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United Nations Security Council Resolution 273
United Nations Security Council Resolution 273, adopted on December 9, 1969, after a complaint from Senegal regarding the shelling of the Senegalese village of Samine from a Portuguese base in Begene, the Council condemned the action and called upon Portugal to desist from violating the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Senegal.
The resolution was adopted by 13 votes to none; Spain and the United States abstained.
See also
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 201 to 300 (1965–1971)
References
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
External links
0273
Category:20th century in Portugal
0273
0273
0273
Category:Portuguese Guinea
Category:December 1969 events | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Pseudosinella spinosa
Pseudosinella spinosa is a species of slender springtails in the family Entomobryidae.
References
Category:Collembola
Category:Animals described in 1949 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kingia
Kingia is a genus consisting of a single species, Kingia australis, and belongs to the plant family Dasypogonaceae. It has a thick pseudo-trunk consisting of accumulated leaf-bases, with a cluster of long, slender leaves on top. The trunk is usually unbranched, but can branch if the growing tip is damaged. Flowers occur in egg-shaped clusters on the ends of up to 100 long curved stems. Kingia grows extremely slowly, the trunk increasing in height by about 1½ centimetres per year. It can live for centuries, however, so can attain a substantial height; 400-year-old plants with a height of six metres are not unusual.
Taxonomy
When not flowering, Kingia australis bear a superficial similarity to species of the genus Xanthorrhoea, some of which bear the common name "blackboy" because of their purported similarity to an Aboriginal boy holding an upright spear. However, the flower stalks of Kingia australis are completely different from that of Xanthorrhoea species. Because of this, Kingia australis was for many years thought to be a female form of the blackboy and was commonly named black gin, a derogatory term for an Aboriginal woman*. This remains a widely known common name, but is considered inappropriate and belonging to the past. The genus name Kingia or the Aboriginal name bullanock are now preferred.
The Noongar name for a woman is "yorga". "Gin" is a shortened form of "Aborigine". Both these latter English language words are now considered offensive and racist.
Kingia and Xanthorrhoea are biologically quite distinct and are not closely related. For example, Xanthorrhoea have a secondary thickening meristem in the trunk (Dracaenoid secondary thickening meristem), whereas Kingia lack this feature.
Specimens of Kingia australis were first collected by Robert Brown at King George Sound in 1801. The plant featured in the drawing View of the south side of King George's Sound by expedition artist William Westall, which was later published as a plate in Matthew Flinders' 1810 A Voyage to Terra Australis; this is the first known image of the plant. A Voyage to Terra Australia also contained the first textual reference to this species: in the botanical index, Brown writes:
"A plant of a very similar habit to Xanthorrhoea, agreeing with it in its caudex and leaves, having, however, a very different inflorescence, was observed abundantly at King George's Sound, but with fructification so decayed and imperfect that I have not been able to determine the structure either of its flower or fruit."
Because of the state of decay of the fruit, Brown initially did not publish a name for the species. In 1823, however, William Baxter collected ripe fruit and seeds, specimens of which were passed to Brown. Based on these specimens, Brown published it in its own genus in his Character and description of Kingia, which first appeared as the botanical appendix to King's 1827 Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia performed between the years 1818 and 1822. The genus name was chosen to honour both King and his father Philip Gidley King, who was Governor of New South Wales during Brown's voyage under Flinders. The species epithet australis is Latin for "southern".
Distribution and habitat
Kingia australis is confined to the southern half of Western Australia.
Uses
The tree was identified by the state's conservator of forests, Charles Lane Poole, as being high in cellulose and exploited for a fibre industry. These fibres were used to make brooms and brushes, either course and long wearing street brooms or for more delicate purposes; Poole notes that these fibres were preferred by those employed as streetsweepers in Perth and Melbourne. The fibres were crudely processed from a layer of the material found throughout the trunk of the plant. This was separated from the soft core, dried to loosen the adhesion between them, and mechanically split and guillotined to lengths that were baled up for export.
The name of the genus, Kingia, was adopted for the title of the Western Australian Herbarium's publication of their research notes.
Gallery
References
.
Category:Dasypogonaceae
Category:Monotypic commelinid genera
Category:Angiosperms of Western Australia
Category:Trees of Australia
Category:Endemic flora of Western Australia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Geila Zilkha
is a half-Israeli half-Japanese jazz singer, choral director, and educator. Born and raised in Kobe, Japan.
Biography
A 1987 graduate of Canadian Academy, an international school in Kobe, A 1991 graduate of Berklee College of Music, Zilkha moved back to Japan to pursue a vocal career. She was a
survivor of the Great Hanshin earthquake in 1995, and between 1996 and 1999, she was a DJ for the show JAL Tokyo Balcony. She was also a guest vocalist on several dance-pop singles (usually credited simply as Geila), including My Summer Love, featured in the game Dance Dance Revolution. She continues to live in Tokyo and teaches as a Jazz Vocal Instructor at Senzoku Music College in Yokohama, and has released two solo albums "all Me" in 2010 and "appearance" in 2011.
In 2001, she formed a gospel-style choir in Tokyo, called the Geila&Voissalot Choir. This group performed at the Apollo Theater in NewYork as an invited guest for Halem Hallelujah in March 2009. Voissalot choir remains as a group without her direction. This group has three albums released. "Crystal Aspiration" "With Your Life" and "Rose".
In 2005–2006, she sang a song, Return to Love (Jazz Version), that was featured in an anime called SoltyRei. It can be found as song number 10 on the
SoltyRei Original Soundtrack Vol 2 CD. In 2012, she sang the songs, In a Moment's Time and Hitomi no Kioku, for the video game, Skullgirls
Discography
My Summer Love with mitsu-O (Naoki Maeda). Featured in Dance Dance Revolution 4th Mix (Japan), Dance Dance Revolution 4thMix Plus (Japan), Dance Dance Revolution 5th Mix (Japan), Dance Dance Revolution EXTREME (Japan), DDRMAX2: Dance Dance Revolution 7th Mix (Japan), Dance Dance Revolution GB 3 (Japan), Dance Dance Revolution (United States), Dance Dance Revolution 4th Mix (Japan), Dance Dance Revolution Party Collection (Japan), and DDRMAX: Dance Dance Revolution (United States).
My Summer Love (Tommy's Smile Mix) with mitsu-O (Naoki Maeda). Featured in DDRMAX2: Dance Dance Revolution 7th Mix and Dance Dance Revolution EXTREME (Japan).
SOLO-DUO (Geila and Ayumu Yahaba (Vo)), "all Me" 2010, "appearance" 2011
Gundam Thunderbolt OST
References
External links
Geila Zilkha official website (Japanese)
Voissalot Choir website (Japanese)
Category:Japanese female jazz singers
Category:Japanese people of Israeli descent
Category:Video game musicians
Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:Musicians from Kobe | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Aurick
Aurick or Aurik is a masculine Germanic name, meaning protecting ruler or noble leader.
Its feminine form is Aurika. It is a variant of Adalric.
Notes and references
Category:German masculine given names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of British Columbia provincial electoral districts 2001–09
This is a list of British Columbia's 79 provincial electoral districts (also known as ridings in Canadian English) as defined by the 1999 Representation Order, which came into effect for the 2001 election. Obsolete historical districts are listed in the British Columbia provincial electoral districts category page, which can be reached via the Canadian electoral districts category link at the bottom of the individual riding pages listed below.
Electoral districts are constituencies that elect MLAs to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia every election.
Abbotsford-Clayburn
Abbotsford-Mount Lehman
Alberni-Qualicum
Bulkley Valley-Stikine
Burnaby North
Burnaby-Edmonds
Burnaby-Willingdon
Burquitlam
Cariboo North
Cariboo South
Chilliwack-Kent
Chilliwack-Sumas
Columbia River-Revelstoke
Comox Valley
Coquitlam-Maillardville
Cowichan-Ladysmith
Delta North
Delta South
East Kootenay
Esquimalt-Metchosin
Fort Langley-Aldergrove
Kamloops
Kamloops-North Thompson
Kelowna-Lake Country
Kelowna-Mission
Langley
Malahat-Juan de Fuca
Maple Ridge-Mission
Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows
Nanaimo
Nanaimo-Parksville
Nelson-Creston
New Westminster
North Coast
North Island
North Vancouver-Lonsdale
North Vancouver-Seymour
Oak Bay-Gordon Head
Okanagan-Vernon
Okanagan-Westside
Peace River North
Peace River South
Penticton-Okanagan Valley
Port Coquitlam-Burke Mountain
Port Moody-Westwood
Powell River-Sunshine Coast
Prince George North
Prince George-Mount Robson
Prince George-Omineca
Richmond Centre
Richmond East
Richmond-Steveston
Saanich North and the Islands
Saanich South
Shuswap
Skeena
Surrey-Cloverdale
Surrey-Green Timbers
Surrey-Newton
Surrey-Panorama Ridge
Surrey-Tynehead
Surrey-Whalley
Surrey-White Rock
Vancouver-Burrard
Vancouver-Fairview
Vancouver-Fraserview
Vancouver-Hastings
Vancouver-Kensington
Vancouver-Kingsway
Vancouver-Langara
Vancouver-Mount Pleasant
Vancouver-Point Grey
Vancouver-Quilchena
Victoria-Beacon Hill
Victoria-Hillside
West Kootenay-Boundary
West Vancouver-Capilano
West Vancouver-Garibaldi
Yale-Lillooet | {
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Residents Rally
Residents Rally was an Australian political party, with four candidates elected to the first Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly at the 1989 Australian Capital Territory general election. Residents Rally were led by Canberra human rights barrister and lawyer, Bernard Collaery. Collaery defined the party as "a community-based urban green party". The Rally formed a coalition with the Liberal Party, led by Trevor Kaine, in late 1989. However, this fractious Alliance was to last for only two years before collapsing. The Rally was unsuccessful in retaining any seats at the 1992 ACT general election.
1989 ACT general election
In 1989, the Australian Capital Territory was granted self-government, and elections were called for the new Legislative Assembly. While a number of local parties announced their intention to contest the elections, Residents Rally quickly emerged as one of the leading contenders. Collaery recruited eight other local identities, and while not the largest ticket, they ultimately received 9.62% of the vote. This was enough to elect four members to the Assembly - Collaery, Norm Jensen, Michael Moore and Dr Hector Kinloch, although the complex counting system meant that it took an added two months before Kinloch was confirmed as the Assembly's final member. This left them with the same numbers in the Assembly as the Liberal Party, and only one seat behind Labor. While they had not preferenced any other party, Residents Rally agreed to support a Labor government after negotiations with both major federal parties, and Labor leader Rosemary Follett became the ACT's first Chief Minister.
The four Residents Rally members were vocal in the first Assembly, and insisted that they be consulted on most issues. They set out full policies in many areas, as opposed to several of the other small parties in the ACT at the time, and attempted to build themselves into a political force. While their power in the Assembly suffered a blow when Moore clashed with Collaery and quit the party to sit as an independent in October 1989, Residents Rally still saw themselves as a player in ACT politics, and decided to make this clear.
Liberal-Residents Rally Alliance government
Tensions between Residents Rally and the Follett Labor government had been building for some time. The two parties had clashed over planning issues, dealings with the federal government and concerns over potential interference with the judiciary, as well as the government's support for Casino Canberra - which Residents Rally had vociferously campaigned against as part of their election platform. Finally, in December 1989, a dispute over legislation dealing with pornographic videos brought the issues to climax, and Residents Rally moved a motion of no-confidence in the Follett government. They subsequently formed a coalition government with the Liberal Party and the Independents Group - three ex-members of the No Self-Government Party. The deal saw Residents Rally leader Collaery become Deputy Chief Minister, and both Jensen and Kinloch become junior ministers in the new government.
Their new role in government gave the party significant power, and they used this, most notably to prevent what they saw as inappropriate development in a number of areas around Canberra. However, this also meant making allowances to the Liberal government's agenda, and as a result, the party decided not to oppose the government's closure of several schools and the Royal Canberra Hospital, breaking some of the promises they had made before the 1989 election. These decisions once led Labor MP Paul Whalan to compare them to the Liberals' federal coalition partner, the National Party of Australia.
Despite this, major differences began to emerge between the two parties, and in April 1991, Kinloch walked out of the coalition, though he remained a member of the party and continued to support Collaery's leadership. It was around this time that Kinloch announced that he would retire at the 1992 election, instead of running for re-election as previously announced. Only weeks later, on 29 May, the tensions between Residents Rally and the remainder of the coalition came to a head, and Liberal Chief Minister Trevor Kaine expelled Residents Rally from the government. They subsequently switched their support back to Labor, and Follett was once again installed as Chief Minister.
1992 ACT general election
When the ACT faced its second election in February 1992, both major federal parties used stability as a major campaign theme, pointing to the two mid-term switches of government, which are almost unheard of in Australia. The tactic was apparently well received amongst a public that seemed to be tired of Residents Rally playing a "kingmaker" role, and the party's vote fell to 4.56%. As a result, both remaining members, Collaery and Jensen, lost their seats. In contrast, Moore, now sitting as an independent, got an ally elected to the Assembly, and continued to hold the balance of power.
After their crushing defeat in 1992, Residents Rally fell apart, and had ceased to exist by the 1995 election. While Moore easily held his seat until his retirement in 2001, neither Residents Rally or any of its other candidates have played any further role in ACT politics.
References
Category:Defunct political parties in the Australian Capital Territory | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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John George (Virginia colonist)
John George (1603–1679) was an early Virginia colonist, landowner, soldier, county court justice and legislative representative (politician). He served at least two terms as a burgess in the Virginia House of Burgesses in the 1640s and 1650s representing Isle of Wight County, Virginia.
Early life, family, settlement
John George gave his age as 50 in a 1653 deposition. Therefore, he was born in England, probably in 1603. His wife was named Jane. Although some sources cite circumstantial evidence that her maiden name was Cole, no definitive evidence of her maiden name has been found. John and Jane had three children, Isaac, Sarah and Rebecca. John George had a second wife named Ann but there is no record of when his first wife died and when the second marriage occurred. There is also no record of any children of this second marriage. Several sources state that Hester Fawdon, daughter of George Fawdon, also a member of the House of Burgesses from Isle of Wight County and a militia officer, married John George's son, Isaac.
On November 7, 1634, John George received a patent for 900 acres of land on Bailey Creek, also spelled Bayles Creek, in what was then Charles City County, Virginia but is now Prince George County, Virginia bordering Hopewell, Virginia. The George family moved to Isle of Wight County, Virginia in about 1642. When the George family moved to Isle of Wight County, they lived near Cypress Swamp and Creek and Castle Creek, near the present town of Smithfield, Virginia. Other records show that John George added 350 acres to his property on April 17, 1667.
Virginia burgess and court justice
In 1647 and in 1652,<ref>Tyler, Lyon Gardiner. Encyclopedia of Virginia biography"]. Volume 1. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1915. . Retrieved July 15, 2011. p. 241</ref> John George was listed as a representative of Isle of Wight County in the Virginia House of Burgesses, the lower house of the colonial Virginia legislature. Since the records show that the 1648 session was a reconvened session of the 1647 assembly and list only two new members, John George likely served in that session. John George is not on the list of burgesses for the 1649 assembly and there is no record for a 1650 assembly. The list of burgesses for the 1651 assembly does not include members from Isle of Wight County so John George's participation in that assembly can not be verified, but he is listed as a member for the first 1652 assembly. Only one member for Isle of Wight County, not John George, is listed for a second assembly in 1652.
John George is listed as a justice of the local court in the Isle of Wight County Records for 1646, 1666, 1667 and 1677.Boddie, 1938, p. 704 Since no names are listed between 1646 and 1666, John George may have served on the court during some or all of those years.
Militia and Bacon's Rebellion
Isle of Wight County records identify John George as a militia major in 1654, lieutenant colonel in 1666 and colonel in 1677, although the act of March 1676 below identifies John George as a colonel while identifying other officers named in other counties as lieutenant colonels. Since the distinction in the two grades of colonel was recognized in the act, George may have been a full colonel by 1676.
An act of the Virginia General Assembly in March 1676 called out the militia to guard certain locations "against Indians" and authorized Colonel John George or Major James Powell to impress the number of men and horses needed from Isle of Wight County in accordance with the allocations to city and county militias made in the law. Forts were to be built on the frontiers under the law and garrisoned, but only the Governor could order action against the Indians. The colonists who were or felt threatened were not satisfied with this modest, and expensive, action and were wary of the governor who had a thriving trade with the Indians. The action of the governor was ultimately significant in marshalling forces in opposition to Bacon's Rebellion since some historians think the stated reason, despite Indian raids, was mostly a pretext so that forces would be ready to oppose any rebellion.
Colonial Virginia Governor Sir William Berkeley called a new assembly in June, 1676 while Bacon was in the field with volunteers to fight the Indians, and had the forts dismantled. As Bacon's Rebellion took shape, Colonel George sided with Governor Berkeley.See also Boddie, 1938, p. 99 where Boddie states that Colonel George was "a strong adherent of Governor Berkeley."
In March 1677, certain residents of Isle of Wight County petitioned the King's Commissioners for Virginia for excuse from having taken up arms in the rebellion. Colonel George and 71 others sent a reply in opposition to this petition with a further defense of the propriety of their own actions during the rebellion. The signers of the original petition fully recanted their support for Bacon in the Court of Isle of Wight County about a month later. John Jennings, clerk of the court of Isle of Wight County, was sentenced to banishment for his support of Bacon. As an elderly and sick man, Jennings asked for a reprieve in order to present an appeal. He was required to "put in good security for his behavior before Col. John George and the Isle of Wight Court." Jennings in fact died later that year. His case had not come up for further hearing.
Death
Despite his advanced age and the risk to his health, Colonel George took the field with part of the Isle of Wight County militia in support of Governor Berkeley and to defend against Native American (Indian) attacks during Bacon's Rebellion, although there is no record that the unit did any fighting. Colonel George did die within the next one to two years. Since John George's will was recorded on January 9, 1679, George Family biographer Marty Grant (Marvin A. Grant Jr.) has concluded that Virginia burgess and militia Colonel John George must have died between August 1678 and January 1679.
See also
List of members of the Virginia House of Burgesses
Notes
References
Boddie, John Bennett. Seventeenth Century Isle of Wight County, Virginia. Chicago: Chicago Law Print. Co., 1938. . Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Grant, Marty. (Marvin A. Grant Jr.) Col. John George (c1603-1679) and Jane (---) & Ann (---) of England; Charles City County and Isle of Wight County, Virginia. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Grant, Marty. (Marvin A. Grant Jr.) Major George Fawdon (d 1655) and Ann Smith of Isle of Wight County, Virginia. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
Henings, Statutes at Large, shown as Virginia, William Waller Hening, Virginia (Colony). The statutes at large: being a collection of all the laws of Virginia. Richmond, VA: Printed by and for Samuel Pleasants, Junior, printer to the Commonwealth, 1809-1823. . Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Isle of Wight County Records'' in [http://files.usgwarchives.net/va/isleofwight/court/history.txt William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, Vol. 7, No. 4 Apr., 1899). pp. 205–315. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Sainsbury, W. Noel and J. W. Fortescue, eds. Great Britain. Public Record Office. Calendar of state papers, Colonial series, American and West Indies, 1677–1680. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1896. . Retrieved July 15, 2011
Stanard, Mary Newton. The Story of Bacon's Rebellion. New York and Washington: The Neale Publishing Company, 1907. . Retrieved July 16, 2011.
Stanard, William G. and Mary Newton Stanard. The Virginia Colonial Register. Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons Publishers, 1902. , Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Tyler, Lyon Gardiner. Encyclopedia of Virginia biography"]. Volume 1. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1915. . Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Virginia Historical Society. Abstracts of Virginia Land Patents in The Virginia magazine of history and biography, Volume 4. Richmond, VA: House of the Society, 1897. . Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Further reading
Grant Jr., Marvin A. George Family History. Descendants of Col. John George (1603-1679) of England and Virginia (Two Vols.)'' Vol. I: Second (12 Nov 2006); Vol II: First (28 Aug 2006). Kinston, NC: Marvin A. Grant Jr., 2006. . See [http://www.martygrant.com/books/george/george-book.htmlGeorge Family History. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
Category:1603 births
Category:1679 deaths
Category:Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
Category:People from Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Category:Virginia colonial people
Category:House of Burgesses members
Category:American planters | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Vellam: The Essential Drink
Vellam: The Essential Drink (മലയാളം: വെള്ളം) () is an upcoming Indian Malayalam-language film based on the real life story of a drunkard from Kannur. The film is written and directed by Prajesh Sen, who formerly directed the first ever sports biopic in Malayalam- the Captain, which was widely accepted and critically acclaimed. Actor Jayasurya won Kerala State Film Awards for best actor for his role as VP Sathyan in this movie. The film "Vellam: The Essential Drink" stars Jayasurya in the lead role. Vellam went on the floors with the official pooja held in November 2019 at the Anjumana Devi Temple in Ernakulam and now on post production stage. The noted actress in "Theevandi", Samyuktha Menon is the female lead in this movie. Roby Varghese Raj is cranking the camera for this entertainer with Bijibal composing the tunes and Bijith Bala roped in for editing. Vellam is produced under the banner Friendly Productions.
In an interview held in December 2019, Jayasurya stated that, ‘Vellam’ is the most challenging role he have ever done.
The official first look poster of the movie has been published by the team on Dec 09, 2019.
Cast
Jayasurya
Samyuktha Menon
Siddique
Santhosh Keezhattoor
Dileesh Pothan
Sreelakshmi
Babu Annur
Sneha Paliyeri
Johny Antony
Nirmal Palazhi
Jins Baskar
Zinil Zainudeen
References
:Category:Upcoming films
:Category:Upcoming Malayalam-language films
:Category:Indian films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Michael Hole
Michael "Mike" Hole (March 29, 1941 – April 22, 1976) was a jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing.
Born in Canterbury, England, Michael Hole moved to the United States in 1961 where he rode professionally for fourteen years, winning 2042 races while riding horses to earnings of US$13,520,479. He was a regular rider at NYRA tracks in New York and at Monmouth Park Racetrack, Garden State Park Racetrack, and the Atlantic City Race Course in New Jersey. In winter, Michael Hole relocated to Florida where he competed at Tropical Park, Hialeah Park and at Gulfstream Park.
In the U.S. Triple Crown series, Michael Hole rode in three Kentucky Derbys with his best result a fifth-place finish in 1973. He finished tenth in the 1970 Preakness Stakes. Among his early major wins, Michael Hole captured the 1969 Jersey Derby aboard Al Hattab. In 1971, he took over as the regular rider of the 1970 American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly, Forward Gal, piloting her to wins in the Comely Stakes, Gazelle Handicap, Monmouth Oaks and the Betsy Ross Handicap. In 1975, Michael Hole was the principal rider of Dearly Precious, helping to guide her to that year's Eclipse Award as the American Champion Two-Year-Old Filly.
On May 11, 1968 Michael Hole rode four winners on a single race card at Suffolk Downs then did it for the second time on January 3, 1970 at Gulfstream Park and for a third time at Aqueduct Racetrack on November 6, 1974. His most successful winning day came on November 8, 1969 at Garden State Park when he rode five winners of which four came in succession.
Death speculation
On April 22, 1976 Michael Hole was found dead in the front seat of his car in a parking lot at Jones Beach on Long Island, not far from his home in Garden City, New York. The death was reported by Long Island parkway police as a suicide by asphyxiation when the exhaust pipe of his vehicle was found to have been deliberately blocked. Much speculation about Michael Hole's death followed when a major scandal erupted involving mobster "Fat" Tony Ciulla, a member of the Boston, Massachusetts Winter Hill Gang who admitted to paying jockeys to fix hundreds of races at New York tracks and five other states in 1974 and 1975. As late as October 26, 2005, the Los Angeles Times reiterated that "the theory lingers that Hole, a reluctant race-fixer, was a victim of foul play." That his life may have been in danger became a certainty when a November 6, 1978 feature story by Sports Illustrated reported that trainer John Cotter testified before the New York State Racing and Wagering Board that Michael Hole told him he had been offered $5,000 to hold back one of his horses at Saratoga Race Course during the 1974 meeting. In testimony given in exchange for immunity, mobster Tony Ciulla, a close associate of the notorious Whitey Bulger who was wanted by the FBI on nineteen counts of murder, confirmed he had made the bribe attempt to Hole through one of his jockey intermediaries, first offering $5,000 and then upping it to $10,000, but that Hole had turned him down. Sports Illustrated said that after Hole had told trainer John Cotter of the bribe attempt, he reported it to Warren Mehrtens, a track steward and well-known former jockey, and the information was turned over to the New York State Racing and Wagering Board, the Thoroughbred Racing Protective Bureau and the FBI.
At the time of his death, Michael Hole had been suffering from mental health problems and had been seeing a psychiatrist. In the 1960s and '70s, he was a top jockey earning more than $100,000 a year and he and his wife Yvonne maintained a home in Garden City, New York, a place in Miami, Florida for the winter racing season, and owned a farm in Maryland. The couple had a daughter, Vanessa, and a son, Taylor. In 1992, Taylor Hole made his debut as a professional jockey at Rockingham Park and he has since won more than 2000 races.
References
April 24, 1976 New York Times article titled "Mike Hole Found Dead in His Car"
Category:1941 births
Category:1976 deaths
Category:English jockeys
Category:People from Garden City, New York
Category:Sportspeople from Canterbury
Category:Suicides in New York (state)
Category:Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Scopula patularia
Scopula patularia is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in India.
References
Category:Moths described in 1866
patularia
Category:Moths of India | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hans-Joachim Schulze
Hans-Joachim Schulze (born 3 December 1934) is a German musicologist, a Bach scholar who served as the director of the Bach Archive in Leipzig from 1992 to 2000. With Christoph Wolff, he was editor of the Bach-Jahrbuch (Bach yearbook) from 1975 to 2000. He published an introduction to all cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach in 2006.
Career
Born in Leipzig, Schulze studied musicology and German studies at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig from 1952 to 1954, and at the University of Leipzig from 1954 to 1957. He worked at the Bach Archive in Leipzig as its director from 1992 to 2000. He achieved a Ph.D. at the University of Rostock with studies of the history of Bach tradition in the 18th century (Studien zur Bach-Überlieferung im 18. Jahrhundert). He was awarded the in 1973 for the Dokumente zum Nachwirken Johann Sebastian Bachs 1750–1800 (Documents of the legacy of Johann Sebastian Bach 1750–1800), which he edited.
In 1993, Schulze was appointed Honorarprofessor at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig. From 1975 to 2000, he was the co-editor of the Bach-Jahrbuch (Bach yearbook), together with Christoph Wolff. He has been a member of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig since 2001.
In 2006, he published Die Bach-Kantaten: Einführung zu sämtlichen Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs, an introduction to all cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach. The introductions were originally written for weekly broadcasts of Bach cantatas on Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk, begun in the early 1990s and covering 226 cantatas over a period of five years. Schulze included not only musicological facts, such as the structure of a work, but also social context, reliability of a work's sources, and relation to other compositions.
Publications
Bach-Dokumente volumes I–III and V. Kassel and Leipzig 1963–72, 2007 (vol. I and II with Werner Neumann)
Johann Gottfried Walther, Briefe. Leipzig 1987 (with Klaus Beckmann)
Bach Compendium, Leipzig and Frankfurt. 1986 (with Christoph Wolff)
Studien zur Bach-Überlieferung im 18. Jahrhundert. Leipzig, 1984
Die Bach-Kantaten: Einführung zu sämtlichen Kantaten Johann Sebastian Bachs, Evangelische Verlagsanstalt / Carus, 2006
References
External links
Hans-Joachim Schulze (Musicologist, Arranger) Bach Cantatas Website
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750) / Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke Bärenreiter
Category:1934 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Leipzig
Category:German musicologists
Category:University of Music and Theatre Leipzig faculty
Category:Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Category:Bach scholars
Category:Leipzig University alumni
Category:University of Music and Theatre Leipzig alumni
Category:21st-century conductors (music) | {
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Prince Alexander-Georg von Auersperg
Prince Alexander-Georg von Auersperg (New York City, June 13, 1959) is the son of Sunny von Bülow and Prince Alfred von Auersperg, as well as the brother of Annie-Laurie von Auersperg and half-brother of Cosima von Bülow.
Early life
Alexander von Auersperg was born on 13 June 1959 to Sunny von Bülow (1932–2008) and Prince Alfred von Auersperg (d. 1992), of the house of Auersperg. He has one sister, Annie-Laurie "Ala" von Auersperg, and one half-sister, Cosima von Bülow. His parents divorced in 1965 and his mother remarried Claus von Bülow in 1966. His father died in 1992 after lingering in an irreversible coma following a car accident in 1983.
Family
His maternal grandfather was George Crawford, former chairman of Columbia Gas & Electric Company. His paternal grandparents were Prince Alois von Auersperg and Countess Henrietta Larisch von Möennich, from a distinguished but impoverished Austrian family.
Career
In addition to his work with a foundation set up in honor of his mother, von Auersperg has worked as a financial software designer.
Personal life
In 1995, Prince Auersperg married Nancy Louise Weinberg, an investment banker and the daughter of Jerrold G. Weinberg, a lawyer and partner in the law firm of Weinberg & Stein. Together they had:
Princess Anna von Auersperg (born 1995)
Prince Alfred "Alfi" Alois von Auersperg
References
Sources
Lally Weymouth. "Sleeping Beauty". New York Magazine. 11 January 1982. pp 22, 23 & 29.
Category:1959 births
Category:Living people
Category:Auersperg
Category:Deerfield Academy alumni | {
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DePue High School
DePue High School, or DHS, is a public four-year high school located at 204 Pleasant Street in De Pue, Illinois, a village in Bureau County, Illinois, in the Midwestern United States. DHS serves the community and surrounding area of DePue. The campus is located 25 miles west of Ottawa, Illinois, and serves a mixed village and rural residential community. The village is 89% Hispanics/Latino.
Academics
Potential reference/citation:
Athletics
DePue High School, a member of the Tri-County Conference, and a member school in the Illinois High School Association. Their mascot is the Little Giants, with school colors of blue and orange. The school has no state championships on record in team athletics and activities.
Although DHS' possesses a small enrollment, they do not coop for sports, instead focusing on one sport per season: In the fall, Boys Soccer and Girls Volleyball; in the winter, Boys and Girls Basketball; in the spring, Boys and Girls Track and field and Girls Soccer.
History
DePue High School has no known consolidations in the recent past. Surrounding communities may have possessed high schools at some time which were consolidated into the current DHS. Potential reference/citation:
References
External links
DePue Community Unit School District 103
Category:Public high schools in Illinois
Category:Schools in Bureau County, Illinois | {
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Javier Cabada
Javier Cabada (born October 25, 1931, Barcelona, Spain) is a Spanish-American artist who paints colorful, abstract works. He has been exhibited in galleries and museums such as the Royal Institute of Thailand in Bangkok, Thailand, the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
Background
Cabada was born on October 25, 1931, in Barcelona, Spain. He studied painting at the Escuela Nacional Superior Autónoma de Bellas Artes in Lima, Peru under Oscar Allain Cotera. He also studied at the Corcoran College of Art and Design, and the Ecola Massana in Barcelona. He has lived in the United States since the early 1960s and attained U.S. citizenship in 1976. He currently lives in Washington D.C.
