tororoin/wiki20_tokenized · Datasets at Hugging Face

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17164968	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Steel%20%28wrestler%29	Harry Steel (wrestler)	Harry Steel (April 18, 1899 – October 8, 1971) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, where he won a gold medal in the freestyle heavyweight division. Steel initially did not make the U.S. team at first, but the wrestler who was supposed to go ended up not being able to. Harry was called up to the team and went on to win the Olympic gold medal. Steel wrestled and played football at Ohio State University, where he lettered in both sports. In his senior year he was the undefeated Western Conference (now the Big Ten) heavyweight wrestling champion. He was inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame in 1980. References 1899 births 1971 deaths Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics American male sport wrestlers Olympic gold medalists for the United States in wrestling Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics People from Morrow County, Ohio	[ 18308, 7851, 357, 16784, 1248, 11, 47465, 784, 3267, 807, 11, 16382, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 34845, 290, 11514, 8783, 13, 679, 32440, 379, 262, 37547, 11514, 5776, 287, 6342, 11, 810, 339, 1839, 257, 3869, 18279, 287, 262, 2030, 10992, 32489, 7297, 13, 7851, 7317, 750, 407, 787, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 1074, 379, 717, 11, 475, 262, 34845, 508, 373, 4385, 284, 467, 4444, 510, 407, 852, 1498, 284, 13, 5850, 373, 1444, 510, 284, 262, 1074, 290, 1816, 319, 284, 1592, 262, 11514, 3869, 18279, 13, 198, 198, 39807, 10419, 992, 290, 2826, 4346, 379, 6835, 1812, 2059, 11, 810, 339, 1309, 4400, 287, 1111, 5701, 13, 554, 465, 4664, 614, 339, 373, 262, 198, 917, 36807, 4885, 8785, 357, 2197, 262, 4403, 9368, 8, 32489, 16381, 8783, 13, 679, 373, 28948, 276, 656, 262, 6835, 1812, 569, 45826, 440, 4789, 286, 18864, 287, 7169, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 1507, 2079, 27244, 198, 41208, 7040, 198, 54, 2118, 8116, 379, 262, 37547, 10216, 14935, 198, 7437, 4257, 6332, 41758, 198, 46, 6760, 291, 3869, 18279, 1023, 329, 262, 1578, 1829, 287, 16381, 198, 9921, 282, 1023, 379, 262, 37547, 10216, 14935, 198, 8061, 422, 34693, 3418, 11, 6835 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17164971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Hanoun%20April%202008%20incident	Beit Hanoun April 2008 incident	On April 28, 2008, an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) attack took place in close proximity to a Palestinian family in Beit Hanoun. The IDF claimed that Palestinian gunmen they had targeted, were most probably carrying explosives which caused the civilian deaths immediately after its assault while Palestinian residents in Beit Hanoun claimed the explosion was a result of Israeli tank fire. Five members of the Abu Maateq family (mother and four children) were killed and a militant and farmer were also killed. The Incident Early on April 28, Israeli ground forces entered Beit Hanoun, a town near the border of the Gaza Strip to clamp down on militants in the area. During the offensive, a shell from a tank landed through the ceiling of a home, immediately killing the five family members eating breakfast. The child victims were aged one to six. An Israeli military spokesman said the purpose of the operation was to eliminate all snipers, tunnel diggers and Qassam rocket crews in the area. In response to the Israeli incursion, Palestinian militants fired on Israeli troops, slightly wounding one of them. Israeli fighter jets fired on militant positions, causing a massive explosion, apparently from bombs being held by the militants. The IDF claimed the resulting explosion was responsible for the destruction of the nearby house. Palestinian doctors and residents of Beit Hanoun claim Israeli tank fire was the cause of the explosion, however Israel says it was the explosives that the militants were carrying. In a separate incident in Beit Hanoun, an Islamic Jihad gunmen and a farmer were killed. Palestinian reaction Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas said the incident "does not serve efforts being exerted to achieve calm, and it obstructs the peace process". The husband and father of the family, Ahmad Abu Maataq said, I left the house just moments before to look for one of my children. I heard the sound of the explosion, and when I returned to the house I found my wife and my children... I hope to God that the same thing that happened to me happens to whoever fired that missile at my house, that what happened to my wife and children happens to his family References Beit Hanoun Israeli attacks against the Gaza Strip Beit Hanoun	[ 2202, 3035, 2579, 11, 3648, 11, 281, 2692, 5947, 12700, 357, 2389, 37, 8, 1368, 1718, 1295, 287, 1969, 20387, 284, 257, 8501, 1641, 287, 1355, 270, 9530, 977, 13, 383, 33389, 4752, 326, 8501, 35141, 484, 550, 7977, 11, 547, 749, 2192, 6872, 20732, 543, 4073, 262, 11107, 7040, 3393, 706, 663, 4641, 981, 8501, 5085, 287, 1355, 270, 9530, 977, 4752, 262, 11278, 373, 257, 1255, 286, 6085, 6873, 2046, 13, 198, 198, 20029, 1866, 286, 262, 13098, 6669, 378, 80, 1641, 357, 13552, 290, 1440, 1751, 8, 547, 2923, 290, 257, 18614, 290, 18739, 547, 635, 2923, 13, 198, 198, 464, 32731, 198, 20457, 319, 3035, 2579, 11, 6085, 2323, 3386, 5982, 1355, 270, 9530, 977, 11, 257, 3240, 1474, 262, 4865, 286, 262, 11010, 18508, 284, 29405, 866, 319, 13162, 287, 262, 1989, 13, 5856, 262, 5859, 11, 257, 7582, 422, 257, 6873, 11406, 832, 262, 13387, 286, 257, 1363, 11, 3393, 5170, 262, 1936, 1641, 1866, 6600, 12607, 13, 383, 1200, 4970, 547, 9722, 530, 284, 2237, 13, 1052, 6085, 2422, 6523, 531, 262, 4007, 286, 262, 4905, 373, 284, 11005, 477, 50238, 11, 13275, 3100, 5355, 290, 1195, 562, 321, 10701, 18936, 287, 262, 1989, 13, 554, 2882, 284, 262, 6085, 753, 24197, 11, 8501, 13162, 6294, 319, 6085, 6553, 11, 4622, 40942, 530, 286, 606, 13, 6085, 10543, 20792, 6294, 319, 18614, 6116, 11, 6666, 257, 4858, 11278, 11, 5729, 422, 12134, 852, 2714, 416, 262, 13162, 13, 383, 33389, 4752, 262, 7186, 11278, 373, 4497, 329, 262, 8166, 286, 262, 6716, 2156, 13, 8501, 7519, 290, 5085, 286, 1355, 270, 9530, 977, 1624, 6085, 6873, 2046, 373, 262, 2728, 286, 262, 11278, 11, 2158, 2692, 1139, 340, 373, 262, 20732, 326, 262, 13162, 547, 6872, 13, 198, 198, 818, 257, 4553, 4519, 287, 1355, 270, 9530, 977, 11, 281, 5533, 35243, 35141, 290, 257, 18739, 547, 2923, 13, 198, 198, 35969, 6317, 198, 35969, 1893, 38554, 28354, 531, 262, 4519, 366, 22437, 407, 4691, 4040, 852, 48322, 284, 4620, 9480, 11, 290, 340, 26520, 82, 262, 4167, 1429, 1911, 383, 5229, 290, 2988, 286, 262, 1641, 11, 24152, 13098, 6669, 1045, 80, 531, 11, 220, 198, 40, 1364, 262, 2156, 655, 7188, 878, 284, 804, 329, 530, 286, 616, 1751, 13, 314, 2982, 262, 2128, 286, 262, 11278, 11, 290, 618, 314, 4504, 284, 262, 2156, 314, 1043, 616, 3656, 290, 616, 1751, 986, 314, 2911, 284, 1793, 326, 262, 976, 1517, 326, 3022, 284, 502, 4325, 284, 16958, 6294, 326, 10105, 379, 616, 2156, 11, 326, 644, 3022, 284, 616, 3656, 290, 1751, 4325, 284, 465, 1641, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 3856, 270, 9530, 977, 198, 29818, 3434, 1028, 262, 11010, 18508, 198, 3856, 270, 9530, 977 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17164988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andajes%20District	Andajes District	Andajes District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. It is located in the northern highlands of the department of Lima Province Oyón 23 km to the NW of the town of Churín at an altitud of 3,487 meters. Andajes historic village the land of "Martyrs of Democracy" cradle of delicacies called by the investigator Antonio Raimondi "Balcony of the Andes". It was created politically January 2, 1857, by General Ramón Castilla. Currently there are annexes: La Chimba and San Benito. Etymologically the term Andajes place names comer from two Quechua. "Anta" means copper and "Jaja" or "casha" which means thorn. Another version is that it was named by Spanish Andaxes and eventually led to Andajes. References External links [ Andajes District Municipality] [Lima Regional Government - Tourism - Andajes] [Rural Webside Andajes Lima (Perú)] [Map of travelers - Andajes (Perú)] [Traveler daily - Andajes (Perú)] [Hotels, ecotourism, rented rooms, hostels, bed & breakfast Andajes (Perú)] [Church - Andajes (Perú)] [Education - Andajes (Perú)] [Water Festival - Andajes (Perú)] [Folkloric songs - Andajes (Perú)] [Blancmange Festival - Andajes (Perú)] [Water festival pictures - Andajes (Perú)] [Caporales Party- Andajes (Perú)] [Additional axes - Peru Truth Commission Report] [Sol de oro and other memories - En Andajes] [Map - Andajes] [Archaeological Complex Antashuay - Andajes] [Archaeological site Antashuay - Andajes] [Traveler Pictures Churín 2010 - Antashuay - Andajes] [Churín Spa] 1857 establishments in Peru	[ 1870, 1228, 274, 5665, 318, 530, 286, 2237, 12815, 286, 262, 8473, 39447, 18840, 287, 25768, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 5140, 287, 262, 7840, 1029, 4447, 286, 262, 5011, 286, 41578, 22783, 39447, 18840, 2242, 1849, 13276, 284, 262, 21966, 286, 262, 3240, 286, 609, 333, 39588, 379, 281, 5988, 26331, 286, 513, 11, 35133, 10700, 13, 198, 198, 1870, 1228, 274, 9566, 7404, 262, 1956, 286, 366, 13143, 48489, 286, 20265, 1, 49147, 286, 8675, 13433, 1444, 416, 262, 20725, 11366, 371, 1385, 623, 72, 366, 24597, 1102, 88, 286, 262, 843, 274, 1911, 632, 373, 2727, 11889, 3269, 362, 11, 1248, 3553, 11, 416, 3611, 7431, 18840, 5833, 5049, 13, 16888, 612, 389, 22768, 274, 25, 4689, 28466, 7012, 290, 2986, 3932, 10094, 13, 198, 198, 36, 774, 76, 13437, 262, 3381, 843, 1228, 274, 1295, 3891, 401, 263, 422, 734, 4670, 354, 6413, 13, 366, 13217, 64, 1, 1724, 15317, 290, 366, 41, 27792, 1, 393, 366, 66, 14715, 1, 543, 1724, 38999, 13, 6023, 2196, 318, 326, 340, 373, 3706, 416, 7897, 843, 897, 274, 290, 4191, 2957, 284, 843, 1228, 274, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 685, 843, 1228, 274, 5665, 27338, 1483, 60, 198, 220, 685, 43, 8083, 15994, 5070, 532, 42057, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 60, 198, 685, 49, 1523, 47736, 485, 843, 1228, 274, 41578, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 220, 685, 13912, 286, 23325, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 220, 685, 33074, 263, 4445, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 220, 220, 685, 21352, 1424, 11, 9940, 313, 454, 1042, 11, 26399, 9519, 11, 2583, 1424, 11, 3996, 1222, 12607, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 685, 46686, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 220, 685, 41183, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 685, 19184, 11117, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 220, 685, 37, 13597, 4685, 291, 7259, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 685, 3629, 1192, 805, 469, 11117, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 685, 19184, 10876, 5986, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 685, 34, 12687, 2040, 3615, 12, 843, 1228, 274, 357, 5990, 21356, 15437, 198, 685, 17699, 34197, 532, 25768, 14056, 4513, 6358, 60, 198, 685, 36949, 390, 267, 305, 290, 584, 9846, 532, 2039, 843, 1228, 274, 60, 198, 685, 13912, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 60, 198, 685, 19895, 3609, 2770, 19157, 3738, 1077, 30106, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 60, 198, 220, 685, 19895, 3609, 2770, 2524, 3738, 1077, 30106, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 60, 198, 220, 220, 685, 33074, 263, 220, 20051, 609, 333, 39588, 3050, 532, 3738, 1077, 30106, 532, 843, 1228, 274, 60, 198, 685, 1925, 333, 39588, 40208, 60, 198, 198, 1507, 3553, 33228, 287, 25768 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17164993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caujul%20District	Caujul District	Caujul District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. See also Mataqucha References	[ 34, 559, 73, 377, 5665, 318, 530, 286, 2237, 12815, 286, 262, 8473, 39447, 18840, 287, 25768, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 45332, 421, 11693, 198, 198, 19927 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17164996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochamarca%20District	Cochamarca District	Cochamarca (from Quechua Qucha Marka or Quchamarka, meaning "lake village") is one of six districts of the Oyón Province in Peru. Geography One of the highest peaks of the district is Punta Ch'uraq at approximately . Other mountains are listed below: References	[ 34, 5374, 321, 5605, 64, 357, 6738, 4670, 354, 6413, 1195, 48022, 2940, 64, 393, 1195, 794, 321, 668, 64, 11, 3616, 366, 27180, 7404, 4943, 318, 530, 286, 2237, 12815, 286, 262, 220, 39447, 18840, 22783, 287, 25768, 13, 198, 198, 10082, 4867, 220, 198, 3198, 286, 262, 4511, 25740, 286, 262, 4783, 318, 350, 44424, 609, 6, 5330, 80, 379, 6702, 764, 3819, 12269, 389, 5610, 2174, 25, 198, 198, 19927 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navan%20District	Navan District	Navan District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. References	[ 45, 12421, 5665, 318, 530, 286, 2237, 12815, 286, 262, 8473, 39447, 18840, 287, 25768, 13, 198, 198, 19927 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oy%C3%B3n%20District	Oyón District	Oyón District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. Geography The Rawra mountain range and the Rumi Cruz mountain range traverse the district. Some of the highest peaks of the district are listed below: See also Chawpiqucha References	[ 46, 88, 18840, 5665, 318, 530, 286, 2237, 12815, 286, 262, 8473, 39447, 18840, 287, 25768, 13, 198, 198, 10082, 4867, 220, 198, 464, 16089, 430, 8598, 2837, 290, 262, 371, 12994, 8742, 8598, 2837, 38138, 262, 4783, 13, 2773, 286, 262, 4511, 25740, 286, 262, 4783, 389, 5610, 2174, 25, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 609, 707, 79, 1557, 11693, 198, 198, 19927 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naya%20Roop%20Nayi%20Zindagi	Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi	Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi is a reality television show that aired on Sony TV, from May 1, 2008 to July 3, 2008. The show was an Indian version of the American show Extreme Makeover. It is anchored by Mona Singh, popularly known as Jassi. Concept The 10-week reality show consists of 10 candidates who undergo facial correction surgeries — reconstructive and cosmetic, dental and eye surgeries combined with fitness, diet and styling. Each story is about the skin deep transformation and a completely new change in life. It is a journey equivalent to getting a new life, from styling to fitness and counseling to dream fulfillment. In the 10 weeks ordinary people, through the medium of TV, meet extraordinary experts who work with them to help them reach their full physical and emotional potential. Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi was directed by Bimal Unnikrishnan for Miditech on behalf of Sony Entertainment Television. The script narrator was Rajiv Pandey. References External links Official Site on Sony TV Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi on Miditech Sony Entertainment Television original programming Indian reality television series	[ 45, 11729, 5564, 404, 38808, 72, 1168, 521, 18013, 318, 257, 3950, 5581, 905, 326, 18530, 319, 10184, 3195, 11, 422, 1737, 352, 11, 3648, 284, 2901, 513, 11, 3648, 13, 383, 905, 373, 281, 3942, 2196, 286, 262, 1605, 905, 18111, 6889, 2502, 13, 632, 318, 39871, 416, 2892, 64, 14403, 11, 2968, 306, 1900, 355, 449, 46527, 13, 198, 198, 3103, 984, 220, 198, 464, 838, 12, 10464, 3950, 905, 10874, 286, 838, 5871, 508, 17777, 16324, 17137, 33624, 851, 31081, 425, 290, 27284, 11, 22727, 290, 4151, 33624, 5929, 351, 13547, 11, 5496, 290, 35517, 13, 5501, 1621, 318, 546, 262, 4168, 2769, 13389, 290, 257, 3190, 649, 1487, 287, 1204, 13, 632, 318, 257, 7002, 7548, 284, 1972, 257, 649, 1204, 11, 422, 35517, 284, 13547, 290, 21951, 284, 4320, 32402, 13, 554, 262, 838, 2745, 8850, 661, 11, 832, 262, 7090, 286, 3195, 11, 1826, 11359, 6154, 508, 670, 351, 606, 284, 1037, 606, 3151, 511, 1336, 3518, 290, 7016, 2785, 13, 198, 198, 45, 11729, 5564, 404, 38808, 72, 1168, 521, 18013, 373, 7924, 416, 347, 4402, 791, 17187, 37518, 12647, 329, 7215, 45396, 319, 8378, 286, 10184, 11058, 21516, 13, 383, 4226, 32339, 373, 13308, 452, 16492, 2959, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 28529, 14413, 319, 10184, 3195, 198, 45, 11729, 5564, 404, 38808, 72, 1168, 521, 18013, 319, 7215, 45396, 198, 198, 32895, 11058, 21516, 2656, 8300, 198, 30821, 3950, 5581, 2168 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165015	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachangara%20District	Pachangara District	Pachangara District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. References	[ 47, 620, 648, 3301, 5665, 318, 530, 286, 2237, 12815, 286, 262, 8473, 39447, 18840, 287, 25768, 13, 198, 198, 19927 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165026	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Shubin	Zhang Shubin	Zhang Shubin (; born February 16, 1966, in Harbin) is a Chinese former competitive figure skater. He is the 1985 Winter Universiade champion, 1986 Asian Winter Games silver medalist, and 1986 Fujifilm Trophy bronze medalist. He placed 20th at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and 25th at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. He retired from competitive skating in 1992 and became a coach. He is the father of American businessman Raymond Zhang. Results References Skatabase: 1988 Winter Olympics Chinese male single skaters 1966 births Living people Figure skaters from Harbin Olympic figure skaters for China Figure skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics Figure skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics Asian Games medalists in figure skating Figure skaters at the 1986 Asian Winter Games Medalists at the 1986 Asian Winter Games Asian Games silver medalists for China Universiade medalists in figure skating FISU World University Games gold medalists for China Competitors at the 1985 Winter Universiade	[ 57, 33255, 911, 549, 259, 357, 26, 4642, 3945, 1467, 11, 19322, 11, 287, 2113, 8800, 8, 318, 257, 3999, 1966, 7606, 3785, 1341, 729, 13, 679, 318, 262, 12863, 10633, 26986, 72, 671, 8783, 11, 12113, 7740, 10633, 5776, 8465, 18279, 396, 11, 290, 12113, 32671, 361, 346, 76, 25640, 22101, 18279, 396, 13, 679, 4624, 1160, 400, 379, 262, 12122, 10633, 14935, 287, 17842, 290, 1679, 400, 379, 262, 9768, 10633, 14935, 287, 9966, 4244, 13, 679, 9880, 422, 7606, 33051, 287, 9768, 290, 2627, 257, 3985, 13, 679, 318, 262, 2988, 286, 1605, 19834, 24238, 19439, 13, 198, 198, 25468, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 220, 198, 3661, 265, 5754, 25, 12122, 10633, 14935, 198, 198, 23604, 4257, 2060, 1341, 8605, 198, 44227, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 11337, 1341, 8605, 422, 2113, 8800, 198, 46, 6760, 291, 3785, 1341, 8605, 329, 2807, 198, 11337, 1341, 8605, 379, 262, 9768, 10633, 14935, 198, 11337, 1341, 8605, 379, 262, 12122, 10633, 14935, 198, 43224, 5776, 18279, 1023, 287, 3785, 33051, 198, 11337, 1341, 8605, 379, 262, 12113, 7740, 10633, 5776, 198, 198, 9921, 282, 1023, 379, 262, 12113, 7740, 10633, 5776, 198, 43224, 5776, 8465, 18279, 1023, 329, 2807, 198, 3118, 1191, 72, 671, 18279, 1023, 287, 3785, 33051, 198, 37, 1797, 52, 2159, 2059, 5776, 3869, 18279, 1023, 329, 2807, 198, 7293, 316, 6742, 379, 262, 12863, 10633, 26986, 72, 671 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Carlotta	Villa Carlotta	Villa Carlotta is a villa and botanical garden in Tremezzo on Lake Como in Northern Italy. Today the villa is a museum, whose collection includes works by sculptors such as Antonio Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen, and Giovanni Migliara; painters such as Francesco Hayez; and furniture pieces of previous owners. The villa, whose architect is unknown, was completed in 1745. History Clerici family The Clerici family rose from rural origins in the northern region of Lake Como to become successful silk merchants due to the efforts of Giorgio (1575-1660) and his sons Pietro Antonio (1599-1675), who was made a Marquis, and Carlo (1615-1677) who became owner of numerous palaces in Milan and Brianza. Carlo's son, the Milanese marquis Giorgio Clerici, became a senator in 1684 was nominated in 1717 to be President of the Senate. In 1690, he decided to establish a country estate on ancestral lakeside land at Tremezzo. The estate was complete in its initial form by 1695, and the garden was first mentioned in 1699. Upon the death of Giorgio Clerici, his great-grandson Anton Giorgio Clerici (1715-1768) inherited the family fortune, and completed the villa in 1745. He died after having dissipated nearly all of his fortune building the Palazzo Clerici in Milan, forcing his heirs to sell their Lake Como property. Sommariva In 1801, Anton Giorgio's only daughter, Claudia Caterina Clerici (the wife of Count Vitaliano Bigli), sold the property to Giovanni Battista Sommariva, a banker and politician who had risen from barber's apprentice to a position of power in Napoleon Bonaparte's government in Northern Italy. In 1802, he was a candidate for vice president of the Republic of Italy, but Napoleon selected Francesco Melzi d'Eril for the post instead. With his political career thwarted, Sommariva retired from public life and devoted his time to collecting art. Sommariva modified the villa to bring it in line with early 19th-century taste, adding balconies to take in the lake view and installing a large clock on the facade, He commissioned works from artists, including the sculptors Antonio Canova and Bertel Thorwaldsen, and the painter Francesco Fidanza, whose works feature in the villa today. He built a domed family chapel and a mausoleum near the lake shore, and transformed part of the park into a romantic garden in the English style. For a time the house was known as Villa Sommariva. Because Sommariva's eldest son, Emilio, had died fighting in Spain in 1811, Sommariva's fortune was left to his second son, Luigi. After Luigi's death in 1838, the fortune (by then much diminished) was divided between his wife, Emilia Sommariva (a French noblewoman née Seillère) and numerous relatives. Sachsen Meiningen In 1843, Princess Marianna, the wife of Prince Albert of Prussia, bought the property for 780,000 lira, ten times the amount paid by Giovanni Sommariva forty years earlier. Emilia Sommariva relocated to a smaller house in Tremezzo, while reserving for herself ownership of the Sommariva family chapel and mausoleum on the grounds of the villa. In 1847, Princess Marianne gave the property to her daughter Charlotte as a wedding present upon her marriage to Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826-1914). The house was renamed Villa Carlotta, however Charlotte enjoyed the villa for only a few years before she died in 1855 at the age of twenty-three of complications from childbirth. In 1857, the author Ludwig Bechstein wrote a description of the villa which was published as Villa Carlotta. Poetische Reisebilder vom Comersee und aus den lombardisch-venetianischen Landen. The Sachsen-Meiningens used the property as a private holiday home. While they didn't make substantial changes to the building, they sold part of the art collection that came with the property. Duke Georg, who had a passion for botany, dedicated himself to the development and enrichment of the garden, introducing a great variety of rare and exotic species. The Duke was a patron of the composer Johannes Brahms, who visited the villa at the Duke's invitation several times in the 1880s. Duke Georg died in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I. Public ownership After Italy entered World War I in May 1915 on the side of the Allies, the Italian state declined to confiscate the villa, as it had other properties of enemy aliens in Italy, but rather placed it, on 15 August 1915, under the management of an administrator. During the war, the interest of the owners was exercised by the Swiss Consulate. In 1921, the financial administrator of Como Province informed the owners that the entire property was now the property of the Italian state arguing that the villa was of eminent national significance. It was proposed in 1922 that the villa would be sold at auction. However local enthusiasts led by Senator Giuseppe Bianchini and the Rotary Club of Milan opposed this, which led to the villa being entrusted to the care of the Ente Villa Carlotta, a charitable foundation constituted by royal decree on 12 May 1927. This foundation is still responsible for the villa. Description The villa and surrounding grounds are located on the lakeshore at Tremezzo, facing the Bellagio peninsula. An Italian garden with steps, fountains and sculptures was laid out at the same time. The villa The villa is located at the top of a terraced garden, from which there are views of Bellagio and also the mountains surrounding the lake. It consists of three floors (two of which are open to the public). The works of art on display are mainly located on the lower floor, while the upper one, which has an elegant gallery, provides views over the lake. Among the sculptures on display in the villa are: Eros and Psyche by Adamo Tadolini. This is a marble copy taken from the original model used by Antonio Canova for the sculpture commissioned by Prince Nikolay Yusupov (and today at the Hermitage museum in St. Petersburg). This copy arrived at the villa in 1834. Mars and Venus by Luigi Acquisti. Dating from 1805 this is considered to be his masterpiece. The original plaster model of The Muse Terpsichore by Antonio Canova. The sculpture was commissioned by Sommariva in 1811. Palamedes by Antonio Canova. Sommariva commissioned this sculpture from Canova, but in 1805, when it was still in the Canova's atelier in Rome, when the Tevere River flooded the workshop and broke it into several pieces. Canova personally restored it, between 1806 and 1808. The sculpture arrived at the villa in 1819. Repentant Magdalene. This is a copy produced by Canova's school of the original sculpture by Canova. Sommariva was also the owner of the original work. The Entrance of Alexander the Great in Babylonia by Bertel Thorvaldsen. This work was originally designed in stucco for the Quirinale Palace in Rome to mark the occasion of Napoleon's visit. Completed in June 1812, it was so admired that Napoleon ordered a marble replica for the Pantheon in Paris. Napoleon's fall from power caused work to stop until in 1818 Sommariva decided to have it completed. The 33 marble slabs of the frieze arrived in the villa between 1818 and 1828. The last two characters at the end of the frieze are a self-portrait of Thorvaldsen and a portrait of Sommariva. As well as paintings by Andrea Appiani and Giovanni Migliara there are also: The Last Adieu of Romeo and Juliet by Francesco Hayez. This painting was commissioned by Sommariva in 1823. The Reading of the VIth Book of the Aeneid by Jean-Baptiste Wicar. This large oil painting was commissioned by Sommariva in 1818. Before arriving at the villa it was exhibited with great success in Milan in 1821. In addition the villa is home to a collection of more than 470 plaster cameos created by the Roman artist Giovanni Liberotti and a large silk and wool tapestry by François Var der Borght. The garden The botanical garden covers an area of about and consists of several different sections. Immediately around the villa, towards the lake, the Italian garden with cut hedges and pergolas with orange and camellia trees. The rhododendron and 150 varieties of azalea spread up the slope. The property is also home to cedars, palms, redwoods, plane trees and other exotic plants. there is also a bamboo garden, covering 3000 m2 which is home to over 25 different bamboo species. A greenhouse which had been used in the past to house citrus fruits during winter has been converted into a museum of old farm tools. Notes References External links The villa's official website. (Digitalised version in German at the British Library) Gardens in Lombardy Carlotta Province of Como 1745 establishments in Europe Tremezzina	[ 53, 5049, 8124, 12375, 318, 257, 4489, 64, 290, 10214, 36684, 11376, 287, 309, 2182, 47802, 319, 6233, 955, 78, 287, 8342, 8031, 13, 6288, 262, 4489, 64, 318, 257, 13257, 11, 3025, 4947, 3407, 2499, 416, 14747, 669, 884, 355, 11366, 1680, 10071, 11, 22108, 417, 13002, 85, 1940, 6248, 11, 290, 50191, 24488, 4528, 3301, 26, 2356, 1010, 884, 355, 27025, 1073, 9075, 8471, 26, 290, 13091, 5207, 286, 2180, 4393, 13, 383, 4489, 64, 11, 3025, 7068, 318, 6439, 11, 373, 5668, 287, 1596, 2231, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 198, 34, 1754, 44070, 1641, 198, 464, 1012, 35626, 72, 1641, 8278, 422, 10016, 15587, 287, 262, 7840, 3814, 286, 6233, 955, 78, 284, 1716, 4388, 23938, 21779, 2233, 284, 262, 4040, 286, 402, 1504, 27769, 357, 1314, 2425, 12, 1433, 1899, 8, 290, 465, 11989, 36548, 305, 11366, 357, 1314, 2079, 12, 1433, 2425, 828, 508, 373, 925, 257, 28382, 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17165076	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa-Glandorf%20High%20School	Ottawa-Glandorf High School	Ottawa-Glandorf High School, is a secondary school and only high school part of the Ottawa-Glandorf Local School District. The school is the largest in Putnam County. The school serves students who are in grades 9 through 12 from Glandorf and Ottawa as well as parts of Greensburg, Liberty, Ottawa, Pleasant and Union Townships. Ottawa-Glandorf High School was designated "Excellent" or "Excellent with Distinction" (the highest designation given) by the Ohio Department of Education during the last 10 consecutive school years. The district met 24 of 24 state indicators with a 100% graduation rate in 2013. Athletics Ottawa-Glandorf is a member of the Western Buckeye League. They are the only school in the county not part of the Putnam County League. Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships Boys Track and Field – 1972 Girls Track and Field – 2002 Boys Basketball – 2004, 2008, 2013 OHSAA State Runner-Up Boys Track and Field – 1971 Boys Basketball – 1996, 2022, 2023 Girls Basketball - 2015, 2016, 2021 Girls Soccer – 2014, 2021 OHSAA State Final Four Baseball - 1979 Boys Basketball - 1977, 1978, 2012, 2021 Football - 2009, 2021 Boys Golf - 1997 Boys Soccer - 1998 Girls Track and Field - 2005, 2015 OHSAA Regional Appearances Baseball - 1979* Boys Basketball - 1977, 1978, 1988, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Girls Basketball - 2003, 2005, 2007 Boys Cross Country - 1994, 1999, 2000, 2010 Girls Cross Country - 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007 Boys Golf - 1997 Boys Soccer - 1998, 2007, 2009 (regional finalist; lost to Doylestown Chippewa 3-2) Girls Soccer - 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006 Boys Track and Field - 1971, 1972* Girls Track and Field - 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006 (placed 1st at regionals these years) Football - 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Volleyball - 2004, 2005, 2015 Key: * indicates state semi-finalist, state runner-up, or state champions Note: Not all regional appearances are listed for every sport or every appearance for the sports listed. Tournament notes Boys Basketball 1996-2010: In 1996, Ottawa-Glandorf fell in an overtime thriller to Orrville, 60-59, in the Division II state championship game. Ottawa-Glandorf lost to No. 2 Willard in the regional semi-final, 57-49 in 2001. In 2002, the Titans lost to Lebron James' No. 1 Akron St. Vincent-St. Mary team in the regional final, 77-58. Ottawa-Glandorf fell again to the same No. 1 ranked James dominated Akron St. Vincent-St. Mary team in 2003 in the regional final, 69-59. In 2004, they went on to capture their first Division II state championship defeating Canal Fulton Northwest, 75-42. Canal Fulton Northwest beat No. 9 Dayton Chaminade-Julienne, 65-61 in the state semi-final. In 2008, they captured the Division III state championship with a win over Sugarcreek Garaway. In 2009, they were only twice-beaten but lost to state-power Coldwater in the final minutes of the Division III district final. They lost narrowly to Lima Central Catholic in the 2010 district final. Football 2008-2009: In 2008, Ottawa-Glandorf's football team defeated No. 10 Marion Pleasant in OT to advance to the first regional final in school's history. They later fell to No. 4 Genoa Area, whom advanced to the state tournament. They advanced to their second straight regional championship game in 2009 after blowing past Eastwood 48-3. They later advanced to their first state semi-final game after knocking off Orrville, 21-20. WBL Championships State tournament appearances Notable alumni Larry Cox, Former MLB player (Philadelphia Phillies, Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers) References External links High School Website Western Buckeye League official website High schools in Putnam County, Ohio Public high schools in Ohio	[ 49092, 6909, 12, 38, 1044, 24263, 3334, 3961, 11, 318, 257, 9233, 1524, 290, 691, 1029, 1524, 636, 286, 262, 14074, 12, 38, 1044, 24263, 10714, 3961, 5665, 13, 383, 1524, 318, 262, 4387, 287, 5930, 7402, 3418, 13, 383, 1524, 9179, 2444, 508, 389, 287, 19051, 860, 832, 1105, 422, 402, 1044, 24263, 290, 14074, 355, 880, 355, 3354, 286, 220, 18753, 7423, 11, 14734, 11, 14074, 11, 35469, 290, 4479, 8329, 26313, 13, 198, 198, 49092, 6909, 12, 38, 1044, 24263, 3334, 3961, 373, 11032, 366, 45675, 1, 393, 366, 45675, 351, 4307, 9438, 1, 357, 1169, 4511, 22566, 1813, 8, 416, 262, 6835, 2732, 286, 7868, 1141, 262, 938, 838, 12785, 1524, 812, 13, 383, 4783, 1138, 1987, 286, 1987, 1181, 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17165100	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury%20of%20Five	Fury of Five	Fury of Five (also commonly known as Fury of V) is an American hardcore punk band from Asbury Park, New Jersey. History Fury of Five formed in 1994. Their early creative output limited to tracks on compilations, Fury of Five released two 7"s as well as a full-length album entitled No Reason to Smile in 1996. The band toured extensively throughout the Northeastern United States with bands such as Madball, Earth Crisis, and Fear Factory, and completed two European tours with Integrity and Pro-Pain. Two releases on Victory Records followed, which were At War with the World in 1998 and This Time It's Personal in 2000. Discography Singles "Convicted and Condemned" 7" (1994) "Telling It Like It Is!" 7" (1995) "Real Is Back!" 7" (2014) Demos The High Cost of Dying (1995) Reflections of Reality (1995) Studio albums No Reason to Smile (1996) At War with the World (1998) This Time It's Personal (2000) Compilations Jersey Style (2007) Fast Break! Records Sampler (2014) Music videos Do or Die – At War with the World Taking Respect – At War with the World References External links Fury of Five on Myspace Victory Records page Hardcore punk groups from New Jersey Metalcore musical groups from New Jersey Musical groups from Asbury Park, New Jersey Musical groups established in 1994 Musical groups disestablished in 2000 Victory Records artists American nu metal musical groups Rapcore groups 1994 establishments in New Jersey	[ 37, 1601, 286, 10579, 357, 14508, 8811, 1900, 355, 18427, 286, 569, 8, 318, 281, 1605, 22823, 22782, 4097, 422, 1081, 10711, 3250, 11, 968, 8221, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 220, 198, 37, 1601, 286, 10579, 7042, 287, 9162, 13, 5334, 1903, 7325, 5072, 3614, 284, 8339, 319, 552, 346, 602, 11, 18427, 286, 10579, 2716, 734, 767, 1, 82, 355, 880, 355, 257, 1336, 12, 13664, 5062, 9080, 1400, 23219, 284, 48248, 287, 8235, 13, 220, 383, 4097, 44035, 20823, 3690, 262, 15209, 18160, 1578, 1829, 351, 11760, 884, 355, 4627, 1894, 11, 3668, 18660, 11, 290, 16132, 19239, 11, 290, 5668, 734, 3427, 21284, 351, 39348, 290, 1041, 12, 38490, 13, 4930, 10050, 319, 21203, 13407, 3940, 11, 543, 547, 1629, 1810, 351, 262, 2159, 287, 7795, 290, 770, 3862, 632, 338, 15644, 287, 4751, 13, 198, 198, 15642, 4867, 198, 198, 29974, 829, 220, 198, 1, 3103, 85, 5722, 290, 9724, 368, 2817, 1, 767, 1, 357, 22666, 8, 198, 1, 51, 9417, 632, 4525, 632, 1148, 2474, 767, 1, 357, 21908, 8, 198, 1, 15633, 1148, 5157, 2474, 767, 1, 357, 4967, 8, 198, 198, 11522, 418, 220, 198, 464, 3334, 6446, 286, 41011, 357, 21908, 8, 198, 8134, 26448, 286, 22520, 357, 21908, 8, 198, 198, 41501, 16788, 220, 198, 2949, 23219, 284, 48248, 357, 22288, 8, 198, 2953, 1810, 351, 262, 2159, 357, 21113, 8, 198, 1212, 3862, 632, 338, 15644, 357, 11024, 8, 198, 198, 7293, 346, 602, 220, 198, 36134, 4397, 17738, 357, 12726, 8, 198, 22968, 12243, 0, 13407, 3409, 20053, 357, 4967, 8, 198, 198, 22648, 5861, 220, 198, 5211, 393, 6733, 784, 1629, 1810, 351, 262, 2159, 198, 26556, 42153, 784, 1629, 1810, 351, 262, 2159, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 220, 18427, 286, 10579, 319, 337, 893, 10223, 198, 220, 198, 21203, 13407, 2443, 220, 198, 198, 17309, 7295, 22782, 2628, 422, 968, 8221, 198, 36790, 7295, 10530, 2628, 422, 968, 8221, 198, 10694, 605, 2628, 422, 1081, 10711, 3250, 11, 968, 8221, 198, 10694, 605, 2628, 4920, 287, 9162, 198, 10694, 605, 2628, 595, 27718, 287, 4751, 198, 21944, 652, 13407, 7912, 198, 7437, 14364, 6147, 10530, 2628, 198, 35230, 7295, 2628, 198, 22666, 33228, 287, 968, 8221 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165106	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Corumb%C3%A1	Roman Catholic Diocese of Corumbá	The Diocese of Corumbá () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Corumbá, Brazil. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese Campo Grande. History March 10, 1910: Established as the Diocese of Corumbá with territory from the Diocese of Cuiabá Bishops Bishops of Corumbá, in reverse chronological order Bishop João Aparecido Bergamasco, S.A.C. (2018.12.19 - present) Bishop Segismundo Martínez Álvarez, S.D.B. (2004.12.07 – 2018.12.19) Bishop Mílton Antônio dos Santos, S.D.B. (2000.05.31 – 2003.06.04), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Bishop José Alves da Costa D.C. (1991.05.08 – 1999.07.21) Bishop Pedro Fré, C.Ss.R. (1985.10.28 – 1989.12.02), appointed Bishop of Barretos, São Paulo Bishop Vitório Pavanello, S.D.B. (1981.11.26 – 1984.11.26), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul Bishop Onofre Cândido Rosa, S.D.B. (1978.07.05 – 1981.02.16), appointed Bishop of Jardim, Mato Grosso do Sul Bishop Ladislau Paz, S.D.B. (1957.11.28 – 1978.07.05) Bishop Orlando Chaves, S.D.B. (1948.02.29 – 1956.12.18), appointed Archbishop of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Bishop Vicente Maria Bartholomeu Priante, S.D.B. (1933.05.13 – 1944.12.04) Bishop Antônio de Almeida Lustosa, S.D.B. (1928.12.17 – 1931.07.10), appointed Archbishop of Fortaleza, Ceara Bishop José Maurício da Rocha (1919.03.10 – 1927.02.04), appointed Bishop of Bragança Paulista, São Paulo Bishop Helvécio Gomes de Oliveira, S.D.B. (1918.02.15 – 1918.06.18), appointed Bishop of São Luís do Maranhão; future Archbishop Bishop Cyrillo de Paula Freitas (1911.03.13 – 1918.02.08) Coadjutor bishop Onofre Cândido Rosa, S.D.B. (1977-1978) Auxiliary bishop Ladislau Paz, S.D.B. (1955-1957), appointed Bishop here References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1910 Corumbá, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century 1910 establishments in Brazil	[ 464, 6031, 31292, 286, 2744, 2178, 6557, 7499, 318, 257, 9133, 4564, 21399, 46360, 7674, 393, 2566, 31292, 286, 262, 7835, 4564, 5140, 287, 262, 1748, 286, 2744, 2178, 6557, 11, 7595, 13, 632, 318, 257, 3027, 81, 7329, 287, 262, 21399, 46360, 8473, 286, 262, 27953, 5579, 10989, 31292, 5425, 78, 29073, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 2805, 838, 11, 31953, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 2744, 2178, 6557, 351, 7674, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 327, 9019, 397, 6557, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 198, 347, 21863, 286, 2744, 2178, 6557, 11, 287, 9575, 45946, 1502, 198, 16559, 5302, 28749, 5949, 533, 66, 17305, 24626, 17485, 1073, 11, 311, 13, 32, 13, 34, 13, 357, 7908, 13, 1065, 13, 1129, 532, 1944, 8, 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17165130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogus%20pipeline	Bogus pipeline	The bogus pipeline is a fake polygraph used to get participants to truthfully respond to emotional/affective questions in a survey. It is a technique used by social psychologists to reduce false answers when attempting to collect self-report data. As an example, social desirability is a common reason for warped survey results. The bogus pipeline was first used in the spring of 1971 by psychology professor Harold Sigall at the University of Rochester. He wanted to know if prejudices of white people towards black people had really declined, as surveys reported, or if they were secretly still in force. Today, the bogus pipeline is still used when trying to measure an individual's affect or attitudes toward certain stimuli. In this technique, the person whose attitude or emotion is being measured is told that they are being monitored by a machine or a polygraph (lie detector), resulting in more truthful answers. The electrodes and wires that are connected to this individual are actually fake. However, participants end up telling their true feelings and attitudes because they believe they are being monitored and that the real answers will surface regardless of their response. The bogus pipeline can be used to reduce bias because most people do not want to be "second-guessed" by a machine; it is assumed that people would be motivated to choose the "correct" answer so as not to show an incongruence in attitude. See also Randomized response Unmatched count References External links Michele G. Alexander, Terri D. Fisher: Truth and consequences: using the bogus pipeline to examine sex differences in self-reported sexuality. The Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 40, 2003 (Requires sign in to read) Psychological attitude Social science methodology	[ 464, 33418, 11523, 318, 257, 8390, 25052, 1470, 973, 284, 651, 6809, 284, 3872, 2759, 3031, 284, 7016, 14, 2001, 13967, 2683, 287, 257, 5526, 13, 632, 318, 257, 8173, 973, 416, 1919, 30842, 284, 4646, 3991, 7429, 618, 9361, 284, 2824, 2116, 12, 13116, 1366, 13, 1081, 281, 1672, 11, 1919, 748, 343, 1799, 318, 257, 2219, 1738, 329, 43062, 5526, 2482, 13, 198, 198, 464, 33418, 11523, 373, 717, 973, 287, 262, 6076, 286, 16382, 416, 15119, 6240, 23987, 21984, 439, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 27008, 13, 679, 2227, 284, 760, 611, 39800, 286, 2330, 661, 3371, 2042, 661, 550, 1107, 7392, 11, 355, 16255, 2098, 11, 393, 611, 484, 547, 17348, 991, 287, 2700, 13, 6288, 11, 262, 33418, 11523, 318, 991, 973, 618, 2111, 284, 3953, 281, 1981, 338, 2689, 393, 14479, 3812, 1728, 25973, 13, 198, 198, 818, 428, 8173, 11, 262, 1048, 3025, 9408, 393, 9942, 318, 852, 8630, 318, 1297, 326, 484, 389, 852, 20738, 416, 257, 4572, 393, 257, 25052, 1470, 357, 14485, 31029, 828, 7186, 287, 517, 42278, 7429, 13, 383, 39780, 290, 19474, 326, 389, 5884, 284, 428, 1981, 389, 1682, 8390, 13, 2102, 11, 6809, 886, 510, 5149, 511, 2081, 7666, 290, 14479, 780, 484, 1975, 484, 389, 852, 20738, 290, 326, 262, 1103, 7429, 481, 4417, 7692, 286, 511, 2882, 13, 383, 33418, 11523, 460, 307, 973, 284, 4646, 10690, 780, 749, 661, 466, 407, 765, 284, 307, 366, 12227, 12, 5162, 6676, 1, 416, 257, 4572, 26, 340, 318, 9672, 326, 661, 561, 307, 13338, 284, 3853, 262, 366, 30283, 1, 3280, 523, 355, 407, 284, 905, 281, 753, 506, 622, 594, 287, 9408, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 29531, 1143, 2882, 198, 3118, 31409, 954, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 38872, 402, 13, 10009, 11, 3813, 380, 360, 13, 14388, 25, 14056, 290, 6948, 25, 1262, 262, 33418, 11523, 284, 10716, 1714, 5400, 287, 2116, 12, 26263, 16641, 13, 383, 4913, 286, 14419, 4992, 11, 4709, 13, 2319, 11, 5816, 357, 39618, 1051, 287, 284, 1100, 8, 198, 198, 31923, 2770, 9408, 198, 20636, 3783, 20411 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Meat%20and%20the%20Bully%20Burgers	Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers	Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers is a Japanese American-Hawaiian adult fiction novel by Lois-Ann Yamanaka. Its tonality is distinctive to that of a local Hawaiian culture in that all the main characters speak in Hawaiian Pidgin. Although it is an adult fiction novel, the plot follows a young Japanese girl throughout her years in middle school. The major themes of the novel include comparing a mother-daughter relationship with a father-daughter one, finding one's identity, and the politics of Japanese Hawaiian culture in a white America. Sections of the novel were adapted for the award-winning film, Fishbowl (2005), by Hawaii filmmaker Kayo Hatta, that aired nationally on PBS in 2006. Plot introduction The novel's characters and setting stay true to Lois-Ann Yamanaka's local upbringing on the Big Island of Hawaii. Written in both English and Hawaiian Pidgin, Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers is a coming-of-age first-person narrative of Lovey Nariyoshi, a local Japanese girl growing up in Hilo, Hawaii in the 1970s. During the anti-Japanese wave that flowed through the United States during this time period, Lovey looks back at all of the key events and people in her life that help shape the young girl she becomes in the end. By only seeing white stars on TV, discovering the birthing canal with her pregnant teenage-neighbor Katy, rationalizing her best friend Jerome's homosexuality and other events, Lovey tries to find her place in the world - a world that constantly tells her that being pure Japanese is not beautiful. Explanation of the novel's title Apart from being the title of the novel, "Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers" is also the title of the eleventh chapter in the book. Here, Lovey describes the wild animals that her father, Hubert, hunts, kills, and cooks for the family. One day Hubert brings home a black-and-white calf that Lovey's sister Calhoon names Bully. The chapter ends when Hubert fries hamburgers for the girls, burgers made with Bully meat. The wild smell of the Bully Burgers fills the entire kitchen, and neither of them can eat dinner that night. Plot summary The novel takes place, roughly, over a period of three years. Part One begins when Lovey is in the sixth grade and she and her best friend Jerry are watching a Shirley Temple movie. Lovey comments on how there is always a happy ending in movies, but never in real life – especially in her own life where she is pure Japanese, and not pretty like the haoles and hapa children in her class. And so she and Jerry constantly make up their own obituaries when they are playing together. We are introduced to both of Lovey's parents in Part One: Verva Nariyoshi being the mother that always seems unhappy with Lovey, and Hubert Nariyoshi being the father that treats Lovey like the son he never had. Other characters in this section include Katy – the Nariyoshi's pregnant teenage neighbor that teaches Lovey that babies come out of a woman's vagina and not the other end. Aunt Helen is another neighbor, and Verva's best friend. Among all the characters in the novel, Lovey learns the most from her father Hubert. He teaches her about the "dominate and recessid jeans" of pea flowers and rabbit mating on their farm, hunting wild turkey and other animals, and tells her not to get too close to any the animals bred for food - like the cow that Calhoon names Bully. Hubert also teaches Lovey about his Japanese Samurai ancestors, how they moved to Hawaii to work on the plantations on the island of Kauai, and how Lovey should be proud of her heritage. Part Two begins at school, probably at the beginning of the seventh grade. Although Jerry is handsome enough to attract the eyes of the popular Lori Shigemura, their classmates still call him "Queer" and "Fag" and call Lovey "Queen" and "Lez." This is the section where Jerry's homosexuality is alluded to the most. He and Lovey both argue over who David Cassidy would rather date, and they both decide that it would be a blonde haole girl. This is also where Lovey gets her period and realizes that she hates being a girl. In this section we are introduced to Jerry's older high school-aged brother Larry. Larry is always violent towards Lovey and Cal and Jerry, later killing their pet Koi in Part Three because they watch him and his girlfriend Crystal have sex in her bedroom. Part Three is where most of the rising action occurs throughout the novel. Lovey and Jerry are now in their last year of middle school. We are given fuller descriptions of the Rays of the Rising Sun, a YMCA club consisting of the most popular girls in Lovey's class. Lori is a part of this group, and dances with Jerry at their Graduation Dance at the end of the year. Lori is constantly calling Lovey names because she is jealous of the relationship she has with Jerry. And as mentioned before, Larry kills Lovey and Calhoon's pet Koi out of anger - Crystal gets pregnant and her mother takes her to Japan to abort the baby. However, a few months after she comes back home, she again gets pregnant by Larry. Refusing to live with the shame, she hangs herself. But the most traumatic event in Part Three is when Hubert loses his eyesight during a hunting accident. Out of anger he yells and throws dirt at Lovey. And out of guilt he gets drunk and accidentally blows out his eyes when trying to shoot a deer. Lovey feels responsible, and finally learns that being proud of her ancestry is more important than the physical things that she lacks - things that society tells her she should have. Lovey flies to the island of Kauai to get a bag filled with dirt for her father to "see" his home again. Characters Lovey Nariyoshi - main character and protagonist of the novel. Lovey is the narrator, speaking in both standard English and Hawaiian Pidgin. Lovey hates being pure Japanese and would prefer to be haole or hapa. She and her best friend Jerry are in middle school and constantly pretend they are popular television characters including Shirley Temple and Donny Osmond & Marie Osmond. Lovey also hates being a girl, and she would much rather be a boy and hunt like her father, Hubert. Because of her self-loathing, Lovey is constantly butting heads with Hubert. It isn't until a terrible accident that Lovey begins to accept her heritage. Hubert Nariyoshi - Lovey's father and the antagonist of the novel. It is through Hubert that Lovey undergoes a change in understanding and character by the end. Hubert lived and worked on the rice plantations on the island of Kaua'i. He left the island, moved to the Big Island of Hawaii and it is there where he raises his two daughters. He is married to Verva, although he plays a bigger role in Lovey's life than Verva. Jerome "Jerry" - Lovey's best friend. His homosexuality is alluded to many times throughout the novel, but it is clear that he and Lovey have a deeper love beyond friendship. His quest for popularity with their classmates leaves Lovey alone at times, but he always comes back to her when these "friendships" do not work out. Jerry is tall and skinny, and although he is smaller than the other boys in their middle school, Jerry is good-looking enough to get the attention of popular girls. Calhoon Nariyoshi - Lovey's younger sister. Cal and Lovey constantly butt heads, both vying for their father's affections. She gives Lovey derogatory nicknames throughout the book, including Oompa Loompa when their mother tries to Toni Perm her hair, and the name "Bloody Lovey" when Lovey gets her period. Cal is the typical younger sibling, sometimes understanding, but most of the time tattling on Lovey and Jerry. Verva constantly compares Lovey to Cal, wondering why her older daughter can't be like the younger one. Verva Nariyoshi - Lovey's mother. Her role is both small in the novel, as well as in Lovey's life. She smokes Parliaments and constantly tries to change the outward appearance of Lovey. She blames her daughters for not being able to give Hubert a male heir. Uncle Tora - Hubert's older brother. As a boy Tora was mean to Hubert. Later he writes Hubert a letter, apologizing for how he treated him as a child. Tora is the one that tells Hubert about the Nariyoshi's family heritage, stemming from Samurai in Russia. Tora plays a bigger role towards the end when he comes back and helps the family after the accident. Larry - Jerry's violent older brother. He is always physically hurting Lovey, Jerry, and Cal. His girlfriend, Crystal, gets pregnant twice by him. Crystal Kawasaki – the pretty girlfriend of Larry. She is both beautiful and smart and Verva hires her to tutor Lovey and Cal. The first time Crystal gets pregnant, her mother takes her to Japan to abort the child. But she gets pregnant a second time and commits suicide because of the shame. Aunt Helen – One of the Nariyoshi's neighbors. She is Verva's best friend, and exactly like Verva in that they both criticize Lovey without any remorse. Aunt Helen plays a minor role in the novel. Katy – the other neighbor of the Nariyoshi family. She is a pregnant teenager that Lovey grows fond of throughout the novel. She teaches Lovey the birthing process, and allows Lovey to play with her baby son, Charlie, whenever she comes over. "The Teacher" - an unnamed character. Lovey and Jerry love this teacher and it seems that the relationship they have with her is a bit inappropriate. They are constantly spending nights over at this teacher's house, and she is constantly teaching them about Hell fire and the Devil. Verva finds out and forbids Lovey to speak to her ever again. Grandma - Hubert's mother. She lives on the island of Molokai and Verva sends Lovey to spend a few weeks with her after she keeps getting nightmares of the Devil and Hell from "The Teacher." Grandma teaches Lovey about the true love of God Rays of the Rising Dawn - a YMCA girls club consisting of characters Traci Kihara, Gina Oshiro, Laura Murayama, Jodie Louie, Lori Shigemura, Rhonda Whang and Kandi Mitsuda. Lori has a bigger part in the novel than the rest of the girls because she has a constant crush on Jerry throughout their years in middle school. Major themes The major themes of the novel that is discussed by Literary Critics include comparing a mother-daughter relationship with a father-daughter one, finding one's identity and the politics of Japanese Hawaiian culture in White America. Father-daughter relationship: Asian-American writers usually follow the pattern of writing about mother-daughter relationships (20). Parents constantly want to live out their dreams through their children, particularly their children of the same sex. A son, to his father, should grow up just as strong and capable as his father in both the family and the working world. Likewise, a daughter should be as beautiful and ladylike as her mother. But Hubert wants to live his dreams through Lovey because he has no male heirs. And since Verva isn't willing to accept Lovey the way she is, her relationship with her daughter is stunted. Instead, Hubert accepts Lovey and tries to get her to also accept their Japanese heritage. Identity: Micheline Soong states in her dissertation “Yosegire Buton, The ‘Crazy Patchwork Quilt: An Alternative Narrative Strategy for Three Local Japanese Women Writers of Hawaii,” that the narrative structure in Wild Meat produces racial and gender expectations of society and its different layers by the different voices of the narrator – Lovey's pre-adolescent voice and her adolescent teenager voice (135). In her article, “Spreading Traditions: Lois-Ann Yamanaka’s Bildungsroman,” Serena Fusco claims that “by the end of [the] novel the main character, a teenage girl, has acquired a great deal of knowledge, which enables her to achieve self-awareness and get over the racial and sexual abuse perpetrated on her by the patriarchal society (197). Politics of local Hawaiian culture in White America: Although the novel is narrated in both the Standard American English and Hawaiian Pidgin, Lovey and the rest of the characters speak Hawaiian Pidgin to each other. In his article “I wish you a land,” Rocio Davis says that the fact the Lovey speaks Pidgin is an example of how her character is separated from Western ideals (59). And by this separation, Lovey and the other characters in Wild Meat try to find their identities amidst political struggles (47). Publication history 1996, USA, Farrar Straus , Pub date January 1996, Hardback Scholarly articles Chang, Juliana. “Interpreting Asian American Identity and Subjectivity.” Modern Fiction Studies 53.4 (2007): 867-75. Davis, Rocio G. “I wish you a land: Hawai’i short Story Cycles and aloha ‘aina.” Journal of American Studies 35.1 (2001): 47-64 - - -. “Short Story Cycle and Hawai’i Bildungsroman: Writing Self, Place, and Family in Lois-Ann Yamanaka’s Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers.” Form and Transformation in Asian American Literature. Seattle: University of Washington Press (2005): 231-48. Fusco, Serena. “Spreading Traditions: Lois-Ann Yamanaka’s Bildungsroman.” Incoronata Inserra (2003): 197-226. Makino, Rie. “Localized Masculinities and Translocal Femininities: The Politics of Locations in the novels by Jessica Hagedorn, Lois-Ann Yamanaka, and Karen Tei Yamashita.” Diss. Arizona State University, 2006. Soong, Micheline M. “Yosegire Buton, The ‘Crazy’ Patchwork Quilt: An Alternative Narrative Strategy for Three Local Japanese Women Writers of Hawaii.” Diss. University of California in L.A., 1999. Wong, Sau-ling C, and Jeffrey J. Santa Ana. “Gender and Sexuality in Asian American Literature.” Signs 25.1 (1999): 171-226. Young, Morris. “Standard English and Student Bodies: Institutionalizing Race and Literacy in Hawai’i.” College English 64.4 (2002): 405-31. References External links Lois-Ann Yamanaka's webpage Editorial Review of "Wild Meat" 1996 American novels Novels by Lois-Ann Yamanaka Hawaiian literature American bildungsromans Novels set in Hawaii American novels adapted into films Farrar, Straus and Giroux books	[ 25946, 19145, 290, 262, 347, 2132, 21435, 364, 318, 257, 4960, 1605, 12, 33055, 1872, 666, 4044, 10165, 5337, 416, 42879, 12, 18858, 575, 10546, 8130, 13, 220, 6363, 5680, 1483, 318, 18778, 284, 326, 286, 257, 1957, 29827, 3968, 287, 326, 477, 262, 1388, 3435, 2740, 287, 29827, 350, 312, 1655, 13, 220, 4900, 340, 318, 281, 4044, 10165, 5337, 11, 262, 7110, 5679, 257, 1862, 4960, 2576, 3690, 607, 812, 287, 3504, 1524, 13, 220, 383, 1688, 13460, 286, 262, 5337, 2291, 14176, 257, 2802, 12, 29642, 2776, 351, 257, 2988, 12, 29642, 530, 11, 4917, 530, 338, 5369, 11, 290, 262, 4819, 286, 4960, 29827, 3968, 287, 257, 2330, 2253, 13, 198, 198, 50, 478, 507, 286, 262, 5337, 547, 16573, 329, 262, 5764, 12, 14463, 2646, 11, 13388, 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17165157	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Coxim	Roman Catholic Diocese of Coxim	The Diocese of Coxim () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Mato Grosso do Sul state, southwestern inland Brazil. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Campo Grande. Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral São José, dedicated to Saint Joseph, in the city of Coxim. History Established on January 3, 1978 as Territorial Prelature of Coxim, on territory split off from the then Diocese of Campo Grande (now its metropolitan see) November 13, 2002: Promoted as Diocese of Coxim Statistics and extent , it pastorally served 110,000 Catholics (78.0% of 141,000 total) on 45,000 km² (the municipalities Coxim, Alcinópolis, Camapuã, Costa Rica, Figueirão, Pedro Gomes, Rio Negro, Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, São Gabriel do Oeste and Sonora) in 14 parishes with 17 priests (15 diocesan, 2 religious), 1 deacon, 22 lay religious (4 brothers, 18 sisters) and 8 seminarians. Episcopal ordinaries Territorial Prelates of Coxim Clóvis Frainer, OFMCap (1978.01.03 – 1985.01.05), next Metropolitan Archbishop of Manaus (Brazil) (1985.01.05 – 1991.05.22), Metropolitan Archbishop of Juiz de Fora (Brazil) (1991.05.22 – retired 2001.11.28); died 2017 Ângelo Domingos Salvador, OFMCap (1986.05.16 – 1991.07.17), previously Titular Bishop of Selia (1981.03.16 – 1986.05.16) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia (Brazil) (1981.03.16 – 1986.05.16); later Bishop of Cachoeira do Sul (Brazil) (1991.07.17 – 1999.05.26), Bishop of Uruguaiana (Brazil) (1999.05.26 – retired 2007.06.27) Osório Bebber, OFMCap (1992.01.18 – 1999.03.17), previously Coadjutor Bishop of Tubarão (Brazil) (1979.11.30 – 1981.09.17), succeeding as Bishop of Tubarão (1981.09.17 – 1992.01.18); later Bishop of Joaçaba (Brazil) (1999.03.17 – retired 2003.04.09) Antonino Migliore (born Italy) (2000.05.10 – 2002.11.13 see below), no previous prelature Suffragan Bishops of Coxim Antonino Migliore (see above 2002.11.13 – 2022.10.19). Otair Nicoletti (2022.10.19 – ...). 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17165160	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano%20HS-42	Hispano HS-42	The Hispano HS-42 and its derivative, the HA-43, were advanced military trainer aircraft produced in Spain in the 1940s. The basic design was that of a conventional, low-wing, cantilever monoplane with seating for the pilot and instructor in tandem. The HS-42 had fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with spatted mainwheels, while the HA-43 had retractable main units. Produced on the assembly line that had been used to build Fokker D.XXI fighters, the HS-42 shared some components with this aircraft. Variants HS-42 Original production version with fixed undercarriage and Piaggio Stella P.VII C.16 engine HA-43 Improved variant with retractable undercarriage and Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah 27 engine Operators Spanish Air Force Specifications (HA-43) References 1940s Spanish military trainer aircraft Hispano aircraft	[ 464, 2399, 79, 5733, 18070, 12, 3682, 290, 663, 27255, 11, 262, 14558, 12, 3559, 11, 547, 6190, 2422, 21997, 6215, 4635, 287, 8602, 287, 262, 16236, 82, 13, 383, 4096, 1486, 373, 326, 286, 257, 10224, 11, 1877, 12, 5469, 11, 18548, 576, 332, 15848, 33533, 351, 24800, 329, 262, 8022, 290, 21187, 287, 32969, 13, 383, 18070, 12, 3682, 550, 5969, 11, 7894, 22001, 739, 7718, 4087, 351, 599, 16898, 1388, 12491, 1424, 11, 981, 262, 14558, 12, 3559, 550, 34449, 540, 1388, 4991, 13, 21522, 771, 319, 262, 10474, 1627, 326, 550, 587, 973, 284, 1382, 376, 482, 6122, 360, 13, 8051, 40, 8486, 11, 262, 18070, 12, 3682, 4888, 617, 6805, 351, 428, 6215, 13, 198, 198, 23907, 1187, 198, 7998, 12, 3682, 198, 20556, 3227, 2196, 351, 5969, 739, 7718, 4087, 290, 13993, 9460, 952, 45856, 350, 13, 45529, 327, 13, 1433, 3113, 198, 7801, 12, 3559, 198, 35453, 15304, 351, 34449, 540, 739, 7718, 4087, 290, 21166, 44487, 68, 1636, 2580, 316, 993, 2681, 3113, 198, 198, 18843, 2024, 198, 198, 43584, 3701, 5221, 198, 198, 22882, 6637, 357, 7801, 12, 3559, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 628, 220, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 1129, 1821, 82, 7897, 2422, 21997, 6215, 198, 6653, 79, 5733, 6215 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%20State%20Defense%20Force	Alaska State Defense Force	The Alaska State Defense Force (ASDF) is the state defense force of Alaska. It is one of 18 such forces in the United States. The Alaska State Defense Force is administered under the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, but is headed by a commander who reports directly to the governor of Alaska, who acts as commander-in-chief of the state defense force. History The Alaska State Defense Force is the successor of the Alaska Territorial Guard founded during World War II. With the conclusion of the war and Alaska's inauguration as a state in 1959, the Territorial Guard was disbanded but soon replaced by a state militia established by state statute. In 1984, the Alaska State Guard was formed; it was renamed in 1987 as the Alaska State Defense Force. In 2004, the name 49th Military Police Brigade (49th MP BDE) was also adopted for it. A later realignment of the command's structure has utilized the new designation of 49th Readiness Brigade (Separate), but the unit is still mainly known as the Alaska State Defense Force. The ASDF structure was primarily composed of military police units. The units operated with mostly state certified constables under the Alaska Police Standards Council. By statute, the Alaska State Defense Force must be made up of no less than 75 percent former military personnel. Following the September 11 attacks, the ASDF was tasked with guarding critical oil infrastructure against attack. Unlike most of the state defense forces in the United States, Alaska State Guardsmen trained and certified with firearms in order to achieve proficiency to carry firearms when activated. However, in 2008, following an investigation of the leadership of Brigadier General Thomas Westall, then serving as the head of the ASDF, Governor Sarah Palin ordered the ASDF to disarm. The current structure of the ASDF is as a Readiness Brigade composed of readiness battalions. The military police (MP) function is in abeyance until needed by the Adjutant General for Alaska. In 2016, Governor Bill Walker announced his intention to reform the Alaska State Defense Force by expanding it further into rural Alaska, bringing the level of training closer to that of the National Guard, and creating a signal detachment. On 14 January 2016, the Alaska State Defense Force activated the 2nd Signal Detachment, a component of the 49th Brigade. On 15 September, 2017, the Alaska State Defense Force activated a Scout Detachment in the Native Village of Kwethluk. In 2017, Alaska State Defense Force members, in their first ever deployment outside of the state, provided support to relief efforts in Puerto Rico alongside Alaska National Guardsmen after Hurricane Maria and Irma caused extensive damage to the island. State and National Guardsmen provided communications support at a Joint Incident Site Communications Capability system. In March 2018, the Alaska State Defense Force took part in an international training exercise, working directly with their Canadian counterparts, the Canadian Rangers, in a combined domain awareness capacity drill. In April 2020, members of the Alaska State Defense Force were activated to assist in Alaska's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Members worked at an Anchorage warehouse to help organize personal protective equipment and other supplies from the national stockpile and putting them into loads for shipment. Members also helped distribute declaration forms for people entering the state who must quarantine themselves. Duties The mission of the Alaska State Defense Force (ASDF) is to maintain an organized, trained military force capable of timely and effective response to state emergencies, or, on other occasions deemed appropriate by the Governor, to provide military assistance to civil and military authorities in the preservation of life, property, and public safety. Previous missions assigned to the ASDF have included manning a security checkpoint on the Dalton Highway, traffic control after a Valdez-area landslide, and safeguarding flooded homes in Houston against looters. ASDF has conducted joint operations with local city and state agencies as well as federal entities, including the U.S. military as well as government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Homeland Security, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The unit missions to date have included Operation Winter Talon, avalanche rescue, Kenai Peninsula floods and the Big Lake fire. ASDF members have worked at the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race restarts. Some members have been detailed to work with the Alaska Railroad police as well as local police departments. Membership Alaska state statute AS 26.05.010 established the Alaska Militia. It declares: "The militia of the state [of Alaska] consists of all able-bodied citizens of the United States and all other able-bodied persons who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, who reside in the state [of Alaska], who are at least 17 years of age, and who are eligible for military service under the laws of the United States or this state [of Alaska]." The ASDF is constituted as a cadre of experienced officers and enlisted personnel which is ready to organize the entire population, if need be. The ASDF benefits from the experience of its personnel. Many of them have technical skills in such areas as medicine, communications and logistics. It is a volunteer force which contains the skills necessary for operations in time of disaster. Uniform The unit wears United States Army uniforms in accordance with the AR 670-1. Organization The 49th Readiness Brigade Alaska State Defense Force consists of a Brigade Headquarters, and two regional Battalions (2nd Scout Battalion - headquartered in Bethel (with detachments throughout western Alaska), and the 2nd Special Troops Battalion - headquartered in Wasilla). The 2nd Special Troops Battalion consists of four companies (a military police company, a signal company, an engineer company, and a forward support company), with each company having detachments throughout the central and eastern portions of the state. In the past... The battalions below the Headquarters Element include a medical detachment, waterborne operators, and an aviation detachment. The AK SDF has its own academy in which individuals are brought up to State training standards to be Constables. The headgear worn varies on mission requirements.'''' Government support Issues of funding, mission and the bearing of arms are listed among common complaints and stumbling blocks associated with unit effectiveness. ASDF, when colocated with the Alaska National Guard, was careful to never utilize federal resources to accomplish its mission. In 2009, the Brigade Headquarters and 2 of its battalion headquarters were relocated from the National Guard Headquarters on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson to the National Guard Alcantra Armory in Wasilla. Since then, the Alaska State Defense Force has been pressed more with less limitations as well as capabilities, equipment, and activations. With the recent reliefs of command, starting in 2016, of the high-ranking officers of the Alaska National Guard including the Adjutant General (MG Thomas Katkus) who was against the expansion of the State Defense Force, there is a possibility that the ASDF will be able to re-obtain previous capabilities and more as the new Command is supportive of them. Legal protection Employers in Alaska are required by law to grant an unpaid leave of absence to any employee who is a member of the Alaska State Defense Force, and who is activated to perform active state service. The employer must also guarantee the employee's right to return to their employment position upon that employee's return from deployment. 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17165194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peteroa	Peteroa	Peteroa is a small town west southwest of the town of Sagrada Familia, Chile. Peteroa is also the name of the location of the fortress built by Lautaro and the site of the Battle of Peteroa. This location is uncertain and sometimes confused with the place on the Mataquito River where Lautaro was killed during the Battle of Mataquito in 1557. His fortress of Peteroa built in 1556 was located near Teno "twenty leagues from the city of Santiago". A soldier in this campaign under Juan Godíñez, Alonso Lopez de la Raigada refers to the 1556 fortress as "Peteroa" and the camp where Lautaro was killed as "Mataquito" and also refers to "Peteroa y Mataquito" as separate places. Pedro Mariño de Lobera does not give a place name to the location of the 1556 fortress. He does call the place of the 1557 battle he took part in as being at the "lugar de Mataquito". The contemporary chronicler Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo gives no place names to either location in his account. Peteroa is named as the location of the confluence of the rivers Teno, Pumaiten, and Lontué to form the Mataquito River in the eighteenth century description of the province of Maule. The current town of Peteroa may be the vicinity where this fortress was located on the south bank of the Mataquito river and his second camp was located across the Mataquito river on its north bank. References Sources Jerónimo de Vivar, Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile (Chronicle and abundant and true relation of the kingdoms of Chile) ARTEHISTORIA REVISTA DIGITAL; Crónicas de América (on line in Spanish) Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo, Historia de Todas las Cosas que han Acaecido en el Reino de Chile y de los que lo han gobernado (1536-1575) (History of All the Things that Have happened in the Kingdom of Chile and of those that have governed it (1536-1575)), University of Chile: Document Collections in complete texts: Cronicles (on line in Spanish) Pedro Mariño de Lobera, Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera....reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575). Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (on line in Spanish) Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche, Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile (Description Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Chile), University of Chile: Document Collections in complete texts: Cronicles (on line in Spanish) José Toribio Medina, Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile, Vols. 6-7, IV.— Información de senidos de Alonso López de la Eaigada, vecino de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. (Archivo de Indias, Patronato, 1-5-34/18),Vols. 6-7 published by Impr. y Encuadernacido Barcelona; v.8-30 by Impr. Elzeviriana., 1901. Guevara, Tomás, Historia de Curicó, Alicante : Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2000 External links Google Satellite Map: Peteroa, Chile Populated places in Curicó Province	[ 19727, 12162, 318, 257, 1402, 3240, 7421, 26283, 286, 262, 3240, 286, 25605, 81, 4763, 16513, 17517, 11, 17456, 13, 198, 198, 19727, 12162, 318, 635, 262, 1438, 286, 262, 4067, 286, 262, 28757, 3170, 416, 406, 2306, 12022, 290, 262, 2524, 286, 262, 5838, 286, 5613, 12162, 13, 220, 770, 4067, 318, 8627, 290, 3360, 10416, 351, 262, 1295, 319, 262, 45332, 421, 10094, 5866, 810, 406, 2306, 12022, 373, 2923, 1141, 262, 5838, 286, 45332, 421, 10094, 287, 1315, 3553, 13, 220, 2399, 28757, 286, 5613, 12162, 3170, 287, 1315, 3980, 373, 5140, 1474, 9368, 78, 366, 4246, 3787, 16861, 422, 262, 1748, 286, 34802, 1911, 220, 317, 10686, 287, 428, 1923, 739, 16852, 1793, 8836, 12654, 8471, 11, 36345, 22593, 390, 8591, 7567, 328, 4763, 10229, 284, 262, 1315, 3980, 28757, 355, 366, 19727, 12162, 1, 290, 262, 1413, 810, 406, 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17165199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notes%20to%20You	Notes to You	Notes to You is a 1941 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on September 20, 1941, and stars Porky Pig. This cartoon was remade in 1948, as Back Alley Oproar, with Elmer Fudd in Porky's role and Sylvester as the musical cat. Along with All This and Rabbit Stew, the film was completed and shipped on September 2, 1941. Plot When Porky tries to go to sleep, a cat starts singing Largo al factotum from The Barber of Seville in his back yard. Porky then starts throwing objects at the cat and finally hits him with a vase. The cat starts singing When Irish Eyes Are Smiling at Porky, and Porky throws a book at him, causing the cat to yowl in pain. Porky attempts to return to bed only for the cat to throw the book back and continue the song, as Porky closes the window in retaliation. Porky's phone rings and he answers it; the caller is revealed to be the cat finishing the song. Furious, Porky grabs a shotgun and claims "D-uh-d-uh-darn that old cat, I'll fix him this time once and for all!" and lays a saucer of milk on the porch. Porky then falls asleep as the cat drinks the milk and wakes Porky up by banging on the saucer. Porky then chases the cat with the shotgun until the cat sings Rock-a-Bye Baby, which puts Porky to sleep. The cat then wakes Porky up by conducting the loud music playing on the radio (Frat by John F. Barth), before running out and singing The Umbrella Man, an American hit recorded in 1938 by Kay Kyser's dance orchestra. Porky locks down the window, but the cat reopens the door and sings Jeepers Creepers. Porky chases him out again, only for the cat to slam the door open into Porky before shutting it behind him. When the cat is outside singing Make Love With a Guitar, Porky grabs his gun and shoots the cat, who manages to gasp out a chorus of Aloha 'Oe, and dies. As Porky feels guilt over the cat's death, he's startled to hear the cat's nine lives outside his window singing the Sextet from the opera Lucia di Lammermoor. As the picture irises out, a crash is heard (presumably, Porky, at his wits' end, jumped out of the window). Home media This cartoon has been presented in its 1968 colorized form on many public domain video compilations, such as the 2004 Digiview Entertainment DVD release of Porky's Café (where its image was grayscaled to look more like the original version). It was released in its original black and white form in 1999 on a Columbia House Looney Tunes Collector's Edition VHS Tape entitled Musical Masterpieces. The original black-and-white print, fully remastered and uncut, was included on the Porky Pig 101 DVD officially released by Warner Archive on September 19, 2017. References External links in black & white Notes to You colorized on Dailymotion 1941 films 1941 animated films American black-and-white films Short films directed by Friz Freleng Looney Tunes shorts 1940s American animated films Porky Pig films Films about pigs Animated films about cats Films scored by Carl Stalling Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese	[ 16130, 284, 921, 318, 257, 23234, 14469, 14266, 13, 6706, 1419, 309, 4015, 16251, 7924, 416, 19480, 89, 376, 2411, 1516, 13, 383, 1790, 373, 2716, 319, 2693, 1160, 11, 23234, 11, 290, 5788, 44062, 88, 23097, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 16251, 373, 816, 671, 287, 21794, 11, 355, 5157, 40960, 440, 1676, 283, 11, 351, 2574, 647, 376, 4185, 287, 44062, 88, 338, 2597, 290, 1632, 31018, 353, 355, 262, 10530, 3797, 13, 198, 198, 24035, 351, 1439, 770, 290, 25498, 12194, 11, 262, 2646, 373, 5668, 290, 14338, 319, 2693, 362, 11, 23234, 13, 198, 198, 43328, 220, 198, 198, 2215, 44062, 88, 8404, 284, 467, 284, 3993, 11, 257, 3797, 4940, 13777, 406, 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17165216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Dourados	Roman Catholic Diocese of Dourados	The Diocese of Dourados () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Dourados, Brazil. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Campo Grande. History June 15, 1957: Established as Diocese of Dourados from the Diocese of Corumbá Bishops Bishops of Dourados , in reverse chronological order Bishop Henrique Aparecido de Lima, C.SS.R. (2015.10.21 - Bishop Redovino Rizzardo, C.S. (2001.12.05 – 2015.10.21) Bishop Alberto Johannes Först, O. Carm. (1990.05.12 – 2001.12.05) Bishop Teodardo Leitz, O.F.M. (1970.11.27 – 1990.05.12) Bishop Carlos Schmitt, O.F.M. (1960.08.29 – 1970.02.14) Bishop José de Aquino Pereira (1958.01.23 – 1960.03.26), appointed Bishop of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo Coadjutor bishops Alberto Johannes Först, O. Carm. (1988-1990) Redovino Rizzardo, C.S. (2001) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1957 Dourados, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century	[ 464, 6031, 31292, 286, 360, 454, 22484, 7499, 318, 257, 9133, 4564, 21399, 46360, 7674, 393, 2566, 31292, 286, 262, 7835, 4564, 5140, 287, 262, 1748, 286, 360, 454, 22484, 11, 7595, 13, 632, 318, 257, 3027, 81, 7329, 287, 262, 21399, 46360, 8473, 286, 262, 27953, 5579, 10989, 31292, 286, 5425, 78, 29073, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 2795, 1315, 11, 25177, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 360, 454, 22484, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 2744, 2178, 6557, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 198, 347, 21863, 286, 360, 454, 22484, 837, 287, 9575, 45946, 1502, 198, 16559, 6752, 33865, 5949, 533, 66, 17305, 390, 41578, 11, 327, 13, 5432, 13, 49, 13, 357, 4626, 13, 940, 13, 2481, 532, 198, 16559, 2297, 709, 2879, 371, 6457, 13109, 11, 327, 13, 50, 13, 357, 14585, 13, 1065, 13, 2713, 784, 1853, 13, 940, 13, 2481, 8, 198, 16559, 40649, 38579, 376, 30570, 301, 11, 440, 13, 17998, 13, 357, 19891, 13, 2713, 13, 1065, 784, 5878, 13, 1065, 13, 2713, 8, 198, 16559, 1665, 375, 13109, 1004, 4224, 11, 440, 13, 37, 13, 44, 13, 357, 30986, 13, 1157, 13, 1983, 784, 6303, 13, 2713, 13, 1065, 8, 198, 16559, 17409, 3059, 20124, 11, 440, 13, 37, 13, 44, 13, 357, 38503, 13, 2919, 13, 1959, 784, 8069, 13, 2999, 13, 1415, 8, 198, 16559, 36997, 390, 11446, 2879, 17229, 8704, 357, 1129, 3365, 13, 486, 13, 1954, 784, 9507, 13, 3070, 13, 2075, 828, 9899, 16559, 286, 1992, 68, 1736, 463, 21872, 11, 311, 28749, 34410, 198, 198, 34, 1170, 73, 38409, 27538, 198, 2348, 32371, 38579, 376, 30570, 301, 11, 440, 13, 17998, 13, 357, 26709, 12, 19891, 8, 198, 7738, 709, 2879, 371, 6457, 13109, 11, 327, 13, 50, 13, 357, 14585, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 20145, 776, 4160, 13, 2398, 198, 7835, 36496, 9282, 198, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 287, 7595, 198, 20298, 5745, 4920, 287, 25177, 198, 35, 454, 22484, 11, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 290, 662, 75, 6691, 4920, 287, 262, 1160, 400, 4289 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing%20to%20the%20Sky	Sing to the Sky	Sing to the Sky is the second album from Japanese singer, Ayaka. Background Second album from Ayaka was confirmed on 26 April 2008. It is to include all of her singles from Jewelry Day up to the latest Okaeri. There are three versions, first press CD+DVD (music video collection), CD+DVD (live performance video collection), and CD-only version. Second bonus track "I Believe (English Version)" only comes with the CD+DVD versions. In one in a hundred first press discs, there's a "gold ticket" which can be traded in for a special DVD like Ayaka's first album. Fifteenth track "Konya mo Hoshi ni Dakarete" is the theme song of the 2008 film The Sky Crawlers. Commercial performance Sing to the Sky debuted at #3 on Oricon Daily Charts with index sales of more than 44,000 copies, however, the next day the album moved to #2 for 5 days and finally reached #1 on its seventh day. By the end of the week the album debuted at #2 on the weekly charts with sales of more than 315,000 copies, a little less than her debut album. Sing to the Sky was kept out of the top position by Greeeen's second album A, Domo. Ohisashiburi Desu., which sold more than 377,000 copies. Sing to the Sky has been certified Triple Platinum by RIAJ for shipment of 750,000 copies . Track listing Charts Oricon Sales Chart (Japan) References External links Special album interview on Excite Music 2008 albums Ayaka albums Warner Music Japan albums	[ 29974, 284, 262, 5274, 318, 262, 1218, 5062, 422, 4960, 14015, 11, 13709, 8130, 13, 198, 198, 21756, 220, 198, 12211, 5062, 422, 13709, 8130, 373, 4999, 319, 2608, 3035, 3648, 13, 632, 318, 284, 2291, 477, 286, 607, 25287, 422, 29151, 563, 3596, 510, 284, 262, 3452, 440, 4914, 33442, 13, 1318, 389, 1115, 6300, 11, 717, 1803, 6458, 10, 39218, 357, 28965, 2008, 4947, 828, 6458, 10, 39218, 357, 12583, 2854, 2008, 4947, 828, 290, 6458, 12, 8807, 2196, 13, 5498, 7202, 2610, 366, 40, 32018, 357, 15823, 10628, 16725, 691, 2058, 351, 262, 6458, 10, 39218, 6300, 13, 554, 530, 287, 257, 3470, 717, 1803, 31014, 11, 612, 338, 257, 366, 24267, 7846, 1, 543, 460, 307, 14018, 287, 329, 257, 2041, 12490, 588, 13709, 8130, 338, 717, 5062, 13, 12830, 20283, 2610, 366, 42, 1647, 64, 6941, 367, 13704, 37628, 11775, 533, 660, 1, 318, 262, 7505, 3496, 286, 262, 3648, 2646, 383, 5274, 20177, 8116, 13, 198, 198, 48401, 2854, 198, 29974, 284, 262, 5274, 26376, 379, 1303, 18, 319, 440, 1173, 261, 6714, 609, 5889, 351, 6376, 4200, 286, 517, 621, 5846, 11, 830, 9088, 11, 2158, 11, 262, 1306, 1110, 262, 5062, 3888, 284, 1303, 17, 329, 642, 1528, 290, 3443, 4251, 1303, 16, 319, 663, 14024, 1110, 13, 2750, 262, 886, 286, 262, 1285, 262, 5062, 26376, 379, 1303, 17, 319, 262, 10273, 15907, 351, 4200, 286, 517, 621, 32647, 11, 830, 9088, 11, 257, 1310, 1342, 621, 607, 8886, 5062, 13, 5573, 284, 262, 5274, 373, 4030, 503, 286, 262, 1353, 2292, 416, 5251, 6429, 338, 1218, 5062, 317, 11, 9666, 78, 13, 3966, 271, 1077, 571, 9900, 2935, 84, 1539, 543, 2702, 517, 621, 42163, 11, 830, 9088, 13, 198, 198, 29974, 284, 262, 5274, 468, 587, 15704, 19817, 23851, 416, 371, 3539, 41, 329, 28652, 286, 19683, 11, 830, 9088, 764, 198, 198, 24802, 13487, 198, 198, 1925, 5889, 198, 46, 1173, 261, 17329, 22086, 357, 16504, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 13409, 5062, 2720, 319, 25268, 578, 7849, 220, 198, 198, 11528, 16788, 198, 42012, 8130, 16788, 198, 13195, 1008, 7849, 2869, 16788 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165255	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20First%20National%20Band	The First National Band	The First National Band or Michael Nesmith and The First National Band was a short-lived American collaborative band, led by Michael Nesmith after his departure from The Monkees. During the two active years, The First National Band released three albums in the country rock genre in 1970 and 1971. Pre-First National Band During his time in The Monkees, Nesmith was unhappy with the bubblegum pop records that musical director Don Kirshner was providing for the group, and fought to get his own compositions to be recorded under the Monkees name. Before The Monkees, Nesmith had released a handful of singles under the name "Michael Blessing" which were folk rock strongly inspired by the work of Bob Dylan. In 1968, Nesmith released The Wichita Train Whistle Sings as a side-project from the Monkees and, due to continued frustration, bought himself out of his Monkees contract altogether in 1970. Forming The First National Band In 1969, before Nesmith had left the Monkees, it was clear to both him and his friend John Ware that The Monkees were soon coming to an end. Ware suggested that Nesmith form another band with Ware and their mutual friend John London and put his studio connections to good use while he still had the chance. When he was free from his contract, Nesmith took Ware up on his offer, so long as Orville "Red" Rhodes would join. Also, Nesmith did not want to "just do that power trio thing". The First National Band was the start of a long collaboration between Nesmith and Rhodes, which lasted until Rhodes's death in 1995. Career The First National Band endured many problems in its short career. Nesmith's association with the Monkees had made him a joke to some people and as a result many fellow musicians would not take his music seriously. During one of the band's first gigs, they played alongside Gram Parsons and his new band The Flying Burrito Brothers. Nesmith recalls how others seeing a former Monkee decked out in a Nudie suit with a steel player in tow must have been laughable to seasoned Country devotees, such as Parsons. However, their unique sound was enough to win over the LA club scene and create a new image for Nesmith. Nesmith also requested of venues that they not promote or reference his being a Monkee/ex-Monkee in their advertising or the band's introduction. Unfortunately, many Emcees would ignore his request and Nesmith would become irritated with them as well as with folks who would shout out requests of "Last Train to Clarksville" and/or other Monkee hits. During his stint with The Monkees, Nesmith had accumulated an extensive back-catalogue of songs which had not been heard by anyone. This meant that, in their short time as a band, The First National Band was able to release three albums in less than a 12-month span. July 1970 saw the release of Magnetic South, which was the first and "blue" in the trilogy of "red, white and blue" albums and reached No. 143 on the Billboard Albums Chart. This album contained the inclusion of five songs which hailed from Nesmith's Monkees days. It also contained the song "Joanne", which, due to a lot of radio play, surprised the band by reaching No. 21 on the Billboard Singles Chart. However, despite this chart success, the single did not gain the band commercial success because the band were in Britain, on a tour of working-man's clubs, which lasted until "Joanne" had dropped out of the American charts and sunk without a trace. Ware claimed that the band's management believed that, as the Monkees weren't as well known in Britain, it would be the perfect place to try to break in this new change in musical direction. November 1970 saw the release of the band's second "red" album, Loose Salute, which reached No. 159 on the Billboard Album chart. This contained the minor hit "Silver Moon" (Billboard #42) and a re-working of the Monkees song, "Listen to the Band". After the band had returned from Britain, and after "Joanne's" success had long since been forgotten, work was started on the band's final "white" album, Nevada Fighter. Recording for this album started in October 1970, but things within the group started falling apart, which led to both Ware and London leaving the group the following month. Released in May 1971, it failed to chart. After The First National Band Nesmith and Rhodes continued to work together, and recruited a new set of musicians, consisting of members of Elvis Presley's band to work on Nesmith's fifth album, Tantamount to Treason Vol. 1. This was released in May 1972 and credited to "Michael Nesmith & The Second National Band". Nesmith and Rhodes continued to collaborate on Nesmith's later solo albums up until Rhodes's death in 1995. Nesmith continued to release solo albums, the last being Rays in 2006. During Nesmith's 2013 tour of the U.S., an isolated backing track of Rhodes playing the pedal steel from the song "Thanx for the Ride" from Loose Salute was played while Nesmith and his band accompanied the track. First National Band Redux (2018) Nesmith announced The first National Band would be returning with 5 concerts in early 2018 in southern and northern California under the banner "The First National Band Redux". This incarnation of the First National Band is largely in name only, since other than Nesmith, all of the other members are either dead or retired; Nesmith's sons, Christian and Jonathan, are among the members of the new First National Band lineup. The second First National Band includes, in addition to the Nesmiths, Jason Chesney on bass, Pete Finney on steel guitar, and Chistopher Allis on drums, along with backing vocalists Amy Spear and Circe Link. To coincide with the tour, the band's three studio albums will be re-released on colored vinyl in late March, from oldies label Sundazed. Christian and Jonathan also contributed to The Monkees' Christmas album Christmas Party. The band continued to tour throughout 2018 and released a live album from their show at the Troubadour. Nesmith died December 10, 2021. Discography References External Links 1970 establishments in the United States 1972 disestablishments in the United States American country rock groups Michael Nesmith Musical groups established in 1970 Musical groups disestablished in 1972	[ 464, 3274, 2351, 10243, 393, 3899, 399, 274, 22947, 290, 383, 3274, 2351, 10243, 373, 257, 1790, 12, 24489, 1605, 25408, 4097, 11, 2957, 416, 3899, 399, 274, 22947, 706, 465, 12928, 422, 383, 2892, 16683, 13, 220, 5856, 262, 734, 4075, 812, 11, 383, 3274, 2351, 10243, 2716, 1115, 16788, 287, 262, 1499, 3881, 12121, 287, 8069, 290, 16382, 13, 198, 198, 6719, 12, 5962, 2351, 10243, 198, 7191, 465, 640, 287, 383, 2892, 16683, 11, 399, 274, 22947, 373, 19283, 351, 262, 14310, 70, 388, 1461, 4406, 326, 10530, 3437, 2094, 7385, 1477, 1008, 373, 4955, 329, 262, 1448, 11, 290, 8350, 284, 651, 465, 898, 33543, 284, 307, 6264, 739, 262, 2892, 16683, 1438, 13, 7413, 383, 2892, 16683, 11, 399, 274, 22947, 550, 2716, 257, 10089, 286, 25287, 739, 262, 1438, 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17165267	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Jardim	Roman Catholic Diocese of Jardim	The Roman Catholic Diocese of Jardim () is a diocese located in the city of Jardim in the Ecclesiastical province of Campo Grande in Brazil. History January 30, 1981: Established as Diocese of Jardim from the Diocese of Corumbá Bishops Bishops of Jardim (Roman rite), in reverse chronological order Bishop João Gilberto de Moura (2013.09.29 - Present) Bishop Jorge Alves Bezerra, S.S.S. (2008.05.21 - 2012.11.07) Bishop Bruno Pedron, S.D.B. (1999.08.04 – 2007.04.11) Bishop Onofre Cândido Rosa, S.D.B. (1981.02.16 – 1999.08.04) Coadjutor bishop Bruno Pedron, S.D.B. (1999) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1981 Jardim, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century	[ 464, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 449, 446, 320, 7499, 318, 257, 2566, 31292, 5140, 287, 262, 1748, 286, 449, 446, 320, 287, 262, 38308, 46360, 8473, 286, 5425, 78, 29073, 287, 7595, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 3269, 1542, 11, 14745, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 449, 446, 320, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 2744, 2178, 6557, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 198, 347, 21863, 286, 449, 446, 320, 357, 32454, 46048, 828, 287, 9575, 45946, 1502, 198, 16559, 5302, 28749, 10689, 32371, 390, 49902, 430, 357, 6390, 13, 2931, 13, 1959, 532, 21662, 8, 198, 16559, 34687, 978, 1158, 1355, 9107, 430, 11, 311, 13, 50, 13, 50, 13, 357, 11528, 13, 2713, 13, 2481, 532, 2321, 13, 1157, 13, 2998, 8, 198, 16559, 31045, 13457, 1313, 11, 311, 13, 35, 13, 33, 13, 357, 18946, 13, 2919, 13, 3023, 784, 4343, 13, 3023, 13, 1157, 8, 198, 16559, 1550, 1659, 260, 327, 22940, 358, 17305, 27994, 11, 311, 13, 35, 13, 33, 13, 357, 35411, 13, 2999, 13, 1433, 784, 7358, 13, 2919, 13, 3023, 8, 198, 198, 34, 1170, 73, 38409, 24233, 198, 33, 5143, 78, 13457, 1313, 11, 311, 13, 35, 13, 33, 13, 357, 18946, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 20145, 776, 4160, 13, 2398, 198, 7835, 36496, 9282, 198, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 287, 7595, 198, 20298, 5745, 4920, 287, 14745, 198, 41, 446, 320, 11, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 290, 662, 75, 6691, 4920, 287, 262, 1160, 400, 4289 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165278	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Goes%20Green	Betty Goes Green	Betty Goes Green is a Belgian rock band founded in 1990. Biography The group convinced Mike Rathke (producer and guitar player of Lou Reed) to produce their album Hunuluria, of which two good singles are taken: "Cold by the sea" and "Life Long Devotion". Rathke also produces their album "Hand Some", on which Lou Reed also sings on one song. On the album, the guitars are being played by Tjenne Berghmans (Clouseau), due to a fatal illness of their original guitarist Pieter De Cort. He dies of cancer in 1994. In 1996, the group decides to take a step down: they sign up for a smaller record label (B-Track) and record a new album. Their devoted friend Lou Reed is still enthusiastic and takes the group with him on his European Tour. The single "The Well" becomes a huge radio hit. In 1998, singer Luc Crabbe en Tony Gezels also take part in a new project of Kloot Per W called "Zen-On". The album Dreamers & Lovers was recorded in the band's own home studio, with only a brass section with Bart Maris coming to the aid of the band. Dreamers & Lovers got an international release in the Fall of 2000. Discography Studioalbums Hell Of A Show (1991, Boom!) Hunaluria (1993, BMG/Ariola) Hand Some (1994, BMG) Hedonic Tone (1996, B-track) The Well (1998, Sony Columbia) Dreamers and Lovers (2000, B-track) Singles Betty Goes Green (1991, Boom!) Cold By The sea (1993, BMG/Ariola) Life Long devotion (1993, BMG/Ariola) I Love It (1994, BMG) Go To Hook Her (1994, BMG) Ring Ring (1996, B-Track) Heimet (1997, Sony Columbia) The Well (1998, Sony Columbia External links Official site Belgian alternative rock groups Musical groups established in 1990	[ 13056, 774, 31914, 3469, 318, 257, 21402, 3881, 4097, 9393, 287, 6303, 13, 198, 198, 23286, 4867, 220, 198, 198, 464, 1448, 9431, 4995, 26494, 365, 357, 18230, 2189, 290, 10047, 2137, 286, 4768, 16105, 8, 284, 4439, 511, 5062, 5900, 377, 34484, 11, 286, 543, 734, 922, 25287, 389, 2077, 25, 366, 34312, 416, 262, 5417, 1, 290, 366, 14662, 5882, 6245, 9650, 1911, 198, 198, 49, 776, 365, 635, 11073, 511, 5062, 366, 12885, 2773, 1600, 319, 543, 4768, 16105, 635, 33041, 319, 530, 3496, 13, 1550, 262, 5062, 11, 262, 32497, 389, 852, 2826, 416, 309, 73, 29727, 4312, 456, 16221, 357, 2601, 1076, 559, 828, 2233, 284, 257, 10800, 8526, 286, 511, 2656, 32705, 36548, 263, 1024, 18418, 13, 679, 10564, 286, 4890, 287, 9162, 13, 198, 220, 220, 220, 198, 818, 8235, 11, 262, 1448, 13267, 284, 1011, 257, 2239, 866, 25, 484, 1051, 510, 329, 257, 4833, 1700, 6167, 357, 33, 12, 24802, 8, 290, 1700, 257, 649, 5062, 13, 5334, 13378, 1545, 4768, 16105, 318, 991, 21848, 290, 2753, 262, 1448, 351, 683, 319, 465, 3427, 9852, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2060, 366, 464, 3894, 1, 220, 4329, 257, 3236, 5243, 2277, 13, 554, 7795, 11, 14015, 7598, 32379, 1350, 551, 8832, 2269, 89, 1424, 635, 1011, 636, 287, 257, 649, 1628, 286, 14770, 1025, 2448, 370, 1444, 366, 47573, 12, 2202, 1911, 198, 198, 464, 5062, 7610, 364, 1222, 6706, 690, 373, 6264, 287, 262, 4097, 338, 898, 1363, 8034, 11, 351, 691, 257, 20422, 2665, 351, 13167, 1526, 271, 2406, 284, 262, 6133, 286, 262, 4097, 13, 7610, 364, 1222, 6706, 690, 1392, 281, 3230, 2650, 287, 262, 7218, 286, 4751, 13, 198, 198, 15642, 4867, 198, 198, 41501, 40916, 82, 220, 628, 5783, 3226, 317, 5438, 357, 24529, 11, 31824, 8133, 198, 5900, 282, 34484, 357, 24465, 11, 347, 20474, 14, 26529, 5708, 8, 198, 7157, 2773, 357, 22666, 11, 347, 20474, 8, 198, 30920, 9229, 45362, 357, 22288, 11, 347, 12, 11659, 8, 198, 383, 3894, 357, 21113, 11, 10184, 9309, 8, 198, 7610, 364, 290, 6706, 690, 357, 11024, 11, 347, 12, 11659, 8, 198, 198, 29974, 829, 220, 628, 29504, 31914, 3469, 357, 24529, 11, 31824, 8133, 198, 10250, 2750, 383, 5417, 220, 357, 24465, 11, 347, 20474, 14, 26529, 5708, 8, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 198, 5155, 5882, 25808, 220, 357, 24465, 11, 347, 20474, 14, 26529, 5708, 8, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 198, 314, 5896, 632, 357, 22666, 11, 347, 20474, 8, 198, 1514, 1675, 18531, 2332, 357, 22666, 11, 347, 20474, 8, 198, 12569, 12569, 357, 22288, 11, 347, 12, 24802, 8, 198, 679, 38813, 357, 21498, 11, 10184, 9309, 8, 198, 383, 3894, 357, 21113, 11, 10184, 9309, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 15934, 2524, 198, 198, 12193, 18299, 5559, 3881, 2628, 198, 10694, 605, 2628, 4920, 287, 6303 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165286	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigran%20Petrosyants	Tigran Petrosyants	Tigran Petrosyants (, born 23 December 1973) is an Armenian football coach and a former midfielder. He is the manager of Ararat-Armenia II. International career He was a member of the Armenia national team and participated in 8 international matches. External links 1973 births Living people Footballers from Yerevan Armenian men's footballers Armenia men's international footballers Armenian expatriate men's footballers PFC CSKA Moscow players FC Zhemchuzhina-Sochi players FC Torpedo Moscow players PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players FC Elista players FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players Expatriate men's footballers in Russia Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Russia Russian Premier League players FC Volgar Astrakhan players Men's association football midfielders Armenian football managers Soviet men's footballers	[ 51, 328, 2596, 36863, 1837, 1187, 357, 11, 4642, 2242, 3426, 15674, 8, 318, 281, 29388, 4346, 3985, 290, 257, 1966, 18707, 13, 679, 318, 262, 4706, 286, 943, 34174, 12, 3163, 3653, 544, 2873, 13, 198, 198, 24274, 3451, 198, 1544, 373, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 32369, 2260, 1074, 290, 14888, 287, 807, 3230, 7466, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 40220, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 575, 567, 10438, 198, 3163, 3653, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 3163, 3653, 544, 1450, 338, 3230, 4346, 364, 198, 3163, 3653, 666, 1033, 26646, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 47, 4851, 9429, 25123, 9070, 1938, 198, 4851, 1168, 4411, 354, 10277, 71, 1437, 12, 2396, 11072, 1938, 198, 4851, 4022, 9124, 78, 9070, 1938, 198, 47, 4851, 41662, 24660, 311, 659, 83, 709, 3409, 3301, 1938, 198, 4851, 2574, 12523, 1938, 198, 4851, 37243, 22113, 912, 5267, 273, 793, 72, 893, 74, 1938, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 3284, 198, 3163, 3653, 666, 1033, 26646, 378, 5701, 15332, 287, 3284, 198, 16220, 9952, 4041, 1938, 198, 4851, 4709, 4563, 8304, 17716, 7637, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 12459, 364, 198, 3163, 3653, 666, 4346, 11663, 198, 40408, 1450, 338, 4346, 364 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165323	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Coffrane	Battle of Coffrane	The Battle of Coffrane took place on February 28, 1296, about 1 km to the east of Coffrane in the canton of Neuchâtel. The Lords of Valangin with support from the Bishop of Basel rebelled against the Count of Neuchâtel. The battle was fought in the Val-de-Ruz, next to the village of Coffrane. The Count of Neuchâtel, Rollin, won the battle. References 1296 in Europe Coffrane Coffrane 13th century in Switzerland Coffrane	[ 464, 5838, 286, 28584, 14579, 1718, 1295, 319, 3945, 2579, 11, 1105, 4846, 11, 546, 352, 10571, 284, 262, 7627, 286, 28584, 14579, 287, 262, 18548, 261, 286, 3169, 794, 22940, 37524, 13, 383, 18651, 286, 3254, 648, 259, 351, 1104, 422, 262, 16559, 286, 6455, 417, 3405, 11978, 1028, 262, 2764, 286, 3169, 794, 22940, 37524, 13, 383, 3344, 373, 8350, 287, 262, 3254, 12, 2934, 12, 49, 10277, 11, 1306, 284, 262, 7404, 286, 28584, 14579, 13, 383, 2764, 286, 3169, 794, 22940, 37524, 11, 8299, 259, 11, 1839, 262, 3344, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 1065, 4846, 287, 2031, 198, 34, 2364, 14579, 198, 34, 2364, 14579, 198, 1485, 400, 4289, 287, 14679, 198, 34, 2364, 14579 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165324	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryse%20Marpsat	Maryse Marpsat	Maryse Marpsat (born 1951) is a French sociologist and statistician whose work employs methods drawn from sociology and statistics but also mathematics. Her major sociological works concern poverty, inequality and homeless situation. She is a civil servant, administrator of the French National Institute of Statistics (INSEE) and a fellow of the CSU, a French research institute specializing in sociological studies in urban societies. Between 1983 and 1993, as a fellow of two French-British groups, the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure and the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Cambridge, she worked to develop the comparisons of the household ways of living in France and England, particularly with Richard Wall and Bruce Penhale, from the City University of London. Since 2007, Maryse Marpsat has been giving some courses on the topics of her researches. She focuses her last teaching, first, on relationships between statistic tools and their outcomes, and second, on "inequalities", their range, their origins and the different ways of their evaluation. Moreover, since 2007, she has provided on a monthly base some research workshops in her institute of statistics, for example in 2012 going through the feeling of inequalities either for owners of the French minimum wage called "RSA" or for retired people. Notes Works « Combiner les méthodes et les points de vue. De l’enquête statistique au journal intime d’Albert Vanderburg », in Pichon Pascale, SDF, sans-abri, itinérant. Oser la comparaison, Presses de l'Université de Louvain, Louvain, 2009. (with Pascale Pichon), « La genèse de la recherche en France : composer avec le mouvement associatif, observer et analyser des situations vécues et des rapports sociaux, caractériser et compter », in Pichon Pascale, SDF, sans-abri, itinérant. Oser la comparaison, Presses de l'Université de Louvain, Louvain, 2009. 2008, (with Cécile Brousse and Jean-Marie Firdion), Les sans-domicile, La découverte, Collection Repère, 2008, « L’enquête de l’Insee sur les sans-domicile : quelques éléments historiques », Courrier des statistiques, INSEE, Paris, n° 123, janvier-avril p. 53-64 2006, « La légitimation de l’Art Brut. De la conservation à la consécration », in Gérard Mauger (edited), Droits d’entrée. Modalités et conditions d'accès aux univers artistiques, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 89-130, Paris 2006, « Une forme discrète de pauvreté : les personnes logées utilisant les distributions de repas chauds », Économie et Statistique, n°391-392, INSEE, Paris 2004, (with Albert Vanderburg), Le monde d'Albert la Panthère, cybernaute et sans-domicile à Honolulu, Bréal, coll. d'Autre Part, Paris 2004, « Les personnes sans domicile ou mal logées (The homeless or poorly housed) », Travail, Genre et Sociétés, n° 11, pp. 79–93. 2004, (with Martine Quaglia and Nicolas Razafindratsima), « Les sans domicile et les services itinérants », Travaux de l'Observatoire de l'exclusion 2003-2004, pp. 255–290, Paris 2003, (with Pascal Arduin and Isabelle Frechon), « Aspects dynamiques de la situation des personnes sans domicile : une analyse des méthodes mises en oeuvre dans plusieurs pays occidentaux », In Représentations, trajectoires et politiques publiques, les SDF, Paris, p. 13-33. 2001, « Problems in Comparative and Triangulated Homelessness Research », BMS, Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, n° 71, July p. 5-57, Paris 2001, (with Jean-Marie Firdion), « Les ressources des jeunes sans domicile et en situation précaire », Recherches et prévisions, n° 65, septembre, Paris 2001, (with Thomas Amosse, Anne Doussin, Jean-Marie Firdion and Thierry Rochereau), « Vie et santé des jeunes sans domicile ou en situation précaire », Questions d’économie de la santé, n°40, Paris 2001, (with Thomas Amosse, Anne Doussin, Jean-Marie Firdion and Thierry Rochereau), Vie et santé des jeunes sans domicile ou en situation précaire, Credes, Paris 2000, (with Jean-Marie Firdion and Monique Meron), « Le passé difficile des jeunes sans domicile », Population et Sociétés, INED, n°363, Paris 2000, (edited with Jean-Marie Firdion), La rue et le foyer. Une recherche sur les sans-domicile et les mal-logés dans les années 90, Travaux et Documents de l'INED, INED, Paris 1999, « Les sans-domicile à Paris et aux États-Unis », Données sociales, INSEE, Paris 1999, « Un avantage sous contrainte : le risque moindre pour les femmes de se trouver sans abri », Population, 54 (6), INED, p. 885-932. 1999, « La modélisation des "effets de quartier" aux États-Unis - Une revue des travaux récents », Population, INED, 54 (2), p. 303-330. 