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Sardotsav Sardotsav or Sharadotsav is an annual winter cultural fest held in the western Himalayan towns of India. It is different from Sardotsav celebrated in West Bengal as part of Durga Puja. Sardotsav is a portmanteau of Sarad (winter) and Utsav (festival). Sardotsav festivals of Pithoragarh and Nainital are most prominent. 2014 in Pithoragarh In 2014 Sardotsav took place on the first of November. Some of the key organizers were Chairman Nagar Palika Shri Jagat Singh Khati, District Magistrate Shri Shemwal and Executive Officer of Nagar Palika Pithoragarh. Headliners included Garhwali singer Gajender Sing Rana who contributed "Babli tero Mobile", a Garhwali song, Duplicate Dev Anand Kishore Bhanushali , Bollywood singer Nupur Pant, and Lata Mangeshkar of Uttarakhand Meena Rana who sung Garhwali and Kumaoni songs. Schools from different parts of the district also performed folk dances and songs. Various competitions like Quiz and Mehndi were held. References Category:Festivals in India Category:Himalayan culture Category:Winter festivals	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sharpe's Siege (TV programme) Sharpe's Siege is a British television drama, the tenth of a series that follows the career of Richard Sharpe, a British soldier during the Napoleonic Wars. The adaptation is based on the novel of the same name by Bernard Cornwell. Plot summary In 1813, the war turns in favour of the British. Lord Wellington (Hugh Fraser) is poised to invade southern France after triumphing in Spain. The Comte de Maquerre (Christian Brendel), a French nobleman, offers to raise a rebellion in Bordeaux against Napoleon. Major General Ross (James Laurenson), is unconvinced, as his spies have reported no discontent in the region, but agrees that a brigade can be sent as a probe if the Comte can provide a secure base; he offers a family castle, though he admits that it is garrisoned. Wellington is forced to put a young, inexperienced Colonel Horace Bampfylde (Christopher Villiers) (the son of a general Wellington needs to placate) in charge of the expedition, instead of Major Sharpe (Sean Bean). Sharpe is reluctant to go, as he has just married Jane Gibbons (Abigail Cruttenden) and she has come down with a deadly fever. Without quinine, her prognosis is bleak, but he is a soldier and he has his orders. Bampfylde botches the initial assault on the fortress and is driven back with heavy casualties. Disgusted, Sharpe and his men gain entry to the castle at night by a ruse, pretending to be a French patrol, and capture the place. The Comte is reunited with his sister (Amira Casar) and gravely ill mother. For his trouble, Sharpe is sent by Bampfylde on a useless reconnaissance in order to grab the credit for himself. While Sharpe is away, the Comte brings the "Mayor of Bordeaux" to Bampfylde who confirms that Bordeaux is ripe for rebellion, however the Comte is in league with Napoleon and the mayor is in fact Napoleon's agent and Sharpe's old enemy Major Ducos (Féodor Atkine). Ducos also tells Bampfylde that Sharpe was ambushed and killed by a French column. Now convinced that his mission is a success and there's no further reason to stay, Bampfylde is convinced by the Comte to demolish the front gates, blow up the captured ammunition, abandon the wounded, and return to Wellington immediately with the wonderful news. Sharpe's patrol meanwhile ambushes and annihilates a French column of reinforcements, and captures a resupply cart and a doctor bringing quinine for the Comte's mother. Resisting the temptation to save it for his wife, Sharpe allows it to be given to the ailing woman. Rifleman Robinson (Danny Cunningham) is found with a local French girl. Sharpe is required to hang him by Wellington's standing orders, but when the girl says she had been willing, Sharpe reduces the sentence to a beating from Sergeant Harper (Daragh O'Malley). Meanwhile, they question the locals and find them fiercely loyal to Napoleon and conclude that the Comte's rebellion is a sham. Hearing the explosion from the castle's magazine, Sharpe and his men hurry back. When he gets a description of the mayor, he realises he has been trapped by Major Ducos. Not only will Wellington be tricked into advancing into an ambush, but Ducos will have his own personal revenge on Sharpe. French General Calvet (Olivier Pierre) arrives with a sizable, but inexperienced, force. Under a flag of truce, the Comte reveals himself to be Napoleon's agent, and offers to let the British go free provided they leave Sharpe behind; Robinson replies for them all, "Fight them to the finish, sir." Sharpe turns them down. In a shooting contest, sharpshooters mortally wound the Comte in the back at long range as he returns from the parley. Sharpe and his men only have 18 rounds a man. Earlier, out of gratitude for Sharpe providing her mother with quinine, the Comte's sister had told them to burn a cellar full of oyster shells to produce lime. The French attack, but are met by accurate volley shooting. With the British ammunition running low, Sharpe's men dump powdered lime from the walls, blinding their foes as they enter the castle. The British form ranks and proceed to massacre the blinded Frenchmen. The French retreat just as the British run out of ammunition. Then, a messenger arrives from Marshal Soult, Calvet's superior, wondering why he wasn't guarding the flank when Wellington attacked... fifty miles away. The wily British commander had been suspicious and so only ever intended the uprising to be a distraction while he attacked elsewhere. General Calvet hurries away, leaving Sharpe victorious. When Sharpe gets back, Bampfylde is placed under arrest for cowardice and other charges. Sharpe is astounded to find his wife well; she tells him that Wellington had gone to some lengths to obtain quinine for her. Cast Sean Bean – Major Richard Sharpe Daragh O'Malley – Sergeant Major Patrick Harper Abigail Cruttenden – Jane Gibbons Hugh Fraser – Lord Wellington James Laurenson – Major General Ross Féodor Atkine – Major Pierre Ducos Christian Brendel – Compte de Maquerre Christopher Villiers – Colonel Horace Bampfylde Amira Casar – Catherine Philip Whitchurch – Capt. William Frederickson James Ryland – Capt. Neil Palmer Olivier Pierre – General Calvet Danny Cunningham – Rifleman Robinson Sylvester Morand – Colonel Henri Lassan John Tams – Rifleman Daniel Hagman Jason Salkey – Rifleman Harris John Tordoff – Dr. Kenefick Jim McManus – Smithers J.D. Kelleher – Rifleman Reilly Nicola Murray – Brigitte Stéphane Cornicard – French Colonel Diana Perez – Ramona External links Category:1996 British television episodes Category:1990s historical films Category:1990s war films Category:Films based on British novels Category:Films based on historical novels Category:Films based on military novels Category:Napoleonic Wars films Siege Category:War television films Category:Cultural depictions of the Duke of Wellington Category:Fiction set in 1813	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of Horn Book Magazine editors This is a chronological list of editors of Horn Book Magazine. Bertha Mahony Miller Bertha Mahony Miller was the founding editor of Horn Book. She served in that post from 1924 to 1951. Jennie Lindquist Jennie D. Lindquist served as editor from 1951 to 1958. Before that, she held the title of managing editor under Bertha Mahony Miller. Ruth Hill Viguers Ruth Hill Viguers was the editor from 1958 to 1967. She was known to write stories concerning social realism. Paul Heins Paul Heins served as editor from 1967 to 1974 and was also a noted book critic. Before his tenure as editor, Heins was a teacher at the Boston English High School. During his editorship, he created the controversial Eleanor Cameron vs. Roald Dahl segment. He was also the author of two books: one being a retelling of Snow White illustrated by Trina Schart Hyman and the other Crosscurrents of Criticism: Horn Book Essays, 1968-1977. Ethel Heins Ethel L. Heins served as editor from 1974 to 1985. She added the sections "A Second Look" and "Out of Print — But Look in Your Library". Ms. Heins also wrote the book The Cat and the Cook and Other Fables of Krylov. She became editor as of the Magazine's 50th Anniversary edition. Anita Silvey Anita Silvey was editor of the magazine from 1985 to 1995, when she left to become the vice-president of Houghton Mifflin. Roger Sutton Roger Sutton became editor in 1996 and is the current editor as of 2019. References Horn	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Avraham Goldberg Avraham Goldberg (Hebrew: אברהם גולדברג, January 22, 1913 – April 13, 2012) was an Israeli talmud scholar. Life Goldberg was born in Pittsburgh, and was educated at yeshivot Torah V'Daat and Chafetz Chaim, as well as at the University of Pittsburgh, where he studied English literature. He was ordained at the Jewish Theological Seminary in 1941. After serving as a chaplain in the United States armed forces during World War II, Goldberg moved to Israel to study at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, where he remained until his retirement. In 1952 Goldberg received a PhD in Talmud from Hebrew University, with a critical edition of Massechet Ohalot serving as his dissertation. After graduation, Goldberg served at the Hebrew University as professor and professor emeritus of Talmud, as well as chair of the Talmud department. He also served as visiting professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary and University of Pennsylvania. Books Goldberg published four books: Critical editions of the Mishnah for Massechtot Oholot, Shabbat, Eruvin, and an analytic study of Tosefta Bava Kamma. He also published many articles in scholarly journals. Goldberg was married to Rivka Abramowitz. Awards In 1955, Goldberg was awarded the Rav Kook Prize from the city of Tel Aviv for his dissertation. In 2000, he was awarded the Israel Prize in Talmudic studies. References See also List of Israel Prize recipients Category:1913 births Category:2012 deaths Category:Talmudists Category:Israel Prize in Talmud studies recipients Category:People from Pittsburgh	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tijarafe Tijarafe is a town and a municipality on the island of La Palma, Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. It is situated in the northwestern part of the island. The population of the municipality is 2,776 (2013) and the area is 53.76 km². Tijarafe is 7 km northwest of Los Llanos de Aridane and 19 km west of the island capital Santa Cruz de La Palma. The eastern border of the municipality is formed by the crater rim of the Caldera de Taburiente and its outflow, the Barranco de las Angustias. Tijarafe was the name of one of the twelve old areas where the Guanches used to settle before the Spanish conquest. It corresponded with the present municipalities Tijarafe and Puntagorda. Historical population See also List of municipalities in Santa Cruz de Tenerife References Category:Municipalities in La Palma	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
FAI World Grand Prix FAI World Grand Prix is a Grand Prix aerobatics series led by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. From 1990 to 1995, the competition was named as the Breitling Series. List of events and results See also Red Bull Air Race References External links Official site of FAI World Grand Prix Official site of Haute Voltige, organisators of FAI World Grand Prix Category:Air sports Category:Aerobatic competitions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Country Foods Country Foods is Belize's main supplier of eggs. It is located in the heart of Spanish Lookout. Country Foods has six delivery trucks, delivering eggs, rice, beans, corn and minza countrywide. History In 1958 the Mennonites moved to Belize from Mexico, searching a country of freedom. Not long after that they started raising hens and marketing eggs countrywide. At first they sold the eggs at Farmers Trading Center but in 1997 they split up and started a separate company, Country Foods. In 2014 a disease invaded the country and thousands of hens were slaughtered, raising the egg price. Then on a windy day at 1500 on February 10, 2016, an employee lit the trash near the building. The flames rose high into the air and the breeze carried sparks into the building igniting a huge flame. The Spanish Lookout Fire Department and BNE water trucks battled the flames until nightfall. By the time the fire was contained all the warehouse and its contents had been burnt and destroyed. References Category:Belizean brands Category:Food and drink companies of Belize Category:Eggs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Neojanacus perplexus Neojanacus perplexus is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Hipponicidae, the hoof shells or hoof snails. References Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 External links TePapa photo of holotype Category:Hipponicidae Category:Gastropods of New Zealand Category:Gastropods described in 1907	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tayto (Northern Ireland) Tayto (Northern Ireland) Limited is a manufacturer of crisps and corn snacks based in Tandragee, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. They describe themselves as the third largest snack manufacturer in the UK. It employs 300 people at its plant beside Tandragee Castle (called "Tayto Castle" as part of the advertising for the snacks) and remains the largest selling brand of crisps in Northern Ireland and the third biggest crisp and snack business in the United Kingdom. It owns the Golden Wonder, Ringos, Mr. Porky, Real Crisps, and Jonathan Crisp brands. The Northern Irish Tayto are also sold in many outlets in East Donegal and Inishowen. History Tayto (Northern Ireland) was formed in 1956 by the Hutchinson family and licensed the name and recipes of Tayto Crisps in the Republic of Ireland. The two companies operate entirely separately but have a similar range of products. On 13 January 2006 it was announced that Tayto (NI) was to acquire the Corby and Scunthorpe sites of the former Golden Wonder business and the contract to produce Mini Pringles for Procter & Gamble. This secured some 195 jobs out of 350 that were under threat following Golden Wonder's entry into administration on 9 January 2006. In December 2007, Tayto acquired Sirhowy Valley Foods Ltd, makers of the Real Crisps range. On the 14 March 2008 it was announced that Tayto would acquire Red Mill Snack foods, making it the 3rd largest crisp manufacturer in the UK. Most of the Red Mill brands were transferred under the Golden Wonder umbrella but Mr. Porky's pork scratchings continue to be produced under Tayto, from the plant in Westhoughton, Bolton. On the 21 January 2009 it was announced that Tayto has acquired Jonathan Crisp, the trading name of Natural Crisps Ltd, based in Staffordshire, England. The headquarters of the Tayto group, which is privately owned by the Hutchinson family, are in County Armagh, it now has a turnover of £150 million per annum and employs more than 1,400 people. Range Like its counterpart in the Republic of Ireland, Tayto's signature brand is Cheese and Onion flavour crisps. They also sell beef & onion, ready salted, smoky bacon, salt & vinegar, worcester sauce, prawn cocktail, spring onion, roast chicken and pickled onion flavoured crisps. Most Northern Irish Tayto are vegetarian-friendly Palm oil usage Tayto NI have a low score on the Palm Oil Buyers Scorecard, which is a measure of the sustainability of palm oil buyers endorsed by the World Wildlife Foundation. Tayto NI scored only 1 point out of 9 in the 2016 Scorecard. The score reflects a lack of transparency in their palm oil sourcing activity, despite being a member of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. References External links Category:Brand name potato chips and crisps Category:Brand name snack foods Category:British snack foods Category:Cuisine of Northern Ireland Category:Food and drink companies of Northern Ireland Category:Food manufacturers of the United Kingdom	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pärase Pärase is a village in Muhu Parish, Saare County in western Estonia. References Category:Villages in Saare County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dimitris Karamanolis Dimitris Karamanolis (alternate spelling: Dimitrios) (Greek: Δημήτρης Καραμανώλης; born August 23, 1998) is a Greek professional basketball player for PAOK of the Greek Basket League. He is a 1.98 m (6'6") tall shooting guard-small forward. Professional career After playing with the junior youth clubs of PAOK Thessaloniki for 5 years, Karamanolis started his pro career with the senior men's team of PAOK, in the summer of 2016, after he signed a 4-year contract with the club. On September 12, 2018, Karamanolis was loaned to Kastoria for the 2018-19 season. Personal Karamanolis' father, Apostolos Karamanolis, is a basketball coach, and he played professional basketball with the Greek Basket League club Panionios, in the 1980s. Moreover, his uncle, Theodoros Karamanolis, played in 141 games in the Greek League, with Panionios and Dafni. References External links FIBA Champions League Profile Eurobasket.com Profile Greek Basket League Profile Greek Basket League Profile PAOK Profile Category:1998 births Category:Living people Category:Greek men's basketball players Category:PAOK B.C. players Category:Shooting guards Category:Small forwards	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ivan Nelipčić Ivan Nelipčić (, 1344–1379) or Ivan II Nelipić, was a Croatian magnate, the knez of Cetina, gospodar of Sinj, a member of the Nelipić family. He was the son of Ivan Nelipić (d. 1344) and Vladislava Kurjaković. With Margareta Merini from Split, he had a son, knez Ivaniš, and daughter, Jelena. References Category:1344 births Category:1379 deaths Category:14th-century Croatian people Category:Medieval Croatian nobility Category:Nelipić Category:History of Dalmatia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Lunokhod programme Lunokhod (, "Moonwalker") was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world. The 1969 Lunokhod 1A (Lunokhod 0, Lunokhod No. 201) was destroyed during launch, the 1970 Lunokhod 1 and the 1973 Lunokhod 2 landed on the Moon, and Lunokhod 3 (Lunokhod No. 205, planned for 1977) was never launched. The successful missions were in operation concurrently with the Zond and Luna series of Moon flyby, orbiter and landing missions. The Lunokhods were primarily designed to support the Soviet manned Moon missions during the Moon race. Instead, they were used as remote-controlled robots for exploration of the lunar surface and return its pictures after the successful Apollo manned lunar landings and cancellation of the Soviet manned Moon programme. The Lunokhods were transported to the lunar surface by Luna spacecraft, which were launched by Proton-K rockets. The Moon lander part of the Luna spacecraft for Lunokhods was similar to the one for sample-return missions. The Lunokhods were designed by Alexander Kemurdzhian at Lavochkin. Not until the 1997 Mars Pathfinder was another remote-controlled vehicle put on an extraterrestrial body. In 2010, nearly forty years after the 1971 loss of signal from Lunokhod 1, the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter photographed its tracks and final location, and researchers, using a telescopic pulsed-laser rangefinder, detected the robot's retroreflector. Development Lunokhod's original primary mission was the back-up for L3 manned Moon expeditions and for the later Zvezda lunar base. For mission safety, weeks before the manned mission on LK lander, an LK-R lander in unmanned L3 lunar expedition complex and two Lunokhod automated rovers would be sent to the Moon for preliminary study of surface around LK-R and LK sites, for work as radio beacons for precision landings of LK-R and LK, and for visual estimate of status of them. LK-R used as a reserve escape craft in case of disability to start from Moon of LK and Lunokhods used by cosmonaut for transfer to LK-R in necessity and for regular research. This manned version of Lunokhod were additionally equipped with oxygen stock with hose socket, standing pads and manual control for the cosmonaut in front part. In mid-1968, at the facility KIP-10 or NIP-10 (КИП-10 or НИП-10) in the secret village Shkolnoye (:ru:Школьное (Крым) - closed town Simferopol-28), near Simferopol, a lunodrom (лунодром - Moondrome) was built. It covered an area of one hectare (120 meters by 70 meters) and was very similar to some parts of the lunar surface. It was constructed using more than 3,000 cubic meters of soil, and included 54 craters up to 16 m in diameter and around about 160 rocks of various sizes. The whole area was surrounded with bricks, painted in gray and black. It was used to analyze problems with the Lunokhod chassis and cosmonaut's skill to control one. Closed town Simferopol-28 contained the most significant tracking facility in the Soviet Union, having the largest number of antennas, the largest area, and the most personnel of any of the Soviet tracking facilities. The facility was one of a network of ten facilities which contain earth satellite vehicle tracking equipment and provide command/control for Soviet near-space civil and military events. Additionally, this facility supported all lunar programmes of the Soviet Union, in association with the Evpatoria Deep Space Tracking Facility. At least four complete vehicles were constructed, with the serial numbers 201, 203, 204 and 205. Lunokhod 201 After years of secret engineering development and training, the first Lunokhod (vehicle 8ЕЛ№201) was launched on February 19, 1969. Within a few seconds the rocket disintegrated and the first Lunokhod was lost. The rest of the world did not learn of the rocket's valuable payload until years later. The failure resulted in the radioactive heat source, polonium 210, being spread over a large region of Russia. Lunokhod 1 After the destruction of the original Lunokhod, Soviet engineers began work immediately on another lunar vehicle. Lunokhod 1 (vehicle 8ЕЛ№203) was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers successfully landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of its Lunokhod programme. The spacecraft which carried Lunokhod 1 was named Luna 17. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world. Luna 17 was launched on November 10, 1970 at 14:44:01 UTC. After reaching Earth parking orbit, the final stage of Luna 17s launching rocket fired to place it into a trajectory towards the Moon (November 10, 1970 at 14:54 UTC). After two course correction manoeuvres (on November 12 and 14) it entered lunar orbit on November 15, 1970 at 22:00 UTC. The spacecraft soft-landed on the Moon in the Sea of Rains on November 17, 1970 at 03:47 UTC. The lander had dual ramps from which the payload, Lunokhod 1, could descend to the surface. At 06:28 UT the rover moved down the ramps and onto the Moon. To be able to work in a vacuum a special fluoride based lubricant was used for the rover's mechanical parts, and the electric motors, one in each wheel hub, were enclosed in pressurised containers. The rover ran during the lunar day, stopping occasionally to recharge its batteries using its solar panels. At night, it hibernated until the next sunrise, heated by the radioisotope heater unit. Rover description Lunokhod 1 was a lunar vehicle formed of a tub-like compartment with a large convex lid on eight independently-powered wheels. Its length was 2.3 metres. It was equipped with a cone-shaped antenna, a highly directional helical antenna, four television cameras, and special extendable devices to impact the lunar soil for density measurements and mechanical property tests. An X-ray spectrometer, X-ray telescope, Cosmic Ray Detector, and a laser device were also included. The vehicle was powered by batteries which were recharged during the lunar day by a solar cell array mounted on the underside of the lid. During the lunar nights, the lid was closed and a polonium-210 heat source kept the internal components at operating temperature. The rover stood 135 cm (4 ft 5 in) high and had a mass of 840 kg (1,850 lb). It was about 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) long and 160 cm (4 ft 11 in) wide and had eight wheels each with an independent suspension, motor and brake. The rover had two speeds, approximately . Payload The rover's payload included cameras (two television and four panoramic telephotometers), a RIFMA X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, an RT-1 X-ray telescope, a PrOP odometer/penetrometer, a RV-2N radiation detector, and a TL laser retroreflector. Lunokhod 2 Lunokhod 2 (vehicle 8ЕЛ№204) was the second and more advanced of the two Lunokhod rovers. The launcher put the spacecraft into Earth parking orbit on January 8, 1973, followed by a translunar injection. On January 12, 1973, Luna 21 was braked into a lunar orbit. The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon to deploy the second Soviet lunar rover, Lunokhod 2. The primary objectives of the mission were to collect images of the lunar surface, examine ambient light levels to determine the feasibility of astronomical observations from the Moon, perform laser ranging experiments from Earth, observe solar X-rays, measure local magnetic fields, and study mechanical properties of the lunar surface material. The landing occurred on January 15, 1973 at 23:35 UT in Le Monnier crater (25.85 degrees N, 30.45 degrees E). After landing the Lunokhod 2 took television images of the surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at 01:14 UT on 1973-01-16. It then took pictures of the Luna 21 lander and landing site. Rover description The rover was equipped with three slow-scan television cameras, one mounted high on the rover for navigation, which could return high resolution images at different rates—3.2, 5.7, 10.9 or 21.1 seconds per frame (not frames per second). These images were used by the five-man team of controllers on Earth who sent driving commands to the rover in real time. There were four panoramic cameras mounted on the rover. Power was supplied by a solar panel on the inside of a round hinged lid which covered the instrument bay, which would charge the batteries when opened. A polonium-210 radioactive heat source was used to keep the rover warm during the long lunar nights. Scientific instruments included a soil mechanics tester, solar X-ray experiment, an astrophotometer to measure visible and ultraviolet light levels, a magnetometer deployed in front of the rover on the end of a 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) boom, a radiometer, a photodetector (Rubin-1) for laser detection experiments, and a French-supplied laser corner reflector. Payload Cameras (three television and four panoramic telephotometers) RIFMA-M X-ray fluorescence spectrometer X-ray telescope PROP odometer/penetrometer RV-2N-LS radiation detector TL laser retroreflector AF-3L UV/visible astrophotometer SG-70A magnetometer Rubin 1 photodetector Lunokhod 3 Lunokhod 3 (vehicle 8ЕЛ№205) was built for a Moon landing in 1977 as Luna 25, but never flew to the Moon due to lack of launchers and funding. It remains at the NPO Lavochkin museum. Results During its 322 Earth days of operations, Lunokhod 1 travelled and returned more than 20,000 television images and 206 high-resolution panoramas. In addition, it performed twenty-five soil analyses with its RIFMA x-ray fluorescence spectrometer and used its penetrometer at 500 different locations. Lunokhod 2 operated for about four months, covered of terrain, including driving into hilly upland areas and rilles. Lunokhod 2 held the record for the longest distance of surface travel of any extraterrestrial vehicle until 2014. It sent back 86 panoramic images and over 80,000 television pictures. Many mechanical tests of the Moon's surface, laser ranging measurements, and other experiments were completed during this time. For comparison, the similarly sized NASA Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity had, by their fifth anniversary in January 2009, traveled a total of and transmitted over 125,000 images. Chernobyl legacy According to a French documentary television film Tank on the Moon by Jean Afanassieff, the Lunokhod design returned to the limelight 15 years later due to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster on April 26, 1986. The East German-built remote controlled bulldozers available to Soviet civil defense troops weighed dozens of tons too heavy to operate on the remaining parts of the partially collapsed reactor building roof. Human labourers could not be employed to shovel debris since work shifts were limited to 90-second intervals due to intense ionizing radiation. Lunokhod designers were called back from retirement, and in two weeks rovers were made which used nuclear decay heat sources for internal rack climate control, their electronic systems were already hardened to partly resist radiation. This benefit allowed the 1986 designers to quickly devise a derived vehicle type for nuclear disaster recovery work. On July 15, two rovers, called STR-1, were delivered to the Chernobyl accident zone and proved useful for clearing debris, earning awards for the designers. Due to extremely high radiation levels, both STR-1 rovers eventually failed, and human workers (later named liquidators) were called in once again. Locations and ownership Until 2010, the final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain by a few kilometers. Lunar laser ranging experiments had failed to detect a return signal from its retroreflector since the 1970s. On March 17, 2010, Albert Abdrakhimov found both the lander and the rover in Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter image M114185541RC. On April 22, Tom Murphy (UCSD) and Russet McMillan at the Apache Point Observatory detected the robot's retroreflector using the Apache Point telescopic pulsed-laser rangefinder. Lunokhod 2 continues to be detected by lunar laser ranging experiments and its position is known to sub-metre accuracy. Ownership of Lunokhod 2 and the Luna 21 lander was sold by the Lavochkin Association for in December 1993 at a Sotheby's auction in New York (although the catalogue incorrectly lists lot 68A as Luna 17/Lunokhod 1). The buyer was computer gaming entrepreneur and astronaut's son Richard Garriott, who is also known by the name of his gaming character Lord British. Garriott stated in a 2001 interview: "I purchased Lunakod 21 from the Russians. I am now the world's only private owner of an object on a foreign celestial body. Though there are international treaties that say no government shall lay claim to geography off planet earth, I am not a government. Summarily, I claim the Moon in the name of Lord British!" In 2007, Garriott said he is still the owner of Lunokhod 2. See also Exploration of the Moon Google Lunar X PRIZE Mars Exploration Rovers Mars Pathfinder Tank on the Moon References Further reading External links Lunar and Planetary Department Moscow University Exploring the Moon (1969-1976) - a diary of significant events in Soviet lunar exploration, including those associated with the Lunokhod programme Don P. Mitchell's catalog of Soviet Moon Images including many from the Lunokhod programme Lunakhod article at Lunarpedia Tests of breadboard models of lunokhods on Moonodrome(лунодром - Moondrome in Russian) near Simferopol in 1969 Remote control lunokhods and planetrovers Crews lunokhods Details of the cameras used in the Lunokhods (about half way down the page, or search the page for "Lunokhod") Russian lunar rover at the science museum London 2015. Russian lunar rover side view. Russian lunar rover wheel motor picture. Category:Missions to the Moon Category:Lunar rovers Category:Soviet lunar program	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Étienne Daille Étienne Daille (born 19 September 1989 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a French slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2007. Daille won the overall World Cup title in the K1 class in 2012. He won a bronze medal in the K1 team event at the 2013 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Prague. He also won two medals (1 gold and 1 silver) in the K1 team event at the European Championships. At the 2012 Summer Olympics he competed in the K1 event, finishing 13th in the heats and qualifying for the semifinals. He qualified for the final with the 10th fastest time. In the final he ranked 7th, with a gap of +8.44 behind the winner. Son of a French father and Czech mother, both athletes, Daille grew up in Pays du Bugey. World Cup individual podiums References External links Category:French male canoeists Category:1989 births Category:Living people Category:Olympic canoeists of France Category:Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics Category:French people of Czech descent Category:Czech people of French descent Category:Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Meriton Grand Hotel Tallinn Park Inn by Radisson Meriton Conference & Spa Hotel Tallinn is a four-star hotel in Tallinn, Estonia, to the west of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. The hotel was established in 1999. Its restaurant is noted for its international and Belgian cuisine and is considered one of the finest in the city. The hotel has 465 guestrooms, of which 157 are "classic" rooms, 280 standard, 12 triple, 13 junior suites, 2 suites with sauna and a Grand suite with both a sauna and jacuzzi. References External links Official site Category:Hotels in Tallinn Category:Restaurants in Tallinn Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1999 Category:Hotels established in 1999 Category:1999 establishments in Estonia	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Centre for Culture and Technology Centre for Culture and Technology may refer to: former name of the McLuhan Program in Culture and Technology The Centre for Culture and Technology (CCAT) at Curtin University	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2011 Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold The 2011 Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold was a badminton tournament which took place at the Chulalongkorn University Sport Complex in Bangkok, Thailand on 7–12 June 2011 and had a total purse of $120,000. Men's singles Seeds Chen Long (Champion) Boonsak Ponsana (Third Round) Park Sung-hwan (Semifinals) Chen Jin (Semifinals) Marc Zwiebler (First Round) Lee Hyun-il (Final) Hu Yun (Second Round) Rajiv Ouseph (First Round) Son Wan-ho (First Round) Wang Zhengming (Quarterfinals) Tommy Sugiarto (Third Round) Wong Wing Ki (First Round) Brice Leverdez (Third Round) Parupalli Kashyap (Quarterfinals) Dicky Palyama (First Round) Wong Choong Hann (Quarterfinals) Finals Women's singles Seeds Saina Nehwal (Quarterfinals) Jiang Yanjiao (Final) Bae Yeon-ju (Quarterfinals) Porntip Buranaprasertsuk (Semifinals) Juliane Schenk (Quarterfinals) Cheng Shao-chieh (Semifinals) Li Xuerui (Champion) Sung Ji-hyun (Quarterfinals) Finals Men's doubles Seeds Jung Jae-sung / Lee Yong-dae (Champion) Ko Sung-hyun / Yoo Yeon-seong (Semifinals) Fang Chieh-min / Lee Sheng-mu (Quarterfinals) Alvent Yulianto Chandra / Hendra Aprida Gunawan (Final) Chai Biao / Guo Zhendong (Quarterfinals) Cho Gun-woo / Kwon Yi-goo (First Round) Ingo Kindervater / Johannes Schoettler (Quarterfinals) Howard Bach / Tony Gunawan (Semifinals) Finals Women's doubles Seeds Duanganong Aroonkesorn / Kunchala Voravichitchaikul (First Round) Shinta Mulia Sari / Yao Lei (First Round) Lotte Jonathans / Paulien van Dooremalen (First Round) Sandra Marinello / Birgit Michels (Second Round) Tian Qing / Zhao Yunlei (Champion) Ha Jung-eun / Kim Min-jung (Second Round) Cheng Shu / Bao Yixin (Final) Jwala Gutta / Ashwini Ponnappa (First Round) Finals Mixed doubles Seeds Sudket Prapakamol / Saralee Thoungthongkam (Quarterfinals) Songphon Anugritayawon / Kunchala Voravichitchaikul (Quarterfinals) Michael Fuchs / Birgit Michels (Second Round) Lee Sheng-mu / Chien Yu-chin (Champion) Xu Chen / Ma Jin (Semifinals) Chan Peng Soon / Goh Liu Ying (Withdrew) Lee Yong-dae / Ha Jung-eun (Quarterfinals) Nova Widianto / Vita Marissa (Final) Finals References External links Tournament Link Category:Thailand Open (badminton) Thailand Open Grand Prix Gold Category:Sports competitions in Bangkok	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Noggin Noggin may refer to: General Noggin or gill (volume), a unit of volume Noggin (cup), a small cup Noggin, slang for head Noggin (protein), a signalling molecule involved in embryonic development Noggin or dwang, a carpentry term Entertainment Noggin (brand), an entertainment brand that includes a television network, mobile applications, and international programming blocks Noggin the Nog, a popular BBC children's character and TV series (1959 to 1965), and a series of children's books Noggin (magazine), an American magazine that published art, fiction, cartoons, plus social and political commentary	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1992 State of the Union Address The 1992 State of the Union Address was given by the 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, on Tuesday, January 28, 1992, at 9 p.m. EST, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives to the 102nd United States Congress. It was Bush's third and final State of the Union Address and his fourth and final speech to a joint session of the United States Congress. Presiding over this joint session was the House Speaker, Tom Foley, accompanied by Dan Quayle, the Vice President of the United States. This was the last State of the Union address by President Bush, who lost his re-election bid to Bill Clinton in the 1992 election. The president discussed the collapse of the Soviet Union, Operation Desert Storm, military spending cuts, nuclear disarmament, economic recovery (high unemployment remained from the early 1990s recession), several types of tax cuts and credits, and controlling government spending. Bush listed a nine-point, long-term plan advocating: free trade school choice research and development tax credits and emerging technologies funding anti-crime legislation inner city development privatized health care reform reduction of the federal budget deficit Congress to act on various existing reform proposals efforts to strengthen families Seeing increased division in American media and politics, Bush denounced election-year partisanship and described the popular sentiment as a passing mood. The speech lasted 51 minutes and consisted of 5,012 words. The Democratic Party response was delivered by the Speaker of the House, Representative Tom Foley of Washington. Foley, speaking for 12 minutes, criticized Bush's economic recovery plans as being the same as those that led to the recession and argued for more support of the middle class instead of wealthier Americans. Edward Madigan, the Secretary of Agriculture, served as the designated survivor. See also 1992 United States presidential election References External links (full transcript), The American Presidency Project, UC Santa Barbara. (full video and audio), Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. Transcript of the Democratic Party response, New York Times 1992 State of the Union Address (video) at C-SPAN 1992 State of the Union