Art
Cabada works almost exclusively as a painter, particularly acrylic on canvas. He counts Richard Serra, Francis Bacon, Frank Gehry, Jean-Michel Basquiat, and Alberto Giacometti among his artistic influences, not only for their style, but also for their process and perfectionist natures. He experimented with several different styles before settling on acrylic on canvas, and his style has also shifted considerably. His earlier work was considerably more figurative than his later abstract works, and was generally cartoonish and whimsical in style. Many of his early subjects were flowers, dancers, and portraits, especially portraits of classical composers and musicians. Among them are a large (61" x 61") acrylic painting of Frédéric Chopin, which was exhibited in the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington D.C. from 1973–1983, and a portrait of Elvis Presley which was featured on the front cover of Music Educator's Journal in 1970.
Public collections
Cabada's works are in the following collections:
Art Institute of Detroit, Detroit, MI
Museum of Art, Dayton, OH
Goethe House Museum, Frankfurt, Germany
Art Institute, Chicago, IL
Museum of Stafford, Stafford, CT
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
National Marine Museum, Quantico, VA
Music Educators and National Conference, Washington, DC
Cafritz Art Collection, Washington, DC
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, DC
Georgetown University, Washington, DC
Bicentennial Language Incentive Program, Philadelphia, PA
Army Hospital Walter Reed, Washington, DC
National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC
IBM Art Gallery, New York, NY
TechWorld, Washington, DC
Maryland University, MD
References
External links
Artist's website
Category:1931 births
Category:People from Barcelona
Category:Spanish emigrants to the United States
Category:20th-century American painters
Category:American male painters
Category:21st-century American painters
Category:Spanish painters
Category:Catalan artists
Category:Living people
Category:Spanish portrait painters
Category:American portrait painters | {
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Old Edwardians
Old Edwardians, sometimes abbreviated to OE, refers to old boys/girls of schools with Edward in the name of the school.
Schools called King Edward's School or similar names include:
King Edward VI Aston
King Edward's School, Birmingham
King Edward VI Five Ways
King Edward VI Handsworth
King Edward's School, Bath
King Edward VI School, Southampton
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)
St. Edward's Secondary School in Sierra Leone.
It may also refer to:
Old Edwardians F.C., a football club in Sierra Leone.
See also
List of Old Edwardians (Sheffield) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Justinianopolis (Epirus)
Justinianopolis or Ioustinianoupolis (), was a town of ancient Epirus and of Illyricum, the successor settlement to Hadrianopolis that was repaired and moved by Justinian I. It was one of the cities of the government of old Epeirus. The bishop's see that had been established at Hadrianopolis was translated to Dryinopolis rather than to Justinianopolis.
Its site is located near Bregu i Melanit, Nepravishtë, in Albania.
References
Category:Populated places in ancient Epirus
Category:Former populated places in Albania
Category:Justinian I
Category:Ruins in Albania
Category:Archaeological sites in Albania | {
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Aviation Museum of Iceland
The Aviation Museum of Iceland () covers the history of aviation in Iceland. It is housed at Akureyri Airport and was formally opened on 24 June 2000.
History
The museum was founded on 1 May 1999 and formally opened on 24 June 2000 by Halldór Blöndal, the Speaker of the Althing. It was initially known as the Aviation Museum at Akureyri; another aviation collection existed at Hnjótur in Örlygshöfn. It was renamed in 2005 to reflect its national role. Svanbjörn Sigurðsson, a principal figure in the foundation of the museum, was its first director.
Initially in temporary quarters in a hangar rented by Íslandsbanki, the museum moved in 2007 to a purpose-built building with of space, approximately five times what it previously had; the building was officially opened by Sigrún Björk Jakobsdóttir, the mayor of Akureyri. It celebrated its tenth anniversary in 2009.
The aircraft collection has been used for training by the .
Collection
The museum has many photographs of Icelandic aviation through the years and also a number of historic aircraft, many of which it maintains in airworthy condition and flies at least once a year on an annual fly day. These include:
Klemm L.25e TF-SUX, built in 1934 and brought to Iceland by Germans in 1938; the first plane to land in the Vestmannaeyjar
Waco YKS-7 identical to TF-ÖRN, the first aircraft operated by Flugfélag Akureyrar, later Flugfélag Íslands, when it began service in 1938
a twin-engine Beechcraft identical to that first brought to Iceland in 1942
Björn Pálsson's Auster V, with which he flew the first air ambulance service in Iceland
a 1943 Douglas DC-3 that saw duty at Keflavík Air Base before transfer to civilian use by Flugfélag Íslands in 1946
the cockpit of Gullfaxi, Boeing 727 TF-FIE, the country's first jet aircraft, recovered from the Mojave Desert
Aérospatiale SA-365N-1 Dauphin 2 TF-SIF, a Coast Guard rescue helicopter that was in service for 22 years before being damaged in a training exercise in 2007
Coast Guard Fokker F-27 TF-SYN
References
External links
Official website
Category:Buildings and structures in Akureyri
Category:Aerospace museums
Category:Museums in Iceland
Category:1999 establishments in Iceland | {
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Yankee Doodle Daffy
Yankee Doodle Daffy is a Warner Bros. Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short released on June 5, 1943, directed by Friz Freleng and written by Tedd Pierce. The short was the second Technicolor Looney Tunes entry to feature Porky Pig and Daffy Duck (after My Favorite Duck). It is also one of the handfuls of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies to have fallen into the public domain.
The title and introductory music are inspired by the 1942 film Yankee Doodle Dandy, a major hit and a Warner release. Other than the fact of both films being about show business, they have no plot elements in common.
Plot
At Smeller's Productions, Porky Pig, a producer, loaded down with luggage and a golf bag, hangs a sign on his office door reading "No casting today" and leaves his office in a hurry to board an airplane. However, Daffy Duck, a talent agent, stops Porky from leaving, wanting to secure an audition for his client, droopy-eyed child performer Sleepy Lagoon (a reference to the 1942 Sleepy Lagoon murder). The pitch, intended to demonstrate Sleepy's allegedly wide and varied repertoire, consists of Daffy himself performing an array of musical and stage acts in his usual, absurd and unoriginal fashion. Sleepy meanwhile stays seated, nonchalantly licking an enormous lollipop and silently commenting on Daffy's ludicrous behavior using signs bearing rebuses, such as "ham" ("excessively theatrical"), "screwball" ("crazy and absurd"), and "corn" ("corny").
The songs that Daffy performs include I'm Just Wild About Harry, William Tell Overture and Angel in Disguise (the same song that Bugs Bunny and Sylvester the Cat would sing in The Wabbit Who Came to Supper and Back Alley Oproar, respectively).
Porky, with mounting frustration, (as it is his day off) repeatedly tries to escape from the pitch. Daffy handily foils each attempt in increasingly improbable ways, including by turning out to be the pilot of Porky's plane and then turning out to be the parachute Porky uses to escape said plane. After Daffy finally takes it upon himself to harass Porky with an outrageous finale, Porky decides to just get it over with by allowing Sleepy to audition.
Sleepy calmly leaves his seat and begins to sing the song, The Garden of My Heart, in a strong, operatic baritone (provided by Billy Bletcher) that is not only surprising given his small stature but also substantially more dramatic than any of the acts Daffy used in the pitch. However, during a high note near the end, he erupts into a long coughing fit before weakly croaking the rest of the line.
Analysis
Authors Michael S. Shull and David E. Wilt consider it ambiguous as to whether this cartoon contains a World War II-related reference. When Daffy is revealed as the pilot of the plane, he is wearing an aviator's goggles and helmet. In this guise, Daffy sings "We watch the skyways o'er the land and the sea, ready to fly anywhere the duty calls, ready to fight to be free". (A theme originating in the Warner picture Dive Bomber.) This could be a reference to military aviation.
Home media
US
Yankee Doodle Daffy is available on DVD as part of Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 1.
UK
See also
Yankee Doodle Dandy, a 1942 American biographical musical film starting James Cagney, Joan Leslie, Walter Huston, and Richard Whorf.
Sources
References
External links
Yankee Doodle Daffy on the Internet Archive
Category:Looney Tunes shorts
Category:1943 animated films
Category:1943 films
Category:Short films directed by Friz Freleng
Category:1940s American animated films
Category:Films about entertainers
Category:Films featuring Daffy Duck
Category:Films featuring Porky Pig
Category:American animated short films
Category:American musical comedy films
Category:1940s musical comedy films
Category:American films
Category:Films produced by Leon Schlesinger
Category:Films scored by Carl Stalling | {
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ISMETT
ISMETT, in Italian, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione translated as the Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies, is a center for organ transplantation located in Palermo, Italy. ISMETT was founded in 1997 as a partnership between the Region of Sicily, the Civico and Cervello hospitals in Palermo, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC).
ISMETT primarily specializes in performing all types of organ transplantations, using both deceased and living donor techniques. ISMETT has 70 beds (14 ICU, 21 in semi-intensive, and 35 inpatient), 7 outpatient beds, 4 operating rooms, a hospital pharmacy and laboratory analysis, infectious diseases and pathology in a facility that covers an area of .
History
The idea of creation of the Institute stemmed from a group of hepatologists at a hospital in Palermo that proposed to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) the idea of a multi-organ transplant center to be realized in Sicily. Its creation was also prompted by a 1995 law passed in the United State that capped the total number of foreign patients that can be placed on a waiting list for transplants at 5%. For this reason, transplant leaders in Pittsburgh began looking toward opportunities in Europe and participated actively in the creation of a transplant center in Palermo. On May 23, 1996, the idea was presented to the Ministry of Health, who welcomed the project.
The first director was Ignazio R. Marino who performed the first successful liver transplantation in Sicily on July 31st, 1999. Ignazio R. Marino's team performed the first 100 solid organ transplantations of ISMETT.
On March 20, 1997, the State-Region Conference officially approved the creation and clinical management of ISMETT in accordance with art. 9/bis of Legislative Decree no. 502/92 and proceeded with construction of the new institute. The construction began in 1999 with the laying of a foundation stone and was completed in 2004 when the new center opened its doors.
As of 2007, ISMETT had revenues of € 2,270,000. Its chairman was Camillo Ricordi, with Bruno Gridelli serving as its director-general and Ugo Palazzo serving as its director of health
Transplant activities
ISMETT began its clinical activity in 1999. On July 31, 1999 it performed its first liver transplant from a cadaveric donor in Sicily. The same year ISMETT started a cadaveric and living donor kidney transplantation program. In 2004, ISMETT obtained permission to perform heart-lung transplants, thus becoming a multi-organ transplant center.
In 2003 ISMETT started a pediatric liver transplantation program, and that year performed the first children's transplant done in southern Italy.
Transplantation of HIV+ patients
In 2001, Ignazio Marino performed the first living donor transplant into and HIV-positive patient in Italy, a procedure that created controversy and criticism, including complaint from the Ministry of Health. The Ministry moved to censure Marino arguing that this particular type of transplant had the characteristics of clinical trials that required special authorization. That patient transplanted by Dr. Marino is still alive and enjoying an excellent quality of life free of dialysis, 16 years after the kidney transplant. Because of this success the rules in Italy have been changed and now HIV-positive patients are not any longer denied access to transplantation if they need it.
In 2007, for the first time in the world, an ISMETT team led by Dr. Bruno Gridelli performed a lung transplant on an HIV positive patient In this case, the intervention was authorized by the Ministry and was included within an experimental program launched by the National Transplant Center. This time, no controversy was recorded and the procedure received congratulatory press.
The Cell Factory
In 2007, the Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Unit (Unità di Medicina Rigenerativa e Terapie Cellulari), termed the Cell Factory, was opened at ISMETT with the aim to initiate a program of regenerative medicine that researches the reparation of damaged organs. The mobile production laboratories (GMP Facility) of the unit have been made part of a project sponsored by the Region of Sicily and the Budget and Finance under the "ICT for the excellence of the territories."
Among the research trials carried out at the Cell Factory is the injection of fetal hepatocytes as a therapy to bridge the patients waiting for a liver transplant, transplantation of pancreatic islets for patients with diabetes type 1, and transplantation of human fetal skin cells for the treatment of lesions of the skin.
The Center for Simulation
The Center for Simulation became active at ISMETT in June, 2007 with the aim to prevent and reduce medical errors. The use of simulation for training staff is already quite widespread in certain sectors such as aviation, and has now spread into the medical field. The simulation center provides for the implementation of higher risk procedures without risk to personnel and without involving patients.
The center has five life-sized and technologically sophisticated simulator mannequins that can mimic the signs and symptoms of real patients. The center was created thanks to a donation from the Foundation Fiandaca. The training activities of the Centre, which is open to all health care providers, began in January, 2008 .
See also
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Organ transplantation
References
External links
ISMETT
UPMC
Regenerative Medicine and Therapy Unit of ISMETT (Cell Factory)
Category:Hospital buildings completed in 2004
Category:Hospitals in Italy
Category:Organ transplantation in Italy
Category:Education in Palermo
Category:University of Pittsburgh Medical Center | {
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Ohio's 6th congressional district
Ohio's 6th congressional district is represented by Representative Bill Johnson (R-OH). This district runs along the southeast side of the state, bordering Kentucky, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. It stretches from rural Lucasville through Athens and several older Ohio River industrial towns all the way to the Youngstown city limits.
History
When Robert McEwen was first elected in 1980, the Sixth District of Ohio consisted of Adams, Brown, Clinton, Fayette, Highland, Pickaway, Pike, Scioto, and Ross Counties plus Clermont County outside the city of Loveland, Harrison Township in Vinton County and the Warren County townships of Clearcreek, Deerfield, Hamilton, Harlan, Massie, Salem, and Wayne. At that time, The Washington Post described the Sixth as "a fail-safe Republican district."
The Ohio General Assembly redrew the Sixth District following the results of the 1980 Census. The boundaries from 1983 to 1987 included all of Adams, Clinton, Fayette, Highland, Hocking, Jackson, Pike, Ross, Scioto, Vinton and Warren Counties, plus Waterloo and York Townships in Athens County; Wayne Township in Clermont County; Concord, Jasper, Marion, Perry, Union, and Wayne Townships in Fayette County; and Washington Township and the Cities of Miamisburg and West Carrollton in Montgomery County.
Beginning with the 100th Congress in 1987, adjustments were made by the legislature to the boundaries; reapportionment between censuses is unusual in American politics. A small part of the Montgomery County territory was detached, as were parts of Fayette County in Washington Court House in Union Township and the townships of Jasper and Marion. Part of Brown County was added, Jackson and Eagle Townships. These were the boundaries for the rest of McEwen's service in Congress.
The district was largely rural and agricultural with no large cities. One of the major industries was the United States Department of Energy's Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant at Piketon, which manufactured uranium for nuclear weapons. The district was 97 per cent white with a median household income of $21,761.
In 1992, the district was altered significantly to accommodate Ohio's loss of two House seats in redistricting. The state legislature anticipated that Clarence Miller of the neighboring Tenth District would retire, and thus combined the southern end of his district (which included Athens, Gallipolis, and Ironton) with most of the area previously represented by McEwen. Although the district did not include Miller's hometown of Lancaster, Miller decided not to retire and instead challenged McEwen in the Sixth District primary in 1992. The campaign was bitter, and McEwen eked out only a narrow victory. In November, McEwen was upset by Democrat Ted Strickland, a prison psychologist. Strickland himself was defeated in 1994 by Republican Frank Cremeans, but won the seat back in 1996.
For 2002 the district was shifted dramatically eastward to make the seat friendlier for Strickland. At the same time, it effectively ended the career of James Traficant in the neighboring 17th District by placing his hometown of Poland into the 6th. Traficant opted to run in his old district and lost. The district currently includes all of Belmont, Carroll, Columbiana, Gallia, Guernsey, Jackson, Jefferson, Lawrence, Meigs, Monroe, Noble and Washington counties, and portions of Athens, Mahoning, Muskingum, Scioto and Tuscarawas counties.
In 2010, Republican Bill Johnson defeated incumbent Democrat Charles Wilson, returning the seat Republican for the first time since 1997. Following the 2010 United States Census, the bounds of the sixth district were changed again as Ohio lost two seats in Congress.
In recent years and like much of coal country, the district has swung decidedly toward the Republican Party at local, state and national levels. Going from what was once a dead heat in presidential elections, such as in 2000 or 2004, to a 42-point win for Donald Trump over Hillary Clinton in 2016.
List of members representing the district
Recent election results
The following chart shows historic election results.
Competitiveness
Election results from presidential races:
Historical district boundaries
See also
Ohio's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
Notes and references
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
06
Category:Constituencies established in 1813
Category:1813 establishments in Ohio | {
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Einbeck
Einbeck is a town in the district Northeim, in southern Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
History
Prehistory
The area of the current city of Einbeck is inhabited since prehistoric times. Various artifacts have been unearthed in the city of Einbeck itself and in the little villages and lost villages around it over the years. They date back to the Paleolithic Era.
Medieval Period
In the Early Middle Ages a number of villages existed along the river Ilme in the middle Leine valley before Einbeck was founded. On January 1, 1158 Einbeck was first mentioned in a deed of Friedrich Barbarossa, which mentioned … in loco qui Einbike vocatur …. and related to a transfer of an estate in the 11th century. Count Udo of Katlenburg owned an estate on the bank of a brook, the Krummes Wasser (crooked water). His grandson founded the stift Sankt Alexandri, that subsequently developed into an important sanctuary. On the other side of this brook a market town developed at the end of the 12th century, mainly due to convenient access for traffic. A church was built there as well, the market church (St. Jacob). The floodplain between market and stift was filled in and covered with buildings. The market and stift were walled in and a moat was built. In 1252 Einbeck received a town charter and a town council was established. In 1279 the town received through its sovereign, Heinrich Mirabilis, an extension of its town charter. Einbeck was topographically extended and a town wall is mentioned that enclosed the market church St. Jacob and the stift St. Alexandri. St Jacob was (and is) located in the center of the city around the ‘old market’, St. Alexandri was built only some hundred meters away. Extensions were called the ‘new market’, first mentioned 1389 as was the ‘new town’. The new town received its own church, St. Mary, first mentioned 1318.
Beer
The city gained importance during the reign of the dukes of Grubenhagen. Smaller villages as Oldendorf or Tiedexen were deserted and inhabitants moved inside the city walls. Written evidence about the export of Einbecker beer dates back to 1351. The beer was brewed in larger houses that had the entitlement to brew. These houses are still easily identified through their arched wide doors, necessary to move in the brewing kettle, called a brewing pan. The organization of the process and the marketing of the beer was led by the city council. Einbeck joined the Hanse in 1368 thus broadening the distribution area which now reached from Antwerp in the west to Riga in the east and from Stockholm in the north to Munich in the south. In Munich the name Einbeck was mispronounced as "ein bock" (a billy goat), and when the ducal brewhouse copied the taste, Bock style beer was born.
Monasteries
In the 14th and 15th centuries a number of monasteries were created: Sisters of Maria and Magdalen, an Austin hermit monastery, and a monastery of the Order of the Poor Ladies. A system of sconces and towers were built outside the city walls as an early warning system against enemies. This time was a golden age for Einbeck and it was one of the largest cities in Northern Germany.
Modern period
In July 1540 the city of Einbeck was nearly completely destroyed by a fire, which was started by an arsonist. What role the religious upheaval following the very recently introduced reformation played is unknown. Convicted of the crime, the arsonist, Heinrich Diek, was tortured and died while being publicly displayed in an iron cage. This cage is still on display in the town hall. As the town had been quite wealthy before the fire, it was rebuilt very fast. Einbeck joined the Schmalkaldic League, a system of military defence of Lutheran princes and cities, which was a very costly exercise. In 1549 a fire once again swept through the city. This time the southern part of the city was mainly affected and 580 houses burned down. In 1580 the city council signed the Formula of Concord which completed reformation. In 1597 the plague took a huge death toll. During the Thirty Years' War the city was occupied by enemy troops during 1632 and 1641 and some hundred houses destroyed. During the Seven Years' War, (known as the French and Indian War in North America), the city gates were taken down and most of the city walls were destroyed.
This all led to times of economic and political vulnerability. As the neighbouring village Rotenkirchen developed into the administrative seat of the area, its sovereign was able to curb the autonomy of Einbeck. Later Einbeck became a garrison for infantry units, which eased its economic difficulties. During the Napoleonic Wars it became the administrative seat of the district of Einbeck from 1807 to 1813. In 1826 the area around St. Maria burned down, replaced by a new county courthouse “Amtsgericht”. After Prussia won the war against the Kingdom of Hannover in 1866, barracks for the Prussian Army were built, now the ‘New Town Hall’ and administrative building of the city council. Einbeck initially resisted plans to connect itself to the railway line Hannover – Kassel, but in 1879 a line between Salzderhelden and Einbeck was built. In 1885 Einbeck was made seat of the newly formed county of Einbeck. Beginning in 1890 the bicycle manufacturing and trading company of August Stukebrok developed into the largest mail order business in Germany, although it later went into receivership during The Great Depression in 1931. In 1896 the garrison was closed and the building used as a technical college until 1907.
Einbeck was hit hard by the economic difficulties following the end of World War I, and from 1930 on, its citizens leaned toward non-democratic parties. During the last free vote before Hitler took power, the National Socialists (NSDAP) had a share of 40.9% of the electorate in Einbeck. During the pogrom of November 1938 NSDAP followers set fire to the Synagogue. Of the 58 Jewish citizens of Einbeck; 21 emigrated outside of Germany, 32 were killed or died of disease in concentration camps, 3 committed suicide, and five have not been able to be traced. A month before German surrender, the city manager of Einbeck (without permission from his superiors) gave over the city to United States troops on April 9, 1945. This helped Einbeck to survive the war physically undamaged.
In 1946, the population of Einbeck doubled through the influx of displaced persons from the former Eastern territories of Germany, mainly from Silesia. This led to a boom in the construction of new residential houses and later, industrial buildings as well. Residential housing expanded the city in an easterly direction, while industrial building grew to the south. Some substantial companies did set up shop in Einbeck, the largest today (2013) being KWS.
In 1971 the villages Holtensen, Hullersen, Immensen, and Odagsen were incorporated into the city of Einbeck, while the county of Einbeck was disbanded in 1974. At the same time Einbeck incorporated further 27 villages from the old county of Einbeck, Gandersheim, and Northeim. Einbeck is administratively a ‘Medium Center’, which means it provides services like high school, hospital‚ notary public, local court, etc. In 2005 a fire destroyed one historical building and damaged five more. Seven years later two more heritage-listed buildings were destroyed by fire.
On October 19, 2011, the city council adopted a resolution to incorporate the neighbouring community of Kreiensen beginning January 1, 2013.
Einbeck therefore is the legal successor of Kreiensen and it grew substantially again in terms of territory and population.
Geography
Einbeck has 46 municipalities, which were previously independent villages. The city lies directly south of the Hube (hills), where the Ilme flows into the Leine. In January 2013, the former municipality Kreiensen joined Einbeck.
Climate
Economy
Einbeck had various industries over time that came and went. Yet from very early on beer has been the product Einbeck is famous for over many centuries, still sold under the brand Einbecker Bier. Einbeck is the birthplace of bock beer, a beer with a high alcohol content. In medieval times a brewmaster from Einbeck was hired to brew „Einpöckisch Bier“ in Munich. The name was corrupted and developed into „Oanpock“, and subsequently into „Bock“. The export of beer was a very important business so that in the harbor city of Hamburg Einbeck had its own distribution center (and pub), called the Eimbeck'sches Haus. A brewery is still operating in Einbeck under the name Einbecker Brewery. The company is listed on the Hanover Stock Exchange.
Another business in Einbeck has a very long tradition: Einbecker Blaudruck, a traditional way to print on fabric. The privately owned business was founded in 1638 and is the oldest business of the kind still in existence in Europe.
A worldwide business headquartered in Einbeck is KWS SAAT AG, listed in the German SDAX. It grew out of breeding seed for sugar beet and is now a full line seed supplier to the farming industry worldwide. KWS operates more than 60 subsidiaries worldwide with sales of close to 1 billion € and a total of 3,800 employees. The main research and development activities are based in Einbeck.
Kayser Automotive Systems is an international supplier of components for the car industry. Kayser is a family business headquartered in Einbeck. A branch of the car component supplier Dura Automotive Systems is active in Einbeck. E. Oppermann is a family controlled international belt webbing manufacturer. The chain manufacturer Renold has its German subsidiary in Einbeck. Kurt König is a service and sales company for building and construction machinery.
Politics
City Council
A by-election was held on 20. Januar 2013 for the city council and all village councils due to the incorporation of the former community of Kreiensen into the city of Einbeck. The results were as follows:
Former City Managers
1948–1981 Heinrich Keim
1981–1992 Georg Lampe
1992–1997 Bernd Röll
Full-time Mayors
1 January 1998 until 31 October 2006: Martin Wehner (SPD)
1 November 2006 until 24 January 2013: Ulrich Minkner (SPD)
since 24 January 2013: Sabine Michalek (CDU)
Suburbs
Of the 33,000 inhabitants of Einbeck only about 15.000 live in the city of Einbeck, the next largest suburb is Kreiensen with about 2,500 inhabitants. The city of Einbeck began to incorporate the first neighbouring villages in 1971, a larger batch followed in 1974. In 2013 Einbeck incorporated Kreiensen which itself had previously incorporated 15 villages. So the geographical size of Einbeck is unusually large. In total Einbeck has 46 suburbs in 2013:
Ahlshausen-Sievershausen
Andershausen
Avendshausen
Bartshausen
Bentierode
Beulshausen
Billerbeck
Bruchhof
Brunsen
Buensen
Dassensen
Dörrigsen
Drüber
Edemissen
Erzhausen
Garlebsen
Greene
Haieshausen
Hallensen
Holtensen
Holtershausen
Hullersen
Iber
Immensen
Ippensen
Kohnsen
Kreiensen
Kuventhal
Naensen
Negenborn
Odagsen
Olxheim
Opperhausen
Orxhausen
Rengershausen
Rittierode
Rotenkirchen
Salzderhelden
Strodthagen
Stroit
Sülbeck
Vardeilsen
Vogelbeck
Voldagsen
Volksen
Wenzen
Culture and places of interest
The historical center of Einbeck provides a nearly complete example of a late medieval town built in the half-timbered construction method. This is why Einbeck was made part of the German Timber-Frame Road.
After the fire of July 1540, that nearly destroyed all residential buildings, the city was very swiftly rebuilt during the next 15 years. The year of construction is very often carved into the frames. This is why a very similar style of buildings is found in the center of the city. The old cellars or basements below the buildings, not affected by the fire, were re-used to build the new houses in the same place. A very pretty example is the northern side of „Tiedexer Straße”. The wide arched doors, necessary to go in out with a wagon, can be seen here. More than half of these buildings had entitlements to brew.
Places to see
Market Square, the very center of the town, with
Old Town Hall built in the 16th century, with its three towers, a historic hallmark of Einbeck
Brodhaus (Breadhouse) built in 1552, the site was used since 1333 as seat of the bakers guild.
Building of the Ratsapotheke (Town Pharmacy) dated 1590.
Eicke's House with its rich sculptural façade ornamentation of Renaissance style is listed as “Historical landmark of special national and cultural importance”.
Tiedexer Straße, a line of houses build at approximately the same time and in the same style, middle of the 16th century.
The New Town Hall was built in 1868 as Prussian Barracks. It is currently (2013) used as administrative building of the city council since 1996. The carrillon in the clocktower plays the same chime as Big Ben.
Concert and culture house TangoBrücke started its concert series in 2008. Every Thursday the audience is treated to a classical recital, a jazz concert, or a tango event.
Churches
Market church Sankt Jacobi (St James's), Lutheran, has a strong presence in the city center through its church tower, 65 meters high. It has a Romanesque baptismal font of sandstone, the oldest artifact in Einbeck
Minster church Sankt Alexandri (St Alexander's), Lutheran, one of the largest gothic hall churches in the north of Germany
St. Marien (St Mary's) Lutheran, consecrated 1968 (Old Building New Town Church Sankt Marien rebuild after a fire 1840 − 1846, demolished 1963)
Youth Church Marie
Parish Church “St. Josef” (St Joseph's), Roman Catholic
Chapel „St. Spiritus“, a medieval chapel, is now Greek Orthodox
Theater
Wilhelm-Bendow-Theater (Regular annual programs through Kulturring Einbeck)
Museums, Archives, Library
Town Museum: Stadtmuseum Einbeck, Steinweg 11/13, with newly designed „RadHaus“ (bicycle museum). The historic archives of the town of Einbeck are stored in the building of the museum
The Public Library is located adjacent to Stukenbrokpark
The building of the old synagogue was restored by a local initiative and is a museum.
Salzderhelden saltworks
Kunsthaus
PS Speicher („Horsepower Storage“). A local initiative has started in 2011 to rebuild and restore a former granary to form a museum which does exhibit the largest collection of German motorcycles. The opening ceremony was on July 23, 2014.
Media
The local daily newspaper "Einbecker Morgenpost" is published Monday through Saturday. Einbecker Morgenpost has its own staff and content for local news and takes international and national pages from "Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung". There is an advertising paper for the Einbeck region called "Die Eule" distributed Wednesday and Sunday.
Education
Primary schools
Geschwister-Scholl-School Einbeck, All-day School
Pestalozzischule Einbeck
Primary School Teichenweg (Teichenwegschule), Einbeck
Primary School Salzderhelden/Vogelbeck
Leinetalschulen Drüber; Primary and Special School
Primary School Dassensen/Holtensen
Primary School Wenzen
Primary School Kreiensen
Primary School Greene
Secondary schools
Geschwister-Scholl-School (Secondary Modern)
Wilhelm-Bendow-Schule (Secondary Modern)
Löns-Realschule (Secondary)
Goetheschule Einbeck, Grammar School, All-day School
Vocational schools
Berufsbildende Schulen Einbeck, with Grammar School for Economies, Technology, and Nutrition Science
Krankenpflegeschule, Nurse's Training School
Parks
Stiftsgarten north of the city center, used as garden by stift Sankt Alexandri. Located inside this park is the „Garden of many Generations“. On the eastern side of the Stiftsgarten is the Mendelssohn music school using the Stukenbrokvilla, a residential building in the art nouveau fashion.
Stukenbrokpark is an area northeast of the city center between city library and central coach terminal.
The historic city walls are best preserved west of the city center in the areas Bäckerwall, Krähengraben, and Mühlenwall.
The officers garden is located south of the city center close to the Diek Tower (remains of one of the city gates).
Monuments and Memorials
The Stukenbrok Memorial was built in memory of the founder of the mail order business August Stukenbrok. It is located in the east of the Stiftsgartens, which was an area once owned by Stukenbrok, next to the little pond.
Memorial for Till Eulenspiegel, who is said to have lived in Einbeck for a while, on Market Square. As Eulenspiegel is a fictional person that is a surprising fact.
War Memorial for the Franco-Prussian War 1870/1871 designed by Conrad Wilhelm Hase
In 1998 locals erected a big concrete block called Stein des Anstoßes (Stumbling Stone) close to the Market Church on Market Square to remind everybody that the number of unemployed in Einbeck (2341 people) was far too high. The stone was to remain in place until the number of unemployed would be half its 1998 number. The stone could have been removed in October 2007.
