text
stringlengths 22
288k
| meta
dict |
|---|---|
Here I Stand (Usher album)
Here I Stand is the fifth studio album by American singer Usher, released on May 13, 2008 by LaFace Records. Inspired by love for his new wife—Tameka Foster—and son, Usher recorded many ballads for the album. Prior to the album's recording, Usher split with his mother, Jonnetta Patton, as manager and hired Benny Medina. Usher's estranged father died months before the release of Here I Stand; this also influenced themes of the album. It was originally to be titled "Measure of a Man", but Usher named it Here I Stand to mark "a new chapter in [his] life".
Usher promoted Here I Stand by performing on several television shows including Total Request Live, 106 & Park and Good Morning America. Among other concert appearances, he embarked on a One Night Stand: Ladies Only Tour, performing fifteen shows in November 2008. Six singles were released from Here I Stand: "Love in This Club", "Love in This Club Part II", "Moving Mountains", "What's Your Name", "Here I Stand" and "Trading Places". "Love in This Club", which features rapper Young Jeezy, topped the Billboard Hot 100 and New Zealand Singles Chart.
Here I Stand received generally positive reviews from music critics, who viewed it as a sign of growth and maturity from Usher, although others were unimpressed by the change in style from his 2004 album Confessions. It debuted atop the Billboard 200, and sold 433,000 copies in the US in its first week of release, and has since sold 1.3 million copies in that country. The album also reached number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, UK Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart.
Although it had sold two million copies by August 2008, Here I Stand was seen as a commercial failure relative to Confessions, which had sold fifteen million copies. Tyler Lewis of PopMatters put the album's limited success down to Usher's and Foster's marriage; he believed that Usher's fans disliked Foster.
Background
In 2004, Usher's fourth studio album, Confessions was released, becoming the most-shipped album in the United States. Before the album's release, he broke up with his girlfriend Chilli. In December 2005, he became romantically involved with stylist Tameka Foster; the two wed on August 3, 2007, although Usher's mother and manager, Jonnetta Patton, did not attend. Foster gave birth to Usher Raymond V later that year.
In May 2007, Usher split with Patton as his manager. This prompted "gossip" that Usher had "fired" her because of his growing relationship with Foster. He denied the claims, saying, "I love my mother ... I decided not to fire, not get rid of, but to give [my mother] the ultimate compliment—to retire her to be a full-time grandmother." He continued by stating that the split was a mutual decision. It was speculated that Patton's dismissal was due to his engagement with Foster; Usher dismissed these claims on Total Request Live (TRL) in May 2008. In what MTV News' Shawn Adler called an "angry tirade", Usher stated, "My wife had nothing to do with me firing my mother — nothing like that, that's trash. I hear y'all talking crazy out there. She's a beautiful black woman. Stop. Stop talking. And I love her. Stop it." The outbreak was compared to Mariah Carey's unannounced 2001 appearance on TRL, when she handed out popsicles to the show's audience and performed a "striptease", while some fans noted Usher's speech as evidence that Foster was being controlling of Usher. Usher hired Benny Medina as his new manager; Medina said of Usher, "The thing that excited me most is the intense commitment to his art, his incredible professionalism and the fact that I feel as though he's just hitting a stride."
In January 2008, Usher's father, Usher Raymond III, died. Both men regretted not spending more time in each other's lives. "Prayer for You", the seventh track on Here I Stand, is an interlude dedicated to Usher's son, reflective on his relationship with his own father; "No matter what happened, my father always prayed for me. The only difference is, I'm gonna be there to be the father that my dad wished he was to me." The first album name that artists and repertoire representative Mark Pitts conceived was "Measure of a Man", but that title had already been used by Clay Aiken for his debut album, so Usher called it Here I Stand. Pitts said, "It was perfect because becoming a man is about going through pain, sorrow, and happiness. Usher's done that! From the love songs to the party joints, it's exactly the story he wanted to tell." Usher noted Here I Stand as beginning "a new chapter in my life"; the album's liner notes contain a verse from 1 Corinthians 13: "When I was a child, I spoke as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things." Here I Stand marked Usher's growth from boyhood to manhood. In March 2007, it was announced that work on the album had begun. Usher outlined the album's concept: "A lot of what I plan to offer with this album is kinda standing in this spot ... The king's back. I ain't gonna say 'back,' I never left."
The Rich Harrison-produced track, titled "Dat Girl Right There", was leaked on November 11, 2007. The song charted on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at number 74, due to high airplay. Featuring Ludacris—with whom Usher collaborated on "Yeah!" in 2004—the song was originally thought to be the lead single from Here I Stand; however it was not included on the record. Other potential tracks cited before the album's release were "All the Time" (produced by T-Pain) and "The Realest" (produced by Jermaine Dupri), although neither was included on the album. Here I Stand contains eighteen tracks; James "JLack" Lackey, Polow da Don, Tricky Stewart, Jazze Pha, The-Dream, Los da Mystro, will.i.am, Dupri, Manuel Seal, LRoc, Dre & Vidal, Bryan-Michael Cox, Stargate, Ne-Yo, Danja, Soundz and J. R. Rotem all produced tunes on the album. On the iTunes Store deluxe edition, "Revolver" was included, which was produced by Alexander "Prettyboifresh" Parhm.
Composition
An R&B album, Josh Eells of Blender summed up much of the production of Here I Stand as "cocktail-lounge crunk, full of splashy cymbals, jazzy electric guitar and tinkly pianos". Many of its themes were inspired by Foster and Raymond V, resulting in a great number of ballads. Here I Stand opens with an "Intro" (titled "Forever Young" on some copies), while the lead single "Love in This Club" follows, on which Young Jeezy appears. The mid-tempo song features a shuddering synth beat and speaks of a lusting desire in a nightclub. "This Ain't Sex" is a disco-influenced song that "speaks of sex as a privileged act between two consenting adults". "Trading Places" uses guitar instrumentation to host role reversal in both sexual and non-sexual situations in a relationship. "Moving Mountains" is a ballad that draws on synth beats to relate a love struggle to an impossible task, such as moving mountains. The album's sixth track is "What's Your Name", an electro song which features new wave-influenced synths produced by will.i.am, who also contributes vocals to the song. The "Prayer for You" interlude follows, an ode to Usher's son in which Raymond V cries. Usher prays for his son to be "better than me".
"Something Special" is a pop ballad that begins acoustically, and was inspired by Robin Thicke and John Mayer because of its honesty. Usher discussed the song: "It's about the feeling when you're in real love. It could be about my son or my wife."
According to Usher "Love You Gently", a piano-based classic rhythm and blues ballad, is "the one [track] you throw on with your significant other when it's time to get to it. This is why my son's here. It's a baby-maker." Jay-Z appears on the horn-founded "Best Thing", which is about transition to manhood. Usher outlines lifestyle changes since his wife's arrival and turns away from his days as "a hustler and a player" in "Before I Met You", which makes use of guitar and heavy drums. He is suspected of infidelity and compared to his girlfriend's cheating ex-partner on "His Mistakes". The thirteenth track on Here I Stand is "Appetite", which utilizes flutes and has Usher tempted to cheat on his wife. "What's a Man to Do" opens with a Native American call, while "Lifetime" contains influences of 1990s R&B. "Love in This Club Part II" features vocals from Beyoncé Knowles and Lil Wayne and samples The Stylistics' "You Are Everything" (1971); its lyrical content is similar to that of Part I, and Wayne's voice is modified through the use of a vocoder. The album's soul and pop jazz-derived title track, "Here I Stand", drew comparisons to Stevie Wonder. With a theme of commitment, it was played at Usher's and Foster's wedding. Here I Stand closes with "Will Work for Love", although it was placed as a hidden track on some copies; Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine called it "cute".
Release
In November 2007, Usher hoped to release his fifth album, titled Here I Stand, but "issues in his personal life" delayed the album. According to reports, Usher has to spend more time with his then-pregnant wife. The expected November release date was booked to coincide with that of Usher's fragrance line. Released on May 13, 2008. The continually changing release dates became frustrating for Usher; Dupri said to Billboard, "The last couple [of] times I've been around [Usher], you could tell he's got the bug to hurry up and put this record out. He wants to get back out here and give the people that. He's got that itch." Here I Stand was first released by LaFace Records in Mexico and several European countries on May 13, 2008; releases in other countries followed.
Promotion
In 2008, Usher promoted Here I Stand by appearing at Radio 1's Big Weekend, where he performed "This Ain't Sex", "Moving Mountains", "What's Your Name", "Here I Stand" and "Love in This Club", as well as singles from his previous albums.
Usher performed "Love in This Club" with Young Jeezy on The Hills third season finale (May 12, 2008), and along with "This Ain't Sex" on Saturday Night Live (May 17, 2008), and again on the sixth season finale of Dancing with the Stars (May 20, 2008). Usher performed a one-off showcase concert for 1,500 fans at indigO2, London on May 22, 2008, for which the tickets were allocated by ballot. Usher signed copies of Here I Stand for the military during Fleet Week in New York City, aboard USS Kearsarge on May 27, 2008. On the day of the album's release, Usher appeared on television shows TRL and 106 & Park, and performed on Good Morning America on May 30, 2008. Usher performed "Love in This Club" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and Jimmy Kimmel Live!, on June 4, 2008. At the BET Awards, hosted on June 23, 2008, Usher opened the show, performing the single again. On September 4, 2008, Usher performed "Here I Stand", "Trading Places" and "What's Your Name" at the 2008's National Football League Kickoff game at Columbus Circle, New York City. Natasha Bedingfield and Keith Urban also sang before the game, which saw the Washington Redskins play the New York Giants.
Tour
The One Night Stand: Ladies Only''' is the third concert tour by American recording artist Usher. The tour promotes Raymond's fifth studio album, Here I Stand (2008).
Background
Usher toured fourteen cities in North America. Mainly targeting women, the tour commenced on November 2, 2008 and concluded on November 25, 2008. The tour's female-focused concept was inspired by other male recording artists who "did things special like this for their female fans", such as Teddy Pendergrass, Marvin Gaye and Prince. Enjoying the challenge of a female-only tour, Usher said, "There [are] only a few artists that can pull that off, I feel like I've had such a connection with my audience. This album, I felt like, was definitely the type of one that was more intimate. So what better way to get up close and personal than to make it all women?" Usher performed the tour with a Dsquared2 wardrobe. At each show, one fan was brought onstage "for an even more intimate experience with the singer". This took place during "Superstar"; a female fan was served champagne and strawberries by Usher while sitting on his lap as he sang to her. Among Usher's own songs, the setlist also included portions of Stevie Wonder's "Rocket Love", Gaye's "I Want You" and Prince's "Do Me, Baby". At the Detroit show he also gave T-Baby's "It's So Cold in the D". Usher was supported by a five-piece band, three backing vocalists and four backup dancers.
Setlist
The following setlist was obtained from the concert held on November 3, 2008, at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City, New York. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour.
"Intro"
"Love in This Club"
"Follow Me"
"U Remind Me"
"This Ain't Sex"
"That's What It's Made For"
"U Got It Bad"
"Trading Places"
"Do Me, Baby" / "Adore"
"Seduction"
"Nice & Slow"
"Dot Com"
"Rocket Love"
"Superstar"
"Bad Girl"
"You Make Me Wanna..."
"I Don't Know"
"I Want You"
"Confessions Part II"
"My Boo" / "Back in the Day" / "Think of You" / "I Need a Girl (Part One)" / "Can U Get Wit It" / "Lovers & Friends"
"Yeah!"
"Here I Stand"
Encore
"Caught Up"
Tour dates
Reception
Sun Media's Jason MacNeil rated the Toronto show three-and-a-half stars out of five, praising Usher's connection with the female audience. Lee Hildebrand of the San Francisco Chronicle commended Usher's live vocal ability.
Parimal M. Rohit from Buzzine stated in his positive review of the Los Angeles show that "everyone will be talking about the entertaining concert".
Singles
Five singles were released from Here I Stand. "Love in This Club" was leaked in early 2008 by its producer, Polow da Don, prior to its release on February 22, 2008. The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100, the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and the New Zealand Singles Chart, while reaching the top ten of numerous other record charts. It was certified platinum in the United States and New Zealand. A sequel was created, titled "Love in This Club Part II" with Beyoncé & Lil Wayne, and was sent to radio as the album's second single on April 28, 2008. While it did not have the commercial success of the original, it emerged on the Hot 100, the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, the Canadian Hot 100, and the ARIA Singles Chart, and received a gold certification from the RIAA.
"Moving Mountains" was released on May 23, 2008. It appeared on multiple singles charts outside the top twenty. However, it peaked at number six on the New Zealand Singles Chart, and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand on March 29, 2009. The fourth single to be released from Here I Stand was "What's Your Name"; it impacted radio on August 18, 2008. "What's Your Name" charted on the Canadian Hot 100 and the ARIA Singles Chart, where it peaked at numbers eighty-four and ninety-one, respectively. "Here I Stand" was released to urban adult contemporary radio on August 18, 2008, managing to peak at number 18 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The album's final single, "Trading Places", was released on October 17, 2008 and reached number forty-five on the Hot 100 and number four on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
Critical receptionHere I Stand received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received a score of 65 out of 100, based on fifteen reviews. Mark Edward Nero of About.com gave the album four out of five stars, and wrote that Usher's marriage had a positive effect on his music. He called Here I Stand "as good - if not better" than Confessions. IGN critic Chad Grischow wrote that "Growing up may have taken toll on Usher's personal life, but it has not altered the man's ability to create refreshing music"; Grischow rated the album 8.1 out of 10. USA Today praised the maturity of Usher's lyrics on Here I Stand, while The A.V. Club Joshua Alston commended the album's ballads. Although she disliked the album's length and lyrics, Entertainment Weekly Leah Greenblatt wrote that "a good portion of [Here I] Stand tunes deserve a place in the dance-floor pantheon", and awarded it a B+ grade. Andy Kellman from Allmusic scored the record three-and-a-half stars out of five and stated that "the album leaves no doubt that the R&B male crown ... should not change hands", referring to Usher's King of R&B honorific nickname. Richard Cromelin of the Los Angeles Times did not appreciate the numerous ballads on the release, but compared it to Usher's previous work and declared, "it's a more accomplished version of Confessions, the hooks more effortless, the singing even better, the songwriting more consistent." Jim DeRogatis from the Chicago Sun-Times viewed it as proof that Usher has claimed the 'King of R&B' title from R. Kelly.
However, Dan Gennoe of Yahoo! Music felt that the album lacked inspiration, and wrote, "nothing sticks, there's no guts, no depth and no matter how much he protests to the contrary, nothing to believe". Rolling Stone Melissa Maerz perceived that Usher had put little effort into the record and stated that "now that he's got the American Dream, he sounds like he's stopped trying." Blender Josh Eells was let down by the large number of ballads and lack of sexual content. Clover Hope of The Village Voice described it as "pure grown-man bidness" and "a little too sitting-on-the-dock-of-the-bay for Chris Breezy–trained earbuds". Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine scored Here I Stand two-and-a-half stars out of five, and considered the music "almost always just one notch above mediocrity." The Observer Steve Yates panned the album as "gloop [Usher] wades through". In his consumer guide for MSN Music, critic Robert Christgau cited the songs "Trading Places" and "Best Thing" as "choice cuts", indicating "good song[s] on an album that isn't worth your time or money". Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that "tension, not bliss, creates the album's best songs", referring to "Moving Mountains", "His Mistakes", "Appetite" and "What's a Man To Do". At the 51st Grammy Awards, the album's title track was nominated for the Best Male R&B Vocal Performance award, but lost to Ne-Yo's "Miss Independent" from his 2008 album, Year of the Gentleman.
Commercial performanceHere I Stand had unweighted first-day sales of 146,000 in the US, and in its first three days of release sold an unweighted 267,000 units.
The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. Selling 433,000 copies domestically in its first week of release, it was the second highest selling US debut of the year at the time, behind Mariah Carey's E=MC2. In its second week of release, it sold 145,000 copies and dropped to number three on the Billboard 200. As at May 2012 it had sold 1,308,000 copies in the United States, and it has received a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Here I Stand also debuted atop the Canadian Albums Chart, and spent eight weeks on the chart.
On the UK Albums Chart, Here I Stand debuted at number one on the chart of June 7, 2008, selling 56,897 copies. It was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), and lasted seventeen weeks in the chart before dropping out. The album peaked at number two on the Irish Albums Chart, remaining for fifteen weeks in the chart and was awarded a gold certification from the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA). In mainland Europe, the album was received well; it appeared at number three on the European Top 100 Albums, and reached the top ten in the Belgian Ultratop charts of both Flanders and Wallonia, as well as in the album charts of France, Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. In Oceania, Here I Stand attained a number-one position on the Australian Albums Chart and reached number five on the New Zealand Albums Chart. It received a gold certification from the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of 35,000 copies in the country.
Impact
Usher's publicist, Patti Webster, resigned on August 1, 2008. Usher rehired Patton as his manager on August 6, 2008 and "dissolved his management arrangement with Benny Medina". At the time of the split from Medina, Here I Stand had sold two million copies worldwide compared to Confessions' fifteen million copies; some speculated that the disunion was because of the poorer album sales. Medina said that he and the singer "parted ways amicably", and deflected comments that he was responsible for the lower album sales. He pointed out that Here I Stand and "Love in This Club" reached number one on the US charts, and that the music industry had changed since the release of Confessions. Due to the lower sales, Here I Stand was seen as a commercial failure. According to Tyler Lewis from PopMatters its failure was spurred by Usher's marriage to Foster: "his fanbase hated his wife".
Usher filed for divorce from Foster in June 2009, stating that their marriage was "irretrievably broken". "Papers", the first single from Usher's next album Raymond v. Raymond (2010), discussed the divorce process, although it was recorded before the couple split.
Track listing
Notes
"Love in This Club Part II" contains a portion of the composition "You Are Everything", written by Thomas Bell and Linda Creed.
signifies a co-producer.
signifies a vocal producer.
signifies an additional producer.
Personnel
Credits for Here I Stand'' adapted from Allmusic.
The Ambassadors – keyboards
Marcella "Ms. Lago" Araica – mixing
Chris Athens – mastering
Johntá Austin – vocal production
Tim Blacksmith – management
Adam Blackstone – music
B.M.C. – bass, strings, drums, keyboards, programming, editing
G. Preston Boebel – engineering
Kobie Brown – music clearance
Míguel Bustamante – mixing assistance
Candice Childress – production coordination
Brian Michael Cox – arrangement, production
Danny D – management
Vidal Davis – production, instrumentation
Vincent Dilorenzo – engineering, mixing
Dylan Dresdow – mixing
Assa Drori – violin
Jermaine Dupri – production, mixing
Mattias Eng – music clearance
Mikkel S. Eriksen – engineering, instrumentation, grand piano
Donald Ferrone – double bass
Brent Fischer – conductor, string arrangements
Clare Fischer – string arrangements
Armen Garabedian – principal
Brian Gately – production coordination
Serban Ghenea – mixing
Mark Gray – engineering assistant
Ryan Greene – engineering
Donato Guadagnoli – music clearance
John Hanes – digital editing
Kuk Harrell – production, engineering, vocal production
Andre Harris – production, instrumentation
Vahe Hayrikyan – cello
Karl Heilbron – guitar, engineering
Tor Erik Hermansen – instrumentation
Chris Hicks – author, management
Leticia Hilliard – artist coordination
Ray Holton – guitar
John Horesco IV – engineering
Josh Houghkirk – mixing assistance, assistance
Dave Hyman – engineering
Jay-Z – vocals
Jazze Pha – production
Padraic Kerin – engineering
Beyoncé Knowles – vocals
James Lackey – production
Lyah Beth LeFlore – liner notes
Lil Wayne – vocals
Espen Lind – guitar
Craig Love – guitar, production
Manny Marroquin – mixing
Derrick "Young World" McAlister – keyboards
Carlos "Los Da Mystro" McKinney – production
Benny Medina – author, management
Tadd Mingo – engineering assistance
Scott Naughton – engineering
Ne-Yo – production
Alec Newell – engineering
Greg Ogan – engineering
Carlos Oyanedel – mixing assistance
Anthony Palazzole – mixing assistance
Joe Peluso – engineering assistance, mixing assistance
Dave Pensado – mixing
Kazi Pitelka – viola
Mark Pitts – executive production, author, A&R
Christian Plata – mixing assistance
Polow da Don – production, instrumentation
Tameka Raymond – stylist
Usher – vocals, executive production
Geoff Rice – engineering assistance
Tim Roberts – Pro-Tools
J.R. Rotem – arrangement, production, instrumentation
Norman Jean Roy – photography
Brian Schunck – mixing assistance
Manuel Seal – guitar, production
Harry Shirinian – viola
Cory Shoemaker – engineering assistance
S.O.S. Horn Players – horn
Soundz – production
Brian Springer – engineering
Brian Stanley – engineering, mixing
Christopher "Tricky" Stewart – production
Phil Tan – mixing
Tony Terrebonne – engineering
Sam Thomas – engineering
Pat Thrall – engineering
Andrew Weupper – mixing assistance
will.i.am – synthesizer, production, engineering, Fender Rhodes, drum programming, vocals
Corey Williams – engineering
Andrew Wuepper – mixing assistance
Young Jeezy – vocals
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Release history
See also
List of number-one albums of 2008 (Australia)
List of number-one albums of 2008 (Canada)
List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2000s
List of number-one albums of 2008 (U.S.)
List of number-one R&B albums of 2008 (U.S.)
References
Category:2008 albums
Category:Albums produced by Bryan-Michael Cox
Category:Albums produced by Danja (record producer)
Category:Albums produced by Dre & Vidal
Category:Albums produced by J.R. Rotem
Category:Albums produced by Jazze Pha
Category:Albums produced by Jermaine Dupri
Category:Albums produced by Polow da Don
Category:Albums produced by Stargate
Category:Albums produced by Ne-Yo
Category:Albums produced by Tricky Stewart
Category:Albums produced by will.i.am
Category:LaFace Records albums
Category:Usher (musician) albums
Category:Albums produced by Kuk Harrell | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hochburg
The Hochburg ("high castle") is a castle ruin situated between the city of Emmendingen and the village of Sexau in the region of Baden, located in the southwest of Germany. It was presumably built in the 11th century and was originally known as castle Hachberg. The line of nobles known as the Margraves of Baden-Hachberg most likely derive their name from this castle and before it was razed by the French it was the second largest fortification in Baden.
The Name
Historians are uncertain about where the name Hachberg comes from. One theory is that an estate in the region was given to a man referred to as Hacho who was a part of Charlemagnes retinue. This hypothesis is also supported by an engraved plaque added to the castle by Karl II and a document dating back to 1161 mentions it as Castro Hahberc. In any case, whoever the true builder of the castle is most likely chose its name for their lineage, resulting in the family sidebranch of the house of Baden known as Baden-Hachberg.
The first mention of a transition from Hachberg to Hochberg can be found in French sources concerned with members of the lineage of Hachberg-Sausenberg, who were the counts of Neuenburg as well.
The name Hochberg sees its German revival as late as 1787, when Margrave Karl Friedrich, as second husband, married Luise Karoline Freiin Geyer von Geyersberg and made her the Imperial Countess of Hochberg.
History
The Lords of Hachberg
Dietrich von Emmendingen (who later called himself von Hachberg) most likely founded the castle to harvest the forests surrounding it for lumber. Its first mention dates back to a document from 1127. The further development of later property documents suggests that Erkenbold von Hachberg, the last of his name, gave his holdings to the Zähringer to finance his participation in the crusades (1147–1149).
The Margraves of Baden 1161-1212
A document on the talks about the founding of the monastery Tennenbach from 1161 implies that Hermann IV von Baden was the reigning lord of castle Hachberg at the time. When his sons Hermann V and Henrich I divided the margraviate among each other in 1212 the castle became the centre of power for the margraves of Baden-Hachberg.
The Margraves of Baden-Hachberg 1212-1415
Margrave Bernhard I of the main family of Baden acquired the castle from the highly indebted Margrave Otto II von Baden-Hachberg.
The Margraves of Baden 1415-1535
The castle survived the war of the Oberrheinischer Städtebund versus Bernhard I in 1424 and even withstood siege during the German Peasant's War in 1525.
The Margraves of Baden-Durlach 1535-1771
Karl II greatly enhanced the castle's defences in 1553 and turned it into a more modern, renaissance style fortification.
Margrave Georg Friedrich added 7 bastions around the castle's perimeter and gave some the names of Hachbergs sister castles in Baden all of which laid in the realm of Margraves of Baden-Durlach. (Bastion Rötteln; Bastion Sausenberg; Bastion Badenweiler)
The castle was besieged for two years during the Thirty Years' War in 1634 and was slighted for the first time after surrendering to the attackers. However, in 1660 Margrave Friedrich VI induced the reconstruction of the castle.
Demolition
In 1681 the defences were destroyed voluntarily by the French after they had taken many of the holdings in Baden through the Treaty of peace of Nijmegen and a manned castle Hachberg could have posed a sizable threat to their new territory. Only three years later peasants caused a fire which destroyed the remaining living quarters. And in 1688 French troops destroyed what little remained of the fortification, turning it into a ruin.
Preservation of the ruin
The first steps at preserving the ruin were taken towards the end of the 19th century and still persist to this day. Work was only temporarily halted during the two world wars. The Society for the conservation of the Hochburg has been taking care of the ruin on voluntary work since 1971 and in 2007 they bought the tenancy of the castle.
Today
The Hochburg can be visited by anyone free of charge. It is part of the program for the state preservation of castles and gardens in Baden-Württemberg and in 1991 a small museum was added in the cellar. The castle has been depicted in several paintings and has many mythical tales surrounding it, speaking of hidden treasure and restless knights, waiting to return.
Literature
Alfons Zettler, Thomas Zotz: Die Burgen im mittelalterlichen Breisgau. Halbband 1. A - K. Nördlicher Teil. In: Archäologie und Geschichte. Freiburger Forschungen zum ersten Jahrtausend in Südwestdeutschland, Band 14. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2003, , S. 122-133.
Rolf Brinkmann: Burgruine Hochburg - von der Rodungsburg zur Festung, Selbstverlag 2001,
Rolf Brinkmann: Die Hochburg bei Emmendingen, Deutscher Kunstverlag München Berlin 2007,
Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz: Das Hochburger Schloss, in: Gesammelte Schriften herausgegeben von Ludwig Tieck, Dritter Band, S. 192-199, Berlin 1828 online im Internet Archive (PDF; 18,6 MB)
Heinrich Maurer: Der Brand des Schlosses Hochberg 1684. In: Schau-ins-Land, Band 15, 1889, S. 81-86 online bei UB Freiburg
External links
English information about Hochburg Castle on the Homepage of the state heritage agency Staatliche Schlösser und Gärten
Society for the conservation of the Hochburg
Burgen im Breisgau
Die Hochburg auf einer Architektur-Website
Bild der Hochburg im: Bildarchiv Foto Marburg – Bildindex der Kunst und Architektur
Musikvideo zur Hochburg von Rudolf Holgerson
Die Hochburg auf Schlösser und Burgen in Baden-Württemberg
Hochburg Pictures
Category:Castles in Baden-Württemberg
Category:Ruined castles in Germany | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Michel Humberto López
Michel Humberto López Elenes (born September 29, 1993 in Mexicali, Baja California) is a professional Mexican footballer who currently plays for Murciélagos F.C.
References
Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:Footballers from Baja California
Category:Mexican footballers
Category:Association football forwards | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of Ravn Alaska destinations
Ravn Alaska operates scheduled passenger service to the following destinations ():
Former destinations
Allakaket (AET / PFAL) – Allakaket Airport
Anaktuvuk Pass (AKP / PAKP) – Anaktuvuk Pass Airport
References
Category:Lists of airline destinations | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Booie, Queensland
Booie is a rural locality on the boundary of Kingaroy and Nanango in the South Burnett Region, Queensland, Australia.
History
The name Booie derives from the name of a pastoral run, which is believed to be a Wakawaka language word meaning carpet snake.
Land in Booie was open for selection on 17 April 1877; were available.
A provisional school had been established by 1893. In 1905, a new Booie State School was erected. Booie State School closed in 1963.
In the 2011 census, the population was 912 people.
Booie Monster
In June 1954, Booie hit the news after local boys claimed to have seen a two-legged monster in a cave. Despite searching by experienced bushman, the monster was not found and it was speculated that the boys had seen a large kangaroo.
References
External links
Category:South Burnett Region
Category:Localities in Queensland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sherm Chavoor
Sherm Chavoor (1919 – September 3, 1992) was a swimming coach from the United States. He notably coached Olympic swimmers Mark Spitz, Debbie Meyer and Mike Burton, among others at Arden Hills Swimming and Tennis Club, in Carmichael, California, which he founded in 1954. Chavoor coached at the Sacramento YMCA prior to starting Arden Hills.
He was named Coach of the Year by the American Swimming Coaches Association in 1968. He was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1977. He was a coach for the USA's Olympic Swimming teams in 1968 and 1972.
References
Category:American swimming coaches
Category:1992 deaths
Category:1919 births | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Cryphia sarepta
Cryphia sarepta is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae (the owlet moths). It was first described by William Barnes in 1907 and it is found in North America.
The MONA or Hodges number for Cryphia sarepta is 9295.
References
Further reading
Category:Cryphia
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Moths described in 1907 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
KVSM
KVSM (1380 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Santa Maria, California, United States and broadcasting to the Santa Maria area. The station is owned by Cristian Martinez and airs a regional Mexican music format. KVSM is rebroadcast on FM translator K271BV in Orcutt on 102.1 MHz.
History
The station was assigned the KVSM call letters on July 24, 2013.
In August 2017, Ether Mining Group sold KVSM to Cristian Martinez for $300,000 plus a time brokerage arrangement; this transaction also included usage rights to FM translator K271BV in Orcutt, owned by Edgewater Broadcasting. The sale closed in December that same year.
References
External links
VSM
Category:Radio stations established in 2017
Category:2017 establishments in California
VSM | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Heroic Age (journal)
The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe is a peer-reviewed academic journal founded in 1998, with first issue having been published during spring/summer 1999. The founder and the first editor-in-chief of the journal was Michelle Ziegler.
The title of the journal, The Heroic Age, refers to the early medieval period, though there is certain variation in the definition of the period in focus: it is (or has been, in previous versions of their website, calls for papers, and other sources) defined as stretching "from the early 4th through 13th centuries", "from the beginning of the fourth century through the beginning of the thirteenth", "from the late fourth through eleventh centuries", "from 400-1100 AD", "approximately [...] between 300 and 1200 CE", and "from the late Roman empire to the advent of the Norman empire". This variation is (partly, at least) accounted for in the Letter from the Editor in Issue 10 (May 2007) as related to changes in the editorial board of the journal: "[...] our Editorial Board experienced a few changes. While some members retired, we also added several new members [...] With these changes in board composition, our attentions necessarily shifted: four of the five new members do significant work on the continent. To address this, our new Mission Statement increases the time period we consider from 400-1100 to 300-1200. Likewise, there is an accompanying shift in geography. Our new Mission Statement addresses all of Northwestern Europe evenly rather than stressing the British Isles."
Publications in The Heroic Age cover all aspects of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe. The journal seeks, according to their own homepage, "to foster dialogue between all scholars of this period across ethnic and disciplinary boundaries, including—but not limited to—history, archaeology, and literature pertaining to the period".
The Heroic Age started as a biannual journal: it had a spring/summer and a fall/winter issue in 1999 and in 2000. Two issues were published also in 2010, the first one in August and the second in November. However, the frequency of published issues decreased in the new millennium. No issues of the journal were published in 2002, 2011, 2013, and 2014. Otherwise (that is, in 2001, 2003–2009, 2012, and 2015), one issue per year was published. Larry Swain wrote that the original idea was that The Heroic Age should appear quarterly. Intentions to publish two yearly issues have also been expressed, both in the initial stage, and later.
Regular features include full-length research articles, editions and translations of primary sources, biographical essays, a forum on modern theory and scholarship, a review of relevant web-sites ("Electronic Medievalia"), reviews of scholarship originally published in German, Dutch, and French (a column called "Continental Business"), as well as book reviews (including reviews of scholarly monographs and fiction based on the Middle Ages), and film and television reviews.
In 2010, the journal published a cluster of essays in tandem with postmedieval: a journal of cultural medieval studies.
The website of the journal has also a links page.
The editors-in-chief are currently L. J. Swain (Bemidji State University) and Deanna Forsman (North Hennepin Community College).
The journal is included databases and bibliographies including the MLA Directory of Periodicals and International Bibliography, EBSCO's Electronic Journal Service, the History of Science Society, and others.
References
External links
Category:History journals
Category:Publications established in 1999
Category:Medieval studies literature
Category:English-language journals
Category:Irregular journals | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Fort Chadbourne
Fort Chadbourne was a fort established by the United States Army on October 28, 1852, in what is now Coke County, Texas, to protect the western frontier and the Butterfield Overland Mail route. It was named after Lt. T.L. Chadbourne, who was killed in the Battle of Resaca de la Palma. It was manned by Companies A and K of the 8th U.S. Infantry. During the early days of the American Civil War, the fort surrendered to the Confederates on February 28, 1861, even before the Confederate shelling of Fort Sumter, South Carolina, but was reoccupied by federal troops from 1865 to 1867.
Other forts in the frontier fort system were Forts Griffin, Concho, Belknap, Richardson, Stockton, Davis, Bliss, Mason, McKavett, Clark, McIntosh, Inge, and Phantom Hill in Texas, and Fort Sill in Oklahoma. "Sub posts or intermediate stations" also were used, including Bothwick's Station on Salt Creek between Fort Richardson and Fort Belknap, Camp Wichita near Buffalo Springs between Fort Richardson and Red River Station, and Mountain Pass between Fort Concho and Fort Griffin.
Major Neighbors
Robert Neighbors met with the southern band of Comanches and their chiefs Sanaco, Buffalo Hump, Ketsume, and Yellow Wolf near the fort over 10 days starting on 24 August 1853. "All topics of interest to the Comanches were discussed".
Neighbors communicated with Seth Eastman, while Seth was a captain at the fort in 1856 and was responsible for the Brazos Indian Reservation, about Comanche depredations in the area.
Preservation
Fort Chadbourne, a Texas state historical site, was also added in 1973 to the National Register of Historic Places (#73001962).
The small community of Fort Chadbourne, Texas, is located a few miles to the southwest of the original fort.
Fort Chadbourne has received $1 million to build a visitor's center in memory of Roberta Cole Johnson of Brenham, Texas, by the executors of her estate, Charles and Joy Blake. The Blakes are members of the Concho Valley Archaeological Society in San Angelo. They also matched another $125,000-allocation to restore the Butterfield stage stop.
On September 20, 2009, Garland H. Richards, current owner of the Chadbourne Ranch, which covers parts of Coke, Runnels, Taylor, and Nolan Counties, was presented with the prestigious Harry Holt Award because of Richards' assistance to the West Texas Rehabilitation Center in Abilene. Richards presided over the annual "Round-Up for Rehab Supper" fund-raiser held at Fort Chadbourne. The award was presented by Woody Gilliland, chief executive officer of the rehab center. It honors those in the agricultural community who support the mission of the center, which serves adults and children regardless of financial circumstance.
Texas State Senator Grady Hazlewood, father of the farm-to-market road program, was born at Old Fort Chadbourne in 1902.
See also
Texas Forts Trail
Forts of Texas
References
External links
Fort Chadbourne
Official Web Site
Category:Historic districts in Texas
Category:Buildings and structures in Coke County, Texas
Chadbourne
Category:Butterfield Overland Mail in Texas
Chadbourne
Category:Texas in the American Civil War
Chadbourne
Category:1852 establishments in Texas
Category:Museums in Coke County, Texas
Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Coke County, Texas
Category:Stagecoach stops in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Carrodano
Carrodano (, locally ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of La Spezia in the Italian region Liguria, located about southeast of Genoa and about northwest of La Spezia. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 532 and an area of .
Carrodano borders the following municipalities: Borghetto di Vara, Carro, Deiva Marina, Framura, Levanto, Sesta Godano.
Demographic evolution
References
Category:Cities and towns in Liguria | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Robtown, Ohio
Robtown is an unincorporated community in Pickaway County, in the U.S. state of Ohio. The area is located approximately five miles west of South Bloomfield, Ohio and three miles northeast of Darbyville, Ohio, on the banks of Grave Run, a tributary of the Scioto River, and at the crossroads of Ohio State Route 316 and Turney Caldwell Road.
History
In 1822, Michael Robison moved his family from Pike County, Ohio, to southern Scioto Township where he bought 250 acres and raised 15 children. He died in 1851 and five of his children, Sarah Hall, Matilda Hott, Almira Hott, Ann Hoover, and Issac Robison continued living in what they named Robtown. The Hott Family moved into the main farm house located on Route 316. A post office called Robtown was established on May 16, 1864, before being closed on January 25, 1871, and being reestablished on July 14, 1900, and remained in operation until January 31, 1902. Besides the post office, Robtown had two country stores and the Hott Family Cemetery.
Places of Interest
Hott Farm
The Hott Farm is located on Ohio Route 316. The farm currently consists of a brick farmhouse and two barns.
George Hott Farm Cemetery
As part of the Hott Farm, a family cemetery was established off of Messmore Road. The cemetery has six identifiable markers. In 2019, the cemetery was brought out of disrepair and the first burial in 144 years took place.