Response (video) at C-SPAN State Union 1992 Category:State of the Union addresses Category:102nd United States Congress State of the Union Address State of the Union Address State of the Union Address Category:January 1992 events in the United States	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Harry Chiti Harry Chiti (pronounced ) (November 16, 1932 – January 31, 2002) was an American catcher in Major League Baseball. From 1950 through 1962, he played for the Chicago Cubs, Kansas City Athletics, Detroit Tigers and New York Mets. Chiti batted and threw right-handed. He was the father of major league coach Dom Chiti. Career A competent defensive catcher with a great ability to handle the knuckleball, Chiti was only 17 years old when he broke into the majors with the Chicago Cubs, making infrequent appearances from 1950 to 1952. After two years in the United States Army during the Korean War, Chiti returned to Chicago and handled the starting job in 1955, batting .231 with 11 home runs and 41 RBI in a career-high 113 games. In 1956, Chiti shared catching duties with Hobie Landrith. On May 30 (Memorial Day) he made an entry for himself in Cubs trivia, during the second game of a windblown doubleheader against the Milwaukee Braves, in which 39 runs were scored overall. While being intentionally walked, Chiti hit Ray Crone's pitch, delivered a little too close to the outside corner of the plate, into the right field corner for a triple. At season's end, he was sent to the 1956 World Series champion New York Yankees but never saw any action with the Bronx Bombers. He was drafted by the Kansas City Athletics from New York in the 1957 Rule 5 draft. Chiti played with the Athletics from 1958 to 1960. The next three years, he was part of transactions between the A's, Detroit Tigers, Baltimore Orioles and Cleveland Indians. On April 25, 1962—before he played a game for the Indians—Chiti was acquired by the expansion New York Mets for a player to be named later. However, he was sent back to the Indians on June 15, 1962, after 15 games and a .195 batting average. Since Chiti was the "player to be named later"; he became the first MLB player to be traded for himself. Three other players have been traded for themselves: Dickie Noles, Brad Gulden, and John McDonald. Chiti never played another major league game, spending two more years at Triple-A before retiring in 1964. Harry Chiti died on January 31, 2002, at Heart of Florida Hospital in Haines City at the age of 69. He was survived by his wife Catherine; his daughter Cindy; his son Harry, a former minor league pitcher; and eight grandchildren. He is buried at Rolling Hills Cemetery in Winter Haven. References External links Baseball Library Encyclopedia of Baseball Catchers Retrosheet Rule V Draft Ultimate Mets Database Category:1932 births Category:2002 deaths Category:American military personnel of the Korean War Category:Baseball players from Illinois Category:Cangrejeros de Santurce (baseball) players Category:Caribbean Series players Category:Chicago Cubs players Category:Denver Bears players Category:Des Moines Bruins players Category:Detroit Tigers players Category:Indios de Oriente players Category:Jacksonville Suns players Category:Kansas City Athletics players Category:Major League Baseball catchers Category:New York Mets players Category:People from Christian County, Illinois Category:Richmond Virginians (minor league) players Category:Rochester Red Wings players Category:Springfield Cubs players Category:Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ambilineality Ambilineality is a cognatic descent system in which individuals may be affiliated either to their father's or mother's group. This type of descent results in descent groups which are non-unilineal in the sense that descent passes either through women or men, contrary to unilineal systems, whether patrilineal or matrilineal. Affiliation to a descent group will be determined either by choice or by residence. In the latter case, children will belong to the descent group with whom their parents are living. Societies practicing ambilineal descent are especially common in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Polynesian cultures and Micronesian cultures are often ambilineal, including, for example, Samoans, Māori, Hawaiians and people of the Gilbert Islands. The indigenous peoples of Northwestern North America are also followers of ambilineality; and it is also found among the Southern Yoruba people residing in West Africa. References Bibliography Firth, Raymond. (1963) “Bilateral Descent Groups: An Operational Viewpoint.” In Studies in Kinship and Marriage. Dedicated to Brenda Z. Seligman on Her 80th Birthday., edited by Isaac Schapera, 22–37. London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain & Ireland. Firth, Raymond. (1929) Primitive Economics of the New Zealand Maori. New York: E.P. Dutton. Goodenough, Ward H. (1970) Description and Comparison in Cultural Anthropology. Chicago: Aldine :55-58. Lambert, B. (1966) “Ambilineal Descent Groups in the Northern Gilbert Islands1.” American Anthropologist 68 (3): 641–664. Lloyd, P.C. (1966) “Agnatic and Cognatic Descent Among the Yoruba.” Man 1 (4): 484–500. Ramirez, Philippe. (2014) People of the Margins: Across Ethnic Boundaries in North-East India. Guwahati: Spectrum:88-98. See also Hawaiian kinship Unilineality Family Cultural anthropology Category:Kinship and descent	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kace Bartley Kace Bartley (born 9 July 1997 in London) is an English professional squash player. As of February 2018, she was ranked number 93 in the world. She has competed in many professional PSA tournaments and won the 2017 Solent Classic. She has also competed in the Squash Premier League. References Category:1997 births Category:Living people Category:English female squash players	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Norton Fitzwarren Norton Fitzwarren is a village, electoral ward, and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated north west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district. The village has a population of 3,046. History The village is on the southern slope of Norton Camp, a large hillfort that shows evidence of occupation from neolithic times, through the Bronze Age, to the Roman occupation of Britain. The Church of All Saints dates from the late 13th and early 14th century. It has been designated as a Grade II* listed building. The parish of Norton Fitzwarren was part of the Taunton Deane Hundred. Governance The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council. The village falls within the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton, which was established on 1 April 2019. It was previously in the district of Taunton Deane, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and part of Taunton Rural District before that. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning. It is also part of the Taunton Deane county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Military connections PoW Camp It was the location of a 300-person Prisoner of War camp during World War II, initially housing Italian prisoners from the Western Desert Campaign, and later German prisoners after the Battle of Normandy. POW Camp Number 665 - 'Cross Keys Camp', Norton Fitzwarren. Royal Marines Just north of the village is Norton Manor Camp, home of 40 Commando, Royal Marines. For many years it was the base of Junior Leaders Battalion, Royal Army Service Corps (until 1965 when RASC was disbanded) which became Junior Leaders Regiment, Royal Corps of Transport. From the early 1960s to the late 1970s, it took boys from age 15 yrs to age 17½ years and trained them to be army transport drivers. Industry Norton Fitzwarren is located on the confluence of many fast flowing local water flows, and from the 1700s onwards became the base for many water-powered weaving mills, and after the riots in London, also many Silk Mills, which gave part of the area its name. For many years Norton Fitzwarren was the site of the main factory of the Taunton Cider Company producing cider brands such as Blackthorn Cider. Production was moved to Shepton Mallet after Matthew Clark plc, the UK division of Constellation Brands, bought Taunton Cider in 1995. Transport Norton Fitzwarren was the site of a boat lift on the now disused section of the Grand Western Canal from 1839 to 1867. Norton Fitzwarren is on the former Bristol and Exeter Railway mainline, which was operated and then taken over by the GWR in 1890. The station became an important junction station, with branch lines to and diverging at this point. Resultantly, the station had two island platforms creating four platforms. There were also extensive freight handling facilities, as the station was located west of the Fairwater Yard, a large regional freight yard located south of the mainline. During World War II, the United States Army took over Norton Manor Camp located immediately northwest of the station, and equipped it with extensive railway sidings, all connected to the station. The first major railway accident occurred on 10 November 1890, and the second on 4 November 1940, which killed 13 Royal Navy personnel who were working at the camp. In 2018 a plaque honouring the victims of both crashes was unveiled in the village. Norton Fitzwarren station closed in 1966, the same year that the British Army supply depot closed. Taunton Cider took over the former goods yard to the north of the site, but this also closed in the early 1990s, and has been redeveloped as housing. Most of the former Minehead branch is now operated by the West Somerset Railway as a heritage railway. See also Norton Camp Bronze Age hillfort Norton Fitzwarren rail crash (1940) Norton Fitzwarren rail crash (1890) References External links Norton Fitzwarren Parish Council Category:Villages in Taunton Deane Category:Civil parishes in Somerset	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Glenelg Baseball Club Glenelg is a Baseball club in the South Australian Baseball League who are commonly known as the Tigers. Their home ground is Anderson Reserve in Glenelg. The ground will host half the home games of the South Australia baseball team in the 2009 Claxton Shield. References External links Glenelg Baseball Club Category:Australian baseball clubs Category:Sporting clubs in Adelaide	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tula Tula may refer to: Geography Antarctica Tula Mountains Tula Point India Tulā, a solar month in the traditional Indian calendar Iran Tula, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province Italy Tula (SS), municipality (comune) in the province of Sassari, Italy Kenya Garba Tula, town in Northern Kenya Garba Tula Airport Mexico Atotonilco de Tula, city and municipality of Hidalgo Roman Catholic Diocese of Tula Tula (Mesoamerican site) The Toltec capital Tula, Hidalgo, the modern city Tula, Tamaulipas, place in the state of Tamaulipas Tula Municipality, municipality of Tamaulipas Tula River, in central Mexico Unión de Tula, municipality in Jalisco in central-western Mexico Mongolia Tula, also Tola, variant transcriptions of Tuul River Russia Tula Oblast, a federal subject of Russia Tula, Russia, a city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast Tula Governorate, administrative division of the Russian Empire (1796–1929) Tula electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917) United States Tula, Mississippi, unincorporated place in Lafayette County Tula, American Samoa, a village in eastern Tutuila People Tula massacre, 1981 incident in the Mexican state of Hidalgo Tula people, Native American tribe Tula language, Savanna language of eastern Nigeria First names Tula (Curaçao) (fl. 1795), leader of the Curaçao slave revolt Rao Tula Ram (1825–1863), Indian rebellion leader Tula (born 1954), English model with the given name Caroline Cossey Tula (1903–1992), Native American dancer with the given name Gertrude Prokosch Kurath Tula Benites, Peruvian politician Tula Lotay, pen name of English comic book writer Lisa Wood Tula Rodríguez, Peruvian dancer, actress and model Tula Small (born 1984), Australian singer/songwriter and TV personality Turab Tula (1918–1990), Soviet Uzbek writer Tulisa Contostavlos (born 1988), full name Tula Paulinea Contostavlos, English singer/songwriter, actress, and TV personality Surnames Cristian Tula (born 1978), Argentine football player Stagenames Caroline Cossey aka "Tula" (born 1954), an English model, transgender woman, and documentary producer Other uses 8985 Tula, main-belt asteroid Russian submarine K-114 Tula, Russian nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine Tula Arms Plant, a Russian weapons manufacturer Tula (brig), ship of the English mariner and explorer John Biscoe (1794–1843) Tula pryanik, type of Russian gingerbread Tula, pink Hoob on the popular children's TV show Tula, the real name of superheroine Aquagirl from DC Comics Tula, the Latinised name for the Hindi translation of the astrological sign Tula Springs, fictional town in a series of novels by the James Wilcox Tula, synonym of the genus Nolana in the family Solanaceae Tula, Chilean Spanish slang for "penis" Music "Tula", track from the 1994 Cusco album Apurimac II Film Tula: The Revolt, a 2013 historical drama film of the slave revolt led by Tula See also Tulsky (disambiguation) Toula (disambiguation) Thule Category:Language and nationality disambiguation pages	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Ina Drew Ina R. Drew is a former high-ranking executive on Wall Street. She was the chief investment officer for JPMorgan Chase before resigning after the company suffered a trading loss of $9 billion in April/May 2012. A report produced by the United States Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations revealed that she did not understand the trading strategy, and could not explain it to the subcommittee. Furthermore, she lied to the subcommittee by stating she had not seen or received the "decision table" which outlined the various trading options for her in January 2012. Drew grew up in Springfield Township, New Jersey. She was one of very few high-ranking female executives on Wall Street. "Until the loss was disclosed late Thursday [May 10, 2012], Drew was considered by some market participants as one of the best managers of balance-sheet risks. She earned more than $15 million in each of the last two years." Her reported compensation for 2011 was $14 million. In 1993, she was profiled as one of "40 under 40" by Crain's New York Business. She was CIO of JP Morgan Chase & Co. since February 2005. "Prior to that she was Head of Global Treasury [at JPM]". She earned a master's degree in international economics from the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. Drew and her husband have been residents of the Short Hills neighborhood of Millburn, New Jersey. They have one daughter and one son. Ina Drew is now a trustee at Barnard College. References Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni Category:American women bankers Category:American women business executives Category:People from Millburn, New Jersey Category:People from Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Roger Brown (psychologist) Roger William Brown (April 14, 1925 – December 11, 1997), an American social psychologist, was born in Detroit. Roger Brown, Ph.D., was known for his work in social psychology and in children's language development. He taught at Harvard University from 1952 until 1957 and from 1962 until 1994, and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1957 until 1962. His scholarly books include Words and Things: An Introduction to Language (1958), Social Psychology (1965), Psycholinguistics (1970), A First Language: The Early Stages (1973), and Social Psychology: The Second Edition (1985). He authored numerous journal articles and book chapters. He was the doctoral adviser or a post-doctoral mentor of many researchers in child language development and psycholinguistics, including Jean Berko Gleason, Susan Ervin-Tripp, Camile Hanlon, Dan Slobin, Ursula Bellugi, Courtney Cazden, Richard F. Cromer, David McNeill, Eric Lenneberg, Colin Fraser, Eleanor Rosch (Heider), Melissa Bowerman, Steven Pinker, Kenji Hakuta, Jill de Villiers, and Peter de Villiers. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Brown as the 34th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Education and career Brown earned an undergraduate psychology degree in 1948 and a Ph.D. in 1952 from the University of Michigan. He started his career in 1952 as an instructor and then assistant professor of psychology at Harvard University. In 1957 he left Harvard for an associate professorship at MIT, and became a full professor of psychology there in 1960. In 1962, he returned to Harvard as a full professor, and served as chair of the Department of Social Relations from 1967 to 1970. From 1974 until his retirement in 1994, he held the title of John Lindsley Professor of Psychology in Memory of William James. Research and writing Roger Brown's research and teaching focused on social psychology, the relationship between language and thought, and the linguistic development of children. The clarity, directness, and humor of his scholarly writing are often praised; Pinker describes him as "perhaps the best writer in psychology since James himself." Brown's book Words and Things: An Introduction to Language (1957) examines the mutual influence of thought and language, described as "the first book on the psychology of language coming out of the cognitive revolution". His writing in this area became an inspiration for much work in the relation between language and cognition, including Eleanor Rosch (Heider)'s work on color names and color memory and Steven Pinker's 1994 book The Language Instinct. Brown taught social psychology and published his first textbook, Social Psychology, in 1965. The book was completely rewritten and published in 1986 as Social Psychology: The Second Edition. Brown also wrote an introductory textbook on psychology, co-authored with his colleague Richard Herrnstein. Pinker noted that these two books "live in publishing infamy as a lesson of what happens to textbooks that are unconventional, sophisticated, and thought-provoking: they don't sell." In the late 1950s, Brown and then his student Jean Berko Gleason undertook the first experimental studies on children's language development. During the late 1960s, Brown and several junior colleagues, including Ursula Bellugi, Colin Fraser, and Richard F. Cromer, undertook a landmark study of the linguistic development of children, published in "A First Language: The Early Years". This book chronicled the language development of three English-speaking children over several years, and provided an in-depth analysis of the early stages of first language acquisition. This analysis of five stages of language development, determined by structures used and by mean length of utterance (MLU), continues to be used in the field today. The original transcriptions of the three children's conversations, along with materials from many other children speaking a wide variety of languages, is available from the Child Language Data Exchange, founded by Brian MacWhinney (Carnegie Mellon U.) and Catherine Snow (Harvard). Other important works by Brown include his 1976 paper on "Flashbulb Memories", concerning people's memories of what they were doing at the time they heard about major traumatic events such as the JFK assassination. The breadth of his interests is seen in the papers reprinted in his 1970 book Psycholinguistics, which includes work with David McNeill on the 'tip of the tongue state, a study with Albert Gilman of the social factors involved in choosing familiar versus polite second-person pronouns (tu, vous) in languages like French and Spanish, and a review of the novel Lolita by Harvard colleague Vladimir Nabokov. Brown was known for the grace with which he treated and referred to his colleagues, whether junior or senior. An example of this is found in his brief autobiography: "Jerome Bruner, then as now, had the gift of providing intellectual stimulus, but also the rarer gift of giving his colleagues the strong sense that psychological problems of great antiquity were on the verge of solution that afternoon by the group there assembled." Early Research on Children's Language Acquisition In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Brown and his student at the time, Jean Berko Gleason, undertook the first experimental studies on children's language development. The study published by Brown and Gleason in 1960 "Word Association and the Acquisition of Grammar" attempts to answer whether children's gradual tendency to make word associations based on parts-of-speech is evidence for the maturation of the human brain to comprehend syntax of the English language. The experiment identified that children produce heterogeneous parts-of-speech answers (words thematically related) to prompted words and adults tended to produce homogenous parts of speech answers (syntactically related) to the same prompts. In order to clarify this observation, Brown also conducted a "Usage Test" in which he used nonsense words in specific grammatical contexts and asked subjects what they understood the words to mean. Younger children answered in a similar fashion to the word association test, making thematic assumptions of the nonsense words, while adults again made grammatical assumptions to word's meaning. He concludes that based on children's increasing rate of homogeneous parts-of-speech answers with age in conjunction with the answers they give to the "Usage Test" are two ways children can be observed to develop an appreciation of English syntax. Thus, supporting a theory that language acquisition is a maturational process. Linguistic Determinism and the Part of Speech (1957) In 1957, Brown sought to figure out how language constitutes perception and thought of one's surroundings. Specifically, he took a critical look at how the meanings we assign to parts of speech (e.g., verbs naming actions and nouns naming substances) constitute differences in cognition among people. Brown focused on the semantic definition of a noun, which is known as a person, place or thing. The problem that he identified is that there is no definitive meaning of what a thing is, hence, Brown explained that nouns may be the key to understanding how parts of speech affect cognition. He hypothesized that nouns “tend to have” semantic characteristics contrary to verbs and that speakers pick up these semantic inconsistencies when learning English. To test the hypothesis, an evaluation of nouns and verbs used by children learning English and English speaking adults was completed to identify whether or not the nouns and verbs used had clear semantic differences. The examination showed that child use of nouns and verbs had clear semantic distinctions as opposed to adults. With this result, Brown also questioned if children were conscious of their distinct semantics. This question was answered through a test. An image association experiment performed on children showed that they use the part of speech of a word (whether a word is a noun, adjective, etc.) as a hint to the word's definition. In essence, children are in fact aware of semantic implications while engaging in parts of speech. Brown concluded that semantic distinctions of the parts of speech affect cognition and that different languages and their respective parts of speech may be determinants of varying cognitive operations for those who use said languages. Frequency-Brevity Principle (1958) In his “How Shall a Thing Be Called?” article, Brown wrote about how objects have many names, but often share a common name. He proposed the frequency-brevity principle, by which he theorized that children use words that are shorter in length because shorter words are more common for objects in the English language—for example, referring to a dog as “dog” and not “animal”. He elaborated on the frequency-brevity principle and how it may be violated (for example, referring to a pineapple as “pineapple” and not “fruit”). He further argued that children progress from concrete naming to more abstract categorizations as they age. The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity (1960) In 1960, Brown and Albert Gilman conducted a questionnaire in order to gain a deeper understanding of the pronoun “you” across five languages. These five languages studied include Italian, German, Spanish, English, and French. The questionnaire presents participants with a scenario in which they must select the appropriate pronoun when speaking to others belonging to different social class, familiarities and ages. The results indicate participants shift between different pronouns in order to best compliment those they are speaking to. Brown and Gilman theorized that there are two different styles of “you,” one to indicate a power dynamic, and the other to indicate a solidarity dynamic. They termed the pronoun of solidarity “T”, and the pronoun of power “V” to make for clarity and understanding. The varied use of T and V is used to implicate different relationships between those in conversation based on factors such as age, social class, similarity, familiarity, respect, and expression of mood. The Tip of The Tongue Phenomenon (1966) To test the Tip of the Tongue phenomenon empirically, Brown and David McNeill conducted a study in which they asked participants to look over a list of words and definitions and then listen to the definition one of the words on the list. Those in the “tip of the tongue” state were asked to fill out a chart assessing the related words that they are able to come up with. Brown and McNeill were able to identify two types of recall: abstract and partial, that participants exhibited when attempting to remember the target words. Abstract recall relies on the number of syllables in the target word or the location of stressed syllables in the word while partial recall relies on the number of letters the target word. Awards Brown was a Guggenheim Fellow in 1966-67. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1963) and the National Academy of Sciences (1972). In 1971 he received the Distinguished Scientific Achievement Award of the American Psychological Association, in 1973, the G. Stanley Hall Prize in Developmental Psychology of the American Association, and in 1984, the Fyssen International Prize in Cognitive Science. He also was awarded several honorary doctorates. Personal life Roger Brown was born in Detroit, one of four brothers. His family, like many others, was hit hard by the Depression. He attended Detroit public schools, and began undergraduate studies at the University of Michigan, but World War II interrupted his education. He joined the Navy during his freshman year, and was accepted into the V-12 program, which included midshipman training at Columbia University, and served as an ensign in the U.S. Navy. During his time in the navy, he became interested in psychology. With the help of the GI BIll, he completed his university education after the war. Brown became a dedicated opera fan, with a particular admiration for Metropolitan Opera soprano Renata Scotto. During his time at the University of Michigan, Brown met Albert Gilman (died December 22, 1989), later a Shakespeare scholar and a professor of English at Boston University. Gilman and Brown were partners for over 40 years until Gilman's death from lung cancer in 1989. Brown's sexual orientation and his relationship with Gilman were known to a few of his closest friends, and he served on the editorial board of The Journal of Homosexuality from 1985, but he did not come out publicly until 1989. Brown chronicled his personal life with Gilman and after Gilman's death in his memoir. Brown died in 1997, and is buried next to Gilman in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His obituary in Cognition, written by his friend Steven Pinker, says that Brown's "final years were also marked by declining health. He was stricken with prostate cancer, epilepsy, arthritis, cellulitis, spinal stenosis (which made it hard for him to walk or stand up straight), and heart disease"; it also says that Brown "planned his suicide to avoid a life of further pain and physical decline." Selected publications Books Brown,R (1965) Social Psychology. Collier Macmillan. Brown, R (1958) Words and Things: An Introduction to Language. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press. (1968 ed.) Brown, R with others (1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers. New York: Free Press. Bellugi, U & Brown, R (1971) The Acquisition of Language. University of Chicago Press. Brown, R (1973) A First Language: The Early Stages. Harvard University Press. Brown, R & Herrnstein, RJ (1977) Psychology. Little, Brown. Brown, R (1986) Social Psychology: The Second Edition. New York: Free Press . Reprinted 2003, London: Collier Macmillan Brown, R (1996) Against my better judgment: An intimate memoir of an eminent gay psychologist. New York: Harrington Park Press. . Journal articles and book chapters Brown, R & Lenneberg, E (1954) A study in language and cognition. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49:454-462. Brown, R & Hildum, DC (1956) Expectancy and the perception of syllables. Language 32:411-419. Brown, R (1957) Linguistic determinism and the part of speech. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 55:1-5. Reprinted in Brown R (1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers. New York: Free Press, pp. 16–27. Brown, R (1958) How shall a thing be called? Psychological Review 65:14-21. Reprinted in In Brown, R with others (1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers. NewYork: Free Press, pp. 3–15. Brown, R & Gilman A (1960) The pronouns of power and solidarity. In T. Sebeok (ed.). Aspects of Style in Language, Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Reprinted in Brown R (1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers. NewYork: Free Press, pp. 302–335. Brown, R & Berko, J (1960) Word association and the acquisition of grammar. Child Development 31: 1-14. Brown, R & McNeill, D (1966) The "tip of the tongue" phenomenon. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 5, 325-337. Reprited in Brown, R with others(1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers.New York: Free Press, pp. 274–301. Brown, R, Cazden, C, & Bellugi, U (1968) Thechild's grammar from I to III. In J. P. Hill (ed), Minneapolis Symposium on Child Psychology (vol. 2) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Reprited in Brown, R with others (1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers. New York: Free Press, pp. 100–154. Brown, R, & Hanlon, C (1970) Derivational complexity and order of acquisition in child speech. In JR Hayes (ed.) Cognition and the Development of Language. New York: Wiley pp. 11–53. Brown, R (1970) The first sentences of child and chimpanzee. In Brown, R with others (1970) Psycholinguistics: Selected Papers. New York: Free Press, pp. 208–231. Brown, R & Kulik, J (1977) Flashbulb memories. Cognition 5:73-99. Brown R (1981) Music and language. In Music Educators National Conference, Report of the Ann Arbor Symposium on the Applications of Psychology to the Teaching and Learning of Music, 233-264. Brown R & Fish D (1983) The psychological causality implicit in language. Cognition 14:237-273. Fraser, C, Bellugi, U, & Brown, R (1963) Control of grammar in imitation, comprehension, and production. Journal of Verbal Learningand Verbal Behavior 2, 121-135. References Further reading Brown, R. 1996. Against my better judgment: an intimate memoir of an eminent gay psychologist. New York: Harrington Park Press. Hopkins, J. R. 2000. "Brown, Roger William." Encyclopedia of Psychology, Vol. 1 (pp. 479–480). Alan E. Kazdin, Ed. Oxford University Press. Murray, Stephen O. 1999. "Roger Brown (1925-1997): A Memorial." Journal of Homosexuality, 37(1): 1-2. External links National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir Category:American naval personnel of World War II Category:American psychologists Category:Social psychologists Category:Developmental psycholinguists Category:20th-century psychologists Category:1925 births Category:1997 deaths Category:University of Michigan alumni Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Psycholinguists Category:LGBT writers from the United States Category:LGBT scientists from the United States Category:LGBT people from Michigan Category:Gay writers Category:American LGBT military personnel Category:United States Navy officers Category:Linguists from the United States Category:Guggenheim Fellows Category:LGBT scientists Category:Gay military personnel Category:LGBT academics	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rotraut Klein-Moquay Rotraut Klein-Moquay, known by the mononym Rotraut (born 1938), is a German-French visual artist. She is the widow of French artist Yves Klein. Biography Rotraut, born Rotraut Uecker, was born in 1938 in Rerik, East Germany. As a teenager, she moved to Düsseldorf to live with her older brother, the artist Gunther Uecker. In Düsseldorf, she worked odd-jobs and began to experiment with art. In 1958, she moved to Nice to work as an au-pair for the family of the artist Arman. It was in Nice that she met and began a relationship with Yves Klein. The couple traveled to New York and Los Angeles, where they lived, exhibited Klein's art, and mingled in the scene of artists, gallery owners, and critics. In 1962, Rotraut and Klein married in Paris. Klein died six months later, while Rotraut was pregnant with their son, Yves. Rotraut re-married in 1968, to the curator Daniel Moquay. Rotraut and Moquay have three children together. Since 1998, Rotraut has divided her time between Phoenix, Arizona, Paris, and Sydney, Australia. Rotraut's early work focused on drawing and painting. Beginning in the 1990s, she shifted to sculpture as her primary medium. Many of Rotraut's works are monumental sculptures in bright, primary colors. Relationship with Yves Klein In their time together, Rotraut worked as an assistant and model to Klein. She modeled for his well-known Anthropométries series and assisted with his commission for the Gelsenkirchen Opera House in Germany. After Klein's death, Rotraut managed his portfolio and legacy, including assigning numbers to all of Klein's noted blue monochrome paintings. Today, she manages Klein's estate together with her husband Daniel. Exhibitions Rotraut first publicly exhibited her work in 1959, at the New Visions gallery in London. Her work has been featured in numerous solo and group exhibitions at institutions including Galerie Amstel 47 in the Netherlands, the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain in Nice, the Pascal de Sarthe Gallery in San Francisco, and the Riva Yares Gallery in Scottsdale, Arizona. In 1989, her work was exhibited in Rotraut Uecker Klein at Wesleyan University, curated by Klaus Ottmann. Rotraut's sculptures and paintings have been displayed frequently at Art Basel in both Switzerland in the U.S., represented by Galerie Gmurzynska. In 2018, Rotraut's work was featured in an exhibition at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. Many of her works have been sold at auction, including the sculpture UNTITLED which sold for $225,000 at Sotheby's in 2018. References External links Rotraut - The Galaxy Inside - Interview with Rotraut at the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Denmark, 2018. Category:German sculptors Category:German women sculptors Category:20th-century German artists Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:21st-century German women artists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Palazzo Adoldo Palazzo Adoldo is a Renaissance palace in Venice, located in the Santa Croce district and overlooking the Grand Canal. On the right there is the church of San Simeon Piccolo, on the left—Palazzo Foscari Contarini. History The present palazzo was built in first half of the 16th century. The place is ancient and was home of the Adoldo or Adoaldo family of Greek origin ascribed to the Venetian aristocracy. The Adoldos settled in Venice in the first centuries of the city's foundation and contributed significantly to finance the construction of the nearby church of San Simeon Piccolo. They owned the island of Andro and half of the island of Sercino that the last descendant, Nicolò, who died in 1432, sold to the Michiels. A member of the family, Lucia Adoldo, donated the palace to the parish of San Simeon Piccolo, as evidenced by an inscription on the facade. The same stone mentions that in 1520 the unsafe building was rebuilt and enlarged by Vittore Spiera. Architecture The façade consists of three floors and a mezzanine. The ground floor is covered with white stone and has simple rectangular openings. The two noble floors are decorated with biforas with Ionic columns. The biroras are flanked by a pair of monoforas on each side. The first noble floor has two stone boards on the wall. The top floor features a peculiar central tower with three squared windows united by an arch. On its top there is a statuette of eagle. Gallery References Category:Houses completed in the 16th century Adoldo Adoldo Category:Renaissance architecture in Venice	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kristin Halvorsen Kristin Halvorsen (born 2 September 1960) is a Norwegian socialist politician. She served as Minister of Finance from 17 October 2005 to 20 October 2009 and as Minister of Education from 20 October 2009 to 16 October 2013. Taking over as leader of the Socialist Left Party in 1997, she established an unprecedented level of consensus within the party. At the 2005 election, the party received a disappointing 8.8% share of the vote, and in 2009 down further, to 6.2%. Many who describe themselves as being on the left side of the party have suggested that Halvorsen step down. She was succeeded by Audun Lysbakken on 11 March 2012. The Socialist Left, in coalition with the Labour Party and the Centre Party, won Norway's September 2005 parliamentary elections. The resulting Red-Green coalition government marked the first time that the Socialist Left Party was included in the cabinet. Kristin Halvorsen took office as the 125th Minister of Finance in Norwegian history and the first woman ever to serve in that post. She resigned as leader of the Socialist Left Party in 2012. Background Halvorsen was born in Horten, Vestfold. After taking university courses in pedagogy (1.5 years) and criminology (1 year) without receiving a degree, Halvorsen worked for a while as a legal secretary. She served as a vice member to the Parliament from 1985, and was elected member of Parliament in 1989, representing the county of Oslo, a seat she has held ever since. She has been a member of the parliamentary standing Committee on Finance (1989–1997) and the Committee on Scrutiny and Constitutional Affairs (1997–2001). She is presently a member of the Election Committee and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Chairman of the Socialist Left Party's parliamentary group, but is on leave from these positions while sitting in government. Halvorsen was the first Norwegian party leader to launch a blog. Kristin Halvorsen's parents are Leif Georg Halvorsen, a civil engineer, and