The Gasometer is a technical memorial in the city area.
Recurring events
1. May: Einbecker Bluesfestival & Bock-Beer-Tapping
May: Open Cross Country Race “Einbecker Bierstadtlauf”
June: Foodfestival
September: Vat-Pushing-Contest “Fassrollen”
September: Pub-Music-Night
October: City Festival „Eulenfest”
November/December: Christmas Market on Market Square
December: Sylvester Cross Country Race „Auf der Hube”
Notable persons
Einbeck is the birthplace of Henry Mühlenberg, who emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1742 and became the patriarch of the Muhlenberg family dynasty as well as the founder of the Lutheran church in the American colonies. Friedrich Sertürner, discoverer of morphine (1804), opened his first pharmacy here. Conrad Wilhelm Hase (1818-1902), architect and conservationist, honorary citizen may also be mentioned.
Sons and daughters of the city
Friedrich Uhde (1880-1966), engineer and entrepreneur
Wilhelm Bendow (1884-1950), actor
Walter Bock (1895-1948), chemist
Emil Reinecke (1933-2011), cyclist
Personalities who have acted or worked in Einbeck
Johann Friedrich Unger (1716-1781), mayor of Einbeck and inventor
Georg Schambach (1811-1879), Germanist, high school director in Einbeck
Georg Knorr (1859-1911) student in Einbeck, engineer
Gintaras Januševičius (born 1985), pianist and music director
GAPP
For many years, the city's high school has had an exchange program, known as GAPP or German-American Partnership Program, with Roy High School and Ogden High School (Utah) in Utah. Every other year Einbeck students fly to Roy in October to spend two weeks with host families and attend Roy and Ogden High Schools. After their two-week stay the German students travel to places in the US such as Moab, Las Vegas and California. The Roy and Ogden High students visit Einbeck every other year during their summer break.
Since 2002, Einbeck has been a partner city with Keene, New Hampshire, USA. A delegation of high school football (soccer) players, coaches and city officials visited Keene on July 1, 2010 and spent a week touring the city, playing exhibition games and watching the World Cup with the locals.
Twin towns - sister cities
Einbeck is twinned with:
Artern, Germany, since 1990
Keene, United States, since 2002
Paczków, Poland, since 1992
Thiais, France, since 1962
Wieselburg, Austria, since 1987
Transport
Road
There is direct access to Federal Highway “B 3” Bundesstraße 3 running in a North/South direction, connecting Hannover to Kassel, each about away. Until the 1970 “B 3” ran through the city center, but there is now a bypass open.
Access to National Highway “A 7” Bundesautobahn 7 is about away. “A 7” connects Flensburg, on the German/Danish border, with Basle in Switzerland and roughly runs in a North/South direction as well.
Rail
The Einbeck-Salzderhelden station is located on the Hanoverian Southern Railway part of the main North–South railway between Hanover and Kassel. Services run at approximately hourly intervals in both directions.
The larger railway station in Einbeck is Kreiensen, which provides in addition to the services mentioned above, train connections to the West (Holzminden, Altenbeken) and North East (Seesen, Goslar, Brunswick).
The closest high speed train station is Göttingen, about away. Göttingen can be reached from Salzderhelden in hourly intervals.
Einbeck has a small railway company, Ilmebahn, which runs rail freight services. In addition. since 2019 a passenger service was reestablished connecting Einbeck-Mitte station with Salzderhelden and Göttingen.
Bus
Einbeck is part of a network of coach lines in the South of Lower Saxony, VSN. This network connects virtually all smaller villages with the cities in South Lower Saxony. Ilmebahn, the local transport company runs local bus services, as does RBB (Regionalbus Braunschweig).
Air
The next international airport is Hannover Airport, with connections to major European cities. This airport can be reached by train. A smaller airport mainly for holiday travelers Kassel-Calden is about away.
References
External links
Official site
Website of the brewery
Website of Einbecker Blaudruck
Website of KWS Saat
Website of Kayser Automotive
800 photos of Einbeck
Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg
Category:Towns in Lower Saxony
Category:Northeim (district)
Category:Members of the Hanseatic League
Category:Province of Hanover
Category:Holocaust locations in Germany | {
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Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune
The Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune traces its history to a Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin newspaper started in the early 1900s by William F. Huffman, Sr. The newspaper today is a daily broadsheet with a circulation of 7,888 (2012 ABC data) serving mainly Wood County, Wisconsin.
Owned by Gannett, which also owns the nearby Stevens Point Journal and Marshfield News-Herald, the reporters and editors of the Daily Tribune focus on local news and sports.
The newspaper was formerly owned by Thomson Newspapers Inc.
In the 1990s, the paper was at the center of a controversial murder case, when the Daily Tribune'''s receptionist, Jayne Susan Jacobson, murdered publisher David Gentry's secretary, Julie Schroer at Schroer's home in 1990. Jacobson was found not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect and was released within a few years of the slaying.
Among former staffers of this newspaper are Robert D. McFadden, a Pulitzer Prize-winning senior reporter for The New York Times, who worked for the Daily Tribune from 1957 to 1958; Robert Des Jarlais, an award-winning sports and general news editor and reporter at the Daily Tribune from the mid-1960s until shortly before his untimely death in the 1990s; and David L. Van Wormer, an Outdoor Writer for the Milwaukee Journal, a sportswriter and editor for the Tribune'' at various times between 1970 and 1995.
References
External links
Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune official site
Mobile phone website
Gannett subsidiary profile of The Daily Tribune
Category:Newspapers published in Wisconsin
Category:Wood County, Wisconsin
Category:Gannett publications | {
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John J. McNulty Jr.
John J. McNulty Jr. ("Jack" or "Big Jack") (1922–2009) was a Northern New York State, U.S.A. political power broker, who held a series of local political offices in Albany County, New York from 1949 until 2002.
His son, Michael R. McNulty, was elected to several successive terms as a United States Congressman. Jack McNulty was a "co-congressman" for the two decades that his son served in the U.S. Congress, before his retirement from the U.S. House of Representatives in 2008. A fellow Democrat, Jack was a staunch opponent of the entrenched old guard Albany County Democratic political machine, which had unseated his father John J. McNulty Sr. as Sheriff of Albany County, New York in a political in-fight in 1937. Jack recaptured that Sheriff's office, being elected Sheriff of the County of Albany, New York in 1973.
Jack was a respected elder statesman of Northern New York State. The mention of his name at a 2000 Democratic convention at the Times Union Center caused the full arena crowd of 11,000 people to rise in a spontaneous standing ovation. "Jack McNulty's word was his bond," said Democratic New York State Senator Neil Breslin. "For being 87, Jack knew how to change with the time. Jack connected to people in their 20s," said Albany County Democratic Chairman Dan McCoy. Rensselaer County Democratic Chairman Thomas Wade called him "the man I often introduced at Democratic Party events as the greatest Democrat I know."
References and Notes
External links
McNulty patriarch has died Times Union
Category:New York (state) Democrats
Category:Sheriffs of Albany County, New York
Category:20th-century American politicians
Category:1922 births
Category:2009 deaths | {
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Camille Cerf (filmmaker)
Camille Cerf (1862 - 1936), born in Arlon, was a Belgian filmmaker who worked with the Lumière brothers, mainly as a camera operator, during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He was responsible for producing the first film in Russia, which was the recording the coronation of Czar Nicholas II at the Kremlin in May 1896. On March 12, 1896, he organized the opening of Lumiere Cinematographe.
References
Category:Belgian filmmakers
Category:1862 births
Category:1936 deaths | {
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Nicholas Rémy
Nicholas Rémy, Latin Remigius (1530–1616) was a witch-phobic French magistrate who claimed in his book to have overseen the execution of more than 800 and the torture or persecution of a similar number. His work shows much influence from Jean Bodin.
Early life
After studying law at the University of Toulouse, Remy practised in Paris from 1563 to 1570. In 1570, his uncle retired as Lieutenant General of Vosges and Remy was appointed to the post; in 1575 he was appointed secretary to Duke Charles III of Lorraine.
Publications
Remy wrote a number of poems and several books on history, but is known for his Daemonolatreiae libri tres ("Demonolatry"), written in Latin and published in Lyon in 1595. The book was reprinted several times, translated into German, and eventually replaced the Malleus Maleficarum as the most recognized handbook of witch-hunters in parts of Europe.
According to Remy, the Devil could appear before people in the shape of a black cat or man, and liked Black Masses. Demons could also have sexual relationships with women and, in case they did not agree, rape them.
Career
He was of the Catholic faith, and wrote his Latin works with the blessings of the Church, but was not himself a priest and married at least once (possibly twice), fathering quite a few children. One of them, a favored son, was supposedly killed in a street accident at the beginning of Remy's judicial career after being cursed by an old beggar woman when Remy refused to give her any money. This incident in 1582 was the start of Remy's career as a witch-hunter. He successfully prosecuted the beggar for bewitching his son and had the woman put to death.
Finding witches was very personal business for Remy. An extremely educated man for his day, he utterly believed in what he was doing. He saw every "witch" he burned as real, and considered it justice done. Remy personally sentenced 900 people to death between 1581-1591. In 1592, Remy retired and moved to the country to escape the bubonic plague. There he compiled notes from his ten-year campaign against witchcraft into the Demonolatry.
Claims 800 executed and a revision
Remy brags that during a mere 16-year period when he worked as a judge in Lorraine, not less than 800 persons (non minus octingentos) were condemned at the stake for sortilegis crimen or the crime of witchcraft (sorcery seems to derive from the Latin sortilegus), which certain witch-phobic Christians of this time period considered to a real supernatural power that was sourced from the devil. Remy further claims than an equivalent number of around 800 persons escaped punishment by fleeing capture or by "a stubborn endurance of the torture."
Writing more than 400 years later, the scholar William Monter scoffs at these numbers and claims that Lorraine's records from the 1580s are "well-preserved" and amount to barely "one-sixth as many as Nicholas Remy boasted in his Demonalatria of 1595." Monter characterizes Remy's claim of 800 condemned as "a literary flourish" and refers to Remy as a "humanist" though there does not seem to be any instance in which Remy used the term "humanist" to describe himself. Remy dedicated his book to the Cardinal of Lorraine and characterizes himself a soldier in a war against anti-Christian forces that he considers aligned with the devil. Monter's reason for doubting Remy's numbers is that Remy's book lists the specific names of "only about 125 individuals tried for witchcraft." Monter compares Remy's list to some instances of non-corroboration within the surviving records and concludes that "we must take his numbers with a very large grain of salt; but the documented reality is dreadful enough."
In forwarding his theory, Monter doesn't proffer a reason or motive for Remy to inflate his numbers or why the printer and booksellers (including a number of reprints) would have wanted a brag of "900 Person's More or Less" on the title page of Remy's work, and whether this may have helped sell books, and if so, what this also might say about the well-educated Latin readers who were the target audience for Remy's work, written and sold in a Catholic borderland region during a time period often referred to as the Counter Reformation.
Pop culture
In the 1988 television series Werewolf, Nicholas Remy is shown as a werewolf who has been alive since the times of the Inquisition. He used his position as a magistrate to conceal his own lycanthropy. The character was portrayed by Brian Thompson.
Nicholas Remy and his book, Daemonolatreiae libri tres, are also featured in the 1999 movie The Ninth Gate.
References
External links
Nicholas Rémy, Daemonolatreiae 1597 printing: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=oRY6AAAAcAAJ
Witchcraft and the Occult, 1400-1700. Nicolas Rémy (1530-1612)
Category:1530 births
Category:1616 deaths
Category:Demonologists
Category:French judges
Category:Witch hunters | {
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John Morris (Archdeacon of St Andrews)
John Frederick Morris was a Canadian Anglican priest, most notably Archdeacon of St Andrews in the Diocese of Montreal from 1940 until 1967.
Morris was educated at McGill University and the General Theological Seminary, New York and ordained in 1914. After a curacy at Glen Sutton he held incumbencies in Verdunand Montreal.
References
Category:20th-century Anglican priests
Category:Archdeacons of St Andrews, PQ
Category:General Theological Seminary alumni
Category:McGill University alumni | {
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Elizabeth Wong
Elizabeth Wong may refer to:
Elizabeth Wong (author) (born 1937), writer and former civil servant and politician
Elizabeth Wong (playwright) (born 1958), American playwright and writer
Elizabeth Wong (politician) (born 1972), Malaysian politician | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Xudun, Somalia
Xudun (Hudun) is a town in the northern Sool region of Somaliland.
Overview
The center of the Xudun District, the settlement lies 59 kilometres north by road from the provincial capital of Las Anod.
Local control is disputed between Somaliland, Puntland and Khatumo State (formerly HBM-SSC or Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC).
Education
Xudun has a number of academic institutions. According to the Puntland Ministry of Education, there are 7 primary schools in the Xudun District. Among these are Xudun Primary, Lafweyne, Holol and Kulaal. Secondary schools in the area include Xudun Secondary.
Notes
References
Maplandia World Gazetteer
Xudun, Somalia
Category:Sool, Somalia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex
The Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex (Complexo Hidrelétrico de Paulo Afonso), also known as the Paulo Afonso Complex, is a system of three dams and five hydroelectric power plants on the São Francisco River near the city of Paulo Afonso in Bahia, Brazil. The complex exploits an natural gap on the river, known as the Paulo Afonso Falls. Constructed in succession between 1948 and 1979, the dams support the Paulo Afonso I, II, III, IV and Apollonius Sales (Moxotó) power plants which contain a total of 23 generators with an installed capacity of .
PA I was the first large power plant constructed in Brazil and the complex constitutes the densest area of dams in Brazil. The complex provides electricity to areas in northeastern Brazil and is the main tourist attraction in the region.
Background and history
On January 23, 1913, the 1.1 MW Angiquinho Hydroelectric Plant, built by industrialist Delmiro Gouveia, was the first use of the Paulo Afonso Falls for power production and the first hydroelectric power plant in northeastern Brazil. Construction of the power plant was intended to spur economic growth in the area and soon after another hydroelectric plant was constructed upstream near Petrolândia. By the 1940s Brazil's Ministry of Agriculture recognized the importance of harnessing the São Francisco River for economic development in the semi-arid region. They began to plan the river's development and the Companhia Hidro-Elétrica do São Francisco (CHESF) was formed in 1945. On May 23, 1944, construction on Paulo Afonso I had been authorized with two generators. Construction began in 1948; workers and engineers experienced difficulty diverting the river, transporting the turbines to the site while in midst of dangerous work conditions. Tunnels and a cavern had to be excavated for Brazil's first underground power plant. Due to the depth and strength of the river near the falls, it was not diverted until 1954. On January 15, 1955, Brazilian President João Café Filho inaugurated PA I. Previously, in 1953, CHESF negotiated with the government for a third generating unit at PA I and the excavation of another underground power plant for the future PA II adjacent to PA I on the falls. The third generator at PA I was commissioned on September 18, 1955 and construction of PA II began that year as well.
By 1961, PA II was complete and on October 24 that year, its first generator was commissioned. PA II's five other generators became operational between 1962 and December 18, 1967. Construction on PA III started soon after in 1967 and was complete in 1971 with its first generator commissioned on October 21 that year. Another generator was commissioned in 1972 and the final two in 1974, the last of which on August 5. In 1971, construction had moved to the Apollonius Sales (Moxotó) Dam and power plant upstream from the falls. In 1977, construction was completed and its four generators went online in April of that year. In 1972, construction began on the final dam and power plant, PA IV, southwest of the falls. Construction was complete in 1979 and its first generator commissioned on December 1. Two more generators were commissioned in 1980, two in 1981 and the final on May 28, 1983.
Construction of the dams caused a loss of of land along with displacing 52,000 people.
Specifications
Apollonius Sales (Moxotó)
The Appollonius Sales Dam and power plant were originally known as Moxotó but were renamed after Appollonius Sales, the founder of CHESF. The dam is a high, long rock and earth-fill embankment dam. The dam creates a capacity reservoir with a surface area of and catchment area of . The dam and its reservoir are primarily intended to regulate water flow to PA I, II and III 4 km downstream. On the dam's west side, it supports a 20 floodgate spillway with a capacity. The power plant is located on the east side of the dam near the reservoir's shore and contains four generators, each with Kaplan turbines. Each generator has a nameplate capacity of for a total installed capacity of .
Paulo Afonso I, II, III
Situated directly on top of the Paulo Afonso Falls, the Delmiro Gouveia Dam supports Paulo Afonso I, II and III. The dam is high, long and is a concrete gravity type. The reservoir formed by the dam has a capacity and surface area of . The dam has one uncontrolled spillway and a controlled spillway on its outer linings while also supporting four controlled spillways on the front of the falls. These four surface spillways when open, discharge water below and essentially recreate the falls.
All three power plants are about underground and adjacent to one another. PA I lies in the center and is housed in a long, high and wide cavern. It contains three generators with Francis turbines, for an installed capacity of . The generators are Vertical Sync-type and were manufactured by Westinghouse. The turbines were manufactured by Dominion Engineering Works. PA II is a long, high and wide power house. It contains six Vertical Sync-type generators with Francis turbines. Two of the generators are , one is and the remaining three are , for a total installing capacity of MW. The generators were manufactured by S. Morgan Smith and Hitachi while the turbines by Voith. PA III's power house is long, high and wide. It contains four Vertical Sync-type generators manufactured by Siemens for an installed capacity of . Each generator utilizes a Francis turbine manufactured by Voith.
Paulo Afonso IV
The Paulo Afonso Dam located southwest of the falls is high and long. The dam is an earth and rock-fill type but is in length of concrete structures which include the power plant's intake and the spillway. The spillway is composed of eight floodgates and has a maximum discharge capacity of . The dam withholds a capacity reservoir with a surface area of . The reservoir receives water through a channel that originates near the southern end of the Appolonius Sales Reservoir and continues south, skirting the city. The PA IV power house is also underground and is long, high and wide. It contains six MW generators for an installed capacity of . Each generator is a SíncronoVertical-type manufactured by Siemens and utilizes vertical shaft Francis turbines that were manufactured by Voith.
See also
List of power stations in Brazil
References
External links
CHESF - Paulo Afonso Hydroelectric Complex
Category:Dams in Bahia
Category:Dams on the São Francisco River
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1955
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1967
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1974
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1983
Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1977
Category:Underground power stations
Category:1955 establishments in Brazil | {
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William H. Burke
William H. Burke was the head coach of The College of William & Mary's football team in 1899. He coached only one season and compiled a 2–3 record.
After leaving William & Mary, Burke coached for two seasons at St. Bonaventure University in Allegany, New York. He went 1–0 in 1905 and 2–0 in 1906.
Head coaching record
References
Category:Date of birth unknown
Category:Date of death unknown
Category:St. Bonaventure Brown Indians football coaches
Category:William & Mary Tribe football coaches | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Massachusetts Marauders seasons
This is a list of seasons completed by the Massachusetts Marauders. The Marauders were a professional arena football franchise of the Arena Football League (AFL), based in Worcester, Massachusetts. The team was established in 1988 as the Detroit Drive. The franchise appeared in the ArenaBowl in every season in which they were located in Detroit, winning ArenaBowl II, ArenaBowl III, ArenaBowl IV, and ArenaBowl VI. Though the franchise was a consistent championship contender, then-owner Mike Ilitch sold the Drive after purchasing the Detroit Tigers of Major League Baseball. The new owner then moved the team to Massachusetts for the 1994 season, where they changed their name to the Marauders. After an altercation between the new owner and the commissioner of the AFL, the team folded. Almost three years later, Dan DeVos, son of Amway co-founder and current owner of the NBA's Orlando Magic, Richard DeVos, bought the franchise out of bankruptcy court. The franchise would play in the 1998 season, but as the Grand Rapids Rampage, however the Rampage do not retain the history and records of the Detroit/Massachusetts era. While in Detroit, the Drive played at Joe Louis Arena, and at Worcester Centrum for their single season in Massachusetts.
References
General
Category:Arena Football League seasons by team
Category:Massachusetts Marauders
Category:Detroit-related lists
Category:Michigan sports-related lists
Category:Massachusetts sports-related lists | {
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} |
Chariton City Hall and Fire Station
Chariton City Hall and Fire Station is located in Chariton, Iowa, United States. The combination building was designed by city engineer William L. Perkins, who had become known for designing residential and public buildings. The new facility came about because of the inadequate wood frame facilities they shared, and it was underscored by a fire that destroyed the center section of the south side of the town square in March 1930. While its dedication did not take place until March 1932, the city took possession of the completed facility in December 1931. An addition for the fire department was completed in 1979. While the asymmetrical facade and the recessed limestone surround of the main entrance reflects the Art Deco style that was popular at the time, the building's styling reflects the Neoclassical style. It is primarily found in the pilasters that flank the entrance, and the low relief emblems and festoons on the stone panels. The city hall\fire station was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. In 2014 it was included as a contributing property in the Lucas County Courthouse Square Historic District.
References
Category:Government buildings completed in 1931
Category:Chariton, Iowa
Category:Neoclassical architecture in Iowa
Category:Buildings and structures in Lucas County, Iowa
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Lucas County, Iowa
Category:City and town halls on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Category:Fire stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Category:City and town halls in Iowa
Category:Fire stations in Iowa
Category:Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Iowa | {
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Informe Semanal
Informe Semanal (English: Weekly Report) is a Spanish news magazine which has been broadcast on La 1 of Televisión Española weekly since 1973. It is the second longest runtime program in the history of television in Spain, just behind the daily newscast Telediario.
With more than 43 years on air, Informe Semanal is referred as the milestone news program in Europe and it is Televisión Española's most awarded program.
Format
The program's format is based on the American program 60 Minutes from CBS, that consists of four reports about themes as current affairs, economy, politics, society and culture. Each report lasts around 10–15 minutes.
History
Informe Semanal started broadcast on March 31, 1973, then titled "Semanal Informativo" and hosted by José Antonio Silva and directed by Pedro Erquicia. Since then they have issued more than 6000 reports.
In 1978 Erquicia left the direction of the program and was replaced by Jorge Martínez Reverte and for some time the format was changed and live interviews were featured.
Directors
Pedro Erquicia (1973-1978)
Rafael Martínez Dubán (1978-1981)
Ramón Colom (1981-1987)
Jorge Martínez Reverte (1988)
Baltasar Magro (1988-1989)
María Antonia Iglesias (1989-1990)
Elena Martí (1990)
Ana Ramírez Cañil (1990-1991)
Fernando López Agudín (1991-1994)
Manuel Sánchez Pereira (1994-1996)
Baltasar Magro (1996-2004)
Alicia Gómez Montano (2004-2012)
Jenaro Castro (2012-)
Hosts
José Antonio Silva (1973-1975)
Pedro Erquicia (1976-1978)
Rosa María Mateo (1975-1980)
Adela Cantalapiedra (1980-1981)
Ramón Colom (1981-1983)
Mari Carmen García Vela (1983-1996)
Georgina Cisquella (1996)
Baltasar Magro (1996-2000)
Almudena Ariza (2000-2001)
Letizia Ortiz (2001)
Baltasar Magro (2001-2004)
Pilar García Muñiz (2004)
Alicia Gómez Montano (2004-2005)
Beatriz Ariño (2005-2007)
Beatriz Ariño, María Casado, Ana Blanco, Lorenzo Milá, David Cantero, Ana Pastor and Pepa Bueno (2007-2009)
David Cantero (2009-2010)
Ana Roldán (2010-2012)
Olga Lambea (2012–present)
References
Category:1973 Spanish television series debuts
Category:1970s Spanish television series
Category:1980s Spanish television series
Category:1990s Spanish television series
Category:2000s Spanish television series
Category:2010s Spanish television series
Category:RTVE shows | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Natalia Anoikina
Natalia Valeryevna Anoikina ; born 13 February 1987), née Natalia Anoikina (), is a Russian basketball center. She was part of the Russian team that won the 2011 European Championships. At the club level her teams placed second at the 2009–10 EuroCup and 2014–15 EuroLeague.
Myasoyedova was born in a family of medical doctors and took up basketball only around the age of 17. She is married to the volleyball player Sergey Anoikin.
References
Category:1987 births
Category:Living people
Category:Russian women's basketball players
Category:Centers (basketball) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Arado Flugzeugwerke
Arado Flugzeugwerke was a German aircraft manufacturer, originally established as the Warnemünde factory of the Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen firm, that produced land-based military aircraft and seaplanes during the First World War.
History
With its parent company, it ceased operations following the First World War, when restrictions on German aviation were created by the Treaty of Versailles. In 1921, the factory was purchased by Heinrich Lübbe, who is said to have assisted Anthony Fokker in the creation of the pioneering Stangensteuerung synchronization gear system during 1914-15, and re-commenced aircraft construction for export, opening a subsidiary, Ikarus, in Yugoslavia. Walter Rethel, previously of Kondor and Fokker, was appointed head designer.
In 1925, the company joined the Arado Handelsgesellschaft ("Arado trading firm") that was founded by the industrialist Hugo Stinnes Junior for covering up illegal trade with military equipment. When in 1933 the new Nazi government came to power in Germany, Stinnes emigrated and Lübbe took control of the company. Just prior to this, Walter Blume, formerly of Albatros, replaced Rethel.
Arado achieved early prominence as a supplier to the Luftwaffe with the Arado Ar 66, which became one of the standard Luftwaffe trainers right into World War II. The firm also produced some of the Luftwaffe's first fighter aircraft, the Ar 65 and Ar 68. In 1936, the RLM (Reichsluftfahrtministerium – "Reich Aviation Ministry") insisted that, as a show of loyalty, Lübbe should join the Nazi party. When he refused, he was arrested and forced to sell the company to the state. It was renamed to the more specific (and accurate) Arado Flugzeugwerke GmbH, and was placed under the direction of Erich Serno, and Felix Wagenführ, himself a former IdFlieg officer in World War I.
When Germany invaded Poland, instigating World War II, two more Arado products rose to prominence, the
Ar 96, which became the Luftwaffe's most used trainer, and the Ar 196 a reconnaissance seaplane that became standard equipment on all larger German warships. Unfortunately for Arado, most of their other designs were passed over in favour of stronger products from their competitors, such as Germany's only heavy bomber fielded during the war, the Heinkel He 177, for which Arado was the primary subcontractor. Perhaps Arado's most celebrated aircraft of the war was the Ar 234, the first jet-powered bomber. Too late to have any real effect on the outcome of the conflict, it was nevertheless a sign of things to come.
Until their liberation in April 1945 by the Soviet army, 1,012 slave laborers from Freiburg, a sub-camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp, worked at the Arado factory, beginning with the first trainload of 249 prisoners arriving in August 1944. The prisoners were mostly Polish Jewish women and girls sent to Freiburg from Auschwitz.
Arado also licence-built various versions of, and components for the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.
In 1945, the company was liquidated and broken up.
The Ar 96 continued to be produced in Czechoslovakia by Zlin for many years after the war as the C.2B.
Aircraft
Arado aircraft include:
Arado L 1, sportsplane
Arado L II, sportsplane
Arado S I, civil trainer
Arado S III, civil trainer
Arado SC I, civil trainer
Arado SC II, civil trainer
Arado SD I, prototype fighter
Arado SD II, prototype fighter
Arado SD III, prototype fighter
Arado SSD I, prototype fighter seaplane
Arado V I – airliner
Arado W 2 – civil trainer seaplane
Arado Ar 64, fighter (biplane)
Arado Ar 65, fighter/trainer (biplane – re-engined Ar 64)
Arado Ar 66, trainer + night fighter
Arado Ar 67, fighter (biplane) (prototype)
Arado Ar 68, fighter (biplane)
Arado Ar 69, trainer (biplane) (prototypes), 1933
Arado Ar 76, fighter (biplane) + trainer
Arado Ar 77, trainer + light fighter
Arado Ar 79, trainer + civilian aircraft
Arado Ar 80, fighter (prototype)
Arado Ar 81, two-seat biplane (prototype)(1936)
Arado Ar 95, coastal patrol + attack (biplane seaplane)
Arado Ar 96, trainer
Arado Ar 195, carrier based torpedo bomber
Arado Ar 196, ship-borne reconnaissance + coastal patrol (seaplane)
Arado Ar 197, naval fighter (biplane - derived from Ar 68)
Arado Ar 198, reconnaissance
Arado Ar 199, seaplane trainer
Arado Ar 231, fold-wing U-boat reconnaissance aircraft (prototype)
Arado Ar 232, transport
Arado Ar 233, seaplane(concept), 1940
Arado Ar 234 Blitz ('Lightning'), bomber (jet-engined)
Arado Ar 240, heavy fighter + attack
Arado Ar 296, trainer, similar to Ar 96 but all wood construction
Arado Ar 340, medium bomber
Arado Ar 396, trainer
Arado Ar 432, transport, similar to Ar 232 but mixed wood and metal construction
Arado Ar 440, heavy fighter + attack
Arado Ar 532, cancelled transport
Major internal World War II projects under the RLM:
Arado E.240
Arado E.300
Arado E.310
Arado E.340
Arado E.370
Arado E.371
Arado E.375
Arado E.377
Arado E.377ª
Arado E.380
Arado E.381/I
Arado E.381/II
Arado E.381/III
Arado E.385
Arado E.390
Arado E.395
Arado E.396
Arado E.401
Arado E.430
Arado E.432
Arado E.433
Arado E.440
Arado E.441
Arado E.470
Arado E.480
Arado E.490
Arado E.500
Arado E.530
Arado E.532
Arado E.555
Arado E.560
Arado E.561
Arado E.580
Arado E.581.4
Arado E.581.5
Arado E.583
Arado E.625
Arado E.632
Arado E.651
Arado E.654
Arado Ar Projekt II jet fighter
References
External links
.
.
Category:Defunct aircraft manufacturers of Germany
Category:Companies involved in the Holocaust | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1994–95 Liverpool F.C. season
The 1994-95 season was Liverpool's first full season under the management of Roy Evans, who had succeeded Graeme Souness halfway through 1993-94.
The season saw Liverpool win the League Cup for a record fifth time, beating Bolton Wanderers 2-1 in the final at Wembley with two goals from Steve McManaman. They improved on last season's eighth-place finish to reach fourth place in the final table, their best final position in four years, although they never really looked like serious title contenders.
Early in the season, Evans bolstered his defence by signing John Scales from Wimbledon and Phil Babb from Coventry City. In attack, Robbie Fowler was top scorer with 25 goals in the league and 31 in all competitions, while the ageing Ian Rush continued to thrive with 12 in the league and 19 in all competitions.
Heading out of the Anfield exit door early in the season was midfielder Don Hutchison to West Ham United, while January saw exit of defender Steve Nicol to Notts County after 13 years at Anfield. The club suffered a tragedy on 2 January 1995 when 19-year-old midfielder Ian Frodsham, who was on a professional contract but had yet to play a first team game, died of cancer of the spine.
Players
First-team squad
Left club during season
Reserves and academy
Transfers
In
Out
Premier League
Matches
FA Cup
Matches
Coca-Cola Cup
Matches
Events of the season
August
The only major signing of the season was that of Danish goalkeeper Michael Stensgaard as understudy to David James, following Bruce Grobbelaar's departure to Southampton. Defender Julian Dicks had returned to West Ham United after an unsuccessful season at Anfield, followed by midfielder Don Hutchison just after the start of the season, around the same time that veteran Ronnie Whelan called time on 15 years at Anfield and signed for Southend United.