Elizabeth Robison (d. 1849)
Annie Robison (d. 1849)
Zachariah McLain (d. 1855)
Issac Robison (d. 1875)
unknown
unknown
Johann "John" Hartig (d. 2019)
Scioto Chapel
The church was organized in the community around 1843 by the United Brethren In Christ (E.U.B.) in a log school house. In 1875, a frame structure was constructed and the church was renamed Scioto Chapel. In 1968, the E.U.B. merged with the Methodist Church to form the United Methodist Church. The church is now called Scioto Chapel United Methodist Church, which has a reported congregation of 30 people.
References
Category:Unincorporated communities in Pickaway County, Ohio
Category:Unincorporated communities in Ohio | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jessica Olérs
Jessica Patricia Marie Olérs, born in 1978 in Borlänge, Sweden, to a Swedish father and a Colombian mother. Jessica is a former Miss Sweden and her country's representative at the Miss Universe 1998 pageant. She has studied marketing in Stockholm and New York City. Nowadays she is employed as marketing assistant at a gym in Stockholm, Sweden.
References
Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Miss Sweden winners
Category:Miss Universe 1998 contestants
Category:Swedish beauty pageant winners
Category:Swedish people of Colombian descent | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
SS Magdapur
SS Magdapur was a cargo ship mined and sunk off Thorpeness, Suffolk, by a Nazi German submarine in the Second World War.
The SS Magdapur sailed for the Brocklebank Line.
On 10 September 1939, one week after the declaration of war, she was underway in ballast from Tyne to Southampton, her master was Arthur Dixon. On that day she struck a mine laid by the . She sank at 17:25. Six people died as a result of the attack, but 75 people were rescued from the sea by the Aldeburgh lifeboat Abdy Beauclerk. Her crew included lascars.
References
Category:1920 ships
Category:Maritime incidents in September 1939
Category:Ships built on the River Clyde
Category:Conflicts in 1939
Category:Ships of Scotland
Category:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
Category:British Indian history
Category:World War II shipwrecks in the North Sea
Category:Cargo ships
Category:Ships sunk by mines
Category:Shipwrecks of England
Category:History of Suffolk
Category:Disasters in Suffolk
Category:1939 in the United Kingdom
Category:20th century in Suffolk | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rangapur Sahitya Parisad
Rangapur Sahitya Parisad was a Bengali literary society founded in the early 20th century.
History
Rangapur Sahitya Parisad was founded in April 1905 in Rangpur district. It was founded by Zaminders Mrityunjoy Raichoudhury and Surendra Chandra Raichoudhury. They were members of the Vangiya Sahitya Parishad. Its members included Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandy, Maharaja Rajendra Narayan, Maharaja Jitendra Narayan, Maharaja Jagadindra Nath Roy, and Prince Sarat Kumar Rai. The first President was Raja Mahima Ranjan Raichoudhury. The first secretary was Surendra Chandra Raichoudhury who was succeeded by his son, Soumendra Kumar Raichoudhury. The society published a quarterly journal called the Rabgapur Sahitya Parisad Patrika, the first issue came out in October 1906. The society has a museum that contains rare artifacts from Bengal, Assam, and Tibet. The association was closed in 1950 when the Zamindari system was abolished by the Government of Pakistan. The copies of the journal were destroyed in 1971 in the Bangladesh Liberation war.
Uttar Banga Sahitya Sammilani
The Uttar Banga Sahitya Sammilani was a regional branch of Rangapur Sahitya Parisad based in North Bengal and Assam. The first President of the society was Justice Ashutosh Chowdhury. The organisation stopped functioning in 1913.
References
Category:1905 establishments in India
Category:Organisations based in Rangpur
Category:Literary societies | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of congenital disorders
List of congenital disorders
Numerical
5p syndrome - see Cri du chat syndrome
A
Albinism
Amelia and hemimelia
Amniotic band syndrome
Anencephaly
Angelman syndrome
Aposthia
Arnold–Chiari malformation
B
Bannayan–Zonana syndrome
Bardet–Biedl syndrome
Barth syndrome
Basal-cell nevus syndrome
Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome
Benjamin syndrome
Bladder exstrophy
Bloom syndrome
C
Cat eye syndrome
Caudal regression syndrome
Sotos syndrome Cerebral Gigantism
CHARGE syndrome
Chromosome 16 abnormalities
Chromosome 18 abnormalities
Chromosome 20 abnormalities
Chromosome 22 abnormalities
Cleft lip/palate
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Club foot
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG)
Congenital hyperinsulinism
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA)
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)
Conjoined twins
Costello syndrome
Craniopagus parasiticus
Cri du chat syndrome
Cyclopia
Cystic fibrosis
D
De Lange syndrome
Diphallia
Distal trisomy 10q
Down syndrome
E
Ectodermal dysplasia
Ectopia cordis
Ectrodactyly
Encephalocele
F
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Fetofetal transfusion
First arch syndrome
Freeman–Sheldon syndrome
G
Gastroschisis
Goldenhar syndrome
H
Harlequin-type ichthyosis
Heart disorders (Congenital heart defects)
Hemifacial microsomia
Holoprosencephaly
Huntington's disease
Hirschsprung's disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon
Hypoglossia
Hypomelanism or hypomelanosis (albinism)
Hypospadias
Haemophilia
Heterochromia
Hemochromatosis
I
Imperforate anus
Incontinentia pigmenti
Intestinal neuronal dysplasia
Ivemark syndrome
J
Jacobsen syndrome
K
Katz syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Kabuki syndrome
L
Larsen syndrome
Laurence–Moon syndrome
Lissencephaly
M
Marfan syndrome
Microcephaly
Microtia
Monosomy 9p
Myasthenic syndrome
Myelokathexis
N
Nager's Syndrome
Nail–patella syndrome
Neonatal jaundice
Neurofibromatosis
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Noonan syndrome
Nystagmus
O
Ochoa syndrome
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome
P
Pallister–Killian syndrome
Pectus excavatum
Pectus carinatum
Pierre Robin syndrome
Poland syndrome
Polydactyly
Prader–Willi syndrome
Proteus syndrome
Prune belly syndrome
R
Radial aplasia
Rett syndrome
Robinow syndrome
Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome
S
Saethre–Chotzen syndrome
Schizencephaly
Sirenomelia
Situs inversus
Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome
Smith–Magenis syndrome
Spina bifida
Strabismus
Sturge–Weber syndrome
Syphilis, congenital
T
Teratoma
Treacher Collins syndrome
Trichothiodystrophy
Triple-X syndrome
Trisomy 13
Trisomy 9
Turner syndrome
U
Umbilical hernia
Usher syndrome
W
Waardenburg syndrome
Werner syndrome
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
See also
ICD-10 Chapter Q: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities
List of ICD-9 codes 740–759: congenital anomalies
Rare disease
* | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Sancey-le-Long
Sancey-le-Long is a former commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune Sancey.
Geography
The commune lies east of Besançon near the Swiss border.
Population
See also
Sancey-le-Grand
Communes of the Doubs department
References
INSEE
External links
Sancey-le-Long on the regional Web site
Category:Former communes of Doubs | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Canvey Island Independent Party
The Canvey Island Independent Party (CIIP) is a local political party active on Canvey Island, in Essex, England. It was established in 2004 to campaign for a separate district council for Canvey Island.
Background
Canvey Island became a single civil parish in 1881, replacing 17 former divisions that had existed in broadly the same form since the Norman era. In 1926, the parish was converted to the Canvey Island Urban District, which governed the island as a distinct entity. The Urban District was dissolved along with the mainland Benfleet Urban District in the Local Government Act 1972 to form the local government district and borough of Castle Point, ending Canvey Island's existence as a separate entity in local government.
The Canvey Island Independents were established in 2004 to campaign for a return to Canvey Island's autonomy, which had been abolished 32 years previously. They argued that the current local government arrangements - which saw more councillors elected to the Borough Council from the mainland - were unfair to the residents of Canvey Island. They also campaigned for more power to be devolved to Canvey Island Town Council, a parish council subordinate to Castle Point which is responsible for limited services and facilities and on the island.
Election Results
Since its formation the Canvey Island Independent Party has contested elections on a yearly basis, with representation at Borough and County council level. It is also active at the parish level, with Canvey Island Independents sitting on Canvey Island Town Council. The party does not contest Parliamentary elections.
Borough Council elections
The Canvey Island Independents have been represented continuously on Castle Point Borough Council since their first election in 2004. They have consistently been the second largest group on the council, behind the ruling Conservatives.
County Council elections
The Canvey Island Independents have been represented on Essex County Council since the 2009 election, having failed to secure either seat on Canvey Island at the elections in 2005. They won both Canvey Island seats at the 2017 election.
References
External links
Canvey Island Independent Party
Category:Locally based political parties in England | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2015 Raleigh mayoral election
The biennial election for the Mayor of Raleigh, North Carolina was held on Tuesday, Oct. 6, 2015. The election was nonpartisan. Incumbent Mayor Nancy McFarlane won a third term in office.
Candidates
Nancy McFarlane, Mayor since 2011, former City Council member
Dr. Robert "Bob" Weltzin, chiropractor and candidate for Mayor in 2013
Results
Notes
External links
Wake County Board of Elections
2015
Raleigh
Category:2015 North Carolina elections | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health
The Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health is an independent public charity, devoted exclusively to elevating the priority of children's health and increasing the quality and accessibility of children's health care through leadership and direct investment. The foundation, established in 1996, evolved from Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford University. The foundation is named for noted philanthropist Lucile Salter Packard, who had a lifelong devotion to the health and well-being of children.
Programs
The foundation is the primary fundraiser for Lucile Packard Children's Hospital; it also works to improve the system of care of children with special health care needs, and it disseminates information to raise awareness and promote action regarding key children's health issues.
Fundraising
Since 1997, the foundation has raised funds to ensure that Lucile Packard Children's Hospital and the pediatric programs at Stanford University School of Medicine are able to provide the finest, family-centered care to children; train the next generation of pediatric medical leaders; and conduct research into treatments and cures for diseases that affect children throughout the world. Growth in community support over the last decade has helped transform Packard Children's into one of the nation's top children's hospitals, and has sustained its commitment to care for any child in the community, including those without health insurance. To support Packard Children's Hospital, please visit www.supportLPCH.org.
Grantmaking
The foundation's grantmaking program aims to promote an improved system of care for children with special health care needs and their families.
Information
The foundation's kidsdata.org website provides information about the health and well-being of children. * Kidsdata.org provides facts about children ages 0–18 in the state of California. Data encompass all aspects of children's health, from asthma and alcohol consumption to weight and reading proficiency levels. Kidsdata has been nominated for a Webby award twice.
In the news
The foundation's president and CEO is David Alexander, M.D.
Lucile Packard
Lucile Packard (1914–1987) and her husband, David (1912–1996), co-founder of Hewlett Packard Company, were dedicated to children and were the driving force behind the development of Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. There are several distinct organizations that bear Lucile Packard's name. Among them are The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Lucile Packard Foundation for Children's Health, and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. Because of their similar names, the organizations can be confused with each other, and they often work closely together to help improve the health of children.
See also
Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
Stanford University Medical Center
The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
External links
The Lucile Packard Foundation for Children’s Health
LPFCH Fundraising
Kidsdata
Newsletters
Category:Medical and health foundations in the United States
Category:Medical and health organizations based in California
Category:Health charities in the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Newstead, Queensland
Newstead is an inner northern riverside suburb of the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is situated north of the Brisbane central business district.
Geography
The north-west portion of the suburb, centred on Breakfast Creek Road, is predominantly commercial, with the remainder of the suburb now mainly residential.
At the last census, over 67% of the households in Newstead consisted of couples without children and a further 20% were single person households. Over 82% of dwellings in the area are units and 15% are stand-alone houses. Newstead is known for trendy cafes and restaurants, upmarket studio apartments and renovated older homes with well-established gardens. It is one of the more expensive suburbs in which to purchase a property in Brisbane, with the mean unit price for the 2006 calendar year reaching $1,400,000.
History
The suburb's present role as an up-market residential suburb belies its industrial past. Timber yards, asbestos works, wharves and woolstores once dominated the eastern side of the suburb. The tall iron structure of the No. 2 gasholder on Skyring Terrace is a remnant of the Newstead Gasworks, which was established in 1887 as Brisbane's second gas works. The structure, however, was originally located at the Petrie Bight gasworks, where it was erected in 1873.
The suburb was served by first horse drawn trams from 1885. From 1897 electric trams ran along Commercial Road (until December 1962) and along Ann and Wickham Streets until April 1969. Light Street tram and bus depot was located in the suburb. It opened as a tram depot in 1885, saw its last trams in December 1968 and finally closed as a bus depot in the mid 1990s, making it one of Queensland's longest continually operating industrial sites. All traces of the depot and its heritage have been obliterated and the site redeveloped, although a remnant of its trackwork - a unique three way set of points - has been preserved at the Brisbane Tramway Museum.
Heritage listings
Newstead has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:
199 Breakfast Creek Road: Newstead House
Demographics
In the 2011 census, Newstead had a population of 836 people; 49.8% female and 50.2% male.
The median age of the Newstead population was 36 years of age, 1 year below the Australian median. Children aged under 15 years made up 4.2% of the population and people aged 65 years and over made up 16.5% of the population.
67.8% of people living in Newstead were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%. The other top responses for country of birth were England 4.4%, New Zealand 3.8%, United States of America 1.9%, South Africa 1.3%, Saudi Arabia 1.1%.
81.6% of people spoke only English at home; the next most popular languages were 1.4% Cantonese, 1.4% Arabic, 0.8% Persian (excluding Dari), 0.8% Italian, 0.8% Spanish.
The most common responses for religion in Newstead were No Religion 27.9%, Catholic 25.4%, Anglican 18.4%, Uniting Church 6.6%, and Presbyterian and Reformed 3.1%.
Transport
Brisbane Transport continues to serve the suburb by bus. A cross river ferry, also operated by Brisbane Transport, links the suburb to Bulimba. The suburb is also linked to the city by "City Cat" catamaran ferry service.
The suburb was also served by a Queensland railways train line, which branched off the main north coast line at Bowen Hills and descended towards the river and Breakfast Creek Road, crossing it to reach the industry, wool stores and wharves along the river. The line closed on March 31, 1990. Some remnants of the rail line have been preserved in the wool stores precinct.
Newstead House
Pride of the suburb is Newstead House, Brisbane’s oldest existing home, built for pioneer Darling Downs squatter Patrick Leslie in 1846. It is set in superb grounds overlooking the mouth of the creek and is within easy walking distance of the famed Breakfast Creek Hotel - a flamboyant Victorian structure which has been described as 'the very soul of Brisbane'. Newstead House’s glory days came during the time of the residence of Captain John Clements Wickham, the official resident and magistrate of the Moreton Bay settlement and a noted and gracious host. Wickham had previously been Commander of , made famous by its association with Charles Darwin.
See also
Teneriffe, Queensland
References
External links
University of Queensland: Queensland Places:Newstead
Apartment information for Newstead
Category:Suburbs of Brisbane | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
János Antal
János Antal (born 7 October 1888, date of death unknown) was a Hungarian middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 800 metres at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
References
Category:1888 births
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Category:Hungarian male middle-distance runners
Category:Olympic athletes of Hungary
Category:Place of birth missing | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death
The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death are a series of nineteen (twenty were originally constructed) intricately designed dollhouse-style dioramas created by Frances Glessner Lee (1878–1962), a pioneer in forensic science. Glessner Lee used her inheritance to establish a department of legal medicine at Harvard Medical School in 1936, and donated the first of the Nutshell Studies in 1946 for use in lectures on the subject of crime scene investigation. In 1966, the department was dissolved, and the dioramas went to the Maryland Medical Examiner's Office in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. where they are on permanent loan and still used for forensic seminars.
The dioramas are detailed representations of death scenes that are composites of actual court cases, created by Glessner Lee on a 1-inch to 1 foot (1:12) scale. Each model cost about to create. She attended autopsies to ensure accuracy, and her attention to detail extended to having a wall calendar include the pages after the month of the incident, constructing openable windows, and wearing out-of-date clothing to obtain realistically worn fabric. The dioramas show tawdry and, in many cases, disheveled living spaces very different from Glessner Lee's own background. The dead include prostitutes and victims of domestic violence.
Glessner Lee called them the Nutshell Studies because the purpose of a forensic investigation is said to be to "convict the guilty, clear the innocent, and find the truth in a nutshell." Students were instructed to study the scenes methodically—Glessner Lee suggested moving the eyes in a clockwise spiral—and draw conclusions from the visual evidence. At conferences hosted by Glessner Lee, prominent crime-scene investigators were given 90 minutes to study each diorama.
__NOTOC__
Alphabetical list of dioramas
Attic (24 December 1946)
Barn (15 July 1939)
Blue Bedroom (3 November 1943)
Burned Cabin (15 August 1943)
Dark Bathroom (November 1896)
Garage (7 January 1946)
Kitchen (12 April 1944)
Living Room (22 May 1941)
Log Cabin (22 October 1942)
Parsonage Parlor (23 August 1946)
Pink Bathroom (31 March 1942)
Red Bedroom (29 June 1944)
Saloon & Jail (12 November 1944)
Sitting Room & Woodshed (25 October 1947)
Striped Bedroom (29 April 1940)
Three-Room Dwelling (1 November 1937)
Two-Story Porch (5 April 1948)
Unpapered Bedroom (4 June 1949)
Woodman's Shack (8 February 1945)
Exhibition
A complete set of the dioramas was exhibited at the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, DC from 20 October 2017 to 28 January 2018.
In popular culture
The dioramas inspired CSI writers in their creation of the Miniature Killer, a serial murderer who leaves miniature dollhouses behind at crime scenes.
Corinne Botz's best-selling book "The Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death" (Monacelli Press, 2004) examines Lee's life and includes numerous photographs of the models.
Susan Marks' documentary film Of Dolls and Murder looks at how the dioramas are still used as training material by the Baltimore Police Department.
On 18 November 2017, the film Murder in a Nutshell: The Frances Glessner Lee Story was directed by Susan Marks and the film was premiered at the Renwick Gallery. Nora Atkinson, the Lloyd Herman Curator of Craft, moderated a discussion with Ms. Susan Marks.
References
External links
Nutshell Studies of Unexplained Death Image Gallery
Death in Diorama
Frances Glessner Lee (1878–1962), Biographies, Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body, National Library of Medicine, 16 February 2006, updated 10 July 2006.
Glessner House Museum
"The Mother of CSI" Episode of Travel Channel's Mysteries at the Museum
How A Doll-Loving Heiress Became The Mother Of Forensic Science
, a video about the works by Vox Media
Category:Dioramas
Category:Harvard Medical School
Category:Forensic equipment
Category:History of forensic science | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rafael Navarro Rivas
Rafael "Rafa" Navarro Rivas (born 10 January 1972) is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a winger, and is a manager.
Playing career
Born in Córdoba, Andalusia, Navarro joined Sevilla FC's youth setup at the age of 17, from Córdoba CF. In 1991, after finishing his formation, he returned to his previous club and was assigned to the main squad in Segunda División B.
For the 1995–96 campaign, Navarro moved straight to La Liga, joining Sporting de Gijón after a one-year spell at Real Jaén in the third division. However, he only featured in two Copa del Rey matches for the side before being loaned to Segunda División side Villarreal CF.
After featuring sparingly, Navarro left the Rojiblancos and moved to Recreativo de Huelva in the third division, in 1997. The following year, he rejoined his first club Córdoba, featuring regularly and helping in the club's promotion to the second level in 1999.
In December 2002, after being deemed surplus to requirements at the Blanquiverdes, Navarro joined AD Ceuta in the third tier. He went on to resume his career mainly in that division in the following years, representing CD Linares, CD Villanueva, Lucena CF and CD Iliturgi; he retired with the latter in 2007, aged 35.
Managerial career
In 2008, shortly after his retirement, Navarro worked as an assistant coach of Córdoba's B and first teams. He left in 2009, but returned in the following year as manager of the youth categories.
In 2013, Navarro took over CA Espeleño in the regional leagues, achieving promotion to Tercera División with the club in 2016. He left the club in June 2018, subsequently returning to Córdoba on 28 September of that year as a director of the youth setup.
On 25 February 2019, Navarro was appointed at the helm of the Blanquiverdes' first team, replacing sacked Curro Torres. He left at the end of the season following their relegation to Segunda B, but remained employed by the club.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Sportspeople from Córdoba, Spain
Category:Spanish footballers
Category:Andalusian footballers
Category:Association football wingers
Category:Segunda División players
Category:Segunda División B players
Category:Tercera División players
Category:Córdoba CF players
Category:Real Jaén footballers
Category:Sporting de Gijón players
Category:Villarreal CF players
Category:Recreativo de Huelva players
Category:AD Ceuta footballers
Category:CD Linares players
Category:Spanish football managers
Category:Córdoba CF managers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Canal Road (constituency)
Canal Road () is one of the 13 constituencies in the Wan Chai District of Hong Kong. It was created in 1994.
The constituency loosely covers Canal Road in Hong Kong Island with the estimated population of 12,512.
Councillors represented
Election results
2010s
2000s
1990s
References
Category:Constituencies of Hong Kong
Category:1994 in Hong Kong
Category:Constituencies of Wan Chai District Council
Category:1994 establishments in Hong Kong
Category:Constituencies established in 1994 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)
The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the German-Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945. Throughout the entire course of the occupation, the territory of Poland was divided between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (USSR) both of which intended to eradicate Poland's culture and subjugate its people. In the summer-autumn of 1941, the lands which were annexed by the Soviets were overrun by Germany in the course of the initially successful German attack on the USSR. After a few years of fighting, the Red Army drove the German forces out of the USSR and crossed into Poland from the rest of Central and Eastern Europe.
Sociologist Tadeusz Piotrowski argues that both occupying powers were hostile to the existence of Poland's sovereignty, people, and the culture and aimed to destroy them. Before Operation Barbarossa, Germany and the Soviet Union coordinated their Poland-related policies, most visibly in the four Gestapo–NKVD conferences, where the occupiers discussed their plans to deal with the Polish resistance movement
Around 6 million Polish citizens—nearly 21.4% of Poland's population—died between 1939 and 1945 as a result of the occupation, half of whom were ethnic Poles and the other half of whome were Polish Jews. Over 90% of the deaths were non-military losses, because most civilians were deliberately targeted in various actions which were launched by the Germans and Soviets. Overall, during German occupation of pre-war Polish territory, 1939–1945, the Germans murdered 5,470,000–5,670,000 Poles, including 3,000,000 Jews in what was described as a deliberate and systematic genocide during the Nuremberg Trials.
In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead (including Polish Jews) at between 5.47 and 5.67 million (due to German actions) and 150,000 (due to Soviet), or around 5.62 and 5.82 million total.
Administration
In September 1939 Poland was invaded and occupied by two powers: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, acting in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Germany acquired 48.4% of the former Polish territory. Under the terms of two decrees by Hitler, with Stalin's agreement (8 and 12 October 1939), large areas of western Poland were annexed by Germany. The size of these annexed territories was approximately with approximately 10.5 million inhabitants. The remaining block of territory, of about the same size and inhabited by about 11.5 million, was placed under a German administration called the General Government (in German: Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete), with its capital at Kraków. A German lawyer and prominent Nazi, Hans Frank, was appointed Governor-General of this occupied area on 12 October 1939. Most of the administration outside strictly local level was replaced by German officials. Non-German population on the occupied lands were subject to forced resettlement, Germanization, economic exploitation, and slow but progressive extermination.
A small strip of land, about with 200,000 inhabitants that was part of Czechoslovakia before 1938 was also returned by Germany to its ally, Slovakia.
After Germany and the Soviet Union had partitioned Poland in 1939, most of the ethnically Polish territory ended up under the control of Germany, while the areas annexed by the Soviet Union contained ethnically diverse peoples, with the territory split into bilingual provinces, some of which had large ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian minorities. Many of them welcomed the Soviets due in part to communist agitation by Soviet emissaries. Nonetheless Poles comprised the largest single ethnic group in all territories annexed by the Soviet Union.
By the end of the invasion the Soviet Union had taken over 51.6% of the territory of Poland (about ), with over 13,200,000 people. The ethnic composition of these areas was as follows: 38% Poles (~5.1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees who fled from areas occupied by Germany, most of them Jews (198,000). All territory invaded by the Red Army was annexed to the Soviet Union (after a rigged election), and split between the Belarusian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR, with the exception of the Wilno area taken from Poland, which was transferred to sovereign Lithuania for several months and subsequently annexed by the Soviet Union in the form of the Lithuanian SSR on August 3, 1940. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, most of the Polish territories annexed by the Soviets were attached to the enlarged General Government. Following the end of the war, the borders of Poland were significantly shifted westwards.
Treatment of Polish citizens under German occupation
Generalplan Ost, Lebensraum and expulsion of Poles
For months prior to the beginning of World War II in 1939, German newspapers and leaders had carried out a national and international propaganda campaign accusing Polish authorities of organizing or tolerating violent ethnic cleansing of ethnic Germans living in Poland. British ambassador Sir H. Kennard sent four statements in August 1939 to Viscount Halifax regarding Hitler's claims about the treatment Germans were receiving in Poland; he came to the conclusion all the claims by Hitler and the Nazis were exaggerations or false claims.
From the beginning, the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany was intended as fulfilment of the future plan of the German Reich described by Adolf Hitler in his book Mein Kampf as Lebensraum ("living space") for the Germans in Central and Eastern Europe. The goal of the occupation was to turn the former territory of Poland into ethnically German "living space", by deporting and exterminating the non-German population, or relegating it to the status of slave laborers.
The goal of the German state under Nazi leadership during the war was to completely destroy the Polish people and nation and the fate of the Polish people, as well as the fate of many other Slavs, was outlined in genocidal Generalplan Ost (General Plan for the East) and a closely related Generalsiedlungsplan (General Plan for Settlement). Over a period of 30 years, approximately 12.5 million Germans would be resettled in the Slavic areas, including Poland; with some versions of the plan requiring the resettlement of at least 100 million Germans over a century. The Slavic inhabitants of those lands would be eliminated as the result of genocidal policies; and the survivors would be resettled further east, in less hospitable areas of Eurasia, beyond the Ural Mountains, such as Siberia. At the plan's fulfillment, no Slavs or Jews would remain in Central and Eastern Europe. Generalplan Ost, essentially a grand plan to commit ethnic cleansing, was divided into two parts, the Kleine Planung ("Small Plan"), covered actions which would be undertaken during the war, and the Grosse Planung ("Big Plan"), covered actions which would be undertaken after the war was won. The plan envisaged that different percentages of the various conquered nations would undergo Germanization, be expelled and deported to the depths of Russia, and suffer other gruesome fates, including purposeful starvation and murder, the net effect of which would ensure that the conquered territories would take on an irrevocably German character. Over a longer period of time, only about 3–4 million Poles, all of whom were considered suitable for Germanization, would be allowed to reside in the former territory of Poland.
Those plans began to be implemented almost immediately after German troops took control of Poland. As early as October 1939, many Poles were expelled from the annexed lands in order to make room for German colonizers. Only those Poles who had been selected for Germanization, approximately 1.7 million including thousands of children who had been taken from their parents, were permitted to remain, and if they resisted it, they were to be sent to concentration camps, because "German blood must not be utilized in the interest of a foreign nation". By the end of 1940, at least 325,000 Poles from annexed lands were forced to abandon most of their property and forcibly resettled in the General Government. There were numerous fatalities among the very young and very old, many of whom either perished en route or perished in makeshift transit camps such as those in the towns of Potulice, Smukal, and Toruń. The expulsions continued in 1941, with another 45,000 Poles forced to move eastwards, but following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, the expulsions slowed down, as more and more trains were diverted for military logistics, rather than being made available for population transfers. Nonetheless, in late 1942 and 1943, large-scale expulsions also took place in the General Government, affecting at least 110,000 Poles in the Zamość–Lublin region. Tens of thousands of the expelled, with no place to go, were simply imprisoned in the Auschwitz (Oświęcim) and Majdanek concentration camps. By 1942, the number of new German arrivals in pre-war Poland had already reached two million.
The Nazi plans also called for Poland's 3.3 million Jews to be exterminated; the non-Jewish majority's extermination was planned for the long term and initiated through the mass murder of its political, religious, and intellectual elites at first, which was meant to make the formation of any organized top-down resistance more difficult. Further, the populace of occupied territories was to be relegated to the role of an unskilled labour-force for German-controlled industry and agriculture. This was in spite of racial theory that falsely regarded most Polish leaders as actually being of "German blood", and partly because of it, on the grounds that German blood must not be used in the service of a foreign nation.
After Germany lost the war, the International Military Tribunal at the Nuremberg Trials and Poland's Supreme National Tribunal concluded that the aim of German policies in Poland – the extermination of Poles and Jews – had "all the characteristics of genocide in the biological meaning of this term."
German People's List
The German People's List (Deutsche Volksliste) classified the willing Polish citizens into four groups of people with ethnic Germanic heritage. Group 1 included so-called ethnic Germans who had taken an active part in the struggle for the Germanization of Poland. Group 2 included those ethnic Germans who had not taken such an active part, but had "preserved" their German characteristics. Group 3 included individuals of alleged German stock who had become "Polonized", but whom it was believed, could be won back to Germany. This group also included persons of non-German descent married to Germans or members of non-Polish groups who were considered desirable for their political attitude and racial characteristics. Group 4 consisted of persons of German stock who had become politically merged with the Poles.
After registration in the List, individuals from Groups 1 and 2 automatically became German citizens. Those from Group 3 acquired German citizenship subject to revocation. Those from Group 4 received German citizenship through naturalization proceedings; resistance to Germanization constituted treason because "German blood must not be utilized in the interest of a foreign nation," and such people were sent to concentration camps. Persons ineligible for the List were classified as stateless, and all Poles from the occupied territory, that is from the Government General of Poland, as distinct from the incorporated territory, were classified as non-protected.
Encouraging ethnic strife
According to the 1931 Polish census, out of a prewar population of 35 million, 66% spoke the Polish language as their mother tongue, and most of the Polish native speakers were Roman Catholics. With regards to the remainder, 15% were Ukrainians, 8.5% Jews, 4.7% Belarusians, and 2.2% Germans. Germans intended to exploit the fact that the Second Polish Republic was an ethnically diverse territory, and their policy aimed to "divide and conquer" the ethnically diverse population of the occupied Polish territory, to prevent any unified resistance from forming. One of the attempts to divide the Polish nation was a creation of a new ethnicity called "Goralenvolk". Some minorities, like Kashubians, were forcefully enrolled of into the Deutsche Volksliste, as a measure to compensate for the losses in the Wehrmacht (unlike Poles, Deutsche Volksliste members were eligible for military conscription).
In a top-secret memorandum, "The Treatment of Racial Aliens in the East", dated 25 May 1940, Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, wrote: "We need to divide the East's different ethnic groups up into as many parts and splinter groups as possible".
Forced labour
Almost immediately after the invasion, Germans began forcibly conscripting laborers. Jews were drafted to repair war damage as early as October, with women and children 12 or older required to work; shifts could take half a day and with little compensation. The labourers, Jews, Poles and others, were employed in SS-owned enterprises (such as the German Armament Works, Deutsche Ausrustungswerke, DAW), but also in many private German firms – such as Messerschmitt, Junkers, Siemens, and IG Farben.
Forced labourers were subject to harsh discriminatory measures. Announced on the 8 March 1940 was the Polish decrees which were used as a legal basis for foreign labourers in Germany. The decrees required Poles to wear identifying purple P's on their clothing, made them subject to a curfew, and banned them from using public transportation as well as many German "cultural life" centres and "places of amusement" (this included churches and restaurants). Sexual relations between Germans and Poles were forbidden as Rassenschande (race defilement) under penalty of death. To keep them segregated from the German population, they were often housed in segregated barracks behind barbed wire.
Labor shortages in the German war economy became critical especially after German defeat in the battle of Stalingrad in 1942–1943. This led to the increased use of prisoners as forced labourers in German industries. Following the German invasion and occupation of Polish territory, at least 1.5 million Polish citizens, including teenagers, became labourers in Germany, few by choice. Historian Jan Gross estimates that "no more than 15 per cent" of Polish workers volunteered to go to work in Germany. A total of 2.3 million Polish citizens, including 300,000 POWs, were deported to Germany as forced laborers. They tended to have to work longer hours for lower wages than their German counterparts.
Concentration and extermination camps
A network of Nazi concentration camps were established on German-controlled territories, many of them in occupied Poland, including one of the largest and most infamous, Auschwitz (Oświęcim). Those camps were officially designed as labor camps, and many displayed the motto Arbeit macht frei ("Work brings freedom"). Only high-ranking officials knew that one of the purposes of some of the camps, known as extermination camps (or death camps), was mass murder of the undesirable minorities; officially the prisoners were used in enterprises such as production of synthetic rubber, as was the case of a plant owned by IG Farben, whose laborers came from Auschwitz III camp, or Monowitz. Laborers from concentration camps were literally worked to death. in what was known as extermination through labor.
Auschwitz received the first contingent of 728 Poles on 14 June 1940, transferred from an overcrowded prison at Tarnów. Within a year the Polish inmate population was in thousands, and begun to be exterminated, including in the first gassing experiment in September 1941. According to Polish historian Franciszek Piper, approximately 140,000–150,000 Poles went through Auschwitz, with about half of them perishing there due to executions, medical experiments, or due to starvation and disease. About 100,000 Poles were imprisoned in Majdanek camp, with similar fatality rate. About 30,000 Poles died at Mauthausen, 20,000 at Sachsenhausen and Gross-Rosen each, 17,000 at Neuengamme and Ravensbrueck each, 10,000 at Dachau, and tens of thousands perished in other camps and prisons.
The Holocaust
Following the invasion of Poland in 1939 most of the approximately 3.5 million Polish Jews were rounded up and put into newly established ghettos by Nazi Germany. The ghetto system was unsustainable, as by the end of 1941 the Jews had no savings left to pay the SS for food deliveries and no chance to earn their own keep. At the 20 January 1942 Wannsee Conference, held near Berlin, new plans were outlined for the total genocide of the Jews, known as the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question". The extermination program was codenamed Operation Reinhard.
Three secret extermination camps set up specifically for Operation Reinhard; Treblinka, Belzec and Sobibor. In addition to the Reinhard camps, mass killing facilities such as gas chambers using Zyklon B were added to the Majdanek concentration camp in March 1942 and at Auschwitz and Chełmno.
Cultural genocide
Nazi Germany engaged in a concentrated effort to destroy Polish culture. To that end, numerous cultural and educational institutions were closed or destroyed, from schools and universities, through monuments and libraries, to laboratories and museums. Many employees of said institutions were arrested and executed as part wider persecutions of Polish intellectual elite. Schooling of Polish children was curtailed to a few years of elementary education, as outlined by Himmler's May 1940 memorandum: "The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one's name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans. ... I do not think that reading is desirable".
Extermination of elites
Proscription lists (Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen), prepared before the war started, identified more than 61,000 members of the Polish elite and intelligentsia leaders who were deemed unfriendly to Germany. Already during the 1939 German invasion, dedicated units of SS and police (the Einsatzgruppen) were tasked with arresting or outright killing of those resisting the Germans.
They were aided by some regular German army units and "self-defense" forces composed of members of German minority in Poland, the Volksdeutsche. The Nazi regime's policy of murdering or suppressing the ethnic Polish elites was known as Operation Tannenberg. This included not only those resisting actively, but also those simply capable of doing so by the virtue of their social status. As a result, tens of thousands of people found "guilty" of being educated (members of the intelligentsia, from clergymen to government officials, doctors, teachers and journalists) or wealthy (landowners, business owners, and so on) were either executed on spot, sometimes in mass executions, or imprisoned, some destined for the concentration camps. Some of the mass executions were reprisal actions for actions of the Polish resistance, with German officials adhering to the collective guilt principle and holding entire communities responsible for the actions of unidentified perpetrators.
One of the most infamous German operations was the Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion (AB-Aktion in short, German for Special Pacification), a German campaign during World War II aimed at Polish leaders and the intelligentsia, including many university professors, teachers and priests. In the spring and summer of 1940, more than 30,000 Poles were arrested by the German authorities of German-occupied Poland. Several thousands were executed outside Warsaw, in the Kampinos forest near Palmiry, and inside the city at the Pawiak prison. Most of the remainder were sent to various German concentration camps.
The Nazis also persecuted the Catholic Church in Poland and other, smaller religions.
Nazi policy towards the Church was at its most severe in the territories it annexed to Greater Germany, where they set about systematically dismantling the Church – arresting its leaders, exiling its clergymen, closing its churches, monasteries and convents. Many clergymen and nuns were murdered or sent to concentration and labor camps. Already in 1939, 80% of the Catholic clergy of the Warthegau region had been deported to concentration camps. Primate of Poland, Cardinal August Hlond, submitted an official account of the persecutions of the Polish Church to the Vatican. In his final observations for Pope Pius XII, Hlond wrote: "Hitlerism aims at the systematic and total destruction of the Catholic Church in the... territories of Poland which have been incorporated into the Reich...". The smaller Evangelical churches of Poland also suffered. The entirety of the Protestant clergy of the Cieszyn region of Silesia were arrested and deported to concentration camps at Mauthausen, Buchenwald, Dachau and Oranienburg. Protestant clergy leaders who perished in those purges included charity activist Karol Kulisz, theology professor Edmund Bursche, and Bishop of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland, Juliusz Bursche.
