tororoin/wiki20_tokenized · Datasets at Hugging Face

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17168224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20government%20ministers%20in%20Northern%20Ireland	List of government ministers in Northern Ireland	This Wikipedia page is a list of government ministers in Northern Ireland. Government ministers First Minister and deputy First Minister Junior Ministers Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Minister of Education Minister for Communities Minister for the Economy Minister of Finance Minister of Health Minister for Infrastructure Minister for Justice See also Northern Ireland Executive References Northern Ireland Executive Northern Ireland Executive Ministers	[ 1212, 15312, 2443, 318, 257, 1351, 286, 1230, 14138, 287, 8342, 7517, 13, 198, 198, 28848, 14138, 220, 198, 3274, 4139, 290, 10636, 3274, 4139, 198, 22396, 1504, 36647, 198, 9452, 1694, 286, 19717, 11, 9344, 290, 36486, 10665, 198, 9452, 1694, 286, 7868, 198, 9452, 1694, 329, 35530, 198, 9452, 1694, 329, 262, 18493, 198, 9452, 1694, 286, 15007, 198, 9452, 1694, 286, 3893, 198, 4139, 329, 33709, 198, 9452, 1694, 329, 4796, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 8342, 7517, 10390, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 40495, 7517, 10390, 198, 198, 40495, 7517, 10390, 198, 9452, 6223 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168243	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Municipality%2C%20Tamaulipas	Victoria Municipality, Tamaulipas	Victoria Municipality is a municipality located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Its municipal seat is Ciudad Victoria. Municipal presidents References External links Gobierno Municipal de Victoria Official website Municipalities of Tamaulipas	[ 49898, 27338, 1483, 318, 257, 27264, 5140, 287, 262, 10816, 1181, 286, 309, 1689, 377, 541, 292, 13, 6363, 13474, 5852, 318, 37685, 463, 324, 12313, 13, 198, 198, 44, 9462, 282, 19033, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 38, 672, 959, 3919, 31526, 390, 12313, 15934, 3052, 198, 198, 44, 9462, 27969, 286, 309, 1689, 377, 541, 292 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie%20Bennett	Frankie Bennett	Frank Bennett (born 3 January 1969) is an English former professional football forward. Bennett played for Halesowen Town before joining Southampton in February 1993 for an initial fee of £10,000. He played 19 times, mainly as a substitute, and scored once against Chelsea, before joining Shrewsbury Town on loan in October 1996 and moved to Bristol Rovers the following month for a fee of £3,000. He joined Exeter City on non-contract terms in February 2000, but left to join Forest Green Rovers the following month. He was a part of the Forest Green side that reached the 2001 FA Trophy final after he scored in a 4-1 semi final win over Hereford United at Edgar Street. He moved to Aberystwyth Town and then followed manager Frank Gregan to Weston-super-Mare. He joined Bath City in June 2002. He struggled with injury and turned down a reduced deal in May 2004, joining Brislington in August 2004. Bennett has a wife named Michelle, a son, Joshua, and a daughter, Shanee. References External links Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) 1969 births Living people English men's footballers Men's association football forwards Premier League players Halesowen Town F.C. players Southampton F.C. players Shrewsbury Town F.C. players Bristol Rovers F.C. players Exeter City F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Aberystwyth Town F.C. players Weston-super-Mare A.F.C. players Bath City F.C. players Brislington F.C. players Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands	[ 17439, 17468, 357, 6286, 513, 3269, 16450, 8, 318, 281, 3594, 1966, 4708, 4346, 2651, 13, 198, 198, 33, 48151, 2826, 329, 367, 2040, 322, 268, 8329, 878, 9679, 30035, 287, 3945, 9656, 329, 281, 4238, 6838, 286, 4248, 940, 11, 830, 13, 679, 2826, 678, 1661, 11, 8384, 355, 257, 15373, 11, 290, 7781, 1752, 1028, 12147, 11, 878, 9679, 911, 1809, 82, 10711, 8329, 319, 8063, 287, 3267, 8235, 290, 3888, 284, 25040, 5564, 690, 262, 1708, 1227, 329, 257, 6838, 286, 4248, 18, 11, 830, 13, 198, 198, 1544, 5399, 1475, 2357, 2254, 319, 1729, 12, 28484, 2846, 287, 3945, 4751, 11, 475, 1364, 284, 4654, 9115, 3469, 5564, 690, 262, 1708, 1227, 13, 679, 373, 257, 636, 286, 262, 9115, 3469, 1735, 326, 4251, 262, 5878, 9677, 25640, 2457, 706, 339, 7781, 287, 257, 604, 12, 16, 10663, 2457, 1592, 625, 3423, 3841, 1578, 379, 29166, 3530, 13, 198, 198, 1544, 3888, 284, 317, 13001, 301, 86, 5272, 8329, 290, 788, 3940, 4706, 5278, 11955, 1030, 284, 46949, 12, 16668, 12, 44, 533, 13, 679, 5399, 24967, 2254, 287, 2795, 6244, 13, 679, 11615, 351, 5095, 290, 2900, 866, 257, 5322, 1730, 287, 1737, 5472, 11, 9679, 25537, 17299, 287, 2932, 5472, 13, 198, 198, 33, 48151, 468, 257, 3656, 3706, 16738, 11, 257, 3367, 11, 20700, 11, 290, 257, 4957, 11, 14866, 1453, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 6385, 49584, 986, 383, 11140, 540, 47435, 290, 9957, 4041, 7853, 24047, 357, 7266, 33584, 2672, 8, 198, 198, 38391, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 15823, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 22052, 198, 24914, 959, 4041, 1938, 198, 39, 2040, 322, 268, 8329, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 14942, 23427, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 2484, 1809, 82, 10711, 8329, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 33, 1585, 349, 5564, 690, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 3109, 2357, 2254, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 34605, 3469, 5564, 690, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 32, 13001, 301, 86, 5272, 8329, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 15045, 261, 12, 16668, 12, 44, 533, 317, 13, 37, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 33, 776, 2254, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 33, 2442, 17299, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 18899, 11, 2688, 47989 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagr%C3%A1n%2C%20Tamaulipas	Villagrán, Tamaulipas	Villagrán Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. External links Gobierno Municipal de Villagrán Official website Municipalities of Tamaulipas	[ 42074, 363, 81, 21162, 27338, 1483, 318, 257, 27264, 287, 262, 10816, 1181, 286, 309, 1689, 377, 541, 292, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 38, 672, 959, 3919, 31526, 390, 9757, 363, 81, 21162, 15934, 3052, 198, 198, 44, 9462, 27969, 286, 309, 1689, 377, 541, 292 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168268	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr%20Polovkov	Oleksandr Polovkov	Oleksandr Polovkov (; born 4 October 1979, Sverdlovsk, Voroshylovhrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who played for different clubs in the Ukrainian Premier League. He last played for FC Shakhtar Sverdlovsk prior to the suspension of club activities due to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. On 8 August 2015 he played for LNR football team. References External links Official Website Profile Official FFU Website Profile 1979 births Living people People from Sverdlovsk Ukrainian men's footballers PFC Shakhtar Sverdlovsk players FC Stal Alchevsk players FC Stal-2 Alchevsk players FC Zorya Luhansk players Navbahor Namangan players Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan Men's association football defenders Footballers from Luhansk Oblast	[ 46, 293, 591, 46273, 2165, 709, 21862, 357, 26, 4642, 604, 3267, 13521, 11, 311, 332, 25404, 709, 8135, 11, 44143, 3768, 2645, 709, 71, 6335, 1835, 12957, 11, 13053, 6723, 49, 11, 7570, 4479, 8, 318, 257, 4708, 13053, 4346, 13191, 508, 2826, 329, 1180, 9784, 287, 262, 13053, 9952, 4041, 13, 679, 938, 2826, 329, 10029, 35274, 38672, 311, 332, 25404, 709, 8135, 3161, 284, 262, 11461, 286, 3430, 4568, 2233, 284, 262, 41329, 286, 21590, 416, 262, 3394, 11937, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 807, 2932, 1853, 339, 2826, 329, 406, 24723, 4346, 1074, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 15934, 15887, 13118, 198, 15934, 18402, 52, 15887, 13118, 198, 198, 33581, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 8061, 422, 311, 332, 25404, 709, 8135, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 47, 4851, 35274, 38672, 311, 332, 25404, 709, 8135, 1938, 198, 4851, 520, 282, 978, 49916, 8135, 1938, 198, 4851, 520, 282, 12, 17, 978, 49916, 8135, 1938, 198, 4851, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 1938, 198, 30575, 47041, 273, 17871, 37089, 1938, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1033, 26646, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 42619, 4103, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 16355, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 6026, 71, 34738, 1835, 12957 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168284	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Ouaadi	Mohamed Ouaadi	Mohamed Ouaadi (born 1 January 1969 in Tiznit, Morocco) is a retired French long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. Achievements Personal bests 5000 metres - 13:44.8 minutes (1998) 10,000 metres - 28:33.59 minutes (2002) Half marathon - 1:02:29 hours (1998) Marathon - 2:07:55 hours (1999) External links 1969 births Living people French male long-distance runners French male marathon runners Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for France French people of Shilha descent Paris Marathon male winners People from Tiznit	[ 38443, 2434, 440, 6413, 9189, 357, 6286, 352, 3269, 16450, 287, 309, 528, 48825, 11, 29638, 8, 318, 257, 9880, 4141, 890, 12, 30246, 17490, 508, 16976, 287, 262, 22336, 13, 198, 198, 32, 24957, 902, 198, 198, 30228, 1266, 82, 198, 27641, 18985, 532, 1511, 25, 2598, 13, 23, 2431, 357, 21113, 8, 198, 940, 11, 830, 18985, 532, 2579, 25, 2091, 13, 3270, 220, 2431, 357, 16942, 8, 198, 31305, 22336, 532, 352, 25, 2999, 25, 1959, 2250, 357, 21113, 8, 198, 7676, 12938, 532, 362, 25, 2998, 25, 2816, 2250, 357, 18946, 8, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 38391, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 24111, 4257, 890, 12, 30246, 19323, 198, 24111, 4257, 22336, 19323, 198, 32, 400, 40676, 357, 11659, 290, 2214, 8, 379, 262, 4751, 10216, 14935, 198, 46, 6760, 291, 10856, 329, 4881, 198, 24111, 661, 286, 911, 346, 3099, 18598, 198, 40313, 24828, 4257, 14591, 198, 8061, 422, 309, 528, 48825 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168286	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Stinson	Albert Stinson	Albert Stinson (August 2, 1944 in Cleveland, Ohio – June 2, 1969) was an American jazz double-bassist. Stinson learned to play piano, trombone, and tuba before settling on bass at age 14. After his graduation from John Muir High School in Pasadena, California in 1962, he began playing professionally in the early 1960s in Los Angeles, working with Terry Gibbs, Frank Rosolino, Chico Hamilton, and Charles Lloyd (1965). Later in the decade he worked with Larry Coryell, John Handy (1967), Miles Davis, Bobby Hutcherson (1967), and Gerald Wilson's Los Angeles-based big band. His ebullient personality, bright tone, and aggressive attack all contributed to his being nicknamed "Sparky". Stinson died on tour of a drug overdose in 1969 at the age of 24. He never recorded as a leader but appears on Hamilton's Impulse! albums, Hutcherson's Blue Note album Oblique, and Handy's Koch Records album New View! He also appears on Clare Fischer's album Surging Ahead. Discography With Larry Coryell Coryell (Vanguard, 1969) With Clare Fischer Surging Ahead (Pacific Jazz, 1963) With Chico Hamilton Drumfusion (Columbia, 1962) Passin' Thru (Impulse!, 1962) A Different Journey (Reprise, 1963) Man from Two Worlds (Impulse!, 1963) Chic Chic Chico (Impulse!, 1965) El Chico (Impulse!, 1965) With John Handy New View (Columbia, 1967) With Bobby Hutcherson Oblique (Blue Note, 1967) With Charles Lloyd Of Course, of Course (Columbia, 1965) Nirvana (Columbia, 1965) With Joe Pass Catch Me! (Pacific Jazz, 1963) References [ Albert Stinson] at Allmusic 1944 births 1969 deaths American jazz double-bassists Male double-bassists Musicians from Cleveland Drug-related deaths in the United States 20th-century American musicians Musicians from Pasadena, California Jazz musicians from California Jazz musicians from Ohio 20th-century double-bassists 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians	[ 42590, 520, 7899, 357, 17908, 362, 11, 16994, 287, 10306, 11, 6835, 784, 2795, 362, 11, 16450, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 21274, 4274, 12, 42933, 396, 13, 198, 198, 1273, 7899, 4499, 284, 711, 19132, 11, 256, 398, 15992, 11, 290, 12202, 64, 878, 25446, 319, 12702, 379, 2479, 1478, 13, 2293, 465, 21571, 422, 1757, 8252, 343, 3334, 3961, 287, 41010, 11, 3442, 287, 20033, 11, 339, 2540, 2712, 28049, 287, 262, 1903, 9507, 82, 287, 5401, 5652, 11, 1762, 351, 14286, 41071, 11, 5278, 10018, 349, 2879, 11, 609, 3713, 11582, 11, 290, 7516, 22361, 357, 45271, 737, 11450, 287, 262, 5707, 339, 3111, 351, 13633, 28785, 695, 11, 1757, 7157, 88, 357, 42830, 828, 20404, 7802, 11, 17155, 32767, 2044, 1559, 357, 42830, 828, 290, 27027, 8127, 338, 5401, 5652, 12, 3106, 1263, 4097, 13, 2399, 304, 16308, 1153, 8806, 11, 6016, 8216, 11, 290, 8361, 1368, 477, 8639, 284, 465, 852, 35786, 366, 4561, 668, 88, 1911, 198, 198, 1273, 7899, 3724, 319, 4205, 286, 257, 2563, 27357, 287, 16450, 379, 262, 2479, 286, 1987, 13, 679, 1239, 6264, 355, 257, 3554, 475, 3568, 319, 11582, 338, 9855, 9615, 0, 16788, 11, 32767, 2044, 1559, 338, 4518, 5740, 5062, 1835, 41522, 11, 290, 7157, 88, 338, 17009, 13407, 5062, 968, 3582, 0, 679, 635, 3568, 319, 22736, 30901, 338, 5062, 4198, 2667, 40344, 13, 198, 198, 15642, 4867, 198, 3152, 13633, 28785, 695, 198, 28785, 695, 357, 53, 23521, 11, 16450, 8, 198, 198, 3152, 22736, 30901, 198, 4198, 2667, 40344, 357, 22933, 21406, 11, 19342, 8, 198, 198, 3152, 609, 3713, 11582, 198, 25331, 69, 4241, 357, 36063, 544, 11, 20033, 8, 198, 6251, 259, 6, 536, 622, 357, 26950, 9615, 28265, 20033, 8, 198, 317, 20615, 15120, 357, 6207, 17163, 11, 19342, 8, 198, 1869, 422, 4930, 19946, 357, 26950, 9615, 28265, 19342, 8, 198, 48854, 48854, 609, 3713, 357, 26950, 9615, 28265, 17672, 8, 198, 2574, 609, 3713, 357, 26950, 9615, 28265, 17672, 8, 198, 198, 3152, 1757, 7157, 88, 198, 968, 3582, 357, 36063, 544, 11, 15904, 8, 198, 198, 3152, 17155, 32767, 2044, 1559, 198, 1835, 41522, 357, 14573, 5740, 11, 15904, 8, 198, 198, 3152, 7516, 22361, 198, 3226, 20537, 11, 286, 20537, 357, 36063, 544, 11, 17672, 8, 198, 49923, 357, 36063, 544, 11, 17672, 8, 198, 198, 3152, 5689, 6251, 198, 25750, 2185, 0, 357, 22933, 21406, 11, 19342, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 58, 9966, 520, 7899, 60, 379, 1439, 28965, 198, 198, 1129, 2598, 27244, 198, 38391, 7040, 198, 7437, 21274, 4274, 12, 42933, 1023, 198, 25486, 4274, 12, 42933, 1023, 198, 10694, 5106, 422, 10306, 198, 37943, 12, 5363, 7040, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 1605, 17245, 198, 10694, 5106, 422, 41010, 11, 3442, 198, 41, 8101, 17245, 422, 3442, 198, 41, 8101, 17245, 422, 6835, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 4274, 12, 42933, 1023, 198, 1238, 400, 12, 14792, 1605, 4257, 17245, 198, 7437, 4257, 21274, 17245 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168287	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C%20Tamaulipas	Xicoténcatl, Tamaulipas	Xicoténcatl Municipality is a municipality located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. On March 15, 1751, it was founded as Escandon. On October 27, 1828, it was renamed Xicoténcatl. References External links Gobierno Municipal de Xicoténcatl Official website Municipalities of Tamaulipas Populated places established in 1751 1751 establishments in New Spain	[ 55, 291, 313, 35942, 9246, 75, 27338, 1483, 318, 257, 27264, 5140, 287, 262, 10816, 1181, 286, 309, 1689, 377, 541, 292, 13, 1550, 2805, 1315, 11, 1596, 4349, 11, 340, 373, 9393, 355, 16319, 5063, 13, 220, 1550, 3267, 2681, 11, 1248, 2078, 11, 340, 373, 25121, 1395, 291, 313, 35942, 9246, 75, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 38, 672, 959, 3919, 31526, 390, 1395, 291, 313, 35942, 9246, 75, 15934, 3052, 198, 198, 44, 9462, 27969, 286, 309, 1689, 377, 541, 292, 198, 16979, 4817, 4113, 4920, 287, 1596, 4349, 198, 1558, 4349, 33228, 287, 968, 8602 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168322	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troon%20railway%20station%20%28disambiguation%29	Troon railway station (disambiguation)	Troon railway station may refer to: Scotland Troon railway station (current) Troon (Harbour) railway station (closed) Troon railway station (1839-1892) (closed) Troon Goods railway station (closed) in Troon, South Ayrshire Belgium Trône/Troon metro station in Brussels See also Barassie railway station - serves Barassie, slightly north of Troon, Scotland Troon (disambiguation)	[ 44095, 261, 20515, 4429, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 198, 198, 47230, 198, 8498, 261, 20515, 4429, 357, 14421, 8, 198, 8498, 261, 357, 13587, 6084, 8, 20515, 4429, 357, 20225, 8, 198, 8498, 261, 20515, 4429, 357, 1507, 2670, 12, 1507, 5892, 8, 357, 20225, 8, 198, 8498, 261, 38360, 20515, 4429, 357, 20225, 8, 287, 8498, 261, 11, 2520, 317, 2417, 10932, 198, 198, 12193, 70, 1505, 198, 833, 27083, 710, 14, 44095, 261, 24536, 4429, 287, 16445, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 2409, 562, 494, 20515, 4429, 532, 9179, 2409, 562, 494, 11, 4622, 5093, 286, 8498, 261, 11, 8838, 198, 8498, 261, 357, 6381, 4131, 328, 2288, 8 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168362	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem%20Savin	Artem Savin	Artem Savin (; born 20 January 1981) is a Ukrainian former professional football defender. He was acquired from Zorya Luhansk in during the 2008–09 transfer season. External links Official Website Profile 1981 births Living people Ukrainian men's footballers Footballers from Luhansk FC Shakhtar Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-3 Donetsk players FC Metalurh Donetsk players FC Metalurh-2 Donetsk players FC Mariupol players FC Illichivets-2 Mariupol players FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih players FC Oleksandriya players FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Olimpik Donetsk players Ukrainian Premier League players Men's association football defenders Ukrainian football managers FSC Mariupol managers	[ 8001, 368, 8858, 259, 357, 26, 4642, 1160, 3269, 14745, 8, 318, 257, 13053, 1966, 4708, 4346, 13191, 13, 198, 198, 1544, 373, 9477, 422, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 287, 1141, 262, 3648, 1906, 2931, 4351, 1622, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 628, 15934, 15887, 13118, 198, 198, 35411, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 6026, 71, 34738, 198, 4851, 35274, 38672, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 35274, 38672, 12, 17, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 35274, 38672, 12, 18, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 12136, 333, 71, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 12136, 333, 71, 12, 17, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 29423, 929, 349, 1938, 198, 4851, 5821, 488, 425, 912, 12, 17, 29423, 929, 349, 1938, 198, 4851, 41662, 85, 12093, 41662, 7670, 72, 44502, 1938, 198, 4851, 30093, 591, 392, 380, 3972, 1938, 198, 4851, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 1938, 198, 4851, 440, 2475, 79, 1134, 31819, 1938, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 9952, 4041, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 16355, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 4346, 11663, 198, 37, 6173, 29423, 929, 349, 11663 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168374	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight%20%282008%20film%29	Sight (2008 film)	Sight is a 2008 horror film written and directed by Adam Ahlbrandt. Plot Jeffrey leads a quiet existence. Living in constant fear of being labeled a psychopath, Jeffrey constructs a complex world of denial. He is haunted by the spirits of the vengeful dead, which he can see while no one else can. After meeting Dana, a beautiful young woman who shares his "sight", Jeffery finds comfort in knowing someone shares his affliction. However, his comfort is short lived as Dana suddenly goes missing and Jeffrey is left alone to find the answers. Cast Reception Bloody Disgusting gave Sight a 1½ out of 5, the website's primary criticisms of the film being the muddled plot, and the sound quality. A ½ was awarded by Steve Barton of Dread Central, who succinctly stated, "The only constructive thing I can say about this dark, dreary, time-consuming, black hole of a film is that it was less than an hour and a half long and had some okay sound design". DVD Talk's Justin Felix, who gave the film a 2½ out of 5, said, "Acting aside, Sight is ultimately a worthwhile low budget exercise in eerie mood and spectral scares, though I'm not sure it warrants repeat viewings". The film was deemed "slightly annoying" in a review for DVD Verdict written by David Johnson, who concluded his coverage of Sight with, "A well-acted horror film that relies too heavily on the jump scare and a twist ending that fails to wow, Sight probably isn't worth taking a look at". References External links 2008 films 2000s ghost films 2008 horror films American supernatural horror films 2008 direct-to-video films American independent films Direct-to-video horror films American direct-to-video films Films directed by Adam Ahlbrandt Films shot in Philadelphia 2008 directorial debut films 2000s supernatural horror films 2008 independent films American ghost films 2000s English-language films 2000s American films	[ 50, 432, 318, 257, 3648, 9961, 2646, 3194, 290, 7924, 416, 7244, 7900, 75, 17938, 83, 13, 198, 198, 43328, 220, 198, 198, 19139, 4364, 5983, 257, 5897, 6224, 13, 13728, 287, 6937, 3252, 286, 852, 15494, 257, 29670, 11, 19627, 34175, 257, 3716, 995, 286, 14425, 13, 679, 318, 26688, 416, 262, 13747, 286, 262, 410, 3540, 913, 2636, 11, 543, 339, 460, 766, 981, 645, 530, 2073, 460, 13, 2293, 3249, 22937, 11, 257, 4950, 1862, 2415, 508, 7303, 465, 366, 18627, 1600, 5502, 1924, 7228, 4467, 287, 6970, 2130, 7303, 465, 1527, 41101, 13, 2102, 11, 465, 4467, 318, 1790, 5615, 355, 22937, 6451, 2925, 4814, 290, 19627, 318, 1364, 3436, 284, 1064, 262, 7429, 13, 198, 198, 19248, 198, 198, 3041, 4516, 220, 198, 198, 21659, 88, 3167, 70, 32620, 2921, 26864, 257, 352, 23141, 503, 286, 642, 11, 262, 3052, 338, 4165, 25094, 286, 262, 2646, 852, 262, 285, 32745, 7110, 11, 290, 262, 2128, 3081, 13, 317, 25208, 373, 11343, 416, 6542, 32342, 286, 27005, 5694, 11, 508, 46263, 306, 5081, 11, 366, 464, 691, 26938, 1517, 314, 460, 910, 546, 428, 3223, 11, 288, 260, 560, 11, 640, 12, 35873, 11, 2042, 7604, 286, 257, 2646, 318, 326, 340, 373, 1342, 621, 281, 1711, 290, 257, 2063, 890, 290, 550, 617, 8788, 2128, 1486, 1911, 12490, 12167, 338, 10799, 29721, 11, 508, 2921, 262, 2646, 257, 362, 23141, 503, 286, 642, 11, 531, 11, 366, 6398, 278, 7263, 11, 26864, 318, 6165, 257, 24769, 1877, 4466, 5517, 287, 41128, 10038, 290, 37410, 44462, 11, 996, 314, 1101, 407, 1654, 340, 23070, 9585, 1570, 654, 1911, 383, 2646, 373, 10762, 366, 82, 30945, 15774, 1, 287, 257, 2423, 329, 12490, 4643, 11600, 3194, 416, 3271, 5030, 11, 508, 8391, 465, 5197, 286, 26864, 351, 11, 366, 32, 880, 12, 23800, 9961, 2646, 326, 16507, 1165, 7272, 319, 262, 4391, 19437, 290, 257, 14528, 7464, 326, 10143, 284, 28796, 11, 26864, 2192, 2125, 470, 2861, 2263, 257, 804, 379, 1911, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 628, 220, 198, 198, 11528, 7328, 198, 11024, 82, 10905, 7328, 198, 11528, 9961, 7328, 198, 7437, 22239, 9961, 7328, 198, 11528, 1277, 12, 1462, 12, 15588, 7328, 198, 7437, 4795, 7328, 198, 13470, 12, 1462, 12, 15588, 9961, 7328, 198, 7437, 1277, 12, 1462, 12, 15588, 7328, 198, 11928, 907, 7924, 416, 7244, 7900, 75, 17938, 83, 198, 11928, 907, 2823, 287, 8857, 198, 11528, 3437, 498, 8886, 7328, 198, 11024, 82, 22239, 9961, 7328, 198, 11528, 4795, 7328, 198, 7437, 10905, 7328, 198, 11024, 82, 3594, 12, 16129, 7328, 198, 11024, 82, 1605, 7328 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168407	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallader%20Owen	Cadwallader Owen	Cadwallader Owen (c. 1562 – 1617) was a Welsh Church of England clergyman, debater and writer. Life Owen was from Maentwrog, Merioneth. He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating on 24 November 1581. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1583 and Master of Arts degree in 1589. He was a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, from 1585 to no later than 1606, when he married Blanche Roberts. He was awarded a Bachelor of Divinity degree by the university in 1603. Owen was rector of Llanbrynmair, Merioneth from 1608 onwards. In addition to his clerical duties, he had a reputation for debating, taking the name "Sic doces". His written work is now lost. He died in 1617 and was buried in his parish on 6 April 1617. His son was Richard Owen, who was a prominent clergyman before and after the Restoration, holding positions in Eltham, St Swithin in London Stone, and North Cray. References 1560s births 1617 deaths Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford 17th-century Welsh Anglican priests 16th-century Welsh writers	[ 34, 324, 11930, 5067, 22605, 357, 66, 13, 1315, 5237, 784, 1467, 1558, 8, 373, 257, 22945, 4564, 286, 4492, 26014, 805, 11, 1915, 729, 290, 6260, 13, 198, 198, 14662, 198, 46, 21006, 373, 422, 6669, 298, 86, 3828, 11, 4638, 295, 2788, 13, 220, 679, 373, 15657, 379, 5803, 5535, 11, 13643, 11, 2603, 1173, 8306, 319, 1987, 3389, 1315, 6659, 13, 220, 679, 6492, 465, 33399, 286, 11536, 4922, 287, 1315, 5999, 290, 5599, 286, 11536, 4922, 287, 1315, 4531, 13, 679, 373, 257, 5891, 286, 440, 11719, 5535, 11, 13643, 11, 422, 1315, 5332, 284, 645, 1568, 621, 1467, 3312, 11, 618, 339, 6405, 1086, 6362, 10918, 13, 220, 679, 373, 11343, 257, 33399, 286, 33170, 4922, 416, 262, 6403, 287, 1467, 3070, 13, 220, 22605, 373, 302, 2715, 286, 406, 9620, 65, 563, 21533, 958, 11, 4638, 295, 2788, 422, 1467, 2919, 31719, 13, 220, 554, 3090, 284, 465, 13451, 605, 10741, 11, 339, 550, 257, 8507, 329, 31174, 11, 2263, 262, 1438, 366, 50, 291, 2205, 274, 1911, 2399, 3194, 670, 318, 783, 2626, 13, 220, 679, 3724, 287, 1467, 1558, 290, 373, 11694, 287, 465, 28830, 319, 718, 3035, 1467, 1558, 13, 198, 198, 6653, 3367, 373, 6219, 22605, 11, 508, 373, 257, 9208, 26014, 805, 878, 290, 706, 262, 36155, 11, 4769, 6116, 287, 2574, 400, 321, 11, 520, 2451, 342, 259, 287, 3576, 8026, 11, 290, 2258, 327, 2433, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 1314, 1899, 82, 27244, 198, 1433, 1558, 7040, 198, 2348, 25402, 286, 5803, 5535, 11, 13643, 198, 37, 695, 1666, 286, 440, 11719, 5535, 11, 13643, 198, 1558, 400, 12, 14792, 22945, 42844, 272, 17345, 198, 1433, 400, 12, 14792, 22945, 8786 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168417	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20France	CIA activities in France	While the CIA cooperates with its French counterpart, the DGSE, the countries do collect information on one another, especially in the economic and scientific areas. 1937 French Connection Illegal heroin labs were first discovered near Marseille, France, in 1937. These labs were run by Corsican gang leader Paul Carbone. For years, the Corsican underworld had been involved in the manufacturing and trafficking of heroin, primarily to the United States. It was this heroin network that eventually became known as "the French Connection". The Corsican Gang was protected by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the SDECE after World War II in exchange for working to prevent French Communists from bringing the Old Port of Marseille under their control. 1950 Unconventional warfare preparation CIA forms the French branch of Operation Gladio. The CIA is suspected to have infiltrated the French Communist party and worked to support the growth of non-revolutionary communists within France to offset the Soviet influence on the more radical elements within the French Communist Party. The CIA is suspected to have been involved in supporting the student riots against Charles DeGaulle to retaliate against his withdrawal from NATO and his Francophile policies. "Charles De Gaulle undertook covert operations in Quebec using nationalist and separatist movements in Quebec, under the rubric of "Assistance et Cooperation Technique" or "Operation Ascot." Jacques Foccart dispatched SDECE agents to Quebec to develop and foment the growth of separatist movements." 1961 Admiral Pierre Lacoste stated that the CIA supported the French Gladio and the OAS right-wing extremist organization to attack Charles DeGaulle. 1992 Clandestine intelligence collection "According to the Director of Central Intelligence, Bob Gates, at least 20 nations from Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America are involved in intelligence activities that are detrimental to our economic interests. Some of the specific cases are shocking. According to a recent New York Times article by Peter Schweizer, `between 1987 and 1989, French intelligence planted moles in several U.S. companies, including IBM. In the fall of 1991, a French intelligence team attempted to steal `stealth' technology from Lockheed.' Other accounts report that French intelligence units conduct 10 to 15 break-ins every day at large hotels in Paris to copy documents that belong to businessmen, journalists, and diplomats. According to other accounts, the French have been hiding listening devices on Air France flights in order to pick up useful economic information from business travelers. 1993 Clandestine intelligence collection "In 1993, R. James Woolsey, then a new Director of Central Intelligence, publicly announced that economic intelligence focused on European corrupt practices and bribery was now a CIA program. French intelligence had been aggressively going after information from American executives. Woolsey said "No more Mr. Nice Guy." Shortly afterwards, the CIA Paris station had at least five officers working on understanding French national trade policy, and countering French economic espionage against the US. Four were under diplomatic and one under nonofficial cover. 1995 Clandestine intelligence collection The CIA Inspector General delivered a report on CIA clandestine service work on economic intelligence, which is likely to end the careers of several officers, including Paris station chief Dick Holm, European CS division chief Joseph DeTrani, and at least four case officers. France's Interior Minister, Charles Pasqua, revealed the problem in February 1995. The officer under nonofficial cover as a foundation representative made two errors in posing as a foundation representative: communicating too openly with the C.I.A. station and communing too secretly with her target, a French official. Mr. Holm, the station chief, found out about the love affair she was conducting with the official. It was clear that the romance could compromise the operation. Holm convinced his chief to continue the operation. The French, however, broke the usual agreement among Western services and announced what they had learned, expelling the embassy-based officer "incompatible with their diplomatic status.". Controversy flared over questions about whether spying on allies for economic data is a worthy pursuit for the CIA, even if the allies do it to the US, or if other missions have a higher priority. While there were tragicomic aspects, the issue of what espionage is tolerable among nominal allies remains complex, especially when involving clear security issues as with Jonathan Pollard. 2006 Rendition and clandestine intelligence collection The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the League of Human Rights (LDH) filed a complaint urging the French Public Prosecutor to investigate the alleged use of French airports by secret CIA flights transporting terrorist suspects. References Politics of France France–United States relations CIA activities in Russia and Europe France	[ 3633, 262, 7688, 6788, 689, 351, 663, 4141, 11283, 11, 262, 46133, 5188, 11, 262, 2678, 466, 2824, 1321, 319, 530, 1194, 11, 2592, 287, 262, 3034, 290, 5654, 3006, 13, 198, 198, 1129, 2718, 198, 198, 24111, 26923, 220, 198, 198, 33666, 18011, 16914, 27887, 547, 717, 5071, 1474, 45996, 8270, 11, 4881, 11, 287, 28684, 13, 2312, 27887, 547, 1057, 416, 26978, 7490, 7706, 3554, 3362, 1879, 15992, 13, 1114, 812, 11, 262, 26978, 7490, 42494, 550, 587, 2950, 287, 262, 9138, 290, 14616, 286, 16914, 11, 7525, 284, 262, 1578, 1829, 13, 632, 373, 428, 16914, 3127, 326, 4191, 2627, 1900, 355, 366, 1169, 4141, 26923, 1911, 383, 26978, 7490, 19228, 373, 6861, 416, 262, 5694, 9345, 7732, 357, 49732, 8, 290, 262, 9834, 2943, 36, 706, 2159, 1810, 2873, 287, 5163, 329, 1762, 284, 2948, 4141, 39049, 422, 6079, 262, 5706, 4347, 286, 45996, 8270, 739, 511, 1630, 13, 198, 198, 42751, 198, 198, 3118, 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17168437	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang%20Lingzan	Liang Lingzan	Liang Lingzan () was a Chinese artist, astronomer, inventor, mechanical engineer and politician of the Kaiyuan era during the Tang Dynasty. He invented a mechanized water clock with the Tantric monk and mathematician Yi Xing (). It was actually an astronomical instrument that served as a clock, made of bronze in the capital of Chang'an in the 720s. It was described by a contemporary text this way: [It] was made in the image of the round heavens and on it were shown the lunar mansions in their order, the equator and the degrees of the heavenly circumference. Water, flowing into scoops, turned a wheel automatically, rotating it one complete revolution in one day and night. Besides this, there were two rings fitted around the celestial sphere outside, having the sun and moon threaded on them, and these were made to move in circling orbit ... And they made a wooden casing the surface of which represented the horizon, since the instrument was half sunk in it. It permitted the exact determinations of the time of dawns and dusks, full and new moons, tarrying and hurrying. Moreover, there were two wooden jacks standing on the horizon surface, having one a bell and the other a drum in front of it, the bell being struck automatically to indicate the hours, and the drum being beaten automatically to indicate the quarters. All these motions were brought about by machinery within the casing, each depending on wheels and shafts, hooks, pins and interlocking rods, stopping devices and locks checking mutually. In addition to being an engineer and official, Lingzan was also a scholar and artist. He wrote The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities (), of which a Song Dynasty copy resides in the collection of the Osaka City Art Museum. 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17168440	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest%20Hits%20Live%20...%20Now%20and%20Forever	Greatest Hits Live ... Now and Forever	Greatest Hits Live ... Now and Forever is a live album by British-Australian soft rock duo Air Supply, released in 1995. It also contains two new studio recordings of previously released songs. The album was a massive success in Asia, where in Taiwan it topped the album charts for 16 weeks. It was recorded in Taipei, Taiwan, and later a DVD of the concert was released. The band played live with a 16-piece string section. Track listing "The Vanishing Race" (Russell, Sherwood) "Making Love Out of Nothing at All" (Steinman) – 5:46 "Chances" (Russell) – 3:46 "Lost in Love" (Russell) – 4:29 "Sweet Dreams" (Russell) – 7:14 "Someone" (Allison, Russell) – 5:45 "Always" (Allison, Russell, Sherwood) – 4:22 "Unchained Melody" (North, Zaret) – 3:48 "The One That You Love" (Russell) – 4:36 "Goodbye" (Foster, Thompson-Jenner) 4:03 "All Out of Love" (Davis, Russell) – 6:11 "I Can Wait Forever" (Foster, Russell) "Just Between the Lines" (Russell) "I Want to Give It All" (Russell) "Here I Am (Just When I Thought I Was Over You)" (Masser, Sallitt, Creed) "Don't Be Afraid" (Russell) "Without You" (Ham, Evans) "The Way I Feel" [Studio] (Allison, Russell) – 4:40 "Now and Forever" [Studio] (Russell) – 4:17 Personnel Russell Hitchcock – lead and backing vocals Graham Russell – lead and backing vocals, keyboards, guitars Guy Allison – acoustic piano, keyboards Clifford Rehrig – bass, backing vocals Mark T. Williams – drums, percussion, backing vocals Production Producer – Graham Russell Engineer and mixing – Alejandro Rodriguez Assistant engineer – Erich Gobel Design – Heather Porter References Air Supply albums 1995 live albums Warner Records live albums Albums produced by Graham Russell	[ 13681, 395, 28626, 7547, 1849, 986, 2735, 290, 28285, 318, 257, 2107, 5062, 416, 3517, 12, 38036, 2705, 3881, 18545, 3701, 22663, 11, 2716, 287, 8735, 13, 632, 635, 4909, 734, 649, 8034, 18813, 286, 4271, 2716, 7259, 13, 383, 5062, 373, 257, 4858, 1943, 287, 7229, 11, 810, 287, 14119, 340, 20633, 262, 5062, 15907, 329, 1467, 2745, 13, 632, 373, 6264, 287, 11144, 33265, 11, 14119, 11, 290, 1568, 257, 12490, 286, 262, 10010, 373, 2716, 13, 383, 4097, 2826, 2107, 351, 257, 1467, 12, 12239, 4731, 2665, 13, 198, 198, 24802, 13487, 220, 628, 366, 464, 6656, 3929, 12588, 1, 357, 46325, 11, 6528, 3822, 8, 220, 198, 366, 23874, 5896, 3806, 286, 10528, 379, 1439, 1, 357, 7447, 259, 805, 8, 784, 642, 25, 3510, 220, 198, 366, 1925, 1817, 1, 357, 46325, 8, 784, 513, 25, 3510, 220, 198, 366, 31042, 287, 5896, 1, 357, 46325, 8, 784, 604, 25, 1959, 220, 198, 366, 36087, 21527, 1, 357, 46325, 8, 784, 767, 25, 1415, 220, 198, 366, 28211, 1, 357, 3237, 1653, 11, 11563, 8, 784, 642, 25, 2231, 220, 198, 366, 30374, 1, 357, 3237, 1653, 11, 11563, 11, 6528, 3822, 8, 784, 604, 25, 1828, 220, 198, 366, 3118, 354, 1328, 38906, 1, 357, 14157, 11, 1168, 8984, 8, 784, 513, 25, 2780, 220, 198, 366, 464, 1881, 1320, 921, 5896, 1, 357, 46325, 8, 784, 604, 25, 2623, 220, 198, 366, 10248, 16390, 1, 357, 37, 6197, 11, 11654, 12, 44875, 1008, 8, 220, 604, 25, 3070, 220, 198, 366, 3237, 3806, 286, 5896, 1, 357, 36462, 11, 11563, 8, 784, 718, 25, 1157, 220, 198, 366, 40, 1680, 16314, 28285, 1, 357, 37, 6197, 11, 11563, 8, 198, 366, 5703, 14307, 262, 26299, 1, 357, 46325, 8, 198, 366, 40, 16168, 284, 13786, 632, 1439, 1, 220, 357, 46325, 8, 198, 366, 4342, 314, 1703, 357, 5703, 1649, 314, 27522, 314, 8920, 3827, 921, 16725, 220, 357, 20273, 263, 11, 311, 439, 715, 11, 24299, 8, 198, 366, 3987, 470, 1355, 2483, 7086, 1, 357, 46325, 8, 198, 366, 16249, 921, 1, 357, 21281, 11, 13922, 8, 198, 366, 464, 6378, 314, 18571, 1, 685, 41501, 60, 357, 3237, 1653, 11, 11563, 8, 784, 604, 25, 1821, 220, 198, 366, 3844, 290, 28285, 1, 685, 41501, 60, 357, 46325, 8, 784, 604, 25, 1558, 198, 198, 15439, 4954, 220, 198, 11563, 49817, 784, 1085, 290, 12285, 25355, 198, 11520, 11563, 784, 1085, 290, 12285, 25355, 11, 34512, 11, 32497, 220, 198, 13145, 33461, 784, 26071, 19132, 11, 34512, 198, 43159, 797, 71, 4359, 784, 12702, 11, 12285, 25355, 198, 2940, 309, 13, 6484, 784, 24730, 11, 48388, 11, 12285, 25355, 198, 198, 35027, 220, 198, 30436, 784, 11520, 11563, 198, 23164, 290, 17090, 784, 9300, 47983, 19391, 198, 15286, 11949, 784, 5256, 488, 16909, 417, 198, 8495, 784, 24253, 20890, 198, 198, 19927, 220, 198, 198, 16170, 22663, 16788, 198, 21908, 2107, 16788, 198, 13195, 1008, 13407, 2107, 16788, 198, 2348, 4435, 82, 4635, 416, 11520, 11563 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ask%20Foy	Ask Foy	The Foy Information Desk, or the Foy Information Line, is a telephone and walk-in information service provided by Auburn University and hosted in the new Student Union building. The service has been in continuous operation since the 1950s. At one time, the service was available 24 hours a day, but is now available from 7 am to 11pmCentral Standard Time The Foy Information Desk service was initially designed as a resource for Auburn students who were looking for course information, grades, or campus services, but now accepts calls from the general public. The operators are Auburn University students, and the free service attempts to answer any question within reason asked by a caller or visitor about Auburn University. Auburn's Foy Information Desk service is one of the busiest information lines, receiving around 1000 calls each day. The service was featured on the Today Show on November 27, 2007. On October 10, 2014, an employee at the Foy Information Desk received a bomb threat from a caller. The building was evacuated while police searched for explosives, finding none. The call was traced back to a 15-year-old in Tennessee. External links Ask Foy Auburn University References Auburn University	[ 464, 376, 726, 6188, 39246, 11, 393, 262, 376, 726, 6188, 6910, 11, 318, 257, 11426, 290, 2513, 12, 259, 1321, 2139, 2810, 416, 24579, 2059, 290, 12007, 287, 262, 649, 13613, 4479, 2615, 13, 220, 383, 2139, 468, 587, 287, 12948, 4905, 1201, 262, 11445, 82, 13, 1629, 530, 640, 11, 262, 2139, 373, 1695, 1987, 2250, 257, 1110, 11, 475, 318, 783, 1695, 422, 767, 716, 284, 1367, 4426, 30645, 8997, 3862, 383, 376, 726, 6188, 39246, 2139, 373, 7317, 3562, 355, 257, 8271, 329, 24579, 2444, 508, 547, 2045, 329, 1781, 1321, 11, 19051, 11, 393, 7611, 2594, 11, 475, 783, 18178, 3848, 422, 262, 2276, 1171, 13, 220, 383, 12879, 389, 24579, 2059, 2444, 11, 290, 262, 1479, 2139, 6370, 284, 3280, 597, 1808, 1626, 1738, 1965, 416, 257, 24955, 393, 21493, 546, 24579, 2059, 13, 24579, 338, 376, 726, 6188, 39246, 2139, 318, 530, 286, 262, 42745, 1321, 3951, 11, 6464, 1088, 8576, 3848, 1123, 1110, 13, 198, 198, 464, 2139, 373, 8096, 319, 262, 6288, 5438, 319, 3389, 2681, 11, 4343, 13, 198, 198, 2202, 3267, 838, 11, 1946, 11, 281, 6538, 379, 262, 376, 726, 6188, 39246, 2722, 257, 5194, 2372, 422, 257, 24955, 13, 383, 2615, 373, 23724, 981, 1644, 16499, 329, 20732, 11, 4917, 4844, 13, 383, 869, 373, 23246, 736, 284, 257, 1315, 12, 1941, 12, 727, 287, 11287, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 25214, 376, 726, 198, 32, 549, 700, 2059, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 32, 549, 700, 2059 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168469	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20Italy	CIA activities in Italy	The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been involved in Italian politics since the end of World War II. The CIA helped swing the 1948 general election in favor of the centrist Christian Democrats and would continue to intervene in Italian politics until at least the early 1960s. 1948 The 1948 general election was greatly influenced by the Cold War that was starting between the United States and the Soviet Union. The CIA has acknowledged giving $1 million to Italian centrist parties. The CIA has also been accused of publishing forged letters in order to discredit the leaders of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). The National Security Act of 1947, which made foreign covert operations possible, had been signed into law about six months earlier by the American President Harry S. Truman. "We had bags of money that we delivered to selected politicians, to defray their political expenses, their campaign expenses, for posters, for pamphlets," according to CIA operative F. Mark Wyatt. In order to influence the election, the U.S. agencies undertook a campaign of writing ten thousand letters, made numerous short-wave radio broadcasts and funded the publishing of books and articles, all of which warned the Italians of what was believed to be the consequences of a communist victory. Time magazine backed the campaign, featuring the Christian Democracy leader and Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi on its cover and in its lead story on 19 April 1948. Overall, the US funneled $10 million to $20 million into the country for specifically anti-PCI purposes. Additionally, millions of dollars from the Economic Cooperation Administration affiliated with the Marshall Plan were spent on anti-communist "information activities." The CIA claims that the PCI was being funded by the Soviet Union. According to Wyatt: "The Communist Party of Italy was funded ... by black bags of money directly out of the Soviet compound in Rome; and the Italian services were aware of this. As the elections approached, the amounts grew, and the estimates [are] that $8 million to $10 million a month actually went into the coffers of communism. Not necessarily completely to the party: Mr. Di Vittorio and labor was powerful, and certainly a lot went to him," according to the former CIA operative. Although the numbers are disputed, there is evidence of some financial aid, described as occasional and modest, from the Kremlin. PCI official Pietro Secchia and Stalin discussed financial support. The Christian Democrats eventually won the 1948 election with 48% of the vote, and the Popular Democratic Front (FDP) received 31%. The CIA's practice of influencing the political situation was repeated in every Italian election for at least the next 24 years. A leftist coalition would not win a general election for the next 48 years until 1996. That was partly because of Italians' traditional bent for conservatism and even more importantly the Cold War, with the U.S. closely watching Italy in their determination to maintain a vital NATO presence in the Mediterranean and retain the Yalta-agreed status quo of western Europe. Cold War The CIA provided an average of $5 million annually in covert aid to Italy from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. This aid went towards financially supporting centrist Italian governments and using the awarding of contracts to weaken the Italian Communist Party's hold on labor unions. 1990 Covert paramilitary action Italian government officials agree that a stay-behind network called Operation Gladio had been formed against the contingency of a Warsaw Pact invasion of Italy, but not terminated until 1990. It is disputed, however, if this network was involved in a series of "false flag" fascist terrorist actions in Italy that were blamed on the "Red Brigades" and other Left-wing political groups in an attempt to politically discredit the Italian Left wing. Venetian magistrate Felice Casson, while investigating a 1970s car bombing in Peteano, uncovered references to Gladio while searching through files at SISMI, the Italian intelligence service. Time magazine quoted Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti admitting Gladio existed due to the climate of the times and chided the opposition for "insinuating suspicions." He insisted that although Gladio had a military structure, "it had never been involved in terrorist activities." According to Charles Richard, reporting for The Independent, General Paolo Inzerilli, SISMI chief of staff, said the network was shut down in the previous week of November 1990. A parliamentary committee on intelligence, looking into the Gladio affair heard testimony from three former prime ministers: Amintore Fanfani, Ciriaco De Mita and Bettino Craxi. Richards said General Gerardo Serravalle, head of Gladio from 1971 to 1974, told a television reporter that he now thought the explosion aboard the plane Argo 16 on 23 November 1973 was probably the work of Gladio members who were refusing to hand over the weapons they had obtained from Gladio. Until then it was widely believed the sabotage was carried out by Mossad, the Israeli foreign secret service, in retaliation for the pro-Libyan Italian government's decision to expel, rather than try, five Arabs who had tried to blow up an Israeli air-liner. The Arabs had been spirited out of the country on board the Argo 16. The US state department has denied involvement in terrorism and stated that some of the claims have been influenced by an alleged Soviet forgery, US Army Field Manual 30-31B. 2003 Covert action and international law aspects The Abu Omar Case (or Imam Rapito affair - "Kidnapped Imam affair") refers to the abduction and transfer to Egypt of the Imam of Milan Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr, also known as Abu Omar. The legal issues of the case deal with extraordinary rendition carried out by the CIA in the context of the global war on terrorism. On 23 December 2005, a judge issued a European arrest warrant against 22 CIA agents for allegedly abducting an Egyptian terrorist suspect. On 22 January 2006, the Italian Foreign Minister forwarded to the US authorities a request for legal assistance. 