The league campaign began in style with a 6-1 away win over newly promoted Crystal Palace in which Ian Rush and Steve McManaman both scored twice, with Robbie Fowler and Jan Molby scoring the other goals. Robbie Fowler then managed a hat-trick in less than five minutes in the next game, when Liverpool beat Arsenal 3-0 at Anfield. Fowler was on target again, along with John Barnes, in the next game - a 2-0 win at Southampton.
September
The month began with Roy Evans breaking the national defender transfer fee with a £3.6 million move for Wimbledon's John Scales, followed 24 hours later by a £3.5 million signing of Coventry's Phil Babb.
Liverpool saw league action just three times in September, and failed to record any wins. The first game was a goalless draw at home to West Ham, followed by a 2-0 defeat at Manchester United before Ian Rush scored Liverpool's only league goal of the month in a 1-1 away draw with Newcastle United. The Reds were sixth in the league, which was being led by Newcastle.
The League Cup quest began on 21 September, in which John Scales scored his first goal for the club and was joined on the scoresheet by Robbie Fowler in a 2-0 second-round first-leg win over Burnley at Turf Moor.
October
October saw mixed results for Liverpool, who were beaten 3-2 by Kenny Dalglish's title chasers Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park before recording a 3-0 home win over Wimbledon and a 3-1 away win over Ipswich Town. The month ended on a sour note with a 2-1 defeat at QPR.
Liverpool eliminated Burnley from the League Cup with a 4-1 win in the second leg, in which Jamie Redknapp was on the scoresheet twice and Nigel Clough scored what would be his only goal of the season. In the next round, Ian Rush scored twice as the Reds defeated Stoke City 2-1 at Anfield.
The Reds ended October in fifth place, with Newcastle still leading the way, newly promoted Nottingham Forest second and pushing hard for a rare title one season after promotion, followed by Manchester United and Blackburn.
November
A goal from Robbie Fowler on 5 November gave Liverpool a 1-0 home win over fellow title challengers Nottingham Forest at Anfield. Fowler then scored twice in the next game, a 3-1 win home win over Chelsea. Liverpool were then on the losing side in the Merseyside derby at Goodison Park, where a struggling Everton won 2-0. The month ended with a 1-1 home draw against Tottenham Hotspur. The League Cup quest continued at the end of the month when an Ian Rush hat-trick disposed of Blackburn in the fourth round at Ewood Park. The Reds ended the month fourth in the Premier League, six points behind leaders Blackburn.
December
Liverpool were unbeaten in the six league games they played in December, but the first three of those were draws so the subsequent wins over Leicester City, Manchester City and Leeds United restricted them to third place in the league when wins from those first three games would have put them just one point behind leaders Blackburn.
January
The first month of 1995 saw the departure of Liverpool's longest serving player Steve Nicol, who signed for Division One strugglers Notts County after losing his place in the first team to new arrivals John Scales and Phil Babb.
However, the year began on a bright note with a 4-0 home win over Norwich City. Then came a 1-0 defeat at home to struggling Ipswich, followed by a goalless draw in the second Merseyside derby of the season at Anfield.
There was success in the cup competitions as an Ian Rush goal gave the Reds 1-0 win over Arsenal in the League Cup quarter-final. However, it took a penalty shoot-out in a replay to see off Division Two underdogs Birmingham City in the FA Cup third round, while Division One strugglers Burnley faced Liverpool again after the League Cup meeting to hold the Reds to a goalless draw at Turf Moor, forcing yet another replay against lower league opposition.
February
Another quiet month for league action saw the Reds held to 1-1 draws with Forest and QPR before scraping to a 2-1 win away to Sheffield Wednesday. As had happened last month, the biggest news for Liverpool was in the cup competitions. The FA Cup fourth round replay saw them overcome Burnley 1-0, before a fifth round clash with Wimbledon ended in a 1-1 draw and forced another replay, which the Reds won 2-0. Then came the League Cup semi-final first leg at Anfield, in which a Robbie Fowler goal saw the Reds defeat Crystal Palace (battling relegation but chasing glory in both cup competitions) 1-0.
It was looking too late for Liverpool to challenge for a league title win and a unique domestic treble, as they were now 15 points behind leaders Blackburn (though they did have two games in hnd) and occupying fourth place.
March
March brought the familiar pattern for Liverpool of mixed results in the league but good form in the cups. Wins over title hopefuls Manchester United and Newcastle but a home defeat by relegation-threatened Coventry and an away draw with Tottenham Hotspur saw them fall to fifth place in the table and leave their title hopes almost completely dead. The FA Cup fifth round replay against Wimbledon saw Liverpool win 2-0, but their hopes of glory ended in the quarter-finals when they 2-1 at home to Tottenham Hotspur. However, the League Cup campaign continued with another 1-0 win over Crystal Palace and another goal from Robbie Fowler in the second leg of the semi-final, to book the Reds a Wembley date with Bolton Wanderers and a chance of becoming the first team to win the League Cup five times.
April
The League Cup final at Wembley Stadium on 2 April 1995 saw Liverpool beat Bolton 2-1 with a brace from Steve McManaman giving Roy Evans the first major trophy of his managerial career, and Liverpool's first major trophy since the FA Cup in 1992. With a place in the UEFA Cup guaranteed for next season and the title now beyond reasonable hope for Liverpool, there was less pressure on them in the final few games of the season, and they looked well placed to finish higher in the league than they had in any of the previous three seasons. Four wins and two defeats from six games made the previously crucial top-five finish a near certainty anyway.
May
A draw with Wimbledon and defeats to two sides climbing clear of relegation danger (Aston Villa and West Ham United) were of little importance to a Liverpool side who could no longer win the title but had already booked European action with their League Cup glory. There was, however, one more game left to play. The final game of the league season was at Anfield on 14 May, and the opponents were Blackburn. Kenny Dalglish's new team were two points ahead of Manchester United - the last side capable of catching them - and a win for them would secure their first league title since 1914. However, if they lost or drew and Manchester United won at West Ham, the title would remain at Old Trafford for the third successive season. There was speculation that Liverpool would give their old manager an easy ride and let him add to the three title success he had managed them to in his time there, but Roy Evans dismissed such talk and his Liverpool side defeated Dalglish's men 2-1. The stadium was a scene of jubilation after the final whistle when news came through that the game in east London had ended in a 1-1 draw and Blackburn had ended their 81-year title wait.
Notes
References
Category:Liverpool F.C. seasons
Liverpool | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Credential Recordings
Credential Recordings is a pop and rock record label in Nashville, Tennessee. The label branched out after a distribution agreement with Lowercase People Records for Switchfoot singer Jon Foreman's solo EPs, which tend to be more folk-acoustic in style. They also have agreements with the label to release its Switchfoot and Fiction Family releases to the Christian market.
Roster
Present
Jon Foreman (since 2007)
Fiction Family (since 2009, distribution agreement only)
The New Respects (since 2016)
Past
Dizmas (Moved to Forefront Records, then went on hiatus)
Edison Glass (Disbanded)
Future of Forestry (Active, currently unsigned)
Lost Ocean (Active, currently unsigned)
Sixpence None The Richer (Active, currently unsigned)
Turn Off the Stars (Disbanded)
Patty Griffin (currently with New West Records)
Seabird (Active, currently Independent)
Compilation albums
Stereocilia Vol. 1 (June 10, 2006)
The Tour EP (January 23, 2007)
Lowercase People Records
Credential Recordings handles the distribution for Switchfoot frontman Jon Foreman's solo EPs under an exclusive partnership with the band's label, Lowercase people records.
See also
List of record labels
References
Further reading
External links
MySpace page
PureVolume page
Category:Record labels based in Nashville, Tennessee
Category:American record labels
Category:Christian record labels | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nanaimo Timbermen
The Nanaimo Timbermen are a Senior A box lacrosse club, based in Nanaimo, British Columbia. The team competes in the 7-team Western Lacrosse Association (WLA).
Their short history has not been a pleasant one, placing sixth place in their first two seasons. In 2007, the Timbermen finished in fifth place, missing the playoffs by a tie-breaker with the Maple Ridge Burrards. In the 2010 season, the Timbermen finished fifth in the league, missing the playoffs by a three-way tie-breaker with the Coquitlam Adanacs and Maple Ridge Burrards.
Unlike their island counterparts, the Victoria Shamrocks, the Timbermen rely on mostly local talent with 9 of their players coming from the Nanaimo area and 19 of their players coming from Vancouver Island.
This team is not related to the similarly named Nanaimo Timbermen that played in the WLA from 1951 to 1961 and also from 1975 to 1981.
All time Record
External links
Nanaimo Timbermen Official Website
Current Roster
Bible of Lacrosse
Category:Sport in Nanaimo
Category:Western Lacrosse Association teams | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Katherina
Katherina may refer to:
Katharina Bellowitsch
Katherine Hadford
Susanne Langer
In literature:
Katherina Minola, primary character in the Shakespeare play The Taming of the Shrew.
See also
Catherina (disambiguation) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Permanent Representatives of Italy to the European Union
The Italian Permanent Representative to the European Union is the official representative of the Government in Rome to the European Commission.
List of Representatives
References
European Union
Italy | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Croceae (Laconia)
Croceae or Krokeai () was a village of ancient Laconia on the road from Sparta to Gythium, and near the latter place. It was celebrated for its marble quarries. Pausanias describes the marble as difficult to work, but when wrought forming beautiful decorations for temples, baths, and fountains. There was a marble statue of Zeus Croceates before the village, and at the quarries bronze statues of the Dioscuri. The most celebrated of the Corinthian baths was adorned with marble from the quarries at Croceae. A number of blocks of green Laconian porphyry from the quarries at Croceae have been found in the palace of Minos at Cnossus.
These quarries were discovered by the French Commission two miles (3 km) southeast of Krokees (formerly, Levétzova); and near the village have been found some blocks of marble, probably the remains of the statue of Zeus Croceates. A memorial of the worship of the Dioscuri at this place still exists in a bas-relief, representing the two gods with their horses: beneath is a Latin inscription. The marble in these quarries is green porphyry; and though not suitable for Grecian temples, it would be greatly prized by the Romans, who employed extensively variegated kinds of marble for the decoration of their buildings. Hence it is probable that the marble celebrated by the Romans under the name of Laconian was this green porphyry from Croceae; and that it was the quarries of this place which, Strabo says, were opened by the Romans at Taygetus.
References
Category:Populated places in ancient Laconia
Category:Former populated places in Greece
Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Greece | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Losse (river)
Losse is a river of Hesse, Germany. It is a right tributary of the Fulda, which it joins in Kassel. It flows through Hessisch Lichtenau and Kaufungen.
See also
List of rivers of Hesse
References
Category:Rivers of Hesse
Category:North Hesse
Category:Rivers of Germany | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Chittobochiah Creek
Chittobochiah Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to Catalpa Creek.
A variant transliteration is "Ittobechi Creek". The name Ittobechi is derived from the Choctaw language, and it's purported to mean "one that causes fighting".
References
Category:Rivers of Mississippi
Category:Bodies of water of Lowndes County, Mississippi
Category:Bodies of water of Oktibbeha County, Mississippi | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Viburnum australe
Viburnum australe, known by the common name Mexican arrowwood, is a woody plant in the family Adoxaceae (previously Caprifoliaceae). It is found in northeastern Mexico and western Texas.
Description
Viburnum australe grows as a deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub, reaching in height.
Branches angled, dull, glabrous, pale; branchlcts similar, sparsely glandular; leaves opposite, petiolate, the petiole up to long, glandular, hispidulous, stipulate, the stipules persistent, borne on the petiole about above its base, linear, up to long, glandular and hispidulous; blades broadly ovate to suborbicular, the larger long by wide, cordate or subcordate at base, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, conspicuously dentate (the teeth broad, extending to the middle of the blade or below), ciliate, above sparsely but uniformly strigose (the hairs all simple), glabrate with age, beneath glandular, hispidulous on the veins and veinlets, densely bearded in the vein axils; lateral veins 2 to 5, straight, reaching the margin; peduncle up to long, conspicuously glandular, bearing a few stellate hairs, these with numerous spreading branches; bracts at base of inlorescence conspicuous, up to long, broad at middle, narrowed at base, glandular and sparsely pubescent, the hairs both simple and stellate; cyme up to wide and long, twice compound, the primary rays 6 to 8, very densely glandular; bractlets of cyme linear, glandular, sparingly ciliate; calyx tube long, cylindric, densely glandular; calyx lobes about long, acute, ciliate with long simple hairs, glabrous on the back, eglandular; corolla long, glabrous; stamens slightly exserted, the ilaments about long; style glabrous; fruit much lattened, about long, wide, and thick, leshy, the endocarp 3-sulcate on one face (the central groove very slight, the lateral pronounced) and lightly 2-sulcate on the other, with no ventral intrusion.
Distribution and habitat
Viburnum australe is native to the Sierra Madre Oriental in the Mexican states of Coahuila and Nuevo Léon. It also occurs in the United States in the Davis Mountains of Texas. V. australe inhabits mesic pine-oak forests above .
Taxonomy and evolution
The generic name originated in Latin, where it referred to V. lantana. The specific epithet australe is derived from Latin australis, meaning "southern" (c.f. Australia).
Viburnum australe was described as a separate species by Conrad Vernon Morton in 1933, from a specimen collected in 1906 by Cyrus Guernsey Pringle. Subsequent taxonomists subsumed V. australe into Viburnum affine C.K.Schneid., which is itself considered a midwestern variety of Viburnum rafinesqueanum Schult. However, recent molecular phylogenetic work has revealed that V. australe is actually more closely related to V. ellipticum, from the Pacific Coast Ranges of the western United States, than it is to V. rafinesqueanum. V. australe would therefore be considered a distinct species under the phylogenetic species concept.
Viburnum australe and V. ellipticum are closely related to three species from eastern North America: V. rafinesqueanum, V. molle, and the endangered V. bracteatum. These species, known as clade Mollodontotinus, are in turn more distantly related to the arrowwood species complex and its Neotropical relatives in clade Oreinodontotinus.
Conservation
Viburnum australe is considered to be a rare species in the United States, where it is known from a single locality near the town of Madera Springs, Texas.
Like other species in clades Mollodontotinus and Oreinodontotinus, Viburnum australe is vulnerable to Pyrrhalta viburni, an invasive Eurasian leaf beetle. North American Viburnum, which did not coevolve with P. viburni, lack the physiological defenses that allow its Eurasian relatives to fend off beetle infestations, and have therefore been decimated in areas where P. viburni has become established.
References
External links
Holotype of Viburnum australe at the JSTOR Global Plants virtual herbarium.
australe | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet
Sir Henry Strachey, 1st Baronet (23 May 1736 – 3 January 1810) was a British civil servant and politician who sat in the House of Commons for 39 years from 1768 to 1807.
Life
Strachey was the eldest son of Henry Strachey, of Sutton Court, Somerset, and his first wife Helen, daughter of Robert Clerk, a Scottish physician.
His grandfather was the geologist John Strachey and his great-grandfather John Strachey was a friend of John Locke.
He was appointed private secretary to Lord Clive in India in 1762, a position he held until 1768, when he was returned to Parliament for Pontefract. He sat for this constituency until 1774, and later represented Bishop's Castle from 1774 to 1778 and from 1780 to 1802, Saltash from 1774 to 1780 and East Grinstead from 1802 to 1807.
Strachey was Clerk of the Deliveries of the Ordnance from 1778 to 1780 and Principal Storekeeper of the Ordnance from October 1780 to May 1782 and after a hiatus again in 1783-84. He served under the Marquess of Rockingham as Joint Secretary to the Treasury in 1782 and under the Earl of Shelburne as Joint Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1782 to 1783.
He took part in the peace negotiations with the American colonies in Paris in 1783 with Richard Oswald representing the British and John Jay, Johns Adams and Benjamin Franklin representing the Americans.
This resulted in the Treaty of Paris (1783). He later served as Master of the Household between 1794 and 1810.
In 1801, he was created a Baronet, of Sutton Court in the County of Somerset.
Strachey died in January 1810, aged 72, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son Henry.
Family
In 1770 Strachey married Jane, only daughter of Capt. John Kelsall (1702-1787), the widow of Capt. Thomas Latham. They had three sons and one daughter. His second son Edward Strachey was the father of John Strachey and Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Strachey and the grandfather of Lytton Strachey, James Strachey, Oliver Strachey and Dorothy Bussy.
Other descendants of Strachey include the Liberal politician Edward Strachey, 1st Baron Strachie, the journalist John Strachey and the Labour politician John Strachey.
Lady Strachey died on 12 February 1824.
References
Attribution
External links
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
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Category:1736 births
Category:1810 deaths
Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Category:Masters of the Household
Henry, 1st Baronet
Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall
Category:British MPs 1768–1774
Category:British MPs 1774–1780
Category:British MPs 1780–1784
Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Category:UK MPs 1801–1802
Category:UK MPs 1802–1806
Category:UK MPs 1806–1807 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Humidity indicator card
A humidity indicator card (HIC) is a card on which a moisture-sensitive chemical is impregnated such that it will change color when the indicated relative humidity is exceeded. This has usually been a blotting paper impregnated with cobalt(II) chloride base; Less toxic alternatives include other chemicals such as cobalt-free chloride base and special plastic films.
Humidity indicators are an inexpensive way to indicate or quantify relative humidity levels inside sealed packaging. They are available in many configurations and used in many applications, especially military and semiconductor. The most common humidity indicator cards change color from blue (less than indicated RH level) to pink (greater than indicated RH level).
History
The need for an easily read humidity indicator that could not be damaged by vibration was identified during World War II. Rear Admiral Welford C. Blinn, at that time the Commander of the USS Pope, became concerned about the poor condition of the weapons and ammunition arriving in the Pacific Theater. High humidity in the South Pacific, coupled with poor packaging methods, was causing corrosion and moisture damage. A significant amount of ordnance was arriving in an unstable, and sometimes dangerous, condition. Following the end of the war Rear Admiral Blinn was assigned to Washington, D.C., where he had the use of a research lab. There he developed the concept for the first color change humidity indicator, a simple Go/no go method of monitoring humidity.
In the late 1940s, Relative Humidity in the range of 30-35% was the concern because this is when corrosion can begin. For 50 years, industrial and military applications for color change humidity indicators were the primary market for these products. R. Admiral Blinn founded Humidial Corporation in 1948 Acquired by Süd-Chemie, Inc., in 1989 to commercialize humidity indicators, later acquired by Clariant
In the mid-1980s descendants of R. Admiral Blinn began working with manufactures of semiconductors to identify and resolve the problem of “pop corning”. It was determined that the solder mounting of semiconductors, also known as devices, onto boards can cause "pop corning" of certain types of surface mount packages if they have been improperly stored or handled. This package delamination occurs as excessive moisture within the package expands as a result of the rapid thermal changes experienced during solder mount operations. As a result, an industry wide standard for packaging of semiconductors was released in 1989. This standard, EIA 583, called for the use of humidity indicator card that would indicate as low as 10%. Adherence to proper storage and handling methods immediately reduced the number of failures in the semiconductors, but over the years it became apparent that even humidity levels under 10% were detrimental to the devices. Once again, the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council (JEDEC), now the standards body for semiconductor packaging, went to the descendants of R. Admiral Blinn to determine the feasibility of making a 5% color change humidity indicator. In April 1999, J-STD-033 was released with a 5, 10, 15% color change indicator card specified.
Humidity indicator cards are also present on many small electronic devices, ranging from cellular phones to laptop computers, for the purpose of alerting the manufacturer that the device has been exposed to high levels of moisture. In many cases this voids or changes the terms of warranty coverage for the device.
The previous United States Military Specification Mil-I-8835A was the governing specification for a humidity indicator card. The humidity indicator card is also specified for use in J-STD-033, which is the standard for handling, packing, shipping and use of moisture/reflow sensitive surface-mount devices. This is a joint standard developed by the Joint Electron Device Engineering Council and IPC and is used in semiconductor packaging.
Cobalt-free humidity indicator cards
Several cobalt-free systems have been developed. Cobalt-free brown to azure (copper(II) chloride base) HICs can be found on the market. In 1998, the European Community (EC) issued a directive which classifies items containing cobalt(II) chloride of 0.01 to 1% w/w as T (Toxic), with the corresponding R phrase of R49 (may cause cancer if inhaled). As a consequence, new cobalt-free humidity indicator cards have been developed by some companies.
Although the EC issued this directive, it did not ban humidity indicators that contain cobalt(II) chloride. The only effect the EC directive has on a humidity indicator card that contains cobalt(II) chloride is setting labeling requirement thresholds.
There are two ways to consider the EC directive:
The cobalt based HIC producers says that if a humidity indicator is considered an article in the EC definition and therefore has no labeling requirements if the content of cobalt(II) chloride by weight is <0.25%. The T (toxic) and R49 (may cause cancer if inhaled) is not applicable because a humidity indicator cannot be inhaled.
On the other hand, if you consider HIC as a chemical (indicating spot) on a paper card (indicator) the consequence is that it should be considered as a preparation, the concentration limit changes to 0.01% weight of cobalt(II) chloride, and it should be labeled as T (toxic) and R49 (may cause cancer if inhaled). Moreover, it is clear that the HIC can not be inhaled, but the regulation is about the content of substances and is a warning for users: e.g. if they know that there are harmful substances in the HIC, they will not dispose of them by burning.
HICs in semiconductor packaging
For semiconductor packaging, HICs are packed inside a moisture-sensitive bag, along with the desiccant, to aid in determining the level of moisture to which the moisture-sensitive devices have been subjected. Moisture sensitivity levels are indicated with a number as in the MSL list.
JEDEC is the leading developer of standards for the solid-state industry and sets the standards for semiconductor packaging. The latest JEDEC standard, the Joint Industry Standard for the “Handling, Packing, Shipping and Use of Moisture/Reflow Sensitive Surface Mount Devices” J-STD-033B, sets forth the use and testing of humidity indicator cards in the dry packaging of semiconductors. HICs are used to ensure that the humidity within dry packed barrier bags remains at safe levels for surface mount devices. In the past, HICs for the semiconductor industry have indicated relative humidity (RH) levels of 5, 10 and 15 percent. However, JEDEC and IPC released JSTD-033B in 2005, which requires the use of an HIC that indicates RH levels of 5, 10 and 60 percent.
The standard includes the use and testing of humidity indicator (HI) cards in the dry packaging of semiconductors. The methods outlined in the standard are prescribed by JEDEC and IPC to avoid damage—like cracks and delamination—from moisture absorption and exposure to solder reflow temperatures that can result in yield and reliability degradation.
The stipulations of J-STD-003B state:
HICs must adhere to a standard, minimal color-change quality level to ensure accuracy and readability between dry and humid states: The Color Meter Test Method quantitatively determines the accuracy of color-change HICs. The levels, as outlined in the J-STD-033B revision, require a “significant, perceptible change in color” between noted humidity levels. Manufacturers are required to test their cards for accuracy using a colorimeter device and be required to provide a test report to the customer certifying that the HIC meets quality requirements.
HICs must indicate humidity levels for MSL 2 Parts, in addition to MSL 2a to 5a: Whereas previous cards used a 5-, 10- and 15-percent relative-humidity spot system to indicate humidity exposure levels for moisture-sensitive components, the new HIC will now feature spots indicating 5, 10 and 60 percent. The change means that cards will now indicate humidity exposure for Level 2 MSL devices. Additionally, a positive reading on the 60-percent spot indicates that cards should not be re-used, as the high levels of humidity to which the card has been exposed will jeopardize the accuracy of low (5% RH) readings. The 5-, 10-, 60-percent cards are complaint with European Community Council Directive 67/548/EEC as long as they do not contain more than the applicable amount of cobalt chloride.
The full standard can be downloaded from JEDEC.
Maximum Irreversible Humidity Indicator Cards
Maximum Humidity Indicator Cards are specially designed cards that monitor relative humidity levels in cargo applications. Each level of humidity is represented by a blue crystal that dissolves to create a large blue spot that clearly indicates the highest relative humidity level that has been reached. Maximum Humidity Indicator Cards are irreversible, thus indicating the highest level of humidity experienced by cargo during its voyage, regardless of current (potentially lower) humidity levels. Maximum Humidity Indicator Cards provide a clear, unmistakable means of determining if goods have been exposed to damaging humidity levels during their journey. If the card indicates high levels of humidity, users know to check their products for possible damage or modify their packaging regimen accordingly. Several technologies are available.
See also
Time temperature indicator
Temperature data logger
References
Category:Desiccation
Category:Atmospheric thermodynamics
Category:Packaging | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration
The NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration was issued on November 20, 2010 by the heads of states and governments, who participated in the 2010 Lisbon summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Touching upon various matters, it was described as geared towards pragmatic co-operation on issues of common concern.
The document was one of the three declarations, adopted by the summit, the other ones being the Declaration by NATO and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on an Enduring Partnership and the Declaration by the Heads of State and Government of the Nations contributing to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
Contents
The Lisbon Summit Declaration consists of 54 paragraphs. Continuing the 2009 Strasbourg–Kehl summit stance in Georgia–NATO relations, the Declaration called on Russia "to reverse its recognition of the South Ossetia and Abkhazia regions of Georgia as independent states" once again. The Declaration also urged Russia "to meet its commitments with respect to Georgia" embodied by the 2008 ceasefire agreement following the 2008 South Ossetia war and subsequent treaty of September 8, 2008. Having reaffirmed the 2008 Bucharest summit decision, the Declaration reiterated that "Georgia will become a member of NATO".
The Declaration emphasized further support for territorial integrity of Azerbaijan amid Nagorno-Karabakh dispute and Moldova amid Transnistria issue in particular. It was noted that protracted regional conflicts there continue "to be a matter of great concern for the alliance". However, because NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen had not supported the idea of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict mediation, the Declaration assumed no legal force in that field.
The key provisions of the Declaration envisage continued support for arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation together with the development a missile defence capable to protect all European NATO member states and enhanced computer security. The NATO-led operations and missions are supposed to be embedded with United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325.
Reaction
The Lisbon Summit Declaration is considered advantageous to Azerbaijani diplomacy: at the 1996 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Lisbon summit Armenian delegation vetoed the Article 20 of summit's declaration, which supported Azerbaijan's integrity, prompting the Azerbaijani side to veto the entire document. The deputy executive secretary of New Azerbaijan Party Mubariz Gurbanli characterised the Lisbon Summit Declaration as "quite significant".
The Declaration was denounced in Armenia. Protesting against the reference to territorial integrity in the document, Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan boycotted the summit, leaving Foreign Minister Eduard Nalbandyan and Defense Minister Seyran Ohanian to represent the country. According to Giro Manoyan, a senior member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the Declaration showed Sargsyan administration's failure to boost Armenia's stance in the West despite rapprochement policy with Turkey.
References
External links
Official text of the Declaration
Category:Political charters
Category:NATO relations
Category:2010 in international relations
Category:History of Lisbon
Category:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict | {
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Mattel Aquarius character set
The Mattel Aquarius character set is an 8-bit character set used by Mattel's Aquarius home computer.
Character set
References
Category:Character sets
Category:Mattel | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lygaria
Lygaria or Ligaria, Λυγαριά(el) is an anonymous Greek folkloric tune (syrtos).The meter is .
It is widespread as a Nisiotika music tune, all over the world.
Original form
The original Greek form of the syrtos is a popular folk dance in Greece (Cyclades). It is widespread as a Nisiotika music tune, all over the world.
See also
Armenaki
References
Category:Year of song unknown
Category:Greek songs
Category:Songwriter unknown | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2017 BK Häcken season
BK Häcken will be competing in the following competitions during the 2017 campaign: Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen
Competitions
Club Friendlies
Allsvenskan
Results summary
Results by matchday
Matches
Svenska Cupen
External links
BK Häcken – official site
Supporterklubben Getingarna – official supporter club site
Sektion G – supporter site
Category:BK Häcken seasons
Häcken | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Robert O. Cox
Robert O. Cox (November 28, 1917 – June 22, 2013) was mayor of Fort Lauderdale, Florida from 1986-1991. Before becoming mayor, Cox spent nearly two decades on the City Commission. Cox owned a local marina.
Role in making Fort Lauderdale a "marine capital"
Before being elected to the City Commission, Cox served on the city's Marine Advisory Board and is often credited for his role in promoting the city as a boating capital. As a member of the Board he encouraged the city to deepen many then-shallow canals, build marinas and advertise the city's boating-related amenities. Later, as a City Commissioner, Cox was instrumental in luring the Whitbread Round the World Race (now known as the Volvo Ocean Race), a leading yacht race, to the city.
The end of spring break
As a Commissioner and later as Mayor, Cox was a leader in the effort to discourage college students from spending spring break in the city.
Accusations of racism and other controversies
Cox declined to seek reelection as mayor following a controversy that erupted after he told a fourth-grade class at Edgewood Elementary School in Fort Lauderdale that all they needed to become mayor was to be "free, white, and 21." Edgewood Elementary principal Collins Plummer moments later requested clarification of the earlier comment by Mayor Cox. Mr. Cox then proceeded an attempt at backtracking by stating that the comment was an old cliche which no longer held true due to advances in rights and opportunities for minorities during his lifetime. Many of the students witnessing the exchange including fourth grader Rafael Bazan were offended by Mayor Cox's remarks and the clarification by the Mayor did little to ease the surprise and offense by all whom witnessed the exchange. Mayor Cox's remarks were played on local news over the next several days causing an uproar from minorities throughout the community. Talk show host Arsenio Hall criticized Cox for these comments. Indeed, this was not the first time Cox made statements and took positions that were perceived by many to be racially insensitive. For example, Cox opposed renaming Southwest 31st Avenue Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. He also opposed making King's birthday a city holiday. He once accused black people of vandalizing his warehouse. He argued against single-member voting districts when the federal government demanded them. Further, he suggested English be the city's official language.
However, Cox's record on race was less clear-cut than these comments and viewpoints suggest. Cox was a progressive on several race-related issues. It was Cox who, in 1972, proposed the city's open housing ordinance after the Broward County Commission failed to pass one. He did so in the face of strong opposition from influential white residents on the city's east side. Notably, former mayor and congressman E. Clay Shaw, Jr., a far less divisive figure than Cox in ensuing years, opposed this ordinance. Further, in 1970, Cox was the only commissioner to vote against a $43,000 armored tank the city bought following race riots. Cox argued it was meant to be turned on a tiny faction of the black community and contended that the money would have been better spent in community relations. Though Cox opposed the district elections that eventually made black businessman Carlton Moore a commissioner. Cox feared districts would divide the city and make commissioners responsive only to their constituents. However, when the measure passed, Cox encouraged Moore to run.
In 1981, while serving as a city commissioner, Cox attracted controversy when he suggested pouring Kerosene in trash cans to prevent the homeless from rummaging for food. Although he later said that he has meant to say bleach, as he did not want to kill anyone, "his comment captured for many the official attitude toward the scruffy souls whose presence marred the city's image".
He died at his New York City home in 2013.