Germanization
In the territories annexed to Nazi Germany, in particular with regards to the westernmost incorporated territories—the so-called Wartheland— the Nazis aimed for a complete "Germanization", i.e. full cultural, political, economic and social assimilation. The Polish language was forbidden to be taught even in elementary schools; landmarks from streets to cities were renamed en masse (Łódź became Litzmannstadt, and so on). All manner of Polish enterprises, up to small shops, were taken over, with prior owners rarely compensated. Signs posted in public places prohibited non-Germans from entering these places warning: "Entrance is forbidden to Poles, Jews, and dogs.", or Nur für Deutsche ("Only for Germans"), commonly found on many public utilities and places such as trams, parks, cafes, cinemas, theaters, and others.
The Nazis kept an eye out for Polish children who possessed Nordic racial characteristics. An estimated total of 50,000 children, majority taken from orphanages and foster homes in the annexed lands, but some separated from their parents, were taken into a special Germanization program. Polish women deported to Germany as forced labourers and who bore children were a common victim of this policy, with their infants regularly taken. If the child passed the battery of racial, physical and psychological tests, they were sent on to Germany for "Germanization".
At least 4,454 children were given new German names, forbidden to use Polish language, and reeducated in Nazi institutions. Few were ever reunited with their original families. Those deemed as unsuitable for Germanization for being "not Aryan enough" were sent to orphanages or even to concentration camps like Auschwitz, where many perished, often killed by intercardiac injections of phenol. For Polish forced laborers, in some cases if an examination of the parents suggested that the child might not be "racially valuable", the mother was compelled to have an abortion. Infants who did not pass muster would be removed to a state orphanage (Ausländerkinder-Pflegestätte), where many died from the lack of food.
Resistance
Despite the military defeat of the Polish Army in September 1939, the Polish government itself never surrendered, instead evacuating West, where it formed the Polish government in Exile. The government in exile was represented in the occupied Poland by the Government Delegation for Poland, headed by the Government Delegate for Poland. The main role of the civilian branch of the Underground State was to preserve the continuity of the Polish state as a whole, including its institutions. These institutions included the police, the courts, and schools. By the final years of the war, the civilian structure of the Underground State included an underground parliament, administration, judiciary (courts and police), secondary and higher level education, and supported various cultural activities such as publishing of newspapers and books, underground theatres, lectures, exhibitions, concerts and safeguarded various works of art. It also dealt with providing social services, including to the destitute Jewish population (through the Council to Aid Jews, or Żegota). Through the Directorate of Civil Resistance (1941–1943) the civil arm was also involved in lesser acts of resistance, such as minor sabotage, although in 1943 this department was merged with the Directorate of Covert Resistance, forming the Directorate of Underground Resistance, subordinate to Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa).
In response to the occupation, Poles formed one of the largest underground movements in Europe. Resistance to the Nazi German occupation began almost at once. The Home Army (in Polish Armia Krajowa or AK), loyal to the Polish government in exile in London and a military arm of the Polish Underground State, was formed from a number of smaller groups in 1942. There was also the People's Army (Polish Armia Ludowa or AL), backed by the Soviet Union and controlled by the Polish Workers' Party (Polish Polska Partia Robotnicza or PPR), though significantly less numerous than the Home Army. In February 1942, when AK was formed, it numbered about 100,000 members. In the beginning of 1943, it had reached a strength of about 200,000. In the summer of 1944 when Operation Tempest begun AK reached its highest membership numbers. Estimates of AK membership in the first half of 1944 and summer that year vary, with about 400,000 being common. With the imminent arrival of the Soviet army, the AK launched an uprising in Warsaw against the German army on 1 August 1944. The uprising, receiving little assistance from the nearby Soviet forces, eventually failed, significantly reducing the Home Army's power and position. About 200,000 Poles, most of them civilians, lost their lives in the Uprising.
Effect on the Polish population
The Polish civilian population suffered under German occupation in many ways. Large numbers were expelled from land intended for German colonisation, and forced to resettle in the General-Government area. Hundreds of thousands of Poles were deported to Germany for forced labour in industry and agriculture, where many thousands died. Poles were also conscripted for labour in Poland, and were held in labour camps all over the country, again with a high death rate. There was a general shortage of food, fuel for heating and medical supplies, and there was a high death rate among the Polish population as a result. Finally, thousands of Poles were killed as reprisals for resistance attacks on German forces or for other reasons. In all, about three million Poles died as a result of the German occupation, more than 10% of the pre-war population. When this is added to the three million Polish Jews who were killed as a matter of policy by the Germans, Poland lost about 22% of its population, the highest proportion of any European country in World War II.
Poland had a large Jewish population, and according to Davies, more Jews were both killed and rescued in Poland, than in any other nation, the rescue figure usually being put at between 100,000 and 150,000. Thousands of Poles have been honoured as Righteous Among the Nations – constituting the largest national contingent. When AK Home Army Intelligence discovered the true fate of transports leaving the Jewish Ghetto, the Council to Aid Jews (Zegota) was established in late 1942, in cooperation with church groups. The organisation saved thousands. Emphasis was placed on protecting children, as it was nearly impossible to intervene directly against the heavily guarded transports. The Germans implemented several different laws to separate Poles and Jews in the ghettos with Poles living on the "Aryan Side" and the Jews living on the "Jewish Side", despite the risk of death many Poles risked their lives by forging "Aryan Papers" for Jews to make them appear as non-Jewish Poles so they could live on the Aryan side and avoid Nazi persecution. Another law implemented by the Germans was that Poles were forbidden from buying from Jewish shops in which, if they did, they were subject to execution. Jewish children were also distributed among safe houses and church networks. Jewish children were often placed in church orphanages and convents.
Some three million gentile Polish citizens perished during the course of the war, over two million of whom were ethnic Poles (the remainder being mostly Ukrainians and Belarusians). The vast majority of those killed were civilians, mostly killed by the actions of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
Aside from being sent to Nazi concentration camps, most ethnic Poles died through shelling and bombing campaigns, mass executions, forced starvation, revenge murder, ill health, and slave labour. Along with Auschwitz II-Birkenau, the main six extermination camps in occupied Poland were used predominantly to exterminate Jews. Stutthof concentration camp was used for mass extermination of Poles. A number of civilian labour camps (Gemeinschaftslager) for Poles (Polenlager) were established inside Polish territory. Many Poles died in German camps. The first non-German prisoners at Auschwitz were Poles who were the majority of inmates there until 1942 when the systematic killing of the Jews began. The first killing by poison gas at Auschwitz involved 300 Poles and 700 Soviet prisoners of war. Many Poles and other Central and Eastern Europeans were also sent to concentration camps in Germany: over 35,000 to Dachau, 33,000 to the camp for women at Ravensbrück, 30,000 to Mauthausen and 20,000 to Sachsenhausen.
The population in the General Government's territory was initially about 12 million in an area of 94,000 square kilometres, but this increased as about 860,000 Poles and Jews were expelled from the German-annexed areas and "resettled" in the General Government. Offsetting this was the German campaign of extermination of the Polish intelligentsia and other elements thought likely to resist (e.g. Operation Tannenberg). From 1941, disease and hunger also began to reduce the population. Poles were deported in large numbers to work as forced labour in Germany: eventually about a million were deported, and many died in Germany.
Treatment of Polish citizens under Soviet occupation
By the end of the Polish Defensive War, the Soviet Union took over 52.1% of Poland's territory (~200,000 km²), with over 13,700,000 people. The estimates vary; Prof. Elżbieta Trela-Mazur gives the following numbers in regards to the ethnic composition of these areas: 38% Poles (ca. 5.1 million people), 37% Ukrainians, 14.5% Belarusians, 8.4% Jews, 0.9% Russians and 0.6% Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees from areas occupied by Germany, most of them Jews (198,000). Areas occupied by the USSR were annexed to Soviet territory, with the exception of the Wilno area, which was transferred to Lithuania, although it was soon attached to the USSR once Lithuania became a Soviet republic.
Initially the Soviet occupation gained support among some members of the linguistic minorities who had chafed under the nationalist policies of the Second Polish Republic. Much of the Ukrainian population initially welcomed the unification with the Soviet Ukraine because twenty years earlier their attempt at self-determination failed during both the Polish–Ukrainian War and the Ukrainian–Soviet War.
There were large groups of prewar Polish citizens, notably Jewish youth and, to a lesser extent, the Ukrainian peasants, who saw the Soviet power as an opportunity to start political or social activity outside their traditional ethnic or cultural groups. Their enthusiasm however faded with time as it became clear that the Soviet repressions were aimed at all groups equally, regardless of their political stance.
British historian Simon Sebag Montefiore states that Soviet terror in the occupied eastern Polish lands was as cruel and tragic as the Nazis' in the west. Soviet authorities brutally treated those who might oppose their rule, deporting by 10 November 1940 around 10% of total population of Kresy, with 30% of those deported dead by 1941. They arrested and imprisoned about 500,000 Poles during 1939–1941, including former officials, officers, and natural "enemies of the people" like the clergy, but also noblemen and intellectuals. The Soviets also executed about 65,000 Poles. Soldiers of the Red Army and their officers behaved like conquerors, looting and stealing Polish treasures. When Stalin was told about it, he answered: "If there is no ill will, they [the soldiers] can be pardoned".
In one notorious massacre, the NKVD-the Soviet secret police—systematically executed 21,768 Poles, among them 14,471 former Polish officers, including political leaders, government officials, and intellectuals. Some 4,254 of these were uncovered in mass graves in Katyn Forest by the Nazis in 1943, who then invited an international group of neutral representatives and doctors to study the corpses and confirm Soviet guilt, but the findings from the study were denounced by the Allies as "Nazi propaganda".
The Soviet Union had ceased to recognize the Polish state at the start of the invasion. As a result, the two governments never officially declared war on each other. The Soviets therefore did not classify Polish military prisoners as prisoners of war but as rebels against the new legal government of Western Ukraine and Western Byelorussia. The Soviets killed tens of thousands of Polish prisoners of war. Some, like General Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, who was captured, interrogated and shot on 22 September, were executed during the campaign itself. On 24 September, the Soviets killed 42 staff and patients of a Polish military hospital in the village of Grabowiec, near Zamość. The Soviets also executed all the Polish officers they captured after the Battle of Szack, on 28 September. Over 20,000 Polish military personnel and civilians perished in the Katyn massacre.
The Poles and the Soviets re-established diplomatic relations in 1941, following the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement; but the Soviets broke them off again in 1943 after the Polish government demanded an independent examination of the recently discovered Katyn burial pits. The Soviets then lobbied the Western Allies to recognize the pro-Soviet Polish puppet government of Wanda Wasilewska in Moscow.
On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany had changed the secret terms of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. They moved Lithuania into the Soviet sphere of influence and shifted the border in Poland to the east, giving Germany more territory. By this arrangement, often described as a fourth partition of Poland, the Soviet Union secured almost all Polish territory east of the line of the rivers Pisa, Narew, Western Bug and San. This amounted to about 200,000 square kilometres of land, inhabited by 13.5 million Polish citizens.
The Red Army had originally sowed confusion among the locals by claiming that they were arriving to save Poland from the Nazis. Their advance surprised Polish communities and their leaders, who had not been advised how to respond to a Bolshevik invasion. Polish and Jewish citizens may at first have preferred a Soviet regime to a German one, but the Soviets soon proved as hostile and destructive towards the Polish people and their culture as the Nazis. They began confiscating, nationalising and redistributing all private and state-owned Polish property. During the two years following the annexation, they arrested approximately 100,000 Polish citizens and deported between 350,000 and 1,500,000, of whom between 150,000 and 1,000,000 died, mostly civilians.
Land reform and collectivisation
The Soviet base of support was strengthened by a land reform program initiated by the Soviets in which most of the owners of large lots of land were labeled "kulaks" and dispossessed of their land, which was then divided among poorer peasants.
However, the Soviet authorities then started a campaign of forced collectivisation, which largely nullified the earlier gains from the land reform as the peasants generally did not want to join the Kolkhoz farms, nor to give away their crops for free to fulfill the state-imposed quotas.
Removal of Polish governmental and social institutions
While Germans enforced their policies based on racism, the Soviet administration justified their Stalinist policies by appealing to the Soviet ideology, which in reality meant the thorough Sovietization of the area. Immediately after their conquest of eastern Poland, the Soviet authorities started a campaign of Sovietization of the newly acquired areas. No later than several weeks after the last Polish units surrendered, on 22 October 1939, the Soviets organized staged elections to the Moscow-controlled Supreme Soviets (legislative body) of Western Byelorussia and Western Ukraine. The result of the staged voting was to become a legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.
Subsequently, all institutions of the dismantled Polish state were closed down and reopened under the Soviet appointed supervisors. Lwow University and many other schools were reopened soon but they were restarted anew as Soviet institutions rather than continuing their old legacy. Lwow University was reorganized in accordance with the Statute Books for Soviet Higher Schools. The tuition, that along with the institution's Polonophile traditions, kept the university inaccessible to most of the rural Ukrainophone population, was abolished and several new chairs were opened, particularly the chairs of Russian language and literature. The chairs of Marxism-Leninism, Dialectical and Historical Materialism aimed at strengthening of the Soviet ideology were opened as well. Polish literature and language studies ware dissolved by Soviet authorities. Forty-five new faculty members were assigned to it and transferred from other institutions of Soviet Ukraine, mainly the Kharkiv and Kiev universities. On 15 January 1940 the Lviv University was reopened and started to teach in accordance with Soviet curricula.
Simultaneously, Soviet authorities attempted to remove the traces of Polish history of the area by eliminating much of what had any connection to the Polish state or even Polish culture in general. On 21 December 1939, the Polish currency was withdrawn from circulation without any exchange to the newly introduced rouble, which meant that the entire population of the area lost all of their life savings overnight.
All the media became controlled by Moscow. Soviet authorities implemented a political regime similar to a police state, based on terror. All Polish parties and organizations were disbanded. Only the Communist Party was allowed to exist along with organizations subordinated to it.
All organized religions were persecuted. All enterprises were taken over by the state, while agriculture was made collective.
Rule of terror
An inherent part of the Sovietization was a rule of terror started by the NKVD and other Soviet agencies. The first victims of the new order were approximately 250,000 Polish prisoners of war captured by the USSR during and after the Polish Defensive War (see Polish prisoners of war in Soviet Union (after 1939)). As the Soviet Union did not sign any international convention on rules of war, they were denied the status of prisoners of war and instead almost all of the captured officers were then murdered (see Katyn massacre) or sent to Gulag. Ordinary soldiers who were ethnic minorities living in the territories that the Soviet Union planned to annex were released and allowed to go home. Those who lived in the German zone of occupation were transferred to the Germans. "Military settlers" were excluded from home release. About 23,000 of POWs were separated from the rest and sent to construct a highway, with a planned release in December 1939. Thousands of others would fall victim to NKVD massacres of prisoners in mid-1941, after Germany invaded the Soviet Union.
Similar policies were applied to the civilian population as well. The Soviet authorities regarded service for the pre-war Polish state as a "crime against revolution" and "counter-revolutionary activity", and subsequently started arresting large numbers of Polish intelligentsia, politicians, civil servants and scientists, but also ordinary people suspected of posing a threat to the Soviet rule. Among the arrested members of the Polish intelligentsia were former prime ministers Leon Kozłowski and Aleksander Prystor, as well as Stanisław Grabski, Stanisław Głąbiński and the Baczewski family. Initially aimed primarily at possible political opponents, by January 1940 the NKVD aimed its campaign also at its potential allies, including the Polish communists and socialists. Among the arrested were Władysław Broniewski, Aleksander Wat, Tadeusz Peiper, Leopold Lewin, Anatol Stern, Teodor Parnicki, Marian Czuchnowski and many others.
Deportation
In 1940 and the first half of 1941, the Soviets deported more than 1,200,000 Poles, most in four mass deportations. The first deportation took place 10 February 1940, with more than 220,000 sent to northern European Russia; the second on 13 April 1940, sending 320,000 primarily to Kazakhstan; a third wave in June–July 1940 totaled more than 240,000; the fourth occurred in June 1941, deporting 300,000. Upon resumption of Polish-Soviet diplomatic relations in 1941, it was determined based on Soviet information that more than 760,000 of the deportees had died – a large part of those dead being children, who had comprised about a third of deportees.
Approximately 100,000 former Polish citizens were arrested during the two years of Soviet occupation. The prisons soon got severely overcrowded. with detainees suspected of anti-Soviet activities and the NKVD had to open dozens of ad-hoc prison sites in almost all towns of the region. The wave of arrests led to forced resettlement of large categories of people (kulaks, Polish civil servants, forest workers, university professors or osadniks, for instance) to the Gulag labour camps and exile settlements in remote areas of the Soviet Union. Altogether roughly a million people were sent to the east in four major waves of deportations. According to Norman Davies, almost half of them were dead by the time the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement had been signed in 1941.
According to the Soviet law, all residents of the annexed area, dubbed by the Soviets as citizens of former Poland, automatically acquired Soviet citizenship. However, actual conferral of citizenship still required the individual's consent and the residents were strongly pressured for such consent. The refugees who opted out were threatened with repatriation to Nazi controlled territories of Poland.
Exploitation of ethnic tensions
In addition, the Soviets exploited past ethnic tension between Poles and other ethnic groups, inciting and encouraging violence against Poles calling the minorities to "rectify the wrongs they had suffered during twenty years of Polish rule". Pre-war Poland was portrayed as a capitalist state based on exploitation of the working people and ethnic minorities. Soviet propaganda claimed that unfair treatment of non-Poles by the Second Polish Republic was a justification of its dismemberment. Soviet officials openly incited mobs to perform killings and robberies The death toll of the initial Soviet-inspired terror campaign remains unknown.
Restoration of Soviet control
While formal Polish sovereignty was almost immediately restored when the forces of Nazi Germany were expelled in 1945, in reality the country remained under firm Soviet control as it remained occupied by the Soviet Army Northern Group of Forces until 1956. To this day the events of those and the following years are one of the stumbling blocks in Polish-Russian foreign relations.
Casualties
Around 6 million Polish citizens – nearly 21.4% of the pre-war population of the Second Polish Republic — died between 1939 and 1945. Over 90% of the death toll involved non-military losses, as most civilians were targets of various deliberate actions by the Germans and Soviets.
Both occupiers wanted not only to gain Polish territory, but also to destroy Polish culture and the Polish nation as a whole.
Tadeusz Piotrowski, Professor of Sociology at the University of New Hampshire has provided a reassessment of Poland's losses in World War II. Polish war dead include 5,150,000 victims of Nazi crimes against ethnic Poles and the Holocaust, the treatment of Polish citizens by occupiers included 350,000 deaths during the Soviet occupation in 1940–41 and about 100,000 Poles killed in 1943–44 in the Ukraine. Of the 100,000 Poles killed in the Ukraine, 80,000 perished during the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Losses by ethnic group were 3,100,000 Jews; 2,000,000 ethnic Poles; 500,000 Ukrainians and Belarusians.
In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead (including Polish Jews) at between 5.47 and 5.67 million (due to German actions) and 150,000 (due to Soviet), or around 5.62 and 5.82 million total.
The official Polish government report prepared in 1947 listed 6,028,000 war deaths out of a population of 27,007,000 ethnic Poles and Jews; this report excluded ethnic Ukrainian and Belarusian losses. However some historians in Poland now believe that Polish war losses were at least 2 million ethnic Poles and 3 million Jews as a result of the war.
Another assessment, Poles as Victims of the Nazi Era, prepared by USHMM, lists 1.8 to 1.9 million ethnic Polish dead in addition to 3 million Polish Jews.
POW deaths totaled 250,000; in Germany (120,000) and in the USSR (130,000).
The genocide of Romani people (porajmos) was 35,000 persons. Jewish Holocaust victims totaled 3,000,000.
See also
Chronicles of Terror
Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany (1939–1944)
Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany
Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
Polish minority in Germany
Polish minority in the Soviet Union
Polish resistance movement in World War II
Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939-1946)
The Holocaust in Poland
War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
References
External links
A review of the Piotrowski book Poland's Holocaust
Michael Phayer, 'Et Papa tacet': the genocide of Polish Catholics
Research guide to biographical sources for victims of World War II in Poland
Testimonies concerning German occupation of Poland in testimony database 'Chronicles of Terror'
Category:Jewish Polish history
Category:Military history of Poland
Category:Germany–Poland relations
Poland
Category:The Holocaust in Poland
Poland
Poland
Category:Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland 1939–1941
Category:1939 in international relations
Category:Military occupations of Poland
Category:German occupation of Poland during World War II | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Clair Marlo
Clara Veseliza known professionally as Clair Marlo, is a Croatian-American Record Producer, Songwriter, Composer, and Performer.
She is known for her multiplatinum hit singles, "'Til They Take My Heart Away" and "Without Me", both from her debut album, Let It Go. Her songs became a staple in radio stations during the early 1990s and her albums (both as recording artist and as producer) for Sheffield Lab Records have become audiophile staples and collectors items around the world. Marlo is also known for singing "Sviraj" and "Lullaby" on Paul Schwartz's album, Aria 2 - New Horizon, which reached #5 on Billboards Top Classical Crossover Chart in 1999.
Career
Clair Marlo was born Clara Veseliza in New York and grew up in Astoria and Flushing, Queens. She began her musical studies at the age of 5 with accordion, then started piano and voice at 9. She had her first song published by Leeds Levy (MCA Music) at the age of 16. when she started college for composition at the Aaron Copeland School of Music at Queens College. She studied opera with opera singer Camilla Williams for 2 years. Her private teachers also included Spud Murphy, and John Motley.
A graduate of Berklee College of Music in Boston, Marlo has released recordings under her own name (Let it Go, Behaviour Self, and Trinity), and as part of the groups Primal Instinct, Tairona, Vox Mundi, and Liquid Amber.
She co-founded the music production company Invisible Hand Productions in 1995. She is also co-owner of Write Hear Music (BMI), Tarzana Jane Music (ASCAP), with her former husband. She currently owns and runs Score Dogs, Building 11, and Blue Rain Records.
The late pop rock drummer Jeff Porcaro played on her song "'Til They Take My Heart Away" and other songs on the same album, Let It Go. Porcaro was a premier drummer and was named one of the top 50 drummers of all time by Modern Drummer magazine. Marlo has worked with many notable artists and songwriters, including Steve Porcaro (Toto), Joe Porcaro, David Paich, Leland Sklar, Grant Geissman, Craig Fuller (Pure Prairie League), Abraham Laboriel Sr., Dean Parks, Luis Conte, Steve Katz (Blood, Sweat & Tears), and Brandon Fields.
Marlo has produced such artists as Harry Chapin (posthumously), Pat Coil, Michael Ruff, Kilauea, and Grant Geissman. Her production of Michael Ruff's "Speaking in Melodies" for Sheffield Lab Records is an audiophile collector's item and was on Stereophile's list of "1994 Records to Die For".
Discography
Solo albums and Featured Artist
Let it Go (1989)
;Til They Take My Heart Away (Finyl Edits)
Til They Take My Heart Away (1994 Power Tools Edit)
Behaviour Self (1995)
Rediscovered (2007)
Trinity (2019)
Group albums
Liquid Amber (1994)
Liquid Amber - Adrift (1995)
Tairona - Andean Christmas (1996)
Vox Mundi - Christmas Spirit (1998)
Albums as Producer
Pat Coil - Steps (1990)
Kilauea - Antigua Blue (1992)
Pat Coil - Just Ahead (1992)
Michael Ruff - Speaking in Melodies (1993)
Grant Geissman - In with the Out Crowd (1998)
Lori Barth - Sensuel (2002)
Albums as Composer, Songwriter, Sideman
Glenn Eric - Glenn Eric (1987)
Spies - Music of Espionage (1988)
Let it Go (1989)
Kilauea - Antigua Blue (1992)
Liquid Amber (1994)
Behaviour Self (1995)
Liquid Amber - Adrift (1995)
Tairona - Andean Christmas (1996)
Grant Geissman - In with the Out Crowd (1998)
Vox Mundi - Christmas Spirit (1998)
Mark Winkler - City Lights (1998)
Regine Velasquez - Regine, Live Sa Antipolo (2001)
Lori Barth - Sensuel (2002)
Kyla - Not your ordinary girl (2004)
Aria - 3 CD collection (2004)
Red Rose - Good Friends (2004)
Neil Young - Living with War (2006)
Julia Duncan - The Love Lounge (2007)
3 Hours of Creepy Sounds for Halloween(2009)
Regine Velasquez - Without Me (2010)
M.Y.M.P. - Back to Acoustic (2011)
Migz Haleco - Strangers Again (2014)
Celtic Journey - Celtic Journey (2011)
Up Close Volume 8 - Sheffield Lab Sampler Featuring Pat Coil
Filmography
Personal life
Marlo is based out of Los Angeles, and Istria Croatia. She has a daughter and a son.
References
Category:Living people
Category:American people of Croatian descent
Category:American pop singers
Category:American jazz composers
Category:Female jazz composers
Category:Berklee College of Music alumni
Category:American female singer-songwriters
Category:American record producers
Category:American keyboardists
Category:American session musicians
Category:1969 births
Category:American women record producers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rigby
Rigby may refer to:
People
Amy Rigby (born 1959), American singer-songwriter
Bob Rigby (born 1951), American soccer goalkeeper
Cam Rigby (born 1978), Australian basketball player
Cathy Rigby (born 1952), American gymnast and actress
Claude Rigby (1882–1960), Irish cricketer and radiologist
Elizabeth Rigby, (1809-1893) later Lady Elizabeth Eastlake, British art historian
Emma Rigby (born 1989), English actress
Hannah Rigby (1794–1853), Australian convict
Jean Rigby (born 1954), English opera and concert singer
John Rigby (artist) (1922–2012), Australian artist
John Rigby (martyr) (died 1600), English Catholic martyr
John Rigby (mathematician) (1933–2014), English mathematician and academic
John Rigby (rower) (1906–1975), New Zealand rower
Sir John Rigby (politician) (1834–1903), British lawyer and politician
Jonathan Rigby (born 1963), English film critic and actor
Lee Rigby (1987-2013), British soldier and murder victim
Nicholas Rigby ( 1800–1886), English catholic priest
Norman Rigby (1923–2001), English footballer
Paul Rigby (1924–2006), Australian cartoonist
Sir Peter Rigby (born 1943), British entrepreneur and chairman of SCC
Richard Rigby (1772–1848), British/Irish politician and businessman
Terence Rigby (1937–2008), English actor
Tim Rigby (politician), politician in Ontario, Canada
Tim Rigby (sportscaster), sports anchor for WJAC-TV in Pennsylvania, USA
Will Rigby (born 1956), American drummer and ex-husband of Amy Rigby
Places
Rigby, Idaho, U.S.
Rigby High School
Rigby's La Plaza Historic District, Florida, U.S.
Other
.416 Rigby, a rifle cartridge
John Rigby & Company, a manufacturer of firearms
Rigby v Connol, a UK labour law case
A character in the animated television sitcom Regular Show
An imprint of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
See also
Eleanor Rigby (disambiguation)
Rigsby (disambiguation)
Rinkeby, a district in Stockholm, Sweden
Category:Danish-language surnames | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Doug McCaig
Douglas Edwin McCaig (February 24, 1919 in Guelph, Ontario – June 6, 1982) was a professional ice hockey player who played 263 games in the National Hockey League. He played for the Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks.
External links
Category:1919 births
Category:1982 deaths
Category:Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Category:Chicago Blackhawks players
Category:Detroit Red Wings players
Category:Ice hockey people from Ontario
Category:Indianapolis Capitals players
Category:St. Louis Flyers players
Category:Sportspeople from Guelph | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
SS France (1910)
SS France was a French ocean liner which sailed for the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, colloquially known as CGT or the "French Line". She was later christened Versailles of the Atlantic, a reference to her décor which reflected the famous palace outside Paris. Ordered in 1908, she was introduced into the Transatlantic route in April 1912, just a week after the sinking of , and was the only French liner among the famous "four stackers". France quickly became one of the most popular ships in the Atlantic. Serving as a hospital ship during World War I, France would have a career spanning two decades. Her overall success encouraged CGT to create even larger liners in the future.
Background
At the turn of the 20th century, British and German liners dominated the North Atlantic passenger route, carrying not only a huge number of immigrants, but catering to the social elite as well. In 1897 the North German Lloyd had launched their , a four-funnelled liner which proved a great success. By 1906, Lloyd had three four-funnelled liners and another being built. Lloyd were the owners of the so-called "" ships which, with their four funnels were a paradigm of strength, safety and luxury. Shortly after the advent of Cunard's luxurious ocean greyhounds, and , the French Line's directors decided it was time to enter the race for supremacy. The company did not become a major participant of the trans-Atlantic Ocean liner trade until after World War I. During 1907 and 1908, when immigration to the United States was greatest, the company's share of the market was a mere 10%. In line with its strategy, the company did not have ships of either great speed or size, but instead became renowned during the early 20th century for its luxuriously appointed liners. Under the direction of Jules Charles Roux, president of the CGT since 1904, the company ordered a new liner which was to be named Picardie.
The ship was designed to have four funnels, a feature associated by the public with speed, safety and above all luxury. At the time of the commission of Picardie, the CGT's flagship was , a liner which was a mere 12,000 tonnes. The remainder of the fleet included the smaller sister ships, La Savoie and La Lorraine.
Career
Laid down in February 1909, the new liner was to be a marvel of French engineering. Not only would she be over twice the size of any ship in the French merchant fleet, she would be that nation's first quadruple-screw liner, as well as their first (and only) four-funneled liner and their first ship powered by Parsons steam turbines. Less cumbersome and much more powerful than the more traditional reciprocating engines, the turbines would produce nearly and drive the ship at a top speed of ensuring that she was the largest and fastest French ship at sea. Prior to her launch, CGT changed her proposed name to France, the previous Picardie not reflecting the image CGT wished to encourage.
Interiors
France was called the most lavish of the Transatlantic liners and its interiors were one of the most consistent of all liners. The revival of the Baroque architecture and interior design occurred in the late 19th century and prevailed into the early decades of the twentieth.
Her first class accommodations were graced with various portraits of Louis XIV as well as his relations. France was also credited for bringing the grand staircase to the ocean liner, a fashion which prevails in modern cruise ships. Her First Class entrance hall and dining room demonstrated this. The staircase in the dining room was in fact copied from the Parisian Hôtel de Toulouse. Further unique points included her Cafe Terrasse and the Salon Mauresque, the latter a reference to the French colonial empire in Africa. The ship also had a gymnasium, an elevator, and a hair salon, all great novelties at the time. Style Louis seize (Louis XVI) was also used within the private apartments of the grand luxe suites on board. According to a 1912 booklet publicising the liner, her second class accommodation was credited as "match[ing] the richness and comfort of first class on the old liners." Passengers in this class could also utilise a hair dressing salon. Third and steerage classes were also praised as being well-appointed.
The 1910s
Built at Chantiers de l'Atlantique, she was launched 20 September 1910 into the River Loire. The spectacle was watched by scores of cheering Frenchmen who had gathered for the occasion. In the following months, her machinery was installed and her luxurious interiors were fitted. Finally completed in 1912, her maiden voyage began at her homeport of Le Havre on 20 April 1912, just five days after the sinking of . She tied up at the French Line Pier directly adjacent to the White Star Pier where Titanic would have still been docked if her voyage to New York had been successful. As a result of the disaster, France lost much publicity but quickly established herself on her route. She did much to improve the image of the CGT which, to date, had not had much influence in the North Atlantic. Cuisine onboard was said to have been amongst the finest at sea. Sailing at a service speed of , she was faster than any ship afloat save for Mauretania and Lusitania. Despite this, she attained a speed of on her trials. At 23,769 tons, France was half the size of the newest British liners, such as but what she lacked in size, she made up for in opulence. Her first class interiors were amongst the most lavish seen at sea and were decorated in style Louis quatorze earning the nickname Château or Versailles of the Atlantic.
Proud of their great achievement, the new France was not without problems; she suffered from disturbing vibrations, and had a marked tendency to roll, even when the seas were flat calm. She was withdrawn from service after just a handful of crossings to have these two serious issues addressed. She was sent to the Harland & Wolff Shipyard in Northern Ireland, where longer and wider bilge keels were fitted to her hull to reduce rolling and new propellers were fitted to reduce vibrations, making her not only more comfortable to travel aboard, but faster as well.
When World War I erupted in 1914, France was immediately requisitioned by the French Navy for use as an armed merchant cruiser and renamed France IV. Her time as a cruiser was short-lived as she was too large, burned too much coal to be of good use, and was consequently reconfigured to carry troops. On 18 June 1916, France was involved in a collision with the British destroyer in the English Channel. Eden sank with the loss of 43 officers and men, including her commander, with France rescuing the remaining 33 survivors. Later that year, she was painted white and used as a hospital ship in the Dardanelles, operating in tandem with White Star's new flagship, and Cunard's new . During her time as a hospital ship she was converted to accommodate 2,500 injured troops. When Britannic was sunk in late 1916, the need for high-capacity hospital ships was even more dire, and she continued in this role until the United States entered the war in 1917, when she was deployed back to the Atlantic to ferry American troops to the continent with space for some 5,000. In 1918, her military service was cut short by an engine room explosion that killed nine crew members and thus required extensive repairs.
The 1920s
Returned to the CGT in March 1919, her name was changed back to France, although she was kept busy repatriating American troops until that autumn. She was sent for refurbishment that winter, returning to commercial duty in early 1920. In 1921, she passed flagship status on to the newer and larger , but continued to be a popular means of travel, with a near club-like following among the wealthy. Her affluent passenger loads swayed the CGT in 1924 to convert her to an all first-class ship, save for just 150 third class berths. During the conversion, her boilers were modified to burn fuel oil rather than coal, allowing her engine room staff to be greatly reduced. She sailed without incident, crossing the Atlantic during the peak months and cruising in the winter until 1927. With the advent of the new , France was diverted almost totally to cruising.
Final years
The Great Depression sounded the death knell for the liner. Many of the millionaires she had carried over the years had been financially destroyed and the general downturn in business cut deeply into transatlantic travel. France spent more and more time idle, until she finally was withdrawn from service in 1932. Laid up at Le Havre, she sat unattended until January 1933, when a fire was discovered by a night watchman. Although it was rapidly extinguished, the fire had caused some minor damage, but by now she was outclassed by her newer running-mates. CGT had by then commissioned a new flagship, the great which was nearing completion. As a result, the company decided it was time to scrap the 21-year-old liner. On 15 April 1935, the old France departed Le Havre under her own steam to the scrappers at Dunkirk, France.
See also
Ocean liners with four funnels
List of ships of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
References
Bibliography
Miller. William H. Jr. The Great luxury liners, 1927–1954: a photographic record. Courier Dover Publications, 1981. 9780486240565
Miller. William H. Jr. The First Great Ocean Liners in Photographs. Courier Dover Publications, 1984. 9780486245744
Miller. William H. Jr. Picture History of the French Line. Courier Dover Publications, 1997. 9780486294438
Category:1910 ships
Category:Ocean liners
Category:Steamships
Category:Passenger ships of France
Category:Four funnel liners
Category:Ships built by Chantiers de l'Atlantique
Category:Ships of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
Category:Hospital ships in World War I
Category:World War I passenger ships of France
Category:World War I cruisers of France
Category:Maritime incidents in 1916
Category:Transport ships of the United States Army | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
NAPSA
Napsin-A is an aspartic proteinase that is encoded in humans by the NAPSA gene. The name napsin comes from novel aspartic proteinase of the pepsin family.
The activation peptide of an aspartic proteinase acts as an inhibitor of the active site. These peptide segments, or pro-parts, are deemed important for correct folding, targeting, and control of the activation of aspartic proteinase zymogens. The pronapsin A gene is expressed predominantly in lung and kidney. Its translation product is predicted to be a fully functional, glycosylated aspartic proteinase precursor containing an RGD motif and an additional 18 residues at its C-terminus.
Utility
Detection of NAPSA gene expression can be used to distinguish adenocarcinomas from other forms of lung cancer.
References
Further reading
Category:Human proteins | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Hard Knocks (1980 film)
Hard Knocks is a 1980 Australian film directed by Don McLennan.
Production
Director Don McLennan got the idea to make the film from a story in the newspaper about an ex-prisoner who becomes a model. He wrote a script and got the money to make a 50-minute film but decided to turn it into a feature. It was made for $35,000 and Trevor Lucas of Andromeda Films paid for post production.
References
External links
Hard Knocks at Oz Movies
Category:Australian films
Category:1980 films
Category:English-language films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Piedmont Geriatric Hospital
Piedmont Geriatric Hospital is a geriatric hospital located in the state of Virginia. It is Virginia's only state facility solely dedicated to the evaluation and treatment of persons over the age of 65 . The 123-bed geriatric hospital is located in Burkeville on the site of the former Piedmont Sanatorium. Founded in 1967, the facility employs 320 staff members and is a training site for major universities, colleges, and vocational schools in geropsychiatry and other clinical specialties.
History
The 300 acre site of PGH was originally Piedmont Sanatorium, a rest home for African Americans with tuberculosis. The Sanatorium was closed in 1965 and converted into a geriatric hospital in 1967. In 1985, PGH was accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.
In 1999, word leaked out that PGH was slated to be closed under the 1999-2000 budget of Governor George Allen. The Legislature voted to keep PGH open with funding allocated through 2000.
On November 25, 2000, the Richmond Times-Dispatch cited an administration leak that PGH would be closed by 2006. State Senator Frank Ruff speculated that the information was leaked on purpose in order to gauge the public's reaction . Local officials and the Piedmont Geriatric Association organized to oppose the closure, and the Legislature funded PGH for 2000.