1998, (with Jean-Marie Firdion), The homeless in Paris : a representative sample survey of users of services for the homeless, in Dragana Avramov, ed, Coping with homelessness : issues to be tackled and best practices in Europe, Ashgate Publishing, p. 221-251. External links Page in the French Wikipedia. Page of Maryse Marpsat on the CSU web-site French sociologists French statisticians 1951 births Living people	[ 24119, 325, 1526, 862, 265, 357, 6286, 27937, 8, 318, 257, 4141, 1307, 31599, 290, 24696, 666, 3025, 670, 24803, 5050, 7428, 422, 39625, 290, 7869, 475, 635, 19473, 13, 2332, 1688, 1307, 15071, 2499, 2328, 8098, 11, 12791, 290, 10463, 3074, 13, 1375, 318, 257, 3026, 18807, 11, 18382, 286, 262, 4141, 2351, 5136, 286, 14370, 357, 1268, 36078, 8, 290, 257, 5891, 286, 262, 9429, 52, 11, 257, 4141, 2267, 24224, 40847, 287, 1307, 15071, 3640, 287, 7876, 14515, 13, 198, 198, 25262, 13540, 290, 9656, 11, 355, 257, 5891, 286, 734, 4141, 12, 25631, 2628, 11, 262, 14457, 4912, 329, 262, 7443, 286, 20133, 290, 5483, 32522, 290, 262, 9072, 329, 11279, 7820, 4992, 287, 14457, 11, 673, 3111, 284, 1205, 262, 17909, 286, 262, 6641, 2842, 286, 2877, 287, 4881, 290, 4492, 11, 3573, 351, 6219, 5007, 290, 11088, 7507, 71, 1000, 11, 422, 262, 2254, 2059, 286, 3576, 13, 198, 198, 6385, 4343, 11, 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17165338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%20Worthington%20Ground	Bass Worthington Ground	The Bass Worthington Ground was a cricket ground located along Derby Road in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. The ground was bordered to the east and north by the Pirelli tyre factory. History Originally named for the Worthington Brewery based in Burton, the first recorded match held at the ground was in 1954 when Burton-on-Trent played Derbyshire Club and Ground. The ground later played host to two first-class matches for Derbyshire against Oxford University in 1975 and Cambridge University in 1976, with Derbyshire winning both matches. Staffordshire also first played at the ground in 1975, in a Minor Counties Championship match against Durham. The county played a further seven Minor Counties Championship matches there, the last of which came against Hertfordshire. The last recorded match played there was in 1991, between the Staffordshire Cricket Association and the Yorkshire Cricket Association, after which the ground was abandoned, with just the pavilion remaining. By 2018 industrial units had been constructed on the ground. Directly to the west is the Pirelli Stadium, home ground of Burton Albion F.C. Records First-class Highest team total: 335 by Derbyshire v Oxford University, 1975 Lowest team total: 107 by Cambridge University v Derbyshire, 1976 Highest individual innings: 151 by Brian Bolus for Derbyshire v Oxford University, 1975 Best bowling in an innings: 8-77 by Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan for Derbyshire v Oxford University, 1975 Best bowling in a match: 10-111 by Geoff Miller for Derbyshire v Cambridge University, 1976 See also List of cricket grounds in England and Wales References External links Bass Worthington Ground at ESPNcricinfo Bass Worthington Ground at CricketArchive Derbyshire County Cricket Club Staffordshire County Cricket Club Defunct cricket grounds in England Cricket grounds in Staffordshire Sport in Burton upon Trent Defunct sports venues in Staffordshire Sports venues completed in 1954 1954 establishments in England	[ 464, 19829, 16597, 1197, 1122, 13706, 373, 257, 18836, 2323, 5140, 1863, 22962, 5567, 287, 27209, 2402, 24269, 11, 30596, 10932, 13, 383, 2323, 373, 275, 24071, 284, 262, 7627, 290, 5093, 416, 262, 350, 557, 15516, 48216, 8860, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 22731, 3706, 329, 262, 16597, 1197, 1122, 31003, 1912, 287, 27209, 11, 262, 717, 6264, 2872, 2714, 379, 262, 2323, 373, 287, 24718, 618, 27209, 12, 261, 12, 51, 1156, 2826, 9626, 48209, 10695, 6289, 290, 13706, 13, 383, 2323, 1568, 2826, 2583, 284, 734, 717, 12, 4871, 7466, 329, 9626, 48209, 10695, 1028, 13643, 2059, 287, 15231, 290, 14457, 2059, 287, 15408, 11, 351, 9626, 48209, 10695, 5442, 1111, 7466, 13, 30596, 10932, 635, 717, 2826, 379, 262, 2323, 287, 15231, 11, 287, 257, 15367, 2764, 444, 10749, 2872, 1028, 30928, 13, 383, 7968, 2826, 257, 2252, 3598, 15367, 2764, 444, 10749, 7466, 612, 11, 262, 938, 286, 543, 1625, 1028, 40030, 3841, 10932, 13, 383, 938, 6264, 2872, 2826, 612, 373, 287, 10249, 11, 1022, 262, 30596, 10932, 34761, 5396, 290, 262, 31157, 34761, 5396, 11, 706, 543, 262, 2323, 373, 9958, 11, 351, 655, 262, 45549, 29935, 5637, 13, 2750, 2864, 7593, 4991, 550, 587, 12006, 319, 262, 2323, 13, 4128, 306, 284, 262, 7421, 318, 262, 350, 557, 15516, 10499, 11, 1363, 2323, 286, 27209, 47995, 376, 13, 34, 13, 198, 198, 6690, 3669, 198, 198, 5962, 12, 4871, 198, 41864, 1074, 2472, 25, 37144, 416, 9626, 48209, 10695, 410, 13643, 2059, 11, 15231, 198, 7754, 395, 1074, 2472, 25, 16226, 416, 14457, 2059, 410, 9626, 48209, 10695, 11, 15408, 198, 41864, 1981, 16267, 25, 25326, 416, 8403, 10797, 385, 329, 9626, 48209, 10695, 410, 13643, 2059, 11, 15231, 198, 6705, 33564, 287, 281, 16267, 25, 807, 12, 3324, 416, 311, 12769, 38630, 283, 10471, 12421, 9932, 74, 9459, 10471, 12421, 329, 9626, 48209, 10695, 410, 13643, 2059, 11, 15231, 198, 6705, 33564, 287, 257, 2872, 25, 838, 12, 16243, 416, 24688, 7920, 329, 9626, 48209, 10695, 410, 14457, 2059, 11, 15408, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 8053, 286, 18836, 9384, 287, 4492, 290, 11769, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 33, 562, 16597, 1197, 1122, 13706, 379, 10409, 66, 1173, 10951, 198, 33, 562, 16597, 1197, 1122, 13706, 379, 34761, 19895, 425, 198, 198, 35, 23552, 893, 10695, 3418, 34761, 6289, 198, 31449, 585, 10932, 3418, 34761, 6289, 198, 7469, 16260, 18836, 9384, 287, 4492, 198, 34, 5557, 316, 9384, 287, 30596, 10932, 198, 42576, 287, 27209, 2402, 24269, 198, 7469, 16260, 5701, 22276, 287, 30596, 10932, 198, 18153, 22276, 5668, 287, 24718, 198, 1129, 4051, 33228, 287, 4492 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165346	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Tr%C3%AAs%20Lagoas	Roman Catholic Diocese of Três Lagoas	The Roman Catholic Diocese of Três Lagoas () is a diocese located in the city of Três Lagoas in the Ecclesiastical province of Campo Grande in Brazil. History January 3, 1978: Established as Diocese of Três Lagoas from the Diocese of Campo Grande Leadership Bishops of Três Lagoas (Roman rite), in reverse chronological order Bishop Luiz Gonçalves Knupp (2015.02.25 - Bishop José Moreira Bastos Neto (2007.01.07 - 2014.04.26) Bishop Izidoro Kosinski, C.M. (1981.05.08 – 2007.01.07) Bishop Geraldo Majela Reis (later Archbishop) (1978.01.03 – 1981.02.03) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1978 Tres Lagoas, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century	[ 464, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 833, 25792, 82, 406, 3839, 292, 7499, 318, 257, 2566, 31292, 5140, 287, 262, 1748, 286, 833, 25792, 82, 406, 3839, 292, 287, 262, 38308, 46360, 8473, 286, 5425, 78, 29073, 287, 7595, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 3269, 513, 11, 15524, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 833, 25792, 82, 406, 3839, 292, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 5425, 78, 29073, 198, 198, 20451, 49437, 198, 347, 21863, 286, 833, 25792, 82, 406, 3839, 292, 357, 32454, 46048, 828, 287, 9575, 45946, 1502, 198, 16559, 6026, 528, 35371, 16175, 282, 1158, 6102, 7211, 357, 4626, 13, 2999, 13, 1495, 532, 198, 16559, 36997, 3125, 8704, 17520, 418, 3433, 78, 357, 12726, 13, 486, 13, 2998, 532, 1946, 13, 3023, 13, 2075, 8, 198, 16559, 28493, 312, 16522, 18884, 21141, 11, 327, 13, 44, 13, 357, 35411, 13, 2713, 13, 2919, 784, 4343, 13, 486, 13, 2998, 8, 198, 16559, 49662, 4598, 12390, 10304, 797, 271, 357, 36760, 36746, 8, 357, 37950, 13, 486, 13, 3070, 784, 14745, 13, 2999, 13, 3070, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 20145, 776, 4160, 13, 2398, 198, 7835, 36496, 9282, 198, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 287, 7595, 198, 20298, 5745, 4920, 287, 15524, 198, 51, 411, 406, 3839, 292, 11, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 290, 662, 75, 6691, 4920, 287, 262, 1160, 400, 4289 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165361	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDPCP	NDPCP	5'-guanosyl-methylene-triphosphate (GDPCP) and 5'-adenosyl-methylene-triphosphate (ADPCP) are analogues of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), which store chemical energy from metabolism in the cell. Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) such as ATP and GTP yields energy, inorganic phosphate (Pi or PPi), and either NDP or NMP. GDPCP and ADPCP are not subject to hydrolysis under the same conditions as NTPs; it is this property which makes them useful in experiments in biochemistry and molecular biology. NTPs can be hydrolyzed at the phosphodiester bonds between phosphates, releasing energy and one or more of the three phosphate groups. Additionally, NTPs are inextricable components of some proteins, where their role may be structural and need not involve hydrolysis. In some cases, the presence of an NTP may be required for association of one protein with another, while hydrolysis is necessary for dissociation. GDPCP and ADPCP could be used in such a case, since association can still occur, but hydrolysis-dependent dissociation cannot. GDPCP was used to examine the prokaryotic elongation factor EF-Tu. EF-Tu is required for the elongation phase of protein synthesis (translation). EF-Tu requires GTP in order for the ribosome to bind it, necessary for recruiting an aminoacyl-tRNA. The later dissociation of EF-Tu from the ribosome, however, requires that the GTP first be hydrolyzed to GDP and Pi. GDPCP was used in place of GTP to differentiate between these two steps: the elongation factor could associate, but without hydrolysis, it was effectively stuck. References Nucleotides	[ 20, 29001, 5162, 40015, 2645, 12, 43654, 1734, 12, 28461, 746, 14222, 378, 357, 45113, 5662, 47, 8, 290, 642, 29001, 324, 28380, 2645, 12, 43654, 1734, 12, 28461, 746, 14222, 378, 357, 2885, 5662, 47, 8, 389, 15075, 947, 286, 915, 40015, 500, 642, 29001, 28461, 746, 14222, 378, 357, 38, 7250, 8, 290, 512, 28380, 500, 642, 29001, 28461, 746, 14222, 378, 357, 1404, 47, 828, 543, 3650, 5931, 2568, 422, 20211, 287, 262, 2685, 13, 32116, 306, 13429, 286, 17751, 418, 485, 1333, 746, 14222, 689, 357, 45, 7250, 82, 8, 884, 355, 39046, 290, 402, 7250, 19299, 2568, 11, 287, 36617, 46926, 357, 38729, 393, 21082, 72, 828, 290, 2035, 20392, 393, 399, 7378, 13, 27044, 5662, 47, 290, 5984, 5662, 47, 389, 407, 2426, 284, 17173, 306, 13429, 739, 262, 976, 3403, 355, 399, 7250, 82, 26, 340, 318, 428, 3119, 543, 1838, 606, 4465, 287, 10256, 287, 3182, 37074, 290, 18955, 17219, 13, 198, 198, 45, 7250, 82, 460, 307, 17173, 306, 8863, 379, 262, 18431, 5042, 353, 13100, 1022, 18431, 689, 11, 13011, 2568, 290, 530, 393, 517, 286, 262, 1115, 46926, 2628, 13, 12032, 11, 399, 7250, 82, 389, 287, 2302, 1173, 540, 6805, 286, 617, 15568, 11, 810, 511, 2597, 743, 307, 13204, 290, 761, 407, 6211, 17173, 306, 13429, 13, 554, 617, 2663, 11, 262, 4931, 286, 281, 399, 7250, 743, 307, 2672, 329, 8112, 286, 530, 7532, 351, 1194, 11, 981, 17173, 306, 13429, 318, 3306, 329, 6249, 41003, 13, 27044, 5662, 47, 290, 5984, 5662, 47, 714, 307, 973, 287, 884, 257, 1339, 11, 1201, 8112, 460, 991, 3051, 11, 475, 17173, 306, 13429, 12, 21186, 6249, 41003, 2314, 13, 198, 198, 45113, 5662, 47, 373, 973, 284, 10716, 262, 386, 74, 560, 6210, 39696, 341, 5766, 33685, 12, 47247, 13, 33685, 12, 47247, 318, 2672, 329, 262, 39696, 341, 7108, 286, 7532, 21263, 357, 41519, 737, 33685, 12, 47247, 4433, 402, 7250, 287, 1502, 329, 262, 12183, 418, 462, 284, 11007, 340, 11, 3306, 329, 16517, 281, 23206, 1590, 75, 12, 83, 27204, 13, 383, 1568, 6249, 41003, 286, 33685, 12, 47247, 422, 262, 12183, 418, 462, 11, 2158, 11, 4433, 326, 262, 402, 7250, 717, 307, 17173, 306, 8863, 284, 12396, 290, 13993, 13, 27044, 5662, 47, 373, 973, 287, 1295, 286, 402, 7250, 284, 28754, 1022, 777, 734, 4831, 25, 262, 39696, 341, 5766, 714, 11602, 11, 475, 1231, 17173, 306, 13429, 11, 340, 373, 6840, 7819, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 45, 14913, 313, 1460 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Batesole	Mike Batesole	Michael Harold Batesole (born March 28, 1964) is an American former baseball coach. He previously served as coach of the Cal State Northridge Matadors (1996–2002) and the Fresno State Bulldogs (2003–2022). Early life, playing career, and education Born in Anaheim, California, Batesole graduated from Garden Grove High School in 1982 and began his college baseball career at Oral Roberts University. At Oral Roberts, Batesole started at third base from 1983 to 1985 and finished with a .285 batting average, 31 home runs, and 148 runs batted in. From 1985 to 1988, Batesole played minor league baseball in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization. In 1990, Batesole completed his bachelor's degree in kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton. He later completed a master's degree in biomechanics from the same university. During his graduate studies, Batesole was an instructor in the Health and Physical Education Department. Coaching career Assistant coach (1986–1995) From 1986 to 1987 and again in 1991, Batesole was an assistant coach at Orange Coast College, a junior college in Costa Mesa, California. After completing his master's degree, Batesole was an assistant coach at another Southern California junior college in the 1993 season, Cypress College. Batesole joined the coaching staff of Bill Kernen at Cal State Northridge in July 1993. As an assistant, Batesole specialized in coaching infielders and calling the offense. Cal State Northridge (1996–2002) Following the resignation of Kernen in August 1995, Cal State Northridge promoted Batesole to interim head coach. Batesole led Cal State Northridge to a 52–18 record, NCAA Regionals runner-up appearance, and first Western Athletic Conference (WAC) title in school history in his debut season of 1996. Cal State Northridge promoted Batesole long-term as head coach in July 1996. Batesole led Cal State Northridge through its transition out of the WAC to independence (1997 to 2000) to the Big West Conference in 2001. In its first year of independence in 1997, Cal State Northridge went 42–20–1. After leading a team largely consisting of freshmen and junior college transfers to a 37–19 record in 1998, Batesole earned National Coach of the Year honors from Collegiate Baseball. The Big West Coach of the Year in 2002, Batesole reached his 250th career win that season and led Cal State Northridge to a 41–17 season, its first Big West title, as well as an NCAA Regionals appearance. In seven seasons from 1996 to 2002, Batesole led Cal State Northridge to a cumulative 256–158–1 record, the second most wins for a head coach in program history. Fresno State (2003–2022) On May 28, 2002, California State University, Fresno hired Batesole to be head coach of the Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team following the retirement of 34-year head coach Bob Bennett. Batesole led Fresno State to six WAC tournament titles: four straight from 2006 to 2009 and two more in 2011 and 2012, in addition to five WAC regular season titles: three straight from 2006 to 2008 and two more from 2010 to 2011. Fresno State moved from the WAC to Mountain West Conference (MW) beginning in the 2013 season. In 2016, Fresno State won the MW regular season title for its first championship in that conference, for which Batesole won MW Coach of the Year honors. On December 8, 2022, Batesole retired from coaching. 2008 national championship In 2008, he coached Fresno State to their first College World Series appearance in seventeen years by defeating #3 Arizona State, and then defeating #6 Rice University, #2 University of North Carolina to advance to the championship, and then defeating #8 University of Georgia in the final two games in a best two-out-of-three championship series winning 19–10 in the second game, and 6–1 in the third game to win Fresno State their first NCAA Men's Championship. Head coaching records The following is a list of Batesole's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach. References External links Official bio 1964 births Living people Bakersfield Dodgers players Baseball first basemen Baseball third basemen Cal State Northridge Matadors baseball coaches California State University, Fullerton alumni California State University, Fullerton faculty Fresno State Bulldogs baseball coaches Great Falls Dodgers players Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball players San Antonio Missions players Vero Beach Dodgers players Orange Coast Pirates baseball coaches Baseball players from Garden Grove, California Baseball players from Anaheim, California Baseball coaches from California	[ 13256, 23987, 35591, 2305, 357, 6286, 2805, 2579, 11, 17575, 8, 318, 281, 1605, 1966, 9283, 3985, 13, 679, 4271, 4983, 355, 3985, 286, 262, 2199, 1812, 2258, 12818, 6550, 324, 669, 357, 22288, 1906, 16942, 8, 290, 262, 39927, 1812, 34969, 357, 16088, 1906, 1238, 1828, 737, 198, 198, 20457, 1204, 11, 2712, 3451, 11, 290, 3707, 198, 28524, 287, 31100, 11, 3442, 11, 35591, 2305, 18303, 422, 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17165392	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McDonough	John McDonough	John McDonough may refer to: John McDonough (businessman) (1951–2023), British businessman, CEO of Carillion John McDonough (Savannah mayor) (1849–1926), American politician, mayor of Savannah, Georgia, 1891–1895 John McDonough (sports executive) (born 1953), president of the Chicago Blackhawks John McDonough (American football referee) (1916–1978), American pro football referee John McDonough (piper) (died 1850s), Irish piper John E. McDonough (born 1953), member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1985–1997 John J. McDonough (mayor) (1895–1962), American politician, mayor of St. Paul, Minnesota, 1940–1948 John J. McDonough (Massachusetts politician), member of the Boston School Committee John P. McDonough (politician) (born 1950), American politician from Maryland John P. McDonough (chaplain) (1928–2021), Chief of Chaplains of the U.S. Air Force John T. McDonough (1843–1917), American politician, Secretary of State of New York 1899–1902, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, 1903–1904 Jack McDonough (1879–1955), Australian rules footballer	[ 7554, 1982, 3987, 619, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 198, 198, 7554, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 22680, 805, 8, 357, 1129, 4349, 1906, 1238, 1954, 828, 3517, 19834, 11, 6123, 286, 1879, 1131, 198, 7554, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 47362, 25761, 9591, 8, 357, 1507, 2920, 1906, 1129, 2075, 828, 1605, 14971, 11, 9591, 286, 40695, 11, 7859, 11, 1248, 6420, 1906, 1507, 3865, 198, 7554, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 32945, 4640, 8, 357, 6286, 24217, 828, 1893, 286, 262, 4842, 35663, 198, 7554, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 7437, 4346, 22957, 8, 357, 1129, 1433, 1906, 37950, 828, 1605, 386, 4346, 22957, 198, 7554, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 79, 9346, 8, 357, 67, 798, 35745, 82, 828, 8685, 279, 9346, 198, 7554, 412, 13, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 6286, 24217, 828, 2888, 286, 262, 10140, 2097, 286, 17132, 11, 12863, 1906, 21498, 198, 7554, 449, 13, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 11261, 273, 8, 357, 1507, 3865, 1906, 1129, 5237, 828, 1605, 14971, 11, 9591, 286, 520, 13, 3362, 11, 8919, 11, 16236, 1906, 1129, 2780, 198, 7554, 449, 13, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 20273, 9770, 14971, 828, 2888, 286, 262, 6182, 3961, 4606, 198, 7554, 350, 13, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 34470, 6749, 8, 357, 6286, 11445, 828, 1605, 14971, 422, 10769, 198, 7554, 350, 13, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 11693, 25638, 8, 357, 1129, 2078, 1906, 1238, 2481, 828, 5953, 286, 20703, 489, 1299, 286, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 3701, 5221, 198, 7554, 309, 13, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 1507, 3559, 1906, 1129, 1558, 828, 1605, 14971, 11, 4986, 286, 1812, 286, 968, 1971, 47465, 1906, 1129, 2999, 11, 290, 22669, 4796, 286, 262, 5617, 3078, 286, 262, 13316, 11, 41625, 1906, 1129, 3023, 198, 14295, 1982, 3987, 619, 357, 1507, 3720, 1906, 1129, 2816, 828, 6638, 3173, 44185 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165436	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPCP	TPCP	TPCP may refer to: Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone in Chemistry Third Party Control Protocol in communications That Peter Crouch Podcast in entertainment	[ 51, 5662, 47, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 198, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 220, 198, 27351, 2416, 831, 2645, 22873, 298, 324, 2013, 505, 287, 27867, 198, 10467, 3615, 6779, 20497, 287, 8062, 198, 2504, 5613, 327, 48626, 16036, 287, 9739 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165439	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD7	MD7	MD7 or MD-7 may refer to: Maryland Route 7 Maryland's 7th congressional district Moorish Delta 7, a British hip-hop group	[ 12740, 22, 393, 10670, 12, 22, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 198, 10769, 18956, 767, 198, 10769, 338, 767, 400, 11702, 4783, 198, 31451, 680, 16978, 767, 11, 257, 3517, 10359, 12, 8548, 1448 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165442	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn%20Cauteruccio	Martín Cauteruccio	Martín Andrés Cauteruccio Rodríguez (born 14 April 1987) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Argentine club Independiente. Career Born in Montevideo, Cauteruccio began his professional career with local side Nacional. He joined Argentine Primera División side Quilmes, where he would lead the club in goal-scoring despite the club's struggles near the bottom of the league table. On 10 July 2013, Cauteruccio signed Argentine Primera División side San Lorenzo. On 11 January 2017, Cauteruccio joined Liga MX side Cruz Azul on a 2-year deal. On 30 December 2016, Cauteruccio finalized a deal to return to the Argentine Primera División with Estudiantes, on a 18-month deal. On 25 June 2021, Cauteruccio rescinded his contract with Estudiantes to join rival Aldosivi on a 18-month deal. On 22 December 2022, Cauteruccio signed with Independiente on a 2-year deal, after rescinding his contract with Aldosivi. Career statistics Honours San Lorenzo Argentine Primera División: 2013 Inicial Copa Libertadores: 2014 Supercopa Argentina: 2015 Cruz Azul Copa MX: Apertura 2018 Supercopa MX: 2019 Leagues Cup: 2019 Individual Copa MX Top Scorer: Apertura 2018 References External links 1987 births Living people Uruguayan sportspeople of Italian descent Uruguayan men's footballers Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers Men's association football forwards Club Nacional de Football players Central Español players Racing Club de Montevideo players Quilmes Atlético Club footballers San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers Cruz Azul footballers Estudiantes de La Plata footballers Club Atlético Aldosivi footballers Uruguayan Primera División players Argentine Primera División players Primera Nacional players Liga MX players Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Argentina Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico Footballers from Montevideo Copa Libertadores-winning players Club Atlético Independiente footballers	[ 13143, 39588, 843, 81, 20954, 327, 2306, 263, 18863, 952, 6882, 81, 8836, 70, 14870, 357, 6286, 1478, 3035, 12923, 8, 318, 257, 31021, 84, 22931, 4708, 44185, 508, 5341, 355, 257, 19099, 329, 36399, 3430, 1423, 2690, 1153, 68, 13, 198, 198, 17784, 263, 198, 28524, 287, 22489, 15588, 11, 327, 2306, 263, 18863, 952, 2540, 465, 4708, 3451, 351, 1957, 1735, 399, 330, 1538, 13, 679, 5399, 36399, 11460, 8607, 4777, 23267, 18840, 1735, 2264, 346, 6880, 11, 810, 339, 561, 1085, 262, 3430, 287, 3061, 12, 46536, 3805, 262, 3430, 338, 12766, 1474, 262, 4220, 286, 262, 4652, 3084, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 838, 2901, 2211, 11, 327, 2306, 263, 18863, 952, 4488, 36399, 11460, 8607, 4777, 23267, 18840, 1735, 2986, 41721, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 1367, 3269, 2177, 11, 327, 2306, 263, 18863, 952, 5399, 39249, 26135, 1735, 8742, 7578, 377, 319, 220, 257, 362, 12, 1941, 1730, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 1542, 3426, 1584, 11, 327, 2306, 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1033, 26646, 378, 5701, 15332, 287, 5828, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 16519, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 5828, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 22489, 15588, 198, 13379, 64, 5261, 83, 324, 2850, 12, 14463, 1938, 198, 198, 42350, 5234, 25125, 3713, 1423, 2690, 1153, 68, 4346, 364 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 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17165444	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20impact%20of%20HIV/AIDS	Economic impact of HIV/AIDS	HIV/AIDS affects economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital. Without proper prevention, nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developing countries, large numbers of people are developing AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS will not only be unable to work, but will also require significant medical care. The forecast is that this will probably cause a collapse of babies and societies in countries with a significant AIDS population. In some heavily infected areas, the epidemic has left behind many orphans, who are cared for by elderly grandparents. The increased mortality in this region will result in a smaller skilled population and labor force. This smaller labor force will be predominantly young people, with reduced knowledge and work experience leading to reduced productivity. An increase in workers' time off to look after sick family members or for sick leave will also lower productivity. Increased mortality will also weaken the mechanisms that generate human capital and investment in people, through loss of income and the death of parents. As the epidemic progresses, the age profile of those infected will increase, though the peak is expected to stay within the working age population. HIV disproportionately infects and impacts on women, so those sectors employing large numbers of women e.g. education, may be disproportionately economically impacted by HIV Effect on taxable population By killing off mainly young adults, AIDS seriously weakens the taxable population, reducing the resources available for public expenditures such as education and health services not related to AIDS resulting in increasing pressure for the state's finances and slower growth of the economy. This results in a slower growth of the tax base, an effect that will be reinforced if there are growing expenditures on treating the sick, training (to replace sick workers), sick pay and caring for AIDS orphans. This is especially true if the sharp increase in adult mortality shifts the responsibility and blame from the family to the government in caring for these orphans. On the level of the household, AIDS results in both the loss of income and increased spending on healthcare by the household. The income effects of this led to spending reduction as well as a substitution effect away from education and towards healthcare and funeral spending. A study in Côte d'Ivoire showed that households with an HIV/AIDS patient spent twice as much on medical expenses as other households. With economic stimulus from the government, however, HIV/AIDS can be fought through the economy. With some money, HIV/AIDS patients will have to worry less about getting enough food and shelter and more about fighting their disease. However, if economic conditions aren't good, a person with HIV/AIDS may decide to become a sex trade worker to earn more money. As a result, more people become infected with HIV/AIDS. Relationship to GDP UNAIDS, WHO and the United Nations Development Programme have documented a correlation between the decreasing life expectancies and the lowering of gross national product in many African countries with prevalence rates of 10% or more. Indeed, since 1992 predictions that AIDS would slow economic growth in these countries have been published. The degree of impact depended on assumptions about the extent to which illness would be funded by savings and who would be infected. Conclusions reached from models of the growth trajectories of 30 sub-Saharan economies over the period 1990–2025 were that the economic growth rates of these countries would be between 0.56 and 1.47% lower. The impact on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was less conclusive. However, in 2000, the rate of growth of Africa's per capita GDP was in fact reduced by 0.7% per year from 1990 to 1997 with a further 0.3% per year lower in countries also affected by malaria. The forecast now is that the growth of GDP for these countries will undergo a further reduction of between 0.5 and 2.6% per annum. However, these estimates may be an underestimate, as they do not look at the effects on output per capita. Response in sub-Saharan Africa Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa denied that there was a problem for years, and are only now starting to work towards solutions. Underfunding is a problem in all areas of HIV prevention when compared to even conservative estimates of the problems. Recent research by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) has suggested that the private sector has begun to recognize the impact of HIV/AIDS on the bottom line, both directly and indirectly. It is estimated that a company can generate an average return of US$3 for every US$1 invested in employee health due to a reduced absenteeism, better productivity and reduction in employee turnover. Indirectly there are also important implications on the supply chain. Many multi-national corporations (MNCs) have therefore gotten involved in HIV/AIDS initiatives of three main types: a community-based partnerships, supply chain support, and sector-based initiatives. The launching of the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit in Zimbabwe on October 3, 2006, is a product of collaborative work between the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Health Organization and the Southern Africa HIV/AIDS Information Dissemination Service. It is for the strengthening of people living with HIV/AIDS and nurses by minimal external support. The package, which is in form of eight modules focusing on basic facts about HIV and AIDS, was pre-tested in Zimbabwe in March 2006 to determine its adaptability. It disposes, among other things, categorized guidelines on clinical management, education and counseling of people with AIDS at community level. Copenhagen Consensus The Copenhagen Consensus is a project that seeks to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methodologies based on the theory of welfare economics. The participants are all economists, with the focus of the project a rational prioritization based on economic analysis. The project is based on the contention that, in spite of the billions of dollars spent on global challenges by the United Nations, the governments of wealthy nations, foundations, charities, and non-governmental organizations, the money spent on problems such as malnutrition and climate change is not sufficient to meet many internationally agreed targets. The highest priority was assigned to implementing new measures to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS. The economists estimated that an investment of $27 billion could avert nearly 30 million new infections by 2010. See also Economic impact analysis References External links An early report of the consequences of AIDS The impact of AIDS in the United States (PDF) Consequences of events Economic problems Health economics HIV/AIDS	[ 39, 3824, 14, 39338, 10975, 3034, 3349, 416, 8868, 262, 11500, 286, 1692, 3139, 13, 9170, 1774, 14196, 11, 16633, 11, 1535, 1337, 290, 9007, 326, 318, 1695, 287, 5922, 2678, 11, 1588, 3146, 286, 661, 389, 5922, 20408, 13, 198, 198, 8061, 2877, 351, 10498, 14, 39338, 481, 407, 691, 307, 5906, 284, 670, 11, 475, 481, 635, 2421, 2383, 3315, 1337, 13, 383, 11092, 318, 326, 428, 481, 2192, 2728, 257, 9807, 286, 11903, 290, 14515, 287, 2678, 351, 257, 2383, 20408, 3265, 13, 554, 617, 7272, 14112, 3006, 11, 262, 18195, 468, 1364, 2157, 867, 50213, 11, 508, 389, 19951, 329, 416, 13830, 28571, 13, 198, 198, 464, 3220, 12430, 287, 428, 3814, 481, 1255, 287, 257, 4833, 14297, 3265, 290, 4827, 2700, 13, 770, 4833, 4827, 2700, 481, 307, 20736, 1862, 661, 11, 351, 5322, 3725, 290, 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17165453	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Hines	Bryan Hines	Bryan Hines (May 14, 1896 – September 10, 1964) was an American wrestler and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, where he won a bronze medal in freestyle bantamweight. References External links 1896 births 1964 deaths Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics American male sport wrestlers Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in wrestling Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics People from Morehead, Kentucky Sportspeople from Kentucky 20th-century American sportsmen	[ 33, 29038, 367, 1127, 357, 6747, 1478, 11, 46723, 784, 2693, 838, 11, 17575, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 34845, 290, 11514, 18279, 396, 13, 679, 32440, 379, 262, 37547, 11514, 5776, 287, 6342, 11, 810, 339, 1839, 257, 22101, 18279, 287, 2030, 10992, 275, 49653, 6551, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 220, 198, 198, 1507, 4846, 27244, 198, 46477, 7040, 198, 54, 2118, 8116, 379, 262, 37547, 10216, 14935, 198, 7437, 4257, 6332, 41758, 198, 46, 6760, 291, 22101, 18279, 1023, 329, 262, 1578, 1829, 287, 16381, 198, 9921, 282, 1023, 379, 262, 37547, 10216, 14935, 198, 8061, 422, 3125, 2256, 11, 11867, 198, 18153, 15332, 422, 11867, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 1605, 5701, 3653 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165460	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retford%20Oaks%20Academy	Retford Oaks Academy	Retford Oaks Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in the market town of Retford, Nottinghamshire, England, situated in the district of Bassetlaw. Academic performance The school has improved from a poor starting point since opening in 2003. The number of students achieving 5 or more A* to C grades at GCSE has risen from 20% in 2006 to 49% in 2011. The opening of the separate sixth form centre with The Elizabethan Academy, effectively operating as a sixth form college, has produced A level results above the England average. Ofsted Retford Oaks Academy was last inspected in July 2017, with the overall judgement being that it is a ‘good’ school. The report highlighted the steps that have been taken to ensure a positive, safe and successful learning experience for all students. History The school was established in 2003 with the amalgamation of two of the schools in Retford. His Royal Highness, The Duke of Kent formally opened the school in October 2008. In September 2009 the school was designated as a specialist sports college with its second subject being Mathematics. In September 2011 the school officially became academy as part of the Diverse Academies Trust. Older schools: King Edward VI Grammar School and the Girls' High School The King Edward VI School was on London Road. It was previously known as the King Edward VI Grammar School and the oldest part of the school buildings (opened in August 1857) was designed by Decimus Burton. The Grammar School magazine was called The Retfordian. The school motto was Ex Pulvere Palma. In later years the school's senior houses were Edward, Foljambe, Gough, and Overend. The junior houses were Bescoby, Darrell, Laycock, and Mason (all named after school benefactors). The school usually traced its original foundation back to Thomas Gunthorpe of Babworth in 1519 although there are references to a still earlier school in the town. It was refounded around 1551 during the reign of King Edward VI. It subsequently had a chequered history, twice coming close to collapse during the 19th century. The school accepted boarders from at least the 17th century onwards, but the last boarders left in 1938. During the Second World War a number of boys from the Great Yarmouth Grammar School were evacuated to Retford (from 1940 to 1944), and were taught in classrooms at King Edward VI Grammar School. Headmasters of King Edward VI Grammar School ?1551 Rev. Christopher Say, LL.B., Jesus College, Cambridge 1588 Rev. George Turvyn, MA, MA, Trinity College, Cambridge [or George Turvin] ?1605 Rev Thomas Cooper, MA, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1628 Rev. Nicholas Dickons, MA, Pembroke College, Cambridge [or Nicholas Dickens] 1638 Thomas Stacey, MA, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1642 Rev. Thomas Dand, MA, Trinity College, Cambridge 1669 Robert Pinchbeck. 1670 Henry Boawre, MA, St John's College, Cambridge [or Henry Boare/Henry Bower] 1702 Rev. Thomas Moore, St John's College, Cambridge 1708 Rev. Henry Stevenson 1748 Rev. Seth Ellis Stevenson, MA, Peterhouse, Cambridge A diary kept by Seth Ellis Stevenson between 1752-55 survives in Wigan Archives. Another diary from 1760-77 is in Nottingham University Library. 1793 Rev. William Tyre, MA, Pembroke College, Oxford 1801 Rev. William Mould, MA, Peterhouse, Cambridge 1838 Rev. William Henry Trentham, MA, St John's College, Cambridge Trentham resigned and died in 1842. From 1842-47 no headmaster was appointed, although the usher, James Holderness, continued to teach a few pupils 1847 Rev. John Henry Brown, MA, Trinity College, Cambridge (later headmaster of Brewood Grammar School, Staffordshire) Following Brown's departure, no headmaster was appointed between 1850-57. Henry Clarke Mitchinson, the usher and sole remaining teacher, was acting headmaster, but his alleged harshness in corporal punishment led to various complaints and to an eventual court case. 1857 Rev. Jonathan Page Clayton, MA, Caius College, Cambridge 1866 Rev. Edward Swinden Sanderson, MA, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1870 Rev. Frederick Richard Pentreath, MA, DD, Worcester College, Oxford 1873 Rev. Alfred John Church, MA, Lincoln College, Oxford 1880 Rev. Oliver Carter Cockrem, MA, LLD, Trinity College, Dublin 1886 Rev. Thomas Gough, BSc, FGS, London University Gough was formerly headmaster of Elmfield College, York. Historian A D Grounds commented that "he may with justice be called the school's second founder". 1919 Charles Roland Skrimshire, MA, Merton College, Oxford 1926 Charles William Pilkington-Rogers, MA, BSc., Queens’ College, Cambridge 1950 John Charles Havelock Gover, MA, Emmanuel College, Cambridge c1972 Tom Savage c1978 Michael Allen After amalgamating with the Sir Frederick Milner Secondary School in 1979, the new establishment was known simply as the King Edward VI School until the eventual second merger into the Oaks School. Earlier there was also Retford High School for Girls on Pelham Road – a Girls' grammar school. Previous schools up to 2003 Before 1979, the former Sir Frederick Milner Secondary School (an all-male secondary modern school) was on Pennington Walk, with around 500 boys, in the east of the town. This became part of the King Edward VI School, a voluntary controlled school, and was used as the sixth form site prior to the new Post-16 centre being opened in 2007. The former site will become residential properties. Sir Frederick Milner was the Conservative MP from 1890 to 1906 for Bassetlaw. The former Retford Oaks School was on a site towards Ordsall near the former leisure centre, which was the former Ordsall Hall School on Ordsall Road (now the Post-16 Centre). This merged with the King Edward VI School in 2003 forming the current school. Regeneration Similar to five other schools in Bassetlaw (two in Worksop and one in Tuxford, Bircotes and The Elizabethan High School in Retford), the school underwent an extensive rebuilding programme under PFI funding. It was not possible to develop the King Edward VI School site as a Post-16 Centre (even though the county council wanted to), because the county council did not own the property so an entirely new site was built on Babworth Road. This site is for ages 11–16. On the former Ordsall Hall site, a new leisure centre was built (nextdoor) in January 2008 and a separate Post-16 (sixth form) Centre was built in September 2007, when the 11–16 site opened as well. Worksop has also had a new sixth form (and leisure centre) built under the same PFI contract. Notable former pupils King Edward VI School JS Clayden, vocalist for British musical group Pitchshifter, founder of PSI Records King Edward VI Grammar School Anthony Barber, Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1970 to 1974 and Conservative MP Wing Commander Edward Barton CBE, electronic engineer and chief signals and radar officer of the RAF Pathfinder Force, helped to develop the Oboe navigation system John Hedley Brooke, historian of science Dr Michael Clark, Conservative MP Doc Cox, musician and former television journalist John Glasby, writer Sir Stuart Goodwin, industrialist and philanthropist Dick Herrick, Anglican priest Frank Fairbairn Laming, Anglican priest Jim McCairns pilot Samuel Milner, physicist Air Marshal Sir Alec Morris KBE, CB, Chief Engineer from 1981 to 1983 of the RAF John Pater CB, civil servant largely responsible for creating the NHS (England and Wales) in 1948 Ian Robinson, literary critic and English lecturer John Taylor, publisher, essayist, and writer Sir Lionel Thompson CBE, Deputy Master and Comptroller of the Royal Mint from 1950 to 1957 John Warham, photographer Joe Wright CMG, UK Ambassador from 1975–78 to Ivory Coast, Upper Volta and Niger Sir Frederick Milner Secondary Modern (to 1979) Derek Randall, England cricketer Tim Stockdale, equestrian and show-jumper See also The Elizabethan High School – the other Retford comprehensive on Hallcroft Road. King Edward VI Grammar School, Retford - London Road Retford Post 16 Centre – Post 16 centre run in partnership with The Elizabethan High School Listed buildings in Retford References External links Retford Oaks High School PE Dept Bassetlaw PFI History of Retford Grammar School Old Retfordian Post 16 Centre EduBase King Edward VI School photo News items Attack in August 2006 Independent September 1998 Educational institutions established in 2003 Secondary schools in Nottinghamshire People educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Retford Retford Academies in Nottinghamshire King Edward VI Schools 2003 establishments in England	[ 9781, 3841, 44781, 8581, 318, 257, 220, 763, 18123, 864, 9233, 1524, 290, 11695, 1296, 5140, 287, 262, 1910, 3240, 286, 4990, 3841, 11, 39802, 10932, 11, 4492, 11, 22765, 287, 262, 4783, 286, 19829, 316, 6270, 13, 198, 198, 12832, 49113, 2854, 198, 464, 1524, 468, 6596, 422, 257, 3595, 3599, 966, 1201, 4756, 287, 5816, 13, 383, 1271, 286, 2444, 16937, 642, 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17165465	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Foz%20do%20Igua%C3%A7u	Roman Catholic Diocese of Foz do Iguaçu	The Roman Catholic Diocese of Foz do Iguaçu () is a diocese located in the city of Foz do Iguaçu in the Ecclesiastical province of Cascavel in Brazil. History May 10, 1926: Established as Territorial Prelature of Foz do Iguaçu from the Diocese of Curitiba 1959: Suppressed (to Diocese of Campo Mourão and Diocese of Toledo) May 5, 1978: Restored as Diocese of Foz do Iguaçu from the Diocese of Toledo Leadership Ordinaries, in reverse chronological order Bishops of Foz do Iguaçu (Roman rite) Bishop Sérgio de Deus Borges (2019.09.07 – ...) Bishop Dirceu Vegini (2010.10.20 – 2018.09.29) Bishop Laurindo Guizzardi, C.S. (1982.02.12 – 2010.10.20) Bishop Olívio Aurélio Fazza, S.V.D. (1978.05.05 – 2001.11.28) Prelates of Foz do Iguaçu (Roman Rite) Bishop Manoel Könner, S.V.D. (1947.12.13 – 1959.06.20) Fr. Manoel Könner, S.V.D. (later Bishop) (Apostolic Administrator 1940.02.17 – 1947.12.13) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Foz do Iguacu, Roman Catholic Diocese of Christian organizations established in 1926 Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century Foz do Iguaçu	[ 464, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 7499, 318, 257, 2566, 31292, 5140, 287, 262, 1748, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 287, 262, 38308, 46360, 8473, 286, 327, 42688, 626, 287, 7595, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 1737, 838, 11, 38525, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 18968, 5132, 28887, 1300, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 4424, 270, 23718, 198, 23859, 25, 8105, 2790, 357, 1462, 6031, 31292, 286, 5425, 78, 24289, 28749, 290, 6031, 31292, 286, 36026, 8, 198, 1737, 642, 11, 15524, 25, 8324, 1850, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 36026, 198, 198, 20451, 49437, 198, 198, 35422, 259, 3166, 11, 287, 9575, 45946, 1502, 198, 347, 21863, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 357, 32454, 46048, 8, 198, 16559, 311, 42445, 27769, 390, 37365, 29004, 274, 357, 23344, 13, 2931, 13, 2998, 784, 2644, 8, 198, 16559, 36202, 344, 84, 8427, 5362, 357, 10333, 13, 940, 13, 1238, 784, 2864, 13, 2931, 13, 1959, 8, 198, 16559, 13240, 521, 78, 1962, 16191, 72, 11, 327, 13, 50, 13, 357, 30763, 13, 2999, 13, 1065, 784, 3050, 13, 940, 13, 1238, 8, 198, 16559, 6544, 8836, 85, 952, 15412, 2634, 48590, 376, 1031, 4496, 11, 311, 13, 53, 13, 35, 13, 357, 37950, 13, 2713, 13, 2713, 784, 5878, 13, 1157, 13, 2078, 8, 198, 28887, 689, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 357, 32454, 47810, 8, 220, 198, 16559, 1869, 78, 417, 509, 48863, 1008, 11, 311, 13, 53, 13, 35, 13, 357, 1129, 2857, 13, 1065, 13, 1485, 784, 23859, 13, 3312, 13, 1238, 8, 198, 1305, 13, 1869, 78, 417, 509, 48863, 1008, 11, 311, 13, 53, 13, 35, 13, 357, 36760, 16559, 8, 357, 32, 7353, 4160, 22998, 16236, 13, 2999, 13, 1558, 784, 21709, 13, 1065, 13, 1485, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 20145, 776, 4160, 13, 2398, 198, 7835, 36496, 9282, 198, 6031, 31292, 3052, 357, 13924, 1018, 20506, 8, 198, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 287, 7595, 198, 37, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 330, 84, 11, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 198, 20298, 5745, 4920, 287, 38525, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 290, 662, 75, 6691, 4920, 287, 262, 1160, 400, 4289, 198, 37, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20Cappadocia	Rufus Cappadocia	Rufus Cappadocia is a Canadian-American cellist best known for his cross-cultural recordings and performances. He has released albums in collaboration with guitarist David Fiuczynski, singer Bethany Yarrow, Stellamara with Sonja Drakulich, multi-instrumentalist Ross Daly and The Paradox Trio with Matt Dariau. Biography Cappadocia was born and raised in Hamilton, Ontario. He began playing cello at the age of 3. Cappadocia went on to study classically at McGill University in Montreal, where he spent much of his spare time studying sounds and music from lesser-known musical traditions in the university's ethno-musicology department. He left school, and traveled to the south of France and to Spain, where he played as a street musician. In his travels, be continued to pick up new sounds and ethnic styles, which he blended into his own. Partly to improve his ability to compete with other street musicians, Cappadocia decided to "add a bass register" to his cello. He left Europe, and is now based in New York. His musical style blends "the similarities between seemingly diverse music forms such as blues, Sufi, Middle Eastern and even Gregorian chant. To him they are all compatible, microtonal modes of music." Cappadocia's past collaborations have included participation in the jazz group The Paradox Trio and the World Music group Trance Mission. He has also produced CDs with guitarist David Fiuczynski and singer/songwriter Bethany Yarrow. Discography Rufus Cappadocia and David Fiuczynski Rufus and Bethany Solo releases References External links Rufus Cappadocia's official website Profile of Cappadocia at NPR TED Talks: Bruno Bowden folds while Rufus Cappadocia plays (TED2008) Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Musicians from Hamilton, Ontario McGill University School of Music alumni Canadian cellists Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States	[ 49, 3046, 385, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 318, 257, 5398, 12, 7437, 2685, 396, 1266, 1900, 329, 465, 3272, 12, 30844, 18813, 290, 13289, 13, 679, 468, 2716, 16788, 287, 12438, 351, 32705, 3271, 23238, 1229, 47143, 11, 14015, 19223, 1092, 575, 6018, 11, 520, 695, 47848, 351, 6295, 6592, 12458, 74, 377, 488, 11, 5021, 12, 259, 43872, 49845, 9847, 43692, 290, 383, 37983, 7563, 78, 351, 4705, 7491, 544, 84, 13, 198, 198, 23286, 4867, 198, 34, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 373, 4642, 290, 4376, 287, 11582, 11, 10553, 13, 679, 2540, 2712, 2685, 78, 379, 262, 2479, 286, 513, 13, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 1816, 319, 284, 2050, 1398, 1146, 379, 40595, 2059, 287, 12871, 11, 810, 339, 3377, 881, 286, 465, 13952, 640, 11065, 5238, 290, 2647, 422, 14494, 12, 4002, 10530, 15421, 287, 262, 6403, 338, 4555, 3919, 12, 28965, 1435, 5011, 13, 679, 1364, 1524, 11, 290, 14113, 284, 262, 5366, 286, 4881, 290, 284, 8602, 11, 810, 339, 2826, 355, 257, 4675, 21623, 13, 554, 465, 17781, 11, 307, 3767, 284, 2298, 510, 649, 5238, 290, 9450, 12186, 11, 543, 339, 32063, 656, 465, 898, 13, 198, 198, 7841, 306, 284, 2987, 465, 2694, 284, 9320, 351, 584, 4675, 17245, 11, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 3066, 284, 366, 2860, 257, 12702, 7881, 1, 284, 465, 2685, 78, 13, 679, 1364, 2031, 11, 290, 318, 783, 1912, 287, 968, 1971, 13, 2399, 10530, 3918, 32067, 366, 1169, 20594, 1022, 9775, 10084, 2647, 5107, 884, 355, 25570, 11, 1778, 12463, 11, 6046, 8345, 290, 772, 8547, 22618, 33541, 13, 1675, 683, 484, 389, 477, 11670, 11, 4580, 1122, 282, 12881, 286, 2647, 526, 198, 198, 34, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 338, 1613, 48421, 423, 3017, 10270, 287, 262, 21274, 1448, 383, 37983, 7563, 78, 290, 262, 2159, 7849, 1448, 47215, 12633, 13, 679, 468, 635, 4635, 36731, 351, 32705, 3271, 23238, 1229, 47143, 290, 14015, 14, 34050, 16002, 19223, 1092, 575, 6018, 13, 198, 198, 15642, 4867, 198, 198, 49, 3046, 385, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 290, 3271, 23238, 1229, 47143, 198, 198, 49, 3046, 385, 290, 19223, 1092, 198, 198, 50, 14057, 10050, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 371, 3046, 385, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 338, 1743, 3052, 198, 13118, 286, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 379, 17921, 198, 220, 198, 38436, 47595, 25, 31045, 9740, 6559, 38744, 981, 371, 3046, 385, 327, 1324, 324, 420, 544, 5341, 357, 36493, 11528, 8, 198, 198, 17688, 286, 4082, 4814, 357, 19950, 661, 8, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 10694, 5106, 422, 11582, 11, 10553, 198, 9742, 38, 359, 2059, 3961, 286, 7849, 31333, 198, 28203, 2685, 1023, 198, 28203, 1033, 26646, 378, 17245, 287, 262, 1578, 1829 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165482	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changeset	Changeset	In version control software, a changeset (also known as commit and revision) is a set of alterations packaged together, along with meta-information about the alterations. A changeset describes the exact differences between two successive versions in the version control system's repository of changes. Changesets are typically treated as an atomic unit, an indivisible set, by version control systems. This is one synchronization model. Terminology In the Git version control system a changeset is called a commit, not to be confused with the commit operation that is used to commit a changeset (or in Git's case technically a snapshot) to a repository. Other version control systems also use other names to refer to changesets, for example Darcs calls them "patches", while Pijul refers to them as "changes". Metadata Version control systems attach metadata to changesets. Typical metadata includes a description provided by the programmer (a "commit message" in Git lingo), the name of the author, the date of the commit, etc. Unique identifiers are an important part of the metadata which version control systems attach to changesets. Centralized version control systems, such as Subversion and CVS simply use incrementing numbers as identifiers. Distributed version control systems, such as Git, generate a unique identifier by applying a cryptographic hash function to the changeset. Best practices Because version control systems operate on changesets as atomic units, and because communication within development teams improves performance, there are certain best practices to follow when creating changesets. Only the 2 most significant are mentioned here, changeset content atomicity and changeset descriptions. Changeset content should involve only one task or fix, and contain only code which works and does not knowingly break existing functionality. Changeset descriptions should be short, recording why the modification was made, the modification's effect or purpose, and describing non-obvious aspects of how the change works. See also Patch (computing) Snapshot (computer storage) References Version control systems	[ 818, 2196, 1630, 3788, 11, 257, 2458, 316, 357, 14508, 1900, 355, 4589, 290, 18440, 8, 318, 257, 900, 286, 29858, 25555, 1978, 11, 1863, 351, 13634, 12, 17018, 546, 262, 29858, 13, 220, 317, 2458, 316, 8477, 262, 2748, 5400, 1022, 734, 25175, 6300, 287, 262, 2196, 1630, 1080, 338, 16099, 286, 2458, 13, 220, 19179, 1039, 389, 6032, 5716, 355, 281, 17226, 4326, 11, 281, 773, 452, 12843, 900, 11, 416, 2196, 1630, 3341, 13, 220, 770, 318, 530, 42133, 2746, 13, 198, 198, 44798, 1435, 220, 198, 198, 818, 262, 15151, 2196, 1630, 1080, 257, 2458, 316, 318, 1444, 257, 4589, 11, 198, 1662, 284, 307, 10416, 351, 262, 4589, 4905, 326, 318, 973, 284, 4589, 257, 2458, 316, 357, 273, 287, 15151, 338, 1339, 14497, 257, 27479, 8, 284, 257, 16099, 13, 198, 198, 6395, 2196, 1630, 3341, 635, 779, 584, 3891, 284, 3522, 284, 2458, 1039, 11, 329, 1672, 360, 5605, 82, 3848, 606, 366, 8071, 2052, 1600, 198, 4514, 350, 2926, 377, 10229, 284, 606, 355, 366, 36653, 1911, 198, 198, 9171, 14706, 220, 198, 14815, 1630, 3341, 10199, 20150, 284, 2458, 1039, 13, 220, 48752, 20150, 3407, 257, 6764, 2810, 416, 262, 24292, 357, 64, 366, 41509, 3275, 1, 287, 15151, 18459, 78, 828, 262, 1438, 286, 262, 1772, 11, 262, 3128, 286, 262, 4589, 11, 3503, 13, 198, 198, 40257, 42814, 389, 281, 1593, 636, 286, 262, 20150, 543, 2196, 1630, 3341, 10199, 284, 2458, 1039, 13, 5694, 1143, 2196, 1630, 3341, 11, 884, 355, 3834, 9641, 290, 327, 20304, 2391, 779, 18703, 278, 3146, 355, 42814, 13, 4307, 6169, 2196, 1630, 3341, 11, 884, 355, 15151, 11, 7716, 257, 3748, 27421, 416, 11524, 257, 40705, 12234, 2163, 284, 262, 2458, 316, 13, 198, 198, 13014, 6593, 198, 8128, 2196, 1630, 3341, 8076, 319, 2458, 1039, 355, 17226, 4991, 11, 290, 780, 6946, 1626, 2478, 3466, 19575, 2854, 11, 612, 389, 1728, 1266, 6593, 284, 1061, 618, 4441, 2458, 1039, 13, 220, 5514, 262, 362, 749, 2383, 389, 4750, 994, 11, 2458, 316, 2695, 22037, 8467, 290, 2458, 316, 16969, 13, 198, 198, 29238, 316, 2695, 815, 6211, 691, 530, 4876, 393, 4259, 11, 290, 3994, 691, 2438, 543, 2499, 290, 857, 407, 26526, 2270, 4683, 11244, 13, 198, 198, 29238, 316, 16969, 815, 307, 1790, 11, 8296, 1521, 262, 17613, 373, 925, 11, 262, 17613, 338, 1245, 393, 4007, 11, 290, 12059, 1729, 12, 672, 1442, 7612, 286, 703, 262, 1487, 2499, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 33952, 357, 785, 48074, 8, 198, 43826, 9442, 357, 33215, 6143, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 14815, 1630, 3341 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165491	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcomes%20Research%20Consortium	Outcomes Research Consortium	The Outcomes Research Consortium (stylized as OUTCOMES RESEARCH) is an international clinical research group that focuses on the perioperative period (during and after surgery), along with critical care and pain management. The Consortium's aim is to improve the quality of care for surgical, critical care, and chronic pain patients and to "Provide the evidence for evidence-based practice." Members of the Consortium are especially interested in testing simple, low-risk, and inexpensive treatments that have the potential to markedly improve patients' surgical experiences. The 25-year anniversary of the Consortium and its accomplishments were celebrated in an editorial in Anesthesiology. The editorial starts: History The Outcomes Research Group was formed in 1990 at the University of California San Francisco, and thus celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2015. The Consortium now includes about 130 university-based investigators at more than 20 hospitals in 10 countries. The primary requirement for membership is ongoing active collaboration with Consortium members. It is by far the world's largest and most productive clinical anesthesia research group. The Consortium's administrative center is the Department of Outcomes Research in the Anesthesiology Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The director is Daniel I. Sessler, MD and the associate director is Andrea Kurz, MD. The Consortium differs from many organizations in not being a society, association, or foundation. Nor it is a company. In fact, the Consortium does not legally exist. A consequence is that grant funding always flows directly to members' institutions, an intentionally unusual structure designed to prevent members from having perceived conflicts of commitment between the Consortium and their academic institutions. Research highlights The Consortium coordinates more than 100 clinical studies, including large multi-center outcome studies. Among the Consortium's more than 900 full papers, about 200 papers were in Anesthesiology and a comparable number were in Anesthesia & Analgesia; well over a dozen were published in The New England Journal of Medicine or The Lancet. The Consortium's papers have been cited about 30,000 times. Since 2008, nineteen of the Consortium's articles have been features on the covers of Anesthesiology or Anesthesia & Analgesia. Consortium members were among the first anesthesia investigators to conduct large-scale outcome trials. That is, randomized trials with meaningful "hard" primary outcomes. Large outcome trials remain a focus for the group. They were also among the first anesthesia investigators to conduct large-scale registry research. Taking advantage of dense interconnected registries at the Cleveland Clinic, along with half-a-dozen national databases, the group has conducted hundreds of cohort, case-control, and health policy analyses. For example, they have developed several accurate risk-stratification models which permit accurate comparisons across divergent patient groups (i.e., risk-adjusted comparisons amongst hospitals). Temperature regulation during surgery Body temperature is normally tightly regulated to about 37 °C (98.6 °F), with women being slightly warmer than men. The Consortium is perhaps best known for perioperative thermoregulation, with members having published far more on the subject than all other investigators combined. In a series of several hundred studies, for example, Consortium members identified dose-dependent effects of every major anesthetic and sedative on thermoregulatory control, and consequent alterations in heat balance. Impaired temperature control, combined with a cold operating room environment, makes most unwarmed surgical patients hypothermic by 1-3 °C. In contrast, patients warmed with forced-air are usually normothermic by the end of surgery. Randomized trials by the Consortium have shown that just a 1-2 °C reduction in body temperature markedly increases the risk of wound infection, prolongs recovery and hospitalization, increases blood loss and transfusion requirement, and slows drug metabolism. Because hypothermia causes so many serious complications, The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) and Physicians Quality Forum have each made perioperative normothermia an outcome measure for hospital quality. Consortium thermoregulatory research has been covered by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the Philadelphia Inquirer, Reuters Health, and United Press International. Red hair and anesthesia 150 years after their discovery, how anesthetic gases work remains unknown. They work well in all mammals, rodents, insects, worms, fish, bacteria, and even plants. The dose required in various species doesn't differ much from the dose in humans. In non-human species, there are distinct genetic characteristics that clearly influence anesthetic sensitivity. But until recently, no genetic factors were known to influence anesthetic requirement in humans. In a series of studies, Consortium members have shown that the effective dose of anesthetic gases is about 20% greater in natural redheads than in people with other hair colors. Red hair results from a mutation of the melanocortin-1 receptor. The Consortium's results thus indicate that something about this receptor influences anesthetic action. Red hair was the first phenotype (physically apparent characteristics linked to a genetic mutation) linked to anesthetic requirement in humans, and remains the only one. Consortium research on red hair and anesthetic requirement has been covered by the San Francisco Examiner, The Globe and Mail, Reader's Digest, and National Geographic. In further research, members of the Consortium found that redheads are resistant to local anesthetics. Consequently, they are more likely to suffer pain during dental procedures — and are therefore reluctant to receive needed dental care. Consortium research on red hair and dental avoidance has been covered by Macleans, the Boston Herald, and The New York Times. Postoperative Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery (MINS) The Consortium routinely collaborates with the two other large anesthesia trial groups: 1) the Population Health Research Institute (PJ Devereaux); and 2) the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Trials Network (Paul Myles and Kate Leslie). In a series of huge trials, the groups have shown that perioperative myocardial injury is common, clinically silent, deadly — and hard to prevent. The Population Health Research Institute and Consortium dubbed this phenomenon, first described in the landmark 2012 VISION Study, as Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery, or MINS. All-cause one-month mortality after non-cardiac surgery is about 1%; amongst inpatients, it is about 2%. In fact, if the postoperative period were considered a distinct disease, it would be the third leading cause of death in the United States. The leading cause of unexpected death after otherwise routine surgery is myocardial infarction. Worldwide, 9% of surgical inpatients over the age of 45 years have a postoperative myocardial infarction — making infarctions by far the leading cause of unexpected death after otherwise routine surgery. Only 15% of postoperative infarctions present with chest pain, and 65% are entirely clinically silent which means that they will not be detected without routine blood testing for troponin (a sensitive biomarker for myocardial injury). Thirty-day mortality in patients with elevated postoperative troponin (with or without symptoms) is 10% which represents a factor-of-five increase. The number-needed-to-test to detect postoperative infarctions that would otherwise be missed is roughly 1/(9%-2%) = 14 patients. This is a much smaller number than for many other tests we do routinely for conditions that are far less deadly. Consistent with this logic, the current Universal Definition of MI guidelines recommends: "Routine monitoring of cardiac biomarkers in high-risk patients after major surgery is therefore recommended." Although how perioperative myocardial infarctions should be treated remains under active investigation, it is nonetheless well worth monitoring troponin to screen for infarctions because the prognosis is poor, and infarctions represent opportunities to make sure blood pressure, heart rate, and lipids are controlled. They are also an opportunity for life-style guidance, including recommendations related to smoking cessation, exercise, and diet. How to prevent postoperative myocardial injury remains unknown. Beta blockers prevent myocardial infarctions, but at the cost of devastating strokes. Avoiding nitrous oxide does not prevent infarctions, but also does no harm. Aspirin also does not prevent infarctions, while promoting serious surgical bleeding.: Clonidine does not prevent infarctions, while promoting serious hypotension. And neither prevents acute kidney injury. How to prevent perioperative myocardial injury remains under active investigation, but preventing hypotension may help. The Consortium's work in this area was summarized in the New England Journal of Medicine. Acute and persistent surgical pain About a hundred Consortium studies evaluate aspects of acute pain including peripheral nerve blocks and multimodal analgesia; the group is now especially interested in persistent incisional pain. Persistent pain after surgery is surprisingly common, with 10-20% of patients reporting pain 6 or 12 months after surgery. After high risk operations such as hernia repair, mastectomy, and thoracotomy, the reported risk is up to 50%. Pain that persists at 12 months is often permanent, and many patients with pain report that it significantly interferes with their lives. Persistent incisional pain is notoriously difficult to treat. What causes acute surgical pain to become persistent remains unclear. However, it seems likely to result from some combination of local tissue injury, inflammation, and abnormal activation of excitatory pain pathways. How to prevent, much less treat persistent pain remains unknown. About a dozen current Consortium studies address this major public health issue. Other research areas Major ongoing initiatives for the consortium include acute and chronic pain management, automative or continuous vital sign monitoring, fluid management, control of the surgical stress response. A recent study shows that inadequate oxygenation after surgery is surprisingly common, severe, and long-lasting. A particular interest of the group is long-term outcomes of anesthetic management. While the effects of anesthesia have traditionally been considered to dissipate within hours of surgery, there is increasing evidence that anesthetic management may alter patient outcomes weeks, months, or even years after surgery. For example, unlikely as it might seem, there is strong basic science and animal evidence suggesting the regional analgesia (such as spinal and epidural blocks, or paravertebral nerve blocks) might reduce the risk of recurrence after potentially curative cancer surgery. The Consortium is currently conducting several large randomized trials of regional analgesia and cancer recurrence. Outcomes Research statisticians routinely publish methodology articles, and their analyses set standards for statistical approaches throughout the specialty. Furthermore, the group has also developed entirely new research methods including alternating intervention studies and automated trials coordinated by background decision support systems with completely electronic data acquisition — both being novel approaches to large-scale research. Consortium members also write about conduct of clinical research, and research directions. Consortium sites Site directors administer the most active Consortium affiliates at universities in Dublin, Tel Aviv, Vienna, Melbourne, Kyoto, Beijing, Shanghai, Hamburg, Hamilton, and Dallas. See also Clinical Research Anesthesia Cleveland Clinic Perioperative Medicine Pain Medicine References External links Outcomes Research Consortium Cleveland Clinic Department of Outcomes Research Surgery Health care quality Medical and health organizations based in Ohio	[ 464, 3806, 8988, 4992, 42727, 357, 301, 2645, 1143, 355, 16289, 9858, 1546, 15731, 17133, 3398, 8, 220, 318, 281, 3230, 8668, 2267, 1448, 326, 13692, 319, 262, 583, 72, 27173, 2278, 357, 42122, 290, 706, 8185, 828, 1863, 351, 4688, 1337, 290, 2356, 4542, 13, 383, 42727, 338, 4031, 318, 284, 2987, 262, 3081, 286, 1337, 329, 21998, 11, 4688, 1337, 11, 290, 10726, 2356, 3871, 290, 284, 366, 15946, 485, 262, 2370, 329, 2370, 12, 3106, 3357, 526, 12688, 286, 262, 42727, 389, 2592, 4609, 287, 4856, 2829, 11, 1877, 12, 19121, 11, 290, 24475, 13820, 326, 423, 262, 2785, 284, 36841, 2987, 3871, 6, 21998, 6461, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1679, 12, 1941, 11162, 286, 262, 42727, 290, 663, 26516, 547, 13943, 287, 281, 13684, 287, 1052, 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17165517	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphytum%20officinale	Symphytum officinale	Symphytum officinale is a perennial flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. Along with thirty four other species of Symphytum, it is known as comfrey. To differentiate it from other members of the genus Symphytum, this species is known as common comfrey or true comfrey. Other English names include boneset, knitbone, consound, and slippery-root. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places. It is locally frequent throughout Ireland and Britain on river banks and ditches. It occurs elsewhere, including North America, as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees. Internal or long-term topical use of comfrey is discouraged due to its strong potential to cause liver toxicity. History Over centuries, comfrey was cultivated in Asia, Europe, and the United Kingdom as a vegetable and herbal medicine. Its early common names, knitbone or boneset, reflect its historical use by poultices of leaves and roots to treat sprains, bruises or bone fractures. Also the roots could be mashed then packed around a broken limb, when dried they formed a hardened 'plaster cast'. Description and botany Comfrey is found in moist grasslands or along riverbanks and ditches in western Asia, Europe, and North America. It is a perennial herb that is cold hardy down to and drought-tolerant. The plant can grow tall with branched, strongly winged stems. The root system has a pronounced, deep-reaching (up to 1.8 metres) taproot. The internally white roots are covered with black bark. Above ground the plant is covered in long, downward-pointing, tapering hairs that are bristly on the stems and softer on the leaves. Along the erect stems grow large simple, mostly stalked leaves in an alternate pattern. They are oval-lanceolate and 4 to 25 centimetres long. In the upper parts they are narrower, without stalks, and with margins that extend down the stems. The chromosome count is 2n = 24, 26, 36, 40, 48 or 54. Inflorescence and fruit The plant flowers from May to June with forked cymes that are initially coiled and later open out. They bear two rows of hermaphrodite flowers on nodding stalks that are 2 to 6 millimetres long. The small flowers measure 8–20 millimetres in length and 12 to 18 millimetres across the corolla. The flowers are radially symmetrical with five equal petals that are fused into a tubular or narrowly bell-shaped corolla with pointed, recurved teeth that are 2 millimetres long. Petals come in mainly two colours – typically cream to yellow or pink to purplish. Inside are 5 stamens and 1 stigma. The calyx has a tubular segment of about 2 millimetres and narrow, pointed teeth of about 4 millimetres. The fruits are segmented into 4 egg-shaped, shiny black nutlets that are 5–6 millimetres long. The plant produces significant nectar when compared to other UK plants tested. Although, it has a long tube, meaning only insects with long tongues can reach the nectar, some bees have been known to bite into the side of the flower to access the nectar – a foraging behaviour known as nectar robbing. Species differentiation With S. × uplandicum, leaf bases are not decurrent, stem internodes are not winged, and the surfaces of the seeds are brown, dull, and finely granular instead of shiny black. Additionally, Symphytum × uplandicum is generally more bristly, flowers later – between June and August –, and its flowers tend to be more blue or violet. Taxonomy The latin name epithet officinale refers to its use for medicinal preparations. The official first formal scientific species description appeared in 1753 in Species Plantarum by Carl Linnaeus, Tomus I, page 136. Subspecies include subsp. uliginosum (A. Kern.) Nyman (syn. S. uliginosum auct. non Kern., S. tanaicense), subsp. officinale, and subsp. bohemicum (F. W. Schmidt) Čelak (syn. S. bohemicum). A common hybrid is formed between Symphytum officinale and S. asperum, Symphytum × uplandicum, also known as Blue Comfrey, or Russian comfrey, which is widespread in the British Isles, interbreeds with S. officinale, and represents the economically most important kind of comfrey. Traditional medicine In folklore, Symphytum officinale roots were used in traditional medicine internally (as a herbal tea or tincture) or externally (as ointment, compresses, or alcoholic extract) for treatment of various disorders, including commonly as a treatment for reducing the pain of osteoarthritis. John Gerard, an English herbalist (1545–1612), mentions "the slimie substance of the roote made in a possett of ale" would help back pains. The leaves were also thought to be edible as a vegetable, similar to spinach. A 2013 review of clinical studies assessing the possible effect of comfrey on osteoarthritis found the research quality was too low to allow conclusions about its efficacy and safety. In Europe as of 2015, there were no comfrey products for oral use, and those for topical uses to treat bruises or joint pain were evaluated as having risk of liver toxicity. Toxicity and adverse effects Comfrey is mildly toxic. Like most Boraginaceae, it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are toxic compounds readily absorbed via the stomach or skin, and have potential to increase the risk of fatal liver toxicity. In 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration and Federal Trade Commission banned the sale of comfrey products for internal use and use on open wounds due to its potential toxicities. A 2018 review on pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in comfrey indicated widespread potential toxicity to humans and livestock, and the opportunity for drug development from these compounds. 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17165534	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manpreet%20Gony	Manpreet Gony	Manpreet Singh Gony (born 4 January 1984) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-arm medium pace bowler and right-hand middle order batsman. In June 2019, Gony announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, except for short-format leagues played overseas. Career Manpreet Singh Gony made his debut for Punjab in the Ranji Trophy in the season 2007–08. He was later selected for the Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League. Gony has made his mark in the 2008 Indian Premier League matches. He played for the Chennai Super Kings. He was one of leading wicket takers in the Indian Premier League and also performed well with the bat, scoring crucial runs in the last overs. He was instrumental in the Chennai Super Kings victory against Delhi Daredevils. He took 17 wickets in 16 matches in the IPL tournament. His team, the Chennai Super Kings, were the runner's up of the IPL tournament. For the IPL season of 2011, Deccan Chargers picked him up for a sum of $290,000. Gony was later picked up by Kings XI Punjab for the season 6 of IPL. Gony got a chance to play his first match against KKR where he played a match winning innings of 42 off 18 balls with a strike rate of 233. He was presented with the man of the match for his powerful batting performance. Gony was drafted into the Indian cricket team for the Tri-Nation Series in Bangladesh in place of Sreesanth who was ruled out with a side strain. On 25 March 2012, Gony became the first player ever to bowl three maiden overs in a top-level Twenty20 match. Gony finished with figures of 4–3–5–3 in Punjab's Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy quarter final win against Madhya Pradesh. He still holds the joint record for bowling the most maiden overs in a single T20(3). He was the leading wicket-taker for Punjab in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy, with 19 dismissals in five matches. In February 2017, he was bought by the Gujarat Lions team for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 60 lakhs. In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Toronto Nationals franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. In October 2020, he was drafted by the Colombo Kings for the inaugural edition of the Lanka Premier League. References External links 1984 births Living people Indian cricketers India One Day International cricketers Chennai Super Kings cricketers Punjab, India cricketers Deccan Chargers cricketers Punjab Kings cricketers India Green cricketers North Zone cricketers Colombo Stars cricketers	[ 5124, 79, 2871, 14403, 402, 1647, 357, 6286, 604, 3269, 12844, 8, 318, 281, 3942, 1067, 624, 2357, 13, 679, 318, 257, 826, 12, 1670, 7090, 8761, 9563, 1754, 290, 826, 12, 4993, 3504, 1502, 19553, 805, 13, 554, 2795, 13130, 11, 402, 1647, 3414, 465, 10737, 422, 477, 5107, 286, 18836, 11, 2845, 329, 1790, 12, 18982, 16861, 2826, 11292, 13, 198, 198, 17784, 263, 198, 5124, 79, 2871, 14403, 402, 1647, 925, 465, 8886, 329, 33328, 287, 262, 23075, 7285, 25640, 287, 262, 1622, 4343, 1906, 2919, 13, 679, 373, 1568, 6163, 329, 262, 47678, 3115, 10578, 287, 262, 3942, 9952, 4041, 13, 198, 198, 38, 1647, 468, 925, 465, 1317, 287, 262, 3648, 3942, 9952, 4041, 7466, 13, 679, 2826, 329, 262, 47678, 3115, 10578, 13, 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17165572	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Weinstein	Brian Weinstein	Brian Weinstein is a former Washington State Senator representing the 41st Legislative District. Background After a long career as an attorney representing mesothelioma victims nationwide, Weinstein was elected to the Washington State Senate in 2004 to represent the 41st legislative district of Washington (Seattle suburbs) as a Democrat, defeating a 16-year incumbent Republican legislator. Weinstein lives on Mercer Island with his wife (Gaylene Vaden) and children Trevor, Arielle and Madeleine. He graduated with honors from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a BA in Economics in 1976. He then went on to attend the University of Texas Austin School of Law to earn his JD in 1981. He also served as the former Director of the Pike Place Market Foundation Board. In February 2009, Brian was appointed by Governor Gregoire to the Public Stadium Authority. After retiring from the legislature in 2008, Weinstein resumed the practice of law. Weinstein is currently the founder of the Weinstein Caggiano law firm in Seattle, Washington, which specializes in mesothelioma cases (involving people exposed to asbestos during their careers) and life-threatening rideshare cases, where drivers and/or riders are attacked in the Uber or Lyft cars they use. Legislative history Weinstein served as Assistant Majority Whip from 2005 to 2006. After only two years in the Senate, Weinstein was chosen by the Senate Democratic Caucus to chair the Consumer Protection and Housing Committee. Weinstein is a member of the Judiciary Committee and the Early Learning and K-12 Education Committee. In 2005 at the Governor's request, Weinstein prime sponsored the Washington Learns bill, SB 5441. Signed into law, the legislation required a comprehensive study of Washington's structure and funding of public education, including recommendations for reform. Many of the recommendations have been adopted. In 2007, he prime sponsored and helped pass the Insurance Fair Conduct Act which made it unlawful for insurers to unreasonably deny a claim for coverage or payment of benefits. The insurance industry and others tried to repeal the legislation through Referendum 67, but the voters rejected the insurance industries efforts to repeal Weinstein's law. In 2008, Weinstein sponsored and passed SB 6381 which imposes a fiduciary duty on mortgage brokers (requiring mortgage brokers to act in the best interest of the borrower). Weinstein was also instrumental in securing state funding for the Washington State Holocaust Education Resource Center. The Legislature failed to pass Weinstein's Homebuyer's Bill of Rights which would have held builders liable for shoddy construction. In 2007 and 2008 the bill passed the Senate but was never brought to a vote before the full House of Representatives. In 2008, Weinstein announced he would return to the practice of law and not run for re-election. Awards and recognition Weinstein is the recipient of the 2008 Fuse "Sizzle" award for "Favorite Gunslinger." The Washington-based online advocacy group honored Weinstein for his "four years as a fearless and relentless crusader for consumer protection." 2008 Poverty Action Leadership Award 2007 Humane Society of the United States state legislator of the year award 2006 Outstanding Legislator, Children's Alliance 2005 City of Renton Award; Washington Association of School Administrators Community Leadership Award Planned Parenthood award for exceptional commitment and effort References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Washington (state) state senators	[ 24761, 22473, 318, 257, 1966, 2669, 1812, 8962, 10200, 262, 6073, 301, 30356, 5665, 13, 198, 198, 21756, 198, 3260, 257, 890, 3451, 355, 281, 6136, 10200, 18842, 313, 2978, 72, 6086, 4970, 13673, 11, 22473, 373, 7018, 284, 262, 2669, 1812, 3845, 287, 5472, 284, 2380, 262, 6073, 301, 10828, 4783, 286, 2669, 357, 34007, 21040, 8, 355, 257, 9755, 11, 21320, 257, 1467, 12, 1941, 23526, 3415, 44840, 13, 220, 220, 220, 22473, 3160, 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17165605	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuga%20pyramidalis	Ajuga pyramidalis	Ajuga pyramidalis, commonly known as pyramidal bugle, is a flowering plant of the genus Ajuga in the family Lamiaceae. It is a native plant in Europe. Description Pyramidal bugle is a perennial, herbaceous plant growing from about tall. At the base there is a rosette of stalked leaves which are significantly larger than the stem leaves. The stiff upright hairy stem is square and bears simple leaves growing in opposite pairs. They are ovate, hairy above and below and have a slightly wavy edge. The inflorescence has leaf-like bracts subtending the individual flowers. The bracts gradually get smaller towards the tip of the inflorescence, are always longer than the flowers and the upper ones are often tinged purple. The inflorescence forms a pyramid-shaped terminal spike and is formed of axillary whorls. The calyx of each flower is five-lobed, the bluish-violet corolla has a long tube and is fused, with two lips. The upper lip is very short and the lower lip is three-lobed. There are four stamens, two long and two short. The gynoecium is formed of two fused carpels and the fruit is a four-chambered schizocarp. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic. The flowers produce nectar to attract pollinators which are bumblebees and butterflies. The flowering time extends from June to August. The chromosome number is 2n = 32. Ecology The bracts in the inflorescence form effective shelters for the flowers from rain, their red-violet color enhances the signal effect of the flowers. The shaggy hairiness of the calyx protects the flower against small, crawling insects. The nectar is additionally secured by a stiff, upturned hair ring. The fruits with fleshy, oily appendages (elaiosomes) are quickly taken by ants. Distribution Rocky ground, very rare in Ireland. Also found in Scotland and Westmorland in England. Occurrence The pyramid bugle is native to in northern Europe and the Caucasus where it occurs at sea level in the British Isles, in the mountains of central and southern Europe, and in northern and western Scandinavia. It grows on almost neutral soils in open grassland, heathland and rock ledges. In the Alps, it grows at altitudes of up to . Uses The pyramid bugle, like many Ajuga species, is often erroneously claimed to hold medicinal properties and may be used for wound treatment and for metabolic disorders. References Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen, München 2003, M. A. Fischer, W. Adler & K Oswald.: Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, Linz, 2005, Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8 Auflage. 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17165611	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastri%2C%20Cythera	Kastri, Cythera	Kastri is a village in the island of Cythera, Islands regional unit, Greece. Kastri has been occupied by humans since the Bronze Age, and was an important settlement of the Early Helladic/Minoan Period of Crete. Kastri is thought to have been an early settlement of Minoan Crete. Kastri on Cythera is considerably but directly north of the ancient site of Kydonia, which was the major northwestern Cretan ancient city. See also Kydonia Line notes References Cyprian Broodbank and Evangelia Kiriatzi, The First "Minoans" of Kythera Revisited: Technology, Demography, and Landscape in the Prepalatial Aegean, American Journal of Archaeology, volume: 111, issue 2, pages 241–274, April 2007 C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008 Ohio State University, A Brief History of Northern Kythera, Kythira	[ 42, 459, 380, 318, 257, 7404, 287, 262, 7022, 286, 5934, 490, 64, 11, 12010, 7915, 4326, 11, 10315, 13, 220, 509, 459, 380, 468, 587, 12030, 416, 5384, 1201, 262, 19461, 7129, 11, 290, 373, 281, 1593, 9443, 286, 262, 12556, 5783, 23876, 14, 44, 2879, 272, 18581, 286, 5844, 660, 13, 509, 459, 380, 318, 1807, 284, 423, 587, 281, 1903, 9443, 286, 1855, 24611, 5844, 660, 13, 220, 509, 459, 380, 319, 5934, 490, 64, 318, 15394, 475, 3264, 5093, 286, 262, 6156, 2524, 286, 509, 5173, 11339, 11, 543, 373, 262, 1688, 48164, 327, 1186, 272, 6156, 1748, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 509, 5173, 11339, 198, 198, 13949, 4710, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 5934, 3448, 272, 2806, 375, 17796, 290, 27834, 544, 7385, 5375, 17027, 11, 383, 3274, 366, 44, 2879, 504, 1, 286, 11118, 490, 64, 46146, 863, 25, 8987, 11, 1897, 4867, 11, 290, 6379, 6794, 287, 262, 3771, 18596, 34961, 37532, 469, 272, 11, 1605, 4913, 286, 32187, 1435, 11, 6115, 25, 13374, 11, 2071, 362, 11, 5468, 35150, 1906, 28857, 11, 3035, 4343, 220, 198, 327, 13, 3899, 25316, 11, 327, 5173, 11339, 11, 383, 12495, 47789, 3699, 11, 2365, 13, 2242, 11, 3648, 198, 6835, 1812, 2059, 11, 317, 22821, 7443, 286, 8342, 11118, 490, 64, 11, 220, 198, 198, 42, 5272, 8704 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165635	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Palmas%E2%80%93Francisco%20Beltr%C3%A3o	Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão	The Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão () is a diocese located in the cities of Palmas & Francisco Beltrão in the Ecclesiastical province of Cascavel in Brazil. History December 9, 1933: Established as Territorial Prelature of Palmas from the Diocese of Lages and Diocese of Ponta Grossa January 14, 1958: Promoted as Diocese of Palmas January 7, 1987: Renamed as Diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão Bishops Ordinaries Prelates of Palmas Bishop Carlos Eduardo de Sabóia Bandeira Melo, O.F.M. (13 December 1947 – 11 April 1958) Bishops of Palmas Bishop Carlos Eduardo de Sabóia Bandeira Melo, O.F.M. (11 April 1958 – 7 February 1969) Bishop Agostinho José Sartori, O.F.M. Cap. (16 February 1970 – 7 January 1987) Bishops of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão Bishop Agostinho José Sartori, O.F.M. Cap. (7 January 1987 – 24 August 2005) Bishop José Antônio Peruzzo (24 August 2005 – 7 January 2015), appointed Archbishop of Curitiba, Parana Bishop Edgar Xavier Ertl, S.A.C. (27 April 2016 – present) Auxiliary bishop Luiz Vicente Bernetti, O.A.D. (1996-2005), appointed Bishop of Apucarana, Parana Other priest of this diocese who became bishop Geremias Steinmetz, appointed Bishop of Paranavaí, Parana in 2011 References External links GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Palmas-Francisco Beltrao, Roman Catholic Diocese of Christian organizations established in 1933 Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century 1933 establishments in Brazil Francisco Beltrão	[ 464, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 3175, 5356, 1906, 42885, 4861, 16734, 81, 28749, 7499, 318, 257, 2566, 31292, 5140, 287, 262, 4736, 286, 3175, 5356, 1222, 6033, 16734, 81, 28749, 287, 262, 38308, 46360, 8473, 286, 327, 42688, 626, 287, 7595, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 3426, 860, 11, 26539, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 18968, 5132, 28887, 1300, 286, 3175, 5356, 422, 262, 6031, 31292, 286, 406, 1095, 290, 6031, 31292, 286, 26345, 64, 21796, 64, 198, 3269, 1478, 11, 24648, 25, 10335, 5191, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 3175, 5356, 198, 3269, 767, 11, 12923, 25, 7152, 2434, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 3175, 5356, 1906, 42885, 4861, 16734, 81, 28749, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 198, 198, 35422, 259, 3166, 198, 47, 2411, 689, 286, 3175, 5356, 198, 16559, 17409, 40766, 13109, 390, 9910, 10205, 544, 10243, 68, 8704, 5616, 78, 11, 440, 13, 37, 13, 44, 13, 357, 1485, 3426, 21709, 784, 1367, 3035, 24648, 8, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 286, 3175, 5356, 198, 16559, 17409, 40766, 13109, 390, 9910, 10205, 544, 10243, 68, 8704, 5616, 78, 11, 440, 13, 37, 13, 44, 13, 357, 1157, 3035, 24648, 220, 784, 767, 3945, 16450, 8, 198, 16559, 2449, 455, 20327, 36997, 311, 433, 10145, 11, 440, 13, 37, 13, 44, 13, 4476, 13, 357, 1433, 3945, 8069, 784, 767, 3269, 12923, 8, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 286, 3175, 5356, 1906, 42885, 4861, 16734, 81, 28749, 220, 198, 16559, 2449, 455, 20327, 36997, 311, 433, 10145, 11, 440, 13, 37, 13, 44, 13, 4476, 13, 357, 22, 3269, 12923, 784, 1987, 2932, 5075, 8, 198, 16559, 36997, 3738, 27083, 77, 952, 2448, 4715, 78, 357, 1731, 2932, 5075, 784, 767, 3269, 1853, 828, 9899, 36746, 286, 4424, 270, 23718, 11, 2547, 2271, 198, 16559, 29166, 30825, 5256, 28781, 11, 311, 13, 32, 13, 34, 13, 357, 1983, 3035, 1584, 784, 1944, 8, 198, 198, 32, 2821, 28129, 24233, 198, 25596, 528, 24017, 21872, 6206, 24851, 11, 440, 13, 32, 13, 35, 13, 357, 22288, 12, 14315, 828, 9899, 16559, 286, 5949, 1229, 283, 2271, 11, 2547, 2271, 198, 198, 6395, 11503, 286, 428, 2566, 31292, 508, 2627, 24233, 198, 38, 567, 76, 4448, 15215, 4164, 89, 11, 9899, 16559, 286, 42561, 4170, 8836, 11, 2547, 2271, 287, 2813, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 20145, 776, 4160, 13, 2398, 198, 7835, 36496, 9282, 198, 6031, 31292, 3052, 357, 13924, 1018, 20506, 8, 220, 198, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 287, 7595, 198, 11531, 5356, 12, 42885, 4861, 16734, 430, 78, 11, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 198, 20298, 5745, 4920, 287, 26539, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 290, 662, 75, 6691, 4920, 287, 262, 1160, 400, 4289, 198, 1129, 2091, 33228, 287, 7595, 198, 42885, 4861, 16734, 81, 28749 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165651	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocolo	Mocolo	Mocolo is a proprietary video analysis server for Microsoft Windows, mostly used in interactive environments. It monitors video streams, finds interactions (presences or movements) and sends analysis results to a list of client applications in form of Open Sound Control (OSC) packets. Key features: lightweight performance, capability to analyze several video sources at the same time, connectivity toward any OSC capable application. Mocolo makes use of small amounts of CPU time and no use of the GPU, leaving enough resources for other client applications running on the same machine. External links Mocolo homepage Xtend3dLab projects page Computer vision software	[ 44, 4668, 78, 318, 257, 20622, 2008, 3781, 4382, 329, 5413, 3964, 11, 4632, 973, 287, 14333, 12493, 13, 220, 198, 1026, 19374, 2008, 15190, 11, 7228, 12213, 357, 18302, 3007, 393, 8650, 8, 290, 12800, 3781, 2482, 284, 257, 1351, 286, 5456, 5479, 287, 1296, 286, 4946, 9506, 6779, 357, 2640, 34, 8, 24624, 13, 198, 9218, 3033, 25, 18700, 2854, 11, 12971, 284, 16602, 1811, 2008, 4237, 379, 262, 976, 640, 11, 19843, 3812, 597, 440, 6173, 6007, 3586, 13, 198, 44, 4668, 78, 1838, 779, 286, 1402, 6867, 286, 9135, 640, 290, 645, 779, 286, 262, 11362, 11, 4305, 1576, 4133, 329, 584, 5456, 5479, 2491, 319, 262, 976, 4572, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 337, 4668, 78, 34940, 198, 1395, 83, 437, 18, 67, 17822, 4493, 2443, 198, 198, 34556, 5761, 3788 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165671	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel%20Pendleton	Nathaniel Pendleton	Nathaniel Pendleton (October 27, 1756 – October 20, 1821) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Georgia. Education and career Born on October 27, 1756, in New Kent County, Colony of Virginia, British America, Pendleton read law. He served in the Continental Army starting in 1775, during the American Revolutionary War, serving as an aide-de-camp to General Nathanael Greene in the campaigns in the southern states. He was in private practice in Savannah, Georgia until 1789. He was Attorney General of Georgia from 1785 to 1786. He was elected as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 which drafted the United States Constitution, but did not attend. He was elected to the Congress of the Confederation (Continental Congress) in 1789, but did not attend. Federal judicial service Pendleton was nominated by President George Washington on September 24, 1789, to the United States District Court for the District of Georgia, to a new seat authorized by . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 26, 1789, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on September 1, 1796, due to his resignation. Later career Following his resignation from the federal bench, Pendleton resumed private practice in Dutchess County, New York starting in 1796. He was a Judge of the Dutchess County Court until 1821. Duel On July 11, 1804, Pendleton served as a second to Alexander Hamilton in Hamilton’s fatal duel with Aaron Burr. Death Pendleton died on October 20, 1821, in Hyde Park, New York. He was interred in St. James' Churchyard in Hyde Park. Family Pendleton was a nephew of Edmund Pendleton, the 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and cousin of John Penn, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation from North Carolina. He was the father of Nathanael G. Pendleton, a United States representative from Ohio. References Sources Guide to the Nathaniel Pendleton Papers, 1767-1867 1756 births 1821 deaths Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Georgia United States federal judges appointed by George Washington 18th-century American judges New York (state) state court judges People from New Kent County, Virginia People from Hyde Park, New York Pendleton family Continental Army officers from Virginia United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law Georgia (U.S. state) Attorneys General	[ 45, 776, 6321, 36865, 10565, 357, 18517, 2681, 11, 1596, 3980, 784, 3267, 1160, 11, 1248, 2481, 8, 373, 257, 1578, 1829, 4783, 5052, 286, 262, 1578, 1829, 5665, 3078, 329, 262, 5665, 286, 7859, 13, 198, 198, 41183, 290, 3451, 198, 198, 28524, 319, 3267, 2681, 11, 1596, 3980, 11, 287, 968, 8758, 3418, 11, 34480, 286, 6025, 11, 3517, 2253, 11, 36865, 10565, 1100, 1099, 13, 679, 4983, 287, 262, 30462, 5407, 3599, 287, 1596, 2425, 11, 1141, 262, 1605, 28105, 1810, 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17165712	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica%20longifolia	Veronica longifolia	Veronica longifolia, known as garden speedwell or longleaf speedwell, is a flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. Description This herbaceous perennial is tall and spreads to . The flower spikes are long and bear lilac to purple blooms. References Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus longifolia	[ 13414, 32752, 890, 361, 22703, 11, 1900, 355, 11376, 2866, 4053, 393, 890, 33201, 2866, 4053, 11, 318, 257, 48573, 4618, 287, 262, 1641, 16561, 23183, 48319, 13, 198, 198, 11828, 198, 1212, 21047, 37797, 39983, 318, 220, 7331, 290, 26779, 284, 764, 383, 15061, 27198, 389, 220, 890, 290, 6842, 42280, 330, 284, 14032, 24924, 3150, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 3646, 1187, 3417, 287, 1596, 4310, 198, 27017, 64, 3706, 416, 8124, 5164, 2616, 27650, 198, 6511, 361, 22703 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165720	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okija	Okija	Okija is the largest town in Ihiala LGA of Anambra State in Southeast Nigeria. The town is the oldest of all the towns in Ihiala local government area, and one of the biggest towns in Igboland. The people of Okija are predominantly Christians. Okija is the home to Madonna University and Legacy University. Bordered in the east by Ihembosi and Ukpor cities, within the west by olu or Ogbakubara, within the north by Ozubulu and within the south by Ihiala. In Okija, the Ulasi River on its flow to the Atlantic, joins Okposi river one of its tributaries. Culture Okija Shrine The Okija Shrine or Ogwuwu Akpu is the popular local shrine in the city. It was a dispute settlement shrine where people with personal, land and business issues go to in order to seek adjudication by the gods. Climate Notable Nigerians from Okija Okija is home to many notable Nigerians, including; Ebuka Obi-Uchendu a popular television and media personality Nze Akachukwu Sullivan Nwankpo (special adviser to Goodluck Jonathan, Former President of Nigeria) Ifeanyi Chudy Momah The vegetation of Okija Is mainly forest with palm trees because the chief economic tree. The land is of course terribly fertile, thus the chief occupation in Okija is farming or agriculture. Okija is that the largest food Producer in Ihiala L.G.A and Anambra State. She grows many huge and little yams, cassava, coco yams, maize, plantain and palm manufacture (oil and kernel), etc. The chief occupations in Okija is fishing, searching and animal-keeping (especially goats, sheep, pigs and fowls). Okija is once more the most important meat and fish producers and provider in Ihiala LGA. Okija – Achala – Ogidi According to one legend, Okija, Ihiala, Ihembosi and Uli had one father referred to as Achala, the son of Ogidi. this can be why Okija is a few times called Okija – Achala – Ogidi. According to this legend, Okija was the primary son: Ihembosi, the second, Ihiala, the third, and Uli the fourth and last. Naturally, they need to decide on things and break Kola so as of seniority. This can be why Okija breaks Kola nut for all the cities in Ihiala LGA, the court of law connected cities, though settled at Ihiala, is thought as Achala city court up to nowadays. THE THIRTY ONE VILLAGES IN OKIJA OR OKIJA “OHU EBO NA IRI; 1. Umuezedam, 2. Umuakporom, 3. Ugwucheleku, 4. Umuapani, 5. Ubahuagbugba, 6.Umudalaegwu (Uhuosu), 7. Umudioka, 8. Ezieke, 9. Umuokpala ezike, 10. Umuawa, 11. Umuchiuwa, 12. Umu- Uzu, 13. Umunakwa, 14. Ubahu-Ezike, 15. Umuezeobi, 16. Umunzele, 17. Uhudim, 18. Ohukabia, 19. Umuofo, 20. Umu-Ezewulum, 21. Uhungwu, 22. Isieke / Ubahudara, 23. Ubahueze, 24. Isifulu, 25. Etiti Umuhu or Umuhu, 26. Umuigwe, 27. Umuodogwu, 28.Ohuogwugwu, 29. Umuezim/ Ezimbala, 30. Umuanumoge, and, 31. Umunnafojolo. Okija or the thirty one mentioned villages loosely divided into three; 1. Ubahu Abu Ubahu: This conjure Ubahu, Umuohi (Umunhi), ubahuezike and umuhu 2. Uhuobo and Uhuowere: This consists of Uhudim, Umuofo, Ohukabia, Umuatuegwu and Uhuowere. 3. Ihite abu Ihite: This contains Ubahummonu, Ubahudara, Isieke and Ihite. Traditionally or a few years gone, Okija city had no king or didn’t respect and regard someone because the chief of the thirty one villages in Okija. In those years, sturdy individuals assumed leadership of various villages and quarters. Now Okija has its own city council. In recent years, His Royal Highness, Igwe (Sir) Emeka Nnamdi Okezie. Therefore the governance currently rests on the Igwe and also the native councilors still at the Okparas. People who facilitate within the regime of the city embrace the cohort (the age group) and Igwe in council. Okija is currently represented in the Federal House of Representatives by Ifeanyi Chudy Momah External links https://www.facebook.com/pages/Proudly-Okija/134586123356192?ref=ts&fref=ts Macabre discovery in Okija, Anambra State! - by Alfred Obiora Uzokwe OPINION :- The Ogwugwu Okija fairy tale - by Jimmie Asoegwu and Obi Anoliefo, courtesy of Vanguard and the Internet Archive "Okija: Shrine Saga Enters the Movies" Understanding The Okija Shrine Phenomenon And The Art Of Mental Poisoning by Emmanuel U. Obi Full, Authentic List of Patrons of Okija Shrine (Part Two) Horror: Police find 50 bodies, 20 skulls in Anambra shrine Reference List Populated places in Anambra State Madonna University	[ 18690, 34655, 318, 262, 4387, 3240, 287, 314, 71, 498, 64, 406, 9273, 286, 1052, 4131, 430, 1812, 287, 21199, 19398, 13, 383, 3240, 318, 262, 13325, 286, 477, 262, 11684, 287, 314, 71, 498, 64, 1957, 1230, 1989, 11, 290, 530, 286, 262, 4094, 11684, 287, 314, 22296, 23573, 13, 383, 661, 286, 6762, 34655, 389, 20736, 9316, 13, 6762, 34655, 318, 262, 1363, 284, 42345, 2059, 290, 14843, 2059, 13, 220, 347, 24071, 287, 262, 7627, 416, 314, 258, 2022, 21707, 290, 5065, 1819, 4736, 11, 1626, 262, 7421, 416, 267, 2290, 393, 440, 22296, 461, 549, 3301, 11, 1626, 262, 5093, 416, 18024, 549, 15712, 290, 1626, 262, 5366, 416, 314, 71, 498, 64, 13, 554, 6762, 34655, 11, 262, 16322, 17053, 5866, 319, 663, 5202, 284, 262, 10596, 11, 15449, 6762, 1930, 72, 7850, 530, 286, 663, 256, 2455, 3166, 13, 198, 198, 34, 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17165742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmo%20Gideon	Elmo Gideon	Elmo Clifford Gideon (January 11, 1924 – December 21, 2010) was an American painter and sculptor of the 20th and 21st centuries. Thursday, 12 April 2001, was declared “Gideon Day” with an official Proclamation by the Miami-Dade County Office of the Mayor and Board of County Commissioners. Notes External links The Gideon Holocaust Collection Artist's Homepage Featuring Bio and Images of Artwork 1924 births 2010 deaths American sculptors Civilian Conservation Corps people People from Overland Park, Kansas	[ 9527, 5908, 43159, 46606, 357, 21339, 1367, 11, 37547, 784, 3426, 2310, 11, 3050, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 34537, 290, 14747, 273, 286, 262, 1160, 400, 290, 2310, 301, 10675, 13, 198, 198, 25381, 11, 1105, 3035, 5878, 11, 373, 6875, 564, 250, 38, 42381, 3596, 447, 251, 351, 281, 1743, 1041, 20931, 416, 262, 8437, 12, 35, 671, 3418, 4452, 286, 262, 10106, 290, 5926, 286, 3418, 48053, 13, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 383, 46606, 18661, 12251, 198, 18902, 338, 5995, 7700, 39778, 16024, 290, 5382, 286, 3683, 1818, 198, 198, 1129, 1731, 27244, 198, 10333, 7040, 198, 7437, 14747, 669, 198, 32610, 666, 23702, 12778, 661, 198, 8061, 422, 3827, 1044, 3250, 11, 9470 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165743	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Toledo%2C%20Brazil	Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo, Brazil	The Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a diocese located in the city of Toledo in the Ecclesiastical province of Cascavel in Brazil. History June 20, 1959: Established as Diocese of Toledo from the Territorial Prelature of Foz do Iguaçu Bishops Bishops of Toledo (Latin Church), in reverse chronological order Bishop João Carlos Seneme (2013.06.26 – ...) Bishop Francisco Carlos Bach (2005.07.27 – 2012.10.03), appointed Bishop of São José dos Pinhais, Parana Bishop Anuar Battisti (1998.04.15 – 2004.09.29), appointed Archbishop of Maringá, Parana Bishop Lúcio Ignácio Baumgaertner (1983.07.02 – 1995.12.27), appointed Archbishop of Cascavel Bishop Geraldo Majella Agnelo (1978.05.05 – 1982.10.04), appointed Archbishop of Londrina, Parana; future Cardinal Bishop Armando Círio, O.S.I. (1960.05.14 – 1978.05.05), appointed Bishop of Cascavel; future archbishop Other priests of this diocese who became bishops Irineu Roque Scherer, appointed Bishop of Garanhuns, Pernambuco in 1998 Odilo Pedro Scherer, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of São Paulo in 2001; future Cardinal References External links GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1959 Toledo, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century Toledo, Paraná	[ 464, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 36026, 7499, 318, 257, 2566, 31292, 5140, 287, 262, 1748, 286, 36026, 287, 262, 38308, 46360, 8473, 286, 327, 42688, 626, 287, 7595, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 2795, 1160, 11, 23859, 25, 10062, 22555, 355, 6031, 31292, 286, 36026, 422, 262, 18968, 5132, 28887, 1300, 286, 376, 8590, 466, 314, 5162, 64, 16175, 84, 198, 198, 33, 21863, 198, 347, 21863, 286, 36026, 357, 49022, 4564, 828, 287, 9575, 45946, 1502, 198, 16559, 5302, 28749, 17409, 2311, 34755, 357, 6390, 13, 3312, 13, 2075, 784, 2644, 8, 198, 16559, 6033, 17409, 25332, 357, 14315, 13, 2998, 13, 1983, 784, 2321, 13, 940, 13, 3070, 828, 9899, 16559, 286, 311, 28749, 36997, 23430, 13727, 3099, 271, 11, 2547, 2271, 198, 16559, 1052, 84, 283, 12350, 396, 72, 357, 21113, 13, 3023, 13, 1314, 784, 5472, 13, 2931, 13, 1959, 828, 9899, 36746, 286, 1526, 278, 6557, 11, 2547, 2271, 198, 16559, 406, 21356, 66, 952, 16583, 6557, 66, 952, 8999, 388, 4908, 861, 1008, 357, 29279, 13, 2998, 13, 2999, 784, 8735, 13, 1065, 13, 1983, 828, 9899, 36746, 286, 327, 42688, 626, 198, 16559, 49662, 4598, 12390, 12627, 2449, 4954, 78, 357, 37950, 13, 2713, 13, 2713, 784, 14489, 13, 940, 13, 3023, 828, 9899, 36746, 286, 406, 623, 22267, 11, 2547, 2271, 26, 2003, 25564, 198, 16559, 7057, 25440, 327, 8836, 27250, 11, 440, 13, 50, 13, 40, 13, 357, 38503, 13, 2713, 13, 1415, 784, 15524, 13, 2713, 13, 2713, 828, 9899, 16559, 286, 327, 42688, 626, 26, 2003, 3934, 27832, 198, 198, 6395, 17345, 286, 428, 2566, 31292, 508, 2627, 27538, 198, 40, 7640, 84, 5564, 4188, 1446, 48386, 11, 9899, 16559, 286, 7164, 272, 71, 13271, 11, 350, 1142, 4131, 84, 1073, 287, 7795, 198, 46, 67, 18526, 28855, 1446, 48386, 11, 220, 9899, 47105, 28129, 16559, 286, 311, 28749, 34410, 287, 5878, 26, 2003, 25564, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 20145, 776, 4160, 13, 2398, 198, 7835, 36496, 9282, 198, 220, 6031, 31292, 3052, 357, 13924, 1018, 20506, 8, 198, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 287, 7595, 198, 20298, 5745, 4920, 287, 23859, 198, 51, 349, 24757, 11, 7993, 7835, 6031, 31292, 286, 198, 32454, 7835, 2566, 420, 274, 274, 290, 662, 75, 6691, 4920, 287, 262, 1160, 400, 4289, 198, 51, 349, 24757, 11, 42561, 6557 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165776	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succisa%20pratensis	Succisa pratensis	Succisa pratensis, also known as devil's-bit or devil's-bit scabious, is a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. It differs from other similar species in that it has four-lobed flowers, whereas small scabious and field scabious have five lobes and hence it has been placed in a separate genus in the same family. It also grows on damper ground. Name Species of scabious were used to treat scabies, and other afflictions of the skin including sores caused by the bubonic plague. The word scabies comes from the Latin word for "scratch" (scabere). In folk tales, the short black root was bitten off by the devil, for various reasons: anger at the plant's ability to cure these ailments, anger against the Virgin Mary, or as part of some 'devilish plot'. The Latin specific epithet pratensis literally means "of the meadow". Description Succisa pratensis is a herbaceous perennial up to 1m tall, growing from a basal rosette of simple or distantly-toothed, lanceolate leaves. Its unlobed leaves distinguish it from Knautia arvensis (field scabious). The plant may be distinguished from Centaurea scabiosa (greater knapweed) by having its leaves in opposite pairs, not alternate as in knapweed. The bluish to violet (occasionally pink) flowers are borne in tight compound flower heads or capitula. Individual flowers are tetramerous, with a four-lobed epicalyx and calyx and a four-lobed corolla. Male and female flowers are produced on different flower heads (gynodioecious), the female flower heads being smaller. The flowering period in the British Isles is from June until October. Distribution Succisa pratensis is common throughout most of the British Isles, western and central Europe, extending eastwards into central Asia. It is absent from eastern Asia. It has been introduced to eastern North America. Ecology It grows in wet or dry grassland and heath on acid or basic soils and is found in hedgerows, marshes, meadows and pastures. The flowers are visited by various types of insects, but especially frequently by hoverflies of the genus Eristalis. It is a good source of nectar and is the larval food plant of the marsh fritillary, the eggs of which are laid in groups on the underside of the plant, and the narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (Hemaris tityus). As both invertebrates are rare, their survival relies on careful management of sites containing these plant and butterfly species. It is parasitized by the chytrid fungus Synchytrium succisae. Management The aim is to produce an uneven patchwork of short and long vegetation by the end of the grazing period, between . This is to allow the devil's bit scabious food plant to grow. This can be achieved through low intensity grazing (also known as extensive grazing) using cattle. Sheep are not so good as they are more efficient at removing wild plants. 