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17168485	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Bound	Matthew Bound	Matthew Terence Bound (born 9 November 1972) is an English former football defender. Career statistics Honours Individual PFA Team of the Year: 1999–2000 Third Division References External links Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) 1972 births Living people English men's footballers Men's association football defenders Premier League players Southampton F.C. players Hull City A.F.C. players Stockport County F.C. players Lincoln City F.C. players Swansea City A.F.C. players Oxford United F.C. players Weymouth F.C. players Eastleigh F.C. players English Football League players People from Melksham Footballers from Wiltshire	[ 25372, 309, 1945, 30149, 357, 6286, 860, 3389, 16101, 8, 318, 281, 3594, 1966, 4346, 13191, 13, 198, 198, 17784, 263, 7869, 198, 198, 29478, 4662, 198, 35392, 198, 47, 7708, 4816, 286, 262, 6280, 25, 7358, 1906, 11024, 10467, 7458, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 6385, 49584, 986, 383, 11140, 540, 47435, 290, 9957, 4041, 7853, 24047, 357, 7266, 33584, 2672, 8, 198, 198, 41023, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 15823, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 16355, 198, 24914, 959, 4041, 1938, 198, 14942, 23427, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 39, 724, 2254, 317, 13, 37, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 26207, 634, 3418, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 43, 11690, 2254, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 50, 8149, 8583, 2254, 317, 13, 37, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 38208, 3841, 1578, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 1135, 4948, 1536, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 25234, 42342, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 15823, 9957, 4041, 1938, 198, 8061, 422, 5616, 591, 2763, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 5187, 912, 10695 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168498	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom	CIA activities in the United Kingdom	There is a long history of close cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom intelligence services; see Clandestine HUMINT and Covert Action for World War II and subsequent relationships. There are permanent liaison officers of each country in major intelligence agencies of the other, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Secret Intelligence Service ("MI6") (which is the British counterpart of the CIA), FBI and the Security Service (MI5), and National Security Agency (NSA) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). From 1943 to 2017, the Open Source Enterprise, a division of the CIA, was run out of Caversham Park in Reading, Berkshire. American officials worked closely with their British counterparts to monitor foreign TV and radio broadcasts, as well as online information. Oleg Penkovsky, a Soviet military intelligence colonel, who was a defector in place, was a joint US-UK espionage operation. Much of Penkovsky's product is available online at the CIA FOIA Reading Room under the code name IRONBARK. A major source of tension between the two countries was Kim Philby, a senior UK SIS officer who was a Soviet agent. Philby, at one point, was the SIS liaison officer resident in the US. James Jesus Angleton, head of CIA counterintelligence, was surprised by Philby's activity, and, as a consequence, began hunts for moles within CIA. In January 2014, newly released documents revealed that Margaret Thatcher had been warned while she was Prime Minister that the CIA did not always give sufficient notice in advance when it carried out operations in the UK. In 1984, Paddy Ashdown, who later became leader of the Liberal Democrats, raised fears about clandestine approaches made by CIA agents, but his allegations were dismissed by Thatcher. Labour Party Harold Wilson During the 1960s and 1970s, MI5 and the CIA's chief of counterintelligence, James Jesus Angleton, spied on Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson because elements in those agencies claimed that Wilson was a Soviet agent or a blackmail risk. As Peter Wright confirmed in his book Spycatcher, Wilson was the victim of a protracted, illegal campaign of destabilisation by a rogue element in the security services. Prompted by CIA fears that Wilson was a Soviet agent - put in place after the KGB had, the spooks believed, poisoned Hugh Gaitskell, the previous Labour leader - these MI5 men burgled the homes of the prime minister's aides, bugged their phones and spread black, anti-Wilson propaganda throughout the media. They tried to pin all kinds of nonsense on him: that his devoted political secretary, Marcia Williams, posed a threat to national security; that he was a closet IRA sympathiser. – The Guardian (2006) 1983 general election A series of CIA memos were released in January 2017 after a legal case by MuckRock, which promotes freedom of information. One memo was dated May 1983, shortly before the UK general election, and stated that the CIA was concerned about certain figures in the Labour Party, such as then-leader Michael Foot and deputy leader, Denis Healey, accusing them of "aping anti-American rhetoric". Titled "The British Labor Party: Caught Between Ideology and Reality", it cited Labour's then-commitment to trade "protectionism," withdrawal from the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and the dismantling of its Trident nuclear programme. Consequently, "a majority government headed by Labor [sic] would pose the most serious threat to US interests." The Labour Party "roundly criticizes US policy in the Third World, particularly in Latin America, and calls for ... improv[ing] relations with other socialist regimes." Jeremy Corbyn Jeremy Corbyn, who became a Labour MP in 1983 and was later elected leader of the party in 2015, was the subject of CIA interest due to his visit to Grenada in 1979. [In 1984], Corbyn had come to the attention of the CIA as a Labour MP (for Islington North). He was critical of the U.S. invasion of Grenada, which had taken place in the previous year. In 1979, says the Spectator, Corbyn "went to Grenada with dignitaries of the Islington race relations and feminist industry, to see and admire the Revolution." Corbyn participated in a fact-finding mission, which claimed that most Grenadian working class people supported the revolution. In 1983, the US invaded to restore a political system favourable to its elite interests. A year later, the CIA noted the publication of a book written about the revolution in which, it says, the findings of Corbyn are quoted. The CIA also kept tabs on Corbyn because of his support for the Salvadorian union, FENASTRAS. Notably, in a 1986 memo detailing FENASTRAS' conference in San Salvador, Corbyn's name was mentioned explicitly, whilst other foreign "union members" were not named. In a letter inviting certain U.S. labor leaders to attend FENASTRAS' November 13-15 congress in San Salvador, [trade unionist Francisco] Acosta called FENASTRAS "democratic" in spite of its guerrilla and WFTU connections. British Labor M.P. Jeremy Corbyn and French, Australian, and Swiss union members also lent their names to [a FENASTRAS newspaper ad]. British Pakistanis In February 2009, journalist Tim Shipman revealed in The Spectator that the CIA was "running its own agent networks on an unprecedented scale in the British Pakistani community." A British security source told me that somewhere between 40 and 60 per cent of CIA activity designed to prevent a new terrorist spectacular on American soil is now directed at targets in the UK. This is a quite staggering number. I ran the figure by several former CIA officers in the US, all of whom still have close links with the intelligence community. The consensus was that the 40 per cent figure is about right. 'If you're talking about total global operations, that would be an exaggeration,' one national security official said. 'If you're talking about operations to deal with threats against the US homeland, that's the ball park.' This has caused some tensions in what my old tutor Dr Chris Andrew, now the official historian of MI5, calls 'the most special part of the special relationship'. A former CIA officer who still does freelance work for the agency, said: 'Britain is an Islamist swamp. You don't want to have to spend time spying on your friends.' As far as our closest ally is concerned, Britain is not part of the problem, Britain is the problem. Bruce Riedel, a former CIA officer and Middle East expert on the NSC for three presidents, who has just been appointed to head Barack Obama's overhaul of Afghan strategy, told me: 'The 800,000 or so British citizens of Pakistani origin are regarded by the American intelligence community as perhaps the single biggest threat environment that they have to worry about.' In February 2019, the Intelligence and Security Committee unearthed a number of examples of GCHQ's intelligence being used to locate and detain terrorism suspects who were subsequently rendered and tortured during the 2000s as part of the War on Terror. The committee also found that GCHQ provided intelligence to assist the interrogation of terrorism suspects held at CIA black sites. National Endowment for Democracy In January 2022, former CIA agent-turned whistleblower, John Kiriakou revealed that the National Endowment for Democracy—a non-profit corporation created in the 1980s by President Ronald Reagan and funded by the United States Congress—had funnelled millions of dollars into British independent media groups since 2016. These include investigative outlets such as Bellingcat, Finance Uncovered and openDemocracy, as well as media freedom and training organisations like Index on Censorship, Article 19, the Media Legal Defence Initiative, and the Thomson Reuters Foundation. In 2011, the US Congress changed the law that forbade the Executive Branch from propagandizing the American people or nationals of the other 'Five Eyes' countries—the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The National Endowment for Democracy, like Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, countless Washington-area 'think tanks', and Radio/TV Martí, are the vehicles for that propaganda", referring to the US broadcaster that transmits to Cuba. Kiriakou continued: "And what better way to spread that propaganda than to funnel money to 'friendly' outlets in 'friendly countries'? The CIA's propaganda efforts throughout history have been shameless. But now that they're not legally relegated to just Russia and China, the whole world is a target." – Declassified UK See also 1953 Iranian coup d'état Inter-Services Intelligence activities in the United Kingdom References Politics of the United Kingdom United Kingdom–United States relations United Kingdom United Kingdom	[ 1858, 318, 257, 890, 2106, 286, 1969, 11113, 1022, 262, 1578, 1829, 290, 262, 1578, 7526, 4430, 2594, 26, 766, 1012, 35887, 45850, 12394, 290, 1766, 1851, 7561, 329, 2159, 1810, 2873, 290, 8840, 6958, 13, 220, 1318, 389, 7748, 43176, 3790, 286, 1123, 1499, 287, 1688, 4430, 5942, 286, 262, 584, 11, 884, 355, 262, 5694, 9345, 7732, 357, 49732, 8, 290, 262, 3943, 9345, 4809, 5855, 8895, 21, 4943, 357, 4758, 318, 262, 3517, 11283, 286, 262, 7688, 828, 5349, 290, 262, 4765, 4809, 357, 8895, 20, 828, 290, 2351, 4765, 7732, 357, 47549, 8, 290, 5070, 14620, 32193, 357, 38, 47831, 737, 3574, 21577, 284, 2177, 11, 262, 4946, 8090, 14973, 11, 257, 7297, 286, 262, 7688, 11, 373, 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17168519	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradeplatz	Paradeplatz	Paradeplatz is a square on Bahnhofstrasse in downtown Zürich, Switzerland. It is one of the most expensive pieces of real estate in Switzerland and has become synonymous with wealth and the Swiss banks, being the location of the headquarters of both UBS and Credit Suisse. It is surrounded by four blocks of buildings. The site of the square lay outwith the medieval city walls, and was incorporated into the town with the construction of the new ramparts in 1642. During the 17th century, it served as a livestock market, known as Säumärt ("pig market"), renamed to Neumarkt ("new market") in 1819 and finally to its current name following the construction of Bahnhofstrasse (1865). Paradeplatz is one of the main nodal points of the Zürich tram network, and the stop is served by lines 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 17. Paradeplatz was the scene of clashes between insurgents and cantonal troops during the 1839 Züriputsch. The first horse-drawn trams circulated in 1882 and were electrified in 1896. Constituent buildings In the block to the north, which is bounded by Talacker to the west, Bahnhofstrasse to the east and Paradeplatz to the south, is the home of Credit Suisse, amongst other businesses. The building, formerly known as the Kreditanstalt building, dates to 1873. The Lichthof shopping mall is at the eastern corner of the building. The hotel Baur en Ville, on the eastern end of the square, opened in 1838. Also in this block is the Blancpain watch store and the Harry Winston jewellery store. This block is bounded by Züghusplatz to the north and Poststrasse to the south. The Confiserie Sprüngli, in the southern block, opened in 1859. It is bounded by Paradeplatz to the north, Bahnhofstrasse to the east and Bleicherweg to the west. The UBS (formerly Bankverein) building on the western side dates to 1897–1899. It is bounded by Talacker to the north, Paradeplatz to the east and Bleicherweg to the south. 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17168526	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy%20Havryushov	Andriy Havryushov	Andriy Havryushov (born 24 September 1977) is a Ukrainian former professional football defender. External links 1977 births Living people Ukrainian men's footballers FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Metalurh Donetsk players FC Nyva Vinnytsia players Men's association football defenders FC Metalurh Novomoskovsk players FC Oleksandriya players FC Stal Alchevsk players	[ 1870, 380, 88, 23284, 563, 1530, 709, 357, 6286, 1987, 2693, 15589, 8, 318, 257, 13053, 1966, 4708, 4346, 13191, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 37781, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 4851, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 1938, 198, 4851, 12136, 333, 71, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 17735, 6862, 11820, 3281, 912, 544, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 16355, 198, 4851, 12136, 333, 71, 5267, 296, 418, 21862, 8135, 1938, 198, 4851, 30093, 591, 392, 380, 3972, 1938, 198, 4851, 520, 282, 978, 49916, 8135, 1938 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168548	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20Cemetery%20No.%202%20%28Lexington%2C%20Kentucky%29	African Cemetery No. 2 (Lexington, Kentucky)	African Cemetery No. 2, also known as The Cemetery of the Union Benevolent Society No. 2, is a historic burial site located in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Founding and history The first burials occurred on the property as early as the 1820s. The Colored Peoples Union Benevolent Society No. 2 purchased the property for use as a cemetery in 1869. The last burials in the cemetery took place in 1974. In 1889, 300 bodies were moved from the Presbyterian Cemetery on Limestone Street to African Cemetery No. 2 under the supervision of C. O. H. Thomas. In 1973, Lexington city government took control of the cemetery. In 1979, the African Cemetery No. 2, Incorporated was organized to save the cemetery. In June 2003, a Kentucky Historical Highway Marker was placed on the site. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2004. Burials The 7.7 acre (3.1 ha) cemetery contains over 5,000 graves, of which 1,200 are identified with less than 600 being recognized with markers. Military veterans graves total 148, with 112 being U.S. Colored Troops of the American Civil War. About 80 of those veterans trained at nearby Camp Nelson, a Union supply depot and recruitment site. Of Kentucky’s almost 24,000 U.S. Colored Troops, 10,000 trained at Camp Nelson. In addition to Kentucky, states represented among civil war veterans are New York, Massachusetts, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Since 2005, Juneteenth Jubilee has been celebrated annually honoring Civil War veterans. An American flag is placed on each grave and every name is read aloud. Veterans are also interred from the Buffalo Soldiers/Spanish-American War, 12; World War I, 18; and World War II, 4. Clarence Espy was one of the soldiers who served with the 369th Infantry, the regiment which became known as the "Harlem Hell Fighters". Espy, a native of Lexington, was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France's highest military honor. R. C. O. Benjamin, a journalist and an attorney, was murdered on October 2, 1900, during an altercation involving voting rights for African Americans. In 1910, a monument was dedicated at his grave site. Over 150 graves are of those who worked in the equine occupations-trainers, jockeys, foremen, stablehands, and grooms. The range of birthdates, 1842 to 1897, and the dates of death, 1890 to 1932, indicate the prominence of African-Americans in a thriving horse and racing industry. Birthdates before 1866, show the likelihood that eight people were born enslaved. Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame jockey, Isaac Burns Murphy, born 1861, was originally buried in African Cemetery No. 2. Murphy, the first jockey to win three Kentucky Derbys, died February 12, 1896, of pneumonia. In 1967, his remains were moved to the Man o' War gravesite off Russell Cave Road, and were moved again in 1987 to the Kentucky Horse Park. The International Museum of the Horse, located at the Kentucky Horse Park, is collaborating with cemetery volunteers in creation of the Chronicle of African-Americans in the Horse Industry. This interactive educational website tells story of African-Americans and the role they played, and still play, in the horse industry. The museum also has a permanent exhibit, Black Horsemen of the Kentucky Turf, to celebrate the forgotten contributions of African Americans to the horse industry in Kentucky. Some of those featured in the exhibit are interred at the cemetery. A documentary created by the cemetery’s volunteer organization in conjunction with the Lexington Public Library is available at this link. A cemetery map which notes individuals and sections is available here. Restoration On April 4, 2002, volunteers from Canine Solutions International searched, mapped, and studied the physical grounds of the cemetery. The approach to preserving the cemetery grave stones was the subject of a paper by M. Riegerta and A. Turkington. The paper published in Building and Environment discusses the "scientific knowledge of decay processes with conservation theory and the needs of stakeholders". See also African American history Lexington in the American Civil War National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Kentucky Camp Nelson Heritage National Monument List of cemeteries in Kentucky References Notes External links African Cemetery No. 2 web site 1869 establishments in Kentucky African-American cemeteries in Kentucky African-American history of Kentucky Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky National Register of Historic Places in Lexington, Kentucky	[ 43032, 35637, 1400, 13, 362, 11, 635, 1900, 355, 383, 35637, 286, 262, 4479, 36585, 29078, 7023, 1400, 13, 362, 11, 318, 257, 9566, 23867, 2524, 5140, 287, 39540, 11, 11867, 11, 1578, 1829, 13, 198, 198, 37, 9969, 290, 2106, 220, 198, 464, 717, 4356, 8231, 5091, 319, 262, 3119, 355, 1903, 355, 262, 1248, 1238, 82, 13, 220, 383, 1623, 1850, 41770, 4479, 36585, 29078, 7023, 1400, 13, 362, 8155, 262, 3119, 329, 779, 355, 257, 27316, 287, 1248, 3388, 13, 220, 383, 938, 4356, 8231, 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17168582	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ%20Book%20Month	NZ Book Month	NZ Book Month was a non-profit initiative started in 2006, with the goal of increasing readership of New Zealand books. It was a nationwide annual event held in September from 2006 to 2008, in October 2009, March from 2010 to 2013, and August 2014. Activities included speeches by local and international authors, literary and poetry readings, exhibitions, book launches, festivals, children's storytelling, blogging, quizzes, and the distribution of book vouchers. The event ended in 2015 because of a lack of funding. The Six Pack From 2006 to 2008, NZ Book Month ran a national competition calling for any New Zealand writer – published or unpublished – to submit their best piece of new writing (fiction, non-fiction, essay or poetry) for inclusion in The Six Pack; a collectable book that saw the six best pieces of work put together in an annual anthology. Each winner also received $5,000. Five of the winning entries were chosen by a panel of judges and the sixth winner was chosen by New Zealand readers in an online poll. The Six Pack retailed for 6 and thousands of copies were distributed free to libraries and schools all over the country. Winners The 2006 winners were: Brian Turner, poet. Briar Grace-Smith, playwright. Kingi McKinnon. Philippa Swan, landscape artist and journalist. Henry Feltham. Phoebe Wright, high school student. The 2007 winners were: Dave Armstrong, scriptwriter and 2008 writer in residence at Victoria University of Wellington. Charlotte Grimshaw, shortlisted for the 2008 Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award. Jennifer Lane. Faith Oxenbridge. Tracey Slaughter, emerging novelist and poet. Elizabeth Smither, poet, novelist and former Te Mata Estate Poet Laureate. References External links Official New Zealand Book Month website, as archived on 19 January 2019 New Zealand literary awards 2006 establishments in New Zealand 2015 disestablishments in New Zealand Literary festivals in New Zealand	[ 37371, 4897, 16061, 373, 257, 1729, 12, 9183, 10219, 2067, 287, 4793, 11, 351, 262, 3061, 286, 3649, 7183, 1056, 286, 968, 8936, 3835, 13, 632, 373, 257, 13673, 5079, 1785, 2714, 287, 2693, 422, 4793, 284, 3648, 11, 287, 3267, 3717, 11, 2805, 422, 3050, 284, 2211, 11, 290, 2932, 1946, 13, 36270, 3017, 18138, 416, 1957, 290, 3230, 7035, 11, 16716, 290, 19518, 24654, 11, 48130, 11, 1492, 18617, 11, 25575, 11, 1751, 338, 23689, 11, 38310, 11, 48258, 274, 11, 290, 262, 6082, 286, 1492, 41262, 13, 383, 1785, 4444, 287, 1853, 780, 286, 257, 3092, 286, 4918, 13, 198, 198, 464, 9699, 6400, 198, 4863, 4793, 284, 3648, 11, 26905, 4897, 16061, 4966, 257, 2260, 5449, 4585, 329, 597, 968, 8936, 6260, 784, 3199, 393, 42686, 784, 284, 9199, 511, 1266, 3704, 286, 649, 3597, 357, 24046, 11, 1729, 12, 24046, 11, 14268, 393, 19518, 8, 329, 14900, 287, 383, 9699, 6400, 26, 257, 2824, 540, 1492, 326, 2497, 262, 2237, 1266, 5207, 286, 670, 1234, 1978, 287, 281, 5079, 43469, 13, 5501, 8464, 635, 2722, 720, 20, 11, 830, 13, 10579, 286, 262, 5442, 12784, 547, 7147, 416, 257, 6103, 286, 10266, 290, 262, 11695, 8464, 373, 7147, 416, 968, 8936, 7183, 287, 281, 2691, 3278, 13, 383, 9699, 6400, 1005, 6255, 329, 718, 290, 4138, 286, 9088, 547, 9387, 1479, 284, 12782, 290, 4266, 477, 625, 262, 1499, 13, 198, 198, 16643, 2741, 198, 464, 4793, 14591, 547, 25, 198, 8403, 15406, 11, 21810, 13, 198, 25866, 283, 16156, 12, 17919, 11, 711, 29995, 13, 198, 2677, 72, 11888, 45067, 13, 198, 9844, 64, 21491, 11, 10747, 6802, 290, 10099, 13, 198, 8616, 13937, 400, 321, 13, 198, 1380, 2577, 1350, 12206, 11, 1029, 1524, 3710, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4343, 14591, 547, 25, 198, 27984, 21166, 11, 4226, 16002, 290, 3648, 6260, 287, 11566, 379, 12313, 2059, 286, 30597, 13, 220, 198, 24453, 11404, 17525, 32832, 11, 1790, 17935, 329, 262, 3648, 5278, 440, 6, 27136, 4037, 10073, 8362, 11289, 13, 220, 198, 43187, 15016, 13, 198, 45536, 10736, 268, 9458, 13, 198, 2898, 25415, 41148, 11, 11823, 37986, 290, 21810, 13, 220, 198, 43568, 2439, 1555, 11, 21810, 11, 37986, 290, 1966, 1665, 45332, 23015, 7695, 316, 13826, 378, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 28529, 968, 8936, 4897, 16061, 3052, 11, 355, 33962, 319, 678, 3269, 13130, 198, 198, 3791, 8936, 16716, 13304, 198, 13330, 33228, 287, 968, 8936, 198, 4626, 595, 40037, 902, 287, 968, 8936, 198, 43460, 560, 25575, 287, 968, 8936 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168602	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20T.2	Hitachi T.2	The Hitachi T.2 was a trainer aircraft built in Japan in the early 1940s. It was a conventional, single-bay sesquiplane with wings braced by N-struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the undercarriage was of fixed, tailskid type. Specifications References 