In 2002, Governor Mark R. Warner proposed budget amendments to shut down PGH and Delegate Robert McDonnell introduced House Bill 995 to close Piedmont by 2007 . Nottoway Supervisor Jack Green called it the facility's most serious closure threat to date. He noted the state's desire to save money and the attractiveness of the hospital's 300 acre estate for other building projects. The bill passed after it was amended to eliminate the provision to "close Piedmont Geriatric Hospital, opened in 1967 and located in Burkeville, no earlier than July 1, 2007".
In 2004, the state Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse proposed building a facility to house 150 of Virginia's most dangerous sex offenders on PGH grounds. The facility would be self-contained and not occupy the same buildings as PGH. Reasons for selecting the Burkeville site included its proximity to Nottoway Correctional Center, which could provide backup security help, and the nearby temporary sex offenders unit in Dinwiddie, whose workers could easily transition to the new facility.
The offenders in question fall under the control of the DMHMRS, rather than the prison system, because they have completed their prison sentences but still meet the criteria for civil commitment as sexually violent predators .
Residents
PGH treats elderly persons (65+ years of age) who:
Are in need of inpatient treatment for mental illness,
Meet the requirements for voluntary or involuntary admission as determined by their mental health center, and
Do not have a medical condition that requires priority treatment in an acute care hospital.
According to PGH's facility profile, "80-90% of PGH's admissions come from a complex combination of psychiatric and physical impairments whose needs are not met in traditional medical or psychiatric settings". Many hospital residents are transferred there because of complex behavior that nursing homes are not equipped to manage . Under Virginia law, patients must be transferred out of nursing homes if they :
Present an imminent physical threat or danger to self or others,
Require continuous licensed nursing care (seven-days-a-week, 24-hours-a-day), or
Have other medical and functional care needs of residents that cannot properly be met in an assisted living facility.
Services
Music therapy
Music therapy part of the Psychosocial-Rehabilitation Department.
Music therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical interventions in order to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well-being. Music therapy works towards specific therapeutic goals and objectives. Goal areas include communicative, academic, motor, emotional, and social skills. It is important to be aware that while clients may develop their musical skills during treatment, these skills are not the primary concern of the therapist. Rather it is the effect such musical development might have on the client's physical, psychological and socio-economical functioning.
The credential Music Therapist - Board Certified (MT-BC) is granted by the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT) to identify music therapists who have demonstrated the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary to practice music therapy at the current level of the profession. The purpose of board certification in music therapy is to provide an objective national standard that can be used as a measure of professionalism by interested agencies, groups, and individuals.
Psychology
The PGH Psychology Department provides evaluations and nonpharmacological interventions for all PGH patients. Evaluations provided include neurocognitive, emotional, personality, decision-making capacity, and forensic evaluations. Interventions include, among others, individual psychotherapy, group therapy, psychoeducational sessions, and behavior planning. PGH Psychologists are also active in hospital administration, program evaluation, performance improvement, and risk management activities. Hospital research efforts are also overseen by the Psychology Department.
The Psychology Department utilizes the most current techniques available in current research literature. Department staff serve as leaders within and outside of the hospital regarding current knowledge in mental health and behavioral research, and have developed many innovative protocols and methods to optimally serve their clientele. Psychology is also involved in clinical teaching, serving as a practicum site for local doctoral and masters level programs and offering frequent seminars for community eldercare providers through Piedmont Geriatric Institute.
PGH Psychology consists of four licensed clinical psychologists, one resident in clinical psychology, and an administrative assistant.
Organization
Units
PGH's 123 residents are divided into four units of approximately 30 residents each. The staff for each unit consists of Registered Nurses, Licensed Practical Nurses, and Direct Service Associates.
Shifts
The staff are organized into day, evening, and night shifts. During the day shift, members of the physical, recreational, occupational, Psychology, and Music Therapy staff, as well as social workers and the Chaplain visit each unit. During the evening and night shifts, unit nursing coordinators and the house-nursing supervisor make rounds.
Inspectors
The facility is inspected routinely by the Office of the Inspector General. Unannounced reviews conducted between 1999 and 2004 consistently reported clean, comfortable, and well-maintained surroundings.
Notes
References
PGH Facility Profile
OIG Report #75-03, Anita S. Everett, MD, Office of the Inspector General, Feb. 4-5, 2003.
OIG Report #96-04, James W. Stewart, III, Office of the Inspector General, Mar. 9, 2004.
§ 63.2-1805. Admissions and discharge, Code of Virginia, 1993, cc. 957, 993, § 63.1-174.001; 1995, cc. 649, 844; 2000, c. 176; 2002, c. 747; 2004, c. 49.
DMHMRSAS State Facilities Information
Savvy Steward Helps Save Hospital, American Federation of State and County Municipal Employees, Winter 1999.
County Rallies Troops for Piedmont, Billy Coleburn, Courier Record, Dec. 14, 2000.
Hospital's Condition Critical, Says Nottoway Co. Supervisor, Bille Coleburn, Courier Record, Jan. 24, 2002.
Legislative Information System, Bill Tracking, HB 995, 2002 session.
State Department Wants Facility for Worst Sex Offenders, Associated Press, Jan. 14, 2004.
Office of the Inspector General for the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Substance Abuse Services, Semiannual Report, Oct. 1, 2003 - Mar. 31, 2004.
Category:Hospitals in Virginia
Category:Buildings and structures in Nottoway County, Virginia
Category:Tuberculosis sanatoria in the United States
Category:Hospitals established in 1967
Category:1967 establishments in Virginia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Afroeurydemus bimaculatus
Afroeurydemus bimaculatus is a species of leaf beetle of Ivory Coast, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, observed by Édouard Lefèvre in 1877.
References
Category:Eumolpinae
Category:Beetles of Africa
Category:Insects of West Africa
Category:Insects of Gabon
Category:Insects of the Republic of the Congo
Category:Beetles of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Category:Beetles described in 1877
Category:Taxa named by Édouard Lefèvre | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Wild Rebels
Wild Rebels is a 1967 film directed by William Grefe and starring Steve Alaimo as Rod Tillman, a stock car driver who goes undercover as the wheelman for a motorcycle gang. The tagline for the film was "They live for kicks... love for kicks... kill for kicks".
The film was featured as an episode of the Comedy Central film-mocking television series Mystery Science Theater 3000, and was released on the Collection, Volume 9 box set.
Plot
Rod Tillman (Alaimo) is a stock car driver who, after crashing his latest car in a race, is out of money and decides to quit the stock car racing scene. After selling his trailer, Rod heads to a bar, Swinger's Paradise, where he meets a group of bikers—Banjo (Willie Pastrano), Fats (Jeff Gillen), their leader Jeeter (John Vella), and their girl Linda (Bobbie Byers)—who call themselves "Satan's Angels." Banjo had recognized Rod as a stock car driver, and the group invites Rod out to their shack to discuss a business proposal. At the shack, Jeeter informs Rod that the gang is from California and they are unfamiliar with the "southern countryside" of Florida. Jeeter makes him a proposal to be their getaway driver in an upcoming robbery. Rod declines and Banjo holds him at knife-point before Jeeter allows him to leave (after Rod leaves Jeeter tells the other that he is certain Rod will reconsider "when he gets hungry").
On his way back to town, Rod is stopped in the forest by a group of police officers led by Lieutenant Dorn (Walter Philbin). After speaking to Rod, Dorn determines that they need someone skilled at driving a car as it would be easy to spot motorcycles in front of a business prior to a robbery. Since the gang's next target is unknown, Dorn recruits Rod as an uncover agent to discover their plans. In order to make sure the gang believes that Rod is genuinely interested in joining their gang, the police set Rod up in auto race in which another undercover officer runs him off the track forcing him to crash his car. Rod meets up with the gang (who had showed up at the race after seeing an article in the paper) and is allowed to join them as their future getaway driver. Rod is forced to live with the group in order to ensure he will not divulge their plans to anyone else, forcing Rod to bury handwritten messages outside and signal the nearby surveilling police with a lighter.
The gang robs a local gun store, during which the proprietor is shot, and acquires a large arsenal of weapons. Back at the hideout, Rod is made to wait outside while the details of the robbery are being discussed, and Linda is sent outside to watch him. After singing her a song - "I Like What I Know About You" - Linda reveals that she doesn't commit these crimes for financial gain, but for the thrill of the action: "kicks" as she calls it. Rod and Linda briefly kiss, but they are interrupted by Banjo and a fight breaks out from which Rod emerges victorious.
The next day, the gang reveals their target to Rod on the drive there: the Citrusville Bank. Feeling that they are being watched by police, the gang takes an offroad path to Citrusville next to the railroad tracks, losing the tailing officers in the process. The gang reaches Citrusville and the robbery commences. Waiting outside in the getaway car, Rod signals a passing police car by flashing his headlights and informs them that the bank is being robbed. Banjo, witnessing this from the bank window, kills both police officers with a shotgun and informs Jeeter than Rod had signaled them. The gang piles into the car forcing Rod to drive at gunpoint.
After a lengthy chase during which several police are shot, the getaway car's gas tank is struck by a bullet, forcing the gang to abandon the vehicle and take shelter in an abandoned lighthouse. After a protracted firefight with police, Banjo is killed when he unsuccessfully tries to escape on a police motorcycle. Fats heads up the spiral staircase to the top of the lighthouse in order to snipe police, but is shot and killed as well. Upon seeing this, Rod rushes up the staircase trying to get Fats' gun with Jeeter in pursuit. Rod is hit in the arm by a bullet, and a laughing Jeeter points his shotgun at Rod's face telling him "see you, later." Just then, a shot rings out striking Jeeter in the back. A remorseful Linda behind him is the one who fired. Jeeter falls over the staircase railing to his death, with Linda lamenting to Rod about how it was "all for kicks." Linda is subsequently arrested, and Rod and Lieutenant Dorn walk off together.
Main Cast
Steve Alaimo as Rod Tillman
Willie Pastrano as Banjo
John Vella as Jeeter
Jeff Gillen as Fats
Bobbie Byers as Linda
Walter R. Philbin as Lt. Dorn
Art Barker as The Gun Shop Owner
Bobby Brack as Race car Driver
The BirdWatchers as The Band in The Bar
Music
Songs and music, including the eponymous opening titles theme, were by Al Jacobs. The Florida garage band The Birdwatchers (Dave Chiodo Jr., Eddie Martinez, Joey Murcia, Robert Pucetti, and Sammy Hall) are shown performing the songs "And I Will" and "Can I Do It?" in the scene at Swinger's Paradise. Steve Alaimo also sings "You Don't Love Me" in the same sequence, with the Birdwatchers shown as providing backup. The song "I Like What I Know About You" is heard twice, first during a scene, and later at the film's finale.
External links
Category:1967 films
Category:Crown International Pictures films
Category:1960s crime films
Category:Outlaw biker films
Category:Films directed by William Grefe
Category:Films featured on Mystery Science Theater 3000 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Vinah, Kermanshah
Vinah (, also Romanized as Vīnah; also known as Bahārān and Vīneh-ye Bahārān) is a village in Osmanvand Rural District, Firuzabad District, Kermanshah County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 206, in 44 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Kermanshah County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Barry Galbraith
Joseph Barry Galbraith (December 18, 1919 – January 13, 1983) was an American jazz guitarist.
Galbraith moved to New York City from Vermont in the early 1940s and found work playing with Babe Russin, Art Tatum, Red Norvo, Hal McIntyre, and Teddy Powell. He played with Claude Thornhill in 1941–42 and again in 1946–49 after serving in the Army. He did a tour with Stan Kenton in 1953.
Galbraith did extensive work as a studio musician for NBC and CBS in the 1950s and 1960s; among those he played with were Miles Davis, Michel Legrand, Tal Farlow, Coleman Hawkins, George Barnes (musician), John Lewis, Hal McKusick, Oscar Peterson, Max Roach, George Russell, John Carisi, and Tony Scott. He also accompanied the singers Anita O'Day, Chris Connor, Billie Holiday, Helen Merrill, Sarah Vaughan and Dinah Washington on record. He was a mentor to Ralph Patt.
In 1961 he appeared in the film After Hours. In 1963-64 he played on Gil Evans's album The Individualism of Gil Evans, and in 1965 he appeared on Stan Getz and Eddie Sauter's soundtrack to the 1965 film Mickey One. From 1970 to 1975 he taught at CUNY and published a guitar method book in 1982. From 1976–77 Galbraith taught guitar at New England Conservatory in Boston.
Discography
As sideman
With Cannonball Adderley
Jump for Joy (EmArcy, 1958)
With Manny Albam
Brass on Fire (Solid State, 1966)
With George Barnes (musician)
Guitar Galaxies (Mercury, 1960)
Guitars Galore (Mercury, 1961)
With John Benson Brooks
Alabama Concerto (Riverside, 1958)
With Clifford Brown
Clifford Brown with Strings (EmArcy, 1955)
With Ruth Brown
Ruth Brown '65 (Mainstream, 1965)
With Jimmy Cleveland
Introducing Jimmy Cleveland and His All Stars (EmArcy, 1955)
With Al Cohn, Bill Perkins and Richie Kamuca
The Brothers! (RCA Victor, 1955)
With Freddy Cole
Waiter, Ask the Man to Play the Blues (Dot, 1964)
With Gil Evans
Into the Hot (Impulse!, 1961)
The Individualism of Gil Evans (Verve, 1964)
With Art Farmer
Last Night When We Were Young (ABC-Paramount, 1957)
Listen to Art Farmer and the Orchestra (Mercury, 1962)
With Maynard Ferguson
The Blues Roar (Mainstream, 1965)
With Curtis Fuller
Cabin in the Sky (Impulse!, 1962)
With Stan Getz
Stan Getz Plays Music from the Soundtrack of Mickey One (MGM, 1965)
With Johnny Griffin
White Gardenia (Riverside, 1961)
With Johnny Hartman
The Voice That Is! (Impulse!, 1964)
With Coleman Hawkins
The Hawk in Hi Fi (RCA Victor, 1956)
The Hawk in Paris (Vik, 1956)
The Hawk Flies High (Riverside, 1957)
Desafinado (Impulse!, 1962)
With Billie Holiday
Lady in Satin (Columbia, 1958)
With John Lee Hooker
It Serves You Right to Suffer (Impulse!, 1966)
With Milt Jackson
Ballads & Blues (Atlantic, 1956)
The Ballad Artistry of Milt Jackson (Atlantic, 1959)
Jazz 'n' Samba (Impulse!, 1964)
With J. J. Johnson
Goodies (RCA Victor, 1965)
With Hank Jones
Gigi (Golden Crest, 1958)
The Talented Touch (Capitol, 1958)
With Stan Kenton
The Kenton Era (Capitol, 1940–54, [1955])
With Steve Kuhn and Toshiko Akiyoshi
The Country and Western Sound of Jazz Pianos (Dauntless, 1963)
With John Lewis
The John Lewis Piano (Atlantic, 1957)
With Mundell Lowe
Satan in High Heels (soundtrack) (Charlie Parker, 1961)
With Gary McFarland and Clark Terry
Tijuana Jazz (Impulse!, 1965)
With Jimmy McGriff
A Bag Full of Blues (Solid State, 1967)
With Hal McKusick
In a Twentieth-Century Drawing Room (RCA Victor, 1956)
With Carmen McRae
Birds of a Feather (Decca, 1958)
With Helen Merrill
Helen Merrill with Strings (EmArcy, 1955)
You've Got a Date with the Blues (MetroJazz, 1959)
With Mark Murphy
Rah! (Riverside, 1961)
With Oliver Nelson
Impressions of Phaedra (United Artists Jazz, 1962)
Oliver Nelson Plays Michelle (Impulse!, 1966)
With Joe Newman
Salute to Satch (RCA Victor, 1956)
With Anita O'Day
All the Sad Young Men (Verve, 1962)
With Jackie Paris
The Song Is Paris (Impulse!, 1962)
With Paul Quinichette
Moods (EmArcy, 1954)
With George Russell
The Jazz Workshop (RCA Victor, 1957)
New York, N.Y. (Decca, 1959)
Jazz in the Space Age (Decca, 1960)
With Shirley Scott
Everybody Loves a Lover (Impulse!, 1964)
Great Scott!! (Impulse!, 1964)
With Jimmy Smith
Hoochie Coochie Man (1966)
With Rex Stewart and Cootie Williams
Porgy & Bess Revisited (Warner Bros., 1959)
With Sonny Stitt
The Matadors Meet the Bull (Roulette, 1965)
With Gábor Szabó
Gypsy '66 (Impulse!, 1966)
With Jack Teagarden
Think Well of Me (Verve, 1962)
With Clark Terry and Chico O'Farrill
Spanish Rice (Impulse!, 1966)
With The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra
Central Park North (Solid State, 1969)
With Stanley Turrentine
Always Something There (Blue Note, 1968)
With Dinah Washington
For Those in Love (EmArcy, 1955)
With Cootie Williams
Cootie Williams in Hi-Fi (RCA Victor, 1958)
With Kai Winding
Dance to the City Beat (Columbia, 1959)
With Sheila Jordan
Portrait of Sheila (Blue Note, 1962)
References
[ Barry Galbraith] at Allmusic
Category:1919 births
Category:1983 deaths
Category:American jazz educators
Category:American jazz guitarists
Category:American session musicians
Category:City College of New York faculty
Category:New England Conservatory faculty
Category:Musicians from Pittsburgh
Category:20th-century American guitarists
Category:Guitarists from Pennsylvania
Category:American male guitarists
Category:American military personnel of World War II
Category:Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
Category:20th-century American male musicians
Category:Male jazz musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Ciro Guerra
Ciro Guerra (born 6 February 1981) is a Colombian film director and screenwriter. He is best known for his 2015 film Embrace of the Serpent, the film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards.
Career
He made his first film Wandering Shadows in 2004 at the age of 23. The film was selected as Colombian submission for Best Foreign Language Film at the 78th Academy Awards, however it was not nominated. His next film The Wind Journeys competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and was selected as Colombian submission for Best Foreign Language Film at the 82nd Academy Awards; it also was not selected.
His 2015 film Embrace of the Serpent was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, where it won the C.I.C.A.E. Award. It won the Best Film award in the International Film Festivals of Odessa and Lima, where it also received a special prize by the Critics Jury. The film was also among the nominees for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards, being the first Colombian film ever to be nominated.
On 22 November 2017, Netflix ordered the limited series Green Frontier to production. Green Frontier is based on an original idea from Diego Ramírez Schrempp and Jenny Ceballos of Dynamo Producciones. Guerra is credited as an executive producer of the series, alongside, Diego Ramírez Schrempp, Andrés Calderón, Jorge Dorado and Cristian Conti. The series was directed by Guerra, Laura Mora Ortega and Jacques Toulemonde Vidal and written by Mauricio Leiva-Cock, Antón Goenechea, Camila Brugrés, Gibrán Portela, Javier Peñalosa, María Camila Arias, Natalia Santa and Nicolás Serrano. The miniseries premiered on Netflix on 16 August 2019.
In 2018, Guerra released his fourth feature film, Birds of Passage. Filmed in La Guajira Desert, Colombia, Guerra states that it is "like a gangster film, but something completely different from any gangster film that you have ever seen".
Guerra will make his Hollywood debut directing an adaptation of the dystopian adventure book The Detainee by Peter Liney, which will be written by Grant Myers. Guerra is working on another film: an adaptation of J. M. Coetzee's novel Waiting for the Barbarians, starring Mark Rylance.
Personal life
Guerra was married to his longtime producer Cristina Gallego. The couple divorced during the filming of Birds of Passage which they co-directed.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Ciro Guerra at Proimágenes
Category:1981 births
Category:Living people
Category:Colombian film directors
Category:Colombian screenwriters
Category:Silver Condor Award for Best Ibero-American Film winners | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Starzinger
, also known as Force Five: Spaceketeers in the United States, is an anime series that aired in Japan from 1978 to 1979. In the United States, it was referred to as Spaceketeers and was part of Jim Terry's Force Five series. In the United Kingdom, it was referred to as Sci-Bots on VHS releases. In Latin America, it was known as El Galáctico.
Story
The story revolves around the Princess of the Moon, Aurora and her three cyborg companions (Kugo, Djorgo, and Hakka) who must travel to the Great King planet and restore the Galaxy Energy in the year 2072. The universe was becoming more and more unbalanced as the Queen of the Great Planet grows older. Their adventure includes battling the starmen who are transformed from the unbalanced minerals and planets.
Concept
Starzinger was essentially a sci-fi space opera retelling of the shenmo fantasy novel Journey to the West, a Chinese literary classic written by the Ming dynasty novelist Wu Cheng'en. The sci-fi twists were designed by Leiji Matsumoto based on the Terebi Magazine manga with art by Gosaku Ohta.
Characters
Production
The series was produced by Toei Animation. Production staff include:
Directors: Yugo Seirikawa, Kozo Morishita, Kazumi Fukushima
Creator: Leiji Matsumoto
Screenwriters: Tatsuo Tamura, Mitsuru Majima, Sukehiro Tomita
Character Designs: Masami Suda
Animators: Masami Suda, Satoshi Jinguu
Music: Shunsuke Kikuchi
Adaptations
In March 1979, a movie was aired reusing footage from the first segment of the series. The movie was more or less a summary.
The last nine episodes of the actual series was re-branded as "SF Saiyūki Starzinger II", though when shown outside Japan it was treated as one continuous series. It was never intended to be anything more than re-marketing of the last few episodes, since it was aired immediately after the first sixty-four episodes were shown in June 1979. The 65th episode began instantly in July 1979 with all the galactic energy restored in the storyline.
Media
A total of 73 episodes of Sci-Fi West Saga Starzinger were broadcast in Japan.
Starzinger was aired in the early 1980s in Latin America under the name of El Galáctico (The Galactic), as part of the four-series show "Festival de Robots", which translates to "Festival of Robots". The other shows were "Steel Jeeg", "Gaiking", and "Magne Robo Gakeen". Only 47 episodes of the original 73 were dubbed and aired. This version of the series never reached their conclusion. The Spanish theme song of "El Galáctico" was composed and sung by Chilean singer Memo Aguirre (Capitán Memo). In 2008 the Chilean company SeriesTV edit a set of 24 DVD with Festival de los Robots episodes. This set includes 24 episodes of "El Galactico" with the original Spanish dubbing.
In North America, it was aired as "Spaceketeers" as part of the package show Force Five. As the Journey to the West story is not well known in the region, the characters were renamed to reference the Three Musketeers. To also fit into the Force Five time slot, the show had to be edit-squeezed into 26 episodes. The U.S. version puts them on a mission to the Dekos Star System, which contained evil powers changing peaceful creatures to evil mutants. The Force Five version not only just produced 26 episodes, but this English language version of the series never reached their conclusion.
Twenty-four episodes of the original 73 also aired in Scandinavia (mainly in Sweden) under the original name Starzinger. A listing of what episodes were cut out can be found at: Warfists Starzinger site in the episode section. The Swedish language version of the series reached their conclusion.
Episode list
Home Media
VHS
United Kingdom:
DVD
Japan: On 25 January 2008 TOHO released a six disc DVD box-set.
Latin America: On 28 July 2008 SeriesTv released "El Festival de los Robots" onto DVD.
USA: On 20 August 2013 Shout! Factory released "Starzinger: The Movie Collection" onto DVD.
References
External links
Official page of Starzinger I
Review of Sci-Bots
Category:1978 anime television series
Category:1979 anime films
Category:1979 manga
Category:Action anime and manga
Category:Fictional kings
Category:Fictional princes
Category:Fictional princesses
Category:Fictional queens
Category:Fuji Television shows
Category:Japanese films
Category:Japanese animated science fiction films
Category:Manga series
Category:Science fiction anime and manga
Category:Television series set in the 2070s
Category:Television series set in the future
Category:Works based on Journey to the West
Category:Animated space adventure television series
Category:Toei Animation television
Category:Toei Animation films
Category:1970s Japanese television series | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Thomas Chapais
Sir Joseph Amable Thomas Chapais, (March 23, 1858 – July 15, 1946) was a French Canadian author, editor, historian, journalist, professor, and politician.
Born in Saint-Denis, Quebec (then Canada East), the son of Jean-Charles Chapais, a Father of Canadian Confederation, and Henriette-Georgina Dionne, he received a bachelor's degree in 1876 from Université Laval and was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1879.
From 1879 to 1884, he was the Principal Secretary to the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, Théodore Robitaille. Turning to journalism, he became the Editor-in-Chief of the daily newspaper, Le Courrier du Canada in 1884 and from 1890 to 1901 was the owner. From 1907 to 1934, he was a Professor of History at Université Laval.
In 1891, he ran unsuccessfully as a Conservative for the House of Commons of Canada in the riding of Kamouraska. He was appointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1892 representing Laurentides. From 1893 to 1894, he was the Leader of the Government. In 1893, he was appointed Minister without Portfolio in the cabinet of Louis-Olivier Taillon. From 1895 to 1897, he was the Speaker of the Legislative Council. From 1896 to 1897, he was the President of the Executive Council in the cabinet of Edmund James Flynn and was a Cabinet Minister. In 1917, he refused a seat in the Senate but was summoned to the Senate in 1919. A Conservative, he represented the senatorial division of Grandville, Quebec and served until his death in 1946.
From 1936 to 1939 and again from 1944 to 1946, he was the leader of the government in the Legislative Council. From 1936 to 1938, he was a Minister without Portfolio in the cabinet of Maurice Duplessis. He was appointed again in 1944.
In 1912, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and was its President from 1923 to 1924. From 1925 to 1926, he was the President of the Canadian Historical Association. In 1930, he was a member of the Canadian delegation to the League of Nations. In 1935, he was made a Knight Bachelor by George V.
Parc Thomas-Chapais in Montreal is named in his honour.
Chapais, Quebec is named for him.
Published works
Congrégations enseignantes et le brevet de capacité (1893)
Discours et conférences (1895)
le Serment du roi (1901)
Jean Talon, intendant de la Nouvelle-France (1904)
Mélanges de polémique et d'études religieuses, politiques et littéraires (1905)
le Marquis de Montcalm (1911)
Mélanges (1915)
Cours d'histoire du Canada'', 1760-1867 (1919)
See also
Université Laval
References
External links
Category:1858 births
Category:1946 deaths
Category:Academics in Quebec
Category:Canadian male non-fiction writers
Category:Canadian senators from Quebec
Category:Canadian writers in French
Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) candidates in the 1891 Canadian federal election
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) senators
Category:Journalists from Quebec
Category:Canadian Knights Bachelor
Category:Presidents of the Legislative Council of Quebec
Category:Conservative Party of Quebec MLCs
Category:Historians from Quebec
Category:Université Laval alumni
Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Category:19th-century Canadian historians
Category:20th-century Canadian historians
Category:Université Laval faculty | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Harmon House
Harmon House may refer to:
Places and structures
United States
(by state, then city)
Celora Stoddard/Lon Harmon House, Phoenix, Arizona, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Maricopa County
Harmon–McNeil House, Santa Ana, California, listed on the NRHP in Orange County
Southwick-Harmon House, Sarasota, Florida, NRHP-listed
John C. Harmon House, Topeka, Kansas, listed on the NRHP in Shawnee County
Fitzpatrick–Harmon House, Prestonsburg, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Floyd County
William Harmon House (Miles City, Montana), NRHP-listed
William Harmon House (Lima, New York), NRHP-listed
Francis E. Harmon House, Ashtabula, Ohio, listed on the NRHP in Ashtabula County
Harmon–Neils House, Portland, Oregon, NRHP-listed
Oliver John Harmon House, Price, Utah, listed on the NRHP in Carbon County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Bhakkar
Bhakkar (), is the principal city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of the Indus river.
Administration
Bhakkar city is also the administrative centre of Bhakkar Tehsil one of the four tehsils of the district. Bhakkar Tehsil is subdivided into 17 union councils, three of which form the city of Bhakkar.
History
Bhakkar was founded probably towards the close of the fifteenth century by a group of colonists from Dera Ismail Khan. During the 15th century, Bhakkar saw a struggle for power between Sher Shah Suri and Humayun. It came under Humayun's rule after he restored back the Mughal empire and he appointed Khan Khanan as the governor of the city alongside Multan, as Multan was a province during Mughal empire which included the city of Bhakkar in it.
Fray Sebastian Manrique, a 17th-century traveller, travelled to this city in 1641 and described it as the capital of a Kingdom of Bhakkar.
British rule
During British rule Bhakkar Town was part of Bhakkar tehsil of Mianwali District. It was located on the left bank of Indus River and was on the North-Western Railway line.
The Imperial Gazetteer of India described the town as follows:
Places to Visit
Dilkusha Bagh
There is an Old Date Orchard, locally known as 'Dilkusha Bagh' which is believed by some to be a Mughal garden built by Humayun, however Humayun never visited the area, on his retreat to Iran, he went to another Bakhar in Sindh to seek help from Mahmood Khan, which was however denied by historian Henry Raverty.
Notable people
Rasheed Akbar Khan Nawani (political person)
Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan Dhandla (political person)
References
Bibliography
External links
Category:Populated places in Bhakkar District
Category:Cities in Punjab (Pakistan) | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Derrick Watkins
Derrick Watkins (born 15 March 1983) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the Redcliffe Dolphins in the Queensland Rugby League.
He previously played for the North Queensland Cowboys and the Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League (NRL).
Background
Watkins was born in Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia.
Playing career
Watkins made his first grade debut for North Queensland in Round 19 2002 against Canberra. In 2008, Watkins joined Brisbane and played 4 games for the club.
His last game in first grade was a 24-20 loss against St George in Round 23 2008.
Watkins was eligible to play for Wales and Australia.
References
External links
Redcliffe Dolphins profile
Brisbane Broncos profile
Moon Named In Centres
Category:1983 births
Category:Australian rugby league players
Category:Indigenous Australian rugby league players
Category:Australian people of Welsh descent
Category:North Queensland Cowboys players
Category:Brisbane Broncos players
Category:Australian Aboriginal rugby league team players
Category:Redcliffe Dolphins players
Category:Rugby league second-rows
Category:People from Mount Isa
Category:Living people
Category:Rugby league players from Queensland | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Karl-Walter Böhm
Karl-Walter Böhm (6 June 1938 – 1 June 2000) was a German opera singer (heldentenor).
Career
In 1974 he sang Max in Weber's Der Freischütz at the Portland Opera. From 1975 to 1977 he appeared four times at the Vienna State Opera.
Some recordings
Herod in Salome (conducted by Herbert von Karajan) – HMV-Electrola
The title role in Rienzi (highlights) – Eurodisc
References
External links
Discography on Discogs
Böhm, Karl-Walter on LMU
Category:1938 births
Category:2000 deaths
Category:People from Nuremberg
Category:German operatic tenors
Category:Heldentenors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Elgin Albert Munro
Elgin Albert Munro (11 October 1874 – 17 June 1931) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Iroquois, Ontario, and became a farmer.
He was elected to Parliament at the Fraser Valley riding in the 1921 general election. After serving his only federal term, the 14th Canadian Parliament, Munro was defeated by Harry James Barber of the Conservatives in the 1925 federal election.
External links
Category:1874 births
Category:1931 deaths
Category:Farmers from Ontario
Category:Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division I
The 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championship Division I was played in two groups of six teams each. In each group the first-placed team is promoted to a higher level, while the last-placed team is relegated to a lower level. This year, for the first time, the winner of Group B is promoted to Group A and the winner of Group A is promoted to the next year's top division. Previously the winners of both groups were promoted to the top division.
Division I A
The Division I A tournament was played in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from 11 to 17 December 2011.
Participants
Final standings
Results
Top 10 scorers
Goaltending leaders
(minimum 40% team's total ice time)
IIHF Best Players awards
Goaltender: Mathias Niederberger
Defenceman: Konrad Abeltshauser
Forward: Sondre Olden
Division I A Champion
Division I B
The Division I B tournament was played in Tychy, Poland, from 12 to 18 December 2011.
Participants
Final standings
Results
Top 10 scorers
Goaltending leaders
(minimum 40% team's total ice time)
IIHF Best Players awards
Goaltender: Pavel Poluektov
Defenceman: Aziz Baazzi
Forward: Borna Rendulic
Division I B Champion
References
External links
IIHF.com
I
Category:World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division I
World
Category:International ice hockey competitions hosted by Germany
Category:International ice hockey competitions hosted by Poland
World | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Lilac Serenade
The Lilac Serenade is the debut album by post-hardcore band Of Blessings and Burdens. It was recorded around the time the band had changed their name from Substatic to OBAB. Shortly before the album being recorded, Dave Marcus joined replacing then Guitarist, Josh Mann who had recently left the band.
Track listing
Personnel
Ryan Tyree – Vocals/Guitar
Dave Marcus – Vocals/Guitar
Chris Richardson – Drums
Jack Strong – Bass
Category:Of Blessings and Burdens albums
Category:2003 debut albums | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kadavu
Kadavu may refer to:
Kadavu Island, the fourth largest island in Fiji
Kadavu Group, an archipelago in Fiji including Kadavu Island
Kadavu Province, a province of Fiji including Kadavu Group
Kadavu Airport or Vunisea Airport, an airport on Kadavu Island
Kadavu (film) (English: The Ferry), a 1991 Indian Malayalam film
Kadavu is also known as the goat island | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Luis Bush
Luis Bush is an Argentina-born Christian leader and international facilitator of Transform World Connections based in Singapore.
Early life
Bush was born in Argentina, but was raised in Brazil. In 1970 he graduated from the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, N.C. in economics and worked in Business Consulting for an Arthur Andersen Consulting in Chicago before deciding in 1973 to devote his life to Christian ministry. After his graduation from theological seminary in 1978, he traveled to San Salvador, along with his wife Doris, to serve at the Iglesia Nazaret as senior pastor. Bush led the movement of missions called COMIBAM from Latin America during its initial phase and later served as CEO of Partners International from 1986 to 1992, an organization that seeks to grow communities of Christian witnesses in largely non-Christian areas by partnering with indigenous Christian ministries. He served as the international director of the AD2000 & Beyond Movement from 1989-2001.
The 10/40 Window & Transform World
He and his wife Doris coined the term 10/40 Window which focused on the region of the world with greatest human suffering combined with least exposure to Christianity. Transform World was the name given to the first global event in Indonesia in 2005 when Luis was asked to serve as international facilitator for other related events processes. Transform World Connections exists to build a community of servant-catalysts engaged in God’s mission of transformation that results in the healing and blessing of the nations.
4/14 Window
Luis Bush also champions the term 4/14 Window which is a child evangelism movement term. The 4/14 Window is a global Christian mission movement focused on delivering children between the ages of 4 and 14 years old from oppression, deception, depression and destruction. The goal is to raise up the 4/14 generation to experience the abundant life Jesus promised (John 10:10); to be freed from spiritual, mental, physical, relational, economic, and social poverty; to harness their immense potential and to change the world.
Later studies
Bush completed a PhD in Intercultural Studies from Fuller Theological Seminary School of Intercultural Studies in 2003. The study of catalytic antecedents of today’s mission led to a World Inquiry conducted from 2002 to 2004 involving participants from more than 700 cities.
References
External links
The 10/40 Window by Luis Bush
AD2000 & Beyond Movement
Transform World 2020
4/14 Window
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
Category:Living people
Category:American Protestant missionaries
Category:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Category:American expatriates in El Salvador
Category:Protestant missionaries in El Salvador
Category:Argentine emigrants to the United States | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lodi dynasty
The Lodi dynasty was an Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1451 to 1526. It was the last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi when he replaced the Sayyid dynasty.
Bahlul Lodi
Bahlul Khan Lodi () was the nephew and son-in-law of Malik Sultan Shah Lodi, the governor of Sirhind in (Punjab), India and succeeded him as the governor of Sirhind during the reign of Sayyid dynasty ruler Muhammad Shah. Muhammad Shah raised him to the status of an Tarun-Bin-Sultan. He was the most powerful of the Punjab chiefs and a vigorous leader, holding together a loose confederacy of Afghan and Turkish chiefs with his strong personality. He reduced the turbulent chiefs of the provinces to submission and infused some vigour into the government. After the last Sayyid ruler of Delhi, Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah voluntarily abdicated in favour of him, Bahlul Khan Lodi ascended the throne of the Delhi sultanate on 19 April 1451. The most important event of his reign was the conquest of Jaunpur. Bahlul spent most of his time in fighting against the Sharqi dynasty and ultimately annexed it. He placed his eldest surviving son Barbak on the throne of Jaunpur in 1486.
Sikandar Lodi
Sikandar Lodi () (born Nizam Khan), the second son of Bahlul, succeeded him after his death on 17 July 1489 and took up the title Sikandar Shah. He was nominated by his father to succeed him and was crowned sultan on 15 July 1489. He founded Agra in 1504 and built mosques. He shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra. He abolished corn duties and patronized trade and commerce. He was a poet of repute, composing under the pen-name of Gulruk. He was also patron of learning and ordered Sanskrit work in medicine to be translated into Persian. He curbed the individualistic tendencies of his Pashtun nobles and compelled them to submit their accounts to state audit. He was, thus, able to infuse vigor and discipline in the administration. His greatest achievement was the conquest and annexation of Bihar.
Ibrahim Lodi
Ibrahim Lodi (), the youngest son of Sikandar, was the last Lodi Sultan of Delhi. He had the qualities of an excellent warrior, but he was rash and impolitic in his decisions and actions. His attempt at royal absolutism was premature and his policy of sheer repression unaccompanied by measures to strengthen the administration and increase the military resources was sure to prove a failure. Ibrahim faced numerous rebellions and kept out the opposition for almost a decade. He was engaged in warfare with the Afghans and the Mughal Empire for most of his reign and died trying to keep the Lodi Dynasty from annihilation. Ibrahim was defeated in 1526 at the Battle of Panipat. This marked the end of the Lodi Dynasty and the rise of the Mughal Empire in India led by Babur ().