See also
List of mayors of Fort Lauderdale
References
"The Mouth that Roared: Bob Cox, Fort Lauderdale's Outspoken Mayor has Given People Plenty of Reasons to Both Love and Hate Him. Is He a Bigot or Just Too Honest for His Own Good?" Miami Herald, April 20, 1990
"Hard lives commonplace for Broward's homeless population" Sun-Sentinel, January 22, 2005.
Category:Mayors of Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Category:1917 births
Category:2013 deaths | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Chung Kuo (novel series)
Chung Kuo is a series of science fiction novels written by David Wingrove. The novels present a future history of an Earth dominated by China.
Setting
Chung Kuo is primarily set 200 years in the future in mile-high, continent-spanning cities made of a super-plastic called 'ice'. Housing a global population of 40 billion, the cities are divided into 300 levels and success and prestige is measured by how far above the ground one lives. Some – in the Above – live in great comfort. Others – in the Lowers – live in squalor, whilst at the bottom of the pile is 'Below the Net', a place where the criminal element is exiled and left to rot. Beneath the cities lie the ruins of old Earth – the Clay – a lightless, stygian hell in which, astonishingly, humans still exist. These divisions are known as 'the world of levels'.
In addition to the world of levels, there are the great meat-animal pens and sprawling, vast plantations to feed the population. There is also activity beyond Earth. The ruling classes – who base their rule on the customs and fashions of imperial China – maintain traditional palaces and courts both on Earth and in geostationary orbit. There are also Martian research bases and the outer colonies, with their mining planets.
Storyline
At the very heart of Chung Kuo is the 'War of Two Directions' — a struggle for the destiny of Mankind and the clash of two different ideologies. For the planet's hereditary rulers, the T'angs, the goal is stability and security, at the expense of individual freedoms if necessary, while a commercially orientated faction desires change and the uncharted challenge of the new — even though loosening constraints on an over-populated planet could be lethal. Political tensions between the two factions lead to assassination, biological and nano-technological terrorism, and ultimately to war and the outright destruction of whole cities.
The story is told through the eyes of a wide variety of characters from all levels of society: Triad bosses and assassins, emperors and artists, courtesans and soldiers, scientists and thieves, terrorists and princes. By the end of the series the dramatis personae total several hundred characters — most of them dead by that point in the storyline.
Publication history
Originally published between 1988 and 1999, Wingrove planned the series as nine books (three trilogies), but after publication of the seventh volume Wingrove's publisher insisted that the series be concluded in the next (eighth) volume, Marriage of the Living Dark.
In February 2011 Corvus / Atlantic Books began a re-release of the entire Chung Kuo saga, recasting it as twenty books with approximately 500,000 words of new material. This includes two brand new prequel novels, Son of Heaven (released February. 2011 in e-book and March 2011 in hardback) and Daylight on Iron Mountain and a significant restructuring of the end of the series to reflect Wingrove's original intentions. The two prequels cover events between 2045 and 2100 AD, telling the story of China's rise to power.
Originally, only one prequel novel was planned for September 2010. News of the additional prequel volume and a delayed release schedule was announced on the Interstellar Tactics blog.
On October 25, 2016, Wingrove announced that the publishing rights for the series had reverted to the author and that he planned to self-publish the entire 20-book series starting in 2017.
Original release
The Middle Kingdom (1989)
The Broken Wheel (1990)
The White Mountain (1992)
The Stone Within (1993)
Beneath the Tree of Heaven (1994)
White Moon, Red Dragon (1994)
Days of Bitter Strength (1997)
The Marriage of the Living Dark (1999)
Corvus re-release
The twenty books in the re-release schedule were planned to be published at regular intervals between February 2011 and June 2015. After The White Mountain was published, the publishers discontinued the series because of poor sales.
Son of Heaven (February 2011)
Daylight on Iron Mountain (November 2011)
The Middle Kingdom (August 2012)
Ice and Fire (December 2012)
The Art of War (March 2013)
An Inch of Ashes (July 2013)
The Broken Wheel (November 2013)
The White Mountain (March 2014)
Self-published re-release
The first eight books of the re-release were self-published 22 June 2017 by Fragile Books publishing company. The books are available as physical copies and also on Amazon. The ninth volume "Monsters of the Deep" was published 19 October 2017. The tenth volume "The Stone Within" was published 20 September 2018.
Son of Heaven (published 22 June 2017)
Daylight on Iron Mountain (published 22 June 2017)
The Middle Kingdom (published 22 June 2017)
Ice and Fire (published 22 June 2017)
The Art of War (published 22 June 2017)
An Inch of Ashes (published 22 June 2017)
The Broken Wheel (published 22 June 2017)
The White Mountain (published 22 June 2017)
Monsters of the Deep (published 19 October 2017)
The Stone Within (published 20 September 2018)
Upon a Wheel of Fire
Beneath the Tree of Heaven
Song of the Bronze Statue
White Moon Red Dragon
China on the Rhine
Days of Bitter Strength
The Father of Lies
Blood and Iron
King of Infinite Space
The Marriage of the Living Dark
Reception
Reviews of the original eight-book series praised its scope and detailed worldbuilding, comparing it to Frank Herbert's Dune series, James Clavell's Shōgun and Isaac Asimov's Foundation series. The Washington Post declared the series was "one of the masterpieces of the decade." However, in 1990, The New York Times felt that Wingrove's vision of a Chinese-dominated future was unlikely and "ungrounded in historical process." One reviewer felt the final volume was so "nigh-incomprehensible" that it warranted a review of "a fake concluding novel."
References
External links
Category:Science fiction novel series
Category:Novel series
Category:Dystopian novels | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Gene W. Glenn
Gene W. Glenn (born November 13, 1928) was an American politician in the state of Iowa.
Glenn was born in Wapello County, Iowa. He attended Iowa State University and George Washington University and is a lawyer. He served in the Iowa State Senate from 1967 to 1979, and House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967, as a Democrat.
References
Category:1928 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Wapello County, Iowa
Category:Iowa State University alumni
Category:George Washington University Law School alumni
Category:Iowa Democrats
Category:Iowa state senators
Category:Members of the Iowa House of Representatives | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Martinez, California
Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census. The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops. Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area, directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo, California.
History
In 1824 the Alhambra Valley was included in the Rancho El Pinole Mexican land grant to Ygnacio Martínez. In 1847, Dr. Robert Semple contracted to provide ferry service from Martinez to Benicia, which for many years was the only crossing on the Carquinez Strait. By 1849, Martínez served as a way station for the California Gold Rush. The town was laid out in 1849 by Col. William M. Smith and named for Martinez. It became the county seat in 1850, but could not incorporate at the time because it lacked the 200 registered voters required, and only became a city in 1876.
Martinez was the home of naturalist John Muir from 1880 until his death in 1914. He was buried about a mile south of the building that is now the John Muir National Historic Site. Also nearby is the Vicente Martinez Adobe, built in 1849 by the son of Ygnacio Martinez.
The first post office opened in 1851.
In 1860, Martinez played a role in the Pony Express, where riders would take the ferry from Benicia (particularly if they missed the steamer in Sacramento).
The first oil refinery in the Martinez area was built in 1904 at Bull's Head Point, a then-unincorporated waterfront area two miles east of the downtown district. That area soon became known as Mococo, following the 1905 arrival of a smelting works, operated by the Mountain Copper Company (Mo Co Co).
That first facility, operated by the Bull's Head Oil Company, was followed in 1908 by a test refinery built by the Pacific Coast Oil Company. Shortly thereafter, Pacific Coast became part of Standard Oil (now Chevron), and consolidated their oil refining operations in the Point Richmond, Hercules, Rodeo waterfront corridor some twelve miles to the west of Martinez.
In 1913, the Golden Eagle facility became the third oil refinery to be built in the area. It was located in the newly-created company town of Avon, immediately to the East of Martinez. A fourth refinery, built by the Shell Oil Company on land adjacent to the Martinez City limits, went online in January 1916. The Golden Eagle Refinery (currently owned by Andeavor) and the Shell Oil refining facility are still operational today, maintaining the position of Martinez as a significant petroleum processing center.
Folk etymology in Martinez claims the invention of the Martini cocktail and that it is named for the city.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (7.64 percent) is water.
Although the common perception of Martinez is that of a refinery town, given the view from Highway 680 across the Shell refinery from the Benicia–Martinez Bridge, the city is in fact largely surrounded by water and regional open space preserves. The Martinez–Benicia Bridge carries Highway 680 across the eastern end of the Carquinez Strait to Solano County. The city can be defined as a more densely built downtown valley threaded by Alhambra Creek and north of Highway 4. Suburban areas stretch south of Highway 4 to join the neighboring city of Pleasant Hill. Unincorporated areas include the rural Alhambra Valley and the Franklin Canyon area.
The Martinez Regional Shoreline bounds the city to the north along the Carquinez Strait. Carquinez Strait Regional Shoreline includes the Franklin Hills west of downtown, stretching west to the unincorporated community of Port Costa and the town of Crockett. Briones Regional Park borders the Alhambra Valley to the south. Waterbird Regional Preserve and the McNabney Marsh border the city and Highway 680 to the east. Martinez's location at the east end of the Carquinez Strait as it widens to Suisun Bay includes dramatic water views stretching to the Sierra range. From surrounding ridge tops views stretch to nearby Mount Diablo, Mount Saint Helena, Mount Tamalpais, and others.
Martinez is one of the only two places in the Bay Area, the other being Golden Gate Bridge, where the Bay Area Ridge Trail and the San Francisco Bay Trail converge. The Bay Trail is a planned recreational corridor that, when complete, will encircle San Francisco and San Pablo bays with a continuous network of bicycling and hiking trails. It will connect the shoreline of all nine Bay Area counties, link 47 cities, and cross the major toll bridges in the region, including the Benicia–Martinez Bridge. To date, approximately of the alignment—over half the Bay Trail's ultimate length—have been completed. The Bay Area Ridge Trail ultimately will be a 500+ mile trail encircling the San Francisco Bay along the ridge tops, open to hikers, equestrians, mountain bicyclists, and outdoor enthusiasts of all types. So far, over of trail have been dedicated for use. East Bay Regional Park District's Iron Horse Regional Trail will join the Bay Trail along the waterfront, and the Contra Costa Canal Trail threads through the city from Pleasant Hill to the south.
Climate
Martinez has a mild mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa/b). Summers are warm and dry, with some morning fog during sea breezes. The maritime influence is much less significant than in other parts of the Bay Area that are closer to the Pacific, which causes very high daytime averages compared to San Francisco and Oakland in summer. However, nights normally cool off significantly which results in daytime highs of around and night time lows of during July and August. Winters are wet and cool with occasional frost. The majority of the city is within a USDA hardiness zone of 9b.
Demographics
2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Martinez had a population of 35,824. The population density was 2,727.4 people per square mile (1,053.1/km²). The racial makeup of Martinez was 27,603 (77.1%) White, 1,303 (3.6%) African American, 255 (0.7%) Native American, 2,876 (8.0%) Asian, 121 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 1,425 (4.0%) from other races, and 2,241 (6.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,258 persons (14.7 percent).
The Census reported that 34,528 people (96.4 percent of the population) lived in households, 235 (0.7 percent) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1,061 (3.0 percent) were institutionalized.
There were 14,287 households, out of which 4,273 (29.9 percent) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 6,782 (47.5 percent) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,751 (12.3 percent) had a female householder with no husband present, 640 (4.5 percent) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 928 (6.5 percent) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 137 (1.0 percent) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 3,920 households (27.4 percent) were made up of individuals and 1,078 (7.5 percent) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42. There were 9,173 families (64.2 percent of all households); the average family size was 2.95.
The age distribution of the population showed 7,329 people (20.5 percent) under the age of 18, 2,842 people (7.9 percent) aged 18 to 24, 9,193 people (25.7 percent) aged 25 to 44, 12,121 people (33.8 percent) aged 45 to 64, and 4,339 people (12.1 percent) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.
There were 14,976 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km²), of which 14,287 were occupied, of which 9,619 (67.3 percent) were owner-occupied, and 4,668 (32.7 percent) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4 percent; the rental vacancy rate was 4.9 percent. 23,876 people (66.6 percent of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10,652 people (29.7 percent) lived in rental housing units.
2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 35,866 people, 14,300 households, and 9,209 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,927.6 people per square mile (1,130.4/km²). There were 14,597 housing units at an average density of 1,191.5/sq mi (460.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.03 percent White, 3.35 percent Black or African American, 0.74 percent Native American, 6.63 percent Asian, 0.23 percent Pacific Islander, 3.29 percent from other races, and 4.72 percent from two or more races. 10.20 percent of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 11.7 percent claimed to be of German, 10.8 percent Irish, 10.2 percent Italian, 9.4 percent English and 5.4 percent American ancestry.
There were 14,300 households out of which 30.0 percent had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4 percent were married couples living together, 11.0 percent had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6 percent were non-families. 27.4 percent of all households were made up of individuals and 6.9 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city, the age distribution of the population showed 22.7 percent under the age of 18, 7.3 percent from 18 to 24, 32.6 percent from 25 to 44, 27.3 percent from 45 to 64, and 10.1 percent who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $63,010, and the median income for a family was $77,411 (these figures had risen to $73,668 and $92,486 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $52,135 versus $40,714 for females. The per capita income for the city was $29,701. About 3.2 percent of families and 5.2 percent of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9 percent of those under age 18 and 4.8 percent of those age 65 or over.
The languages spoken were 88 percent English, 6 percent Spanish, 2 percent Tagalog, 1 percent German, 1 percent Chinese, 0.5 percent Italian, 0.5 percent Persian, 0.3 percent Korean, 0.3 percent Portuguese, 0.3 percent Russian, 0.3 percent Arabic, 0.2 percent Dutch, 0.2 percent Polish, 0.2 percent French, 0.2 percent Punjabi, 0.2 percent Vietnamese, 0.1 percent Japanese, 0.1 percent Tamil, 0.1 percent Cantonese. Of the 4,176 people who did not use English as their primary language 3,663 (87.7 percent) spoke it well or very well while 513 (12.3 percent) spoke it "not well" or "not at all"
Economy
Top employers
According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:
Politics
In 2017, Martinez had 24,134 registered voters with 11,897 (49.3%) registered as Democrats, 5,497 (22.8%) registered as Republicans, and 5,394 (22.4%) decline to state voters.
Sister cities
According to Sister Cities International, Martinez is paired with:
Dunbar, Scotland, United Kingdom
Hanchuan, China
Milazzo and Stresa, Italy
Transportation
Rail
Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, runs its California Zephyr daily in each direction through Martinez on its route between Emeryville (across the bay from San Francisco) and Chicago, also passing through Sacramento, Reno, Salt Lake City, Denver, and Omaha.
Amtrak's Coast Starlight operates daily in each direction through Martinez between Seattle and Los Angeles.
Amtrak California operates its Capitol Corridor trains through Martinez station, providing service several times daily between San Jose to the west and Auburn to the east (via Sacramento).
Amtrak California also runs its San Joaquin trains through Martinez, providing service several times daily between Oakland to the west and Bakersfield at the south end of the San Joaquin Valley. Bus connections branch off both the San Joaquin and the Capitol Corridor, providing service as far as San Diego; Las Vegas and Sparks, Nevada; and Medford, Oregon. One connection originates in Martinez and runs as far north as the Eureka area.
BART makes a stop called North Concord/Martinez station, although this station lies miles east of the Martinez city limits. The city was overlooked when the system was extended from Concord to Bay Point. However BART's long term plans include a new line extension running from Fremont and through the I-680 corridor and ending in Martinez.
The -long, high steel "Muir Trestle" (aka "Alhambra Trestle") carries the freight operations of the BNSF Railway through Martinez parallel to California State Route 4 (John Muir Parkway).
Bus
WestCAT provides service to the El Cerrito del Norte BART station.
The County Connection is the primary local bus operator providing service throughout the area. Among its destinations are the Concord, Pleasant Hill, and Walnut Creek BART stations. The County Connection also provides paratransit service.
Tri Delta Transit runs express service between Martinez and eastern Contra Costa County.
Major highways
State Route 4 runs through Martinez westward to Hercules and eastward through Stockton and the Sierra Nevada to near the border of Nevada.
Interstate 680 runs northward across the Benicia–Martinez Bridge toward Sacramento via Interstate 80 and southward toward San Jose.
Media
The Martinez News-Gazette, "one of the longest-running papers in California, if not the longest" according to the San Francisco Chronicle, plans to cease publication after more than 160 years, having begun in 1853 as a bimonthly and as a newspaper in 1858.
The city of Martinez is served by the Martinez Tribune and the East Bay Times.
Martinez is also served by Martinez Patch, a local news website covering community news and events, and the local news and talk blog Claycord.com.
Education
Covering most of Martinez, the Martinez Unified School District encompasses four elementary schools, one middle school, one high school, and two alternative/independent study schools. Students in K-5 attend John Swett, John Muir, Las Juntas, or Morello Park Elementary School. Martinez Junior High School serves students in grades 6 through 8. St. Catherine of Siena is a private Catholic school that serves grades K-8. Alhambra High School serves as the district's comprehensive high school. As of 2006, the district's K-12 enrollment was 4,194. Part of Martinez is served by the Mount Diablo Unified School District, whose Hidden Valley Elementary School is located in Martinez. St. Catherine of Siena School (Martinez, California), a private Roman Catholic elementary, also serves the Martinez community.
Public libraries
The Martinez Library is part of the Contra Costa County Library and is located in Martinez. The Art Deco style building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in early 2008.
Notable people
Maurice Benard, actor, known for playing Sonny Corinthos on General Hospital
Yau-Man Chan, reality television star: Survivor Fiji
Trevor Davis, wide receiver for the Green Bay Packers
Sara Del Rey, professional wrestler
Joe DiMaggio, Hall of Fame baseball player for New York Yankees, was born in Martinez in 1914
Vince DiMaggio, All-Star baseball outfielder, older brother of Joe DiMaggio
Ainjel Emme, musician
Robb Flynn, Machine Head frontman
Mark Kozelek, musician performing under the name Sun Kil Moon lives in the area and references it in many of his songs
Ella Leffland, born Martinez 1931, author, The Knight, Death and The Devil (National Book Award winner), Rumors of Peace based on living in Martinez (called Mendoza) in World War II
Tug McGraw, Major League Baseball pitcher, father of singer Tim McGraw
John Muir, naturalist
Richard Rodgers, tight end for the Green Bay Packers
Sabato "Simon" Rodia, creator of giant folk art Watts Towers in Los Angeles, spent the last ten years of his life in Martinez
Victor Salva, film director
J. Otto Seibold, children's book creator, including Olive, the Other Reindeer
Robert Stephenson, professional baseball player
Norv Turner, NFL head coach, and brother Ron, assistant coach for Chicago Bears, grew up in Martinez
Jeff Van Gundy, NBA coach and TV commentator, and brother Stan Van Gundy, coach of Detroit Pistons, were raised in Martinez
Travis Williams, kick returner for the Green Bay Packers
See also
Martinez beavers
References
External links
Martinez Area Chamber of Commerce
Main Street Martinez
Martinez, California Scenes, 1927. Silent amateur film of daily life
Category:1876 establishments in California
Category:Carquinez Strait
Category:Cities in Contra Costa County, California
Category:Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Category:County seats in California
Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California
Category:Pony Express stations
Category:Populated places established in 1849
Category:Populated places established in 1876
Category:Populated coastal places in California | {
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Karen Marsden
Karen Elizabeth Marsden (born 28 November 1962 in Perth) is a former Australian field hockey goalkeeper, who was a member of the Olympic gold medal winning team of the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Marsden was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 1997 Australia Day Honours and the Australian Sports Medal in 2000.
References
Australian Olympic Committee
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australian female field hockey players
Category:Female field hockey goalkeepers
Category:Olympic field hockey players of Australia
Category:Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Category:Field hockey players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:People from Perth, Western Australia
Category:Field hockey people from Western Australia
Category:Olympic gold medalists for Australia
Category:Olympic medalists in field hockey
Category:Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Category:Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Category:Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal | {
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Nanban-ji
Nanban-ji (南蛮寺, also pronounced Nanbandera) is a name applied to spaces or structures used by Christian missionaries and Japanese Christian converts in the early History of the Catholic Church in Japan.
Whether converted from existing temples or built for purpose as churches and centers for Christian education, buildings known as Nanban-ji (temple of/for the southern barbarians) were present in Kyōto, Nagasaki, Hirado, Azuchi, Osaka, Kanazawa, Sunpu, and Edō. Using the term Deus for God, the temples were also called Daiusu-ji だいうす寺 and Daiusu-dō だいうす堂.
Structures known as Nanban-ji were destroyed from Toyotomi Hideyoshi's 1588 edict against Christians in Japan, with some fragments of construction remaining and eventually being deposited in museum. There are also depictions in contemporary art, and in the narratives of missionaries such as Luís Fróis.
See also
Christianity in Japan
Nanban art, Japanese art of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries influenced by contact with the Nanban
Nanban trade, trade between Japan and Western countries from 1543 to 1614
Category:History of Christianity in Japan
Category:History of Catholicism in Asia
Category:Catholic Church in Japan
ja:南蛮寺
de:Namban-ji | {
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Saint John School (Ashtabula, Ohio)
Saint John School is a private, Catholic K-12 school in Ashtabula, Ohio. Saint John previously was the local Catholic high school in Ashtabula County, but as part of restructuring and growth in mission, now includes all elementary and high school grades. It is a part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown. The school was initially known as Saint John High School, changed its name to Saints John and Paul High School, and has since reverted to its original name.
Accreditation and curriculum
The school is a K-12 Youngstown Diocesan school accredited by the State of Ohio, through the Ohio Catholic Schools Accreditation Association. All teachers hold a current state license. While Roman Catholic in belief, all faiths and denominations are welcome. According to the school website, on the Ohio Graduation Test (OGT), taken by all schools in Ohio, the Saints John and Paul Class of 2011 ranked among the top 10% in the state of Ohio. St. John's consistently has the highest OGT scores in Ashtabula County. Saint John School is a member of the National Catholic Education Association (NCEA) and the Sisters of Notre Dame Educational Association.
The curriculum includes advanced academic opportunities available through Ohio’s Post-Secondary Options Program at Kent State University, Ashtabula and Lakeland Community College. Advanced Placement (AP) high school classes are offered in English, Social Studies and Spanish.
In addition to its K-12 programs, Saint John also offers a Pre-Kindergarten program for 4-5 year olds. This 4-day program emphasizes support for student growth in a small group setting, and provides opportunities for parents and grandparents to volunteer monthly with class.
Saint John has undergone a building and expansion program and has added a gymnasium, dining hall, and football field to its premises. In addition, school enrollment has increased from 324 students in 2011 to 413 students in 2016.
More detailed information can be found at http://sjheralds.org while an exhaustive school profile can be found at http://filecabinet5.eschoolview.com/F5B7F129-C26D-4D03-AF3C-371773C5B72F/SJS%20Profile%202015-16.pdf
Athletics
Athletic programs available at the junior high and high school include Football, Soccer, Volleyball, Golf, Cross Country, Basketball, Baseball, Softball, Tennis, Track and Cheerleading. Intramural Flag Football and Intramural Basketball are offered at the elementary level. A learning disability and a speech therapist are on staff to serve students in grades K-12. Title One services also include a remedial and gifted tutor.
Ohio High School Athletic Association state championships
Boys' Baseball - 1983
Tests of student proficiency and achievement
Saint John has a tradition of scholastic achievement. Recent test scores are listed below.
2011 Proficiency Scores
Graduating Class of 2011 Test Performance
Saint John Class of 2013 achieved a high performance on the 8th grade Ohio Off-Grade Proficiency Tests
State of Ohio Graduation Test (OGT) Scores
(As of March, 2015 testing)
Class of 2016
Notable alumni
Ohio State University head football coach Urban Meyer and former New York Islanders owner John Spano are alumni of Saint John.
Notes and references
External links
-- Saint John School Website -- see sjheralds dot org
-- Support Catholic Education
- Annual St. Patrick's Day Reverse Raffle
Category:Ashtabula, Ohio
Category:Catholic secondary schools in Ohio
Category:High schools in Ashtabula County, Ohio
Category:Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown | {
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2006 Dutch National Track Championships – Women's 500 m time trial
The women's 500 m track time trial at the 2006 Dutch National Track Championships in Alkmaar took place at Sportpaleis Alkmaar on December 28, 2006. Seven athletes participated in the contest
Willy Kanis won the gold medal, Lianne Wagtho took silver and Sigrid Jochems won the bronze.
Competition format
Because of the number of entries, there was not a qualification round for this discipline. Consequently, the event was run direct to the final.
Final results
References
Category:2006 Dutch National track cycling championships
Category:Dutch National Track Championships – Women's 500 m time trial
Dutch | {
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Bayankhangai
Bayankhangai (, Rich; , khangai, provident lord, munificent king, generous gracious lord or bountiful king) is a sum of Töv Province in Mongolia.
Category:Districts of Töv Province | {
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Greenwoodochromis christyi
Greenwoodochromis christyi is a species of fish in the family Cichlidae. It is endemic to the deeper water of southern Lake Tanganyika. The specific name of this fish honours the explorer and naturalist Cuthbert Christy (1863-1932).
References
christyi
Category:Cichlid fish of Africa
Category:Fish of Lake Tanganyika
Category:Fish of Zambia
Category:Endemic fauna of Zambia
Category:Fish described in 1953
Category:Taxa named by Ethelwynn Trewavas
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Joe Thurston
Joseph William Thurston (born September 29, 1979) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and second baseman. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Cardinals, and Florida Marlins in Major League Baseball (MLB). He is currently on the coaching staff of the minor league Class A (Advanced) California League Modesto Nuts.
Professional career
Thurston graduated from Vallejo high school in Vallejo, California. He was originally selected in by the Boston Red Sox in the 45th round (1,332nd overall) of the Major League Baseball draft, but did not sign with them and instead went to Sacramento City College, for which he delivered the game-winning hit to lead the Panthers to the 1999 state championship. He was drafted again in , this time by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 4th round (134th) of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft.
Los Angeles Dodgers
In , Thurston was ranked the 9th-best prospect in the Dodgers' system after posting a .338 OBP in AA Jacksonville, and by few prospects appeared to have a brighter future than the 22-year-old second baseman. Playing for the Las Vegas 51s of the AAA Pacific Coast League, Thurston hit .334 with an .878 OPS and 22 stolen bases in 2002, earning him the L.A. Dodgers' Minor League Player of the Year Award and Baseball America's AAA Player of the Year honors. Thurston made his major-league debut on September 2, for the Los Angeles Dodgers, hitting .462 in 8 games.
But 2002 would ultimately be the peak of Thurston's minor-league career. Returning to AAA in , his OPS fell to .746, and it slipped further (to .721) in . He was again a late-season call-up in and , but he hit just .185 in the two seasons combined. The expectation that he would be a future star had evaporated. On July 29, , the Dodgers shipped Thurston to the New York Yankees as part of a conditional deal. He played for their Triple-A team, the Columbus Clippers and was granted free agency after the season.
Philadelphia Phillies
He signed a minor-league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on January 11, . He was assigned to Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre to begin the season and his contract purchased on August 22, 2006. He would stay with the Phillies for the rest of the season and played in 18 games going 4-18 (.222 batting average). He was released after the season. On November 6, he signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals that included an invitation to spring training. He did not make the major league club and was released.
He was then once again picked up by the Philadelphia Phillies and was assigned to their Double-A team, the Reading Phillies. He played four games for the Reading Phillies before earning a callup to Triple-A Ottawa. He had his contract purchased by the big league club on July 27, , after second baseman Chase Utley was placed on the disabled list. He was demoted the next day after the acquisition of Tadahito Iguchi. Thurston spent the rest of the 2007 season with Ottawa. He became a free agent after the season.
Boston Red Sox
On December 13, Thurston signed with the Boston Red Sox to a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training. On March 19, he was assigned to the minor league camp. On April 16, he was brought up to the Red Sox from Pawtucket to replace the injured Alex Cora.
St. Louis Cardinals
On April 22, 2008, Thurston was designated for assignment and subsequently played in the Puerto Rican winter league in 2008 on a team managed by Eduardo Pérez. Pérez was impressed with Thurston's versatility and thought his style of play would be a good fit with manager Tony La Russa of the St. Louis Cardinals. Perez recommended Thurston to LaRussa, and on December 16, 2008 he signed a minor league deal with the St. Louis Cardinals. He made his debut with the Cardinals on April 6, as a pinch runner. He also played third base and scored a run.
Thurston earned his first significant major league playing time as a utility player with the 2009 Cardinals. He frequently played third base before the Cardinals acquired Mark DeRosa, and also appeared at second base, in left field, and as a pinch hitter. In November 2009, Thurston was granted free agency.
Atlanta Braves
On December 18, 2009, Thurston signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. He also received an invite to spring training.
Florida Marlins
Thurston enjoyed a terrific season with Class AAA New Orleans Zephyrs in 2011. He led the team in almost every offensive category at the time of his promotion to the Marlins on August 5. He became a free agent at season's end.
Houston Astros
The Houston Astros signed him to a minor league contract on November 13, 2011. He also received an invitation to spring training. He was released by the Astros on March 28, 2012.
Second Stint With Philadelphia
Just an hour later, however, he was signed to a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies. He was released by the Phillies on April 23 after just 11 games with the Lehigh Valley IronPigs.
York Revolution
Thurston played 54 games with the York Revolution of the independent Atlantic League in 2012.
Minnesota Twins
He then signed with the Minnesota Twins on April 25 and was assigned to the Rochester Red Wings. On May 14, 2012, Thurston was released by the Minnesota Twins.
Lancaster Barnstormers
In 2013, Thurston played 21 games with the Lancaster Barnstormers, another Atlantic League team.
Yucatán Lions
On March 6, 2013, Thurston signed with the Leones de Yucatán (Yucatán Lions) in the Mexican Baseball League. Thurston apparently signed with the team for one year. Thurston is to make his debut pending a traveling visa.
Venezuela League
Thurston also played for the Bravos de Margarita, Cardenales de Lara and Pastora de los Llanos clubs of the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League.
Milwaukee Brewers
Thurston signed a minor league deal with the Milwaukee Brewers on January 25, 2014, and was released on March 27.
Boston Red Sox
On March 6, 2015, Thurston signed a minor league contract with the Boston Red Sox.
Personal
Thurston's first child was born in 2009.