1940s Japanese civil trainer aircraft Sesquiplanes	[ 198, 198, 464, 7286, 14299, 309, 13, 17, 373, 257, 21997, 6215, 3170, 287, 2869, 287, 262, 1903, 16236, 82, 13, 632, 373, 257, 10224, 11, 2060, 12, 24406, 264, 274, 421, 72, 14382, 351, 12098, 865, 2286, 416, 399, 12, 2536, 5500, 13, 383, 8022, 290, 21187, 3332, 287, 32969, 11, 1280, 7540, 79, 896, 11, 290, 262, 739, 7718, 4087, 373, 286, 5969, 11, 30514, 38439, 2099, 13, 198, 198, 22882, 6637, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 1129, 1821, 82, 4960, 3026, 21997, 6215, 198, 50, 274, 421, 72, 22587 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168610	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20Hungary	CIA activities in Hungary	CIA involvement in Hungary from 1950-1957 and again in 1989 consisted of clandestine intelligence collection, gray psychological operations, and counterintelligence activities. As noted in the book Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, an organization called Radio Free Europe (RFE), was funded at the time by the CIA to broadcast Hungary from at least from 1950 to 1956. However, RFE operated on no directives to foment revolution. Gray psychological operations Hungary 1956 Clandestine intelligence collection CIA had one officer, Geza Katona, in Hungary from 1950 to 1957 period, and for several years that person spent "95 percent" of his time on "cover duties." "He mailed letters, purchased stamps and stationery ...," among other "support tasks," the history noted. At the time of the Revolution in fall 1956, he was preoccupied with official contacts, maintaining diplomatic cover, and doing interviews with Hungarian visitors. CIA was completely surprised by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. A CIA Clandestine Service (CS) report of the events, written in 1958, said "This breath-taking and undreamed-of state of affairs not only caught many Hungarians off-guard, it also caught us off-guard, for which we can hardly be blamed since we had no inside information, little outside information, and could not read the Russians' minds." After the revolt broke out, Katona asked for policy guidance regarding arms and ammunition. On October 28, Headquarters responded, "we must restrict ourselves to information collection only [and] not get involved in anything that would reveal U.S. interest or give cause to claim intervention...it was not permitted to send U.S. weapons in." In fact, the implication in the histories is that transferring arms was never seriously contemplated: "At this date no one had checked precisely on the exact location and nature of U.S. or other weapons available to CIA. This was done finally in early December" of 1956. Did a US-sponsored group play a part in the revolution? From the CS Histories, they did not. "Small psychological warfare and paramilitary units came into being in the early 1950s, (including the Hungarian National Council headed by Bela Varga), and occasional reconnaissance missions took place at that time, the prospects for penetrating into Hungary deteriorated by 1953 when stepped up controls by Hungarian security forces and `the meager talent available' among potential agents made cross-border operations essentially untenable." CS historians observe "The authors sarcastically write that `If we [the CIA] were in no position to act efficiently... the military is, was, and always will be even worse off.' ... in the future the CIA [should] keep the military `at arm's length' and only do what's necessary `to keep them happy.'" "Moscow was also taken by surprise by the Revolution despite the thousands of Soviet soldiers, KGB officers, and Party informants present in Hungary. Rather than understanding the sources of the discontent, it was easier for Soviet operatives and even the leadership to cast woefully misdirected blame on the CIA for the unrest. Kliment Voroshilov remarked at the October 28 Presidium session: `The American Secret Services are more active in Hungary than Comrades Suslov and Mikoyan are,' referring to the two Party leaders sent to Budapest to negotiate a modus vivendi with the new Nagy government. At that moment, the two Soviet Presidium had more active members in Budapest outnumbering the single CIA case officer there." After a few days of independence, the Soviet Union moved in with massive force, crushed the revolution, and later executed the Communist but rebel head of government, Imre Nagy, and the head of the military, Pal Maleter. Gray psychological operations In contradiction to the above account, Weiner's book asserts that during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 There was a massive increase in CIA-controlled Radio Free Europe broadcasts directed toward Hungary, supporting the revolutionaries, encouraging violent resistance against the occupying Soviet troops. Radio Free Europe attacked Imre Nagy, the head of the National Government brought to power by the revolution, as a Soviet ally and favored Cardinal József Mindszenty as the new leader of Hungary. The CIA amplified and rebroadcast low-wattage radio transmissions from Hungarian fighters back into Hungary. The CIA disputes this account, stating in a review of Weiner's book that "There is sloppy scholarship at the very least in the recounting of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, which in Weiner’s hands becomes a tragicomedy, with Frank Wisner ordering Radio Free Europe (RFE) to incite violence against the communist regime and against invading Soviet troops—only to see the uprising crushed. One of Weiner’s major sources for his assertion of CIA’s culpability is an RFE New York memo, allegedly the result of Wisner’s “exhortations” to violence, telling the radio’s Hungarian staff in Munich that “All restraints have gone off. No holds barred.” It’s a significant problem for Weiner’s thesis that Wisner in 1956 actually had no direct involvement in RFE and that the memo was produced after the uprising was effectively over and dealt with rhetoric, not violence. "Weiner also points to an RFE broadcast that predicted the United States would come to the aid of Hungarian freedom fighters, without acknowledging that the broadcaster was doing a press review after the Soviet invasion and was quoting—by name—a London Observer editorial, and that even so this was a violation of RFE policy, or that this was the sole example of an implicit hint of assistance in two weeks of continuous broadcasting to Hungary. The idea that RFE was fomenting violence at the behest of Frank Wisner is not supported either by Weiner’s sources or by other sources he failed to cite." Hungary 1989 Counterintelligence Edward Lee Howard, one of the most damaging CIA defectors, was expelled from Hungary at US request. Howard, a fugitive from the FBI, was expelled over protests by the KGB. "We asked them to expel him and they did it," said a United States official. "There was no quid pro quo." Director of Central Intelligence William Webster said, in a speech at the National Press Club about changes in relations between the US and Eastern Europe, "I can think of one instance, and I'll not mention a name because it may be classified, in which a prominent defector from the United States was finally permanently expelled from a bloc country which had provided him comfort and sanctuary. And that would have been contrary to the wishes of the K.G.B. So we are seeing some indications of independence." References Politics of Hungary Hungary Hungary–United States relations Hungary	[ 49732, 9750, 287, 19562, 422, 11445, 12, 1129, 3553, 290, 757, 287, 11104, 19954, 286, 39903, 4430, 4947, 11, 12768, 10590, 4560, 11, 290, 3753, 32683, 4568, 13, 220, 1081, 4367, 287, 262, 1492, 32250, 10204, 25, 383, 10250, 1810, 41337, 286, 8829, 3232, 2031, 290, 8829, 14734, 11, 281, 4009, 1444, 8829, 3232, 2031, 357, 49, 15112, 828, 373, 10588, 379, 262, 640, 416, 262, 7688, 284, 7025, 19562, 422, 379, 1551, 422, 11445, 284, 25190, 13, 220, 2102, 11, 371, 15112, 12228, 319, 645, 34819, 284, 277, 296, 298, 5854, 13, 198, 198, 46130, 10590, 4560, 198, 198, 39505, 560, 25190, 198, 198, 34, 1044, 27374, 4430, 4947, 198, 49732, 550, 530, 3818, 11, 2269, 4496, 8595, 4450, 11, 287, 19562, 220, 422, 11445, 284, 25177, 2278, 11, 290, 329, 1811, 812, 326, 1048, 3377, 366, 3865, 1411, 1, 286, 465, 640, 319, 366, 9631, 10741, 526, 366, 1544, 37789, 7475, 11, 8155, 25560, 290, 4429, 1924, 2644, 553, 1871, 584, 366, 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17168623	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama%C3%B1o%20Sound	Caamaño Sound	Caamaño Sound () is a sound on the coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It extends east from Hecate Strait. Princess Royal Island, Rennison Island, and Aristazabal Island lie to the south of the sound. Several islands lie to the north, including Campania Island and the Estevan Group of islands. Caamaño Sound connects with various waterways including Estevan Sound, Campania Sound, Nepean Sound and Laredo Channel. Caamaño Sound was named in 1908 by Captain Learmonth of HMS Egeria, for Jacinto Caamaño, who explored the region in command of the Spanish corvette Aranzazu. See also Caamaño Passage, another body of water in British Columbia that is named for Jacinto Caamaño References Sounds of British Columbia North Coast of British Columbia	[ 24334, 1689, 31329, 9506, 7499, 318, 257, 2128, 319, 262, 7051, 286, 262, 5398, 8473, 286, 3517, 9309, 13, 632, 14582, 7627, 422, 679, 66, 378, 41407, 13, 8449, 8111, 5451, 11, 371, 1697, 1653, 5451, 11, 290, 23203, 1031, 44349, 5451, 6486, 284, 262, 5366, 286, 262, 2128, 13, 12168, 14807, 6486, 284, 262, 5093, 11, 1390, 5425, 5411, 5451, 290, 262, 10062, 1990, 272, 4912, 286, 14807, 13, 6488, 1689, 31329, 9506, 20417, 351, 2972, 47518, 1390, 10062, 1990, 272, 9506, 11, 5425, 5411, 9506, 11, 3169, 431, 272, 9506, 290, 406, 1144, 78, 11102, 13, 198, 198, 24334, 1689, 31329, 9506, 373, 3706, 287, 40417, 416, 8599, 8010, 8424, 286, 44247, 412, 1362, 544, 11, 329, 8445, 20424, 6488, 1689, 31329, 11, 508, 18782, 262, 3814, 287, 3141, 286, 262, 7897, 1162, 33573, 943, 35410, 1031, 84, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 24334, 1689, 31329, 46169, 11, 1194, 1767, 286, 1660, 287, 3517, 9309, 326, 318, 3706, 329, 8445, 20424, 6488, 1689, 31329, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 40825, 286, 3517, 9309, 198, 14157, 8545, 286, 3517, 9309 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168640	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union	CIA activities in the Soviet Union	With Europe stabilizing along the Iron Curtain, the CIA attempted to limit the spread of Soviet influence elsewhere around the world. Much of the basic model came from George Kennan's "containment" strategy from 1947, a foundation of US policy for decades. Soviet Union 1950 Intelligence analysis In December 1950, with the Korean War in progress, National Intelligence Estimate 15 was issued: "Probable Soviet Moves to Exploit the Present Situation". It began with the estimate that "USSR-Satellite treatment of Korean developments, k, indicates that they assess their current military and political position as one of great strength in comparison with that of the West, and that they propose to exploit the apparent conviction of the West of its own present weakness." At this time, there was no assumption that China and the USSR would differ on any policy "Moscow, seconded by Peiping with regard to the Far East, has disclosed through a series of authoritative statements that it aims to achieve certain gains in the present situation: a. Withdrawal of UN forces from Korea and of the Seventh Fleet from Formosan waters. b. Establishment of Communist China as the predominant power in the Far East, including the seating of Communist China in the United Nations. c.Reduction of Western control over Japan as a step toward its eventual elimination. d. Prevention of West German rearmament. It can be anticipated that irrespective of any Western moves looking toward negotiations, assuming virtual Western surrender is not involved, the Kremlin plans a continuation of Chinese Communist pressure in Korea until the military defeat of the UN is complete. A determined and successful stand by UN forces in Korea would, of course, require a Soviet re-estimate of the situation. Such a stand did take place, and the war ended in a stalemate. The scope of Soviet bloc preparations and the nature and extent of Soviet Communist official statements and propaganda raise the' question of Soviet or Satellite moves in other areas. The points that appear most critical are Berlin and Germany, Indochina, Yugoslavia, and Iran. Regarding what was to become Vietnam: An intensification of Communist efforts to secure Indochina is to be expected, regardless of development elsewhere. The Viet Minh has clearly indicated that its objective is to drive the French from Indochina at the earliest possible date. The Chinese Communists have at the same time repeatedly expressed their support of the Viet Minh. They have, moreover, officially claimed that Western resistance to the Viet Mmli is directed against Chinese Communist security. The Chinese Communists are already furnishing the Viet Minh with material, training, and technical assistance. If this assistance proves inadequate to enable the Viet Minh to accomplish its objectives, it is estimated that it will be supplemented, as necessary, by the introduction of Chinese Communist forces into the conflict, possibly as "volunteers." The extent of this Chinese Communist intervention, and whether it takes overt form, will probably depend on the degree of outside assistance furnished the French and the extent of Chinese Communist commitments elsewhere. Soviet Union 1952 In operation HTLINGUAL, the CIA intercepts mail from the U.S. to the Soviet Union, from 1952 to 1973. See also Family Jewels (Central Intelligence Agency). Soviet Union 1953 Intelligence analysis A March 1953 report on what was known about the Soviet bloc bluntly said that the level of confidence ranged greatly; some things were known with firmness and accuracy, while other information ranged from inadequate to nonexistent. In particular, "We have no reliable inside intelligence on the thinking inside the Kremlin." Balancing this was high confidence on the information about the Soviet Navy. Current intelligence, supporting military operations in Korea was considered excellent. There was reasonable confidence in knowing the size of the Soviet fission bomb inventory, but much less confidence about estimates of the biological and chemical warfare capabilities. The report observed, however, that a good deal of information could be derived from knowledge of Soviet science in disciplines that supported biological and chemical warfare. Concern was expressed about knowledge of their progress of their thermonuclear weapon development program Joe-4, their first test, took place in August of the same year and their rate of uranium 235 production. While the CIA was confident on its knowledge of Soviet electronic warfare capabilities, there were gaps in the knowledge about the electronic order of battle in the Soviet air defense network. Information on missiles was also weak, and some was simply extrapolation of German technology the Soviets were known to have captured. As far as economic intelligence, the highest confidence was in basic industry output, as with metals, petroleum and transportation. It was observed that Soviet official announcements in these areas tended to be true. Data on agriculture and highly technical industries was weak. With respect to parts of the Soviet Bloc, the information on East Germany was thought best, fair on Poland, and worst on China. Military intelligence was good on land and sea forces, but there were gaps in coverage of air capabilities. Knowledge of their strategic intentions was "practically nonexistent", and not thought likely to improve. Soviet Union 1954 Intelligence analysis While the 1953 survey said that there was little knowledge about thinking inside the Kremlin, a 1954 NIE on soviet strategy stated substantial confidence in the stability of the Soviet government under its new leadership Joseph Stalin had died in March 1953. China was described as more of an ally than a satellite. Economic growth was seen to be slowing, with agriculture the weakest component. The overall size of the military was expected to stay the same, but to improve in efficiency with greater numbers of nuclear weapons, missiles, and jet aircraft. The level of training, especially for strategic mobility, was considered weak. It was expected that both the Soviets and Chinese would avoid general war, unless critical interests were at stake. They will, however, put great emphasis on weakening and destabilizing non-Communist nations, and reducing those states' commitment to the West. Slowing German and Japanese rearmament is a priority, while they rearm the satellites. They will consider supporting anticolonialist and nationalist movements. The Intelligence Community believes their area of greatest interest will be Southeast Asia, although they probably will not insert Chinese Communist regular troops. Covert action The US considered Guatemala, and the coup there, an important proxy engagement with the Soviet Union. CIA has declassified 5210 documents on Guatemala, which will need considerable analysis to understand how it fitted with the Cold War. Gen. James Doolittle did an extensive report on covert actions, specifically for President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The report's first recommendation dealt with personnel. It recommended releasing a large number of current staff that could never be more than mediocre, aggressively recruit new staff with an overall goal of increasing the workforce, and intensify training, with 10% of the covert staff time spent in training. The Director should be nonpolitical. Counterintelligence Security was the next concern, starting with a drive to reduce interim and provisional security clearances. The report strongly endorsed use of the polygraph both for initial recruits and existing staff. Counterespionage needed to be strengthened, and field stations needed both to report on their staff and periodically be inspected. Consolidating the Washington workforce, which was scattered among buildings, into one or a few main buildings was seen as a way of improving the security of classified information. Management, coordination and oversight Coordination in the intelligence community was seen as a problem, with one of the highest priorities being establishing clear understandings between CIA and military intelligence organizations. The overall IC program for eliciting information from defectors needed improvement, with contributions from multiple agencies. In general, information sharing in the IC needed to improve. As far as organization and management, the report described the structure of the Directorate of Plans (i.e., the clandestine service) as too complex and in need of simplification. The Inspector General needed an agency-wide mandate. The role of the Operations Coordinating Board, the covert and clandestine oversight staff of the National Security Council needed to be strengthened, with operations clearly approved and guided from the highest levels of government. The report addressed the classic problem of increasing performance while reducing costs. This meant better review of the budgets of covert and clandestine activities by a Review Board, except for the most sensitive operations. It meant providing the Comptroller with enough information, even if sanitized, to do a thorough job. Soviet Union 1956 Clandestine intelligence collection The Soviets put down a revolution in Hungary, using considerable force. There was one CIA case officer in Hungary, which greatly limited collection capability. The U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, codenamed AQUATONE, began overflights of the Soviet Union. Soviet Union 1958 Intelligence estimate Following the Hungarian Revolution in 1956, the USSR put increased pressure on its satellite countries, and made it clear to the West that it did not want interference. This 1958 estimate by the IC, under CIA, explored the US understanding of the Soviet policy and actions. Soviet Union 1959 Clandestine intelligence collection GRU officer Dmitri Polyakov walked in to offer his services to the US. He transmitted information to the US until his retirement, as a Soviet general in 1980, although he was compromised in 1986, probably by Aldrich Ames, and executed in 1988. Intelligence estimation and clandestine collection A November 1959 NIE, with the benefit of U-2 imagery, identified Soviet ground-to-ground missile capabilities from 75 nmi to intercontinental range. The ICBM, with a CEP of 3 nmi, was expected to reach operational status in January 1960. Soviet Union 1960 Covert action 1960 (history) On the covert action front, a 1969 memorandum requesting 303 committee support of a covert action program against the Soviet Union. It is first mentioned here because it gives historical background of earlier activities A request for additional funding for covert action, written in 1969 (see below), reviewed prior covert action in the Soviet Union. In accordance with a previous authorization, NSC 5502/1, as revalidated on 10 November 1960, CIA sponsors a covert action program which supports media3 and contact activities aimed at stimulating and sustaining pressures for liberalization and evolutionary change from within the Soviet Union. 1960 U-2 incident (clandestine intelligence collection) On May 1, 1960, a U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, operated by the CIA was shot down over the USSR, and its pilot, Francis Gary Powers, captured. At first, the CIA claimed it was a lost weather plane. In speaking with President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Director of Central Intelligence Allen W. Dulles said that Powers, the U-2 pilot, had been with CIA four years and before that had been with the Air Force for six years. He had been selected for this mission because of his knowledge of Arctic navigation. The President said that when reconnaissance over-flights had been explained to him, he had been told that the pilots on such flights were taught to destroy the plane rather than to let it fall into Soviet hands. The President believed that the blunder of our first statement...