Fall of the empire
By the time Ibrahim ascended the throne, the political structure in the Lodi Dynasty had dissolved due to abandoned trade routes and the depleted treasury. The Deccan was a coastal trade route, but in the late fifteenth century the supply lines had collapsed. The decline and eventual failure of this specific trade route resulted in cutting off supplies from the coast to the interior, where the Lodi empire resided. The Lodi Dynasty was not able to protect itself if warfare were to break out on the trade route roads; therefore, they didn't use those trade routes, thus their trade declined and so did their treasury leaving them vulnerable to internal political problems. In order to take revenge of the insults done by Ibrahim, the governor of Lahore, Daulat Khan Lodi asked the ruler of Kabul, Babur to invade his kingdom. Ibrahim Lodi was thus killed in a battle with Babur. With the death of Ibrahim Lodi, the Lodi dynasty also came to an end.
Afghan factionalism
Another problem Ibrahim faced when he ascended the throne in 1517 were the Pashtun nobles, some of whom supported Ibrahim's older brother, Jalaluddin, in taking up arms against his brother in the area in the east at Jaunpur. Ibrahim gathered military support and defeated his brother by the end of the year. After this incident, he arrested those Pashtun nobles who opposed him and appointed his own men as the new administrators. Other Pashtun nobles supported the governor of Bihar, Dariya Khan, against Ibrahim.
Another factor that caused uprisings against Ibrahim was his lack of an apparent successor. His own uncle, Alam Khan, betrayed Ibrahim by supporting the Mughal invader Babur.
Rajput invasions and internal rebellions
Rana Sanga, the Hindu Rajput leader of Mewar (), extended his kingdom, defeated the Lodi king of Delhi and was acknowledged by all the Rajput clans as the leading prince of Rajputana. Daulat Khan, the governor of Punjab region asked Babur to invade the Lodi kingdom, with the thought of taking revenge from Ibrahim Lodi. Rana Sanga also offered his support to Babur to defeat Ibrahim Lodi.
Battle of Panipat, 1526
After being assured of the cooperation of Alam Khan and Daulat Khan, Governor of the Punjab, Babur gathered his army. Upon entering the Punjab plains, Babur's chief allies, namely Langar Khan Niazi advised Babur to engage the powerful Janjua Rajputs to join his conquest. The tribe's rebellious stance to the throne of Delhi was well known. Upon meeting their chiefs, Malik Hast (Asad) and Raja Sanghar Khan, Babur made mention of the Janjua's popularity as traditional rulers of their kingdom and their ancestral support for his patriarch Emir Timur during his conquest of Hind. Babur aided them in defeating their enemies, the Gakhars in 1521, thus cementing their alliance. Babur employed them as Generals in his campaign for Delhi, the conquest of Rana Sanga and the conquest of India.
The new usage of guns allowed small armies to make large gains on enemy territory. Small parties of skirmishers who had been dispatched simply to test enemy positions and tactics, were making inroads into India. Babur, however, had survived two revolts, one in Kandahar and another in Kabul, and was careful to pacify the local population after victories, following local traditions and aiding widows and orphans.
Despite both being Sunni Muslims, Babur wanted Ibrahim's power and territory. Babur and his army of 24,000 men marched to the battlefield at Panipat armed with muskets and artillery. Ibrahim prepared for battle by gathering 100,000 men (well-armed but with no guns) and 1,000 elephants. Ibrahim was at a disadvantage because of his outmoded infantry and internecine rivalries. Even though he had more men, he had never fought in a war against gunpowder weapons and he did not know what to do strategically. Babur pressed his advantage from the start and Ibrahim perished on the battlefield in April 1526, along with 20,000 of his men.
Accession of Babur and the Mughals
After Ibrahim's death, Babur named himself emperor over Ibrahim's territory, instead of placing Alam Khan (Ibrahim's uncle) on the throne. Ibrahim's death marked the end of the Lodi dynasty and led to the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India. The remaining Lodi territories were absorbed into the new Mughal Empire. Babur continued to engage in more military campaigns.
Mahmud Lodi
Ibrahim Lodi's brother, Mahmud Lodi, declared himself Sultan and continued to resist Mughal forces. He provided 10,000 Afghan soldiers to Rana Sanga in Battle of Khanwa. After the defeat, Mahmud Lodi fled eastwards and again posed a challenge to Babur two years later at the Battle of Ghaghra
Religion
Like their predecessors, the Lodhi Sultans stylized themselves as the deputies of the Abbasid Caliphs, and thus acknowledged the fictional authority of a united Caliphate over the Muslim World. They provided cash stipends and granted revenue-free lands (including entire villages) to the Muslim ulama, the Sufi shaikhs, the claimed descendants of Muhammad, and the members of his Quraysh tribe.
The Muslim subjects of the Lodis were required to pay the zakat tax for religious merit, and the non-Muslims were required to pay the jizya tax for receiving state protection. In some parts of the Sultanate, the Hindus were required to pay an additional pilgrimage tax. Nevertheless, several Hindu officers formed a part of the Sultanate's revenue administration.
Sikandar Lodi, whose mother was a Hindu, resorted to strong Sunni orthodoxy to prove his Islamic credentials as a political expediency. He destroyed Hindu temples, and under the pressure from the ulama, allowed the execution of a Brahman who declared Hinduism to be as veracious as Islam. He also banned women from visiting the mazars (mausoleums) of Muslim saints, and banned the annual procession of the spear of the legendary Muslim martyr Salar Masud. He also established sharia courts in several towns with significant Muslim population, enabling the qazis to administer the Islamic law to Muslim as well as non-Muslim subjects.
See also
Lodi (Pashtun tribe)
Lodi Gardens
Notes
Further reading
External links
A History of Sind, Volume II, Translated from Persian Books by Mirza Kalichbeg Fredunbeg, chpt. 68
Coin Gallery - Lodhi Dynasty
Category:States and territories established in 1451
Category:15th century in India
Category:Delhi Sultanate | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
North Star cherry
The North Star cherry is a sour cherry tree. A dwarf cultivar, it typically grows 8 to 10 feet tall.
Developed by the University of Minnesota, (the "North Star State"), it is self-pollinizing (meaning only one tree is necessary). Cold-resistant, it is a heavy producer of mahogany-red, medium-sized fruit. In recent years, it has become a popular cherry variety for yards and gardens, as well as home cooking.
References
Category:Cherry cultivars
Category:Sour cherries | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
En ganske almindelig pige
En ganske almindelig pige is a 1940 Danish family film directed by Lau Lauritzen Jr. and Alice O'Fredericks.
Cast
Lau Lauritzen Jr. as Filmjournalist Poul Hansen
Ib Schønberg as Kriminalreporter Lassen
Sigrid Horne-Rasmussen as Redaktør Frederikke
Bodil Kjer as Tove Jørgensen
Gerda Neumann as Grete
Clara Østø as Frk. Stjerneborg
Ulrik Neumann as Grete's bror Peter
Helge Kjærulff-Schmidt as Bogholder Thomsen
Gunnar Lauring as Filminstruktør Højer
Jon Iversen as Direktør for 'Bio Film'
Tut Kragh as Skuespillerinde Else Lund
Helga Frier asLassens tante
External links
Category:1940 films
Category:Danish films
Category:Danish-language films
Category:Danish black-and-white films
Category:Films directed by Lau Lauritzen Jr.
Category:Films directed by Alice O'Fredericks
Category:1940s drama films
Category:Danish drama films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lady Luck (rapper)
Shanell Jones (born December, 7th 1983), better known by her stage name Lady Luck, is an American hip hop rapper from Englewood, New Jersey.
Luck signed a five-album record deal with Def Jam worth between half a million and a million dollars at the age of 17 on the strength of several freestyles that she did for New York radio station WQHT-FM. Luck was the subject of a feature in The New Yorker and a series of articles in The Source, which ran monthly installments on her career.
Lady Luck was featured in the 2000 documentary film of Jay-Z's 1999 tour, Backstage.
She is currently a cast member on the reality show First Family of HipHop & engaged to Entrepreneur Somaya Reece.
Discography
Mixtapes
Singles
As featured artist
Filmography
Television
References
External links
Lady Luck at discogs.com
Lady Luck Are We There Yet
Instagram Page
Remy Ma Vs. Lady Luck Rap Battle
Category:1983 births
Category:American female rappers
Category:African-American female rappers
Category:Def Jam Recordings artists
Category:Living people
Category:People from Englewood, New Jersey
Category:Rappers from New Jersey
Category:Songwriters from New Jersey
Category:21st-century American rappers
Category:21st-century American women musicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Cryphia fascia
Cryphia fascia is a species of owlet moth in the family Noctuidae.
The MONA or Hodges number for Cryphia fascia is 9288.
References
Further reading
Category:Cryphia
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot
Category:Moths described in 1903 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Lanny Fite
Lanny E. Fite (born c. 1950) is a retired county judge for Saline County, Arkansas, who is a Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives for District 23.
In 2014, he was elected without opposition to succeed the term-limited Ann Clemmer, a fellow Republican who instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives for Arkansas's 2nd congressional district. In his first term in office, Fite
serves on the House committees of (1) Revenue and Tax Committee, (2) State Agencies and Governmental Affairs Committee, and (3) the Legislative Council.
Fite graduated from Benton High School in Benton, the seat of government of Saline County. He is a member of Lions International and the Baptist Church. In 2011, he received the Professional of the Year Award from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. In 2001, he was the "Benton Citizen of the Year." He formerly lived in North Little Rock, Cabot, and Lonoke, Arkansas.
In February 2015, Fite joined dozens of his fellow Republicans and two Democrats in co-sponsoring legislation submitted by Representative Lane Jean of Magnolia, to reduce unemployment compensation benefits. The measure was promptly signed into law by Governor Asa Hutchinson.
References
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:Benton High School (Arkansas) alumni
Category:Members of the Arkansas House of Representatives
Category:County judges in Arkansas
Category:Arkansas Republicans
Category:People from Benton, Arkansas
Category:Baptists from Arkansas
Category:21st-century American politicians | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
List of villages in Parner taluka
__NOTOC__
There are around 131 villages in Parner tehsil of Ahmednagar district of state of Maharashtra. Following is the list of villages in Parner tehsil.
A
Akkalwadi
Alkuti
Apadhup
Astagaon
B
Babhulwade
Baburdi
Bhalwani
Bhandgaon
Bhondre
Bhoyare Gangarda
C
Chincholi
Chombhut
D
Daithane Gunjal
Darodi
Desawade
Devibhoaire
Dhawalpuri
Dhoki
Dhotre Bk
Diksal
G
Ganji Bhoyare
Gargundi
Garkhindi
Gatewadi
Ghanegaon
Goregaon
Gunaore
Gadilgaon
H
Hanga
Hattalkhindi
Hiware Korda
Handewada
J
Jadhvawadi
Jamgaon
Jategaon
Jawala
K
Kadus
Kakane Wadi
Kalas
Kalkup
Kanhur Pathar
Karandi
Karegaon
Karjule Harya
Kasare
Katalwedha
Khadakwadi
Kinhi
Kohkadi
Kurund
KALEWADI
L
Loni Haveli
Lonimawala
M
Mahskewadi
Malkup
Mandave Kd
Mawale Wadi
Mhasane
Mungashi
N
Nandur Pathar
Narayan Gawhan
Nighoj
P
Pabal
Padali Aale
Padali Darya
Padali Kanhur
Padali Ranjangaon
Palashi
Palspur
Palwe Bk
Palwe Kd
Panoli
Parner
Patharwadi
Pimpalgaon Rotha
Pimpalgaon Turk
Pimpalner
Pimpri Gawali
Pimpri Jalsen
Pimpri Pathar
Pokhari
Punewadi
R
Raitale
Ralegan Siddhi
Ralegan Therpal
Randhe
Ranjangaon Mashid
Renwadi
Rui Chattrapati
S
Sangvi Surya
Sarola Adwai
Sawargaon
Shanjapur
Sherikasare
Shirapur
Sidheshwar Wadi
Supa
T
Takali Dhokeshwar
Tikhol
Taralwadi
V
Vesdare
Viroli
W
Wadegawhan
Wadgaon Amali
Wadgaon Darya
Wadgaon Savtal
Wadner Bk
Wadner Haveli
Wadule
Wadzire
Waghunde Bk
Waghunde Kd
Walwane
Wankute
Wasunde
Y
Yadavwadi
See also
Parner tehsil
Tehsils in Ahmednagar
Villages in Akole tehsil
Villages in Jamkhed tehsil
Villages in Karjat tehsil
Villages in Kopargaon tehsil
Villages in Nagar tehsil
Villages in Nevasa tehsil
Villages in Pathardi tehsil
Villages in Rahata tehsil
Villages in Rahuri tehsil
Villages in Sangamner tehsil
Villages in Shevgaon tehsil
Villages in Shrigonda tehsil
Villages in Shrirampur tehsil
References
Parner | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Mark McCormick (judge)
Mark McCormick (born April 23, 1933 in Des Moines) is a former Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court from April 12, 1972 to January 31, 1986, appointed from Polk County, Iowa.
External links
Iowa Judicial Branch Past Iowa Supreme Court Justices page for Mark McCormick (judge)
Category:Iowa Supreme Court justices
Category:Living people
Category:1933 births
Category:Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Marlena Spieler
Marlena Spieler (born 16 April 1949) is a food writer of more than 70 cookbooks. She formerly contributed for the Bon Appétit, Saveur and for the San Francisco Chronicle award-winning food column "The Roving Feast."
Early life
Spieler was born in Sacramento, California. As a student, she started drawing recipes while she attended an art school. Her life interest was focused on cooking, tasting, and sharing stories about food.
Career
Spieler's publications is based on cooking, eating and sharing. As a food writer, she was the former Roving Feast columnist for The San Francisco Chronicle. She also works for radio and T.V. shows. She has written over 70 cookbooks. Spieler's book, "The Classic Barbecue and Grill Cookbook was a #1 best-seller in the UK. After writing "Yummy Potatoes," she was invited as an ambassador to the high Andes of Peru for the 2008 UN Year of Potato conference.
Awards and recognitions
Spieler received the James Beard for two book and one newspaper column, the Guild of Food Writers Awards twice(UK best radio food broadcaster of the year), and the Association of Food Journalists (USA:Best Column in Newspaper of Over 400,000 circulation) twice, for radio presenting and publications. Her book "Feeding Friends" won the International Cookbook Award in Perigueux, France in 2000, and the "Jewish Heritage Cooking" book was honored in the Loire Valley in 2003, by a Special Jury Award at World Gourmand Book Awards.
Family
Spieler currently resides in Britain with her husband Alan.
Selected publications
1997 The Vegetarian Bistro: 250 Authentic French Regional Recipes
2002 Williams-Sonoma Collection: Vegetable
2002 The Jewish Heritage Cookbook
2003 Classic Home Cooking by Marlena Spieler, Mary Frances Berry
2004 Jewish Cooking
2004 Grilled Cheese: 50 Recipes to Make You Melt by Marlena Spieler, Sheri Giblin
2005 Macaroni & Cheese by Marlena Spieler, Noel Barnhurst
2006 The Complete Guide to Traditional Jewish Cooking
2007 Yummy Potatoes: 65 Downright Delicious Recipes by Marlena Spieler, Sheri Giblin (Photographs)
2008 Mexico by Marlena Spieler, Marita Adair (Contributor), Nick Rider
References
External links
Marlena Spieler's official website
Marlena Spieler's YouTube
Marlena Spieler's Twitter
Marlena Spieler's Facebook
Category:1949 births
Category:Living people
Category:American food writers
Category:British food writers
Category:Writers from Sacramento, California
Category:James Beard Foundation Award winners
Category:Bon Appétit | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
LCU
LCU may refer to:
Landing Craft Utility
Largest coding unit, the basic processing unit of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video standard
Lookahead Carry Unit
Lubbock Christian University
Local currency unit
Local colleges and universities in the Philippines
Lego City Undercover, a video game | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Luberon AOC
Luberon (known as Côtes du Luberon until 2009) is a French wine-growing AOC in the southeastern extreme of the Rhône wine region of France, where the wines are produced in 36 communes of the Vaucluse département. The neighbouring appellation of Ventoux AOC stretches along its northern border and is separated by the Calavon river. The southern limit of the region is marked by the Durance river.
Economy
The Luberon wines are produced by a total of 495 concerns which include 480 growers, 55 private wineries, 14 cooperative wineries, and one producer/merchant.
The vineyards are in the communes of Ansouis, Apt, La Bastide-des-Jourdans, La Bastidonne, Beaumont-de-Pertuis, Bonnieux, Cabrières-d'Aigues, Cadenet, Castellet, Cheval-Blanc, Cucuron, Goult, Grambois, Lacoste, Lauris, Lourmarin, Maubec, Ménerbes, Mérindol, Mirabeau, La Motte-d'Aigues, Puget, Puyvert, Robion, Saignon, Saint-Martin-de-Castillon, Saint-Martin-de-la-Brasque, Sannes, Taillades, La Tour-d'Aigues, Vaugines, Villelaure, Vitrolles-en-Luberon.
Wines
Red wines are made from Grenache noir and Syrah (minimum 60%, of which Syrah minimum 10%), Cinsault (maximum 20%), Carignan (maximum 20%) other accepted varieties are: Counoise, Gamay noir, Mourvèdre, Pinot noir.
Rosé: The same varieties are used as for the red, and up to 20% of the allowed varieties for white wine may be used.
White wines from Ugni blanc (maximum 50%), Roussanne & Marsanne (combined maximum of 20%), Clairette blanche, Grenache blanc, Vermentino, and Bourboulenc.
The minimum alcohol content for all three colors is 11%.
History
The wines received AOC status in 1988, under the name Côtes du Luberon. The name change to Luberon took place on 23 September 2009.
References
External links
of AOC Luberon wines
Luberon at rhone-wines.com
Category:Rhône wine AOCs
Category:1988 establishments in France | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Trams in Sintra
The Sintra tramway is a seasonal narrow gauge tourist tram line in Portugal. It links the town of Sintra with Praia das Maçãs, passing through Colares and close to the Praia Grande. It has a length of some .
History
The line opened in 1904 over the between Sintra railway station and Praia das Maçãs. A connecting long urban tram route linked the Sintra station with Sintra Vila. Besides passenger traffic, freight was carried, principally between Banzão and Sintra station.
In 1930, the line was extended by from Praia das Maças to Azenhas do Mar, but this extension survived only until 1954. The following year, the urban line was closed, leaving just the original line between Sintra station and Praia das Maçãs. Winter service had ended in 1953, and the line continued to run as a summer only service until 1974.
Following the Carnation Revolution of 1975, there was no service on the tramway until 1980. A summer service then resumed, albeit an irregular service over the short section between Praia das Maçãs and Banzão.
Following denationalisation of Portugal's provincial bus services in the 1990s, ownership of the line was taken over by Stagecoach Portugal, but the tram services—which operated only during the tourist season—was later handed over to the Municipality of Sintra, which re-extended the line over its long-abandoned formation from Ribeira to central Sintra.
Damage to the infrastructure occurred in late 2011 when a tree fell on the line and a 1 km stretch of overhead copper cables was stolen, costing the council €150.000. The tramway was reopened for the 2012 season.
References
External links
Elétrico de Sintra from Câmara Municipal de Sintra
Sintra
Category:Heritage streetcar systems | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Eucalyptus megacarpa
Eucalyptus megacarpa, commonly known by its Noongar name of bullich, is a species of robust mallee or small to medium-sized tree with a scattered distribution in the forests of the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth bark throughout, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical fruit.
Description
Eucalyptus megacarpa is a tree that typically grows to a height of or a robust mallee to , and forms a lignotuber. The bark is smooth throughout, mottled grey, reddish-grey or white. Young plants and coppice regrowth have sessile, broadly lance-shaped leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of dull to slightly glossy green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on a flat, unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels up to long. Mature buds are oval or pear-shaped, long and wide with a beaked operculum. Flowering occurs between April and November and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody cup-shaped, bell-shaped or hemispherical capsule long and wide.
Taxonomy
Eucalyptus megacarpa was first formally described by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1860 in Volume 2 of Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from samples collected by George Maxwell near Wilson Inlet in 1858. The specific epithet (megacarpa) is a Latin word meaning "large-fruited".
Distribution and habitat
Bullich grows in forest near swamps and along the banks of streams, although the mallee or smaller tree form is found on hillsides. It occurs from near Perth to Cape Leeuwin, Albany and the Stirling Range in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Swan Coastal Plain and Warren biogeographic regions where it grows in sand and sandy loam soils over limestone.
Conservation status
This eucalypt is classified as "not threatened" in Western Australia by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
Use in horticulture
The tree is sold commercially either in seed form or as tube stock. It grows well in a full sun position, will tolerate extended dry period and light frost. The tree can grow in a variety of soil types. It has an average growth rate and is grown as a shade tree in bush style gardens where it attracts birds.
See also
List of Eucalyptus species
References
External links
megacarpa
Category:Myrtales of Australia
Category:Trees of Australia
Category:Rosids of Western Australia
Category:Plants described in 1860 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Leather crafting
Leather crafting or simply leathercraft is the practice of making leather into craft objects or works of art, using shaping techniques, coloring techniques or both.
Techniques
Dyeing
The application of pigments carried by solvents or water into the pores of the leather. Can be applied to tooled or untooled leather, either for even coloration or to highlight certain areas. For example, application to a tooled piece can result in pooling in the background areas giving contrasts and depth.
There are oil, alcohol, and water based leather dyes available, though it is concern among craftspeople that, due to changing environmental laws, alcohol-based dyes may soon become unavailable.
There are currently water-based alternatives available, although they tend not to work as well due to poor penetration.
Painting
Leather painting differs from leather dyeing in that paint remains only on the surface while dyes are absorbed into the leather. Due to this difference, leather painting techniques are generally not used on items that can or must bend nor on items that receive friction, such as belts and wallets because under these conditions, the paint may crack or wear off. However, latex paints can be used to paint such flexible leather items. In the main though, a flat piece of leather, backed with a stiff board is ideal and common, though three-dimensional forms are possible so long as the painted surface remains secured.
Acrylic paint is a common medium, often painted on tooled leather pictures, backed with wood or cardboard, and then framed. Unlike photographs, leather paintings are displayed without a glass cover, to prevent mould.
Carving
Leather carving entails using metal implements to compress moistened leather in such a way as to give a three-dimensional effect. The surface of the leather is not intended to be cut through, as would be done in filigree.
The main tools used to "carve" leather include: swivel knife, veiner, beveler, pear shader, seeder, various sculpting implements, and background tools. The swivel knife is held with one finger providing downward pressure un a stirrup like top and drawn along the leather to outline patterns. The other tools are punch-type implements struck with a wooden, nylon, metal or rawhide mallet. The object is to add further definition, texture and depth to the cut lines made by the swivel knife and the areas around the cut lines.
In the United States and Mexico, the western floral style, known as "Sheridan Style", of carving leather predominates. Usually, these are stylized pictures of acanthis or roses although, increasingly, modern leather artists are redefining and expanding the potential of the materials. By far the most preeminent carver in the United States was Al Stohlman. His patterns and methods have been embraced by many hobbyists, scout troops, reenacters, and craftsmen.
Stamping
Leather stamping involves the use of shaped implements (stamps) to create an imprint onto a leather surface, often by striking the stamps with a mallet.
Commercial stamps are available in various designs, typically geometric or representative of animals. Most stamping is performed on vegetable tanned leather that has been cased. This is the action of dampening the leather with water so that it soaks into the surface fibres. The water makes the leather softer and able to be compressed by the design being pressed or stamped into it. After the leather has been stamped, the design stays on the leather as it dries out, but it can fade if the leather becomes wet and is flexed. To make the impressions last longer, the leather is conditioned with oils and fats to make it waterproof and prevent the fibers from deforming.
Molding/shaping
Leather shaping or molding consists of soaking a piece of leather in water to greatly increase pliability and then shaping it by hand or with the use of objects or even molds as forms. As the leather dries it stiffens and holds its shape. Carving and stamping may be done prior to or after molding. Molding has become popular among hobbyists whose crafts are related to fantasy, goth/steampunk culture and cosplay as well as those interested in more classic styling of bags and household items.
Two well known pieces of molded leather are part of the funerary achievements of Edward, the Black Prince, the heraldic crest and shield.
Laser cutting/etching
Carbon dioxide lasers cut through leather very smoothly, and at low power a laser cutter can etch detailed designs into leather to any desired depth although some discoloration and stiffening occurs in vegetable tanned tooling leather.
Perforation
Perforation – the result of punching that is provided for the manufacture of a large number of regularly arranged apertures of regular shape in the sheet and other material. A decorative technique that is used to connect two sheets of leather or to decorate them.
Pyrography
Pyrography (purogravure) on leather is the art of using a hot needle to make a drawing on leather. Under the influence of heat the leather takes on darker shades which subsequently become a complete picture.
References
Category:Leather
Category:Carving | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Network analyzer (AC power)
From 1929 to the late 1960s, large alternating current power systems were modelled and studied on AC network analyzers (also called alternating current network calculators or AC calculating boards) or transient network analyzers. These special-purpose analog computers were an outgrowth of the DC calculating boards used in the very earliest power system analysis. By the middle of the 1950s, fifty network analyzers were in operation. AC network analyzers were much used for power flow studies, short circuit calculations, and system stability studies, but were ultimately replaced by numerical solutions running on digital computers. While the analyzers could provide real-time simulation of events, with no concerns about numeric stability of algorithms, the analyzers were costly, inflexible, and limited in the number of buses and lines that could be simulated. Eventually powerful digital computers replaced analog network analyzers for practical calculations, but analog physical models for studying electrical transients are still in use.
Calculating methods
As AC power systems became larger at the start of the 20th century, with more interconnected devices, the problem of calculating the expected behavior of the systems became more difficult. Manual methods were only practical for systems of a few sources and nodes. The complexity of practical problems made manual calculation techniques too laborious or inaccurate to be useful. Many mechanical aids to calculation were developed to solve problems relating to network power systems.
DC calculating boards used resistors and DC sources to represent an AC network. A resistor was used to model the inductive reactance of a circuit, while the actual series resistance of the circuit was neglected. The principle disadvantage was the inability to model complex impedances. However, for short-circuit fault studies, the effect of the resistance component was usually small. DC boards served to produce results accurate to around 20% error, sufficient for some purposes.
Artificial lines were used to analyze transmission lines. These carefully constructed replicas of the distributed inductance, capacitance and resistance of a full-size line were used to investigate propagation of impulses in lines and to validate theoretical calculations of transmission line properties. An artificial line was made by winding layers of wire around a glass cylinder, with interleaved sheets of tin foil, to give the model proportionally the same distributed inductance and capacitance as the full-size line. Later, lumped-element approximations of transmission lines were found to give adequate precision for many calculations.
Laboratory investigations of the stability of multiple-machine systems were constrained by the use of direct-operated indicating instruments (voltmeters, ammeters, and wattmeters). To ensure that the instruments negligibly loaded the model system, the machine power level used was substantial. Some workers in the 1920s used three-phase model generators rated up to 600 kVA and 2300 volts to represent a power system. General Electric developed model systems using generators rated at 3.75 kVA. It was difficult to keep multiple generators in synchronism, and the size and cost of the units was a constraint. While transmission lines and loads could be accurately scaled down to laboratory representations, rotating machines could not be accurately miniaturized and keep the same dynamic characteristics as full-sized prototypes; the ratio of machine inertia to machine frictional loss did not scale.
Scale model
A network analyzer system was essentially a scale model of the electrical properties of a specific power system. Generators, transmission lines, and loads were represented by miniature electrical components with scale values in proportion to the modeled system. Model components were interconnected with flexible cords to represent the schematic diagram of the modeled system.
Instead of using miniature rotating machines, accurately calibrated phase-shifting transformers were built to simulate electrical machines. These were all energized by the same source (at local power frequency or from a motor-generator set) and so inherently maintained synchronism. The phase angle and terminal voltage of each simulated generator could be set using rotary scales on each phase-shifting transformer unit. Using the per-unit system allowed values to be conveniently interpreted without additional calculation.
To reduce the size of the model components, the network analyzer often was energized at a higher frequency than the 50 Hz or 60 Hz utility frequency. The operating frequency was chosen to be high enough to allow high-quality inductors and capacitors to be made, and to be compatible with the available indicating instruments, but not so high that stray capacitance would affect results. Many systems used either 440 Hz, or 480 Hz, provided by a motor-generator set, to reduce size of model components. Some systems used 10 kHz, using capacitors and inductors similar to those used in radio electronics.
Model circuits were energized at relatively low voltages to allow for safe measurement with adequate precision. The model base quantities varied by manufacturer and date of design; as amplified indicating instruments became more common, lower base quantities were feasible. Model voltages and currents started off around 200 volts and 0.5 amperes in the MIT analyzer, which still allowed directly driven (but especially sensitive) instruments to be used to measure model parameters. The later machines used as little as 50 volts and 50 mA, used with amplified indicating instruments. By use of the per-unit system, model quantities could be readily transformed into the actual system quantities of voltage, current, power or impedance. A watt measured in the model might correspond to hundreds of kilowatts or megawatts in the modeled system. One hundred volts measured on the model might correspond to one per-unit, which could represent, say, 230,000 volts on a transmission line or 11,000 volts in a distribution system. Typically, results accurate to around 2% of measurement could be obtained. Model components were single-phase devices, but using the symmetrical components method, unbalanced three-phase systems could be studied as well.
A complete network analyzer was a system that filled a large room; one model was described as four bays of equipment, spanning a U-shaped arrangement 26 feet (8 metres) across. Companies such as General Electric and Westinghouse could provide consulting services based on their analyzers; but some large electrical utilities operated their own analyzers. The use of network analyzers allowed quick solutions to difficult calculation problems, and allowed problems to be analyzed that would otherwise be uneconomic to compute using manual calculations. Although expensive to build and operate, network analyzers often repaid their costs in reduced calculation time and expedited project schedules. For example, a stability study might indicate if a transmission line should have larger or differently spaced conductors to preserve stability margin during system faults; potentially saving many miles of cable and thousands of insulators.
Network analyzers did not directly simulate the dynamic effects of load application to machine dynamics (torque angle, and others). Instead, the analyzer would be used to solve dynamic problems in a stepwise fashion, first calculating a load flow, then adjusting the phase angle of the machine in response to its power flow, and re-calculating the power flow.
In use, the system to be modelled would be represented as a single line diagram and all the impedances of lines and machines would be scaled to model values on the analyzer. A plugging diagram would be prepared to show the interconnections to be made between the model elements. The circuit elements would be interconnected by patch cables. The model system would be energized, and measurements taken at the points of interest in the model; these could be scaled up to the values in the full-scale system.
The MIT network analyzer
The network analyzer installed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) grew out of a 1924 thesis project by Hugh H. Spencer and Harold Locke Hazen, investigating a power system modelling concept proposed by Vannevar Bush. Instead of miniature rotating machines, each generator was represented by a transformer with adjustable voltage and phase, all fed from a common source. This eliminated the poor accuracy of models with miniature machines. The 1925 publication of this thesis attracted the attention at General Electric, where Robert Doherty was interested in modelling problems of system stability. He asked Hazen to verify that the model could accurately reproduce the behavior of machines during load changes.
Design and construction was carried out jointly by General Electric and MIT. When first demonstrated in June 1929, the system had eight phase-shifting transformers to represent synchronous machines. Other elements included 100 variable line resistors, 100 variable reactors, 32 fixed capacitors, and 40 adjustable load units. The analyzer was described in a 1930 paper by H.L Hazen, O.R. Schurig and M.F. Gardner. The base quantities for the analyzer were 200 volts, and 0.5 amperes. Sensitive portable thermocouple-type instruments were used for measurement. The analyzer occupied four large panels, arranged in a U-shape, with tables in front of each section to hold measuring instruments. While primarily conceived as an educational tool, the analyzer saw considerable use by outside firms, who would pay to use the device. American Gas and Electric Company, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and many other organizations studied problems on the MIT analyzer in its first decade of operation. In 1940 the system was moved and expanded to handle more complex systems.
By 1953 the MIT analyzer was beginning to fall behind the state of the art. Digital computers were first used on power system problems as early as "Whirlwind" in 1949. Unlike most of the forty other analyzers in service by that point, the MIT instrument was energized at 60 Hz, not 440 or 480 Hz, making its components large, and expansion to new types of problems difficult. Many utility customers had bought their own network analyzers. The MIT system was dismantled and sold to the Puerto Rico Water Resources Authority in 1954.
Commercial manufacturers
By 1947, fourteen network analyzers had been built at a total cost of about two million US dollars. General Electric built two full-scale network analyzers for its own work and for services to its clients. Westinghouse built systems for their internal use and provided more than 20 analyzers to utility and university clients. After the Second World War analyzers were known to be in use in France, the UK, Australia, Japan, and the Soviet Union. Later models had improvements such as centralized control of switching, central measurement bays, and chart recorders to automatically provide permanent records of results.
General Electric's Model 307 was a miniaturized AC network analyzer with four generator units and a single electronically amplified metering unit. It was targeted at utility companies to solve problems too large for hand computation but not worth the expense of renting time on a full size analyzer. Like the Iowa State College analyzer, it used a system frequency of 10 kHz instead of 60 Hz or 480 Hz, allowing much smaller radio-style capacitor and inductors to be used to model power system components. The 307 was cataloged from 1957 and had a list of about 20 utility, educational and government customers. In 1959 its list price was $8,590.
In 1953, the Metropolitan Edison Company and a group of six other electrical companies purchased a new Westinghouse AC network analyzer for installation at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. The system, described as the largest ever built, cost $400,000.
In Japan, network analyzers were installed starting in 1951. The Yokogawa Electric company introduced a model energized at 3980 Hz starting in 1956.
Other applications
Transient analyzer
A "transient network analyzer" was an analog model of a transmission system especially adapted to study high-frequency transient surges (such as those due to lightning or switching), instead of AC power frequency currents. Similarly to an AC network analyzer, they represented apparatus and lines with scaled inductances and resistances. A synchronously driven switch repeatedly applied a transient impulse to the model system, and the response at any point could be observed on an oscilloscope or recorded on an oscillograph. Some transient analyzers are still in use for research and education, sometimes combined with digital protective relays or recording instruments.
Anacom
The Westinghouse Anacom was an AC-energized electrical analog computer system used extensively for problems in mechanical design, structural elements, lubrication oil flow, and various transient problems including those due to lightning surges in electric power transmission systems. The excitation frequency of the computer could be varied. The Westinghouse Anacom constructed in 1948 was used up to the early 1990s for engineering calculations; its original cost was $500,000. The system was periodically updated and expanded; by the 1980s the Anacom could be run through many simulation cases unattended, under the control of a digital computer that automatically set up initial conditions and recorded the results. Westinghouse built a replica Anacom for Northwestern University, sold an Anacom to ABB, and twenty or thirty similar computers by other makers were used around the world.
Physics and chemistry
Since the multiple elements of the AC network analyzer formed a powerful analog computer, occasionally problems in physics and chemistry were modeled (by such researchers as Gabriel Kron of General Electric), in the late 1940s prior to the ready availability of general-purpose digital computers. Another application was water flow in water distribution systems. The forces and displacements of a mechanical system could be readily modelled with the voltages and currents of a network analyzer, which allowed easy adjustment of properties such as the stiffness of a spring by, for example, changing the value of a capacitor.
Structures
The David Taylor Model Basin operated an AC network analyzer from the late 1950s until the mid-1960s. The system was used on problems in ship design. An electrical analog of the structural properties of a proposed ship, shaft, or other structure could be built, and tested for its vibrational modes. Unlike AC analyzers used for power systems work, the exciting frequency was made continuously variable so that mechanical resonance effects could be investigated.
Decline and obsolescence
Even during the Depression and the Second World War, many network analyzers were constructed because of their great value in solving calculations related to electric power transmission. By the mid 1950s, about thirty analyzers were available in the United States, representing an oversupply. Institutions such as MIT could no longer justify operating analyzers as paying clients barely covered operating expenses.
Once digital computers of adequate performance became available, the solution methods developed on analog network analyzers were migrated to the digital realm, where plugboards, switches and meter pointers were replaced with punch cards and printouts. The same general-purpose digital computer hardware that ran network studies could easily be dual-tasked with business functions such as payroll. Analog network analyzers faded from general use for load-flow and fault studies, although some persisted in transient studies for a while longer. Analog analyzers were dismantled and either sold off to other utilities, donated to engineering schools, or scrapped.
The fate of a few analyzers illustrates the trend. The analyzer purchased by American Electric Power was replaced by digital systems in 1961, and donated to Virginia Tech. The Westinghouse network analyzer purchased by the State Electricity Commission of Victoria, Australia in 1950 was taken out of utility service in 1967 and donated to the Engineering department at Monash University; but by 1985, even instructional use of the analyzer was no longer practical and the system was finally dismantled.
One factor contributing to the obsolescence of analog models was the increasing complexity of interconnected power systems. Even a large analyzer could only represent a few machines, and perhaps a few score lines and busses. Digital computers routinely handled systems with thousands of busses and transmission lines.
See also
Network analyzer (electrical)
Power system protection
Differential analyser
Prospective short-circuit current
References
External links
Lee Allen Mayo, thesis Simulation without replication, University of Notre Dame 2011, pp. 52–101 discusses use of network analyzers for theoretical calculations
Category:Computer-related introductions in 1929
Category:Electrical engineering
Category:Analog computers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
CKBL-FM
CKBL-FM, branded as 92.9 The Bull, is a country radio station in downtown Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The station is part of the Saskatoon Media Group and has studios with sister stations CJWW and CJMK-FM.