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17165780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Schmit	Patrick Schmit	Patrick Schmit (born 1 November 1974) is a Luxembourgish retired competitive figure skater, born in Luxembourg City. He placed 29th at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Results References Skatabase: 1990s Olympics External links Figure Skating Corner profile Luxembourgian male single skaters Olympic figure skaters for Luxembourg Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics Sportspeople from Luxembourg City 1974 births Living people	[ 32718, 3059, 2781, 357, 6286, 352, 3389, 16489, 8, 318, 257, 31864, 680, 9880, 7606, 3785, 1341, 729, 11, 4642, 287, 31864, 2254, 13, 679, 4624, 2808, 400, 379, 262, 7795, 10633, 14935, 13, 198, 198, 25468, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 3661, 265, 5754, 25, 6303, 82, 14935, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 11291, 3661, 803, 26212, 7034, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 43, 2821, 368, 6084, 18299, 4257, 2060, 1341, 8605, 198, 46, 6760, 291, 3785, 1341, 8605, 329, 31864, 198, 11337, 1341, 8605, 379, 262, 7795, 10633, 14935, 198, 18153, 15332, 422, 31864, 2254, 198, 40828, 27244, 198, 36376, 661 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasscock%20County%20Courthouse	Glasscock County Courthouse	The Glasscock County Courthouse is an historic courthouse building located in Garden City, Glasscock County, Texas. Built in 1909 to 1910 at a cost of $28,000, it was designed by Georgia-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. It was built of granite and rusticated stone with gable front porticoes on all sides, each of which is supported by four 2-story Doric columns. Unlike the Mason County Courthouse also designed by Hosford and built at the same time for $39,786, the Glasscock County Courthouse has no clock tower cupola in the center of its roof and its side porticoes are smaller than the other two. The prior courthouse, a small 2-story stone building, still stands on the property. It was used as a jail after the present courthouse was built but is now closed. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Glasscock County, Texas List of county courthouses in Texas Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Glasscock County References External links National Register Nomination Form, Glasscock County Courthouse and Jail Glasscock County website Protection of Texas County Courthouses Texas Courthouse Trail: Glasscock County Texas Escapes - Garden City - has picture of prior courthouse Texas Escapes: Glasscock County Courthouse Texas Courthouses: history of Glasscock County Courthouse Texas Courthouses: picture of Glasscock County Courthouse Buildings and structures in Glasscock County, Texas County courthouses in Texas Edward Columbus Hosford buildings Neoclassical architecture in Texas Government buildings completed in 1910 Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas National Register of Historic Places in Glasscock County, Texas	[ 464, 12158, 21517, 3418, 2734, 23931, 318, 281, 9566, 33625, 2615, 5140, 220, 287, 11652, 2254, 11, 12158, 21517, 3418, 11, 3936, 13, 28477, 287, 41507, 284, 31953, 379, 257, 1575, 286, 720, 2078, 11, 830, 11, 340, 373, 3562, 416, 7859, 12, 6286, 1605, 7068, 10443, 14939, 30789, 3841, 11, 508, 318, 4367, 329, 262, 220, 1093, 400, 11370, 290, 584, 6832, 326, 339, 3562, 287, 4744, 11, 7859, 290, 3936, 13, 632, 373, 3170, 286, 41013, 290, 17000, 3474, 7815, 351, 308, 540, 2166, 2493, 291, 3028, 319, 477, 5389, 11, 1123, 286, 543, 318, 4855, 416, 1440, 362, 12, 13571, 360, 8146, 15180, 13, 12101, 262, 14737, 3418, 2734, 23931, 635, 3562, 416, 30789, 3841, 220, 290, 3170, 379, 262, 976, 640, 329, 720, 2670, 11, 46302, 11, 262, 12158, 21517, 3418, 2734, 23931, 468, 645, 8801, 10580, 6508, 5708, 287, 262, 3641, 286, 663, 9753, 290, 663, 1735, 2493, 291, 3028, 389, 4833, 621, 262, 584, 734, 13, 198, 198, 464, 3161, 33625, 11, 257, 1402, 362, 12, 13571, 7815, 2615, 11, 991, 6296, 319, 262, 3119, 13, 632, 373, 973, 355, 257, 7356, 706, 262, 1944, 33625, 373, 3170, 475, 318, 783, 4838, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 198, 16186, 17296, 286, 30426, 37291, 26890, 287, 12158, 21517, 3418, 11, 3936, 198, 8053, 286, 7968, 1093, 400, 11370, 287, 3936, 198, 23739, 276, 3936, 30426, 6379, 14306, 287, 12158, 21517, 3418, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 2351, 17296, 21198, 1883, 5178, 11, 12158, 21517, 3418, 2734, 23931, 290, 25715, 198, 12158, 21517, 3418, 3052, 198, 9985, 286, 3936, 3418, 2734, 400, 11370, 198, 3936, 2734, 23931, 13069, 25, 12158, 21517, 3418, 198, 21607, 16319, 7916, 532, 11652, 2254, 532, 468, 4286, 286, 3161, 33625, 198, 220, 3936, 16319, 7916, 25, 12158, 21517, 3418, 2734, 23931, 198, 3936, 2734, 400, 11370, 25, 2106, 286, 12158, 21517, 3418, 2734, 23931, 198, 3936, 2734, 400, 11370, 25, 4286, 286, 12158, 21517, 3418, 2734, 23931, 198, 198, 15580, 654, 290, 8573, 287, 12158, 21517, 3418, 11, 3936, 198, 12332, 88, 1093, 400, 11370, 287, 3936, 198, 43982, 14939, 30789, 3841, 6832, 198, 8199, 420, 31172, 605, 10959, 287, 3936, 198, 28848, 6832, 5668, 287, 31953, 198, 25877, 400, 11370, 319, 262, 2351, 17296, 286, 30426, 37291, 287, 3936, 198, 16186, 17296, 286, 30426, 37291, 287, 12158, 21517, 3418, 11, 3936 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelo%20Prado	Lelo Prado	Lelo Prado (born November 5, 1962) is the former head baseball coach at the University of South Florida. Hired in 2006, he guided the Bulls to a 36–24 record in his inaugural season. In 24 years as a collegiate coach, he has posted a 763–580–2 record. He led the Bulls to a 9–0 start in 2006, and South Florida was ranked 30th in the nation for that week. Prado left the position following the 2014 season. He is now a deputy athletic director at South Florida. Prior to coaching at USF, he served as the head coach 11 seasons at the University of Louisville. Prado also coached for seven seasons at the University of Tampa, where he won two Division II national championships, in 1992 and 1993. In 2002, he took Louisville to its first ever NCAA tournament appearance, and earned Conference USA coach of the year honors. He had seven 30-win seasons at Louisville, also a school record. Head coaching record References 1962 births Living people Hillsborough Hawks baseball players Louisville Cardinals baseball coaches South Florida Bulls baseball coaches Tampa Spartans baseball coaches Tampa Spartans baseball players Baseball players from Havana Hillsborough Hawks baseball coaches Baseball players from Tampa, Florida	[ 43, 22126, 1736, 4533, 357, 6286, 3389, 642, 11, 20033, 8, 318, 262, 1966, 1182, 9283, 3985, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 2520, 4744, 13, 367, 1202, 287, 4793, 11, 339, 17455, 262, 18075, 284, 257, 4570, 1906, 1731, 1700, 287, 465, 26851, 1622, 13, 554, 1987, 812, 355, 257, 44953, 3985, 11, 339, 468, 4481, 257, 767, 5066, 1906, 39322, 1906, 17, 1700, 13, 679, 2957, 262, 18075, 284, 257, 860, 1906, 15, 923, 287, 4793, 11, 290, 2520, 4744, 373, 10307, 1542, 400, 287, 262, 3277, 329, 326, 1285, 13, 1736, 4533, 1364, 262, 2292, 1708, 262, 1946, 1622, 13, 679, 318, 783, 257, 10636, 15177, 3437, 379, 2520, 4744, 13, 198, 198, 22442, 284, 13101, 379, 1294, 37, 11, 339, 4983, 355, 262, 1182, 3985, 1367, 7028, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 21525, 13, 1736, 4533, 635, 31764, 329, 3598, 7028, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 15528, 11, 810, 339, 1839, 734, 7458, 2873, 2260, 27459, 11, 287, 9768, 290, 9656, 13, 554, 6244, 11, 339, 1718, 21525, 284, 663, 717, 1683, 15244, 7756, 5585, 11, 290, 7366, 8785, 4916, 3985, 286, 262, 614, 25279, 13, 679, 550, 3598, 1542, 12, 5404, 7028, 379, 21525, 11, 635, 257, 1524, 1700, 13, 198, 198, 13847, 13101, 1700, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 1129, 5237, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 39, 2171, 17913, 23445, 9283, 1938, 198, 32117, 4244, 18071, 9283, 11070, 198, 14942, 4744, 18075, 9283, 11070, 198, 51, 13299, 45130, 9283, 11070, 198, 51, 13299, 45130, 9283, 1938, 198, 14881, 1894, 1938, 422, 40274, 198, 39, 2171, 17913, 23445, 9283, 11070, 198, 14881, 1894, 1938, 422, 15528, 11, 4744 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165843	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocharis%20morsus-ranae	Hydrocharis morsus-ranae	Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, frogbit, is a flowering plant belonging to the genus Hydrocharis in the family Hydrocharitaceae. In North America, it is referred to as common frogbit or European frog's-bit to distinguish it from the related American frogbit (Limnobium spongia). It is a small floating plant resembling a small water lily. It bears small, three-petalled white flowers. The floating leaves are kidney-shaped and grow in rosettes on the water surface, with the roots hanging down into the water column but not normally touching bottom. Frogbit is fast growing and spreads rapidly by stolons, surviving the winter as dormant turions which rest on the bottom, rising again to the surface in spring. Frogbit is native to Europe and parts of Asia, but it was introduced to Canada in the 1930s and has become invasive in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, particularly around the Great Lakes. It is considered a pest in this region as it colonises waterways and forms dense masses of vegetation on the surface, threatening native biodiversity, although in its native areas it is rarely dominant. References External links Invading Species.com Hydrocharitaceae Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus	[ 40436, 305, 10641, 271, 285, 669, 385, 12, 81, 2271, 68, 11, 21264, 2545, 11, 318, 257, 48573, 4618, 16686, 284, 262, 34306, 32116, 10641, 271, 287, 262, 1641, 32116, 10641, 270, 48319, 13, 554, 2258, 2253, 11, 340, 318, 6412, 284, 355, 2219, 21264, 2545, 393, 3427, 21264, 338, 12, 2545, 284, 15714, 340, 422, 262, 3519, 1605, 21264, 2545, 357, 19352, 34952, 1505, 599, 506, 544, 737, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 257, 1402, 12462, 4618, 29474, 257, 1402, 1660, 300, 813, 13, 632, 13062, 1402, 11, 1115, 12, 6449, 4262, 2330, 12734, 13, 383, 12462, 5667, 389, 21919, 12, 16760, 290, 1663, 287, 686, 2617, 4879, 319, 262, 1660, 4417, 11, 351, 262, 11135, 10938, 866, 656, 262, 1660, 5721, 475, 407, 7685, 15241, 4220, 13, 28328, 2545, 318, 3049, 3957, 290, 26779, 8902, 416, 336, 349, 684, 11, 16997, 262, 7374, 355, 41038, 7858, 507, 543, 1334, 319, 262, 4220, 11, 7396, 757, 284, 262, 4417, 287, 6076, 13, 198, 198, 37, 3828, 2545, 318, 6868, 284, 2031, 290, 3354, 286, 7229, 11, 475, 340, 373, 5495, 284, 3340, 287, 262, 15533, 82, 290, 468, 1716, 27376, 287, 10183, 3340, 290, 262, 38131, 1578, 1829, 11, 3573, 1088, 262, 3878, 24153, 13, 632, 318, 3177, 257, 28064, 287, 428, 3814, 355, 340, 7633, 2696, 47518, 290, 5107, 15715, 14568, 286, 28459, 319, 262, 4417, 11, 11123, 6868, 37589, 11, 3584, 287, 663, 6868, 3006, 340, 318, 8365, 11410, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 628, 10001, 4980, 28540, 13, 785, 198, 198, 40436, 305, 10641, 270, 48319, 198, 3646, 1187, 3417, 287, 1596, 4310, 198, 27017, 64, 3706, 416, 8124, 5164, 2616, 27650 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludmila%20Savelyeva	Ludmila Savelyeva	Ludmila Mikhailovna Savelyeva (; born January 24, 1942, in Leningrad) is a Soviet and Russian stage and film actress. She achieved lasting fame in the role of Natasha Rostova in the 1966–68 film War and Peace, which was six years in the making, and gained an Academy Award in the United States. She won a Diploma prize for the role at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival. Filmography References External links 1942 births 20th-century Russian actresses 21st-century Russian actresses Living people Academicians of the National Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Russia Honored Artists of the RSFSR People's Artists of the RSFSR Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Russian film actresses Russian stage actresses Soviet film actresses Soviet stage actresses	[ 43, 463, 76, 10102, 42040, 709, 2616, 12793, 306, 48855, 357, 26, 4642, 3269, 1987, 11, 22458, 11, 287, 406, 3101, 6335, 8, 318, 257, 7570, 290, 3394, 3800, 290, 2646, 14549, 13, 1375, 8793, 15727, 16117, 287, 262, 2597, 286, 41875, 48306, 10071, 287, 262, 19322, 1906, 3104, 2646, 1810, 290, 12689, 11, 543, 373, 2237, 812, 287, 262, 1642, 11, 290, 8618, 281, 8581, 11289, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 13, 1375, 1839, 257, 6031, 35728, 11596, 329, 262, 2597, 379, 262, 604, 400, 9070, 4037, 13741, 11117, 13, 198, 198, 39750, 4867, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 628, 220, 198, 198, 1129, 3682, 27244, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 3394, 49798, 198, 2481, 301, 12, 14792, 3394, 49798, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 12832, 36920, 5106, 286, 262, 2351, 8581, 286, 20843, 17741, 11536, 290, 13473, 286, 3284, 198, 29478, 1850, 37599, 286, 262, 19340, 10652, 49, 198, 8061, 338, 37599, 286, 262, 19340, 10652, 49, 198, 6690, 541, 2334, 286, 262, 8284, 286, 262, 2297, 27414, 286, 7179, 198, 16220, 2646, 49798, 198, 16220, 3800, 49798, 198, 40408, 2646, 49798, 198, 198, 40408, 3800, 49798 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Moscheni	Antonio Moscheni	Antonio Moscheni (Stezzano, 16 January 1854 – Kochi, 15 November 1905) was a Jesuit brother and painter, known best for his elaborate fresco decoration of the church of St. Aloysius College, Mangalore, India. Biography Moscheni was born in Stezzano, Province of Bergamo, Italy. His artistic talent was discovered early, and he was sent to study painting at the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo. He then went to Rome to study the masterpieces of the Vatican. Fresco painting now became his passion and several of his works can be found in churches of the Bergamo area. In 1889, at the age of 35, Moscheni renounced the prospect of a worldly career, and joined the Society of Jesus. After the usual two years of novitiate, his superiors noted his talent, and he was sent to decorate churches in Croatia, Albania as well as in his native country. In 1898, Moscheni was assigned to India, and sent to Mangalore with the specific mission of painting the Chapel of St. Aloysius College, recently founded by the Italian Jesuits. Saint Aloysius Chapel In an elaborate style recalling the baroque, Moscheni covered walls, ceilings and pillars with framed, vivid tableaux on the life of St Aloysius Gonzaga (the patron saint of the college), other Jesuit missionaries, saints and martyrs, the mysteries of the Christian faith (the Trinity, Christ and his Mother), glories of other religious orders, etc. It took him a little over two years to complete the work. Besides the chapel he painted also frescoes in the Jesuit refectory: scenes evocative of Ignatius of Loyola's early years and the foundation of the Society of Jesus. Less known but strikingly unusual, he depicted the Hindu goddess of Knowledge, Saraswati, on the college stage fittings. The coat of arms, painted above the stage, is embellished with Sanskrit phrase: Satyam eva Jayate. Other works The original intention of his religious superiors was to call Moscheni back to Europe after completing the St Aloysius College work, but his fame had spread in India and requests came that could not be ignored. The chapel of the Kankanady hospital, the Church of Most Holy Saviour, Agrar near Bantwal (25 km from Mangalore), the Mangalore seminary, the Holy Name cathedral of Bombay were next to benefit from his talent, but nowhere is the experience as total and wholesome as it is in St Aloysius chapel of Mangalore. The bishop of Cochin called him in 1905. Moscheni had hardly completed the work in the sanctuary of the Cochin cathedral when he fell sick: a case of acute dysentery that ultimately proved fatal. He died on 15 November 1905 in Cochin, Kerala, and was buried in the Jesuit cemetery there. Legacy The Saint Aloysius Chapel is a unique example of Italian art in India. It attracts thousands of visitors every year. The Indian postal department chose to depict one of the chapel's paintings by Antonio Moscheni in 2001 to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the College's foundation. Bibliography Coelho, J.: "Inspired Jesuit Painter and Artist", in Jesuit Profiles, Anand, 1991, pp. 289–297. Dizionario degli Artisti Italiani Viventi: pittori, scultori, e Architetti., by Angelo de Gubernatis. Tipe dei Successori Le Monnier, 1889, p. 393. Notes External links Saint Aloysius Chapel of Mangalore. 1854 births 1905 deaths 19th-century Italian Jesuits Catholic painters 19th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 20th-century Italian painters 19th-century Italian male artists Clergy from the Province of Bergamo Artists from the Province of Bergamo 20th-century Italian male artists	[ 13217, 261, 952, 5826, 6607, 72, 357, 7447, 3019, 5733, 11, 1467, 3269, 1248, 4051, 784, 17009, 72, 11, 1315, 3389, 37166, 8, 373, 257, 50190, 3956, 290, 34537, 11, 1900, 1266, 329, 465, 15962, 34093, 1073, 42050, 286, 262, 4928, 286, 520, 13, 978, 19417, 3754, 5535, 11, 27609, 40612, 11, 3794, 13, 198, 198, 23286, 4867, 198, 32668, 6607, 72, 373, 4642, 287, 2441, 3019, 5733, 11, 22783, 286, 24626, 18811, 11, 8031, 13, 2399, 17290, 7401, 373, 5071, 1903, 11, 290, 339, 373, 1908, 284, 2050, 12036, 379, 262, 6366, 324, 22859, 20765, 3301, 287, 24626, 18811, 13, 679, 788, 1816, 284, 10598, 284, 2050, 262, 4958, 34154, 286, 262, 19057, 13, 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17165886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santigold%20discography	Santigold discography	American musician Santi White, better known by her stage name Santigold (formerly Santogold), has released four studio albums, two mixtapes, one extended play (EP), and twenty-two singles (including eight as a featured artist). White's discography under the name Santogold consists of her eponymous debut album, six singles, one mixtape, and four music videos, all of which were released in 2008, except the single "Creator", which was released in late 2007. Santogold peaked at number 74 on the Billboard 200, and reached numbers 2 and 6 on Billboards Dance/Electronic Albums and Independent Albums, respectively. The album also charted in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. In 2009, White changed her stage name from Santogold to Santigold due to legal issues, and released a live EP via iTunes, which peaked at number 20 on Billboards Dance/Electronic Albums chart. The same year, Santigold collaborated with N.E.R.D and Julian Casablancas on the non-album single "My Drive Thru", made as part of an advertising campaign by Converse. She has also made guest appearances on numerous albums by other artists such as Jay-Z, N.A.S.A., and Drake, and has produced and written music for many other artists, including Christina Aguilera, Ashlee Simpson, GZA, Lily Allen, and Res. Her second studio album, Master of My Make-Believe (2012), topped the Dance/Electronic Albums chart and reached number 21 on the Billboard 200. In the following two years, she contributed to various soundtracks, including The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, The Heat, Girls and Paper Towns. Her third studio album, 99¢, was released in 2016, and her first officially released mixtape, I Don't Want: The Gold Fire Sessions, in 2018. This discography covers White's solo career, and therefore does not include her work with the band Stiffed on their 2005 album Burned Again and their 2003 extended play Sex Sells. Albums Studio albums Mixtapes Extended plays Singles As lead artist As featured artist Guest appearances Credits Music videos Notes References General Specific External links Discographies of American artists Rock music discographies Pop music discographies	[ 7437, 21623, 10844, 72, 2635, 11, 1365, 1900, 416, 607, 3800, 1438, 10844, 328, 727, 357, 36234, 10844, 519, 727, 828, 468, 2716, 1440, 8034, 16788, 11, 734, 285, 6346, 7916, 11, 530, 7083, 711, 357, 8905, 828, 290, 8208, 12, 11545, 25287, 357, 8201, 3624, 355, 257, 8096, 6802, 737, 2635, 338, 1221, 4867, 739, 262, 1438, 10844, 519, 727, 10874, 286, 607, 2462, 6704, 8886, 5062, 11, 2237, 25287, 11, 530, 285, 43938, 11, 290, 1440, 2647, 5861, 11, 477, 286, 543, 547, 2716, 287, 3648, 11, 2845, 262, 2060, 366, 16719, 273, 1600, 543, 373, 2716, 287, 2739, 4343, 13, 10844, 519, 727, 33948, 379, 1271, 8915, 319, 262, 36229, 939, 11, 290, 4251, 3146, 362, 290, 718, 319, 3941, 12821, 17349, 14, 19453, 4565, 23999, 82, 290, 13362, 23999, 82, 11, 8148, 13, 383, 5062, 635, 8262, 276, 287, 15664, 11, 4881, 11, 262, 12671, 11, 290, 262, 1578, 7526, 13, 198, 198, 818, 3717, 11, 2635, 3421, 607, 3800, 1438, 422, 10844, 519, 727, 284, 10844, 328, 727, 2233, 284, 2742, 2428, 11, 290, 2716, 257, 2107, 14724, 2884, 4830, 11, 543, 33948, 379, 1271, 1160, 319, 3941, 12821, 17349, 14, 19453, 4565, 23999, 82, 8262, 13, 383, 976, 614, 11, 10844, 328, 727, 38261, 351, 399, 13, 36, 13, 49, 13, 35, 290, 18322, 11294, 23117, 1192, 292, 319, 262, 1729, 12, 40916, 2060, 366, 3666, 9974, 536, 622, 1600, 925, 355, 636, 286, 281, 8560, 1923, 416, 1482, 4399, 13, 1375, 468, 635, 925, 8319, 11057, 319, 6409, 16788, 416, 584, 7912, 884, 355, 9180, 12, 57, 11, 399, 13, 32, 13, 50, 13, 32, 1539, 290, 18515, 11, 290, 468, 4635, 290, 3194, 2647, 329, 867, 584, 7912, 11, 1390, 33673, 33118, 5329, 64, 11, 7844, 7197, 20531, 11, 402, 34892, 11, 20037, 9659, 11, 290, 1874, 13, 198, 198, 9360, 1218, 8034, 5062, 11, 5599, 286, 2011, 6889, 12, 12193, 12311, 357, 6999, 828, 20633, 262, 17349, 14, 19453, 4565, 23999, 82, 8262, 290, 4251, 1271, 2310, 319, 262, 36229, 939, 13, 554, 262, 1708, 734, 812, 11, 673, 8639, 284, 2972, 2128, 46074, 11, 1390, 383, 32367, 5776, 25, 327, 19775, 3764, 11, 383, 12308, 11, 12002, 290, 14962, 40752, 13, 2332, 2368, 8034, 5062, 11, 7388, 44359, 11, 373, 2716, 287, 1584, 11, 290, 607, 717, 8720, 2716, 285, 43938, 11, 314, 2094, 470, 16168, 25, 383, 3561, 3764, 15184, 11, 287, 2864, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 1221, 4867, 8698, 2635, 338, 12199, 3451, 11, 290, 4361, 857, 407, 2291, 607, 670, 351, 262, 4097, 520, 733, 276, 319, 511, 5075, 5062, 8942, 276, 6521, 290, 511, 5816, 7083, 711, 14419, 311, 19187, 13, 198, 198, 2348, 4435, 82, 198, 198, 41501, 16788, 198, 198, 44, 6346, 7916, 198, 198, 11627, 1631, 5341, 198, 198, 29974, 829, 198, 198, 1722, 1085, 6802, 198, 198, 1722, 8096, 6802, 198, 198, 42481, 11057, 198, 198, 42855, 198, 198, 22648, 5861, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 12218, 628, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 32419, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 15642, 41480, 286, 1605, 7912, 198, 19665, 2647, 1221, 41480, 198, 16979, 2647, 1221, 41480 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165890	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%20of%20Tamrash	Republic of Tamrash	The Republic of Tamrash (), was a short-lived self-governing administrative structure of the Pomaks, living in the Tamrash region of the Rhodope Mountains. It existed from 1878 to 1886. Geography The territory spanned over the area locked in the upper valley of the Vacha River and most of its tributaries. The rebel territory initially consisted of 17 villages but its number increased up to 21 in 1880. Some of those villages were Trigrad, Mugla, Beden, Mihalkovo, Skobelevo, Churukovo and Devin. History The republic survived until 1886, when Eastern Rumelia was incorporated into Bulgaria. Then the area was returned to the Ottoman Empire. See also Provisional Government of Western Thrace References External links Ercan Çokbankir – FİLİBE TIMRAŞTAN KONYA TIMRAŞA Literature Former republics 1878 in Bulgaria 1886 in Bulgaria Pomaks Rhodope Mountains Smolyan Province States and territories established in 1878 States and territories disestablished in 1886	[ 464, 2066, 286, 11552, 81, 1077, 29994, 373, 257, 1790, 12, 24489, 2116, 12, 2188, 13974, 11553, 4645, 286, 262, 25505, 4730, 11, 2877, 287, 262, 11552, 81, 1077, 3814, 286, 262, 22509, 3008, 21124, 13, 632, 11196, 422, 1248, 3695, 284, 49539, 13, 198, 198, 10082, 4867, 220, 198, 198, 464, 7674, 599, 3577, 625, 262, 1989, 8970, 287, 262, 6727, 19272, 286, 262, 569, 34518, 5866, 290, 749, 286, 663, 256, 2455, 3166, 13, 383, 14034, 7674, 7317, 19954, 286, 1596, 15425, 475, 663, 1271, 3220, 510, 284, 2310, 287, 34865, 13, 2773, 286, 883, 15425, 547, 833, 3692, 324, 11, 25841, 5031, 11, 15585, 268, 11, 337, 4449, 971, 18768, 11, 3661, 5910, 2768, 78, 11, 609, 333, 2724, 18768, 290, 37081, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 198, 464, 17146, 11803, 1566, 49539, 11, 618, 8345, 25463, 25418, 373, 16560, 656, 27902, 13, 3244, 262, 1989, 373, 4504, 284, 262, 34158, 8065, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 43161, 282, 5070, 286, 4885, 16283, 558, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 5256, 5171, 6184, 229, 482, 17796, 343, 784, 376, 128, 108, 43, 128, 108, 12473, 31742, 3861, 129, 252, 51, 1565, 509, 40508, 32, 31742, 3861, 129, 252, 32, 198, 198, 43460, 1300, 220, 628, 220, 198, 198, 14282, 17146, 82, 198, 1507, 3695, 287, 27902, 198, 1507, 4521, 287, 27902, 198, 47, 296, 4730, 198, 49, 2065, 3008, 21124, 198, 7556, 3366, 272, 22783, 198, 42237, 290, 16771, 4920, 287, 1248, 3695, 198, 42237, 290, 16771, 595, 27718, 287, 49539 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udara%20dilecta	Udara dilecta	Udara dilecta, the pale hedge blue or Himalayan pale hedge blue, is a small butterfly found in India, Nepal, China, and Malaya that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1879. Taxonomy If adopting the common practice of many Lepidopterists to use the original gender of the species name, here the formation of the scientific name can instead be Udara dilectus (Moore, 1879). Cited references References Fleming, W. A., 1975 Butterflies of West Malaysia & Singapore External links With images. Udara Butterflies of Asia	[ 52, 67, 3301, 22825, 310, 64, 11, 262, 14005, 19859, 4171, 393, 42438, 22931, 14005, 19859, 4171, 11, 318, 257, 1402, 35113, 1043, 287, 3794, 11, 27026, 11, 2807, 11, 290, 4434, 11729, 326, 14448, 284, 262, 22404, 6888, 268, 2340, 393, 25570, 1641, 13, 383, 4693, 373, 717, 3417, 416, 18669, 291, 8877, 287, 1248, 3720, 13, 198, 198, 27017, 30565, 198, 1532, 22868, 262, 2219, 3357, 286, 867, 42957, 312, 32563, 1023, 284, 779, 262, 2656, 5279, 286, 262, 4693, 1438, 11, 994, 262, 9978, 286, 262, 5654, 1438, 460, 2427, 307, 35774, 3301, 22825, 310, 385, 357, 40049, 11, 1248, 3720, 737, 198, 198, 34, 863, 10288, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 47669, 2229, 11, 370, 13, 317, 1539, 15231, 18971, 27959, 286, 2688, 15336, 1222, 12551, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 2080, 4263, 13, 198, 198, 52, 67, 3301, 198, 1537, 353, 27959, 286, 7229 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165897	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303%20Birmingham%20City%20F.C.%20season	2002–03 Birmingham City F.C. season	The 2002–03 season was Birmingham City Football Club's 100th in the English football league system, their 51st in the top tier, and their debut season in the Premier League, having been promoted via the play-offs. Under the management of Steve Bruce, they finished in 13th position in the 20-team league. Birmingham entered the 2002–03 FA Cup at the third round and lost to Fulham in that round, and, having entered the League Cup in the second round, lost to Preston North End in the third. French manufacturers Le Coq Sportif supplied Birmingham's kit for the fifth consecutive season, and mobile phone retailer Phones4U retained the shirt sponsorship. Stern John was top scorer with nine goals in all competitions; if only league goals are considered, Clinton Morrison top-scored with six. Steve Vickers was club captain, but his long absences through injury meant that vice-captain Jeff Kenna usually captained the team. Pre-season Pre-season friendlies Premier League Season review Birmingham's first season in the Premiership was a rollercoaster of a ride that resulted in the team finishing in 13th, although they were favourites to be relegated at the start of the season. Once Birmingham had secured their states in the Premiership after beating Norwich City in the First Division playoff final the year before, manager Steve Bruce started to strengthen the squad. Internationals Robbie Savage of Wales, Kenny Cunningham and Clinton Morrison of Ireland, and Aliou Cissé of Senegal all joined the side. Stern John's penalty in the 1–1 draw with Everton on 28 August 2002 was Birmingham's first goal in the Premiership, and first in the top flight since Robert Hopkins scored against Newcastle United back in the 1985–86 season. The next match secured Birmingham their first three points in the league, as they beat Leeds United 2–1 thanks to goals from Paul Devlin and Damien Johnson. A highlight of the season was the 3–0 victory over local rivals Aston Villa. A first-half goal from Clinton Morrison saw Birmingham in control at half time, before a comedy of errors saw a throw-in by Olof Mellberg roll under the foot of Villa goalkeeper Peter Enckelman and into the net to gift the side a 2–0 lead. Geoff Horsfield added a third later in the game thanks to bad defending from defender Alpay. By the New Year, Birmingham were in 15th position in the table, seven points clear of 18th-placed Sunderland. This did not stop Bruce spending in the winter transfer window, as Stephen Clemence, Jamie Clapham and Matthew Upson all joined the club. These transfers fall into insignificance compared to the impact that French World Cup-winning forward Christophe Dugarry would make. A bad start to 2003 saw Birmingham fall to 16th in the table, only five points separating themselves and 18th-placed West Bromwich Albion. This was before Liverpool's visit to St Andrew's, when Birmingham took a two-goal lead through Clemence and Morrison before Michael Owen added a late consolation goal. This game was followed by the visit to Aston Villa. The game kicked into life when Villa striker Dion Dublin was sent off in the 51st minute for headbutting Savage. In the 74th minute, Australian Stan Lazaridis scored his first goal of the season, and three minutes later, a poor header back by Jlloyd Samuel allowed Horsfield to run onto the ball, beat Enckelman and score from close range. The game ended with another sending off, as Villa's Joey Guðjónsson lunged at Upson with a two-footed tackle. Birmingham were not yet assured of safety by the time they played Sunderland on 12 April, but Bryan Hughes and Christophe Dugarry scored to give Birmingham a 2–0 win. Dugarry went on to score four goals in Birmingham's next three games, including a stunning effort against Middlesbrough where he beat the offside trap before calmly taking the ball out of the air with his knee and volleying it into the net. The last game of the season saw the side entertain West Ham United, who were in real danger of relegation. Birmingham managed a 2–2 draw thanks to goals from Horsfield and John, but it was enough to send the Hammers down. Match details Final league table Results summary FA Cup Birmingham failed to get past the third round of the FA Cup, losing to Premiership side Fulham. League Cup Birmingham reached the third round of the League Cup before losing to Preston North End of the First Division. Transfers In Brackets round club names indicate the player's contract with that club had expired before he joined Birmingham. Out Brackets round a club denote the player joined that club after his Birmingham City contract expired. Loan in Loan out Appearances and goals Numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute. Players with squad numbers struck through and marked left the club during the playing season. Players with names in italics and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with Birmingham. References General Source for match dates, league positions and results: Source for lineups, appearances, goalscorers and attendances: Matthews (2010), Complete Record, pp. 440–41. 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17165903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Pigot%20%28Royal%20Navy%20officer%2C%20born%201722%29	Hugh Pigot (Royal Navy officer, born 1722)	Admiral of the White Hugh Pigot (28 May 1722 – 15 December 1792), of Wychwood Forest in Oxfordshire, was a Royal Navy officer. He commanded at the reduction of Louisbourg in June 1758 and commanded Royal William at the capture of Quebec in September 1759 during the Seven Years' War. He went on to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the Leeward Islands Station during the American Revolutionary War and then became First Naval Lord. He also served as a Member of Parliament. Naval career Early career Hugh Pigot was the third son of Richard Pigot of Westminster, by his wife Frances, daughter of Peter Goode, a Huguenot who had come to England in the late seventeenth century. His elder brothers were George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, who twice served as Governor of Madras, and Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Pigot, who commanded the left flank of the British forces at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Pigot entered the navy in around 1735, serving for four years as a captain's servant and able seaman aboard the under Captain Alexander Geddes on the home station, and then under Captain Savage Mostyn. He then served for another two years as a midshipman aboard the Seaford, , and . On 5 November 1741 he passed his examination, and on 9 February 1741/42 (OS) was promoted to lieutenant, and on 2 August was appointed to the under Captain Thomas Grenville, in the Mediterranean. In March 1744 he followed Grenville into on the home station, and on 2 November 1745 was promoted to commander of the fireship . On 22 April 1746 he was appointed as post-captain into the , apparently for rank only, and in April 1747 was appointed to command of the in the West Indies. In 1755, he was appointed captain of the 60-gun , one of the ships put into commission in anticipation of the war with France. In June 1758 he commanded York at the reduction of Louisbourg, and in September 1759 he commanded the 84-gun Royal William in the fleet of Sir Charles Saunders at the capture of Quebec. He was employed in Royal William for the remainder of the war in the Channel; and in May 1760, chased the Diadem, a French third rate of seventy-four guns, bound for Martinique with stores and specie for the payment of the soldiery, into the Groyne. He saw no further service at sea following the conclusion of the war in 1763, but in 1769 was appointed colonel of the second (or Portsmouth) division of Marines; shortly before he had been chosen as representative in parliament for the borough of Penryn, a government-dominated borough which frequently chose distinguished naval officers as its MPs. (Pigot succeeded Vice-Admiral Sir George Rodney.) Pigot was a close friend of the Prime Minister, the Duke of Grafton, and this connection was cemented when Grafton married Elizabeth Wrottesley, sister of Pigot's second wife, Frances. Pigot represented Penryn until 1774, but did not contest the general election that year. In January 1771 he was appointed to command of the , one of the ships commissioned during the dispute with Spain over the Falkland Islands. When the crisis was peaceably settled his ship was put out of commission, and Pigot held no subsequent commission as a captain. Flag rank He was promoted to rear-admiral on 31 March 1775 and to vice-admiral on 5 February 1776. In 1778, following the death of his brother, Lord George Pigot, he was elected to fill his seat in Bridgnorth. By this time he was a consistent opponent of Lord North's government (he was a gaming crony of the Whig leader Charles James Fox), and seems to have been denied commands for political reasons. When Sheridan attacked the government in the Commons in February 1782 for driving the most distinguished naval commanders out of the service, it was Pigot who rose in answer to the invitation to give instances of the First Lord of the Admiralty's conduct towards officers who were his political opponents. With the fall of the government the following month, on 30 March 1782 Pigot was appointed to the Board of Admiralty in the Second Rockingham ministry, and on 24 April 1782 was promoted to full admiral and appointed to supersede Sir George Rodney as commander-in-chief in the Leeward Islands Station. Pigot hoisted his flag on board the 50-gun , and sailed from Plymouth on 18 May, only a day before the arrival of the frigate bringing the news of the defeat of the French fleet under Comte de Grasse at the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April. Although Rodney was neither in favour with the new ministry, nor a particularly popular commander, it was considered politic to allow him to remain in command and a message was sent after Pigot to recall him. However, it failed to arrive before he had assumed command at Jamaica on 13 July. His appointment was allowed to proceed, and Rodney received an apology and was made a Baron. Pigot, having hoisted his flag on board the 98-gun , then sailed, as was customary at that time, to America during the hurricane months. Pigot had little experience as a captain, with none as an admiral. His second-in-command, Samuel Hood, seems to have regarded him with mixed feelings of pity and contempt, and considered that the government had acted unwisely "in placing an officer at the head of so great a fleet who was unequal to the very important command, for want of practice". In any event Pigot's term of command was uneventful, and following the signing of the peace treaty in September 1783, he returned to England. Pigot served as First Naval Lord from January 1783 to December 1783 and then retired from the Navy on 30 December 1783, and was defeated at Bridgnorth at the general election of 1784. Pigot lived in the Ranger's Lodge at Wychwood Forest in Oxfordshire exploiting the forest by demanding a firewood allowance from the keepers. Pigot died at Bristol on 15 December 1792. Personal life Pigot was twice married, firstly c.1749, to Elizabeth le Neve, by whom he had a son, General Sir Henry Pigot (1750–1840) and a daughter, and secondly c.1768 to Frances, the daughter of the Very Reverend Sir Richard Wrottesley, 7th Baronet, by whom he had a second son, Captain Hugh Pigot, RN, (1769–1797), and two daughters. He inherited a one-third share of the Pigot Diamond from his older brother, which remained in the family until sold in a lottery in 1801. 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17165907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofieldia%20pusilla	Tofieldia pusilla	Tofieldia pusilla is a species of flowering plant in the family Tofieldiaceae. It is also sometimes classified in the lily family, Liliaceae. Its common name is Scottish asphodel in Europe, and Scotch false asphodel in North America. The plant is native to northern North America and parts of Eurasia, its circumpolar distribution extending across Canada and the northern United States to Greenland, Iceland and northern Europe. References External links Tofieldiaceae Plants described in 1803	[ 51, 1659, 1164, 544, 4192, 5049, 318, 257, 4693, 286, 48573, 4618, 287, 262, 1641, 309, 1659, 1164, 72, 48319, 13, 632, 318, 635, 3360, 10090, 287, 262, 300, 813, 1641, 11, 406, 2403, 48319, 13, 6363, 2219, 1438, 318, 11905, 355, 746, 375, 417, 287, 2031, 11, 290, 46755, 3991, 355, 746, 375, 417, 287, 2258, 2253, 13, 383, 4618, 318, 6868, 284, 7840, 2258, 2253, 290, 3354, 286, 35769, 544, 11, 663, 2498, 931, 6192, 6082, 16610, 1973, 3340, 290, 262, 7840, 1578, 1829, 284, 30155, 11, 17333, 290, 7840, 2031, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 51, 1659, 1164, 72, 48319, 198, 3646, 1187, 3417, 287, 1248, 3070 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165933	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angst%20%28Lacrimosa%20album%29	Angst (Lacrimosa album)	Angst (German for Anguish, Fear) is the debut album by German dark wave band Lacrimosa. It was released in 1991. History All music and lyrics for all songs were written by Tilo Wolff. The album was recorded from 1990 to 1991 at the Sodom & Gomorra studio in Binningen, Switzerland. Tilo Wolff founded his own independent label Hall of Sermon for album release. Over the first six months only 1000 copies were sold. The first two songs from the album - “Seele in Not” and “Requiem” - were originally released in 1990 on the Clamor demo MC, the first release of Tilo Wolff. "Clamor" was released only in 100 copies and never re-released until in 2010 these demo versions were included on the Schattenspiel album which was dedicated to the twentieth anniversary of Lacrimosa. The idea of cover was proposed by Tilo Wolff, source photo was made by Judith Grüning, Stelio Diamantopoulos made the cover artwork and later he became a constant author of Lacrimosa'''s covers. Releases The original edition was released as vinyl LP and consisted of six songs. CD version was released in 1993 and was reprinted many times. Russian edition was released in 2002 as a digipack consists of Angst and Einsamkeit. Mexican limited edition was also released in 2002 including second CD with four more songs: "Versiegelt glanzumströmt", "Versuchung", "Darkness" and "Copycat". Regular editions in Mexico and Argentina contained song "Diener eines Geistes (Dirus - Mix)" as a bonus track, and Korean edition included "Promised Land" track. Track listing Personnel The album was recorded by Tilo Wolff (vocals, music, lyrics, producing) with participating of Judith Grüning (female vocals in Der Ketzer'') and Philippe Alioth (mastering). References External links Album lyrics at Darklyrics.com muzikablog.com // Lacrimosa – Angst, Review Lacrimosa (band) albums 1991 debut albums	[ 13450, 301, 357, 16010, 329, 2895, 32091, 11, 16132, 8, 318, 262, 8886, 5062, 416, 2679, 3223, 6769, 4097, 23115, 3036, 8546, 13, 632, 373, 2716, 287, 10249, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 3237, 2647, 290, 15844, 329, 477, 7259, 547, 3194, 416, 309, 18526, 27094, 487, 13, 383, 5062, 373, 6264, 422, 6303, 284, 10249, 379, 262, 43829, 296, 1222, 402, 296, 273, 430, 8034, 287, 20828, 768, 268, 11, 14679, 13, 309, 18526, 27094, 487, 9393, 465, 898, 4795, 6167, 4789, 286, 2930, 2144, 329, 5062, 2650, 13, 3827, 262, 717, 2237, 1933, 691, 8576, 9088, 547, 2702, 13, 383, 717, 734, 7259, 422, 262, 5062, 532, 564, 250, 6214, 293, 287, 1892, 447, 251, 290, 564, 250, 16844, 26597, 447, 251, 532, 547, 6198, 2716, 287, 6303, 319, 262, 1012, 321, 273, 13605, 13122, 11, 262, 717, 2650, 286, 309, 18526, 27094, 487, 13, 198, 198, 1, 34, 2543, 273, 1, 373, 2716, 691, 287, 1802, 9088, 290, 1239, 302, 12, 30147, 1566, 287, 3050, 777, 13605, 6300, 547, 3017, 319, 262, 3059, 1078, 641, 79, 8207, 5062, 543, 373, 7256, 284, 262, 29112, 11162, 286, 23115, 3036, 8546, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2126, 286, 3002, 373, 5150, 416, 309, 18526, 27094, 487, 11, 2723, 4590, 373, 925, 416, 39987, 1902, 9116, 768, 11, 520, 417, 952, 360, 1789, 415, 20338, 925, 262, 3002, 16257, 290, 1568, 339, 2627, 257, 6937, 1772, 286, 23115, 3036, 8546, 7061, 6, 82, 8698, 13, 198, 198, 3041, 29329, 198, 464, 2656, 8313, 373, 2716, 355, 23275, 18470, 290, 19954, 286, 2237, 7259, 13, 6458, 2196, 373, 2716, 287, 9656, 290, 373, 44362, 867, 1661, 13, 3394, 8313, 373, 2716, 287, 6244, 355, 257, 3100, 541, 441, 10874, 286, 2895, 301, 290, 412, 1040, 321, 365, 270, 13, 10816, 3614, 8313, 373, 635, 2716, 287, 6244, 1390, 1218, 6458, 351, 1440, 517, 7259, 25, 366, 34947, 15702, 2120, 1278, 35410, 388, 2536, 9101, 16762, 1600, 366, 34947, 794, 2150, 1600, 366, 17367, 1108, 1, 290, 366, 29881, 9246, 1911, 23603, 23713, 287, 5828, 290, 16519, 7763, 3496, 366, 18683, 877, 304, 1127, 2269, 396, 274, 357, 35, 19397, 532, 15561, 16725, 355, 257, 7202, 2610, 11, 290, 6983, 8313, 3017, 366, 24129, 1417, 6379, 1, 2610, 13, 198, 198, 24802, 13487, 198, 198, 15439, 4954, 198, 464, 5062, 373, 6264, 416, 309, 18526, 27094, 487, 357, 18893, 874, 11, 2647, 11, 15844, 11, 9194, 8, 351, 11983, 286, 39987, 1902, 9116, 768, 357, 24724, 25355, 287, 9626, 43092, 9107, 7061, 8, 290, 39393, 12104, 849, 357, 9866, 278, 737, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 23999, 15844, 379, 3801, 306, 10466, 13, 785, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 285, 10277, 1134, 397, 6404, 13, 785, 3373, 23115, 3036, 8546, 784, 2895, 301, 11, 6602, 198, 198, 43, 330, 3036, 8546, 357, 3903, 8, 16788, 198, 24529, 8886, 16788 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165941	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedum%20album	Sedum album	Sedum album, the white stonecrop, is a flowering plant of the genus Sedum in the family Crassulaceae. It is found in the northern temperate regions of the world, often growing in crevices or free-draining rocky soil. As a long-day plant it grows vegetatively for most of the year and flowers in summer. Taxonomy Three subspecies album, micranthum (Bastard ex DC.) Syme and teretifolium Syme have been described. In 2015, a new subspecies rupimelitense was described in Malta. Description White stonecrop is a tufted perennial herb that forms mat-like stands. Much of the year the stems are short, semi prostrate and densely clad in leaves. At the flowering time in July and August, the stems lengthen and are erect, occasionally branched and often pinkish-brown. The leaves are alternate, fleshy and nearly cylindrical with a blunt, rounded tip. They are also sometimes tinged with pink, especially in drought-stressed plants. The starry flowers form a dense cyme. The calyx has five fleshy sepals fused at the base, the corolla consists of five regular white petals, there are ten stamens, a separate gynoecium and five pistils. The fruit is five united, many-seeded follicles. Habitat White stonecrop is a low-growing plant that cannot compete with more vigorous fast-growing species. It is specially adapted for growing on thin dry soils and can be found on walls, dry banks, seashore rocks and in rocky meadows. Physiology Sedum album is able to acclimate to its environment. It can switch between C3 carbon fixation and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) depending on the availability of water. CAM saves water as the stomata on its leaves only open to allow to diffuse into the leaves at night when the temperature (and therefore evapotranspiration) is lower. Drought stressed plants are also more susceptible to photoinhibition which CAM may help to protect against. Cultivation Hardy in Zones 3-9. References album Flora of Lebanon Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Flora of Malta Crassulaceae	[ 50, 276, 388, 5062, 11, 262, 2330, 7815, 31476, 11, 318, 257, 48573, 4618, 286, 262, 34306, 22710, 388, 287, 262, 1641, 3864, 562, 377, 48319, 13, 632, 318, 1043, 287, 262, 7840, 4124, 378, 7652, 286, 262, 995, 11, 1690, 3957, 287, 1126, 85, 1063, 393, 1479, 12, 7109, 1397, 26898, 9260, 13, 1081, 257, 890, 12, 820, 4618, 340, 13676, 7494, 9404, 329, 749, 286, 262, 614, 290, 12734, 287, 3931, 13, 198, 198, 27017, 30565, 220, 198, 12510, 850, 35448, 5062, 11, 12314, 2596, 400, 388, 357, 33, 459, 446, 409, 6257, 2014, 1632, 1326, 290, 256, 31229, 361, 349, 1505, 1632, 1326, 423, 587, 3417, 13, 198, 554, 1853, 11, 257, 649, 850, 35448, 374, 929, 320, 417, 270, 1072, 373, 3417, 287, 35206, 13, 198, 198, 11828, 198, 12256, 7815, 31476, 318, 257, 12777, 701, 276, 39983, 21047, 326, 5107, 2603, 12, 2339, 6296, 13, 13111, 286, 262, 614, 262, 21552, 389, 1790, 11, 10663, 386, 23104, 290, 42255, 38186, 287, 5667, 13, 1629, 262, 48573, 640, 287, 2901, 290, 2932, 11, 262, 21552, 40038, 8524, 290, 389, 16417, 11, 10491, 865, 1192, 704, 290, 1690, 11398, 680, 12, 33282, 13, 383, 5667, 389, 13527, 11, 11222, 88, 290, 3016, 17327, 521, 8143, 351, 257, 19861, 11, 19273, 8171, 13, 1119, 389, 635, 3360, 256, 24431, 351, 11398, 11, 2592, 287, 18393, 12, 301, 2790, 6134, 13, 383, 3491, 563, 12734, 1296, 257, 15715, 3075, 1326, 13, 383, 2386, 28391, 468, 1936, 11222, 88, 41767, 874, 43954, 379, 262, 2779, 11, 262, 1162, 33011, 10874, 286, 1936, 3218, 2330, 4273, 874, 11, 612, 389, 3478, 336, 321, 641, 11, 257, 4553, 308, 2047, 78, 721, 1505, 290, 1936, 11714, 4487, 13, 383, 8234, 318, 1936, 16503, 11, 867, 12, 325, 15395, 22752, 2983, 13, 198, 198, 39, 29968, 265, 198, 12256, 7815, 31476, 318, 257, 1877, 12, 25167, 4618, 326, 2314, 9320, 351, 517, 31543, 3049, 12, 25167, 4693, 13, 632, 318, 20905, 16573, 329, 3957, 319, 7888, 5894, 38750, 290, 460, 307, 1043, 319, 7714, 11, 5894, 6341, 11, 384, 1077, 382, 12586, 290, 287, 26898, 502, 9797, 13, 198, 198, 43215, 12371, 198, 50, 276, 388, 5062, 318, 1498, 284, 697, 75, 1920, 284, 663, 2858, 13, 632, 460, 5078, 1022, 327, 18, 6588, 48785, 290, 1067, 562, 377, 558, 272, 7408, 20211, 357, 34, 2390, 8, 6906, 319, 262, 11500, 286, 1660, 13, 32421, 16031, 1660, 355, 262, 336, 296, 1045, 319, 663, 5667, 691, 1280, 284, 1249, 220, 284, 42864, 656, 262, 5667, 379, 1755, 618, 262, 5951, 357, 392, 4361, 819, 499, 313, 26084, 10514, 8, 318, 2793, 13, 198, 35, 2909, 15033, 6134, 389, 635, 517, 22084, 284, 4590, 259, 24108, 543, 32421, 743, 1037, 284, 1805, 1028, 13, 198, 198, 34, 586, 26939, 198, 17309, 88, 287, 1168, 1952, 513, 12, 24, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 40916, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 16849, 198, 3646, 1187, 3417, 287, 1596, 4310, 198, 27017, 64, 3706, 416, 8124, 5164, 2616, 27650, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 35206, 198, 13916, 562, 377, 48319 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165970	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Minister%20and%20deputy%20First%20Minister%20of%20Northern%20Ireland	First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland	The First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland are the joint heads of government of Northern Ireland, leading the Northern Ireland Executive and with overall responsibility for the running of the Executive Office. Despite the titles of the two offices, the two positions have the same governmental power, resulting in a duumvirate; the deputy First Minister, customarily spelled with a lowercase d, is not subordinate to the First Minister. Created under the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, both were initially nominated and appointed by members of the Northern Ireland Assembly on a joint ticket by a cross-community vote, under consociational principles. That process was changed following the 2006 St Andrews Agreement, such that the First Minister now is nominated by the largest party overall, and the deputy First Minister is nominated by the largest party from the next largest community block (understood to mean "Unionist", "Nationalist", or "Other"). On 17 June 2021, despite a letter from the Democratic Unionist Party chairman and other senior party members, DUP leader Edwin Poots nominated Paul Givan as First Minister and Sinn Féin re-nominated Michelle O'Neill as deputy First Minister. On 4 February 2022, Givan resigned as First Minister, which led to O'Neill automatically ceasing to hold office as deputy First Minister. The offices have since remained vacant. Responsibilities The First Minister and deputy First Minister share equal responsibilities within government, and their decisions are made jointly. The First Minister is, though, the first to greet official visitors to Northern Ireland and shares the same title as their counterparts in Scotland and Wales. Specifically, they are tasked with co-chairing meetings of the Northern Ireland Executive, "dealing with and co-ordinating" the work of the Executive, and the response of the administration to external relationships. The First Minister and deputy First Minister agree the agenda of Executive meetings and can jointly determine "significant or controversial matters" to be considered by the Executive. The ministers' policy responsibilities include: economic policy equality before the law European Union issues human rights the machinery of government (including the Ministerial Code) public appointments policy standards in public life Two junior ministers assist the First Minister and deputy First Minister in carrying out the work of Executive Office. They are jointly accountable to the First Minister and deputy First Minister. The incumbent junior ministers are Gary Middleton (Democratic Unionist Party) and Declan Kearney (Sinn Féin). Election As originally established under the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the First Minister was elected by the Assembly on a joint ticket with the deputy First Minister through a cross-community vote. It was created to enable the leaders of the main unionist and nationalist parties to work together, with guaranteed joint representation of both main communities. For the purposes of a cross-community vote, MLAs were designated as unionist, nationalist, or other. The nominees for First Minister and deputy First Minister required the support of: a majority of the MLAs voting in the election overall; a majority of the designated unionist MLAs voting; and a majority of the designated nationalist MLAs voting. This procedure was used on 2 December 1999 to elect David Trimble (Ulster Unionist Party, UUP) and Seamus Mallon (Social Democratic and Labour Party, SDLP). Following several suspensions of the Northern Ireland Executive, Trimble was not re-elected on 2 November 2001 due to opposition from other unionist parties. He was subsequently re-elected alongside Mark Durkan (SDLP) on 6 November 2001; on that occasion, three Alliance Party of Northern Ireland MLAs redesignated from 'other' to 'unionist' to support Trimble's nomination. Following the St Andrews Agreement in October 2006, the appointment procedure was changed to allow for: a First Minister nominated by the largest party of the largest designation; a deputy First Minister nominated by the largest party of the second largest designation. This procedure, which removed the need for a joint ticket between the unionist Democratic Unionist Party and the nationalist Sinn Féin party, was used to appoint Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness on 8 May 2007. It was again used to appoint Peter Robinson (DUP) alongside McGuinness on 5 June 2008 and again on 12 May 2011, and to appoint Arlene Foster (DUP) alongside McGuinness on 11 January 2016, also to appoint Foster alongside Michelle O'Neill on 11 January 2020, as well as to appoint Paul Givan alongside O'Neill on 17 June 2021. The new rules from 2006 also state that, if the largest party of the largest designation happens not to also be the largest party in the assembly overall, then the appointment procedure would be as follows: a First Minister nominated by the largest party overall; a deputy First Minister nominated by the largest party of the largest designation. As of 2020, this latter method has never yet been used. The Minister of Justice is now the only Northern Ireland Executive minister elected by cross-community vote. All other ministers are party appointees, with parties taking turns using the D'Hondt method. Vacancy The First Minister or deputy First Minister may also appoint another Northern Ireland Executive Minister to exercise the functions of the office during a vacancy; currently for a continuous period up to six weeks. Vacancies have occurred on four occasions to date: First Minister Reg Empey for David Trimble (1 July 2001 – 6 November 2001) Arlene Foster for Peter Robinson (11 January 2010 – 3 February 2010) Arlene Foster for Peter Robinson (10 September 2015 – 20 October 2015) Deputy First Minister John O'Dowd for Martin McGuinness (20 September 2011 – 31 October 2011) Terminology Titles in Irish and Ulster Scots In the Irish language, the literal translation of these positions is "Céad-Aire agus an leas Chéad-Aire". The titles appear in both English and Irish in published literature by the North-South Ministerial Council, one of the "mutually inter-dependent" institutions laid out in the Good Friday Agreement, along with the Northern Ireland Assembly. Various ways of translating the titles "First Minister and deputy First Minister" into the Ulster Scots dialects have been attested in official communications, including , , and . Capitalisation of "deputy" The second position has been written as "Deputy" or "deputy" First Minister, due to differing preferences by civil servants (and potentially ministers), although the capitalisation of the title has no constitutional consequences in practice. The first two holders of the office, Seamus Mallon and Mark Durkan, were both referred to during their periods of office as "Deputy First Minister", with a capital 'D'. In the Good Friday Agreement, also known as the Belfast Agreement, which established the executive in Northern Ireland, the two positions are spelt "First Minister and Deputy First Minister" (with a capital 'D'). This was also adopted in 1999 for the logo of the OFMDFM. Several weeks after Martin McGuinness took up office as Deputy First Minister in 2007, civil servants in his department began asking the Assembly's Hansard team to replace the capital 'D' with a lower-case 'd', pointing out that the title was spelled this way in the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the legislation which established the office. Some believe that the case was changed to highlight the fact that the position holds the same power as the position of First Minister, but a spokesman for McGuinness said that neither McGuinness nor his advisers had asked for the change. Speaker William Hay ordered the change and the capital 'D' was no longer used in Hansard references. Officials edited the department's archive of press releases to make that change (despite its use by Mallon and Durkan when in office) but the capital 'D' still appears in some places, and a spokesman confirmed on 20 March 2008 that the office had "no plans" to change the OFMDFM logo. However, the Assembly committee that scrutinises their work is now listed as the "Committee for the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister". Ultimately it was decided that McGuinness should be the deputy First Minister, unless all the other letters in the title are in capitals. Confusion isn't completely resolved however; if McGuinness wrote to the Assembly committee that scrutinised his work, his note would have a letterhead that comes from the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, but he would get a reply back from the Committee for the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister. In official language, the positions are sometimes abbreviated to FM/dFM. Alternative titles for the deputy First Minister Sinn Féin started using the phrases "Joint First Minister" and "Co-First Minister" in 2009 to describe the deputy First Minister to highlight the fact that the First Minister and deputy First Minister operated in tandem. Martin McGuinness used the term Joint First Minister himself when he arrived for a meeting of the North/South Ministerial Council in February 2009; the DUP denounced the term as "republican speak" and it is not used in legislation. Jim Allister, the leader of the Traditional Unionist Voice, long called Robinson and McGuinness "the joint first ministers", to highlight the joint nature of the office and to demonstrate his opposition to the power-sharing arrangements. With the restoration of power-sharing in 2020, Sinn Féin started describing the position as "joint head of government". History Following a referendum on the Belfast Agreement on 23 May 1998 and subsequent the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the Northern Ireland Assembly was established in 1998 with a view to assuming devolved powers from the Westminster Parliament. On 1 July 1998, David Trimble (UUP) and Seamus Mallon (SDLP) were nominated and elected First Minister and Deputy First Minister designates respectively. Eventually, on 2 December 1999, power was devolved and Trimble and Mallon formally took office as joint heads of the Northern Ireland Executive. On 6 November 2001, Mark Durkan (SDLP) became Deputy First Minister after Seamus Mallon's retirement. The Executive and the two positions were suspended between 15 October 2002 and 8 May 2007 following a breakdown in trust between the parties. On 8 May 2007, Ian Paisley (DUP) and Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) were appointed First Minister and Deputy First Minister respectively in line with the agreement between their two parties on 26 March 2007. Paisley stated his intention to resign on 4 March 2008. His deputy as DUP leader, Peter Robinson was ratified as Democratic Unionist Party leader designate on 17 April 2008 and became First Minister on 5 June 2008. Arlene Foster succeeded Peter Robinson as DUP leader on 18 December 2015, and as First Minister on 11 January 2016. After more than 20 DUP MLAs and four DUP MPs signed a letter "... voicing no confidence in her leadership", Foster resigned as party leader on 28 May 2021, and as First Minister in June 2021. Her successor as the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, Edwin Poots, said he would not become the First Minister. Instead, DUP MLA Paul Givan was nominated for First Minister by Poots. Despite concerns by Sinn Féin that an Irish Language Act would not pass, following talks with the British government they agreed to renominate Michelle O'Neill for deputy First Minister. However, 24 of the DUP's 28 MLAs voted against Givan, leading to Poots' resignation as party leader. Separately, between 12 February 2000 and 30 May 2000, and 15 October 2002 and 8 May 2007, however, devolution was suspended, and along with it the offices of First Minister and deputy First Minister. The Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister became the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. There were also two 24-hour periods of suspension on 11 August 2001 and 22 September 2001. to allow timetables for negotiation to restart. Devolution was suspended from 10 January 2017 to 10 January 2020. First Ministers and deputy First Ministers Parties Direct Rule First Ministers During the periods of suspension, the Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland assumed the responsibilities of the First Minister and deputy First Minister. Timeline See also Executive Office Junior Minister (Northern Ireland) List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies List of government ministers in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Executive References External links Executive Office Northern Ireland Executive 1998 establishments in the United Kingdom Collective heads of state	[ 464, 3274, 4139, 290, 10636, 3274, 4139, 286, 8342, 7517, 389, 262, 6466, 6665, 286, 1230, 286, 8342, 7517, 11, 3756, 262, 8342, 7517, 10390, 290, 351, 4045, 5798, 329, 262, 2491, 286, 262, 10390, 4452, 13, 7945, 262, 8714, 286, 262, 734, 9730, 11, 262, 734, 6116, 423, 262, 976, 21850, 1176, 11, 7186, 287, 257, 7043, 388, 37040, 378, 26, 262, 10636, 3274, 4139, 11, 2183, 3093, 32213, 351, 257, 2793, 7442, 288, 11, 318, 407, 34618, 284, 262, 3274, 4139, 13, 15622, 739, 262, 2846, 286, 262, 7795, 4599, 3217, 12729, 11, 1111, 547, 7317, 19332, 290, 9899, 416, 1866, 286, 262, 8342, 7517, 10006, 319, 257, 6466, 7846, 416, 257, 3272, 12, 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17165979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxifraga%20granulata	Saxifraga granulata	Saxifraga granulata, commonly called meadow saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to Europe and Morocco. Taxonomy Saxifraga granulata was first formally described by Linnaeus as part of his original description of Saxifraga in Species Plantarum in 1753. S. granulata is the type species of the genus Saxifraga. References granulata Flora of Scotland Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus	[ 41152, 361, 81, 8126, 19468, 377, 1045, 11, 8811, 1444, 502, 4584, 46909, 361, 8394, 11, 318, 257, 4693, 286, 48573, 4618, 287, 262, 1641, 29242, 361, 22562, 48319, 13, 632, 318, 6868, 284, 2031, 290, 29638, 13, 198, 198, 27017, 30565, 198, 41152, 361, 81, 8126, 19468, 377, 1045, 373, 717, 15832, 3417, 416, 5164, 2616, 27650, 355, 636, 286, 465, 2656, 6764, 286, 29242, 361, 81, 8126, 287, 28540, 16561, 283, 388, 287, 1596, 4310, 13, 311, 13, 19468, 377, 1045, 318, 262, 2099, 4693, 286, 262, 34306, 29242, 361, 81, 8126, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 46324, 377, 1045, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 8838, 198, 3646, 1187, 3417, 287, 1596, 4310, 198, 27017, 64, 3706, 416, 8124, 5164, 2616, 27650 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Monardo	Anna Monardo	Anna Monardo is an American novelist of the Italian-American experience. Originally from Pittsburgh, she graduated from Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana and received her M.F.A. from Columbia University in 1983. She is a professor of the Writer's Workshop at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Books The Courtyard of Dreams (Doubleday, 1993) Falling In Love with Natassia (Doubleday, 2006) References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20110707144158/http://www.annamonardo.com/index2.htm 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American women writers 21st-century American novelists 21st-century American women writers American women novelists American writers of Italian descent Columbia University School of the Arts alumni Eastern Washington University faculty Hunter College faculty Living people Marymount Manhattan College faculty New York University faculty Saint Mary's College (Indiana) alumni University of Nebraska Omaha faculty 1956 births Novelists from Washington (state) Novelists from New York (state) Novelists from Vermont American women academics	[ 31160, 2892, 13109, 318, 281, 1605, 37986, 286, 262, 8200, 12, 7437, 1998, 13, 220, 19486, 422, 12767, 11, 673, 18303, 422, 9281, 5335, 338, 5535, 11, 23382, 20377, 11, 10278, 290, 2722, 607, 337, 13, 37, 13, 32, 13, 422, 9309, 2059, 287, 13540, 13, 1375, 318, 257, 6240, 286, 262, 26606, 338, 26701, 379, 262, 2059, 286, 18329, 379, 37053, 13, 198, 198, 30650, 628, 383, 2734, 30308, 286, 21527, 357, 40287, 9342, 323, 11, 9656, 8, 198, 42914, 554, 5896, 351, 14393, 562, 544, 357, 40287, 9342, 323, 11, 220, 4793, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 3740, 1378, 12384, 13, 17474, 13, 2398, 14, 12384, 14, 1264, 940, 24038, 18444, 21273, 14, 4023, 1378, 2503, 13, 1236, 16487, 13109, 13, 785, 14, 9630, 17, 13, 19211, 198, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 1605, 5337, 1023, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 1605, 1466, 8786, 198, 2481, 301, 12, 14792, 1605, 5337, 1023, 198, 2481, 301, 12, 14792, 1605, 1466, 8786, 198, 7437, 1466, 5337, 1023, 198, 7437, 8786, 286, 8200, 18598, 198, 36063, 544, 2059, 3961, 286, 262, 11536, 31333, 198, 46109, 2669, 2059, 12829, 198, 38803, 5535, 12829, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 24119, 14948, 13458, 5535, 12829, 198, 3791, 1971, 2059, 12829, 198, 48615, 5335, 338, 5535, 357, 49153, 8, 31333, 198, 21009, 286, 18329, 37053, 12829, 198, 1129, 3980, 27244, 198, 2949, 626, 1023, 422, 2669, 357, 5219, 8, 198, 2949, 626, 1023, 422, 968, 1971, 357, 5219, 8, 198, 2949, 626, 1023, 422, 16033, 198, 7437, 1466, 22321 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17165998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chania%20Plain	Chania Plain	The Chania Plain is a relatively level landform spreading southward from the city of Chania on the island of Crete in the present day country of Greece. The Chania Plain has been used as a logical study area for air pollution transport in the vicinity of Chania. In ancient times the city of Kydonia, the site of present-day Chania, controlled an expansive area which included the Chania Plain lying to its south at least to Malaxa Mountain. See also Kastelli Hill Polichne Malaxa Line notes References George Karvounis et al. (2007) On the Sensitivity of AERMOD to Surface Parameters under Various Anemological Conditions C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008 Plains of Greece Landforms of Crete Landforms of Chania (regional unit)	[ 464, 609, 5411, 28847, 318, 257, 5365, 1241, 1956, 687, 14342, 5366, 904, 422, 262, 1748, 286, 609, 5411, 319, 262, 7022, 286, 5844, 660, 287, 262, 1944, 1110, 1499, 286, 10315, 13, 383, 609, 5411, 28847, 468, 587, 973, 355, 257, 12219, 2050, 1989, 329, 1633, 12231, 4839, 287, 262, 25980, 286, 609, 5411, 13, 220, 554, 6156, 1661, 262, 1748, 286, 509, 5173, 11339, 11, 262, 2524, 286, 1944, 12, 820, 609, 5411, 11, 6856, 281, 31316, 1989, 543, 3017, 262, 609, 5411, 28847, 9105, 284, 663, 5366, 379, 1551, 284, 4434, 897, 64, 9638, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 509, 459, 23225, 3327, 198, 2165, 488, 710, 198, 4434, 897, 64, 198, 198, 13949, 4710, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 4502, 9375, 85, 977, 271, 2123, 435, 13, 357, 12726, 8, 1550, 262, 14173, 11365, 286, 317, 1137, 33365, 284, 20321, 40117, 739, 26386, 1052, 368, 2770, 27617, 198, 327, 13, 3899, 25316, 11, 327, 5173, 11339, 11, 383, 12495, 47789, 3699, 11, 2365, 13, 2242, 11, 3648, 198, 198, 3646, 1299, 286, 10315, 198, 22342, 23914, 286, 5844, 660, 198, 22342, 23914, 286, 609, 5411, 357, 2301, 1538, 4326, 8 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox%20game	Sandbox game	A sandbox game is a video game with a gameplay element that provides players a great degree of creativity to interact with, usually without any predetermined goal, or alternatively with a goal that the players set for themselves. Such games may lack any objective, and are sometimes referred to as non-games or software toys. More often, sandbox games result from these creative elements being incorporated into other genres and allowing for emergent gameplay. Sandbox games are often associated with an open world concept which gives the players freedom of movement and progression in the game's world. The term "sandbox" derives from the nature of a sandbox that lets children create nearly anything they want within it. Early sandbox games came out of space trading and combat games like Elite (1984) and city-building simulations and tycoon games like SimCity (1989). The releases of The Sims and Grand Theft Auto III in 2000 and 2001, respectively, demonstrated that games with highly detailed interacting systems that encouraged player experimentation could also be seen as sandbox games. Sandbox games also found ground with the ability to interact socially and share user-generated content across the Internet like Second Life (2003). More notable sandbox games include Garry's Mod (2006) and Dreams (2020), where players use the game's systems to create environments and modes to play with. Minecraft (2009) is one of the most successful examples of a sandbox game, with players able to enjoy both creative modes and more goal-driven survival modes. Roblox (2006) offers a chance for everyone to create their own game by using Roblox Lua programming language. It allows adding effects, setting up functions, testing games, etc. Fortnite (2017) has gamemodes which allow players to either fight one another, fight off monsters or create their own battle arenas. Terminology From a video game development standpoint, a sandbox game is one that incorporates elements of sandbox design, a range of game systems that encourage free play. Sandbox design can either describe a game or a game mode, with an emphasis on free-form gameplay, relaxed rules, and minimal goals. Sandbox design can also describe a type of game development, where a designer slowly adds features to a minimal game experience, experimenting with each element one at a time. There are "a lot of varieties" of sandbox design, based on "a wide range of dynamic interactive elements". Thus, the term is used often, without a strict definition. Game designers sometimes define a sandbox as what it is not, where a game can "subtract the missions, the main campaign, the narrative or whatever formatively binds the game's progression, and you have a sandbox." In game design, a sandbox is a metaphor for playing in a literal sandbox. Game historian Steve Breslin describes "the metaphor [as] a child playing in a sandbox ... produc[ing] a world from sand", compared to games with more fully formed content. This metaphor between the virtual and literal sandbox is noted by architectural scholar Alexandra Lange, with a sandbox describing any bounded environment that offers freedom to explore and construct. This can distinguish it from conventional ideas of a game, where the metaphorical sandbox is a "play space in which people can try on different roles and imaginary quests ... rather than a 'game' to play." In describing video games, sandbox design is often associated with the open world gameplay mechanic and vice versa, but these are two disparate concepts. Open worlds are those where the player's movement in the virtual world is typically not limited by the game allowing the player to roam freely through it. Adventure on the Atari 2600 is considered an open world game as the player can explore the entire game world save for through locked gates from the start, but it is not considered to have sandbox design as the player's actions are generally restricted. Similarly, games like Microsoft Flight Simulator are also open world since the player can take their plane anywhere in the game's virtual world, but as there is no creative aspects to the game, would not be considered a sandbox. Gameplay Sandbox design can incorporate several different game mechanics and structures, including open worlds, nonlinear storytelling, emergent behaviors, and automation of believable agents. It represents a shift away from linear gameplay. This freedom is always a question of degree, as a sandbox design "engenders a sense of player control, without actually handing over the reins entirely". Player creativity is often included in sandbox design. When a player is allowed to use a game as a sandbox, they gain the freedom to be creative with their gameplay. A sandbox will have a combination of game mechanics and player freedom that can lead to emergent gameplay, where a player discovers solutions to challenges that may not be intended by the developers. A sandbox sometimes gives the player "transformative" power over the game world, where "the free movement of play alters the more rigid structure in which it takes shape." Will Wright describes this generative aspect of sandbox designs, leading to a measurable increase in player possibilities. John Smedley describes this type of emergent gameplay more succinctly, having seen in EverQuest "how hungry people are for sandboxes -- for building stuff". GameDeveloper.com notes the growth of player-generated content as a "particular brand of sandbox design: that game design is so fun in itself that, if properly packaged, it can well be reinterpreted as gameplay itself". Some games offer a separate sandbox mode, where the player can use a game's creative systems with fewer constraints. "This mode has few restrictions on what he may do and offers no guidance on what he should do." For example, a sandbox mode might unlock unlimited resources, or disable enemy threats. A sandbox mode is separate from the campaign mode, without a main narrative progression. In one sense, an approach to this design is to "enable the player to continue after the main storyline has been 'won'." Many games tutorials utilize this type of design, since "sandboxes are game play much like the real game, but where things cannot go too wrong too quickly or, perhaps, even at all. Good games offer players, either as tutorials or as their first level or two, sandboxes." The game designers allows players to experiment in a safe environment, as "the point about open ended/sandbox design and when they work best in teaching the player is through learning by doing". Cohesive narratives in sandbox design can be difficult since the player can progress through the game in a non-linear manner. Some sandbox designs empower players to create their own stories, which is described as sandbox storytelling. Sandbox stories can either replace or enhance a main plot. Some games give players "pure agency by giving them tools and a sandbox", sacrificing the story in favor of player creativity. Where the game systems are reactive enough, this "does not remove the narrative, but rather transforms predetermined narrative into dynamic, responsive narrative". According to Ernest Adams, "in sandbox storytelling, the idea is to give the player a big open world populated with opportunities for interesting interactions ... in any order". Sandbox stories can also be told through shorter quests, conversations, collectibles, and encounters, all of which reward players for engaging with the world. This side-content becomes an "extremely common and an excellent format for sandbox gameplay: one central campaign (itself perhaps multi-threaded), plus a large number of side-missions". In general, sandbox storytelling occurs when the player can move through the story independently of their movement through the game space. Designers also refer to sandbox worlds and sandbox game spaces, which create the feeling of a large open world. The concept of an open world is much older than the term sandbox. Overall, "a sandbox design usually means that the game space is not divided into discrete units", which emphasizes continuity and exploration. This can sometimes overwhelm the player, which is why successful game designers draw on "urban design principles that can be used to build successful sandbox spaces". As a best practice "when creating these sandbox worlds, [designers] should divide them up into distinct areas to aid the player's navigation and orientation." Overall, a sandbox world should "provide the player with a large open set of spaces in which to play, and give him or her things to do". "The more a game's design tends towards a sandbox style, the less a player will feel obliged to follow the main quest." Game designers often need to create more dynamic game systems to support sandbox-style gameplay. Physics systems are part of the sandbox experience of several games. The popularity of voxels has also shown another system that can create "colorful sandboxes to dismantle and reconstruct." There is also the value of more robust artificial intelligence. GameDeveloper.com notes how "a sandbox means that the whole game becomes more of a simulation where AI plays an important role." This means that "believable and self-motivated characters have become key to sandbox play, because they produce a rich space for interactivity and greatly help establish the open-world aesthetic." Game designer John Krajewski observes for "a game that features sandbox-style play, the AI needs to provide enough different and interesting characters to interact with in the world, and the size of the world doesn't have to get very big before it becomes unfeasible to hard code them all." An open-ended sandbox experience is sometimes contrasted with goal-oriented gameplay. Sandbox design usually minimizes the importance of goals. Rather than 'winning' a game, a sandbox design allows player to 'complete' a game by exploring and actualizing all of its options. This lack of victory condition may define sandbox as not a game at all. "For many, a game needs rules and a goal to be a game, which excludes sandbox/simulators." In sandbox mode, "the game resembles a tool more than a conventional video game". Criticism Sandbox design has been criticized for providing a lack of satisfying goals for players. According to Ernest Adams, "plunking the player down in a sandbox and saying, 'have fun' isn't good enough. Especially at the beginning of a game, the player should have a clear sense of what to do next and, in particular, why." Christopher Totten observes that "sandbox elements can be mistakenly taken as fair replacements of narrative content; indeed, many games have missed their potential because they imagined that free-play would compensate for a lack of narrative. But even for our idealized child, playing around in a physical sandbox gets old pretty quick." Critics point to repetitive in-game tasks, arguing that an "overabundance of mundane events can get in the way of enjoying the sandbox." GameDeveloper.com notes that the quality of sandbox gameplay varies because "the great risk of the sandbox is that it can be boring." This is because "sand by itself is not much fun. Automated, complex, and perhaps most of all, directed responsiveness is essential to sandbox play, and the more complex and responsive the world, the more interesting the sandbox." History Multi-user dungeons (MUDs) are early examples of the principles of sandbox games; users of MUDs would generally be able to gain the ability to create their own content within the MUD's framework, creating opportunities to collaborate with other users. However, MUDs never gained commercial release; while they inspired the first massively multiplayer online (MMO) games like EVE Online, the creation aspects of MUDs did not carry into commercial games. Prior to 2000, the bulk of what were considered sandbox games in commercial software came from two genres: Space trading and combat games: Elite (1984) is considered one of the first sandbox games: the player as a space pilot traveled across a randomly-generated galaxy, engaging in combat with enemies (one of the first games to use simulated 3D combat through wireframe graphics) and trading resources at various planets to improve their ship towards the best class possible, but otherwise the player has freedom towards completing this goal. Elite led to a number of similar trading and combat games, including The Seven Cities of Gold (1984), Sid Meier's Pirates! (1987), Star Control (1990), and Freelancer (2003). City-building and tycoon games: Early city-building games like Utopia (1981) were more focused on arranging city features for achieving high scores, but with SimCity (1989), Will Wright wanted to give players more freedom to create a city and see how it operates while challenging the player to manage the growth of the city against its finances. SimCity success led to a number of similar city-building and other tycoon games including Railroad Tycoon (1995), SimIsle (1995), and Capitalism (1995). Two games at the turn of the 21st century redefine the notion of what a sandbox game is. The Sims (2000) is a life simulation game where the player interactions with simulated humans in a house as they go about their daily lives. Life simulation games were not a new genre, but prior games such as Little Computer People (1985) had very limited artificial intelligence beyond the simulated humans, limiting the amount of interactions that a player had with the simulation and making such games more curiosities. With The Sims, the simulated humans were given more detailed and believable behavior based on studies in artificial life, which led to players experimenting more with the simulated humans and exploring the simulations. In terms of defining the sandbox, The Sims was considered a freeform game, but added sets of minimal goals through the game to guide the player and encourage progression. The Sims became a best-selling title in the United States in 2000 and a long-running franchise for Electronic Arts. Further life simulation games would follow, such as Spore (2008). Grand Theft Auto III (2001) is an action-adventure game in which the player takes the role of a small-time crook in a large city, completing various missions for bosses over the course of the game. This was the first game in the open world Grand Theft Auto series to be set in a three-dimension world, prior games having been played from a top-down perspective, and the first game to include a detailed physics engine for the various interaction of objects in the world. The combination of the game's open world and physics system gave players the opportunity to explore how they could cause havoc within the game, making the game a virtual sandbox with players to toy with. In this manner, Grand Theft Auto III added the idea of emergent gameplay as a feature of sandbox games. Grand Theft Auto III succeeded The Sims as the best-selling game in the United States in 2001; In addition to its highly-successful sequels, Grand Theft Auto III led to a genre of derivative Grand Theft Auto clones focused on criminal activities such as the Saints Row series, as well as a broad range of open world, action-adventure games such as the Assassin's Creed and Far Cry series. This action game broadened expectations of a sandbox, a concept that was previously reserved for experiences like SimCity. These two games would become a major influence on many different games and genres to come. In 2007, game designer Warren Spector noted the influence of Will Wright on numerous designers, but was surprised that there weren't more who "mimic Wright's games or his sandbox-style, saying titles in the Grand Theft Auto look-alike genre are about the closest most developers have come to doing so." This influence led to a trend, and by 2010 critics were noting that "almost every blockbuster game now contains a considerable 'sandbox' element." This trend was linked to the rise of dynamic storytelling in sandbox worlds, as well as AI that is dynamic enough to supplement scripted content. Another major shift in sandbox games came with the release of Minecraft, which was first introduced in 2009 in beta form and its first full release in 2011. At its core, Minecraft is a voxel-based survival game, where players collect resources to build tools that help them to collect better resources, and to construct shelters to protect them from hostile creatures. However, there are no limits on how players can build these structures, and using the vast array of resources available in the game, players can build nearly anything they could imagine; the game has been compared to digital Lego bricks. Players' use of Minecraft in this way led to the developers to add a dedicated "Creative Mode" that stripped the survival elements from the game so that players could build without any hazards or other artificial limits. Minecraft became a massive success, having sold more than 180 million copies by May 2019 and being the best selling personal computer game of all time. With time, sandbox design had become a mainstay in survival games, as well as a popular subset of shooters, and RPGs. Long-time series such as Metal Gear had made the "shift to an open-world sandbox design," where the game dynamically "adds more missions as the story progresses and players complete the available side-ops". Other long-running series such as Hitman were celebrated for their sandbox design. The series became influential, creating a new template of games "that echo the same emphasis on sandbox design, open-ended mission structure, and sneaking". In 2020, PC Gamer noted Mount & Blade as "a triumph of sandbox design". They observe that "because of its sandbox nature, Mount & Blades quests are procedurally generated around a number of set templates," which leads to a game where "the simulation is the story". One pure sandbox game, aimed to offer no goals but allow players to create works to be shared with others, is Second Life (2003), a large massively multiplayer online game set in a virtual world where users could create various sections of the world as their own. The game was purposely developed as a community-driven world, so while the developers established some of the fundamentals of the in-game economies, much of how the workings and economics of the rest of Second Lifes world was set by the players, which created several issues around pricing, gambling, and taxes, among other aspects. The game ultimately drew use by business as well, seeking to create space within it. More recent sandbox games have been aimed at provided interactive works that can be shared with others. Garry's Mod allows players to tinker with the Source engine from Valve to make animations and games while games like LittleBigPlanet and Dreams (2019) from Media Molecule give users assets and primitive programming elements to craft games that can be shared with others. Use in education Some sandbox games have gained favorable use in education settings for inspiring studies to use creativity and critical thinking skills. Part of Microsoft's rationale for acquiring Mojang, the developers of Minecraft, for in 2014 was for its potential application in Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, according to CEO Satya Nadella on its acquisition in 2014, as the game already helps to pique children's curiosity. Microsoft subsequently enhanced the MinecraftEDU version of the game into its Minecraft: Education Edition that gives teachers and students numerous pre-made resources to work from, and the ability for teachers to monitor and assist students in their work, but otherwise allowing students to create and learn following several lesson plans developed by Microsoft. References Video game genres Video game gameplay Emergent gameplay Video game terminology	[ 32, 35204, 983, 318, 257, 2008, 983, 351, 257, 11327, 5002, 326, 3769, 1938, 257, 1049, 4922, 286, 16389, 284, 9427, 351, 11, 3221, 1231, 597, 45574, 3061, 11, 393, 46596, 351, 257, 3061, 326, 262, 1938, 900, 329, 2405, 13, 8013, 1830, 743, 3092, 597, 9432, 11, 290, 389, 3360, 6412, 284, 355, 1729, 12, 19966, 393, 3788, 14958, 13, 3125, 1690, 11, 35204, 1830, 1255, 422, 777, 7325, 4847, 852, 16560, 656, 584, 27962, 290, 5086, 329, 3165, 6783, 11327, 13, 3837, 3524, 1830, 389, 1690, 3917, 351, 281, 1280, 995, 3721, 543, 3607, 262, 1938, 4925, 286, 3356, 290, 17085, 287, 262, 983, 338, 995, 13, 383, 3381, 366, 38142, 3524, 1, 37453, 422, 262, 3450, 286, 257, 35204, 326, 8781, 1751, 2251, 3016, 1997, 484, 765, 1626, 340, 13, 198, 198, 20457, 35204, 1830, 1625, 503, 286, 2272, 7313, 290, 5249, 1830, 588, 16158, 357, 28296, 8, 290, 1748, 12, 16894, 27785, 290, 1259, 20912, 1830, 588, 3184, 14941, 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17166036	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selinum%20carvifolia	Selinum carvifolia	Selinum carvifolia is a flowering plant of the genus Selinum in the family Apiaceae. The specific name carvifolia signifies 'having leaves resembling those of Caraway'. It is a plant of fens and damp meadows, growing in most of Europe, with the exception of much of the Mediterranean region, eastwards to Central Asia. Its common name in English is Cambridge milk parsley, because it is confined, in the UK, to the county of Cambridgeshire and closely resembles milk parsley (Peucedanum palustre), an umbellifer of another genus, but found in similar habitats. The two plants are not only similar in appearance, but also grow in similar moist habitats, although they may be told apart in the following manner: P. palustre has hollow, often purplish stems, pinnatifid leaf lobes and deflexed bracteoles; while S. carvifolia has solid, greenish stems, entire or sometimes lobed leaf-lobes and erecto-patent bracteoles. Also, when the two plants are in fruit, another difference becomes apparent: the three dorsal ridges on the fruit of S. carvifolia are winged, while those on the fruit of P. palustre are not. Yet a further difference lies in the respective leaflets of the plants : those of Peucedanum palustre are blunt and pale at the tip, while those of Selinum carvifolia are sharply pointed and of a darker green. S. carvifolia used also to occur in the English counties of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire but is now extinct in both. Growing in only three small Cambridgeshire fens, it is one of England's rarest umbellifers. It is naturalized in the United States, where it is known by the common name little-leaf angelica. Taxonomy The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Seseli carvifolia. In 1762, he transferred it to the genus Selinum as Selinum carvifolia. Linnaeus capitalized the epithet, implying it was meant as a noun in apposition rather than an adjective. Distribution and habitat Selinum carvifolia is native to Europe and eastwards to West Siberia and Kazakhstan. In the UK, this lowland, perennial herb occurs in fens, damp meadows and rough-grazed marshy pasture on calcareous peaty soils or fen peat overlying chalk. It does not, however, grow on the wettest ground in fens, preferring slightly better-drained fringe areas and low banks. In continental Europe, by contrast, it has been recorded in a much wider range of habitats, including oakwoods in Poland, and, curiouser still, hot dry limestone in Bosnia and Croatia. Chemistry Selinum carvifolia has been found to contain a guaiene, certain trimethylbenzaldehydes (see also pages aldehyde and benzaldehyde) and minor amounts of other derivatives of the terpenoid (sesquiterpene-coumarin) ferulol. The main constituents of the closely related species S. broteri of Brittany (regarded by some botanists as a subspecies of S. carvifolia) are ferulyl senecioate, isoferulyl senecioate and ferulyl acetoxysenecioate. Trimethylbenzaldehydes occur not only in plants belonging to the Apiaceae, but also in certain members of the Iridaceae: 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde occurs in a variety of herbs and spices including Culantro (the leaves of the apiaceous Eryngium foetidum) and in Saffron (derived from the iridaceous Crocus sativus). The compound ferulol was first isolated from (and thus named for) the apiaceous genus Ferula in the year 2006 - the species in question being the Palestinian F. sinaica. Edibility/toxicity As its common name in English suggests, Selinum carvifolia has a somewhat parsley-like scent if crushed, although unlike Caraway (from which its specific name derives) it is not a highly aromatic Umbellifer. Records of its having been used as a food, seasoning or medicinal plant are hard to come by, but neither is it listed as a poisonous plant. 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17166085	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA-PME	CEA-PME	European Entrepreneurs CEA-PME (Confédération Européenne des Associations de Petites et Moyennes Entreprises) is the largest European confederation of voluntarily associated small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is a Brussels-based business federation which currently counts 25 European associations among its members, with more than 2.1 million enterprises, employing over 20 million people. It maintains relationships with 15 partner associations in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.The Confederation's president is Maurizio Casasco, President of the Italian SME association CONFAPI, and the Co-President Mr. Markus Jerger, Executive Director of the Gerrman SME association BVMW. European Entrepreneurs CEA-PME was founded in 1992 and was registered in Belgium in 2004. It represents the interests of its members towards the institutions of the European Union and offers its members services in the field of public relations. The confederation regularly publishes positions on the most important European policies that have an impact on SMEs. It leads and has led a number of EU-funded projects to support SMEs across Europe like the first iteration of MobiliseSME, thought of as "an Erasmus for SMEs", DigitaliseSME, which helped entrepreneurs work with digital experts to digitalise their companies and the ongoing DataSkills4SMEs, which helps SMEs acquire data skills in different fields, like digital marketing and cybersecurity. External links Website MobiliseSME (first iteration) DigitaliseSME DataSkills4SMEs Organizations related to the European Union Business organizations based in Europe Organizations related to small and medium-sized enterprises	[ 22030, 42071, 1834, 327, 16412, 12, 5868, 36, 357, 18546, 2634, 67, 2634, 1358, 1898, 79, 2634, 29727, 748, 3928, 602, 390, 4767, 2737, 2123, 28523, 42573, 7232, 260, 18166, 8, 318, 262, 4387, 3427, 1013, 9748, 286, 22295, 3917, 1402, 290, 7090, 12, 13982, 23941, 357, 50, 11682, 82, 737, 632, 318, 257, 16445, 12, 3106, 1597, 36986, 543, 3058, 9853, 1679, 3427, 15814, 1871, 663, 1866, 11, 351, 517, 621, 362, 13, 16, 1510, 23941, 11, 26490, 625, 1160, 1510, 661, 13, 632, 16047, 6958, 351, 1315, 5212, 15814, 287, 2031, 11, 262, 25733, 11, 5478, 11, 7229, 11, 4505, 290, 968, 8936, 13, 464, 47186, 338, 1893, 318, 18867, 528, 952, 11294, 292, 1073, 11, 1992, 286, 262, 8200, 9447, 36, 8112, 7102, 37, 17614, 11, 290, 262, 1766, 12, 10364, 1770, 13, 46013, 4230, 1362, 11, 10390, 5890, 286, 262, 45140, 805, 9447, 36, 8112, 347, 53, 14326, 13, 198, 198, 22030, 42071, 1834, 327, 16412, 12, 5868, 36, 373, 9393, 287, 9768, 290, 373, 6823, 287, 15664, 287, 5472, 13, 632, 6870, 262, 5353, 286, 663, 1866, 3371, 262, 6712, 286, 262, 3427, 4479, 290, 4394, 663, 1866, 2594, 287, 262, 2214, 286, 1171, 2316, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1013, 9748, 7987, 34134, 6116, 319, 262, 749, 1593, 3427, 4788, 326, 423, 281, 2928, 319, 9447, 23041, 13, 632, 5983, 290, 468, 2957, 257, 1271, 286, 4576, 12, 18246, 4493, 284, 1104, 9447, 23041, 1973, 2031, 588, 262, 717, 24415, 286, 45951, 786, 50, 11682, 11, 1807, 286, 355, 366, 272, 5256, 8597, 385, 329, 9447, 23041, 1600, 10231, 786, 50, 11682, 11, 543, 4193, 17038, 670, 351, 4875, 6154, 284, 4875, 786, 511, 2706, 290, 262, 7044, 6060, 15739, 2171, 19, 50, 11682, 82, 11, 543, 5419, 9447, 23041, 12831, 1366, 4678, 287, 1180, 7032, 11, 588, 4875, 7124, 290, 31335, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 33420, 198, 47100, 786, 50, 11682, 357, 11085, 24415, 8, 220, 198, 27640, 786, 50, 11682, 198, 6601, 15739, 2171, 19, 50, 11682, 82, 198, 198, 26121, 4582, 3519, 284, 262, 3427, 4479, 198, 24749, 5745, 1912, 287, 2031, 198, 26121, 4582, 3519, 284, 1402, 290, 7090, 12, 13982, 23941 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166106	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa%20Challenger	Medusa Challenger	Medusa Challenger (1977) is a dramatic short film that was Joe Mantegna’s first film. The film has been honored with numerous film festival awards and critical accolades. The film is in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the American Film Institute Collection in Washington, D.C., and the Chicago Film Archives. The film is one of the few American films widely seen (legally) in the People’s Republic of China. Plot Medusa Challenger is the story of two flower sellers, Uncle Jack (Jack Wallace) and his nephew Joey (Joe Mantegna), who sell flowers on the busy Lake Shore Drive bridge in downtown Chicago. When the huge cement carrier Medusa Challenger causes the drawbridge to be raised and traffic to be stopped, Jack and Joey become separated. Jack is chatting with Al the bridge tender in the tower where the bridge controls are located while Joey is watching "the stuff," the fresh flowers they hope to sell, on the other side of the bridge. Jack worries about Joey since Joey is mentally challenged. Jack is determined to get across the river so he commandeers a rowboat and rows across the Chicago River just as the big boat steams straight towards him. However, Joey rises to the occasion and sells all the flowers to the cars stopped by the bridge raising. Jack learns a new appreciation of Joey’s abilities and potential. Background/production Medusa Challenger was shot in the summer of 1976, before the Lake Shore Drive "S" curve was straightened. The film was released in theaters in 1977, premiering at Chicago’s Biograph Theater. Medusa Challenger was produced by Phillip Koch and written and directed by Steven Elkins. The Medusa Challenger is an actual vessel that became notorious in Chicago during the 1960s and 1970s because the city's drawbridges often got stuck when they were raised to let her pass, causing delays similar to the setting for this film. She was renamed in 1998 and 2005 as a result of corporate acquisitions. Now known as the St. Marys Challenger, she underwent conversion from a powered steamship to a barge beginning in 2013. Propelled by a dedicated tugboat, she visits the Chicago area some 30 times a year without incident. The drawbridge over Lake Shore Drive at the Chicago River is one of the largest double bascule bridges in America. Critical reception "A gem. A….masterpiece of economic cinematic storytelling…that in its flawless economy recalls classic shorts such as Roman Polanski’s Two Men and A Wardrobe. Generates considerable suspense because Wallace and Mantegna are such good actors."—Kevin Thomas, Los Angeles Times "Every once in a while a film comes along which is a pure joy to watch. The film is a gem, a ray of sunshine that brightens the day. Medusa Challenger is such a film. Anyone who sees this film will come away richer for it."—Barbara Flynn, Film News "Engaging and quietly touching…The movie has the clarity of narrative and bittersweet view of human nature of an O. Henry story."—Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times "Beautifully acted and produced…a moving and loving short film. They have seen that area…with an eye for beauty that could only come from affectionate natives."—Richard Christiansen, Chicago Daily News "Excellent. Mantegna’s performance is a masterpiece. A hauntingly beautiful musical score. A cinematic folk poem."—David Jones, Chicago Reader Awards and recognition 1977: Recipient of Arts Grant, Illinois Arts Council 1978: Blue Ribbon, American Film Festival 1978: Gold Plaque, Chicago International Film Festival 1978: Gold Medal, Virgin Islands Film Festival 1978: Special Jury Award, Virgin Islands Film Festival 1978: Special Jury Award, San Francisco International Film Festival 1978: Selected Film for Young Adults, American Library Association 1978: screening, Melbourne International Film Festival 1980: Emmy Award, Chicago Chapter, National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences 1980: Permanent Collection, Museum of Modern Art, New York 1986: USA Independent Showcase, American Film Institute 2008: added to American Film Institute Collection External links New York Times article References 1977 films American drama films Films set in Chicago Films shot in Chicago 1970s English-language films 1970s American films	[ 9921, 22064, 39221, 357, 37781, 8, 318, 257, 10092, 1790, 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17166124	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthilia	Orthilia	Orthilia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It has only one species, Orthilia secunda. Its common names are sidebells wintergreen, one-sided-wintergreen and serrated-wintergreen. It is also called one-sided pyrola, one-sided shinleaf, and one-sided wintergreen. It was previously part of genus Pyrola, the wintergreens. The plant has a circumboreal distribution, growing throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. The American wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, belongs to a different genus. Mixotrophy Orthilia secunda is a mixotroph. It obtains about one half of its carbon from mycorrhizal networks. Mycorrhizal fungi obtain carbon through the roots of nearby trees. Orthilia then obtains the carbon from the fungi through its roots. No counterflow of nutrients has been observed. Conservation status within the United States It is listed as endangered and extirpated in Maryland, extirpated in Indiana, presumed extirpated in Ohio, as threatened in Iowa and Rhode Island. It is a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut. Ethnobotany The Southern Carrier of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada use a strong decoction of the root as an eyewash. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery Pyroloideae Monotypic Ericaceae genera Flora of Europe Flora of Northern America Flora of temperate Asia Plants used in traditional Native American medicine	[ 5574, 400, 17517, 318, 257, 34306, 286, 48573, 6134, 287, 262, 1641, 7651, 48319, 13, 632, 468, 691, 530, 4693, 11, 47664, 17517, 792, 46535, 13, 6363, 2219, 3891, 389, 1735, 7923, 82, 7374, 14809, 11, 530, 12, 22339, 12, 40078, 14809, 290, 1055, 4111, 12, 40078, 14809, 13, 632, 318, 635, 1444, 530, 12, 22339, 12972, 3225, 64, 11, 530, 12, 22339, 40465, 33201, 11, 290, 530, 12, 22339, 7374, 14809, 13, 220, 632, 373, 4271, 636, 286, 34306, 9485, 3225, 64, 11, 262, 7374, 70, 5681, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4618, 468, 257, 2498, 2178, 39396, 6082, 11, 3957, 3690, 881, 286, 262, 8342, 42811, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1605, 7374, 14809, 11, 43540, 490, 544, 13834, 2178, 641, 11, 14448, 284, 257, 1180, 34306, 13, 198, 198, 35608, 313, 305, 6883, 198, 5574, 400, 17517, 792, 46535, 318, 257, 5022, 313, 10051, 13, 220, 632, 909, 12143, 546, 530, 2063, 286, 663, 6588, 422, 616, 10215, 17179, 528, 282, 7686, 13, 220, 2011, 10215, 17179, 528, 282, 38467, 7330, 6588, 832, 262, 11135, 286, 6716, 7150, 13, 220, 47664, 17517, 788, 909, 12143, 262, 6588, 422, 262, 38467, 832, 663, 11135, 13, 220, 1400, 3753, 11125, 286, 20901, 468, 587, 6515, 13, 198, 198, 9444, 13208, 3722, 1626, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 1026, 318, 5610, 355, 22700, 290, 1070, 343, 79, 515, 287, 10769, 11, 1070, 343, 79, 515, 287, 10278, 11, 25751, 1070, 343, 79, 515, 287, 6835, 11, 355, 8556, 287, 9406, 290, 24545, 5451, 13, 632, 318, 257, 2041, 2328, 290, 4762, 1070, 343, 79, 515, 287, 14493, 13, 198, 198, 40226, 34952, 313, 1092, 198, 464, 8050, 30252, 220, 286, 262, 5694, 19614, 286, 3517, 9309, 11, 3340, 779, 257, 1913, 875, 78, 596, 286, 262, 6808, 355, 281, 1926, 413, 1077, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 220, 198, 449, 538, 1559, 17969, 21415, 198, 5555, 15604, 198, 198, 20519, 3225, 78, 485, 3609, 198, 9069, 17183, 291, 7651, 48319, 1152, 64, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 2031, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 8342, 2253, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 4124, 378, 7229, 198, 3646, 1187, 973, 287, 4569, 12547, 1605, 9007 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%20Boss	Jake Boss	Jacob Boss Jr. is an American baseball coach and former player, who is the current head baseball coach of the Michigan State Spartans. He played college baseball at Alma College for head coach Bill Klenk from 1990 to 1993. He then served as the head coach of the Eastern Michigan Eagles in 2008. Early career Boss played college baseball at Division III Alma College from 1990–1993. In the mid-1990s, Boss served as a high school and community college baseball coach before accepting an assistant coaching position at Eastern Michigan prior to the 1997 season. He left Eastern Michigan after the 2004 season to serve as an assistant at Michigan from 2005–2007. Head coaching career Boss was named the head coach at Eastern Michigan for the 2008 season and spent one year there. Under Boss, the team lost its first 17 games but went 25–17 for the remainder of the season. The Eagles won the Mid-American Conference (MAC) Western Division Title and the MAC tournament, thus qualifying for the NCAA tournament. On July 1, 2008, Boss was named head baseball coach at Michigan State. During his 14 seasons at Michigan State University, Coach Boss has achieved significant success. He holds a record of 383-332 (.536), making him the winningest coach in program history over a 14-year span. Under his leadership, the MSU baseball team has experienced five of the top 10 winningest seasons in program history. They have also achieved seven 30-win seasons in the last 12 years, won the Big Ten regular-season championship in 2011, and made his first NCAA tournament appearance with Michigan State in 2012. Record Below is a table of Boss's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach. Personal life Boss has a nephew, Ike Irish, who plays baseball. See also List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches References Alma Scots baseball players Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Living people High school baseball coaches in the United States Iowa Central Tritons baseball coaches Eastern Michigan University alumni Eastern Michigan Eagles baseball coaches Michigan State Spartans baseball coaches Michigan Wolverines baseball coaches	[ 46751, 15718, 7504, 13, 318, 281, 1605, 9283, 3985, 290, 1966, 2137, 11, 508, 318, 262, 1459, 1182, 9283, 3985, 286, 262, 7055, 1812, 45130, 13, 679, 2826, 4152, 9283, 379, 35152, 5535, 329, 1182, 3985, 3941, 509, 11925, 74, 422, 6303, 284, 9656, 13, 679, 788, 4983, 355, 262, 1182, 3985, 286, 262, 8345, 7055, 13785, 287, 3648, 13, 198, 198, 20457, 3451, 220, 198, 37310, 2826, 4152, 9283, 379, 7458, 6711, 35152, 5535, 422, 6303, 1906, 24465, 13, 220, 554, 262, 3095, 12, 19891, 82, 11, 15718, 4983, 355, 257, 1029, 1524, 290, 2055, 4152, 9283, 3985, 878, 12598, 281, 8796, 13101, 2292, 379, 8345, 7055, 3161, 284, 262, 8309, 1622, 13, 220, 679, 1364, 8345, 7055, 706, 262, 5472, 1622, 284, 4691, 355, 281, 8796, 379, 7055, 422, 5075, 1906, 12726, 13, 198, 198, 13847, 13101, 3451, 220, 198, 198, 37310, 373, 3706, 262, 1182, 3985, 379, 8345, 7055, 329, 262, 3648, 1622, 290, 3377, 530, 614, 612, 13, 220, 4698, 15718, 11, 262, 1074, 2626, 663, 717, 1596, 1830, 475, 1816, 1679, 1906, 1558, 329, 262, 17675, 286, 262, 1622, 13, 220, 383, 13785, 1839, 262, 7215, 12, 7437, 8785, 357, 44721, 8, 4885, 7458, 11851, 290, 262, 20582, 7756, 11, 4145, 18677, 329, 262, 15244, 7756, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 2901, 352, 11, 3648, 11, 15718, 373, 3706, 1182, 9283, 3985, 379, 7055, 1812, 13, 5856, 465, 1478, 7028, 379, 7055, 1812, 2059, 11, 16393, 15718, 468, 8793, 2383, 1943, 13, 679, 6622, 257, 1700, 286, 49814, 12, 32148, 20262, 44468, 828, 1642, 683, 262, 5442, 395, 3985, 287, 1430, 2106, 625, 257, 1478, 12, 1941, 11506, 13, 4698, 465, 5531, 11, 262, 6579, 52, 9283, 1074, 468, 5924, 1936, 286, 262, 1353, 838, 5442, 395, 7028, 287, 1430, 2106, 13, 1119, 423, 635, 8793, 3598, 1542, 12, 5404, 7028, 287, 262, 938, 1105, 812, 11, 1839, 262, 4403, 9368, 3218, 12, 6230, 12184, 287, 2813, 11, 290, 925, 465, 717, 15244, 7756, 5585, 351, 7055, 1812, 287, 2321, 13, 198, 198, 23739, 220, 198, 21106, 318, 257, 3084, 286, 15718, 338, 24169, 4406, 355, 281, 15244, 1182, 9283, 3985, 13, 198, 198, 30228, 1204, 198, 37310, 468, 257, 26301, 11, 34880, 8685, 11, 508, 5341, 9283, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 8053, 286, 1459, 15244, 7458, 314, 9283, 11070, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 2348, 2611, 33860, 9283, 1938, 198, 17688, 286, 4082, 4814, 357, 19950, 661, 8, 198, 27271, 286, 4082, 4814, 357, 19950, 661, 8, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 11922, 1524, 9283, 11070, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 45186, 5694, 309, 799, 684, 9283, 11070, 198, 46109, 7055, 2059, 31333, 220, 198, 46109, 7055, 13785, 9283, 11070, 198, 40610, 1812, 45130, 9283, 11070, 198, 40610, 26328, 1127, 9283, 11070 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166153	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20Foo%20Fighters	List of awards and nominations received by Foo Fighters	This is a comprehensive list of major music awards and nominations received by Foo Fighters, an American rock band. Foo Fighters were formed in 1994 by lead singer Dave Grohl. Foo Fighters has received thirty-five awards from one hundred-thirteen nominations. Their most successful performance at any one ceremony over time, is that of the Grammys with 15 wins, while the Kerrang Awards in the United Kingdom is their most successful in terms of winning every time they have been nominated, with 6 wins from 6 nominations. AltRock Awards \|- \|align="center" rowspan="2" \| 2018 \|\| Foo Fighters \|\| Artist of the Year\|\| \|- \| Dave Grohl \|\| Best Male Singer \|\| \|- American Music Awards The American Music Awards is an annual award created by Dick Clark. The awards show is similar to the Grammy Awards and the MTV Video Music Awards. BBC Music Awards Billboard Music Awards Brit Awards The Brit Awards are awarded annually in the United Kingdom. As of 2018, Foo Fighters has received five awards from eight nominations. GAFFA Awards Denmark GAFFA Awards Delivered since 1991, the GAFFA Awards are a Danish award that rewards popular music by the magazine of the same name. ! \|- \| 2002 \| Foo Fighters \| Best Foreign Band \| \| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"\| \|- \| 2006 \| In Your Honor \| Best Foreign Album \| \|- \| 2007 \| rowspan="2"\| Foo Fighters \| rowspan="2"\| Best Foreign Band \| \| style="text-align:center;" \| \|- \| 2018 \| \| style="text-align:center;" \| \|- \|} Sweden GAFFA Awards Delivered since 2010, the GAFFA Awards (Swedish: GAFFA Priset) are a Swedish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name. ! \|- \| 2011 \| Wasting Light \| Best Foreign Album \| \| style="text-align:center;" \| \|- \| rowspan="2"\| 2018 \| "Run" \| Best Foreign Song \| \| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"\| \|- \| Concrete and Gold \| Best Foreign Album \| \|- \|} Global Awards Grammy Awards The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in the United States. Foo Fighters has received fifteen awards from thirty-two nominations. They have won Best Rock Album five times, more than any other band. Kerrang! Awards The Kerrang! Awards is an award show from Kerrang! Magazine. Foo Fighters received six awards. MTV Awards MTV Australia Music Awards The MTV Australia Music Awards is the Australian version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Foo Fighters received five nominations. MTV Europe Music Awards The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annuel award show from MTV Europe. Foo Fighters received eleven nominations. MTV Video Music Awards The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Foo Fighters has received three awards from twenty-six nominations. MTV Video Music Awards Japan The MTV Video Music Awards Japan is the Japanese version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Foo Fighters were nominated three times. NME Awards The NME Awards is an annual award show from NME Magazine in the UK. Foo Fighters received five awards. People's Choice Awards The People's Choice Awards is an annual award show from CBS television. People vote for their favorite movies, TV shows, and music. Foo Fighters are nominated for one award. Radio Music Awards The Radio Music Awards is an annuel award show for the best radio music. Foo Fighters received three nominations. Q Awards The Q Awards is an annuel awards show from Q Magazine. Foo Fighters received two nominations. Teen Choice Awards The Teen Choice Awards is an annual award show which first aired in 1999 by Fox Broadcasting Company. Foo Fighters received five nominations. UK Music Video Awards The UK Music Video Awards is an annual award ceremony founded in 2008 to recognise creativity, technical excellence and innovation in music videos and moving images for music. \|- \| 2009 \| Live at Wembley Stadium \| Best Live Music Coverage \| References Awards Lists of awards received by American musician Lists of awards received by musical group	[ 1212, 318, 257, 9815, 1351, 286, 1688, 2647, 13304, 290, 30994, 2722, 416, 36080, 29165, 11, 281, 1605, 3881, 4097, 13, 36080, 29165, 547, 7042, 287, 9162, 416, 1085, 14015, 9935, 10299, 18519, 13, 36080, 29165, 468, 2722, 12277, 12, 13261, 13304, 422, 530, 3470, 12, 400, 22530, 30994, 13, 198, 198, 14574, 749, 4388, 2854, 379, 597, 530, 10542, 625, 640, 11, 318, 326, 286, 262, 20159, 28744, 351, 1315, 7864, 11, 981, 262, 32879, 648, 15434, 287, 262, 1578, 7526, 318, 511, 749, 4388, 287, 2846, 286, 5442, 790, 640, 484, 423, 587, 19332, 11, 351, 718, 7864, 422, 718, 30994, 13, 198, 198, 29161, 19665, 15434, 198, 198, 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17166229	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Rivers	Jason Rivers	Jason Rivers (born May 12, 1984) is an American former gridiron football wide receiver. He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors, and was a favorite target of record-setting quarterback Colt Brennan. Rivers places prominently on Hawaii's career receiving lists: 2nd in career receptions (292) 2nd in career receiving yards (3,919) 3rd in career receiving touchdowns (35) After not being selected in the 2008 NFL Draft, he was signed by the Tennessee Titans as a free agent but subsequently released. Rivers is of Samoan and African American descent. Prior to playing college football, Rivers attended Saint Louis School in Honolulu. See also 2006 Hawaii Bowl, during which Rivers and Brennan set several Hawaii Bowl records and were named co-MVPs References 1985 births Living people American football wide receivers Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football players Players of American football from Honolulu American sportspeople of Samoan descent African-American players of American football 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people Saint Louis School alumni	[ 26497, 18280, 357, 6286, 1737, 1105, 11, 12844, 8, 318, 281, 1605, 1966, 10706, 1934, 4346, 3094, 9733, 13, 679, 2826, 4152, 4346, 329, 262, 13708, 12090, 11, 290, 373, 257, 4004, 2496, 286, 1700, 12, 33990, 7880, 37360, 26577, 13, 198, 198, 49, 1191, 4113, 31015, 319, 13708, 338, 3451, 6464, 8341, 25, 198, 362, 358, 287, 3451, 35401, 357, 32759, 8, 198, 362, 358, 287, 3451, 6464, 5695, 357, 18, 11, 24, 1129, 8, 198, 513, 4372, 287, 3451, 6464, 17692, 357, 2327, 8, 198, 198, 3260, 407, 852, 6163, 287, 262, 3648, 5134, 13650, 11, 339, 373, 4488, 416, 262, 11287, 18711, 355, 257, 1479, 5797, 475, 12412, 2716, 13, 198, 198, 49, 1191, 318, 286, 3409, 24611, 290, 5510, 1605, 18598, 13, 14481, 284, 2712, 4152, 4346, 11, 18280, 9141, 9281, 5593, 3961, 287, 43296, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 4793, 13708, 8693, 11, 1141, 543, 18280, 290, 26577, 900, 1811, 13708, 8693, 4406, 290, 547, 3706, 763, 12, 44, 8859, 82, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 29110, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 7437, 4346, 3094, 19137, 198, 33055, 42648, 19909, 12090, 4346, 1938, 198, 24860, 286, 1605, 4346, 422, 43296, 198, 7437, 5701, 15332, 286, 3409, 24611, 18598, 198, 43032, 12, 7437, 1938, 286, 1605, 4346, 198, 2481, 301, 12, 14792, 5510, 12, 7437, 5701, 15332, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 5510, 12, 7437, 661, 198, 48615, 5593, 3961, 31333 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda%20Sea%20Triple%20Junction	Banda Sea Triple Junction	The Banda Sea Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction where three tectonic plates meet: the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is located on the seafloor of the Banda Sea off the west coast of the island of New Guinea. The plate boundaries which meet at this triple junction are all subduction zones (trenches). References Tectonics of Indonesia – University of North Dakota Triple junctions Geology of Indonesia Banda Sea	[ 464, 347, 5282, 6896, 19817, 44410, 318, 257, 4903, 20781, 15055, 35037, 810, 1115, 256, 478, 9229, 13375, 1826, 25, 262, 40136, 12, 38036, 23648, 11, 262, 8211, 23648, 290, 262, 35769, 666, 23648, 13, 220, 632, 318, 5140, 319, 262, 25127, 75, 2675, 286, 262, 347, 5282, 6896, 572, 262, 7421, 7051, 286, 262, 7022, 286, 968, 22777, 13, 220, 383, 7480, 13215, 543, 1826, 379, 428, 15055, 35037, 389, 477, 850, 11124, 14123, 357, 83, 33650, 737, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 220, 198, 309, 478, 38530, 286, 16256, 784, 2059, 286, 2258, 13336, 198, 198, 14824, 1154, 10891, 2733, 198, 10082, 1435, 286, 16256, 198, 33, 5282, 6896 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20Madness	Murder Madness	Murder Madness is a science fiction novel by American writer Murray Leinster. It was first published in book form in 1931 by Brewer and Warren. It was Leinster's first book. The novel was originally serialized in four parts in the magazine Astounding SF beginning in May 1930. Plot introduction The novel concerns a tyrant who attempts to control civilization by using a madness-inducing drug. Sources External links 1931 American novels 1931 science fiction novels American science fiction novels Novels first published in serial form Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact Novels by Murray Leinster	[ 23830, 1082, 24452, 318, 257, 3783, 10165, 5337, 416, 1605, 6260, 12164, 1004, 259, 1706, 13, 220, 632, 373, 717, 3199, 287, 1492, 1296, 287, 34625, 416, 38822, 290, 11328, 13, 220, 632, 373, 1004, 259, 1706, 338, 717, 1492, 13, 220, 383, 5337, 373, 6198, 11389, 1143, 287, 1440, 3354, 287, 262, 7093, 8304, 9969, 14362, 3726, 287, 1737, 15533, 13, 198, 198, 43328, 9793, 198, 464, 5337, 4786, 257, 47167, 508, 6370, 284, 1630, 14355, 416, 1262, 257, 23208, 12, 48016, 2563, 13, 198, 198, 21188, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 1129, 3132, 1605, 16122, 198, 1129, 3132, 3783, 10165, 16122, 198, 7437, 3783, 10165, 16122, 198, 2949, 626, 82, 717, 3199, 287, 11389, 1296, 198, 23044, 6198, 3199, 287, 50088, 5800, 26756, 290, 19020, 198, 2949, 626, 82, 416, 12164, 1004, 259, 1706 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166260	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382%20Serie%20B	1981–82 Serie B	The Serie B 1981–82 was the fiftieth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation. Teams Reggiana, Cremonese, Cavese and Sambenedettese had been promoted from Serie C, while Brescia, Perugia and Pistoiese had been relegated from Serie A. Final classification Results References and sources Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005 Serie B seasons 2 Italy	[ 464, 41530, 347, 14745, 1906, 6469, 373, 262, 277, 2135, 19235, 7756, 286, 428, 5449, 2826, 287, 8031, 1201, 663, 6282, 13, 198, 198, 6767, 4105, 198, 3041, 1130, 7484, 11, 327, 2787, 1952, 68, 11, 19931, 2771, 290, 3409, 65, 2945, 3087, 2771, 550, 587, 13722, 422, 41530, 327, 11, 981, 347, 411, 33743, 11, 2448, 1018, 544, 290, 18667, 78, 444, 68, 550, 587, 36391, 422, 41530, 317, 13, 198, 198, 19006, 17923, 198, 198, 25468, 198, 198, 19927, 290, 4237, 198, 198, 2348, 805, 8679, 23279, 81, 5549, 1619, 2199, 66, 952, 532, 4689, 520, 7661, 46244, 12, 15724, 11, 5961, 5362, 1717, 528, 295, 72, 11, 3401, 8107, 11, 2693, 5075, 198, 198, 7089, 494, 347, 7028, 198, 17, 198, 45001 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincetoxicum%20hirundinaria	Vincetoxicum hirundinaria	Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, commonly named white swallow-wort, is a long-lived herbaceous perennial of the genus Vincetoxicum in the family Apocynaceae. Etymology The generic name Vincetoxicum, in Latin meaning ‘conqueror of poison’, derives from the traditional use of this plant as an antidote to poisons. The Latin species name hirundinaria (from hirundo, meaning swallow) and the common name white swallow-wort refer to its seedpods, that are reminiscent of a swallow's wing, or tail. Description Vincetoxicum hirundinaria can reach a height of . Stem is erect, stout and glabrous. Flowers in whorls form a raceme. They have a diamenter of about . Corolla has five white petals. Calyx is composed by five fused, sharp-pointed sepals. Leaves are opposite, ovate to lanceolate and short-stalked. Fruits reach a length of about 5 cm and contain many seeds showing a tuft of white hairs. Flowering time lasts from June to the end of July. Distribution and habitat This species is native to cliffs and slopes, especially in calcareous soils, of continental Eurasia (including some Baltic islands). There are introduced populations in North America (Ontario, Michigan, and New York). It is not present in Great Britain and Ireland. Human culture Vincetoxicum hirundinaria is a poisonous plant traditionally used in treating diseases and in magic. The plant was mentioned by Pedanius Dioscorides as a traditional plant used by Dacians and known as the "herb of animals", believed to open any locked door. Gallery References External links hirundinaria Flora of Asia Flora of Europe	[ 53, 1939, 316, 18047, 388, 289, 343, 917, 259, 10312, 11, 8811, 3706, 2330, 26633, 12, 86, 419, 11, 318, 257, 890, 12, 24489, 21047, 37797, 39983, 286, 262, 34306, 569, 1939, 316, 18047, 388, 287, 262, 1641, 5949, 420, 2047, 48319, 13, 198, 198, 36, 43408, 198, 464, 14276, 1438, 569, 1939, 316, 18047, 388, 11, 287, 9133, 3616, 564, 246, 1102, 10819, 273, 286, 8764, 447, 247, 11, 37453, 422, 262, 4569, 779, 286, 428, 4618, 355, 281, 50131, 284, 49121, 13, 383, 9133, 4693, 1438, 289, 343, 917, 259, 10312, 357, 6738, 289, 343, 41204, 11, 3616, 26633, 8, 290, 262, 2219, 1438, 2330, 26633, 12, 86, 419, 3522, 284, 663, 9403, 79, 12978, 11, 326, 220, 389, 24960, 286, 257, 26633, 338, 8539, 11, 393, 7894, 13, 198, 198, 11828, 198, 53, 1939, 316, 18047, 388, 289, 343, 917, 259, 10312, 460, 3151, 257, 6001, 286, 764, 520, 368, 318, 16417, 11, 39171, 290, 1278, 397, 7596, 13, 30036, 287, 348, 273, 7278, 1296, 257, 3444, 34755, 13, 1119, 423, 257, 48428, 9255, 286, 546, 764, 2744, 33011, 468, 1936, 2330, 4273, 874, 13, 2199, 28391, 318, 13160, 416, 1936, 43954, 11, 7786, 12, 4122, 276, 41767, 874, 13, 46597, 389, 6697, 11, 19643, 378, 284, 300, 590, 27976, 290, 1790, 12, 301, 971, 276, 13, 376, 50187, 3151, 257, 4129, 286, 546, 642, 1849, 11215, 290, 3994, 867, 11904, 4478, 257, 12777, 701, 286, 2330, 32908, 13, 20025, 278, 640, 20374, 422, 2795, 284, 262, 886, 286, 2901, 13, 198, 198, 20344, 3890, 290, 20018, 198, 1212, 4693, 318, 6868, 284, 41724, 290, 35082, 11, 2592, 287, 2386, 6651, 516, 38750, 11, 286, 29843, 35769, 544, 357, 8201, 617, 32882, 14807, 737, 220, 1318, 389, 5495, 9684, 287, 2258, 2253, 357, 45984, 4982, 11, 7055, 11, 290, 968, 1971, 737, 632, 318, 407, 1944, 287, 3878, 5491, 290, 7517, 13, 198, 198, 20490, 3968, 198, 53, 1939, 316, 18047, 388, 289, 343, 917, 259, 10312, 318, 257, 32199, 4618, 16083, 973, 287, 13622, 10040, 290, 287, 5536, 13, 383, 4618, 373, 4750, 416, 13457, 3216, 385, 360, 4267, 10215, 1460, 355, 257, 4569, 4618, 973, 416, 360, 330, 1547, 290, 1900, 355, 262, 366, 372, 65, 286, 4695, 1600, 4762, 284, 1280, 597, 8970, 3420, 13, 198, 198, 29352, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 71, 343, 917, 259, 10312, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 7229, 198, 26953, 64, 286, 2031 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166296	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%20Kellet	Over Kellet	Over Kellet is a village and civil parish near Carnforth in the English county of Lancashire. The parish, which is in the City of Lancaster, includes the village of Capernwray, at its northern end, and has a population of 778, decreasing slightly to 761 at the 2011 Census. The Lancaster Canal passes through the parish. The village was referred to as Chellet in the Domesday Book, and more recently has also been known as Lesser Kellet. It is approximately east of Carnforth, and east of junction 35 of the M6 motorway. The Church of St Cuthbert has existed since 1215. The current building, a Grade II* listed building, was mostly built in the 16th century. It was restored in 1864, and is now a joint Anglican/Methodist church. Capernwray Dive Centre can be found on the outskirts of the village. Capernwray Hall Capernwray Hall is an 1844 country house designed by Edmund Sharpe and is a grade II* listed building. Since 1947 it has been the home of the Capernwray Missionary Fellowship of Torchbearers. Capernwray Old Hall is a different, grade II listed, late 17th-century building. See also Listed buildings in Over Kellet References External links Over Kellet Village Geography of the City of Lancaster Civil parishes in Lancashire Villages in Lancashire	[ 5886, 15150, 1616, 318, 257, 7404, 290, 3026, 28830, 1474, 19659, 25718, 287, 262, 3594, 7968, 286, 21534, 1077, 557, 13, 383, 28830, 11, 543, 318, 287, 262, 2254, 286, 38167, 11, 3407, 262, 7404, 286, 4476, 1142, 86, 2433, 11, 220, 379, 663, 7840, 886, 11, 290, 468, 257, 3265, 286, 767, 3695, 11, 24030, 4622, 284, 767, 5333, 379, 262, 2813, 20962, 13, 383, 38167, 31314, 8318, 832, 262, 28830, 13, 198, 198, 464, 7404, 373, 6412, 284, 355, 11425, 1616, 287, 262, 360, 2586, 820, 4897, 11, 290, 517, 2904, 468, 635, 587, 1900, 355, 12892, 263, 15150, 1616, 13, 632, 318, 6702, 220, 7627, 286, 19659, 25718, 11, 290, 220, 7627, 286, 35037, 3439, 286, 262, 337, 21, 5584, 1014, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4564, 286, 520, 327, 1071, 4835, 468, 11196, 1201, 1105, 1314, 13, 220, 383, 1459, 2615, 11, 257, 22653, 2873, 9, 5610, 2615, 11, 373, 4632, 3170, 287, 262, 1467, 400, 4289, 13, 220, 632, 373, 15032, 287, 1248, 2414, 11, 290, 318, 783, 257, 6466, 42844, 272, 14, 17410, 396, 4928, 13, 198, 198, 15610, 1142, 86, 2433, 39117, 9072, 460, 307, 1043, 319, 262, 30140, 286, 262, 7404, 13, 198, 198, 15610, 1142, 86, 2433, 4789, 198, 198, 15610, 1142, 86, 2433, 4789, 318, 281, 1248, 2598, 1499, 2156, 3562, 416, 35646, 15465, 431, 290, 318, 257, 9559, 2873, 9, 5610, 2615, 13, 4619, 21709, 340, 468, 587, 262, 1363, 286, 262, 4476, 1142, 86, 2433, 12633, 560, 36293, 286, 34868, 1350, 34231, 13, 4476, 1142, 86, 2433, 5706, 4789, 318, 257, 1180, 11, 9559, 2873, 5610, 11, 2739, 1596, 400, 12, 14792, 2615, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 198, 43, 6347, 6832, 287, 3827, 15150, 1616, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 198, 5886, 15150, 1616, 14812, 198, 198, 10082, 4867, 286, 262, 2254, 286, 38167, 198, 32610, 1582, 5614, 287, 21534, 1077, 557, 198, 42074, 1095, 287, 21534, 1077, 557 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Lewis%20%28wrestler%29	Frank Lewis (wrestler)	Frank Wiatt Lewis (December 6, 1912 – August 16, 1998) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, where he earned a gold medal in the freestyle welterweight (72 kg) division. Franklin was born in Coleman, Texas and raised in Cushing, Oklahoma. In high school, he won an Oklahoma wrestling state championship in 1929. He wrestling collegiately at Oklahoma State (then called Oklahoma A&M). Lewis was an NCAA runner-up in 1934 and the NCAA champion in 1935 at 155 pounds, while also being named Most Outstanding Wrestler of the event. Following college, he earned a sport on the U.S. Olympic freestyle wrestling team, winning a gold medal in the welterweight division (72 kg) at the 1936 Olympic Games. In 1979, Lewis was inducted in the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member. References 1912 births 1998 deaths Wrestlers at the 1936 Summer Olympics American male sport wrestlers Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestlers Olympic gold medalists for the United States in wrestling Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics 20th-century American people	[ 17439, 11759, 1078, 10174, 357, 20588, 718, 11, 34463, 784, 2932, 1467, 11, 7795, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 34845, 290, 11514, 8783, 13, 679, 32440, 379, 262, 27653, 11514, 5776, 287, 11307, 11, 810, 339, 7366, 257, 3869, 18279, 287, 262, 2030, 10992, 5029, 353, 6551, 357, 4761, 14211, 8, 7297, 13, 220, 198, 198, 17439, 2815, 373, 4642, 287, 22687, 11, 3936, 290, 4376, 287, 327, 8023, 11, 10433, 13, 554, 1029, 1524, 11, 339, 1839, 281, 10433, 16381, 1181, 12184, 287, 31883, 13, 679, 16381, 13303, 72, 1286, 379, 10433, 1812, 357, 8524, 1444, 10433, 317, 5, 44, 737, 10174, 373, 281, 15244, 17490, 12, 929, 287, 29300, 290, 262, 15244, 8783, 287, 30704, 379, 20708, 8059, 11, 981, 635, 852, 3706, 4042, 3806, 5646, 20722, 1754, 286, 262, 1785, 13, 14207, 4152, 11, 339, 7366, 257, 6332, 319, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 11514, 2030, 10992, 16381, 1074, 11, 5442, 257, 3869, 18279, 287, 262, 5029, 353, 6551, 7297, 357, 4761, 14211, 8, 379, 262, 27653, 11514, 5776, 13, 198, 198, 818, 13521, 11, 10174, 373, 28948, 276, 287, 262, 2351, 29662, 4789, 286, 18864, 355, 257, 4307, 46709, 10239, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 1129, 1065, 27244, 198, 21113, 7040, 198, 54, 2118, 8116, 379, 262, 27653, 10216, 14935, 198, 7437, 4257, 6332, 41758, 198, 18690, 9802, 1812, 16535, 41758, 198, 46, 6760, 291, 3869, 18279, 1023, 329, 262, 1578, 1829, 287, 16381, 198, 9921, 282, 1023, 379, 262, 27653, 10216, 14935, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 1605, 661 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166311	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica%20serpyllifolia	Veronica serpyllifolia	Veronica serpyllifolia, the thyme-leaved speedwell or thymeleaf speedwell, is a perennial flowering plant in the plantain family. It is native to Europe, but can be found elsewhere on most continents as an introduced species. Description Veronica serpyllifolia L. initially grows low to the ground then will start to grow upright. The flowers are small, white, and have dark purple marks on their petals. The leaves are oval, borne on creeping stems. Roots grow from leaf axils. The prostrate stems bear erect flowering branches up to 20 cm high. The leaves are opposite on short stalks. The flowers are in racemes with a corolla 6 mm wide. The first leaves of the seedling have no petiole, are hairless, and have a smooth margin. Their stems grow from nodes on the rhizomes, allowing it to grow in thick mats close to the ground. The lower leaves are oval and have smooth margins. The upper leaves are oval shaped but smaller than the lower leaves. The lower leaves have relatively short stalks, while the higher or upper leaves are stalkless (lack petioles). Flowers have four petals and grow from the leaf axils. The fruits are capsules. The capsules are obcordate or heart shaped, mostly flattened and have a pubescent outer layer with a notched tip. Veronica serpyllifolia capsules are approximately 2.5-3.5 mm long. Once the capsules are mature, they open to release many small seeds. Their root systems are both fibrous and rhizomatous. The fruit is lined with hairs and the seeds on the inside of the capsule are also flattened. This plant can be hard to spot as it is relatively small and grows in patches which can be covered by grass. They are more noticeable when they bloom. Veronica serpyllifolia reproduces either by dropping its seeds or by rooting stems. Distribution Veronica serpyllifolia L., commonly known as thyme-leaved speedwell, is native to Europe and is introduced to North America and New Zealand. As of 2010, it is known to occur in 37 of the US states and is considered a weed in North America. Veronica serpyllifolia frequently occurs in open grass lands and cultivated areas on lighter soils. Veronica serpyllifolia grows in full sunlight, tolerates partial shade, and thrives in a moist environment during the spring . They can grow in elevations up to 3300 m. Ecology Pollinators of V. serpyllifolia include flies and bees that visit the flowers for nectar. The seeds can be dispersed by attaching onto the wings of birds or the fur of some animals. Veronica serpyllifolia seeds were found in cattle dung, thus cattle or other grazers are likely important dispersers of the plant. Weed control Veronica serpyllifolia grows in patches and is commonly recognized as a weed of turf grass. Ways to remove V. serpyllifolia from lawns are by mowing and watering and fertilizing lawns properly, this hinders the weeds ability to compete. The use of herbicide is recommended for the complete removal of this species from a yard or a lawn. Picking the weed and pulling the roots out can work but this risks the further dispersal of seeds on the lawn. One study showed that wiping herbicides onto the plant rather than spraying it helps to better remove of the species. It stated that wiping method worked better and the spray on method caused harm to other grasses surrounding the weeds. Synonyms Synonyms of Veronica serpyllifolia include: Veronicastrum serpyllifolium (L.) Fourr. and Veronica serpyllifolia L. var. nummularioides Lecoq & Lamotte. Wetland plant status Veronica serpyllifolia is able to grow in both jurisdictional wetlands and non-wetlands. According the wetland plant classification system in the United States, V. serpyllifolia is classified as a facultative (FAC) to obligate (OBL) wetland plant. References External links Native Plant Identification Network Missouri Plants Isle of Skye Flora serpyllifolia Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus	[ 13414, 32752, 1055, 9078, 297, 361, 22703, 11, 262, 11906, 1326, 12, 293, 9586, 2866, 4053, 393, 11906, 1326, 33201, 2866, 4053, 11, 318, 257, 39983, 48573, 4618, 287, 262, 4618, 391, 1641, 13, 632, 318, 6868, 284, 2031, 11, 475, 460, 307, 1043, 8057, 319, 749, 33431, 355, 281, 5495, 4693, 13, 198, 198, 11828, 198, 13414, 32752, 1055, 9078, 297, 361, 22703, 406, 13, 7317, 13676, 1877, 284, 262, 2323, 788, 481, 923, 284, 1663, 24826, 13, 383, 12734, 389, 1402, 11, 2330, 11, 290, 423, 3223, 14032, 8849, 319, 511, 4273, 874, 13, 383, 5667, 389, 41186, 11, 28068, 319, 38598, 21552, 13, 34341, 1663, 422, 12835, 7877, 4487, 13, 383, 386, 23104, 21552, 6842, 16417, 48573, 13737, 510, 284, 1160, 12067, 1029, 13, 383, 5667, 389, 6697, 319, 1790, 336, 23833, 13, 383, 12734, 389, 287, 3444, 368, 274, 351, 257, 1162, 33011, 718, 8085, 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17166322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Dunn%20%28Washington%20politician%29	Jim Dunn (Washington politician)	Jim Dunn (born 1942) is an American politician and a former member of the Washington House of Representatives. He represented the 17th Legislative District from 1996-2003 and 2006-2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. Personal Representative Jim Dunn and his wife, Joan, have been married since 1964 and have lived in Clark County since 1977. They have two grown children and five grandchildren. A Vietnam era veteran, Representative Dunn served three enlistments in the U.S. Air Force and Reserves. He is also a descendant of pioneer families from the Washington and Alaska territories. State government Republican State Representative for the 17th Legislative District of Washington from 1996 through 2002; elected State Representative for that district again in 2004 and 2006, again as a Republican. Dunn lost his primary bid for re-election in 2008. Community activism Knights of Columbus County Charter Board Holy Redeemer Catholic Church Loyal Order of Moose American Legion References External links 1942 births Living people Louisiana State University alumni Republican Party members of the Washington House of Representatives Native American state legislators in Washington (state) Politicians from Anchorage, Alaska Politicians from Vancouver, Washington United States Air Force airmen Military personnel from Anchorage, Alaska United States Air Force reservists	[ 18050, 30833, 357, 6286, 22458, 8, 318, 281, 1605, 14971, 290, 257, 1966, 2888, 286, 262, 2669, 2097, 286, 17132, 13, 220, 679, 7997, 262, 220, 1596, 400, 30356, 5665, 422, 8235, 12, 16088, 290, 4793, 12, 10531, 13, 679, 318, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 3415, 3615, 13, 198, 198, 30228, 198, 40171, 876, 5395, 30833, 290, 465, 3656, 11, 26640, 11, 423, 587, 6405, 1201, 17575, 290, 423, 5615, 287, 11264, 3418, 1201, 15589, 13, 1119, 423, 734, 7334, 1751, 290, 1936, 28986, 13, 198, 198, 32, 10836, 6980, 9298, 11, 19920, 30833, 4983, 1115, 33858, 902, 287, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 3701, 5221, 290, 1874, 11184, 13, 679, 318, 635, 257, 45923, 286, 29570, 4172, 422, 262, 2669, 290, 12926, 16771, 13, 198, 198, 9012, 1230, 198, 25777, 1812, 19920, 329, 262, 1596, 400, 30356, 5665, 286, 2669, 422, 8235, 832, 6244, 26, 7018, 1812, 19920, 329, 326, 4783, 757, 287, 5472, 290, 4793, 11, 757, 355, 257, 3415, 13, 220, 30833, 2626, 465, 4165, 8406, 329, 302, 12, 14300, 287, 3648, 13, 198, 198, 20012, 23034, 198, 25095, 2337, 286, 14939, 198, 12332, 88, 23006, 5926, 198, 33336, 2297, 13761, 263, 7835, 4564, 198, 43, 4815, 8284, 286, 44833, 198, 7437, 15778, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 220, 198, 198, 1129, 3682, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 32117, 7484, 1812, 2059, 31333, 198, 25777, 3615, 1866, 286, 262, 2669, 2097, 286, 17132, 198, 31272, 1605, 1181, 19964, 287, 2669, 357, 5219, 8, 198, 39866, 5106, 422, 50066, 11, 12926, 198, 39866, 5106, 422, 10930, 11, 2669, 198, 17013, 1829, 3701, 5221, 1633, 3653, 198, 37837, 8213, 422, 50066, 11, 12926, 198, 17013, 1829, 3701, 5221, 5463, 1023 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20M.%20Brett	Richard M. Brett	Richard M. Brett (September 3, 1903 – September 7, 1989) was an American conservationist and author. Biography Early life Brett was born in Darien, Connecticut and spent most of his life in Woodstock, Vermont, and Fairfield, Connecticut. Brett was a graduate of the Taft School, Williams College, and the Yale School of Forestry. Career Brett served as treasurer (appointed 1926) and general manager of Macmillan Publishing. After serving in World War II, Brett was the business manager of the New York Public Library from 1947 until 1953. Conservationist After retirement in 1953, Brett moved to Vermont, where he set up a tree farm with habitats for wildlife at Hawk's Hill in East Barnard. He served as a trustee of the Vermont Natural Resources Council. Brett later donated his Hawk's Hill tree farm to the New England Forestry Foundation. Military service Brett served in the Army Air Corps during World War II. Bibliography Country Journal Woodlot Primer: The Right Way to Manage Your Woodland by Richard M. Brett (1983) Primer on Aging by Richard M. Brett (1988) An inquiry into flood plains by Richard M Brett (1973) See also George Edward Brett George Platt Brett, Sr. George Platt Brett Macmillan Publishers (United States) References American conservationists 1903 births 1989 deaths United States Army Air Forces soldiers United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II Writers from Fairfield, Connecticut Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies alumni Williams College alumni	[ 22245, 337, 13, 18726, 357, 17543, 513, 11, 41625, 784, 2693, 767, 11, 11104, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 14903, 396, 290, 1772, 13, 198, 198, 23286, 4867, 198, 198, 20457, 1204, 198, 33, 11489, 373, 4642, 287, 7491, 2013, 11, 14493, 290, 3377, 749, 286, 465, 1204, 287, 5326, 13578, 11, 16033, 11, 290, 7011, 3245, 11, 14493, 13, 220, 18726, 373, 257, 10428, 286, 262, 11940, 701, 3961, 11, 6484, 5535, 11, 290, 262, 19681, 3961, 286, 45413, 13, 198, 198, 17784, 263, 198, 198, 33, 11489, 4983, 355, 43428, 357, 32924, 38525, 8, 290, 2276, 4706, 286, 4100, 17805, 272, 23499, 13, 220, 2293, 7351, 287, 2159, 1810, 2873, 11, 18726, 373, 262, 1597, 4706, 286, 262, 968, 1971, 5094, 10074, 422, 21709, 1566, 24217, 13, 198, 198, 9444, 13208, 396, 198, 198, 3260, 10737, 287, 24217, 11, 18726, 3888, 284, 16033, 11, 810, 339, 900, 510, 257, 5509, 5318, 351, 35308, 329, 15599, 379, 26698, 338, 3327, 287, 3687, 11842, 446, 13, 679, 4983, 355, 257, 36882, 286, 262, 16033, 12068, 13864, 4281, 13, 220, 18726, 1568, 15863, 465, 26698, 338, 3327, 5509, 5318, 284, 262, 968, 4492, 45413, 5693, 13, 198, 198, 37837, 2139, 198, 198, 33, 11489, 4983, 287, 262, 5407, 3701, 12778, 1141, 2159, 1810, 2873, 13, 198, 198, 33, 45689, 220, 628, 12946, 4913, 5326, 26487, 11460, 263, 25, 383, 6498, 6378, 284, 1869, 496, 3406, 5326, 1044, 416, 6219, 337, 13, 18726, 357, 29279, 8, 198, 11460, 263, 319, 44581, 416, 6219, 337, 13, 18726, 357, 26709, 8, 198, 1052, 12069, 656, 6947, 36149, 416, 6219, 337, 18726, 357, 40220, 8, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 628, 4502, 10443, 18726, 198, 4502, 1345, 1078, 18726, 11, 21714, 13, 198, 4502, 1345, 1078, 18726, 198, 4100, 17805, 272, 43403, 357, 17013, 1829, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 220, 198, 198, 7437, 14903, 1023, 198, 1129, 3070, 27244, 198, 25475, 7040, 198, 17013, 1829, 5407, 3701, 12700, 5795, 198, 17013, 1829, 5407, 3701, 12700, 8213, 286, 2159, 1810, 2873, 198, 20257, 364, 422, 7011, 3245, 11, 14493, 198, 56, 1000, 3961, 286, 45413, 1222, 13272, 10422, 31333, 198, 27869, 5535, 31333 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166347	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Frauenheim	Fritz Frauenheim	Fritz Frauenheim (9 January 1912 – 28 September 1969) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940, he sank 19 ships for a total of , and damaged two others. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Early life Frauenheim was born in Berlin-Friedenau on 9 March 1912. He entered the navy and spent his initial training on the cadet ship , followed by a period on the light cruiser Karlsruhe. He was transferred to the U-boat force in January 1936 and rose quickly through the ranks and on 1 April 1939 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant. He appears to have spent time with the German forces supporting the Spanish Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War, as he was awarded the Spanish Cross on 6 June 1939. Wartime career Frauenheim had been made watch officer on in 1938, eventually spending over a year in this role, until October 1939. He was appointed to command on 1 October 1937, eventually carrying out five patrols, eventually sinking four merchant ships. He also laid mines, one of which damaged on 21 November, putting her out of action for nearly three years. The Bayonet was sunk by one of U-21’s mines on 21 December. Frauenheim left U-21 on 6 January 1940, taking over command of the newly built on 11 March 1940. He commissioned the boat and took her on four successful patrols. He sank a total of 12 ships, including three sunk and one damaged from convoy SC 7. He left U-101 on 18 November 1940 and became a teacher in the 2nd ULD. He went on to hold a number of staff positions, before taking command of 23rd U-boat Flotilla in the Mediterranean in September 1941. In 1942 he moved to command 29th U-boat Flotilla. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän. In February 1944 Frauenheim joined the staff of the Admiral der Kleinkampfverbände (Admiral of Small Battle Units), where he remained for the rest of the war. He was again promoted, this time to Fregattenkapitän on 1 December 1944. Post war After the end of the war Frauenheim spent eight months in Allied captivity before being released. Frauenheim for almost 20 years until his death worked at the Mobil Oil AG in the Federal Republic of Germany. His last position was a member of the board and head of the department of Marine Transportation and Pipelines. He died in Hamburg on 28 September 1969, aged 57. Awards Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (2 October 1936) Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939) Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (2 October 1939) 1st Class (7 November 1939) Sudetenland Medal (20 December 1938) Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 August 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-101 Knight's Cross of the Order of the Roman Eagle with Swords (18 June 1943) German Cross in Gold on 23 November 1944 as Korvettenkapitän with the Admiral of the Kleinkampfverbände Promotions References Citations Bibliography 1912 births 1969 deaths Military personnel from Berlin U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine) Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War Recipients of the Gold German Cross Reichsmarine personnel People from Tempelhof-Schöneberg	[ 37, 29574, 39313, 84, 268, 9096, 357, 24, 3269, 34463, 784, 2579, 2693, 16450, 8, 373, 257, 2679, 471, 12, 24482, 11561, 286, 262, 5498, 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17166352	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist%20Party%20of%20Oklahoma	Socialist Party of Oklahoma	The Socialist Party of Oklahoma was a semi-autonomous affiliate of the Socialist Party of America located in the Southwestern state of Oklahoma. One of the last states admitted to the Union, the area later incorporated into Oklahoma had been previously used for reservations to which indigenous Native American populations were deported, with the area formally divided after 1890 into two entities — an "Oklahoma Territory" in the West and an "Indian Territory" in the East. In April 1889 some 2 million acres of unassigned lands in the future Oklahoma Territory were opened up to non-Native American settlement in the first of a series of Oklahoma land runs. Dominated by agriculture in an often harsh climate, the Oklahoma Territory was in this period one of the last undeveloped frontiers of the continental United States. With the regional economy dominated by the massive economic power of great railroads and large financial entities, an ethic of agrarian radicalism developed among many of Oklahoma's debt-ridden and impoverished small-holding farmers. Powered more by religious fervor than by Marxist ideology, substantial sections of the People's Party and its eventual successor, the Socialist Party sprung forth from the Oklahoma soil. As the first decade of the 20th century drew to a close, the Socialist Party of Oklahoma was one of the most dominant state organizations of the national party, gaining the support of nearly one in five Oklahoma voters and electing candidates to office in various locales around the state. This boom was followed by a bust, however. The anti-militarist stance taken by the Socialist Party towards World War I was deeply unpopular with many of the organization's generally patriotic rural party members and provoked disruptive and sometimes violent reactions by others in the community. In August 1917 a failed armed march on Washington, DC remembered to history as the Green Corn Rebellion, organized by a local radical organization close to the Industrial Workers of the World, was blamed on the Socialists. The massive public outrage which followed prompted the dismantling of the state organization. By 1920 organized Socialism in Oklahoma had been almost completely extinguished. A fledgling Oklahoma state socialist organization was reestablished in 1928 and grew somewhat during the first half of the 1930s during the years of the Great Depression. Organizational history Background The "Oklahoma lands" — the entire future state of Oklahoma with the exception of the narrow western panhandle — were first set aside as a site to which Native American populations were to be deported from their ancestral homelands in the 1830s. It was there that the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes" — the Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Muscogee (Creek) peoples — were relocated at that time, clearing the way for European-American colonization of their previous lands. Following the conclusion of the American Civil War the Federal government used the fact of these five Native American peoples' support of the Confederate States of America as a pretext for retaking approximately half of these "Oklahoma lands." This freed new area for additional forced relocations of other Native American peoples. In the years after the civil war the "Oklahoma lands" were administratively divided, with the Eastern territory remaining in the possession of the Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Muscogee designated the Indian Territory and the Western area given the official designation Oklahoma Territory. It was originally envisioned that part of this land ceded back to the Federal government after the conclusion of the Civil War would be used for the settlement of freed African-American slaves, but no such systematic relocation campaign was conducted. At the end of the 1880s, nearly two million acres (810,000 hectares) of unused land remained in the Federal inventory at the center of the present state. With little other free land available on the American frontier, public pressure grew for this land to be made available for settlement. Expectant settlers known as "Boomers" began to organize in neighboring Kansas, agitating the government to open the Unassigned Lands for settlement and promising the mutual support of their members for the establishment of their individual claims. Attempts were made by some of these Boomers to squat claims, which were met by ineffectual government dispersals of illegal settlers and their subsequent re-invasion of illegally claimed lands. Public pressure and the ongoing pattern of illegal occupation began to move the wheels of government towards a fundamental transformation of its Indian policy. The Dawes Act of 1887 authorized the dismantling of collectively held tribal lands into individual allotments and signaled an intention to open the whole of the Unassigned Lands to parcelization and allocation to private landholders. Whereas commonly held tribal lands were unlikely to be leased out to white settlers, the Dawes Act with its individually owned parcels ranging from 60 to 320 acres created a situation in which individuals could be persuaded to make transactions that tribal governments would not. The fragmentation of the collectively owned tribal lands was followed in April 1889 by the first and largest of a series of officially sanctioned Oklahoma land runs, in which prospective settlers rushed to stake claims to parcels previously part of the Unassigned Lands. Oklahoma became the new Kansas — a bustling, hardscrabble, agrarian frontier economy emerged, with Oklahoma City the nexus of the Oklahoma Colony. White settlers flocked to the state in search of nominally priced virgin agricultural land. By August 1889 nearly 6,000 claims were filed on over 900,000 acres of land. The next year would see another 7,000 claims putting a million more acres behind fences. By 1901 virtually all the Oklahoma Territory — the western half of today's Oklahoma, land previously set-aside for displaced Native American populations — was in the hands of European-American homesteaders. Oklahoma populism Obtaining land proved to be the simple part of the economic equation for the white newcomers to the Oklahoma Territory. Life proved difficult. The timing of the April 1889 land dash made the growing of a crop in the first year nigh impossible. Settlers, many of whom were of limited financial means to begin with, were forced to draw down the stocks of provisions which they carried with them to their new homesteads. Homes were built and wells dug, but 1890 was a year of severe drought, which made a second consecutive year of no farm income for many settlers. Thugs squatting on prime land sometimes kept their rightful owners off their own property until matters could be litigated in court, further impeding the development of viable farms. Speculators claimed prime land and access to transportation and water. Some lost their claims and were rendered landless owing to a lack of funds to pay legal fees. Exacerbating these problems, for a full year no territorial government existed to adjudicate the myriad of legal issues which emerged. On top of the difficulties faced in the launching of a new agricultural economy came the insertion from neighboring states of a resource-draining financial and business apparatus. Few Oklahomans had the financial resources to go into business for themselves on more than a personal subsistence level and a seller's market prevailed. A costly credit system emerged in which merchants would frequently charge substantially higher prices for wares purchased on credit and then levy heavy interest rates on the unpaid balance — combined costs which could add as much as 50% to the total purchase price. Many were forced to mortgage their furniture and basic possessions at exorbitant interest rates in order to make ends meet. Defaulting families lost their possessions and were reduced into still more dire living conditions. Poverty was endemic. Nearly a decade after the great land grab of 1889, one study estimated the value of the furniture owned by the average Oklahoman family at just $7.50. The widespread economic misery had the effect of radicalizing a significant segment of the Oklahoma population. This found expression in the 1890 establishment of the People's Party (commonly known as the "Populists") in Oklahoma in the summer of 1890. On June 21, 1890, representatives of the Farmers' Alliance, the Knights of Labor, and the Union Labor Party gathered in Oklahoma City for pre-convention planning. The group set August 13, 1890 as the date for the first territorial convention of the new political organization, which sought to challenge the dominant Democratic and less potent Republican parties in the Oklahoma Territory. The selection of this date proved unfortunate, however, as Governor George Washington Steele subsequently announced August 5 — a week ahead of the scheduled organizing convention — as the date for the election of a territorial legislature. Despite being surprised by the snap election, the Populists still managed to win election to several seats in the first territorial legislature, including a sweep of Payne County's senator and three representatives and winning another seat in Payne County. People's Party supporters tended to be Northern-born, while the Democrats were skewed towards the Southern born. The Republicans tended to split the Northern-born vote with the Populists, dominated by those hailing from New England, while People's Party supporters tended to be of Midwestern origins. Six Republicans, 5 Democrats, 1 Populist, and 1 Republican-leaning Independent were elected to the 1890 Oklahoma Territorial Council (Senate), while the first House of Representatives included 14 Republicans, 8 Democrats, and 4 Populists. Oklahoma was, in short, a three party state from the outset. The People's Party remained an extremely effective political entity for two more election cycles. In 1892 the Oklahoma People's Party advanced a full slate of its candidates, committed to the third party approach but relegated to third place. In the elections of November 1894, however, the People's Party seemed to break through, outpolling the candidate of the Democratic Party for Congress by drawing 33% of the vote in a losing effort. The party was ultimately shattered in 1896 amidst a bitter division between "fusionists" who sought to cooperate with the Democratic Party headed by William Jennings Bryan, who seemed to share some of the Populists' programmatic interests and those who wished to "stick to the middle of the road" by nominating a full slate of candidates in the name of the People's Party. The victory of the "fusionists" over "mid-road" adherents, followed by Bryan's defeat at the polls in 1896 proved a near mortal blow to the People's Party, which very nearly dissolved in the aftermath. It would be the Democratic Party which would survive, with many former Populists moving over to the support of that organization. The ground was cleared for a new political organization to represent the interests of common people against the monied interests which dominated each of the "old parties." The Indiahoma Farmers' Union With the effective demise of the People's Party, a new organization game to the fore to advance the issues of the impoverished small-holding and tenant farmers of the Oklahoma and Indian Territories. This was to be the Indiahoma Farmers' Union (IFU), a new entity harkening back to the Farmers' Alliance which was headed by a former Populist named Newt Gresham. The IFU was patterned after a similar organization established in neighboring Texas in 1902. Expansion was made northward into the Oklahoma and Indian Territories the following year. The fledgling organization remained part of the Texas Farmers' Union until early in 1905, when it was granted organizational independence and formally adopted the Indiahoma Farmers' Union The Indiahoma Farmers' Union was an organization founded around the idea of advancing cooperative enterprise. The Socialist Party of America Far from improving, the conditions faced by Oklahoma's small-holding and tenant farmers remained abysmal into the first years of the 20th century. Farmers continued to suffer greatly unfavorable terms for credit or rent while receiving extremely low prices for the cotton, corn, and wheat which they produced. Southern agriculture was the hardest hit in the nation, and the regional blight which plagued the cotton economy impacted even the Southwestern state of Oklahoma. By 1910 half the farmers of the South worked on land which they did not own, with between one-quarter and one-half of their annual production lost off the top to rent. The average income of such farmers in Oklahoma was estimated in one contemporary study at just $200 per year. On December 27, 1899 a territorial meeting of Oklahoma socialists was held in a hall located above the old post office building in Oklahoma City, with 32 delegates representing 10 of the state's 23 counties in attendance. A committee was established to investigate establishing a socialist newspaper for the territory. The gathering was addressed by Prof. William Gibbs, an African-American teacher from Guthrie on "The Relation of the Negro to Socialism." A 14-member permanent territorial socialist committee was established, including both white and black members, and H.E. Farnsworth of Newkirk was selected as Territorial Secretary. The decision was made to remain independent of any national organization until some plan of union of the dissident Socialist Labor Party headed by Henry Slobodin and Morris Hillquit and the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party of Victor L. Berger and Eugene V. Debs could be effected. The name "Socialist Party of Oklahoma" was adopted until such time that national affiliation could be concluded. Organized in August 1901, the Socialist Party of America further carried on the legacy of the Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party. Although nominally a Marxist party based upon the idea of organization of the working class, in Oklahoma the impoverished and exploited small-holders and tenant farmers were seen as a sort of "substitute proletariat" by Socialist activists. One prominent party organizer, Oscar Ameringer, declared after his extensive travels throughout the state that "Oklahoma farmers' standard of living was so far below the sweatshop workers of the New York east side that comparison should not be thought of." Such farmers were "as wretched a set of slaves as ever walked the face of the earth, anywhere or at any time," Ameringer opined. Growth The Socialist Party of Oklahoma took its biggest steps forward in size and influence as the first decade of the 20th century came to a close, with the decline of the Farmers' Union opened the door for the Socialists organizationally. In 1908 the party for the first time attempted to mobilize tenant farmers through inclusion of "land planks" in the electoral platform. The Oklahoma effort was aided by Julius Wayland and his widely circulated weekly, The Appeal to Reason, which published a special Oklahoma edition in 1908. The party's effort were rewarded, with Socialist candidates in the poorest cotton-growing areas of the state garnering the party's highest level of voter support. In certain counties the Socialist Presidential ticket of Eugene V. Debs and Ben Hanford drew a quarter of the votes cast. Statewide, the Debs-Hanford ticket won 21,425 votes — just short of 8.5% of the total ballots cast. The final departure of the People's Party from the political scene after the 1908 election further broadened Socialist horizons. At the time of the 1908 campaign an astonishing 375 locals of the Socialist Party were scattered across the state of Oklahoma, working in support of candidates in 5 Congressional Districts, 12 State Senatorial Districts, and 35 Assembly Districts. The SPO maintained a corps of 15 traveling organizers in the field, with no fewer than 4 of these on tour at any one time. A movement was begun for the establishment of a Socialist daily newspaper in Oklahoma City. The Socialists further advanced their demand for "constant enlargement of the public domain" on behalf of tenant farmers during the next election cycle. Oklahoma Socialists attempted to push the wage-labor-oriented Socialist Party to pass an agricultural program at its 1910 "National Congress," aided by Midwesterners Algie M. Simons and Kate Richards O'Hare. The agriculturally oriented Oklahoma party's call for the expansion of state ownership of farmland for the benefit of landless tenants, funded by stringent taxes upon land speculators, went unheeded. The party was notable for its support for equal rights for African-Americans: it led opposition to the state's 1910 ballot initiative on a grandfather clause to prevent blacks from voting, with Ameringer writing the ballot argument against it. The party's 1912 platform stated that "safety and advancement of the working class depends upon its solidarity and class consciousness. Those who would engender or foster race hatred or animosity between the white and black sections of the working class are the enemies of both". This stance earned the party support from key black leaders in the state. In 1911, Oscar Ameringer made a major push into politics running for mayor of Oklahoma City. He gathered twenty-three percent of the vote. In 1912, the Oklahoma Socialist Party voted to abolish the Oklahoma Pioneer as its official newspaper and a year later recalled Ameringer from his seat on the National Executive Committee. In 1931, Ameringer returned to Oklahoma and founded the American Guardian, which remained in circulation until 1942. The rise of the party in Oklahoma was accompanied by a degree of factional tension, with its rank and file being dominated by the left-wing "Reds" who supported a decentralized form of organization, and its most prominent leaders including social democratic "Yellows" such as Ameringer and Otto Branstetter who wanted to implement more centralized structures along the lines of those established by Victor Berger in Milwaukee. Ameringer and Branstetter were removed from their roles in the state party in 1913 as a result of factional infighting. In 1914, the SPO had over 800 locals and over 175 elected officials, including six state legislators - the second largest caucus of Socialist state legislators in the country, after Wisconsin. In that year's gubernatorial election, Socialist candidate Fred W. Holt took 20 percent of the vote. In the mid-1910s the party claimed around 10,000 members, giving it the highest membership per capita of any state affiliate of the Socialist Party. In the aftermath of the 1914 campaign, one friendly analyst offered reasons for the growth and success of the Socialist Party in the state: "The first is the intelligence of the Oklahoma farmer, who reads a great deal, and the constant political agitation in Oklahoma, giving him an opportunity to hear the political situation discussed. He has discovered that he is not getting a square deal. Another reason for the gain of the Socialist vote and the loss of the Democratic vote in Oklahoma is the revolt against the corrupt conditions in Oklahoma politics." While nationally the Democratic Party made inroads among progressive voters in 1916 behind Presidential nominee Woodrow Wilson and his anti-interventionist campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out of War," the Socialist Party retained substantial support in the cotton- and wheat-growing regions of Oklahoma. In the November 1916 elections Socialists maintaining at least a 20% share of the vote in 22 counties, with the percentage in some rural precincts hitting the 50% mark. The Socialist presidential ticket headed by Allan L. Benson gained 15% of the state vote, nearly equalling the 16% cast for Eugene V. Debs by Oklahoma voters in the previous election. Socialist encampments One particularly effective technique in building the socialist movement in Oklahoma surrounded the use of Socialist encampments, camping excursions in the countryside patterned off Protestant revival meetings and used previously in the state by the populist movement. In his 1940 memoir veteran socialist Oscar Ameringer remembered the Oklahoma encampments at length: "These encampments were lineal descendants of the religious and Populist camp meetings of former days. They usually lasted a full week. The audience came in covered wagons from as far as 70 miles around. We furnished water, firewood, and toilet facilities. The pilgrims brought their own commissary, cooked, ate, and slept on the ground or in their covered wagons. Besides a large circus tent, we carried cooking and sleeping tents for the crew. Expenses were defrayed from collections taken at meetings and funds raised by chambers of commerce in the nearest trading centers... "These encampments were attended by an average of 5,000 people, and they meant business. Furthermore, they were welcome because they brought customers together and stimulated business.... "In the course of the encampment we often arranged horseback parades through the town proper. Many of the younger people had arrived on horseback. Others rode the horses and mules of their covered wagons. A few thousand men riding through a town of perhaps not twice that many inhabitants looked like the migration of nations. Or at least it looked as though the social revolution were just around the corner..." Question and answer sessions, educational lectures by prominent orators such as Eugene V. Debs, Walter Thomas Mills, and Kate Richards O'Hare, singing and instrumental music, and discussions around the campfire marked these Socialist encampments. In the process converts to the socialist cause made and the spirit of believers fortified. In 1915, over 200 encampments were held, with the largest hosting up to 10,000 participants. Decline Threats of violence against Socialists began in Oklahoma in 1916. The drive towards American intervention in Mexico against Pancho Villa inflamed patriotic sentiments throughout the Southwest, causing an anti-Socialist editor to opine of one local Socialist of purportedly pro-Mexican sympathies that "such a man does not deserve the protection of the American government" and hint broadly of a popular desire for a lynching rope. A Socialist newspaper editor was driven from his home after stating a desire that any American who invaded Mexico should be buried there. The editor of the Marshall County News-Democrat threw more gasoline on the fire, condemning the Socialist opposition as "lying reprobates and degenerate libertines" who should "all be driven from the American continent." With American entry into World War I, the rhetoric and the stakes were raised yet again, with the Democratic state government of Oklahoma establishing a state-level organization to promote the aims and policies of the national military effort, the Oklahoma Council of Defense. This group of wealthy citizens and community leaders launched a coordinated campaign against the "dangerous" internationalist and pacifist ideas of the Socialist movement. Local councils committed acts of violence against dissidents, including the use of tar and feathers, application of yellow paint, and flogging. The Green Corn Rebellion The Socialist Party opposed World War I, and came under fierce attacks for being unpatriotic. Oklahoma suffered from widespread Germanophobia, which saw the cities of Kiel, Bismark, and Korn were renamed Loyal, Wright, and Corn, respectively. In late 1917, the leadership of the Oklahoma Socialist Party disbanded the state party, in the tumultuous aftermath of the failed Green Corn Rebellion, for which Socialists and Wobblies were blamed. However, this decision was contested by many rank and file as being illegal under party rules. Reorganization of 1928 Throughout the 1920s the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, formerly one of the strongest state divisions of the SPA, virtually vanished from the political landscape. Only a small handful of at large members remained on the party's membership rolls, with all locals and the state organization discontinued. In February 1928 effort on the part of the SPA's National Office in Chicago began to be exerted to reestablish the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, with the state's at large members reached via mail with a view to the calling of a state conference in Oklahoma City prior to the party's national convention late in the spring. Around March 1, 1928 a formal call was issued for a reorganizational convention of the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, with a view to nomination of a full party ticket for the November elections in the state. The gathering, held in Musicians Hall in Oklahoma City, was freely delegated and open to "all party members and all those who expect to join before the date of the convention, or even at the beginning of the convention." Socialist Party observers optimistically predicted the rapid growth of the new Socialist Party of Oklahoma as soon as the reorganization had taken place. The reorganizational convention was attended by 40 delegates from around the state. National Secretary of the Socialist Party William H. Henry was named chairman of the convention and Oklahoma Socialist Party veteran Freda Hogan was elected secretary. The gathering elected a new 7-member State Committee and chose Myrtle Blackwell of Oklahoma City as the temporary State Secretary until such time that a permanent State Secretary could be elected. Two delegates were elected to the forthcoming 1928 National Convention on behalf of the newly reorganized Oklahoma state party. Prominent members Oscar Ameringer Otto Branstetter Winnie Branstetter Ida Hayman Callery J. Tad Crumbie R.E. Dooley Orville E. Enfield Sydney W. Hill Charles Henry Ingham David C. Kirkpatrick Thomas Henry McLemore Patrick S. Nagle N. D. Pritchett H.H. Stallard Thomas W. Woodrow G. E. Wilson Socialist and radical newspapers published in Oklahoma {\| class="wikitable" border="3" \|- ! Publication ! Town ! County ! Dates Published \|- \| align="center" \| The Agitator \| align="center" \| Sayre \| align="center" \| Beckham \| align="center" \| 1913–191? \|- \| align="center" \| Beckham County Advocate \| align="center" \| Carter \| align="center" \| Beckham \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Berlin Herald \| align="center" \| Berlin \| align="center" \| Roger Mills \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Boswell Submarine \| align="center" \| Boswell \| align="center" \| Choctaw \| align="center" \| 1912–1915 \|- \| align="center" \| The Bugle \| align="center" \| Oklahoma City \| align="center" \| Oklahoma \| align="center" \| April 1922- Jan. 1924 \|- \| align="center" \| Cleo Chieftain \| align="center" \| Cleo Springs \| align="center" \| Major \| align="center" \| 1895–1942 \|- \| align="center" \| Durant Independent Farmer \| align="center" \| Durant \| align="center" \| Bryan \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Ellis County Socialist \| align="center" \| Shattuck \| align="center" \| Ellis \| align="center" \| 1914–1917 \|- \| align="center" \| Farmers' Union Advocate \| align="center" \| Ardmore \| align="center" \| Carter \| align="center" \| 1908–1909 \|- \| align="center" \| Grant County Socialist \| align="center" \| Medford \| align="center" \| Grant \| align="center" \| 1912–191? \|- \| align="center" \| Hammon Advocate \| align="center" \| Hammon \| align="center" \| Roger Mills \| align="center" \| 1911–1969 \|- \| align="center" \| Indiahoma Union Signal \| align="center" \| Shawnee \| align="center" \| Pottawatomie \| align="center" \| 1905–190? \|- \| align="center" \| Industrial Democrat \| align="center" \| Oklahoma City \| align="center" \| Oklahoma \| align="center" \| Jan.–Nov. 1910 \|- \| align="center" \| Johnston County Socialist \| align="center" \| Tishomingo \| align="center" \| Johnston \| align="center" \| 191?–191? \|- \| align="center" \| Kay County Populist \| align="center" \| Newkirk \| align="center" \| Kay \| align="center" \| 189?–190? \|- \| align="center" \| Kiowa Breeze \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| Kiowa \| align="center" \| 1901–190? \|- \| align="center" \| Madill Socialist-Herald \| align="center" \| Madill \| align="center" \| Marshall \| align="center" \| 1911–1912 \|- \| align="center" \| Musings of the Old Cuss \| align="center" \| Sayre \| align="center" \| Beckham \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| New Century \| align="center" \| Sulphur \| align="center" \| Murray \| align="center" \| Jan. 1911–June 1913 \|- \| align="center" \| Newkirk Populist \| align="center" \| Newkirk \| align="center" \| Kay \| align="center" \| 1894–189? \|- \| align="center" \| Oklahoma Leader \| align="center" \| Oklahoma City \| align="center" \| Oklahoma \| align="center" \| May 1918–Feb. 1928 \|- \| align="center" \| Oklahoma Pioneer \| align="center" \| Oklahoma City \| align="center" \| Oklahoma \| align="center" \| Jan. 1910–March 1913 \|- \| align="center" \| Oklahoma Socialist \| align="center" \| Newkirk \| align="center" \| Kay \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Otter Valley Socialist \| align="center" \| Snyder \| align="center" \| Kiowa \| align="center" \| Jan. 1915–May 1918 \|- \| align="center" \| Roger Mills Sentinel \| align="center" \| Cheyenne \| align="center" \| Roger Mills \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Sayre Citizen \| align="center" \| Sayre \| align="center" \| Beckham \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Sayre Social Democrat \| align="center" \| Sayre \| align="center" \| Beckham \| align="center" \| Feb.–May 1912 \|- \| align="center" \| Sentinel Sword of Truth \| align="center" \| Sentinel \| align="center" \| Washita \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Sledge Hammer \| align="center" \| Okemah \| align="center" \| Okfuskee \| align="center" \| June 1913–Oct. 1914 \|- \| align="center" \| Social Democrat \| align="center" \| Oklahoma City \| align="center" \| Oklahoma \| align="center" \| Jan. 1913–Jan. 1914 \|- \| align="center" \| Socialist Herald \| align="center" \| Madill \| align="center" \| Marshall \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Strong City Herald \| align="center" \| Strong City \| align="center" \| Roger Mills \| align="center" \| 1914–1918 \|- \| align="center" \| Taloga Times \| align="center" \| Taloga \| align="center" \| Dewey \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Tenant Farmer \| align="center" \| Kingfisher \| align="center" \| Kingfisher \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Union Review \| align="center" \| Ardmore \| align="center" \| Carter \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Woodrow's Monthly \| align="center" \| Hobart \| align="center" \| Kiowa \| align="center" \| \|- \| align="center" \| Woods County Constructive Socialist \| align="center" \| Alva \| align="center" \| Woods \| align="center" \| \|- \|} Sources: Jim Bissett, Agrarian Socialism in America, pp. 242-243; Burbank, When Farmers Voted Red, pp. 210-211. SPO average paid memberships {\| class="wikitable" border="3" \|- ! Year ! Average Paid Membership ! Exempt Members ! National SPA Membership \|- ! align="center" \| 1901 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 4,759 paid (of 7,629) \|- ! align="center" \| 1902 \| align="center" \| 75 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 9,949 \|- ! align="center" \| 1903 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 15,975 \|- ! align="center" \| 1904 \| align="center" \| 145 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 20,763 \|- ! align="center" \| 1905 \| align="center" \| 505 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 23,327 \|- ! align="center" \| 1906 \| align="center" \| 1,031 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 26,784 \|- ! align="center" \| 1907 \| align="center" \| 1,542 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 29,270 \|- ! align="center" \| 1908 \| align="center" \| 2,243 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 41,751 \|- ! align="center" \| 1909 \| align="center" \| 1,858 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 41,470 \|- ! align="center" \| 1910 \| align="center" \| 5,842 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 58,011 \|- ! align="center" \| 1911 \| align="center" \| 4,067 \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 84,716 \|- ! align="center" \| 1912 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| n/a \| align="center" \| 118,045 \|- ! align="center" \| 1913 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 95,957 \|- ! align="center" \| 1914 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 93,579 \|- ! align="center" \| 1915 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 79,374 \|- ! align="center" \| 1916 \| align="center" \| 9,369 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 83,284 \|- ! align="center" \| 1917 \| align="center" \| 3,303 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 80,379 \|- ! align="center" \| 1918 \| align="center" \| 3,840 (first 6 mos.) \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 82,344 \|- ! align="center" \| 1919 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 104,822 \|- ! align="center" \| 1920 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 26,766 \|- ! align="center" \| 1921 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 13,484 \|- ! align="center" \| 1922 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 11,019 \|- ! align="center" \| 1923 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 10,662 \|- ! align="center" \| 1924 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 10,125 \|- ! align="center" \| 1925 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 8,558 \|- ! align="center" \| 1926 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 8,392 \|- ! align="center" \| 1927 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 7,425 \|- ! align="center" \| 1928 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 7,793 \|- ! align="center" \| 1929 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 9,560 \|- ! align="center" \| 1930 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 9,736 \|- ! align="center" \| 1931 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 10,389 \|- ! align="center" \| 1932 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 16,863 \|- ! align="center" \| 1933 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 18,548 \|- ! align="center" \| 1934 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 20,951 \|- ! align="center" \| 1935 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 19,121 \|- ! align="center" \| 1936 \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| \| align="center" \| 11,922 \|- \|} Sources: Carl D. Thompson, "The Rising Tide of Socialism," The Socialist (Columbus, OH), Aug. 12, 1911, pg. 2; St. Louis Labor, Feb. 22, 1902, pg. 5; "Dues Paid Last Year," The Worker, March 22, 1903, pg. 4; Socialist Party Official Bulletin and successors, Executive Secretary state-by-state membership summaries, January issues; 1909 figure from Socialist Party Official Bulletin, April 1910, pg. 4;"Socialist Party Official Membership Series", (1932). Report to 1937 Convention, cited in "Socialist Party of America Annual Membership Figures," Early American Marxism website. "Exempt" members denote those receiving special dispensation from the state office due to unemployment starting 1913. Adoloph Germer, Report of Executive Secretary to the National Executive Committee: Chicago, Illinois — Aug. 8, 1918, pp. 5-6. See also Socialist Party of Missouri Socialist Party of North Dakota Socialist Party of Oregon Socialist Party of Washington Social-Democratic Party of Wisconsin Footnotes Further reading Oscar Ameringer, If You Don't Weaken. New York: Henry Holt, 1940. Jim Bissett, Agrarian Socialism in America: Marx, Jefferson, and Jesus in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1904-1920. (1999). Red River Books Edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. Jim Bissett, "Socialism from the Bottom Up: Local Activists and the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, 1900-1920," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 82, no. 4 (2003), pp. 388–411. Garin Burbank, "Agrarian Radicals and Their Opponents: Political Conflict in Southern Oklahoma, 1910-1924," Journal of American History, vol. 58, no. 1 (June 1971), pp. 5–23. in JSTOR Garin Burbank, "Agrarian Socialism in Saskatchewan and Oklahoma: Short-Run Radicalism, Long-Run Conservatism," Agricultural History, vol. 51, no. 1 (Jan. 1977), pp. 173–180. in JSTOR Garin Burbank, "The Disruption and Decline of the Oklahoma Socialist Party," Journal of American Studies, vol. 7, no. 2 (Aug. 1973), pp. 133–152. in JSTOR Garin Burbank, When Farmers Voted Red: The Gospel of Socialism in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1910-1924. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976. Charles Bush, "The Green Corn Rebellion." Master's thesis. University of Oklahoma, 1932. R.O. Joe Cassity, Jr., "The Political Career of Patrick S. Nagle: 'Champion of the Underdog,'" Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 64 (1986), pp. 48–67. Von Russell Creel, "Socialists in the House: The Oklahoma Experience," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 70 (1992–93), pp. 144–183; 258-301. James H. Fowler II, "Tar and Feather Patriotism: The Suppression of Dissent in Oklahoma During World War One," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 56 (1978–79), pp. 409–430. Danney Goble, Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980. Lawrence Goodwyn, "The Cooperative Commonwealth and Other Abstractions: In Search of a Democratic Premise," Marxist Perspectives, vol. 3 (1980), pp. 8–42. Lawrence Goodwyn, Democratic Promise: The Populist Movement in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Donald Graham, "Red, White and Black: An Interpretation of Ethnic and Racial Attitudes of Agrarian Radicals in Texas and Oklahoma, 1880-1920." Master's thesis. University of Saskatchewan, 1983. James R. Green, Grass Roots Socialism: Radical Movements in the Southwest, 1895-1943. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1978. Roger Horne, "The Christian Socialism of Thomas W. Woodrow," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 66 (1988), pp. 240–267. Howard L. Meredith, "Agrarian Socialism and the Negro in Oklahoma, 1900-1918," Labor History, vol. 11, no. 3 (Summer 1970), pp. 277–284. Howard L. Meredith, A History of the Socialist Party in Oklahoma. PhD dissertation. University of Oklahoma, 1970. Worth Robert Miller, Oklahoma Populism: A History of the People's Party in the Oklahoma Territory. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987. Donald Kenneth Pickens, "The Principles and Programs of Oklahoma Socialism, 1900-1918." Master's thesis. University of Oklahoma, 1957. Virginia Pope, "The Green Corn Rebellion: A Case Study in Newspaper Self-Censorship." Master's thesis. Oklahoma A&M University, 1940. W.E. Reynolds, "Capturing Political Power in Oklahoma," International Socialist Review, vol. 17, no. 7 (January 1917), pp. 416–417. Ellen I. Rosen, Peasant Socialism in America? The Socialist Party in Oklahoma Before the First World War. PhD dissertation. City University of New York, 1975. Nick Salvatore, "Americans as Radicals," Radical History Review, no. 24 (Fall 1980), pp. 142–152. Nigel Anthony Sellars, Oil, Wheat, and Wobblies: The Industrial Workers of the World in Oklahoma, 1905-1930. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. David A. Shannon, The Socialist Party of America: A History. New York: Macmillan, 1955. John Thompson, Closing the Frontier: Radical Responses in Oklahoma, 1889-1923. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. James Weinstein, The Decline of Socialism in America, 1912-1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967. J.O. Welday, "The Socialist Party in Oklahoma," Oklahoma Graphic [Oklahoma City], v. 1, no. 2 (Feb. 1915), pp. 11–12. Terry Paul Wilson, "The Demise of Populism in Oklahoma Territory," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 43, no. 3 (Fall 1965), pp. 265–274. External links Jim Bissett, "Socialist Party," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, www.okhistory.org/ 2009. Political parties in Oklahoma Oklahoma Oklahoma Oklahoma 1901 establishments in Oklahoma Territory	[ 464, 21773, 3615, 286, 10433, 373, 257, 10663, 12, 2306, 38175, 17375, 286, 262, 21773, 3615, 286, 2253, 5140, 287, 262, 2520, 14197, 1181, 286, 10433, 13, 1881, 286, 262, 938, 2585, 6848, 284, 262, 4479, 11, 262, 1989, 1568, 16560, 656, 10433, 550, 587, 4271, 973, 329, 24722, 284, 543, 17673, 12547, 1605, 9684, 547, 27434, 11, 351, 262, 1989, 15832, 9086, 706, 31982, 656, 734, 12066, 851, 281, 366, 18690, 9802, 25219, 1, 287, 262, 2688, 290, 281, 366, 30821, 25219, 1, 287, 262, 3687, 13, 198, 198, 818, 3035, 49545, 617, 362, 1510, 16051, 286, 555, 562, 3916, 8604, 287, 262, 2003, 10433, 25219, 547, 4721, 510, 284, 1729, 12, 31272, 1605, 9443, 287, 262, 717, 286, 257, 2168, 286, 10433, 1956, 4539, 13, 9666, 3898, 416, 14510, 287, 281, 1690, 11859, 4258, 11, 262, 10433, 25219, 373, 287, 428, 2278, 530, 286, 262, 938, 44192, 1091, 276, 2166, 3183, 286, 262, 29843, 1578, 1829, 13, 2080, 262, 7915, 3773, 13354, 416, 262, 4858, 3034, 1176, 286, 1049, 6787, 21372, 290, 1588, 3176, 12066, 11, 281, 29520, 286, 556, 81, 3699, 7702, 1042, 4166, 1871, 867, 286, 10433, 338, 5057, 12, 40372, 290, 35014, 1402, 12, 19216, 9818, 13, 45090, 517, 416, 4158, 28866, 273, 621, 416, 26305, 12959, 11, 8904, 9004, 286, 262, 4380, 338, 3615, 290, 663, 19657, 17270, 11, 262, 21773, 3615, 39388, 6071, 422, 262, 10433, 9260, 13, 198, 198, 1722, 262, 717, 5707, 286, 262, 1160, 400, 4289, 9859, 284, 257, 1969, 11, 262, 21773, 3615, 286, 10433, 373, 530, 286, 262, 749, 11410, 1181, 5745, 286, 262, 2260, 2151, 11, 13977, 262, 1104, 286, 3016, 530, 287, 1936, 10433, 4446, 290, 46913, 5871, 284, 2607, 287, 2972, 1957, 274, 1088, 262, 1181, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 14166, 373, 3940, 416, 257, 13076, 11, 2158, 13, 383, 3098, 12, 76, 6392, 34566, 12046, 2077, 416, 262, 21773, 3615, 3371, 2159, 1810, 314, 373, 7744, 24166, 351, 867, 286, 262, 4009, 338, 4143, 33453, 10016, 2151, 1866, 290, 29579, 28094, 290, 3360, 6590, 12737, 416, 1854, 287, 262, 2055, 13, 554, 2932, 24168, 257, 4054, 6936, 9960, 319, 2669, 11, 6257, 12086, 284, 2106, 355, 262, 3469, 11424, 34848, 11, 8389, 416, 257, 1957, 7702, 4009, 1969, 284, 262, 19034, 16847, 286, 262, 2159, 11, 373, 13772, 319, 262, 5483, 1023, 13, 383, 4858, 1171, 11616, 543, 3940, 12053, 262, 41928, 286, 262, 1181, 4009, 13, 2750, 14062, 8389, 40407, 287, 10433, 550, 587, 2048, 3190, 42774, 13, 198, 198, 32, 48525, 10433, 1181, 15889, 4009, 373, 302, 27718, 287, 35768, 290, 6348, 6454, 1141, 262, 717, 2063, 286, 262, 15533, 82, 1141, 262, 812, 286, 262, 3878, 22483, 13, 198, 198, 26121, 22684, 2106, 198, 198, 21756, 198, 198, 464, 366, 18690, 9802, 8604, 1, 851, 262, 2104, 2003, 1181, 286, 10433, 351, 262, 6631, 286, 262, 7135, 8830, 3425, 28144, 851, 547, 717, 900, 7263, 355, 257, 2524, 284, 543, 12547, 1605, 9684, 547, 284, 307, 27434, 422, 511, 34843, 3488, 417, 1746, 287, 262, 45440, 82, 13, 632, 373, 612, 326, 262, 523, 12, 7174, 366, 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17166354	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Decided%20%28song%29	I Decided (song)	"I Decided" is a song by American recording artist Solange Knowles. It was written and composed by Knowles and producer Pharrell Williams for her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008). The song samples hand-claps of the 1964 recording "Where Did Our Love Go", as performed by The Supremes, and is also based on the melody of "(Love Is Like a) Heat Wave" (1963) by Martha and the Vandellas. It was released as the album's lead single as a digital download to both iTunes and Amazon on April 22, 2008 (see 2008 in music), and was impacted to rhythmic/crossover radio stations on June 24, 2008. A remix version of the song, entitled "I Decided (Part 2)", produced by British band Freemasons was released as the first single in Europe, where the song entered the top 30 of the UK Singles Chart. The track reached the number-one spot on the US Billboard Hot Singles Sales, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales, Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot Dance Club Play charts. Music video The video was shot in April 2008 and directed by Melina Matsoukas and Solange as it shows pop culture imagery from the 1960s, shows the 1970s, then 1980s to the future. It displays Solange in settings from American Bandstand, to the Civil Rights Movement, to Soul Train, to MTV, and finally a "Cosmic Journey" future. It is set in a pop art form. As of January 15, 2018, on YouTube the original version has been watched more than 4,190,000 times. The shortened video for "I Decided, Pt. 2" has been watched more than 423,000 times. The video debuted at #4 on MTV's TRL. On BET J it appeared at #17 on the year-end Last Call 2008! Top 50 Countdown. Chart performance The song debuted on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 44 in the Billboard issue dated July 5, 2008. The song also debuted at number one on the Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales charts and debuted at number two on the Hot Singles Sales chart. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 6 on R&B Singles Chart on August 17, 2008. In its second and third weeks the song fell to numbers 7, and 9. In its fourth and fifth weeks the song fell to number 12 and number 14. In its sixth week the song fell to number 18 and became a non-mover until falling in its eighth week to number 22. In its ninth week the song dropped to number 32. The song spent a total of 10 weeks on the UK R&B Singles Chart before leaving the chart on October 19, 2008 charting finally at number 36. The song debuted at 27 on the UK Singles Chart. The song spent a total of four weeks on the UK Singles Chart, charting at numbers 32, 58 and 95 in its second, third, and fourth weeks. The song sold 20,000 in UK. Track listing and formats Digital Download "I Decided" - 4:16 Pt. 1 Instrumental Version "I Decided, Pt. 1" (Instrumental) - 4:17 Pt. 2 Instrumental Version "I Decided, Pt. 2" ((Freemasons Remix) [Instrumental]) - 4:02 Remixes - EP "I Decided" (Freemasons Radio) - 3:48 "I Decided" (Moto Blanco Edit) - 3:39 "I Decided" (Mr. Mig Radio) - 4:44 "I Decided" (Azza Extended) - 4:55 King Britt FiveSix Mix Single "I Decided" (King Britt FiveSix Mix) - 7:01 Charts Release history References External links SolangeMusic.com — official site 2008 singles Solange Knowles songs Song recordings produced by the Neptunes Music videos directed by Melina Matsoukas Songs written by Pharrell Williams Songs written by Solange Knowles 2008 songs Geffen Records singles	[ 1, 40, 4280, 1384, 1, 318, 257, 3496, 416, 1605, 8296, 6802, 4294, 858, 9365, 829, 13, 632, 373, 3194, 290, 13160, 416, 9365, 829, 290, 9920, 1380, 47769, 6484, 329, 607, 1218, 8034, 5062, 4294, 12, 33246, 290, 262, 11161, 1636, 520, 13, 21527, 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17166370	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaak%20van%20Wijck	Jaak van Wijck	Jacobus Johannes Wilhelmus (Jaak) van Wijck (September 11, 1870 in Ginneken, Netherlands – June 3, 1946 in Antwerp, Belgium) was a Dutch landscape painter of locations on the Kalmthoutse Heide (De Kempen) close to Antwerp, and also at Ginneken, a village close to Breda, where he painted the river De Mark along with other landmarks. As a student of the "Stedelijk Tekeninstituut", located in the city Breda, he received several awards. More later, on the "Koninklijke Academie voor Schoone Kunsten" in Antwerp and the "Hooger Gesticht" there, he was notable again by winning prizes, e.g. in 1895, when he was awarded with two particular medals "on behalf of Léopold II Roi des Belges". In 1903, shortly after his studies in Breda, he showed his work at the famous "Salon Triennal des Beaux-Arts" in Brussels. He also displayed his art in several salons in Antwerp. In addition to his work as an independent artist, Van Wijck manufactured glass in lead with his partner Jozef Gussenhoven, in the Vinkenstraat in Antwerp often in Jugendstil/Art Deco. Art direction Van Wijck is known for his work as a landscape painter, outside painter (pleinairisme), Flemish and Jugendstil. He was a member of the large Antwerp artist association "De Scalden", later on also of "WIJ" and "Eigen Vorming". He became a very active board member of the - now "Royal" - "Vereeniging voor Natuur- en Stedenschoon" in which his wife Reine van Wijck-Schoeters also played a prominent role as chairperson of the ladies' committee. He made portraits and drawings during his time at the Academy in Antwerp. He also experimented with waterpainting and postermaking. Painted locations In Flanders: "De Kalmthoutse Heide" (among other things the Putse Moer, Peerdsbosch, Brasschaat), a pond of earl Vilain XIV (at Kruibeke), Turnhout, De Laarsche beek, De Liereman, Schelle, Schilde, Meerseldreef, Massenhoven (Viersel) Lammerenberg and the river De Schelde, and in Antwerp and its immediate surroundings. In the Netherlands (North Brabant): Ginneken (Breda), the river De Mark, Bouvigne castle, Ulvenhout and Woensel (Eindhoven). Most of these locations are situated near Ginneken (Breda), the place where he was born, and in De Kempen (Flanders and North Brabant) close to Antwerp, where he spent the largest part of his life. He painted there during several seasons and focused on the nature setting including woods, heathland landscapes, farms, moors, orchards, mills, riversights, birds, flowers and interieurs. Museums Some important works of Jaak van Wijck are exhibited in museums in Belgium and The Netherlands including the "het Archief en Museum voor Vlaamse Cultuur (AMCV)" in Antwerp (Belgium), the "Breda's Museum" in Breda (the Netherlands) and in Museum Kempenland, Eindhoven (The Netherlands). Most of his work is privately owned by individuals living in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany and the United States. Some of his works were sold in auction by Christie's and Campo&Campo in Antwerp. His family has established, with collaboration of some experts, a catalogue of approx. 235 paintings of Jaak van Wijck as well as a description of his life, history and personality. Based on this catalogue, an Internet site has been composed containing a limited selection of his works of art. The family is actively in search of more works from Jaak van Wijck. Literature "the Belgian artists from the 19th and 20th centuries", Piron, Paul; Bruxelles 1999. 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17166380	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91u%20Guas%C3%BA%20Park	Ñu Guasú Park	The Ñu Guasú Park (Spanish: Parque Ñu Guasú) is an urban park located in Luque, in the Greater Asuncion area, in Paraguay, near the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport. It was turned into a recreational park covering 25 hectares. It is maintained through the Communications and Public Constructions Ministry of Paraguay, through the Public Constructions Direction, dependent of the Vice-Ministry. Ñu Guasú Park has a 5-kilometer walking/jogging path and a 1.2 kilometer bicycle path. It also has soccer, volleyball, basketball, and tennis facilities. There is no fee charged to enter the park. History 2000s In November 2001, the Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo kidnapped María Edith Bordón de Debernardi at the park. In March 2003, former model Mariángela Martinez Houstin was kidnapped at the Park. In March 2005, a worker of Paraguay's Embassy in Buenos Aires was robbed at the parking lot site of the Park. In September 2008, a fire destroyed a small part of the grass at the Parque Ñu Guazú. In October 2008, the Gran Corrida Americana run was disputed at the Parque Ñu Guazú to help Paraguay's Chaco. In November 2008, the first WWF volunteer tree planting day was held at the park. In 2009, the Bosque de la Memoria was launched. 2020s On 5 April 2021, the Parque Ñu Guazú re-opened its doors following the COVID-19 pandemic. References Parks in Paraguay Central Department Cross country running venues Luque	[ 464, 6184, 239, 84, 1962, 292, 21356, 3250, 357, 43584, 25, 2547, 4188, 6184, 239, 84, 1962, 292, 21356, 8, 318, 281, 7876, 3952, 5140, 287, 6026, 4188, 11, 287, 262, 18169, 1081, 19524, 295, 1989, 11, 287, 47268, 323, 11, 1474, 262, 4243, 85, 952, 350, 24851, 1214, 72, 4037, 12690, 13, 632, 373, 2900, 656, 257, 18136, 3952, 9505, 1679, 43025, 13, 632, 318, 9456, 832, 262, 14620, 290, 5094, 28407, 507, 9475, 286, 47268, 323, 11, 832, 262, 5094, 28407, 507, 41837, 11, 10795, 286, 262, 11079, 12, 9452, 4592, 13, 6184, 239, 84, 1962, 292, 21356, 3250, 468, 257, 642, 12, 34553, 15635, 6155, 14, 73, 30853, 3108, 290, 257, 352, 13, 17, 11866, 263, 17026, 3108, 13, 632, 635, 468, 11783, 11, 50196, 11, 9669, 11, 290, 20790, 7291, 13, 1318, 318, 645, 6838, 5047, 284, 3802, 262, 3952, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 198, 11024, 82, 198, 818, 3389, 5878, 11, 262, 412, 73, 2634, 6015, 10094, 1619, 350, 45749, 78, 47268, 323, 78, 23384, 1526, 29690, 1717, 342, 48335, 18840, 390, 1024, 33900, 22490, 379, 262, 3952, 13, 554, 2805, 5816, 11, 1966, 2746, 29423, 6557, 782, 10304, 20741, 367, 23968, 259, 373, 23384, 379, 262, 3250, 13, 554, 2805, 5075, 11, 257, 8383, 286, 47268, 323, 338, 23233, 287, 46210, 44692, 373, 26773, 379, 262, 7647, 1256, 2524, 286, 262, 3250, 13, 554, 2693, 3648, 11, 257, 2046, 6572, 257, 1402, 636, 286, 262, 8701, 379, 262, 2547, 4188, 6184, 239, 84, 1962, 1031, 21356, 13, 554, 3267, 3648, 11, 262, 17113, 2744, 81, 3755, 1605, 64, 1057, 373, 21941, 379, 262, 2547, 4188, 6184, 239, 84, 1962, 1031, 21356, 284, 1037, 47268, 323, 338, 609, 10602, 13, 554, 3389, 3648, 11, 262, 717, 43432, 13904, 5509, 26630, 1110, 373, 2714, 379, 262, 3952, 13, 554, 3717, 11, 262, 14548, 4188, 390, 8591, 4942, 7661, 373, 5611, 13, 198, 198, 42334, 82, 198, 2202, 642, 3035, 33448, 11, 262, 2547, 4188, 6184, 239, 84, 1962, 1031, 21356, 302, 12, 26350, 663, 8215, 1708, 262, 7375, 11008, 12, 1129, 19798, 5314, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 47, 5558, 287, 47268, 323, 198, 30645, 2732, 198, 21544, 1499, 2491, 22276, 198, 25596, 4188 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewickley%20High%20School	Sewickley High School	Sewickley High School is an historic American public school building that is located in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. History and architectural features This public school's roots can be traced back to 1834, when it was located in an old log church. In 1894, a new building for the school was built, and was named as the Richardson Romanesque Sewickley Public School, often affectionately called the "yellow brick" school. It served as Sewickley High School's location until 1926, when the school was moved to a new location on Harbaugh street and renamed as Sewickley High School. The old "yellow brick" building became Sewickley Elementary School, until it was razed in 1975. Sewickley High School became a popular rival of Leetsdale High School. The school closed in 1956 when the Quaker Valley School District was formed, and the building was converted to a junior high school, known as Quaker Valley Junior High. It was then changed to Quaker Valley Middle School in 1997. Since its closing, the building has undergone significant remodeling and has had two major additions. The "Sewickley High School" name still remains on the front entrance of the school. Schools in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Defunct schools in Pennsylvania 1834 establishments in Pennsylvania	[ 50, 413, 624, 1636, 3334, 3961, 318, 281, 9566, 1605, 1171, 1524, 2615, 326, 318, 5140, 287, 27347, 624, 1636, 11, 9589, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 290, 27070, 3033, 198, 1212, 1171, 1524, 338, 11135, 460, 307, 23246, 736, 284, 1248, 2682, 11, 618, 340, 373, 5140, 287, 281, 1468, 2604, 4928, 13, 554, 1248, 5824, 11, 257, 649, 2615, 329, 262, 1524, 373, 3170, 11, 290, 373, 3706, 355, 262, 21679, 3570, 7305, 4188, 27347, 624, 1636, 5094, 3961, 11, 1690, 17696, 1286, 1444, 262, 366, 36022, 17214, 1, 1524, 13, 632, 4983, 355, 27347, 624, 1636, 3334, 3961, 338, 4067, 1566, 38525, 11, 618, 262, 1524, 373, 3888, 284, 257, 649, 4067, 319, 39944, 4675, 290, 25121, 355, 27347, 624, 1636, 3334, 3961, 13, 198, 198, 464, 1468, 366, 36022, 17214, 1, 2615, 2627, 27347, 624, 1636, 25335, 3961, 11, 1566, 340, 373, 374, 13865, 287, 15231, 13, 220, 198, 198, 50, 413, 624, 1636, 3334, 3961, 2627, 257, 2968, 8976, 286, 1004, 1039, 14597, 3334, 3961, 13, 383, 1524, 4838, 287, 25190, 618, 262, 2264, 3110, 6916, 3961, 5665, 373, 7042, 11, 290, 262, 2615, 373, 11513, 284, 257, 13430, 1029, 1524, 11, 1900, 355, 2264, 3110, 6916, 20000, 3334, 13, 632, 373, 788, 3421, 284, 2264, 3110, 6916, 6046, 3961, 287, 8309, 13, 198, 198, 6385, 663, 9605, 11, 262, 2615, 468, 29900, 2383, 38977, 10809, 290, 468, 550, 734, 1688, 19885, 13, 383, 366, 50, 413, 624, 1636, 3334, 3961, 1, 1438, 991, 3793, 319, 262, 2166, 10384, 286, 262, 1524, 13, 198, 198, 26130, 82, 287, 26326, 47413, 3418, 11, 9589, 198, 7469, 16260, 4266, 287, 9589, 198, 1507, 2682, 33228, 287, 9589 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17166424	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciril%20Kotnik	Ciril Kotnik	Ciril Kotnik (20 December 1895 – 29 June 1948) was a Yugoslav diplomat of Slovene ethnicity. He was born in Ljubljana, then part the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to Carinthian Slovene parents. He attended the Ljubljana Classical Gymnasium, where he became a member of the radical student association Preporod ("Rebirth"), which advocated the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the creation of a common state for all South Slavic peoples. At the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, Kotnik volunteered in the Serbian army. After the war, he was awarded the Karadjordje's star, one of the highest military awards in the Kingdom of Serbia. After the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918, Kotnik was included in the diplomatic service of the new state. He was sent to Rome, where he worked at the Yugoslav embassy to the Kingdom of Italy. He lived and worked in Rome for more than two decades and married a local woman, Maria Tommassetti. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Yugoslav embassy was closed down and its personnel dismissed. Kotnik was put into house arrest in his home in Rome. At the end of 1941, the Royal Yugoslav Government-in-Exile decided to include Kotnik in the Yugoslav diplomatic delegation to the Holy See. He maintained close contacts with the Yugoslav government in London, the monarchist resistance movement of general Draža Mihajlović, but was hostile to the Communist-led Yugoslav partisans of Josip Broz Tito. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, Kotnik took advantage of his position of ambassador to the Holy See in order to help many anti-fascists and Jews to escape Nazi German persecution. During this time, he established contacts with the political activist Janko Kralj, and Slovene emigrant from Gorizia, who also helped many anti-Nazis and Jews to escape persecution. On October 28, 1943, the Nazis arrested Kotnik and jailed him in the prison on Via Tasso. He was submitted to heavy torture, but did not reveal his sources. After the war, he collaborated with the Slovene political emigrants Miha Krek and Ivan Ahčin in helping Slovene refugees fleeing from Socialist Yugoslavia. Kotnik died in 1948 because of the lesions suffered under torture. In 2007, members of the Jewish community of Rome proposed to erect a monument in his memory. Ciril Kotnik was the cousin of the Slovene philologian and literary historian Franc Kotnik and of the linguist Janko Kotnik. His half-brother is the missionary Jaroslav Kotnik from Trieste. He had three daughters, including the Italian Canadian journalist Dara Kotnik Mancini and Ivanka Kotnik, mother of the Italian politician Walter Veltroni, former Mayor of Rome and former president of the Democratic Party. Sources Ivo Jevnikar: Il nonno sloveno di Walter Veltroni Walter Veltroni, La bella politica (Milano: Rizzoli, 1996). 1895 births 1948 deaths Diplomats from Ljubljana Slovenian Roman Catholics People of Carinthian Slovene descent Diplomats from Rome Torture victims	[ 34, 343, 346, 21702, 17187, 357, 1238, 3426, 46425, 784, 2808, 2795, 21794, 8, 373, 257, 30655, 28278, 286, 30694, 68, 26289, 13, 198, 198, 1544, 373, 4642, 287, 406, 73, 549, 75, 73, 2271, 11, 788, 636, 262, 2517, 305, 12, 39505, 3699, 8065, 11, 284, 1879, 9304, 666, 30694, 68, 3397, 13, 679, 9141, 262, 406, 73, 549, 75, 73, 2271, 43680, 31187, 24716, 1505, 11, 810, 339, 2627, 257, 2888, 286, 262, 7702, 3710, 8112, 3771, 1819, 375, 5855, 28951, 3333, 12340, 543, 25828, 262, 37494, 286, 17322, 12, 39505, 560, 290, 262, 6282, 286, 257, 2219, 1181, 329, 477, 2520, 34314, 291, 14366, 13, 1629, 262, 17645, 286, 262, 3274, 29643, 272, 1810, 287, 34463, 11, 21702, 17187, 32730, 287, 262, 39619, 5428, 13, 2293, 262, 1175, 11, 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17166425	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%20Historic%20Riverfront%20Industrial%20District	Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District	The Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District encompasses one of the most significant assemblages of 19th-century waterpowered mill technology in the American South. A National Historic Landmark District, it includes five historic industrial complexes with elements surviving as far back as the 1830s, located in four separate areas along the eastern bank of the Chattahoochee River in Columbus, Georgia. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978. History The city of Columbus is located at the fall line of the Chattahoochee River, a place where the river drops in a stretch of . This location was recognized early in the American Industrial Revolution as a prime location for waterpowered factories, and the river was first dammed in 1828 (by a predecessor to the now-breached City Mills Dam), beginning what became one of the South's largest 19th-century industrial complexes. Embedded in five major industrial sites are the remains of industrial components used in the transfer of water power, and for the early generation and transfer of electrical power. Included in these are the Eagle and Phenix Mills, once the South's largest textile operation. Columbus was a powerhouse of manufacturing for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Bibb Mill The main building of the Bibb Mill complex is a long five-story brick building, set on a bluff overlooking the river. Although it is an early 20th-century building, one of the smaller buildings in the complex includes remnants of a pulley and rope drive system. This system was used until 1954, when its main drive shaft broke. City Mills The City Mills complex was built as a grist mill. The oldest building dates to 1869, and was built by Horace King, a well-known regional African-American contractor. The original 1828 dam was replaced in 1908, and the main building was adapted for electrical power generation and distribution. It houses power generators installed in 1919, some of which operated into the 1960s. Muscogee Mills The Muscogee Mills include the broadest diversity of architecture of the surviving complexes, including both ornate 19th-century industrial architecture, and utilitarian 20th-century buildings, as well as the city's original Carnegie library. Traces of the original 1844 millrace are also still evident. Eagle and Phenix Mills The Eagle and Phenix Mills complex consists of three main mills, oriented perpendicular to the river, all which have origins in 19th-century construction, but have generally been altered or extended. This mill's original raceway and dam (now breached) also survive to some degree. Columbus Ironworks This complex's oldest buildings date to the early 20th century, its older buildings destroyed by fire in 1902. The complex includes several generations of early electrical equipment, including a DC generator and three AC generators. A portion of the property has been converted into a convention and event center. See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Georgia (U.S. state) National Register of Historic Places listings in Muscogee County, Georgia Endnotes External links Historic Columbus web site National Historic Landmarks in Georgia (U.S. state) Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state) Historic districts in Columbus, Georgia National Register of Historic Places in Muscogee County, Georgia	[ 464, 14939, 30426, 5866, 8534, 19034, 5665, 38932, 530, 286, 262, 749, 2383, 11156, 75, 1095, 286, 678, 400, 12, 14792, 1660, 12293, 3939, 3037, 287, 262, 1605, 2520, 13, 220, 317, 2351, 30426, 6379, 4102, 5665, 11, 340, 3407, 1936, 9566, 7593, 42665, 351, 4847, 16997, 355, 1290, 736, 355, 262, 45440, 82, 11, 5140, 287, 1440, 4553, 3006, 1863, 262, 10183, 3331, 286, 262, 39444, 17108, 420, 21067, 5866, 287, 14939, 11, 7859, 13, 220, 632, 373, 6875, 257, 2351, 30426, 6379, 4102, 287, 15524, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 464, 1748, 286, 14939, 318, 5140, 379, 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17164968

