Arakcheev and Khudyakov were released in their own custody.
On 27 December 2007 Arakcheev and Khudyakov were sentenced to 17 and 15 years of imprisonment, respectively. However, only Arakcheev was placed under detention as Khudyakov did not come for the sentence pronouncement and hid himself from the law-enforcement authorities having broken the recognizance not to leave. On 14 January 2008, Evgeny Khudyakov was put on a federal wanted list.
Arakcheev commented his decision:
«I made a decision to stay and go [with this trial] to the end. Because if I went into hiding, then those who influenced and twisted my case, those who destroyed evidence, those who falsified testimony, those who revoked the jury verdicts - they would win. They would say: "You see, we were right - he is guilty, he ran away." I could not allow this to happen. I have nothing on my conscience and I have no reason to run.»
The lawyers of the accused appealed against the sentence, but on 28 August 2008, the Russian Federation's Supreme Court kept guilty verdict for two former officers in force.
the case is tried in European Court of Human Rights.
Rehabilitation
In March of 2015, North-Caucasus Military Court ruled that Arakcheev, after being acquitted on two counts (article 162: assault and robbery, article 286: abuse of authority), has the right to demand compensation for unjust punishment. He could also demand a formal apology from the military prosecutor.
Arakcheev’s appeal to the citizens of Russia
After the Military collegium announcement Arakcheev’s appeal was published on national-patriotic websites, in which he asked for support and announced his non-participation in the crime. “Evidential basis of accusation was founded on the testimonies of the conscript soldiers given in the basement of the public prosecutor's office and been denied later”, and the evidence of his guilt was “so absurd that the jury couldn’t suppress a laugh during the trial.”
Evidence of innocence
The alibi of S.V. Arakcheev is proved by following documents and witnesses:
Abstracts of the orders of the commander of the second Special Designation Regiment E.A.Egorov to the temporary stationing of the city of Grozny, which specified that Arakchhev was assigned as a commander to do a reconnaissance (mine clearance) task on APC A-208 with a covering group on APC A-211 under the command of the captain P.G.Berelidze. According to the abstract from the military unit's operations record book, these commander’s orders were executed.
Inspection record of the car leaving register from 18.01.2003, “15.01.2003 Armoured Personnel Carriers (APC) A-208 and A-211 drove out three times in the periods from 7:20 to 9:30, from 10:20 to 12:20 and from 14:20 to 15:25. The persons in charge were Arakcheev and Berelidze.” (…) . It appears from the car leaving register records that at the time of the events, described in the indictment, Arakcheev was not together with Khudyakov in APC A-226, but at a completely another place as the commander of APC A-208. There is also no order of transfer of Arakcheev to the crew of Khudyakov S.V.
The alibi of S.V. Arakcheev was confirmed by 25 witnesses: M.V. Nuzhdin, A.V. Zadera, A.A. Marchev, S.A. Brazhnikov, Lieutenant Colonel N.T. Tigishwili, Lieutenant Colonel S.M. Perpeluk, Lieutenant Colonel M.N. Prussakov, V.S. Stepanov, S.M. Nikiforov, V.A. Judin, V.I. Sviridov, N.S. Aikin, D.A. Milov, A.A. Golovin, A.A. Churin, E.A. Iskaliev, S.M. Makarchenkov, R.A. Zaitzev, D.V. Streletz, A.V. Matveev, A.V. Timofeev, O.M. Pepshin, Major A.M. Skachkov, Lieutenant Colonel Ju.E. Novik, Lieutenant Colonel A.V. Sizov.
In addition, the used cartridges of 7.62mm, 9mm and 5.45mm rounds were found at the scene of the incident. According to the ballistics tests, these cartridges were shot neither from AS ”VAL” LE 0259 (Khudyakov’s submachine gun) nor from the AKS -74M Kalashnikov gun № 7882965 (Arakcheev’s submachine gun)
There was no postmortem examination, the corpses were buried on the day of finding. There was a blunt wound in the body of Said Yangulbaev. According to the defence opinion, there was a bullet of 7.62 caliber. The defense got refusal for exhumation and postmortem examination of the corpses.
Opinions in respect of the case
Dmitry Rogozin
The former State Duma deputy and Russia's ambassador to NATO Dmitry Rogozin spoke with the necessary explanations of his position as the defender in this case.
“I know the nature of accusation and find the extreme negligence in the prosecution actions,” he said. “I noticed the considerable divergences in evidences, absence of a number of expertises and the real facts establishing the officers’ guilt. I am sure of the innocence of the defendants”.