Marit Larsen, a teacher. Kristin is married to Charlo Halvorsen, an editor at Norsk Rikskringkasting. Controversies Kindergarten coverage promise In the electoral campaign of the 2005 election Halvorsen announced that she would leave politics if the government would not be able to provide all citizens with kindergarten for their children by the end of 2007, and proclaimed that "this is so important for me that you'll get rid of me if we don't accomplish this". While she stood firmly by her announcement even two months after the election, she in October 2006 simply withdrew her promise, stating that "what I have said is that we'll have full coverage in 2007. But nobody will get rid of me if full coverage is missing in one or two municipalities". By the end of 2007, 90 percent of municipalities will be able to offer kindergarten for all applicants, with the not fully covered constituting approximately 43 municipalities in Norway. Poverty resolved "with the stroke of a pen" claim In the same electoral campaign she claimed that poverty in Norway could be eliminated "with the stroke of a pen". After being elected to government and becoming Minister of Finance, by the end of the four-year term she had not accomplished this, as homelessness was actually increasing. When attending a television program during the 2009 electoral campaign, she also refused to apologise to the poor in Norway for her failure. Israel boycott On 5 January 2006, Halvorsen caused a controversy by calling for boycott of Israeli products as a sign of solidarity with the Palestinians The government and the other parties in the coalition distanced themselves from these remarks, and Halvorsen later apologized as foreign matters were outside her government position. In January 2009, Halvorsen took part in anti-Israel protests which erupted into violent riots. Books Rett fra hjertet (Straight from the Heart), 2004 References External links Entry at party website Blog at party website \|- \|- Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:Members of the Storting Category:Ministers of Finance of Norway Category:Women members of the Storting Category:Politicians from Porsgrunn Category:Politicians from Oslo Category:Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians Category:University of Oslo alumni Category:21st-century Norwegian politicians Category:21st-century Norwegian women politicians Category:20th-century Norwegian politicians Category:20th-century Norwegian women politicians Category:Women government ministers of Norway Category:Women finance ministers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Frank Parker Frank Andrew Parker (born Franciszek Andrzej Pajkowski, January 31, 1916 – July 24, 1997), was a world No. 1 American male tennis player of Polish immigrant parents who was active in the 1930s and 1940s. He won four Grand Slam singles titles as well as three doubles titles. He was coached by Mercer Beasley. Early life Parker was born on January 31, 1916 in Milwaukee as Franciszek Andrzej Pajkowski and had three brothers and a sister. He learnt to play tennis at age 10, hitting discarded tennis balls at the Milwaukee Town Club. There he was discovered by the club coach Mercer Beasley who noticed his quickness and accuracy. Aged 12, he won his first national title, the boys' indoor championship played at the Seventh Regiment Armory in New York. At age 15, Paikowski become the national boys' champion in singles, defeating Gene Mako in the final, and a year later, at age 16, he won the national junior singles title as well as the singles title at the Canadian National Championships. In 1933, when he was 17, he won the singles title at the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, defeating Gene Mako in the final in straight sets. Career Parker is one of the few Americans to win both the French Championships (1948, 1949) and the U.S. Championships (1944, 1945). Parker became the singles champion at Cincinnati, then called the Tri–State Tennis Tournament in 1941 and was a four-time singles finalist (1932, 1933, 1938, 1939). He won the Canadian title in 1938. He was ranked World No. 1 in 1948 by John Olliff of The Daily Telegraph. Writing about Parker in his 1949 autobiography, Bobby Riggs, who had played Parker many times, says "Parker is a tough man to get past. Equipped with a wonderful all-court game, he plays intently and with classic form. His footwork is marvelous. You never see Frankie hitting the ball from an awkward position." Jack Kramer, however, writing in his own autobiography, says "...even as a boy [Parker] had this wonderful slightly overspin forehand drive. Clean and hard. Then for some reason, Frankie's coach, Mercer Beasley, decided to change this stroke into a chop. It was obscene." It also impaired his game, particularly in preventing him from getting to the net, and Parker dropped in the rankings. A few years later, however, he worked hard to regain his original forehand, and according to Kramer, did indeed greatly improve his stroke. But it was never again as good as it had once been. Parker was known for having a "deadpan" persona on court. Parker took part in the 1968 US Open at the age of 52, becoming the oldest player to compete in the US Open men's singles. He also had the longest span in Grand Slam men's singles history (36 years from his first appearance at the U.S. Championships in 1932 to his last appearance in 1968). Between 1937 and 1948, Parker took part in seven Davis Cup ties with the US team and won the Davis Cup in 1937 and 1948. He compiled a Davis Cup record of 12 wins and two losses. In October 1949, Parker signed a one-year contract with Bobby Riggs to become a professional tennis player. Parker was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1960. Parker was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island in 1966 and into the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame in 1988. Personal life On March 17, 1938, Parker married Audrey Beasley who previously divorced Parker's coach Mercer Beasley. She became his adviser and tailored his tennis wardrobe. His wife died in 1971, and in 1979, Parker retired from his position of salesman for a corrugated box company. Grand Slam finals Singles (4 titles, 2 runner-ups) Doubles (3 titles, 2 runner-ups) Notes References Sources Tennis Is My Racket, by Bobby Riggs, New York, 1949 The Game, My 40 Years in Tennis, Jack Kramer with Frank Deford, New York, 1979 How to Play Tennis, by Mercer Beasley, 1935 External links Category:1916 births Category:1997 deaths Category:American male tennis players Category:American people of Polish descent Category:French Championships (tennis) champions Category:Sportspeople from Milwaukee Category:International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Category:Tennis people from Wisconsin Category:United States National champions (tennis) Category:Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era) Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Electoral results for the district of Girrawheen This is a list of electoral results for the electoral district of Girrawheen in Western Australian state elections. Members for Girrawheen Election results Elections in the 2010s Elections in the 2000s Elections in the 1990s References Category:Western Australian state electoral results by district	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mahara, Eastern Province Mahara, Eastern Province is a village in Sri Lanka. It is located within Central Province. See also List of towns in Central Province, Sri Lanka External links Department of Census and Statistics -Sri Lanka Category:Populated places in Central Province, Sri Lanka	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rubinówka Rubinówka is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Łomża, within Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. References Category:Villages in Łomża County	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
IL Norborg Idrettslaget Norborg is a Norwegian sports club based in the villages of Grytastranda, Søvik and Gamlem in Ålesund municipality, Sunnmøre. It was founded on Sunday 21 January 1962, and takes its name from the former municipality of Borgund; Norborg after Nordre Borgund. Their activities include football, badminton and gymnastics. They also previously had sections for volleyball and handball (merged with Brattvåg IL – handball to form Haram Handballklubb on 16 March 1989). Football is by far the main activity with around 200 active members. The A Team joined the league system in 1968 and played the 2016 season in the 4th Division. The team has orange shirts and socks, and black shorts. They play their home games at the Uggedal stadion on grass (opened 5 June 2005). In winter 2008, they decided to open an artificial turf pitch on the gravel track at Uggedalen. This work started on 12 June 2009 and was finished in October 2009. The pitch was officially opened with a match between the villages of Grytastranda and Søvik on 31 October 2009. In the 2014 season, Norborg achieved their best ever finish of 13th in the 3rd division. They also achieved 9th and 10th place finishes in the 3rd division in 2009 and 2010, but at that time, the 3rd division had twice as many teams. In 2014, they were also ranked as the tenth best team in Sunnmøre. On 27 November 2014, the club announced Stig Jacob Johansen as the new head coach. AaFK-player Torbjørn Grytten started at Norborg. League placings Coaches: Robert V. Iversen and Sigmund Gjerset 1968, Sigmund Gjerset 1969, xx 1970, Sverre Sørgård 1971, Sigmund Gjerset 1972, Kåre Dalhaug 1973, Sigmund Gjerset 1974, Per Indrestrand 1975, Oddvar Aarø 1976, Per Giske 1977, Sigmund Gjerset, Arild Vegsund and John Tellefsen 1978, Per Skotte 1979–81, Steinar Hildremyr 1982, Per Skotte 1983, Sigmund Gjerset and Arild Vegsund 1984, Ole Petter Aarsund 1985, Hans Magnar Engeset and Kåre Nogva 1986, Sigmund Gjerset, Svein Gjerset, Helge Uggedal and Arild Vegsund 1987, Helge Uggedal 1988–89, Per Skotte 1990, Øyvind Grytten 1991, Arne Rønstad 1992, Øystein Haugan and Malvin Alstadsæter 1993, Hans Magnar Engeset, Frode Urke and Malvin Alstadsæter 1994, Ivar Roald 1995–96, Bjarte Steinsbu and Ivar Roald 1997, Øyvind Grytten 1998, Sindre Hildre 1999-03, Øystein Haugan 2004–05, Jan Egil Alstadsæter 2006–07, Ivar Roald 2008–10; Kristian Søviknes 2011; Roger Grytten 2012; Oddmund Davik Otterlei 2013–14; Stig Jacob Johansen 2015– References External links Category:Sport in Møre og Romsdal Category:Sports clubs established in 1962 Category:Football clubs in Norway Category:Association football clubs established in 1962 Category:Ålesund	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Apagomerella Apagomerella is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species: Apagomerella dissimilis Galileo & Martins, 2005 Apagomerella versicolor (Boheman, 1859) References Category:Hemilophini	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mad Hatter (Avenged Sevenfold song) "Mad Hatter" is a song by Avenged Sevenfold, released as the lead single from the EP Black Reign on September 17, 2018. It is the first original song by the band since the release of "Dose", which was a bonus track from The Stage in 2016. Background With the band having a strong connection with Treyarch, having previously worked on Call of Duty: Black Ops, Call of Duty: Black Ops II and Call of Duty: Black Ops III, they were once again asked to make a song for their 2018 title Call of Duty: Black Ops 4. The band included a sneak peek of the song in their European Tour. Synyster Gates expressed his excitement of the new song stating: “We’re just about in a state of pure bliss,.... “We’re damn close to getting to exactly where we want to be.” M Shadows also commented saying: "The EP is the start of a new era. I’m not sure what that holds for us yet, but we are excited…" Johnny Christ chimed in: "It's a fun song — it's a little bit of a departure from I think what our fans would expect, but I guess that also makes sense because they expect crazy from us now." Recording and musical style The song was recorded in March 2018 in Los Angeles and produced once again by Joe Barresi, before Shadows formed nodes on his vocal chords and couldn't sing for at least a few months. With Shadows being an avid gamer he is excited about the release being a brand new experience and wanting to write something completely new direction wise. When asked about the direction of the song he said "We felt that we should take a similar leap with the music and go for something bigger, darker and more cerebral....Watching the initial trailers and looking at production sketches reminded me of the 'S-Town' podcast and its main protagonist, John B. McLemore,Shadows also comments specifically on the lyrics: "I decided that the lyrics would shadow McLemore's life. The result is a thick-grooved song that's dynamic and has a weightiness to it." He also spoke to Kerrang! to discuss the topic further while also revealing they weren't going to release anything until a fan mentioned something via a twitter Q&A. "The song is dark and brooding. We wanted to capture a different feeling than a straight-ahead 'zombie killer' track. These songs are good places for us to experiment with our sound. I would put this in the category of 'dark alternative.'" "I did a Twitter takeover where a fan asked me about doing music for 'Black Ops 3'. .... Treyarch saw it and asked us to participate. I went into the studio and saw what they were working on. We only had a month to get them a finished product, because of our European tour. We wrote what we felt would be a departure for not only us, but Treyarch as well." There is also a video/trailer that was released for the song:A video "using game footage" will be released "to present the song, Release After releasing the song on the 17th of September, the band changed the mix and re-released a new version after fans noticed the song was off and addressed the issue in a Q&A: "We saw some complaints about the mix and we totally agree with you! We were pushing the limits in a lot of different ways and once the compression of streaming services and radio got a hold of it the clarity become muddied. I heard it on the radio and was like 'Oh Shit!' The good news is we live in a world were you can quickly fix your mistakes and we have done just that."... M Shadows continued: "I'd put this in the "we fucked up" category," "Mixing and mastering happened while we were in Europe and we were getting stuff sent over and all listening on different headphones. Old mix just pushed it a little far but no one had a set of speakers we trusted being on the road and such. By the time we got home we were used to the sound but hearing it on the radio next to other things allowed us to gain some perspective on it. References Category:2018 singles Category:2018 songs Category:Avenged Sevenfold songs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1879 Longford by-election The Longford by-election of 1879 was held on 5 April 1879. The byelection was held due to the resignation (Assistant Commissioner of Intermediate Education in Ireland) of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Myles William O'Reilly. It was won by Justin McCarthy, a member of the Home Rule party. He was unopposed. References Category:1879 in Ireland Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in County Longford constituencies Category:1879 elections in the United Kingdom Category:Unopposed by-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom (need citation) Category:1870s elections in Ireland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Alan Greenberg (businessman) Alan Greenberg (born November 6, 1950) has served as a creator and operator of interactive and traditional media focused on the education, healthcare, and global travel service sectors. He is the President of Avenues: The World School, the first worldwide system of high quality, private K-12 schools. History and Career Greenberg graduated from the University of Tennessee Knoxville in 1972 from the College of Communications with a degree in advertising. He went on to become the Vice President of Whittle Communication, where he launched publishing, interactive and broadcast properties. In 1981, Greenberg took over as publisher of Esquire magazine. Greenberg then founded Greenberg News Network, building a medical education and healthcare news organization, which was purchased by WebMD. He established Travel Holdings as a global interactive travel distribution firm, which now does business in 13 languages and in over 100 countries. He served as CEO of Travel Holdings until 2008. On March 11, 2010, Greenberg was honored with the University of Tennessee’s College of Communication and Information's (CCI) 2010 Donald G. Hileman Distinguished Alumni Award. It is awarded to college alumni who have made notable contributions to the field of communication and information. Personal life He is married to Joy Greenberg. They have three children, Alison, Zachary and Aaron. References Category:1947 births Category:American magazine publishers (people) Category:American media executives Category:Living people Category:Businesspeople from Tennessee Category:University of Tennessee alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
St. Ambrose Church (St. Nazianz, Wisconsin) St. Ambrose Church is a Roman Catholic church in St. Nazianz, Wisconsin, built in 1898. History In 1854 an entire Catholic parish in a small German village uprooted under the leadership of its priest, Father Ambrose Oschwald, and departed for America. Arriving in Wisconsin, a scouting party headed out through the forest with ox carts to locate the land and begin the settlement. Property was held in common and the community, along intensely Catholic lines, was governed by an Ephorate or senate. The colony lasted until 1873 when Oschwald died, leaving "The Association" in a legal battle to preserve its land. In 1896, the Salvatorian order assumed responsibility for the Catholic institutions in St. Nazianz, building a new church and monastery on the grounds of the old Loretto Monastery just south of the village. In 1939, the Salvatorian Seminary was opened on the same grounds. The building later became John F. Kennedy Preparatory High School in the 1960s but closed in 1982. From the point onward, the religious architectural complex lay abandoned and dormant, suffering a great deal of vandalism from gang activity on the premises. It served intermittently as a haunted house in the fall for a few years. After a series of owners and failed schemes, not much has changed in the present day, although Dale Ristow has refurbished the gymnasium enough to be used as an indoor soccer practice space. The old football field outside is also utilized. Additionally, portions of the more modern priest dormitories have been remodeled. Oschwald's sarcophagus is kept in the hillside crypt at the rear of the property below the little Loretto Chapel on the hilltop above the cemetery. Originally, Oschwald's body was entombed beneath the altar of St. Ambrose Chapel in the space that now comprises the back of the main St. Ambrose Church (the chapel was the original worship place of the Loretto Monastery portion of the building, a lower stucco part which was constructed in the 1860s). References External links Meyer, Amy (April 30, 2016). "St. Nazianz Seminary left its mark". Herald Times Reporter. Retrieved April 6, 2017. Category:Churches in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin Category:Former Roman Catholic church buildings in Wisconsin Category:Churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1898 Category:1898 establishments in Wisconsin	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
John Poltimore John Poltimore (fl. 1390) was an English politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Totnes in January 1390. References Category:Year of birth missing Category:Year of death missing Category:English MPs January 1390	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Tumanyan Tumanyan or T’umanyan or Tumanian may refer to: People Barseg Tumanyan, Armenian Bass opera singer; soloist with the Alexandrov Ensemble Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869–1923), Armenian poet, writer, translator, literary and public activist Tuman Tumanian (1879–1906), participant of the Armenian national liberation movement Places Dsegh, Armenia Tumanyan, Armenia Tumanyan Park in Yerevan, Armenia Category:Armenian-language surnames	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
List of casino hotels This is a list of notable casino hotels. A casino hotel is an establishment consisting of a casino with temporary lodging provided in an on-premises hotel. Casino hotels Agua Caliente Casino and Hotel Al Waddan Hotel Aliante Casino and Hotel Aquarius Casino Resort L'Arc Casino Arizona Charlie's Boulder Arizona Charlie's Decatur The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel (defunct) L'Auberge Baton Rouge Baha Mar Casino & Hotel Bally's Atlantic City Bally's Casino Tunica Bally's Las Vegas Bear Claw Casino & Hotel Beau Rivage (Mississippi) Bellagio Blue Chip Casino, Hotel and Spa Boardwalk Hotel and Casino (defunct) Boomtown New Orleans Boomtown Reno The Borgata Boulder Station Bourbon Street Hotel and Casino Bullock Hotel Buffalo Bill's Cactus Petes Hotel Caesars Atlantic City Caesars Palace Caesars Windsor California Hotel and Casino Camelot Hotel/Casino Cannery Casino and Hotel Carson Nugget Carson Station CasaBlanca Resort Casino Lisboa, Macau Casino Magic Biloxi Casino New Brunswick Casino Rama Casino Royale Hotel & Casino Castaways (defunct) Castaways Hotel and Casino Chinook Winds Casino Choctaw Casino Resort Circus Circus Las Vegas Circus Circus Reno Claridge Atlantic City (presently just a stand-alone hotel) Clarion Hotel and Casino Club Cal Neva Colorado Belle The Cromwell Las Vegas The D Las Vegas Delta Downs Desert Inn (defunct) Dover Downs Hotel & Casino Downtown Grand Dunes (defunct) Dunes Hotel and Casino (Atlantic City) (never completed) Eastside Cannery Edgewater Hotel and Casino El Cortez El Rancho Hotel and Casino (defunct) El Rancho Vegas (defunct) Eldorado Reno Excalibur Hotel and Casino Fiesta Henderson Fiesta Rancho FireKeepers Casino Fitzgeralds Casino and Hotel Flamingo Las Vegas Four Queens Four Winds New Buffalo Foxwoods Resort Casino Fremont Hotel and Casino Gold Coast Hotel and Casino Gold Dust West Hotel and Casino Gold Spike Hotel and Casino Golden Gate Hotel and Casino Golden Nugget Atlantic City Golden Nugget Las Vegas Grand Casino Biloxi Grand Sierra Resort Greektown Casino Hotel Hacienda (defunct) Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Atlantic City) Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Biloxi) Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (Las Vegas) Harlow's Casino Resort Harrah's Atlantic City Harrah's Cherokee Harrah's Council Bluffs Harrah's Laughlin Harrah's Reno Harrah's Rincon Hollywood Casino Bangor Hollywood Casino Bay St. Louis Hollywood Casino Hotel and Raceway Hooters Casino Hotel Hoover Dam Lodge (formerly known as Gold Strike and Hacienda) Horseshoe Casino Tunica Hotel Carrasco Hotel de Paris (Monte Carlo, Monaco) Hotel Nevada and Gambling Hall Ibiza Gran Hotel (Spain) IP Casino Resort & Spa Island View Casino Isle of Capri Boonville Isle of Capri Casinos Jackpot Junction Jumer's Casino & Hotel Key Largo (defunct) Klondike Hotel and Casino (defunct) The Landmark Hotel and Casino (defunct) Lasseters Hotel Casino Laughlin River Lodge (formerly known as Sam's Town Gold River, Gold River and River Palms) Little Six Casino Longstreet Hotel, Casino, and RV Resort Lucky Club Casino and Hotel Lucky Dragon Hotel and Casino Lumière Place Luxor Las Vegas LVH – Las Vegas Hotel and Casino M Resort Main Street Station Hotel and Casino and Brewery Mandalay Bay Mapes Hotel (defunct) Marina Hotel and Casino Marina Bay Sands (Singapore) Mayagüez Resort & Casino MGM Grand Detroit MGM Grand Las Vegas MGM Resorts International Miccosukee Resort and Gaming The Mint Las Vegas (defunct) The Mirage Mohegan Sun Monte Carlo Resort and Casino Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa MotorCity Casino Hotel Mystic Lake Casino Hotel Nevada Landing Hotel and Casino New Frontier Hotel and Casino New York-New York Hotel and Casino Nugget Casino Resort Oasis (defunct) Okada Manila The Orleans Ormsby House Pala Casino Resort and Spa Palace Bingo and Casino Palace Station The Palazzo Palms Casino Resort Par-A-Dice Hotel and Casino Paris Las Vegas Park Hyatt Mendoza (Argentina) Penthouse Boardwalk Hotel and Casino Peppermill Reno Peppermill Wendover Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino Plaza Hotel & Casino Potawatomi Hotel & Casino Primm Valley Resort The Quad Resort and Casino Railroad Pass Casino Red Garter Casino The Reef Hotel Casino Resorts Casino Hotel Resorts Casino Tunica Resorts World Bimini Resorts World Birmingham Resorts World Genting Resorts World Manila Revel Atlantic City (defunct) Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino The Ritz-Carlton (San Juan, Puerto Rico) Riverside Hotel (Reno, Nevada) (defunct) Riverside Resort Hotel & Casino Riviera Sahara Boardwalk Hotel and Casino San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino Sands Atlantic City Sands Hotel and Casino (defunct) Sands Regency Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino Hollywood Seminole Hard Rock Hotel and Casino Tampa Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel Seven Clans Casino Thief River Falls Seven Feathers Casino Resort Showboat Atlantic City (defunct) Siena Reno Silver Legacy Reno Silver Sevens (formerly known as Continental and Terrible's) Silverton Las Vegas (formerly known as Boomtown Las Vegas) Skyline Casino SLS Las Vegas (formerly known as Sahara Las Vegas) South Point Hotel, Casino & Spa Spirit Mountain Casino (Oregon) Stagecoach Hotel & Casino The Star Gold Coast The Star Sydney Casino & Hotel Stardust Resort and Casino (defunct) Stateline Casino (defunct) Stratosphere Las Vegas Sun City Resort (South Africa) Sun International Suncoast Hotel and Casino Sunset Station Tachi Palace Texas Station Treasure Island Hotel and Casino Treasury Casino Tropicana Casino & Resort Atlantic City Tropicana Club Tropicana Express Hotel and Casino Tropicana Las Vegas Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino (defunct) Trump Taj Mahal (defunct) Trump World's Fair (defunct) Tunica Roadhouse Casino & Hotel Turtle Creek Casino and Hotel Tuscany Suites and Casino Vacation Village (defunct) Vegas World (defunct) The Venetian Las Vegas The Venetian Macao Viejas Casino Waterfront Cebu City Hotel & Casino Wendover Nugget The Western (defunct) Westin Las Vegas Westward Ho Hotel and Casino Wheeling Island Hotel-Casino-Racetrack Whiskey Pete's WinStar World Casino Wrest Point Hotel Casino See also List of casinos List of casinos in the United States List of defunct gambling companies List of Las Vegas Strip hotels Las Vegas Strip - demolished or closed Strip casinos and hotels List of hotels – indexed by country Lists of hotels – an index of hotel list articles on Wikipedia List of tourist attractions worldwide Notes References * Hotels Category:Lists of hotels Hotels	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Metanema Metanema is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Achille Guenée in 1857. It contains the following species: Metanema bonadea Druce 1892 Metanema carnaria Packard 1873 Metanema determinata Walker 1866 Metanema excavaria Schaus 1901 Metanema flavida Dognin 1913 Metanema guatama Schaus 1901 Metanema inatomaria Guenée 1858 Metanema lurida Druce 1898 Metanema margica Schaus 1901 Metanema santella Schaus 1901 Metanema simplex Dyar 1938 Metanema striolata Schaus 1912 Metanema ugallia Dyar 1912 Metanema ustinota Prout 1925 References Category:Hypochrosini	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Fujoshi Rumi is a Japanese seinen manga series written and illustrated by manga author . Plot The series is a comedic romance between two high-school fujoshi and the boys who fall in love with them; much of the humor comes from parodies of stereotypical fujoshi behavior and other otaku topics, and a large number of pop culture references. Release It was first serialized in Japan on April 12, 2006 in Futabasha's seinen manga magazine Comic High!. The series has been licensed in the United States by Media Blasters. It was adapted into a live action drama in 2007. The series is currently available in English in digital format from JManga under the title Otaku-Type Delusion Girl. It has been released in French by Bamboo Edition's Doki-Doki imprint under the title Otaku Girls. Reception The Media Blasters translation of Fujoshi Rumi released to mixed positive reviews, with Anime News Network giving the first two volumes an overall B-, stating "There are a number of typos in the first volume, and several text boxes and balloons are missing words in the second. ... Even so, Fujoshi Rumi is without a doubt one of Media Blasters' best manga releases to date and far and away the best in quite a long time." Pop Culture Shock also reviewed the first two volumes, praising the series' humor, translation notes, and pop culture references. Sequential Tart called the series a "fan-friendly little bubble of fictional high school life". Volumes References External links Category:2006 manga Category:Seinen manga Category:Japanese drama television series Category:Media Blasters Category:Futabasha manga	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Mark Hoppus production discography The following list is a discography of production by Mark Hoppus, an American musician and record producer. It includes a list of guest appearances, songs produced, co-produced, written and remixed by year, artist, album and title. This does not include his work with Blink-182, +44, and Nothing and Nobody. Hoppus has produced albums by bands such as Motion City Soundtrack, New Found Glory, Idiot Pilot and The Matches. Production discography Guest appearances Producing Writing References Notes A. Hoppus provides vocals on this City (Comma) State track that was never officially released; it surfaced online in 2011. General Specific External links Category:Production discographies Category:Discographies of American artists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Heyri Art Valley Heyri Art Valley () is an artistic community in the unification hill district of Tanhyeon-myeon, Paju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It was constructed by artists, writers, painters and other creatives. Heyri Art Valley is Korea's largest artistic community with an area of approximately . In 1997, Heyri was conceived as a planned settlement. It began in 1998 with an inaugural meeting attended by 380 cultural artists. This unique community village integrates concepts that coexist in the fields of production, exhibit, sales, and habitation of cultural art. From a functional perspective, the Heyri Art Valley was planned with an urban form that focused on cultural businesses. It is home to many galleries, museums, exhibit halls, concert halls, small theaters, cafes, restaurants, bookstores, guest houses, art shops, and creative living spaces for artists. Each building was designed by dozens of nationally and internationally renowned architects, who also designed features of the natural landscape, such as mountains, hills, swamps, and brooks. The community derives its name from a traditional Nongyo (farming song), "the sound of Heyri," native to the region. History When it was originally conceptualized in 1997, the village was envisioned as a "book village" that would connect to the nearby Paju Book City as part of the Unification Land Development Project. As development began, the village attracted many artists who contributed ideas to expand the initial vision. Their contributions led to the project's transformation into a broader "cultural art Village" which is now known as Heyri Art Valley. Space Each building in Heyri serves one or more cultural purposes and often has a theme. For example, there is a Magazine House; on the first floor there is a magazine store, on the second, a cafe that sells coffee and bagels, and on the third floor a magazine history exhibit space. In Heyri, there are no buildings taller than three stories. The spaces in Heyri meet one or more of the following purposes: Creation space: The studios of around 380 cultural artists creating in art, music, video, photography, literature and mediums are located in the Heyri. Exhibit space: Many compositions of not only the Heyri's cultural artists but also native and foreign artists are on continuous display here. Performance space: A multi-purpose concert hall and outdoor stage for the performing arts comprise this space. Festival space: A variety of cultural art festivals are held each year here. Education space: Heyri has a cultural art school. There are various fine art instructional institutions here. Discussion space: Seminars and lectures for the art, culture, study and idea are conducted in this space. Commercial spaces: Many cultural artworks are sold at the Heyri. International exchange space: World cultural art lovers visit the Heyri. It also allows many Korean artists to enter the global art market. Dwelling spaces: The primary purpose of the Heyri is to provide spaces for artists-in-residence to focus on their work in an ecologically friendly environment. Tourism Heyri Art Valley attracts many tourists year round that visit to view the art created there. Access Heyri is located approximately 20 miles northwest of Seoul (approximately 1 hour by public transportation). There is no entry fee to the artistic community; however, some of its spaces may charge admission fees. Most of the spaces are closed on Mondays. Festival There are various festivals of varying sizes held in Heyri throughout the year. Management of events and festivals is handled by Heyri or by the individual cultural spaces that host them. Heyri Pan Art Festival Since 1997, the Pan Art Festival has been the primary festival at Heyri. Various visual art festivals, performance art festivals and participatory events are held each day during the Pan Festival. Art Road 77 is one of the significant parts of Pan Art Festival. Since 2009, Art Road 77 has been an art fair as well as a charity event that donates their sales proceeds to Save the Children. References Further reading External links Official website Visit Korea Provence Village Gyeonggi English Village, Paju Camp Odusan Unification Observatory Jangneung (UNESCO World Heritage) Category:Paju Category:Tourist attractions in South Korea Category:Artist groups and collectives	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Maurea blacki Maurea blacki is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Calliostomatidae within the superfamily Trochoidea, the top snails, turban snails and their allies. References Category:Calliostomatidae	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Talus Talus may refer to: Places Talus, California, a community in Inyo County Fictional entities Talus, a young champion in Paladins: Champions of the Realm Talus, a fictional planet in Star Wars Talus, a character in The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser Talus, an enemy in The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild made of animated stone Other uses Talus (fortification), a sloped portion of a fortified wall Talus slope or deposit, a slope formed by an accumulation of broken rock debris, as at the base of a cliff or other high place, also called scree Talus, an electronic design automation tool by Magma Design Automation Talus bone, an ankle bone See also Tallis (disambiguation) Tallus, a communications device in the Marvel Universe Talos (disambiguation)	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Erik Ninn-Hansen Erik Ninn-Hansen (12 April 1922 – 20 September 2014) was a Danish politician. He served in the Cabinet of Hilmar Baunsgaard, first as Defence Minister, and later as Finance Minister. In the early 1970s he became leader of the Conservative People's Party, but without much success, as the party slumped to its worst-ever results in the 1973 and 1975 elections. In the 1980s cabinets of Poul Schlüter, Ninn-Hansen served as Justice Minister. It was from this position that he abused the powers vested in him by illegally stalling family reunion applications from relatives to Tamil refugees, known as the Tamil Case. When the story broke in 1989, Ninn-Hansen was forced to resign as cabinet minister. He served as Speaker of Parliament but, as the scope of the scandal increased, he was forced to resign this office as well. An independent inquiry headed by a Supreme Court Judge was set up to investigate the affair in the late 1980s. The resulting report of this committee led to the resignation of the Conservative-Liberal government in 1993. Later that year, Ninn-Hansen became the first person since 1910 to be impeached for his behavior as a cabinet minister. In 1995 he was convicted on three charges of abuse of power, and was given a four months suspended prison sentence. The most important task in the impeachment process had been to establish responsibility for the affair. Ninn-Hansen's advanced age and poor health weighed against a full prison term. An additional case of ministerial wrongdoing surfaced in 2007. Allegedly, Ninn-Hansen, then Minister of Justice, ordered that the ministry shelved requests to the French courts to have two Palestinian PFLP prisoners and 6 mio. DKK handed over to the Danish justice system, presumably out of fears for new acts of terror on Denmark. The two PFLP members were presumably connected the notorious Danish terror cell Blekingegadebanden and had been caught on 26 March 1984 trying to leave De Gaulle airport France with six million DKK in suitcases, on their way to Damaskus. Earlier that month, on 2 March 1983, a Danish money transport had been robbed of 8.3 mio. DKK by Blekingegadebanden in Købmagergadekuppet, in which a young policeman was shot dead. Police officers responsible for the investigation were silenced by the Ministry of Justice and ordered to cease the investigation. Relevant files in the ministry of justice have routinely been destroyed, and Ninn-Hansen either cannot or will not recall any details. The author Peter Øvig Knudsen discovered correspondence between the French and Danish authorities in the files of the ministry of foreign affairs, as the communications had taken place under the auspiced of that ministry. In 2008 an ongoing investigative commission of cold war affairs, the so-called PET-kommissionen, was asked also to report on this issue. In 2009 it concluded that both the French and Danish authorities mutually and silently had agreed not to prosecute the PLFP prisoners, but also that it was within the discretion of Ninn-Hansen to take such a decision and that he cannot be criticized. There have been several calls in parliament for a new in-depth investigation of this issue. On 20 September 2014 he died at the age of 92. References Category:1922 births Category:2014 deaths Category:Danish Finance Ministers Category:Danish Justice Ministers Category:Danish Defence Ministers Category:Speakers of the Folketing	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