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Steel%20%28wrestler%29

Harry Steel (wrestler)

Harry Steel (April 18, 1899 – October 8, 1971) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, where he won a gold medal in the freestyle heavyweight division. Steel initially did not make the U.S. team at first, but the wrestler who was supposed to go ended up not being able to. Harry was called up to the team and went on to win the Olympic gold medal. Steel wrestled and played football at Ohio State University, where he lettered in both sports. In his senior year he was the undefeated Western Conference (now the Big Ten) heavyweight wrestling champion. He was inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame in 1980. References 1899 births 1971 deaths Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics American male sport wrestlers Olympic gold medalists for the United States in wrestling Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics People from Morrow County, Ohio

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17164971

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit%20Hanoun%20April%202008%20incident

Beit Hanoun April 2008 incident

On April 28, 2008, an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) attack took place in close proximity to a Palestinian family in Beit Hanoun. The IDF claimed that Palestinian gunmen they had targeted, were most probably carrying explosives which caused the civilian deaths immediately after its assault while Palestinian residents in Beit Hanoun claimed the explosion was a result of Israeli tank fire. Five members of the Abu Maateq family (mother and four children) were killed and a militant and farmer were also killed. The Incident Early on April 28, Israeli ground forces entered Beit Hanoun, a town near the border of the Gaza Strip to clamp down on militants in the area. During the offensive, a shell from a tank landed through the ceiling of a home, immediately killing the five family members eating breakfast. The child victims were aged one to six. An Israeli military spokesman said the purpose of the operation was to eliminate all snipers, tunnel diggers and Qassam rocket crews in the area. In response to the Israeli incursion, Palestinian militants fired on Israeli troops, slightly wounding one of them. Israeli fighter jets fired on militant positions, causing a massive explosion, apparently from bombs being held by the militants. The IDF claimed the resulting explosion was responsible for the destruction of the nearby house. Palestinian doctors and residents of Beit Hanoun claim Israeli tank fire was the cause of the explosion, however Israel says it was the explosives that the militants were carrying. In a separate incident in Beit Hanoun, an Islamic Jihad gunmen and a farmer were killed. Palestinian reaction Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas said the incident "does not serve efforts being exerted to achieve calm, and it obstructs the peace process". The husband and father of the family, Ahmad Abu Maataq said, I left the house just moments before to look for one of my children. I heard the sound of the explosion, and when I returned to the house I found my wife and my children... I hope to God that the same thing that happened to me happens to whoever fired that missile at my house, that what happened to my wife and children happens to his family References Beit Hanoun Israeli attacks against the Gaza Strip Beit Hanoun

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17164988

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andajes%20District

Andajes District

Andajes District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. It is located in the northern highlands of the department of Lima Province Oyón 23 km to the NW of the town of Churín at an altitud of 3,487 meters. Andajes historic village the land of "Martyrs of Democracy" cradle of delicacies called by the investigator Antonio Raimondi "Balcony of the Andes". It was created politically January 2, 1857, by General Ramón Castilla. Currently there are annexes: La Chimba and San Benito. Etymologically the term Andajes place names comer from two Quechua. "Anta" means copper and "Jaja" or "casha" which means thorn. Another version is that it was named by Spanish Andaxes and eventually led to Andajes. References External links [ Andajes District Municipality] [Lima Regional Government - Tourism - Andajes] [Rural Webside Andajes Lima (Perú)] [Map of travelers - Andajes (Perú)] [Traveler daily - Andajes (Perú)] [Hotels, ecotourism, rented rooms, hostels, bed & breakfast Andajes (Perú)] [Church - Andajes (Perú)] [Education - Andajes (Perú)] [Water Festival - Andajes (Perú)] [Folkloric songs - Andajes (Perú)] [Blancmange Festival - Andajes (Perú)] [Water festival pictures - Andajes (Perú)] [Caporales Party- Andajes (Perú)] [Additional axes - Peru Truth Commission Report] [Sol de oro and other memories - En Andajes] [Map - Andajes] [Archaeological Complex Antashuay - Andajes] [Archaeological site Antashuay - Andajes] [Traveler Pictures Churín 2010 - Antashuay - Andajes] [Churín Spa] 1857 establishments in Peru