“This is a great moral and psychological victory,” said the chairman of the social organization “Rodina. Kongress russkych obschin” Dmitry Rogozin to the media agency “Russkaya Liniya” in connection with this decision. “I am absolutely sure of innocence of these twice acquitted officers. The consideration of such accusations should take place provided the civilian control and only by the jury. Today it is not like this, and this is outrageous.”
According to Dmitry Rogozin, insistence of the main military procuracy, with which it litigates the jury verdicts, is "an absolute contempt of the justice, an insult of the civil consciousness of the population of Russia, which undermines the authority reputation either among the military men performing their military duty in the conditions of current time or the citizens." "The only guarantee of the detailed and fair trial of any such incidents in Chechnya is the jury."
Nurdi Nukhazhiyev
The ombudsman in the Chechen Republic Nurdi Nukhazhiyev announced: "The Military collegium of the Russian Federation's Supreme Court was influenced by people known for their nationalistic views, for whom all their loud exclamations as patriots are not more than the grandstand play and one of the methods of pre-election rhetoric. The judicial bodies take one of the first places in our country’s distrust, and this distrust is made up, among other things, of such facts as the afore-mentioned decision."
Footnotes
See also
Second Chechen War
External links
"Arakcheev affair" - all materials of three trials
Category:Trials in Russia
Category:Criminal cases in Russia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ludhiana North Assembly Constituency
Ludhiana North Assembly Constituency (Sl. No.: 65) is a Punjab Legislative Assembly constituency in Ludhiana district, Punjab state, India.
References
Category:Assembly constituencies of Punjab, India
Category:Ludhiana district | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
ICI-204,448
ICI-204,448 is a drug which acts as a potent and peripherally selective κ-opioid agonist, with possible uses in the treatment of heart attack as well as anti-itching effects. It is used in research to distinguish centrally from peripherally mediated kappa opioid receptor effects.
References
Category:Synthetic opioids
Category:Chloroarenes
Category:Acetamides
Category:Pyrrolidines
Category:Kappa agonists
Category:Phenol ethers
Category:Acetic acids
Category:Peripherally selective drugs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
VA-44 (U.S. Navy)
Attack Squadron 44 (VA-44) was an attack squadron of the United States Navy. Originally established as Bombing Squadron VB-75 on 1 June 1945 it was redesignated Attack Squadron VA-3B on 15 November 1946, redesignated VA-44 on 1 September 1948 and disestablished on 8 June 1950. A second VA-44 was in service from 1 September 1950 until disestablishment on 1 May 1970.
Operational history
4 June 1945: The squadron began its first flight operations.
January–February 1946: VB-75 deployed aboard for her shakedown cruise to the Caribbean and Brazil. While visiting Rio de Janeiro the squadron, air group, and carrier represented the U.S. at the inauguration of Brazilian president, Eurico Dutra.
See also
History of the United States Navy
List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons
List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons
References
Lineage Listing for VA, VA(AW), VAH, VA(HM), VAK, VAL, VAP, and VFA Designated Squadrons
Category:Attack squadrons of the United States Navy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
M-10003 to M-10006
The Union Pacific Railroad's M-10003, M-10004, M-10005, and M-10006 were four identical diesel-electric streamliner train 2-car power sets delivered in May, June, and July 1936 from Pullman-Standard, with prime movers from the Winton Engine Corporation of General Motors and General Electric generators, control equipment and traction motors. One was for the City of San Francisco, two were for the City of Denver, and one was a spare set intended for both routes. In 1939, M-10004 was split and converted into additional boosters for the other sets, now renumbered CD-05, CD-06, and CD-07, all running on the City of Denver. The M-10001 power car became the other third booster. In this form, the three power sets ran until they were replaced by E8 locomotives in 1953, at which point they were scrapped.
Historical significance
The M-10003 through M-10006 represented the final development of the custom streamlined trainset on the Union Pacific. They followed the cab/booster unit concept pioneered with the M-10002 trainset. As totally separable and interchangeable cab/booster power sets, they set the path that EMC was to follow with introduction of their E series locomotive sets the following year. Union Pacific was able to maintain daily service on the Chicago-Denver run for seventeen years by dedicating three locomotive sets to that service and re-purposing power units from M-10001 and M-10004 (three total) to provide additional power and keep at least two of the locomotive sets in running condition at any given time.