ISO 3166-2:TH ISO 3166-2:TH is the entry for Thailand in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Thailand, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for 1 metropolitan administration, 1 special administrative city, and 76 provinces. The metropolitan administration Bangkok is the capital of the country and has special status equal to the provinces. The special administrative city Pattaya is a self-governing city in Chonburi Province. Each code consists of two parts, separated by a hyphen. The first part is , the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code of Thailand. The second part is two digits, except Pattaya which uses a letter: 1, 2, 6, 7: Central Thailand 3, 4: Northeastern Thailand 5: Northern Thailand 8, 9: Southern Thailand S: Pattaya ISO 3166-2:TH follows the Thai standard TIS 1099, which in turn follows codes assigned by the Ministry of Interior. Current codes Subdivision names are listed as in the ISO 3166-2 standard published by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA). Click on the button in the header to sort each column. See also Subdivisions of Thailand FIPS region codes of Thailand References External links ISO Online Browsing Platform: TH Provinces of Thailand, Statoids.com 2:TH *ISO 3166-2 Category:Thailand-related lists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf (born Henry Joseph Nasiff Jr.; April 20, 1962 – September 4, 2001) was an American entertainer. Hank appeared numerous times on The Howard Stern Show and on the televised studio segments which aired on the E! channel. He was a member of the show's Wack Pack. His career began August 16, 1996, when he entered Stern's studio at radio station WXRK (K-Rock) in New York City. Hank was tall, and weighed . Hank received widespread media coverage in 1998 when he won a People magazine online poll asking the public to vote for the most beautiful person in the world as part of the run up promotion for the magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People" issue. When the public was given the option to submit a write-in candidate, the magazine had not counted on 230,169 votes for Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf—beating out assorted celebrities by a wide margin. In third place was Leonardo DiCaprio with 14,471 votes. In the early years of public participation on the Internet, media critics responded by wondering whether this was evidence of an emerging digital democracy. Early life Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf was born Henry Joseph Nasiff Jr. on April 20, 1962 in Fall River, Massachusetts. He was diagnosed with achondroplasia dwarfism a week after he was born. His mother, Claudette, taught him from a young age that he could do whatever he set his mind to do, and Hank learned to ride a bike and participated in Little League Baseball for several seasons. When Hank was twelve he had an operation on his legs to straighten them. Although doctors had said that he would eventually require more surgery, Hank put off doing it and ultimately opted to not undergo another operation. Before being associated with the Howard Stern Show, Hank had a bit part in an ongoing performance of Finnegans Wake at a Boston dinner theater. Hank played a character who would pop up out of a beer keg at the end of each performance. He was paid $50 to say four lines of dialogue. The gig lasted two years. First Stern Show appearance Hank met Howard Stern on August 16, 1996, after driving to New York City with a friend from the Boston dinner theatre. After a night of drinking, Hank was waiting outside the K-Rock studios in Manhattan at 5:30am. He never had a doubt that he would make it onto the air. Stern's producer Gary Dell'Abate recalled arriving at work and encountering an obviously intoxicated dwarf who aggressively demanded that he be permitted to meet Stern: There was a dwarf standing there, and I remember he was wearing a Hawaiian shirt and one of those Hawaiian leis. And he had a vodka bottle in his hand... and he was drunk beyond belief. And it really was like a gift for our show. It was like a gift fell out of the sky. He could go to Regis, he could go to Letterman, he could go to all those shows, and they'd have him arrested. And I said 'Howard, I just walked in and there's a drunken dwarf wearing a Hawaiian lei, with a vodka bottle.' And [Howard] said, 'Bring him in immediately.' He really found the right place. Hank's first appearance that day included reading a series of one-sentence jabs against various groups and ethnicities which he had scrawled on a piece of paper the night before. Hank asserted from his first on-air conversation with Stern that he be referred to as a dwarf and not a midget, and was quick to correct anyone who violated this rule, viewing it as an issue of respect. The name of Hank's character came about spontaneously during his first appearance. During that day's show, Howard Stern commented: "I've always wanted an angry, drunken dwarf on my program and now I've got one". A short time later he added, "Isn't this great? An angry dwarf, an angry drunken dwarf. Everything I've ever dreamed about." From his first appearance until his death five years later, Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf became a popular character on the show. Never afraid to express himself, Hank would come across completely unguarded. In terms of being belligerent, Hank's manager Doug Z. Goodstein explained that this tended to only occur when Hank was really drunk and people would heckle him. He described Hank "as a relatively soft-spoken polite guy who quite often had a big smile on his face." Behind Hank's public persona, an underlying "good nature" tended to shine through, which fans seemed to recognize. During the first few years, Hank would take the bus from Boston each month as soon as he got his SSI disability check. Hank was a member of the show's Wack Pack and soon attracted a large informal fan base. Hank was not paid for his appearances on Howard Stern, but he said sometimes they would "slip [him] a little under the table." Adding, "What do I need money for anyway? People fight to buy me drinks." Most Beautiful Person poll In May 1998, People Magazine conducted an online poll on their website asking the public to vote to determine the "Most Beautiful People" in the world as part of the promotion for their annual Spring issue. The film Titanic had been released the previous winter, and had a prominent position in American popular culture. There were indications that People's editors simply assumed that the film's leading star, Leonardo DiCaprio, would automatically garner the most votes. The magazine also allowed readers to submit a write-in candidate. The suggestion to vote for Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf started on a Stern fan website and was discussed on message boards, and Howard Stern mentioned it on air a few times. Word started to spread and votes for Hank started coming into People Online at a rate of fifty per minute. The voting lasted a week, and by that Wednesday Hank had garnered 50,000 votes as a write-in candidate. The following Tuesday, the official poll results were posted and Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf had won by a landslide with 230,169 votes. DiCaprio's final tally was 14,471 votes (third place). In second-place was another write-in candidate, professional wrestler Ric Flair, with 17,145 votes. The executive editor of People was none too thrilled with the poll's outcome, stating, "Frankly, I think it's stupid." When People's "50 Most Beautiful People" issue was released, DiCaprio appeared on the cover. (The magazine photographed Hank so that he was mentioned on their website along with the more famous runners-up). Details of what had happened with the poll were picked up by various media; as one writer explained, "Voting for Hank offered people a chance to violate People's expectations while still playing by its rules". Some observers concluded that the reaction by the public to vote for Hank was a veiled commentary on how the media assumes that the masses are easily manipulated into liking what is marketed to them. The New York Times quoted a participant in the poll as stating, "The 'media' tells us what food to eat, what movies to see, what music to listen to, who to vote for politically and what kind of people are attractive enough to have relationships with!...Voting for 'Hank the Dwarf' is a reflection of how the people really feel about media!" And some saw it as public recognition of Hank's "inner beauty." Hank himself often wondered what it all meant. Memorable appearances Whenever Hank appeared on the Stern Show inevitably he would be carrying a green plastic bottle of Sprite or some other soda mixed with vodka. He explained that it was so he could drink during the bus commute from Boston without getting hassled. Hank would don a costume for some appearances, such as when he was an angel with wings and a halo; a leprechaun; or dressed as Superman. On March 4, 1998, Hank dressed in a pink rabbit suit, took a succession of phone calls from Stern listeners, sang karaoke to Led Zeppelin songs, and blew a .375 on a breathalyzer test. During another appearance dressed in the same costume, Hank made a visit to illusionist David Blaine, who was encased in a large block of ice outside on the street in New York City. Speaking to Hank remotely, Stern wanted Hank to urinate on the ice. Hank wasn't willing to do that, but he did give Blaine the finger. After the publicity generated by the online poll, Hank started appearing more often on the Stern Show. In June 1998, Hank was followed by the cameras of E! Entertainment Television as he was given a make-over. Hank had his 1970s-era hair cut at a salon; had a manicure; received an eye exam and new glasses; got fitted for a tuxedo; and was supposed to have his teeth cleaned at a dentist, but was too inebriated. One of the producers from E! started managing Hank, and soon he was being offered various paying gigs to make appearances at bachelor parties, bars, strip clubs, etc. His manager related in an interview that "Hank was diligent in finding out every fine detail about his appearances and treated them with the utmost professionalism." Hank would be hired to sing karaoke, bartend, or hurl insults. He also started merchandising a line of T-shirts and key chains. Hank, once dependent on disability checks, was now making $5,000–7,000 per month. He had bought himself a new stereo, and was most excited about almost being out of credit card debt. When Hank was asked if he wasn't worried that he was being exploited he replied: "No, and even If I am I don't care, I'm making money." In 2000 Hank was hired by Interplay Entertainment to promote the developer's upcoming video game Messiah. Hank donned an angel costume and wandered the streets of various cities with a sign promoting the game. Several videos of these public events were eventually released as commercials to advertise the game. Rock trivia contest Despite his physical limitations and alcohol-related troubles, Hank was intelligent and had an exceptional knowledge of rock music trivia, especially 1960s-70s rock music. In what many fans consider to be one of his most memorable appearances, on April 25, 2001 Hank competed against Stern producer Gary Dell'Abate in a rock music trivia contest (Dell'Abate was scheduled to be a contestant on VH1's Rock & Roll Jeopardy!). Despite being so inebriated that it was difficult for him to sit fully upright in his chair, Hank easily won the contest. Among the questions that Hank answered correctly included, "Who played keyboards on 'Let It Be'?"; and "Which group sang the song, 'Green-Eyed Lady'?" After the match was over, Hank insisted on lying down in the studio and passed out for several minutes. The segment was televised on the Howard Stern Show on E!, and has since aired on Howard TV on demand. During a later Stern show, Hank also competed against Sugar Ray lead singer Mark McGrath in a rock trivia contest, which Hank also won. Film and television Hank was friends with actor Billy Barty and had auditioned for a part in the 1988 movie Willow in which Barty had a role as a benevolent wizard, but Hank did not get the part. Because of his friendship with Barty, Hank raised money every year for the Billy Barty Foundation to Benefit Little People. Hank made at least one appearance on WWF Raw is War; and starred in a local commercial selling used cars. In 2000, Hank played the role of "God" in the movie Citizen Toxie: The Toxic Avenger IV. In 2000, Hank had a supporting actor role in the film Shoe Shine Boys playing a mustached felon named Leo Henry Williams. Actor Martin Landau saw the film and was so impressed with Hank's performance that he arranged a meeting and met Hank. (the film's title was later changed to Prank). In 2001 Hank had a guest starring role in an episode of the FX network comedy Son of the Beach. Death Hank would occasionally cut down on his drinking. During a Stern Show segment in August 1999 in which Howie Mandel was the guest, Hank explained that when he reduced his intake of alcohol it precipitated him to go into a seizure during an appearance in California. In a documentary short that profiled Hank, his mother related how doctors had told her that Hank's liver was damaged, and that she didn't know how long he had to live, and that she "didn't know what to do." Hank had been in rehab before, as well as court-mandated detox, and it had never worked. Once Hank was even kicked out of Alcoholics Anonymous because he brought into the meeting a bottle of MD 20-20 and started drinking it five seconds after the meeting started. Regarding trying to get Hank help for his alcoholism, Howard Stern explained, "People always asked me if we tried to get him to stop drinking, and I said all the time we did..." Stern also related that there were employees of the show who tried to get Hank into programs. Hank had related that he first tried alcohol when his grandfather had given him a taste of blackberry brandy when he was around seven or eight years old (his grandfather died when Hank was eight). Although the schtick of Hank the Angry Drunken Dwarf was that Hank drank because he was angry about being a dwarf, Hank had actually experienced significant trauma in his life as a child. On his first appearance on the Stern Show he related how he had been sexually abused by a male when he was seven years old (Hank explained that it was someone unrelated to him). Later, during another Stern appearance, when asked further about the incident, Hank said that the abuse was in the form of rape. As he got older he said that he almost took out lethal revenge against the perpetrator. When Hank reached adolescence, particularly around the age of fourteen, his drinking started to pick up, and he slowly started "to build up a tolerance". On the afternoon of September 4, 2001, Hank died in his sleep at the home he shared with his parents in Fall River. His mother discovered that he had died when she went to wake him. He was 39 years old. His death certificate listed his immediate cause of death as a seizure disorder, with ethanol abuse and chondrodystrophy as contributing factors. Hank is buried at the Notre Dame Cemetery in Fall River, Massachusetts. The next day, Howard Stern devoted most of the show to Hank. Hank's mother, Claudette, called into the Stern Show on September 10, 2001, to publicly thank everyone who attended Hank's funeral and wake. She also thanked everyone who e-mailed, and sent their condolences. She told an anecdote about how someone in the family had put a can of beer in Hank's casket. She said that "someone else slipped a bottle of Jack Daniel's in under Hank's coat." She ultimately left the items in the casket because she said that's what Hank would have wanted. Aftermath Talk of Hank's death in the media was cut short by the events of 9/11. Early in the 8 O'Clock hour of the Stern Show on 9/11, Stern was interviewing an executive from the E! channel who said that they were going to produce an E! True Hollywood Story about Hank and that Hank actually had quite a few friends in the entertainment industry. (The first plane crashed into the World Trade Center at 8:46am). The episode, "Hank the Angry Dwarf", aired February 20, 2002, according to TV Guide. References External links Category:1962 births Category:2001 deaths Category:Alcohol-related deaths in Massachusetts Category:American people of Lebanese descent Category:American radio personalities Category:People from Fall River, Massachusetts Category:Entertainers with dwarfism	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Old Blue Old Blue may refer to: Old Blue, an alumnus of Christ's Hospital Old Blue, an alumnus of the University of California, Berkeley Old Blue (song), an old folk song, from which many variations have arisen Old Blue (rugby club), a Rugby Super League (US) team based in New York City The type of British passport issued before 1993 Old Blue (black robin), the last remaining fertile female that saved the black robin from extinction A conservation award given by Forest and Bird named after the black robin A traditional name for Yale University	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carl Filtsch Carl Filtsch (28 May 1830 – 11 May 1845) was a Transylvanian pianist and composer. He was a child prodigy, and student of Frédéric Chopin. Life and education Filtsch was born in Mühlbach (Sebeș) in present-day Romania. His father, a Lutheran church pastor in Mühlbach, was his first piano teacher. It was his first public success at the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna. Carl and his brother Joseph, also a child pianist, arrived in Paris on November 29, 1841 and immediately sought out Chopin to be Carl's teacher. Though Chopin almost never taught children, and rarely gave a student more than one lesson per week, he agreed to teach Carl, and gave him three lessons per week. Considered Chopin's most talented pupil, Filtsch received high praise from Franz Liszt, Friedrich Wieck, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, the music critic Ludwig Rellstab, and fellow child prodigy, Anton Rubinstein. Filtsch began touring Europe on concert tours at the age of 13. After triumphant concerts in Paris, London, and Vienna, his promising career was cut short by an early death in Venice from tuberculosis. Quality of playing According to numerous letters from Chopin and his acquaintances, Chopin considered Filtsch the most worthy interpreter of his music. A friend of Chopin, Ferdinand Denis, reported in an article in Vienna's Der Humorist in February 1843 that on one occasion after listening to Filtsch, Chopin exclaimed, "My God! What a child! Nobody has ever understood me as this child has...It is not imitation, it is the same sentiment, an instinct that makes him play without thinking as if it could not have been any other way. He plays almost all my compositions without having heard me [play them], without being shown the smallest thing - not exactly like me [because he has his own cachet], but certainly not less well." Recordings Filtsch, Talberg, Liszt, Chopin: Piano music - Leonhard Westermayr (CD MMS 2616) (2010) Mikuli, Teffelsen, Filtsch, Gutmann: Piano music - Hubert Rutkowski (Naxos 8.572344) (2011) Mikuli, Teffelsen, Filtsch: Violin & piano music - Voytek Proniewicz, Alexander Jakobidze-Gitman (Naxos 8.572460) (2012) Tellefsen and Filtsch: Piano Concerto, Concert Piece, Overture - Hubert Rutkowski, Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Lukasz Borowicz (Accord 177 2) (2016) Carl Filtsch Piano Solo Pieces - Chiyo Hagiwara (ALCD-9161) References External links The Annual Filtsch Piano Competition Konzertstueck by Carl Filtsch (1830-1845) Partial list of works Category:Polish Romantic composers Category:Austrian classical composers Category:Austrian children Category:Transylvanian-Saxon people Category:1830 births Category:1845 deaths Category:Austrian classical pianists Category:Male pianists Category:Child classical musicians Category:Pupils of Frédéric Chopin Category:People from Sebeș Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis Category:19th-century classical composers Category:19th-century classical pianists Category:19th-century male musicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Crank (person) Crank is a pejorative term used for a person who holds an unshakable belief that most of his or her contemporaries consider to be false. A crank belief is so wildly at variance with those commonly held that it is considered ludicrous. Cranks characteristically dismiss all evidence or arguments which contradict their own unconventional beliefs, making any rational debate a futile task and rendering them impervious to facts, evidence, and rational inference. Common synonyms for crank include crackpot and kook. A crank differs from a fanatic in that the subject of the fanatic's obsession is either not necessarily widely regarded as wrong or not necessarily a "fringe" belief. Similarly, the word quack is reserved for someone who promotes a medical remedy or practice that is widely considered to be ineffective; this term, however, does not imply any deep belief in the idea or product they are attempting to sell. Crank may also refer to an ill-tempered individual or one who is in a bad mood, but that usage is not the subject of this article. Although experts in the field find a crank's beliefs ridiculous, cranks are sometimes very successful in convincing non-experts of their views. A famous example is the Indiana Pi Bill where a state legislature nearly wrote into law a crank result in geometry. Etymology English crank in its modern sense is first recorded 1833, and cranky in a sense of "irritable" dates from 1821. The term was popularised in 1872 for being applied to Horace Greeley who was ridiculed during his campaign for the U.S. presidency. In 1882, the term was used to describe Charles Guiteau, who shot U.S. president James Garfield. Following news reports of Guiteau's trial, crank spread to describe obsessed baseball fans. In 1906, Nature offered essentially the same definition which is used here: The word crackpot apparently also first appeared in 1883: In Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, the terms crackpot, crackbrain, and cracked are synonymous, and suggest a metaphorically "broken" head. The terms crazy and crazed also originally meant "broken" and derive from the same root word as cracked. The dictionary gives no indication that pate and pot have the same root, despite their apparent similarity, and implied colloquial use of pot to mean "head" in the word crackpot. However, the term craze is also used to refer to minute cracks in pottery glaze, again suggesting the metaphorical connection of cracked pots with questionable mental health. The term kook appears to be much more recent. The adjectival form, kooky, was apparently coined as part of American teenager (or beatnik) slang, which derives from the pejorative meaning of the noun cuckoo. In late 1958, Edd Byrnes first played a hair-combing parking lot attendant called "Kookie" on 77 Sunset Strip. The noun form kook, was defined in 1960 in Britain's Daily Mail newspaper as "a screwball who is 'gone' farther than most". Common characteristics The second book of the mathematician and popular author Martin Gardner was a study of crank beliefs, Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science. More recently, the mathematician Underwood Dudley has written a series of books on mathematical cranks, including The Trisectors, Mathematical Cranks, and Numerology: Or, What Pythagoras Wrought. And in a 1992 UseNet post, the mathematician John Baez humorously proposed a checklist, the Crackpot index, intended to diagnose cranky beliefs regarding contemporary physics. According to these authors, virtually universal characteristics of cranks include: Cranks overestimate their own knowledge and ability, and underestimate that of acknowledged experts. Cranks insist that their alleged discoveries are urgently important. Cranks rarely, if ever, acknowledge any error, no matter how trivial. Cranks love to talk about their own beliefs, often in inappropriate social situations, but they tend to be bad listeners, being uninterested in anyone else's experience or opinions. Some cranks lack academic achievement, in which case they typically assert that academic training in the subject of their crank belief is not only unnecessary for discovering the truth, but actively harmful because they believe it poisons the minds by teaching falsehoods. Others greatly exaggerate their personal achievements, and may insist that some achievement (real or alleged) in some entirely unrelated area of human endeavor implies that their cranky opinion should be taken seriously. Some cranks claim vast knowledge of any relevant literature, while others claim that familiarity with previous work is entirely unnecessary. In addition, the overwhelming majority of cranks: seriously misunderstand the mainstream opinion to which they believe that they are objecting, stress that they have been working out their ideas for many decades, and claim that this fact alone shows that their belief cannot be dismissed as resting upon some simple error, compare themselves with luminaries in their chosen field (often Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Leonhard Euler, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein or Georg Cantor), implying that the mere unpopularity of some belief is not good reason for it to be dismissed, claim that their ideas are being suppressed, typically backed up by conspiracy theories invoking intelligence organizations, mainstream science, powerful business interests, or other groups which, they allege, are terrified by the possibility of their revolutionary insights becoming widely known, appear to regard themselves as persons of unique historical importance. Cranks who contradict some mainstream opinion in some highly technical field, (e.g. mathematics, cryptography, physics) may: exhibit a marked lack of technical ability, misunderstand or do not use standard notation and terminology, ignore fine distinctions which are essential to correctly understand mainstream belief. That is, cranks tend to ignore any previous insights which have been proven by experience to facilitate discussion and analysis of the topic of their cranky claims; indeed, they often assert that these innovations obscure rather than clarify the situation. In addition, cranky scientific theories often do not in fact qualify as theories as this term is commonly understood within science. For example, crank theories in physics typically fail to result in testable predictions, which makes them unfalsifiable and hence unscientific. Or the crank may present their ideas in such a confused, not even wrong manner that it is impossible to determine what they are actually claiming. Perhaps surprisingly, many cranks may appear quite normal when they are not passionately expounding their cranky belief, and they may even be successful in careers unrelated to their cranky beliefs. Internet cranks The rise of the Internet has given another outlet to people well outside the mainstream who may get labeled cranks due to internet postings or websites promoting particular beliefs. There are a number of websites devoted to listing people as cranks. Community-edited websites like Wikipedia have been described as vulnerable to cranks. Science fiction author and critic Bruce Sterling noted in his essay in CATSCAN 13: Online communication can wonderfully liberate the tender soul of some well-meaning personage who, for whatever reason, is physically uncharismatic. Unfortunately, online communication also fertilizes the eccentricities of hopeless cranks, who at last find themselves in firm possession of a wondrous soapbox that the Trilateral Commission and the Men In Black had previously denied them. There are also newsgroups which are nominally devoted to discussing (alt.usenet.kooks) or poking fun at (alt.slack, alt.religion.kibology) supposed cranks. Crank magnetism The term crank magnetism was coined by physiologist and blogger Mark Hoofnagle on the Denialism Blog in 2007 to describe the propensity of cranks to hold multiple irrational, unsupported or ludicrous beliefs that are often unrelated to one another, referring to his claims that William Dembski endorses both a Holocaust denier and a conspiracy theory put forward by Peter Duesberg. Crank magnetism may be considered to operate wherever a single person propounds a number of unrelated denialist conjectures, poorly supported conspiracy theories, or pseudoscientific claims. Thus, some of the common crank characteristics—such as the lack of technical ability, ignorance of scientific terminology, and claims that alternative ideas are being suppressed by the mainstream—may be operating on and manifested in multiple orthogonal assertions. Hoofnagle's fellow blogger Orac has discussed crank magnetism in relation to the writings of British columnist Melanie Phillips, whom he alleges denies anthropogenic global warming while promoting intelligent design and the discredited view that the MMR vaccine causes autism in children. Blogger Luke Scientiæ has commented on the relationship between the number of unrelated claims that magnetic cranks make and the extent of their open hostility to science. He has also coined the phrase "magnetic hoax" in relation to hoax claims that attract multiple crank interpretations. Studies One study, NASA faked the moon landing—Therefore (Climate) Science is a Hoax: An Anatomy of the Motivated Rejection of Science, gave evidence that climate change denial correlated with moon landing and 9/11 conspiracy theories, staunch beliefs in laissez-faire free-market capitalism, denial of the link between tobacco smoking and lung cancer, HIV/AIDS denialism and MLK death conspiracy theories: Although nearly all domain experts agree that human CO2 emissions are altering the world's climate, segments of the public remain unconvinced by the scientific evidence. Internet blogs have become a vocal platform for climate denial, and bloggers have taken a prominent and influential role in questioning climate science. We report a survey (N > 1100) of climate blog users to identify the variables underlying acceptance and rejection of climate science. Paralleling previous work, we find that endorsement of a laissez-faire conception of free-market economics predicts rejection of climate science (r ' .80 between latent constructs). Endorsement of the free market also predicted the rejection of other established scientific findings, such as the facts that HIV causes AIDS and that smoking causes lung cancer. We additionally show that endorsement of a cluster of conspiracy theories (e.g., that the CIA killed Martin-Luther King or that NASA faked the moon landing) predicts rejection of climate science as well as the rejection of other scientific findings, above and beyond endorsement of laissez-faire free markets. This provides empirical confirmation of previous suggestions that conspiracist ideation contributes to the rejection of science. Acceptance of science, by contrast, was strongly associated with the perception of a consensus among scientists. Another study titled Dead and Alive: Beliefs in Contradictory Conspiracy Theories managed to show that, not only will cranks be attracted to and believe in numerous conspiracy theories all at once, but will continue to do so even if the theories in question are completely and utterly incompatible with one another. For instance, the study showed that: "... the more participants believed that Princess Diana faked her own death, the more they believed that she was murdered [and that] ... the more participants believed that Osama Bin Laden was already dead when U.S. special forces raided his compound in Pakistan, the more they believed he is still alive," and that "Hierarchical regression models showed that mutually incompatible conspiracy theories are positively associated because both are associated with the view that the authorities are engaged in a cover-up". Studies such as Belief in Conspiracy Theories state that conspiracy theories relating to the assassination of JFK, the moon landing and the September 11th attacks are united by a common thread: distrust of the government-endorsed story. This leads the believer to attach other conspiracies as well. Someone with a distrust of the government will likely reject any and all stories or reports directly issued by state agencies or other authorities that are seen as part of the establishment. Thus, any conspiracy will seem more plausible to the conspiracy theorist because this fits with their worldview. Cultic milieu In academic sociology, a similar notion to crank magnetism exists, namely Colin Campbell's concept of the cultic milieu, which he used: ...to refer to a society's deviant belief systems and practices and their associated collectivities, institutions, individuals, and media of communication. He described it as including "the worlds of the occult and the magical, of spiritualism and psychic phenomena, of mysticism and new thought, of alien intelligences and lost civilizations, of faith healing and nature cure" (Campbell 1972:122), and it can be seen, more generally, to be the point at which deviant science meets deviant religion. What unifies these diverse elements, apart from a consciousness of their deviant status and an ensuing sense of common cause, is an overlapping communication structure of magazines, pamphlets, lectures, and informal meetings, together with the common ideology of seekership. Michael Barkun's book A Culture of Conspiracy traces the history of certain UFO and "New World Order" conspiracy theories. He finds that these theories and communities were originally distinct, but that certain bookshops and magazines would sell/advertise books of both genres. He traces, over the years, the gradual synthesis as ideas from one milieu start to invade another until both communities routinely refer to both Area 51 and black helicopters as part of the same conspiracy canon, for example. He describes the process as Improvisational Millennialism, where people select from existing conspiracy theories to invent their own synthesis. But largely posits that the synthesis as driven by the theories sharing the same transmission channels. Notable cranks Notable personalities that are widely regarded as cranks include: Ignatius L. Donnelly Edward J. Goodwin Carl Theodore Heisel Otis Eugene Ray See also Crackpot index Creativity and mental illness Eccentricity (behavior) Illusory superiority Donna Kossy Dunning–Kruger effect List of topics characterized as pseudoscience Paranoia Pseudophysics Pseudoscholarship Pseudoscience Tallinna narrid ja narrikesed Spoofs Kibo Psychoceramics References Further reading Williams, William F. (Editor) (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy Facts on File Kossy, Donna. Kooks: A Guide to the Outer Limits of Human Belief, Los Angeles: Feral House, 2001 (2nd ed. exp. from 1994). () External links Crank Dot Net Cranks and their theories listed and categorised. Category:Pseudo-scholarship Category:Pejorative terms for people Category:Narcissism Category:Cognitive inertia Category:Belief Category:Personality traits Category:Internet culture	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hippotion pentagramma Hippotion pentagramma is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from the arid areas in Arabia, Somalia and Ethiopia. The length of the forewings is 22–24 rnm. The head, body and forewings are pale sandy brown. The forewings are marked with five narrow evenly curved parallel darker lines running from the inner margin to the apex and costa. The intensity of these lines is variable and some specimens are almost unmarked. The hindwings are greyish brown at the base, pinkish towards the outer margin. The underside is pinkish. References Pinhey, E. (1962): Hawk Moths of Central and Southern Africa. Longmans Southern Africa, Cape Town. Category:Hippotion Category:Moths described in 1910 Category:Insects of Ethiopia Category:Fauna of Somalia Category:Moths of Africa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Timoci Tuivaga Sir Timoci Uluiburotu Tuivaga (21 October 1931 – 30 December 2015) was a Fijian judge, who served as Chief Justice from 31 March 1980 to 31 July 2002, when he retired. He was Fiji's first native-born Chief Justice. Education and career Tuivaga was educated at the University of Auckland in New Zealand where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts on a Lau Provincial Council Scholarship. He was further educated in Middle Temple in London, where he read Law. He was admitted to the bar in 1964 and served as a Native Magistrate from 1958 to 1961. He was appointed as Crown Counsel in 1965, becoming their principal legal officer in 1968. He held this office till 1970. In 1972, he was appointed to the bench as a Puisne judge. When the Chief Justice, Sir Clifford Grant, resigned in 1980 under pressure from Fiji's first Prime Minister, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, Tuivaga was appointed Chief Justice by the Governor-General of Fiji, Ratu Sir George Cakobau. Knighthood Sir Timoci was awarded a knighthood in the 1980 Queen's Birthday Honours List for his achievement as the first native Chief Justice of Fiji. He travelled to London to receive the knighthood at Buckingham Palace. Coup controversies Tuivaga upheld the independence of the judiciary in the wake of the two military coups that rocked Fiji in 1987. His actions in a later coup in 2000, however, generated much controversy. Together with two other judges, Michael Scott and Daniel Fatiaki (who later succeeded him as Chief Justice), Tuivaga advised the then-President, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, to abrogate the Constitution, as requested by the Military. Mara refused and resigned on 29 May. An Interim Military Government, headed by Commodore Frank Bainimarama took power, abrogated the Constitution, and promulgated the Administration of Justice Decree, which Tuivaga had drafted. This decree abolished the Supreme Court, made the Chief Justice the President of the Appeal Court (of which, according to the constitution, he had previously been barred from membership). Another decree extended the retirement age of the Chief Justice from 70 years to 75. Fiji Law Society President Peter Knight condemned Tuivaga's actions, saying, "The eyes of the profession, the nation and the world are upon the judiciary. It cannot be seen to openly condone criminal activity. It should as a matter of record that it will continue to occupy and function in its judicial role in the same uncompromising manner as it had done prior to 19 May." (These changes to the judiciary were subsequently reversed by a High Court decision to reinstate the Constitution on 15 November 2000. This decision was upheld by the Appeal Court on 1 March 2001). Tuivaga was subsequently sued by members of the deposed government of Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry for his role in abrogating the constitution, which all judges were bound by oath to uphold. In an interview with the Daily Post on 15 June 2000, Tuivaga defended his role, saying it was not an endorsement but a practical acknowledgement of "reality." "While a de facto government is in place it is impossible for me as Chief Justice not to acknowledge its actual existence as a matter of political reality," he