Awards and recognition
2000 – Los Angeles Dodgers Minor League Player of the Year, California League All-Star SS
2002 – Baseball America 2nd team Minor League All-Star 2B, Triple-A All-Star 2B, Los Angeles Dodgers Minor League Player of the Year, Pacific League All-Star 2B, AAA Player of the Year
2005 – Pacific Coast League All-Star 2B
2006 – International League All-Star 2B
2011 – IBAF Baseball World Cup All-Star 2B
References
External links
Joe Thurston at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
Category:1979 births
Category:Living people
Category:African-American baseball players
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Category:Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Category:Baseball coaches from California
Category:Baseball players from California
Category:Boston Red Sox players
Category:Bravos de Margarita players
Category:Cardenales de Lara players
Category:Caribbean Series players
Category:Columbus Clippers players
Category:Florida Marlins players
Category:Guerreros de Oaxaca players
Category:Gwinnett Braves players
Category:Jacksonville Suns players
Category:Lancaster Barnstormers players
Category:Las Vegas 51s players
Category:Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Category:Leones de Ponce players
Category:Leones de Yucatán players
Category:Los Angeles Dodgers players
Category:Major League Baseball second basemen
Category:Mexican League baseball center fielders
Category:Mexican League baseball left fielders
Category:Mexican League baseball second basemen
Category:Mexican League baseball shortstops
Category:Mexican League baseball third basemen
Category:Minor league baseball coaches
Category:New Orleans Zephyrs players
Category:Ottawa Lynx players
Category:Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Category:Pastora de los Llanos players
Category:Pawtucket Red Sox players
Category:People from Fairfield, California
Category:Philadelphia Phillies players
Category:Piratas de Campeche players
Category:Reading Phillies players
Category:Rochester Red Wings players
Category:St. Louis Cardinals players
Category:Sacramento City Panthers baseball players
Category:San Bernardino Stampede players
Category:Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players
Category:Sportspeople from Vallejo, California
Category:Yaquis de Obregón players
Category:Yakima Bears players
Category:York Revolution players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Chavarzaq Rural District
Chavarzaq Rural District () is a rural district (dehestan) in Chavarzaq District, Tarom County, Zanjan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,616, in 2,283 families. The rural district has 26 villages.
References
Category:Rural Districts of Zanjan Province
Category:Tarom County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Cabrera de Mar
Cabrera de Mar () is a municipality of the comarca of Maresme in
Catalonia, Spain.
It is located next to the Català mediterranean coast, between the municipalities of Vilassar de Mar and Mataró, although the urban centre is at about inland, in a small valley between the hills of Burriac (where the remains of the Sant Vicenç de Burriac castle are located) and Montcabrer. Apart from the two mentioned, Cabrera de Mar also borders with the municipalities of Cabrils and Argentona.
Population in Cabrera de Mar is quite scattered in several nucleus of different origins. The casc antic (main centre), Agell (also known as Santa Elena d'Agell), Sant Joan de Munt and Mas Terrillo are located inland, whereas Pla de l'Avellà, Costamar and Bonamar are located next to the coast.
The town centre has buildings in a wide range of styles: neoclassical, modernista, noucentista
and simply eclectic.
Like almost all municipalities of Maresme, Cabrera de Mar has been historically very well connected with the rest of the comarca and with Barcelona thanks to old Camí Ral (Royal Way) (actual N-II main road) and railroad (Barcelona-Mataró railroad route (1848) was the first to be constructed in all the Iberian Peninsula). Communications have been enhanced in recent years with the construction (1969) of the C-32's Barcelona-Mataró section, also the first autopista (highway) to be constructed in all the Iberian Peninsula.
References
Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). Guia de Catalunya, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. (Spanish). (Català).
External links
Official website
Government data pages
Patrimoni històric i artístic de Cabrera de Mar
Category:Municipalities in Maresme
Category:Populated places in Maresme | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Miko (name)
Miko is a given name found in several cultures. It can be a Japanese female name. It can be an eastern European name, with origins in Slovakia, sometimes short for Mikolaj. Miko can also be a variant of the name Michael, which has Hebrew origins.
The name Miko may refer to:
Miko Ardianto (born 1991), Indonesian football player
Miko Doyle (1911–1980), Irish sportsman
Miko Golubovic (born 1982), Montenegrin basketball player
Miko Hughes (born 1986), American actor
Miko Lim (born 1980), American photographer
Miko Mission (born 1945), Italian musician
Miko Mälberg (born 1985), Estonian swimmer
Miko Peled (born 1961), Israeli political activist
Miko Rwayitare (1942–2007), Rwandan businessman
Miko Sotto (1982–2003), Filipino actor
Miko Tavares (born 1981), Cape Verdean football player
Miko Tripalo (1926–1995), Croatian politician
Miko Weaver (born 1957), American guitarist
See also
Mika
Mikko
Miko (disambiguation)
Mito (name)
Category:Given names | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Severin Cornet
Severin Cornet ( – March 1582) was a Franco-Flemish singer, conductor and composer. He was born about 1530 in Valenciennes and studied music in Naples. After completing his education, he served for a while at Mechlin, took a position as singer in Antwerp, and later a position as music director for the Archduke in Innsbruck where he worked from 1572 until 1581. He composed a number of vocal works, including polyphonic madrigals and French chansons in the Italian style, and published a book of villaneche in Antwerp in 1563 with Genoese sponsorship. Cornet died in Antwerp.
References
External links
Parmi di star by Severin Cornet, The King's Singers, from YouTube
Category:1530s births
Category:1582 deaths
Category:Dutch male classical composers
Category:Dutch classical composers
Category:Renaissance composers
Category:Year of birth uncertain
Category:People from Valenciennes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Powers of the police in the United Kingdom
The powers of the police differ between the three legal systems of the United Kingdom.
Powers of the police in England and Wales
Powers of the police in Scotland
Powers of the police in Northern Ireland
Police child protection powers in the United Kingdom | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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That Night in London
That Night in London is a 1932 British crime film directed by Rowland V. Lee, produced by Alexander Korda, and written by Dorothy Greenhill and Arthur Wimperis. It stars Robert Donat, Pearl Argyle, Miles Mander and Roy Emerton. It was released in the United States under the alternative title of Over Night.
Premise
A young bank clerk steals £500 and plans to go on a spree before shooting himself but a bad girl turned good tries to convince him to return the money and stay alive.
Cast
Robert Donat as Dick Warren
Pearl Argyle as Eve Desborough
Miles Mander as Harry Tresham
Roy Emerton as Captain Paulson
Graham Soutten as Bert
Laurence Hanray as Ribbles
Eugene Leahy as Bank Manager
James Knight as Inspector Brody
James Bucton as Inspector Ryan
References
External links
Category:1932 films
Category:British films
Category:1930s crime films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films produced by Alexander Korda
Category:British black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Rowland V. Lee
Category:British crime films
Category:Films set in London
Category:Paramount Pictures films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bird Saddle
Bird Saddle () is one of three prominent snow saddles on Ross Island, this one at about between Mount Bird and Mount Erebus. It was named in association with Mount Bird, which rises to to the north of this saddle.
References
Category:Mountain passes of the Ross Dependency
Category:Landforms of Ross Island | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Innocent Mage
The Innocent Mage is the first book in the Kingmaker, Kingbreaker fantasy series written by Australian author Karen Miller.
Plot introduction
Asher of Restharven wishes to own his own boat so that he may get away from his six brothers and spend time with his father. He goes seeking fortune in Dorana and ends up in service of the young Prince Gar. Unknown to the both of them a secret organization called the Circle is watching Asher for he is the one foretold in the prophecy to save the kingdom.
Plot summary
The Doranen have ruled Lur with magic after fleeing the evil Morg who took over their homeland. For an Olken (Lur's original inhabitants) it is unlawful to use magic. Any Olken who breaks the law will be executed.
Asher has come to Lur‘s capital city to make his fortune. He begins as a worker in the stables of the Royal Palace but is soon made an assistant to the magicless Prince Gar, who is the mediator between the Olken and the Doranen. Soon, he hopes to gain enough money to buy a boat and fish with his father for the rest of his life.
But unrest starts to show among the Olken. It has been prophesied that the Innocent Mage will be born, and the Circle is dedicated to preserving the magic of the Olken until the saviour arrives. The Circle have been watching Asher, and as the city streets are filled with Olken rioters, his life takes a bitter turn.
Characters
Asher – The series protagonist. He is a fisherman's son from an outlying village, destined to be something more.
Dathne – Youngest member of the Circle. She is gifted with visions and seeks the coming of the 'Innocent Mage'
Matt – Asher's best friend and master of the palace stables.
Veira – The unseen leader of The Circle. She guides Dathne and comforts her from the place she stays hidden for protection. She is the only one who knows who all the members of the circle are.
King Borne – King of Lur, The WeatherWorker who controls the Kingdom's weather.
Queen Dana – Queen of Lur, wife of King Borne.
Princess Fane – Second child of the royal family, born to correct the mistake of her older brother's magicless birth. Gifted with incredible power and cursed with a short temper and a rude attitude, she is the WeatherWorker-in-waiting.
Prince Gar – Otherwise known as 'Prince Gar the Magickless', he was born without the ability to perform even the simplest spell. Considered a black mark on his family's name and is very sensitive to the fact that his own race hate him for his lack of magic.
Durm – Master Magician-Best friend of the King and instructor of Princess Fane
Darran – Personal secretary of Prince Gar
Willer – Darran's assistant
Conroyd Jarralt Head of a very important family in Lur. Power hungry, enemy of the King
Barlsman Holze – High Priest of Barl
Matcher – Royal Carriage Driver
External links
Karen Miller's official website
The Australian publisher's website
The American publisher's website
Category:2005 Australian novels
Category:Novels by Karen Miller
Category:Fantasy novels
Category:HarperCollins books | {
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Joao Ponces de Carvalho
João de Deus Ramos Ponces de Carvalho (born 17 March 1957 in Lisbon) is a Portuguese film director.
His great-grandfather was the poet João de Deus.
He went to the University of Lisbon, obtaining a License in History, specialty, Art History.
He started taking still pictures when he was 10, and became a publicity photographer by 17. His first documentary film was made at 22, being one of the first TV programs to represent Portugal in MIPCOM, Cannes, 1980.
References
Category:Portuguese film directors
Category:Living people
Category:1957 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Saon
Saon is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Calvados department
References
INSEE
Category:Communes of Calvados (department)
Category:Calvados communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Battlement
A battlement in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (i.e., a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences. These gaps are termed "crenels" (also known as carnels, or embrasures), and a wall or building with them is called crenellated; alternative (older) terms are castellated and embattled. The act of adding crenels to a previously unbroken parapet is termed crenellation.
The function of battlements in war is to protect the defenders by giving them something to hide behind, from which they can pop out to launch their own missiles. A defensive building might be designed and built with battlements, or a manor house might be fortified by adding battlements, where no parapet previously existed, or cutting crenellations into its existing parapet wall. A distinctive feature of late medieval English church architecture is to crenellate the tops of church towers, and often the tops of lower walls. These are essentially decorative rather than functional, as are many examples on secular buildings.
The solid widths between the crenels are called merlons. Battlements on walls have protected walkways (chemin de ronde) behind them. On tower or building tops, the (often flat) roof is used as the protected fighting platform.
Etymology
The term originated in about the 14th century from the Old French word , "to fortify with batailles" (fixed or movable turrets of defence). The word crenel derives from the ancient French cren (modern French cran), Latin crena, meaning a notch, mortice or other gap cut out often to receive another element or fixing; see also crenation. The modern French word for crenel is créneau, also used to describe a gap of any kind, for example a parking space at the side of the road between two cars, interval between groups of marching troops or a timeslot in a broadcast.
Licence to crenellate
In medieval England and Wales a licence to crenellate granted the holder permission to fortify their property. Such licences were granted by the king, and by the rulers of the counties palatine within their jurisdictions, e.g. by the Bishops of Durham and the Earls of Chester and after 1351 by the Dukes of Lancaster. The castles in England vastly outnumber the licences to crenellate. Royal pardons were obtainable, on the payment of an arbitrarily determined fine, by a person who had fortified without licence. The surviving records of such licences, generally issued by letters patent, provide valuable evidence for the dating of ancient buildings. A list of licences issued by the English Crown between the 12th and 16th centuries was compiled by Turner & Parker and expanded and corrected by Philip Davis and published in The Castle Studies Group Journal.
There has been academic debate over the purpose of licensing. The view of military-focused historians is that licensing restricted the number of fortifications that could be used against a royal army. The modern view, proposed notably by Charles Coulson, is that battlements became an architectural status-symbol much sought after by the socially ambitious, in Coulson's words: "Licences to crenellate were mainly symbolic representations of lordly status: castellation was the architectural expression of noble rank". They indicated to the observer that the grantee had obtained "royal recognition, acknowledgment and compliment". They could however provide a basic deterrent against wandering bands of thieves, and it is suggested that the function of battlements was comparable to the modern practice of householders fitting highly visible CC-TV and burglar alarms, often merely dummies. The crown usually did not charge for the granting of such licences, but occasionally charged a fee of about half a mark.
Machicolations
Battlements may be stepped out to overhang the wall below, and may have openings at their bases between the supporting corbels, through which stones or burning objects could be dropped onto attackers or besiegers; these are known as machicolations.
History
Battlements have been used for thousands of years; the earliest known example is in the fortress at Buhen in Egypt. Battlements were used in the walls surrounding Assyrian towns, as shown on bas reliefs from Nimrud and elsewhere. Traces of them remain at Mycenae in Greece, and some ancient Greek vases suggest the existence of battlements. The Great Wall of China has battlements.
Development
In the European battlements of the Middle Ages the crenel comprised one-third of the width of the merlon: the latter, in addition, could be provided with arrow-loops of various shapes (from simply round to cruciform), depending on the weapon being utilized. Late merlons permitted fire from the first firearms. From the 13th century, the merlons could be connected with wooden shutters that provided added protection when closed. The shutters were designed to be opened to allow shooters to fire against the attackers, and closed during reloading.
Ancient Rome
The Romans used low wooden pinnacles for their first aggeres (terrepleins). In the battlements of Pompeii, additional protection derived from small internal buttresses or spur walls, against which the defender might stand so as to gain complete protection on one side.
Italy
Loop-holes were frequent in Italian battlements, where the merlon has much greater height and a distinctive cap. Italian military architects used the so-called Ghibelline or swallowtail battlement, with V-shaped notches in the tops of the merlon, giving a horn-like effect. This would allow the defender to be protected whilst shooting standing fully upright. The normal rectangular merlons were later nicknamed Guelph .
Indian Subcontinent
Many South Asian battlements are made up of parapets with peculiarly shaped merlons and complicated systems of loopholes, which differ substantially from rest of the world. Typical Indian merlons were semicircular and pointed at the top, although they could sometimes be fake: the parapet may be solid and the merlons shown in relief on the outside, as is the case in Chittorgarh. Loopholes could be made both in the merlons themselves, and under the crenels. They could either look forward (to command distant approaches) or downward (to command the foot of the wall). Sometimes a merion was pierced with two or three loopholes, but typically, only one loophole was divided into two or three slits by horizontal or vertical partitions. The shape of loopholes, as well as the shape of merlons, need not have been the same everywhere in the castle, as shown by Kumbhalgarh.
Middle East and Africa
In Muslim and African fortifications, the merlons often were rounded. The battlements of the Arabs had a more decorative and varied character, and were continued from the 13th century onwards not so much for defensive purposes as for a crowning feature to the walls. They serve a function similar to the cresting found in the Spanish Renaissance architecture.
Ireland
"Irish" crenellations are a distinctive form that appeared in Ireland between the 14th and 17th centuries. These were battlements of a "stepped" form, with each merlon shaped like an inverted 'T'.
Decorative element
European architects persistently used battlements as a purely decorative feature throughout the Decorated and Perpendicular periods of Gothic architecture. They not only occur on parapets but on the transoms of windows and on the tie-beams of roofs and on screens, and even on Tudor chimney-pots. A further decorative treatment appears in the elaborate paneling of the merlons and that portion of the parapet walls rising above the cornice, by the introduction of quatrefoils and other conventional forms filled with foliage and shield.
See also
Merlon
Notes
Sources
Further reading
Coulson, Charles, 1979, "Structural Symbolism in Medieval Castle Architecture" Journal of the British Archaeological Association Vol. 132, pp 73–90
Coulson, Charles, 1994, "Freedom to Crenellate by Licence - An Historiographical Revision" Nottingham Medieval Studies Vol. 38, pp. 86–137
Coulson, Charles, 1995, "Battlements and the Bourgeoisie: Municipal Status and the Apparatus of Urban Defence" in Church, Stephen (ed), Medieval Knighthood Vol. 5(Boydell), pp. 119–95
Coulson, Charles, 2003, Castles in Medieval Society, Oxford University Press.
Coulson, Charles, Castles in the Medieval Polity - Crenellation, Privilege, and Defence in England, Ireland and Wales.
King, D. J. Cathcart, 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (Kraus)
External links
Category:Castle architecture
Category:Types of wall | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Thioescaline
Thioescaline (TE) is a pair of lesser-known psychedelic drugs with the chemical formula C12H19NO2S. They structural analogs of escaline in which an oxygen atom has been replaced with a sulfur atom. They were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book PiHKAL. Very little is known about their dangers or toxicity.
See also
Thiomescaline
TME (psychedelics)
Thiotrisescaline
References
Category:Psychedelic phenethylamines
Category:Thioethers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Common minnow
The Eurasian minnow, minnow, or common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) is a small species of freshwater fish in the carp
family Cyprinidae. It is the type species of genus Phoxinus. It is ubiquitous throughout much of Eurasia, from Britain and Spain to eastern Siberia, predominantly in cool (12–20 °C) streams and well-oxygenated lakes and ponds. It is noted for being a gregarious species, shoaling in large numbers.
Description
The common minnow is a small fish which reaches a maximum total length of 14 cm, but is normally around 7 cm in length. It has 3 spines and 6-8 soft rays in its dorsal fin with 3 spines and 6-8 soft rays in its anal fin. Its spine is made up of 38-40 vertebrae. It is distinguished from similar species which occur in Europe by having the lateral line normally extending beyond the nase of the anal fin, by a line of vertically elongated blotches along the lateral line each with a depth equivalent to 1/3-1/2 of the body's depth at same position, these blotches often fuse to form a midlateral stripe, caudal peduncle has a depth of 2.6-3.1 times its length. The scales on the breast are patchy and the patches of scales are separated by unscaled areas although they are rarely connected by 1-2 rows of scales. Its snout length is 29-34% of the head length and is 1.1-1.4 times the diameter of the eye. The anal fin has its origin in front of the base of the last dorsal ray. The caudal fin consists of 19 soft rays. The back is normally brownish-green, and is separated from the whitish-gray underside by the lateral stripe or blotches described above,
Distribution
The common minnow is found in northern Eurasia from Ireland in the west east to the Amur drainage and Korea. In Great Britain occurs to 58°N and in Scandinavia and Russia occur up to the northernmost extremities. In western Europe the southern limit appears to be the Garonne and the upper Rhone. It has been recorded in the drainages of the Volga and the Ural, as well as in Lake Balkhash and the upper Syr-Darya drainage. Records else where require confirmation as this species is similar to a number of others. In Scotland it is regarded as an introduced non native species, and this is probably the case in Ireland. Introductions are likely to have occurred elsewhere, including Norway.
Habitat
The common minnow is found in a wide variety of habitats that have cold, well oxygenated water, often in the same habitats as salmonids. These include small streams with fast currents, and, in the more northerly parts of its range, large lowland rivers. It also lives in still waters as varied as small mountain lakes to large, oligotrophic lakes. For spawning, it requires clean gravel areas in well oxygenated flowing water or where waves wash on lake shores. It also needs deep pools with low current to overwinter in, and these must have a coarse substrate among which the fish can hide.
Behavior
Shoaling
Shoaling and schooling behavior of common minnows occur early in their development, as soon as they become capable of swimming. Shoaling behavior then increases and becomes dominant by three to four weeks after its emergence. This behavior generally benefits individual minnows by improving predator avoidance and foraging. However, there are also costs of living in groups such as increased competition for food and risk of infection. Shoaling behavior is modified depending on the situation such as presence of predators or resource availability.
Predator avoidance
The group formation of common minnows can be explained by the selfish herd effect proposed by W.D. Hamilton. According to the selfish herd theory, a group forms as individuals try to reduce their domain of danger by approaching others and continuously moving toward the center of the group where the risk of predation is the lowest. As the theory predicts, common minnows increase their shoaling behavior in response to increased predation pressure.
Alarm substance
Common minnows can detect the predators’ presence and communicate with their shoalmates by a chemical signal that is detected by olfactory nerves. The chemical, named Schreckstoff after a German word meaning "fear substance" by Karl von Frisch who first described it, is contained in specialized skin cells called alarm substance cells and is released from an injured or killed minnow. The shoalmates can detect the chemical and respond to the increased risk of predation.
The production and release of this alarm substance are altruistic because the sender of the signal, who does not directly benefit from the signal released upon its injury, has to pay the cost for the production and release of the chemical. In fact, the alarm substance cells decrease in number when the common minnows are in poor physical condition due to scarce food, indicating that there is metabolic cost for producing and maintaining the specialized cells. The apparent altruistic behavior is not clearly understood, because the likely explanation of kin selection is not supported by the shoal structure of common minnows in which shoalmates are not necessarily closely related.
Shoaling adjustment in response to predation risk
When common minnows sense the alarm substance, they form tighter shoals as individuals move to be in the central position in their shoaling group. However, in an experiment where common minnows were habituated to the chemical by continuous exposure, common minnows did not react to the signal. Only the naïve common minnows reacted to the signal by relocating themselves to the central position in the group. In another experiment, researchers observed common minnows in semi-natural setting and found that common minnows’ shoaling behavior varies depending on the habitat's complexity. Minnows tend to respond to increased predation risk by forming larger shoals in structurally simple habitats and by reducing their rate of movement in complex habitats.
Predator inspection
When potential predators come near the shoal, some common minnows take the risk of approaching the predators in order to inspect the predator and assess the danger. Predator inspection behavior increases the risk of being attacked and eaten by the predator, but the behavior is beneficial to the inspectors as more alert minnows react more quickly to the attack of the predator. Common minnows are expected to recognize predators by their appearance. In an experiment, common minnows inspected a realistic-looking model of a pike, one of the major predators of minnows, and a simple cylinder model. Common minnows showed high level of alertness, such as low feeding rate and frequent skittering after their visit to the realistic model, but they became easily habituated to the simple model and resumed foraging even in proximity to the model.
In addition to identifying predators by their appearance, common minnows can respond to the predators’ motivation to attack. In an experiment, common minnows inspected a northern pike behind a clear partition at regular intervals until the pike tried to attack the minnows. Their responses differed depending on when their visit was made. Minnows that inspected the pike just before the pike attacked were more alarmed than those who inspected the pike long before the attack. The observation shows that common minnows can detect the predator's impending aggressiveness and motivation to attack.
Variations in anti-predator activities
Different populations of common minnows show varying degrees of anti-predatory activities. Common minnows from populations in high-predation areas usually show more intense predator inspection than those from low-predation areas. They tend to commence inspection sooner, form larger group of inspectors, inspect more frequently, and approach less to the predator.
Some components of anti-predator activities are inherited, as indicated in the early emergence of shoaling behavior in laboratory-raised immature minnows. The varying levels of predator inspection and shoaling behavior in response to predator's presence can arise in laboratory-raised minnows even though they do not have any experience of predators. Their anti-predatory behaviors are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to their wild-caught counterparts. Anti-predatory behaviors are modified by early experience of predators. Early exposure to predators increases the inspection rate and shoaling tendency.
Foraging
Shoaling behavior improves foraging success, because the demand for anti-predatory activities per individual is reduced and because more individuals scanning for food leads to quicker detection. In general, a larger shoal of fish locates food faster, which was confirmed to be true in common minnows.
Individual recognition and shoal choice
Common minnows do not randomly choose shoalmates to forage with. They tend to associate with familiar shoalmates and prefer to form shoals with poor competitors for food, which indicates that they can recognize individual conspecifics. It is more beneficial to shoal with poor competitors because while group foraging helps the search for food, it also leads to competition for food among the shoalmates.
Common minnows tend to associate with familiar shoalmates, but new alliances can form when different groups encounter. In an experiment in which common minnows from different groups were introduced to a common environment and monitored, they associated significantly more frequently with familiar individuals than unfamiliar individuals. The preference lasted up to two weeks, but by the third week, new association patterns were observed.
Breeding in captivity
The Eurasian minnow breeds well in cold fresh water aquariums, but it is rarely sold as an aquarium fish. They need a good supply of oxygen (some air bubblers do fine), a reasonable current (which is often provided by the bubblers if they are good strong ones), and a gravel bottom. It is not clear what size works best although smallish (0.5 cm each) works well. Clean water helps and so do plant life and general good quality aquarium conditions. Breeding begins around late May when the fish become noticeably more active, and the fish begin to change colour. The females don't change their colour so much, more the shape of their body; in fact the colours seem to fade if anything except for the fins which become slightly more red. Their body becomes more deep set toward the abdomen, which area also starts bulking out. Although the changes in the female are small, the changes in the male are huge. First of all, the difference in the shades of colour on the fish become stronger (dark gets darker, light gets lighter), and the fins, throat and some other areas redden. These colour changes strengthen as the fish gets closer to breeding. The body becomes much bulkier, and the gills become very pale with iridescent light blue patches towards the bottom and below. This contrasts with the now very dark body. Later the scales on the lower half of the body begin to stand out more and become slightly gold-lined. All these strengthen as time passes on. All the fins, especially the dorsal, start to stick out more; this happens in both sexes. The males begin to chase females around, rubbing their sides against them, and this becomes very frenzied and aggressive towards the mating. Mating happens when this behaviour reaches its climax where the female releases the eggs and the male fertilizes them.
Fertilised eggs promptly sink to the bottom and into the gravel. The other fish will start eating the eggs and picking at the gravel to find them. The male will then ferociously guard them for a period of time. A few days later the eggs will hatch and the fry will emerge. It is very important to have much plant cover for the fry to hide in as the adult fish will try to eat them especially if underfed and if not much other live food is given. The baby fry feed on small organisms called infusoria and algae. To grow infusoria for feeding just get a jam jar of pond water and run it through some cotton wool or muslin to get out any larger predatory organisms like daphnia which will eat the infusoria and add hay to the water. Leave it for a few days in a dimly lit room at about room temp. and when you next look you should see lots of tiny white dots in the water which, if looked at under a microscope reveal to be lots of types of infusoria in their millions. these can be fed to the fry by adding them to the tank. To get more just add some of the old water containing the infusoria to cooled, boiled tap water with hay and repeat the other procedures. As the fry grow their diet changes. When they reach about half an inch they can be fed small organisms like daphnia or cyclops. These can be obtained by dragging a net through water where they can be seen or they can be purchased from aquarium dealers. Soon the fish will eat the same food as the adults and will quickly grow.
References
External links
Category:Phoxinus
Category:Fish described in 1758
Category:Fish of Asia
Category:Freshwater fish of Europe
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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George Hodges (umpire)
George James Hodges (dates unknown) was a Test match umpire. He officiated in one match between Australia and England in Melbourne on 21 March 1885 to 25 March 1885, comfortably won by England by an innings and 98 runs. Hodges' colleague was Jim Phillips, standing in the first of his 13 matches in Australia.
Some authorities believe that this umpire was John Robart Hodges who played in the first two Test matches.
See also
Australian Test cricket umpires
List of Test umpires
External links
References
Pollard, Jack, "Australian Cricket: 1803-1893, The Formative Years". Sydney, The Book Company, 1995. ()
Category:Australian Test cricket umpires
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Year of birth missing | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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RAF Bentley Priory
RAF Bentley Priory was a non-flying Royal Air Force station near Stanmore in the London Borough of Harrow. It was the headquarters of Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain and the Second World War. During the war, two bombs destroyed a wooden hut near the married quarters, a blast from a V1 flying bomb broke a few windows, and the windows in the Officers' Mess were shattered by a V2 rocket. The Royal Air Force station closed 30 May 2008 with all units relocating to new accommodation at RAF Northolt.
The station incorporated Bentley Priory, which was originally built in 1766. The house was significantly extended in 1788, by Sir John Soane, for John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn. It was the final home of the Dowager Queen Adelaide, queen consort of William IV, before her death there in 1849. Afterwards the building was used as a hotel and girls' school before being acquired by the RAF in 1926. The site includes a Grade II* listed Officers' Mess and Italian Gardens. These, together with the park, are designated a Registered Garden Grade II. The land south of the house is the Bentley Priory Nature Reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest maintained by Harrow Heritage Trust.
Since its closure, the Officers' Mess has converted into the Bentley Priory Museum with exhibits focusing on the house's role during the Battle of Britain. The grounds have been redeveloped as an upmarket private residential housing estate.
History
The Priory building and 40 acres (comprising the present grounds) were sold to the Air Ministry for a sum thought to be about £25,000. The remainder of the estate, about , were sold to a syndicate who divided it into plots for building purposes. Middlesex County Council bought , including the farm in front of the Priory which formed part of the Green Belt and the present Bentley Priory Open Space.
On 26 May 1926, Inland Area (Training Command), a part of the organization of the Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) moved into the Priory from Uxbridge. In July 1926, it was renamed 'Training Command' and moved to Market Drayton in Shropshire. As the RAF grew in size the organizational base expanded with it and the foundations were laid for an air defence system which proved to be well in advance of the force it was shortly to oppose.
The service was drastically reorganized with the creation of Bomber, Coastal, Fighter and Training Commands. The existing ADGB was dissolved and RAF Fighter Command emerged on 14 July 1936. It left Hillingdon House, at RAF Uxbridge on this date and moved to Bentley Priory with its first Air Officer Commanding Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding. Fighter Command Headquarters remained at the Priory until its merger with the other operational commands in 1968.
A poem translated from Gray's 'Luna Habitabilis' Cambridge 1797 is associated with the Priory. A copy of the poem was given to AOC 11 Gp on 22 November 1989 by the Rt Hon The Lord Harvington, who stated that he had intended reading it out to the House of Commons at the end of the Battle of Britain, but the copy had been lost. At the time Harvington was Wing Commander R G G F Harvington RAuxAF and Conservative member for North St Pancras. He felt it appropriate to quote this 18th-century prophecy:
"The time will come, when thou shalt lift thine eyes,
To watch a long drawn battle in the skies,
While aged peasants, too amazed for words,
Stare at the flying fleets of wond'rous birds,
England so long the mistress of the sea,
Where winds and waves confess her sovereignty,
Her ancient triumph yet on high shall bear,
And reign, the sovereign of the conquered air."
However the quotation is misleading and based on selective editing of the original in which 'the battle' is a fleet of ships invading the moon and the aged peasants are moon-dwellers.
Royal Observer Corps
The Observer Corps moved to RAF Bentley Priory from its original location at RAF Uxbridge, along with Dowding and Fighter Command, during July 1936 and would remain at the Priory until it was stood down in December 1995. The Observer Corps was one of the cornerstones of Lord Dowding's air defence system and he said later in his despatch after the Battle of Britain:
"It is important to note that at this time they (the Observer Corps) constituted the whole means of tracking enemy raids once they had crossed the coastline. Their work throughout was quite invaluable. Without it the air-raid warning systems could not have been operated and inland interceptions would rarely have been made."
As a result of their efforts during the Battle of Britain the Observer Corps was granted the title Royal by King George VI and became a uniformed volunteer branch of the RAF from April 1941 for the remainder of its existence. Throughout its service the Royal Observer Corps was commanded by an RAF Air Commodore, each of whom served a tour of between three or four years.
When the Corps' first Commandant Air Commodore Edward Masterman CB CBE AFC RAF(R’td) had stood down in April 1936, Air Commodore Alfred Warrington-Morris CB CMG OBE AFC MiD RAF(R’td) replaced him and took control of the Observer Corps during the important period immediately prior to the Second World War. He oversaw the move of HQ Observer Corps to Bentley Priory and the Corps’ adoption by RAF Fighter Command. He also controlled the Corps during the memorable events of the Battle of Britain and was still at the helm when the Observer Corps was granted the title Royal to become the Royal Observer Corps and became a uniformed branch of the RAF. Warrington-Morris was Mentioned in Despatches in July 1940.