Details
These power sets had stylistic elements in common with the Illinois Central's Green Diamond unit, which was completed just previous to them. Abandoning the "turret cab" styling of M-10000 through M-10002, these units adopted a new "automobile design" elevated cab, as with the Green Diamond, behind a longer nose than that of the Diamond. They shared a divided front air intake grille that dominated the nose, edged in shining stainless steel. Beneath, the pilot was edged and barred in stainless steel, very like the Diamond's. The Diamond kept the headlight at the top of the cab, while with these power sets a large headlight tipped the nose. The IC121 Diamond was a single power unit setup with a smaller articulated trainset, and in that regard had more in common with the earlier M-10001.
The copious round porthole-style windows on the power units became a "trademark" feature of Union Pacific locomotives for a number of years. The big shiny noses and portholes were imitated in the styling of UP's E2 locomotives from 1937.
Each power car had a 1,200 hp V16 Winton 201-A engine, generator, and a pair of two-axle powered trucks. The rear truck of the first power car and the lead truck of the second power car carried a span bolster to which both power cars were articulated, so they made one unified locomotive of B-B+B-B configuration and a total of 2,400 hp (1,800 kW).
M-10004 was matched with a trainset of tapered cross-section, low profile articulated cars of the type built for the earlier M-1000x trainsets. The first cars had been built in anticipation of another tapered turret cab locomotive, but Union Pacific decided instead to cancel the proposed turret cab, expand the set to nine cars, and match it with a more powerful locomotive set of the newer design. The lounge car of the M-10004 set was also built with a food preparation facility occupying its blind rear, which was revised with a new layout and porthole style rear windows between the train's City of San Francisco and City of Los Angeles service periods. The M-10005 and M-10006 trainsets were built straight-sided to increase interior space, semi-articulated, and shorter by two sleeper cars than the M-10004 set. All of the M-1000x trainsets were lower profile than standard passenger railcars.
Changes
The most significant change to the City of Denver power sets came in 1939, when they were converted from two-car, 2,400 hp sets to three three-car, 3,600 hp (2700 kW) sets using power equipment from M-10001 and M-10004. Other changes included a gyrating signal light installed below the main headlight after the Second World War, the loss of the stainless steel trim on the pilot, the addition of the Chicago and North Western Railway herald to the nose in addition to the Union Pacific one, and changed nose-side badges for the route. The original Armour Yellow and Leaf Brown livery was changed incrementally to the modern livery of Armour Yellow and Harbor Mist Gray roof and base, with red trim striping separating the main colors. Color footage of the M-10004 passenger cars in Armour Yellow and Slate Gray livery can be viewed here. That same footage shows two boosters in the power set, indicating service as City of Denver with the expanded M-10003 (CD-07) power set, and an eleven car consist, expanded from the original nine car consist with cars from either the M-10001 or M-10002 set. Slate gray was replaced with Harbor Mist Gray at some point after the mid-1940s. A publicity photo of M-10005 from 1949 shows the trainset with a Harbor Mist Gray roof and a single headlight.
Individual power set histories
The demands of long distance high speed City train service taxed the ability of the M-1000x fleet to meet them. The original 2400 hp power sets with Winton 201A Diesel engines were underpowered for their service requirements and had a short lifespan for mechanical parts, with at best 100,000 miles between piston replacements. These shortcomings led to various measures including equipment replacements, 50% redundancy in locomotives assigned to the Denver run, consolidating the motive power of locomotive sets for a 50% boost in power for the remaining sets, and using a locomotive set built for full-size trains instead of the type originally matched with the trainset.
M-10003, later CD-07
Despite the earlier number, the M-10003 was actually the last completed of the four. This was because the number M-10003 had been previously assigned to a projected sister trainset to M-10001, which was cancelled when Union Pacific sought a longer trainset with more power in order to meet demand. The number was reassigned to the fourth of the new locomotive sets.
The M-10003 was intended to be a spare power set, able to fill in on either the City of San Francisco or City of Denver if any of the other three locomotives needed maintenance. As of March 7, 1937, its booster unit was on loan to M-10002 on the Los Angeles run. In June 1937, it was decided to permanently assign it to the City of Denver and it was renumbered to CD-07. A third power car was added in 1939, the converted M-10001 power unit.
CD-07 remained in service on the City of Denver with the two other sets until March 1953, and was scrapped with them in summer that year.
M-10004, later LA-4
First completed was M-10004 in May 1936 for the City of San Francisco. The new power cars had vertical sides and higher profiles than the previous streamliners, but the rest of the train was built to the tapered-side profile of the M-10000 through M-10002 sets. It entered revenue service on June 14, 1936 but lasted only 18 months on the route before a train equipped with the new EMC E2 3-unit set SF-1, SF-2 and SF-3 took over that route. The train was then refurbished by the UP, renumbered LA-4 and placed on City of Los Angeles service in July 1938, paired with a train powered by the 3-unit E2 set of LA-1, LA-2, and LA-3 to double the service frequency on that route.