said. The Interim Military Government, which he called "the only viable alternative government," needed to be recognized, he said, given the "situation triggered by the state of insurrection in the country which so far has proved insidiously intractable". These changes to the judiciary authorized by the decrees that Tuivaga had drafted were subsequently reversed by a High Court decision to reinstate the Constitution on 15 November 2000. This decision was upheld by the Appeal Court on 1 March 2001. That year, he turned 70, the retirement age mandated by the restored Constitution. On 1 August 2002, Daniel Fatiaki succeeded him as Chief Justice. Failed ICC candidacy Following his retirement as Chief Justice, the Fijian government nominated Tuivaga as Fiji's candidate for a position on the new International Criminal Court (ICC). His role in the 2000 coup came back to haunt him, and the Fiji Law Society strongly criticized his nomination. In what the Fijian government saw as a humiliation, he was forced to withdraw his nomination during the balloting on 9 February 2003, when Samoan candidate Tuiloma Neroni Slade outpolled him. Reconciliation and Unity Commission In May 2005, Tuivaga spoke out in favour of the government's proposed Reconciliation and Unity Commission, which would, if established, have the power to compensate victims of offenses related to the 2000 coup, and amnesty to its perpetrators, subject to presidential approval. Tuivaga cautioned, however, that the workability of the arrangement would depend on the good will of the parties involved. On 26 May 2005, the Rev. Akuila Yabaki of the Citizens Constitutional Forum expressed concern at reports that Tuivaga might be appointed to chair the proposed commission, reports downplayed by both Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase and Opposition Leader Mahendra Chaudhry. Under investigation In the wake of the military coup which deposed the Qarase government on 5 December 2006, Interim Attorney-General Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum announced on 22 January 2007 that there would be an inquiry into allegations concerning the role of the judiciary in the events of 2000. It was reported that Tuivaga might be subject to the inquiry. In a letter to the Fiji Sun on 23 January, Tuivaga expressed surprise, saying that the Constitution of Fiji makes no provision for investigating retired members of the judiciary. Memoir In October 2014, Sir Timoci released his memoirs titled, A Memoir of Sir Timoci Tuivaga Kt. CF. Personal life Tuivaga, who hailed from the village of Yaroi on Matuku Island, in the Lau archipelago, was the son of Isimeili Siga Tuivaga and Jessie Hill. On 20 December 1958, he married Dr. Viliamina Leba Parrott Savu at the Centenary Methodist Church in Suva. In 1992, Lady Vilimaina Savu Tuivaga suffered a cerebral stroke. She died on 13 January 2000. In July 2002, Tuivaga married Raijeli Vasakula, a lawyer and the eldest daughter of former Deputy Prime Minister and academic Tupeni Baba and Adi Miriama Cagilaba. They reside in Muanikau and Raijeli continues to run her own law practice today.. Tuivaga had five children (William, Jessie, John and Timothy) and eleven grandchildren. In a traditional reunification Fijian ceremony in 2013, Tuivaga and his clan welcomed and acknowledged Captain Koresi Toaisi Tuivaga, of Maqbool Road, Nadera, as the eldest of the Tuivaga children. Death Tuivaga had gone out to play nine holes at the Suva Golf Club on Wednesday, 30 December 2015. Afterwards he came into the club for drinks with friends and collapsed. Efforts by Army Commander Viliame Naupoto were unsuccessful. Having lived a full life, Sir Timoci died at 84 years old. References Citations Category:1931 births Category:2015 deaths Category:Chief Justices of Fiji Category:Fijian judges Category:People from Matuku Island Category:University of Auckland alumni	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Swamp Fox (roller coaster) The Swamp Fox wooden roller coaster is located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina It is one of 37 rides at Family Kingdom Amusement Park. The coaster is named after American Revolutionary War leader, Francis Marion. The Swamp Fox is a wooden roller coaster that runs over a , figure-eight track. The “double out and back” design takes riders to heights of at speeds up to and features dramatic drops of up to . In one experiment performed on the Swamp Fox, operators found that the train ran its track anywhere from eight to 10 seconds faster at 9 p.m. than it did around 2 p.m. in the afternoon. The Swamp Fox roller coaster, built by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company of Pennsylvania, opened in 1966 as one of the rides at Grand Strand Amusement Park. In 1992, that park was purchased by the Ammons family and rechristened "Family Kingdom Amusement Park". The Swamp Fox was then totally refurbished according to the original specifications of the original design by John C. Allen. In 2016, American Coaster Enthusiasts marked the 50th anniversary of the Swamp Fox by adding a historical marker. The Swamp Fox was declared a historic structure by the city in March 2017. References External links Review of the Swamp Fox Roller Coaster at TheCoasterCritic.com Category:Roller coasters introduced in 1966	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nabob, Wisconsin Nabob is an unincorporated community located in the town of West Bend, Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. Nabob is located near Wisconsin Highway 33 and Wisconsin Highway 144 west of the city of West Bend. It was the site of St. Mathias Catholic Church (the graveyard of which is still extant), and is sometimes called St. Mathias for that reason. There was still a Nabob post office in 1901. References Category:Unincorporated communities in Washington County, Wisconsin Category:Unincorporated communities in Wisconsin	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
EM1 The term EM1 may refer to : Science and technology Old name of Artemis 1, Exploration Mission-1, a planned mission for NASA's Orion spacecraft Olympus OM-D E-M1, a compact mirrorless interchangeable lens camera Korg Electribe EM-1, a digital synthesizer EM-1 Microbial Inoculant, first product in the line of effective microorganism supplements EM1, a designation for a vacuum tube, of Magic Eye type Transport British Rail Class 76, or Class EM1, an electric locomotive EM-1, a class of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad locomotives Elias EM-1, a 1920s prototype US military biplane EM1, chassis code for a 1995–2000 Honda Civic coupe EM1, a type of Honda E engine used for the Honda Civic during 1980–83 Other EM-1, an experimental British assault rifle, precursor of the EM-2 rifle EM1, or Electrician's Mate 1st Class, an enlisted rate in the US Navy and US Coast Guard EM1, a category for streaming pupils formerly used in education in Singapore	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Geoffrey Tyler Geoffrey Tyler (born 10 June 1920 – 28 April 2012) was an English educationalist. He was born in Ilford, Essex. A keen composer and singer, he has published books of songs for children. Education Ilford County High School Manchester University University College, Oxford Career Armament Supply Officer, Admiralty HQ, 1938–46 Assistant Master, Barrow Grammar School, 1951–53 Administrative Assistant, School of Education, Manchester University, 1953–55 Professional Assistant, Cheshire LEA, 1956–57 Assistant Education Officer (Schools), Wiltshire LEA, 1957–61 Further Education Officer, Buckinghamshire LEA, 1961–65 Vice-Principal, Mid-Essex Technical College, Chelmsford, 1965–69 Principal, Ealing Technical College, London, 1969–75 Director, East Sussex College of Higher Education, 1976–78 Associate Director, Brighton Polytechnic, 1978–79 Governor, then Vice-Chairman, then Chairman, Eastbourne College of Further Education, 1979–93 Chairman of Corporation, Eastbourne College of Arts and Technology, 1993–2001 Vice-Chairman, Sussex Downs College, 2001–2007 Appointed OBE, 2004 References Who's Who, 2006 Category:1920 births Category:2012 deaths Category:People from Ilford Category:People educated at Ilford County High School Category:Alumni of the University of Manchester Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford Category:Schoolteachers from Essex Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire Category:People associated with the University of Brighton	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Joseph Karakitie Azigbo Joseph Karakitie Azigbo (1918–1986) was the olorogun of Okpe Kingdom in Nigeria. In the 1950s, he achieved success as an industrialist and became one of the richest men in Nigeria. During the Nigerian Civil War, most of his properties were seized or vandalized by the Nigerian army. He continued his career in business after the army but he was unable to regain the wealth and success he had achieved before the war. Early life and career in business Azigbo was born in Orereokpe on December 29, 1918. He worked with the United African Company UAC in Jos, Plateau state before establishing his mining business (Azigbo Brothers Limited). He soon became very successful in the mining field and became one of the richest men in Nigeria in the 1950s. He was the biggest miner of tin and columbite in the whole of West Africa, owning over 150 mining sites. At the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War in 1967, he moved part of his business from Jos, Plateau state to Sapele, in the Niger Delta. There he established a palm produce export business. He also built a Sawmill factory on the exclusive Elder Dempster Embankment by the River Ethiope. Seizure of property by the Nigerian army After the war, on his return to Jos, most of Azigbo's properties had either been vandalised or commandeered by the Nigerian army, others had been occupied by locals who laid claims to them. Among these was his private residence in Anglo Jos a part of which was turned into the Nigerian Air force office at the junction of Bukuru road/Miango road. His attempts to regain possession of his properties from the Nigerian government dragged on for decades. This was a huge financial blow from which chief J.K. (as he was referred to) never really recovered. He had spent most of his early adult life working and investing heavily in Jos and he must have assumed that after the war, it would be business as usual. Return to Niger Delta In the face of these setbacks, Azigbo left his eldest son, Raymond, in charge of the mining business and returned to the Niger Delta. Leaving his son, Raymond, in charge, turned out to be one of the worst decisions he ever made. Raymond was a pampered child; his father really loved him and made sure that he had the best in life. He never worked even for a day in his life. He lived a sheltered life and, being put in charge of Azigbo Brothers Limited brought out the worst in him. There is a saying that money brings out the worst in some people; in the case of Raymond, power and money sent him on a destructive course - he started selling off properties and company vehicles. By the time word got to the Azigbo, a lot of financial damage was done. He quickly issued a disclaimer in most of the newspapers in northern Nigeria, including The Nigerian Standard in Jos against Raymond Azigbo. Azigbo now had a new enemy; it was neither the Nigerian government nor the locals in Jos, this was an enemy from within. Azigbo still lived a wealthy life, he had servants and stewards, some of whom migrated with the family from Jos but, he was now a shadow of his former self. He was no longer ranked as one of the richest men in the country. Gone were the days when he would be met by the governor of Plateau State at the airport on his return from trips abroad. Death He died on 11 July 1986 at the age of 68. He was survived by 18 children, amongst whom is Edesiri Azigbo (former Member of the Federal House of Representatives). References The Nigerian Standard Newspaper, 1963, Jos, Nigeria Category:1918 births Category:1986 deaths Category:20th-century Nigerian businesspeople Category:Nigerian miners	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Cheaper by the Dozen 2 Cheaper by the Dozen 2 is a 2005 American family comedy film directed by Adam Shankman. It is the sequel to the 2003 film Cheaper by the Dozen. Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt, Hilary Duff, Piper Perabo, Alyson Stoner, and Tom Welling reprise their roles as members of the twelve-child Baker family. Eugene Levy co-stars as the patriarch of a rival family of eight children. Carmen Electra portrays his wife. Plot Two years after Tom Baker resigned from his head coaching position, his family begins to undergo many changes, beginning with his daughter Lorraine's desire to study in New York City after her high school graduation. The family's oldest daughter, Nora, is now married to Bud McNulty and pregnant with their first child; they intend to move to Houston because of Bud's new job. Feeling the family is breaking apart as the children grow up and move away, Tom persuades them to take one last family vacation all together at Lake Winnetka, a fictional lake in Wisconsin. The family finds that their old cabin is currently owned by a man named Mike Romanow. Tom's old rival, Jimmy Murtaugh, his new wife Sarina, and their large family (with "only" eight kids) are also vacationing at the lake for the summer; Jimmy is also friends and neighbors with Mike Romanow. Jimmy constantly flaunts his wealth and success to Tom, as well as the accomplishments of his children, often suggesting to Tom that his are less successful because of his parenting style. They get into many incidents, several of which are accidental: Mark Baker, along with Kenny Murtaugh, crashes into a tennis court with a golf cart, Sarah Baker is caught shoplifting in a gift shop, and Mark accidentally sets off a backpack of fireworks, causing widespread panic, especially when it is thrown into a boat, igniting its engine and causing it to explode. Jimmy again brings up the topic that Tom needs to be more strict with his kids. Tom is angered by this, and he and Jimmy decide to settle the matter at the Annual Labor Day Family Cup. Tom trains the kids for days, not realizing they are miserable. Sarah and Elliot Murtaugh watch Ice Age together, but are spied on by their fathers, which ultimately results in them getting into an argument and humiliating their children. Upon returning to the Bakers’ cabin, Sarah is furious and refuses to compete for Tom in the Cup. The children are angry with him, not only for spying on Sarah, but also for ruining the entire trip because of his competitiveness with the Murtaughs, and Tom's wife Kate laments that the two pulling with their parenting has only torn the entire family further apart. The next morning, Tom goes to the Cup to compete with Nigel and Kyle, the only two still willing to go. However, after discovering an old "Team Baker" flag, Kate and the rest of the kids show up, showing they forgive him and are willing to compete. After the events, however, the Bakers and the Murtaughs are tied for first; a tiebreaking canoe race is announced, in which every family member must compete. During the canoe race, Nora goes into labor; the Murtaughs want to help, but Jimmy, sensing the opportunity to defeat Tom once and for all, refuses to do so. The Murtaugh children jump out of the canoe to help the Bakers. While arguing with Sarina, Jimmy reveals he was jealous of Tom being the popular one when they were younger. Eventually, Sarina convinces him to help and the two families work together to get Nora to the hospital. Bud, Lorraine, and Kate go with Nora in the delivery room, while Tom, Jimmy, Sarina, and the rest of the kids stay in the waiting room. While talking with Jimmy, Tom realizes that he has to let his kids grow, but wherever they go, they will always be with him, and he will always be with them. Nora then gives birth to a baby boy whom she and Bud name Tom in honor of his grandfather, who has shown them that "there is no way to be a perfect parent, but a million ways to be a really good one." Bud announces that he and Nora have bought "The Big House", the vacation home that the Bakers had been renting. Nora, Bud, and baby Tom leave for Houston a few days later. Cast Bakers Steve Martin as Tom Baker Bonnie Hunt as Kate Baker Piper Perabo as Nora Baker-McNulty Tom Welling as Charlie Baker Hilary Duff as Lorraine Baker Kevin G. Schmidt as Henry Baker Alyson Stoner as Sarah Baker Jacob Smith as Jake Baker Forrest Landis as Mark Baker Liliana Mumy as Jessica Baker Morgan York as Kim Baker Blake Woodruff as Mike Baker Brent Kinsman as Kyle Baker Shane Kinsman as Nigel Baker Jonathan Bennett as Bud McNulty, Nora’s husband and Tom and Kate’s son-in-law Murtaughs Eugene Levy as Jimmy Murtaugh Carmen Electra as Sarina Murtaugh Shawn Roberts as Calvin Murtaugh Jaime King as Anne Murtaugh Robbie Amell as Daniel Murtaugh Melanie Tonello as Becky Murtaugh Taylor Lautner as Elliot Murtaugh Courtney Fitzpatrick as Lisa Murtaugh Madison Fitzpatrick as Robin Murtaugh Alexander Conti as Kenneth Murtaugh Others Peter Keleghan as Mike Romanow, Jimmy’s neighbor and friend who is the current owner of the old cabin at Lake Winnetka where most of the movie takes place. Soundtrack "I Wish" – Stevie Wonder "Graduation Day Song" – Joseph L. Altruda "Mexicali Mondays" – Christopher Lightbody and Robert Steinmiller "What If" – Gina Rene "Martini Lounge" – David Sparkman "Drinks on the House" – Daniel May "Big Sky Lullaby" – Daniel May "Someday" – Sugar Ray "Express Yourself" – Jason Mraz "Michael Finnegan" – Traditional "Will the Circle Be Unbroken?" – Traditional "Why Can't We Be Friends" – War "Die Walküre" – Richard Wagner "Theme from Jaws" – John Williams "Miracles" - Insane Clown Posse "Mallin" – Tree Adams "Under Pressure" – Queen and David Bowie "Music from Ice Age" – David Newman "Holiday" – Madonna "Sunday Morning" (acoustic version) – Maroon 5 "Bridal Chorus" – Richard Wagner Reception Critical response Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes ranked Cheaper by the Dozen 2 98th in the 100 worst reviewed films of the 2000s. It has a rating of 6% based on 93 reviews of the film. The site's consensus reads: "A sequel to a remake, Cheaper 2 wastes its solid cast in scenes of over-the-top, predictable humor". On Metacritic, it has a score of 34 out of 100 based on 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews". Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert, gave the film one of its rare positive reviews, awarding it 3/4 stars and stating "As I watched this sequel, a certain good feeling began to make itself known. Yes, the movie is unnecessary. However, it is unnecessary at a higher level of warmth and humor than the recent remake Yours, Mine, and Ours." Ebert also highly praised Alyson Stoner's performance, favorably comparing the then-twelve year old actress to Reese Witherspoon. Calling the overall film "bland", Variety'''s Justin Chang agreed with Ebert on Stoner, calling her "an endearingly vulnerable standout" and deeming her subplot to be "the most engaging" in it. Chang was also kind to Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt and Eugene Levy, deeming the veteran actors did the best with what was given to them. Marrit Ingman of the Austin Chronicle conceded that it had a good message, and agreed that Hunt was "marvelous and down-to-earth" but ultimately felt that "the rest of the movie is as funny as mildew", found that "the product placement is particularly egregious" and thought that Hilary Duff looked "as tanned and raw as buffalo jerky". Andrea Gronvall was also horrified by Duff's appearance while writing for the Chicago Reader, calling her "haggard" and "flat-out scary", and overall felt that there was "a discernible lack of enthusiasm from almost everyone involved", however singling out Carmen Electra for being "the most winning performer of the bunch". The film received two Razzie Award nominations including Worst Actress (Hilary Duff) and Worst Supporting Actor (Eugene Levy). Box office The film grossed $9,309,387 on its opening weekend, finishing in 4th place at the box office. By the end of its run, Cheaper by the Dozen 2 grossed $82,571,173 domestically and $46,610,657 internationally, totaling $129,181,830 worldwide. It is one of only twelve feature films to be released in over 3,000 theaters and still improve on its box office performance in its second weekend, increasing 55.6% from $9,309,387 to $14,486,519. Home media The DVD was released on May 23, 2006. The Blu-ray was released on January 5, 2010. The DVD is two-sided and side B features previews of Flicka and Aquamarine''. Other DVD extras include an audio commentary with director Adam Shankman, behind-the-scenes featurettes, and theatrical trailers. References External links Category:2005 films Category:2000s comedy films Category:American films Category:American comedy films Category:American sequel films Category:English-language films Category:Films about families Category:Films shot in Hamilton, Ontario Category:Films shot in Toronto Category:Pregnancy films Category:20th Century Fox films Category:Films directed by Adam Shankman Category:Films scored by John Debney	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
UK arms export UK arms export refers to trades of Uk-made weapons around the world. The country is one of the world’s most successful arms exporters. According to the analysis by Action on Armed Violence, Military arms deals have been prepared £39bn between 2008 and 2017. According to the Campaign Against Arms Trade, the UK mostly has exported arms to United States of America, India, France, Germany, Italy, Oman , South Africa, Turkey, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia respectively. History UK Trade and investment reveals that “The UK is one of the world’s most successful defence exporters, averaging second place in the global rankings on a rolling ten-year basis, making it Europe’s leading defence exporter in the period”.Also, the UK is known as the most robust export control government in the world. Every application is considered on a case-by-case basis against the Consolidated EU and National Arms Export Licensing Criteria. It is proctored, as DIT spokesman reported. According to the analysis by Action on Armed Violence, military arms deals have been prepared £39bn between 2008 and 2017, £12bn of which belongs to states included on the Foreign and Commonwealth Office human rights “priority countries” list. The analysis of the figures, collated by the Campaign Against the Arms Trade using export control data from the Department for International Trade is indicating a growing trend. As CAAT mentioned, It is probable to be “conservative estimate” because of an opaque system of “open” licenses that allow an unlimited number for exporting, but less scrutiny of “open” licenses has been denied by the DIT. In 2016, 5,782 export licenses for military items in countries of concern which provide £1.5bn was reported. British sales worldwide The Audit of the Government’s Annual Report on Strategic Export Controls reported that the UK-made arms were exported to 159 countries in 2000. Since 2010 Britain arms have been transferred to the 51 countries, 22 of which were mentioned on the UK Government’s own human rights watch list. Most of them were located in Middle Eastern where terror threats have been increasing steadily. In 2016 most of arms exports went to 18 countries including China, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Israel, Egypt, and Pakistan.In 2017 Israel was the second-biggest buyer of UK arms which was appointed on the Foreign and Commonwealth Office’s (FCO) human rights priority list, Also Bahrain paid £30.7m for UK arms, Egypt bought £6.5m of arms and Pakistan, £11.2m. £11.8m was paid by China. The Bangladeshi government which had taken more than 688,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar following ethnic cleansing and religious persecution there, bought £38.6m of arms. The Uk’s main arms deals go to United States of America, India, France, Germany, Italy, Oman, South Africa, Turkey, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia respectively. The arms manufactured in the UK includes bombs, missiles, and fighter jets, machine guns. The shelf-life of weapons is often longer than the governments and situations they were sold to. Arms control As CAAT’s Andrew Smith told, Theresa May’s government is strongly supporting some countries that even it believes are accountable for human rights abuses. There are no controls over how these arms will be used when they have been sold by the UK. The arms sales being agreed today could be used to fuel atrocities for years to come. Human rights abuses are observed by UK-made fighter jets and bombs in the Saudi-led destruction of Yemen. He added, This kind of Arm trade not only leads to “human rights abusers with the means to kill” but also it provides the position of political support. In 2016, most of the UK arm was exported to countries listed as human rights abusers. While the UK rules confirmes that this government doesn’t deal with countries accused to violet human rights, in the last 4 years almost half of UK arms have been transferred to Saudi Arabia including sky-rocketed, based on UK government statistics significantly reported. As guardian reported “Britain is Saudi Arabia’s second largest arms dealer after the US, providing military exports worth £10.3bn over the past decade despite continued condemnation of the kingdom’s use of British weaponry in its bombing of Yemen”.In other words, Saudi Arabia has been mentioned as Britain’s largest arms customer. See also Arms industry Arms control References Category:Arms control Category:Organisations based in the London Borough of Islington Category:Peace organisations based in the United Kingdom Category:Right Livelihood Award laureates	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Maria Pia Gardini Maria Pia Gardini (born 14 October 1936, Rovereto – 23 September 2012, Grosseto) was an Italian entrepreneur and a former Scientologist. When retired, she lived in Tuscany and was one of the most critical voices of the Church of Scientology. She was the cousin of Raul Gardini and worked in film and cinema advertising until 1985. That year, following her daughter and also to help in the process of detoxification from drugs, she entered into Scientology. She remained in that organization until 1994 after reaching the highest levels of technical Scientology (reaching the highest level available today: OT VIII) and becoming one of the most brilliant and appreciated "auditors" of the movement, resulting in the 1989 and 1990 Recognition of Scientology as the best "auditor" of the year. She has taken a strong critical attitude towards Scientology after she left it. From 1994 to 2002, she lived in Tunisia and worked as an entrepreneur. Her years in Scientology In the mid-80s, Frederica, the daughter of Maria Pia Gardini, entered a Narconon center which belongs to the Church of Scientology. She convinced her mother, who was going through a difficult period because of her father's death, to attend the first of Scientology auditing sessions. Here her career within the organization began, through a disbursement of growing sums of money, and she became one of the most popular Scientology auditors (auditor Class IX). She reached the highest positions of the organization by entering the Sea Org. On 18 October 1990, her 29-year-old daughter, who had achieved OT VIII, died of AIDS. In 1991, the leadership of the organization denied Gardini permission to see her mother who was ill, because as Gardini said "the fact that my mother was dying was not important". In 1994, after spending nearly two million U.S. dollars on Scientology, Maria Pia Gardini began the process of leaving Scientology. The Church gave her back $500,000. Criticism of Scientology and harassment After leaving Scientology, Maria Pia Gardini, who was experiencing near bankruptcy, began to recount her experience and her years within the organization in the media. She published a book. Her testimony was very important as it came from a person who had reached the highest levels of the movement. It is also considered by the Church of Scientology as an inconvenient and unwelcome testimony since it evoked harassment and pressure from the organisation. The Church of Scientology replied that Maria Pia Gardini's criticism was false, as it came from an apostate. In 2005, Gardini said she was a victim of harassment from the Church. She was a member of an anti-cults association. She died on 23 September 2012. Bibliography Maria Pia Gardini; Alberto Laggia, I miei anni in Scientology, Paoline editions, 2007. Alberto Laggia, Maria Pia Gardini, Il coraggio di parlare. Storie di fuoriusciti da Scientology, Paoline editions, 2009. Maria Pia Gardini, Maremma: Un amore proibito, Edizioni Effigi, 2011. Maria Pia Gardini, Specchietti per allodole, Edizioni Effigi, 2012. References Category:1936 births Category:People from Rovereto Category:Former Scientologists Category:Critics of Scientology Category:2012 deaths	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The Fields of November The Fields of November is an album of American guitarist Norman Blake, released in 1974. It was reissued in 1992 by Flying Fish along with Old and New as a double CD. Blake later married Nancy Short, who plays cello on this release. They would release a number of duet albums throughout the years. Reception In his Allmusic review, critic Jim Smith called the album " a thoroughly relaxed affair that did much to establish the sound he would follow throughout the rest of his career, mixing wistful ballads with controlled instrumental material. He demonstrates his musical prowess by playing fiddle, mandolin, and dobro, as well as composing all of the album's songs." Track listing All songs by Norman Blake. Side one "Green Leaf Fancy" "Last Train from Poor Valley" "White Oak Swamp" "Ruins of Richmond" "Graycoat Soldiers" "Caperton Ferry" "Southern Railroad Blues" Side two "Lord Won't You Help Me" "Krazy Kurtis" "Coming Down from Rising Fawn" "Uncle" "The Old Brown Case" "The Fields of November" Personnel Norman Blake – guitar, fiddle, dobro, mandolin, vocals Charlie Collins – guitar, fiddle Robert Arthur "Tut" Taylor - dobro Nancy Short – cello References Category:1974 albums Category:Norman Blake (American musician) albums Category:Rounder Records albums	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
David Thomas Worrall David Thomas Worrall (18 June 1894 – 12 April 1968) was an Australian journalist, radio station manager and soldier. Worrall was born in Castle Hill, New South Wales and died in St Kilda, Victoria. Military service David Worrall enlisted with the Australian Imperial Force on 14 October 1915. He saw service in Egypt, France and Sydney. He was wounded at Pozières, France in August 1916 and then spent some time in England in recovery. He was discharged on 29 July 1919. Journalism After discharge from the A.I.F., Worrall became a journalist; his first job being with the Newcastle Morning Herald. Melbourne's Sun News-Pictorial commenced publication in 1922 and Worrall was one of the first journalists to be employed there. In 1925, he went to New York where he provided articles for the New York World, as well as supplying material on a freelance basis to The Herald (Melbourne) and The Sun (Sydney). He settled in Melbourne in 1928, beginning a long association with Sir Keith Murdoch and the Murdoch media. In the late 1920s, he organised the Herald learn-to-swim campaign, and their Ideal Town competition. 3DB Worrall is perhaps best known as the long-running manager of Melbourne radio station 3DB (now KIIS 101.1). 3DB commenced broadcasting in 1927 under the ownership of the Druleigh Business and Technical College Pty Ltd, hence the DB call-sign. However, from 1929 until 1987, 3DB was owned and operated by The Herald and Weekly Times Ltd (HWT), owners of The Herald and later The Sun News-Pictorial. David Worrall was appointed manager of the station in 1929, by the Herald and Weekly Times Sir Keith Murdoch, and he was to remain as manager until 1958. He was responsible for introducing many big budget programs covering all forms of broadcastable material which, inter alia, made 3DB the top station in all Melbourne radio surveys for many decades. Major Broadcasting Network Worrall also formed the Major Broadcasting Network, with associated stations throughout Australia. From its formation in 1938 until its closure in the late 1970s, the Major Network was usually recognised as being second in importance after its rival, the Macquarie Radio Network. Australian Federation of "B" Broadcasting Stations In 1930 Worrall helped to form the Australian Federation of "B" Broadcasting Stations, now Commercial Radio Australia, and he was its Federal President in 1938. Family David Worrall was the son of Thomas Hirst Worrall, an English-born orchardist and artist, and his wife Emily Jane née Barker. He grew up in West Maitland, New South Wales, and was educated at public schools in the Hunter Region. In 1929, he married Kathleen Zoe née Norris at the Independent Church, Collins Street, Melbourne. Kathleen Worrall became a prominent broadcaster in her own right, using the nom-de-plume Martha Gardener. She first broadcast on 3DB and later 3AW, 3UZ and GTV9. Her programs, aimed mainly at a female audience, offered handy hints to listeners, usually in answer to their questions. See also 3DB Major Broadcasting Network Australian Federation of "B" Broadcasting Stations Herald and Weekly Times Sir Hugh Denison Sir Keith Arthur Murdoch Sidney Myer References Category:Australian journalists Category:Australian broadcasters Category:Australian military personnel of World War I Category:Australian people of English descent Category:1894 births Category:1968 deaths	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Desmanthus illinoensis Desmanthus illinoensis (commonly known as Illinois bundleflower, prairie-mimosa or prickleweed) is a common plant in many areas of the south central and Midwestern US. It can often be found growing on the sides of roads, needing full sun and ample moisture during its short growing season. Root bark of D. illinoensis has been found to contain N,N-DMT, NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine (toxic). USDA Zones 5-8 are recommended for outside cultivation. The plant is nutritious and high in protein. The Land Institute in Salina Kansas has done extensive research into the food uses of the seeds of this plant. Ayahuasca analogue The root bark is mixed with a native source of beta-Carbolines (e.g., passion flower in North America) to produce a hallucinogenic drink called prairiehuasca, which is an analog of the shamanic brew ayahuasca. See also Psychedelic plants Ethnobotanical References External links Erowid Desmanthus Vault Category:Mimosoids Category:Flora of Virginia Category:Edible nuts and seeds Category:Ayahuasca analogs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