[assumed] the plane was destroyed, Accordingly, we thought the story that a NASA weather reconnaissance plane was missing was a good cover story. Later in May, the President met with Congressional leaders. During that breakfast discussion, he said, that intelligence and espionage were distasteful for many Americans, but that he as President ... had to make decisions based on what was right for the United States concerning the fundamental intelligence knowledge that we had to have...Nevertheless, the President has to accept responsibility for these decisions and also keep the knowledge of such activities in the fewest possible hands. Only a few people in State, Defense and CIA knew of this... The President said that he was responsible for the directive for the U-2... "There is no glory in this business," he said. "If it is successful, it can't be told." Eisenhower expressed concern that Congress "would try to dig into the interior of the CIA and its covert operation. Such attempt would be harmful to the United States and he was sure that the leaders of the Congress would realize this. He repeated that the Administration people would cooperate with the inquiry--he called it "investigation" several times. Senator Mike Mansfield asked "What would the President think if there were to be established in the Congress a joint Congressional Committee which would oversee the activities of the CIA?" Eisenhower objected that the operation of the CIA was so delicate and so secret in many cases that it must be kept under cover, and that the Executive must be held responsible for it. He said that he would agree to some bipartisan group going down occasionally and receiving reports from the CIA on their activities, but that he would hate to see it formalized--indeed would be against the proposal made by Senator Mansfield. Senator Richard B. Russell "said that they do have a Congressional group that periodically went over reports. He said that they knew the U-2 planes were under construction a long time ago. The Senator added that he was not afraid of the Senators on security matters but that he was afraid of staff leaks." Charles E. Bohlen, special assistant to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles asked Menshikov about Soviet policy toward Cuba, with the response "he had said to Senator Fulbright that Senator Johnson's statement about a submarine base was completely out of this world and provocative; the Soviet Union had no intention of establishing bases or any military arrangements in Cuba." Soviet Union 1967 In Operation Acoustic Kitty, the CIA attempted to eavesdrop on men in a park outside the Soviet embassy in Washington with a $20,000,000 cat. The fate of the cat remains disputed. Soviet Union 1969 Authorization of covert action A request for additional funding for covert action reviewed prior covert action in the Soviet Union. It asked for 303 Committee approval of continuation of the covert action program "directed primarily at the Soviet intelligentsia and reaffirm the approval it has given in the past to the program generally and the individual projects specifically." The proposal mentioned "the program supports media and contact activities aimed at stimulating and sustaining pressures for liberalization and evolutionary change from within the Soviet Union." Media activities were approved separately, and executed by Radio Liberty Committee and Free Europe, Inc., were approved by higher authority on 22 February 1969 and outside this request's scope. The Radio Liberty Committee, successor organization to the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism, is composed of three major divisions: Radio Liberty which broadcasts via short wave to the Soviet Union 24 hours a day in 18 languages a book publication and distribution program designed to provide Soviet citizens with books not normally accessible to the Soviet public; [material not declassified] which produces research papers and publications targeted at the developing countries in Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. [material not declassified] The total cost of this program is $766,000. The program as a whole was discussed with and endorsed by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Swank and Soviet Union Country Director Dubs on 21 October and 6 November 1969. The individual projects had been approved by the 303 Committee in 1967 and 1968. An alternative approach was stated Soviet Union 1974 Project Azorian (previously believed to be code named Jennifer (clandestine intelligence collection)) Project Azorian was a clandestine technical collection operation to salvage the sunken Russian sub K-129. The purpose built ship, the Glomar Explorer, employed a custom designed "capture vehicle" to grasp the submarine. During the subsequent lift to the surface, the submarine broke apart due to a failure in the capture vehicle arms. The hoped-for complete recovery did not happen, but a 38-foot forward section was brought into the Glomar Explorer moon pool. The fact that the US was able to show the Russians the at-sea burial of K-129 sailors clearly indicated the US recovered, at least, bodies in this forward section. Given the bodies were recovered, it is a reasonable assumption that other objects were recovered as well from the forward section. A follow-up mission (Project Matador) was aborted due to disclosure of the mission by US news sources. Soviet Union 1975 Review of Soviet space systems (intelligence analysis) Certain Soviet space programs are important to the overall Soviet system. The systems fall into three classes: Scientific and national prestige Economic benefit Military and intelligence. 75% of Soviet satellites have been dedicated to missions including intelligence collection, geodesy, communications relay, weather and radar calibration. They have also developed an anti-satellite weapon Soviet dependence on system has to be evaluated in terms of: Dependence: systems for which there is no substantial alternative that is not space-based, and also perform critical functions Degradation: space systems that have no terrestrial alternative, but whose functions are important, but not critical to the overall Soviet Union Current development priorities include ocean surveillance and missile launch detection. Communications satellites are expected to become critical after 1985. The Soviets depend on these. Space systems that can degrade include photographic imaging and satellite interception. These will become increasingly critical. Radar calibration satellites are essential if the Soviets deploy and need to test an anti-ballistic missile defense system. It was estimated that even though they have a satellite interceptor, they will generally practice a non-interference policy toward other nations' satellites Soviet Union 1981 Intelligence analysis It was the judgment of CIA and the IC that the Soviets were deeply committed to "revolutionary violence worldwide". They see this as a basic part of destabilizing their adversaries. The USSR has different policies toward different groups, depending on the goals of the groups, their methods, and presumably their security. Terrorist tactics, per se, do not offend Soviet scruples. The Soviets simply determine if those tactics are helpful or harmful to Soviet objectives. Not all groups accept Soviet control, and the Soviets deal with this on a case-by-case basis. There is compelling evidence that the Soviets have sponsored a number of revolutionary and separatist-irredentist groups, especially in El Salvador, where they directly delivered arms. Soviet operations in this area are under the direction of the International Department organization of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, not the security organs (i.e., KGB) or military. The International Department, however, tasks the KGB, GRU, and 10th Department of the General Staff to provide training and other support. They also use proxies, in the form of allies such as Libya, South Yemen, and Cuba, which directly support revolutionary groups. The policy of the Soviet Union toward nihilistic terrorist groups remains unclear. There is some evidence of Soviet support, but not coordination of activities. At times, they have labeled certain of these groups "criminal", and counseled other groups to shun them. There is no possibility the Soviet Union could be persuaded to join with the West in a comprehensive antiterrorist program. It was emphasized that revolutionary violence, in the Third World, is not synonymous with terrorism, and that violent revolution would be an issue with which the United States will have to deal for the indefinite future. Counterintelligence (offensive) The Farewell Dossier in 1981 revealed massive Soviet espionage on Western technology. A successful counter-espionage program was created which involved giving defective technologies to Soviet agents. Soviet Union 1984 The Cooperative Research Project website gives a photo of Casey touring Afghanistan and cites Steve Coll's 7/19/1992 Washington Post article asserting that "Casey wanted to ship subversive propaganda through Afghanistan to the Soviet Union's predominantly Muslim southern republics." In the case of Uzbekistan, one example of this propaganda was to have the Qu'ran translated into Uzbek. This was the idea of then CIA director William Casey, who believed that spreading Islam in Uzbekistan would become a problem for the USSR. Pakistani General Mohammad Yousaf quoted him as saying "We should take the books and try to raise the local population against them, and you can also think of sending arms and ammunition if possible." Although no other sources exist for this quote, Steve Coll points not only to Qur'an translation and anti-Russian propaganda, but also Casey's work to establish cooperation between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Soviet Union 1985 Covert action (paramilitary) While the actual document has not been declassified, National Security Decision Directive 166 of 27 March 1985, "US Policy, Programs and Strategy in Afghanistan" defined a US policy of using established the US goal of driving to drive Soviet forces from Afghanistan "by all means available". Initially, this involved close cooperation with Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence to assist mujahideen groups and in planning operations inside Afghanistan. Indeed, it was evident to residents in Islamabad and Peshawar in the 1980s that large numbers of Americans were present and involved in mysterious activities. This created linkages among hardened Muslim fighters worldwide. At first, the US supported the effort cautiously, concerned that the Soviet Union would act against Pakistan. "Some time into the war, however, the US began to take a much more overt position and US supplied technology played a key role in defeating the Soviet war machine in Afghanistan. References Politics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union–United States relations Soviet Union Soviet Union Espionage in the Soviet Union	[ 3152, 2031, 14349, 2890, 1863, 262, 7931, 4424, 3153, 11, 262, 7688, 7482, 284, 4179, 262, 4104, 286, 7570, 4588, 8057, 1088, 262, 995, 13, 13111, 286, 262, 4096, 2746, 1625, 422, 4502, 7158, 272, 338, 366, 3642, 37091, 1, 4811, 422, 21709, 11, 257, 8489, 286, 1294, 2450, 329, 4647, 13, 198, 198, 40408, 4479, 11445, 198, 198, 5317, 3480, 3781, 198, 818, 3426, 11445, 11, 351, 262, 6983, 1810, 287, 4371, 11, 2351, 9345, 10062, 1920, 1315, 373, 4884, 25, 366, 2964, 33460, 7570, 38213, 284, 5905, 30711, 262, 21662, 49465, 1911, 198, 1026, 2540, 351, 262, 8636, 326, 366, 2937, 12562, 12, 50, 26493, 3513, 286, 6983, 13312, 11, 479, 11, 220, 9217, 326, 484, 4659, 511, 1459, 2422, 290, 1964, 2292, 355, 530, 286, 1049, 4202, 287, 7208, 351, 326, 286, 262, 2688, 11, 290, 326, 484, 18077, 284, 14561, 262, 4156, 11375, 286, 262, 2688, 286, 663, 898, 1944, 10453, 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17168648	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinza	Kinza	was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned gold monopoly or gold guild (za) which was created in 1595. Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted gold coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of gold. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the minting of gold coins and for superintending all gold mines, gold mining and gold-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Ginza – Silver za (monopoly office or guild). Dōza – Copper za (monopoly office or guild). Shuza – Cinnabar za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Gold standard Economy of feudal Japan Guilds in Japan Metals monopolies 1595 establishments in Japan	[ 9776, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 338, 8720, 30572, 3869, 22036, 393, 3869, 19806, 357, 4496, 8, 543, 373, 2727, 287, 1315, 3865, 13, 198, 40443, 11, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 373, 4609, 287, 840, 870, 257, 6414, 1988, 287, 21043, 276, 3869, 10796, 26, 290, 428, 2957, 284, 262, 11067, 761, 329, 11969, 284, 262, 5127, 286, 3869, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 275, 461, 3046, 84, 3670, 21079, 257, 11344, 4086, 351, 5798, 329, 29745, 1710, 262, 21043, 278, 286, 3869, 10796, 290, 329, 2208, 600, 1571, 477, 3869, 18446, 11, 3869, 9691, 290, 3869, 12, 2302, 7861, 4568, 287, 2869, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 15217, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 15201, 12, 25456, 88, 13090, 198, 21444, 4496, 784, 7698, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 360, 13090, 4496, 784, 27157, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 32344, 4496, 784, 327, 3732, 397, 283, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 8, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 4789, 11, 1757, 370, 13, 357, 1129, 2816, 737, 11818, 7487, 6762, 896, 45284, 11, 1596, 1129, 1906, 1558, 3459, 25, 4558, 16737, 286, 12495, 2869, 13, 220, 14457, 25, 11131, 2059, 4332, 13, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 604, 29228, 2481, 198, 449, 33807, 11, 1526, 3754, 347, 13, 357, 21908, 737, 14019, 14330, 287, 2869, 13, 14457, 25, 14457, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 46588, 3720, 1507, 5607, 198, 3059, 8432, 68, 11, 16322, 8760, 13, 357, 11024, 737, 43457, 42678, 25, 12189, 12, 8081, 1741, 11, 9601, 3928, 602, 11, 290, 262, 3738, 20473, 35894, 3854, 287, 2869, 13, 220, 13643, 25, 13643, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 2026, 36189, 23, 20986, 198, 198, 28848, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 25883, 286, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 198, 13306, 3210, 198, 28489, 88, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 38, 3547, 82, 287, 2869, 198, 9171, 874, 30797, 444, 198, 1314, 3865, 33228, 287, 2869 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168661	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Polo	Roberto Polo	Roberto Polo Guete (born December 21, 1980) is a Colombian football striker. He currently is a free agent. After coming out of almost nowhere and having a great season with Equidad has recently got him a call up for a friendly game against Venezuela on April 30 of 2008. He played the whole game and scored in only 10 minutes into his debut. External links Roberto Polo at BDFA.com.ar 1980 births Living people Footballers from Barranquilla Colombian men's footballers Colombia men's international footballers Categoría Primera A players Unión Magdalena footballers Brujas F.C. players Cortuluá footballers Deportivo Azogues footballers La Equidad footballers Cúcuta Deportivo footballers Águilas Doradas Rionegro players Llaneros F.C. players Colombian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador Expatriate men's footballers in Costa Rica Men's association football forwards 21st-century Colombian people	[ 15924, 1462, 49341, 1962, 14471, 357, 6286, 3426, 2310, 11, 7169, 8, 318, 257, 40351, 4346, 19099, 13, 679, 3058, 318, 257, 1479, 5797, 13, 198, 198, 3260, 2406, 503, 286, 2048, 12062, 290, 1719, 257, 1049, 1622, 351, 7889, 32482, 468, 2904, 1392, 683, 257, 869, 510, 329, 257, 8030, 983, 1028, 16666, 319, 3035, 1542, 286, 3648, 13, 679, 2826, 262, 2187, 983, 290, 7781, 287, 691, 838, 2431, 656, 465, 8886, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 32076, 49341, 379, 28023, 7708, 13, 785, 13, 283, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 23664, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 2409, 2596, 421, 5049, 198, 5216, 2381, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 5216, 2381, 544, 1450, 338, 3230, 4346, 364, 198, 34, 47467, 29690, 11460, 8607, 317, 1938, 198, 3118, 72, 18840, 2944, 31748, 8107, 4346, 364, 198, 33, 622, 28121, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 34, 419, 15712, 6557, 4346, 364, 198, 12156, 419, 23593, 7578, 519, 947, 4346, 364, 198, 14772, 7889, 32482, 4346, 364, 198, 34, 21356, 8968, 64, 2129, 419, 23593, 4346, 364, 198, 127, 223, 5162, 346, 292, 12528, 38768, 371, 295, 1533, 305, 1938, 198, 43, 9620, 27498, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 5216, 2381, 666, 1033, 26646, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 25794, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 18133, 31656, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 22052, 198, 2481, 301, 12, 14792, 40351, 661 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168663	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy%20Konyushenko	Andriy Konyushenko	Andriy Konyushenko (born 2 April 1977) is a Ukrainian former professional football defender. He was acquired from Zorya Luhansk during the 2008–09 summer transfer season. External links Official Website Profile 1977 births Living people Ukrainian men's footballers Ukrainian Premier League players Ukrainian First League players Ukrainian Second League players SSSOR-Metalurh Zaporizhzhia players FC Obolon Kyiv players FC Metalurh Zaporizhzhia players FC Metalurh-2 Zaporizhzhia players FC Shakhtar Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk players FC Mariupol players FC Illichivets-2 Mariupol players FC Metalist Kharkiv players FC Volyn Lutsk players FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Poltava players Men's association football defenders Footballers from Kyiv	[ 1870, 380, 88, 509, 1647, 385, 30161, 357, 6286, 362, 3035, 15589, 8, 318, 257, 13053, 1966, 4708, 4346, 13191, 13, 679, 373, 9477, 422, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 1141, 262, 3648, 1906, 2931, 3931, 4351, 1622, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 628, 15934, 15887, 13118, 198, 198, 37781, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 9952, 4041, 1938, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 3274, 4041, 1938, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 5498, 4041, 1938, 198, 5432, 50, 1581, 12, 36790, 333, 71, 1168, 12687, 528, 71, 23548, 544, 1938, 198, 4851, 1835, 43645, 11118, 452, 1938, 198, 4851, 12136, 333, 71, 1168, 12687, 528, 71, 23548, 544, 1938, 198, 4851, 12136, 333, 71, 12, 17, 1168, 12687, 528, 71, 23548, 544, 1938, 198, 4851, 35274, 38672, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 35274, 38672, 12, 17, 31819, 1938, 198, 4851, 29423, 929, 349, 1938, 198, 4851, 5821, 488, 425, 912, 12, 17, 29423, 929, 349, 1938, 198, 4851, 12136, 396, 5311, 668, 452, 1938, 198, 4851, 569, 34742, 406, 5500, 74, 1938, 198, 4851, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 1938, 198, 4851, 2165, 83, 4170, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 16355, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 11118, 452 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168666	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukimi%20Nagano	Yukimi Nagano	Yukimi Eleanora Nagano (born 31 January 1982) is a Swedish-Japanese singer and songwriter. She is the vocalist for the Swedish electronic group Little Dragon. Career Early career Nagano first made a record at the age of 18 with Andreas Saag (Swell Session). She then worked with Swedish nu jazz duo Koop on the songs "Summer Sun" and "Bright Nights" (both from 2001's Waltz for Koop) and joined the duo on tour, which she says "opened a lot of doors for me both life and collaboration wise". She collaborated with Koop again on "Come to Me", "I See a Different You", and "Whenever There Is You" for the 2006 release Koop Islands. Nagano also contributed significant vocal work to the 2004 album Moving On by Hird, including the song "Keep You Kimi" and the title track "Moving On". Little Dragon Nagano is the vocalist of Gothenburg-based electronic band Little Dragon, which she established with her close high school friends Erik Bodin (drums) and Fredrik Wallin (bass) in 1996 while they were in high school. Håkan Wirenstrand (keyboards) joined the group later. Nagano and her bandmates each applied to music college but were denied entrance, and instead continued to make music together while working side jobs. In 2007, Little Dragon released their first single, "Twice", which led to the group being signed to the record label Peacefrog Records. The band released their self-titled debut album on September 3, 2007, to favorable reception. This was followed by Machine Dreams in 2009. Little Dragon was featured in Gorillaz's 2010 album Plastic Beach on the songs "Empire Ants" and "To Binge", both of which Nagano co-wrote, and she performed in the "Escape to Plastic Beach Tour" the same year. Little Dragon's third studio album, Ritual Union, was released in July 2011 and the band went on tour in North America, Europe, and Australia. The band's fourth studio album, Nabuma Rubberband, was released in May 2014 in the United Kingdom via Because Music and in the United States via Loma Vista Recordings. It received a nomination for Best Dance/Electronic Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. The album was supported by tours in Europe and North America. In 2015, Nagano was featured, along with Little Dragon, on electronic music duo ODESZA's 2015 single "Light". Also in 2015, Nagano and Little Dragon were featured on Mac Miller's GO:OD AM album on the last track titled "The Festival". In 2016, Little Dragon collaborated with De La Soul on the track "Drawn" and a music video for the song was released in 2017. Season High, Little Dragon's fifth studio album, was also released in 2017. Other work She and Erik Bodin have played live with fellow Gothenburg artist, José González. In 2011, Nagano was featured on SBTRKT's eponymous debut album with her vocals on the song "Wildfire". She is also featured on Raphael Saadiq's 2011 album Stone Rollin' on the song "Just Don't". She also provided vocals for "Scale It Back" on DJ Shadow's 2011 album The Less You Know, the Better and for "Descending", "Higher Res", and "Thom Pettie" from Big Boi's 2012 album Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors. Nagano additionally co-wrote "Mama Told Me" and sang on the song's original version. Personal life Nagano was born and raised in Gothenburg, Sweden, to Japanese father Yusuke Nagano and Swedish-American mother Joanne Brown. She has a son, Jaxon, who was born in 2016. Nagano's sister is the musician Sandra Sumie Nagano, whose eponymous album was released by Bella Union in December 2013. References External links – official site 1982 births English-language singers from Sweden Living people Musicians from Gothenburg Swedish electronic musicians Swedish women singer-songwriters Swedish singer-songwriters Swedish people of American descent Swedish people of Japanese descent Swedish women in electronic music 21st-century Swedish singers 21st-century Swedish women singers Chill-out musicians	[ 56, 2724, 25236, 412, 13087, 5799, 15196, 5733, 357, 6286, 3261, 3269, 14489, 8, 318, 257, 14023, 12, 25324, 14015, 290, 3496, 16002, 13, 1375, 318, 262, 12435, 396, 329, 262, 14023, 7914, 1448, 7703, 2851, 13, 198, 198, 17784, 263, 198, 198, 20457, 3451, 198, 198, 45, 363, 5733, 717, 925, 257, 1700, 379, 262, 2479, 286, 1248, 351, 33728, 10318, 363, 357, 50, 4053, 23575, 737, 1375, 788, 3111, 351, 14023, 14364, 21274, 18545, 509, 11224, 319, 262, 7259, 366, 33560, 3825, 1, 290, 366, 41267, 27760, 1, 357, 16885, 422, 5878, 338, 18935, 89, 329, 509, 11224, 8, 290, 5399, 262, 18545, 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17168677	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiec%20Basin	Turiec Basin	The Turiec Basin (; ; ; ) is located in the northern part of central Slovakia, within the Fatra-Tatra Area of the Inner Western Carpathians. The basin is delimited by the mountain ranges of Veľká Fatra to the east, Malá Fatra to the west and north, as well as Žiar and Kremnica Mountains to the south. The Turiec River flows through the entire basin and inflows into Váh near Vrútky. The largest towns are Martin, Vrútky (both part of the Martin District) and Turčianske Teplice (part of the Turčianske Teplice District). Landforms of Slovakia Western Carpathians Váh basin	[ 464, 3831, 494, 66, 32666, 357, 26, 2162, 2162, 1267, 220, 318, 5140, 287, 262, 7840, 636, 286, 4318, 36839, 11, 1626, 262, 12301, 430, 12, 51, 26066, 9498, 286, 262, 24877, 4885, 1879, 6978, 1547, 13, 198, 198, 464, 34164, 318, 46728, 863, 416, 262, 8598, 16069, 286, 8016, 128, 122, 74, 6557, 12301, 430, 284, 262, 7627, 11, 4434, 6557, 12301, 430, 284, 262, 7421, 290, 5093, 11, 355, 880, 355, 25370, 121, 12571, 290, 509, 2787, 77, 3970, 21124, 284, 262, 5366, 13, 383, 3831, 494, 66, 5866, 15623, 832, 262, 2104, 34164, 290, 28472, 1666, 656, 569, 6557, 71, 1474, 569, 81, 21356, 83, 2584, 13, 383, 4387, 11684, 389, 5780, 11, 569, 81, 21356, 83, 2584, 357, 16885, 636, 286, 262, 5780, 5665, 8, 290, 3831, 46195, 1547, 365, 1665, 489, 501, 357, 3911, 286, 262, 3831, 46195, 1547, 365, 1665, 489, 501, 5665, 737, 198, 198, 22342, 23914, 286, 36839, 198, 24227, 1879, 6978, 1547, 198, 53, 6557, 71, 34164 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168689	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Cullum%20Jr.	Jim Cullum Jr.	