After less than a year as the City of Los Angeles, the LA-4 was replaced again, this time by a train equipped with the new EMC E3s LA-5 and LA-6 in March 1939. In June of that year, the lead power car of the train was rebuilt as a booster unit, renumbered to CD-06-C, and added to the former M-10006, now renumbered as CD-06. The trailing power car was added to the former M-10005, now CD-05, as CD-05-C. Both cars were scrapped with their respective power sets in 1953.
The car set from M-10004 became backup equipment in the City fleet, pressed into service after the wreck of the City of San Francisco in August 1939. The set was assigned to the City of Portland run, powered by the former LA-5 and LA-6 E3 locomotive set, between July 1941 and February 1947. The cars were assigned to service as a City of Denver set while the primary sets were renovated in late 1947, then stored in 1948 and scrapped in 1951.
M-10005, later CD-05
Completed in June 1936, M-10005 entered service as the first of two new streamliners, the "Denver twins", for the City of Denver service on June 18. After approximately a year of running that service, during which the train and its sister M-10006 had moved 129,000 passengers and travelled 765,000 miles (1,231,000 km) between the two, the train was renumbered CD-05.
In 1939, the former trailing power car of LA-4 (ex M-10004) was added as a third locomotive unit to the power set, giving it a total of 3,600 hp (2,700 kW), and the consist was lengthened by two cars, to nine.
In this form, CD-05 continued in service until March 1953, when it was replaced by new E8 units and scrapped a few months later.
M-10006, later CD-06
M-10006 followed a similar service life to its sister M-10005, being the second of the "Denver twins". It was renumbered to CD-06 in June 1937, and added the rebuilt first power car of LA-4 (ex M-10004) as its third power car in 1939. It was withdrawn alongside the other units during March 1953 and scrapped.
References
Further reading
Strack, Don. (2001) Union Pacific Diesel Story, 1934-1982, Part I. Retrieved on December 25, 2004.
Kratville, William W., and Ranks, Harold E., The Union Pacific Streamliners, 1974
Category:North American streamliner trains
Category:Articulated passenger trains
M10003
Category:Rolling stock innovations
Category:Scrapped locomotives
Category:Pullman Company | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tadao Onishi
was a Japanese football player and manager. He played for Japan national team.
Club career
Onishi was born in Kyoto on April 18, 1943. After graduating from Kyoto University of Education, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1967. The club won the league champions in 1969 and 1973. The club also won 1971 and 1973 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1974. He played 83 games in the league.
National team career
In October 1969, Onishi was selected Japan national team for 1970 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on October 10, he debuted against Australia.
Coaching career
After retirement, Onishi became a manager for Toshiba in 1981. He managed until 1985–86 season. In 2002, he signed with Thespa Kusatsu and became a general manager. From November 2005, he also served as president.
On June 29, 2006, Onishi died of lung cancer in Yokohama at the age of 63.
Club statistics
National team statistics
References
External links
Japan National Football Team Database
Category:1943 births
Category:2006 deaths
Category:Kyoto University of Education alumni
Category:Association football people from Kyoto Prefecture
Category:Japanese footballers
Category:Japan international footballers
Category:Japan Soccer League players
Category:Urawa Red Diamonds players
Category:Japanese football managers
Category:Association football defenders | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Megson
Megson may refer to:
Megson (surname)
Megson (band) an English folk duo | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Time Has Come
The Time Has Come may refer to:
The Time Has Come (Anne Briggs album) (1971)
The Time Has Come (Martina McBride album) (1992)
The Time Has Come (Christy Moore album) (1983)
The Time Has Come (Cassie Ramone album) (2014)
The Time Has Come (7th Heaven album)
"The Time Has Come" (Martina McBride song)
"The Time Has Come" (Mike Oldfield song)
The Time Has Come (album), a 1967 album by The Chambers Brothers
The Time Has Come, a book by K. Ross Toole | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Niyi Osundare
Niyi Osundare (born 1947 in Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria) is a prolific poet, dramatist and literary critic. He gained degrees at the University of Ibadan (BA), the University of Leeds (MA) and York University, Canada (PhD, 1979). Previously professor (from 1989) and Head of English (1993–97) at the University of Ibadan, he became professor of English at the University of New Orleans in 1997. Osundare has a wife, Kemi, and three children, two girls and a son who still lives in Nigeria. His deaf daughter is the reason Niyi settled in the United States. She could not go to school in Nigeria so they found a school in the U.S. for her, and moved so as to be closer to her. He has been used in many schools as an example of a poet.