1916 Toronto municipal election Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 1, 1916. Mayor Tommy Church was elected to his second term in office. Toronto mayor Church had first been elected mayor the year previous. In the words of the Toronto Daily Star the mayoral contest "was something of a joke" as Church was only opposed by Harry Winberg, who had never before held elected office. Church ignored his opponent during the campaign, and was easily returned. Results Tommy Church (incumbent) - 28,541 Harry Winberg - 9,880 Board of Control There was one change to the Board of Control. R.H. Cameron won a seat while Frank S. Spence was defeated. Joseph Elijah Thompson (incumbent) -18,209 John O'Neill (incumbent) - 17,572 Thomas Foster (incumbent) - 16,085 R.H. Cameron - 15,391 James Simpson - 13,080 Frank S. Spence (incumbent) - 12,652 John Dunn - 11,009 City council Ward 1 (Riverdale) William D. Robbins (incumbent) - 4,283 A.H. Wagstaff - 4,011 W. W. Hiltz - 3,657 Albert Walton (incumbent) - 2,866 Robert Yeomans (incumbent) - 2,590 Walter Brown - 913 Ward 2 (Cabbagetown and Rosedale) Charles A. Risk (incumbent) - 2,550 J.R. Beamish - 2,499 Herbert Henry Ball (incumbent) - 2,093 Charles Beavis - 1,946 Thomas Barber - 729 Ward 3 (Central Business District and The Ward) Charles A. Maguire (incumbent) - 3,397 J. George Ramsden (incumbent) - 2,154 Sam McBride (incumbent) - 1,971 Thomas Vance - 1,666 Ward 4 (Kensington Market and Garment District) Arthur Russell Nesbitt - 2,652 John Cowan (incumbent) - 2,374 Louis Singer (incumbent) - 2,177 A.W. Miles - 1,954 Ward 5 (Trinity-Bellwoods) Garnet Archibald - 2,808 R.H. Graham - 2,789 W.R. Plewman - 2,006 John Warren (incumbent) - 1,860 Joseph May - 1,571 John Wesley Meredith (incumbent) - 1,439 George Hagar - 1,373 James Thompson - 1,290 Alfred Moore - 388 Ward 6 (Brockton and Parkdale) Fred McBrien - 4,512 Joseph Gibbons (incumbent) - 4,414 D.C. MacGregor - 4,006 George Birdsall - 3,890 Thomas Roden (incumbent) - 2,319 Ward 7 (West Toronto Junction) Samuel Ryding (incumbent) - 1,420 Frank Whetter - 1,252 William Henry Weir (incumbent)- 1,106 Results taken from the January 1, 1916 Toronto Daily Star and might not exactly match final tallies. References Election Coverage. Toronto Star. January 1, 1916 Category:1916 elections in Canada 1916 Category:1916 in Ontario	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Nicaragua at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships Nicaragua competed at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, China between July 16 and 31, 2011. Swimming Nicaragua qualified 3 swimmers. Men Women References Category:Nations at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships Category:2011 in Nicaraguan sport Category:Nicaragua at the World Aquatics Championships	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Airport Road (Huntsville) Airport Road is a major east–west thoroughfare in Huntsville, Alabama that connects the Jones Valley and Hampton Cove subdivisions to Memorial Parkway and the rest of the city. On average approximately 32,000 vehicles travel the 2-mile stretch of road a day. Street Description From the west, the road starts as the five-lane highway Johnson Road coming from Triana Boulevard heading east. At Leeman Ferry Road, Johnson Road becomes Airport Road traveling through John Hunt Park as a scenic four lane divided highway leading to Memorial Parkway. Once crossing under the Parkway, the road crosses over a former Louisville and Nashville Railroad rail line as the travel lanes of Airport Road get narrow as the five-lane highway fits in between the many businesses down the street. Airport Road passes north of the Westbury Shopping Center and south of the Country Club apartments. Airport Road has signalized intersections with Balmoral Drive and Queensbury Drive, both of which lead to the large Waterford Square (formerly named Queensbury) apartments complex, and Chateau Drive, which leads to a residential neighborhood. Following these intersections is Hospital Drive, which leads to Crestwood Medical Center to the north. Several churches, including Trinity United Methodist Church, run along the south side of Airport Road. Airport Road then meets Whitesburg Drive, where it travels across Garth Mountain, then runs into Jones Valley, where the road then becomes Carl T. Jones Drive. The same stretch of asphalt has several more names (Bailey Cove Road, Green Cove Road, Buxton Road, Dodd Road) until it loops back through Redstone Arsenal to from where it started. History Airport Road once provided direct access to the old airport from Whitesburg Drive, which was once US-231. The old airport was located west of Memorial Parkway in what is now John Hunt Park. In fact, several old runways still exist. On November 15, 1989, a tornado destroyed much of the businesses along Airport Road including numerous houses in the heavily populated residential areas around the road. Twenty-one people died, 463 were injured, and it caused an estimated $100 million in damage. Major intersections Airport Road continues west as Johnson Road at the intersection of Leeman Ferry Road. The road continues as Carl T. Jones Drive in the east at the top of Garth Mountain. The road later becomes Bailey Cove Road and Green Cove Road. Retail Shopping centers located on Airport Road include: Piedmont Point Shopping Center The Village on Whitesburg Westbury Shopping Center Whitesburg Shopping Center, since 1990 Transportation Shuttle buses provided by the City of Huntsville stop along Airport Road. References Category:Streets in Alabama Category:Transportation in Huntsville, Alabama	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Senagi languages The Senagi languages are a small family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross, that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea proposal. They consist of the two languages Angor and Dera. The Angor language is unusual in that it distinguishes gender in the second- and third-person dual and plural (you and they), but not in the singular. It is not clear if Dera does the same. In Papua New Guinea, they are spoken in Amanab Rural LLG of Sandaun Province. They are also spoken across the border in Keerom Regency, Indonesia. Classification The Senagi family consists of only two languages: Senagi family: Angor, Dera The most promising external links are with the Sepik and Torricelli languages. The pronoun for "I" is reconstructed as wan for both proto-Senagi and proto-Sepik, while the Angor masculine dual and plural pronominal suffixes -fa- and -mu- appear to reflect the proto-Sepik and proto-Torricelli dual and plural pronominal suffixes -p and *-m. Pronouns Pronouns are: {\| \|+ Senagi pronouns ! !! Angor !! Dera \|- ! 1incl \| ro \|\| \|- ! 1excl \| səh \|\| yo \|- ! 2 \| se \|\| si \|- ! 3 \| ai \|\| ai \|} Grammar Verbal morphology in Senagi languages is highly complex and irregular. References External links Senagi languages database at TransNewGuinea.org Category:Language families Category:Papuan languages	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Gisken Gisken is a Norwegian female given name. Notable people with this name include: Gisken Armand (born 1962), Norwegian actress Gisken Wildenvey (1892–1985), Norwegian author	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Villamol Villamol is a municipality located in the province of León, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 222 inhabitants. Category:Municipalities in the Province of León Category:Populated places in the Province of León	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Kenneth Dunkin Kenneth Dunkin (born February 12, 1966), commonly known as Ken Dunkin, is an American politician. He is currently an appointed member of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District Board of Commissioners. Dunkin previously served as a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 5th District from December 2002 until January 2017. Early life Born February 12, 1966 in Chicago, Dunkin was raised in the Cabrini–Green housing project on the city's Near-north side. After graduating from Lincoln Park High School in 1984, Dunkin went on to earn his associate degree from Loop College (now known as Harold Washington College). Dunkin continued his education at Morehouse College where he earned his bachelor's degree in Political Science and later his master's degree in social welfare from the School of Social Service Administration at the University of Chicago. As a youth, Dunkin was influenced by Jesse White, Illinois politician and founder of the Jesse White Tumbling Team. Public service Dunkin worked as social worker for many years. Most recently, he was the Director of the Robert Taylor Boys and Girls Club of Chicago, where he managed over $2.5 million in program services. He also worked as a consultant for the City of Chicago Department of Health and Department on Aging. He interned with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Care Financing Administration, and United States Senator Paul Simon. Dunkin is currently a member of the Attorney Registration Disciplinary Commission (appointed by Illinois Supreme Court), Board of the Chicago International Film Festival, Lawson YMCA, Near North Health Services Corp, Phi Beta Sigma fraternity and the Governor's Film Task Force. State Representative As a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, Dunkin served on seven committees: International Trade & Commerce, Financial Institutions, Insurance, Mass Transit, Appropriations-High Education, Telecommunications, and Chairman of Tourism and Conventions. Dunkin was also a member of the Illinois Legislative Black Caucus. Representative Ken Dunkin was the Chief Sponsor for the Illinois Film Tax Credit. This legislation generated thousands of union and non-union jobs throughout the state and $100s of millions in local and state tax revenue. His Film credit encouraged major film, commercial and television such as "Batman-The Dark Knight","The Beast", "Public Enemy", "Barbershop 1 & 2", "The Break-Up", "Roll-Bounce", "Ocean's 12," "The Weather Man", "Spider-Man 2", "Derailed", "Transformers 3", etc. to be shot in Illinois. In 2013, Representative Dunkin voted "yea" to a plan that amended state employee pension plans by drastically reducing the constitutionally protected benefits of Illinois state employees in retirement. The Illinois Supreme Court ultimately found these legislative changes to be unconstitutional. Dunkin most recently "no-showed" (did not vote) on an important vote in the House. House Democrats were attempting of override a veto by Governor Bruce Rauner on SB 1229. SB 1229 which would have empowered an arbitrator to decide negotiation disputes between public sector unions and the governor. Its implementation would have impeded the Governor's ability to force a "lock-out" of state workers during contract negotiations and also prevented the union from striking. As reported by the Chicago Sun-times, Dunkin, responding over text, played coy initially when a Sun-Times reporter asked him about his absence: "Why, what's going on??" Dunkin responded. He then said: "I'm out of town as I informed the Speaker et al last week. Period." When defending his decision to no-show on the SB1229 vote, Rep. Dunkin's response was, "This bill meant nothing to the average person." On November 10, 2015, Representative Dunkin once again sided with Governor Rauner rather than his Democratic caucus involving a vote on child care assistance. House Democrats were just one vote short — voting 70-35 on Senate Bill 570. It needed 71 votes to pass. Rep. Ken Dunkin, D-Chicago, didn't vote — showing some tension between House Democrats and the administration. "'Come on, Ken!'" House Democrats implored as Dunkin did not vote on two key bills favored by colleagues. […] "Let me be clear that no one bears more responsibility today for the defeat of this legislation, which protects our children and child care and home care in Illinois than Rep. Ken Dunkin himself," Jaquie Algee, vice president of SEIU Healthcare Illinois said at a press conference organized by House Speaker Michael Madigan. – At one point during an intense, emotional floor debate, state Rep. Jaime Andrade stripped Dunkin's nameplate from the front of his seat, walked it over to the Republican side of the chamber then threw it down, saying: "He's all yours now." The Illinois AFL-CIO Executive Board voted on December 17, 2015 to endorse Juliana Stratton for State Representative in the Democratic Primary Election for the 5th District. Stratton is taking on incumbent Ken Dunkin, who has sided with Gov. Bruce Rauner, casting controversial votes against the interests of working families. Her opponent is long-time incumbent Dunkin, who has not hidden his alliance with Rauner, whose anti-worker proposals are not moving in the General Assembly. On several occasions, Dunkin's vote would have made the difference on issues including child care eligibility, funding for services for seniors and the disabled and an arbitration mechanism to keep state services functioning in the event of bargaining impasse. "There needs to a change in the 5th District," AFL-CIO President Michael Carrigan said. "The voters will know that there is a person in this race that cares about her community and not political alliances. As she has been all of her life, she will be their voice." There are nearly 16,000 members of union families in the 5th House District. Many prominent Democrats in Illinois officially endorsed Dunkin's opponent, Julia Stratton, including his "mentor" Jesse White White expanded upon his endorsement, saying "I always say when you take on a job, you take on the responsibility for everybody," White said. "In the case of Ken Dunkin, he has been a big disappointment to me and to his constituents, to the people of the state of Illinois and to the people of the 5th District. The message is they can no longer afford Ken Dunkin." […] Opponents of Ken Dunkin's re-election campaign have recently distributed a mailer showing Rep. Dunkin in a police mugshot from 1996. The ad was attributed to paid for by Ald. Brendan Reilly's 42nd Ward Democratic Organization. Crain's Chicago Business referred to the message of the ad as 'brutal' On March 7, 2016, Representative Dunkin's opponent, attorney Juliana Stratton, announced that the President of the United States had personally endorsed her in the upcoming primary. The endorsement came just weeks after Representative Dunkin claimed that the President had given him a "shout out" and "reaffirmed" Dunkin's decision to side with Republican Governor Bruce Rauner on a number of key issues. When the President Obama was addressing the Illinois General Assembly, the POTUS said that said reaching political compromise across the aisle "doesn't make me a sellout to my own party." Dunkin stood up and shouted "Yes!" and Obama replied, "Sit down Dunkin, we'll talk later." On March 7, 2015, the Chicago Sun-times reported that the Dunkin campaign was facing serious allegations of voter fraud within a high-stakes Illinois House campaign; catching the attention of Cook County prosecutors. Secretary of State Jesse White and Ald. Pat Dowell (3rd) appeared at a South Side press conference to accuse Rep. Ken Dunkin of buying early votes in the battle to keep his 5th District seat in the state House of Representatives. Dunkin's opponent, Juliana Stratton, also stood nearby as Dowell shared what she claimed is video evidence of Dunkin's alleged scheme — purportedly shot by people who infiltrated the vote-buying operation and cast ballots in exchange for "crisp $50 bills." "This is a violation of all laws of human decency, and shame on Mr. Dunkin and his organization for doing this," Dunkin's "former mentor" Jesse White said. Democratic mayor Rahm Emanuel opined on the Dunkin-Rauner alliance recently, stating: "We've had a standstill down in Springfield, and I think the Governor and Ken Dunkin have a partnership, and I think it's bad for Chicago, bad for Illinois. And the question is: Are we going to have somebody rewarded that, in my view, is not going to pass a budget that invests in Chicago and in Chicago's schoolchildren, or are we going to hold everything hostage?". On March 15, 2016, Democratic challenger Juliana Stratton defeated Ken Dunkin in a decisive manner, as reported by WGN News. References External links Representative Kenneth Dunkin (D) 5th District at the Illinois General Assembly 98th, 97th, 96th, 95th, 94th, 93rd Kenneth "Ken" Dunkin at Illinois House Democrats Category:Members of the Illinois House of Representatives Category:Living people Category:Politicians from Chicago Category:African-American state legislators in Illinois Category:1966 births Category:Illinois Democrats Category:Morehouse College alumni Category:University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration alumni Category:African-American Christians Category:21st-century American politicians	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Zdzisław Bubnicki Zdzisław Bubnicki (born 17 June 1938 in Lwów, died 12 March 2006 in Wrocław) was a Polish scientist, a specialist in the fields of automation and computer science. His main scientific interests concerned: decision theory, control theory, system identification, pattern recognition, expert systems, and knowledge-based systems, complexes of operations, and methodology of computer systems. He obtained a degree of Master of Science in 1960 at Faculty of Electronics at Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice. Since 1962 he moved to Wroclaw where he worked at Wroclaw University of Technology. In 1964 he achieved a Ph.D. degree, and in 1967 - a Doctor of Sciences degree. Several years later, in 1973 he became an assistant professor and in 1979 - a professor. For many years he was a chief of Institute of Control and Systems Techniques at Wroclaw University of Technology. Since 1986 he became a correspondent member of Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), and since 1994 - a real member of PAS. Prof. Bubnicki was a supervisor of 44 Ph.D. dissertations, and now 16 of them are professors. Results of his work had a big influence on the control and decision theory. Especially so called uncertain variables, that are extensions of fuzzy sets, was one of his biggest contributions to the field of computer science. He was honoured with many Polish and international rewards, e.g. Krzyż Kawalerski i Krzyż Oficerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski, IFIP medal. He is a doctor of honoris causa of following universities: West Pomeranian University of Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Military University of Technology. Books written by Zdzisław Bubnicki "Identyfikacja obiektów sterowania", PWN, Warszawa, 1974 "Identification of Control Plants", Elsevier, Amsterdam-Oxford-New York, 1980 "Wstęp do systemów ekspertowych", PWN, Warszawa, 1990 "Podstawy informatycznych systemów zarządzania", Wydawnictwo Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wrocław, 1993 "Uncertain Logics, Variables and Systems", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2002 "Analysis and Decision Making in Uncertain Systems", Springer-Verlag, London, 2004 "Teoria i algorytmy sterowania", PWN, Warszawa 2002, 2005 "Modern Control Theory", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2005 References , http://matwbn.icm.edu.pl/ksiazki/cc/cc35/cc3521.pdf Category:1938 births Category:2006 deaths Category:Polish computer scientists Category:Control theorists Category:People from Lviv	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Huntingdon Huntingdon is a market town in Cambridgeshire, England, chartered by King John in 1205. Having been the county town of historic Huntingdonshire, it is now the seat of the Huntingdonshire District Council. It is well known as the birthplace of Oliver Cromwell, who was born there in 1599 and its Member of Parliament (MP) for the town in the 17th century. The former Conservative Prime Minister (1990–1997) John Major served as the MP for Huntingdon from 1979 until his retirement in 2001. History Huntingdon was founded by the Anglo-Saxons and Danes. It is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 921, where it appears as Huntandun. It appears as Huntedun in the Domesday Book of 1086. The name means "The huntsman's hill" or possibly "Hunta's hill". It seems that Huntingdon was a staging post for Danish raids outside of East Anglia until 917, when the Danes moved to Tempsford in Bedfordshire, before they were crushed by Edward the Elder. It prospered successively as a bridging point of the River Great Ouse, as a market town, and in the 18th and 19th centuries as a coaching centre, most notably the George Hotel. The town has a well-preserved medieval bridge that used to serve as the main route of Ermine Street over the river. The bridge only ceased to be the sole crossing point to Godmanchester in 1975, with the advent of what is now the A14 bypass. Its valuable trading position was secured by Huntingdon Castle, of which only the earthworks of its motte survive. The site is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and is home to a beacon used to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the Spanish Armada. In 1746, the botanists Wood and Ingram of nearby Brampton developed an elm-tree cultivar, Ulmus × hollandica 'Vegeta', which they named the "Huntingdon Elm" after the town. Original documents on Huntingdon's history, including the borough charter of 1205, are held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies at the County Record Office, Huntingdon. Parts of Huntingdon, including the town centre, were struck by an F1/T3 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day. Moderate damage resulted in Huntingdon town centre. Between the railway station and the old hospital building stands a replica cannon installed in the 1990s to replace one from the Crimean War, scrapped for the war effort in the Second World War. However, it faces in the opposite direction from the original. St Mary's Street drill hall was built in the late 19th century. George Hotel The George Hotel on the corner of High Street and George Street was once a posting house. It was named after St George in 1574 and bought some 25 years later by Henry Cromwell, grandfather of Oliver Cromwell. Charles I made the George Hotel his headquarters in 1645. Later the highwayman Dick Turpin is said to have been a visitor, when it was a coaching inn on the Great North Road. Two wings of the inn were burnt down in the mid-19th century, but two were saved, including the one with a balcony overlooking the yard. Since 1959 the courtyard and balcony have been used for Shakespeare performances produced by the company run by the Shakespeare at the George Trust. Government Huntingdon has a town council with 19 councillors, as elsewhere elected every four years. Two of the councillors serve also as mayor and deputy mayor. Meetings are normally held once a month at the town hall. Huntingdonshire District Council has three wards: Huntingdon North, Huntingdon East and Huntingdon West. The Huntingdon East ward is represented by three councillors and the other wards by two each. The main offices of Huntingdonshire District Council are in Huntingdon itself. The highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council based in Cambridge, providing county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage protection. Huntingdon is one of 60 electoral divisions and represented by two county councillors. Huntingdon lies in the parliamentary constituency of Huntingdon. It has been represented by Jonathan Djanogly MP (Conservative) since 2001. The previous member was the former prime minister John Major (Conservative), who held the seat in 1979–2001. Geography The town lies on the north bank of the River Great Ouse, opposite Godmanchester and close to the market town of St Ives to the east and the village of Brampton to the west. Huntingdon now incorporates the village of Hartford to the east and the developing areas of Oxmoor, Stukeley Meadows and Hinchingbrooke to the north and west. Between Godmanchester, Huntingdon and Brampton lies Portholme Meadow, England's largest. About 257 acres (104 hectares) in area, it contains many rare species of grass, flowers and dragonfly. It is the only known British habitat of the marsh dandelion. It acts as a natural reservoir for water in times of flood, enabling the river to run off slowly, so helping to preclude flooding in nearby towns. It has also served as a horse racecourse and once was a centre for aviation. Business Huntingdon is home to many local businesses, including Huntingdon Racecourse. Hinchingbrooke Business Park has many offices and warehouses located in it. Climate The nearest weather station for which long-term weather data is available is RAF Wyton, north-east of the town centre, although more recently Monks Wood, to the north-west, has also provided data. Like most of Britain, Huntingdon has a temperate maritime-based climate free from temperature extremes, with rainfall spread fairly evenly over the year. The absolute maximum recorded at Wyton was in August 1990; the temperature at Monks Wood rose in July 2006 to . Typically the warmest day of the year averages . and 16.0 days a year will rise to or above. Typically 43.2 nights of the year report an air frost. The absolute minimum at Wyton was recorded in January 1982. On average, the coldest night of the year will fall to With annual rainfall at under 550 mm a year, the Huntingdon area is among the driest in the UK – 103.4 days on average record at least 1 mm of rain. All averages mentioned refer to the period 1971–2000. Demography Population Between 1801 to 1901, the current area of Huntingdon town consisted of four parishes: Huntingdon All Saints, Huntingdon St Benedict, Huntingdon St John and Huntingdon St Mary. The populations of these were recorded in the ten-year UK census. The combined population in the period ranged between 2,368 in 1801 and 4,735 in 1891. (The census was omitted in 1941.) All population census figures are taken from the report Historic Census figures Cambridgeshire to 2011 by Cambridgeshire Insight. For the census taken in 1961 and that in 1971, Huntingdon was combined with Godmanchester. In 2011, the parish covered an area of . The population density in that year was 5,493.1 persons per square mile (2,120.8 per km). Culture and community The former Literary and Scientific Institute is now Commemoration Hall. There are three RAF stations within of the town: RAF Brampton, once home to Headquarters RAF Support Command and now part of the Defence Logistics Organisation (DLO); RAF Wyton, once a major flying station but now also part of the DLO; and RAF Alconbury currently occupied by the United States Air Force. Part of the medieval infirmary hall of St Johns in the market place became Huntingdon Grammar School and was attended by Cromwell and by the diarist Samuel Pepys. The building is now the Cromwell Museum, run by Cambridgeshire County Council. Legends Once a convent, Hinchingbrooke House is said to be haunted. The bridge over the Alconbury Brook named Nun's Bridge is said also to be haunted, by one of the nuns who once lived at the old convent that is now Hinchingbrooke House. She is said often to be accompanied by another ghost that resembles a nurse. The myth goes that the nun had a lover, a monk who caused them to be murdered. In 1965 a married couple reported seeing the ghosts on the bridge, and again when they returned home the same night. Education The local primary schools include Hartford Junior School, Huntingdon Primary School, Thongsley Fields Primary School, St John's Primary School, Stukeley Meadows Primary School and Cromwell Academy Primary School. Special-needs schools include Spring Common School. Secondary schools include St. Peter's Secondary School and Hinchingbrooke School. Further Education colleges include Huntingdonshire Regional College Hinchingbrooke School sixth-form college and St Peter's Sixth Form. Transport Rail Huntingdon railway station has direct services to London Kings Cross station. It is served by Great Northern. Bus There are direct bus services to Peterborough, St Neots, Ramsey, St Ives and Cambridge, and also within the town and to Hinchingbrooke Hospital. Most buses are provided by Stagecoach East and Whippet. Air Luton and Stansted airports are within . Religious sites Once renowned for many more churches within the town, there are now four Church of England churches in Huntingdon, which together with the churches in the adjacent villages Great and Little Stukeley are members of the Huntingdon Team Ministry in the Diocese of Ely. The four are All Saints' (next to the Market Square), St Mary's (opposite Pathfinder House), St Barnabas (on the Oxmoor estate) and All Saints', Hartford. Huntingdon Methodist Church is situated on the High Street. Medway Christian Fellowship is based on Medway Road. Sport The town's highest ranked football club, Huntingdon Town, plays in the United Counties League, whilst Huntingdon United RGE plays in the Cambridgeshire League. Notable residents Names are in birth order. Data are from the subject's Wikipedia article except where referenced. Arts and entertainment Henry Compton (Charles Mackenzie, 1805–1877), actor, born in Huntingdon George Mackley (1900–1983), wood engraver, born in Huntingdon Terry Reid, (born 1949), rock vocalist and guitarist, born in Huntingdon Ceara O'Neill (born 1990), actor and musician, born in Huntingdon Himesh Patel (born 1990), actor, born in Huntingdon Literature Henry of Huntingdon (c. 1088–1157), historian (Historia Anglorum) and Archdeacon of Huntingdon Samuel Pepys (1633–1703), diarist, attended Huntingdon Grammar School in about 1644. Basil Montagu (1770–1851), jurist, barrister, writer and philanthropist, and illegitimate son of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich and Martha Ray Robert Carruthers (1799–1878), local historian (History of Huntingdon) and journalist Religion Christina of Markyate (c. 1096–98 – c. 1155), anchoress and prioress, was born in Huntingdon. Politics David, Earl of Huntingdon (c. 1144–1219), Scottish prince, was born in Huntingdon. Richard Patrick (died 1566), MP for Huntingdon in 1559 Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658), Lord Protector, was born in Huntingdon. Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (1625–1672), English Civil War general and Restoration politician, attended Huntingdon Grammar School. Richard Cromwell (1626–1712), Lord Protector (1658–59), was born in Huntingdon. Henry Cromwell (1628–1674), Lord Deputy of Ireland and chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin, was born in Huntingdon. Charlie Elphicke (born 1971), Conservative member of Parliament, was born in Huntingdon. Science and engineering Michael Foster (1836–1907), physiologist and academic, was born in Huntingdon. Robert William Edis (1839–1927), architect and writer on decoration, was born in Huntingdon and educated at Huntingdon Grammar School. Walter Samuel Millard (1864–1952), naturalist and conservationist, was born in Huntingdon. John Hilton Grace (1873–1958), neurologist and Fellow of the Royal Society, died in Huntingdon. Sports Walter Yarnold (1893–1978), first-class cricketer, was born in Huntingdon Josh Gifford, (1941–2012), National Hunt jockey and trainer, was born in Huntingdon. Oliver Gavin (born 1972), racing car driver, was born in Huntingdon. Charlotte Edwards (born 1979), international women's cricketer, was born in Huntingdon. Darren Bent (born 1984), footballer, was raised in Huntingdon. Harriet Lee (born 1991), Paralympic swimmer, was born in Huntingdon. James Sykes (born 1992), first-class cricketer, born in Huntingdon James Kettleborough (born 1992), first-class cricketer, was born in Huntingdon. Alex Martin (born 1992), first-class cricketer, was born in Huntingdon. Todd Kane (born 1993), footballer, was born in Huntingdon. George Furbank (born 1996), England international professional rugby union player was born in Huntingdon International relations Twin towns Salon de Provence, France Szentendre, Hungary Wertheim am Main, Germany Gubbio, Italy Kuala Kubu Baharu, Malaysia See also Earl of Huntingdon References External links Huntingdonshire District Council Huntingdon Town Council Category:Populated places on the River Great Ouse Category:Towns in Cambridgeshire Category:Huntingdonshire Category:County towns in England Category:Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
William Noel Benson William Noel Benson FRS FRGS (26 December 1885 – 20 August 1957) was a research geologist and academic. After studying geology at the University of Sydney, Benson worked temporarily at the University of Adelaide before returning to Sydney as a demonstrator. After winning an 1851 Exhibition Science Scholarship in 1910 he left Sydney to study at the University of Cambridge, where he worked until 1913. He returned to Sydney in 1914 as the Macleay Fellow in Geology, leaving in 1917 to become Chair of the Geology Department at the University of Otago, where for many years he was the only lecturer. During his lifetime he published over 100 papers and won several awards, including the Clarke Medal and the Lyell Medal. He died on 20 August 1957 following his retirement from academia in 1951. Early life and education Benson was born on 26 December 1885 in Anerley to William Benson, a Quaker shipping manager, and his wife Emma Elizabeth Benson, who was also descended from another branch of the Benson family. Soon after his birth the family moved to Tasmania, where he studied at The Friends' School, Hobart between 1897 and 1902. After scientific training at the University of Tasmania he started studying Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Sydney in 1905, where he was taught by Sir Edgeworth David. His first paper, on the contact aureola of a granitic body, was published before he even finished his degree, and after graduating in 1907 with First Class Honours he temporarily worked as a Lecturer at the University of Adelaide. During this period he published three more papers, two on the petrology of Pre-Cambrian and Cambrian rocks in the Barossa Ranges and one on the geomorphology of the Mount Lofty Ranges. Lecturer In 1909 he returned to the University of Sydney and became a demonstrator in the Geology Department. After winning an 1851 Exhibition Science Scholarship in 1910 he left Sydney in 1911 to work at the University of Cambridge, where he worked with John Edward Marr, Alfred Harker and Thomas George Bonney at the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences. In 1913 he was granted the BA (Research) degree by Cambridge and left, spending most of the year travelling Europe with his parents and sisters. He returned to the University of Sydney in 1914 to take up the Macleay Fellowship in Geology. In 1915 he became a lecturer at the Geology Department, and in 1917 he became Chair of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Otago, where he stayed until 1951. Despite spending the first nine years at Otago as the only lecturer in the Department of Geology, Benson still published several papers, most notably a work on the Cenozoic petrographic part of East Otago. During his lifetime he published over 100 papers. In 1921 he was made President of the geology section of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, and from 1945 to 1947 was President of the Royal Society of New Zealand. He was awarded the Lyell Fund and Lyell Medal in 1937 and 1939 respectively by the Geological Society of London, the Hector and Hutton medals of the Royal Society of New Zealand in 1933 and 1944, the Clarke Medal of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1945 and the Mueller Medal of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science in 1951. In 1949 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1951 an honorary member of the Mineralogical Society of London. After retiring from the University of Otago in 1951 he continued to write papers, and at his death on 20 August 1957 was working on a revision to his paper on the Cenozoic Petrographic part of East Otago. His main influence, however, was in expanding the study of geology in Australasia. References Category:1885 births Category:1957 deaths Category:Australian geologists Category:New Zealand geologists Category:People from Dunedin Category:Fellows of the Royal Society Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge Category:University of Adelaide faculty Category:University of Otago faculty Category:University of Sydney alumni Category:Lyell Medal winners Category:Presidents of the Royal Society of New Zealand Category:20th-century New Zealand scientists Category:20th-century Australian scientists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Odostomia parella Odostomia parella is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. Description The pale yellow shell has an elongate-conic shape. (The whorls of the protoconch are decollated). The five to seven whorls of the teleoconch are flattened in the middle between the sutures, strongly contracted at the periphery, moderately roundly shouldered at the summit. They are marked by rather strong lines of growth and exceedingly fine, closely spaced, microscopic spiral striations. The sutures are strongly contracted. The periphery and the base of the body whorl are well rounded, the latter slightly inflated, marked like the spire. The aperture is ovate. The posterior angle is acute. The outer lip is thin. The columella is very strongly curved, somewhat revolute, reinforced by the base, and provided with a fold at its insertion. Description This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the Galapagos Islands. References External links To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Mollusca Collection To World Register of Marine Species Category:Pyramidellidae Category:Gastropods described in 1909	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Bheja Chokh Bheja Chokh () is a 1988 Bangladeshi drama film edited, written, and directed by Shibli Sadik. The film stars Ilias Kanchan and Champa in the lead roles. Plot Cast Ilias Kanchan Jafor Iqbal Champa Sunetra Music Soundtrack See also Rani Kuthir Baki Itihash Biyer Phul References Category:1984 films Category:1980s drama films Category:Bangladeshi films Category:Bangladeshi drama films Category:Bengali-language films Category:Films scored by Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul Category:1980s Bengali-language films Category:Foreign films shot in India	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Haqeeqat (2019 TV series) Haqeeqat is a Pakistani anthology television series consisting of a collection of assorted family stories which premiered on 1 December 2019 on A-Plus TV. The series airs weekly with different cast on each episode and based on short stories on real life situations. Episodes References External links Category:2019 Pakistani television series debuts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pebble Mine Pebble Mine is the common name of a very large porphyry copper, gold, and molybdenum mineral deposit in the Bristol Bay region of Southwest Alaska, near Lake Iliamna and Lake Clark. The EPA dropped its opposition to the mine in June 2019 to allow the project to enter the National Environmental Policy Act permitting process. Background Geography The Pebble prospect is in a remote, wild, and generally uninhabited part of the Bristol Bay watershed. The nearest communities, about distant, are the villages of Nondalton, Newhalen, and Iliamna. The site is southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. Pebble is approximately north of, and upstream of, Lake Iliamna. The deposit area is characterized by relatively flat land dotted by glacial ponds, interspersed with isolated mountains or ranges of hills rising one or two thousand feet above the flats. Pebble is under a broad flat valley at about above sea level dividing the drainages of Upper Talarik Creek and the Koktuli River. Upper Talarik Creek flows into Lake Iliamna, which flows through the Kvichak River into Bristol Bay. Waters in the Koktuli River drain into the Mulchatna River, a tributary of the Nushagak River which empties into Bristol Bay at Dillingham. Water from Lake Clark, approximately east of Pebble, flows down the Newhalen River to Lake Iliamna. Geology Regional The Kahiltna terrane is interpreted to represent a sediment trough formed on the landward (Alaska) side of the Wrangellia volcanic arc terrane, prior to collision of Wrangellia with Alaska. The Wrangellia and Kahiltna terranes docked to Alaska in the Cretaceous Period. This part of the Kahiltna terrane is dominated by Late Triassic basalt, andesite and sedimentary rocks overlain by Jurassic-Cretaceous andesitic turbidites. Cretaceous granitic intrusive activity was widespread in the Kahiltna terrane. Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and Quaternary glacial deposits, developed over the older rocks. The Lake Clark (Alaska) fault, or a splay, probably lies within of the Pebble deposits and possibly much closer. The Lake Clark fault is a major right-lateral strike-slip crustal feature, considered to be a westward expression of the Castle Mountain fault. The actual ground trace of the fault and its splays are unknown in the Pebble area, due to extensive ground cover. A 2007 report indicates that magnitude 7.1 quakes occur on the fault on a 700-year cycle. The Lake Clark fault several hundred miles to the north is sub-parallel to the Denali fault and considered to be of similar nature. A magnitude 7.9 quake struck the Denali fault in 2002. The subduction zone of the Aleutian Trench lies approximately south of Pebble. This zone was the source of the 1964 Good Friday earthquake of magnitude 9.2. The ore body A contiguous body of ore is known as Pebble West where mineralization locally extends to the surface and as Pebble East where it is deeply buried. Pebble holds mostly low-grade ore, requiring a large-scale operation to economically recover it. The Pebble deposit is hosted in porphyritic granodiorite to tonalite of Upper Cretaceous age intruded into deformed sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic to Cretaceous Kahiltna flysch terrane. The copper ore is a calc-alkali porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposit. The ore body extends from the surface to at least depth. In the western part of the orebody, mineralization occurs in a complex of several small granodiorite cupolas, diorite sills, older intrusions, breccias, and sediments. The western part of the deposit is locally exposed at the surface; thin gossans are developed and oxidation reaches in depth. The orebody extends eastward across a fault contact, at depth. East of the fault mineralization occurs in abundant sills and in the intruded sediments. Farther east, and deeper, the sills coalesce into a deeply buried granodiorite pluton. Mineralization and ore continue into the pluton. The eastern part of the deposit was eroded when it was exposed at the surface millions of years ago. It has since been buried by a thickening-to-the-east wedge of post-mineralization-age Tertiary sedimentary and volcanic sedimentary rocks. The age of mineralization at Pebble was reported in 2001 to extend for several million years between 86 million years ago and 89.5 MYA. Metallic minerals identified at Pebble include pyrite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, and bornite, along with minor covellite, chalcocite, digenite and magnetite. Reserves In 2008, Pebble was estimated to be the second-largest ore deposit of its type in the world in terms of the value of the contained metal, slightly smaller than Indonesia's Grasberg Mine, which contains more metal in a smaller amount of ore than Pebble. Estimates have grown throughout the history of the project. In February 2010, a resource estimate, based on a total of 509 drillholes and at a 0.3% copper equivalent cutoff (CuEQ), reported the combined Pebble deposit mineral resources of East and West comprise: 5.94 billion tonnes of ore as "measured and indicated mineral resources" (=proven, see Mineral resource classification) grading 0.78% CuEQ, containing 55 billion pounds of copper, 67 million ounces of gold and 3.3 billion pounds of molybdenum; and 4.84 billion tonnes of ore as "inferred mineral resources" (=estimated) grading 0.53% CuEQ, containing 25.6 billion pounds of copper, 40.4 million ounces of gold and 2.3 billion pounds of molybdenum. The 2014 resource estimate includes 6.44 billion tonnes in the measured and indicated categories containing 57 billion lb copper, 70 million oz gold, 3.4 billion lb molybdenum and 344 million oz silver; and 4.46 billion tonnes in the inferred category, containing 24.5 billion lb copper, 37 million oz gold, 2.2 billion lb molybdenum and 170 million oz silver. Quantities of palladium and rhenium also occur in the deposit. By dollar value, slightly more than half of the value is from copper, with the remainder split roughly equally between gold and molybdenum. Byproducts of silver, rhenium, and palladium metals would also be recovered. Fisheries Bristol Bay is home to the world's largest salmon run. All five Eastern Pacific species spawn in the bay's freshwater tributaries. Commercial fisheries include the world's largest sockeye salmon fishery. The Kvichak River has the single largest red salmon run in the world. The Kvichak drains from Lake Iliamna, which is downstream of the deposit. Along with herring and other fisheries, salmon account for nearly 75% of local jobs. Sport fishing is another important local industry. Many lodges cater to sport fishermen exploiting the salmon and trout populations in the freshwater tributaries. Freshwater species include humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschianpp), Dolly Varden trout (Salvelinus malma), Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Seasonal subsistence harvesting of salmon and year-round subsistence harvesting of freshwater fish is a critical part of life for rural residents, most of whom live downstream of the mine site. Human populations The Pebble site is within Lake and Peninsula Borough, about 1,600 inhabitants as of United States Census, 2010, adjacent to the Bristol Bay Borough of about 1000 inhabitants and the Dillingham Census Area, 4,800 inhabitants. Some 7,500 people live largely rural lifestyles within or near the area downstream of the Pebble site. The populations of Lake Clark National Park and other parts of the Bethel Census Area are upstream of the site or in a different watershed. The populations in the area rely heavily on wild resources for subsistence, harvesting moose, caribou and salmon. Wild resources play an important part in the region's cultural heritage. History Discovery In 1987 Cominco Alaska Exploration (CAE) (which subsequently became Teck Resources) collected mineralized surface samples at the Pebble site from color anomalies visible from aircraft. The first two exploration holes were drilled in 1988; in 1989 twelve more drill holes, soil sampling, and geophysical surveys indicated that the Pebble West occurrence (originally named Pebble Beach) was part of a large copper porphyry system. CAE continued drilling and other work through 1992, with a second drill campaign in 1997, with the resource doubled from 500M short tons to 1B short tons. In 2001, Northern Dynasty Minerals, Ltd. optioned the property from Teck Cominco, the successor to CAE's parent company. Northern Dynasty Minerals began exploration in 2002, which continued through 2013. In 2005, Northern Dynasty discovered the Pebble East deposit and acquired 100% ownership of the Pebble mining claims. Project funding In 2008, 140 million dollars were budgeted and approximately of additional drilling was completed. In 2009, 70 million dollars were budgeted, to complete a preliminary feasibility study, or "prefeasibility" study, and to prepare the project for permitting. In 2010, 73 million dollars were budgeted towards the prefeasibility report, environmental studies, and various administrative and community-relations work. Applications for development and operations permits were not planned until after 2010. For 2011, 91 million dollars were budgeted to complete the prefeasibility study, leading to permit applications in 2012. Environmental and engineering studies including of drilling to decide on mine design and a complete environmental baseline. Project particulars Project ownership The land is owned by the State of Alaska. Pebble Mines Corp. holds mineral rights for of the area, an area that includes the Pebble deposits, as well as other, less explored, mineral deposits. A sequence of mining companies and partnerships have owned the Alaska mining claims at and around Pebble since the initial claim staking by Cominco in 1987. The Pebble Limited Partnership is now 100% owned by The Northern Dynasty Partnership, which is a wholly owned Canadian-based subsidiary of Northern Dynasty Minerals, Limited. Three of the world's largest mining companies purchased shares of Northern Dynasty or became partners in the Pebble Limited Partnership through obligations to fund exploration and development. All have since divested their interests. Mitsubishi Corporation sold its 9.1% interest in Northern Dynasty Minerals in 2011. Anglo American, a London-based mining company, struck a deal with Northern Dynasty to earn a 50% interest in a newly created Pebble Limited Partnership, the other 50% belonging to Northern Dynasty; between 2007 and 2013 Anglo American spent over half a billion dollars on the project. In December 2013 Anglo American walked away from the project, losing its 50% interest, which reverted to Northern Dynasty Minerals Limited. Rio Tinto Group, through its wholly owned subsidiary Kennecott Utah Copper purchased, for 87 million dollars, a 9.9% ownership of Northern Dynasty Minerals Limited in July, 2006, and in 2007 doubled that to 19.8% ownership, for an additional 94 million dollars. In April 2014, the Rio Tinto Group gifted its shares, worth only approximately 18 million by then, to two Alaskan charitable foundations. Northern Dynasty is one of several public mining companies controlled by Hunter Dickinson, a Vancouver-based Canadian mining corporation. All but one of Hunter Dickinson Corporation's board members are also on the Northern Dynasty board. Most of the senior management of Northern Dynasty also hold senior management positions at Hunter Dickinson Corporation. As reported on February 13, 2019, Kopernik Global Investors beneficially owns 6.17% of Northern Dynasty Minerals, which is an increase of 11% in their ownership stake from their prior reported position reported in February, 2018. Based on filings, Kopernik has held a position in NAK since at least as early as 2015, when they owned 19.99%. Economics Pebble is the largest known undeveloped copper ore body in the world, measured by either the amount of contained metal or the amount of ore. Northern Dynasty estimated that Pebble contains over $300 billion worth of recoverable metals at early 2010 prices. A report released by Northern Dynasty in 2011 predicted profits for mine owners from a large-scale open-pit mine at Pebble, given appropriate assumptions about construction costs ($4.7 billion), scale (200,000 tons per day), lifetime (45 years), metal prices over that lifetime (2011 prices) and the mine design plan. The study assumes a slurry pipeline will deliver ore concentrate from the mine to a new port on Cook Inlet, and that trucks will haul ore concentrates to Cook Inlet. The plan expected the mine to return the initial capital investment in 3.2 years, employ over a thousand people for the first 25 years and provide a lifetime 23.2% pretax internal rate of return. The expected pretax cash flow was approximately $2 billion per year for much of the mine life and significantly more during the later years. The report states that 58% of the ore resource will remain at year 45. Permits Northern Dynasty has applied for water rights permits to Upper Talarik Creek and the Koktuli River for use in mining. Altogether, Northern Dynasty has applied for rights to about of ground and surface water per year, about four times the annual throughput of drinking-quality water at the Anchorage Waste and Wastewater Utility. In April 2017 Northern Dynasty reported that it had received notice of approval of a Miscellaneous Land Use Permit from the Alaska Department of Natural Resources for ongoing activities at Pebble. Studies Site-specific baseline data and scientific studies of potential environmental and social effects have been and are being conducted by the project operators and their consultants. These studies address water quality and other concerns. Among these are: quantification of Acid mine drainage - the chemical stability and weathering products of the tailings (waste rock, which would be wet-stacked without dewatering) generated by the mine, as well as of the newly exposed and blast-fractured rocks within the proposed mine. seismic risks to the impoundment systems (earthen tailings dams) designed to contain the tailings and intended to control their chemical behavior in perpetuity. the effects of road and bridge construction on fish habitat. Public interest in the project has also resulted in outside, and opposing, interests publishing scientific reviews of available data and comparisons with other projects. These include reports or summaries on the following: seismic risks, acid rock drainage, effects of roads and bridges on fish (roads supporting the Pebble mine could cross 20 known salmon streams), and general water pollution-related concerns. The federal Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a scientific review of the Bristol Bay watershed focused on the Nushagak and Kvichak river drainages, in response to petitions from organizations opposed to Pebble. The report is expected to reach the public-comment stage in late 2011. Possible mining plan While the exact scope of proposed mining activities have not been finalized, the general outline of the plan is known. Pebble West would probably be mined as an open pit. The open pit might reach wide and several thousand feet deep. Most of the rock removed from the pit would become waste, amounting to as much as 10 billion tons. That material, along with allowed discharge chemicals, would be stored permanently in two artificial lakes behind embankment dams. The largest would be tall and long. Pebble East would most likely be an underground mine. Pebble would be similar to existing large copper porphyry mines such as Chuquicamata, Bingham Canyon and Ok Tedi, although the environmental setting and various technical considerations of Pebble distinguish it from these desert and tropical examples. Development and construction would consume years and cost billions of dollars. Required infrastructure includes miles of roads, bridges and powerlines with pipelines for fuel and rock slurries. Operating the mine would use and impound large amounts of surface water. The roads would carry fuel, industrial chemicals and supplies. Design possibilities include: construction of a port on Iniskin Bay of Cook Inlet with a two-lane freight road roughly long built along the north side of Lake Iliamna between the mine and the new port; trucks hauling ore concentrate to the port; pipelines along the road to carry fuel to the mine and a slurry of metal concentrate to the port. The slurry would be dewatered at the port before being shipped to a smelter, with a pipeline returning the water to the mine. Power to operate the mine would possibly come from a combination of overhead powerlines and a submarine cable across Cook Inlet. Feasibility studies (detailed mine construction and operation plans) were prepared by Pebble Mines Corp. The company expected to apply for permits in 2012 at the earliest. Controversy The controversy over the proposed Pebble mine centers largely on the potential risk to the watershed, salmon and other fisheries. Mining opponents claim that the mine poses a significant and unacceptable risk to downstream fish stocks, and could cause an environmental disaster if built. Mining proponents claim that the mine can be developed and operated without significantly harming Bristol Bay area fish. A steady stream of electoral, legislative, and legal challenges to possible future Pebble mine development are lodged in Alaska. Some of these assert that even the drilling and other scientific investigations conducted to date have caused significant adverse effects to the land and wildlife near the Pebble site. Pebble has been a major issue in Alaska politics since the mid-2000s; national environmental and sport-fishing organizations are involved, while national publications cover the issue. In 2006 one poll reported 28% of Alaskans in favor of and 53% opposed to Pebble and another reported 45% of Alaskans in favor and 31% in opposition. A poll of Bristol Bay residents reported 20% in favor and 71% opposed. Fifty-seven percent of Alaskan voters in a 2008 statewide election voted against a ballot measure that would have essentially outlawed the project and perhaps similar developments elsewhere in Alaska. Organizations including the Resource Development Council, Alaska Mining Association, and the Alaska Chamber of Commerce support the project. The proposal has strong support among statewide elected officials. Opposition to the proposal was led by organizations including; the Renewable Resources Coalition (formed in 2005 to oppose the Pebble project), local native groups (such as the Bristol Bay Native Association), commercial and sport fishing organizations (such as the Alaska Independent Fishermen's Marketing Association and the Alaska Wilderness Recreation and Tourism Association), and environmental groups (such as American Rivers and Trout Unlimited). Deceased Senator Ted Stevens, a strong proponent of other resource extraction projects, in 2007 expressed opposition to the Pebble proposal. In April 2009, a Native delegation from the Bristol Bay region attended the annual shareholder's meeting of Anglo American, the major mining company behind the Pebble project. The delegation met with Cynthia Carroll, CEO of Anglo American, claiming that the Bristol Bay watershed is no place for an open-pit mine. Multiple UK jewelers pledged not to buy gold from the Pebble mine if it is built, joining several American jewellery retailers and manufacturers who had done the same in 2008. Arguments against the proposal Opponents to the mine point out that it is about jobs—current sustainable fishing (world class fishery with long history and that is perpetually sustainable) versus the time-limited mining employment that the mine will generate. (All mines have limited lifespans.) The fish in the watershed, and the wildlife that depend on them, are too important to risk in exchange for the mine's economic benefits. (Bristol Bay is the most valuable Sockeye Salmon fishery in the world — generating $1.5 billion in annual profit.) Accidental discharge of process chemicals and byproducts, heavy metals, and acid mine drainage to the environment are concerns in mine design and operation. Heavy metals are mobilized by acids. Downstream salmon and freshwater fish species are vulnerable to mine-generated pollutants. A threat to the fisheries would amount to a threat to the regional subsistence lifestyle. Hard-rock mining already has a notable track record in terms of the permanent and costly legacy of heavy-metal-laden acidic leachate that continuously flows from inactive, depleted old mine sites. According to the EPA, mining has contaminated portions of the headwaters of over 40 percent of watersheds in the western continental U.S., and reclamation of 500,000 abandoned mines in 32 states could cost tens of billions of dollars. A recent study of 25 modern large hard-rock metal mines compared water quality outcomes with environmental impact statement (EIS) predictions from the permitting stage. 76 percent (19 mines) of the 25 mines violated water quality standards in releases to either surface or groundwater. In this study "violated water quality standards" does not necessarily mean that the mines failed to abide by their permits. When the 15 mines with high-acid drainage, high-contaminant leaching potential and proximity to ground water are considered separately, this number is 93% (14 mines). A report commissioned by opponents criticizes for community, worker safety, public health, and environmental problems at their mining operations in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Mali, Ireland, and Nevada and notes the difference between the previous owner's stated corporate goals and their actual corporate performance. (Anglo American gave up on Pebble Project due to environmental concerns; these concerns remain under the subsequent owners of the project.) Groundtruthtrekking.org claimed that earthquake hazards in the area are poorly known. Economic Due to Alaska's tax structure, oil and gas drilling returns over 20% of resource value to the state and municipalities, fishing returns 1% to 5%, and mining returns approximately 1.5%. However, considering the mine contains over $500 billion in resources, this 1.5% tax amounts to a maximum of $7.5 Billion in tax revenue over the course of the mine's operation or $166 million/year or some four times the commercial tax budget in 2011 ($43 million). The annual revenue potential of the mine is yet unknown, and consequently so is the tax revenue to the State. Arguments for the proposal Economic The mine and supporting activities would provide significant tax revenue to the state. The State of Alaska predicts that direct mining tax revenue, even without Pebble, will be one of the most important sources of non-oil tax revenue (exceeding revenue from fishing). The mine will create well-paying jobs in an increasingly poverty-stricken region—a 2007 estimate indicated roughly 2,000 jobs for construction, dropping to 1,000 permanent jobs during the 30- to 60-year expected lifespan of the mine.. However, the current expected mine life has been decreased to 20 years following changes to the development plan in 2018. Also, the recent and well-documented trend towards automation of mining means that actual employment figures will be substantially lower than those quoted in 2007. Automation of mines will further increase in the future. The mine would provide a domestic resource of raw materials lowering the United States reliance on foreign sources. Environmental Protection of the environment and fisheries will be ensured by the stringent environmental review and permitting process, including an EIS, that is required before development is allowed. Much of the poor environmental track record of mining occurred before current technologies and regulations. Northern Dynasty has a "no net loss" policy for fisheries. Legal challenges EPA action In April 2013, EPA issued a draft assessment of the impact of proposed mining plans on the fisheries, wildlife and Alaska native tribes in the region. In January 2014, the final assessment was released. It questioned the future of salmon habitat should the mine be opened, but the agency did not use its authority to stop the mine. Pebble Partnership CEO John Shively severely criticized the EPA assessment, saying it was unscientific and that it sought a predetermined outcome. A few days after the release, Democratic U.S. Senator Mark Begich openly opposed the mine, breaking with the other members of the Alaska congressional delegation, Republican Senator Lisa Murkowski and Republican Representative Don Young. In July 2014, before the project had submitted its EIS, EPA Region 10 proposed restrictions employing Section 404 (c) of the Clean Water Act, restrictions that would effectively prohibit the project. This was the twelfth time the clause has been employed since the Act's passage in 1971. On July 18, 2014, in a published statement, Pebble Partnership CEO Tom Collier said that the project would continue its litigation against EPA; noted that the EPA's action was under investigation by the Office of the EPA Inspector General and by the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform; and also noted that two bills were pending in the US House and Senate seeking to clarify that EPA did not have the authority to preemptively veto or otherwise restrict development projects prior to the onset of federal and state permitting. Collier's statement also said that EPA's proposal was based on outdated mining scenarios that were not part of the project's approach. On December 18, 2009, an appeal was filed in Alaska Superior Court contending that a decision in November 2009 by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources’ commissioner rejecting their challenge of a 2009 exploration permit was inappropriate. The suit contends that ADNR failed to give Alaskans adequate notice and opportunity to comment on the permit and that it failed to consider the appeal. Trustees for Alaska is pursuing the suit for Nunamta Aulukestai and two Bristol Bay residents. In May 2017 the Pebble Partnership and EPA jointly announced they had reached a settlement agreement to end the legal dispute regarding the EPA's Proposed Determination issued under CWA 404(c) in July 2014. The Agreement called for the EPA to withdraw the regulatory action while the Pebble Partnership agreed to terminate outstanding lawsuits brought against the EPA. In July 2017, the EPA sought comments on a proposal to withdraw its objections to the Pebble Mine based on the 1974 Clean Water Act. In February 2018, the EPA changed plans to withdraw restrictions on the Pebble Mine on the basis of the Clean Water Act. Instead, Administrator Pruitt offered support of the fishery. The decision is not final and is open to further public comments. On July 30th 2019, the EPA withdrew their preemptive proposed determination to restrict use of the pebble deposit area as a disposal site. Nondalton Tribal Council et al. v. State of Alaska DNR Six federally recognized tribes filed Nondalton Tribal Council et al. v. State of Alaska DNR with the Alaska Superior Court (Third Judicial District) on May 5, 2009. The suit challenged the validity of the 2005 Bristol Bay Area Plan, one of many Area Plans created and administered by the State of Alaska that, along with other State and Federal rules, define land status and the appropriate and legal uses of State land within the plan boundaries. The Bristol Bay Area Plan (BBAP) applies to about of state-owned uplands and lands beneath rivers and lakes in the Bristol Bay drainages, including lands at and in the vicinity of the proposed mine. The plan also covers about of state-owned tide and submerged lands. The suit alleged that the 2005 BBAP, which replaced the original 1984 version, drastically altered, without legal justification, the land-use designations, classifications and acreages defined in the 1984 plan; and that the 2005 plan failed to provide adequate protection for subsistence resources, sport hunting and fishing, wildlife habitat and other renewable resources. If successful, the suit will require ADNR to write a new area plan, a many months-long process involving much public input and review of draft versions, although ultimately, approval of an area plan is decided by the Commissioner of Natural Resources, an appointee of the Governor. As of Aug. 7, 2009, DNR had not filed an answer to the complaint. Nunamta Aulukestai et al. v. State of Alaska DNR Nunamta Aulukestai et al. v. State of Alaska DNR, was filed in Alaska Superior Court (Third Judicial District) on July 29, 2009, by Trustees for Alaska on behalf of the Bristol Bay Native organization Nunamta Aulukestai, former Alaska First Lady Bella Hammond, original Alaska Constitutional Convention delegate Victor Fischer and other individuals. The suit seeks "Declaratory and Injunctive Relief," asserting that the Alaska Department of Natural Resources repeatedly violated Section VIII of the Alaska Constitution, which specifically provides that there shall be, "...no disposals or leases of state lands...without prior public notice and other safeguards of the public's interest..." The plaintiffs are seeking, among other things, an injunction voiding the project's existing permits, including water-use permits. The requested injunction was specific to Pebble permits and would not directly apply to other mining projects. The suit alleges that ADNR's "pattern of permitting," is defective because it was not sufficiently rigorous in determining that issuing a permit would best serve public interest, as demonstrated by a lack of documented scientific studies and by lack of public review and input, prior to issuing permits. A Declaration by one of the plaintiffs references the Commentary on Article VIII on State Lands and Natural Resources of December 15, 1955; "As requirements change and many tasks become routine, appropriate modifications can be made in procedures if rigid requirements are not specified in the Constitution itself." The suit also alleges that significant, and documented, adverse effects on land, water, and wildlife have already occurred as a result of drilling and other exploration activities at Pebble since 1989. In late 2009 the presiding judge rejected a State of Alaska motion to dismiss the case and also denied a motion for a preliminary injunction to stop mining exploration. A Petition for Review on the preliminary injunction decision was filed with the Alaska Supreme Court. In July 2010, the Alaska Superior Court ruled that Nunamta Aulukestai et al. v. State of Alaska DNR would proceed to a non-jury trial in December 2010. The ruling dismissed one of the six claims in the lawsuit and limited the scope of the upcoming trial to the Pebble permits, rather than to the Alaska mineral exploration permitting system in general. Political actions Two bills designed to outlaw large-scale mining in the Pebble area were introduced in the Alaska state legislature in 2007; both stalled in committee. A third attempted (by ballot measure) piece of legislation was the Alaska Clean Water Initiative, 2008. It was voted down after months of high-profile public debate, heavy advertising, and a series of judgements by the Alaska State Supreme Court. The measure remained an active public issue; in June 2009 the state of Alaska's Alaska Public Offices Commission reported violations of campaign funding laws during the contest. Then-Governor Sarah Palin was a strong supporter of the project and faced criticism about her opposition to the initiative, the involvement of state government and the intended use of a $7 million federal earmark to facilitate it. Ethics questions were raised about her and her husband Todd's participation. Jay Hammond State Game Refuge A proposal to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game to create a fish refuge in the Koktuli and Talarik watersheds was supported by mine opponents and opposed by Northern Dynasty. The Alaska Board of Fisheries voted to create a panel to study the proposal (which could decide to recommend a refuge to the legislature). Both sides claimed this as a victory. In March 2007 the Board voted to take no action on the proposal due to pending legislation. In January, 2007 Senate Bill 67, introduced by Senator Gary Stevens, of Kodiak, proposed the establishment of a State Fish and Game Refuge covering about of state land in the Kvichak and Nushagak drainages (with the refuge to be named after former Alaska Governor Jay Hammond). It proposed that no uses incompatible with: fish and wildlife populations; commercial or subsistence food gathering; or recreation would be allowed in the refuge. The bill sought to close the refuge to new mining claims. Most significantly, the bill would have made illegal the storage or disposal of any quantity of, "industrial waste," thereby making it impossible to develop any industry, including mines, within the refuge. The bill died in the Senate Resources Committee. Salmon Spawning Waters In February 2007, a bill to stop the project by increasing protections for spawning salmon died in the Human Resources committee. 2008 Alaska Clean Water Initiative In August 2008, Ballot Measure 4, the "Alaska Clean Water Initiative," was voted down (approximately 57% against and 43% in favor) in that year's primary election. The measure was written to apply statewide (which the Constitution of Alaska demands). Supporters of the Measure argued that it would not affect any other mining operation. Opponents argued that it would have had serious, and unnecessary, adverse effects on the mining industry statewide. Property rights Pebble supporters argued that such bills and measures would constitute an illegal taking of property rights (mineral rights granted by the State of Alaska to holders of mining claims on state land). References External links Government links Alaska Division of Mining, Land & Water: Pebble Project Opposition Renewable Resources Coalition Renewable Resources Foundation Bristol Bay Native Corporation Nunamta Aulukestai-Caretakers of the Land Bristol Bay Residents Who Oppose the Mine Save Bristol Bay Our Bristol Bay Alaska Trekking Proponents Northern Dynasty Minerals The Pebble Partnership Northern Dynasty (NAK) Institutional Investors Pebble education and information PebbleWatch - a Project of Bristol Bay Native Corporation's Land Department Pebble Science - Objective Scientific Information on the Proposed Pebble Mine News "Alaska Gold" video documentary July 2012 from PBS Frontline UPI: (April 6, 2008) "Alaska's Pebble Mine worries biologist" Seattle Times: (Feb. 12, 2008) "Jewelers oppose Alaska mine" Peninsula Clarion: (Feb. 13, 2008) "Major jewelers oppose Pebble" Anchorage Daily News: (March 18, 2009)"Spending on Pebble prospect falls this year" National Jeweler: (April 7, 2009)"Alaska gold mine fight heads to London" National Jeweler: (April 14, 2009) "UK jewelers join boycott of proposed Alaska mine" Homer News: (April 15, 2009) "Leading UK jewelers say 'no' to Pebble" Homer Tribune: (April 29, 2009) "Where's 'fault' in Pebble prospect?" Anchorage Daily News: (July 29, 2009) Coalition sues to block Pebble mine permits" Category:Gold mines in the United States Category:Copper mines in the United States Category:Buildings and structures in Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska Category:Mines in Alaska	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Adam James Syddall Adam Syddall (born 10 June 1980) is a cricketer born in Bolton, Lancashire. He has represented Lancashire County Cricket Club 2nd XI from 1999-2000 and a number of other first-class county 2nd XI's including Hampshire, Worcestershire, Glamorgan, Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. He played for Cambridgeshire County Cricket Club in 2005 and 2006 winning their player of the season award in 2006. In 2007 he moved to Cheshire County Cricket Club and won the Western Division title with Cheshire in 2007, 2009 and 2013. He went on to win two minor county championship titles with Cheshire in 2007 and 2013. To date he holds the record for the most number of one-day wickets for Cheshire County Cricket Club. Adam was capped by Cheshire County Cricket Club in 2008 and captained the club in the Championship in 2012. He moved to his third minor county team Cumberland County Cricket Club in 2016 and captained the county during their one-day campaign in 2018. Adam Syddall has represented the Minor Counties Cricket Association in a number of fixtures and was a member of the MCCA/Unicorns squad playing in the First Class Counties 2nd XI Trophy from 2007 to 2016. Adam Syddall was part of the last ever 'A' Tour sent by Marelybone Cricket Club to East Africa under the captaincy of England player Jamie Dalrymple in 2008 and has represented MCC in over 100 fixtures to date. References Category:1980 births Category:Living people Category:English cricketers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Rhinoceros (genus) Rhinoceros is a genus comprising one-horned rhinoceroses. This scientific name was proposed by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The genus contains two species, the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) and the Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus). Although both members are endangered, the Javan rhinoceros is one of the most endangered large mammals in the world with only 60 individuals surviving in Java (Indonesia). A fossil jawbone of an extinct species, Rhinoceros philippinensis, was found in the Philippines. The word 'rhinoceros' is of Greek origin meaning one-horned animal. Classification The genus Rhinoceros comprises: Indian rhinoceros (R. unicornis) Javan rhinoceros (R. sondaicus) †R. hemitoxhus †R. leptorhinus †R. philippinensis described by von Koenigswald in 1956 were fossil remains found in Cagayan province of the Philippines. †R. sinensis Etymology The genus name Rhinoceros is a combination of the ancient Greek words ῥίς (ris) meaning 'nose' and κέρας (keras) meaning 'horn of an animal'. References External links Category:Rhinoceroses Category:Mammal genera Category:Extant Miocene first appearances Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
2006 Racquetball World Championships The 13th Racquetball World Championships were held in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) from August 3 to 13, with 22 men's national teams and 18 women's national teams in the national teams competition; and several players in the Singles and Doubles competition. __TOC__ Men's team competition Men's final standings Women's team competition Women's final standings See also Racquetball World Championships External links Men's Team Results Women's Team Results Historical final standings IRF website Category:Racquetball World Championships Racquetball World Championships Racquetball World Championships Category:Racquetball in the Dominican Republic Category:International sports competitions hosted by the Dominican Republic	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Carlton Bloc Carlton Bloc () was a residential bloc located in Bucharest, Romania. at 9 Nicolae Bălcescu Boulevard, completed in 1936. Designed by architects George Matei Cantacuzino and Vasile Arion, it had a large cinema on the ground level, also called the Carlton. Having 14 floors, and a height of it was the tallest buildings in the capital until it completely collapsed in the November 10, 1940 earthquake, killing 140 and injuring 86 people. External links Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Bucharest Category:History of Bucharest Category:Collapsed buildings and structures	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Maroalopoty Maroalopoty is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Ambovombe, which is a part of Androy Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 16,000 in 2001 commune census. Only primary schooling is available. The majority 50% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 34% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are cassava and cowpeas, while other important agricultural products are other peas, maize and sweet potatoes. Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 15% of the population. References and notes Category:Populated places in Androy	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Josie Ho Josephine "Josie" Ho Chiu-yi (), born 26 December 1974) is a singer and actress from Hong Kong. She is the daughter of the Macao casino magnate Stanley Ho. Acting career She has played many roles, including portraying the parts of prostitutes, which were in strong contrast to her own wealthy upbringing as a billionaire's daughter. For the film Exiled, Ho did not work with a script. Recalling the experience in a recent interview, she said of director Johnnie To, "[He] basically tells actors what to do ... Johnnie wants us to come to the set with our mind completely clean, like a white piece of paper. That way, he can draw whatever he wishes on us." Ho starred alongside Eason Chan in the Pang Ho-cheung directed slasher film, Dream Home. In 2009, Ho along with husband Conroy Chan, and Andrew Ooi, co-founded 852 Films, a film production company. Personal life Ho is the youngest daughter of businessman Stanley Ho and Ho's second wife Lucina Lam. She has 3 elder sisters and 1 younger brother, Pansy, Daisy, Maisy and Lawrence, as well as numbers of half-brothers and half-sisters. In November 2003, Ho married musician-actor Conroy Chan Chi-chung in Australia. She credits her eldest sister Pansy with supporting her early efforts to establish a singing career over the objections of their father. Filmography References External links Josie Ho at the Hong Kong Movie DataBase Official Josie Ho website Josie Ho at Hong Kong Cinemagic Josie Ho at ChineseMov Josie Ho interview (video) The Establishing Shot talks to Josie Ho about Dream Home (video) Clifford Coonan: Hong Kong's poster girl is not your average heiress, Irish Times, 4 October 2011 Alexandra A. Seno: Josie Ho: Tracking a star, from Hong Kong to Sundance, New York Times, 8 January 2008 Johannes Pong: Billionaire heiress Josie Ho, hk.asia-city.com, 20 May 2010 Category:Hong Kong film actresses Category:Hong Kong female singers Category:Hong Kong television actresses Category:1974 births Category:Living people Category:Hong Kong people of Dutch-Jewish descent Category:21st-century women singers	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Dōjinshi convention A dōjinshi convention is a type of fan convention dedicated to the sale of dōjinshi, self-published works. Dōjinshi conventions are usually referred to as sokubaikai (, literally "display and sale event") or ibento (, from the English "event"). Thousands of dōjinshi conventions take place in Japan every year, but dōjinshi conventions are also held in other East Asian countries, and sometimes outside that region as well. Summary Dōjinshi conventions are one of the most important distribution channels of dōjinshi. Most are small-scale occasions with perhaps a few hundred participating circles, but the larger ones can attract tens or hundreds of thousands of participants, making them important public events in Japan. Comiket, the largest of all dōjinshi conventions, attracts 35,000 sellers and over half a million individual visits during each of its biannual editions. Most conventions are organized by the amateur creators themselves, and most focus on the sale of dōjinshi that are fanworks. Different kinds of conventions There are dōjinshi conventions in many different sizes, on different schedules, and with a different focus. Many are recurring events, held yearly, twice yearly, quarterly, or even monthly. Many large conventions are "all genres" (, ooru janru), meaning that they are multi-fandom events that welcome creators from all possible fandoms or "genres". Comiket and Niigata Comic Market are examples. Some dōjinshi conventions welcome cosplay activity as well. The focus of smaller conventions is often narrower, and smaller conventions are also more likely to be one-off events. Many smaller conventions are "only events" (, onrii ibento, also called "only dōjinshi markets" , onrii dōjinshi sokubaikai). This means that they feature only dōjinshi about one particular fandom, one particular character, or one particular pairing or fan trope. Many conventions feature not just fanworks but also original (, sōsaku, or also orijinaru) dōjinshi. Some conventions focus entirely on original works, for instance COMITIA, a long-running convention that attracts several thousand dōjinshi circles with every edition. Sometimes a themed "only event" takes place within a larger convention, with the organizers of the "only event" reserving space and signage for their smaller event in a hall shared with other "only events" and often a larger umbrella event. These conventions-within-conventions are also called "petit only" (, "puchi onrii"). They can focus on the same themes as the "only events" that occur outside of a larger convention. How it works Months before the convention, organizers begin soliciting participants online and via flyers that are distributed at other conventions and in dōjin shops. The pamphlets contain information about how many spaces are available for circles, how many cosplayers can apply, and so on. Interested circles and cosplayers can usually apply by filling in the form attached to the pamphlet, or by using an online application service like Circle.ms. Visitors to dōjinshi conventions usually do not need to register either beforehand or upon arrival at the convention. The main activity at dōjinshi conventions is the sale of dōjinshi, although some conventions include cosplay or other activities as well. Participating dōjinshi circles sit at long rows of tables with their works displayed in front of them. They are usually grouped by fandom and sometimes also by the pairings on which their works focus, and visitors get or sometimes buy a convention catalog or flyer in which the location of every participating circle is indicated. Visitors move between the rows of tables, leaf through dōjinshi that catch their eye, and buy them by paying the circles in cash. Although the "for fans by fans" ethos among dōjinshi conventions is strong, not everyone present at dōjinshi conventions are fans or amateurs. In Comiket's 2004 summer edition, "5 percent of all circles participating in Comiket were headed by a professional manga artist or illustrator, while another 10 percent had some professional experience". Erotic game producers also allow artists to sell sketches as dōjinshi. The larger conventions especially often allow some involvement of media companies. Many kinds of companies support dōjinshi conventions through sponsorship, direct participation, or providing various necessary services. Comiket, for instance, has a "company area" where mostly media companies sell or give away goods and merchandise. Art supply companies and dōjin printers also have booths at many of the larger conventions. Examples Some dōjinshi conventions include: Comiket COMITIA Niigata Comic Market Comic Frontier In popular culture The manga and anime Genshiken has several scenes of characters taking part in a fictional dōjinshi convention The manga and anime Dōjin Work has several scenes of characters taking part in a fictional dōjinshi convention Dōjinshi conventions are referenced in the manga Denkigai no Honya-san. See also Dōjin Dōjin music Dōjin soft References Further reading Ito, Mizuko, Daisuke Okabe, and Izumi Tsuji, eds. 2012. Fandom Unbound: Otaku Culture in a Connected World. Yale University Press. Category:Anime and manga terminology Category:Anime and manga fandom Category:Fan fiction Category:Fan conventions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