The corps was created to provide a system for detecting, tracking and reporting aircraft over Britain. During World War II it was complementary to and often replaced the radar system in that it provided an 'over land' element while radar handled the 'over water approach' requirement. In 1955 the detection and reporting of nuclear blasts and fall-out was introduced. By 1965 the aircraft role was no longer needed and the corps formed the field force for the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation (UKWMO) until both organisations were disbanded after the Cold war ended.
Initially the Observer Corps' presence at Bentley Priory included not only the small headquarters’ staff of a dozen officers and support staff but also around sixty spare time observers who filled essential plotting tasks in the Bentley Priory operations rooms. In 1955 the observers relocated to a new dedicated ROC operations centre in nearby Watford. By 1968 the ROC headquarters consisted of its Air Commodore, 9 full-time ROC officers and around 15 MoD civilian support staff. The ROC officers, several of whom ‘lived in’, took a full and active role in the life of the officers’ mess and frequently filled mess committee positions.
In 1992, a Royal Observer Corps stained glass window to mark the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Britain, was installed in the officers’ mess at RAF Bentley Priory. The window is located by the main door, just inside the corridor leading to the dining room and depicts two observers on duty at an Observer Corps post in central London with contrails overhead. The colourful window was constructed from an original design and drawing by Observer Lieutenant Commander A P Angove FBIM FITD, the Operations Training Officer (Ops Trg) at HQ ROC. The arched window was designed to balance a Royal Air Force stained glass window already located on the other side of the front door.
The 10,000 member main field force of the ROC were stood down on 30 September 1991, and the ROC's original 1966 Royal Banner was laid up at St Clement Danes Church in the Strand, London where it remains on display, a new banner having been presented by HM The Queen in July 1991 during a Royal Review of the ROC and garden party at Bentley Priory. The Corps was dismantled following what was described by the Queen at the Royal Review as "the end of the Cold War" and linked to a Government press release that referred to "possible future developments and improvements in automated nuclear explosion and fallout detection from remote sensors".
The S Ad O, retitled as Senior ROC Officer (SROCO), Observer Commander N A Greig OBE and his adjutant Observer Lieutenant P Proost remained in post to administer the reduced ROC contingent under a revised RAF structure. Only the Nuclear Reporting Cell (NRC) elements of the Corps remained in service, working alongside major armed forces headquarters and they entered a new and highly-uncertain phase. Reduced to less than 300 members in total over the whole UK, the retained NRCs now found themselves tasked with the daunting challenge of providing a comprehensive Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) warfare analysis and warning service for the Military Home Commands, on a reserve-manned basis as NBCCs but without the previous flow of data from posts and controls.
From 1991 onwards the "Remnant Elements" became a single reserve Directly Administered Unit within RAF Strike Command (RAFSTC). The position of Commandant ROC became a secondary appointment for the Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) of No. 11 Group RAF at Bentley Priory. All members were required to remove their original ROC Group designations from their RAF uniforms, and to accept moves towards a change in conditions of service during any Transition-To-War (TTW) that would make them effectively members of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force (RAuxAF), with protected rights, and closer links were made with the war-appointable flights of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR).
Despite having successfully built upon the extensive NBC reporting trials, undertaken with the RAF Regiment and meeting full NATO standards and evaluations (STANAGs and OPEVALs), the conclusion reached by the UK MoD was that retention of the Corps in its NBC Cell role was "desirable, but not essential in the existing format". As a consequence, the remaining part-time members of the ROC were stood-down on 31 December 1995, after a laying-up ceremony for the 1991 ROC Banner in the Rotunda at RAF College Cranwell in Lincolnshire on 8 Dec 1995. The ROC Banner remains on display in the RAFC Cranwell rotunda alongside other stood-down Air Force units and squadrons that are subject to liability for reactivation in the future. Headquarters ROC at RAF Bentley Priory finally closed on 31 March 1996 after all administrative winding-up tasks were completed. The last Commandant of the Corps was Air Commodore Martin Widdowson.
Fighter Command
RAF Fighter Command, under Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding with Air Commodore A D John Cunningham as his Senior Air Staff Officer (SASO) and Air Commodore N J Gill as Air Officer Administration (AOA), consisted of 76 officers, 71 airmen and 84 civilians (including the 70 Observer Corps personnel).
The units administered directly by HQ Fighter Command were No 11 (Fighter) Group, No 77 (Air Co-operation) Group and the Royal Observer Corps (from April 1941). In November 1938, No 3 Balloon Centre RAuxAF under command of Group Captain A. E. Bald was formed at RAF Stanmore Park and came under the operational umbrella of Dowding. The location details for the 'barrages' were planned at Bentley Priory.
Prior to the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the Priory underwent many changes. Chief among these was the hurried adaptation of the two largest rooms (now the anteroom and the Ladies room) into the Operations Room and the Filter Room - moved from its original location in the Crypt bar; the classrooms in the east Wing were converted into accommodation. Externally, brown and green paint were sprayed over the outside of the building including the clock face, and many of the windows were blacked out.
Dug-outs were built and sandbags deployed to protect the more important officers. In 1939, the magnificent conservatory was pulled down and replaced by the Operations staff wooden offices. The scene was now set for the wartime era, which is in a national context considered to be the most interesting and significant part of the Priory's history, and that of the RAF.
In January 1939, work started on the underground Operations Block which was occupied and commenced operations on 9 March 1940. The average depth of the excavations was .
In the Spring of 1940 Air Officer Commanding RAF Fighter Command, Air Chief Marshal Hugh Dowding, by then a widower, lived a very quiet domestic life with his sister Hilda at a house called Montrose (no longer standing) in Stanmore. He rarely went out socially and with an immense work load was happy to forgo all but duty functions. Every morning he would walk through the grounds to his office in the Priory. Dowding would often meet General Frederick Alfred Pile, who was the General Officer Commanding Anti-Aircraft Command, who was walking from his home, Glenthorn. The pair, who were firm friends, would use the time to talk about the war and other subjects. Dowding left visits to other stations in Fighter Command to his Staff Officers as he was much occupied with the work in his Priory office. However, he did pay regular night-time visits to research establishments and the air defences around London when The Blitz started in earnest in September 1940. These visits often followed periods of up to 48 hours at his desk leaving Dowding exhausted. Lord Beaverbrook and Winston Churchill made Dowding unwillingly relinquish command of Fighter Command on 24 November 1940 after he only approved some recommendations in a report to improve night air defences created by a committee of enquiry chaired by Sir John Salmond.
Dowding's time leading Fighter Command left a lasting legacy on the organisation. His creation of the Operations and Filter Rooms, the essential elements of the Command, Control and Communications system, became the cornerstone of the Air Defence System. The system he developed gave air controllers the best chance of scrambling fighter squadrons to intercept Luftwaffe raids before they reached their targets. This rapid, flexible approach was essential because there were insufficient aircraft and crews to keep fighter patrols continuously airborne in 1940.
He also played a significant part in encouraging research into night-fighter equipment and tactics. Historian and Dowding biographer, Robert Wright, who served as Dowding's personal assistance during the Battle of Britain, wrote in his book, Dowding and the Battle of Britain, that even when faced with threats of retirement and constant rebuttal, Dowding continued to give his all to those under him and the RAF service. Dowding noted in a letter Air Ministry in early March 1940, that:
"Apart from the question of discourtesy, which I do not wish to stress, I must point out the lack of consideration involved in delaying a proposal to this nature until ten days before the date of retirement. I have had four retiring dates given to me and now you are proposing a fifth. Before the War, as I told S of S, I should have been glad to retire: now I am anxious to stay, because I feel that there is no one else who will fight as I do when proposals are made which would reduce the Defence Forces of the Country below extreme danger point."
Bentley Priory continued to act as the Headquarters of Fighter Command throughout the Second World War. It assumed additional importance as the Air planning headquarters for D-Day as the planning for the full operation was conducted at HMS Dryad near Portsmouth with Montgomery Eisenhower and Churchill attending a nearby church the evening before the assault. Much of the detailed air planning work was carried out at Kestrel Grove just a few hundred yards away (this building still stands and is now a retirement home). On D-Day, the landings were monitored by King George VI, Winston Churchill and U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower in the Allied Expeditionary Air Force War room in the Priory's underground bunker. The German artillery binoculars on display in the Dowding room were brought back on the C-in-C's orders, having been captured from positions overlooking the beaches in France.
In September 1955 the Fighter Command Silver Band performed the first Beating the Retreat ceremony by the RAF in front of the Priory. Dowding's leather-topped desk, many of his papers and other effects still occupy the room in the Officers' Mess which he used as his office, with its views across a stone balcony to the formal Italian garden below. These will remain as part of the building for its future as a museum.
Anti-Aircraft Command
On 1 April 1939, HQ Anti-Aircraft Command (AAC) was formed under General Alan Brooke, but on 28 July 1939, he was suddenly moved to command the British Forces and General Sir Frederick Alfred Pile took over. Anti-Aircraft Command then moved to 'Glenthorn', and the Gordon crest was adopted as the badge of Anti-Aircraft Command. This crest, the 'flexed bow and arrow', can still be seen on a silver bowl, presented to the mess when AAC closed, and is displayed in the Dowding Room. A Plotters School existed in one of the local houses where trainees used bicycles and megaphones to learn how to map incoming enemy aircraft.
Airstrip
With the requirement for frequent high-level meetings the need for an airstrip at Bentley Priory grew. Air Commodore Richard 'Batchy' Atcherley undertook this project and dismayed, but probably not surprised, by Air Ministry War Department advice that it would take six months to construct two strips, he approached the Americans. The cinder T-strips were laid approximately east-West just south of the bunker with the leg of the T pointing south in just four days. A Bellman hangar was erected adjacent to the present Mess building.
Flight Sergeant Geoff Elphick RAuxAF, a Battle of Britain pilot with 32 Sqn at Biggin Hill, flew out of the Priory from April 1944. During a recent visit he clearly recalled the day that he unceremoniously pulled Air Commodore Atcherley out of an Auster which he had rolled onto its back while landing. He also recalled quietly cutting down some birch trees which were making the landings a little too exciting. Bomber Harris also made some exciting landings and was apparently always complaining about 'those confounded balloons' which were not far away from the strip.
Ironically, it was an aircraft of Bomber Command that came closest to destroying the Priory. A Wellington bomber of No 311 (Czech) Sqn returning to its base attempted to land on the lawns in front of the Priory. It narrowly missed the Priory and crashed outside the Sergeants' Mess; there was one survivor.
Post-war operations
After the war, the Priory gradually returned to something of its former self. However, on the night of 10 March 1947, the centre portion of the building, including the room above the Ante-Room and the offices on the floor above, were destroyed by a fire. Two years later, a new bar was built in the sub-basement under the Ante-Room. HRH Princess Elizabeth first visited the Priory in 1950.
At some stage the wooden accommodation block was replaced with the three-storey building immediately to the west of the Mess and in 1953 a Conference Room was constructed on the second floor. Further restoration of the exterior of the building followed in 1954, together with the extension and modernisation of the Officers' Mess kitchen and servery.
In 1955, the dining room was enlarged and rebuilt with a new roof. All this renovation was complete by 1958 when the Queen and other members of the Royal Family attended the RAF 40th Anniversary celebrations which were held at Bentley Priory.
Despite the considerable work undertaken, it became apparent that deterioration was still taking place. In 1964, a surveyor's report showed that the Ante-Room rebuilt in 1947 was suffering from dry-rot. However, it was not until ten years later that the full extent of the decay was thoroughly investigated.
In 1966, the clock face received an extensive overhaul. Made by John Moore in 1864, the clock was one of the last to be made before the gravity escapement principle was introduced. It was wound weekly and had a pendulum with a two and a quarter second beat. The clock was lost in the fire of 1979 but the original bells survived.
On 30 April 1968, Fighter Command was amalgamated with other operational commands to form Strike Command. The Fighter Command badge remains above the main entrance Headquarters No 11 (Fighter) Group. The Officers' Mess remained in the Priory building and much of the Mess silver still proudly bears the Fighter Command Badge.
Bentley Priory also became the Administrative Headquarters for RAF Strike Command (although this function moved to High Wycombe in 1972). It was also proposed that the Officer and Aircrew selection at RAF Biggin Hill should move to the Priory and Stanmore itself closed. All these plans required a large Officers' Mess and in 1974 the Department of the Environment ordered a thorough investigation into the priory building. Their findings were extremely disturbing; the spread of dry-rot in the timbers meant that the only safe parts of the Mess were the kitchens and dining room, and these would only last until March 1975 when they too would have to be closed. From this period dates the large underground nuclear hardened bunker to the East of the Mansion, built in 1982 which replaced the previous World War II bunker on the site, which had been continually upgraded from 1940 up to the 1980s.
The decision that the Mess would have to close came at a particularly bad time as, some four months earlier, the Royal Air Force Association had been given permission to hold a Fighter Command Commemorative Ball at the Priory and invitations had already been sent out. Given the serious concern about the integrity of the building's structure it was decided to use marquees for the majority of the function; the lower floors were temporarily strengthened. The ball was of course, a resounding success and caused HM the Queen Mother, who has a long association with the Mess, to be particularly interested in the Priory's future. It was from that night that the campaign to save the Priory really began and it was eventually decided that the Priory should be renovated at a cost of approximately £1 million. Most of the paintings and other valuables were taken to RAF Quedgeley for safe storage, and Cubitts, sub-contractors of the Department of the Environment, started work.
Fire
On the evening of 21 June 1979 at 8:27 pm, smoke was seen coming from the Priory. The London Fire Brigade fortunately arrived in good time and tried to fight the fire. Several teams went inside and tried to get the fire under control. Unfortunately, the electricity had not been switched off and as the firemen advanced to the seat of the fire, they were surrounded by great sparks and had to beat a hasty retreat. The firemen spent the next morning damping down the smouldering remains and looking for the cause. It was quickly established that the fire was an accident and not arson.
The fire devastated most of the main staircase, but luckily jumped over the Adelaide Room, by-passing the Rotunda, but destroying the rooms down the other side, including the Dowding Room. Initially, this fire was thought to be the final tragedy. However, after legal ramifications were resolved, Cubitts's insurance covered most of the cost of rebuilding and renovations went ahead at a cost of approximately £3.1 million.
Despite two fires and substantial Victorian rebuilding of the house, externally, Soane's part in the design is still evident on the garden side and in the house. The five pilasters (columns) set against the original Duberley house still survive, though they have lost most of their entablature (the ornate area above the column) and carry instead a steeply projecting slate roof.
Although several of the rooms were built during the 18th century, alterations to most of them have led to the loss of their original character. Only the entrance hall remains virtually intact with its eight 'Roman Doric' columns supporting a shallow vaulted ceiling. The 1979 fire peeled off the whitewash paint cover of the ceiling revealing the intricate painted pattern (as designed by Sloane). Although the finances did not allow this pattern to be restored at the time, it has since been returned to its former glory by Mess members. A second small fire was started while restoration was under way in 1980 cause of the fire was work lights left on over night.
Closure
RAF Bentley Priory was latterly home to the Defence Aviation Safety Centre, Air Historical Branch (AHB) and RAF Ceremonial. As there was no enduring operational use for RAF Bentley Priory, however, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) released the site as part of its Greater London estate consolidation project, Project MoDEL (Ministry of Defence Estates London). This despite the fact there was a significant lack of military accommodation in the London Area.
Project MoDEL is making a major contribution to the consolidation of the Defence Estate in Greater London through the delivery of three key outputs: the development of an integrated 'core site' at RAF Northolt; the re-location of the London-based units; and the disposal of surplus sites. Accordingly, DASC, AHB and RAF Ceremonial relocated to RAF Northolt in 2008 following the completion of their new accommodation. A total of £180 million GBP ($295 million US in 2008) of the £300 million GBP released from Project MoDEL has been re-invested back into RAF Northolt.
A final dinner was held for the Battle of Britain veterans in July 2007 to celebrate the role of the building and those who worked in it in preventing Hitler's planned air invasion of Britain in 1940. The sunset ceremony was carried out by the Queen's Colour Squadron and there was a flypast by the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight and a Eurofighter Typhoon. The salute was taken by the Station Commander Squadron Leader Phil Reid, the Chief of the Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy and Air Commodore (Ret) Pete Brothers, Chairman of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association.
The final closure Sunset ceremony took place on 30 May 2008, when the RAF ensign was lowered at RAF Bentley Priory for the last time. The station officially closed the following day, and all remaining lodger units moved to RAF Northolt.
Bentley Priory Museum
The former Bentley Priory Officers' Mess, which became the Bentley Priory Museum in September 2013, includes the original office of Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding (later Lord Dowding), Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Fighter Command during the Battle of Britain, preserved with its original furniture. Other Battle of Britain historic artefacts are kept in the Museum, including one of the few remaining Battle of Britain Lace Panels.
Other items in the Museum include a number of "trophies" taken by the Royal Air Force from the Luftwaffe at the end of World War II, including an eagle statue and a bust of Hermann Göring.
The Officers' Mess was also notable for the number of Royal Portraits hanging in the building; there were two of HM The Queen, one in the Dining Room as a young woman and a second that hung in the Ladies' Room that was commissioned and paid for by the Royal Observer Corps to mark their 50th Jubilee Year, painted at Bentley Priory depicting Her Majesty in her ROC Commandant in Chief regalia and with a background of the Italian Gardens. There was also a portrait of His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh (dressed in a flying suit, hanging in the Dining Room on the wall facing the Queen), one of George VI (in RAF No 1 uniform wearing a 'chip bag' and wings, which hangs in the Abercorn Bar) and one of The Queen Mother (gifted to the Mess by the Queen Mother after she paid for refurbishment following the fire). The portrait of The Queen Mother hung in the rotunda and was surrounded by portraits and sketches of many Battle of Britain Pilots. These portraits have now all been preserved in the Museum.
Redevelopment
Following the closure of the RAF station the site was handed over to Defence Estates, who in turn passed it to the prime plus contractor for Project MoDEL, VSM Estates, a company formed by developers Vinci PLC and St. Modwen Properties PLC, who are responsible for developing proposals and the subsequent disposal of the site to developers who will realise the scheme.
Under Supplementary planning guidance agreed in 2007 by London Borough of Harrow the site will include a museum open to the public in the main rooms of the house, recording and interpreting the history of the site and in particular the Battle of Britain and Cold War heritage. The plans were put on hold in 2009 as a result of the economic climate in Britain, although in 2010 it was agreed that the museum would go ahead and be run by the Bentley Priory Battle of Britain Trust, with support from the charity The Prince's Regeneration Trust. The latest plans for the site include the conversion of the grade II* listed mansion into luxury flats, above the museum. The restoration and classical style development for the site is being designed by Nigel Anderson of ADAM Architecture.
On 12 September 2013, the Bentley Priory Museum was officially opened by Prince Charles and the Duchess of Cornwall.
The Cold War bunker was surveyed by English Heritage, who concluded there were other examples of similar bunkers across the country in better condition. In March 2010 the bunker was filled in, leaving only the exterior doors and walls. The RAF Bentley Priory Battle of Britain Trust supported VSM Estates in the decision to fill in the bunker on the grounds of maintenance costs. The bunker had replaced the Second World War bunker in the 1980s.
See also
List of former Royal Air Force stations
Bentley Priory
Bentley Priory Nature Reserve
References
Citations
Bibliography
Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Action Stations: Military Airfields of Greater London v. 8 ()
Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Fighter Pilots in World War II: True Stories of Frontline Air Combat ()
Bruce Barrymore Halpenny Fight for the Sky: Stories of Wartime Fighter Pilots ()
External links
Bentley Priory Museum - official site
Harrow Council Strategic Planning Document: Bentley Priory
Air of Authority - An Organisational History of the RAF
Bentley Priory
Category:Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Harrow
Category:Battle of Britain
Category:Monasteries in London
Category:History of the London Borough of Harrow
Bentley Priory
Category:Stanmore
Category:1936 establishments in England | {
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Cable layer
A cable layer or cable ship is a deep-sea vessel designed and used to lay underwater cables for telecommunications, electric power transmission, or other purposes including military. Cable ships are distinguished by large cable sheaves for guiding cable over bow or stern or both. Bow sheaves, some very large, were characteristic of all cable ships in the past, but newer ships are tending toward having stern sheaves only, as seen in the photo of CS Cable Innovator at the Port of Astoria on this page. The names of cable ships are often preceded by "C.S." as in CS Long Lines.
The first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid by cable layers in 1857–58. It briefly enabled telecommunication between Europe and North America before misuse resulted in failure of the line. In 1866 the successfully laid two transatlantic cables, securing future communication between the continents.
Modern cable ships
Cable ships have unique requirements related to having long idle periods in port between cable laying or repairs, operation at low speeds or stopped at sea during cable operations, long periods running astern (less frequent as stern layers are now common), high maneuverability, and a fair speed to reach operation areas.
Modern cable ships differ greatly from their predecessors. There are two main types of cable ships: cable repair ships and cable-laying ships. Cable repair ships, like the Japanese Tsugaru Maru, tend to be smaller and more maneuverable; they are capable of laying cable, but their primary job is fixing or repairing broken sections of cable. A cable-laying ship, like Long Lines, is designed to lay new cables. Such ships are bigger than repair ships and less maneuverable; their cable storage drums are also larger and are set in parallel so one drum can feed into another, allowing them to lay cable much faster. These ships are also generally equipped with a linear cable engine (LCE) that helps them lay cable quickly. By locating the manufacturing plant near a harbor, cable can be loaded into the ship's hold as it is being manufactured.
The newest design of cable layers, though, is a combination of cable-laying and repair ships. An example is the only U.S. naval cable layer-repair ship. Zeus uses two diesel-electric engines that produce 5000 horsepower each and can carry her up to 15 knots (about 17 miles per hour), and she can lay about 1000 miles (≈1600 kilometers) of telecommunications cable to a depth of 9000 feet (≈2700 meters). The purpose of Zeus was to be a cable ship that could do anything required of it, so the ship was built to be able to lay and retrieve cable from either the bow or the stern with ease. This design was similar to that of the first cable ship, Great Eastern. Zeus was built to be as maneuverable as possible so that it could fulfill both roles: as a cable layer or a cable repair ship.
Equipment
To ensure that cable is laid and retrieved properly, specially designed equipment must be used. Different equipment is used on cable-laying ships depending on what their job requires. In order to retrieve damaged or mislaid cable, a grapple system is used to gather cable from the ocean floor. There are several types of grapples, each with certain advantages or disadvantages. These grapples are attached to the vessel via a grapple rope, originally a mix of steel and manila lines, but now made from synthetic materials. This ensures that the line is strong, yet can flex and strain under the weight of the grapple. The line is pulled up by reversing the Linear Cable Engine used to lay the cable.
The most common laying engine in use is the Linear Cable Engine (LCE). The LCE is used to feed the cable down to the ocean floor, but this device can also be reversed and used to bring back up cable needing repair. These engines can feed 800 feet of cable a minute. However, ships are limited to a speed of 8 knots while laying cable to ensure the cable lies on the sea floor properly and to compensate for any small adjustments in course that might affect the cables' position, which must be carefully mapped so that they can be found again if they need to be repaired. Linear Cable Engines are also equipped with a brake system that allows the flow of cable to be controlled or stopped if a problem arises. A common system used is a fleeting drum, a mechanical drum fitted with eoduldes (raised surfaces on the drum face) that help slow and guide the cable into the LCE.
Cable ships also use “plows” that are suspended under the vessel. These plows use jets of high-pressure water to bury cable 3 feet under the sea floor, which prevents fishing vessels from snagging cables as thrall their nets.
HMTS Monarch (renamed CS Sentinel 13 October 1970) completed the first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, in 1956 from Scotland to Nova Scotia for Britain's General Post Office (GPO).
Repeaters
When coaxial cables were introduced as submarine cables, a new issue with cable-laying was encountered. These cables had periodic repeaters inline with the cable and powered through it. Repeaters overcame significant transmission problems on submarine cables. The difficulty with laying repeaters is that there is a bulge where they are spliced in to the cable and this causes problems passing through the sheave. British ships, such as HMTS Monarch and HMTS Alert solved the problem by providing a trough for the repeater to bypass the sheave. A rope connected in parallel to the repeater went through the sheave which pulled the cable back in to the sheave after the repeater had passed. It was normally necessary for the ship to slow down while the repeater was being laid. American ships, for a time, tried using flexible repeaters which passed through the sheave. However, by the 1960s they were also using rigid repeaters similar to the British system.
Another issue with coaxial repeaters is that they are much heavier than the cable. To ensure that they sink at the same rate as the cable (which can take some time to reach the bottom) and keep the cable straight, the repeaters are fitted with parachutes.
List of historical cable ships
Goliath, the first ship to lay an ocean cable in 1850. Done for the Submarine Telegraph Company across the English Channel.
CS Monarch (1830), first ship to be permanently fitted out as a cable ship
, worked as a cable ship from 1865 to 1870
CS Hooper, launched 29 March 1873 for Hooper's Telegraph Works, first cable ship designed to lay trans Atlantic cable, renamed CS Silvertown in 1881
CS H. C. Oersted, named for Hans Christian Ørsted built for The Great Northern Telegraph Company 1872, was the first ship specifically designed for cable repair.
CS Seine, maiden voyage 1873
CS Faraday, built in 1874 for Siemens Brothers
, the first cable ship ever to be sunk; she was rammed by another ship in the 1870s while laying a cable for the Brazilian Submarine Telegraph Company.
, chartered by Siemens Brothers Ltd. from W.T. Henley’s Telegraph Works Co. to lay cable between Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Chuy, Uruguay to complete work after sunk. Foundered 29 November 1874 in the Bay of Biscay with loss of 58 crew and the cable.
CS Mackay-Bennett, in service from 1884 until 1922, and best known for recovering the bodies of the victims of the RMS Titanic disaster in 1912
CS Alert (1890), cut important German cables in World War I
CS Cambria (1905), sank in Montevideo harbour, Uruguay, in 1945
CS Faraday (1923)
CS Telconia, in service from 1910 until 1934
CS Monarch (1945)
Royal Navy
, fifth-rate frigate used in 1845 as a cable ship
, 91-gun steam line-of-battle ship used as a cable ship in 1857 as part of the effort to lay the first transatlantic telegraph cable{{
, composite gunboat used briefly as a cable ship in 1915
, coast guard vessel used as a cable ship in 1917
US Navy
1973-1992
1973-1985
USS Thor (ARC-4) 3 January 1956 to 2 July 1973
1963-1994
1984–present, only ship in class
See also
List of international submarine communications cables
Optical fiber
Submarine communications cable
Submarine power cable
References
External links
International Cable Protection Committee - Cableships of the World
Photos of commercial cable layers
C.S. Long Lines
History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications
The World's Submarine Telephone Systems (Extensive glossary, review of systems with discussion of ship equipment)
South American Cables 1891-1892 Example of detailed description of cable and cable laying late 19th century.
"Laying the New Ocean Cable" (Popular Science Dec. 1928, CS Dominia)
"Cable Laying Ship Is Floating Wonderland" (Popular Mechanics July 1932)
Category:Ship types
Category:Submarine communications cables | {
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Kagin
Kagin may refer to:
Edwin Kagin (1940–2014), American lawyer
Kagin, Iran, a village | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Valerie, Margravine of Baden
Archduchess Valerie of Austria (; born 23 May 1941 in Vienna, Ostmark, Germany) is a member of the Tuscan line of the House of Habsburg and an Archduchess of Austria and a Princess of Tuscany by birth. Through her marriage to Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, Valerie is a member of the House of Zähringen and Margravine consort of Baden.
Family
Valerie was the ninth child and seventh daughter of Archduke Hubert Salvator of Austria and his wife Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm.
Marriage and issue
Valerie married Maximilian, Margrave of Baden, second child and eldest son of Berthold, Margrave of Baden and his wife Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark, on 23 September 1966 civilly in Salem, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and religiously on 30 September 1966 at Schloss Persenbeug in Persenbeug-Gottsdorf, Lower Austria, Austria. Valerie and Maximilian have four children together:
Princess Marie Louise Elisabeth Mathilde Theodora Cecilie Sarah Charlotte of Baden (b. Salem, 3 July 1969) married, civilly, in Salem on 15 September 1999 and religiously on 25 September to Richard Dudley Baker (b. 30 March 1936 at Biddeford, York County, Maine). They have one child:
Sofia Baker (b. 1 March 2001 in Alamosa, Alamosa County, Colorado)
Prince Bernhard Max Friedrich August Gustav Louis Kraft of Baden (b. Salem, 27 May 1970). On 22 June 2001 he married Stephanie Kaul and they have three children:
Prince Leopold of Baden (born on 18 May 2002)
Prince Friedrich of Baden (born on 9 March 2004)
Prince Karl-Wilhelm of Baden (born on 11 February 2006)
Prince Leopold Max Christian Ludwig Clemens Hubert of Baden (b. Salem, 1 October 1971)
Prince Michael Max Andreas of Baden (b. Salem, 11 March 1976) married in Salem on 4 July 2015 Christina Höhne (b. circa 1977)
Titles and styles
23 May 1941 – 23 September 1966: Her Imperial and Royal Highness Archduchess Valerie of Austria, Princess of Tuscany
23 September 1966 – present: Her Imperial and Royal Highness The Margravine of Baden
Ancestry
References
Category:1941 births
Category:Living people
Category:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Category:Austrian princesses
Category:People from Vienna
Category:House of Zähringen | {
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Wilbert Parkhurst
Wilbert Parkhurst was the founder of Empresas La Famosa, Inc., a company dedicated to the packaging and distribution of canned fruits and juices. The company, whose products are sold in 62 countries, is the owner of the brands "Famosa", "Criada" and "Coco Lopez"
Early years
In 1906, Parkhurst moved to Puerto Rico from Millville, New Jersey with his wife Bertha Jane and his three sons Wilbert Nicholas, Norman Eugene, Howard Allen. He purchased some land in the town of Bayamon and cultivated citrus fruits such as grapefruits and pineapples.
Empresas La Famosa, Inc.
In 1921, Parkhurst founded the Parkhurst Canning Co.; a company dedicated to canning and distribution of the fruits produced in his lands. In 1923, the company was renamed Empresas La Famosa, Inc. and Norman Eugene served as president. The company succeeded in introducing its products to the local market and continued to grow. Parkhurst's family became involved in the business which by 1971, included Frozen Fruits Concentrates, Inc. (the juice brand "Caribe"), Toa Canning Co., La Concentradora de Puerto Rico and Bayamón Can Company.
Ramón López Irizarry, a successful Puerto Rican inventor, packaged his product "Coco López" at the Industrias La Famosa canning factory. "Coco López" contained the ingredients which became the basis for the piña colada drink, which made its first appearance in 1954. In 1966, he sold the brand to the Parkhurst family, which later forged a deal with David Ballachow to distribute the product in the continental United States. In 1978, the Parkhurst family sold Empresas La Famosa, Inc. and the Coco López brand to the Borden company.