He has always been a vehement champion of the right to free speech and is a strong believer in the power of words, saying, "to utter is to alter". Osundare is renowned for his commitment to socially relevant art and artistic activism and has written several open letters to the former President of Nigeria (Olusegun Obasanjo), whom Osundare has often publicly criticised.
Osundare believes that there is no choice for an African poet but to be political:"You cannot keep quiet about the situation in the kind of countries we find ourselves in, in Africa. When you wake up and there is no running water, when you have a massive power outage for days and nights, no food on the table, no hospital for the sick, no peace of mind; when the image of the ruler you see everywhere is that of a dictator with a gun in his hand; and, on the international level, when you live in a world in which your continent is consigned to the margin, a world in which the colour of your skin is a constant disadvantage, everywhere you go – then there is no other way than to write about this, in an attempt to change the situation for the better."
Under the rule of the dictator General Sani Abacha (1993–98), Osundare regularly contributed poems to a Nigerian national newspaper (now part of the collection Songs of the Season) that criticised the regime and commented upon the lives of people in Nigeria. As a result, he was frequently visited by security agents and asked to explain his poems and to whom they referred:"By that time I realized that the Nigerian security apparatus had become quite 'sophisticated', quite 'literate' indeed!""A couple of my students at the University of Ibadan had become informers; a few even came to my classes wired. And when I was reading abroad, someone trailed me from city to city. At home, my letters were frequently intercepted."
In 1997, he accepted a teaching and research post at the University of New Orleans. In 2005 Osundare was caught in Hurricane Katrina, and he and his wife were stuck in their attic for 26 hours. Their neighbour, who at the time was driving by in his boat, heard their shouts for help. They were rescued and bounced around from rescue shelters until they ended up in Rindge, New Hampshire, where Osundare could get a teaching job as a professor at Franklin Pierce College and things settled down.
Osundare is a holder of numerous awards for his poetry, as well as the Fonlon/Nichols award for "excellence in literary creativity combined with significant contributions to Human Rights in Africa".
His 60th birthday literary fete took place at venues in Ikere-Ekiti, Ibadan and Lagos state of Nigeria in March 2007.
His poem "Not My Business" is compulsory study in the AQA A syllabus for General Certificate of Secondary Education English Language.
In 2011, an Associate Professor of English at The University of Lagos, Christopher Anyokwu, wrote an article on Niyi Osundare's Poetry and the Yoruba World View, where he analysed the use of Indigenous Yoruba concepts found in Niyi Osundare's texts. The associate professor, went further to assume that Osundare unified in his work the concepts and traditions of Yoruba culture and Marxist ideology.
In December 2014, Osundare was awarded the Nigerian National Merit Award for academic excellence.
Publications
Songs from the Marketplace (1983)
Village Voices (1984)
The Eye of the Earth (1986, winner of a Commonwealth Poetry Prize and the poetry prize of the Association of Nigerian Authors)
Moonsongs (1988)
Songs of the Season (1999)
Waiting Laughters (1990, winner of the Noma Award)
Selected Poems (1992)
Midlife (1993)
Thread in the Loom: Essays on African Literature and Culture (2002)
The Word is an Egg (2002)
The State Visit (2002, play)
Pages from the Book of the Sun: New and Selected Poems (2002)
Early Birds (2004)
Two Plays (2005)
The Emerging Perspectives on Niyi Osundare (2003)
Not My Business (2005)
Tender Moments:Love Poems (2006)
City Without People: The Katrina Poems (2011)
Random Blues (2011)
Literary prizes and awards
First Prize, Western State of Nigeria Poetry Competition (1968)
1981 Major Book Prize and Letter of Commendation, BBC Poetry Competition (1981)
Honorable Mention, Noma Award for Publishing in Africa (1986)
Honorable Mention, Noma Award for Publishing in Africa (1989)
Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) Poetry Prize (1986)
Joint-Winner, Overall Commonwealth Poetry Prize (1986)
Kwanza Award (1991)
Noma Award for Publishing in Africa (the first Anglophone African poet to receive the award) (1991)
Cadbury/ANA Poetry Prize (Nigeria’s highest poetry prize). Also won the maiden edition in 1989 (1994)
Fonlon/Nichols Prize for "Excellence in Literary Creativity Combined with Significant Contributions to Human Rights in Africa"; African Literature Association (ALA)’s most distinguished award) (1998)
The Spectrum Books Award to The Eye of the Earth as “One of Nigeria’s Best 25 Books in the Last 25 Years” (2004)
The Tchicaya U Tam'si Prize for African Poetry (regarded as Africa's highest poetry prize) (2008)
Nigerian National Order of Merit Award (Nigeria's highest award for academic excellence) (2014)
Documentary
In 2016, Osundare, along with his lifelong friend, the Sierra Leonean poet Syl Cheney-Coker, was the subject of a documentary called The Poets, by director Chivas DeVinck. The film follows Osundare and Cheney-Coker on a road-trip through Sierra Leone and Nigeria as they discuss their friendship and how their life experiences have shaped their art.