History
The station originated on the AM dial as CFQC-AM, which began broadcasting in 1923. It was founded by electrical supply shop owners A. A. "Pappy" Murphy and David Streb. Murphy bought out Streb in 1932.
The station was an affiliate of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission from 1933 to 1936 when it affiliated with the newly formed Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It lost that affiliation in 1939 when the CBC signed on CBK as its outlet for all of southern and central Saskatchewan. In 1944 it became an affiliate of the CBC's Dominion Network until 1962 when the network was reabsorbed into the main CBC Radio network and CFQC became independent. In 1954, CFQC-TV was established by the Murphy family and became Saskatoon's first television station; initially a CBC affiliate, in the early 1970s it switched to the CTV Television Network. Both the TV and radio stations shared some on-air personnel such as newsreaders.
Pappy Murphy died in 1959. His family sold CFQC-AM and TV to Baton Broadcasting in 1972, earning a handsome return on its original investment of 49 years earlier. Baton exited radio in 1991, selling CFQC to George Gallagher, at which point the radio station's ties to its TV namesake all but ended. However, only two years later, Gallagher was forced into receivership. Clint Forster, owner of CJWW, bought CFQC in 1994 and announced plans to move it to the FM band.
On February 6, 1995, at 6:06 a.m., CFQC left its longtime AM position at 600 and was replaced by CJWW, which moved from 750 AM. The last song played on "Hits 600" was "Stand Tall" by Burton Cummings.
At 7:00AM that day, CFQC-FM signed on at 92.9 FM, where it was rebranded Hot93 and switched from adult contemporary to country music, complementing CJWW's classic country format. Current owner Elmer Hildebrand bought the station in 2001. CFQC and its brand Hot 93 were retired at 6:00AM November 1, 2007. The final song played under the old call letters at 5:58AM was Michelle Wright's version of "Rock Me Gently"), ending an 84-year era (though the TV station would officially continue using CFQC, although its on-air branding by this time had become CTV Saskatoon). At 7:00AM, the station changed its call letters to CKBL and its branding to "92.9 The Bull". The first song played under the new callsign was Big & Rich's "Save a Horse, Ride a Cowboy". It also adopted a New Country format under the direction of program director and morning show co-host Steve "Hurricane" Huber.
The Bull's on-air lineup consists of "Mornings with Pat Dubois" ; "Mid-days with Cristy Beggs"; "Afternoons with Kranky" and "Evenings with Trevor". The station is also the broadcast home of the Saskatchewan Rush of the National Lacrosse League.
CKBL is the former call of two stations in Kelowna, British Columbia, the FM station now known as 99.9 Sun FM and the current CKFR-AM.
References
External links
92.9 The Bull
KBL
KBL
Category:Radio stations established in 1923
Category:1923 establishments in Saskatchewan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Caroline Overdrive
Caroline Overdrive was a programming strand which ran on Radio Caroline in 1986–1987.
Background
After Caroline's return to the air in 1983 from the MV Ross Revenge, the station played an eclectic mixture of chart hits, album tracks and golden oldies, but by 1985 the station faced competition from the aggressively commercial Laser 558. Caroline began transmitting a second service on 576 kHz, close to Laser's frequency, broadcasting a more conventional singles-oriented format, while its main frequency of 963 kHz carried the Dutch station Radio Monique by day and sponsored religious programming in the evening under the name "Viewpoint 963". After Laser closed in November 1985 Caroline took over the 558 kHz slot.
During 1985 the 963 kHz transmitter had been used for some nighttime music shows after the end of Viewpoint, most notably Jamming 963, a short run of reggae programmes.
Overdrive
On January 1, 1986 DJ Tom Anderson, who had been heavily involved with the station's 1983 relaunch, began Caroline Overdrive on the 963 kHz transmitter after the end of Viewpoint. Overdrive carried a wide selection of "alternative" music, the only apparent rule being that it should provide an alternative to the mainstream programming on 558. Presentation was uncluttered, with a minimum of DJ chatter and few jingles. One critic described the service as being similar to a John Peel show except that it ran all night.
Increases in the number of religious programmes meant that as the year progressed the start of Overdrive was pushed back from 8 p.m. to 9 and later 9:30.
Towards the end of 1986 a combination of transmitter maintenance and lack of direct involvement by Anderson meant that Overdrive was frequently off the air. The last Overdrive programme was broadcast in February 1987 under the title "Testing 963", parodying the newly relaunched Laser's test broadcasts. After this no further alternative programming was heard on 963.
References
External links
Pirate Radio Diary: 1986
Alan's Real Audio Collection: includes background details for Caroline Overdrive
Music rotation chart for Caroline Overdrive
Category:Pirate radio | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Robert Craigie (Royal Navy officer)
Admiral Robert Craigie RN (1800–1873) was a 19th-century Royal Navy officer of Scots descent who rose to the rank of rear admiral in active service and subsequently was promoted to admiral in retirement.
Life
He was born in Canada in 1800 the son of John Craigie and his wife Susanna Coffin (widow of James Grant).
He joined the Royal Navy in 1811 and spent his whole life their, slowly rising through the ranks. Early in his life he was involved in action, when on board in the capture of in July 1814.
By 1823 he had reached the rank of lieutenant and was serving on in 1824 when she captured an Algerian brig. In 1828 he was promoted to captain and commander. However, he then decided to undergo more formal training and took a leave of absence from the navy for three years to study navigation and mathematics at the Royal Navy College and University of Edinburgh.
In 1835 he had his first full command: , which patrolled the coast of Africa. This included two periods on the west coast when he was tasked with commanding the whole squadron. In March 1837 and again in 1838 he had to command his ship in the Bonny River in Nigeria. Here he was involved in the anti-slavery treaty agreed with King Peppel.
He returned to Britain in 1839 for lighter duties (on half pay). In 1847 he was sent to Shetland to oversee relief of the population which was badly hit by the potato famine of 1846.
He spent two years as resident Inspector and a further three years as Inspector General. During this period he was responsible for much road building and road improvement on the island. He lived at 1 Queens Lane in Lerwick.
In November 1854 he was moved to Southampton to oversee steam packet organisation. In February 1855 he was appointed chairman of the Transport Board, organising supplies to the Crimean War. At the end of that war in November 1856 he was put in charge of the Royal William Victualling Yard and Royal Naval Hospital near Plymouth.
From 1858 he was placed on the Reserved List with the rank of rear admiral. He rose on the Reserved List to the rank of Admiral in 1870.
He died on 2 March 1873 in Dawlish on the Devon coast.
Family
In April 1842 he married Charlotte Grant (1820-1887), twenty years his junior, and niece of the Right Hon Sir William Grant, Master of the Rolls. They had two sons and three daughters. The family originally lived with him in Melrose but moved with him to Lerwick when he was posted to Shetland.
His uncles were Robert Craigie, Lord Craigie and Lawrence Craigie, twice Lord Provost of Glasgow.
He was cousin to General Patrick Edmonstone Craigie.
References
Category:1800 births
Category:1873 deaths
Category:Royal Navy admirals | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Riverside Radio
Riverside Radio is a local radio station based in Battersea, London, which broadcasts local news, sports, music and specialist shows. Its main audience is based in South West London.
Launch
In July 2014, a Crowdfunding campaign was launched with the aim of raising £3,000 for studio equipment and software . The station went live on 12 January 2015, the station went live with Martin Harris and Samantha Baines presenting the live launch show. The station was officially opened by Mayor of Wandsworth, Cllr Stuart Thom. Since launching Wandsworth Radio, the station has become an important feature in the local community and the outside broadcast team will often be present at local events such as the switching on of the Christmas lights or summer street festivals across the borough. The station launched a project to celebrate the diversity of Wandsworth by highlighting residents who were born outside of the UK to mark the first anniversary broadcasting.
Other Information
In October 2016 Wandsworth Radio applied to the regulator Ofcom for a community radio licence to broadcast on an FM bandwidth across the borough. In 2017 Ofcom turned down the application because they could not find a suitable FM frequency. In August 2017 Wandsworth Radio opened new purpose built studios at the Doddington and Rollo Business Centre in Battersea. On September 15th 2018 Wandsworth Radio was crowned the Digital/RSL Station of the Year by Community Radio Awards in Sheffield. On April 7th 2019, the station re-branded as Riverside Radio to serve the boroughs of Wandsworth, Lambeth, Merton and Richmond with the slogan 'Switch on SW London'.
References
Category:Radio stations in London | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Rudolph Ganz
Rudolph Ganz (24 February 1877 Zurich – 2 August 1972 Chicago) was a Swiss-born American pianist, conductor, composer, and music educator.
Career
Early career as a pianist and conductor
Ganz studied cello with Friedrich Hegar, and piano with Robert Freund at the Zürich Musikschule. He also took composition lessons with Charles Blanchet at the Lausanne Conservatory (de). From 1897 to 1898, Ganz studied piano with Fritz Blumer in Strasbourg, and from 1899 to 1900 with Ferruccio Busoni in Berlin and Weimar and composition with Heinrich Urban in Berlin. On December 7, 1899, he made his piano debut with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra; and on April 14, 1900, his conducting debut with this orchestra in the world premiere of his own Symphony No. 1 in E. In May, Florenz Ziegfeld, Sr. visited Berlin and invited Ganz to join the piano department of the Chicago Musical College. In August, Ganz moved to Chicago.
Ganz joined the piano department and became a member of the board of directors of the Chicago Musical College from fall 1900 through spring 1905. On March 20, 1903, Ganz made his American orchestral debut as soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Theodore Thomas in the first Chicago performance of Vincent d'Indy's Symphony No. 1, at the Auditorium Theatre. On March 5, 1905, in a Chicago recital at the Music Hall, Fine Arts Building (Chicago), Ganz became the first pianist to perform Maurice Ravel's music (Jeux d'eau (Ravel)) in the United States (Harold Bauer played a first Boston performance of Jeux d'eau on 4 December 1905).
From fall 1905 to spring 1908 Ganz lived in New York City and began concert tours throughout North America, Europe, and Cuba. On November 8, 1907, in New York's Mendelssohn Hall, Ganz played the American premiere of Maurice Ravel's Oiseaux tristes and Barque sur l'ocean (from Miroirs,1905). In 1908 he moved to Berlin to teach and concertize. He played first Berlin performances of Vincent d'Indy and Béla Bartók and first London performances of Maurice Ravel and John Alden Carpenter. His Berlin pupils included Chicago pianist Edward Joseph Collins, St. Louis pianist Leo C. Miller, Kansas City pianist and later Ganz's assistant Mollie Margolies, Norwegian pianist Nils Larsen, and American composers Charles Haubiel and Edward Ballantine. In 1913 Ganz began recording piano rolls for Welte-Mignon and Duo-Art, and in 1916 for Pathé. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Ganz returned to New York City and taught at the Institute of Musical Art (later The Juilliard School). In 1920 in Carnegie Hall, he conducted the New York Philharmonic in his own performance of Franz Liszt's E-flat Major Piano Concerto, using the Aeolian Company's Duo-Art reproducing Weber grand piano and becoming the first pianist to conduct an orchestra for the concerto in which he played by piano roll.
Later career as conductor and music educator
From 1921 to 1927 he was the conductor of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra and did much to raise it to the top rank of orchestras. As the fourth conductor of this orchestra Ganz was responsible for building and educating a new symphonic audience. The orchestra's first recordings, innovative children's and young people's concerts, as well as extensive spring tours to the Midwest, South, and Southwest were the sources for this new audience. During his six seasons twenty-one percent of the music presented comprised first St. Louis performances. They included Maurice Ravel's Spanish Rhapsody, Gustav Mahler's Symphony No 4, Ottorino Respighi's Fountains of Rome, Ralph Vaughan Williams's London Symphony, Richard Strauss's A Hero's Life, Igor Stravinsky's Firebird Suite, Leo Sowerby's Suite From Northland, and Arthur Honegger's Pastorale d'été (American premiere). While in St. Louis, he was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity in 1924 at the University of Missouri.
In 1928 he returned to teach at the Chicago Musical College, serving as its president from 1934 to 1954, but he continued to maintain a national presence. From 1930 to 1933 Ganz founded and conducted the National Little Symphony (renamed the National Chamber Symphony) sponsored by NBC to promote contemporary music. He led the Omaha Symphony Orchestra from 1936 to 1941. From 1939 to 1948 he was permanent conductor of the Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic and San Francisco Symphony orchestras, and from 1944 to 1946, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. From 1946 to 1948, he was music director of the Grand Rapids Symphony in Grand Rapids, Michigan, which was a community orchestra at the time. On February 20, 1941, Ganz performed his own Piano Concerto in E-flat major, op 32, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Frederick Stock, its world premiere. The work was commissioned by Frederick Stock for the fiftieth anniversary of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Most of Ganz's musical compositions are held at The Newberry Library.
Legacy
Ganz was active in the promotion of new music throughout his career. Ferruccio Busoni, Christian Sinding, Charles Griffes, and Alexander Tcherepnin, among others, dedicated works to Ganz. In 1923 he received the Légion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated "Scarbo" the third part of his composition Gaspard de la Nuit to him in gratitude.
As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, "Take whatever you want to perform." They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.
Ganz's students during the 1930s and 1940s included John La Montaine (composer), Hans Moldenhauer, Joseph Bloch (pianist, Alkan scholar, and professor at The Juilliard School), Dorothy Donegan (jazz pianist), Edward Gordon (executive director of the Ravinia Festival), Wanda Paul (pianist and faculty member at Northwestern University), and Robert McDowell (pianist and faculty member at Chicago Musical College). Other students included Dean Sanders (Professor Emeritus, School of Music at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Deniz Arman Gelenbe (Professor and Chair Emeritus at the Trinity-Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in London), Audley Wasson (1915-2001), Marion Edna Hall (1910–2012), who taught for many years at the University of Indiana's Jacobs School of Music, Abby Whiteside, Evelyn Hora, Gena Branscombe, Beatrice Sharp Karan (1918–1909), Evelyn (Wilgus) Lewis, Adrian Lerner Newman Goldman, Vera Bradford Arne Sorensen, Sheldon Shkolnik, Jeffrey Siegel, and Ludmila Lazar.
He died in Chicago at the age of 95 on Aug. 2, 1972. A newspaper headline read: "A Last link with Liszt passes on."
Family
Rudolph Ganz was the son of Rudolf Ganz, Sr., and Sophie Bartenfeld. He had three brothers: Paul, Emil, and Hans. Ganz married American soprano Mary Forrest in 1900, in Berlin. They had a son, Anton Roy Ganz, born in 1903, who later served as Swiss Ambassador to the Soviet Union. After Mary Forrest Ganz died in 1956, Ganz married Esther LaBerge, who was a concert singer and associate professor of voice at Chicago Musical College, in 1959. Esther LaBerge Ganz had one daughter, Jeanne Colette Collester, a professor of art history. Esther LaBerge Ganz died in 2007.
References
External links
Rudolph Ganz Papers at the Newberry Library
Ganz: Piano Concerto in E-Flat Major / La Montaine: Piano Concerto No. 4 (Cedille Records)
Ganz at the piano, performing his '7 Klavierstücke' (at YouTube.com)
Category:1877 births
Category:1972 deaths
Category:Swiss composers
Category:Swiss male composers
Category:Swiss conductors (music)
Category:Male conductors (music)
Category:Swiss classical pianists
Category:American people of Swiss-German descent
Category:People from Zürich
Category:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Category:Swiss emigrants to the United States
Category:American male composers
Category:American composers
Category:American conductors (music)
Category:American male conductors (music)
Category:American classical pianists
Category:American male pianists | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Neospondylis
Neospondylis is a genus of long-horned beetles in the family Cerambycidae. There are at least two described species in Neospondylis.
Species
These two species belong to the genus Neospondylis:
Neospondylis mexicanus (Bates, 1879)
Neospondylis upiformis (Mannerheim, 1843)
References
Further reading
Category:Spondylidinae
Category:Articles created by Qbugbot | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Kovalyovka
Kovalyovka () is a rural locality (a village) in Kuyurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 81 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.
References
Category:Rural localities in Bashkortostan | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Henley by-election
Henley by-election may refer to any of three by-elections in the UK parliamentary constituency of Henley:
1917 Henley by-election
1932 Henley by-election
2008 Henley by-election | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Story of Temple Drake
The Story of Temple Drake is a 1933 American pre-Code rape and revenge film directed by Stephen Roberts and starring Miriam Hopkins and Jack La Rue. It tells the story of Temple Drake, a reckless woman in the American South who falls into the hands of a brutal gangster and rapist. It was adapted from the highly controversial novel Sanctuary by William Faulkner. Though some of the more salacious elements of the source novel were not included, the film was still considered so indecent that it helped give rise to the introduction of the Hays Code.
The original novel was partly the basis of another film adaptation in 1961, this time under the book's original title, directed by Tony Richardson, starring Lee Remick as Temple Drake, Yves Montand as Candy (an amalgamation of Popeye and two other characters), Bradford Dillman, Harry Townes, and Odetta in a rare film appearance.
Long unseen except in bootleg 16mm prints, The Story of Temple Drake was restored by the Museum of Modern Art and re-premiered in 2011 at the TCM Classic Film Festival. The Criterion Collection announced that it they will be bringing the film to Blu-ray and DVD in December 2019.
Plot
Temple Drake, the reckless daughter of a prominent judge in a small Mississippi town, refuses to marry her lawyer boyfriend, Stephen Benbow. This earns her a reputation in the town as a seductress. On the night of a town dance, Temple declines Stephen's proposal for a second time, and instead goes out with one of her suitors, Toddy Gowan. Toddy, who has been drinking, crashes their car near a dilapidated plantation home occupied by a speakeasy run by a man named Lee Goodwin. Trigger, a gangster and bootlegger at the speakeasy, forces Temple and Toddy into the house. Toddy, drunk and injured, attempts to fight Trigger, but Trigger knocks him unconscious. Temple tries to flee, but Trigger insists she spend the night. Lee's wife, Ruby, suggests that Temple sleep in the barn, and arranges for a young man named Tommy to stand watch.
At dawn, Trigger shoots Tommy to death before raping Temple in the barn. Trigger proceeds to kidnap Temple, making her his gun moll, and brings her to a brothel in the city run by a woman named Reba. Meanwhile, Toddy awakens in a warehouse and skips town. Newspapers erroneously report that the missing Temple has traveled to Pennsylvania to visit family. At the speakeasy, Lee is arrested for Tommy's murder, and Stephen is appointed as his lawyer. Fearing for his life, Lee refuses to implicate Trigger in Tommy's murder. Ruby, however, directs Stephen to search for Trigger at Reba's home.
Stephen tracks down Trigger to Reba's address, and finds Temple there, dressed in a negligee. Fearing that Trigger will kill Stephen, Temple falsely assures Stephen that she willingly went with him. Stephen believes her, and serves them summons for Tommy's murder trial. After Stephen leaves, Temple tries to escape, only to be attacked by Trigger. In the melee, Temple wrests his gun and shoots him to death.
Temple returns to her hometown, and near the conclusion of the trial, she begs Stephen to dismiss her from testifying. He denies her wish, and forces her to take the stand in court, but, out of his love for her, he is unable to question her about Trigger. Despite his lack of questioning, Temple openly confesses everything that happened, including her witnessing Tommy's murder, her rape, and her murder of Trigger. At the end of her confession, she loses consciousness, and Stephen carries her out of the courtroom.
Cast
Production
Development
In 1932, Paramount Pictures acquired the rights to the film's basis, the controversial novel Sanctuary (1931) by William Faulkner, for $6,000. Faulkner's novel dealt with a young Southern debutante held captive by a gang member and rapist. As the public felt the novel had a racy reputation, the film received a new title as the plot had been made more mild and to avoid associating it with the source work. Despite this, even before filming had begun, it was publicly condemned by U.S. women's leagues, an article in The New York Times, as well as the Roman Catholic Church.
The credits only stated that Faulkner wrote the original novel. Robert Litell, who wrote a review of the film published in The New Republic on June 14, 1933, stated that the film producers also consulted Faulkner; statements about this are not present in the credits.
Deviations from novel
Several alterations were made to the screenplay that deviated from the source material: For example, in the novel, the judge is Temple's father; Phillips stated that "presumably" to make it more believable that he is "ineffectual" with her, he was changed into being her grandfather. For a short period before the film went into production, it was tentatively titled The Shame of Temple Drake.
The relatively upbeat ending of the film is in marked contrast to the ending of Faulkner's novel Sanctuary, in which Temple perjures herself in court, resulting in the lynching of an innocent man. E. Pauline Degenfelder of Worcester Public Schools wrote that the characterization of Temple differs from that of the novel version, and that the film gives her a "dual nature" of a dark nature and a light nature. Gene D. Phillips of Loyola University of Chicago wrote that she is "better" morally than the novel character. According to Pre-Code scholar Thomas Doherty, the film implies that the deeds done to Temple are in recompense for her immorality in falling into a relationship with the gangster instead of fleeing him.
Casting
George Raft was initially cast as the male lead of Trigger, but dropped out of the production, which resulted in him being temporarily suspended by Paramount. Raft felt taking the role would be "screen suicide" as the character had no redeemable qualities, and also demanded a salary of $2 million. He was ultimately replaced by Jack La Rue, then a bit player for Paramount who had garnered some notice for his performance in a Broadway production of Diamond Lil opposite Mae West.
According to Filmink the fact the film ultimately "did little for La Rue’s career... served to give Raft a false idea of the quality of his instincts when it came to script selection. "
Miriam Hopkins, who was cast in the titular role of Temple Drake, was a newcomer at the time of filming, and had only begun establishing herself in two Ernst Lubitsch films: The Smiling Lieutenant (1931) and Trouble in Paradise (1932). Hopkins' mother was reportedly upset that her daughter was portraying a rape victim. Hopkins herself would continually cite the role as one of her personal favorites due to its emotional complexity: "That Temple Drake, now, there was a thing. Just give me a nice un-standardized wretch like Temple three times a year! Give me the complex ladies, and I'll interpret the daylights out of them."
Filming
Principal photography of The Story of Temple Drake began in mid-February 1933 on the Paramount Studio lot in Los Angeles, California. According to biographer Allan Ellenberger, the mood on the set was "gloomy" due to the dark subject matter, and the cast members frequently played pranks on one another to lighten the mood. Jean Negulesco, a sketch artist and technical advisor at Paramount, helped design and orchestrate the film's rape sequence. Though the film only suggests the rape, as the scene concludes with Trigger approaching Temple, followed by her scream, Hopkins recalled that Negulesco had extensively "planned how it could be done... If you can call a rape artistically done, it was."
Release
Censorship
Will H. Hays, who was in charge of the Motion Picture Production Code, had objected to any film adaptation of Sanctuary, and, after the film was made, forbade any reference to it in advertising materials. However, Joseph I. Breen, who was in charge of public relations for the Hays Office, stated the finished film was so tame in comparison to Faulkner's novel that patrons who had read it and watched the film would "charge us with fraud."
In March 1933, the Hays Office recommended several cuts be made before the film was released, with the central rape scene being of utmost concern. In the original cut (and in Faulkner's novel), Temple's rape occurs in a corn crib, and she is at one point penetrated with a corn cob during the assault. In the initial cut of the film, the rape took place in a corn crib, and featured shots in which a corncob is picked up by Trigger and examined after the rape. These shots were allegedly only supposed to be included in rushes and not in the final cut, but were considered obscene enough that the Hays Office ordered Paramount to reshoot the rape sequence in a barn, and mandated that no footage of a corncob could be shown. The scenes at Reba's home were also "portrayed too graphically," according to the Hays Office, and they ordered Paramount to excise footage and dialogue that indicated that the home was a brothel. Some lines were cut, while Ruby's use of the word "chippie" (a slang term for a woman of low morale) was occluded by a clap of thunder.
Because the film was considered so scandalous, it has been credited as helping spurn the introduction of the Hays Code.
Box office
The Story of Temple Drake premiered theatrically in the United States on May 12, 1933. According to film historian Lou Sabini, it was one of the highest-earning films of the year.
Critical response
Several protests and critical articles in newspapers appeared after the production company had purchased the rights before the release of the film. Phillips wrote that some critics, while acknowledging the murder of Trigger would be justifiable, believed that it was wrong for the film to justify it. A review published in The Washington Times lambasted the film, describing it as "trash," while the New York American deemed it "shoddy, obnoxiously disagreeable... trashy, sex-plugged piece." Edwin Schallert of the Los Angeles Times was similarly unimpressed, describing the film as "deliberately sordid, unsympathetic, and nearly offensive," as well as "crudely realistic."
Some critics were more favorable in their responses, such as Martin Dickson of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, who deemed the film a "compelling, if not always pleasant, photodrama," adding that Hopkins brings "a vital and credible characterization to the part." The Atlanta Constitution also praised Hopkins' performance as "outstanding," and also praised La Rue as "excellent." Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times heralded the cast as "well chosen," also adding that "Miss Hopkins delivers a capital portrayal."
Home media
The Story of Temple Drake largely remained unavailable to the public after its initial theatrical release, never even receiving television airings in the United States. The Museum of Modern Art restored the film in 2011 and subsequently screened it to the public. The Criterion Collection announced they will be releasing the film on Blu-ray and DVD for the first time on December 3, 2019.
Legacy
Faulkner stated that initially he wished to end the plot at the end of Sanctuary but he decided that, in Degenfelder's words, "Temple's reinterpretation would be dramatic and worthwhile." Degenfelder believes that he may have gotten inspiration for the sequel from The Story of Temple Drake due to common elements between the two.
See also
Pre-Code sex films
References
Sources
External links
Category:1930s crime drama films
Category:1933 films
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:American crime drama films
Category:American films
Category:English-language films
Category:Films about rape
Category:Films about prostitution
Category:Films based on American novels
Category:Films based on works by William Faulkner
Category:Films directed by Stephen Roberts
Category:Films made before the MPAA Production Code
Category:Films set in Mississippi
Category:Films shot in Los Angeles
Category:Paramount Pictures films
Category:Rape and revenge films
Category:Southern Gothic films | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Head of the Family
Head of the Family is a 1996 b movie black comedy released by Full Moon Features. It concerns a Southern couple who blackmail a family of mutants to get money and revenge.
Plot
Howard (Gordon Jennison Noice) is the meanest nastiest thug in town, a Harley riding criminal with a hot wife Loretta (Jacqueline Lovell). Loretta's problem is she's having an affair with Lance (Blake Adams), owner of the town diner and Howard's getting suspicious. Driving back from one of their nightly flings, Lance witnesses the local family of weirdos, the Stackpools, dragging a man from his truck and into their house. Seeing this as an opportunity, Lance discovers the Stackpools terrible secret. They are quintuplets but instead of being born as a normal human, they each have one of the traits of one human being: One is extremely strong; one has extremely well-developed senses; one is extremely attractive (Alexandria Quinn); and, one is extremely intelligent. The whole family is run by the one who has super intelligence, the 'head of the family' from the title, Myron (J.W. Perra). Little more than a giant head with hands in a wheelchair, Myron psychically controls his other siblings, but seeks more. When idiotic locals fall for his trap, he experiments on their brains, trying to find a normal body to house his superior intellect. Lance blackmails the Stackpools with their secret, getting them to kill Howard and demanding $2,000 a week in cash. (The Stackpools are rich in oil and coal among other things) Eventually Myron tires of Lance's bottom-feeding, and captures him and Loretta, to get them to destroy the evidence of their secret. To force Lance's hand, he puts Loretta in a mock play of Joan of Arc in the basement, complete with a burning at the stake. The dumb strong one, seeing the 'pretty girl' in trouble, carries her off before she can be hurt, and burns the house down. With the Stackpools and Lance dead, the ever scheming Loretta realizes that the big dumb one is the heir to the family riches. She marries him inheriting all the Stackpool fortunes. The ending, however, suggests that Myron is still alive and is controlling the dumb one again....
Sequel
On June 25, 2008, director Charles Band announced that he would be making a sequel entitled Bride of the Head of the Family. The sequel had originally been intended to be made in the late 1990s, but the plans for the film fell through. This version never came into fruition.
References
External links
Category:1996 horror films
Category:Full Moon Features films
Category:Films directed by Charles Band
Category:1996 direct-to-video films
Category:1996 films
Category:Films scored by Richard Band | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Jim Dwyer (baseball)
James Edward Dwyer (born January 3, 1950) is a former outfielder who enjoyed an eighteen-year major league career for seven different teams between and . Listed at 5' 10", 185 lb., he batted and threw left-handed.
MLB career
A graduate of St. Laurence High School in Burbank, Illinois, just outside Chicago, Dwyer was selected by the St. Louis Cardinals in the draft out of Southern Illinois University, and he wasted little time in the minor leagues, debuting in the majors in 1973 with the Cardinals. He became known as a fastball hitter who was used mostly against right-handed pitching and played all three outfield positions well.
Midway through the season, he was traded to the Montreal Expos (1975–76). The following season, another midseason trade landed him with the New York Mets (). He rejoined the Cardinals for the season and part of , and later played with the San Francisco Giants (1978) and Boston Red Sox (1979–80). Finally, he found a home with the Baltimore Orioles in .
With Baltimore, Dwyer became a role player as a designated hitter and pinch-hitter. He enjoyed a good season in , hitting .304 (74-for-260) in 71 games, but his most productive year came in , when he appeared in 100 games while hitting .286 with eight home runs and 38 runs batted in, helping his team to reach the World Series, won by Baltimore in five games. In Game One of the Series, Dwyer got the Orioles only run with a solo home run off Philadelphia Phillies pitcher John Denny.
During the season he hit a career-high 15 home runs in 241 at-bats. From 1988-90 Dwyer was technically on five teams, playing with Baltimore (1988[start]) and Montreal (1989 [end]), but he did have three separate stints with Minnesota (1988[end]-1989 [start]; 1990).
For his career, Dwyer was a .260 hitter (719-for-2761) with 77 home runs and 349 RBI in 1328 games, including 409 runs, 115 doubles, 17 triples, 26 stolen bases, and a .353 on-base percentage. In four postseason games he hit .333 (4-for-12), including one home run, two doubles, four runs, and one RBI . He also collected a career 103 pinch-hits. He also played from to 1980 with the Mayagüez Indians of the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League, and following his majors career, Dwyer played for the 1990 Sun City Rays of the Senior Professional Baseball Association.
Highlight
Dwyer, who was one of the most extreme platoon players of the 1980s, started just 11 games in July 1983, playing a complete game just four times that month. Even without playing regularly, he hit .452 in 48 at-bats that month, ranking fifth for the Best Month BA in the all-time list behind Larry Walker (.528 in 68 AB, September 1998 and .513 in 49 AB, September 1999), Jim Rice (.525 in 66 AB, September 1985) and Sean Berry (.524 in 49 AB, August 1998).
In the heat of the Orioles' 1982 pennant race, Jim reached base 13 consecutive times over 4 games against Detroit and Milwaukee (Sept 29 thru Oct 2).
Coaching career
Following his playing career, Jim coached (1991) and managed (1992–94) the triple A Portland Beavers. In , he became hitting coach of the Minnesota Twins' Double-A affiliate, the New Britain Rock Cats, and has remained within the Twins' organization in one capacity or another ever since. He remained with the Rock Cats through before becoming Twins' minor league roving hitting coordinator (-). In 2006, Jim became the hitting coach of Minnesota's advanced A affiliate, the Fort Myers Miracle. He retired in 2016 after 11 years as coach with the Miracle.
See also
MLB all-time pinch hit leaders
References
External links
Baseball Prospectus
BR Bullpen
Retrosheet
Category:1950 births
Category:Living people
Category:American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Category:Arkansas Travelers players
Category:Baltimore Orioles players
Category:Baseball coaches from Illinois
Category:Baseball players from Illinois
Category:Boston Red Sox players
Category:Cedar Rapids Cardinals players
Category:Major League Baseball designated hitters
Category:Major League Baseball first basemen
Category:Major League Baseball outfielders
Category:Minnesota Twins players
Category:Minor league baseball coaches
Category:Minor league baseball managers
Category:Modesto Reds players
Category:Montreal Expos players
Category:New York Mets players
Category:People from Evergreen Park, Illinois
Category:Rochester Red Wings players
Category:San Francisco Giants players
Category:St. Louis Cardinals players
Category:Southern Illinois Salukis baseball players
Category:Sun City Rays players
Category:Tidewater Tides players
Category:Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
Category:Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
Category:Wichita Aeros players | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Third Congress on the French Language in Canada
The Third Congress on the French Language in Canada (French: Troisième Congrès de la langue française au Canada) was held in Quebec City, Montreal and Saint-Hyacinthe, from June 18 to June 26, 1952. The theme of this third congress was "Let us preserve our cultural heritage" (Conservons notre héritage culturel).
Organization
The third Congress on the French Language in Canada occurred only 15 years after the second one held in 1937. The year 1952 corresponded to the 50th anniversary of foundation of the Société du parler français au Canada (SPFC), as well as the centenary of Université Laval. Contrary to the congresses of 1912 and 1937, that of 1952 was organized by the Comité permanent de la survivance française en Amérique (CPSFA) and not directly by the SPFC. The theme of this third congress was "Let us preserve our cultural heritage" (Conservons notre héritage culturel).
The organizing committee, already at work in September 1951, was presided by abbot Adrien Verrette, president of the CPSFA. Members of the committee shared tasks in committees on finances, propaganda, reception, study, public demonstration and ladies. 26 regional committees were created.
The organizing committee wished to amass $75,000 CAD through a subscription, but instead amassed $88,312.67 CAD. This sum, added to a government grant was enough to ensure the production of the event.
As with the preceding congress, an honorary committee was instituted, to which the principal officers of the State and Church were appointed. Lieutenant-governor Gaspard Fauteux and the archbishop of Quebec Mgr Maurice Roy were designated as patrons of the congress. Afterwards came the prime minister of Canada Louis Saint-Laurent and the premier of Quebec Maurice Duplessis as presidents, the archbishop of Montreal Mgr Paul-Émile Léger, chief justice of Canada Thibaudeau Rinfret, Université Laval rector Ferdinand Vandry, chief justice of the supreme court of New Brunswick Enoil Michaud, and Henri T. Ledoux, as vice presidents.
The Académie française delegated its director Robert d'Harcourt. The governments of France and Haïti delegated their consuls.
Progression
Contrary to the two preceding congresses, the Congress of 1952 did not entirely take place in Quebec City. Congress members left Quebec for Montreal on the morning of June 23, and stayed there until their departure for Saint-Hyacinthe on the morning of June 25. During their travelling, members were invited to visit Donnacona, Deschambault, Trois-Rivières, Louiseville, Berthierville and Saint-Jérôme.
The six study sections of the congress were as follow:
Vows
The Congress of 1952 formulated six vows.
The first vow of the Congress was to rename the Comité permanent de la survivance française en Amérique (CPSFA) to Comité de la vie française en Amérique (CVFA).
The second vow renewed the 46 vows of the Congress of 1937, which were considered still valid in 1952.
The third vow pertained to the respect of the French language by the federal government and the ten provinces of Canada.
The fourth vow was concerned with the quality of French on radio, television and cinema.
The fifth vow had to do with the patriotic education of the youth.
With their sixth vow, the congress members wanted to set up a national yearly subscription to support the CVFA.
Notes
References
Martel, Marcel (1997). Le deuil d'un pays imaginé: rêves, luttes et déroute du Canada français : les rapports entre le Québec et la francophonie canadienne, 1867-1975, Ottawa: Presses de l'Université d'Ottawa, 203 p. (preview)
CLFC (1952). Troisième congrès de la langue française, 18-25 juin 1952 : remerciements et vœux du président, Québec: Éditions Ferland, volume 1, 26 p.
CLFC (1952). Troisième congrès de la langue française, 18-25 juin 1952 : compte-rendu, Québec: Éditions Ferland, volume 2, 475 p.
CLFC (1952). Troisième congrès de la langue française, 18-25 juin 1952 : photographies, Québec: Éditions Ferland, volume 3, 64 p.
CLFC (1952). Troisième congrès de la langue française, 18-25 juin 1952 : Mémoires, Québec: Éditions Ferland, volume 4, 390 p.
Category:Quebec French
Category:Languages of the United States
Category:Acadia
Category:French Canada
Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
Category:1952 in Canada
Category:1952 conferences | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
ATR (aircraft manufacturer)
ATR (Aerei da Trasporto Regionale or Avions de transport régional; Regional Transport Airplanes in English) is a Franco-Italian aircraft manufacturer headquartered on the grounds of Toulouse Blagnac International Airport in Blagnac, France.
It was formed during 1981 as a joint venture between Aérospatiale of France (now Airbus) and Aeritalia (now Leonardo) of Italy. The company's prinicipal products are the ATR 42 and ATR 72 aircraft, of which it has developed multiple variants of both types. ATR has sold more than 1,500 aircraft and has over 200 operators in more than 100 countries.
Manufacturing
Leonardo's manufacturing facilities in Pomigliano d'Arco, near Naples, Italy, produce the aircraft's fuselage and tail sections. Aircraft wings are assembled at Sogerma in Bordeaux in western France by Airbus France. Final assembly, flight-testing, certification and deliveries are the responsibility of ATR in Toulouse, France.