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17164993

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caujul%20District

Caujul District

Caujul District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. See also Mataqucha References

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17164996

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochamarca%20District

Cochamarca District

Cochamarca (from Quechua Qucha Marka or Quchamarka, meaning "lake village") is one of six districts of the Oyón Province in Peru. Geography One of the highest peaks of the district is Punta Ch'uraq at approximately . Other mountains are listed below: References

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17165001

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navan%20District

Navan District

Navan District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. References

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17165009

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oy%C3%B3n%20District

Oyón District

Oyón District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. Geography The Rawra mountain range and the Rumi Cruz mountain range traverse the district. Some of the highest peaks of the district are listed below: See also Chawpiqucha References

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17165011

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naya%20Roop%20Nayi%20Zindagi

Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi

Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi is a reality television show that aired on Sony TV, from May 1, 2008 to July 3, 2008. The show was an Indian version of the American show Extreme Makeover. It is anchored by Mona Singh, popularly known as Jassi. Concept The 10-week reality show consists of 10 candidates who undergo facial correction surgeries — reconstructive and cosmetic, dental and eye surgeries combined with fitness, diet and styling. Each story is about the skin deep transformation and a completely new change in life. It is a journey equivalent to getting a new life, from styling to fitness and counseling to dream fulfillment. In the 10 weeks ordinary people, through the medium of TV, meet extraordinary experts who work with them to help them reach their full physical and emotional potential. Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi was directed by Bimal Unnikrishnan for Miditech on behalf of Sony Entertainment Television. The script narrator was Rajiv Pandey. References External links Official Site on Sony TV Naya Roop Nayi Zindagi on Miditech Sony Entertainment Television original programming Indian reality television series

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17165015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachangara%20District

Pachangara District

Pachangara District is one of six districts of the province Oyón in Peru. References

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17165026

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Shubin

Zhang Shubin

Zhang Shubin (; born February 16, 1966, in Harbin) is a Chinese former competitive figure skater. He is the 1985 Winter Universiade champion, 1986 Asian Winter Games silver medalist, and 1986 Fujifilm Trophy bronze medalist. He placed 20th at the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary and 25th at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. He retired from competitive skating in 1992 and became a coach. He is the father of American businessman Raymond Zhang. Results References Skatabase: 1988 Winter Olympics Chinese male single skaters 1966 births Living people Figure skaters from Harbin Olympic figure skaters for China Figure skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics Figure skaters at the 1988 Winter Olympics Asian Games medalists in figure skating Figure skaters at the 1986 Asian Winter Games Medalists at the 1986 Asian Winter Games Asian Games silver medalists for China Universiade medalists in figure skating FISU World University Games gold medalists for China Competitors at the 1985 Winter Universiade

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17165052

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Carlotta

Villa Carlotta

Villa Carlotta is a villa and botanical garden in Tremezzo on Lake Como in Northern Italy. Today the villa is a museum, whose collection includes works by sculptors such as Antonio Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen, and Giovanni Migliara; painters such as Francesco Hayez; and furniture pieces of previous owners. The villa, whose architect is unknown, was completed in 1745. History Clerici family The Clerici family rose from rural origins in the northern region of Lake Como to become successful silk merchants due to the efforts of Giorgio (1575-1660) and his sons Pietro Antonio (1599-1675), who was made a Marquis, and Carlo (1615-1677) who became owner of numerous palaces in Milan and Brianza. Carlo's son, the Milanese marquis Giorgio Clerici, became a senator in 1684 was nominated in 1717 to be President of the Senate. In 1690, he decided to establish a country estate on ancestral lakeside land at Tremezzo. The estate was complete in its initial form by 1695, and the garden was first mentioned in 1699. Upon the death of Giorgio Clerici, his great-grandson Anton Giorgio Clerici (1715-1768) inherited the family fortune, and completed the villa in 1745. He died after having dissipated nearly all of his fortune building the Palazzo Clerici in Milan, forcing his heirs to sell their Lake Como property. Sommariva In 1801, Anton Giorgio's only daughter, Claudia Caterina Clerici (the wife of Count Vitaliano Bigli), sold the property to Giovanni Battista Sommariva, a banker and politician who had risen from barber's apprentice to a position of power in Napoleon Bonaparte's government in Northern Italy. In 1802, he was a candidate for vice president of the Republic of Italy, but Napoleon selected Francesco Melzi d'Eril for the post instead. With his political career thwarted, Sommariva retired from public life and devoted his time to collecting art. Sommariva modified the villa to bring it in line with early 19th-century taste, adding balconies to take in the lake view and installing a large clock on the facade, He commissioned works from artists, including the sculptors Antonio Canova and Bertel Thorwaldsen, and the painter Francesco Fidanza, whose works feature in the villa today. He built a domed family chapel and a mausoleum near the lake shore, and transformed part of the park into a romantic garden in the English style. For a time the house was known as Villa Sommariva. Because Sommariva's eldest son, Emilio, had died fighting in Spain in 1811, Sommariva's fortune was left to his second son, Luigi. After Luigi's death in 1838, the fortune (by then much diminished) was divided between his wife, Emilia Sommariva (a French noblewoman née Seillère) and numerous relatives. Sachsen Meiningen In 1843, Princess Marianna, the wife of Prince Albert of Prussia, bought the property for 780,000 lira, ten times the amount paid by Giovanni Sommariva forty years earlier. Emilia Sommariva relocated to a smaller house in Tremezzo, while reserving for herself ownership of the Sommariva family chapel and mausoleum on the grounds of the villa. In 1847, Princess Marianne gave the property to her daughter Charlotte as a wedding present upon her marriage to Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826-1914). The house was renamed Villa Carlotta, however Charlotte enjoyed the villa for only a few years before she died in 1855 at the age of twenty-three of complications from childbirth. In 1857, the author Ludwig Bechstein wrote a description of the villa which was published as Villa Carlotta. Poetische Reisebilder vom Comersee und aus den lombardisch-venetianischen Landen. The Sachsen-Meiningens used the property as a private holiday home. While they didn't make substantial changes to the building, they sold part of the art collection that came with the property. Duke Georg, who had a passion for botany, dedicated himself to the development and enrichment of the garden, introducing a great variety of rare and exotic species. The Duke was a patron of the composer Johannes Brahms, who visited the villa at the Duke's invitation several times in the 1880s. Duke Georg died in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I. Public ownership After Italy entered World War I in May 1915 on the side of the Allies, the Italian state declined to confiscate the villa, as it had other properties of enemy aliens in Italy, but rather placed it, on 15 August 1915, under the management of an administrator. During the war, the interest of the owners was exercised by the Swiss Consulate. In 1921, the financial administrator of Como Province informed the owners that the entire property was now the property of the Italian state arguing that the villa was of eminent national significance. It was proposed in 1922 that the villa would be sold at auction. However local enthusiasts led by Senator Giuseppe Bianchini and the Rotary Club of Milan opposed this, which led to the villa being entrusted to the care of the Ente Villa Carlotta, a charitable foundation constituted by royal decree on 12 May 1927. This foundation is still responsible for the villa. Description The villa and surrounding grounds are located on the lakeshore at Tremezzo, facing the Bellagio peninsula. An Italian garden with steps, fountains and sculptures was laid out at the same time. The villa The villa is located at the top of a terraced garden, from which there are views of Bellagio and also the mountains surrounding the lake. It consists of three floors (two of which are open to the public). The works of art on display are mainly located on the lower floor, while the upper one, which has an elegant gallery, provides views over the lake. Among the sculptures on display in the villa are: Eros and Psyche by Adamo Tadolini. This is a marble copy taken from the original model used by Antonio Canova for the sculpture commissioned by Prince Nikolay Yusupov (and today at the Hermitage museum in St. Petersburg). This copy arrived at the villa in 1834. Mars and Venus by Luigi Acquisti. Dating from 1805 this is considered to be his masterpiece. The original plaster model of The Muse Terpsichore by Antonio Canova. The sculpture was commissioned by Sommariva in 1811. Palamedes by Antonio Canova. Sommariva commissioned this sculpture from Canova, but in 1805, when it was still in the Canova's atelier in Rome, when the Tevere River flooded the workshop and broke it into several pieces. Canova personally restored it, between 1806 and 1808. The sculpture arrived at the villa in 1819. Repentant Magdalene. This is a copy produced by Canova's school of the original sculpture by Canova. Sommariva was also the owner of the original work. The Entrance of Alexander the Great in Babylonia by Bertel Thorvaldsen. This work was originally designed in stucco for the Quirinale Palace in Rome to mark the occasion of Napoleon's visit. Completed in June 1812, it was so admired that Napoleon ordered a marble replica for the Pantheon in Paris. Napoleon's fall from power caused work to stop until in 1818 Sommariva decided to have it completed. The 33 marble slabs of the frieze arrived in the villa between 1818 and 1828. The last two characters at the end of the frieze are a self-portrait of Thorvaldsen and a portrait of Sommariva. As well as paintings by Andrea Appiani and Giovanni Migliara there are also: The Last Adieu of Romeo and Juliet by Francesco Hayez. This painting was commissioned by Sommariva in 1823. The Reading of the VIth Book of the Aeneid by Jean-Baptiste Wicar. This large oil painting was commissioned by Sommariva in 1818. Before arriving at the villa it was exhibited with great success in Milan in 1821. In addition the villa is home to a collection of more than 470 plaster cameos created by the Roman artist Giovanni Liberotti and a large silk and wool tapestry by François Var der Borght. The garden The botanical garden covers an area of about and consists of several different sections. Immediately around the villa, towards the lake, the Italian garden with cut hedges and pergolas with orange and camellia trees. The rhododendron and 150 varieties of azalea spread up the slope. The property is also home to cedars, palms, redwoods, plane trees and other exotic plants. there is also a bamboo garden, covering 3000 m2 which is home to over 25 different bamboo species. A greenhouse which had been used in the past to house citrus fruits during winter has been converted into a museum of old farm tools. Notes References External links The villa's official website. (Digitalised version in German at the British Library) Gardens in Lombardy Carlotta Province of Como 1745 establishments in Europe Tremezzina

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17165076

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa-Glandorf%20High%20School

Ottawa-Glandorf High School

Ottawa-Glandorf High School, is a secondary school and only high school part of the Ottawa-Glandorf Local School District. The school is the largest in Putnam County. The school serves students who are in grades 9 through 12 from Glandorf and Ottawa as well as parts of Greensburg, Liberty, Ottawa, Pleasant and Union Townships. Ottawa-Glandorf High School was designated "Excellent" or "Excellent with Distinction" (the highest designation given) by the Ohio Department of Education during the last 10 consecutive school years. The district met 24 of 24 state indicators with a 100% graduation rate in 2013. Athletics Ottawa-Glandorf is a member of the Western Buckeye League. They are the only school in the county not part of the Putnam County League. Ohio High School Athletic Association State Championships Boys Track and Field – 1972 Girls Track and Field – 2002 Boys Basketball – 2004, 2008, 2013 OHSAA State Runner-Up Boys Track and Field – 1971 Boys Basketball – 1996, 2022, 2023 Girls Basketball - 2015, 2016, 2021 Girls Soccer – 2014, 2021 OHSAA State Final Four Baseball - 1979 Boys Basketball - 1977, 1978, 2012, 2021 Football - 2009, 2021 Boys Golf - 1997 Boys Soccer - 1998 Girls Track and Field - 2005, 2015 OHSAA Regional Appearances Baseball - 1979* Boys Basketball - 1977*, 1978*, 1988, 1995, 1996*, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004*, 2008*, 2011, 2012*, 2013*, 2014, 2015, 2016 Girls Basketball - 2003, 2005, 2007 Boys Cross Country - 1994, 1999, 2000, 2010 Girls Cross Country - 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001, 2007 Boys Golf - 1997* Boys Soccer - 1998*, 2007, 2009 (regional finalist; lost to Doylestown Chippewa 3-2) Girls Soccer - 2000, 2001, 2002, 2006 Boys Track and Field - 1971*, 1972* Girls Track and Field - 2002*, 2004, 2005*, 2006 (placed 1st at regionals these years) Football - 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Volleyball - 2004, 2005, 2015 Key: * indicates state semi-finalist, state runner-up, or state champions Note: Not all regional appearances are listed for every sport or every appearance for the sports listed. Tournament notes Boys Basketball 1996-2010: In 1996, Ottawa-Glandorf fell in an overtime thriller to Orrville, 60-59, in the Division II state championship game. Ottawa-Glandorf lost to No. 2 Willard in the regional semi-final, 57-49 in 2001. In 2002, the Titans lost to Lebron James' No. 1 Akron St. Vincent-St. Mary team in the regional final, 77-58. Ottawa-Glandorf fell again to the same No. 1 ranked James dominated Akron St. Vincent-St. Mary team in 2003 in the regional final, 69-59. In 2004, they went on to capture their first Division II state championship defeating Canal Fulton Northwest, 75-42. Canal Fulton Northwest beat No. 9 Dayton Chaminade-Julienne, 65-61 in the state semi-final. In 2008, they captured the Division III state championship with a win over Sugarcreek Garaway. In 2009, they were only twice-beaten but lost to state-power Coldwater in the final minutes of the Division III district final. They lost narrowly to Lima Central Catholic in the 2010 district final. Football 2008-2009: In 2008, Ottawa-Glandorf's football team defeated No. 10 Marion Pleasant in OT to advance to the first regional final in school's history. They later fell to No. 4 Genoa Area, whom advanced to the state tournament. They advanced to their second straight regional championship game in 2009 after blowing past Eastwood 48-3. They later advanced to their first state semi-final game after knocking off Orrville, 21-20. WBL Championships State tournament appearances Notable alumni Larry Cox, Former MLB player (Philadelphia Phillies, Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs, Texas Rangers) References External links High School Website Western Buckeye League official website High schools in Putnam County, Ohio Public high schools in Ohio

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17165100

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fury%20of%20Five

Fury of Five

Fury of Five (also commonly known as Fury of V) is an American hardcore punk band from Asbury Park, New Jersey. History Fury of Five formed in 1994. Their early creative output limited to tracks on compilations, Fury of Five released two 7"s as well as a full-length album entitled No Reason to Smile in 1996. The band toured extensively throughout the Northeastern United States with bands such as Madball, Earth Crisis, and Fear Factory, and completed two European tours with Integrity and Pro-Pain. Two releases on Victory Records followed, which were At War with the World in 1998 and This Time It's Personal in 2000. Discography Singles "Convicted and Condemned" 7" (1994) "Telling It Like It Is!" 7" (1995) "Real Is Back!" 7" (2014) Demos The High Cost of Dying (1995) Reflections of Reality (1995) Studio albums No Reason to Smile (1996) At War with the World (1998) This Time It's Personal (2000) Compilations Jersey Style (2007) Fast Break! Records Sampler (2014) Music videos Do or Die – At War with the World Taking Respect – At War with the World References External links Fury of Five on Myspace Victory Records page Hardcore punk groups from New Jersey Metalcore musical groups from New Jersey Musical groups from Asbury Park, New Jersey Musical groups established in 1994 Musical groups disestablished in 2000 Victory Records artists American nu metal musical groups Rapcore groups 1994 establishments in New Jersey

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17165106

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Corumb%C3%A1

Roman Catholic Diocese of Corumbá

The Diocese of Corumbá () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Corumbá, Brazil. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese Campo Grande. History March 10, 1910: Established as the Diocese of Corumbá with territory from the Diocese of Cuiabá Bishops Bishops of Corumbá, in reverse chronological order Bishop João Aparecido Bergamasco, S.A.C. (2018.12.19 - present) Bishop Segismundo Martínez Álvarez, S.D.B. (2004.12.07 – 2018.12.19) Bishop Mílton Antônio dos Santos, S.D.B. (2000.05.31 – 2003.06.04), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Bishop José Alves da Costa D.C. (1991.05.08 – 1999.07.21) Bishop Pedro Fré, C.Ss.R. (1985.10.28 – 1989.12.02), appointed Bishop of Barretos, São Paulo Bishop Vitório Pavanello, S.D.B. (1981.11.26 – 1984.11.26), appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul Bishop Onofre Cândido Rosa, S.D.B. (1978.07.05 – 1981.02.16), appointed Bishop of Jardim, Mato Grosso do Sul Bishop Ladislau Paz, S.D.B. (1957.11.28 – 1978.07.05) Bishop Orlando Chaves, S.D.B. (1948.02.29 – 1956.12.18), appointed Archbishop of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Bishop Vicente Maria Bartholomeu Priante, S.D.B. (1933.05.13 – 1944.12.04) Bishop Antônio de Almeida Lustosa, S.D.B. (1928.12.17 – 1931.07.10), appointed Archbishop of Fortaleza, Ceara Bishop José Maurício da Rocha (1919.03.10 – 1927.02.04), appointed Bishop of Bragança Paulista, São Paulo Bishop Helvécio Gomes de Oliveira, S.D.B. (1918.02.15 – 1918.06.18), appointed Bishop of São Luís do Maranhão; future Archbishop Bishop Cyrillo de Paula Freitas (1911.03.13 – 1918.02.08) Coadjutor bishop Onofre Cândido Rosa, S.D.B. (1977-1978) Auxiliary bishop Ladislau Paz, S.D.B. (1955-1957), appointed Bishop here References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1910 Corumbá, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century 1910 establishments in Brazil

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17165130

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogus%20pipeline

Bogus pipeline

The bogus pipeline is a fake polygraph used to get participants to truthfully respond to emotional/affective questions in a survey. It is a technique used by social psychologists to reduce false answers when attempting to collect self-report data. As an example, social desirability is a common reason for warped survey results. The bogus pipeline was first used in the spring of 1971 by psychology professor Harold Sigall at the University of Rochester. He wanted to know if prejudices of white people towards black people had really declined, as surveys reported, or if they were secretly still in force. Today, the bogus pipeline is still used when trying to measure an individual's affect or attitudes toward certain stimuli. In this technique, the person whose attitude or emotion is being measured is told that they are being monitored by a machine or a polygraph (lie detector), resulting in more truthful answers. The electrodes and wires that are connected to this individual are actually fake. However, participants end up telling their true feelings and attitudes because they believe they are being monitored and that the real answers will surface regardless of their response. The bogus pipeline can be used to reduce bias because most people do not want to be "second-guessed" by a machine; it is assumed that people would be motivated to choose the "correct" answer so as not to show an incongruence in attitude. See also Randomized response Unmatched count References External links Michele G. Alexander, Terri D. Fisher: Truth and consequences: using the bogus pipeline to examine sex differences in self-reported sexuality. The Journal of Sex Research, Vol. 40, 2003 (Requires sign in to read) Psychological attitude Social science methodology

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17165147

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Meat%20and%20the%20Bully%20Burgers

Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers

Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers is a Japanese American-Hawaiian adult fiction novel by Lois-Ann Yamanaka. Its tonality is distinctive to that of a local Hawaiian culture in that all the main characters speak in Hawaiian Pidgin. Although it is an adult fiction novel, the plot follows a young Japanese girl throughout her years in middle school. The major themes of the novel include comparing a mother-daughter relationship with a father-daughter one, finding one's identity, and the politics of Japanese Hawaiian culture in a white America. Sections of the novel were adapted for the award-winning film, Fishbowl (2005), by Hawaii filmmaker Kayo Hatta, that aired nationally on PBS in 2006. Plot introduction The novel's characters and setting stay true to Lois-Ann Yamanaka's local upbringing on the Big Island of Hawaii. Written in both English and Hawaiian Pidgin, Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers is a coming-of-age first-person narrative of Lovey Nariyoshi, a local Japanese girl growing up in Hilo, Hawaii in the 1970s. During the anti-Japanese wave that flowed through the United States during this time period, Lovey looks back at all of the key events and people in her life that help shape the young girl she becomes in the end. By only seeing white stars on TV, discovering the birthing canal with her pregnant teenage-neighbor Katy, rationalizing her best friend Jerome's homosexuality and other events, Lovey tries to find her place in the world - a world that constantly tells her that being pure Japanese is not beautiful. Explanation of the novel's title Apart from being the title of the novel, "Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers" is also the title of the eleventh chapter in the book. Here, Lovey describes the wild animals that her father, Hubert, hunts, kills, and cooks for the family. One day Hubert brings home a black-and-white calf that Lovey's sister Calhoon names Bully. The chapter ends when Hubert fries hamburgers for the girls, burgers made with Bully meat. The wild smell of the Bully Burgers fills the entire kitchen, and neither of them can eat dinner that night. Plot summary The novel takes place, roughly, over a period of three years. Part One begins when Lovey is in the sixth grade and she and her best friend Jerry are watching a Shirley Temple movie. Lovey comments on how there is always a happy ending in movies, but never in real life – especially in her own life where she is pure Japanese, and not pretty like the haoles and hapa children in her class. And so she and Jerry constantly make up their own obituaries when they are playing together. We are introduced to both of Lovey's parents in Part One: Verva Nariyoshi being the mother that always seems unhappy with Lovey, and Hubert Nariyoshi being the father that treats Lovey like the son he never had. Other characters in this section include Katy – the Nariyoshi's pregnant teenage neighbor that teaches Lovey that babies come out of a woman's vagina and not the other end. Aunt Helen is another neighbor, and Verva's best friend. Among all the characters in the novel, Lovey learns the most from her father Hubert. He teaches her about the "dominate and recessid jeans" of pea flowers and rabbit mating on their farm, hunting wild turkey and other animals, and tells her not to get too close to any the animals bred for food - like the cow that Calhoon names Bully. Hubert also teaches Lovey about his Japanese Samurai ancestors, how they moved to Hawaii to work on the plantations on the island of Kauai, and how Lovey should be proud of her heritage. Part Two begins at school, probably at the beginning of the seventh grade. Although Jerry is handsome enough to attract the eyes of the popular Lori Shigemura, their classmates still call him "Queer" and "Fag" and call Lovey "Queen" and "Lez." This is the section where Jerry's homosexuality is alluded to the most. He and Lovey both argue over who David Cassidy would rather date, and they both decide that it would be a blonde haole girl. This is also where Lovey gets her period and realizes that she hates being a girl. In this section we are introduced to Jerry's older high school-aged brother Larry. Larry is always violent towards Lovey and Cal and Jerry, later killing their pet Koi in Part Three because they watch him and his girlfriend Crystal have sex in her bedroom. Part Three is where most of the rising action occurs throughout the novel. Lovey and Jerry are now in their last year of middle school. We are given fuller descriptions of the Rays of the Rising Sun, a YMCA club consisting of the most popular girls in Lovey's class. Lori is a part of this group, and dances with Jerry at their Graduation Dance at the end of the year. Lori is constantly calling Lovey names because she is jealous of the relationship she has with Jerry. And as mentioned before, Larry kills Lovey and Calhoon's pet Koi out of anger - Crystal gets pregnant and her mother takes her to Japan to abort the baby. However, a few months after she comes back home, she again gets pregnant by Larry. Refusing to live with the shame, she hangs herself. But the most traumatic event in Part Three is when Hubert loses his eyesight during a hunting accident. Out of anger he yells and throws dirt at Lovey. And out of guilt he gets drunk and accidentally blows out his eyes when trying to shoot a deer. Lovey feels responsible, and finally learns that being proud of her ancestry is more important than the physical things that she lacks - things that society tells her she should have. Lovey flies to the island of Kauai to get a bag filled with dirt for her father to "see" his home again. Characters Lovey Nariyoshi - main character and protagonist of the novel. Lovey is the narrator, speaking in both standard English and Hawaiian Pidgin. Lovey hates being pure Japanese and would prefer to be haole or hapa. She and her best friend Jerry are in middle school and constantly pretend they are popular television characters including Shirley Temple and Donny Osmond & Marie Osmond. Lovey also hates being a girl, and she would much rather be a boy and hunt like her father, Hubert. Because of her self-loathing, Lovey is constantly butting heads with Hubert. It isn't until a terrible accident that Lovey begins to accept her heritage. Hubert Nariyoshi - Lovey's father and the antagonist of the novel. It is through Hubert that Lovey undergoes a change in understanding and character by the end. Hubert lived and worked on the rice plantations on the island of Kaua'i. He left the island, moved to the Big Island of Hawaii and it is there where he raises his two daughters. He is married to Verva, although he plays a bigger role in Lovey's life than Verva. Jerome "Jerry" - Lovey's best friend. His homosexuality is alluded to many times throughout the novel, but it is clear that he and Lovey have a deeper love beyond friendship. His quest for popularity with their classmates leaves Lovey alone at times, but he always comes back to her when these "friendships" do not work out. Jerry is tall and skinny, and although he is smaller than the other boys in their middle school, Jerry is good-looking enough to get the attention of popular girls. Calhoon Nariyoshi - Lovey's younger sister. Cal and Lovey constantly butt heads, both vying for their father's affections. She gives Lovey derogatory nicknames throughout the book, including Oompa Loompa when their mother tries to Toni Perm her hair, and the name "Bloody Lovey" when Lovey gets her period. Cal is the typical younger sibling, sometimes understanding, but most of the time tattling on Lovey and Jerry. Verva constantly compares Lovey to Cal, wondering why her older daughter can't be like the younger one. Verva Nariyoshi - Lovey's mother. Her role is both small in the novel, as well as in Lovey's life. She smokes Parliaments and constantly tries to change the outward appearance of Lovey. She blames her daughters for not being able to give Hubert a male heir. Uncle Tora - Hubert's older brother. As a boy Tora was mean to Hubert. Later he writes Hubert a letter, apologizing for how he treated him as a child. Tora is the one that tells Hubert about the Nariyoshi's family heritage, stemming from Samurai in Russia. Tora plays a bigger role towards the end when he comes back and helps the family after the accident. Larry - Jerry's violent older brother. He is always physically hurting Lovey, Jerry, and Cal. His girlfriend, Crystal, gets pregnant twice by him. Crystal Kawasaki – the pretty girlfriend of Larry. She is both beautiful and smart and Verva hires her to tutor Lovey and Cal. The first time Crystal gets pregnant, her mother takes her to Japan to abort the child. But she gets pregnant a second time and commits suicide because of the shame. Aunt Helen – One of the Nariyoshi's neighbors. She is Verva's best friend, and exactly like Verva in that they both criticize Lovey without any remorse. Aunt Helen plays a minor role in the novel. Katy – the other neighbor of the Nariyoshi family. She is a pregnant teenager that Lovey grows fond of throughout the novel. She teaches Lovey the birthing process, and allows Lovey to play with her baby son, Charlie, whenever she comes over. "The Teacher" - an unnamed character. Lovey and Jerry love this teacher and it seems that the relationship they have with her is a bit inappropriate. They are constantly spending nights over at this teacher's house, and she is constantly teaching them about Hell fire and the Devil. Verva finds out and forbids Lovey to speak to her ever again. Grandma - Hubert's mother. She lives on the island of Molokai and Verva sends Lovey to spend a few weeks with her after she keeps getting nightmares of the Devil and Hell from "The Teacher." Grandma teaches Lovey about the true love of God Rays of the Rising Dawn - a YMCA girls club consisting of characters Traci Kihara, Gina Oshiro, Laura Murayama, Jodie Louie, Lori Shigemura, Rhonda Whang and Kandi Mitsuda. Lori has a bigger part in the novel than the rest of the girls because she has a constant crush on Jerry throughout their years in middle school. Major themes The major themes of the novel that is discussed by Literary Critics include comparing a mother-daughter relationship with a father-daughter one, finding one's identity and the politics of Japanese Hawaiian culture in White America. Father-daughter relationship: Asian-American writers usually follow the pattern of writing about mother-daughter relationships (20). Parents constantly want to live out their dreams through their children, particularly their children of the same sex. A son, to his father, should grow up just as strong and capable as his father in both the family and the working world. Likewise, a daughter should be as beautiful and ladylike as her mother. But Hubert wants to live his dreams through Lovey because he has no male heirs. And since Verva isn't willing to accept Lovey the way she is, her relationship with her daughter is stunted. Instead, Hubert accepts Lovey and tries to get her to also accept their Japanese heritage. Identity: Micheline Soong states in her dissertation “Yosegire Buton, The ‘Crazy Patchwork Quilt: An Alternative Narrative Strategy for Three Local Japanese Women Writers of Hawaii,” that the narrative structure in Wild Meat produces racial and gender expectations of society and its different layers by the different voices of the narrator – Lovey's pre-adolescent voice and her adolescent teenager voice (135). In her article, “Spreading Traditions: Lois-Ann Yamanaka’s Bildungsroman,” Serena Fusco claims that “by the end of [the] novel the main character, a teenage girl, has acquired a great deal of knowledge, which enables her to achieve self-awareness and get over the racial and sexual abuse perpetrated on her by the patriarchal society (197). Politics of local Hawaiian culture in White America: Although the novel is narrated in both the Standard American English and Hawaiian Pidgin, Lovey and the rest of the characters speak Hawaiian Pidgin to each other. In his article “I wish you a land,” Rocio Davis says that the fact the Lovey speaks Pidgin is an example of how her character is separated from Western ideals (59). And by this separation, Lovey and the other characters in Wild Meat try to find their identities amidst political struggles (47). Publication history 1996, USA, Farrar Straus , Pub date January 1996, Hardback Scholarly articles Chang, Juliana. “Interpreting Asian American Identity and Subjectivity.” Modern Fiction Studies 53.4 (2007): 867-75. Davis, Rocio G. “I wish you a land: Hawai’i short Story Cycles and aloha ‘aina.” Journal of American Studies 35.1 (2001): 47-64 - - -. “Short Story Cycle and Hawai’i Bildungsroman: Writing Self, Place, and Family in Lois-Ann Yamanaka’s Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers.” Form and Transformation in Asian American Literature. Seattle: University of Washington Press (2005): 231-48. Fusco, Serena. “Spreading Traditions: Lois-Ann Yamanaka’s Bildungsroman.” Incoronata Inserra (2003): 197-226. Makino, Rie. “Localized Masculinities and Translocal Femininities: The Politics of Locations in the novels by Jessica Hagedorn, Lois-Ann Yamanaka, and Karen Tei Yamashita.” Diss. Arizona State University, 2006. Soong, Micheline M. “Yosegire Buton, The ‘Crazy’ Patchwork Quilt: An Alternative Narrative Strategy for Three Local Japanese Women Writers of Hawaii.” Diss. University of California in L.A., 1999. Wong, Sau-ling C, and Jeffrey J. Santa Ana. “Gender and Sexuality in Asian American Literature.” Signs 25.1 (1999): 171-226. Young, Morris. “Standard English and Student Bodies: Institutionalizing Race and Literacy in Hawai’i.” College English 64.4 (2002): 405-31. References External links Lois-Ann Yamanaka's webpage Editorial Review of "Wild Meat" 1996 American novels Novels by Lois-Ann Yamanaka Hawaiian literature American bildungsromans Novels set in Hawaii American novels adapted into films Farrar, Straus and Giroux books

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Coxim

Roman Catholic Diocese of Coxim

The Diocese of Coxim () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Mato Grosso do Sul state, southwestern inland Brazil. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Campo Grande. Its cathedral episcopal see is Catedral São José, dedicated to Saint Joseph, in the city of Coxim. History Established on January 3, 1978 as Territorial Prelature of Coxim, on territory split off from the then Diocese of Campo Grande (now its metropolitan see) November 13, 2002: Promoted as Diocese of Coxim Statistics and extent , it pastorally served 110,000 Catholics (78.0% of 141,000 total) on 45,000 km² (the municipalities Coxim, Alcinópolis, Camapuã, Costa Rica, Figueirão, Pedro Gomes, Rio Negro, Rio Verde de Mato Grosso, São Gabriel do Oeste and Sonora) in 14 parishes with 17 priests (15 diocesan, 2 religious), 1 deacon, 22 lay religious (4 brothers, 18 sisters) and 8 seminarians. Episcopal ordinaries Territorial Prelates of Coxim Clóvis Frainer, OFMCap (1978.01.03 – 1985.01.05), next Metropolitan Archbishop of Manaus (Brazil) (1985.01.05 – 1991.05.22), Metropolitan Archbishop of Juiz de Fora (Brazil) (1991.05.22 – retired 2001.11.28); died 2017 Ângelo Domingos Salvador, OFMCap (1986.05.16 – 1991.07.17), previously Titular Bishop of Selia (1981.03.16 – 1986.05.16) as Auxiliary Bishop of Archdiocese of São Salvador da Bahia (Brazil) (1981.03.16 – 1986.05.16); later Bishop of Cachoeira do Sul (Brazil) (1991.07.17 – 1999.05.26), Bishop of Uruguaiana (Brazil) (1999.05.26 – retired 2007.06.27) Osório Bebber, OFMCap (1992.01.18 – 1999.03.17), previously Coadjutor Bishop of Tubarão (Brazil) (1979.11.30 – 1981.09.17), succeeding as Bishop of Tubarão (1981.09.17 – 1992.01.18); later Bishop of Joaçaba (Brazil) (1999.03.17 – retired 2003.04.09) Antonino Migliore (born Italy) (2000.05.10 – 2002.11.13 see below), no previous prelature Suffragan Bishops of Coxim Antonino Migliore (see above 2002.11.13 – 2022.10.19). Otair Nicoletti (2022.10.19 – ...). Sources and external links GCatholic.org - data for all sections Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Religious organizations established in 1978 Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Campo Grande Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century

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17165160

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispano%20HS-42

Hispano HS-42

The Hispano HS-42 and its derivative, the HA-43, were advanced military trainer aircraft produced in Spain in the 1940s. The basic design was that of a conventional, low-wing, cantilever monoplane with seating for the pilot and instructor in tandem. The HS-42 had fixed, tailwheel undercarriage with spatted mainwheels, while the HA-43 had retractable main units. Produced on the assembly line that had been used to build Fokker D.XXI fighters, the HS-42 shared some components with this aircraft. Variants HS-42 Original production version with fixed undercarriage and Piaggio Stella P.VII C.16 engine HA-43 Improved variant with retractable undercarriage and Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah 27 engine Operators Spanish Air Force Specifications (HA-43) References 1940s Spanish military trainer aircraft Hispano aircraft

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17165181

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%20State%20Defense%20Force

Alaska State Defense Force

The Alaska State Defense Force (ASDF) is the state defense force of Alaska. It is one of 18 such forces in the United States. The Alaska State Defense Force is administered under the Alaska Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, but is headed by a commander who reports directly to the governor of Alaska, who acts as commander-in-chief of the state defense force. History The Alaska State Defense Force is the successor of the Alaska Territorial Guard founded during World War II. With the conclusion of the war and Alaska's inauguration as a state in 1959, the Territorial Guard was disbanded but soon replaced by a state militia established by state statute. In 1984, the Alaska State Guard was formed; it was renamed in 1987 as the Alaska State Defense Force. In 2004, the name 49th Military Police Brigade (49th MP BDE) was also adopted for it. A later realignment of the command's structure has utilized the new designation of 49th Readiness Brigade (Separate), but the unit is still mainly known as the Alaska State Defense Force. The ASDF structure was primarily composed of military police units. The units operated with mostly state certified constables under the Alaska Police Standards Council. By statute, the Alaska State Defense Force must be made up of no less than 75 percent former military personnel. Following the September 11 attacks, the ASDF was tasked with guarding critical oil infrastructure against attack. Unlike most of the state defense forces in the United States, Alaska State Guardsmen trained and certified with firearms in order to achieve proficiency to carry firearms when activated. However, in 2008, following an investigation of the leadership of Brigadier General Thomas Westall, then serving as the head of the ASDF, Governor Sarah Palin ordered the ASDF to disarm. The current structure of the ASDF is as a Readiness Brigade composed of readiness battalions. The military police (MP) function is in abeyance until needed by the Adjutant General for Alaska. In 2016, Governor Bill Walker announced his intention to reform the Alaska State Defense Force by expanding it further into rural Alaska, bringing the level of training closer to that of the National Guard, and creating a signal detachment. On 14 January 2016, the Alaska State Defense Force activated the 2nd Signal Detachment, a component of the 49th Brigade. On 15 September, 2017, the Alaska State Defense Force activated a Scout Detachment in the Native Village of Kwethluk. In 2017, Alaska State Defense Force members, in their first ever deployment outside of the state, provided support to relief efforts in Puerto Rico alongside Alaska National Guardsmen after Hurricane Maria and Irma caused extensive damage to the island. State and National Guardsmen provided communications support at a Joint Incident Site Communications Capability system. In March 2018, the Alaska State Defense Force took part in an international training exercise, working directly with their Canadian counterparts, the Canadian Rangers, in a combined domain awareness capacity drill. In April 2020, members of the Alaska State Defense Force were activated to assist in Alaska's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Members worked at an Anchorage warehouse to help organize personal protective equipment and other supplies from the national stockpile and putting them into loads for shipment. Members also helped distribute declaration forms for people entering the state who must quarantine themselves. Duties The mission of the Alaska State Defense Force (ASDF) is to maintain an organized, trained military force capable of timely and effective response to state emergencies, or, on other occasions deemed appropriate by the Governor, to provide military assistance to civil and military authorities in the preservation of life, property, and public safety. Previous missions assigned to the ASDF have included manning a security checkpoint on the Dalton Highway, traffic control after a Valdez-area landslide, and safeguarding flooded homes in Houston against looters. ASDF has conducted joint operations with local city and state agencies as well as federal entities, including the U.S. military as well as government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Homeland Security, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. The unit missions to date have included Operation Winter Talon, avalanche rescue, Kenai Peninsula floods and the Big Lake fire. ASDF members have worked at the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race restarts. Some members have been detailed to work with the Alaska Railroad police as well as local police departments. Membership Alaska state statute AS 26.05.010 established the Alaska Militia. It declares: "The militia of the state [of Alaska] consists of all able-bodied citizens of the United States and all other able-bodied persons who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, who reside in the state [of Alaska], who are at least 17 years of age, and who are eligible for military service under the laws of the United States or this state [of Alaska]." The ASDF is constituted as a cadre of experienced officers and enlisted personnel which is ready to organize the entire population, if need be. The ASDF benefits from the experience of its personnel. Many of them have technical skills in such areas as medicine, communications and logistics. It is a volunteer force which contains the skills necessary for operations in time of disaster. Uniform The unit wears United States Army uniforms in accordance with the AR 670-1. Organization The 49th Readiness Brigade Alaska State Defense Force consists of a Brigade Headquarters, and two regional Battalions (2nd Scout Battalion - headquartered in Bethel (with detachments throughout western Alaska), and the 2nd Special Troops Battalion - headquartered in Wasilla). The 2nd Special Troops Battalion consists of four companies (a military police company, a signal company, an engineer company, and a forward support company), with each company having detachments throughout the central and eastern portions of the state. In the past... The battalions below the Headquarters Element include a medical detachment, waterborne operators, and an aviation detachment. The AK SDF has its own academy in which individuals are brought up to State training standards to be Constables. The headgear worn varies on mission requirements.'''' Government support Issues of funding, mission and the bearing of arms are listed among common complaints and stumbling blocks associated with unit effectiveness. ASDF, when colocated with the Alaska National Guard, was careful to never utilize federal resources to accomplish its mission. In 2009, the Brigade Headquarters and 2 of its battalion headquarters were relocated from the National Guard Headquarters on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson to the National Guard Alcantra Armory in Wasilla. Since then, the Alaska State Defense Force has been pressed more with less limitations as well as capabilities, equipment, and activations. With the recent reliefs of command, starting in 2016, of the high-ranking officers of the Alaska National Guard including the Adjutant General (MG Thomas Katkus) who was against the expansion of the State Defense Force, there is a possibility that the ASDF will be able to re-obtain previous capabilities and more as the new Command is supportive of them. Legal protection Employers in Alaska are required by law to grant an unpaid leave of absence to any employee who is a member of the Alaska State Defense Force, and who is activated to perform active state service. The employer must also guarantee the employee's right to return to their employment position upon that employee's return from deployment. See also Alaska Naval Militia Alaska Wing Civil Air Patrol References External links Alaska State Defense Force homepage Alaska National Guard homepage Military in Alaska State defense forces of the United States Defense 1984 establishments in Alaska

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17165194

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peteroa

Peteroa

Peteroa is a small town west southwest of the town of Sagrada Familia, Chile. Peteroa is also the name of the location of the fortress built by Lautaro and the site of the Battle of Peteroa. This location is uncertain and sometimes confused with the place on the Mataquito River where Lautaro was killed during the Battle of Mataquito in 1557. His fortress of Peteroa built in 1556 was located near Teno "twenty leagues from the city of Santiago". A soldier in this campaign under Juan Godíñez, Alonso Lopez de la Raigada refers to the 1556 fortress as "Peteroa" and the camp where Lautaro was killed as "Mataquito" and also refers to "Peteroa y Mataquito" as separate places. Pedro Mariño de Lobera does not give a place name to the location of the 1556 fortress. He does call the place of the 1557 battle he took part in as being at the "lugar de Mataquito". The contemporary chronicler Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo gives no place names to either location in his account. Peteroa is named as the location of the confluence of the rivers Teno, Pumaiten, and Lontué to form the Mataquito River in the eighteenth century description of the province of Maule. The current town of Peteroa may be the vicinity where this fortress was located on the south bank of the Mataquito river and his second camp was located across the Mataquito river on its north bank. References Sources Jerónimo de Vivar, Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile (Chronicle and abundant and true relation of the kingdoms of Chile) ARTEHISTORIA REVISTA DIGITAL; Crónicas de América (on line in Spanish) Alonso de Góngora Marmolejo, Historia de Todas las Cosas que han Acaecido en el Reino de Chile y de los que lo han gobernado (1536-1575) (History of All the Things that Have happened in the Kingdom of Chile and of those that have governed it (1536-1575)), University of Chile: Document Collections in complete texts: Cronicles (on line in Spanish) Pedro Mariño de Lobera, Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera....reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575). Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (on line in Spanish) Vicente Carvallo y Goyeneche, Descripcion Histórico Geografía del Reino de Chile (Description Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Chile), University of Chile: Document Collections in complete texts: Cronicles (on line in Spanish) José Toribio Medina, Colección de documentos inéditos para la historia de Chile, Vols. 6-7, IV.— Información de senidos de Alonso López de la Eaigada, vecino de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. (Archivo de Indias, Patronato, 1-5-34/18),Vols. 6-7 published by Impr. y Encuadernacido Barcelona; v.8-30 by Impr. Elzeviriana., 1901. Guevara, Tomás, Historia de Curicó, Alicante : Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2000 External links Google Satellite Map: Peteroa, Chile Populated places in Curicó Province

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17165199

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notes%20to%20You

Notes to You

Notes to You is a 1941 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on September 20, 1941, and stars Porky Pig. This cartoon was remade in 1948, as Back Alley Oproar, with Elmer Fudd in Porky's role and Sylvester as the musical cat. Along with All This and Rabbit Stew, the film was completed and shipped on September 2, 1941. Plot When Porky tries to go to sleep, a cat starts singing Largo al factotum from The Barber of Seville in his back yard. Porky then starts throwing objects at the cat and finally hits him with a vase. The cat starts singing When Irish Eyes Are Smiling at Porky, and Porky throws a book at him, causing the cat to yowl in pain. Porky attempts to return to bed only for the cat to throw the book back and continue the song, as Porky closes the window in retaliation. Porky's phone rings and he answers it; the caller is revealed to be the cat finishing the song. Furious, Porky grabs a shotgun and claims "D-uh-d-uh-darn that old cat, I'll fix him this time once and for all!" and lays a saucer of milk on the porch. Porky then falls asleep as the cat drinks the milk and wakes Porky up by banging on the saucer. Porky then chases the cat with the shotgun until the cat sings Rock-a-Bye Baby, which puts Porky to sleep. The cat then wakes Porky up by conducting the loud music playing on the radio (Frat by John F. Barth), before running out and singing The Umbrella Man, an American hit recorded in 1938 by Kay Kyser's dance orchestra. Porky locks down the window, but the cat reopens the door and sings Jeepers Creepers. Porky chases him out again, only for the cat to slam the door open into Porky before shutting it behind him. When the cat is outside singing Make Love With a Guitar, Porky grabs his gun and shoots the cat, who manages to gasp out a chorus of Aloha 'Oe, and dies. As Porky feels guilt over the cat's death, he's startled to hear the cat's nine lives outside his window singing the Sextet from the opera Lucia di Lammermoor. As the picture irises out, a crash is heard (presumably, Porky, at his wits' end, jumped out of the window). Home media This cartoon has been presented in its 1968 colorized form on many public domain video compilations, such as the 2004 Digiview Entertainment DVD release of Porky's Café (where its image was grayscaled to look more like the original version). It was released in its original black and white form in 1999 on a Columbia House Looney Tunes Collector's Edition VHS Tape entitled Musical Masterpieces. The original black-and-white print, fully remastered and uncut, was included on the Porky Pig 101 DVD officially released by Warner Archive on September 19, 2017. References External links in black & white Notes to You colorized on Dailymotion 1941 films 1941 animated films American black-and-white films Short films directed by Friz Freleng Looney Tunes shorts 1940s American animated films Porky Pig films Films about pigs Animated films about cats Films scored by Carl Stalling Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese

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17165216

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Dourados

Roman Catholic Diocese of Dourados

The Diocese of Dourados () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Dourados, Brazil. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Campo Grande. History June 15, 1957: Established as Diocese of Dourados from the Diocese of Corumbá Bishops Bishops of Dourados , in reverse chronological order Bishop Henrique Aparecido de Lima, C.SS.R. (2015.10.21 - Bishop Redovino Rizzardo, C.S. (2001.12.05 – 2015.10.21) Bishop Alberto Johannes Först, O. Carm. (1990.05.12 – 2001.12.05) Bishop Teodardo Leitz, O.F.M. (1970.11.27 – 1990.05.12) Bishop Carlos Schmitt, O.F.M. (1960.08.29 – 1970.02.14) Bishop José de Aquino Pereira (1958.01.23 – 1960.03.26), appointed Bishop of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo Coadjutor bishops Alberto Johannes Först, O. Carm. (1988-1990) Redovino Rizzardo, C.S. (2001) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1957 Dourados, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century

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17165247

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing%20to%20the%20Sky

Sing to the Sky

Sing to the Sky is the second album from Japanese singer, Ayaka. Background Second album from Ayaka was confirmed on 26 April 2008. It is to include all of her singles from Jewelry Day up to the latest Okaeri. There are three versions, first press CD+DVD (music video collection), CD+DVD (live performance video collection), and CD-only version. Second bonus track "I Believe (English Version)" only comes with the CD+DVD versions. In one in a hundred first press discs, there's a "gold ticket" which can be traded in for a special DVD like Ayaka's first album. Fifteenth track "Konya mo Hoshi ni Dakarete" is the theme song of the 2008 film The Sky Crawlers. Commercial performance Sing to the Sky debuted at #3 on Oricon Daily Charts with index sales of more than 44,000 copies, however, the next day the album moved to #2 for 5 days and finally reached #1 on its seventh day. By the end of the week the album debuted at #2 on the weekly charts with sales of more than 315,000 copies, a little less than her debut album. Sing to the Sky was kept out of the top position by Greeeen's second album A, Domo. Ohisashiburi Desu., which sold more than 377,000 copies. Sing to the Sky has been certified Triple Platinum by RIAJ for shipment of 750,000 copies . Track listing Charts Oricon Sales Chart (Japan) References External links Special album interview on Excite Music 2008 albums Ayaka albums Warner Music Japan albums

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17165255

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20First%20National%20Band

The First National Band

The First National Band or Michael Nesmith and The First National Band was a short-lived American collaborative band, led by Michael Nesmith after his departure from The Monkees. During the two active years, The First National Band released three albums in the country rock genre in 1970 and 1971. Pre-First National Band During his time in The Monkees, Nesmith was unhappy with the bubblegum pop records that musical director Don Kirshner was providing for the group, and fought to get his own compositions to be recorded under the Monkees name. Before The Monkees, Nesmith had released a handful of singles under the name "Michael Blessing" which were folk rock strongly inspired by the work of Bob Dylan. In 1968, Nesmith released The Wichita Train Whistle Sings as a side-project from the Monkees and, due to continued frustration, bought himself out of his Monkees contract altogether in 1970. Forming The First National Band In 1969, before Nesmith had left the Monkees, it was clear to both him and his friend John Ware that The Monkees were soon coming to an end. Ware suggested that Nesmith form another band with Ware and their mutual friend John London and put his studio connections to good use while he still had the chance. When he was free from his contract, Nesmith took Ware up on his offer, so long as Orville "Red" Rhodes would join. Also, Nesmith did not want to "just do that power trio thing". The First National Band was the start of a long collaboration between Nesmith and Rhodes, which lasted until Rhodes's death in 1995. Career The First National Band endured many problems in its short career. Nesmith's association with the Monkees had made him a joke to some people and as a result many fellow musicians would not take his music seriously. During one of the band's first gigs, they played alongside Gram Parsons and his new band The Flying Burrito Brothers. Nesmith recalls how others seeing a former Monkee decked out in a Nudie suit with a steel player in tow must have been laughable to seasoned Country devotees, such as Parsons. However, their unique sound was enough to win over the LA club scene and create a new image for Nesmith. Nesmith also requested of venues that they not promote or reference his being a Monkee/ex-Monkee in their advertising or the band's introduction. Unfortunately, many Emcees would ignore his request and Nesmith would become irritated with them as well as with folks who would shout out requests of "Last Train to Clarksville" and/or other Monkee hits. During his stint with The Monkees, Nesmith had accumulated an extensive back-catalogue of songs which had not been heard by anyone. This meant that, in their short time as a band, The First National Band was able to release three albums in less than a 12-month span. July 1970 saw the release of Magnetic South, which was the first and "blue" in the trilogy of "red, white and blue" albums and reached No. 143 on the Billboard Albums Chart. This album contained the inclusion of five songs which hailed from Nesmith's Monkees days. It also contained the song "Joanne", which, due to a lot of radio play, surprised the band by reaching No. 21 on the Billboard Singles Chart. However, despite this chart success, the single did not gain the band commercial success because the band were in Britain, on a tour of working-man's clubs, which lasted until "Joanne" had dropped out of the American charts and sunk without a trace. Ware claimed that the band's management believed that, as the Monkees weren't as well known in Britain, it would be the perfect place to try to break in this new change in musical direction. November 1970 saw the release of the band's second "red" album, Loose Salute, which reached No. 159 on the Billboard Album chart. This contained the minor hit "Silver Moon" (Billboard #42) and a re-working of the Monkees song, "Listen to the Band". After the band had returned from Britain, and after "Joanne's" success had long since been forgotten, work was started on the band's final "white" album, Nevada Fighter. Recording for this album started in October 1970, but things within the group started falling apart, which led to both Ware and London leaving the group the following month. Released in May 1971, it failed to chart. After The First National Band Nesmith and Rhodes continued to work together, and recruited a new set of musicians, consisting of members of Elvis Presley's band to work on Nesmith's fifth album, Tantamount to Treason Vol. 1. This was released in May 1972 and credited to "Michael Nesmith & The Second National Band". Nesmith and Rhodes continued to collaborate on Nesmith's later solo albums up until Rhodes's death in 1995. Nesmith continued to release solo albums, the last being Rays in 2006. During Nesmith's 2013 tour of the U.S., an isolated backing track of Rhodes playing the pedal steel from the song "Thanx for the Ride" from Loose Salute was played while Nesmith and his band accompanied the track. First National Band Redux (2018) Nesmith announced The first National Band would be returning with 5 concerts in early 2018 in southern and northern California under the banner "The First National Band Redux". This incarnation of the First National Band is largely in name only, since other than Nesmith, all of the other members are either dead or retired; Nesmith's sons, Christian and Jonathan, are among the members of the new First National Band lineup. The second First National Band includes, in addition to the Nesmiths, Jason Chesney on bass, Pete Finney on steel guitar, and Chistopher Allis on drums, along with backing vocalists Amy Spear and Circe Link. To coincide with the tour, the band's three studio albums will be re-released on colored vinyl in late March, from oldies label Sundazed. Christian and Jonathan also contributed to The Monkees' Christmas album Christmas Party. The band continued to tour throughout 2018 and released a live album from their show at the Troubadour. Nesmith died December 10, 2021. Discography References External Links 1970 establishments in the United States 1972 disestablishments in the United States American country rock groups Michael Nesmith Musical groups established in 1970 Musical groups disestablished in 1972

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17165267

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Jardim

Roman Catholic Diocese of Jardim

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Jardim () is a diocese located in the city of Jardim in the Ecclesiastical province of Campo Grande in Brazil. History January 30, 1981: Established as Diocese of Jardim from the Diocese of Corumbá Bishops Bishops of Jardim (Roman rite), in reverse chronological order Bishop João Gilberto de Moura (2013.09.29 - Present) Bishop Jorge Alves Bezerra, S.S.S. (2008.05.21 - 2012.11.07) Bishop Bruno Pedron, S.D.B. (1999.08.04 – 2007.04.11) Bishop Onofre Cândido Rosa, S.D.B. (1981.02.16 – 1999.08.04) Coadjutor bishop Bruno Pedron, S.D.B. (1999) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1981 Jardim, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century

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17165278

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty%20Goes%20Green

Betty Goes Green

Betty Goes Green is a Belgian rock band founded in 1990. Biography The group convinced Mike Rathke (producer and guitar player of Lou Reed) to produce their album Hunuluria, of which two good singles are taken: "Cold by the sea" and "Life Long Devotion". Rathke also produces their album "Hand Some", on which Lou Reed also sings on one song. On the album, the guitars are being played by Tjenne Berghmans (Clouseau), due to a fatal illness of their original guitarist Pieter De Cort. He dies of cancer in 1994. In 1996, the group decides to take a step down: they sign up for a smaller record label (B-Track) and record a new album. Their devoted friend Lou Reed is still enthusiastic and takes the group with him on his European Tour. The single "The Well" becomes a huge radio hit. In 1998, singer Luc Crabbe en Tony Gezels also take part in a new project of Kloot Per W called "Zen-On". The album Dreamers & Lovers was recorded in the band's own home studio, with only a brass section with Bart Maris coming to the aid of the band. Dreamers & Lovers got an international release in the Fall of 2000. Discography Studioalbums Hell Of A Show (1991, Boom!) Hunaluria (1993, BMG/Ariola) Hand Some (1994, BMG) Hedonic Tone (1996, B-track) The Well (1998, Sony Columbia) Dreamers and Lovers (2000, B-track) Singles Betty Goes Green (1991, Boom!) Cold By The sea (1993, BMG/Ariola) Life Long devotion (1993, BMG/Ariola) I Love It (1994, BMG) Go To Hook Her (1994, BMG) Ring Ring (1996, B-Track) Heimet (1997, Sony Columbia) The Well (1998, Sony Columbia External links Official site Belgian alternative rock groups Musical groups established in 1990

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17165286

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigran%20Petrosyants

Tigran Petrosyants

Tigran Petrosyants (, born 23 December 1973) is an Armenian football coach and a former midfielder. He is the manager of Ararat-Armenia II. International career He was a member of the Armenia national team and participated in 8 international matches. External links 1973 births Living people Footballers from Yerevan Armenian men's footballers Armenia men's international footballers Armenian expatriate men's footballers PFC CSKA Moscow players FC Zhemchuzhina-Sochi players FC Torpedo Moscow players PFC Krylia Sovetov Samara players FC Elista players FC Chernomorets Novorossiysk players Expatriate men's footballers in Russia Armenian expatriate sportspeople in Russia Russian Premier League players FC Volgar Astrakhan players Men's association football midfielders Armenian football managers Soviet men's footballers

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17165323

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Coffrane

Battle of Coffrane

The Battle of Coffrane took place on February 28, 1296, about 1 km to the east of Coffrane in the canton of Neuchâtel. The Lords of Valangin with support from the Bishop of Basel rebelled against the Count of Neuchâtel. The battle was fought in the Val-de-Ruz, next to the village of Coffrane. The Count of Neuchâtel, Rollin, won the battle. References 1296 in Europe Coffrane Coffrane 13th century in Switzerland Coffrane

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17165324

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryse%20Marpsat

Maryse Marpsat

Maryse Marpsat (born 1951) is a French sociologist and statistician whose work employs methods drawn from sociology and statistics but also mathematics. Her major sociological works concern poverty, inequality and homeless situation. She is a civil servant, administrator of the French National Institute of Statistics (INSEE) and a fellow of the CSU, a French research institute specializing in sociological studies in urban societies. Between 1983 and 1993, as a fellow of two French-British groups, the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure and the Centre for Economic Policy Research in Cambridge, she worked to develop the comparisons of the household ways of living in France and England, particularly with Richard Wall and Bruce Penhale, from the City University of London. Since 2007, Maryse Marpsat has been giving some courses on the topics of her researches. She focuses her last teaching, first, on relationships between statistic tools and their outcomes, and second, on "inequalities", their range, their origins and the different ways of their evaluation. Moreover, since 2007, she has provided on a monthly base some research workshops in her institute of statistics, for example in 2012 going through the feeling of inequalities either for owners of the French minimum wage called "RSA" or for retired people. Notes Works « Combiner les méthodes et les points de vue. De l’enquête statistique au journal intime d’Albert Vanderburg », in Pichon Pascale, SDF, sans-abri, itinérant. Oser la comparaison, Presses de l'Université de Louvain, Louvain, 2009. (with Pascale Pichon), « La genèse de la recherche en France : composer avec le mouvement associatif, observer et analyser des situations vécues et des rapports sociaux, caractériser et compter », in Pichon Pascale, SDF, sans-abri, itinérant. Oser la comparaison, Presses de l'Université de Louvain, Louvain, 2009. 2008, (with Cécile Brousse and Jean-Marie Firdion), Les sans-domicile, La découverte, Collection Repère, 2008, « L’enquête de l’Insee sur les sans-domicile : quelques éléments historiques », Courrier des statistiques, INSEE, Paris, n° 123, janvier-avril p. 53-64 2006, « La légitimation de l’Art Brut. De la conservation à la consécration », in Gérard Mauger (edited), Droits d’entrée. Modalités et conditions d'accès aux univers artistiques, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 89-130, Paris 2006, « Une forme discrète de pauvreté : les personnes logées utilisant les distributions de repas chauds », Économie et Statistique, n°391-392, INSEE, Paris 2004, (with Albert Vanderburg), Le monde d'Albert la Panthère, cybernaute et sans-domicile à Honolulu, Bréal, coll. d'Autre Part, Paris 2004, « Les personnes sans domicile ou mal logées (The homeless or poorly housed) », Travail, Genre et Sociétés, n° 11, pp. 79–93. 2004, (with Martine Quaglia and Nicolas Razafindratsima), « Les sans domicile et les services itinérants », Travaux de l'Observatoire de l'exclusion 2003-2004, pp. 255–290, Paris 2003, (with Pascal Arduin and Isabelle Frechon), « Aspects dynamiques de la situation des personnes sans domicile : une analyse des méthodes mises en oeuvre dans plusieurs pays occidentaux », In Représentations, trajectoires et politiques publiques, les SDF, Paris, p. 13-33. 2001, « Problems in Comparative and Triangulated Homelessness Research », BMS, Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique, n° 71, July p. 5-57, Paris 2001, (with Jean-Marie Firdion), « Les ressources des jeunes sans domicile et en situation précaire », Recherches et prévisions, n° 65, septembre, Paris 2001, (with Thomas Amosse, Anne Doussin, Jean-Marie Firdion and Thierry Rochereau), « Vie et santé des jeunes sans domicile ou en situation précaire », Questions d’économie de la santé, n°40, Paris 2001, (with Thomas Amosse, Anne Doussin, Jean-Marie Firdion and Thierry Rochereau), Vie et santé des jeunes sans domicile ou en situation précaire, Credes, Paris 2000, (with Jean-Marie Firdion and Monique Meron), « Le passé difficile des jeunes sans domicile », Population et Sociétés, INED, n°363, Paris 2000, (edited with Jean-Marie Firdion), La rue et le foyer. Une recherche sur les sans-domicile et les mal-logés dans les années 90, Travaux et Documents de l'INED, INED, Paris 1999, « Les sans-domicile à Paris et aux États-Unis », Données sociales, INSEE, Paris 1999, « Un avantage sous contrainte : le risque moindre pour les femmes de se trouver sans abri », Population, 54 (6), INED, p. 885-932. 1999, « La modélisation des "effets de quartier" aux États-Unis - Une revue des travaux récents », Population, INED, 54 (2), p. 303-330. 1998, (with Jean-Marie Firdion), The homeless in Paris : a representative sample survey of users of services for the homeless, in Dragana Avramov, ed, Coping with homelessness : issues to be tackled and best practices in Europe, Ashgate Publishing, p. 221-251. External links Page in the French Wikipedia. Page of Maryse Marpsat on the CSU web-site French sociologists French statisticians 1951 births Living people

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17165338

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%20Worthington%20Ground

Bass Worthington Ground

The Bass Worthington Ground was a cricket ground located along Derby Road in Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire. The ground was bordered to the east and north by the Pirelli tyre factory. History Originally named for the Worthington Brewery based in Burton, the first recorded match held at the ground was in 1954 when Burton-on-Trent played Derbyshire Club and Ground. The ground later played host to two first-class matches for Derbyshire against Oxford University in 1975 and Cambridge University in 1976, with Derbyshire winning both matches. Staffordshire also first played at the ground in 1975, in a Minor Counties Championship match against Durham. The county played a further seven Minor Counties Championship matches there, the last of which came against Hertfordshire. The last recorded match played there was in 1991, between the Staffordshire Cricket Association and the Yorkshire Cricket Association, after which the ground was abandoned, with just the pavilion remaining. By 2018 industrial units had been constructed on the ground. Directly to the west is the Pirelli Stadium, home ground of Burton Albion F.C. Records First-class Highest team total: 335 by Derbyshire v Oxford University, 1975 Lowest team total: 107 by Cambridge University v Derbyshire, 1976 Highest individual innings: 151 by Brian Bolus for Derbyshire v Oxford University, 1975 Best bowling in an innings: 8-77 by Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan for Derbyshire v Oxford University, 1975 Best bowling in a match: 10-111 by Geoff Miller for Derbyshire v Cambridge University, 1976 See also List of cricket grounds in England and Wales References External links Bass Worthington Ground at ESPNcricinfo Bass Worthington Ground at CricketArchive Derbyshire County Cricket Club Staffordshire County Cricket Club Defunct cricket grounds in England Cricket grounds in Staffordshire Sport in Burton upon Trent Defunct sports venues in Staffordshire Sports venues completed in 1954 1954 establishments in England

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17165346

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Tr%C3%AAs%20Lagoas

Roman Catholic Diocese of Três Lagoas

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Três Lagoas () is a diocese located in the city of Três Lagoas in the Ecclesiastical province of Campo Grande in Brazil. History January 3, 1978: Established as Diocese of Três Lagoas from the Diocese of Campo Grande Leadership Bishops of Três Lagoas (Roman rite), in reverse chronological order Bishop Luiz Gonçalves Knupp (2015.02.25 - Bishop José Moreira Bastos Neto (2007.01.07 - 2014.04.26) Bishop Izidoro Kosinski, C.M. (1981.05.08 – 2007.01.07) Bishop Geraldo Majela Reis (later Archbishop) (1978.01.03 – 1981.02.03) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1978 Tres Lagoas, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century

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17165361

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDPCP

NDPCP

5'-guanosyl-methylene-triphosphate (GDPCP) and 5'-adenosyl-methylene-triphosphate (ADPCP) are analogues of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), which store chemical energy from metabolism in the cell. Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) such as ATP and GTP yields energy, inorganic phosphate (Pi or PPi), and either NDP or NMP. GDPCP and ADPCP are not subject to hydrolysis under the same conditions as NTPs; it is this property which makes them useful in experiments in biochemistry and molecular biology. NTPs can be hydrolyzed at the phosphodiester bonds between phosphates, releasing energy and one or more of the three phosphate groups. Additionally, NTPs are inextricable components of some proteins, where their role may be structural and need not involve hydrolysis. In some cases, the presence of an NTP may be required for association of one protein with another, while hydrolysis is necessary for dissociation. GDPCP and ADPCP could be used in such a case, since association can still occur, but hydrolysis-dependent dissociation cannot. GDPCP was used to examine the prokaryotic elongation factor EF-Tu. EF-Tu is required for the elongation phase of protein synthesis (translation). EF-Tu requires GTP in order for the ribosome to bind it, necessary for recruiting an aminoacyl-tRNA. The later dissociation of EF-Tu from the ribosome, however, requires that the GTP first be hydrolyzed to GDP and Pi. GDPCP was used in place of GTP to differentiate between these two steps: the elongation factor could associate, but without hydrolysis, it was effectively stuck. References Nucleotides

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17165367

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Batesole

Mike Batesole

Michael Harold Batesole (born March 28, 1964) is an American former baseball coach. He previously served as coach of the Cal State Northridge Matadors (1996–2002) and the Fresno State Bulldogs (2003–2022). Early life, playing career, and education Born in Anaheim, California, Batesole graduated from Garden Grove High School in 1982 and began his college baseball career at Oral Roberts University. At Oral Roberts, Batesole started at third base from 1983 to 1985 and finished with a .285 batting average, 31 home runs, and 148 runs batted in. From 1985 to 1988, Batesole played minor league baseball in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization. In 1990, Batesole completed his bachelor's degree in kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton. He later completed a master's degree in biomechanics from the same university. During his graduate studies, Batesole was an instructor in the Health and Physical Education Department. Coaching career Assistant coach (1986–1995) From 1986 to 1987 and again in 1991, Batesole was an assistant coach at Orange Coast College, a junior college in Costa Mesa, California. After completing his master's degree, Batesole was an assistant coach at another Southern California junior college in the 1993 season, Cypress College. Batesole joined the coaching staff of Bill Kernen at Cal State Northridge in July 1993. As an assistant, Batesole specialized in coaching infielders and calling the offense. Cal State Northridge (1996–2002) Following the resignation of Kernen in August 1995, Cal State Northridge promoted Batesole to interim head coach. Batesole led Cal State Northridge to a 52–18 record, NCAA Regionals runner-up appearance, and first Western Athletic Conference (WAC) title in school history in his debut season of 1996. Cal State Northridge promoted Batesole long-term as head coach in July 1996. Batesole led Cal State Northridge through its transition out of the WAC to independence (1997 to 2000) to the Big West Conference in 2001. In its first year of independence in 1997, Cal State Northridge went 42–20–1. After leading a team largely consisting of freshmen and junior college transfers to a 37–19 record in 1998, Batesole earned National Coach of the Year honors from Collegiate Baseball. The Big West Coach of the Year in 2002, Batesole reached his 250th career win that season and led Cal State Northridge to a 41–17 season, its first Big West title, as well as an NCAA Regionals appearance. In seven seasons from 1996 to 2002, Batesole led Cal State Northridge to a cumulative 256–158–1 record, the second most wins for a head coach in program history. Fresno State (2003–2022) On May 28, 2002, California State University, Fresno hired Batesole to be head coach of the Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team following the retirement of 34-year head coach Bob Bennett. Batesole led Fresno State to six WAC tournament titles: four straight from 2006 to 2009 and two more in 2011 and 2012, in addition to five WAC regular season titles: three straight from 2006 to 2008 and two more from 2010 to 2011. Fresno State moved from the WAC to Mountain West Conference (MW) beginning in the 2013 season. In 2016, Fresno State won the MW regular season title for its first championship in that conference, for which Batesole won MW Coach of the Year honors. On December 8, 2022, Batesole retired from coaching. 2008 national championship In 2008, he coached Fresno State to their first College World Series appearance in seventeen years by defeating #3 Arizona State, and then defeating #6 Rice University, #2 University of North Carolina to advance to the championship, and then defeating #8 University of Georgia in the final two games in a best two-out-of-three championship series winning 19–10 in the second game, and 6–1 in the third game to win Fresno State their first NCAA Men's Championship. Head coaching records The following is a list of Batesole's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach. References External links Official bio 1964 births Living people Bakersfield Dodgers players Baseball first basemen Baseball third basemen Cal State Northridge Matadors baseball coaches California State University, Fullerton alumni California State University, Fullerton faculty Fresno State Bulldogs baseball coaches Great Falls Dodgers players Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball players San Antonio Missions players Vero Beach Dodgers players Orange Coast Pirates baseball coaches Baseball players from Garden Grove, California Baseball players from Anaheim, California Baseball coaches from California

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17165392

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McDonough

John McDonough

John McDonough may refer to: John McDonough (businessman) (1951–2023), British businessman, CEO of Carillion John McDonough (Savannah mayor) (1849–1926), American politician, mayor of Savannah, Georgia, 1891–1895 John McDonough (sports executive) (born 1953), president of the Chicago Blackhawks John McDonough (American football referee) (1916–1978), American pro football referee John McDonough (piper) (died 1850s), Irish piper John E. McDonough (born 1953), member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1985–1997 John J. McDonough (mayor) (1895–1962), American politician, mayor of St. Paul, Minnesota, 1940–1948 John J. McDonough (Massachusetts politician), member of the Boston School Committee John P. McDonough (politician) (born 1950), American politician from Maryland John P. McDonough (chaplain) (1928–2021), Chief of Chaplains of the U.S. Air Force John T. McDonough (1843–1917), American politician, Secretary of State of New York 1899–1902, and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, 1903–1904 Jack McDonough (1879–1955), Australian rules footballer

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17165436

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPCP

TPCP

TPCP may refer to: Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone in Chemistry Third Party Control Protocol in communications That Peter Crouch Podcast in entertainment

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17165439

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD7

MD7

MD7 or MD-7 may refer to: Maryland Route 7 Maryland's 7th congressional district Moorish Delta 7, a British hip-hop group

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17165442

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn%20Cauteruccio

Martín Cauteruccio

Martín Andrés Cauteruccio Rodríguez (born 14 April 1987) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Argentine club Independiente. Career Born in Montevideo, Cauteruccio began his professional career with local side Nacional. He joined Argentine Primera División side Quilmes, where he would lead the club in goal-scoring despite the club's struggles near the bottom of the league table. On 10 July 2013, Cauteruccio signed Argentine Primera División side San Lorenzo. On 11 January 2017, Cauteruccio joined Liga MX side Cruz Azul on a 2-year deal. On 30 December 2016, Cauteruccio finalized a deal to return to the Argentine Primera División with Estudiantes, on a 18-month deal. On 25 June 2021, Cauteruccio rescinded his contract with Estudiantes to join rival Aldosivi on a 18-month deal. On 22 December 2022, Cauteruccio signed with Independiente on a 2-year deal, after rescinding his contract with Aldosivi. Career statistics Honours San Lorenzo Argentine Primera División: 2013 Inicial Copa Libertadores: 2014 Supercopa Argentina: 2015 Cruz Azul Copa MX: Apertura 2018 Supercopa MX: 2019 Leagues Cup: 2019 Individual Copa MX Top Scorer: Apertura 2018 References External links 1987 births Living people Uruguayan sportspeople of Italian descent Uruguayan men's footballers Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers Men's association football forwards Club Nacional de Football players Central Español players Racing Club de Montevideo players Quilmes Atlético Club footballers San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers Cruz Azul footballers Estudiantes de La Plata footballers Club Atlético Aldosivi footballers Uruguayan Primera División players Argentine Primera División players Primera Nacional players Liga MX players Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Argentina Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Mexico Expatriate men's footballers in Argentina Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico Footballers from Montevideo Copa Libertadores-winning players Club Atlético Independiente footballers

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17165444

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20impact%20of%20HIV/AIDS

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS affects economic growth by reducing the availability of human capital. Without proper prevention, nutrition, health care and medicine that is available in developing countries, large numbers of people are developing AIDS. People living with HIV/AIDS will not only be unable to work, but will also require significant medical care. The forecast is that this will probably cause a collapse of babies and societies in countries with a significant AIDS population. In some heavily infected areas, the epidemic has left behind many orphans, who are cared for by elderly grandparents. The increased mortality in this region will result in a smaller skilled population and labor force. This smaller labor force will be predominantly young people, with reduced knowledge and work experience leading to reduced productivity. An increase in workers' time off to look after sick family members or for sick leave will also lower productivity. Increased mortality will also weaken the mechanisms that generate human capital and investment in people, through loss of income and the death of parents. As the epidemic progresses, the age profile of those infected will increase, though the peak is expected to stay within the working age population. HIV disproportionately infects and impacts on women, so those sectors employing large numbers of women e.g. education, may be disproportionately economically impacted by HIV Effect on taxable population By killing off mainly young adults, AIDS seriously weakens the taxable population, reducing the resources available for public expenditures such as education and health services not related to AIDS resulting in increasing pressure for the state's finances and slower growth of the economy. This results in a slower growth of the tax base, an effect that will be reinforced if there are growing expenditures on treating the sick, training (to replace sick workers), sick pay and caring for AIDS orphans. This is especially true if the sharp increase in adult mortality shifts the responsibility and blame from the family to the government in caring for these orphans. On the level of the household, AIDS results in both the loss of income and increased spending on healthcare by the household. The income effects of this led to spending reduction as well as a substitution effect away from education and towards healthcare and funeral spending. A study in Côte d'Ivoire showed that households with an HIV/AIDS patient spent twice as much on medical expenses as other households. With economic stimulus from the government, however, HIV/AIDS can be fought through the economy. With some money, HIV/AIDS patients will have to worry less about getting enough food and shelter and more about fighting their disease. However, if economic conditions aren't good, a person with HIV/AIDS may decide to become a sex trade worker to earn more money. As a result, more people become infected with HIV/AIDS. Relationship to GDP UNAIDS, WHO and the United Nations Development Programme have documented a correlation between the decreasing life expectancies and the lowering of gross national product in many African countries with prevalence rates of 10% or more. Indeed, since 1992 predictions that AIDS would slow economic growth in these countries have been published. The degree of impact depended on assumptions about the extent to which illness would be funded by savings and who would be infected. Conclusions reached from models of the growth trajectories of 30 sub-Saharan economies over the period 1990–2025 were that the economic growth rates of these countries would be between 0.56 and 1.47% lower. The impact on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was less conclusive. However, in 2000, the rate of growth of Africa's per capita GDP was in fact reduced by 0.7% per year from 1990 to 1997 with a further 0.3% per year lower in countries also affected by malaria. The forecast now is that the growth of GDP for these countries will undergo a further reduction of between 0.5 and 2.6% per annum. However, these estimates may be an underestimate, as they do not look at the effects on output per capita. Response in sub-Saharan Africa Many governments in sub-Saharan Africa denied that there was a problem for years, and are only now starting to work towards solutions. Underfunding is a problem in all areas of HIV prevention when compared to even conservative estimates of the problems. Recent research by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) has suggested that the private sector has begun to recognize the impact of HIV/AIDS on the bottom line, both directly and indirectly. It is estimated that a company can generate an average return of US$3 for every US$1 invested in employee health due to a reduced absenteeism, better productivity and reduction in employee turnover. Indirectly there are also important implications on the supply chain. Many multi-national corporations (MNCs) have therefore gotten involved in HIV/AIDS initiatives of three main types: a community-based partnerships, supply chain support, and sector-based initiatives. The launching of the world's first official HIV/AIDS Toolkit in Zimbabwe on October 3, 2006, is a product of collaborative work between the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Health Organization and the Southern Africa HIV/AIDS Information Dissemination Service. It is for the strengthening of people living with HIV/AIDS and nurses by minimal external support. The package, which is in form of eight modules focusing on basic facts about HIV and AIDS, was pre-tested in Zimbabwe in March 2006 to determine its adaptability. It disposes, among other things, categorized guidelines on clinical management, education and counseling of people with AIDS at community level. Copenhagen Consensus The Copenhagen Consensus is a project that seeks to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methodologies based on the theory of welfare economics. The participants are all economists, with the focus of the project a rational prioritization based on economic analysis. The project is based on the contention that, in spite of the billions of dollars spent on global challenges by the United Nations, the governments of wealthy nations, foundations, charities, and non-governmental organizations, the money spent on problems such as malnutrition and climate change is not sufficient to meet many internationally agreed targets. The highest priority was assigned to implementing new measures to prevent the spread of HIV and AIDS. The economists estimated that an investment of $27 billion could avert nearly 30 million new infections by 2010. See also Economic impact analysis References External links An early report of the consequences of AIDS The impact of AIDS in the United States (PDF) Consequences of events Economic problems Health economics HIV/AIDS

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17165453

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Hines

Bryan Hines

Bryan Hines (May 14, 1896 – September 10, 1964) was an American wrestler and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, where he won a bronze medal in freestyle bantamweight. References External links 1896 births 1964 deaths Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics American male sport wrestlers Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in wrestling Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics People from Morehead, Kentucky Sportspeople from Kentucky 20th-century American sportsmen

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17165460

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retford%20Oaks%20Academy

Retford Oaks Academy

Retford Oaks Academy is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in the market town of Retford, Nottinghamshire, England, situated in the district of Bassetlaw. Academic performance The school has improved from a poor starting point since opening in 2003. The number of students achieving 5 or more A* to C grades at GCSE has risen from 20% in 2006 to 49% in 2011. The opening of the separate sixth form centre with The Elizabethan Academy, effectively operating as a sixth form college, has produced A level results above the England average. Ofsted Retford Oaks Academy was last inspected in July 2017, with the overall judgement being that it is a ‘good’ school. The report highlighted the steps that have been taken to ensure a positive, safe and successful learning experience for all students. History The school was established in 2003 with the amalgamation of two of the schools in Retford. His Royal Highness, The Duke of Kent formally opened the school in October 2008. In September 2009 the school was designated as a specialist sports college with its second subject being Mathematics. In September 2011 the school officially became academy as part of the Diverse Academies Trust. Older schools: King Edward VI Grammar School and the Girls' High School The King Edward VI School was on London Road. It was previously known as the King Edward VI Grammar School and the oldest part of the school buildings (opened in August 1857) was designed by Decimus Burton. The Grammar School magazine was called The Retfordian. The school motto was Ex Pulvere Palma. In later years the school's senior houses were Edward, Foljambe, Gough, and Overend. The junior houses were Bescoby, Darrell, Laycock, and Mason (all named after school benefactors). The school usually traced its original foundation back to Thomas Gunthorpe of Babworth in 1519 although there are references to a still earlier school in the town. It was refounded around 1551 during the reign of King Edward VI. It subsequently had a chequered history, twice coming close to collapse during the 19th century. The school accepted boarders from at least the 17th century onwards, but the last boarders left in 1938. During the Second World War a number of boys from the Great Yarmouth Grammar School were evacuated to Retford (from 1940 to 1944), and were taught in classrooms at King Edward VI Grammar School. Headmasters of King Edward VI Grammar School ?1551 Rev. Christopher Say, LL.B., Jesus College, Cambridge 1588 Rev. George Turvyn, MA, MA, Trinity College, Cambridge [or George Turvin] ?1605 Rev Thomas Cooper, MA, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1628 Rev. Nicholas Dickons, MA, Pembroke College, Cambridge [or Nicholas Dickens] 1638 Thomas Stacey, MA, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1642 Rev. Thomas Dand, MA, Trinity College, Cambridge 1669 Robert Pinchbeck. 1670 Henry Boawre, MA, St John's College, Cambridge [or Henry Boare/Henry Bower] 1702 Rev. Thomas Moore, St John's College, Cambridge 1708 Rev. Henry Stevenson 1748 Rev. Seth Ellis Stevenson, MA, Peterhouse, Cambridge A diary kept by Seth Ellis Stevenson between 1752-55 survives in Wigan Archives. Another diary from 1760-77 is in Nottingham University Library. 1793 Rev. William Tyre, MA, Pembroke College, Oxford 1801 Rev. William Mould, MA, Peterhouse, Cambridge 1838 Rev. William Henry Trentham, MA, St John's College, Cambridge Trentham resigned and died in 1842. From 1842-47 no headmaster was appointed, although the usher, James Holderness, continued to teach a few pupils 1847 Rev. John Henry Brown, MA, Trinity College, Cambridge (later headmaster of Brewood Grammar School, Staffordshire) Following Brown's departure, no headmaster was appointed between 1850-57. Henry Clarke Mitchinson, the usher and sole remaining teacher, was acting headmaster, but his alleged harshness in corporal punishment led to various complaints and to an eventual court case. 1857 Rev. Jonathan Page Clayton, MA, Caius College, Cambridge 1866 Rev. Edward Swinden Sanderson, MA, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1870 Rev. Frederick Richard Pentreath, MA, DD, Worcester College, Oxford 1873 Rev. Alfred John Church, MA, Lincoln College, Oxford 1880 Rev. Oliver Carter Cockrem, MA, LLD, Trinity College, Dublin 1886 Rev. Thomas Gough, BSc, FGS, London University Gough was formerly headmaster of Elmfield College, York. Historian A D Grounds commented that "he may with justice be called the school's second founder". 1919 Charles Roland Skrimshire, MA, Merton College, Oxford 1926 Charles William Pilkington-Rogers, MA, BSc., Queens’ College, Cambridge 1950 John Charles Havelock Gover, MA, Emmanuel College, Cambridge c1972 Tom Savage c1978 Michael Allen After amalgamating with the Sir Frederick Milner Secondary School in 1979, the new establishment was known simply as the King Edward VI School until the eventual second merger into the Oaks School. Earlier there was also Retford High School for Girls on Pelham Road – a Girls' grammar school. Previous schools up to 2003 Before 1979, the former Sir Frederick Milner Secondary School (an all-male secondary modern school) was on Pennington Walk, with around 500 boys, in the east of the town. This became part of the King Edward VI School, a voluntary controlled school, and was used as the sixth form site prior to the new Post-16 centre being opened in 2007. The former site will become residential properties. Sir Frederick Milner was the Conservative MP from 1890 to 1906 for Bassetlaw. The former Retford Oaks School was on a site towards Ordsall near the former leisure centre, which was the former Ordsall Hall School on Ordsall Road (now the Post-16 Centre). This merged with the King Edward VI School in 2003 forming the current school. Regeneration Similar to five other schools in Bassetlaw (two in Worksop and one in Tuxford, Bircotes and The Elizabethan High School in Retford), the school underwent an extensive rebuilding programme under PFI funding. It was not possible to develop the King Edward VI School site as a Post-16 Centre (even though the county council wanted to), because the county council did not own the property so an entirely new site was built on Babworth Road. This site is for ages 11–16. On the former Ordsall Hall site, a new leisure centre was built (nextdoor) in January 2008 and a separate Post-16 (sixth form) Centre was built in September 2007, when the 11–16 site opened as well. Worksop has also had a new sixth form (and leisure centre) built under the same PFI contract. Notable former pupils King Edward VI School JS Clayden, vocalist for British musical group Pitchshifter, founder of PSI Records King Edward VI Grammar School Anthony Barber, Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1970 to 1974 and Conservative MP Wing Commander Edward Barton CBE, electronic engineer and chief signals and radar officer of the RAF Pathfinder Force, helped to develop the Oboe navigation system John Hedley Brooke, historian of science Dr Michael Clark, Conservative MP Doc Cox, musician and former television journalist John Glasby, writer Sir Stuart Goodwin, industrialist and philanthropist Dick Herrick, Anglican priest Frank Fairbairn Laming, Anglican priest Jim McCairns pilot Samuel Milner, physicist Air Marshal Sir Alec Morris KBE, CB, Chief Engineer from 1981 to 1983 of the RAF John Pater CB, civil servant largely responsible for creating the NHS (England and Wales) in 1948 Ian Robinson, literary critic and English lecturer John Taylor, publisher, essayist, and writer Sir Lionel Thompson CBE, Deputy Master and Comptroller of the Royal Mint from 1950 to 1957 John Warham, photographer Joe Wright CMG, UK Ambassador from 1975–78 to Ivory Coast, Upper Volta and Niger Sir Frederick Milner Secondary Modern (to 1979) Derek Randall, England cricketer Tim Stockdale, equestrian and show-jumper See also The Elizabethan High School – the other Retford comprehensive on Hallcroft Road. King Edward VI Grammar School, Retford - London Road Retford Post 16 Centre – Post 16 centre run in partnership with The Elizabethan High School Listed buildings in Retford References External links Retford Oaks High School PE Dept Bassetlaw PFI History of Retford Grammar School Old Retfordian Post 16 Centre EduBase King Edward VI School photo News items Attack in August 2006 Independent September 1998 Educational institutions established in 2003 Secondary schools in Nottinghamshire People educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Retford Retford Academies in Nottinghamshire King Edward VI Schools 2003 establishments in England