References
External links
Niyi Osundare at the University of New Orleans
"I am a Humanist": An Interview with Niyi Osundare
After Katrina, Nigerian Poet Starts New Life in New England (VOA News): Niyi Osundare survives Hurricane Katrina
Kọ́lá Túbọ̀ṣún, Review of Niyi Osundare: A Literary Biography by Sule E. Egya. Brittle Paper, 9 October 2017.
Category:People from Ekiti State
Category:University of Ibadan alumni
Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds
Category:York University alumni
Category:University of Ibadan faculty
Category:Nigerian academics
Category:Nigerian poets
Category:University of New Orleans faculty
Category:Yoruba poets
Category:Nigerian literary critics
Category:Living people
Category:1947 births
Category:20th-century Nigerian writers
Category:21st-century Nigerian writers
Category:English-language writers from Nigeria
Category:Yoruba academics
Category:Nigerian expatriate academics in the United States
Category:International Writing Program alumni
Category:Recipients of the Nigerian National Order of Merit Award | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chrysocentris chrysozona
Chrysocentris chrysozona is a moth in the family Glyphipterigidae. It is from South Africa.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale brownish-ochreous, the basal two-fifths suffused with grey and with a median transverse golden-metallic line, as well as four small indistinct pale ochreous spots on the posterior part of the costa, margined with rather dark grey anteriorly, the first three tipped with golden-metallic dots, the fourth giving rise to a golden-metallic subterminal streak reaching half across the wing. There is a triangular greyish blotch in the disc posteriorly, the apex anterior, crossed by several whitish longitudinal lines on the veins, and edged above by three small golden-metallic spots, of which the third is confluent with the third subcostal dot, and beneath by a black band marked with a row of four raised golden-metallic spots and also with whitish lines on vein 3 between these spots and vein 2 beneath them. A golden-metallic marginal streak is found around the apex and termen to this band. The hindwings are rather dark grey.
References
Category:Glyphipterigidae
Category:Moths of Africa
Category:Moths described in 1921 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nash, Buckinghamshire
Nash is a village and also a civil parish within Aylesbury Vale district in Buckinghamshire, England. It is in the north of the county, about south-west of Milton Keynes and east of Buckingham. According to the 2011 census, the population total of Nash was 417.
History
The village name is Anglo Saxon in origin, and means "at the ash-tree". In the Domesday Book of 1086 the village was recorded as Esse. The name went through 'Ash' and 'La Nash' to 'Nash'. Between 1870 and 1872, Nash was described as
"NASH, a hamlet in Whaddon parish, Bucks; 5½ miles E of Buckingham. Acres, 1, 430. Real property, £1, 813, Pop., 462. Houses, 103. The property is divided chiefly among five. The hamlet forms chief part of the chapelry of Thornton-cum-Nash; and contains the church of that chapelry, a Baptist chapel, and a national school. Nash Common is a meet for the Whaddon Chase hounds."Nash was designated a civil parish between 1896 and 1899. Before this it was classed as a hamlet within the parish of Whaddon.
Although there has never been a separate manor in Nash, the manor in neighbouring Whaddon has historically been referred to as the manor of Whaddon and Nash. The earliest mention of the manor pre-dates the modern name of 'Nash', and refers to the manor as that of 'Whaddone with Esse'.
Government
The village is served by a parish council of seven members, who are elected every four years, with the next elections set to take place in 2019. However much of the parish council's role is to advise the Aylesbury Vale District Council and Buckinghamshire County Council who make most of the decisions with regards to maintenance and planning.
The village is part of the Great Horwood ward of the Aylesbury Vale District Council. At the county level, the village is part of the Winslow electoral division. Its parliamentary constituency is Buckingham.
Geography
The village is located 46 miles (75 km) north west of London and is about above sea level.