Later years
Parkhurst's son, Wilbert Nicholas (January 4, 1927 - January 11, 2010), was the owner of the Vaqueros de Bayamón (lit. "Bayamon Cowboys"), a professional basketball team based in Bayamón, Puerto Rico. The team, which played in the BSN league of Puerto Rico, won their third championship in 1967, under his ownership.
The town of Las Piedras, Puerto Rico named an urbanization "Parkhurst" in honor of the Parkhurst family.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
Vaqueros de Bayamón
References
Category:Puerto Rican businesspeople
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Businesspeople from New Jersey
Category:People from Bayamón, Puerto Rico | {
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List of townships of Myanmar by total fertility rate
This is a list of '''townships and districts of Myanmar by total fertility rate in 2014.
List
See also
Demographics of Myanmar
References
The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census. 2016. Thematic report on fertility and nuptiality. Census Report Volume 4-A. Department of Population Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population, Myanmar.
Category:Fertility
Category:Demographics of Myanmar | {
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Sir George Henry Waller, 3rd Baronet
Major-General Sir George Henry Waller, 3rd Baronet (2 September 1837 - 9 October 1892) was a British Army officer who served as commanding officer of the 7th Regiment of Foot.
Military career
Waller was commissioned into the 7th Regiment of Foot on 10 August 1854 and saw action in the Crimean War. He became commanding officer of the regiment on October 1871 and was promoted to major-general on 7 April 1886. He married Beatrice Katherine Frances Tower; they had two sons and two daughters. He lived at Woodcote in Warwickshire.
References
Category:British Army generals
Category:1837 births
Category:1892 deaths | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kathryn Ross (writer)
Kathryn Ross (born 1966 in Africa) is a popular British writer of over 30 romance novels. Her books have been translated into English, Spanish, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian Modern Greek, Japanese, Swedish, Finnish, Afrikaans, Polish, Arabic, Danish, German, Hebrew, Korean, Turkish, Norwegian, and Thai.
Ross lives in Lancashire, England. She is married and has two stepsons.
Bibliography
Single novels
Designed with Love (1989)
No Regrets (1990)
Playing by the Rules (1991)
By Love Alone (1992)
Total Possession (1993)
Divided by Love (1994)
Scent of Betrayal (1994)
Whisper of Scandal (1994)
Ruthless Contract (1995)
Seduced by the Enemy (1996)
The Boss's Mistress (1998)
A Marriage on Paper (1999)
Terms of Engagement (1999)
The Unmarried Father (2000)
Bride by Deception (2000)
The Eleventh Hour Groom (2001)
The Night of the Wedding (2001)
The Millionaire's Agenda (2002)
Her Determined Husband (2002)
The Secret Child (2002)
Blackmailed by the Boss (2003)
The Italian Marriage (2003)
A Spanish Engagement (2003)
A Latin Passion (2004)
The Frenchman's Mistress (2004)
The Millionaire's Secret Mistress (2005)
Mistress to a Rich Man (2005)
Taken by the Tycoon (2006)
Mediterranean Boss, Convenient Mistress (2007)
The Greek Tycoon's Innocent Mistress (2007)
Expecting! series multi-author
The Unexpected Father (1996)
Nanny Wanted series multi-author
The Love-Child (1997)
Big Event series multi-author
Bride for a Year (1998)
Omnibus in collaboration
Blackmailed Brides (2006) (with Kim Lawrence and Carole Mortimer)
Latin Affairs (2006) (with Helen Bianchin and Sharon Kendrick)
Convenient Weddings (2006) (with Jacqueline Baird and Helen Bianchin)
References and sources
Kathryn Ross in Harlequin Editorial
Katryn Ross in Fantastic Fiction
Category:English romantic fiction writers
Category:Living people
Category:1966 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Aboriginal title in Louisiana
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit has held that there is no aboriginal title in Louisiana.
History
Spanish rule
Spanish law, as interpreted by the U.S. Supreme Court, required the approval of the Governor for the alienation of aboriginal title.
French rule
Spain relinquished its claim to Louisiana to France in 1800.
U.S. territory
In 1803, the United States purchased France's claim to Louisiana in the Louisiana Purchase. The 1804 act forming the Louisiana Territory declared that any Spanish grants during the disputed period, “under whatsoever authority transacted, or pretended,” were “from the beginning, null, void, and of no effect in law or equity."
Statehood
Louisiana became a state in 1812.
Foster v. Neilson (1829)
Sampeyreac v. United States (1933)
Haydel v. Dufresne (1854)
West v. Cochran (1854)
Louisiana Land Claims Act
The "Louisiana Land Claims Act" is the collective name given to federal land title statutes applicable to Louisiana, passed between 1805 and 1844. The first act, passed on March 2, 1805, required all those claiming land under imperfect or incomplete title to file a claim with the Board of Land Commissioners; un-filed claims would "“forever thereafter be barred”; no obligation was imposed on those with complete or perfect title (although they could file claims as well). The 1807 act extended the filing deadline and authorized the Board to decide claims submitted to it; the 1807 act held that un-filed claims would be extinguished "so far as they are derived from or founded on any act of Congress."
Nearly all of the later acts further extended the deadline. In 1816, the "Opelousas Report" concluded that the Nonintercourse Act did not apply to purchases from Indians under Spanish and French rule, but that Spanish and French law did apply; Congress adopted the findings of the Report.
Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana v. Harry L. Laws Co. (1982)
The Chitimacha brought suit in the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana in July 1977 (complaint amended July 1979) claiming a large tract in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana. The land in the tract was conveyed from the tribe in three 18th century transactions, allegedly in violation of the Nonintercourse Act. The three sales, which occurred under Spanish rule, deeded land to Phillip Verret (September 10, 1794), Frederick Pellerin (October 1, 1794), and Marie Joseph (June 22, 1799). Eighty land owners were named as defendants. Judge W. Eugene Davis granted summary judgement to the landowners.
The Chitimacha appealed, arguing both that Judge Davis should have recused (inter alia, because he owned land claimed by the Chitimacha, albeit not in the original complaint) and that his ruling was in error. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed. In addition to finding Judge Davis qualified to hear the case, the Fifth Circuit held that the Louisiana Land Claims Acts applied to aboriginal title, obligated the Chitimacha to file a claim with the Commission, and extinguished their title when they did not do so. The Fifth Circuit assumed, but did not decide, that the three transactions occurred in violation of Spanish law by failing to obtain the permission of the Governor. The three transferees, although not required to file claims under the Louisiana Land Claims Act, had done so, and their claims had been upheld.
The Fifth Circuit referred to the Supreme Court's cases interpreting the California Land Claims Act, which it concluded was "very similar" to the statutes relating to Louisiana. Conversely, the Court distinguished United States v. Santa Fe Pac. R.R. (1941), noting that the federal statutes relating to Arizona and New Mexico there "did not set up any system for filing and deciding the validity of the land claims. They did not contain a forfeiture provision." The Fifth Circuit further held that the Chitimacaha held "incomplete title," defining incomplete title as "title which was not valid until confirmed by the United States government." The Fifth Circuit did not hold that all aboriginal title was incomplete title, but held that the Chitimacha's was because they had sold the land in question and actually "released possession."
Notes
References
Harry L. Coles, Jr., Applicability of the Public Land System to Louisiana, 43 Miss. Valley Hist. Rev. 39 (1956).
Francis B. Sayre, Change of Sovereignty and Private Ownership of Land, 12 Am. J. Int'l L. 475 (1918).
Category:Aboriginal title in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Sar Shif
Sar Shif (, also Romanized as Sar Shīf) is a village in Band-e Zarak Rural District, in the Central District of Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 307, in 50 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Minab County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kate Townsend
Kate Townsend (1839 - November 1, 1883) was a brothel madam during the late nineteenth century in the district of New Orleans that was later to become Storyville. This district became possibly the best known area for prostitution in the nation. Her luxurious brothel on Basin Street was the first of a number of upmarket brothels that the street became famed for.
Early life
Born Katherine Cunningham in 1839 in Liverpool, England, little is known of her early life. At age 15 she was working as a barmaid in a dance hall in Paradise Street, Liverpool. She became involved with a sailor named Peter Kearnaghan after saving him during a bar fight and became pregnant. After Kearnaghan had returned to sea she gave birth to twins. Leaving the twins and adopting the name Townsend, she left England for America in 1856.
New Orleans
After spending a few weeks in New York, Townsend travelled to New Orleans, arriving in early 1857. Considered an attractive and voluptuous woman, Townsend found employment in Clara Fisher's brothel in Phillipa Street (now Dryades Street). After about 6 months she left Fisher's to work at a house in Canal Street and then in Maggie Thompson's house in Customhouse Street.
In about 1863 Townsend opened her own brothel, renting a house on the corner of Villere Street and Customhouse Street. The house was successful and Townsend made many influential friends through the business including city officials and politicians.
40 Basin Street
With the backing of her influential friends, possibly a high-ranking police official, a recorder and several council members, Townsend had a luxurious brownstone and marble brothel built at 40 Basin Street (later 121 South Basin Street and now 30 Elk Pace). The building is reputed to have cost $100,000. The house had white marble fireplaces, French chandeliers, furniture made of highly polished black walnut with damask upholstery, velvet carpets and antiques brought from European merchants.
On July 30, 1870 gambler Gus Taney was murdered in the brothel by Jim White following an argument after Townsend had extended Taney credit. Taney pulled a gun on White, but before he could use it White stabbed him through the heart with a knife. The police attended and left the gun and bowie knife with Townsend as souvenirs. She kept the knife with her at all times from then on for self-defence.
Although attractive when young, Townsend put on weight in her later years and is reported to weight 300 lb at the time of her death.
Bill Sykes
Townsend had know Treville Egbert Sykes since soon after her arrival in New Orleans. Initially the relationship had been professional, but later the pair were romantically involved. Sykes, who was commonly known as "Bill", was the black sheep of a respectable New Orleans family. In 1878 Sykes moved into the brothel, keeping the books, doing odd jobs and drumming up business. The arrangement didn't work well and Townsend had him arrested for forging her signature on cheques to the value of $7,000. Townsend subsequently dropped the charges, but after that led Sykes a dogs life. One one occasion she nearly sliced his nose off with a bowie knife that had been given to her by a policeman client and she kept in her reticule for self-defence.
In October 1883 Townsend started to pay a lot of attention to a young gigolo named McLern, who she received in her private rooms. Where Sykes protested he was given a beating by Townsend and McLern. The next day Townsend was in the kitchen with her head girl, Molly Johnson, when she grabbed a carving knife and started making stabbing motions, saying she was going to open up Sykes belly. Johnson managed to calm her down and take the knife from her. Skyes appeared in the kitchen and Townsend attacked him with a breadboard until be fell to the floor and escaped on his hands and knees. An hour later Johnson found Townsend on the stairs to the top floor, where Sykes bedroom was. She told Johnson that she had been to Sykes room to open his belly but he was not there. Again Johnson managed to calm her down.
Townsend, Johnson, McLern and a friend of McLern got drunk on champagne in a nearby cafe, Pizzinis, on the night of November 1. McLern and Townsend got into an argument in which McLern threatened to smash a bottle over Townsend's head. She pulled out her bowie knife and McLern told her the bottle threat was only a joke. Townsend kept the kife in her hand and told the others she needed to cut somebody with it, and then said she was going to go home and open Sykes belly and left the cafe, Johnson also left the cafe and when Thompson went to her boudoir, Johnson warned Sykes to keep his door locked and barred. The next day and night Townsend remained in bed with a hangover.
Death
On the morning of November 3, the brothel's housekeeper, Mary Philomena, heard shouts and screams coming from Townsend's room. Opening the door she saw Townsend and Sykes fighting near the bed. Sykes pushed her out of the door and locked it. There were more screams and then silence. Sykes came out of the room with his clothes torn and blood on him. He said to the housekeeper "Well Mary, Kate's gone" and, when Philomena asked him what he'd done, replied "I had to do it". Sykes then limped upstairs. Philomena, who had now been joined by the cook, Rose Garcia, opened the door and found Townsend lying in a pool of blood. They tried unsuccessfully to revive her.
Officers Clarke and Hormie, having heard the commotion rushed to the room. Clarke went off to find a doctor and hailed down Dr. Venize who happened to be passing. Venize examined the body but Townsend had been dead too long for him to do anything for her. One of the officers noticed a bold stained bowie knife in the yard through an open window. Also in the yard were a bloody pair of pruning shears. Suspecting Sykes may be the assailant, officer Clarke went to Sykes room. Sykes had changed his clothes and told the officer he wanted to give himself up and was arrested and taken to the Central Police Station.
Skyes told the police that as soon as he entered the room Townsend had attacked with a knife she had hidden under her pillow. He had managed to get the knife off her but she then attacked her with a pair of pruning shears. He claimed he had killed her in self-defence.
Townsend body was laid out in the drawing room in a $600 white silk dress. For the funeral on November 5, the furnishings were covered in white silk and the guests served with champagne, which had been Townsend's wish. 25 coaches full of women followed the hearse to Metairie Cemetery, where she was buried in a $400 metallic casket.
Trial
Sykes appeared before a judge on November 11 and charged with Townsend's murder. He was remanded to Orleans Parish Prison. The murder trial started on January 29, 1884. After hearing the testimony of over 20 witnesses, the jury returned a verdict of not guilty of Townsend's murder on the grounds of self-defence. There was public outcry at the verdict, with suggestions that political connections or bribery had enabled Sykes to walk free.
Estate
Sykes produced a will dated September 3, 1873 in which Townsend made him the sole beneficiary. At probate Sykes was appointed executor. In February 1884 the court removed him as executor for pocketing some of the money that should have gone to the estate. The attorney general requested that Sykes only received a tenth share of the movables as "Sykes and Thompson had lived together in open concubinage", which the court accepted. Although Sykes appealed this, the ruling was upheld.
The Public administrator leased the brothel to Molly Johnson who continued to operate it until her death in 1889. The contents were then sold off and the establishment closed. It was subsequently sold to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks for use as a lodge.
In 1885 Ellen Talley, née Cunningham, claimed to be the sister of Townsend and entered a claim on the estate. This claim was rejected by Judge Houston, who noted that the resemblance between Talley and Townsend was limited to nationality not familial alikeness.
Probate was finally settled in 1888, with the bulk of the estate going to the State of Louisiana. Sykes appealed to the Louisiana Supreme Court, but the court upheld the ruling of the lower court. The estate amounted to $81,936, but after $30,000 lawyers fees and court fees only £33,142.65 went to the state treasury. Sykes only received $34.
References
Bibliography
Category:1839 births
Category:1883 deaths
Category:Businesspeople from New Orleans
Category:American brothel owners and madams | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of unreleased songs recorded by R. Kelly
American singer, songwriter and record producer R. Kelly has released 12 studio albums, 5 compilation albums and 3 collaboration albums. Kelly has sold over 100 million records, making him the most successful R&B male artist of the 1990s and also one of the best selling musical artists of all time. He is listed by Billboard as the most successful R&B/Hip Hop artist of the past 25 years (1985-2010) and also the most successful R&B artist in history.
This is a list of unreleased and unofficial songs recorded by R. Kelly. Songs that either has not been released at all or haven't had an official release yet.
Songs
See also
List of songs recorded by R. Kelly
References
Category:R. Kelly songs
Kelly, R | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Mark 37 torpedo
The Mark 37 torpedo is a torpedo with electrical propulsion, developed for the US Navy after World War II. It entered service with the US Navy in the early 1950s, with over 3,300 produced. It was phased out of service with the US Navy during the 1970s, and the stockpiles were sold to foreign navies.
Development
Its engineering development began in 1946 by Westinghouse-ORL. It was largely based on the concept of the passive homing Mark 27, with added active homing system tested on modified Mark 18s, and a new torpedo body. Between 1955–56, thirty torpedoes were produced for development testing, with large-scale production commenced shortly afterwards.
Due to its electric propulsion, the torpedo swam smoothly out of the launch tube, instead of having to be ejected by pressurized air, therefore significantly reducing its acoustic launch signature. To allow for water flow around the torpedo while swimming out, several 1" thick guide studs were attached to the torpedo, which although 19" in diameter was designed to be used only from 21" torpedo tubes.
The guidance of a Mk37 mod 0 torpedo was done by a gyroscope control during the initial part of its trajectory, where the gyro control achieved a straight run, a passive sonar homing system, and at the last by a Doppler-enabled active sonar homing, with magnetostrictive transducers operating at 60 kHz. The electronics was based on miniature vacuum tubes, later on solid-state semiconductor devices.
Modifications
The mod 1 torpedoes were longer, slower and heavier than mod 0, but offered better target acquisition capabilities and higher ability to intercept agile submarines. They used wire-guidance.
The efficiency of Mk37 torpedoes was high for targets with speed lower than and depth less than . As submarines with higher speeds and operating depths appeared, new torpedoes were developed. Of them, NT37C, D, E, and F are based on the Mk37 design.
In 1967, the mod 0s started being refurbished as mod 3, and mod 1 as mod 2. These modifications involved many changes including replacement of magneto-constrictive transducers with piezoelectric ones, and resulted in target acquisition range increased from to without loss of sensitivity with increasing depth.
The torpedoes used Mark 46 silver-zinc batteries. These had a known tendency to overheat, occasionally igniting or exploding. Training torpedoes used reusable rechargeable secondary batteries.
For a long time, the Mark 37 was a primary U.S. submarine-launched ASW torpedo. It was replaced by the Mark 48 starting in 1972. The remaining inventory was then rebuilt and sold to several countries, including Israel, as the NT-37C after the vacuum tube guidance systems were replaced by solid-state electronics and the electric propulsion was replaced with a liquid monopropellant.
Other uses
The Mk 67 submarine launched mobile mine is based on a Mark 37 torpedo body. It entered service in 1983 and is capable of swimming as far as 10 miles through or into a channel, harbor, shallow water area and other zones which would normally be inaccessible to the vessel laying it. After reaching the target area it sinks to the sea bed and acts like a conventionally laid influence mine. The exploder in the Mk 67 warhead is computerised and incorporates magnetic, acoustic and pressure sensors.
General characteristics
Power plant: Mark 46 silver-zinc battery, two-speed electric motor
Length: (mod.0), (mod.1)
Weight: (mod.0), (mod.1)
Diameter:
Range: at 17 knots, at 26 knots
Depth:
Speed: ,
Guidance system: active/passive sonar homing; passive until about from target, then active; mod.1 with wire-guidance
Warhead: HBX-3 high explosive with contact exploder
Date deployed: 1957
Notes
External links
Mk3-7 torpedo load, USS Torsk SS-423
SOVIET SEIZURE OF US PRACTICE TORPEDO
Tom Pelick: A historical perspective: U.S. Navy's First Active Acoustic Homing Torpedoes
Category:Cold War weapons of the United States
Category:Torpedoes of the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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Janine Ilitch
Janine Claire Ilitch (née Lynch; born 27 January 1972) is an Australian netball player. She was an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder in 1993.
Ilitch was born in Koo Wee Rup, Victoria. She has been a frequent member of the Australian national team, playing in her usual positions of goal keeper and goal defence, since being first selected in 1995. Ilitch has also been a key member of the Melbourne Kestrels in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy ever since the competition's founding in 1997, and served a stint as captain in 2004.
After years of playing second-fiddle to accomplished defenders Kathryn Harby-Williams and Liz Ellis, Ilitch finally cracked the Australian starting-seven in November 2004, where her combination with Australian captain Ellis played a major role in Australia's series victory against New Zealand. This combination was never to reach its true potential, when Ilitch took the 2005 season off due to being pregnant with her second child, and Ellis withdrew from the Australian team with a knee injury upon Ilitch's return. Ilitch won a place in Australia's silver-winning Commonwealth games team in 2006. After playing limited games with the Melbourne Kestrels in the 2006 Commonwealth Bank Trophy season, Ilitch announced her retirement.
References
Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Melbourne Kestrels players
Category:Netball players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Category:Netball players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Category:Netball players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Category:Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Category:Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Category:Australian Institute of Sport netball players
Category:Commonwealth Games medallists in netball
Category:Australia international netball players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3
UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3 (also known as UFC Fight Night 77) was a mixed martial arts event held on November 7, 2015, at the Ginásio do Ibirapuera in São Paulo, Brazil.
Background
The event was the fourth held in São Paulo following UFC Ultimate Brazil (1998), UFC on FX: Belfort vs. Bisping (2013) and The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale: Miocic vs. Maldonado (2014) and the twenty-fourth overall event to be held in Brazil.
The event was headlined by a middleweight trilogy bout between longtime multi-divisional contenders and champions Vitor Belfort and Dan Henderson. Henderson defeated Belfort in their first encounter in 2006 at Pride 32 via unanimous decision. Belfort defeated Henderson in their second encounter in 2013 at UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson via first round knockout.
Tom Lawlor was expected to face Fabio Maldonado at this event. However, Lawlor was forced to pull out due to injury and was replaced by The Ultimate Fighter 19 light heavyweight winner Corey Anderson.
On December 4, it was announced that Gleison Tibau was "provisionally suspended" by the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) due to a potential failed out-of-competition drug test. On December 23, a second potential failed drug test, this time in-competition, was also announced. On February 16, Tibau
announced he will drop his appeal and face the minimum punishment under the new rules, which is a two-year suspension. A day later, Tibau admitted he used erythropoietin out-of-competition thinking it "wouldn’t be anything" and that he thought he wasn't doing something wrong. Subsequently, on February 18, USADA announced Tibau's two-year suspension retroactive to the date of the fight and his win is now overturned to a loss, per the anti-doping policy of the Comissão Atlética Brasileira de MMA (CABMMA), which regulated the bout. Thus, Abel Trujillo's loss was overturned to a win.
Results
Bonus awards
The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses:
Fight of the Night: None awarded
Performance of the Night: Vitor Belfort, Thomas Almeida, Alex Oliveira and Thiago Tavares
See also
List of UFC events
2015 in UFC
References
Category:UFC Fight Night
Category:2015 in mixed martial arts
Category:Mixed martial arts in Brazil
Category:Sport in São Paulo
Category:2015 in Brazilian sport
Category:November 2015 sports events in South America | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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League of Legends Pro League
League of Legends Pro League (LPL) () is the top level of professional League of Legends in China. The first season of the LPL was the 2013 Spring season. The top three finishers of the playoff tournament receive automatic bids to the League of Legends World Championship. Playoffs are an eight team single elimination with each step a best-of-five series. The total prize pool is ¥2,350,000. In 2014 Riot Games began providing an English language broadcast. The format is modeled after the League of Legends Champions Korea format in South Korea. In September 2015 it was announced that Riot Games was in negotiations with Tencent to take over operations of the league.
Format
For the 2015 Spring season the LPL adopted a best of two series. Teams play a double round robin.
As of 2017 and 2018, the league will adopt the EU LCS format for selecting regular season groups. The highest ranked teams from the previous split will head the groups with other teams being selected. This also means the format now includes the best of 3 matches.
For the 2019 Spring Split, the LPL will resume the following format:
Group Stage:
All 16 teams play in a group.
Single Round Robin. All matches are best of 3.
Top 8 teams advance to Play-Off Stage.
All matches are best of 5.
1st and 2nd teams in Group Stage will start at Round 3 (semi-final).
3rd and 4th teams in Group Stage will start at Round 2 (quarter-final).
5-8th teams in Group Stage will start at Round 1.
Current participants
Results
See also
League of Legends Championship Series, the top level competition in North America
League of Legends European Championship, the top level competition in Europe
League of Legends Champions Korea, the top level competition in South Korea
References
External links
Official website (Chinese)
Official website (English)
Category:2013 establishments in China
Category:League of Legends competitions
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 2013
Category:Sports competitions in Shanghai
Category:Sports leagues in China
Category:Tencent
Category:Esports competitions in China | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
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2nd Forestry Engineering Division (People's Republic of China)
2nd Forestry Engineering Division() was activated in August 1952. The division was composed of:
Division HQ: former headquarters of 156th Division;
4th Regiment: former 522nd Regiment, 174th Division, 58th Corps;
5th Regiment: organized from former Liangguang Column;
6th Regiment: personnel from the former 159th Division.
The division is a production unit, after its formation the unit moved to Hainan for rubber plantation.
Soon after its arrival in Hainan, the division was demobilized. The division's further fate is unknown.
References
中国人民解放军林业工程部队第二师简介, http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_670e43e40101ed6r.html
Category:Engineer divisions of the People's Liberation Army
Category:Military units and formations established in 1952
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1952 | {
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Karl Ludwig Fridolin von Sandberger
Karl Ludwig Fridolin von Sandberger (22 November 1826 – 12 April 1898), German palaeontologist and geologist, was born at Dillenburg, Nassau, on 22 November 1826. He was educated at the universities of Bonn, Heidelberg and Giessen, at the last of which he graduated Ph.D. in 1846. He then studied at the University of Marburg, where he wrote his first essay, Übersicht der geologischen Verhältnisse des Herzogtums Nassau (1847).
In 1849 he became curator of the Natural History Museum at Wiesbaden, and began to study the Tertiary strata of the Mayence Basin, and also the Devonian fossils of the Rhenish provinces, on which he published elaborate memoirs. In 1855 he was appointed professor of mineralogy and geology at the Polytechnic Institute at Karlsruhe, and he took part in the geological survey of Baden. From 1863 to 1896 he was professor of mineralogy and geology at the University of Würzburg. His great work Die Land- und Süsswasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt was published in 1870-1875. Later he issued an authoritative 2-volume work on mineral veins, Untersuchungen über Erzgänge (1882–1885). He died at Würzburg on 11 April 1898. His brother Guido Sandberger (1821–1869) was an authority on fossil cephalopoda, and together they published Die Versteinerungen des rheinischen Schichtensystems in Nassau (1850–1856). Adolf Sandberger, Fridolin's son, was a noted German musicologist and composer.
Fridolin Sandberger is credited with the first valid description of Laxitextella laxitexta, which is an extinct clam shrimp species named by him Estheria laxitexta.
References
Category:Bavarian nobility
Category:German geologists
Category:German paleontologists
Category:1826 births
Category:1898 deaths
Category:University of Bonn alumni
Category:University of Würzburg faculty
Category:Members of the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rinorea endotricha
Rinorea endotricha is a species of plant in the Violaceae family. It is found in Guyana and Venezuela.
References
endotricha
Category:Near threatened plants
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1923–24 Hong Kong First Division League
The 1923–24 Hong Kong First Division League season was the 16th since its establishment.
Overview
South China won the championship.
References
RSSSF
Hong Kong First Division League
Category:1923 in Hong Kong
Category:1924 in Hong Kong
Category:Hong Kong First Division League seasons
Hong Kong
Hong Kong | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of halls of fame inducting Elvis Presley
This is a list of Halls and Walks of Fame that have inducted Elvis Presley as a member.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Blues Hall of Fame
Country Music Hall of Fame
Rockabilly Hall of Fame
Gospel Hall of Fame
Honky Tonk Hall of Fame
Memphis Music Hall of Fame
Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame
Mississippi Walk of Fame
Shreveport's Walk of Stars
Mississippi Hall of Fame
Mississippi Arts and Entertainment Experience Hall of Fame
The National Rhythm & Blues Music Hall of Fame Museum
UK Music Hall of Fame
Playboy Jazz and Pop Hall of Fame
Hit Parade Hall of Fame
Christian Music Hall of Fame
411 Music Hall of Fame
Memorable Music Hall of Fame
Kenpo Karate Hall of Fame
Martial Arts Hall of Fame
America's Pop Music Hall of Fame
Hollywood Walk of Fame
Las Vegas Walk of Stars
References
Category:Elvis Presley | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hindy Najman
Hindy Najman is an American academic specialising in Jewish studies and the Hebrew Bible. From 2008 to 2012, she was Director of the Centre for Jewish Studies at the University of Toronto. From 2012 to 2015, she was Professor of Religious Studies and Classics at Yale University. Since July 2015, she has been Oriel and Laing Professor of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture at the University of Oxford..
Najman received a PhD from Harvard University in 1998. She received a MA from Harvard as well (1997). Her BA is from Stern College, Yeshiva University where she majored in English Literature and minored in Music Theory and Jewish Studies (1990).
Selected works
References
Category:Living people
Category:Jewish American academics
Category:University of Notre Dame faculty
Category:University of Toronto faculty
Category:Yale University faculty
Category:Oriel and Laing Professors of the Interpretation of Holy Scripture
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:Stern College for Women alumni
Category:Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Female biblical scholars | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Manduvirá River
The Manduvirá River (Spanish, Río Manduvirá) is a river of Paraguay. It is a tributary of the Paraguay River.
See also
List of rivers of Paraguay
References
Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
Category:Rivers of Paraguay
Category:Tributaries of the Paraguay River | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Simon William Lord
Simon William Lord is an English musical composer, record producer and musician. Lord was a member of the group Simian on vocals/guitar and now produces music as Lord Skywave. He is one half of The Black Ghosts, and records with the producer Lukid as Arclight.
Lord Skywave
Lord's 'Lord Skywave' album borrowed from the creativity of his family, using the Lord Skywave synthesizer his father, Jeremy Lord, built and compositions by his grandmother Madeleine Dring. It received very positive reviews, with an 8/10 from NME and 4/5 from Mojo, who described Lord as possessing "nu soul vocal talent to rival Jamie Lidell". Gigwise said the album is "refined, inventive and persistently unyielding". Lord Skywave has been remixed by TRG, Andy George and Various Production who produced a second, unreleased remix.
Discography
Simian (2001–2005) - vocals, guitar
Robert Jesse & Simon Lord - Within/Without (single) (2005)
Justice vs. Simian - We Are Your Friends (single) (2006)
Bent - Intercept! (LP) (2006) 2. To Be Loved (ft. Simon Lord) 7. Waiting For You (ft. Simon Lord) 9. The Handbrake (ft. Simon Lord) 11. After All The Love (ft. Simon Lord)
Garden - Round and Round (LP) (2006)
The Black Ghosts (2006–2009)
Groove Armada - Soundboy Rock (LP) (2007) - 3. The Things That We Could Share (ft. Simon Lord)Lord Skywave – Lord Skywave (LP) (2008)
Lord Skywave – Something (single) (2008)
Roberts & Lord - Eponymous (LP) (2011)
Roberts & Lord - Covers (EP) (2011)
Mole Machine (Simon Lord) - Side A/Side B (Recorded in 2001, Unreleased Demos)-YouTube (2012)
Garden - 13 Unreleased Demo Tracks-YouTube (2012)
Plastic Plates-Things I Didn't Know I Loved (ft. Simon Lord) (single) (2012)Arclight – Holographic (EP) (2012)
Simon Lord - One (LP) (2012)
Arclight – Tumble Down (EP) (2013)
Bent - From The Vaults, 1998-2006 (LP) (2013) Disc One: 12. Translator (ft. Simon Lord), Disc Two: 15. Which Way Will They Turn? (ft. Simon Lord)
"Menace & Lord - Sun, Moon & the Stars (LP)(2014)
Simon Lord - Stripes (LP) (2014)Dillon Francis - Drunk All the Time (ft. Simon Lord) (Single) (2014)
Simon Lord - Marion Lightbody - YouTube (Demos) (EP) (2015)
References
Category:English record producers
Category:Living people
Category:Place of birth missing (living people)
Category:Year of birth missing (living people) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
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