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17165465

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Foz%20do%20Igua%C3%A7u

Roman Catholic Diocese of Foz do Iguaçu

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Foz do Iguaçu () is a diocese located in the city of Foz do Iguaçu in the Ecclesiastical province of Cascavel in Brazil. History May 10, 1926: Established as Territorial Prelature of Foz do Iguaçu from the Diocese of Curitiba 1959: Suppressed (to Diocese of Campo Mourão and Diocese of Toledo) May 5, 1978: Restored as Diocese of Foz do Iguaçu from the Diocese of Toledo Leadership Ordinaries, in reverse chronological order Bishops of Foz do Iguaçu (Roman rite) Bishop Sérgio de Deus Borges (2019.09.07 – ...) Bishop Dirceu Vegini (2010.10.20 – 2018.09.29) Bishop Laurindo Guizzardi, C.S. (1982.02.12 – 2010.10.20) Bishop Olívio Aurélio Fazza, S.V.D. (1978.05.05 – 2001.11.28) Prelates of Foz do Iguaçu (Roman Rite) Bishop Manoel Könner, S.V.D. (1947.12.13 – 1959.06.20) Fr. Manoel Könner, S.V.D. (later Bishop) (Apostolic Administrator 1940.02.17 – 1947.12.13) References GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Foz do Iguacu, Roman Catholic Diocese of Christian organizations established in 1926 Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century Foz do Iguaçu

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17165481

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20Cappadocia

Rufus Cappadocia

Rufus Cappadocia is a Canadian-American cellist best known for his cross-cultural recordings and performances. He has released albums in collaboration with guitarist David Fiuczynski, singer Bethany Yarrow, Stellamara with Sonja Drakulich, multi-instrumentalist Ross Daly and The Paradox Trio with Matt Dariau. Biography Cappadocia was born and raised in Hamilton, Ontario. He began playing cello at the age of 3. Cappadocia went on to study classically at McGill University in Montreal, where he spent much of his spare time studying sounds and music from lesser-known musical traditions in the university's ethno-musicology department. He left school, and traveled to the south of France and to Spain, where he played as a street musician. In his travels, be continued to pick up new sounds and ethnic styles, which he blended into his own. Partly to improve his ability to compete with other street musicians, Cappadocia decided to "add a bass register" to his cello. He left Europe, and is now based in New York. His musical style blends "the similarities between seemingly diverse music forms such as blues, Sufi, Middle Eastern and even Gregorian chant. To him they are all compatible, microtonal modes of music." Cappadocia's past collaborations have included participation in the jazz group The Paradox Trio and the World Music group Trance Mission. He has also produced CDs with guitarist David Fiuczynski and singer/songwriter Bethany Yarrow. Discography Rufus Cappadocia and David Fiuczynski Rufus and Bethany Solo releases References External links Rufus Cappadocia's official website Profile of Cappadocia at NPR TED Talks: Bruno Bowden folds while Rufus Cappadocia plays (TED2008) Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Musicians from Hamilton, Ontario McGill University School of Music alumni Canadian cellists Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States

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17165482

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changeset

Changeset

In version control software, a changeset (also known as commit and revision) is a set of alterations packaged together, along with meta-information about the alterations. A changeset describes the exact differences between two successive versions in the version control system's repository of changes. Changesets are typically treated as an atomic unit, an indivisible set, by version control systems. This is one synchronization model. Terminology In the Git version control system a changeset is called a commit, not to be confused with the commit operation that is used to commit a changeset (or in Git's case technically a snapshot) to a repository. Other version control systems also use other names to refer to changesets, for example Darcs calls them "patches", while Pijul refers to them as "changes". Metadata Version control systems attach metadata to changesets. Typical metadata includes a description provided by the programmer (a "commit message" in Git lingo), the name of the author, the date of the commit, etc. Unique identifiers are an important part of the metadata which version control systems attach to changesets. Centralized version control systems, such as Subversion and CVS simply use incrementing numbers as identifiers. Distributed version control systems, such as Git, generate a unique identifier by applying a cryptographic hash function to the changeset. Best practices Because version control systems operate on changesets as atomic units, and because communication within development teams improves performance, there are certain best practices to follow when creating changesets. Only the 2 most significant are mentioned here, changeset content atomicity and changeset descriptions. Changeset content should involve only one task or fix, and contain only code which works and does not knowingly break existing functionality. Changeset descriptions should be short, recording why the modification was made, the modification's effect or purpose, and describing non-obvious aspects of how the change works. See also Patch (computing) Snapshot (computer storage) References Version control systems

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17165491

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcomes%20Research%20Consortium

Outcomes Research Consortium

The Outcomes Research Consortium (stylized as OUTCOMES RESEARCH) is an international clinical research group that focuses on the perioperative period (during and after surgery), along with critical care and pain management. The Consortium's aim is to improve the quality of care for surgical, critical care, and chronic pain patients and to "Provide the evidence for evidence-based practice." Members of the Consortium are especially interested in testing simple, low-risk, and inexpensive treatments that have the potential to markedly improve patients' surgical experiences. The 25-year anniversary of the Consortium and its accomplishments were celebrated in an editorial in Anesthesiology. The editorial starts: History The Outcomes Research Group was formed in 1990 at the University of California San Francisco, and thus celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2015. The Consortium now includes about 130 university-based investigators at more than 20 hospitals in 10 countries. The primary requirement for membership is ongoing active collaboration with Consortium members. It is by far the world's largest and most productive clinical anesthesia research group. The Consortium's administrative center is the Department of Outcomes Research in the Anesthesiology Institute at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The director is Daniel I. Sessler, MD and the associate director is Andrea Kurz, MD. The Consortium differs from many organizations in not being a society, association, or foundation. Nor it is a company. In fact, the Consortium does not legally exist. A consequence is that grant funding always flows directly to members' institutions, an intentionally unusual structure designed to prevent members from having perceived conflicts of commitment between the Consortium and their academic institutions. Research highlights The Consortium coordinates more than 100 clinical studies, including large multi-center outcome studies. Among the Consortium's more than 900 full papers, about 200 papers were in Anesthesiology and a comparable number were in Anesthesia & Analgesia; well over a dozen were published in The New England Journal of Medicine or The Lancet. The Consortium's papers have been cited about 30,000 times. Since 2008, nineteen of the Consortium's articles have been features on the covers of Anesthesiology or Anesthesia & Analgesia. Consortium members were among the first anesthesia investigators to conduct large-scale outcome trials. That is, randomized trials with meaningful "hard" primary outcomes. Large outcome trials remain a focus for the group. They were also among the first anesthesia investigators to conduct large-scale registry research. Taking advantage of dense interconnected registries at the Cleveland Clinic, along with half-a-dozen national databases, the group has conducted hundreds of cohort, case-control, and health policy analyses. For example, they have developed several accurate risk-stratification models which permit accurate comparisons across divergent patient groups (i.e., risk-adjusted comparisons amongst hospitals). Temperature regulation during surgery Body temperature is normally tightly regulated to about 37 °C (98.6 °F), with women being slightly warmer than men. The Consortium is perhaps best known for perioperative thermoregulation, with members having published far more on the subject than all other investigators combined. In a series of several hundred studies, for example, Consortium members identified dose-dependent effects of every major anesthetic and sedative on thermoregulatory control, and consequent alterations in heat balance. Impaired temperature control, combined with a cold operating room environment, makes most unwarmed surgical patients hypothermic by 1-3 °C. In contrast, patients warmed with forced-air are usually normothermic by the end of surgery. Randomized trials by the Consortium have shown that just a 1-2 °C reduction in body temperature markedly increases the risk of wound infection, prolongs recovery and hospitalization, increases blood loss and transfusion requirement, and slows drug metabolism. Because hypothermia causes so many serious complications, The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) and Physicians Quality Forum have each made perioperative normothermia an outcome measure for hospital quality. Consortium thermoregulatory research has been covered by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the Philadelphia Inquirer, Reuters Health, and United Press International. Red hair and anesthesia 150 years after their discovery, how anesthetic gases work remains unknown. They work well in all mammals, rodents, insects, worms, fish, bacteria, and even plants. The dose required in various species doesn't differ much from the dose in humans. In non-human species, there are distinct genetic characteristics that clearly influence anesthetic sensitivity. But until recently, no genetic factors were known to influence anesthetic requirement in humans. In a series of studies, Consortium members have shown that the effective dose of anesthetic gases is about 20% greater in natural redheads than in people with other hair colors. Red hair results from a mutation of the melanocortin-1 receptor. The Consortium's results thus indicate that something about this receptor influences anesthetic action. Red hair was the first phenotype (physically apparent characteristics linked to a genetic mutation) linked to anesthetic requirement in humans, and remains the only one. Consortium research on red hair and anesthetic requirement has been covered by the San Francisco Examiner, The Globe and Mail, Reader's Digest, and National Geographic. In further research, members of the Consortium found that redheads are resistant to local anesthetics. Consequently, they are more likely to suffer pain during dental procedures — and are therefore reluctant to receive needed dental care. Consortium research on red hair and dental avoidance has been covered by Macleans, the Boston Herald, and The New York Times. Postoperative Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery (MINS) The Consortium routinely collaborates with the two other large anesthesia trial groups: 1) the Population Health Research Institute (PJ Devereaux); and 2) the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Trials Network (Paul Myles and Kate Leslie). In a series of huge trials, the groups have shown that perioperative myocardial injury is common, clinically silent, deadly — and hard to prevent. The Population Health Research Institute and Consortium dubbed this phenomenon, first described in the landmark 2012 VISION Study, as Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery, or MINS. All-cause one-month mortality after non-cardiac surgery is about 1%; amongst inpatients, it is about 2%. In fact, if the postoperative period were considered a distinct disease, it would be the third leading cause of death in the United States. The leading cause of unexpected death after otherwise routine surgery is myocardial infarction. Worldwide, 9% of surgical inpatients over the age of 45 years have a postoperative myocardial infarction — making infarctions by far the leading cause of unexpected death after otherwise routine surgery. Only 15% of postoperative infarctions present with chest pain, and 65% are entirely clinically silent which means that they will not be detected without routine blood testing for troponin (a sensitive biomarker for myocardial injury). Thirty-day mortality in patients with elevated postoperative troponin (with or without symptoms) is 10% which represents a factor-of-five increase. The number-needed-to-test to detect postoperative infarctions that would otherwise be missed is roughly 1/(9%-2%) = 14 patients. This is a much smaller number than for many other tests we do routinely for conditions that are far less deadly. Consistent with this logic, the current Universal Definition of MI guidelines recommends: "Routine monitoring of cardiac biomarkers in high-risk patients after major surgery is therefore recommended." Although how perioperative myocardial infarctions should be treated remains under active investigation, it is nonetheless well worth monitoring troponin to screen for infarctions because the prognosis is poor, and infarctions represent opportunities to make sure blood pressure, heart rate, and lipids are controlled. They are also an opportunity for life-style guidance, including recommendations related to smoking cessation, exercise, and diet. How to prevent postoperative myocardial injury remains unknown. Beta blockers prevent myocardial infarctions, but at the cost of devastating strokes. Avoiding nitrous oxide does not prevent infarctions, but also does no harm. Aspirin also does not prevent infarctions, while promoting serious surgical bleeding.: Clonidine does not prevent infarctions, while promoting serious hypotension. And neither prevents acute kidney injury. How to prevent perioperative myocardial injury remains under active investigation, but preventing hypotension may help. The Consortium's work in this area was summarized in the New England Journal of Medicine. Acute and persistent surgical pain About a hundred Consortium studies evaluate aspects of acute pain including peripheral nerve blocks and multimodal analgesia; the group is now especially interested in persistent incisional pain. Persistent pain after surgery is surprisingly common, with 10-20% of patients reporting pain 6 or 12 months after surgery. After high risk operations such as hernia repair, mastectomy, and thoracotomy, the reported risk is up to 50%. Pain that persists at 12 months is often permanent, and many patients with pain report that it significantly interferes with their lives. Persistent incisional pain is notoriously difficult to treat. What causes acute surgical pain to become persistent remains unclear. However, it seems likely to result from some combination of local tissue injury, inflammation, and abnormal activation of excitatory pain pathways. How to prevent, much less treat persistent pain remains unknown. About a dozen current Consortium studies address this major public health issue. Other research areas Major ongoing initiatives for the consortium include acute and chronic pain management, automative or continuous vital sign monitoring, fluid management, control of the surgical stress response. A recent study shows that inadequate oxygenation after surgery is surprisingly common, severe, and long-lasting. A particular interest of the group is long-term outcomes of anesthetic management. While the effects of anesthesia have traditionally been considered to dissipate within hours of surgery, there is increasing evidence that anesthetic management may alter patient outcomes weeks, months, or even years after surgery. For example, unlikely as it might seem, there is strong basic science and animal evidence suggesting the regional analgesia (such as spinal and epidural blocks, or paravertebral nerve blocks) might reduce the risk of recurrence after potentially curative cancer surgery. The Consortium is currently conducting several large randomized trials of regional analgesia and cancer recurrence. Outcomes Research statisticians routinely publish methodology articles, and their analyses set standards for statistical approaches throughout the specialty. Furthermore, the group has also developed entirely new research methods including alternating intervention studies and automated trials coordinated by background decision support systems with completely electronic data acquisition — both being novel approaches to large-scale research. Consortium members also write about conduct of clinical research, and research directions. Consortium sites Site directors administer the most active Consortium affiliates at universities in Dublin, Tel Aviv, Vienna, Melbourne, Kyoto, Beijing, Shanghai, Hamburg, Hamilton, and Dallas. See also Clinical Research Anesthesia Cleveland Clinic Perioperative Medicine Pain Medicine References External links Outcomes Research Consortium Cleveland Clinic Department of Outcomes Research Surgery Health care quality Medical and health organizations based in Ohio

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17165517

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphytum%20officinale

Symphytum officinale

Symphytum officinale is a perennial flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. Along with thirty four other species of Symphytum, it is known as comfrey. To differentiate it from other members of the genus Symphytum, this species is known as common comfrey or true comfrey. Other English names include boneset, knitbone, consound, and slippery-root. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places. It is locally frequent throughout Ireland and Britain on river banks and ditches. It occurs elsewhere, including North America, as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees. Internal or long-term topical use of comfrey is discouraged due to its strong potential to cause liver toxicity. History Over centuries, comfrey was cultivated in Asia, Europe, and the United Kingdom as a vegetable and herbal medicine. Its early common names, knitbone or boneset, reflect its historical use by poultices of leaves and roots to treat sprains, bruises or bone fractures. Also the roots could be mashed then packed around a broken limb, when dried they formed a hardened 'plaster cast'. Description and botany Comfrey is found in moist grasslands or along riverbanks and ditches in western Asia, Europe, and North America. It is a perennial herb that is cold hardy down to and drought-tolerant. The plant can grow tall with branched, strongly winged stems. The root system has a pronounced, deep-reaching (up to 1.8 metres) taproot. The internally white roots are covered with black bark. Above ground the plant is covered in long, downward-pointing, tapering hairs that are bristly on the stems and softer on the leaves. Along the erect stems grow large simple, mostly stalked leaves in an alternate pattern. They are oval-lanceolate and 4 to 25 centimetres long. In the upper parts they are narrower, without stalks, and with margins that extend down the stems. The chromosome count is 2n = 24, 26, 36, 40, 48 or 54. Inflorescence and fruit The plant flowers from May to June with forked cymes that are initially coiled and later open out. They bear two rows of hermaphrodite flowers on nodding stalks that are 2 to 6 millimetres long. The small flowers measure 8–20 millimetres in length and 12 to 18 millimetres across the corolla. The flowers are radially symmetrical with five equal petals that are fused into a tubular or narrowly bell-shaped corolla with pointed, recurved teeth that are 2 millimetres long. Petals come in mainly two colours – typically cream to yellow or pink to purplish. Inside are 5 stamens and 1 stigma. The calyx has a tubular segment of about 2 millimetres and narrow, pointed teeth of about 4 millimetres. The fruits are segmented into 4 egg-shaped, shiny black nutlets that are 5–6 millimetres long. The plant produces significant nectar when compared to other UK plants tested. Although, it has a long tube, meaning only insects with long tongues can reach the nectar, some bees have been known to bite into the side of the flower to access the nectar – a foraging behaviour known as nectar robbing. Species differentiation With S. × uplandicum, leaf bases are not decurrent, stem internodes are not winged, and the surfaces of the seeds are brown, dull, and finely granular instead of shiny black. Additionally, Symphytum × uplandicum is generally more bristly, flowers later – between June and August –, and its flowers tend to be more blue or violet. Taxonomy The latin name epithet officinale refers to its use for medicinal preparations. The official first formal scientific species description appeared in 1753 in Species Plantarum by Carl Linnaeus, Tomus I, page 136. Subspecies include subsp. uliginosum (A. Kern.) Nyman (syn. S. uliginosum auct. non Kern., S. tanaicense), subsp. officinale, and subsp. bohemicum (F. W. Schmidt) Čelak (syn. S. bohemicum). A common hybrid is formed between Symphytum officinale and S. asperum, Symphytum × uplandicum, also known as Blue Comfrey, or Russian comfrey, which is widespread in the British Isles, interbreeds with S. officinale, and represents the economically most important kind of comfrey. Traditional medicine In folklore, Symphytum officinale roots were used in traditional medicine internally (as a herbal tea or tincture) or externally (as ointment, compresses, or alcoholic extract) for treatment of various disorders, including commonly as a treatment for reducing the pain of osteoarthritis. John Gerard, an English herbalist (1545–1612), mentions "the slimie substance of the roote made in a possett of ale" would help back pains. The leaves were also thought to be edible as a vegetable, similar to spinach. A 2013 review of clinical studies assessing the possible effect of comfrey on osteoarthritis found the research quality was too low to allow conclusions about its efficacy and safety. In Europe as of 2015, there were no comfrey products for oral use, and those for topical uses to treat bruises or joint pain were evaluated as having risk of liver toxicity. Toxicity and adverse effects Comfrey is mildly toxic. Like most Boraginaceae, it contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are toxic compounds readily absorbed via the stomach or skin, and have potential to increase the risk of fatal liver toxicity. In 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration and Federal Trade Commission banned the sale of comfrey products for internal use and use on open wounds due to its potential toxicities. A 2018 review on pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in comfrey indicated widespread potential toxicity to humans and livestock, and the opportunity for drug development from these compounds. References External links officinale Demulcents Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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17165534

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manpreet%20Gony

Manpreet Gony

Manpreet Singh Gony (born 4 January 1984) is an Indian cricketer. He is a right-arm medium pace bowler and right-hand middle order batsman. In June 2019, Gony announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, except for short-format leagues played overseas. Career Manpreet Singh Gony made his debut for Punjab in the Ranji Trophy in the season 2007–08. He was later selected for the Chennai Super Kings in the Indian Premier League. Gony has made his mark in the 2008 Indian Premier League matches. He played for the Chennai Super Kings. He was one of leading wicket takers in the Indian Premier League and also performed well with the bat, scoring crucial runs in the last overs. He was instrumental in the Chennai Super Kings victory against Delhi Daredevils. He took 17 wickets in 16 matches in the IPL tournament. His team, the Chennai Super Kings, were the runner's up of the IPL tournament. For the IPL season of 2011, Deccan Chargers picked him up for a sum of $290,000. Gony was later picked up by Kings XI Punjab for the season 6 of IPL. Gony got a chance to play his first match against KKR where he played a match winning innings of 42 off 18 balls with a strike rate of 233. He was presented with the man of the match for his powerful batting performance. Gony was drafted into the Indian cricket team for the Tri-Nation Series in Bangladesh in place of Sreesanth who was ruled out with a side strain. On 25 March 2012, Gony became the first player ever to bowl three maiden overs in a top-level Twenty20 match. Gony finished with figures of 4–3–5–3 in Punjab's Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy quarter final win against Madhya Pradesh. He still holds the joint record for bowling the most maiden overs in a single T20(3). He was the leading wicket-taker for Punjab in the 2017–18 Ranji Trophy, with 19 dismissals in five matches. In February 2017, he was bought by the Gujarat Lions team for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 60 lakhs. In June 2019, he was selected to play for the Toronto Nationals franchise team in the 2019 Global T20 Canada tournament. In October 2020, he was drafted by the Colombo Kings for the inaugural edition of the Lanka Premier League. References External links 1984 births Living people Indian cricketers India One Day International cricketers Chennai Super Kings cricketers Punjab, India cricketers Deccan Chargers cricketers Punjab Kings cricketers India Green cricketers North Zone cricketers Colombo Stars cricketers

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17165572

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Weinstein

Brian Weinstein

Brian Weinstein is a former Washington State Senator representing the 41st Legislative District. Background After a long career as an attorney representing mesothelioma victims nationwide, Weinstein was elected to the Washington State Senate in 2004 to represent the 41st legislative district of Washington (Seattle suburbs) as a Democrat, defeating a 16-year incumbent Republican legislator. Weinstein lives on Mercer Island with his wife (Gaylene Vaden) and children Trevor, Arielle and Madeleine. He graduated with honors from the University of Wisconsin–Madison with a BA in Economics in 1976. He then went on to attend the University of Texas Austin School of Law to earn his JD in 1981. He also served as the former Director of the Pike Place Market Foundation Board. In February 2009, Brian was appointed by Governor Gregoire to the Public Stadium Authority. After retiring from the legislature in 2008, Weinstein resumed the practice of law. Weinstein is currently the founder of the Weinstein Caggiano law firm in Seattle, Washington, which specializes in mesothelioma cases (involving people exposed to asbestos during their careers) and life-threatening rideshare cases, where drivers and/or riders are attacked in the Uber or Lyft cars they use. Legislative history Weinstein served as Assistant Majority Whip from 2005 to 2006. After only two years in the Senate, Weinstein was chosen by the Senate Democratic Caucus to chair the Consumer Protection and Housing Committee. Weinstein is a member of the Judiciary Committee and the Early Learning and K-12 Education Committee. In 2005 at the Governor's request, Weinstein prime sponsored the Washington Learns bill, SB 5441. Signed into law, the legislation required a comprehensive study of Washington's structure and funding of public education, including recommendations for reform. Many of the recommendations have been adopted. In 2007, he prime sponsored and helped pass the Insurance Fair Conduct Act which made it unlawful for insurers to unreasonably deny a claim for coverage or payment of benefits. The insurance industry and others tried to repeal the legislation through Referendum 67, but the voters rejected the insurance industries efforts to repeal Weinstein's law. In 2008, Weinstein sponsored and passed SB 6381 which imposes a fiduciary duty on mortgage brokers (requiring mortgage brokers to act in the best interest of the borrower). Weinstein was also instrumental in securing state funding for the Washington State Holocaust Education Resource Center. The Legislature failed to pass Weinstein's Homebuyer's Bill of Rights which would have held builders liable for shoddy construction. In 2007 and 2008 the bill passed the Senate but was never brought to a vote before the full House of Representatives. In 2008, Weinstein announced he would return to the practice of law and not run for re-election. Awards and recognition Weinstein is the recipient of the 2008 Fuse "Sizzle" award for "Favorite Gunslinger." The Washington-based online advocacy group honored Weinstein for his "four years as a fearless and relentless crusader for consumer protection." 2008 Poverty Action Leadership Award 2007 Humane Society of the United States state legislator of the year award 2006 Outstanding Legislator, Children's Alliance 2005 City of Renton Award; Washington Association of School Administrators Community Leadership Award Planned Parenthood award for exceptional commitment and effort References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Washington (state) state senators

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17165605

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuga%20pyramidalis

Ajuga pyramidalis

Ajuga pyramidalis, commonly known as pyramidal bugle, is a flowering plant of the genus Ajuga in the family Lamiaceae. It is a native plant in Europe. Description Pyramidal bugle is a perennial, herbaceous plant growing from about tall. At the base there is a rosette of stalked leaves which are significantly larger than the stem leaves. The stiff upright hairy stem is square and bears simple leaves growing in opposite pairs. They are ovate, hairy above and below and have a slightly wavy edge. The inflorescence has leaf-like bracts subtending the individual flowers. The bracts gradually get smaller towards the tip of the inflorescence, are always longer than the flowers and the upper ones are often tinged purple. The inflorescence forms a pyramid-shaped terminal spike and is formed of axillary whorls. The calyx of each flower is five-lobed, the bluish-violet corolla has a long tube and is fused, with two lips. The upper lip is very short and the lower lip is three-lobed. There are four stamens, two long and two short. The gynoecium is formed of two fused carpels and the fruit is a four-chambered schizocarp. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic. The flowers produce nectar to attract pollinators which are bumblebees and butterflies. The flowering time extends from June to August. The chromosome number is 2n = 32. Ecology The bracts in the inflorescence form effective shelters for the flowers from rain, their red-violet color enhances the signal effect of the flowers. The shaggy hairiness of the calyx protects the flower against small, crawling insects. The nectar is additionally secured by a stiff, upturned hair ring. The fruits with fleshy, oily appendages (elaiosomes) are quickly taken by ants. Distribution Rocky ground, very rare in Ireland. Also found in Scotland and Westmorland in England. Occurrence The pyramid bugle is native to in northern Europe and the Caucasus where it occurs at sea level in the British Isles, in the mountains of central and southern Europe, and in northern and western Scandinavia. It grows on almost neutral soils in open grassland, heathland and rock ledges. In the Alps, it grows at altitudes of up to . Uses The pyramid bugle, like many Ajuga species, is often erroneously claimed to hold medicinal properties and may be used for wound treatment and for metabolic disorders. References Xaver Finkenzeller: Alpenblumen, München 2003, M. A. Fischer, W. Adler & K Oswald.: Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol, Linz, 2005, Erich Oberdorfer: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora für Deutschland und angrenzende Gebiete. 8 Auflage. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001. pyramidalis Flora of Europe Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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17165611

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastri%2C%20Cythera

Kastri, Cythera

Kastri is a village in the island of Cythera, Islands regional unit, Greece. Kastri has been occupied by humans since the Bronze Age, and was an important settlement of the Early Helladic/Minoan Period of Crete. Kastri is thought to have been an early settlement of Minoan Crete. Kastri on Cythera is considerably but directly north of the ancient site of Kydonia, which was the major northwestern Cretan ancient city. See also Kydonia Line notes References Cyprian Broodbank and Evangelia Kiriatzi, The First "Minoans" of Kythera Revisited: Technology, Demography, and Landscape in the Prepalatial Aegean, American Journal of Archaeology, volume: 111, issue 2, pages 241–274, April 2007 C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008 Ohio State University, A Brief History of Northern Kythera, Kythira

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17165635

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Palmas%E2%80%93Francisco%20Beltr%C3%A3o

Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão () is a diocese located in the cities of Palmas & Francisco Beltrão in the Ecclesiastical province of Cascavel in Brazil. History December 9, 1933: Established as Territorial Prelature of Palmas from the Diocese of Lages and Diocese of Ponta Grossa January 14, 1958: Promoted as Diocese of Palmas January 7, 1987: Renamed as Diocese of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão Bishops Ordinaries Prelates of Palmas Bishop Carlos Eduardo de Sabóia Bandeira Melo, O.F.M. (13 December 1947 – 11 April 1958) Bishops of Palmas Bishop Carlos Eduardo de Sabóia Bandeira Melo, O.F.M. (11 April 1958 – 7 February 1969) Bishop Agostinho José Sartori, O.F.M. Cap. (16 February 1970 – 7 January 1987) Bishops of Palmas–Francisco Beltrão Bishop Agostinho José Sartori, O.F.M. Cap. (7 January 1987 – 24 August 2005) Bishop José Antônio Peruzzo (24 August 2005 – 7 January 2015), appointed Archbishop of Curitiba, Parana Bishop Edgar Xavier Ertl, S.A.C. (27 April 2016 – present) Auxiliary bishop Luiz Vicente Bernetti, O.A.D. (1996-2005), appointed Bishop of Apucarana, Parana Other priest of this diocese who became bishop Geremias Steinmetz, appointed Bishop of Paranavaí, Parana in 2011 References External links GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Palmas-Francisco Beltrao, Roman Catholic Diocese of Christian organizations established in 1933 Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century 1933 establishments in Brazil Francisco Beltrão

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17165651

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocolo

Mocolo

Mocolo is a proprietary video analysis server for Microsoft Windows, mostly used in interactive environments. It monitors video streams, finds interactions (presences or movements) and sends analysis results to a list of client applications in form of Open Sound Control (OSC) packets. Key features: lightweight performance, capability to analyze several video sources at the same time, connectivity toward any OSC capable application. Mocolo makes use of small amounts of CPU time and no use of the GPU, leaving enough resources for other client applications running on the same machine. External links Mocolo homepage Xtend3dLab projects page Computer vision software

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17165671

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel%20Pendleton

Nathaniel Pendleton

Nathaniel Pendleton (October 27, 1756 – October 20, 1821) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Georgia. Education and career Born on October 27, 1756, in New Kent County, Colony of Virginia, British America, Pendleton read law. He served in the Continental Army starting in 1775, during the American Revolutionary War, serving as an aide-de-camp to General Nathanael Greene in the campaigns in the southern states. He was in private practice in Savannah, Georgia until 1789. He was Attorney General of Georgia from 1785 to 1786. He was elected as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 which drafted the United States Constitution, but did not attend. He was elected to the Congress of the Confederation (Continental Congress) in 1789, but did not attend. Federal judicial service Pendleton was nominated by President George Washington on September 24, 1789, to the United States District Court for the District of Georgia, to a new seat authorized by . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 26, 1789, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on September 1, 1796, due to his resignation. Later career Following his resignation from the federal bench, Pendleton resumed private practice in Dutchess County, New York starting in 1796. He was a Judge of the Dutchess County Court until 1821. Duel On July 11, 1804, Pendleton served as a second to Alexander Hamilton in Hamilton’s fatal duel with Aaron Burr. Death Pendleton died on October 20, 1821, in Hyde Park, New York. He was interred in St. James' Churchyard in Hyde Park. Family Pendleton was a nephew of Edmund Pendleton, the 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and cousin of John Penn, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation from North Carolina. He was the father of Nathanael G. Pendleton, a United States representative from Ohio. References Sources Guide to the Nathaniel Pendleton Papers, 1767-1867 1756 births 1821 deaths Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Georgia United States federal judges appointed by George Washington 18th-century American judges New York (state) state court judges People from New Kent County, Virginia People from Hyde Park, New York Pendleton family Continental Army officers from Virginia United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law Georgia (U.S. state) Attorneys General

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17165712

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica%20longifolia

Veronica longifolia

Veronica longifolia, known as garden speedwell or longleaf speedwell, is a flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. Description This herbaceous perennial is tall and spreads to . The flower spikes are long and bear lilac to purple blooms. References Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus longifolia

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17165720

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okija

Okija

Okija is the largest town in Ihiala LGA of Anambra State in Southeast Nigeria. The town is the oldest of all the towns in Ihiala local government area, and one of the biggest towns in Igboland. The people of Okija are predominantly Christians. Okija is the home to Madonna University and Legacy University. Bordered in the east by Ihembosi and Ukpor cities, within the west by olu or Ogbakubara, within the north by Ozubulu and within the south by Ihiala. In Okija, the Ulasi River on its flow to the Atlantic, joins Okposi river one of its tributaries. Culture Okija Shrine The Okija Shrine or Ogwuwu Akpu is the popular local shrine in the city. It was a dispute settlement shrine where people with personal, land and business issues go to in order to seek adjudication by the gods. Climate Notable Nigerians from Okija Okija is home to many notable Nigerians, including; Ebuka Obi-Uchendu a popular television and media personality Nze Akachukwu Sullivan Nwankpo (special adviser to Goodluck Jonathan, Former President of Nigeria) Ifeanyi Chudy Momah The vegetation of Okija Is mainly forest with palm trees because the chief economic tree. The land is of course terribly fertile, thus the chief occupation in Okija is farming or agriculture. Okija is that the largest food Producer in Ihiala L.G.A and Anambra State. She grows many huge and little yams, cassava, coco yams, maize, plantain and palm manufacture (oil and kernel), etc. The chief occupations in Okija is fishing, searching and animal-keeping (especially goats, sheep, pigs and fowls). Okija is once more the most important meat and fish producers and provider in Ihiala LGA. Okija – Achala – Ogidi According to one legend, Okija, Ihiala, Ihembosi and Uli had one father referred to as Achala, the son of Ogidi. this can be why Okija is a few times called Okija – Achala – Ogidi. According to this legend, Okija was the primary son: Ihembosi, the second, Ihiala, the third, and Uli the fourth and last. Naturally, they need to decide on things and break Kola so as of seniority. This can be why Okija breaks Kola nut for all the cities in Ihiala LGA, the court of law connected cities, though settled at Ihiala, is thought as Achala city court up to nowadays. THE THIRTY ONE VILLAGES IN OKIJA OR OKIJA “OHU EBO NA IRI; 1. Umuezedam, 2. Umuakporom, 3. Ugwucheleku, 4. Umuapani, 5. Ubahuagbugba, 6.Umudalaegwu (Uhuosu), 7. Umudioka, 8. Ezieke, 9. Umuokpala ezike, 10. Umuawa, 11. Umuchiuwa, 12. Umu- Uzu, 13. Umunakwa, 14. Ubahu-Ezike, 15. Umuezeobi, 16. Umunzele, 17. Uhudim, 18. Ohukabia, 19. Umuofo, 20. Umu-Ezewulum, 21. Uhungwu, 22. Isieke / Ubahudara, 23. Ubahueze, 24. Isifulu, 25. Etiti Umuhu or Umuhu, 26. Umuigwe, 27. Umuodogwu, 28.Ohuogwugwu, 29. Umuezim/ Ezimbala, 30. Umuanumoge, and, 31. Umunnafojolo. Okija or the thirty one mentioned villages loosely divided into three; 1. Ubahu Abu Ubahu: This conjure Ubahu, Umuohi (Umunhi), ubahuezike and umuhu 2. Uhuobo and Uhuowere: This consists of Uhudim, Umuofo, Ohukabia, Umuatuegwu and Uhuowere. 3. Ihite abu Ihite: This contains Ubahummonu, Ubahudara, Isieke and Ihite. Traditionally or a few years gone, Okija city had no king or didn’t respect and regard someone because the chief of the thirty one villages in Okija. In those years, sturdy individuals assumed leadership of various villages and quarters. Now Okija has its own city council. In recent years, His Royal Highness, Igwe (Sir) Emeka Nnamdi Okezie. Therefore the governance currently rests on the Igwe and also the native councilors still at the Okparas. People who facilitate within the regime of the city embrace the cohort (the age group) and Igwe in council. Okija is currently represented in the Federal House of Representatives by Ifeanyi Chudy Momah External links https://www.facebook.com/pages/Proudly-Okija/134586123356192?ref=ts&fref=ts Macabre discovery in Okija, Anambra State! - by Alfred Obiora Uzokwe OPINION :- The Ogwugwu Okija fairy tale - by Jimmie Asoegwu and Obi Anoliefo, courtesy of Vanguard and the Internet Archive "Okija: Shrine Saga Enters the Movies" Understanding The Okija Shrine Phenomenon And The Art Of Mental Poisoning by Emmanuel U. Obi Full, Authentic List of Patrons of Okija Shrine (Part Two) Horror: Police find 50 bodies, 20 skulls in Anambra shrine Reference List Populated places in Anambra State Madonna University

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17165742

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmo%20Gideon

Elmo Gideon

Elmo Clifford Gideon (January 11, 1924 – December 21, 2010) was an American painter and sculptor of the 20th and 21st centuries. Thursday, 12 April 2001, was declared “Gideon Day” with an official Proclamation by the Miami-Dade County Office of the Mayor and Board of County Commissioners. Notes External links The Gideon Holocaust Collection Artist's Homepage Featuring Bio and Images of Artwork 1924 births 2010 deaths American sculptors Civilian Conservation Corps people People from Overland Park, Kansas

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17165743

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Toledo%2C%20Brazil

Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo, Brazil

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo () is a diocese located in the city of Toledo in the Ecclesiastical province of Cascavel in Brazil. History June 20, 1959: Established as Diocese of Toledo from the Territorial Prelature of Foz do Iguaçu Bishops Bishops of Toledo (Latin Church), in reverse chronological order Bishop João Carlos Seneme (2013.06.26 – ...) Bishop Francisco Carlos Bach (2005.07.27 – 2012.10.03), appointed Bishop of São José dos Pinhais, Parana Bishop Anuar Battisti (1998.04.15 – 2004.09.29), appointed Archbishop of Maringá, Parana Bishop Lúcio Ignácio Baumgaertner (1983.07.02 – 1995.12.27), appointed Archbishop of Cascavel Bishop Geraldo Majella Agnelo (1978.05.05 – 1982.10.04), appointed Archbishop of Londrina, Parana; future Cardinal Bishop Armando Círio, O.S.I. (1960.05.14 – 1978.05.05), appointed Bishop of Cascavel; future archbishop Other priests of this diocese who became bishops Irineu Roque Scherer, appointed Bishop of Garanhuns, Pernambuco in 1998 Odilo Pedro Scherer, appointed Auxiliary Bishop of São Paulo in 2001; future Cardinal References External links GCatholic.org Catholic Hierarchy Diocese website (Portuguese) Roman Catholic dioceses in Brazil Christian organizations established in 1959 Toledo, Roman Catholic Diocese of Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century Toledo, Paraná

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17165776

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succisa%20pratensis

Succisa pratensis

Succisa pratensis, also known as devil's-bit or devil's-bit scabious, is a flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. It differs from other similar species in that it has four-lobed flowers, whereas small scabious and field scabious have five lobes and hence it has been placed in a separate genus in the same family. It also grows on damper ground. Name Species of scabious were used to treat scabies, and other afflictions of the skin including sores caused by the bubonic plague. The word scabies comes from the Latin word for "scratch" (scabere). In folk tales, the short black root was bitten off by the devil, for various reasons: anger at the plant's ability to cure these ailments, anger against the Virgin Mary, or as part of some 'devilish plot'. The Latin specific epithet pratensis literally means "of the meadow". Description Succisa pratensis is a herbaceous perennial up to 1m tall, growing from a basal rosette of simple or distantly-toothed, lanceolate leaves. Its unlobed leaves distinguish it from Knautia arvensis (field scabious). The plant may be distinguished from Centaurea scabiosa (greater knapweed) by having its leaves in opposite pairs, not alternate as in knapweed. The bluish to violet (occasionally pink) flowers are borne in tight compound flower heads or capitula. Individual flowers are tetramerous, with a four-lobed epicalyx and calyx and a four-lobed corolla. Male and female flowers are produced on different flower heads (gynodioecious), the female flower heads being smaller. The flowering period in the British Isles is from June until October. Distribution Succisa pratensis is common throughout most of the British Isles, western and central Europe, extending eastwards into central Asia. It is absent from eastern Asia. It has been introduced to eastern North America. Ecology It grows in wet or dry grassland and heath on acid or basic soils and is found in hedgerows, marshes, meadows and pastures. The flowers are visited by various types of insects, but especially frequently by hoverflies of the genus Eristalis. It is a good source of nectar and is the larval food plant of the marsh fritillary, the eggs of which are laid in groups on the underside of the plant, and the narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (Hemaris tityus). As both invertebrates are rare, their survival relies on careful management of sites containing these plant and butterfly species. It is parasitized by the chytrid fungus Synchytrium succisae. Management The aim is to produce an uneven patchwork of short and long vegetation by the end of the grazing period, between . This is to allow the devil's bit scabious food plant to grow. This can be achieved through low intensity grazing (also known as extensive grazing) using cattle. Sheep are not so good as they are more efficient at removing wild plants. Gallery References External links The Plant Press Natural England Website Articles containing video clips pratensis

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17165780

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Schmit

Patrick Schmit

Patrick Schmit (born 1 November 1974) is a Luxembourgish retired competitive figure skater, born in Luxembourg City. He placed 29th at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Results References Skatabase: 1990s Olympics External links Figure Skating Corner profile Luxembourgian male single skaters Olympic figure skaters for Luxembourg Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics Sportspeople from Luxembourg City 1974 births Living people

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17165832

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasscock%20County%20Courthouse

Glasscock County Courthouse

The Glasscock County Courthouse is an historic courthouse building located in Garden City, Glasscock County, Texas. Built in 1909 to 1910 at a cost of $28,000, it was designed by Georgia-born American architect Edward Columbus Hosford, who is noted for the courthouses and other buildings that he designed in Florida, Georgia and Texas. It was built of granite and rusticated stone with gable front porticoes on all sides, each of which is supported by four 2-story Doric columns. Unlike the Mason County Courthouse also designed by Hosford and built at the same time for $39,786, the Glasscock County Courthouse has no clock tower cupola in the center of its roof and its side porticoes are smaller than the other two. The prior courthouse, a small 2-story stone building, still stands on the property. It was used as a jail after the present courthouse was built but is now closed. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Glasscock County, Texas List of county courthouses in Texas Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Glasscock County References External links National Register Nomination Form, Glasscock County Courthouse and Jail Glasscock County website Protection of Texas County Courthouses Texas Courthouse Trail: Glasscock County Texas Escapes - Garden City - has picture of prior courthouse Texas Escapes: Glasscock County Courthouse Texas Courthouses: history of Glasscock County Courthouse Texas Courthouses: picture of Glasscock County Courthouse Buildings and structures in Glasscock County, Texas County courthouses in Texas Edward Columbus Hosford buildings Neoclassical architecture in Texas Government buildings completed in 1910 Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas National Register of Historic Places in Glasscock County, Texas

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17165838

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelo%20Prado

Lelo Prado

Lelo Prado (born November 5, 1962) is the former head baseball coach at the University of South Florida. Hired in 2006, he guided the Bulls to a 36–24 record in his inaugural season. In 24 years as a collegiate coach, he has posted a 763–580–2 record. He led the Bulls to a 9–0 start in 2006, and South Florida was ranked 30th in the nation for that week. Prado left the position following the 2014 season. He is now a deputy athletic director at South Florida. Prior to coaching at USF, he served as the head coach 11 seasons at the University of Louisville. Prado also coached for seven seasons at the University of Tampa, where he won two Division II national championships, in 1992 and 1993. In 2002, he took Louisville to its first ever NCAA tournament appearance, and earned Conference USA coach of the year honors. He had seven 30-win seasons at Louisville, also a school record. Head coaching record References 1962 births Living people Hillsborough Hawks baseball players Louisville Cardinals baseball coaches South Florida Bulls baseball coaches Tampa Spartans baseball coaches Tampa Spartans baseball players Baseball players from Havana Hillsborough Hawks baseball coaches Baseball players from Tampa, Florida

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17165843

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocharis%20morsus-ranae

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, frogbit, is a flowering plant belonging to the genus Hydrocharis in the family Hydrocharitaceae. In North America, it is referred to as common frogbit or European frog's-bit to distinguish it from the related American frogbit (Limnobium spongia). It is a small floating plant resembling a small water lily. It bears small, three-petalled white flowers. The floating leaves are kidney-shaped and grow in rosettes on the water surface, with the roots hanging down into the water column but not normally touching bottom. Frogbit is fast growing and spreads rapidly by stolons, surviving the winter as dormant turions which rest on the bottom, rising again to the surface in spring. Frogbit is native to Europe and parts of Asia, but it was introduced to Canada in the 1930s and has become invasive in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States, particularly around the Great Lakes. It is considered a pest in this region as it colonises waterways and forms dense masses of vegetation on the surface, threatening native biodiversity, although in its native areas it is rarely dominant. References External links Invading Species.com Hydrocharitaceae Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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17165860

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludmila%20Savelyeva

Ludmila Savelyeva

Ludmila Mikhailovna Savelyeva (; born January 24, 1942, in Leningrad) is a Soviet and Russian stage and film actress. She achieved lasting fame in the role of Natasha Rostova in the 1966–68 film War and Peace, which was six years in the making, and gained an Academy Award in the United States. She won a Diploma prize for the role at the 4th Moscow International Film Festival. Filmography References External links 1942 births 20th-century Russian actresses 21st-century Russian actresses Living people Academicians of the National Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences of Russia Honored Artists of the RSFSR People's Artists of the RSFSR Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Russian film actresses Russian stage actresses Soviet film actresses Soviet stage actresses

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17165883

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Moscheni

Antonio Moscheni

Antonio Moscheni (Stezzano, 16 January 1854 – Kochi, 15 November 1905) was a Jesuit brother and painter, known best for his elaborate fresco decoration of the church of St. Aloysius College, Mangalore, India. Biography Moscheni was born in Stezzano, Province of Bergamo, Italy. His artistic talent was discovered early, and he was sent to study painting at the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo. He then went to Rome to study the masterpieces of the Vatican. Fresco painting now became his passion and several of his works can be found in churches of the Bergamo area. In 1889, at the age of 35, Moscheni renounced the prospect of a worldly career, and joined the Society of Jesus. After the usual two years of novitiate, his superiors noted his talent, and he was sent to decorate churches in Croatia, Albania as well as in his native country. In 1898, Moscheni was assigned to India, and sent to Mangalore with the specific mission of painting the Chapel of St. Aloysius College, recently founded by the Italian Jesuits. Saint Aloysius Chapel In an elaborate style recalling the baroque, Moscheni covered walls, ceilings and pillars with framed, vivid tableaux on the life of St Aloysius Gonzaga (the patron saint of the college), other Jesuit missionaries, saints and martyrs, the mysteries of the Christian faith (the Trinity, Christ and his Mother), glories of other religious orders, etc. It took him a little over two years to complete the work. Besides the chapel he painted also frescoes in the Jesuit refectory: scenes evocative of Ignatius of Loyola's early years and the foundation of the Society of Jesus. Less known but strikingly unusual, he depicted the Hindu goddess of Knowledge, Saraswati, on the college stage fittings. The coat of arms, painted above the stage, is embellished with Sanskrit phrase: Satyam eva Jayate. Other works The original intention of his religious superiors was to call Moscheni back to Europe after completing the St Aloysius College work, but his fame had spread in India and requests came that could not be ignored. The chapel of the Kankanady hospital, the Church of Most Holy Saviour, Agrar near Bantwal (25 km from Mangalore), the Mangalore seminary, the Holy Name cathedral of Bombay were next to benefit from his talent, but nowhere is the experience as total and wholesome as it is in St Aloysius chapel of Mangalore. The bishop of Cochin called him in 1905. Moscheni had hardly completed the work in the sanctuary of the Cochin cathedral when he fell sick: a case of acute dysentery that ultimately proved fatal. He died on 15 November 1905 in Cochin, Kerala, and was buried in the Jesuit cemetery there. Legacy The Saint Aloysius Chapel is a unique example of Italian art in India. It attracts thousands of visitors every year. The Indian postal department chose to depict one of the chapel's paintings by Antonio Moscheni in 2001 to commemorate the 120th anniversary of the College's foundation. Bibliography Coelho, J.: "Inspired Jesuit Painter and Artist", in Jesuit Profiles, Anand, 1991, pp. 289–297. Dizionario degli Artisti Italiani Viventi: pittori, scultori, e Architetti., by Angelo de Gubernatis. Tipe dei Successori Le Monnier, 1889, p. 393. Notes External links Saint Aloysius Chapel of Mangalore. 1854 births 1905 deaths 19th-century Italian Jesuits Catholic painters 19th-century Italian painters Italian male painters 20th-century Italian painters 19th-century Italian male artists Clergy from the Province of Bergamo Artists from the Province of Bergamo 20th-century Italian male artists

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17165886

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santigold%20discography

Santigold discography

American musician Santi White, better known by her stage name Santigold (formerly Santogold), has released four studio albums, two mixtapes, one extended play (EP), and twenty-two singles (including eight as a featured artist). White's discography under the name Santogold consists of her eponymous debut album, six singles, one mixtape, and four music videos, all of which were released in 2008, except the single "Creator", which was released in late 2007. Santogold peaked at number 74 on the Billboard 200, and reached numbers 2 and 6 on Billboards Dance/Electronic Albums and Independent Albums, respectively. The album also charted in Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. In 2009, White changed her stage name from Santogold to Santigold due to legal issues, and released a live EP via iTunes, which peaked at number 20 on Billboards Dance/Electronic Albums chart. The same year, Santigold collaborated with N.E.R.D and Julian Casablancas on the non-album single "My Drive Thru", made as part of an advertising campaign by Converse. She has also made guest appearances on numerous albums by other artists such as Jay-Z, N.A.S.A., and Drake, and has produced and written music for many other artists, including Christina Aguilera, Ashlee Simpson, GZA, Lily Allen, and Res. Her second studio album, Master of My Make-Believe (2012), topped the Dance/Electronic Albums chart and reached number 21 on the Billboard 200. In the following two years, she contributed to various soundtracks, including The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, The Heat, Girls and Paper Towns. Her third studio album, 99¢, was released in 2016, and her first officially released mixtape, I Don't Want: The Gold Fire Sessions, in 2018. This discography covers White's solo career, and therefore does not include her work with the band Stiffed on their 2005 album Burned Again and their 2003 extended play Sex Sells. Albums Studio albums Mixtapes Extended plays Singles As lead artist As featured artist Guest appearances Credits Music videos Notes References General Specific External links Discographies of American artists Rock music discographies Pop music discographies

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17165890

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%20of%20Tamrash

Republic of Tamrash

The Republic of Tamrash (), was a short-lived self-governing administrative structure of the Pomaks, living in the Tamrash region of the Rhodope Mountains. It existed from 1878 to 1886. Geography The territory spanned over the area locked in the upper valley of the Vacha River and most of its tributaries. The rebel territory initially consisted of 17 villages but its number increased up to 21 in 1880. Some of those villages were Trigrad, Mugla, Beden, Mihalkovo, Skobelevo, Churukovo and Devin. History The republic survived until 1886, when Eastern Rumelia was incorporated into Bulgaria. Then the area was returned to the Ottoman Empire. See also Provisional Government of Western Thrace References External links Ercan Çokbankir – FİLİBE TIMRAŞTAN KONYA TIMRAŞA Literature Former republics 1878 in Bulgaria 1886 in Bulgaria Pomaks Rhodope Mountains Smolyan Province States and territories established in 1878 States and territories disestablished in 1886

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17165896

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udara%20dilecta

Udara dilecta

Udara dilecta, the pale hedge blue or Himalayan pale hedge blue, is a small butterfly found in India, Nepal, China, and Malaya that belongs to the lycaenids or blues family. The species was first described by Frederic Moore in 1879. Taxonomy If adopting the common practice of many Lepidopterists to use the original gender of the species name, here the formation of the scientific name can instead be Udara dilectus (Moore, 1879). Cited references References Fleming, W. A., 1975 Butterflies of West Malaysia & Singapore External links With images. Udara Butterflies of Asia

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17165897

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303%20Birmingham%20City%20F.C.%20season

2002–03 Birmingham City F.C. season

The 2002–03 season was Birmingham City Football Club's 100th in the English football league system, their 51st in the top tier, and their debut season in the Premier League, having been promoted via the play-offs. Under the management of Steve Bruce, they finished in 13th position in the 20-team league. Birmingham entered the 2002–03 FA Cup at the third round and lost to Fulham in that round, and, having entered the League Cup in the second round, lost to Preston North End in the third. French manufacturers Le Coq Sportif supplied Birmingham's kit for the fifth consecutive season, and mobile phone retailer Phones4U retained the shirt sponsorship. Stern John was top scorer with nine goals in all competitions; if only league goals are considered, Clinton Morrison top-scored with six. Steve Vickers was club captain, but his long absences through injury meant that vice-captain Jeff Kenna usually captained the team. Pre-season Pre-season friendlies Premier League Season review Birmingham's first season in the Premiership was a rollercoaster of a ride that resulted in the team finishing in 13th, although they were favourites to be relegated at the start of the season. Once Birmingham had secured their states in the Premiership after beating Norwich City in the First Division playoff final the year before, manager Steve Bruce started to strengthen the squad. Internationals Robbie Savage of Wales, Kenny Cunningham and Clinton Morrison of Ireland, and Aliou Cissé of Senegal all joined the side. Stern John's penalty in the 1–1 draw with Everton on 28 August 2002 was Birmingham's first goal in the Premiership, and first in the top flight since Robert Hopkins scored against Newcastle United back in the 1985–86 season. The next match secured Birmingham their first three points in the league, as they beat Leeds United 2–1 thanks to goals from Paul Devlin and Damien Johnson. A highlight of the season was the 3–0 victory over local rivals Aston Villa. A first-half goal from Clinton Morrison saw Birmingham in control at half time, before a comedy of errors saw a throw-in by Olof Mellberg roll under the foot of Villa goalkeeper Peter Enckelman and into the net to gift the side a 2–0 lead. Geoff Horsfield added a third later in the game thanks to bad defending from defender Alpay. By the New Year, Birmingham were in 15th position in the table, seven points clear of 18th-placed Sunderland. This did not stop Bruce spending in the winter transfer window, as Stephen Clemence, Jamie Clapham and Matthew Upson all joined the club. These transfers fall into insignificance compared to the impact that French World Cup-winning forward Christophe Dugarry would make. A bad start to 2003 saw Birmingham fall to 16th in the table, only five points separating themselves and 18th-placed West Bromwich Albion. This was before Liverpool's visit to St Andrew's, when Birmingham took a two-goal lead through Clemence and Morrison before Michael Owen added a late consolation goal. This game was followed by the visit to Aston Villa. The game kicked into life when Villa striker Dion Dublin was sent off in the 51st minute for headbutting Savage. In the 74th minute, Australian Stan Lazaridis scored his first goal of the season, and three minutes later, a poor header back by Jlloyd Samuel allowed Horsfield to run onto the ball, beat Enckelman and score from close range. The game ended with another sending off, as Villa's Joey Guðjónsson lunged at Upson with a two-footed tackle. Birmingham were not yet assured of safety by the time they played Sunderland on 12 April, but Bryan Hughes and Christophe Dugarry scored to give Birmingham a 2–0 win. Dugarry went on to score four goals in Birmingham's next three games, including a stunning effort against Middlesbrough where he beat the offside trap before calmly taking the ball out of the air with his knee and volleying it into the net. The last game of the season saw the side entertain West Ham United, who were in real danger of relegation. Birmingham managed a 2–2 draw thanks to goals from Horsfield and John, but it was enough to send the Hammers down. Match details Final league table Results summary FA Cup Birmingham failed to get past the third round of the FA Cup, losing to Premiership side Fulham. League Cup Birmingham reached the third round of the League Cup before losing to Preston North End of the First Division. Transfers In Brackets round club names indicate the player's contract with that club had expired before he joined Birmingham. Out Brackets round a club denote the player joined that club after his Birmingham City contract expired. Loan in Loan out Appearances and goals Numbers in parentheses denote appearances as substitute. Players with squad numbers struck through and marked left the club during the playing season. Players with names in italics and marked * were on loan from another club for the whole of their season with Birmingham. References General Source for match dates, league positions and results: Source for lineups, appearances, goalscorers and attendances: Matthews (2010), Complete Record, pp. 440–41. Source for goal times: Source for transfers: Specific Birmingham City F.C. seasons Birmingham City

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17165903

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Pigot%20%28Royal%20Navy%20officer%2C%20born%201722%29

Hugh Pigot (Royal Navy officer, born 1722)

Admiral of the White Hugh Pigot (28 May 1722 – 15 December 1792), of Wychwood Forest in Oxfordshire, was a Royal Navy officer. He commanded at the reduction of Louisbourg in June 1758 and commanded Royal William at the capture of Quebec in September 1759 during the Seven Years' War. He went on to serve as Commander-in-Chief of the Leeward Islands Station during the American Revolutionary War and then became First Naval Lord. He also served as a Member of Parliament. Naval career Early career Hugh Pigot was the third son of Richard Pigot of Westminster, by his wife Frances, daughter of Peter Goode, a Huguenot who had come to England in the late seventeenth century. His elder brothers were George Pigot, 1st Baron Pigot, who twice served as Governor of Madras, and Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Pigot, who commanded the left flank of the British forces at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Pigot entered the navy in around 1735, serving for four years as a captain's servant and able seaman aboard the under Captain Alexander Geddes on the home station, and then under Captain Savage Mostyn. He then served for another two years as a midshipman aboard the Seaford, , and . On 5 November 1741 he passed his examination, and on 9 February 1741/42 (OS) was promoted to lieutenant, and on 2 August was appointed to the under Captain Thomas Grenville, in the Mediterranean. In March 1744 he followed Grenville into on the home station, and on 2 November 1745 was promoted to commander of the fireship . On 22 April 1746 he was appointed as post-captain into the , apparently for rank only, and in April 1747 was appointed to command of the in the West Indies. In 1755, he was appointed captain of the 60-gun , one of the ships put into commission in anticipation of the war with France. In June 1758 he commanded York at the reduction of Louisbourg, and in September 1759 he commanded the 84-gun Royal William in the fleet of Sir Charles Saunders at the capture of Quebec. He was employed in Royal William for the remainder of the war in the Channel; and in May 1760, chased the Diadem, a French third rate of seventy-four guns, bound for Martinique with stores and specie for the payment of the soldiery, into the Groyne. He saw no further service at sea following the conclusion of the war in 1763, but in 1769 was appointed colonel of the second (or Portsmouth) division of Marines; shortly before he had been chosen as representative in parliament for the borough of Penryn, a government-dominated borough which frequently chose distinguished naval officers as its MPs. (Pigot succeeded Vice-Admiral Sir George Rodney.) Pigot was a close friend of the Prime Minister, the Duke of Grafton, and this connection was cemented when Grafton married Elizabeth Wrottesley, sister of Pigot's second wife, Frances. Pigot represented Penryn until 1774, but did not contest the general election that year. In January 1771 he was appointed to command of the , one of the ships commissioned during the dispute with Spain over the Falkland Islands. When the crisis was peaceably settled his ship was put out of commission, and Pigot held no subsequent commission as a captain. Flag rank He was promoted to rear-admiral on 31 March 1775 and to vice-admiral on 5 February 1776. In 1778, following the death of his brother, Lord George Pigot, he was elected to fill his seat in Bridgnorth. By this time he was a consistent opponent of Lord North's government (he was a gaming crony of the Whig leader Charles James Fox), and seems to have been denied commands for political reasons. When Sheridan attacked the government in the Commons in February 1782 for driving the most distinguished naval commanders out of the service, it was Pigot who rose in answer to the invitation to give instances of the First Lord of the Admiralty's conduct towards officers who were his political opponents. With the fall of the government the following month, on 30 March 1782 Pigot was appointed to the Board of Admiralty in the Second Rockingham ministry, and on 24 April 1782 was promoted to full admiral and appointed to supersede Sir George Rodney as commander-in-chief in the Leeward Islands Station. Pigot hoisted his flag on board the 50-gun , and sailed from Plymouth on 18 May, only a day before the arrival of the frigate bringing the news of the defeat of the French fleet under Comte de Grasse at the Battle of the Saintes on 12 April. Although Rodney was neither in favour with the new ministry, nor a particularly popular commander, it was considered politic to allow him to remain in command and a message was sent after Pigot to recall him. However, it failed to arrive before he had assumed command at Jamaica on 13 July. His appointment was allowed to proceed, and Rodney received an apology and was made a Baron. Pigot, having hoisted his flag on board the 98-gun , then sailed, as was customary at that time, to America during the hurricane months. Pigot had little experience as a captain, with none as an admiral. His second-in-command, Samuel Hood, seems to have regarded him with mixed feelings of pity and contempt, and considered that the government had acted unwisely "in placing an officer at the head of so great a fleet who was unequal to the very important command, for want of practice". In any event Pigot's term of command was uneventful, and following the signing of the peace treaty in September 1783, he returned to England. Pigot served as First Naval Lord from January 1783 to December 1783 and then retired from the Navy on 30 December 1783, and was defeated at Bridgnorth at the general election of 1784. Pigot lived in the Ranger's Lodge at Wychwood Forest in Oxfordshire exploiting the forest by demanding a firewood allowance from the keepers. Pigot died at Bristol on 15 December 1792. Personal life Pigot was twice married, firstly c.1749, to Elizabeth le Neve, by whom he had a son, General Sir Henry Pigot (1750–1840) and a daughter, and secondly c.1768 to Frances, the daughter of the Very Reverend Sir Richard Wrottesley, 7th Baronet, by whom he had a second son, Captain Hugh Pigot, RN, (1769–1797), and two daughters. He inherited a one-third share of the Pigot Diamond from his older brother, which remained in the family until sold in a lottery in 1801. References Sources |- 1722 births 1792 deaths Royal Navy personnel of the Seven Years' War Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War Huguenot participants in the American Revolution Royal Navy admirals Lords of the Admiralty Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for constituencies in Cornwall British MPs 1768–1774 British MPs 1774–1780 British MPs 1780–1784

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17165907

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofieldia%20pusilla

Tofieldia pusilla

Tofieldia pusilla is a species of flowering plant in the family Tofieldiaceae. It is also sometimes classified in the lily family, Liliaceae. Its common name is Scottish asphodel in Europe, and Scotch false asphodel in North America. The plant is native to northern North America and parts of Eurasia, its circumpolar distribution extending across Canada and the northern United States to Greenland, Iceland and northern Europe. References External links Tofieldiaceae Plants described in 1803

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17165933

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angst%20%28Lacrimosa%20album%29

Angst (Lacrimosa album)

Angst (German for Anguish, Fear) is the debut album by German dark wave band Lacrimosa. It was released in 1991. History All music and lyrics for all songs were written by Tilo Wolff. The album was recorded from 1990 to 1991 at the Sodom & Gomorra studio in Binningen, Switzerland. Tilo Wolff founded his own independent label Hall of Sermon for album release. Over the first six months only 1000 copies were sold. The first two songs from the album - “Seele in Not” and “Requiem” - were originally released in 1990 on the Clamor demo MC, the first release of Tilo Wolff. "Clamor" was released only in 100 copies and never re-released until in 2010 these demo versions were included on the Schattenspiel album which was dedicated to the twentieth anniversary of Lacrimosa. The idea of cover was proposed by Tilo Wolff, source photo was made by Judith Grüning, Stelio Diamantopoulos made the cover artwork and later he became a constant author of Lacrimosa'''s covers. Releases The original edition was released as vinyl LP and consisted of six songs. CD version was released in 1993 and was reprinted many times. Russian edition was released in 2002 as a digipack consists of Angst and Einsamkeit. Mexican limited edition was also released in 2002 including second CD with four more songs: "Versiegelt glanzumströmt", "Versuchung", "Darkness" and "Copycat". Regular editions in Mexico and Argentina contained song "Diener eines Geistes (Dirus - Mix)" as a bonus track, and Korean edition included "Promised Land" track. Track listing Personnel The album was recorded by Tilo Wolff (vocals, music, lyrics, producing) with participating of Judith Grüning (female vocals in Der Ketzer'') and Philippe Alioth (mastering). References External links Album lyrics at Darklyrics.com muzikablog.com // Lacrimosa – Angst, Review Lacrimosa (band) albums 1991 debut albums

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17165941

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedum%20album

Sedum album

Sedum album, the white stonecrop, is a flowering plant of the genus Sedum in the family Crassulaceae. It is found in the northern temperate regions of the world, often growing in crevices or free-draining rocky soil. As a long-day plant it grows vegetatively for most of the year and flowers in summer. Taxonomy Three subspecies album, micranthum (Bastard ex DC.) Syme and teretifolium Syme have been described. In 2015, a new subspecies rupimelitense was described in Malta. Description White stonecrop is a tufted perennial herb that forms mat-like stands. Much of the year the stems are short, semi prostrate and densely clad in leaves. At the flowering time in July and August, the stems lengthen and are erect, occasionally branched and often pinkish-brown. The leaves are alternate, fleshy and nearly cylindrical with a blunt, rounded tip. They are also sometimes tinged with pink, especially in drought-stressed plants. The starry flowers form a dense cyme. The calyx has five fleshy sepals fused at the base, the corolla consists of five regular white petals, there are ten stamens, a separate gynoecium and five pistils. The fruit is five united, many-seeded follicles. Habitat White stonecrop is a low-growing plant that cannot compete with more vigorous fast-growing species. It is specially adapted for growing on thin dry soils and can be found on walls, dry banks, seashore rocks and in rocky meadows. Physiology Sedum album is able to acclimate to its environment. It can switch between C3 carbon fixation and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) depending on the availability of water. CAM saves water as the stomata on its leaves only open to allow to diffuse into the leaves at night when the temperature (and therefore evapotranspiration) is lower. Drought stressed plants are also more susceptible to photoinhibition which CAM may help to protect against. Cultivation Hardy in Zones 3-9. References album Flora of Lebanon Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Flora of Malta Crassulaceae

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17165970

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Minister%20and%20deputy%20First%20Minister%20of%20Northern%20Ireland

First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland

The First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland are the joint heads of government of Northern Ireland, leading the Northern Ireland Executive and with overall responsibility for the running of the Executive Office. Despite the titles of the two offices, the two positions have the same governmental power, resulting in a duumvirate; the deputy First Minister, customarily spelled with a lowercase d, is not subordinate to the First Minister. Created under the terms of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, both were initially nominated and appointed by members of the Northern Ireland Assembly on a joint ticket by a cross-community vote, under consociational principles. That process was changed following the 2006 St Andrews Agreement, such that the First Minister now is nominated by the largest party overall, and the deputy First Minister is nominated by the largest party from the next largest community block (understood to mean "Unionist", "Nationalist", or "Other"). On 17 June 2021, despite a letter from the Democratic Unionist Party chairman and other senior party members, DUP leader Edwin Poots nominated Paul Givan as First Minister and Sinn Féin re-nominated Michelle O'Neill as deputy First Minister. On 4 February 2022, Givan resigned as First Minister, which led to O'Neill automatically ceasing to hold office as deputy First Minister. The offices have since remained vacant. Responsibilities The First Minister and deputy First Minister share equal responsibilities within government, and their decisions are made jointly. The First Minister is, though, the first to greet official visitors to Northern Ireland and shares the same title as their counterparts in Scotland and Wales. Specifically, they are tasked with co-chairing meetings of the Northern Ireland Executive, "dealing with and co-ordinating" the work of the Executive, and the response of the administration to external relationships. The First Minister and deputy First Minister agree the agenda of Executive meetings and can jointly determine "significant or controversial matters" to be considered by the Executive. The ministers' policy responsibilities include: economic policy equality before the law European Union issues human rights the machinery of government (including the Ministerial Code) public appointments policy standards in public life Two junior ministers assist the First Minister and deputy First Minister in carrying out the work of Executive Office. They are jointly accountable to the First Minister and deputy First Minister. The incumbent junior ministers are Gary Middleton (Democratic Unionist Party) and Declan Kearney (Sinn Féin). Election As originally established under the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the First Minister was elected by the Assembly on a joint ticket with the deputy First Minister through a cross-community vote. It was created to enable the leaders of the main unionist and nationalist parties to work together, with guaranteed joint representation of both main communities. For the purposes of a cross-community vote, MLAs were designated as unionist, nationalist, or other. The nominees for First Minister and deputy First Minister required the support of: a majority of the MLAs voting in the election overall; a majority of the designated unionist MLAs voting; and a majority of the designated nationalist MLAs voting. This procedure was used on 2 December 1999 to elect David Trimble (Ulster Unionist Party, UUP) and Seamus Mallon (Social Democratic and Labour Party, SDLP). Following several suspensions of the Northern Ireland Executive, Trimble was not re-elected on 2 November 2001 due to opposition from other unionist parties. He was subsequently re-elected alongside Mark Durkan (SDLP) on 6 November 2001; on that occasion, three Alliance Party of Northern Ireland MLAs redesignated from 'other' to 'unionist' to support Trimble's nomination. Following the St Andrews Agreement in October 2006, the appointment procedure was changed to allow for: a First Minister nominated by the largest party of the largest designation; a deputy First Minister nominated by the largest party of the second largest designation. This procedure, which removed the need for a joint ticket between the unionist Democratic Unionist Party and the nationalist Sinn Féin party, was used to appoint Ian Paisley and Martin McGuinness on 8 May 2007. It was again used to appoint Peter Robinson (DUP) alongside McGuinness on 5 June 2008 and again on 12 May 2011, and to appoint Arlene Foster (DUP) alongside McGuinness on 11 January 2016, also to appoint Foster alongside Michelle O'Neill on 11 January 2020, as well as to appoint Paul Givan alongside O'Neill on 17 June 2021. The new rules from 2006 also state that, if the largest party of the largest designation happens not to also be the largest party in the assembly overall, then the appointment procedure would be as follows: a First Minister nominated by the largest party overall; a deputy First Minister nominated by the largest party of the largest designation. As of 2020, this latter method has never yet been used. The Minister of Justice is now the only Northern Ireland Executive minister elected by cross-community vote. All other ministers are party appointees, with parties taking turns using the D'Hondt method. Vacancy The First Minister or deputy First Minister may also appoint another Northern Ireland Executive Minister to exercise the functions of the office during a vacancy; currently for a continuous period up to six weeks. Vacancies have occurred on four occasions to date: First Minister Reg Empey for David Trimble (1 July 2001 – 6 November 2001) Arlene Foster for Peter Robinson (11 January 2010 – 3 February 2010) Arlene Foster for Peter Robinson (10 September 2015 – 20 October 2015) Deputy First Minister John O'Dowd for Martin McGuinness (20 September 2011 – 31 October 2011) Terminology Titles in Irish and Ulster Scots In the Irish language, the literal translation of these positions is "Céad-Aire agus an leas Chéad-Aire". The titles appear in both English and Irish in published literature by the North-South Ministerial Council, one of the "mutually inter-dependent" institutions laid out in the Good Friday Agreement, along with the Northern Ireland Assembly. Various ways of translating the titles "First Minister and deputy First Minister" into the Ulster Scots dialects have been attested in official communications, including , , and . Capitalisation of "deputy" The second position has been written as "Deputy" or "deputy" First Minister, due to differing preferences by civil servants (and potentially ministers), although the capitalisation of the title has no constitutional consequences in practice. The first two holders of the office, Seamus Mallon and Mark Durkan, were both referred to during their periods of office as "Deputy First Minister", with a capital 'D'. In the Good Friday Agreement, also known as the Belfast Agreement, which established the executive in Northern Ireland, the two positions are spelt "First Minister and Deputy First Minister" (with a capital 'D'). This was also adopted in 1999 for the logo of the OFMDFM. Several weeks after Martin McGuinness took up office as Deputy First Minister in 2007, civil servants in his department began asking the Assembly's Hansard team to replace the capital 'D' with a lower-case 'd', pointing out that the title was spelled this way in the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the legislation which established the office. Some believe that the case was changed to highlight the fact that the position holds the same power as the position of First Minister, but a spokesman for McGuinness said that neither McGuinness nor his advisers had asked for the change. Speaker William Hay ordered the change and the capital 'D' was no longer used in Hansard references. Officials edited the department's archive of press releases to make that change (despite its use by Mallon and Durkan when in office) but the capital 'D' still appears in some places, and a spokesman confirmed on 20 March 2008 that the office had "no plans" to change the OFMDFM logo. However, the Assembly committee that scrutinises their work is now listed as the "Committee for the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister". Ultimately it was decided that McGuinness should be the deputy First Minister, unless all the other letters in the title are in capitals. Confusion isn't completely resolved however; if McGuinness wrote to the Assembly committee that scrutinised his work, his note would have a letterhead that comes from the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister, but he would get a reply back from the Committee for the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister. In official language, the positions are sometimes abbreviated to FM/dFM. Alternative titles for the deputy First Minister Sinn Féin started using the phrases "Joint First Minister" and "Co-First Minister" in 2009 to describe the deputy First Minister to highlight the fact that the First Minister and deputy First Minister operated in tandem. Martin McGuinness used the term Joint First Minister himself when he arrived for a meeting of the North/South Ministerial Council in February 2009; the DUP denounced the term as "republican speak" and it is not used in legislation. Jim Allister, the leader of the Traditional Unionist Voice, long called Robinson and McGuinness "the joint first ministers", to highlight the joint nature of the office and to demonstrate his opposition to the power-sharing arrangements. With the restoration of power-sharing in 2020, Sinn Féin started describing the position as "joint head of government". History Following a referendum on the Belfast Agreement on 23 May 1998 and subsequent the Northern Ireland Act 1998, the Northern Ireland Assembly was established in 1998 with a view to assuming devolved powers from the Westminster Parliament. On 1 July 1998, David Trimble (UUP) and Seamus Mallon (SDLP) were nominated and elected First Minister and Deputy First Minister designates respectively. Eventually, on 2 December 1999, power was devolved and Trimble and Mallon formally took office as joint heads of the Northern Ireland Executive. On 6 November 2001, Mark Durkan (SDLP) became Deputy First Minister after Seamus Mallon's retirement. The Executive and the two positions were suspended between 15 October 2002 and 8 May 2007 following a breakdown in trust between the parties. On 8 May 2007, Ian Paisley (DUP) and Martin McGuinness (Sinn Féin) were appointed First Minister and Deputy First Minister respectively in line with the agreement between their two parties on 26 March 2007. Paisley stated his intention to resign on 4 March 2008. His deputy as DUP leader, Peter Robinson was ratified as Democratic Unionist Party leader designate on 17 April 2008 and became First Minister on 5 June 2008. Arlene Foster succeeded Peter Robinson as DUP leader on 18 December 2015, and as First Minister on 11 January 2016. After more than 20 DUP MLAs and four DUP MPs signed a letter "... voicing no confidence in her leadership", Foster resigned as party leader on 28 May 2021, and as First Minister in June 2021. Her successor as the leader of the Democratic Unionist Party, Edwin Poots, said he would not become the First Minister. Instead, DUP MLA Paul Givan was nominated for First Minister by Poots. Despite concerns by Sinn Féin that an Irish Language Act would not pass, following talks with the British government they agreed to renominate Michelle O'Neill for deputy First Minister. However, 24 of the DUP's 28 MLAs voted against Givan, leading to Poots' resignation as party leader. Separately, between 12 February 2000 and 30 May 2000, and 15 October 2002 and 8 May 2007, however, devolution was suspended, and along with it the offices of First Minister and deputy First Minister. The Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister became the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. There were also two 24-hour periods of suspension on 11 August 2001 and 22 September 2001. to allow timetables for negotiation to restart. Devolution was suspended from 10 January 2017 to 10 January 2020. First Ministers and deputy First Ministers Parties Direct Rule First Ministers During the periods of suspension, the Secretaries of State for Northern Ireland assumed the responsibilities of the First Minister and deputy First Minister. Timeline See also Executive Office Junior Minister (Northern Ireland) List of current heads of government in the United Kingdom and dependencies List of government ministers in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Executive References External links Executive Office Northern Ireland Executive 1998 establishments in the United Kingdom Collective heads of state

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17165979

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxifraga%20granulata

Saxifraga granulata

Saxifraga granulata, commonly called meadow saxifrage, is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. It is native to Europe and Morocco. Taxonomy Saxifraga granulata was first formally described by Linnaeus as part of his original description of Saxifraga in Species Plantarum in 1753. S. granulata is the type species of the genus Saxifraga. References granulata Flora of Scotland Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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17165983

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Monardo

Anna Monardo

Anna Monardo is an American novelist of the Italian-American experience. Originally from Pittsburgh, she graduated from Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana and received her M.F.A. from Columbia University in 1983. She is a professor of the Writer's Workshop at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. Books The Courtyard of Dreams (Doubleday, 1993) Falling In Love with Natassia (Doubleday, 2006) References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20110707144158/http://www.annamonardo.com/index2.htm 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American women writers 21st-century American novelists 21st-century American women writers American women novelists American writers of Italian descent Columbia University School of the Arts alumni Eastern Washington University faculty Hunter College faculty Living people Marymount Manhattan College faculty New York University faculty Saint Mary's College (Indiana) alumni University of Nebraska Omaha faculty 1956 births Novelists from Washington (state) Novelists from New York (state) Novelists from Vermont American women academics

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17165998

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chania%20Plain

Chania Plain

The Chania Plain is a relatively level landform spreading southward from the city of Chania on the island of Crete in the present day country of Greece. The Chania Plain has been used as a logical study area for air pollution transport in the vicinity of Chania. In ancient times the city of Kydonia, the site of present-day Chania, controlled an expansive area which included the Chania Plain lying to its south at least to Malaxa Mountain. See also Kastelli Hill Polichne Malaxa Line notes References George Karvounis et al. (2007) On the Sensitivity of AERMOD to Surface Parameters under Various Anemological Conditions C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, Jan. 23, 2008 Plains of Greece Landforms of Crete Landforms of Chania (regional unit)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox%20game