According to the British Geological Survey, the bedrock consists of Mudstone with superficial deposits of sand and gravel from river terraces and glaciofluvia deposits.
The first Land Utilisation Survey of Britain in the 1930s, found the land around Nash to be predominantly 'Meadowland and Permanent Grass', with some areas of 'Forest and Woodland'.
Demography
The most recent, 2011, census of the UK put the total population of Nash at 417. The population has grown sharply since the lowest recorded population total of 214, which was found in the 1961 census. The population previously went through a long period of decline between 1871 (when the highest total population of 460 was recorded) and 1961.
The ethnic composition of Nash is overwhelmingly white, with just 14 individuals identifying as being from other ethnic groups in the 2011 census. Just over 60% of the population identify as Christian, whilst more than 37% either stated that they are not religious, or did not state their religion.
The 2011 census also recorded that 43% of the population were in full-time employment, and 11.4% in part-time employment. Just 2% of the population were identified as being unemployed, which is lower than the average for Aylesbury Vale (3.1%), and England (4.4%).
Economy
Of the 212 members of the population in employment, the majority appear to commute to work, with some of the highest employing industries including 'Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motor Cycles' (18.9%) and 'Manufacturing' (9.4%), neither of which take place within the village. Other sectors with high levels of employment include 'Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities' (13.2%) and 'Education' (12.7%).
This contrasts greatly from some of the traditional industries which were previously common in the village. In 1881, the main industries of the parish were agriculture (40% of the population), and textiles (31% of the population).
Culture and community
Community facilities
After the village school closed in 1948, the building was converted into a community hall for the use of the villagers. The hall is also available for hire, and is used to host several community events throughout the year, as well as the local youth club each week.
Landmarks
The All Saints Church in Nash dates from 1857 when the foundation stone was laid. It was based on designs by renowned architect George Edmund Street.
Education
Nash has not had its own school since it closed in 1948. It now sits within the catchment area of schools in local villages. For aged 4 to 7 this is Whaddon Church of England School, and for 7+ it is covered by Great Horwood Church of England School.
References
External links
The Nash Village website
Category:Villages in Buckinghamshire
Category:Civil parishes in Buckinghamshire | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Austrians in the United Kingdom
Austrians in the United Kingdom include citizens or non-citizen immigrants of the United Kingdom who originate from Austria.
History
Austrians have been present in what is now the UK for centuries as merchants, traders and diplomats, but it was only during the 1930s when Austrians came to the UK in significant numbers. The vast majority of these were Austrian Jews who fled to the UK to escape the Nazi leadership during the period of the Third Reich or 'National Socialist Period' (1933–1945).
Population
According to the 2001 UK Census, 19,511 Austrian-born people were living in the UK, which is actually a drop of around 5% from 1991; despite this there are also large but unknown numbers of British-born people of Austrian descent, which is reflected in the list of famous Austrian British people below. The population spread of Austrian-born people can be seen below.
Notable Austrians in the United Kingdom
Gabrielle Anwar, British-born actress of Austrian and Iranian descent
Anna Freud, Austrian-born psychologist
Sigmund Freud, Austrian-born psychologist
Sir Ernst Gombrich, Austrian-born art historian
Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-born economist
Andy Hunt, British-born footballer of Austrian and English descent
Myleene Klass, British-born singer, actress, TV presenter and model of Austrian and Filipino descent
Siegfried Frederick Nadel, anthropologist, specialising in African ethnology
Sir Karl Popper, Austrian-born philosopher of science
Joe Skarz, British-born footballer of Austrian and English descent
Friedrich von Hügel, Roman Catholic layman, religious writer, Modernist theologian and Christian apologist
Ruby Wax, American-born comedian of Austrian descent
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-born philosopher and engineer who also obtained British citizenship
Rachel Weisz, British-born actress of Austrian and Hungarian descent.
Rachel Khoo, British-born cook and author of Austrian and Malaysian descent.
References
External links
Kipferl - London's only Austrian delicatesse
Austrian Club London
Category:Austrian diaspora
Category:Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin
Category:Austria–United Kingdom relations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Pennsylvania Canal (West Branch Division)
The West Branch Division of the Pennsylvania Canal ran from the canal basin at Northumberland, Pennsylvania, at the confluence of the West Branch Susquehanna River with the main stem of the Susquehanna River, north through Muncy, then west through Williamsport, Jersey Shore, and Lock Haven to its terminus in Farrandsville.
At its southern terminus in the Northumberland basin, the West Branch Canal met the North Branch Canal and the Susquehanna Division Canal. Through these connections to other divisions of the Pennsylvania Canal, it formed part of a multi-state water transportation system including the Main Line of Public Works.