History
1980s
During the 1960s and 1970s, European aircraft manufacturers had, for the most part, undergone considerable corporate restructuring, including mergers and consolidations, as well as moved towards collaborative multi-national programmes, such as the newly launched Airbus A300. In line with this trend towards intra-European cooperation, French aerospace company Aérospatiale and Italian aviation conglomerate Aeritalia commenced discussions on the topic of working together to develop an all-new regional airliner. Prior to this, both companies had been independently conducting studies for their own aircraft concepts, the AS 35 design in the case of Aerospatiale and the AIT 230 for Aeritalia, to conform with demand within this sector of the market as early as 1978.
On 4 November 1981, a formal Cooperation Agreement was signed by Aeritalia chairman Renato Bonifacio and Aérospatiale chairman Jacques Mitterrand in Paris, France. This agreement signaled not only the merger of their efforts but of their separate concept designs together into a single complete aircraft design for the purpose of pursuing its development and manufacture as a collaborative joint venture. The consortium targeted a similar unit cost but a fuel consumption over a sector, nearly half the required by its 40-50 seat competitors, the British Aerospace HS.748 and Fokker F.27, and planned a 58-seat ATR XX stretch.
This agreement served not only as the basis and origins of the ATR company, but also as the effective launch point of what would become the fledgling firm's first aircraft, which was designated as the ATR 42. By 1983, ATR's customer services division has been set up, readying infrastructure worldwide to provide support for ATR's upcoming aircraft to any customer regardless of location.
On 16 August 1984, the first model of the type, known as the ATR 42–200, conducted its maiden flight from Toulouse Airport, France. During September 1985, both the French Directorate General for Civil Aviation (DGCA) and the Italian Italian Civil Aviation Authority awarded type certification for the type, clearing it to commence operational service.On 3 December 1985, the first production aircraft, designated as the ATR 42-300, was delivered to French launch customer Air Littoral; the first revenue service was performed later that same month. During January 1986, already confident of the ATR 42's success and of the demand for an enlarged version of the aircraft, ATR announced that the launch of a programme to develop such an aircraft, which was designated as the ATR 72 to reflect its increased passenger capacity.
During 1988, the 200th ATR was delivered to Thai Airways. During September 1989, it was announced that ATR had achieved its original target of 400 sales of the ATR. That same year, deliveries of the enlarged ATR 72 commenced; shortly thereafter, it became common for both types to be ordered together. Since the smaller ATR 42 is assembled on the same production line as the ATR 72, along with sharing the majority of subsystems, components, and manufacturing techniques, the two types support each other to remain in production. This factor may have been crucial as, by 2015, the ATR 42 was the only 50-seat regional aircraft that was still being manufactured.
1990s
During September 1992, the 300th ATR was delivered to Finnish airline Karair.
The 500th ATR was delivered to American Eagle, USA on 5 September 1997.
In order to maintain a technological edge on the highly competitive market for regional airliners during the 1990s, several modifications and improved versions of the ATR 42 were progressively introduced. The initial ATR 42-300 model remained in production until 1996, while the first upgraded (and broadly similar) model, designated as the ATR 42-320, was also produced until 1996. The -320 variant principally differed in that it was powered by a pair of the more-powerful PW121 engines, giving it improved performance over the 300. Another variant, the ATR 42-300QC, was a dedicated 'quick-change' (convertible) freight/passenger version of the standard −300 series.
The next major production version was the ATR 42−500 series, the development of which having been originally announced on 14 June 1993. Performing its maiden flight on 16 September 1994, and awarded certification by the British Civil Aviation Authority and France's (DGCA) during July 1995; the -500 model was an upgraded aircraft, equipped with new PW127 engines, new six-bladed propellers, improved hot and high performance, increased weight capacity and an improved passenger cabin. On 31 October 1995, the first ATR 42-500 was delivered to Italian operator Air Dolomiti; on 19 January 1996, the first revenue service to be performed by the type was conducted. In addition to new aircraft models, various organisational changes were also implemented. On 10 July 1998, ATR launched its new Asset Management Department.
2000s
On 28 April 2000, the 600th ATR, an ATR 72-500, was delivered to Italian operator Air Dolomiti.
The 700th aircraft, an ATR 72-500, was delivered to Indian airline Simplify Deccan, on 8 September 2006.
In June 2001, EADS and Alenia Aeronautica, ATR's parent companies, decided to reinforce their partnership, regrouping all industrial activities related to regional airliners underneath the ATR consortium. On 3 October 2003, ATR became one of the first aircraft manufacturers to be certified under ISO 9001-2000 and EN/AS/JISQ 9100, the worldwide quality standard for the aeronautics industry. During July 2004, ATR and Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer announced a cooperation agreement on the AEROChain Portal for the purpose of delivering improved customer service. During April 2009, ATR announces the launch of its 'Door-2-Door' service as a new option in its comprehensive customer services range.
On 2 October 2007, ATR CEO Stéphane Mayer announced the launch of the −600 series aircraft; the ATR 42–600 and ATR 72–600 featured various improvements to increase efficiency, dispatch reliability, lower fuel burn and operating costs. While broadly similar to the earlier -500 model; differences include the adoption of improved PW127M engines, a new glass cockpit, and a variety of other minor improvements. Using the test registration F-WWLY, the prototype ATR 42–600 first flew on 4 March 2010.
2010s
The 900th aircraft, an ATR 72-500, was delivered to Brazilian airline TRIP Linhas Aéreas on 10 September 2010. During 2011, Royal Air Maroc took delivery of the first ATR 72-600. The 1,000th aircraft was delivered to Spain's Air Nostrum on May 3, 2012. On 15 June 2015, Japan Air Commuter signed a contract for ATR's 1,500th aircraft.
On 1 February 2016, ATR signed a major agreement with Iran Air for 40 ATR 72-600s. The 1,300th ATR, an ATR 72-600, was delivered to NAC for operation by Irish airline Stobart Air on 14 June 2016; that same year, ATR delivered the first ever ATR 72-600 High Capacity aircraft (78 seats) to Cebu Pacific. In October 2016, Christian Scherer was appointed CEO.
In 2017, ATR celebrated its 35th anniversary. On 1 February, ATR and Sweden's BRA performed the first ATR biofuel flight. During August 2017, US regional carrier Silver Airways signed a letter of intent for up to 50 ATR 42, a return in the continental US market since 1997 when American Airlines converted 12 ATR 72 options, due to the rise of regional jets and the American Eagle Flight 4184 crash in 1994. ATR lowered its output to 80 deliveries a year from 2017 and boasts a nearly three-year backlog after FedEx Express' November 2017 order. In 2017, ATR booked 113 firm orders and 40 options, and delivered 80 aircraft: 70 new ATR 72-600s, 8 new ATR 42-600s and 2 second hand ATRs.
By April 2018, the fleet was flying more than 5,000 times per day and had operated 30 million flight hours. By the end of June 2018, Leonardo S.p.A. had shipped the 1,500th ATR fuselage while nearly 1,700 airliners had been ordered; ATR reportedly led the turboprop regional airliner market since 2010 with a 75% share. The company's aircraft were being operated in nearly 100 countries by 200 airlines and 30 million flights has been completed; it was also claimed that an ATR airliner takes off or lands every 8 seconds.
On 13 September, Scherer left its CEO role to replace Eric Schulz as Airbus' Chief Commercial Officer.
ATR replaced Scherer as its chief executive with Stefano Bortoli, president of ATR's board and Leonardo aircraft's senior vice-president for strategy and marketing.
At the end of October, the 1,500th ATR was delivered, an ATR 72-600 to Japan Air Commuter, after nearly 500 ATR 42s and more than 1,000 ATR 72s deliveries to over 200 operators in 100 countries. During 2018, ATR delivered 76 aircraft; the rate of production has held at a stable rate. The company opted to pursue a low-risk strategy, avoiding disruptive measures while opting to integrate relatively straightforward enhancements onto its aircraft, such as the Elbit Systems ClearVision wearable enhanced vision system.
Products
Proposed
ATR 82 – During the mid-1980s, the company investigated a 78-seat derivative of the ATR 72. This would have been powered by two Allison AE2100 turboprops (turbofans were also studied for a time) and would have a cruising speed as high as . The ATR-82 project (as it was dubbed) was suspended when Aero International (Regional) (AI(R)) was formed in early 1996.
ATR stretch – In 2007, as a response to the Q400X proposal, ATR floated the idea of a 90–99 seater stretch. As of 2009, it was considered part of the future -900 series ATR family. In 2011, the 90-seater was proposed to shareholders. As of 2012, a new clean-sheet design has been considered in the 90-seat segment, for a 2017 launch.
For a 2,000–2,500-unit demand over 20 years, developing a 90-seater would cost more than $5bn and should achieve at least a 30% fuel-burn reduction and the unit price needs to stay in the low-to-mid-$20m range, below small jets.
Leonardo S.p.A. prefers a clean-sheet 90-100 seater with new turboprops, wings and cockpit available soon but Airbus favours a medium-term introduction with disruptive hybrid electric engines, structural advanced materials and automation.
In January 2018, Leonardo abandoned the 100 seater prospect, favouring existing ATR 42 and 72 models which dominate the turboprop market with a 75% share.
References
External links
Category:Airbus joint ventures
Category:Multinational aircraft manufacturers
Category:Companies based in Toulouse
Category:1981 establishments in France
Category:1981 establishments in Italy
Category:France–Italy relations
Category:Aerospace companies of Italy
Category:Aerospace companies of France
Category:Aircraft manufacturers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Monument to Dositej Obradović
The monument to Dositej Obradović is located in the Academy Park, Belgrade, Serbia. Obradović was Serbian writer, educator and the reformer from the revolutionary period of the national awakening and rebirth. Also in the park are monuments of the prominent Serbian scientists Josif Pančić and Jovan Cvijić, near Belgrade University.
Design and construction
The monument was built as a result of the initiative of the Serbian Literary Cooperative and Јоvan Skerlić, an admirer of Obradović. After some preliminary discussions for the monument, formal plans were made to construct the monument for the 100 year anniversary of Obradović's death in 1911. The Committee for the Celebration was formed, led by Stojan Novaković and Jovan Skerlić, to plan for a series of festivities and the construction of the monument. The project was supported by the Municipality of Belgrade that provided funding and conducted a competition for Yugoslav artists to design the monument of a full-sized figure of Obradović. Rudolf Valdec was the artist selected from the competition. In an article on the occasion of presentation of the models received for the competition, the magazine New Spark said about the Valdec's design: “Dositej was conceived as a traveller, boldly moved forward by some supernatural power, which was awakened in him. His eyes were directed to the lofty target, to which his feet should carry him. Books under his arm and pen in his hand show his noble mission. It is felt that the way, which he clears before him, goes to the glory and eternity.”
Although it was originally scheduled the monument to be officially unveiled on 1 September 1911, due to the site selection for its set up, this event took place three years later on was officially unveiled on 27 May 1914. in the Square in front of the Hotel “Serbian Crown” (now the City Library of Belgrade).
Description
It was installed as a pair to Karađorđe's monument, unveiled a year before, at the end of the main path banked with the busts of important Serbs. In this way Obradović was brought in direct parallel with the leader of the First Serbian Uprising. The sculpture was placed on a high rectangular plinth on whose front side was carved the following inscription: “To Dositej Obradović, from Grateful Serbian People”, and on the reverse the writer`s motto taken from the Letter to Haralampije: "I will write for the mind, heart and character of the people, for brothers Serbs whatever their law or religion." Obradović is represented in movement, with a hat, books and a stick in his hand, while at the bottom of the plinth there is an inscription of his own words: “He learns walking, looking into the future!”
Academic park
Until the end of the third decade of the 20th century, the monument was at its original location, in the square in front of the Hotel Serbian Crown, when, during the formation of the Academic park on the site of the former Great Market, it was moved to this park as a pair to the monument dedicated to the great Serbian scientist Josif Pančić. The Monument to Dositej Obradović was declared cultural monument in 1967.
Gallery
Notes
References
Further reading
Documentation of the Cultural Heritage Protection Institute of the City of Belgrade – The file of the cultural monument.
М. Тimotijević, The Hero of the Pen: typological genesis of the public national monuments and Valdec`s sculpture of Dositej Obradović, The Heritage, III, Belgrade, 2001, 39–56.
S.Мihajlov, The Monument to Dositej Obradović, the catalogue of the cultural monuments, Belgrade 2011.
Category:1914 sculptures
Category:Monuments and memorials in Belgrade
Category:Monuments and memorials in Serbia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Loup River
The Loup River (pronounced /lup/) is a tributary of the Platte River, approximately long, in central Nebraska in the United States. The river drains a sparsely populated rural agricultural area on the eastern edge of the Great Plains southeast of the Sandhills. The name of the river means "wolf" in French, named by early French trappers after the Skidi band of the Pawnee, whose name means "Wolf People," and who lived along its banks. The river and its tributaries, including the North Loup, Middle Loup, and South Loup, are known colloquially as "the Loups", comprising over 1800 mi (2900 km) of streams and draining approximately one-fifth of Nebraska.
Course
The river is formed in eastern Howard County, approximately northeast of St. Paul and north of Grand Island, by the confluence of the North Loup and Middle Loup rivers. It flows east-northeast, past Fullerton, where it is joined from the north by the Cedar River. It continues east-northeast roughly parallel to the Platte, past Genoa, separated from the Platte by approximately 15 mi (24 km). It joins the Platte from the northwest approximately southeast of Columbus.
A diversion dam southwest of Genoa diverts water to the Loup Canal to hydroelectric facilities in Monroe and then in Columbus. The canal then runs into the Platte a short distance below its confluence with the Loup.
See also
List of Nebraska rivers
French colonization of the Americas
Mormon Trail
References
External links
Trail of the Loup (1906)
Category:Rivers of Nebraska
Category:Bodies of water of Platte County, Nebraska
Category:Bodies of water of Nance County, Nebraska
Category:Bodies of water of Merrick County, Nebraska
Category:Bodies of water of Howard County, Nebraska
Category:Bodies of water of Colfax County, Nebraska
Category:Tributaries of the Platte River | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Vakilabad, Sheshdeh and Qarah Bulaq
Vakilabad (, also Romanized as Vakīlābād) is a village in Sheshdeh Rural District, Sheshdeh and Qarah Bulaq District, Fasa County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 814, in 182 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Fasa County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Todd Helton
Todd Lynn Helton (born August 20, 1973) is an American former professional baseball first baseman who played his entire 17-year career for the Colorado Rockies of Major League Baseball (MLB). A five-time All-Star, four-time Silver Slugger, and three-time Gold Glove Award winner, Helton holds the Colorado Rockies club records for hits (2,519), home runs (369), doubles (592), walks (1,335), runs scored (1,401), runs batted in (RBI, with 1,406), games played (2,247), and total bases (4,292), among others.
Each season from 1999–2004, Helton met or exceeded all of the following totals: .320 batting average, 39 doubles, 30 home runs, 107 runs scored, 96 RBI, .577 slugging percentage and .981 on-base plus slugging. In 2000, he won the batting title with a .372 average, and also led MLB with a .698 slugging percentage, 59 doubles, 147 RBI and the National League with 216 hits. Helton amassed his 2,000th career hit against the Atlanta Braves on May 19, 2009, and his 2,500th against the Cincinnati Reds on September 1, 2013.
High school
Helton attended Central High School in Knoxville, Tennessee and was a letterman in football and baseball. In football, he posted 2,772 total yards as quarterback. In baseball, as a senior, Helton posted a .655 batting average and 12 home runs and was named the Regional Player of the Year. Baseball America also bestowed him with All-American honors for his senior season. Helton was drafted in the 2nd round (55th overall) by the San Diego Padres during the 1992 MLB draft. He did not sign and chose to attend college.
University of Tennessee
Helton received an athletic scholarship from the University of Tennessee to play both football and baseball. He was named a Gatorade Player of the Year for football and baseball in Tennessee. As a freshman and sophomore, he backed up Heath Shuler at quarterback. Entering his junior season in 1994, he was the back-up to senior Jerry Colquitt and ahead of Peyton Manning (then a true freshman). After Colquitt tore knee ligaments in the season opener at UCLA, Helton took over as the starter. Three weeks later against Mississippi State, he suffered a knee injury and was replaced by Manning, who went on to break several records. Helton appeared in 12 games during his career with the Vols football team, completing 41 of 75 passes for 484 yards, four touchdowns and three interceptions.
In baseball, Helton was awarded the Dick Howser Trophy as National Collegiate Baseball Player of the Year, following his junior baseball season in 1995. During his career at Tennessee (1993–1995), he recorded a .370 batting average, with 38 home runs and 238 RBI (both school records). In 1995, he set the Tennessee saves record with 11, while posting a 0.89 ERA. During his career, he pitched 193 innings, registering an ERA of 2.24, with 172 strikeouts and 23 saves. Helton also has the NCAA Division I record for most consecutive scoreless innings, at 47.
Helton spent the summer of 1994 playing for the Orleans Cardinals of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
MLB career
Draft and debut
Helton was drafted in the first round, eighth overall, in the 1995 Major League Baseball draft by the Colorado Rockies. He was signed on August 1, 1995. Helton spent the next couple of years playing for the class-A Asheville Tourists, AA New Haven Ravens, and AAA Colorado Springs Sky Sox before moving on to the major leagues. He made his major-league debut on August 2, 1997, in a 6-5 road loss against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Helton started in left field and flied out in his first at-bat. He recorded his first hit, a single, in his second at-bat off Francisco Córdova. Helton also hit his first home run, a solo shot, that day off Marc Wilkins.
1997–1999: Early career
During the 1997 season, Helton hit .280/.337/.484 (batting average, on-base percentage, slugging percentage), with five home runs, in 35 games played. When Rockies first baseman Andrés Galarraga went to the Atlanta Braves in 1998, Helton became the full-time starter at first base for Colorado during the 1998 season. The Rockies named Helton their club representative in 1998, the first time the team ever gave a rookie that role. He hit .315/.380/.530, with 25 home runs and 97 RBI, in 152 games played. Helton led all major-league rookies in average (.315), home runs (25), RBI (97), multi-hit games (49), total bases (281), slugging percentage (.530) and extra base hits (63). He also led all National League rookies in runs (78), hits (167) and on-base percentage (.380). At the time, only Mike Piazza (35), David Justice (28) and Darryl Strawberry (26) had hit more home runs as an NL rookie since 1972, and only Piazza had more RBI (112). Helton finished second to Kerry Wood of the Chicago Cubs in the voting for National League Rookie of the Year. The Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame named Helton its 1998 Professional Athlete of the Year.
In 1999, Helton had a .320 batting average, .395 on-base percentage and .587 slugging percentage. He also hit 35 home runs and 113 RBI, while drawing 68 walks. On June 19, 1999, in a 10–2 Rockies home win over the Florida Marlins, Helton hit for the cycle. He fell short of hitting a second cycle on four different occasions during the 1999 season, which would have made him only the second player since 1900 (Babe Herman was the first to do so in 1931) to hit two cycles in one season.
2000–2006: Mid-career
Helton enjoyed arguably his best season in 2000, leading the major leagues in batting average (.372), RBI (147), doubles (59), total bases (405), extra base hits (103), slugging percentage (.698) and OPS (1.162). He led the National League in hits (216) and on-base percentage (.463). Helton hit a league-leading home batting average of .391 and placed third in the National League in road batting average (.353). Helton's MLB-leading 103 extra base hits tied for the fourth most in MLB history and the second most in NL history. His National League-leading numbers in on-base percentage, slugging percentage and batting average gave him the "percentage triple crown." Helton became the second Rockies player (Larry Walker in 1999) to accomplish that feat. Helton and Walker made the Rockies the first team in MLB history to record percentage triple crowns in consecutive seasons with different players. Helton became only the fourth player in National League history to lead the NL in both batting average and RBI. He became the first player in National League history and the fifth player in MLB history (Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx and Hank Greenberg are the others) to have at least 200 hits, 40 home runs, 100 RBI, 100 runs, 100 extra base hits and 100 walks in one season.
Helton was invited to his first career Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 2000. He also received National League Player of the Month honors for May and August. He finished fifth in voting for the MVP award. However, the Associated Press, The Sporting News, USA Baseball Alumni and Baseball Digest all named Helton the MLB Player of the Year. Buck O'Neil and the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum presented Helton with the Walter Fenner "Buck" Leonard Legacy Award. Helton was also given the team-honored version of the Roberto Clemente Man of Year Award, for his community contributions to Eastern Tennessee. Furthermore, he was the National League winner of the second annual Hank Aaron Award. Each season from 2000 to 2003, he was named the Rockies Player of the Year. For all of his success, the Colorado Rockies rewarded Helton with a nine-year, $141.5 million contract in April 2001 that took effect in 2003.
The following season, Helton posted a career-high 49 home runs (22 of them occurred away from Coors Field). The 49 home runs tied teammate Larry Walker for the most home runs ever by a Colorado Rockies player in a single season. Additionally, Helton had a .336 batting average, .432 on-base percentage and .685 slugging percentage. He also had 105 extra base hits, making him the first player in MLB history to have at least 100 total extra base hits in back-to-back seasons. Furthermore, Helton attained 402 total bases, making him only the fourth player in MLB history to do so in consecutive seasons (Chuck Klein, Gehrig and Foxx are the others).
Helton appeared in his second consecutive All-Star game in 2001 – his first as a starter. He won his first Gold Glove at first base and was once again a top candidate for MVP, but was overshadowed by Sammy Sosa and Barry Bonds.
In 2002, Helton had a .329 batting average, 30 home runs, 109 RBI, 98 walks, 107 runs, .577 slg % and 319 total bases. He became the first player in Rockies history to score at least 100 runs in four consecutive seasons. He was named Player of the Month for May, as he hit .347 with six doubles, one triple, 10 home runs and 28 RBI during the month. Helton was named to his third consecutive All-Star game – second straight as a starter. He also received his second consecutive Gold Glove.
2003 saw Helton involved in the closest NL batting race in history, as he hit .35849, while St. Louis Cardinals first baseman Albert Pujols finished first with a .35871 batting average. During the season, Helton also had 33 home runs, 117 RBI, 135 runs, 49 doubles and five triples. He won his fourth Player of the Month honor during the month of April, as he hit .337 with six home runs, 27 RBI, 28 runs, 11 doubles and 24 walks. He also appeared in his fourth consecutive All-Star game.
During the 2004 season, Helton again finished second in the NL batting race, as he hit .347, while San Francisco Giants left fielder Barry Bonds hit .362. Helton also had 32 home runs and 96 RBI on the season. He became the first player in MLB history to hit at least .315 with 25 HR and 95 RBI in each of his first seven full seasons in the majors. He became only the third player in MLB history to accomplish that feat during any seven-year stretch in a career (Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth are the others). He set a franchise record by hitting at least 30 home runs in six consecutive seasons. Helton was named to his team-record fifth consecutive All-Star game and won his third Gold Glove during the season.
In 2005, Helton spent time on the disabled list (July 26 – August 9) for the first time in his career with a strained left calf muscle. He hit .320 with 20 home runs, 79 RBI, 92 runs and 45 doubles for the season. He was under 1.000 in OPS (finished with .979 OPS) for the first time since 1999. Helton also wasn't named to the National League All-Star team for the first time since 1999. However, he did end up joining Gehrig and Bill Terry as the only first basemen in MLB history to have at least a .315 batting average in eight consecutive seasons.
The following season, Helton had to spend time on the disabled list again, this time from April 20 – May 4, as he was diagnosed with acute terminal ileitis. He hit .302 with 15 home runs, 81 RBI, 40 doubles, 91 walks and a .404 on-base percentage for the season. He ended the season below .900 in OPS (he had .880 OPS) for the first time since entering the league in 1997 when he only played 35 games that year. Helton finished third on the Rockies roster in 2006 in runs (94), hits (165), doubles (40), total bases (260) and multi-hit games (42).
Also in 2005, St. Louis Cardinals radio broadcaster Wayne Hagin claimed manager Don Baylor said that Helton had "tried the juice" in the 1990s, implying steroid use. Helton vehemently denied the allegation and considered legal action against Hagin. Hagin later apologized clarifying his comments saying he was "referring to supplements, creatine, not steroids" when he said "juiced". Baylor said of his conversation with Hagin "We discussed creatine and that was the end of the conversation. Steroid use was never even a question with me in regards to Todd Helton. [Hagin] has his facts wrong."
2007–2013
Helton's power and RBI production stayed relatively level to his previous year's stats during the 2007 season, as he managed 17 home runs and 91 RBI. Despite these numbers being below his career averages, Helton kept up his string of seven consecutive seasons with an on-base percentage higher than .400, nine consecutive seasons with a batting average above .300, and had also been walked more times than he had struck out (a feat he had accomplished in seven of his first ten full seasons).
Helton recorded his 1,000th career hit at Coors Field on June 20, 2007, in a 6–1 home win over the New York Yankees, becoming only the fifth active player to have 1,000 career hits in one ballpark.
On September 9, 2007, in 4–2 home victory over the San Diego Padres, Helton hit his 35th double of the season. This made him the only player in MLB history to have hit 35 or more doubles in at least 10 consecutive seasons (1998–2007).
Helton hit his 300th career home run on September 16, 2007, in a 13–0 home win over the Florida Marlins. He became the first player to hit 300 home runs for the Colorado Rockies.
Helton made what was arguably the most pivotal play of the Rockies' 2007 season in the second game of a doubleheader against the Los Angeles Dodgers on September 18, 2007. In the bottom of the ninth inning, with two outs and two strikes, Helton hit an emotional two-run walk-off home run off Dodgers closer Takashi Saito. The home run kept the Rockies alive in the bid to win the wild card or National League West title. The Rockies eventually clinched the National League wild card, in a 9–8 extra innings victory over the San Diego Padres in a wild card tiebreaker game, allowing Helton to appear in the playoffs for the first time in his career. Colorado went on to sweep the Philadelphia Phillies in three games of the National League Division Series. Helton hit a triple in the first pitch of his first career playoff at-bat in the opening game against the Phillies at Philadelphia. The Rockies also swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in four games of the National League Championship Series, sending the Rockies on their first trip to the World Series in franchise history. The Rockies went on to lose the World Series to the Boston Red Sox in a four-game sweep.
In August 2008, Helton was diagnosed with a degenerative back condition, putting his health and ability to continue play in question. On May 19, 2009, Helton got his 2,000th hit, a single, as part of an 8–1 road loss to the Atlanta Braves. On July 22, 2009, Helton hit his 500th career double in a 4–3 home victory over the Arizona Diamondbacks. He became the 50th player in MLB history to hit 500 career doubles and the fastest to do since 1954. Helton also joined Babe Ruth, Stan Musial, Lou Gehrig and Ted Williams as the only players in MLB history to have at least 500 doubles, 320 home runs and a .325 batting average for a career. On March 11, 2010, Helton signed a two-year contract extension through the 2013 season. The extension for 2012 and 2013 was worth a total of $9.9 million.
Helton's degenerative back condition sent him back to the disabled list in July 2010. Helton returned from the DL in August and hit .256 with 8 home runs and 37 RBI for the season. After the 2010 season, Helton said he would return to the Rockies in 2011, following rumors of a possible retirement. On February 15, 2011, Helton announced his intention to play baseball for three more years, preferably for the Rockies. On June 30 he played his 2,000th career game. On April 14, 2012, Helton hit a 2-run walk-off home run, his 7th of his career. On July 13, Helton was placed on the 15-day disabled list due to inflammation in his right hip. In 63 games, he was batting .235. After returning from the DL, Helton played only 6 games before announcing that he would have season ending hip surgery in order to prepare for the 2013 season. Helton was healthier in 2013, playing in 124 games while hitting 15 home runs with 61 RBIs.
On September 14, 2013, Helton announced that he would be retiring at the conclusion of the 2013 season. On September 25, 2013, before his last game at Coors Field, Helton was honored by the Rockies Organization in a pre-game ceremony. In the game, Helton hit a home run and three RBI versus the Boston Red Sox.
On Sunday, August 17, 2014, the Rockies retired Helton's number 17 before a 2:05 pm day game at Coors Field. Helton is the first Rockies player to have his number retired in the team's twenty-six year history.
Accomplishments
Baseball Digest All-Star Rookie Team (1998)
Associated Press Major League Baseball All-Star Team (2000)
Baseball Digest Major League Baseball Player of the Year (2000)
USA Baseball Alumni Player of the Year (2000)
Achievements
National League Batting Champion (2000)
National League slugging percentage leader (2000)
National League RBI leader (2000)
National League Doubles leader (2000, Helton hit 59 doubles during the season, which tied Chuck Klein for the third-highest single-season doubles total in NL history.)
Hit for the cycle (June 19, 1999)
Percentage triple crown (2000)
National League Hits leader (2000)
National League On-Base Percentage leader (2000, 2005, 2007)
National League Total Bases leader (2000)
National League Extra Base Hits leader (2000)
Helton is the only player in MLB history to have 100-plus extra base hits in consecutive seasons: 103 in 2000, and 105 in 2001. The only others to do it twice in their careers, but not consecutively, were Lou Gehrig [1927 (117), 1930 (100)] and Chuck Klein [1930 (107), 1932 (103)].
Helton is one of only four players in MLB history (Klein in 1929 and 1930, Jimmie Foxx in 1932 and 1933, along with Gehrig in 1930 and 1931) to have reached 400 total bases in consecutive seasons (405 in 2000, 402 in 2001). Gehrig reached 400 total bases in four seasons (1927, 1930, 1931, 1934), and Klein did so once more (1932). The other players to reach 400 total bases twice in a career, but not consecutively, were Babe Ruth (1921, 1927), Rogers Hornsby (1922, 1929) and Sammy Sosa (1998, 2001).
Helton is one of only five players in MLB history (the first ever in the National League) to have at least 200 hits, 40 home runs, 100 RBI, 100 runs, 100 extra-base hits and 100 walks in one season (2000). The others to do so were Babe Ruth (1921), Lou Gehrig (1927, 1930), Jimmie Foxx (1932) and Hank Greenberg (1937).
Helton is one of only three first baseman in MLB history (Gehrig and Bill Terry are the others) to have at least a .315 batting average in eight consecutive seasons (1998–2005).
Helton ranks No. 8 all-time among first baseman in MLB history in fielding percentage (.9962).
Hit 3 home runs against the Montreal Expos on May 1, 2000 and against the Los Angeles Dodgers on May 29, 2003.
Only player in MLB history to hit 35 or more doubles in at least 10 consecutive seasons (1998–2007).
Colorado Rockies career leader in games played (2,247), at bats (7,962), runs (1,401), hits (2,519), total bases (4,292), doubles (592), home runs (369), RBI (1,406), walks (1,335), and intentional walks (185).
Colorado Rockies number 17 was retired August 17, 2014.
Personal life
Helton's jersey number, 17, is a tribute to former Chicago Cubs first baseman Mark Grace.
Helton and his family – wife Christy and daughters Gentry Grace and Tierney Faith – reside in Knoxville, Tennessee. Helton and his family are good friends with Helton's former Tennessee Volunteers football teammate and former National Football League (NFL) quarterback Peyton Manning.
In 2013, Helton was arrested in Colorado for driving under the influence of alcohol. He was fined $400, received a year of probation, and was ordered to undergo 24 hours of community service. In 2019, Helton was cited for another DUI after crashing his car. He subsequently entered a treatment program.
See also
List of Colorado Rockies team records
List of Gold Glove Award winners at first base
List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle
List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders
List of Major League Baseball batting champions
List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders
List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
List of Major League Baseball doubles records
List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders
List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
List of Major League Baseball leaders in bases on balls
List of Major League Baseball career on-base percentage leaders
List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders
List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders
List of Major League Baseball players with 4000 total bases
List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise
List of National League annual slugging percentage leaders
References
External links
Todd Helton Q&A
Todd Helton's MLB Blog
Todd Helton news
Todd Helton Through the Years
Category:1973 births
Category:Living people
Category:Colorado Rockies players
Category:American football quarterbacks
Category:Baseball players from Tennessee
Category:Major League Baseball first basemen
Category:National League All-Stars
Category:National League batting champions
Category:National League RBI champions
Category:Sportspeople from Knoxville, Tennessee
Category:Tennessee Republicans
Category:Tennessee Volunteers football players
Category:Tennessee Volunteers baseball players
Category:Orleans Firebirds players
Category:Asheville Tourists players
Category:New Haven Ravens players
Category:Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Category:Casper Ghosts players
Category:Grand Junction Rockies players
Category:Silver Slugger Award winners
Category:People from Brighton, Colorado
Category:Major League Baseball players with retired numbers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Camphill Movement
The Camphill Movement is an initiative for social change based on the principles of anthroposophy. Camphill communities are residential communities and schools that provide support for the education, employment, and daily lives of adults and children with developmental disabilities, mental health problems, or other special needs.
There are over 100 Camphill communities in more than 20 countries across Europe, North America, Southern Africa and Asia.
Founding
The movement was founded in 1939 at Kirkton House near Aberdeen by a group that included Austrian paediatrician Karl König. It was König's view that every human being possessed a healthy inner personality that was independent of their physical characteristics, including characteristics marking developmental or mental disability, and the role of the school was to recognize, nurture and educate this essential self. The communities' philosophy, anthroposophy, states that "a perfectly formed spirit and destiny belong to each human being." The underlying principles of König's Camphill school were derived from concepts of education and social life outlined decades earlier by anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925). Today there are over 100 communities worldwide, in more than 20 countries, mainly in Europe, but also in North America and Southern Africa.
History
The Camphill Movement takes its name from Camphill Estate in the Milltimber area of Aberdeen, Scotland, where the Camphill pioneers moved to with their first community for children with special needs in June 1940. Camphill Estate is now a campus of Camphill School Aberdeen. There are six Camphills in the Aberdeen area.
The Camphill School Aberdeen was noted in the HMI/Care Commission report for 2007 as meeting "very good" to "excellent" standards, The school also holds Autism Accreditation from the National Autistic Society.
The Botton village received the Deputy Prime Minister's Award for Sustainable Communities in 2005; the award cited the community's dedication to the ethos of sustainability and mutual respect, as well as their concrete achievements in these areas.
See also
List of Camphill Communities
References
Further reading
The Builders of Camphill: Lives and Destinies of the Founders Edited by Friedwart Bock, Floris Books, 2004
The Lives of Camphill: An Anthology of the Pioneers by Johannes Surkamp Floris Books (23 August 2007)
A Candle on the Hill: Images of Camphill Life by Laurens Van der Post (Foreword), Cornelius Pietzner (Editor) Floris Books; 1st Edition (1 March 1990)
Village Life: The Camphill Communities Edited by Carlo Pietzner, Cornelius Pietzner and Wanda Root, Simon & Schuster (Juv) (January 1987)
External links
Camphill movement website
Camphill communities in England and Wales
Camphill Scotland
Official Karl König Institute
Rudolf Steiner Archive, An Online Library
Category:International educational organizations
Category:Organizations established in 1939
Category:Intentional communities
Category:Anthroposophy
Category:Special education
Category:History of mental health in the United Kingdom
Category:1939 establishments in Scotland
Category:British intentional communities | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
What I've Been Looking For
"What I've Been Looking For" is a song from the Disney Channel Original Movie High School Musical (2006). The song was written and produced by Andy Dodd and Adam Watts, and it was included on the film soundtrack of the same name. Ashley Tisdale and Lucas Grabeel sing it in a fast tempo. A reprise version, titled "What I've Been Looking For (Reprise)" was also recorded, but in a slow tempo. It is credited to be performed by Zac Efron and Vanessa Hudgens, although Efron vocals were mixed with those of Drew Seeley.
"What I've Been Looking For" received positive reviews by music critics, being compared to Broadway musical performances. It peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and at number 34 on the Billboard Pop 100. Meanwhile, the reprise version peaked at number 66 and number 53, respectively on the same charts. The Spanish-language version of the soundtrack included a cover version by Mexican synthpop group Belanova, titled "Eres Tú", and the Brazilian group Ludov covered it for the Brazilian version of the soundtrack, titled as "O Que Eu Procurava".
Composition
"What I've Been Looking For" was written and produced by Andy Dodd and Adam Watts. According to its music sheet, it was composed using common time in the key of A major, with a tempo of 142 beats per minute. It is a teen pop song built on the chord progression A–D–A/C♯–Bm7–E, and it was written in the common verse–chorus form. Ashley Tisdale and Lucas Grabeel, acting as the siblings Sharpay and Ryan Evans, perform the song in the Disney Channel Original Movie High School Musical (2006). Grabeel's vocals span from A3 to the note F♯5.
A reprise version of "What I've Been Looking For" was also composed and credited to be sung by Zac Efron and Vanessa Hudgens, performing as Troy Bolton and Gabriella Montez. Later, it was revealed that Efron's singing voice was mixed with that of Drew Seeley.
Promotion
In High School Musical, "What I've Been Looking For" was composed by Kelsi Nielsen (portrayed by Olesya Rulin). Sharpay and Ryan Evans sing an uptempo version of the song as their audition song for a role in the East High's upcoming winter musical Twinkle Towne. During the audition, the Evans dance and sing on stage. Later, Gabriella Montez tries to audition but Ms. Darbus (Alyson Reed) tells Gabriella she lacks of a co-singer, so Troy Bolton offers himself. Then, Ms. Darbus explains them it is too late to audition. As Kelsi leaves, she drops her music sheets so Troy and Gabrielle help her. Kelsi then ask them to sing her song, in which Kelsi plays in the piano. A hidden Ms. Darbus listens to it, and then offers them a "callback audition".
"What I've Been Looking For" and its reprise version were included on the setlist for the High School Musical live cast concert, titled High School Musical: The Concert, and both versions were included in its live album (2007). Seeley replaced Efron's character during the shows. "What I've Been Looking For" was also included in the video game High School Musical: Sing It! (2007).