Sandbox game

A sandbox game is a video game with a gameplay element that provides players a great degree of creativity to interact with, usually without any predetermined goal, or alternatively with a goal that the players set for themselves. Such games may lack any objective, and are sometimes referred to as non-games or software toys. More often, sandbox games result from these creative elements being incorporated into other genres and allowing for emergent gameplay. Sandbox games are often associated with an open world concept which gives the players freedom of movement and progression in the game's world. The term "sandbox" derives from the nature of a sandbox that lets children create nearly anything they want within it. Early sandbox games came out of space trading and combat games like Elite (1984) and city-building simulations and tycoon games like SimCity (1989). The releases of The Sims and Grand Theft Auto III in 2000 and 2001, respectively, demonstrated that games with highly detailed interacting systems that encouraged player experimentation could also be seen as sandbox games. Sandbox games also found ground with the ability to interact socially and share user-generated content across the Internet like Second Life (2003). More notable sandbox games include Garry's Mod (2006) and Dreams (2020), where players use the game's systems to create environments and modes to play with. Minecraft (2009) is one of the most successful examples of a sandbox game, with players able to enjoy both creative modes and more goal-driven survival modes. Roblox (2006) offers a chance for everyone to create their own game by using Roblox Lua programming language. It allows adding effects, setting up functions, testing games, etc. Fortnite (2017) has gamemodes which allow players to either fight one another, fight off monsters or create their own battle arenas. Terminology From a video game development standpoint, a sandbox game is one that incorporates elements of sandbox design, a range of game systems that encourage free play. Sandbox design can either describe a game or a game mode, with an emphasis on free-form gameplay, relaxed rules, and minimal goals. Sandbox design can also describe a type of game development, where a designer slowly adds features to a minimal game experience, experimenting with each element one at a time. There are "a lot of varieties" of sandbox design, based on "a wide range of dynamic interactive elements". Thus, the term is used often, without a strict definition. Game designers sometimes define a sandbox as what it is not, where a game can "subtract the missions, the main campaign, the narrative or whatever formatively binds the game's progression, and you have a sandbox." In game design, a sandbox is a metaphor for playing in a literal sandbox. Game historian Steve Breslin describes "the metaphor [as] a child playing in a sandbox ... produc[ing] a world from sand", compared to games with more fully formed content. This metaphor between the virtual and literal sandbox is noted by architectural scholar Alexandra Lange, with a sandbox describing any bounded environment that offers freedom to explore and construct. This can distinguish it from conventional ideas of a game, where the metaphorical sandbox is a "play space in which people can try on different roles and imaginary quests ... rather than a 'game' to play." In describing video games, sandbox design is often associated with the open world gameplay mechanic and vice versa, but these are two disparate concepts. Open worlds are those where the player's movement in the virtual world is typically not limited by the game allowing the player to roam freely through it. Adventure on the Atari 2600 is considered an open world game as the player can explore the entire game world save for through locked gates from the start, but it is not considered to have sandbox design as the player's actions are generally restricted. Similarly, games like Microsoft Flight Simulator are also open world since the player can take their plane anywhere in the game's virtual world, but as there is no creative aspects to the game, would not be considered a sandbox. Gameplay Sandbox design can incorporate several different game mechanics and structures, including open worlds, nonlinear storytelling, emergent behaviors, and automation of believable agents. It represents a shift away from linear gameplay. This freedom is always a question of degree, as a sandbox design "engenders a sense of player control, without actually handing over the reins entirely". Player creativity is often included in sandbox design. When a player is allowed to use a game as a sandbox, they gain the freedom to be creative with their gameplay. A sandbox will have a combination of game mechanics and player freedom that can lead to emergent gameplay, where a player discovers solutions to challenges that may not be intended by the developers. A sandbox sometimes gives the player "transformative" power over the game world, where "the free movement of play alters the more rigid structure in which it takes shape." Will Wright describes this generative aspect of sandbox designs, leading to a measurable increase in player possibilities. John Smedley describes this type of emergent gameplay more succinctly, having seen in EverQuest "how hungry people are for sandboxes -- for building stuff". GameDeveloper.com notes the growth of player-generated content as a "particular brand of sandbox design: that game design is so fun in itself that, if properly packaged, it can well be reinterpreted as gameplay itself". Some games offer a separate sandbox mode, where the player can use a game's creative systems with fewer constraints. "This mode has few restrictions on what he may do and offers no guidance on what he should do." For example, a sandbox mode might unlock unlimited resources, or disable enemy threats. A sandbox mode is separate from the campaign mode, without a main narrative progression. In one sense, an approach to this design is to "enable the player to continue after the main storyline has been 'won'." Many games tutorials utilize this type of design, since "sandboxes are game play much like the real game, but where things cannot go too wrong too quickly or, perhaps, even at all. Good games offer players, either as tutorials or as their first level or two, sandboxes." The game designers allows players to experiment in a safe environment, as "the point about open ended/sandbox design and when they work best in teaching the player is through learning by doing". Cohesive narratives in sandbox design can be difficult since the player can progress through the game in a non-linear manner. Some sandbox designs empower players to create their own stories, which is described as sandbox storytelling. Sandbox stories can either replace or enhance a main plot. Some games give players "pure agency by giving them tools and a sandbox", sacrificing the story in favor of player creativity. Where the game systems are reactive enough, this "does not remove the narrative, but rather transforms predetermined narrative into dynamic, responsive narrative". According to Ernest Adams, "in sandbox storytelling, the idea is to give the player a big open world populated with opportunities for interesting interactions ... in any order". Sandbox stories can also be told through shorter quests, conversations, collectibles, and encounters, all of which reward players for engaging with the world. This side-content becomes an "extremely common and an excellent format for sandbox gameplay: one central campaign (itself perhaps multi-threaded), plus a large number of side-missions". In general, sandbox storytelling occurs when the player can move through the story independently of their movement through the game space. Designers also refer to sandbox worlds and sandbox game spaces, which create the feeling of a large open world. The concept of an open world is much older than the term sandbox. Overall, "a sandbox design usually means that the game space is not divided into discrete units", which emphasizes continuity and exploration. This can sometimes overwhelm the player, which is why successful game designers draw on "urban design principles that can be used to build successful sandbox spaces". As a best practice "when creating these sandbox worlds, [designers] should divide them up into distinct areas to aid the player's navigation and orientation." Overall, a sandbox world should "provide the player with a large open set of spaces in which to play, and give him or her things to do". "The more a game's design tends towards a sandbox style, the less a player will feel obliged to follow the main quest." Game designers often need to create more dynamic game systems to support sandbox-style gameplay. Physics systems are part of the sandbox experience of several games. The popularity of voxels has also shown another system that can create "colorful sandboxes to dismantle and reconstruct." There is also the value of more robust artificial intelligence. GameDeveloper.com notes how "a sandbox means that the whole game becomes more of a simulation where AI plays an important role." This means that "believable and self-motivated characters have become key to sandbox play, because they produce a rich space for interactivity and greatly help establish the open-world aesthetic." Game designer John Krajewski observes for "a game that features sandbox-style play, the AI needs to provide enough different and interesting characters to interact with in the world, and the size of the world doesn't have to get very big before it becomes unfeasible to hard code them all." An open-ended sandbox experience is sometimes contrasted with goal-oriented gameplay. Sandbox design usually minimizes the importance of goals. Rather than 'winning' a game, a sandbox design allows player to 'complete' a game by exploring and actualizing all of its options. This lack of victory condition may define sandbox as not a game at all. "For many, a game needs rules and a goal to be a game, which excludes sandbox/simulators." In sandbox mode, "the game resembles a tool more than a conventional video game". Criticism Sandbox design has been criticized for providing a lack of satisfying goals for players. According to Ernest Adams, "plunking the player down in a sandbox and saying, 'have fun' isn't good enough. Especially at the beginning of a game, the player should have a clear sense of what to do next and, in particular, why." Christopher Totten observes that "sandbox elements can be mistakenly taken as fair replacements of narrative content; indeed, many games have missed their potential because they imagined that free-play would compensate for a lack of narrative. But even for our idealized child, playing around in a physical sandbox gets old pretty quick." Critics point to repetitive in-game tasks, arguing that an "overabundance of mundane events can get in the way of enjoying the sandbox." GameDeveloper.com notes that the quality of sandbox gameplay varies because "the great risk of the sandbox is that it can be boring." This is because "sand by itself is not much fun. Automated, complex, and perhaps most of all, directed responsiveness is essential to sandbox play, and the more complex and responsive the world, the more interesting the sandbox." History Multi-user dungeons (MUDs) are early examples of the principles of sandbox games; users of MUDs would generally be able to gain the ability to create their own content within the MUD's framework, creating opportunities to collaborate with other users. However, MUDs never gained commercial release; while they inspired the first massively multiplayer online (MMO) games like EVE Online, the creation aspects of MUDs did not carry into commercial games. Prior to 2000, the bulk of what were considered sandbox games in commercial software came from two genres: Space trading and combat games: Elite (1984) is considered one of the first sandbox games: the player as a space pilot traveled across a randomly-generated galaxy, engaging in combat with enemies (one of the first games to use simulated 3D combat through wireframe graphics) and trading resources at various planets to improve their ship towards the best class possible, but otherwise the player has freedom towards completing this goal. Elite led to a number of similar trading and combat games, including The Seven Cities of Gold (1984), Sid Meier's Pirates! (1987), Star Control (1990), and Freelancer (2003). City-building and tycoon games: Early city-building games like Utopia (1981) were more focused on arranging city features for achieving high scores, but with SimCity (1989), Will Wright wanted to give players more freedom to create a city and see how it operates while challenging the player to manage the growth of the city against its finances. SimCity success led to a number of similar city-building and other tycoon games including Railroad Tycoon (1995), SimIsle (1995), and Capitalism (1995). Two games at the turn of the 21st century redefine the notion of what a sandbox game is. The Sims (2000) is a life simulation game where the player interactions with simulated humans in a house as they go about their daily lives. Life simulation games were not a new genre, but prior games such as Little Computer People (1985) had very limited artificial intelligence beyond the simulated humans, limiting the amount of interactions that a player had with the simulation and making such games more curiosities. With The Sims, the simulated humans were given more detailed and believable behavior based on studies in artificial life, which led to players experimenting more with the simulated humans and exploring the simulations. In terms of defining the sandbox, The Sims was considered a freeform game, but added sets of minimal goals through the game to guide the player and encourage progression. The Sims became a best-selling title in the United States in 2000 and a long-running franchise for Electronic Arts. Further life simulation games would follow, such as Spore (2008). Grand Theft Auto III (2001) is an action-adventure game in which the player takes the role of a small-time crook in a large city, completing various missions for bosses over the course of the game. This was the first game in the open world Grand Theft Auto series to be set in a three-dimension world, prior games having been played from a top-down perspective, and the first game to include a detailed physics engine for the various interaction of objects in the world. The combination of the game's open world and physics system gave players the opportunity to explore how they could cause havoc within the game, making the game a virtual sandbox with players to toy with. In this manner, Grand Theft Auto III added the idea of emergent gameplay as a feature of sandbox games. Grand Theft Auto III succeeded The Sims as the best-selling game in the United States in 2001; In addition to its highly-successful sequels, Grand Theft Auto III led to a genre of derivative Grand Theft Auto clones focused on criminal activities such as the Saints Row series, as well as a broad range of open world, action-adventure games such as the Assassin's Creed and Far Cry series. This action game broadened expectations of a sandbox, a concept that was previously reserved for experiences like SimCity. These two games would become a major influence on many different games and genres to come. In 2007, game designer Warren Spector noted the influence of Will Wright on numerous designers, but was surprised that there weren't more who "mimic Wright's games or his sandbox-style, saying titles in the Grand Theft Auto look-alike genre are about the closest most developers have come to doing so." This influence led to a trend, and by 2010 critics were noting that "almost every blockbuster game now contains a considerable 'sandbox' element." This trend was linked to the rise of dynamic storytelling in sandbox worlds, as well as AI that is dynamic enough to supplement scripted content. Another major shift in sandbox games came with the release of Minecraft, which was first introduced in 2009 in beta form and its first full release in 2011. At its core, Minecraft is a voxel-based survival game, where players collect resources to build tools that help them to collect better resources, and to construct shelters to protect them from hostile creatures. However, there are no limits on how players can build these structures, and using the vast array of resources available in the game, players can build nearly anything they could imagine; the game has been compared to digital Lego bricks. Players' use of Minecraft in this way led to the developers to add a dedicated "Creative Mode" that stripped the survival elements from the game so that players could build without any hazards or other artificial limits. Minecraft became a massive success, having sold more than 180 million copies by May 2019 and being the best selling personal computer game of all time. With time, sandbox design had become a mainstay in survival games, as well as a popular subset of shooters, and RPGs. Long-time series such as Metal Gear had made the "shift to an open-world sandbox design," where the game dynamically "adds more missions as the story progresses and players complete the available side-ops". Other long-running series such as Hitman were celebrated for their sandbox design. The series became influential, creating a new template of games "that echo the same emphasis on sandbox design, open-ended mission structure, and sneaking". In 2020, PC Gamer noted Mount & Blade as "a triumph of sandbox design". They observe that "because of its sandbox nature, Mount & Blades quests are procedurally generated around a number of set templates," which leads to a game where "the simulation is the story". One pure sandbox game, aimed to offer no goals but allow players to create works to be shared with others, is Second Life (2003), a large massively multiplayer online game set in a virtual world where users could create various sections of the world as their own. The game was purposely developed as a community-driven world, so while the developers established some of the fundamentals of the in-game economies, much of how the workings and economics of the rest of Second Lifes world was set by the players, which created several issues around pricing, gambling, and taxes, among other aspects. The game ultimately drew use by business as well, seeking to create space within it. More recent sandbox games have been aimed at provided interactive works that can be shared with others. Garry's Mod allows players to tinker with the Source engine from Valve to make animations and games while games like LittleBigPlanet and Dreams (2019) from Media Molecule give users assets and primitive programming elements to craft games that can be shared with others. Use in education Some sandbox games have gained favorable use in education settings for inspiring studies to use creativity and critical thinking skills. Part of Microsoft's rationale for acquiring Mojang, the developers of Minecraft, for in 2014 was for its potential application in Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, according to CEO Satya Nadella on its acquisition in 2014, as the game already helps to pique children's curiosity. Microsoft subsequently enhanced the MinecraftEDU version of the game into its Minecraft: Education Edition that gives teachers and students numerous pre-made resources to work from, and the ability for teachers to monitor and assist students in their work, but otherwise allowing students to create and learn following several lesson plans developed by Microsoft. References Video game genres Video game gameplay Emergent gameplay Video game terminology

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17166036

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selinum%20carvifolia

Selinum carvifolia

Selinum carvifolia is a flowering plant of the genus Selinum in the family Apiaceae. The specific name carvifolia signifies 'having leaves resembling those of Caraway'. It is a plant of fens and damp meadows, growing in most of Europe, with the exception of much of the Mediterranean region, eastwards to Central Asia. Its common name in English is Cambridge milk parsley, because it is confined, in the UK, to the county of Cambridgeshire and closely resembles milk parsley (Peucedanum palustre), an umbellifer of another genus, but found in similar habitats. The two plants are not only similar in appearance, but also grow in similar moist habitats, although they may be told apart in the following manner: P. palustre has hollow, often purplish stems, pinnatifid leaf lobes and deflexed bracteoles; while S. carvifolia has solid, greenish stems, entire or sometimes lobed leaf-lobes and erecto-patent bracteoles. Also, when the two plants are in fruit, another difference becomes apparent: the three dorsal ridges on the fruit of S. carvifolia are winged, while those on the fruit of P. palustre are not. Yet a further difference lies in the respective leaflets of the plants : those of Peucedanum palustre are blunt and pale at the tip, while those of Selinum carvifolia are sharply pointed and of a darker green. S. carvifolia used also to occur in the English counties of Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire but is now extinct in both. Growing in only three small Cambridgeshire fens, it is one of England's rarest umbellifers. It is naturalized in the United States, where it is known by the common name little-leaf angelica. Taxonomy The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Seseli carvifolia. In 1762, he transferred it to the genus Selinum as Selinum carvifolia. Linnaeus capitalized the epithet, implying it was meant as a noun in apposition rather than an adjective. Distribution and habitat Selinum carvifolia is native to Europe and eastwards to West Siberia and Kazakhstan. In the UK, this lowland, perennial herb occurs in fens, damp meadows and rough-grazed marshy pasture on calcareous peaty soils or fen peat overlying chalk. It does not, however, grow on the wettest ground in fens, preferring slightly better-drained fringe areas and low banks. In continental Europe, by contrast, it has been recorded in a much wider range of habitats, including oakwoods in Poland, and, curiouser still, hot dry limestone in Bosnia and Croatia. Chemistry Selinum carvifolia has been found to contain a guaiene, certain trimethylbenzaldehydes (see also pages aldehyde and benzaldehyde) and minor amounts of other derivatives of the terpenoid (sesquiterpene-coumarin) ferulol. The main constituents of the closely related species S. broteri of Brittany (regarded by some botanists as a subspecies of S. carvifolia) are ferulyl senecioate, isoferulyl senecioate and ferulyl acetoxysenecioate. Trimethylbenzaldehydes occur not only in plants belonging to the Apiaceae, but also in certain members of the Iridaceae: 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde occurs in a variety of herbs and spices including Culantro (the leaves of the apiaceous Eryngium foetidum) and in Saffron (derived from the iridaceous Crocus sativus). The compound ferulol was first isolated from (and thus named for) the apiaceous genus Ferula in the year 2006 - the species in question being the Palestinian F. sinaica. Edibility/toxicity As its common name in English suggests, Selinum carvifolia has a somewhat parsley-like scent if crushed, although unlike Caraway (from which its specific name derives) it is not a highly aromatic Umbellifer. Records of its having been used as a food, seasoning or medicinal plant are hard to come by, but neither is it listed as a poisonous plant. References Apioideae Plants described in 1753 Flora of Europe Flora of West Siberia Flora of Kazakhstan

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17166085

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEA-PME

CEA-PME

European Entrepreneurs CEA-PME (Confédération Européenne des Associations de Petites et Moyennes Entreprises) is the largest European confederation of voluntarily associated small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is a Brussels-based business federation which currently counts 25 European associations among its members, with more than 2.1 million enterprises, employing over 20 million people. It maintains relationships with 15 partner associations in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.The Confederation's president is Maurizio Casasco, President of the Italian SME association CONFAPI, and the Co-President Mr. Markus Jerger, Executive Director of the Gerrman SME association BVMW. European Entrepreneurs CEA-PME was founded in 1992 and was registered in Belgium in 2004. It represents the interests of its members towards the institutions of the European Union and offers its members services in the field of public relations. The confederation regularly publishes positions on the most important European policies that have an impact on SMEs. It leads and has led a number of EU-funded projects to support SMEs across Europe like the first iteration of MobiliseSME, thought of as "an Erasmus for SMEs", DigitaliseSME, which helped entrepreneurs work with digital experts to digitalise their companies and the ongoing DataSkills4SMEs, which helps SMEs acquire data skills in different fields, like digital marketing and cybersecurity. External links Website MobiliseSME (first iteration) DigitaliseSME DataSkills4SMEs Organizations related to the European Union Business organizations based in Europe Organizations related to small and medium-sized enterprises

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17166106

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa%20Challenger

Medusa Challenger

Medusa Challenger (1977) is a dramatic short film that was Joe Mantegna’s first film. The film has been honored with numerous film festival awards and critical accolades. The film is in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the American Film Institute Collection in Washington, D.C., and the Chicago Film Archives. The film is one of the few American films widely seen (legally) in the People’s Republic of China. Plot Medusa Challenger is the story of two flower sellers, Uncle Jack (Jack Wallace) and his nephew Joey (Joe Mantegna), who sell flowers on the busy Lake Shore Drive bridge in downtown Chicago. When the huge cement carrier Medusa Challenger causes the drawbridge to be raised and traffic to be stopped, Jack and Joey become separated. Jack is chatting with Al the bridge tender in the tower where the bridge controls are located while Joey is watching "the stuff," the fresh flowers they hope to sell, on the other side of the bridge. Jack worries about Joey since Joey is mentally challenged. Jack is determined to get across the river so he commandeers a rowboat and rows across the Chicago River just as the big boat steams straight towards him. However, Joey rises to the occasion and sells all the flowers to the cars stopped by the bridge raising. Jack learns a new appreciation of Joey’s abilities and potential. Background/production Medusa Challenger was shot in the summer of 1976, before the Lake Shore Drive "S" curve was straightened. The film was released in theaters in 1977, premiering at Chicago’s Biograph Theater. Medusa Challenger was produced by Phillip Koch and written and directed by Steven Elkins. The Medusa Challenger is an actual vessel that became notorious in Chicago during the 1960s and 1970s because the city's drawbridges often got stuck when they were raised to let her pass, causing delays similar to the setting for this film. She was renamed in 1998 and 2005 as a result of corporate acquisitions. Now known as the St. Marys Challenger, she underwent conversion from a powered steamship to a barge beginning in 2013. Propelled by a dedicated tugboat, she visits the Chicago area some 30 times a year without incident. The drawbridge over Lake Shore Drive at the Chicago River is one of the largest double bascule bridges in America. Critical reception "A gem. A….masterpiece of economic cinematic storytelling…that in its flawless economy recalls classic shorts such as Roman Polanski’s Two Men and A Wardrobe. Generates considerable suspense because Wallace and Mantegna are such good actors."—Kevin Thomas, Los Angeles Times "Every once in a while a film comes along which is a pure joy to watch. The film is a gem, a ray of sunshine that brightens the day. Medusa Challenger is such a film. Anyone who sees this film will come away richer for it."—Barbara Flynn, Film News "Engaging and quietly touching…The movie has the clarity of narrative and bittersweet view of human nature of an O. Henry story."—Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times "Beautifully acted and produced…a moving and loving short film. They have seen that area…with an eye for beauty that could only come from affectionate natives."—Richard Christiansen, Chicago Daily News "Excellent. Mantegna’s performance is a masterpiece. A hauntingly beautiful musical score. A cinematic folk poem."—David Jones, Chicago Reader Awards and recognition 1977: Recipient of Arts Grant, Illinois Arts Council 1978: Blue Ribbon, American Film Festival 1978: Gold Plaque, Chicago International Film Festival 1978: Gold Medal, Virgin Islands Film Festival 1978: Special Jury Award, Virgin Islands Film Festival 1978: Special Jury Award, San Francisco International Film Festival 1978: Selected Film for Young Adults, American Library Association 1978: screening, Melbourne International Film Festival 1980: Emmy Award, Chicago Chapter, National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences 1980: Permanent Collection, Museum of Modern Art, New York 1986: USA Independent Showcase, American Film Institute 2008: added to American Film Institute Collection External links New York Times article References 1977 films American drama films Films set in Chicago Films shot in Chicago 1970s English-language films 1970s American films

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17166124

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthilia

Orthilia

Orthilia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. It has only one species, Orthilia secunda. Its common names are sidebells wintergreen, one-sided-wintergreen and serrated-wintergreen. It is also called one-sided pyrola, one-sided shinleaf, and one-sided wintergreen. It was previously part of genus Pyrola, the wintergreens. The plant has a circumboreal distribution, growing throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. The American wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, belongs to a different genus. Mixotrophy Orthilia secunda is a mixotroph. It obtains about one half of its carbon from mycorrhizal networks. Mycorrhizal fungi obtain carbon through the roots of nearby trees. Orthilia then obtains the carbon from the fungi through its roots. No counterflow of nutrients has been observed. Conservation status within the United States It is listed as endangered and extirpated in Maryland, extirpated in Indiana, presumed extirpated in Ohio, as threatened in Iowa and Rhode Island. It is a special concern and believed extirpated in Connecticut. Ethnobotany The Southern Carrier of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada use a strong decoction of the root as an eyewash. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment Photo gallery Pyroloideae Monotypic Ericaceae genera Flora of Europe Flora of Northern America Flora of temperate Asia Plants used in traditional Native American medicine

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17166144

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake%20Boss

Jake Boss

Jacob Boss Jr. is an American baseball coach and former player, who is the current head baseball coach of the Michigan State Spartans. He played college baseball at Alma College for head coach Bill Klenk from 1990 to 1993. He then served as the head coach of the Eastern Michigan Eagles in 2008. Early career Boss played college baseball at Division III Alma College from 1990–1993. In the mid-1990s, Boss served as a high school and community college baseball coach before accepting an assistant coaching position at Eastern Michigan prior to the 1997 season. He left Eastern Michigan after the 2004 season to serve as an assistant at Michigan from 2005–2007. Head coaching career Boss was named the head coach at Eastern Michigan for the 2008 season and spent one year there. Under Boss, the team lost its first 17 games but went 25–17 for the remainder of the season. The Eagles won the Mid-American Conference (MAC) Western Division Title and the MAC tournament, thus qualifying for the NCAA tournament. On July 1, 2008, Boss was named head baseball coach at Michigan State. During his 14 seasons at Michigan State University, Coach Boss has achieved significant success. He holds a record of 383-332 (.536), making him the winningest coach in program history over a 14-year span. Under his leadership, the MSU baseball team has experienced five of the top 10 winningest seasons in program history. They have also achieved seven 30-win seasons in the last 12 years, won the Big Ten regular-season championship in 2011, and made his first NCAA tournament appearance with Michigan State in 2012. Record Below is a table of Boss's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach. Personal life Boss has a nephew, Ike Irish, who plays baseball. See also List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches References Alma Scots baseball players Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people) Living people High school baseball coaches in the United States Iowa Central Tritons baseball coaches Eastern Michigan University alumni Eastern Michigan Eagles baseball coaches Michigan State Spartans baseball coaches Michigan Wolverines baseball coaches

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17166153

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20Foo%20Fighters

List of awards and nominations received by Foo Fighters

This is a comprehensive list of major music awards and nominations received by Foo Fighters, an American rock band. Foo Fighters were formed in 1994 by lead singer Dave Grohl. Foo Fighters has received thirty-five awards from one hundred-thirteen nominations. Their most successful performance at any one ceremony over time, is that of the Grammys with 15 wins, while the Kerrang Awards in the United Kingdom is their most successful in terms of winning every time they have been nominated, with 6 wins from 6 nominations. AltRock Awards |- |align="center" rowspan="2" | 2018 || Foo Fighters || Artist of the Year|| |- | Dave Grohl || Best Male Singer || |- American Music Awards The American Music Awards is an annual award created by Dick Clark. The awards show is similar to the Grammy Awards and the MTV Video Music Awards. BBC Music Awards Billboard Music Awards Brit Awards The Brit Awards are awarded annually in the United Kingdom. As of 2018, Foo Fighters has received five awards from eight nominations. GAFFA Awards Denmark GAFFA Awards Delivered since 1991, the GAFFA Awards are a Danish award that rewards popular music by the magazine of the same name. ! |- | 2002 | Foo Fighters | Best Foreign Band | | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| |- | 2006 | In Your Honor | Best Foreign Album | |- | 2007 | rowspan="2"| Foo Fighters | rowspan="2"| Best Foreign Band | | style="text-align:center;" | |- | 2018 | | style="text-align:center;" | |- |} Sweden GAFFA Awards Delivered since 2010, the GAFFA Awards (Swedish: GAFFA Priset) are a Swedish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name. ! |- | 2011 | Wasting Light | Best Foreign Album | | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="2"| 2018 | "Run" | Best Foreign Song | | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| |- | Concrete and Gold | Best Foreign Album | |- |} Global Awards Grammy Awards The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences in the United States. Foo Fighters has received fifteen awards from thirty-two nominations. They have won Best Rock Album five times, more than any other band. Kerrang! Awards The Kerrang! Awards is an award show from Kerrang! Magazine. Foo Fighters received six awards. MTV Awards MTV Australia Music Awards The MTV Australia Music Awards is the Australian version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Foo Fighters received five nominations. MTV Europe Music Awards The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annuel award show from MTV Europe. Foo Fighters received eleven nominations. MTV Video Music Awards The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Foo Fighters has received three awards from twenty-six nominations. MTV Video Music Awards Japan The MTV Video Music Awards Japan is the Japanese version of the MTV Video Music Awards. Foo Fighters were nominated three times. NME Awards The NME Awards is an annual award show from NME Magazine in the UK. Foo Fighters received five awards. People's Choice Awards The People's Choice Awards is an annual award show from CBS television. People vote for their favorite movies, TV shows, and music. Foo Fighters are nominated for one award. Radio Music Awards The Radio Music Awards is an annuel award show for the best radio music. Foo Fighters received three nominations. Q Awards The Q Awards is an annuel awards show from Q Magazine. Foo Fighters received two nominations. Teen Choice Awards The Teen Choice Awards is an annual award show which first aired in 1999 by Fox Broadcasting Company. Foo Fighters received five nominations. UK Music Video Awards The UK Music Video Awards is an annual award ceremony founded in 2008 to recognise creativity, technical excellence and innovation in music videos and moving images for music. |- | 2009 | Live at Wembley Stadium | Best Live Music Coverage | References Awards Lists of awards received by American musician Lists of awards received by musical group

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17166229

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Rivers

Jason Rivers

Jason Rivers (born May 12, 1984) is an American former gridiron football wide receiver. He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors, and was a favorite target of record-setting quarterback Colt Brennan. Rivers places prominently on Hawaii's career receiving lists: 2nd in career receptions (292) 2nd in career receiving yards (3,919) 3rd in career receiving touchdowns (35) After not being selected in the 2008 NFL Draft, he was signed by the Tennessee Titans as a free agent but subsequently released. Rivers is of Samoan and African American descent. Prior to playing college football, Rivers attended Saint Louis School in Honolulu. See also 2006 Hawaii Bowl, during which Rivers and Brennan set several Hawaii Bowl records and were named co-MVPs References 1985 births Living people American football wide receivers Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football players Players of American football from Honolulu American sportspeople of Samoan descent African-American players of American football 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American people Saint Louis School alumni

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17166239

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda%20Sea%20Triple%20Junction

Banda Sea Triple Junction

The Banda Sea Triple Junction is a geologic triple junction where three tectonic plates meet: the Indo-Australian Plate, the Pacific Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is located on the seafloor of the Banda Sea off the west coast of the island of New Guinea. The plate boundaries which meet at this triple junction are all subduction zones (trenches). References Tectonics of Indonesia – University of North Dakota Triple junctions Geology of Indonesia Banda Sea

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17166254

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20Madness

Murder Madness

Murder Madness is a science fiction novel by American writer Murray Leinster. It was first published in book form in 1931 by Brewer and Warren. It was Leinster's first book. The novel was originally serialized in four parts in the magazine Astounding SF beginning in May 1930. Plot introduction The novel concerns a tyrant who attempts to control civilization by using a madness-inducing drug. Sources External links 1931 American novels 1931 science fiction novels American science fiction novels Novels first published in serial form Works originally published in Analog Science Fiction and Fact Novels by Murray Leinster

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17166260

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382%20Serie%20B

1981–82 Serie B

The Serie B 1981–82 was the fiftieth tournament of this competition played in Italy since its creation. Teams Reggiana, Cremonese, Cavese and Sambenedettese had been promoted from Serie C, while Brescia, Perugia and Pistoiese had been relegated from Serie A. Final classification Results References and sources Almanacco Illustrato del Calcio - La Storia 1898-2004, Panini Edizioni, Modena, September 2005 Serie B seasons 2 Italy

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17166280

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincetoxicum%20hirundinaria

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria

Vincetoxicum hirundinaria, commonly named white swallow-wort, is a long-lived herbaceous perennial of the genus Vincetoxicum in the family Apocynaceae. Etymology The generic name Vincetoxicum, in Latin meaning ‘conqueror of poison’, derives from the traditional use of this plant as an antidote to poisons. The Latin species name hirundinaria (from hirundo, meaning swallow) and the common name white swallow-wort refer to its seedpods, that are reminiscent of a swallow's wing, or tail. Description Vincetoxicum hirundinaria can reach a height of . Stem is erect, stout and glabrous. Flowers in whorls form a raceme. They have a diamenter of about . Corolla has five white petals. Calyx is composed by five fused, sharp-pointed sepals. Leaves are opposite, ovate to lanceolate and short-stalked. Fruits reach a length of about 5 cm and contain many seeds showing a tuft of white hairs. Flowering time lasts from June to the end of July. Distribution and habitat This species is native to cliffs and slopes, especially in calcareous soils, of continental Eurasia (including some Baltic islands). There are introduced populations in North America (Ontario, Michigan, and New York). It is not present in Great Britain and Ireland. Human culture Vincetoxicum hirundinaria is a poisonous plant traditionally used in treating diseases and in magic. The plant was mentioned by Pedanius Dioscorides as a traditional plant used by Dacians and known as the "herb of animals", believed to open any locked door. Gallery References External links hirundinaria Flora of Asia Flora of Europe

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17166296

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over%20Kellet

Over Kellet

Over Kellet is a village and civil parish near Carnforth in the English county of Lancashire. The parish, which is in the City of Lancaster, includes the village of Capernwray, at its northern end, and has a population of 778, decreasing slightly to 761 at the 2011 Census. The Lancaster Canal passes through the parish. The village was referred to as Chellet in the Domesday Book, and more recently has also been known as Lesser Kellet. It is approximately east of Carnforth, and east of junction 35 of the M6 motorway. The Church of St Cuthbert has existed since 1215. The current building, a Grade II* listed building, was mostly built in the 16th century. It was restored in 1864, and is now a joint Anglican/Methodist church. Capernwray Dive Centre can be found on the outskirts of the village. Capernwray Hall Capernwray Hall is an 1844 country house designed by Edmund Sharpe and is a grade II* listed building. Since 1947 it has been the home of the Capernwray Missionary Fellowship of Torchbearers. Capernwray Old Hall is a different, grade II listed, late 17th-century building. See also Listed buildings in Over Kellet References External links Over Kellet Village Geography of the City of Lancaster Civil parishes in Lancashire Villages in Lancashire

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17166310

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Lewis%20%28wrestler%29

Frank Lewis (wrestler)

Frank Wiatt Lewis (December 6, 1912 – August 16, 1998) was an American wrestler and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, where he earned a gold medal in the freestyle welterweight (72 kg) division. Franklin was born in Coleman, Texas and raised in Cushing, Oklahoma. In high school, he won an Oklahoma wrestling state championship in 1929. He wrestling collegiately at Oklahoma State (then called Oklahoma A&M). Lewis was an NCAA runner-up in 1934 and the NCAA champion in 1935 at 155 pounds, while also being named Most Outstanding Wrestler of the event. Following college, he earned a sport on the U.S. Olympic freestyle wrestling team, winning a gold medal in the welterweight division (72 kg) at the 1936 Olympic Games. In 1979, Lewis was inducted in the National Wrestling Hall of Fame as a Distinguished Member. References 1912 births 1998 deaths Wrestlers at the 1936 Summer Olympics American male sport wrestlers Oklahoma State Cowboys wrestlers Olympic gold medalists for the United States in wrestling Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics 20th-century American people

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17166311

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veronica%20serpyllifolia

Veronica serpyllifolia

Veronica serpyllifolia, the thyme-leaved speedwell or thymeleaf speedwell, is a perennial flowering plant in the plantain family. It is native to Europe, but can be found elsewhere on most continents as an introduced species. Description Veronica serpyllifolia L. initially grows low to the ground then will start to grow upright. The flowers are small, white, and have dark purple marks on their petals. The leaves are oval, borne on creeping stems. Roots grow from leaf axils. The prostrate stems bear erect flowering branches up to 20 cm high. The leaves are opposite on short stalks. The flowers are in racemes with a corolla 6 mm wide. The first leaves of the seedling have no petiole, are hairless, and have a smooth margin. Their stems grow from nodes on the rhizomes, allowing it to grow in thick mats close to the ground. The lower leaves are oval and have smooth margins. The upper leaves are oval shaped but smaller than the lower leaves. The lower leaves have relatively short stalks, while the higher or upper leaves are stalkless (lack petioles). Flowers have four petals and grow from the leaf axils. The fruits are capsules. The capsules are obcordate or heart shaped, mostly flattened and have a pubescent outer layer with a notched tip. Veronica serpyllifolia capsules are approximately 2.5-3.5 mm long. Once the capsules are mature, they open to release many small seeds. Their root systems are both fibrous and rhizomatous. The fruit is lined with hairs and the seeds on the inside of the capsule are also flattened. This plant can be hard to spot as it is relatively small and grows in patches which can be covered by grass. They are more noticeable when they bloom. Veronica serpyllifolia reproduces either by dropping its seeds or by rooting stems. Distribution Veronica serpyllifolia L., commonly known as thyme-leaved speedwell, is native to Europe and is introduced to North America and New Zealand. As of 2010, it is known to occur in 37 of the US states and is considered a weed in North America. Veronica serpyllifolia frequently occurs in open grass lands and cultivated areas on lighter soils. Veronica serpyllifolia grows in full sunlight, tolerates partial shade, and thrives in a moist environment during the spring . They can grow in elevations up to 3300 m. Ecology Pollinators of V. serpyllifolia include flies and bees that visit the flowers for nectar. The seeds can be dispersed by attaching onto the wings of birds or the fur of some animals. Veronica serpyllifolia seeds were found in cattle dung, thus cattle or other grazers are likely important dispersers of the plant. Weed control Veronica serpyllifolia grows in patches and is commonly recognized as a weed of turf grass. Ways to remove V. serpyllifolia from lawns are by mowing and watering and fertilizing lawns properly, this hinders the weeds ability to compete. The use of herbicide is recommended for the complete removal of this species from a yard or a lawn. Picking the weed and pulling the roots out can work but this risks the further dispersal of seeds on the lawn. One study showed that wiping herbicides onto the plant rather than spraying it helps to better remove of the species. It stated that wiping method worked better and the spray on method caused harm to other grasses surrounding the weeds. Synonyms Synonyms of Veronica serpyllifolia include: Veronicastrum serpyllifolium (L.) Fourr. and Veronica serpyllifolia L. var. nummularioides Lecoq & Lamotte. Wetland plant status Veronica serpyllifolia is able to grow in both jurisdictional wetlands and non-wetlands. According the wetland plant classification system in the United States, V. serpyllifolia is classified as a facultative (FAC) to obligate (OBL) wetland plant. References External links Native Plant Identification Network Missouri Plants Isle of Skye Flora serpyllifolia Plants described in 1753 Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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17166322

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Dunn%20%28Washington%20politician%29

Jim Dunn (Washington politician)

Jim Dunn (born 1942) is an American politician and a former member of the Washington House of Representatives. He represented the 17th Legislative District from 1996-2003 and 2006-2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. Personal Representative Jim Dunn and his wife, Joan, have been married since 1964 and have lived in Clark County since 1977. They have two grown children and five grandchildren. A Vietnam era veteran, Representative Dunn served three enlistments in the U.S. Air Force and Reserves. He is also a descendant of pioneer families from the Washington and Alaska territories. State government Republican State Representative for the 17th Legislative District of Washington from 1996 through 2002; elected State Representative for that district again in 2004 and 2006, again as a Republican. Dunn lost his primary bid for re-election in 2008. Community activism Knights of Columbus County Charter Board Holy Redeemer Catholic Church Loyal Order of Moose American Legion References External links 1942 births Living people Louisiana State University alumni Republican Party members of the Washington House of Representatives Native American state legislators in Washington (state) Politicians from Anchorage, Alaska Politicians from Vancouver, Washington United States Air Force airmen Military personnel from Anchorage, Alaska United States Air Force reservists

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17166338

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20M.%20Brett

Richard M. Brett

Richard M. Brett (September 3, 1903 – September 7, 1989) was an American conservationist and author. Biography Early life Brett was born in Darien, Connecticut and spent most of his life in Woodstock, Vermont, and Fairfield, Connecticut. Brett was a graduate of the Taft School, Williams College, and the Yale School of Forestry. Career Brett served as treasurer (appointed 1926) and general manager of Macmillan Publishing. After serving in World War II, Brett was the business manager of the New York Public Library from 1947 until 1953. Conservationist After retirement in 1953, Brett moved to Vermont, where he set up a tree farm with habitats for wildlife at Hawk's Hill in East Barnard. He served as a trustee of the Vermont Natural Resources Council. Brett later donated his Hawk's Hill tree farm to the New England Forestry Foundation. Military service Brett served in the Army Air Corps during World War II. Bibliography Country Journal Woodlot Primer: The Right Way to Manage Your Woodland by Richard M. Brett (1983) Primer on Aging by Richard M. Brett (1988) An inquiry into flood plains by Richard M Brett (1973) See also George Edward Brett George Platt Brett, Sr. George Platt Brett Macmillan Publishers (United States) References American conservationists 1903 births 1989 deaths United States Army Air Forces soldiers United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II Writers from Fairfield, Connecticut Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies alumni Williams College alumni

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17166347

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Frauenheim

Fritz Frauenheim

Fritz Frauenheim (9 January 1912 – 28 September 1969) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in December 1940, he sank 19 ships for a total of , and damaged two others. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Early life Frauenheim was born in Berlin-Friedenau on 9 March 1912. He entered the navy and spent his initial training on the cadet ship , followed by a period on the light cruiser Karlsruhe. He was transferred to the U-boat force in January 1936 and rose quickly through the ranks and on 1 April 1939 he was promoted to Kapitänleutnant. He appears to have spent time with the German forces supporting the Spanish Nationalist forces during the Spanish Civil War, as he was awarded the Spanish Cross on 6 June 1939. Wartime career Frauenheim had been made watch officer on in 1938, eventually spending over a year in this role, until October 1939. He was appointed to command on 1 October 1937, eventually carrying out five patrols, eventually sinking four merchant ships. He also laid mines, one of which damaged on 21 November, putting her out of action for nearly three years. The Bayonet was sunk by one of U-21’s mines on 21 December. Frauenheim left U-21 on 6 January 1940, taking over command of the newly built on 11 March 1940. He commissioned the boat and took her on four successful patrols. He sank a total of 12 ships, including three sunk and one damaged from convoy SC 7. He left U-101 on 18 November 1940 and became a teacher in the 2nd ULD. He went on to hold a number of staff positions, before taking command of 23rd U-boat Flotilla in the Mediterranean in September 1941. In 1942 he moved to command 29th U-boat Flotilla. On 1 March 1943 he was promoted to Korvettenkapitän. In February 1944 Frauenheim joined the staff of the Admiral der Kleinkampfverbände (Admiral of Small Battle Units), where he remained for the rest of the war. He was again promoted, this time to Fregattenkapitän on 1 December 1944. Post war After the end of the war Frauenheim spent eight months in Allied captivity before being released. Frauenheim for almost 20 years until his death worked at the Mobil Oil AG in the Federal Republic of Germany. His last position was a member of the board and head of the department of Marine Transportation and Pipelines. He died in Hamburg on 28 September 1969, aged 57. Awards Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (2 October 1936) Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939) Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (2 October 1939) 1st Class (7 November 1939) Sudetenland Medal (20 December 1938) Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 29 August 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-101 Knight's Cross of the Order of the Roman Eagle with Swords (18 June 1943) German Cross in Gold on 23 November 1944 as Korvettenkapitän with the Admiral of the Kleinkampfverbände Promotions References Citations Bibliography 1912 births 1969 deaths Military personnel from Berlin U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine) Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross German military personnel of the Spanish Civil War Recipients of the Gold German Cross Reichsmarine personnel People from Tempelhof-Schöneberg

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17166352

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist%20Party%20of%20Oklahoma

Socialist Party of Oklahoma

The Socialist Party of Oklahoma was a semi-autonomous affiliate of the Socialist Party of America located in the Southwestern state of Oklahoma. One of the last states admitted to the Union, the area later incorporated into Oklahoma had been previously used for reservations to which indigenous Native American populations were deported, with the area formally divided after 1890 into two entities — an "Oklahoma Territory" in the West and an "Indian Territory" in the East. In April 1889 some 2 million acres of unassigned lands in the future Oklahoma Territory were opened up to non-Native American settlement in the first of a series of Oklahoma land runs. Dominated by agriculture in an often harsh climate, the Oklahoma Territory was in this period one of the last undeveloped frontiers of the continental United States. With the regional economy dominated by the massive economic power of great railroads and large financial entities, an ethic of agrarian radicalism developed among many of Oklahoma's debt-ridden and impoverished small-holding farmers. Powered more by religious fervor than by Marxist ideology, substantial sections of the People's Party and its eventual successor, the Socialist Party sprung forth from the Oklahoma soil. As the first decade of the 20th century drew to a close, the Socialist Party of Oklahoma was one of the most dominant state organizations of the national party, gaining the support of nearly one in five Oklahoma voters and electing candidates to office in various locales around the state. This boom was followed by a bust, however. The anti-militarist stance taken by the Socialist Party towards World War I was deeply unpopular with many of the organization's generally patriotic rural party members and provoked disruptive and sometimes violent reactions by others in the community. In August 1917 a failed armed march on Washington, DC remembered to history as the Green Corn Rebellion, organized by a local radical organization close to the Industrial Workers of the World, was blamed on the Socialists. The massive public outrage which followed prompted the dismantling of the state organization. By 1920 organized Socialism in Oklahoma had been almost completely extinguished. A fledgling Oklahoma state socialist organization was reestablished in 1928 and grew somewhat during the first half of the 1930s during the years of the Great Depression. Organizational history Background The "Oklahoma lands" — the entire future state of Oklahoma with the exception of the narrow western panhandle — were first set aside as a site to which Native American populations were to be deported from their ancestral homelands in the 1830s. It was there that the so-called "Five Civilized Tribes" — the Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Muscogee (Creek) peoples — were relocated at that time, clearing the way for European-American colonization of their previous lands. Following the conclusion of the American Civil War the Federal government used the fact of these five Native American peoples' support of the Confederate States of America as a pretext for retaking approximately half of these "Oklahoma lands." This freed new area for additional forced relocations of other Native American peoples. In the years after the civil war the "Oklahoma lands" were administratively divided, with the Eastern territory remaining in the possession of the Cherokee, Seminole, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Muscogee designated the Indian Territory and the Western area given the official designation Oklahoma Territory. It was originally envisioned that part of this land ceded back to the Federal government after the conclusion of the Civil War would be used for the settlement of freed African-American slaves, but no such systematic relocation campaign was conducted. At the end of the 1880s, nearly two million acres (810,000 hectares) of unused land remained in the Federal inventory at the center of the present state. With little other free land available on the American frontier, public pressure grew for this land to be made available for settlement. Expectant settlers known as "Boomers" began to organize in neighboring Kansas, agitating the government to open the Unassigned Lands for settlement and promising the mutual support of their members for the establishment of their individual claims. Attempts were made by some of these Boomers to squat claims, which were met by ineffectual government dispersals of illegal settlers and their subsequent re-invasion of illegally claimed lands. Public pressure and the ongoing pattern of illegal occupation began to move the wheels of government towards a fundamental transformation of its Indian policy. The Dawes Act of 1887 authorized the dismantling of collectively held tribal lands into individual allotments and signaled an intention to open the whole of the Unassigned Lands to parcelization and allocation to private landholders. Whereas commonly held tribal lands were unlikely to be leased out to white settlers, the Dawes Act with its individually owned parcels ranging from 60 to 320 acres created a situation in which individuals could be persuaded to make transactions that tribal governments would not. The fragmentation of the collectively owned tribal lands was followed in April 1889 by the first and largest of a series of officially sanctioned Oklahoma land runs, in which prospective settlers rushed to stake claims to parcels previously part of the Unassigned Lands. Oklahoma became the new Kansas — a bustling, hardscrabble, agrarian frontier economy emerged, with Oklahoma City the nexus of the Oklahoma Colony. White settlers flocked to the state in search of nominally priced virgin agricultural land. By August 1889 nearly 6,000 claims were filed on over 900,000 acres of land. The next year would see another 7,000 claims putting a million more acres behind fences. By 1901 virtually all the Oklahoma Territory — the western half of today's Oklahoma, land previously set-aside for displaced Native American populations — was in the hands of European-American homesteaders. Oklahoma populism Obtaining land proved to be the simple part of the economic equation for the white newcomers to the Oklahoma Territory. Life proved difficult. The timing of the April 1889 land dash made the growing of a crop in the first year nigh impossible. Settlers, many of whom were of limited financial means to begin with, were forced to draw down the stocks of provisions which they carried with them to their new homesteads. Homes were built and wells dug, but 1890 was a year of severe drought, which made a second consecutive year of no farm income for many settlers. Thugs squatting on prime land sometimes kept their rightful owners off their own property until matters could be litigated in court, further impeding the development of viable farms. Speculators claimed prime land and access to transportation and water. Some lost their claims and were rendered landless owing to a lack of funds to pay legal fees. Exacerbating these problems, for a full year no territorial government existed to adjudicate the myriad of legal issues which emerged. On top of the difficulties faced in the launching of a new agricultural economy came the insertion from neighboring states of a resource-draining financial and business apparatus. Few Oklahomans had the financial resources to go into business for themselves on more than a personal subsistence level and a seller's market prevailed. A costly credit system emerged in which merchants would frequently charge substantially higher prices for wares purchased on credit and then levy heavy interest rates on the unpaid balance — combined costs which could add as much as 50% to the total purchase price. Many were forced to mortgage their furniture and basic possessions at exorbitant interest rates in order to make ends meet. Defaulting families lost their possessions and were reduced into still more dire living conditions. Poverty was endemic. Nearly a decade after the great land grab of 1889, one study estimated the value of the furniture owned by the average Oklahoman family at just $7.50. The widespread economic misery had the effect of radicalizing a significant segment of the Oklahoma population. This found expression in the 1890 establishment of the People's Party (commonly known as the "Populists") in Oklahoma in the summer of 1890. On June 21, 1890, representatives of the Farmers' Alliance, the Knights of Labor, and the Union Labor Party gathered in Oklahoma City for pre-convention planning. The group set August 13, 1890 as the date for the first territorial convention of the new political organization, which sought to challenge the dominant Democratic and less potent Republican parties in the Oklahoma Territory. The selection of this date proved unfortunate, however, as Governor George Washington Steele subsequently announced August 5 — a week ahead of the scheduled organizing convention — as the date for the election of a territorial legislature. Despite being surprised by the snap election, the Populists still managed to win election to several seats in the first territorial legislature, including a sweep of Payne County's senator and three representatives and winning another seat in Payne County. People's Party supporters tended to be Northern-born, while the Democrats were skewed towards the Southern born. The Republicans tended to split the Northern-born vote with the Populists, dominated by those hailing from New England, while People's Party supporters tended to be of Midwestern origins. Six Republicans, 5 Democrats, 1 Populist, and 1 Republican-leaning Independent were elected to the 1890 Oklahoma Territorial Council (Senate), while the first House of Representatives included 14 Republicans, 8 Democrats, and 4 Populists. Oklahoma was, in short, a three party state from the outset. The People's Party remained an extremely effective political entity for two more election cycles. In 1892 the Oklahoma People's Party advanced a full slate of its candidates, committed to the third party approach but relegated to third place. In the elections of November 1894, however, the People's Party seemed to break through, outpolling the candidate of the Democratic Party for Congress by drawing 33% of the vote in a losing effort. The party was ultimately shattered in 1896 amidst a bitter division between "fusionists" who sought to cooperate with the Democratic Party headed by William Jennings Bryan, who seemed to share some of the Populists' programmatic interests and those who wished to "stick to the middle of the road" by nominating a full slate of candidates in the name of the People's Party. The victory of the "fusionists" over "mid-road" adherents, followed by Bryan's defeat at the polls in 1896 proved a near mortal blow to the People's Party, which very nearly dissolved in the aftermath. It would be the Democratic Party which would survive, with many former Populists moving over to the support of that organization. The ground was cleared for a new political organization to represent the interests of common people against the monied interests which dominated each of the "old parties." The Indiahoma Farmers' Union With the effective demise of the People's Party, a new organization game to the fore to advance the issues of the impoverished small-holding and tenant farmers of the Oklahoma and Indian Territories. This was to be the Indiahoma Farmers' Union (IFU), a new entity harkening back to the Farmers' Alliance which was headed by a former Populist named Newt Gresham. The IFU was patterned after a similar organization established in neighboring Texas in 1902. Expansion was made northward into the Oklahoma and Indian Territories the following year. The fledgling organization remained part of the Texas Farmers' Union until early in 1905, when it was granted organizational independence and formally adopted the Indiahoma Farmers' Union The Indiahoma Farmers' Union was an organization founded around the idea of advancing cooperative enterprise. The Socialist Party of America Far from improving, the conditions faced by Oklahoma's small-holding and tenant farmers remained abysmal into the first years of the 20th century. Farmers continued to suffer greatly unfavorable terms for credit or rent while receiving extremely low prices for the cotton, corn, and wheat which they produced. Southern agriculture was the hardest hit in the nation, and the regional blight which plagued the cotton economy impacted even the Southwestern state of Oklahoma. By 1910 half the farmers of the South worked on land which they did not own, with between one-quarter and one-half of their annual production lost off the top to rent. The average income of such farmers in Oklahoma was estimated in one contemporary study at just $200 per year. On December 27, 1899 a territorial meeting of Oklahoma socialists was held in a hall located above the old post office building in Oklahoma City, with 32 delegates representing 10 of the state's 23 counties in attendance. A committee was established to investigate establishing a socialist newspaper for the territory. The gathering was addressed by Prof. William Gibbs, an African-American teacher from Guthrie on "The Relation of the Negro to Socialism." A 14-member permanent territorial socialist committee was established, including both white and black members, and H.E. Farnsworth of Newkirk was selected as Territorial Secretary. The decision was made to remain independent of any national organization until some plan of union of the dissident Socialist Labor Party headed by Henry Slobodin and Morris Hillquit and the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party of Victor L. Berger and Eugene V. Debs could be effected. The name "Socialist Party of Oklahoma" was adopted until such time that national affiliation could be concluded. Organized in August 1901, the Socialist Party of America further carried on the legacy of the Farmers' Alliance and the People's Party. Although nominally a Marxist party based upon the idea of organization of the working class, in Oklahoma the impoverished and exploited small-holders and tenant farmers were seen as a sort of "substitute proletariat" by Socialist activists. One prominent party organizer, Oscar Ameringer, declared after his extensive travels throughout the state that "Oklahoma farmers' standard of living was so far below the sweatshop workers of the New York east side that comparison should not be thought of." Such farmers were "as wretched a set of slaves as ever walked the face of the earth, anywhere or at any time," Ameringer opined. Growth The Socialist Party of Oklahoma took its biggest steps forward in size and influence as the first decade of the 20th century came to a close, with the decline of the Farmers' Union opened the door for the Socialists organizationally. In 1908 the party for the first time attempted to mobilize tenant farmers through inclusion of "land planks" in the electoral platform. The Oklahoma effort was aided by Julius Wayland and his widely circulated weekly, The Appeal to Reason, which published a special Oklahoma edition in 1908. The party's effort were rewarded, with Socialist candidates in the poorest cotton-growing areas of the state garnering the party's highest level of voter support. In certain counties the Socialist Presidential ticket of Eugene V. Debs and Ben Hanford drew a quarter of the votes cast. Statewide, the Debs-Hanford ticket won 21,425 votes — just short of 8.5% of the total ballots cast. The final departure of the People's Party from the political scene after the 1908 election further broadened Socialist horizons. At the time of the 1908 campaign an astonishing 375 locals of the Socialist Party were scattered across the state of Oklahoma, working in support of candidates in 5 Congressional Districts, 12 State Senatorial Districts, and 35 Assembly Districts. The SPO maintained a corps of 15 traveling organizers in the field, with no fewer than 4 of these on tour at any one time. A movement was begun for the establishment of a Socialist daily newspaper in Oklahoma City. The Socialists further advanced their demand for "constant enlargement of the public domain" on behalf of tenant farmers during the next election cycle. Oklahoma Socialists attempted to push the wage-labor-oriented Socialist Party to pass an agricultural program at its 1910 "National Congress," aided by Midwesterners Algie M. Simons and Kate Richards O'Hare. The agriculturally oriented Oklahoma party's call for the expansion of state ownership of farmland for the benefit of landless tenants, funded by stringent taxes upon land speculators, went unheeded. The party was notable for its support for equal rights for African-Americans: it led opposition to the state's 1910 ballot initiative on a grandfather clause to prevent blacks from voting, with Ameringer writing the ballot argument against it. The party's 1912 platform stated that "safety and advancement of the working class depends upon its solidarity and class consciousness. Those who would engender or foster race hatred or animosity between the white and black sections of the working class are the enemies of both". This stance earned the party support from key black leaders in the state. In 1911, Oscar Ameringer made a major push into politics running for mayor of Oklahoma City. He gathered twenty-three percent of the vote. In 1912, the Oklahoma Socialist Party voted to abolish the Oklahoma Pioneer as its official newspaper and a year later recalled Ameringer from his seat on the National Executive Committee. In 1931, Ameringer returned to Oklahoma and founded the American Guardian, which remained in circulation until 1942. The rise of the party in Oklahoma was accompanied by a degree of factional tension, with its rank and file being dominated by the left-wing "Reds" who supported a decentralized form of organization, and its most prominent leaders including social democratic "Yellows" such as Ameringer and Otto Branstetter who wanted to implement more centralized structures along the lines of those established by Victor Berger in Milwaukee. Ameringer and Branstetter were removed from their roles in the state party in 1913 as a result of factional infighting. In 1914, the SPO had over 800 locals and over 175 elected officials, including six state legislators - the second largest caucus of Socialist state legislators in the country, after Wisconsin. In that year's gubernatorial election, Socialist candidate Fred W. Holt took 20 percent of the vote. In the mid-1910s the party claimed around 10,000 members, giving it the highest membership per capita of any state affiliate of the Socialist Party. In the aftermath of the 1914 campaign, one friendly analyst offered reasons for the growth and success of the Socialist Party in the state: "The first is the intelligence of the Oklahoma farmer, who reads a great deal, and the constant political agitation in Oklahoma, giving him an opportunity to hear the political situation discussed. He has discovered that he is not getting a square deal. Another reason for the gain of the Socialist vote and the loss of the Democratic vote in Oklahoma is the revolt against the corrupt conditions in Oklahoma politics." While nationally the Democratic Party made inroads among progressive voters in 1916 behind Presidential nominee Woodrow Wilson and his anti-interventionist campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out of War," the Socialist Party retained substantial support in the cotton- and wheat-growing regions of Oklahoma. In the November 1916 elections Socialists maintaining at least a 20% share of the vote in 22 counties, with the percentage in some rural precincts hitting the 50% mark. The Socialist presidential ticket headed by Allan L. Benson gained 15% of the state vote, nearly equalling the 16% cast for Eugene V. Debs by Oklahoma voters in the previous election. Socialist encampments One particularly effective technique in building the socialist movement in Oklahoma surrounded the use of Socialist encampments, camping excursions in the countryside patterned off Protestant revival meetings and used previously in the state by the populist movement. In his 1940 memoir veteran socialist Oscar Ameringer remembered the Oklahoma encampments at length: "These encampments were lineal descendants of the religious and Populist camp meetings of former days. They usually lasted a full week. The audience came in covered wagons from as far as 70 miles around. We furnished water, firewood, and toilet facilities. The pilgrims brought their own commissary, cooked, ate, and slept on the ground or in their covered wagons. Besides a large circus tent, we carried cooking and sleeping tents for the crew. Expenses were defrayed from collections taken at meetings and funds raised by chambers of commerce in the nearest trading centers... "These encampments were attended by an average of 5,000 people, and they meant business. Furthermore, they were welcome because they brought customers together and stimulated business.... "In the course of the encampment we often arranged horseback parades through the town proper. Many of the younger people had arrived on horseback. Others rode the horses and mules of their covered wagons. A few thousand men riding through a town of perhaps not twice that many inhabitants looked like the migration of nations. Or at least it looked as though the social revolution were just around the corner..." Question and answer sessions, educational lectures by prominent orators such as Eugene V. Debs, Walter Thomas Mills, and Kate Richards O'Hare, singing and instrumental music, and discussions around the campfire marked these Socialist encampments. In the process converts to the socialist cause made and the spirit of believers fortified. In 1915, over 200 encampments were held, with the largest hosting up to 10,000 participants. Decline Threats of violence against Socialists began in Oklahoma in 1916. The drive towards American intervention in Mexico against Pancho Villa inflamed patriotic sentiments throughout the Southwest, causing an anti-Socialist editor to opine of one local Socialist of purportedly pro-Mexican sympathies that "such a man does not deserve the protection of the American government" and hint broadly of a popular desire for a lynching rope. A Socialist newspaper editor was driven from his home after stating a desire that any American who invaded Mexico should be buried there. The editor of the Marshall County News-Democrat threw more gasoline on the fire, condemning the Socialist opposition as "lying reprobates and degenerate libertines" who should "all be driven from the American continent." With American entry into World War I, the rhetoric and the stakes were raised yet again, with the Democratic state government of Oklahoma establishing a state-level organization to promote the aims and policies of the national military effort, the Oklahoma Council of Defense. This group of wealthy citizens and community leaders launched a coordinated campaign against the "dangerous" internationalist and pacifist ideas of the Socialist movement. Local councils committed acts of violence against dissidents, including the use of tar and feathers, application of yellow paint, and flogging. The Green Corn Rebellion The Socialist Party opposed World War I, and came under fierce attacks for being unpatriotic. Oklahoma suffered from widespread Germanophobia, which saw the cities of Kiel, Bismark, and Korn were renamed Loyal, Wright, and Corn, respectively. In late 1917, the leadership of the Oklahoma Socialist Party disbanded the state party, in the tumultuous aftermath of the failed Green Corn Rebellion, for which Socialists and Wobblies were blamed. However, this decision was contested by many rank and file as being illegal under party rules. Reorganization of 1928 Throughout the 1920s the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, formerly one of the strongest state divisions of the SPA, virtually vanished from the political landscape. Only a small handful of at large members remained on the party's membership rolls, with all locals and the state organization discontinued. In February 1928 effort on the part of the SPA's National Office in Chicago began to be exerted to reestablish the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, with the state's at large members reached via mail with a view to the calling of a state conference in Oklahoma City prior to the party's national convention late in the spring. Around March 1, 1928 a formal call was issued for a reorganizational convention of the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, with a view to nomination of a full party ticket for the November elections in the state. The gathering, held in Musicians Hall in Oklahoma City, was freely delegated and open to "all party members and all those who expect to join before the date of the convention, or even at the beginning of the convention." Socialist Party observers optimistically predicted the rapid growth of the new Socialist Party of Oklahoma as soon as the reorganization had taken place. The reorganizational convention was attended by 40 delegates from around the state. National Secretary of the Socialist Party William H. Henry was named chairman of the convention and Oklahoma Socialist Party veteran Freda Hogan was elected secretary. The gathering elected a new 7-member State Committee and chose Myrtle Blackwell of Oklahoma City as the temporary State Secretary until such time that a permanent State Secretary could be elected. Two delegates were elected to the forthcoming 1928 National Convention on behalf of the newly reorganized Oklahoma state party. Prominent members Oscar Ameringer Otto Branstetter Winnie Branstetter Ida Hayman Callery J. Tad Crumbie R.E. Dooley Orville E. Enfield Sydney W. Hill Charles Henry Ingham David C. Kirkpatrick Thomas Henry McLemore Patrick S. Nagle N. D. Pritchett H.H. Stallard Thomas W. Woodrow G. E. Wilson Socialist and radical newspapers published in Oklahoma {| class="wikitable" border="3" |- ! Publication ! Town ! County ! Dates Published |- | align="center" | The Agitator | align="center" | Sayre | align="center" | Beckham | align="center" | 1913–191? |- | align="center" | Beckham County Advocate | align="center" | Carter | align="center" | Beckham | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Berlin Herald | align="center" | Berlin | align="center" | Roger Mills | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Boswell Submarine | align="center" | Boswell | align="center" | Choctaw | align="center" | 1912–1915 |- | align="center" | The Bugle | align="center" | Oklahoma City | align="center" | Oklahoma | align="center" | April 1922- Jan. 1924 |- | align="center" | Cleo Chieftain | align="center" | Cleo Springs | align="center" | Major | align="center" | 1895–1942 |- | align="center" | Durant Independent Farmer | align="center" | Durant | align="center" | Bryan | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Ellis County Socialist | align="center" | Shattuck | align="center" | Ellis | align="center" | 1914–1917 |- | align="center" | Farmers' Union Advocate | align="center" | Ardmore | align="center" | Carter | align="center" | 1908–1909 |- | align="center" | Grant County Socialist | align="center" | Medford | align="center" | Grant | align="center" | 1912–191? |- | align="center" | Hammon Advocate | align="center" | Hammon | align="center" | Roger Mills | align="center" | 1911–1969 |- | align="center" | Indiahoma Union Signal | align="center" | Shawnee | align="center" | Pottawatomie | align="center" | 1905–190? |- | align="center" | Industrial Democrat | align="center" | Oklahoma City | align="center" | Oklahoma | align="center" | Jan.–Nov. 1910 |- | align="center" | Johnston County Socialist | align="center" | Tishomingo | align="center" | Johnston | align="center" | 191?–191? |- | align="center" | Kay County Populist | align="center" | Newkirk | align="center" | Kay | align="center" | 189?–190? |- | align="center" | Kiowa Breeze | align="center" | | align="center" | Kiowa | align="center" | 1901–190? |- | align="center" | Madill Socialist-Herald | align="center" | Madill | align="center" | Marshall | align="center" | 1911–1912 |- | align="center" | Musings of the Old Cuss | align="center" | Sayre | align="center" | Beckham | align="center" | |- | align="center" | New Century | align="center" | Sulphur | align="center" | Murray | align="center" | Jan. 1911–June 1913 |- | align="center" | Newkirk Populist | align="center" | Newkirk | align="center" | Kay | align="center" | 1894–189? |- | align="center" | Oklahoma Leader | align="center" | Oklahoma City | align="center" | Oklahoma | align="center" | May 1918–Feb. 1928 |- | align="center" | Oklahoma Pioneer | align="center" | Oklahoma City | align="center" | Oklahoma | align="center" | Jan. 1910–March 1913 |- | align="center" | Oklahoma Socialist | align="center" | Newkirk | align="center" | Kay | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Otter Valley Socialist | align="center" | Snyder | align="center" | Kiowa | align="center" | Jan. 1915–May 1918 |- | align="center" | Roger Mills Sentinel | align="center" | Cheyenne | align="center" | Roger Mills | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Sayre Citizen | align="center" | Sayre | align="center" | Beckham | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Sayre Social Democrat | align="center" | Sayre | align="center" | Beckham | align="center" | Feb.–May 1912 |- | align="center" | Sentinel Sword of Truth | align="center" | Sentinel | align="center" | Washita | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Sledge Hammer | align="center" | Okemah | align="center" | Okfuskee | align="center" | June 1913–Oct. 1914 |- | align="center" | Social Democrat | align="center" | Oklahoma City | align="center" | Oklahoma | align="center" | Jan. 1913–Jan. 1914 |- | align="center" | Socialist Herald | align="center" | Madill | align="center" | Marshall | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Strong City Herald | align="center" | Strong City | align="center" | Roger Mills | align="center" | 1914–1918 |- | align="center" | Taloga Times | align="center" | Taloga | align="center" | Dewey | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Tenant Farmer | align="center" | Kingfisher | align="center" | Kingfisher | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Union Review | align="center" | Ardmore | align="center" | Carter | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Woodrow's Monthly | align="center" | Hobart | align="center" | Kiowa | align="center" | |- | align="center" | Woods County Constructive Socialist | align="center" | Alva | align="center" | Woods | align="center" | |- |} Sources: Jim Bissett, Agrarian Socialism in America, pp. 242-243; Burbank, When Farmers Voted Red, pp. 210-211. SPO average paid memberships {| class="wikitable" border="3" |- ! Year ! Average Paid Membership ! Exempt Members ! National SPA Membership |- ! align="center" | 1901 | align="center" | | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 4,759 paid (of 7,629) |- ! align="center" | 1902 | align="center" | 75 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 9,949 |- ! align="center" | 1903 | align="center" | | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 15,975 |- ! align="center" | 1904 | align="center" | 145 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 20,763 |- ! align="center" | 1905 | align="center" | 505 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 23,327 |- ! align="center" | 1906 | align="center" | 1,031 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 26,784 |- ! align="center" | 1907 | align="center" | 1,542 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 29,270 |- ! align="center" | 1908 | align="center" | 2,243 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 41,751 |- ! align="center" | 1909 | align="center" | 1,858 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 41,470 |- ! align="center" | 1910 | align="center" | 5,842 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 58,011 |- ! align="center" | 1911 | align="center" | 4,067 | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 84,716 |- ! align="center" | 1912 | align="center" | | align="center" | n/a | align="center" | 118,045 |- ! align="center" | 1913 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 95,957 |- ! align="center" | 1914 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 93,579 |- ! align="center" | 1915 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 79,374 |- ! align="center" | 1916 | align="center" | 9,369 | align="center" | | align="center" | 83,284 |- ! align="center" | 1917 | align="center" | 3,303 | align="center" | | align="center" | 80,379 |- ! align="center" | 1918 | align="center" | 3,840 (first 6 mos.) | align="center" | | align="center" | 82,344 |- ! align="center" | 1919 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 104,822 |- ! align="center" | 1920 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 26,766 |- ! align="center" | 1921 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 13,484 |- ! align="center" | 1922 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 11,019 |- ! align="center" | 1923 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 10,662 |- ! align="center" | 1924 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 10,125 |- ! align="center" | 1925 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 8,558 |- ! align="center" | 1926 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 8,392 |- ! align="center" | 1927 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 7,425 |- ! align="center" | 1928 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 7,793 |- ! align="center" | 1929 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 9,560 |- ! align="center" | 1930 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 9,736 |- ! align="center" | 1931 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 10,389 |- ! align="center" | 1932 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 16,863 |- ! align="center" | 1933 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 18,548 |- ! align="center" | 1934 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 20,951 |- ! align="center" | 1935 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 19,121 |- ! align="center" | 1936 | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | 11,922 |- |} Sources: Carl D. Thompson, "The Rising Tide of Socialism," The Socialist (Columbus, OH), Aug. 12, 1911, pg. 2; St. Louis Labor, Feb. 22, 1902, pg. 5; "Dues Paid Last Year," The Worker, March 22, 1903, pg. 4; Socialist Party Official Bulletin and successors, Executive Secretary state-by-state membership summaries, January issues; 1909 figure from Socialist Party Official Bulletin, April 1910, pg. 4;"Socialist Party Official Membership Series", (1932). Report to 1937 Convention, cited in "Socialist Party of America Annual Membership Figures," Early American Marxism website. "Exempt" members denote those receiving special dispensation from the state office due to unemployment starting 1913. Adoloph Germer, Report of Executive Secretary to the National Executive Committee: Chicago, Illinois — Aug. 8, 1918, pp. 5-6. See also Socialist Party of Missouri Socialist Party of North Dakota Socialist Party of Oregon Socialist Party of Washington Social-Democratic Party of Wisconsin Footnotes Further reading Oscar Ameringer, If You Don't Weaken. New York: Henry Holt, 1940. Jim Bissett, Agrarian Socialism in America: Marx, Jefferson, and Jesus in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1904-1920. (1999). Red River Books Edition. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002. Jim Bissett, "Socialism from the Bottom Up: Local Activists and the Socialist Party of Oklahoma, 1900-1920," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 82, no. 4 (2003), pp. 388–411. Garin Burbank, "Agrarian Radicals and Their Opponents: Political Conflict in Southern Oklahoma, 1910-1924," Journal of American History, vol. 58, no. 1 (June 1971), pp. 5–23. in JSTOR Garin Burbank, "Agrarian Socialism in Saskatchewan and Oklahoma: Short-Run Radicalism, Long-Run Conservatism," Agricultural History, vol. 51, no. 1 (Jan. 1977), pp. 173–180. in JSTOR Garin Burbank, "The Disruption and Decline of the Oklahoma Socialist Party," Journal of American Studies, vol. 7, no. 2 (Aug. 1973), pp. 133–152. in JSTOR Garin Burbank, When Farmers Voted Red: The Gospel of Socialism in the Oklahoma Countryside, 1910-1924. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976. Charles Bush, "The Green Corn Rebellion." Master's thesis. University of Oklahoma, 1932. R.O. Joe Cassity, Jr., "The Political Career of Patrick S. Nagle: 'Champion of the Underdog,'" Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 64 (1986), pp. 48–67. Von Russell Creel, "Socialists in the House: The Oklahoma Experience," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 70 (1992–93), pp. 144–183; 258-301. James H. Fowler II, "Tar and Feather Patriotism: The Suppression of Dissent in Oklahoma During World War One," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 56 (1978–79), pp. 409–430. Danney Goble, Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980. Lawrence Goodwyn, "The Cooperative Commonwealth and Other Abstractions: In Search of a Democratic Premise," Marxist Perspectives, vol. 3 (1980), pp. 8–42. Lawrence Goodwyn, Democratic Promise: The Populist Movement in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. Donald Graham, "Red, White and Black: An Interpretation of Ethnic and Racial Attitudes of Agrarian Radicals in Texas and Oklahoma, 1880-1920." Master's thesis. University of Saskatchewan, 1983. James R. Green, Grass Roots Socialism: Radical Movements in the Southwest, 1895-1943. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1978. Roger Horne, "The Christian Socialism of Thomas W. Woodrow," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 66 (1988), pp. 240–267. Howard L. Meredith, "Agrarian Socialism and the Negro in Oklahoma, 1900-1918," Labor History, vol. 11, no. 3 (Summer 1970), pp. 277–284. Howard L. Meredith, A History of the Socialist Party in Oklahoma. PhD dissertation. University of Oklahoma, 1970. Worth Robert Miller, Oklahoma Populism: A History of the People's Party in the Oklahoma Territory. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1987. Donald Kenneth Pickens, "The Principles and Programs of Oklahoma Socialism, 1900-1918." Master's thesis. University of Oklahoma, 1957. Virginia Pope, "The Green Corn Rebellion: A Case Study in Newspaper Self-Censorship." Master's thesis. Oklahoma A&M University, 1940. W.E. Reynolds, "Capturing Political Power in Oklahoma," International Socialist Review, vol. 17, no. 7 (January 1917), pp. 416–417. Ellen I. Rosen, Peasant Socialism in America? The Socialist Party in Oklahoma Before the First World War. PhD dissertation. City University of New York, 1975. Nick Salvatore, "Americans as Radicals," Radical History Review, no. 24 (Fall 1980), pp. 142–152. Nigel Anthony Sellars, Oil, Wheat, and Wobblies: The Industrial Workers of the World in Oklahoma, 1905-1930. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. David A. Shannon, The Socialist Party of America: A History. New York: Macmillan, 1955. John Thompson, Closing the Frontier: Radical Responses in Oklahoma, 1889-1923. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986. James Weinstein, The Decline of Socialism in America, 1912-1925. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967. J.O. Welday, "The Socialist Party in Oklahoma," Oklahoma Graphic [Oklahoma City], v. 1, no. 2 (Feb. 1915), pp. 11–12. Terry Paul Wilson, "The Demise of Populism in Oklahoma Territory," Chronicles of Oklahoma, vol. 43, no. 3 (Fall 1965), pp. 265–274. External links Jim Bissett, "Socialist Party," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, www.okhistory.org/ 2009. Political parties in Oklahoma Oklahoma Oklahoma Oklahoma 1901 establishments in Oklahoma Territory

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17166354

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Decided%20%28song%29

I Decided (song)

"I Decided" is a song by American recording artist Solange Knowles. It was written and composed by Knowles and producer Pharrell Williams for her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008). The song samples hand-claps of the 1964 recording "Where Did Our Love Go", as performed by The Supremes, and is also based on the melody of "(Love Is Like a) Heat Wave" (1963) by Martha and the Vandellas. It was released as the album's lead single as a digital download to both iTunes and Amazon on April 22, 2008 (see 2008 in music), and was impacted to rhythmic/crossover radio stations on June 24, 2008. A remix version of the song, entitled "I Decided (Part 2)", produced by British band Freemasons was released as the first single in Europe, where the song entered the top 30 of the UK Singles Chart. The track reached the number-one spot on the US Billboard Hot Singles Sales, Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales, Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot Dance Club Play charts. Music video The video was shot in April 2008 and directed by Melina Matsoukas and Solange as it shows pop culture imagery from the 1960s, shows the 1970s, then 1980s to the future. It displays Solange in settings from American Bandstand, to the Civil Rights Movement, to Soul Train, to MTV, and finally a "Cosmic Journey" future. It is set in a pop art form. As of January 15, 2018, on YouTube the original version has been watched more than 4,190,000 times. The shortened video for "I Decided, Pt. 2" has been watched more than 423,000 times. The video debuted at #4 on MTV's TRL. On BET J it appeared at #17 on the year-end Last Call 2008! Top 50 Countdown. Chart performance The song debuted on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 44 in the Billboard issue dated July 5, 2008. The song also debuted at number one on the Hot Dance Singles Sales and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales charts and debuted at number two on the Hot Singles Sales chart. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 6 on R&B Singles Chart on August 17, 2008. In its second and third weeks the song fell to numbers 7, and 9. In its fourth and fifth weeks the song fell to number 12 and number 14. In its sixth week the song fell to number 18 and became a non-mover until falling in its eighth week to number 22. In its ninth week the song dropped to number 32. The song spent a total of 10 weeks on the UK R&B Singles Chart before leaving the chart on October 19, 2008 charting finally at number 36. The song debuted at 27 on the UK Singles Chart. The song spent a total of four weeks on the UK Singles Chart, charting at numbers 32, 58 and 95 in its second, third, and fourth weeks. The song sold 20,000 in UK. Track listing and formats Digital Download "I Decided" - 4:16 Pt. 1 Instrumental Version "I Decided, Pt. 1" (Instrumental) - 4:17 Pt. 2 Instrumental Version "I Decided, Pt. 2" ((Freemasons Remix) [Instrumental]) - 4:02 Remixes - EP "I Decided" (Freemasons Radio) - 3:48 "I Decided" (Moto Blanco Edit) - 3:39 "I Decided" (Mr. Mig Radio) - 4:44 "I Decided" (Azza Extended) - 4:55 King Britt FiveSix Mix Single "I Decided" (King Britt FiveSix Mix) - 7:01 Charts Release history References External links SolangeMusic.com — official site 2008 singles Solange Knowles songs Song recordings produced by the Neptunes Music videos directed by Melina Matsoukas Songs written by Pharrell Williams Songs written by Solange Knowles 2008 songs Geffen Records singles

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17166370

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaak%20van%20Wijck

Jaak van Wijck

Jacobus Johannes Wilhelmus (Jaak) van Wijck (September 11, 1870 in Ginneken, Netherlands – June 3, 1946 in Antwerp, Belgium) was a Dutch landscape painter of locations on the Kalmthoutse Heide (De Kempen) close to Antwerp, and also at Ginneken, a village close to Breda, where he painted the river De Mark along with other landmarks. As a student of the "Stedelijk Tekeninstituut", located in the city Breda, he received several awards. More later, on the "Koninklijke Academie voor Schoone Kunsten" in Antwerp and the "Hooger Gesticht" there, he was notable again by winning prizes, e.g. in 1895, when he was awarded with two particular medals "on behalf of Léopold II Roi des Belges". In 1903, shortly after his studies in Breda, he showed his work at the famous "Salon Triennal des Beaux-Arts" in Brussels. He also displayed his art in several salons in Antwerp. In addition to his work as an independent artist, Van Wijck manufactured glass in lead with his partner Jozef Gussenhoven, in the Vinkenstraat in Antwerp often in Jugendstil/Art Deco. Art direction Van Wijck is known for his work as a landscape painter, outside painter (pleinairisme), Flemish and Jugendstil. He was a member of the large Antwerp artist association "De Scalden", later on also of "WIJ" and "Eigen Vorming". He became a very active board member of the - now "Royal" - "Vereeniging voor Natuur- en Stedenschoon" in which his wife Reine van Wijck-Schoeters also played a prominent role as chairperson of the ladies' committee. He made portraits and drawings during his time at the Academy in Antwerp. He also experimented with waterpainting and postermaking. Painted locations In Flanders: "De Kalmthoutse Heide" (among other things the Putse Moer, Peerdsbosch, Brasschaat), a pond of earl Vilain XIV (at Kruibeke), Turnhout, De Laarsche beek, De Liereman, Schelle, Schilde, Meerseldreef, Massenhoven (Viersel) Lammerenberg and the river De Schelde, and in Antwerp and its immediate surroundings. In the Netherlands (North Brabant): Ginneken (Breda), the river De Mark, Bouvigne castle, Ulvenhout and Woensel (Eindhoven). Most of these locations are situated near Ginneken (Breda), the place where he was born, and in De Kempen (Flanders and North Brabant) close to Antwerp, where he spent the largest part of his life. He painted there during several seasons and focused on the nature setting including woods, heathland landscapes, farms, moors, orchards, mills, riversights, birds, flowers and interieurs. Museums Some important works of Jaak van Wijck are exhibited in museums in Belgium and The Netherlands including the "het Archief en Museum voor Vlaamse Cultuur (AMCV)" in Antwerp (Belgium), the "Breda's Museum" in Breda (the Netherlands) and in Museum Kempenland, Eindhoven (The Netherlands). Most of his work is privately owned by individuals living in Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany and the United States. Some of his works were sold in auction by Christie's and Campo&Campo in Antwerp. His family has established, with collaboration of some experts, a catalogue of approx. 235 paintings of Jaak van Wijck as well as a description of his life, history and personality. Based on this catalogue, an Internet site has been composed containing a limited selection of his works of art. The family is actively in search of more works from Jaak van Wijck. Literature "the Belgian artists from the 19th and 20th centuries", Piron, Paul; Bruxelles 1999. External links Internet site Van Wijck family with catalogue works 1870 births 1946 deaths Van Wijck, Jaak Dutch painters Dutch male painters Artists from Breda Art Nouveau painters Dutch expatriates in Belgium

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17166380

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91u%20Guas%C3%BA%20Park

Ñu Guasú Park

The Ñu Guasú Park (Spanish: Parque Ñu Guasú) is an urban park located in Luque, in the Greater Asuncion area, in Paraguay, near the Silvio Pettirossi International Airport. It was turned into a recreational park covering 25 hectares. It is maintained through the Communications and Public Constructions Ministry of Paraguay, through the Public Constructions Direction, dependent of the Vice-Ministry. Ñu Guasú Park has a 5-kilometer walking/jogging path and a 1.2 kilometer bicycle path. It also has soccer, volleyball, basketball, and tennis facilities. There is no fee charged to enter the park. History 2000s In November 2001, the Ejército del Pueblo Paraguayo kidnapped María Edith Bordón de Debernardi at the park. In March 2003, former model Mariángela Martinez Houstin was kidnapped at the Park. In March 2005, a worker of Paraguay's Embassy in Buenos Aires was robbed at the parking lot site of the Park. In September 2008, a fire destroyed a small part of the grass at the Parque Ñu Guazú. In October 2008, the Gran Corrida Americana run was disputed at the Parque Ñu Guazú to help Paraguay's Chaco. In November 2008, the first WWF volunteer tree planting day was held at the park. In 2009, the Bosque de la Memoria was launched. 2020s On 5 April 2021, the Parque Ñu Guazú re-opened its doors following the COVID-19 pandemic. References Parks in Paraguay Central Department Cross country running venues Luque

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17166384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewickley%20High%20School

Sewickley High School

Sewickley High School is an historic American public school building that is located in Sewickley, Pennsylvania. History and architectural features This public school's roots can be traced back to 1834, when it was located in an old log church. In 1894, a new building for the school was built, and was named as the Richardson Romanesque Sewickley Public School, often affectionately called the "yellow brick" school. It served as Sewickley High School's location until 1926, when the school was moved to a new location on Harbaugh street and renamed as Sewickley High School. The old "yellow brick" building became Sewickley Elementary School, until it was razed in 1975. Sewickley High School became a popular rival of Leetsdale High School. The school closed in 1956 when the Quaker Valley School District was formed, and the building was converted to a junior high school, known as Quaker Valley Junior High. It was then changed to Quaker Valley Middle School in 1997. Since its closing, the building has undergone significant remodeling and has had two major additions. The "Sewickley High School" name still remains on the front entrance of the school. Schools in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Defunct schools in Pennsylvania 1834 establishments in Pennsylvania

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17166424

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciril%20Kotnik

Ciril Kotnik

Ciril Kotnik (20 December 1895 – 29 June 1948) was a Yugoslav diplomat of Slovene ethnicity. He was born in Ljubljana, then part the Austro-Hungarian Empire, to Carinthian Slovene parents. He attended the Ljubljana Classical Gymnasium, where he became a member of the radical student association Preporod ("Rebirth"), which advocated the dissolution of Austria-Hungary and the creation of a common state for all South Slavic peoples. At the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, Kotnik volunteered in the Serbian army. After the war, he was awarded the Karadjordje's star, one of the highest military awards in the Kingdom of Serbia. After the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918, Kotnik was included in the diplomatic service of the new state. He was sent to Rome, where he worked at the Yugoslav embassy to the Kingdom of Italy. He lived and worked in Rome for more than two decades and married a local woman, Maria Tommassetti. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Yugoslav embassy was closed down and its personnel dismissed. Kotnik was put into house arrest in his home in Rome. At the end of 1941, the Royal Yugoslav Government-in-Exile decided to include Kotnik in the Yugoslav diplomatic delegation to the Holy See. He maintained close contacts with the Yugoslav government in London, the monarchist resistance movement of general Draža Mihajlović, but was hostile to the Communist-led Yugoslav partisans of Josip Broz Tito. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, Kotnik took advantage of his position of ambassador to the Holy See in order to help many anti-fascists and Jews to escape Nazi German persecution. During this time, he established contacts with the political activist Janko Kralj, and Slovene emigrant from Gorizia, who also helped many anti-Nazis and Jews to escape persecution. On October 28, 1943, the Nazis arrested Kotnik and jailed him in the prison on Via Tasso. He was submitted to heavy torture, but did not reveal his sources. After the war, he collaborated with the Slovene political emigrants Miha Krek and Ivan Ahčin in helping Slovene refugees fleeing from Socialist Yugoslavia. Kotnik died in 1948 because of the lesions suffered under torture. In 2007, members of the Jewish community of Rome proposed to erect a monument in his memory. Ciril Kotnik was the cousin of the Slovene philologian and literary historian Franc Kotnik and of the linguist Janko Kotnik. His half-brother is the missionary Jaroslav Kotnik from Trieste. He had three daughters, including the Italian Canadian journalist Dara Kotnik Mancini and Ivanka Kotnik, mother of the Italian politician Walter Veltroni, former Mayor of Rome and former president of the Democratic Party. Sources Ivo Jevnikar: Il nonno sloveno di Walter Veltroni Walter Veltroni, La bella politica (Milano: Rizzoli, 1996). 1895 births 1948 deaths Diplomats from Ljubljana Slovenian Roman Catholics People of Carinthian Slovene descent Diplomats from Rome Torture victims

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17166425

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus%20Historic%20Riverfront%20Industrial%20District

Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District

The Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District encompasses one of the most significant assemblages of 19th-century waterpowered mill technology in the American South. A National Historic Landmark District, it includes five historic industrial complexes with elements surviving as far back as the 1830s, located in four separate areas along the eastern bank of the Chattahoochee River in Columbus, Georgia. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1978. History The city of Columbus is located at the fall line of the Chattahoochee River, a place where the river drops in a stretch of . This location was recognized early in the American Industrial Revolution as a prime location for waterpowered factories, and the river was first dammed in 1828 (by a predecessor to the now-breached City Mills Dam), beginning what became one of the South's largest 19th-century industrial complexes. Embedded in five major industrial sites are the remains of industrial components used in the transfer of water power, and for the early generation and transfer of electrical power. Included in these are the Eagle and Phenix Mills, once the South's largest textile operation. Columbus was a powerhouse of manufacturing for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Bibb Mill The main building of the Bibb Mill complex is a long five-story brick building, set on a bluff overlooking the river. Although it is an early 20th-century building, one of the smaller buildings in the complex includes remnants of a pulley and rope drive system. This system was used until 1954, when its main drive shaft broke. City Mills The City Mills complex was built as a grist mill. The oldest building dates to 1869, and was built by Horace King, a well-known regional African-American contractor. The original 1828 dam was replaced in 1908, and the main building was adapted for electrical power generation and distribution. It houses power generators installed in 1919, some of which operated into the 1960s. Muscogee Mills The Muscogee Mills include the broadest diversity of architecture of the surviving complexes, including both ornate 19th-century industrial architecture, and utilitarian 20th-century buildings, as well as the city's original Carnegie library. Traces of the original 1844 millrace are also still evident. Eagle and Phenix Mills The Eagle and Phenix Mills complex consists of three main mills, oriented perpendicular to the river, all which have origins in 19th-century construction, but have generally been altered or extended. This mill's original raceway and dam (now breached) also survive to some degree. Columbus Ironworks This complex's oldest buildings date to the early 20th century, its older buildings destroyed by fire in 1902. The complex includes several generations of early electrical equipment, including a DC generator and three AC generators. A portion of the property has been converted into a convention and event center. See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Georgia (U.S. state) National Register of Historic Places listings in Muscogee County, Georgia Endnotes External links Historic Columbus web site National Historic Landmarks in Georgia (U.S. state) Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Georgia (U.S. state) Historic districts in Columbus, Georgia National Register of Historic Places in Muscogee County, Georgia

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