Between Northumberland and Muncy, the canal lay east of the river. Beyond Muncy, where the river makes a right-angle turn, the canal lay to the north. Started in 1828 and completed in 1835, it had 19 lift locks overcoming a total vertical rise of about . The locks, beginning with No. 13, slightly upstream of the Northumberland Canal Basin, and ending with No. 34 at Lockport, across the river from Lock Haven, included two guard locks and an outlet lock in addition to the 19 lift locks.
The state intended to extend the West Branch Canal from Farrandsville further upstream along the West Branch Susquehanna River to the mouth of Sinnemahoning Creek. Plans called for of canal, but the project was abandoned along with the idea that the West Branch Canal would eventually connect to the Allegheny River in western Pennsylvania.
Extensions
Additions to the West Branch Canal included the Bald Eagle Crosscut Canal, which ran through Lock Haven and Flemington along Bald Eagle Creek. It linked the West Branch Canal to a privately financed addition, the Bald Eagle and Spring Creek Navigation, that extended the canal system another to Bellefonte along Bald Eagle and Spring creeks. Beginning in 1837, large quantities of pig iron and bituminous coal traveled to distant markets via these canals.
The Lock Haven Dam (also known as the Dunnstown Dam), was built in the 19th century primarily to provide water to the West Branch Canal. Canal boats crossed the pool behind the dam by means of a cable ferry between Lock No. 35 on the Lock Haven (Bald Eagle Crosscut Canal) side of the river and Lock No. 34 on the Lockport (West Branch Canal) side, about downriver from the Jay Street Bridge.
In 1833, the state added a canal, the Lewisburg Cut, to connect the town of Lewisburg, north of Northumberland, to the system. The privately financed Muncy Cut, also only long, added a branch canal into Muncy, north of Northumberland.
Locks
{|class="wikitable" style="width:65%"
! width=5%|No.
! width=10% |Lift
! width=10% |Canal mile (km)
! width=15% |Remarks'
|--
||—||0|| 0.0 miles0.0 km|| Northumberland Canal Basin
|--
|| 13 || || || —
|--
|| 14 || || || —
|--
|| 15 ||?|| || Lewisburg Cut outlet
|--
|| 16 ||0 || || Guard lock near Lewisburg Dam
|--
|| 17 || || || Milton including Limestone Run Aqueduct
|--
|| 18 || || || Watsontown
|--
|| 19 || || || Montgomery
|--
|| 20 || || || Muncy Dam Lock
|--
|| 21 || || || —
|--
|| 22 || || || Muncy
|--
||23 || || || Wash Taylor's Locks
|--
||24 || || || Near Hall's Station
|--
||25 || || || Joe Phillips Lock
|--
||26 || || || Head of White Water
|--
||27|| || || Montoursville
|--
||28||? || || East of Lycoming Creek aqueduct
|--
||29||? || || Near Thomas Smith tract
|--
||30||? || || Wild Man's Lock
|--
||31 || ? || || Larry's Creek
|--
||32 || ? || || Jersey Shore
|--
||33 || 0 || || Guard lock below Lock Haven Dam
|--
||34 || ? || || Lockport
|--
||— || 0 || || Terminus at Farrandsville
|}
Remnants
Remnants of the canal exist along the West Branch Susquehanna River between Northumberland and Lock Haven. Canal walls made of stone still stand near Muncy, while other canal and lock remnants are preserved near Lock Haven. Archaeological work and restoration began in 2005 at the Muncy Canal Heritage Park and Nature Trail, including remains of a towpath, a lock, a canal wall, and a lock tender's house. Part of the Bald Eagle Crosscut Canal still flows along Bald Eagle Creek through Flemington. Lock No. 32 has been preserved in Jersey Shore.
Points of interest
See also
List of canals in the United States
Notes and references
Notes
References
Works cited
McCullough, Robert, and Leuba, Walter (1973) [1962]. The Pennsylvania Main Line Canal. York, Pennsylvania: The American Canal and Transportation Center.
Shank, William H. (1986) [1981]. The Amazing Pennsylvania Canals'' (150th Anniversary Edition). York, Pennsylvania: The American Canal and Transportation Center. .
External links
Pennsylvania Canal Society
American Canal Society
National Canal Museum
Category:Canals in Pennsylvania
Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania
Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Clinton County, Pennsylvania
Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania
Category:Transportation buildings and structures in Union County, Pennsylvania
Category:West Branch Susquehanna River
Category:Canals opened in 1835 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.