In 2006, the song was covered by Mexican synthpop band Belanova for the Spanish-language version of High School Musical, titled "Eres Tú". Brazilian group Ludov also covered the song, their version was titled "O Que Eu Procurava". During the filming of the commercials for the DVD High School Musical: Encore Edition, eighth grader from Exeter Township Junior High School Samantha Sostak and her sister performed the song with cast member Corbin Bleu.
Critical reception
"What I've Been Looking For" received positive reviews from music critics. Heather Phares wrote for AllMusic the song "flirts with satire" in its usage in the film because "[Sharpay and Ryan are] threatened by these upstarts from other cliques invading their territory", in reference of Troy and Gabriella's performance. Phares considered its medoly "so bright" and Tisdale and Grabeel's vocals "so relentlessly cheery, it sounds like a parody of a show tune". A writer for Talkin' Broadway echoed this view, describing the song as "a clever parody of Broadway styles". Chris Willman, for Entertainment Weekly, compared the song with "You Are The Music In Me", a song included in the sequel High School Musical 2. He wrote "both an earnest Troy/Gabriella duet and an insincere (but more fun) showstopper for self-absorbed Sharpay". A reviewer for Common Sense Media highlighted the track. Commenting on the reprise, DVD Verdict said it "is a little soft". The Christian Broadcasting Network offered a spiritual analysis of the song: "[it is] a great opportunity to look at who God is and His character, including the fact that He's always with us."
Chart performance
In the United States, "What I've Been Looking For" peaked at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 and 34 on the Pop 100 chart. The song was eventually certified as gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. The reprise version appeared in the same charts, reaching the numbers 66 and 53, respectively. In the United Kingdom, "What I've Been Looking For" debuted and peaked at number 155 on the UK Singles Chart.
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Certifications
References
External links
Category:2006 songs
Category:Ashley Tisdale songs
Category:Lucas Grabeel songs
Category:Songs from High School Musical
Category:Vanessa Hudgens songs
Category:Zac Efron songs
Category:Songs written by Adam Watts (musician)
Category:Songs written by Andy Dodd | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Katonga River
The Katonga River is a river in Uganda, in East Africa.
Location and description
The Katonga River is located in the southwestern part of Uganda. Its channel is continuous between Lake Victoria and Lake George, reflecting that it once drained away from Lake Victoria into Lake George along its entire length. Regional uplifting events between the two lakes associated with the western limb (Albertine Rift) of the geologically active East African Rift system, has caused the swampy region to the southwest of Lake Wamala to become the new watershed for the Katonga River, which now principally flows east into Lake Victoria, augmented by several tributaries along its course. This watershed is located approximately 0°13'N 30°39'E near the Katonga Wildlife Reserve, and at a distance of more than 120km from Lake Victoria. During wet seasons, raised water levels in the vicinity of its swampy watershed will occasionally force some water to flow west from this point into the western section of the Katonga River which feeds Lake George, but the bulk of the flow still continues eastwards into Lake Victoria. West of its watershed, the Katonga River is also fed by several tributaries along its course to Lake George.
External links
Katonga Wildlife Reserve
Katonga River
Rivers and Lakes of Uganda
See also
Lake Edward
References
Category:Rivers of Uganda
*
Category:Kalungu District
Category:Bukomansimbi District
Category:Mpigi District
Category:Butambala District
Category:Gomba District
Category:Mityana District
Category:Sembabule District
Category:Kiruhura District
Category:Mubende District
Category:Ibanda District
Category:Kamwenge District | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Puerto Quito Canton
Puerto Quito is a canton in Pichincha Province, Ecuador. It has only one parish, the urban parish of Puerto Quito, which is also the seat of the canton.
References
External links
Map of Pichincha Province
Category:Cantons of Pichincha Province | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Tarradeh, Rudbar
Tarradeh (, also Romanized as Ţarrādeh) is a village in Rudbar Rural District, in the Central District of Rudbar-e Jonubi County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19, in 4 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Rudbar-e Jonubi County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Francesco Albanese
Francesco Albanese (13 August 1912 in Torre del Greco, Naples – 11 June 2005 in Rome) was a lyric tenor, particularly associated with the Italian repertory.
Albanese studied in Rome with Francesco Salfi, and made his stage debut in 1940, at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma, as Evandre in Gluck's Alceste, where he remained until 1942, also singing Almaviva, Fenton, Rinuccio.
In 1942, he made debut at La Fenice in Venice, as Ramiro, at the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in Florence, as Don Ottavio, and at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, as Fenton.
After the war, he began appearing abroad, notably at the Teatro Nacional de São Carlos in Lisbon, the Royal Opera House in London, the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires, and the Hungarian Opera House in Budapest.
His roles included; Nemorino in L'elisir d'amore, Jeník in Bedřich Smetana's La sposa venduta, Ernesto in Don Pasquale, Ismaele in Nabucco, Faust in Faust, Rodolfo in La bohème, Giuliano in Gustave Charpentier's Luisa, Wolfgang Capito in Paul Hindemith's Mathis il pintore, Avito in Italo Montemezzi's L'amore dei tre re, Giasone in Luigi Cherubini's Medea, Pilade in Christoph Willibald Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride and Rinaldo in Gioachino Rossini's Armida, etc.
Albanese had a fine, well-schooled voice. He can be heard on record in Armida (1952), La traviata (1953) and Iphigénie en Tauride (1957), in each of these opposite Maria Callas.
Sources
Grove Music Online, Elizabeth Forbes, Oxford University Press, April 2008.
External links
http://www.naxos.com/artistinfo/bio7007.htm
Category:1912 births
Category:2005 deaths
Category:Musicians from Naples
Category:Italian operatic tenors
Category:People from Torre del Greco
Category:20th-century Italian opera singers
Category:20th-century male singers | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Peter McGill
Peter McGill (August 1789 – September 28, 1860) was a Scots-Quebecer businessman who served as the second mayor of Montreal, Canada East from 1840 to 1842.
Biography
He was born Peter McCutcheon in the village of Creebridge, Wigtownshire (now Dumfries and Galloway) in Scotland. In 1821, he changed his name when he became the heir of his uncle John McGill, at the latter's request.
McGill held a seat in the Legislative Council of Lower Canada from 1832 to 1837, the Special Council of Lower Canada from 1838 to 1841, and the Legislative Council of the United Provinces from 1841 to 1860.
McGill served as president of the Bank of Montreal from 1834 to 1860. He founded the first railway company in Canada in 1834. It is he, rather than James McGill, who is depicted in the stained-glass mural in the McGill station of the Montreal metro, even though the station is named for its proximity to McGill University.
McGill was St. Andrew's Society of Montreal’s first president.
Rue Peter-McGill in Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve borough is named after him.
On his passing in 1860, Peter McGill was interred in Montreal's Mount Royal Cemetery.
References
External links
Category:1789 births
Category:1860 deaths
Category:Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
Category:Bank of Montreal presidents
Category:Businesspeople from Montreal
Category:Members of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada
Category:Members of the Special Council of Lower Canada
Category:Members of the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada
Category:Mayors of Montreal
Category:People from Dumfries and Galloway
Category:Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Category:Mount Royal Cemetery burials | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
1940 PGA Championship
The 1940 PGA Championship was the 23rd PGA Championship, held August 26 to September 2 at Hershey Country Club in Hershey, Pennsylvania, east of Harrisburg. Then a match play championship, Byron Nelson won his first PGA Championship, defeating Sam Snead 1 up in the 36-hole final. It was the third of Nelson's five major titles; he won the PGA Championship again in 1945. From 1939 to 1945, Nelson made five of the six finals, missing only in 1942 (not held in 1943).
Defending champion and host professional Henry Picard lost in the third round to Gene Sarazen. Also out in the third round was five-time champion Walter Hagen, age 47, in his last PGA Championship match. He gained his last win in the second round over Vic Ghezzi, the champion the following year in 1941. Hagen ended his career with a 40–10 () match record in the event. He played one last time at age 49 in the qualifier in 1942, but did not advance to match play.
Heavy rains on Saturday stopped play halfway through the semifinals which were completed on Sunday; the final round was pushed back to Monday, which was Labor Day.
Dick Metz was the medalist in the stroke play qualifier at 140 (−6); he lost 2 & 1 in the third round to Nelson. Two-time champion Denny Shute qualified at 151, but was rushed to a local hospital for an emergency appendectomy that night.
Format
The match play format at the PGA Championship in 1940 called for 12 rounds (216 holes) in seven days:
Monday and Tuesday – 36-hole stroke play qualifier, 18 holes per day;
defending champion and top 63 professionals advanced to match play
Wednesday – first two rounds, 18 holes each
Thursday – third round – 36 holes
Friday – quarterfinals – 36 holes
Saturday – semifinals – 36 holes (finished on Sunday)
Sunday – final – 36 holes (played on Monday)
Past champions in the field
Failed to qualify
Source:
Final results
Monday, September 2, 1940
Source:
Final eight bracket
Final match scorecards
Morning
Afternoon
Source:
References
External links
PGA Media Guide 2012
About.com – 1940 PGA Championship
PGA.com – 1940 PGA Championship
Category:PGA Championship
Category:Golf in Pennsylvania
Category:Hershey, Pennsylvania
PGA Championship
PGA Championship
PGA Championship
PGA Championship
PGA Championship | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Alexander Bridge
Alexander Bridge is the name of a locality, and bridges over the Blackwood River in the South West of Western Australia.
The locality had a range of groups of people from the area involved in sports clubs, usually from communities very close such as Witchcliffe.
The first bridge was built in 1897 and destroyed in a 1982 flood.
It has camping facilities, and is similar to other bridge locations on the river like Sues Bridge, which is in the Blackwood River National Park.
Notes
Category:Blackwood River
Category:Bridges in Western Australia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Gregorio Fernandez
Dr. Gregorio Montenemayor-Fernández (May 25, 1904 – March 11, 1973) also known as Gregorio Fernandez was a film actor and director, and father of Rudy Fernandez.
Filmography
Director
Actor
Screenwriter
References
External links
Category:Filipino film directors
Category:Filipino screenwriters
Category:1904 births
Category:1973 deaths
Category:Male actors from Pampanga
Category:Fernandez family
Category:Kapampangan people
Category:People from Quezon City
Category:Burials at The Heritage Park
Category:20th-century Filipino male actors
Category:20th-century Filipino writers
Category:Filipino male film actors | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Robert Casey (journalist)
Robert Joseph Casey (1890-1962) was a decorated combat veteran and distinguished Chicago-based newspaper correspondent and columnist.
Casey was born March 14, 1890, in Beresford, South Dakota, and attended St. Mary's College in St. Marys, Kansas from 1907 to 1911. Casey enlisted in the Army in 1918 and served at Verdun and Meuse-Argonne as an artilleryman. He earned three citations for bravery in combat before his discharge as a captain in 1919. Casey later wrote (anonymously) The Cannoneers Have Hairy Ears: A Diary of the Front Lines about his wartime experiences, and this book was acclaimed for its gritty and realistic depictions of an American soldier in World War I.
In 1920, Casey joined the Chicago Daily News, where he worked as a columnist and foreign correspondent for twenty-seven years. Casey wrote features, chronicled the Chicago gang wars of the era, and compiled "slice of life" stories, which were published in the paper under column titles "Vest Pocket Anthology," "Such Interesting People," and "More Interesting People."
During the 1920s and 1930s, Casey traveled through Indochina, Cuba, Pitcairn Islands and Easter Island, and many other sites, and wrote about his adventures in newspaper columns and books. In 1940, Casey covered the blitz in London and its aftermath; he was also in Hawaii and the Pacific right after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December, 1941.
After his coverage of World War II in France, Africa, and the Pacific, Casey came back to Chicago to write. He had been married to Marie Driscoll, who died in 1945; in 1946 Casey married Hazel MacDonald, a reporter and fellow Chicago-based foreign correspondent he first met in 1933. After Casey's retirement from the Daily News in 1947, he continued to write books and freelance newspaper articles. In 1955, he was named Press Veteran of the Year by the Chicago Press Veterans Association.
After being under treatment for several years for a heart condition and high blood pressure, Casey died of a stroke on Dec. 5, 1962 in Evanston, Illinois at the age of 72.
External links
Robert J. Casey Papers at Newberry Library
Category:1890 births
Category:1962 deaths
Category:People from Beresford, South Dakota
Category:Military personnel from South Dakota
Category:St. Mary's College (Kansas) alumni
Category:American male journalists
Category:Journalists from South Dakota
Category:Chicago Daily News people | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Weinbergen
Weinbergen is a former municipality in the Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis district of Thuringia, Germany. Since 1 January 2019, it is part of the town Mühlhausen.
References
Category:Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis
Category:Bezirk Erfurt
Category:Former municipalities in Thuringia | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1218
United Nations Security Council resolution 1218, adopted unanimously on 22 December 1998, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Cyprus, the Council addressed the peace process surrounding the Cyprus dispute and called upon both parties to co-operate with the Secretary-General.
The Security Council expressed concern at the lack of progress towards an overall political settlement in Cyprus. It endorsed the initiative of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to reduce tension promote progress on the island between the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus, and commended both sides for their constructive efforts. The Secretary-General was urged to continue the objectives taking into account Resolution 1178 (1998), and to work intensively on the following issues:
(a) Refraining from threats or use of violence;
(b) To limit and reduce the presence of foreign troops on the island;
(c) Implementing proposals recommended by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus to reduce tensions along the Buffer Zone;
(d) Further progress in reducing tension;
(e) Making progress on substantive issues;
(f) Other measures to build co-operation and trust.
Both parties were urged to comply with the aforementioned issues and the Secretary-General was requested to keep the Council updated on progress.
See also
Annan Plan for Cyprus
Cyprus dispute
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1201 to 1300 (1998–2000)
Turkish Invasion of Cyprus
References
External links
Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
1218
1218
Category:1998 in Cyprus
Category:December 1998 events | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Guyana at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics
Guyana competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea.
One athlete, 400m sprinter Aliann Pompey, was
announced to represent the country
in the event.
Results
Women
References
External links
Official local organising committee website
Official IAAF competition website
Category:Nations at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics
World Championships in Athletics
Category:Guyana at the World Championships in Athletics | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
ArmadilloCon
ArmadilloCon is a science fiction convention held annually in Austin, Texas, USA, since 1979. As the second longest running science fiction convention in Texas, it is sponsored by the Fandom Association of Central Texas and is known for its emphasis on literary science fiction. ArmadilloCon was traditionally held in mid-October during the weekend of the Texas-OU football game, but moved to a late-summer/early-fall weekend in 1998. The 34th annual convention was held in the Renaissance Hotel Austin from July 27–29, 2012. ArmadilloCon 35 in 2013 was a "relaxicon" due to the 71st World Science Fiction Convention to be held in San Antonio that year.
Traditions of ArmadilloCon
ArmadilloCon generally focuses on literary science-fiction, with guests of honor typically being up-and-coming writers. Unique programming includes a "Fannish Feud" which has been held regularly since ArmadilloCon 4 in 1982, and has been hosted by Pat Cadigan, Walter Jon Williams, and Rhonda Eudaly. The convention typically includes a large number of readings, and often ends with a story reading by Howard Waldrop.
A key element of the convention is the ArmadilloCon Writers' Workshop. The workshop was started in 1998, instigated by Chairs A.T. Campbell III and Lori Wolf. The workshop is held during the day on the Friday of the convention, with a Writers' Track of sessions available during the rest of the weekend.
Past conventions
ArmadilloCon 1 (May 11–13, 1979)
Chair: Willie Siros
Guest of Honor: John Varley
Fan Guest: Jeanne Gomoll
Toastmaster: Howard Waldrop
Location: Villa Capri
ArmadilloCon 2 (October 3–5, 1980)
Chair: Willie Siros
Guest of Honor: Gardner Dozois
Fan Guest: Harry O. Morris
Toastmaster: Chad Oliver
ArmadilloCon 3 (October 1981)
Chair: Willie Siros
Guest of Honor: Chad Oliver
Fan Guest: Bob Wayne
Toastmaster: Ed Bryant
Location: Ramada Riverside
ArmadilloCon 4 (October 1–3, 1982)
Chair: Ed Scarbrough
Guests of Honor: George Alec Effinger and George R. R. Martin
Fan Guest: Joe Pumilia
Toastmaster: Ed Bryant
ArmadilloCon 5 (October 7–9, 1983)
Chair: Ed Scarborough
Guest of Honor: Howard Waldrop
Fan Guest: Becky Matthews
Toastmaster: Neal Barrett, Jr.
Location: Villa Capri Motor Hotel
ArmadilloCon 6 (October 5–7, 1984)
Chair: Ed Scarborough
Guest of Honor: John Sladek
Fan Guests: James A. Corrick and Gay Miller Corrick
Toastmaster: Joe R. Lansdale
Special Guest: Ellen Datlow
ArmadilloCon 7 (1985)
Relaxacon after the third occasional North American Science Fiction Convention, dubbed "LoneStarCon 1", was held in Austin.
ArmadilloCon 8 (October 10–12, 1986)
Chair: Robert Taylor
Guest of Honor: William Gibson
Editor Guest: Ellen Datlow
Fan Guest: Debbie Notkin
Toastmaster: Lewis Shiner
ArmadilloCon 9 (October 9–11, 1987)
Chair: Fred Duarte, Jr.
Guest of Honor: Bruce Sterling
Artist Guest: J. R. Daniels
Editor Guest: Beth Meacham
Fan Guest: Mark Olson
Toastmaster: Pat Cadigan
ArmadilloCon 10 (October 7–9, 1988)
Chairs: Fred Duarte, Jr. and Karen Meschke
Guest of Honor: K. W. Jeter
Artist Guest: Brad W. Foster
Editor Guest: Ginjer Buchanan
Fan Guests: Jane Dennis and Scott Dennis
Toastmaster: Lewis Shiner
Location: Wyndham Southpark
ArmadilloCon 11 (October 13–15, 1989)
Chair: Karen Meschke
Guest of Honor: Lewis Shiner
Artist Guest: Don Ivan Punchatz
Editor Guest: Pat LoBrutto
Fan Guest: Mike Glyer
Toastmaster: Connie Willis
Special Guests: William Gibson and Tom Maddox (sponsored by MCC)
Location: Wyndham Southpark
ArmadilloCon 12 (October 12–14, 1990)
Chair: Ed Graham
Guest of Honor: Pat Cadigan
Artist Guest: Jean Elizabeth Martin
Editor Guest: Susan Allison
Fan Guest: Debbie Hodgkinson
Toastmaster: Melinda M. Snodgrass
Special Guests: Vernor Vinge and Marc Stiegler (sponsored by MCC)
Location: Wyndham Southpark
ArmadilloCon 13 (October 11–13, 1991)
Chair: Casey Hamilton
Guest of Honor: Dan Simmons
Artist Guest: Dell Harris
Editor Guest: Amy Stout
Fan Guest: Pat Mueller
Toastmistress: Emma Bull
Location: Wyndham Southpark
ArmadilloCon 14 (October 9–11, 1992)
Chairs: Lori Wolf and Fred Duarte, Jr.
Guest of Honor: Neal Barrett, Jr.
Artist Guest: Darrell K. Sweet
Editor Guest: Gardner Dozois
Fan Guest: Allan Jackson
Toastmaster: Kim Stanley Robinson
Location: Wyndham Southpark
ArmadilloCon 15 (November 5–7, 1993)
Chairs: Willie Siros and Lori Wolf
Guest of Honor: Gwyneth Jones (novelist)
Artist Guest: Harry O. Morris
Editor Guest: John Douglas
Toastmaster: Michael Bishop (author)
Location: Red Lion
ArmadilloCon 16 (October 7–9, 1994)
Chairs: Ed Graham and Casey Hamilton
Guest of Honor: Elizabeth Moon
Artist Guest: David A. Cherry
Editor Guest: Gordon Van Gelder
Fan Guest: Gregory Benford
Toastmaster: Bradley Denton
Special Guest: Guy Gavriel Kay
Location: Red Lion
ArmadilloCon 17 (October 6–8, 1995)
Chairs: Fred Duarte, Jr. and Dan Tolliver
Guest of Honor: Alexander Jablokov
Artist Guest: Vincent Di Fate
Editor Guest: John Silbersack
Fan Guests: Dick Smith and Leah Zeldes Smith
Toastmaster: Terry Bisson
Location: Red Lion
ArmadilloCon 18 (October 11–13, 1996)
Chair: Dan Tolliver
Guest of Honor: Jonathan Lethem
Artist Guest: Bob Eggleton
Editor Guest: Patrick Nielsen Hayden
Fan Guests: Spike Parsons and Tom Becker
Toastmaster: Mike Resnick
Location: Red Lion
ArmadilloCon 19 (1997)
Relaxacon after the 55th World Science Fiction Convention, dubbed "LoneStarCon 2", was held in San Antonio.
Chair: John Gibbons
Guest of Honor: Mary Rosenblum
Location: Hunt, Texas
ArmadilloCon 20 (August 28–30, 1998)
Chairs: A. T. Campbell, III and Lori Wolf
Guest of Honor: Bradley Denton
Artist Guest: Mitchell Bentley
Editor Guest: David G. Hartwell
Fan Guest: Peggy Ranson
Toastmaster: Steven Gould
Special Guest: Peter F. Hamilton (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Omni Southpark
ArmadilloCon 21 (September 10–12, 1999)
Chairs: Mona Gamboa and John Gibbons
Guest of Honor: Sean Stewart
Artist Guest: Wayne Barlowe
Editor Guest: Shawna McCarthy
Fan Guest: Harry Stubbs
Toastmaster: William Browning Spencer
Special Guest: Neil Gaiman (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Omni Southpark
ArmadilloCon 22 (August 18–20, 2000)
Chairs: John Gibbons and Dan Tolliver
Guest of Honor: Catherine Asaro
Artist Guest: Adam "Mojo" Lebowitz
Editor Guest: Betsy Mitchell
Fan Guest: Robert Taylor
Toastmaster: Mary Doria Russell
Special Guest: Kathleen Ann Goonan (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Omni Southpark
ArmadilloCon 23 (November 16–18, 2001)
Chairs: Renee Babcock and Lori Wolf
Guest of Honor: J. Gregory Keyes
Artist Guest: John Jude Palencar
Editor Guest: Toni Weisskopf
Fan Guest: Teddy Harvia
Toastmaster: Walter Jon Williams
Special Guest: Esther Friesner (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Austin Hilton North
ArmadilloCon 24 (August 16–18, 2002)
Chairs: Renee Babcock and Charles Siros
Guest of Honor: Martha Wells
Artist Guests: Frank Cho and Scott Kurtz
Editor Guest: Tom Doherty
Fan Guests: Kurt Baty and Scott Bobo
Toastmaster: Joe R. Lansdale
Special Guest: Robin Hobb (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Omni Southpark
ArmadilloCon 25 (August 8–10, 2003)
Chair: John Gibbons
Guest of Honor: Kage Baker
Fan Guest: Willie Siros
Toastmaster: Aaron Allston
Editor Guest: Anne Groell
Artist Guest: John Picacio
Special Guest: Vernor Vinge
Location: Austin Hilton North
ArmadilloCon 26 (August 13–15, 2004)
Chairs: Kimm Antell and Chuck Siros
Guest of Honor: Sharon Shinn
Fan Guest: Chaz "Hazel" Boston Baden
Toastmaster: K. D. Wentworth
Editor Guest: Stanley Schmidt
Artist Guest: Charles Vess
Mystery Guests of Honor: Charlaine Harris & Barbara Hambly (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Austin Hilton North
ArmadilloCon 27 (August 19–21, 2005)
Chairs: Renee Babcock and John Gibbons
Guest of Honor: Charles Stross
Fan Guests: Jim & Laurie Mann
Toastmaster: Charles de Lint
Editor Guest: Jim Minz
Artist Guest: Ctein
Special Guest: Sean McMullen (sponsored by ALAMO)
Location: Doubletree Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 28 (August 11–13, 2006)
Chair: Kimm Antell
Guest of Honor: Julie E. Czerneda
Fan Guest: Grant Kruger
Toastmaster: Esther Friesner
Editor Guest: Diana Gill
Artist Guest: Ellisa Mitchell
Special Guest: James P. Hogan
Location: Doubletree Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 29 (August 10–12, 2007)
Chair: Renee Babcock
Guest of Honor: Louise Marley
Fan Guest: Patty Wells
Toastmaster: Howard Waldrop
Editor Guest: Sharyn November
Artist Guest: Gary Lippincott
Location: Doubletree Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 30 (August 15–17, 2008)
Chairs: Kurt Baty and Chuck Siros
Guest of Honor: John Scalzi
Artist Guest: David Lee Anderson
Fan Guest: Kelly Persons
Toastmaster: Bill Crider
Editor Guest: Sheila Williams
Special Guests: Gay Haldeman and Joe Haldeman
Location: Doubletree Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 31 (August 14–16, 2009)
Chair: Kimm Antell
Guest of Honor: Scott Lynch
Artist Guest: Stephan Martinière (cancelled)
Editor Guest: Chris Roberson
Fan Guest: Karen Meschke
Toastmaster: Scott A. Cupp
Special Guest: Joan D. Vinge
Location: Doubletree Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 32 (August 27–29, 2010)
Chairs: Elizabeth Burton and Dan Tolliver
Guest of Honor: Rachel Caine
Artist Guest: Cat Conrad
Editor Guest: Anne Sowards
Fan Guest: Elspeth Bloodgood
Toastmaster: Nancy Kress
Urban Fantasy Special Guest: Ilona Andrews
Steampunk Special Guest: Michael Bishop
Location: Renaissance Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 33 (August 26–28, 2011)
Chairs: Jennifer Juday and Charles Siros
Guest of Honor: Paolo Bacigalupi
Artist Guest: Vincent Villafranca
Editor Guest: Lou Anders
Fan Guest: Fred Duarte, Jr.
Toastmaster: Mark Finn
Special Guests: Emma Bull and Will Shetterly
Location: Renaissance Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 34 (July 27–29, 2012)
Chair: Sara Felix
Guest of Honor: Anne Bishop
Fan Guest: Bill Parker
Editor Guest: Liz Gorinsky
Special Guest: Chloe Neill
Artist Guest: Julie Dillon
Toastmaster: A. Lee Martinez
Location: Renaissance Hotel Austin
ArmadilloCon 35 / GlyptoCon 3 (October 25–27, 2013)
Relaxacon after the 71st World Science Fiction Convention, dubbed "LoneStarCon 3", was held in San Antonio.
Chair: Willie Siros
Location: Canyon Lake, Texas
ArmadilloCon 36 (July 25–27, 2014)
Chair: Kimm Antell
Guest of Honor: Ted Chiang
Fan Guest: Michael Walsh
Editor Guest: Jacob Weisman
Artist Guest: Stephanie Pui-Mun Law
Science Guest: Sigrid Close
Special Guest: Ian McDonald
Toastmaster: Mario Acevedo
Location: Omni Southpark Hotel
ArmadilloCon 37 (July 24–26, 2015)
Chairs: Jennifer Juday & Charles Siros
Guest of Honor: Ken Liu
Special Guest: James Morrow
Fan Guest: John DeNardo (SF Signal)
Editor Guest: Timmel Duchamp
Artist Guest: Rocky Kelley
Toastmaster: Stina Leicht
Location: Omni Southpark Hotel
ArmadilloCon 38 (July 29-31, 2016)
Chair: Charles Siros
Guest of Honor: Wesley Chu
Fan Guest: Ken Keller
Editor Guest: Joe Monti
Artist Guest: Christina Hess
Special Guest: Dominick Saponaro
Toastmaster: Joe McKinney (author)
Location: Omni Southpark Hotel
ArmadilloCon 39 (August 4-6, 2017)
Chair: John Gibbons
Guest of Honor: Nisi Shawl
Special Guest: Tamora Pierce
Artist Guest Mark A. Nelson
Fan Guest: A.T. Campbell, III
Toastmaster: Don Webb
Location: Omni Southpark Hotel
ArmadilloCon 40 (August 3-5, 2018)
Chair: Jennifer Juday
Guest of Honor: Deji Bryce Olukotun
Special Guest: Holly Black
Special Guest: Robert J. Sawyer
Artist Guest: Rosemary Valero-O'Connell
Fan Guest: Craig W. Chrissinger
Toastmaster: Aaron de Orive
Location: Omni Southpark Hotel
Upcoming convention
ArmadilloCon 41 (August 2-4, 2019)
Chair: Jennifer Juday
Location: Omni Southpark Hotel
References
External links
ArmadilloCon official site
Fandom Association of Central Texas
Houston SF Ritual Breakfast main page
Category:Science fiction conventions in the United States
Category:Culture of Austin, Texas
Category:Conventions in Texas
Category:1979 establishments in the United States
Category:Recurring events established in 1979 | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
The Hanging Tree
The Hanging Tree is a 1959 Technicolor Western film directed by Delmer Daves, based on the novelette, The Hanging Tree, written by Dorothy M. Johnson in 1957. Karl Malden took over directing duties for several days when Daves fell ill. The film stars Gary Cooper, Maria Schell, George C. Scott and Malden and is set in the gold fields of Montana during the gold rush of the 1860s and '70s. The story follows a doctor who saves a criminal from a lynch mob, then learns of the man's past and tries to manipulate him.
This marked the first film for Scott. He and Malden later teamed for 1970's Patton, for which Scott won an Oscar.
Plot
Joseph Frail (Gary Cooper)—doctor, gambler, gunslinger—rides into the small town of Skull Creek, Montana, with miners in a gold rush, looking to set up a doctor's office. He passes by the "hanging tree," an old oak with a thick branch over which has been slung a rope with a frayed end, presumably a former noose.
He rescues and treats Rune (Ben Piazza), a young man who was shot by "Frenchy" (Karl Malden) while trying to steal gold from a sluice. Frail forces Rune into temporary servitude with the threat of revealing he is the thief.
A stagecoach is robbed and overturned, killing the driver and a male passenger. A search party is formed, and Frenchy finds the sole survivor, Swiss immigrant Elizabeth Mahler (Maria Schell), daughter of the male passenger.
Crippled by burns, blindness and dehydration, Elizabeth is moved into a house next to the doctor's house to recover. The placement causes much chagrin among the town's righteous women, who believe that Elizabeth may be paying for her medical care through illicit behavior.
Frenchy sneaks in under the guise of trying to strike a business deal with Elizabeth, but instead tries to kiss her. Frail witnesses the aggression and chases Frenchy back to town. Frail beats him up and threatens to kill him. Meanwhile, a faith healer named Dr. Grubb (George C. Scott) sees Frail's medical practice as a threat.
Elizabeth eventually regains her sight and makes romantic overtures toward Frail. He rejects her. She leaves in a huff, determined to strike it rich as a prospector so that she can pay off Frail and get out from under his control.
She teams up with Rune and Frenchy, who plan to buy a claim and set up a sluice. To get money, she pawns a family heirloom necklace. It is worthless, but Frail secretly tells the storekeeper to loan her however much money she needs. Thus Frail secretly continues to control her.
She finds out and asks Frail why he did not respond to her affection. He reveals that his wife had an affair with his own brother. He found them together, both dead, an apparent murder-suicide. In a rage, he burned down his house with their bodies in it. He tells Elizabeth he is "not allowed to forget."
Elizabeth, Frenchy and Rune strike it rich on their claim, finding a "glory hole" of gold under a large tree stump. They ride into town, tossing a few pieces of gold to the townsfolk. Frenchy, overwhelmed by his sudden importance in the town, uses some of the gold to buy whiskey for everyone. The gaiety quickly turns into a riot of the lawless town members led by Dr. Grubb. While the lawful citizens of the town are engaged in fighting fires set by Grubb, Frenchy takes advantage of the commotion to make advances on Elizabeth. Her disinterest sparks a brutal physical assault as he attempts to rape her. Frail again catches Frenchy just in time. A fistfight ensues. Frenchy pulls his pistol and shoots, but misses. Frail kills Frenchy.
Seeing his opportunity to remove his "competition", Grubb incites the mob to lynch Frail. They carry him to the hanging tree, tie his hands, and stand him up in a wagon bed, the rope around his neck. Rune and Elizabeth rush in carrying their gold and the deed to their claim. Elizabeth offers everything to the townsfolk if they will let Frail live. As the mob turns on itself in the struggle to grab the gold and the deed, the lynch party disperses.
Elizabeth now feels she has finally repaid Frail in full. Rune slips the noose off, and Elizabeth turns to walk away. Frail calls out her name. She turns back, and steps to the end of the wagon. He kneels down, cups her chin with both hands, and they touch foreheads, while a ballad plays in the background.
Cast
Gary Cooper as Doc Frail
Karl Malden as "Frenchy" Plante
Maria Schell as Elizabeth Mahler
George C. Scott as Grubb
Karl Swenson as Tom Flaunce
Ben Piazza as Rune
Virginia Gregg as Edna Flaunce
John Dierkes as Society Red
King Donovan as Wonder
Production
The film was the first one for Cooper's Baroda Productions company. It was also the first film produced by former talent agents Martin Jurow and Richard Shepherd.
Principal photography was shot on location in the Oak Creek Wildlife Area, in the mountains west of Yakima, Washington. The scenes during the opening credits and title, where Gary Cooper rides alongside the river on horseback with a pack horse in tow, were filmed about mid-June in 1958, just northeast of Goose Prairie, Washington, along the north bank of the Bumping River. The fictional small gold mining town of Skull Creek was a temporary film set constructed along the south side of Little Rattlesnake Creek by its confluence with Rattlesnake Creek, just southwest of Nile, Washington.
With the direction of Ted McCord, A.S.C., Directory of Photography for The Hanging Tree, made use of full-aperture photography and reduction printing to improve the grain quality of the film. This process involves widening the aperture of the camera to capture a larger image, then reducing the image back to standard size in post-production. While this achieves the greatest effect jumping from larger formats like 65mm film, Ted McCord used 35mm film and extended to aperture to the sprocket holes on the film. When shooting a subject from 100 feet, this extended the width of the shot from 42 feet to 48 feet.
Soundtrack
Marty Robbins performed the title song that was nominated for best song at the 32nd Annual Academy Awards and the 1960 Golden Laurel Award for Best Song. The lyrics contain a short reference to the film's story. It was also released on the reissue of the album Gunfighter Ballads and Trail Songs (1959) by Marty Robbins, who performed this song in the opening credits of this film. A known cover-version is by Frankie Laine who performed this song at the 32nd Academy Awards.
The film's score was composed by Max Steiner.
The Hanging Tree
Lyrics by Mack David
Music by Jerry Livingston
Vocal by Marty Robbins
Reception
The film was received well by audiences and critics at its 1959 debut. Film Bulletin drew a parallel between the "glory hole" of gold Elizabeth and Rune discover and the profits of the film. The well-rounded casting, beautiful landscapes, and Marty Robbins title song all contributed to the film's success.
See also
List of American films of 1959
References
External links
Category:1959 films
Category:1950s Western (genre) films
Category:American films
Category:American Western (genre) films
Category:Films based on works by Dorothy M. Johnson
Category:Films directed by Delmer Daves
Category:Films directed by Karl Malden
Category:Films scored by Max Steiner
Category:Films set in Montana
Category:Warner Bros. films
Category:Films based on American novels
Category:Films with screenplays by Wendell Mayes | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
ProCurve
HP ProCurve was the name of the networking division of Hewlett-Packard from 1998 to 2010 and associated with the products that it sold. The name of the division was changed to HP Networking in September 2010 after HP bought 3Com Corporation.
History
The HP division that became the HP ProCurve division began in Roseville, California, in 1979. Originally it was part of HP's Data Systems Division (DSD) and known as DSD-Roseville. Later, it was called the Roseville Networks Division (RND), then the Workgroup Networks Division (WND), before becoming the ProCurve Networking Business (PNB). The trademark filing date for the ProCurve name was February 25, 1998. On August 11, 2008 HP announced the acquisition of Colubris Networks, a maker of wireless networking products. This completed on October 1, 2008. In November 2008, HP ProCurve was moved into HP's largest business division, the Technology Services Group organization, with HP Enterprise Account Managers being compensated for sales.
In November 2009, HP announced its intent to acquire 3Com Corporation for $2.7B. In April 2010, HP completed its acquisition.
At Interop Las Vegas in April 2010, HP began publicly using HP Networking as the name for its networking division
Products
A variety of different networking products have been made by HP. The first products were named EtherTwist while printer connectivity products carried the JetDirect name. As the EtherTwist name faded, most of HP's networking products were given AdvanceStack names. Later, the then-ProCurve division began to offer LAN switches, Core, Datacenter, Distribution, Edge, Web managed and Unmanaged Switches. The ProCurve was also used with Network Management, Routing and Security products.
Notable uses
The International Space Station makes use of customized HP switches (model 2524 Switches) sold while the HP division was known as ProCurve. CERN uses HP switches throughout their campus including providing the networking needs for the Large Hadron Collider.
References
Category:Networking hardware
Category:Networking hardware companies
Category:Telecommunications equipment vendors
Category:Networking companies of the United States
Category:Hewlett-Packard products | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Baba Hasan-e Jonubi
Baba Hasan-e Jonubi (, also Romanized as Bābā Ḩasan-e Jonūbī and Bābā Ḩasan-e Janūbī; also known as Bābā Ḩasanī, Bahasani, and Bah Ḩasanī) is a village in Liravi-ye Shomali Rural District, in the Central District of Deylam County, Bushehr Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 65, in 16 families.
References
Category:Populated places in Deylam County | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Acmanthina albipuncta
Acmanthina albipuncta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Ñuble Province, Chile and in Argentina.
References
Category:Moths described in 2000
Category:Euliini
Category:Moths of South America | {
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.