George Stearns (politician) George McClellan (Mac) Stearns (17 December 1901 – 9 January 1979) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was an industrialist by career, starting up and running the Mégantic Pulp & Paper Company. Stearns was born in the small rural town of Lac-Mégantic, Quebec. He and his wife had three children together, to whom he passed down his successful Mégantic-area Pulp & Paper company after he died. After an unsuccessful attempt to win the Compton—Frontenac riding in the 1957 federal election, Stearns was elected in the 1958 election. He served one term, the 24th Canadian Parliament, before leaving federal office and did not campaign for re-election in 1962. In 1979, he died aged 77 in Lac Megantic. References External links Category:1901 births Category:1979 deaths Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs Category:People from Lac-Mégantic, Quebec	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
National Gay Newspaper Guild The National Gay Newspaper Guild is an organization of LGBT newspapers located in the United States. Through Rivendell Media, the guild gathers statistics on the readership of the member publications. Member publications Bay Area Reporter Bay Windows Between the Lines Dallas Voice Frontiers Philadelphia Gay News San Francisco Sentinel Washington Blade Windy City Times References National Gay Newspaper Guild	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Boom! (game show) Boom! is an American television game show that premiered on the Fox network on June 25, 2015. An adaptation of an Israeli series with the same title, Boom! is a general-knowledge quiz show where three players must correctly answer questions in order to defuse bombs. The program's stage utilizes 3D projection mapping featuring more than one million LEDs. Boom! is produced by Jeff Apploff and Bob Boden. On August 21, 2016, FOX cancelled Boom! after one season. Format Main game Three players compete as a team to defuse a series of six time bombs by answering one question per bomb. Each question has several answer choices, only one of which is incorrect, and each answer corresponds to a differently colored wire on the bomb. The goal is to cut the wires for only the correct answers before the timer on the bomb reaches zero. Before each question, the category is given and the team chooses one player to attempt it. When the player cuts a wire, the timer briefly stops and the result is revealed after a three-second delay. If the player cuts all the correct wires, the bomb is defused and money is added to the team's bank. However, if the player cuts the incorrect wire or if time runs out, the bomb "explodes," spraying its contents all over him/her and the studio. That player is then eliminated from the game, and no money is added to the bank. The players and host all wear safety goggles for eye protection while onstage, and the audience members in the front rows wear goggles and plastic rain ponchos to keep themselves clean. The contents of the bombs are typically food items that are sticky and/or hard to clean off clothing, such as pizza sauce, maple syrup, and gravy. Every player must attempt to defuse at least one of the six bombs. If all three players are eliminated, the game ends and the team leaves with no winnings. Values, time limits, and numbers of answer choices increase from one question to the next as shown below. Mega Money Bomb If at least one player is still in the game after the sixth bomb, the team must decide whether to take their winnings and end the game, or attempt to answer a seventh question and defuse the final Mega Money Bomb. The host gives them the category for this question in order to help them decide. The question has 10 answer choices, seven correct and three incorrect, and a 90-second time limit. One player cuts the wires, while the other two can offer advice, and all three must stand over the bomb. Any player may be chosen to cut the wires, regardless of whether or not he/she was eliminated from the main game. If the players successfully defuse the bomb, their entire bank is quadrupled; if not, it is cut in half. The maximum possible winnings total is $500,000, obtained by successfully defusing all seven bombs. Episodes International versions Legend: Currently airing No longer airing Upcoming or returning version References External links Official Site on Fox Info about the show Category:2010s American comedy game shows Category:2015 American television series debuts Category:2015 American television series endings Category:Fox Broadcasting Company original programming Category:Quiz shows Category:American television series based on Israeli television series Category:Television series by Dick Clark Productions	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Hawolgok-dong Hawolgok-dong is a dong, neighbourhood of Seongbuk-gu in Seoul, South Korea. See also Administrative divisions of South Korea References External links Seongbuk-gu Official site in English Map of Seongbuk-gu Seongbuk-gu Official website Hawolgok 1-dong Resident office Category:Neighbourhoods of Seongbuk District	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Listen to Your Father "Listen to Your Father" is a song from Irish singer Feargal Sharkey, released as his non-album debut single in 1984. It was written by Carl Smyth, and produced by Sharkey and Liquidator Productions (i.e. the British ska band Madness). The song reached No. 23 in the UK and No. 22 in Ireland. The B-side, "Can I Say I Love You", was written by Smyth and Sharkey. The single was the first to be released on Zarjazz Records, a sub-label of Virgin which had been formed that year by Madness. All members of Madness performed on the record minus lead singer Suggs. When "Listen to Your Father" became a hit, Sharkey left the label to sign with Virgin as Madness had not required him to sign a contract with their label. A music video was created to promote the song. Sharkey performed the song on popular UK music show Top of The Pops with members of Madness as backing musicians. Madness members Smyth and Mark Bedford also appeared with Sharkey on UK show Saturday Starship to promote the single and the Zarjazz label. On 24 November 1985, the song was performed live at the Hammersmith Odeon, London, during Madness' tour to promote their Mad Not Mad album. Sharkey performed lead vocals, with Madness singer Suggs introducing Sharkey as "Mr Teenage Kicks", referring to the Sharkey's hit song with his ex-band The Undertones. Reception Upon release, Paul Bursche of Number One wrote: "It's not a brilliant song but its sheer stomping, foot-tapping brightness almost guarantees Fergy a hit." Paul Massey of the Aberdeen Evening Express wrote: "I preferred him with the Undertones but this is still good - bold, brassy and powerful." Upon release, Jim Reid of Record Mirror commented: "A Carl Smythe tune, "Listen to Your Father" is the 4-4 stomp of early Madness without the winning melody and hook lines. Sharkey's voice isn't well served by the brassy jolting action. The Ulsterman deserves a more restrained treatment than this." Vici MacDonald of Smash Hits wrote: "This man has gone one of the best voices around. I'm not ashamed to admit that, when performing the Undertones' perfect pop songs, he could bring a tear to my eye. What, then, is he doing on this foul pub-rock thingy? A terrible waste!" Formats Chart performance Personnel Jill Furmanovsky - photography Feargal Sharkey, Liquidator Productions - producer Michael Brauer - extended remix of "Listen to Your Father" References Category:1984 debut singles Category:Songs written by Chas Smash Category:Feargal Sharkey songs Category:1984 songs Category:Virgin Records singles	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Korg: 70,000 B.C. Korg: 70,000 B.C. is a 30-minute Saturday morning live-action television series created by Fred Freiberger and produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions; it was broadcast on ABC from September 7, 1974 to August 30, 1975. Plot Korg featured the adventures of a family of Neanderthals during the Ice Age. It was intended to be educational, and was based on the best then-current research about Neanderthal life; however, some situations had to be watered down for a young audience. Actor Burgess Meredith supplied the narration. Cast Production The American Museum of Natural History and The Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History served as consultants to the series. The series was one of three "serious" programs ABC put on its Saturday morning slate in 1974, along with the animated family dramas Devlin and These Are The Days. All three shows were failures in the ratings, and all were cancelled by January 1975 (although Korg continued in re-runs through August). Episodes Home media The "complete series" (actually only 16 of the 19 episodes) was released by Warner Archive on December 11, 2012. Merchandise A board game of the same title was produced by the US toy company Milton Bradley as a direct tie-in. Charlton Comics published a Korg comic book from May 1975 to November 1976 (well after the show had left the air). The series was written and drawn by Pat Boyette, and lasted nine issues. References External links Korg: 70,000 B.C. at the Grand Comics Database Category:1970s American children's television series Category:1974 American television series debuts Category:1975 American television series endings Category:American Broadcasting Company original programming Category:Television series by Hanna-Barbera Category:Prehistoric people in popular culture Category:American children's adventure television series Category:Neanderthals in fiction Category:Television series set in prehistory	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Early Christian inscriptions Early Christian inscriptions are the epigraphical remains of early Christianity. They are a valuable source of information in addition to the writings of the Church Fathers regarding the development of Christian thought and life in the first six centuries of the religion's existence. The three main types are sepulchral inscriptions, epigraphic records, and inscriptions concerning private life. General characteristics Materials The materials on which early Christian inscriptions were written were the same as those used for other inscriptions in antiquity. For sepulchral inscriptions and epigraphic records, the substance commonly employed was stone of different kinds, native or imported. The use of metal was less common. When the inscription is properly cut into the stone, it is called a titulus or marble; if merely scratched on the stone, the Italian word graffito is used; a painted inscription is called dipinto, and a mosaic inscription—such as those found largely in North Africa, Spain, and the East—are called opus musivum. It was a common practice in the Greco-Roman world to make use of slabs already inscribed, that is, to take the reverse of a slab already used for an inscription for the inscribing of a Christian one; such a slab is called an opisthograph. The form of the Christian inscriptions does not differ from that of the non-Christian inscriptions that were contemporary with them, except when sepulchral in character, and then only in the case of the tituli of the catacombs. The forms of stone sepulchral inscriptions differ in the Greek East and Latin West. The most common form in the East was the upright "stele" (, a block or slab of stone), frequently ornamented with a fillet or a projecting curved moulding; in the West a slab for the closing of the grave was often used. Thus the majority of the graves (loculi) in the catacombs were closed with thin, rectangular slabs of terracotta or marble; the graves called arcosolia were covered with heavy, flat slabs, while on the sarcophagi a panel (tabula) or a disk (discus) was frequently reserved on the front wall for an inscription. Artistic value The majority of the early Christian inscriptions, viewed from a technical and paleographical standpoint, give evidence of artistic decay: this applies especially to the tituli of the catacombs, which are, as a rule, less finely executed than the non-Christian work of the same time. A striking exception is formed by the Damasine letters introduced in the 4th century by Furius Dionysius Filocalus, the calligraphist of Pope Damasus I. The other forms of letters did not vary essentially from those employed by the ancients. The most important was the classical capital writing, customary from the time of Augustus; from the 4th century on it was gradually replaced by the uncial writing, the cursive characters being more or less confined to graffito inscriptions. Language Latin inscriptions are the most numerous. In the East, Greek was commonly employed, interesting dialects being occasionally found, as in the Christian inscriptions from Nubia in southern Egypt that were deciphered in the 19th century. Special mention should also be made of the Coptic inscriptions. The text is very often shortened by means of signs and abbreviations. At any early date, Christian abbreviations were found side by side with those traditionally used in connection with the religions of the Roman Empire. One of the most common was D.M. for Diis Manibus, "to the protecting Deities of the Lower World." The phrase presumably lost its original religious meaning and became a conventional formula as used by the early Christians. Most of the time, dates of Christian inscriptions must be judged from context, but when dates are given, they appear in Roman consular notation, that is, by naming the two consuls who held office that year. The method of chronological computation varied in different countries. The present Dionysian chronology does not appear in the early Christian inscriptions. Sepulchral inscriptions The earliest of these epitaphs are characterized by their brevity, only the name of the dead being given. Later a short acclamation was added, such as "in God" or "in Peace." From the end of the 2nd century, the formulae were enlarged by the addition of family names and the date of burial. In the third and fourth centuries, the text of the epitaphs was expanded with the age of the deceased, the year (reckoned according to the consuls in office), and laudatory epithets. For these particulars each of the regions comprising the Roman empire had its own distinct expressions, contractions, and acclamations. Large use was made of symbolism. Thus the open cross is found in the epitaphs of the catacombs as early as the 2nd century, and from the 3rd to the 6th century the monogrammatic cross in its various forms appears as a regular part of the epitaphs. The cryptic emblems of primitive Christianity are also used in the epitaphs: the fish (Christ), the anchor (hope), the palm (victory), and the representation of the soul in the other world as a female figure with arms extended in prayer (orans). Beginning with the 4th century, after the Church gained hegemony over the Empire, the language of the epitaphs became more frank and open. Emphasis was laid upon a life according to the dictates of Christian faith, and prayers for the dead were added to the inscription. The prayers inscribed thus early on the sepulchral slabs reproduce in large measure the primitive liturgy of the funeral service. They implore for the dead eternal peace and a place of refreshment (refrigerium), invite to the heavenly love-feast (Agape), and wish the departed the speedy enjoyment of the light of Paradise, and the fellowship of God and the saints. A perfect example of this kind of epitaph is that of the Egyptian monk Schenute; it is taken verbally from an ancient Greek liturgy. It begins with the doxology, "In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, Amen", and continues: May the God of the spirit and of all flesh, Who has overcome death and trodden Hades under foot, and has graciously bestowed life on the world, permit this soul of Father Schenute to attain to rest in the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the place of light and of refreshment, where affliction, pain, and grief are no more. O gracious God, the lover of men, forgive him all the errors which he has committed by word, act, or thought. There is indeed no earthly pilgrim who has not sinned, for Thou alone, O God, art free from every sin. The epitaph repeats the doxology at the close, and adds the petition of the scribe: "O Savior, give peace also to the scribe." When the secure position of the Church assured greater freedom of expression, the non-religious part of the sepulchral inscriptions was also enlarged. In Western Europe and in the East it was not unusual to note, both in the catacombs and in the cemeteries above ground, the purchase or gift of the grave and its dimensions. Traditional minatory formulae against desecration of the grave or its illegal use as a place of further burial also came into Christian use. Historical and theological inscriptions Many of the early Christian sepulchral inscriptions provide information concerning the original development of the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Thus, for example, from the earliest times we meet in them all the hierarchical grades from the door-keeper (ostiarius) and lector up to the Pope. A number of epitaphs of the early popes (Pontianus, Anterus, Fabianus, Cornelius, Lucius, Eutychianus, Caius) were found in the so-called "Papal Crypt" in the Catacomb of St. Callistus on the Via Appia, rediscovered by De Rossi. Numbers of early epitaphs of bishops have been found from Germany to Nubia. Priests are frequently mentioned, and reference is often made to deacons, subdeacons, exorcists, lectors, acolytes, fossores or gravediggers, alumni or adopted children. The Greek inscriptions of Western Europe and the East yield especially interesting material; in them is found, in addition to other information, mention of archdeacons, archpriests, deaconesses, and monks. Besides catechumens and neophytes, reference is also made to virgins consecrated to God, nuns, abbesses, holy widows, one of the last-named being the mother of Pope Damasus I, the restorer of the catacombs. Epitaphs of martyrs and tituli mentioning the martyrs are not found as frequently as one would expect, especially in the Roman catacombs. It may be that during periods of persecution, Christians had to give secret burial to the remains of their martyrs. Another valuable repertory of Catholic theology is found in the dogmatic inscriptions in which all important dogmas of the Church meet (incidentally) with monumental confirmation. The monotheism of the worshippers of the Word — or Cultores Verbi, as the early Christians liked to style themselves — and their belief in Christ are well expressed even in the early inscriptions. Very ancient inscriptions emphasize the most profound of Catholic dogmas, the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Two early inscriptions are particularly notable in this regard, the epitaph of Abercius, Bishop of Hieropolis in Phrygia (2nd century), and the somewhat later epitaph of Pectorius at Autun in Gaul. The inscription of Abercius speaks of the fish (Christ) caught by a holy virgin, which serves as food under the species of bread and wine; it speaks, further, of Rome, where Abercius visited the chosen people, the Church par excellence. This important inscription was at first controversial among scholars, and some non-Catholic archeologists sought to find in it a tendency to syncretism, that is, an accommodation of Christianity with earlier and other religions practiced within the Roman Empire. Now, however, its purely Christian character is almost universally acknowledged. The original was presented by Sultan Abdul Hamid to Leo XIII, and is preserved in the Vatican Museums (ex Lateranense collection). Early Christian inscriptions also provide evidence for the Catholic doctrine of the Resurrection, the sacraments, the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the primacy of the Apostolic See in Rome. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of these evidences, for they are always entirely incidental elements of the sepulchral inscriptions, all of which were pre-eminently eschatological in their purpose. Poetical and official inscriptions The purely literary side of these monuments is not insignificant. Many inscriptions have the character of public documents; others are in verse, either taken from well-known poets, or at times the work of the person erecting the memorial. Fragments of classical poetry, especially quotations from Virgil, are occasionally found. The most famous composer of poetical epitaphs in Christian antiquity was Pope Damasus I (366–384), mentioned above. He repaired the neglected tombs of the martyrs and the graves of distinguished persons who had lived before the Constantinian epoch, and adorned these burial places with metrical epitaphs in a peculiarly beautiful lettering. Nearly all the larger cemeteries of Rome owe to this pope large stone tablets of this character, several of which have been preserved in their original form or in fragments. Besides verses on his mother Laurentia and his sister Irene, he wrote an autobiographical poem addressed to Christ: "Thou Who stillest the waves of the deep, Whose power giveth life to the seed slumbering in the earth, who didst awaken Lazarus from the dead and give back the brother on the third day to the sister Martha; Thou wilt, so I believe, awake Damasus from death." Eulogies in honor of the Roman martyrs form the most important division of the Damasine inscriptions. They are written in hexameters, a few in pentameters. The best known celebrate the temporary burial of the two chief Apostles in the Platonia under the basilica of St. Sebastian on the Via Appia, the martyrs Hyacinth and Protus in the Via Salaria Antiqua, Pope Marcellus in the Via Salaria Nova, Saint Agnes in the Via Nomentana, also Saints Laurence, Hippolytus, Gorgonius, Marcellinus and Peter, Eusebius, Tarsicius, Cornelius, Eutychius, Nereus and Achilleus, Felix and Adauctus. Damasus also placed a metrical inscription in the baptistery of the Vatican, and set up others in connexion with various restorations, for instance an inscription on a stairway of the cemetery of Saint Hermes. Altogether there have been preserved as the work of Damasus more than one hundred epigrammata, some of them originals and others written copies. More than one half are probably correctly ascribed to him, even though after his death Damasine inscriptions continued to be set up in the beautiful lettering invented by Damasus or rather by his calligrapher Furius Dionysius Filocalus. Some of the inscriptions, which imitate the lettering of Filocalus, make special and laudatory mention of the pope who had done so much for the catacombs. Among these are the inscriptions of Pope Vigilius (537-55), a restorer animated by the spirit of Damasus. Some of his inscriptions are preserved in the Lateran Museum. These inscriptions as a rule are public and official in character. Other inscriptions served as official records of the erection of Christian edifices such as churches and baptisteries. Ancient Roman examples of this kind include the inscribed tablet dedicated by Boniface I at the beginning of the 5th century to St. Felicitas, to whom the pope ascribed the settlement of the schism of Eulalius, and the inscription (still visible) of Pope Sixtus III in the Lateran baptistery. The Roman custom was soon copied in all parts of the empire. At Thebessa in Northern Africa there were found fragments of a metrical inscription once set up over a door, and in almost exact verbal agreement with the text of an inscription in a Roman church. Both the basilica of Nola and the church at Primuliacum in Gaul bore the same distich: Pax tibi sit quicunque Dei penetralia Christi, pectore pacifico candidus ingrederis. ("Peace be to thee whoever enterest with pure and gentle heart into the sanctuary of Christ God.") In such inscriptions the church building is generally referred to as domus Dei ("the house of God") or domus orationis ("the house of prayer"). The customary Greek term Kyriou ("of the Lord") was found in the basilica of the Holy Baths, one of the basilicas of the ancient Egyptian town of Menas. In Northern Africa, especially, passages from the psalms frequently occur in Christian inscriptions. The preference in the East was for inscriptions executed in mosaic; such inscriptions were also frequent in Rome, where, it is well known, the art of mosaic reached very high perfection in Christian edifices. An excellent and well-known example is the still extant original inscription of the 5th century on the wall of the interior of the Roman basilica of Santa Sabina on the Aventine over the entrance to the nave. This monumental record in mosaic contains seven lines in hexameters. On each side of the inscription is a mosaic figure: one is the Ecclesia ex gentibus ("Church of the Nations"), the other the Ecclesia ex circumcisione ("Church of the Circumcision"). The text refers to the pontificate of Celestine I, during which period an Illyrian priest named Peter founded the church. Other parts of the early Christian churches such as roofs and walls were also occasionally decorated with inscriptions. It was also customary to decorate with inscriptions the lengthy cycles of frescoes depicted on the walls of churches. Fine examples of such inscriptions are preserved in the Dittochaeon of Prudentius, in the Ambrosian tituli, and in the writings of Paulinus of Nola. Many dedicatory inscriptions belong to the eighth and ninth centuries, especially in Rome, where in the eighth century numerous bodies of saints were transferred from the catacombs to the churches of the city. Graffiti Although graffiti are devoid of monumental character, writings scratched or scrawled on walls or other surfaces can be of great historical importance. Many are preserved in the catacombs and on various early Christian monuments. Especially notable are the ruins of the fine edifices of the town of Menas in the Egyptian Mareotis. The graffiti help in turn to illustrate the literary sources of the life of the early Christians. See also Christian ostraca Bibliography de Rossi, Inscriptiones Christianae urbis Romae septimo saeculo antiquiores (Rome, 1861) Le Blant, Manuel d'épigraphie chrétienne (Paris, 1869) Ritter, De compositione titulorum christianorum sepulcralium (Berlin, 1877) M'Caul, Christian Epitaphs of the First Six Centuries (London, 1869) James Spencer Northcote and William R. Brownlow, Epitaphs of the Catacombs (London, 1879) Kaufmann, Handbuch der christlichen Archäologie, pt. III, Epigraphische Denkmäler (Paderborn, 1905) Systus, Notiones archæologiæ Christian, vol. III, pt. I, Epigraphia (Rome, 1909). Aste Antonio, Gli epigrammi di papa Damaso I. Traduzione e commento, Libellula edizioni, collana Università (Tricase, Lecce 2014). The original article was written by Carl Maria Kaufmann. Notes * Category:European archaeology Category:Ancient Christian texts	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sankei Sho All Comers The Sankei Sho All Comers (Japanese オールカマー) is a Grade 2 horse race for Thoroughbreds aged three and over run in September over a distance of 2,200 metres at Nakayama Racecourse. It was first run in 1955 and was promoted to Grade 3 in 1984 when its distance was increased from 2000 metres. The race was elevated to Grade 2 class in 1995. The race often serves as a trial race for the autumn edition of the Tenno Sho. Winners of the race have included Oguri Cap, Shonan Pandora and Rey de Oro. Winners since 2000 The 2002 and 2014 races took place at Niigata Racecourse. Earlier winners 1984 - Asaka Silver 1985 - Asaka Silent 1986 - Jusaburo 1987 - Dyna Fairy 1988 - Suzu Parade 1989 - Oguri Cap 1990 - Racket Ball 1991 - George Monarch 1992 - Ikuno Dictus 1993 - Twin Turbo 1994 - Biwa Hiyahide 1995 - Hishi Amazon 1996 - Sakura Laurel 1997 - Mejiro Dober 1998 - Daiwa Texas 1999 - Hokkai Rousseau See also Horse racing in Japan List of Japanese flat horse races References Category:Turf races in Japan	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Sargent's Garage Sargent's Garage, also known as the Robinson's Paint and Body Shop, Grand Spring Body and Paint Company, and Fabio's, is a historic building located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States. Completed in 1924, this single-story commercial building emplifies vernacular commercial architecture. It features a rectangular plan, wood siding now covered with metal, and a flat roof. It originally had a symmetrical facade, which has now been altered. Its significance is that it is an early automobile repair and body shop, which was a new architectural form that was emerging in early 20th-century Iowa. It continued to serve this purpose until 1997 when it suffered a minor fire. The building sat vacant for a period of time until it was renovated and reopened. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998. References Category:Commercial buildings completed in 1924 Category:Buildings and structures in Des Moines, Iowa Category:National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines, Iowa Category:Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa Category:Vernacular architecture in Iowa	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
North Central Valley Wildlife Management Area Located within 11 counties in the Sacramento Valley and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California, North Central Valley Wildlife Management Area consists of conservation easements acquired on privately owned wetlands (primarily waterfowl hunting clubs). The landscape is very flat, bordered by the Sierra and Coast ranges and is surrounded by intensive agriculture. The purpose of the project is to protect wetland habitat by acquiring conservation easements on up to of land; this includes approximately of existing wetlands and of former wetlands to be restored and developed for waterfowl and other wetland-related wildlife. The area is an expansion of the highly successful Butte Sink and Willow Creek-Lurline Wildlife Management Areas and is implemented in accordance with the habitat acquisition goals of the Central Valley Habitat Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. Conservation easement requires landowners to maintain land in wetlands. References Area profile Area website Category:National Wildlife Refuges in California Category:Wetlands of California	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Pieter Nooten Pieter Nooten (born 22 January 1961 in Oss) is a Dutch musician and composer best known for his work with Clan of Xymox. Music career Nooten's musical career began in the late 1970s. Starting out as the drummer in a local symphonic rock band, he quickly changed to bass guitar and later keyboards, playing in different bands. At the height of house squatting culture and new wave, Nooten met Anka Wolbert and Ronny Moorings who had just formed Clan of Xymox together. During the mid-eighties Clan of Xymox recorded two highly acclaimed albums on 4AD. In 1987, he teamed up with Michael Brook to record Sleeps with the Fishes, released also on 4AD. This album would become Nooten's most acclaimed work. In 1989, Clan of Xymox (by then simply "Xymox") signed to Polygram and released their third album, Twist of Shadows. By 1990, in spite of the band's success, he decided to leave Xymox due to growing internal musical differences. While Xymox clearly wanted to stick to their 1980s roots, he started exploring new musical directions. The new, young dance culture intrigued him and a post as in-house producer at the famous One4Two studio's in Amsterdam was readily undertaken. During the first half of the nineties Nooten produced countless dance 12 inches and ambient orientated music for labels and projects (Hypercycle/First Contact/Ultimate Dream Mix), some of which reached the national record charts. By 1995, he moved back over to London and renewed the cooperation with Anka, who had also left Xymox. Nooten became somewhat tired with the slowly more and more morose dance music. He signed a publishing deal with Momentum (London). Anka and Pieter signed with EMI (NYC) under the name Vaselyn. However, due to record company internal re-organizations, the Vaselyn project in London was unexpectedly cut short. Anka and Nooten decided to take the material of Vaselyn with them knowing that some day, this material will get released. Shortly afterwards Nooten took an extended sabbatical from the major record industry during which time he wrote music for theatre, commercials and other media occasions. In 2004, Anka and Pieter started producing Sophie Zeyl's debut album Two Ways of Running. After recordings were finished in 2005, he started producing and remixing the material for Ourspace. They both also released Anka's solo album Cocoon Time on I-rain Records. In 2008, Nooten re-entered the music industry and started writing and composing again. He sang on Stoa's album Silmand and released a compilation on the Twilight label. In 2010, Nooten signed with Rocket Girl in the UK, releasing the 12 track CD called Here Is Why which showed his skill as a producer for other artists. Surround Us was produced completely using a MacBook Pro and Midi keyboard; no other instruments were used except for Lucas Stam’s improvisational cello, which adds texture to the tracks it is featured on. In 2013, Nooten released the double CD Haven again on Rocket Girl. He also performed during the 2014 World Press Photos awards and wrote a highly acclaimed Bach transcription for the NY based Red Hot organization. Tired of the restrictions of writing and releasing music only, Nooten set up La Compania Parpadeo with dancer and choreographer Miryam Chachmany in 2014, crossing borders between traditional flamenco music, electronic and neo-classical music, poetry, visual art and dance. Also in 2014, Nooten teamed up with long time friend Bert Barten and Real World producer/engineer/composer Stephen W Tayler, collaborating on an avant garde music project. In August 2017, Nooten announced a pledge music campaign to fund his next album, which was eventually released in November 2018 under the name 'Stem". Discography With Clan of Xymox Albums: Clan of Xymox (4AD, 1985) Medusa (4AD, 1986) Twist of Shadows (Wing Records, 1989) Phoenix (Wing Records, 1991) With Michael Brook Albums: Sleeps with the Fishes (4AD, 1987) With First Contact Singles/EPs: "I Call Upon" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1992) "Proze & Cons" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1993) "Into the Light" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1993) "Gotta Get Back (2 Love)" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1993) With Fingerprince Singles/EPs: Trancelucent (Hypercycle, 1993) Solo discography as Cyberia Singles/EPs: "Hanggliding" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1992) "Albatross" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1992) "Open Up" (Hypercycle/Virgin, 1993) "What Kids Do on a Rainy Day" (Third Mind Records, 1995) as Pieter Nooten Albums: Ourspace (I-Rain, 2006) Collected (Twilight Records, 2008) Here Is Why (Rocket Girl, 2010) Surround Us (Rocket Girl, 2012) Haven (Rocket Girl, 2013) Stem (Rocket Girl, 2018) Se Dire Au Revoir (Rocket Girl, 2019) References External links Facebook page Pieter Nooten website Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:Ambient musicians Category:Dutch electronic musicians Category:Dutch new wave musicians Category:People from Oss Category:Third Mind Records artists Category:Rocket Girl artists	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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