James Albert Cullum Jr., better known as Jim Cullum Jr. (September 20, 1941 – August 11, 2019), was an American jazz cornetist known for his contributions to Dixieland jazz. His father was Jim Cullum Sr., a clarinetist who led the Happy Jazz Band from 1962 to 1973. Jim Cullum Jr. led the Jim Cullum Jazz Band as its successor. His band mates included Evan Christopher, Allan Vaché, and John Sheridan. Early life James A. Cullum, Jr. was born in Dallas, Texas on September 20, 1941, to wholesale grocer and part-time musician, James Albert Cullum, Sr., and Conoly . The family moved to San Antonio, Texas in 1953. As a child, Cullum Jr. became enamored of his father's music collection that included recordings by Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, Blind Lemon Jefferson, and Lead Belly. He bought his first cornet at the age of fourteen from a pawn shop for seven dollars. While attending Alamo Heights High School, Cullum played with a small jazz ensemble where his father would occasionally sit in on saxophone. He also performed locally around San Antonio as a teen, honing his skills. Following high school, Cullum married Donna Cloud, and joined his father in the grocery business. Career Happy Jazz and The Landing nightclub Cullum's enthusiasm and passion for performing jazz led to his father coming out of retirement from the music industry in 1962 to form the Happy Jazz Band with him. The band's music was heavily influenced by the hot jazz ensembles of the 1920s and '30s. In 1963, the Cullums, along with a group of San Antonio investors, founded The Landing Jazz Club in the basement of the Nix Hospital building on the San Antonio River Walk. The Landing was the second business and first nightclub established on the Riverwalk following the opening of the Casa Rio Mexican restaurant. After interest in the group suddenly grew following their exposure to the HemisFair crowds of 1968, the Cullums sold their grocery business, and devoted themselves full-time to music. Happy Jazz and its successor band performed at The Landing five or six nights a week for the next four and a half decades. Cullum Jr. took over leadership of the band after his father died in 1973. At that time, he changed the band's name to the Jim Cullum Jazz Band. Jim Cullum Jazz Band The Jim Cullum Jazz Band was an acoustic seven-piece traditional jazz ensemble. The band broadcast weekly performances from The Landing on the Public Radio International (US public radio) series Riverwalk Jazz from 1989 until 2012. Cullum and his band performed at such venues as Carnegie Hall, Preservation Hall, the White House, Wolf Trap, and the Kennedy Center. They appeared on Austin City Limits on several occasions, and for 25 years broadcast weekly live performances on over 200 radio stations in the US. The Jim Cullum Jazz Band performed over 300 jazz masses at houses of worship across the United States during its more than four-decade run. The group recorded for Jazzology, Columbia, Audiophile, Stomp Off, and his own label, Riverwalk. Cullum played with such music legends as Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Pete Fountain, and Earl Hines. Early in his career, he played with Jack Teagarden—a friend and associate of his father's. Cullum's career also led him to accompany other jazz artists such as Joe Venuti, Doc Severinsen, Dick Hyman, and Lionel Hampton. From 1993 to 2005, Cullum and his band were on the faculty of the Stanford Jazz Workshop at Stanford University in California. Later life and death During his life, Cullum led what was described as an elegant-bohemian lifestyle by one jazz publication. He remained active even after the radio show and his longstanding residency at The Landing ended in 2012. In his final years, he appeared in weekly performances at the Cookhouse Restaurant in San Antonio and scheduled many other appearances with his band. His last public performance was just two days before his death. Cullum died on August 11, 2019, at his residence in San Antonio. Legacy In 2011, Stanford University Libraries acquired Cullum's Riverwalk Jazz archives, comprising over 400 radio show programs. In January 2013, Stanford's Archive of Recorded Sound made the recordings available to listen to on its website. Band members Current members Evan Arntzen – clarinet, saxophone Mike Pittsley – trombone Howard Elkins – banjo, guitar Bernie Attridge – bass Benji Bohannon – drums Former members Jim Cullum Jr. - cornet Buddy Apfel – tuba Robert Black – banjo Evan Christopher – clarinet Kevin Dorn – drums Ron Hockett – clarinet, saxophone Ed Hubble – trombone Jim Hunter – bass Don Mopsick – bass Brian Nalepka – tuba, double bass, bass sax Brian Ogilvie – clarinet, saxophone Steve Pikal – bass Ric Ramirez – bass Randy Reinhart – cornet, trombone Kenny Rupp – trombone Zack Sapunor – bass John Sheridan – piano Hal Smith – drums Ed Torres – drums Jim Turner – piano Allan Vaché – clarinet Mike Waskiewicz – drums Jack Wyatt – bass Cullen Offer – tenor saxophone Discography Look Over Here (1976) Jim Cullum's Happy Jazz Band (1979) Live and Swinging (1979) Live at the Memphis Jazz Festival (1982) Tis the Season...To Be Jamming (1984) Porgy & Bess (1985) Super Satch (1986) Fireworks! Red Hot & Blues (1989) Hooray for Hoagy! (1990) American Love Songs, Vol. 7 (1990) Shootin' the Agate (1992) Battle of the Bands: San Antonio vs. New Orleans (1992) New Year's All Star Jam (1993) Honky Tonk Train (1994) Bessie & the Blues (1995) Jim Cullum's Happy Jazz Band (1995) Hot Jazz for a Cool Yule (1996) Fireworks! Red Hot & Blues (1996) American Love Songs, Vol. 7 (1997) Deep River: The Spirit of Gospel Music in Jazz (1998) Cornet-Copia (2001) Chasin' the Blues (2006) 3 Kings of Jazz: The Music of Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke and Jelly Roll Morton (2008) See also The Mission City Hot Rhythm Cats, a six-piece traditional jazz band, is composed of several former members of the Jim Cullum Jazz Band. References External links "Jim Cullum's Adventures", The New York Times Guide to the Jim Cullum Collection Interview (June 11, 1980); (August 12, 1986) Jim Cullum on Live at Jazz, TX 1941 births 2019 deaths American jazz cornetists Jazz radio presenters American radio personalities Jazz musicians from Texas Musicians from San Antonio Jazzology Records artists Stomp Off artists Columbia Records artists	[ 14731, 9966, 31289, 388, 7504, 1539, 1365, 1900, 355, 5395, 31289, 388, 7504, 13, 357, 17543, 1160, 11, 23234, 784, 2932, 1367, 11, 13130, 828, 373, 281, 1605, 21274, 1162, 3262, 396, 1900, 329, 465, 9284, 284, 360, 844, 8207, 392, 21274, 13, 2399, 2988, 373, 5395, 31289, 388, 21714, 1539, 257, 10212, 42504, 396, 508, 2957, 262, 14628, 21406, 10243, 422, 20033, 284, 15674, 13, 5395, 31289, 388, 7504, 13, 2957, 262, 5395, 31289, 388, 21406, 10243, 355, 663, 17270, 13, 2399, 4097, 27973, 3017, 21523, 12803, 11, 31908, 569, 620, 2634, 11, 290, 1757, 47813, 13, 198, 198, 20457, 1204, 198, 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17168745	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Adad	Nur-Adad	Nur-Adad ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1801 BC to 1785 BC (short chronology). He was a contemporary of Sumu-la-El of Babylon. See also Chronology of the ancient Near East Notes External links Amorite kings 19th-century BC Sumerian kings 18th-century BC Sumerian kings 18th-century BC deaths Year of birth unknown Kings of Larsa	[ 45, 333, 12, 2782, 324, 8879, 262, 6156, 20173, 3687, 1748, 12, 5219, 198, 1659, 31239, 64, 422, 1248, 486, 11843, 284, 1596, 5332, 11843, 357, 19509, 16199, 1435, 737, 679, 373, 257, 11811, 286, 5060, 84, 12, 5031, 12, 9527, 286, 28028, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 198, 1925, 1313, 1435, 286, 262, 6156, 20173, 3687, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 32, 4491, 578, 21557, 198, 1129, 400, 12, 14792, 11843, 5060, 263, 666, 21557, 198, 1507, 400, 12, 14792, 11843, 5060, 263, 666, 21557, 198, 1507, 400, 12, 14792, 11843, 7040, 198, 17688, 286, 4082, 6439, 198, 42912, 286, 31239, 64 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley%20Boyle	Wesley Boyle	Wesley Boyle (born 30 March 1979) from Northern Ireland is a football midfielder, who currently works as a coach, having last played for Loughgall F.C. Boyle started his career as an apprentice with Leeds United. References Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) 1979 births Living people Doncaster Rovers F.C. players Men's association football midfielders NIFL Premiership players Leeds United F.C. players Association footballers from County Armagh Expatriate men's footballers in England Sportspeople from Portadown Portadown F.C. players Premier League players Loughgall F.C. players	[ 54, 49048, 37619, 357, 6286, 1542, 2805, 13521, 8, 422, 8342, 7517, 318, 257, 4346, 18707, 11, 508, 3058, 2499, 355, 257, 3985, 11, 1719, 938, 2826, 329, 406, 619, 39580, 376, 13, 34, 13, 37619, 2067, 465, 3451, 355, 281, 39252, 351, 29293, 1578, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 6385, 49584, 986, 383, 11140, 540, 47435, 290, 9957, 4041, 7853, 24047, 357, 7266, 33584, 2672, 8, 198, 198, 33581, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 3987, 17970, 5564, 690, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 12459, 364, 198, 22125, 3697, 47435, 1938, 198, 43, 39642, 1578, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 8021, 41003, 4346, 364, 422, 3418, 7057, 10471, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 4492, 198, 18153, 15332, 422, 4347, 324, 593, 198, 13924, 324, 593, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 24914, 959, 4041, 1938, 198, 43, 619, 39580, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168767	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginza%20%28agency%29	Ginza (agency)	was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned silver monopoly or silver guild (za) which was created in 1598. Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted silver coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of silver. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the minting of silver coins and for superintending all silver mines, silver mining and silver-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Kinza – Gold za (monopoly office or guild). Dōza – Copper za (monopoly office or guild). Shuza – Cinnabar za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Silver Economy of feudal Japan Guilds in Japan 1598 establishments in Asia Metals monopolies	[ 9776, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 338, 8720, 30572, 8465, 22036, 393, 8465, 19806, 357, 4496, 8, 543, 373, 2727, 287, 1315, 4089, 13, 198, 198, 40443, 11, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 373, 4609, 287, 840, 870, 257, 6414, 1988, 287, 21043, 276, 8465, 10796, 26, 290, 428, 2957, 284, 262, 11067, 761, 329, 11969, 284, 262, 5127, 286, 8465, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 275, 461, 3046, 84, 3670, 21079, 257, 11344, 4086, 351, 5798, 329, 29745, 1710, 262, 21043, 278, 286, 8465, 10796, 290, 329, 2208, 600, 1571, 477, 8465, 18446, 11, 8465, 9691, 290, 8465, 12, 2302, 7861, 4568, 287, 2869, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 15217, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 15201, 12, 25456, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 4496, 784, 3561, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 360, 13090, 4496, 784, 27157, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 32344, 4496, 784, 327, 3732, 397, 283, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 8, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 4789, 11, 1757, 370, 13, 357, 1129, 2816, 737, 11818, 7487, 6762, 896, 45284, 11, 1596, 1129, 1906, 1558, 3459, 25, 4558, 16737, 286, 12495, 2869, 13, 220, 14457, 25, 11131, 2059, 4332, 13, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 604, 29228, 2481, 198, 449, 33807, 11, 1526, 3754, 347, 13, 357, 21908, 737, 14019, 14330, 287, 2869, 13, 14457, 25, 14457, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 46588, 3720, 1507, 5607, 198, 3059, 8432, 68, 11, 16322, 8760, 13, 357, 11024, 737, 43457, 42678, 25, 12189, 12, 8081, 1741, 11, 9601, 3928, 602, 11, 290, 262, 3738, 20473, 35894, 3854, 287, 2869, 13, 220, 13643, 25, 13643, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 2026, 36189, 23, 20986, 198, 198, 28848, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 25883, 286, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 198, 26766, 198, 28489, 88, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 38, 3547, 82, 287, 2869, 198, 1314, 4089, 33228, 287, 7229, 198, 9171, 874, 30797, 444 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168788	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy%20Khramtsov	Oleksiy Khramtsov	Oleksiy Khramtsov () (born 8 November 1975, Simferopol, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who played for different clubs in the Ukrainian Premier League. He is plays currently for the club of Navbahor Namangan in the Uzbek League as captain. External links Official Website Profile Official FFU Website Profile 1975 births Living people Sportspeople from Simferopol Ukrainian men's footballers MFC Mykolaiv players FC Kryvbas-2 Kryvyi Rih players FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk players SC Tavriya Simferopol players FC Stal Alchevsk players Navbahor Namangan players FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Gvardeyets Skvortsovo players FC Krymteplytsia Molodizhne players Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan Crimean Premier League players Men's association football defenders	[ 46, 293, 591, 7745, 5311, 859, 83, 47272, 7499, 357, 6286, 807, 3389, 15231, 11, 3184, 2232, 39704, 11, 13053, 6723, 49, 11, 7570, 4479, 8, 318, 257, 4708, 13053, 4346, 13191, 508, 2826, 329, 1180, 9784, 287, 262, 13053, 9952, 4041, 13, 679, 318, 5341, 3058, 329, 262, 3430, 286, 13244, 47041, 273, 17871, 37089, 287, 262, 42619, 4041, 355, 10654, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 15934, 15887, 13118, 198, 15934, 18402, 52, 15887, 13118, 198, 198, 38449, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 18153, 15332, 422, 3184, 2232, 39704, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 44, 4851, 2011, 74, 5708, 452, 1938, 198, 4851, 41662, 85, 12093, 12, 17, 41662, 7670, 72, 44502, 1938, 198, 4851, 20711, 461, 16975, 5733, 12, 17439, 452, 8135, 1938, 198, 6173, 41489, 380, 3972, 3184, 2232, 39704, 1938, 198, 4851, 520, 282, 978, 49916, 8135, 1938, 198, 30575, 47041, 273, 17871, 37089, 1938, 198, 4851, 1168, 652, 64, 6026, 71, 34738, 1938, 198, 4851, 402, 10187, 2959, 1039, 3661, 85, 419, 568, 13038, 1938, 198, 4851, 41662, 16762, 538, 306, 912, 544, 17958, 375, 528, 71, 710, 1938, 198, 28425, 3201, 666, 1033, 26646, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 3109, 8071, 380, 378, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 287, 42619, 4103, 198, 45580, 272, 9952, 4041, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 16355 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168815	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch%20Andrews	Punch Andrews	Edward "Punch" Andrews is a music producer who produced many albums of Bob Seger and The Silver Bullet Band. Andrews has also served as a manager for Seger as well as Kid Rock, and managed Grand Funk Railroad during the mid-1990s. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American music managers American record producers Ross School of Business alumni	[ 43982, 366, 47, 3316, 1, 26414, 318, 257, 2647, 9920, 508, 4635, 867, 16788, 286, 5811, 1001, 1362, 290, 383, 7698, 18003, 10243, 13, 26414, 468, 635, 4983, 355, 257, 4706, 329, 1001, 1362, 355, 880, 355, 16828, 4631, 11, 290, 5257, 5675, 37299, 36289, 1141, 262, 3095, 12, 19891, 82, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 220, 198, 198, 17688, 286, 4082, 4814, 357, 19950, 661, 8, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 7437, 2647, 11663, 198, 7437, 1700, 11408, 198, 38328, 3961, 286, 7320, 31333 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168821	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Anne%20%28novel%29	Mary Anne (novel)	Daphne du Maurier's novel Mary Anne (1954) is a fictionalised account of the real-life story of her great-great-grandmother, Mary Anne Clarke, née Thompson (1776-1852). It was published by Gollancz in the UK and by Doubleday in the US. Mary Anne Clarke from 1803 to 1808 was mistress of Frederick Augustus, the Duke of York and Albany (1763-1827). He was "The Grand Old Duke of York" of the nursery rhyme, a son of King George III and brother of the later King George IV. References 1954 British novels Novels by Daphne du Maurier Biographical novels English historical novels Victor Gollancz Ltd books	[ 35, 6570, 710, 7043, 18867, 959, 338, 5337, 5335, 15397, 357, 1129, 4051, 8, 318, 257, 19812, 1417, 1848, 286, 262, 1103, 12, 6042, 1621, 286, 607, 1049, 12, 18223, 12, 23936, 13552, 11, 5335, 15397, 19635, 11, 299, 22161, 11654, 357, 1558, 4304, 12, 1507, 4309, 737, 632, 373, 3199, 416, 402, 692, 1192, 89, 287, 262, 3482, 290, 416, 5728, 9342, 323, 287, 262, 1294, 13, 198, 198, 24119, 15397, 19635, 422, 1248, 3070, 284, 1248, 2919, 373, 37769, 286, 26113, 48339, 11, 262, 11083, 286, 1971, 290, 29285, 357, 1558, 5066, 12, 1507, 1983, 737, 198, 198, 1544, 373, 366, 464, 5675, 5706, 11083, 286, 1971, 1, 286, 262, 41326, 40005, 1326, 11, 257, 3367, 286, 2677, 4502, 6711, 290, 3956, 286, 262, 1568, 2677, 4502, 8363, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 1129, 4051, 3517, 16122, 198, 2949, 626, 82, 416, 360, 6570, 710, 7043, 18867, 959, 198, 23286, 17046, 16122, 198, 15823, 6754, 16122, 198, 21944, 273, 402, 692, 1192, 89, 12052, 3835 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168869	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3r%20Muman	Mór Muman	Mór Muman or Mór Mumain (modern spelling: Mór Mhumhan) is a figure from early Irish literature who is said to have been a queen of Munster and daughter of king Áed Bennán. Her name means "the Great Mother" and the province of Munster (An Mhumhain) is named after her. She is believed to be a euhemerised mother goddess and sovereignty goddess of the province, particularly of the Eóganachta. Mór Muman "personifies the land of Munster" and "the sovereignty of the region". She is also known as Mugain and may be the same figure as Anu and the Morrígan. Traditions The Irish-language tale Mór Muman 7 Aided Cuanach meic Ailchine ("Mór Muman and the death of Cuanu mac Ailchine") is found in the Book of Leinster. It is suggested that it dates from the 10th century or earlier. According to this tale, Mór was placed under an enchantment and went mad. She wandered Ireland for two years before she came to Cashel and the court of King Fíngen mac Áedo Duib. Fingen eventually slept with her, and her memory returned. In the morning, Fingen gave her the queen's robe and brooch, and put aside his current queen, daughter of the king of the Deisi, and put Mór in her place as she was of better blood. The Metrical Dindshenchas say of Fingen and Mór:Best of the women of Inis Failis Mór daughter of Áed Bennan.Better is Fingen than any herothat drives about Femen. When Fingen died, the story says, Mór Muman married Cathal mac Finguine. Unfortunately, the collector of this tale mistook this Cathal for his great-grandfather, Cathal mac Áedo. A similar tale is told of Mis, who gave her name to the Slieve Mish Mountains and who may be the same figure as Mór. Mis is said to have gone mad and to have lived as a wild woman in the mountains. She recovers after befriending and sleeping with a harper named Dubh Rois. These tales may be based on the common motif of the loathly lady, whereby the goddess of sovereignty appears as a hag until kissed by the rightful king, whereupon she becomes a beautiful young woman. In another tale, Mór and her husband Lear land in Ireland at the Dingle Peninsula and make their home at Dunmore Head (Dún Mór, meaning "Dún" the Irish for fort and "Mór" the Irish for Big, possibly meaning "Mór's hillfort"). One day, Mór climbs to the top of Mount Eagle to see the land in which she dwells. However, she is 'taken short' and squats to relieve herself. The ravines that cut through the mountains of Munster are said to have resulted from Mór's great streams of urine. This motif of a goddess creating the landscape is found in many ancient tales. At the foot of the mountain is a place called Tivoria or Tigh Mhóire ("Mór's house"). As a divinity, Mór Muman is believed to be identical with Mugain, and to include features of Medb and the Morrígan. She is sometimes referred to simply as Mumain, making her association with the land of Munster (Irish, Mumu) explicit. The death of Mór Muman ingen Áedo Bennáin is recorded by the Annals of Ulster under the year 632 and by the Annals of Tigernach for 636. Mór's sister, Ruithchern, is also thought to represent the sovereignty goddess. She was the protagonist of the lost story Aithed Ruithcherne la Cuanu mac Cailchin (The killing of Ruithchern by Cuanu mac Ailchine). See also Mór Muman (Irish name) Notes References Further reading 636 deaths 7th-century Irish women Irish goddesses 7th-century Irish people Year of birth unknown Irish-language feminine given names Feminine given names Mythological queens Mother goddesses	[ 44, 10205, 81, 337, 3778, 393, 337, 10205, 81, 38367, 391, 357, 23922, 24993, 25, 337, 10205, 81, 337, 17047, 7637, 8, 318, 257, 3785, 422, 1903, 8685, 9285, 508, 318, 531, 284, 423, 587, 257, 16599, 286, 12107, 1706, 290, 4957, 286, 5822, 6184, 223, 276, 14025, 21162, 13, 2332, 1438, 1724, 366, 1169, 3878, 10584, 1, 290, 262, 8473, 286, 12107, 1706, 357, 2025, 337, 17047, 71, 391, 8, 318, 3706, 706, 607, 13, 1375, 318, 4762, 284, 307, 257, 304, 84, 39557, 1417, 2802, 22215, 290, 18582, 22215, 286, 262, 8473, 11, 3573, 286, 262, 412, 10205, 1030, 620, 8326, 13, 337, 10205, 81, 337, 3778, 366, 6259, 6945, 262, 1956, 286, 12107, 1706, 1, 290, 366, 1169, 18582, 286, 262, 3814, 1911, 1375, 318, 635, 1900, 355, 25841, 391, 290, 743, 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17168883	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eran%20Kolirin	Eran Kolirin	Eran Kolirin (Hebrew: ערן קולירין) (born 4 November 1973) is an Israeli screenwriter and film director. In 2004, he directed the feature-length television drama, The Long Journey. His cinema directorial debut, The Band's Visit (2007), was a critical success, winning eight Awards of the Israeli Film Academy and prizes at several international film festivals. Kolirin himself won the Israeli Film Academy's awards for Best Director and Best Screenplay. His second film, The Exchange, was in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival in September 2011. His next film, Beyond the Mountains and Hills, was selected to be screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. It was screened in film festivals around world, winning several awards, including Best Feature Film at the 2016 UK Jewish Film Festival. Selected filmography The Long Journey (2004) The Band's Visit (2007) The Exchange (2011) Beyond the Mountains and Hills (2016) Let There Be Morning (AKA Let It Be Morning) (2021) References External links European Film Awards winners (people) Israeli film directors Living people 1973 births	[ 36, 2596, 25910, 47388, 357, 1544, 11269, 25, 14360, 95, 37778, 147, 253, 14360, 100, 27072, 40010, 33951, 101, 33951, 253, 8, 357, 6286, 604, 3389, 15674, 8, 318, 281, 6085, 3159, 16002, 290, 2646, 3437, 13, 198, 198, 818, 5472, 11, 339, 7924, 262, 3895, 12, 13664, 5581, 10512, 11, 383, 5882, 15120, 13, 2399, 22041, 3437, 498, 8886, 11, 383, 10243, 338, 16440, 357, 12726, 828, 373, 257, 4688, 1943, 11, 5442, 3624, 15434, 286, 262, 6085, 13741, 8581, 290, 21740, 379, 1811, 3230, 2646, 25575, 13, 25910, 47388, 2241, 1839, 262, 6085, 13741, 8581, 338, 13304, 329, 6705, 5890, 290, 6705, 15216, 1759, 13, 198, 198, 6653, 1218, 2646, 11, 383, 12516, 11, 373, 287, 5449, 379, 262, 8257, 400, 29702, 4037, 13741, 11117, 287, 2693, 2813, 13, 198, 198, 6653, 1306, 2646, 11, 12197, 262, 21124, 290, 14379, 11, 373, 6163, 284, 307, 32862, 287, 262, 791, 16272, 3310, 446, 2665, 379, 262, 1584, 50158, 13741, 11117, 13, 632, 373, 32862, 287, 2646, 25575, 1088, 995, 11, 5442, 1811, 13304, 11, 1390, 6705, 27018, 13741, 379, 262, 1584, 3482, 5582, 13741, 11117, 13, 198, 198, 4653, 12609, 2646, 4867, 628, 383, 5882, 15120, 357, 15724, 8, 198, 383, 10243, 338, 16440, 357, 12726, 8, 198, 383, 12516, 357, 9804, 8, 198, 12197, 262, 21124, 290, 14379, 357, 5304, 8, 198, 3914, 1318, 1355, 14410, 357, 10206, 32, 3914, 632, 1355, 14410, 8, 357, 1238, 2481, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 22030, 13741, 15434, 14591, 357, 15332, 8, 198, 29818, 2646, 13445, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 40220, 27244 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dza	Dōza	was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned copper monopoly or copper guild (za) which was created in 1636 and (1701–1712, 1738–1746, 1766–1768). Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted copper coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of copper. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the minting of copper coins and for superintending all copper mines, copper mining and copper-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Kinza – Gold za (monopoly office or guild). Ginza – Silver za (monopoly office or guild). Shuza – Cinnabar za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Shimada, Ryuto. (2005). The Intra-Asian Trade in Japanese Copper by the Dutch East India Company. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ; OCLC 62755669 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Copper Economy of feudal Japan Metals monopolies 1636 establishments in Japan Guilds in Japan	[ 9776, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 338, 8720, 30572, 15317, 22036, 393, 15317, 19806, 357, 4496, 8, 543, 373, 2727, 287, 1467, 2623, 290, 357, 1558, 486, 1906, 1558, 1065, 11, 1596, 2548, 1906, 1558, 3510, 11, 1596, 2791, 1906, 1558, 3104, 737, 198, 198, 40443, 11, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 373, 4609, 287, 840, 870, 257, 6414, 1988, 287, 21043, 276, 15317, 10796, 26, 290, 428, 2957, 284, 262, 11067, 761, 329, 11969, 284, 262, 5127, 286, 15317, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 275, 461, 3046, 84, 3670, 21079, 257, 11344, 4086, 351, 5798, 329, 29745, 1710, 262, 21043, 278, 286, 15317, 10796, 290, 329, 2208, 600, 1571, 477, 15317, 18446, 11, 15317, 9691, 290, 15317, 12, 2302, 7861, 4568, 287, 2869, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 15217, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 15201, 12, 25456, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 4496, 784, 3561, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 21444, 4496, 784, 7698, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 32344, 4496, 784, 327, 3732, 397, 283, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 8, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 4789, 11, 1757, 370, 13, 357, 1129, 2816, 737, 11818, 7487, 6762, 896, 45284, 11, 1596, 1129, 1906, 1558, 3459, 25, 4558, 16737, 286, 12495, 2869, 13, 220, 14457, 25, 11131, 2059, 4332, 13, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 604, 29228, 2481, 198, 449, 33807, 11, 1526, 3754, 347, 13, 357, 21908, 737, 14019, 14330, 287, 2869, 13, 14457, 25, 14457, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 46588, 3720, 1507, 5607, 198, 3059, 8432, 68, 11, 16322, 8760, 13, 357, 11024, 737, 43457, 42678, 25, 12189, 12, 8081, 1741, 11, 9601, 3928, 602, 11, 290, 262, 3738, 20473, 35894, 3854, 287, 2869, 13, 220, 13643, 25, 13643, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 2026, 36189, 23, 20986, 198, 31698, 4763, 11, 11089, 9390, 13, 357, 14315, 737, 220, 383, 2558, 430, 12, 43224, 9601, 287, 4960, 27157, 416, 262, 10914, 3687, 3794, 5834, 13, 1004, 14029, 25, 33335, 43403, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 718, 1983, 2816, 36657, 198, 198, 28848, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 25883, 286, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 198, 7222, 2848, 198, 28489, 88, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 9171, 874, 30797, 444, 198, 1433, 2623, 33228, 287, 2869, 198, 38, 3547, 82, 287, 2869 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20TR.1	Hitachi TR.1	The Hitachi TR.1 was a small airliner developed in Japan in 1938, produced in small numbers as the TR.2. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with retractable tailwheel undercarriage and a fully enclosed cabin. The design strongly resembled the Airspeed Envoy that it was intended to replace in Japanese airline service. Testing of the TR.1 prototype commenced on 8 April 1938 at Haneda Airport, but it suffered a serious accident on 22 June due to a landing in which one of the main undercarriage units failed to extend. The TR.2 was a revised and strengthened design with a larger wing area, and main undercarriage that only semi-retracted. Twelve examples were built in a small series, but performance was not as good as the TR.1, since the modifications to the design had added 260 kg (570 lb) to the aircraft. Specifications (TR.1) References 1930s Japanese airliners Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1938 Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft	[ 464, 7286, 14299, 7579, 13, 16, 373, 257, 1402, 45110, 4166, 287, 2869, 287, 28017, 11, 4635, 287, 1402, 3146, 355, 262, 7579, 13, 17, 13, 632, 373, 257, 1877, 12, 5469, 11, 18548, 576, 332, 15848, 33533, 351, 34449, 540, 7894, 22001, 739, 7718, 4087, 290, 257, 3938, 28543, 9351, 13, 383, 1486, 7634, 37657, 262, 3701, 12287, 2039, 40024, 326, 340, 373, 5292, 284, 6330, 287, 4960, 18091, 2139, 13, 23983, 286, 262, 7579, 13, 16, 14879, 32400, 319, 807, 3035, 28017, 379, 9530, 18082, 12690, 11, 475, 340, 6989, 257, 2726, 5778, 319, 2534, 2795, 2233, 284, 257, 9581, 287, 543, 530, 286, 262, 1388, 739, 7718, 4087, 4991, 4054, 284, 9117, 13, 198, 198, 464, 7579, 13, 17, 373, 257, 15556, 290, 27324, 1486, 351, 257, 4025, 8539, 1989, 11, 290, 1388, 739, 7718, 4087, 326, 691, 10663, 12, 1186, 20216, 13, 30775, 6096, 547, 3170, 287, 257, 1402, 2168, 11, 475, 2854, 373, 407, 355, 922, 355, 262, 7579, 13, 16, 11, 1201, 262, 19008, 284, 262, 1486, 550, 2087, 21148, 1849, 10025, 357, 39254, 1849, 23160, 8, 284, 262, 6215, 13, 198, 198, 22882, 6637, 357, 5446, 13, 16, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 628, 220, 198, 220, 198, 198, 1129, 1270, 82, 4960, 1633, 34380, 198, 20535, 12, 5469, 6215, 198, 32, 27002, 717, 22371, 287, 28017, 198, 5080, 259, 41743, 12, 1516, 1389, 38278, 6215 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168899	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheridan%20State%20Scenic%20Corridor	Sheridan State Scenic Corridor	Sheridan State Scenic Corridor is a state park in the Columbia River Gorge, west of Cascade Locks, Oregon. The property, containing an old-growth forest, is located on the south side of Interstate 84 at approximately milepoint 42.5, and was not accessible by motor vehicle since I-84 was built in 1960. However, with the opening of the Eagle Creek-Cascade Locks segment of the Historic Columbia River Highway State Trail in 1998, it has become easily accessible by foot or bicycle. The park is on a triangular lot, surrounded by I-84 and the Mount Hood National Forest. The park was acquired in 1923 from the Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company by the Parks Division of the State Highway Department, which named it for Philip H. Sheridan. It served as a wayside on US 30 - the Historic Columbia River Highway - until 1960, when the new I-84 freeway replaced the old road, cutting off access except through the national forest. As part of the restoration of the old highway, the Federal Highway Administration rebuilt the abandoned Eagle Creek-Cascade Locks for non-motorized traffic in the 1990s, to be managed by the State Parks and Recreation Department. An interpretive sign was installed at the site in 2007. Just to the east of the park, within the national forest the trail passes under I-84 in a 150-foot (50 m) long precast concrete rock-faced tunnel (). The $500,000 structure was built as part of the restoration project, and was required to connect the park to another intact piece of road, located north of I-84 at the west Cascade Locks interchange. See also List of Oregon state parks References !colspan=3\|Historic Columbia River Highway \|- \|align=center\|Ruckel Creek BridgeMP 42.7 \|align=center\|Sheridan State ParkMP 44 \|align=center\|Cascade LocksMP 45-46 State parks of Oregon Columbia River Gorge Historic Columbia River Highway Parks in Hood River County, Oregon	[ 28782, 27610, 1812, 1446, 35866, 48994, 318, 257, 1181, 3952, 287, 262, 9309, 5866, 48420, 11, 7421, 286, 48788, 406, 3320, 11, 8819, 13, 383, 220, 3119, 11, 7268, 281, 1468, 12, 27922, 8222, 11, 318, 5140, 319, 262, 5366, 1735, 286, 30739, 9508, 379, 6702, 10591, 4122, 5433, 13, 20, 11, 290, 373, 407, 9857, 416, 5584, 4038, 1201, 314, 12, 5705, 373, 3170, 287, 9507, 13, 2102, 11, 351, 262, 4756, 286, 262, 18456, 13509, 12, 34, 28966, 406, 3320, 10618, 286, 262, 30426, 9309, 5866, 14914, 1812, 13069, 287, 7795, 11, 340, 468, 1716, 3538, 9857, 416, 2366, 393, 17026, 13, 383, 3952, 318, 319, 257, 46963, 1256, 11, 11191, 416, 314, 12, 5705, 290, 262, 5628, 17233, 2351, 9115, 13, 198, 198, 464, 3952, 373, 9477, 287, 37272, 422, 262, 8819, 12, 17402, 36289, 290, 42115, 5834, 416, 262, 20604, 7458, 286, 262, 1812, 14914, 2732, 11, 543, 3706, 340, 329, 14576, 367, 13, 47813, 13, 632, 4983, 355, 257, 2842, 485, 319, 1294, 1542, 532, 262, 30426, 9309, 5866, 14914, 532, 1566, 9507, 11, 618, 262, 649, 314, 12, 5705, 39042, 6928, 262, 1468, 2975, 11, 7720, 572, 1895, 2845, 832, 262, 2260, 8222, 13, 1081, 636, 286, 262, 19414, 286, 262, 1468, 12763, 11, 262, 5618, 14914, 8694, 30080, 262, 9958, 18456, 13509, 12, 34, 28966, 406, 3320, 329, 1729, 12, 76, 20965, 1143, 4979, 287, 262, 6303, 82, 11, 284, 307, 5257, 416, 262, 1812, 20604, 290, 34285, 2732, 13, 1052, 6179, 425, 1051, 373, 6589, 379, 262, 2524, 287, 4343, 13, 198, 198, 5703, 284, 262, 7627, 286, 262, 3952, 11, 1626, 262, 2260, 8222, 262, 8025, 8318, 739, 314, 12, 5705, 287, 257, 6640, 12, 5898, 357, 1120, 285, 8, 890, 662, 2701, 10017, 3881, 12, 24903, 13275, 27972, 383, 720, 4059, 11, 830, 4645, 373, 3170, 355, 636, 286, 262, 19414, 1628, 11, 290, 373, 2672, 284, 2018, 262, 3952, 284, 1194, 16572, 3704, 286, 2975, 11, 5140, 5093, 286, 314, 12, 5705, 379, 262, 7421, 48788, 406, 3320, 26478, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 7343, 286, 8819, 1181, 14860, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 0, 4033, 12626, 28, 18, 91, 13749, 8146, 9309, 5866, 14914, 198, 91, 12, 198, 91, 31494, 28, 16159, 91, 49, 1229, 7750, 13509, 10290, 7378, 5433, 13, 22, 198, 91, 31494, 28, 16159, 91, 28782, 27610, 1812, 3250, 7378, 5846, 198, 91, 31494, 28, 16159, 91, 34, 28966, 406, 3320, 7378, 4153, 12, 3510, 198, 198, 9012, 14860, 286, 8819, 198, 36063, 544, 5866, 48420, 198, 13749, 8146, 9309, 5866, 14914, 198, 47, 5558, 287, 17233, 5866, 3418, 11, 8819 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17168991	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pani%C4%87	Panić	Panić () is a surname found in Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia. Notable people include: Branko Panić (born 1977), Croatian football player Milan Panić (born 1929), American and Serbian multimillionaire, Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992-1993 Života Panić (1933–2003), Colonel General of Yugoslav People's Army Željko Panić (born 1976), Bosnian Serb swimmer Romana Panić (born 1975), a Serbian singer See also Panich, Americanized form in Thailand and in Serbian diaspora Surnames of Serbian origin	[ 47, 3216, 38325, 7499, 318, 257, 40358, 1043, 287, 27229, 11, 34292, 290, 28975, 13, 1892, 540, 661, 2291, 25, 198, 198, 9414, 962, 78, 350, 3216, 38325, 357, 6286, 15589, 828, 48853, 4346, 2137, 198, 24857, 272, 350, 3216, 38325, 357, 6286, 31883, 828, 1605, 290, 39619, 43104, 1131, 7626, 11, 5537, 4139, 286, 262, 5618, 2066, 286, 37777, 422, 9768, 12, 24465, 198, 129, 121, 452, 4265, 350, 3216, 38325, 357, 1129, 2091, 1906, 16088, 828, 21636, 3611, 286, 30655, 4380, 338, 5407, 198, 129, 121, 417, 73, 7204, 350, 3216, 38325, 357, 6286, 15408, 828, 14548, 44516, 2930, 65, 9422, 647, 220, 198, 22834, 2271, 350, 3216, 38325, 357, 6286, 15231, 828, 257, 39619, 14015, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 15730, 488, 11, 1605, 1143, 1296, 287, 16952, 290, 287, 39619, 2566, 292, 38851, 198, 198, 50, 700, 1047, 286, 39619, 8159 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane%20Lester%20%281998%29	Hurricane Lester (1998)	Hurricane Lester was a small but powerful tropical cyclone that caused heavy flooding in Central America and southern Mexico in October 1998. Lester was the fifteenth tropical cyclone, twelfth named storm and eighth hurricane of the 1998 Pacific hurricane season. Lester originated from a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa on September 29. Under favorable conditions, the storm was classified as a tropical depression on October 15. The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm later that day and a hurricane on October 16. After undergoing fluctuations in intensity, Lester reached peak winds of , a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. After several days, it degenerated into a tropical storm on October 26, and dissipated shortly after. The hurricane made its closest approach to land on October 28, producing moderate winds and heavy rainfall. A mudslide triggered by the precipitation killed two children, although damage is unknown. Meteorological history A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 29, 1998, and on October 5, an area of convection along the wave developed into Atlantic Hurricane Lisa. The wave axis continued westward, and after crossing Central America a low-level circulation developed on October 13, about south of the border between El Salvador and Guatemala. The system drifted northwestward, and as convection increased around the center a banding featured began to develop. At 0000 UTC on October 15, the National Hurricane Center designated it as Tropical Depression Fourteen-E. The depression contained a large envelope of convective activity, and under favorable conditions including warm water, low vertical wind shear and good outflow, it gradually began to intensify. Initially, the exact direction of forward movement was somewhat uncertain, although a northwestward track was predicted. On the morning of October 15, visible satellite imagery suggested that the center of circulation was located northeast of the previous estimates. Thunderstorm activity organized close to the center by 1400 UTC, and by 1800 UTC the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Lester. Shortly thereafter, the storm took a slight jog to the west, and at the same time outflow became restricted to the southwest of the circulation. At 1400 UTC on October 16, data from a Reconnaissance Aircraft confirmed that the storm had attained hurricane intensity with a minimum central pressure of 992 mb. The first signs of an eye began to appear embedded within a ring of deep convection by early on October 17, while moving west-northwest at about . Shortly after, the hurricane became nearly stationary due to a shortwave which passed north of the system, shortly before reaching Category 2 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Early on October 18, the eye began to wobble slightly and the ring of cold cloud tops were showing signs of disorganization, slowing further intensification for several hours. At 1400 UTC, Lester's winds increased to and the storm made its closest approach to land on October 18, about south of Puerto Angel, Oaxaca. Later that day, it weakened to Category 1 status, although quickly re-intensified. Vertical wind shear associated with a mid-to-upper-level low pressure system developed and began to affect the storm's circulation on October 19, thus weakening it slightly. However, early on October 20 the hurricane regained organization and once again intensified. Lester strengthened to reach a peak intensity of on October 22, about southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. Coinciding with its peak intensity, a shortwave trough caused Lester to stall before turning to the southwest and weakening. At 0200 UTC on October 23 Lester rapidly lost deep convection, and weakened to Category 1 status. Later that morning, the storm was downgraded to a tropical storm while tracking southwest. By October 24, the low-level center of circulation became exposed from the cloud structure, and at 0000 UTC on October 26, Lester had degenerated into a tropical depression, about southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula, shortly before dissipating. Preparations and impact In anticipation of the storm, the government of Mexico issued a hurricane warning from Puerto Arista to Punta Maldonaldo and later from Salina Cruz to Acapulco. A tropical storm warning was also issued from Sipacate, Guatemala to Puerto Arista, Mexico. The threat of the hurricane prompted officials to order the evacuation of 3,000 people along the southern coast of Mexico to 500 emergency shelters. The storm dropped heavy rainfall across southwestern Guatemala. Up to of rainfall was reported in localized areas along the Pacific coast of the country. Moisture brought around the northeast periphery of the Sierra Madre Occidental led to a narrow band of heavy rainfall along the upslope side of the mountain range, with a local precipitation maximum exceeding . It is reported that tropical-storm-force winds occurred along coastal areas of southern Mexico. The rainfall destroyed some houses and killed numerous livestock, and triggered a mudslide which killed two children. In Honduras, rainfall from Lester destroyed a bridge which affected transportation for about 1,000 people. Heavy rainfall was reported in Chiapas, causing moderate river flooding though no reported damage. 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17169020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs	2001 Calder Cup playoffs	The 2001 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 10, 2001. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-five series for division semifinals and best-of-seven series for division finals and conference finals. The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 28, 2001, with the Saint John Flames defeating the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins four games to two to win the first, and only, Calder Cup in team history. Saint John's Steve Begin won the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as AHL playoff MVP. Wilkes-Barre Scranton defenseman Chris Kelleher set an AHL playoff record for points scored by a defenseman in one playoff with 25 (7 goals, 18 assists). This record was broken in 2008 by Wilkes-Barre/Scranton defenseman Alex Goligoski. Playoff seeds After the 2000–01 AHL regular season, 16 teams qualified for the playoffs. The top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. However, due to the uneven number of teams in each division, it was possible for teams to crossover to another division for the playoffs. The fifth-placed team in the New England Division could qualify for the fourth playoff spot in the Canadian Division if they earned more points than the fourth-placed team in the Canadian Division. The fifth-placed team in the Mid-Atlantic Division could qualify for the fourth playoff spot in the South Division if they earned more points than the fourth-placed team in the South Division. The Worcester IceCats were the Eastern Conference regular season champions as well as the Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners with the best overall regular season record. The Rochester Americans were the Western Conference regular season champions. Eastern Conference Canadian Division Saint John Flames – 100 points Quebec Citadelles – 89 points St. John's Maple Leafs – 80 points New England Division Worcester IceCats – Eastern Conference regular season champions; Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners, 108 points Hartford Wolf Pack – 94 points Providence Bruins – 84 points Lowell Lock Monsters – 80 points Portland Pirates – 74 points (Played in the Canadian Division bracket by virtue of earning more points than the fourth-placed team in that division) Western Conference Mid-Atlantic Division Rochester Americans – Western Conference regular season champions, 104 points Syracuse Crunch – 83 points Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins – 83 points Philadelphia Phantoms – 82 points Hershey Bears – 75 points (Played in the South Division bracket by virtue of earning more points than the fourth-placed team in that division) Southern Division Kentucky Thoroughblades – 97 points Cincinnati Mighty Ducks – 95 points Norfolk Admirals – 90 points Bracket In each round the team that earned more points during the regular season receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations. Division Semifinals Note 1: All times are in Eastern Time (UTC−4). Note 2: Game times in italics signify games to be played only if necessary. Note 3: Home team is listed first. Eastern Conference Canadian Division (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (N5) Portland Pirates (C2) Quebec Citadelles vs. (C3) St. John's Maple Leafs New England Division (N1) Worcester IceCats vs. (N4) Lowell Lock Monsters (N2) Hartford Wolf Pack vs. (N3) Providence Bruins Western Conference Mid-Atlantic Division (M1) Rochester Americans vs. (M4) Philadelphia Phantoms (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (M3) Syracuse Crunch Southern Division (S1) Kentucky Thoroughblades vs. (M5) Hershey Bears (S2) Cincinnati Mighty Ducks vs. (S3) Norfolk Admirals 1 – at Cincinnati Gardens 2 – at Norfolk, Virginia Division Finals Eastern Conference Canadian Division (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (C2) Quebec Citadelles New England Division (N1) Worcester IceCats vs. (N3) Providence Bruins Western Conference Mid-Atlantic Division (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (M4) Philadelphia Phantoms Southern Division (S3) Norfolk Admirals vs. (M5) Hershey Bears Conference finals Eastern Conference (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (N3) Providence Bruins Western Conference (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (M5) Hershey Bears Calder Cup Final (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins See also 2000–01 AHL season List of AHL seasons References Calder Cup playoffs Calder Cup	[ 464, 5878, 36468, 5454, 12980, 286, 262, 1605, 17277, 4041, 2540, 319, 3035, 838, 11, 5878, 13, 383, 27913, 3466, 326, 10617, 11, 3624, 422, 1123, 4495, 11, 2826, 1266, 12, 1659, 12, 13261, 2168, 329, 7297, 47633, 290, 1266, 12, 1659, 12, 26548, 2168, 329, 7297, 18576, 290, 4495, 18576, 13, 220, 383, 4495, 7827, 2826, 257, 1266, 12, 1659, 12, 26548, 2168, 329, 262, 36468, 5454, 13, 383, 36468, 5454, 8125, 4444, 319, 1737, 2579, 11, 5878, 11, 351, 262, 9281, 1757, 25814, 21320, 262, 5187, 5209, 12, 33, 9624, 14, 3351, 5250, 261, 29755, 1440, 1830, 284, 734, 284, 1592, 262, 717, 11, 290, 691, 11, 36468, 5454, 287, 1074, 2106, 13, 198, 198, 48615, 1757, 338, 6542, 16623, 1839, 262, 3619, 317, 13, 18971, 3245, 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17169044	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotts%20Seaplane%20Base	Scotts Seaplane Base	Scotts Seaplane Base is a public use seaplane base located in the community of Crane Lake, in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. It is privately owned by Darrell Scott and is also known at Scott's Seaplane Base. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Scotts Seaplane Base is assigned CDD by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned CDD to Cauquira, Honduras). Facilities and aircraft Scotts Seaplane Base covers an area of at an elevation of 1,119 feet (341 m) above mean sea level. It has two seaplane landing areas: 7W/25W is 8,000 x 1,000 feet (2,438 x 305 m) and 16W/34W is 7,000 x 1,000 feet (2,134 x 305 m). For the 12-month period ending June 30, 2003, the airport had 8,000 aircraft operations, an average of 21 per day: 61% general aviation and 39% air taxi. See also List of airports in Minnesota References External links Scott's Resort & Seaplane Base Airports in Minnesota Seaplane bases in the United States Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Minnesota Transportation in St. Louis County, Minnesota	[ 37559, 912, 6896, 14382, 7308, 220, 318, 257, 1171, 779, 5417, 14382, 2779, 5140, 287, 262, 2055, 286, 38376, 6233, 11, 287, 9281, 5593, 3418, 11, 8919, 11, 1578, 1829, 13, 632, 318, 17092, 6898, 416, 44882, 4746, 290, 318, 635, 1900, 379, 4746, 338, 6896, 14382, 7308, 13, 198, 198, 7003, 749, 471, 13, 50, 13, 22600, 779, 262, 976, 1115, 12, 9291, 4067, 27421, 329, 262, 26228, 290, 314, 13563, 11, 7130, 912, 6896, 14382, 7308, 318, 8686, 6458, 35, 416, 262, 26228, 475, 468, 645, 22566, 422, 262, 314, 13563, 357, 4758, 8686, 6458, 35, 284, 327, 559, 421, 8704, 11, 32982, 737, 198, 198, 47522, 2410, 290, 6215, 220, 198, 37559, 912, 6896, 14382, 7308, 8698, 281, 1989, 286, 220, 379, 281, 22910, 286, 352, 11, 16315, 3625, 357, 33660, 285, 8, 2029, 1612, 5417, 1241, 13, 632, 468, 734, 5417, 14382, 9581, 3006, 25, 767, 54, 14, 1495, 54, 318, 807, 11, 830, 2124, 352, 11, 830, 3625, 357, 17, 11, 43704, 2124, 32747, 285, 8, 290, 1467, 54, 14, 2682, 54, 318, 767, 11, 830, 2124, 352, 11, 830, 3625, 357, 17, 11, 19880, 2124, 32747, 285, 737, 1114, 262, 1105, 12, 8424, 2278, 7464, 2795, 1542, 11, 5816, 11, 262, 9003, 550, 807, 11, 830, 6215, 4560, 11, 281, 2811, 286, 2310, 583, 1110, 25, 8454, 4, 2276, 22548, 290, 5014, 4, 1633, 17536, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 8053, 286, 22600, 287, 8919, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 19040, 338, 28345, 1222, 6896, 14382, 7308, 198, 198, 16170, 3742, 287, 8919, 198, 37567, 14382, 12536, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 15580, 654, 290, 8573, 287, 520, 13, 5593, 3418, 11, 8919, 198, 8291, 10189, 287, 520, 13, 5593, 3418, 11, 8919 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Bataille%27s%20Story%20of%20the%20Eye	Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye	Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is a 2004 experimental film adaptation of the 1928 novel Story of the Eye by the French writer Georges Bataille. The film, directed by Andrew Repasky McElhinney, takes place in a seemingly abandoned house where a group of people engage in wordless acts of passion. The film covers a period from evening to morning, and the sexual couplings among the members of the house become increasingly harrowing as daylight arrives. Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye began as a video installation before being reconfigured into a feature-length film. Variety said the movie affirmed McElhinney's "certifiable coolness." The movie had its New York theatrical premiere in September 2004, and its support was led by Dave Kehr of The New York Times, who wrote of the production; "This is transgression in a literal sense, an act of aggression that Bataille would no doubt have appreciated. This is not a movie for passive consumption, but a film that bites back." In the essay, "Realism, Real Sex, And The Experimental Film – Mediating Eroticism In 'Georges Bataille's Story of The Eye,'" Beth Johnson examines the roles of dreams in McElhinney's cinema stating; "McElhinney's vision can equally be likened to earlier, non-erotic appropriations of the transgression of reality such as The Never Ending Story (Die unendliche Geschichte, Wolfgang Petersen, 1984), a film that shows the relay between reality and fantasy through the use of a joystick control, used to access other realms of/in space and time." Cast Upon the 2016 death of Melissa Elizabeth Forgione, the star of Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye, director Andrew Repasky McElhinney stated, "She was a brave performer who was always willing to take risks. She was also a gifted photographer and a camera operator...I cannot find the words to articulate the meaningfulness of our personal relationship." Production Locations Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye(2003) was primarily shot at the (now demolished) Locust Club at 1616 Locust Street, center city Philadelphia,PA, November–December 2002. Exteriors were shot on condemned blocks of Arlington Street, Camden, New Jersey May 2003. Reception Film Threat declared Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye "a new landmark in underground cinema. The film is an artistic assault on both the senses and sensibility. Mixing equal parts of surrealism, eroticism, and silliness into a vibrant package rich with lush cinematography and a challenging soundtrack, it is a brilliant achievement that demands attention and challenges the audience in a way that few films today can dare to achieve." The San Francisco Bay Guardian wrote "Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is a provocation that hypnotizes, a hallucinatory narcotic." Variety called it "a punk-pornocopia equivalent to Last Year at Marienbad" Dr. Beth Johnson of University of Leeds' School of Media and Communication wrote a monograph on McElhinney's movie titled "Realism, Real Sex, And The Experimental Film - Mediating Eroticism in 'Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye.'" The critical study is included in the Palgrave-Macmillan's volume Realism and the Audiovisual Media, edited by Lucia Nagib and Cecilia Mello which seeks to "examines two recent phenomena: the return of realist tendencies and practices in world cinema and television, and the 'rehabilitation' of realism in film and media theory." In "Realism, Real Sex, And The Experimental Film - Mediating Eroticism in 'Gerorges Bataille's Story of the Eye," Johnson writes that McElhinney's film is "an account not of the life, but of the myth of Georges Bataille" and that the "extensive use of mirrors throughout the film points to the importance of self-reflexive spectatorship." Johnson goes onto explore how McElhinney purposefully 'misuses' the 'uncanny' and that these "deliberate 'uncanny' misconceptions are a signal that Bataille haunt McElhinney's scene but is not part of it" surmising that "McElhinney's appropriation of Batallie's novella indicates his own avant-garde status as a director who has chosen formally to revise serious sexual literature on screen in a non-titillating way." Describing Geroges Bataille's Story of the Eye, Johnson pens that "McElhinney dispenses (almost entirely) with conventions that differentiate film from visual and video art. Speech is purposefully sparse, relationships between characters are neither explained nor set against any recognizable moral/familial scheme, and there is little narrative or plot. Interestingly, whereas McElhinney designates his work as film, conventionally the text appears to adhere to definitions of video art" and that the "effect on the spectator can thus be perceived as a violent rocking motion, leaving the viewer with a feeling of disorientation, nausea, and fascination." Johnson remarks that "McElhinney's vision in Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is interesting in the way which it combines avant-garde filmmaking and underground, trash, queer, and explicit content. It also allusively sketches in the history of eroticism from the nineteenth century to the present including the boredom that Bataille finds in 'the pleasures of the flesh' that are served up for delectation of decent people." In conclusion, Johnson connects her observations on McElhinney's Bataille movie back to Bataille himself. "The power of the spectator is further interrogated by the ambiguous reality of witnessing female characters/actors' trauma. After watching women endlessly climb the staircase, we see her finally reaching the top. The woman walks towards a window and witnesses (by the slicing of the original footage) the murder of the former American President John F. Kennedy. As previously mentioned, this scene posits a Bataillean reference in that it demonstrates the visual spectacle of death and links it, in proximity to the erotic image of woman by way of making visible the eroticism of Jackie Kennedy's proximity to (her lover's) death. As Bataille states in Inner Experience: 'There is in understanding a blind spot: which is reminiscent of the structure of the eye. That nature of understanding demands that the blind spot within it be more meaningful than understanding itself'(110). Thus, as Bataille explicates, the blind spot 'absorbs one's attention: it is no longer the spot which loses itself in knowledge, but knowledge which loses itself in it'(111). References External links ARMcinema25.com Andrew Repasky McElhinney's website The Chestnut Hill Local. "Charismatic G'town dancer/actress/designer dies at 39." 21 February 2016. https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/stories/charismatic-gtown-danceractressdesigner- dies-at-39,8051 Film Threat International 22 September 2004. https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/georges- batailles-story-of-the-eye The Film Journal- "Gene Bender: An Interview with Andrew Repasky McElhinney." Issue 11, January 2005. ISSN:1542-0868 Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye at Rotten Tomatoes The New York Times> Movies> Movie Review \|' Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye': Exploring the Temptation to Look (and to Look Away) https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/22/movies/exploring-the-temptation-to-look-and-to-look- away.html Realism and the Audiovisual Media. Hampshire,UK: Palgrave, Macmillan, 2009. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9780230577220 "Realism, Real Sex, and the Experimental Film: Mediating Eroticism in Geroges Bataille's Story of the Eye -https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230246973 10 2004 films 2000s avant-garde and experimental films American avant-garde and experimental films Films based on French novels Georges Bataille 2000s American films	[ 33428, 274, 6577, 603, 293, 338, 8362, 286, 262, 14144, 318, 257, 5472, 11992, 2646, 16711, 286, 262, 35768, 5337, 8362, 286, 262, 14144, 416, 262, 4141, 6260, 6850, 274, 6577, 603, 293, 13, 220, 383, 2646, 11, 7924, 416, 6858, 1432, 2093, 88, 1982, 9527, 20079, 1681, 11, 2753, 1295, 287, 257, 9775, 9958, 2156, 810, 257, 1448, 286, 661, 8209, 287, 1573, 1203, 6529, 286, 7506, 13, 220, 383, 2646, 8698, 257, 2278, 422, 6180, 284, 3329, 11, 290, 262, 3206, 2284, 47093, 1871, 262, 1866, 286, 262, 2156, 1716, 6481, 45736, 355, 26010, 14443, 13, 198, 198, 33428, 274, 6577, 603, 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17169102	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9%20law	Pelé law	The Pelé law is a Brazilian law that forces professional sports clubs to observe business law and pay tax within two years. Introduction On March 24, 1998, Law N. 9.615/98 stipulates that by 2001, clubs can sign a maximum five-year contract with a player when they turns 16 and stand to receive only a "penalty fee" of up to 100 times their monthly wage if they leaves before then. If a player fulfills the contract without renewing then they can leave and join a new club as a free agent. The previous club receives no transfer fee or compensation in this transaction with the player's new club. The introduction of Pelé law also permits the formation of independent leagues by sports clubs across Brazil, which was a notion not previously allowed under the governance of the Brazilian Football Confederation. The original aspects of Pelé law As referred to above, Pelé law regulates all aspects of sports in Brazil. This law embraces general rules about Brazilian sports law, regardless of the sports modality in question. Due to its comprehensive nature we will restrict our analysis to the most controversial aspects. We will not discuss some aspects of Pelé law, such as disciplinary codes, Brazilian internal sports organization, sports courts composing, gambling regulations and other. This analysis includes the following aspects: (i) establishment of leagues; (ii) establishment of for profit sports enterprise organizations; (iii) labor contracts rules; (iv) Arena; and (v) insurance policies for athletes. Establishment of leagues Article 20 of Pelé law and its 5 subsections regulate the establishment of leagues. The caput of this article allows clubs that take part in any national or regional competition and are members of the Brazilian National Sports System to found leagues. These leagues will be private legal entities, and may, among other issues, negotiate on behalf of their members, sponsorship agreements, advertising and broadcasting contracts. The establishment of leagues must be notified to the national sports administration entities (“NSAE”) such as federations and confederations and such leagues are totally independent from the NSAE. Since the leagues are independent from the referred to entities, these are not allowed to interfere with the league private matters. Affiliation with a league does not imply in disaffiliation of the NSAE board. The club may participate in competitions organized by both entities, without legal restriction. Arising form such legal permission, from 2001 football clubs started to organize themselves in leagues, which lead to the weakening of “CBF” (Brazilian Football Confederation) political power, for that body would no longer organize the Brazilian football championship, being left to organize solely the Brazil Cup, and being responsible for the national team. However, aiming to avoid confrontation with CBF, and consequently with FIFA, as well as avoiding the possibility of being forbidden to take part in the Copa Libertadores, the teams taking part in the Brazilian Professional Football League agreed that the Brazilian Championship in 2002 will be organized and promoted by the League jointly with CBF. Establishment of for-profit sports enterprise organizations According to articles 27 and 27A in Pelé law, any club – be it of football or not – has the right to shift into a corporation, such change not being mandatory. Differing from Spain and Portugal, there is no specific modality of a company destined exclusively to sports clubs in Brazil. There is no such a legal entity as called a "sports joint stock company". In case a club should have the interest in a total change - or a change specifically in its football or volleyball department - into a corporation, the model adopted could be any of those as foreseen by law. That is, on deciding to change into a corporation, the club can make an option for a Stock Company, a Limited Liability Company, a Foundation, among other. Following the established in FIFA Statute (article 7, N.5), taking into consideration the ENIC case, and aiming to reassure the "incertitude sportive", Law N. 9.981/00 has imposed a veto to any simultaneous participation of an individual or a corporation in the capital stock of two or more clubs disputing the same professional competition. Such veto also embraces the joint ownership investments, indirect capital participation, and relatives ownership in sports clubs. The sponsorship in shirts and the administration of trademark and sports events ("stadiums") exploitation are counted out of this veto. Weird as it can be, that same article brings the prohibition of companies granted with the exploitation of radio and television services, be it open television or cable, to sponsor any sports club. Professional athlete's labor contract Article 28 of Pelé law stipulates the most relevant aspects of the professional athlete's labor contract (PALC), that are: all labor contracts must be written and co-signed by athlete and a club, or a club enterprise; have a specific and determinate term; payment for the service must be clearly stated in the contract; and penalty clause in cases of defaulting, breaching of contract and unilateral rescission of the contract. The absence of any of above mentioned aspects will nullify the contract. A valid contract is formed only if both parties intend the act of signing to be the last act in the formation of a binding contract. The requirement of a written contract implies that the athlete must be able to understand its terms and sign his or her name and also to avoid discussions about the existence of labor relation between the club and athlete. The parties in a PALC must be an athlete and a club or a sports enterprise. This provision intends to hinder the action of agents. However, the law does not prohibit the ownership of a club by an agent. The term of a PALC must be clearly stated in the contract, and pursuant to Article 30 of Pelé law the minimum term of a PALC is 3 (three) months and a maximum is 5 (five) years. However, a PALC may have its terms suspended if the athlete becomes unable to exercise his activity due to an occupational accident or disease, suffered in the club or while defending any team selection. Article 31 of Pelé law provides that if the club has not effected partially or totally the payment for the services for 3 (three) consecutive months, the PALC can be rescinded by the athlete without the latter incurring in any fine. Moreover, pursuant article 32 of Pelé law, if the mentioned partial or total late payment lasts 2 (two) or more months, the athlete is allowed to stop playing for his team. In case the athlete is asked to integrate the national or regional team, pursuant to article 41, the NSAE responsible for the national team shall be liable for the payment of the wages of the athletes for the services during the period that he/she will be under NSAE disposal. The payment encompasses not only wages but also gratification, bonuses, benefits and reserves. Two other forms of payment may be included in the contract. These are known as (i) "bicho" and (ii) Arena. The Arena will be explained later. "Bicho" is a money prize paid by the club to an athlete according to the team's performance, such as winning a championship, winning or drawing a match, qualifying to other championship phases, among others. The "bicho" may be established in the contract, but this is not usual. Paragraph #2 of article 28 is one of the most controversial aspects of the Pelé law, once it has abolished the "passe". "Passe" was a legal determination that an athlete remains "tied" to the club even after the termination of a labor contract. Therefore, a tie-release amount was due to the club by another club if the latter wished to offer the athlete a new labor contract. Pursuant article 93 of Pelé law, the abolishment of "passe" only took effectiveness on March 24, 2001. After the extinction of the "passe", what will keep the athlete bound to a football club is his labor contract, and at the final term of this the athlete will be free to change teams without payment of any indemnification whatsoever to his former club. However, in case the athlete wishes to change clubs during the effectiveness of his contract, or in case the club wishes to release the athlete during the contract effectiveness, the payment of penalty for rescission shall be due, according to the contract provisions for such events. According to paragraph 3 of article 38 in Pelé law, the amount of the penalty clause is freely established by the parties entering the contract, but shall be limited to 100 times the annual remuneration agreed to. Paragraph 4 of that same article establishes an automatic annual reduction on the penalty clause. On the first year of the accomplished contract, the penalty clause shall have a reduction of 10%; on the second year, the reduction shall be of 20%; on the third year, 40%; and on the fourth year, 80%. It is important to note that according to Pelé law, the limit of the penalty clause and the referred to reductions will only be applicable in the transfers between Brazilian clubs. When such transfer occurs to foreign clubs, the amount of the penalty clause is of free stipulation. There are two more exceptions to the amount of the penalty clause, being both of them only applicable in the event of the club having formed the player from its base categories: In this case, the maximum amount for the penalty clause, in the rescission of a labor contract during its effectiveness, is no longer of 100 times the annual remuneration, but increases to 200 times such value; and If at the end of the labor contract, for the period of 6 months as counted from the end of the contract, and provided the club continues paying that athlete's wages, the amount for the penalty clause can be up to 150 times the contracted annual remuneration. Arena (broadcast rights) Arena is a right that the club has due to the use of its image during a match. The club has the right to negotiate the broadcasting of its matches and participation on championships as established in the caput of article 42 of Pelé law. However, pursuant to paragraph # 1 of the same article, 20% (twenty per cent) of the income related to the broadcasting of the matches must be equally distributed to all Athletes of the team. The amounts received as transfer of the broadcasting rights are not considered wages, therefore they cannot be used as basis for calculation of the penalty clause established in article 28 of Pelé law as explained above. Insurance policies for athletes Article 45 of Pelé law obliges the club to insure all its Athletes. The relevant insurance policies must cover personal and occupational accidents. Pelé law provides that the indemnity must correspond to the negotiated annual wages of the athlete. Modifications to the law By Oct 2002, for being a controversial law, given it changed drastically the football culture in Brazil, Pelé law has been suffering mutilations since its promulgation. In less than 4 years of being in force, the law has already been through 3 major alterations, most of them based financial and political interests, never sports ones. Only 58% of the original text remains. References General Aspects of Brazilian Sports Law and Its Daily Applicability Written 2002 by Luiz Roberto Martins Castro Taxation in Brazil Association football law 2001 in Brazilian football 2001 in Brazil	[ 464, 12903, 2634, 1099, 318, 257, 17036, 1099, 326, 3386, 4708, 5701, 9784, 284, 12414, 1597, 1099, 290, 1414, 1687, 1626, 734, 812, 13, 198, 198, 21906, 198, 2202, 2805, 1987, 11, 7795, 11, 3854, 399, 13, 860, 13, 47007, 14, 4089, 22111, 15968, 326, 416, 5878, 11, 9784, 460, 1051, 257, 5415, 1936, 12, 1941, 2775, 351, 257, 2137, 618, 484, 4962, 1467, 290, 1302, 284, 3328, 691, 257, 366, 3617, 6017, 6838, 1, 286, 510, 284, 1802, 1661, 511, 9651, 7699, 611, 484, 5667, 878, 788, 13, 1002, 257, 2137, 8456, 2171, 262, 2775, 1231, 6931, 278, 788, 484, 460, 2666, 290, 4654, 257, 649, 3430, 355, 257, 1479, 5797, 13, 383, 2180, 3430, 11583, 645, 4351, 6838, 393, 9836, 287, 428, 8611, 351, 262, 2137, 338, 649, 3430, 13, 198, 198, 464, 9793, 286, 12903, 2634, 1099, 635, 13892, 262, 9978, 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17169135	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanle	Karanle	The Karanle is a major Somali, sub clan of Hawiye. The Karanle inhabit Galgaduud, Banadir, Mogadishu, Hiiraan, Shabeellaha Hoose, Lower Juba and Mudug regions in Somalia; the Somali Region of Ethiopia; the region of Oromia surrounding the city of Harar and North Eastern Province in Kenya. The Karanle are traditionally the eldest subclan of Hawiye and have played an important role in mediation. They are said to be the maternal ancestors of many large clan families such as the Hiraab, the Bimal and some Ogaden subclans. The Karanle are credited for fighting foreign invaders in Somalia and Ethiopia where they historically shared a long border. Karanle are divided into four subclans Kaariye Karanle Gidir Karanle Seexawle Karanle Murusade Karanle Notable Karanle members Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Somali Imam and General of the Adal Sultanate, Ruler of Harar and Conqueror of Ethiopia Sheikh Mohamed Khalif, Harari Scholar, Muslim Ato who introduced Islam of Emperor Lij Yasu Hassan Ali Khaire, Prime Minister of Somalia, 2017–2020 Abdulkadir Yahya Ali, Peace Activist, Founder of the Center for Research and Dialogue Ali Mohamed Osoble "Wardhigley", MP Elected from Mogadishu, Minister of Information, Health and Labour, Vice Chairman of SNM, Chairman of USC Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, Politician, Businessman, Chairman of the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) Hassan Moalim, Minister, Power Broker, Chairman of Daljir Party References Ethnic groups in Somalia Somali clans Somali clans in Ethiopia	[ 464, 9375, 272, 293, 318, 257, 1688, 30886, 11, 850, 19065, 286, 6091, 72, 5948, 13, 383, 9375, 272, 293, 14527, 5027, 70, 324, 84, 463, 11, 10274, 324, 343, 11, 30926, 48563, 84, 11, 15902, 8704, 272, 11, 911, 11231, 695, 12236, 9544, 577, 11, 16048, 449, 22013, 290, 32878, 1018, 7652, 287, 23918, 26, 262, 30886, 17718, 286, 31592, 26, 262, 3814, 286, 440, 398, 544, 7346, 262, 1748, 286, 2113, 283, 290, 2258, 8345, 22783, 287, 21506, 13, 198, 198, 464, 9375, 272, 293, 389, 16083, 262, 34331, 850, 565, 272, 286, 6091, 72, 5948, 290, 423, 2826, 281, 1593, 2597, 287, 41077, 13, 1119, 389, 531, 284, 307, 262, 22160, 18668, 286, 867, 1588, 19065, 4172, 884, 355, 262, 367, 8704, 397, 11, 262, 347, 4402, 290, 617, 25686, 40780, 850, 565, 504, 13, 220, 220, 198, 198, 464, 9375, 272, 293, 389, 18141, 329, 4330, 3215, 39417, 287, 23918, 290, 31592, 810, 484, 15074, 4888, 257, 890, 4865, 13, 198, 198, 42, 19173, 293, 389, 9086, 656, 1440, 850, 565, 504, 198, 198, 37281, 2743, 5948, 9375, 272, 293, 198, 38, 312, 343, 9375, 272, 293, 198, 4653, 1069, 707, 293, 9375, 272, 293, 198, 23830, 385, 671, 9375, 272, 293, 198, 198, 45533, 9375, 272, 293, 1866, 220, 628, 24152, 47160, 30917, 435, 12, 41126, 7761, 11, 30886, 38386, 290, 3611, 286, 262, 1215, 282, 37399, 378, 11, 31808, 286, 2113, 283, 290, 40963, 273, 286, 31592, 628, 30843, 27469, 30126, 361, 11, 2113, 2743, 11713, 11, 3765, 317, 1462, 508, 5495, 3449, 286, 10851, 406, 2926, 25957, 84, 628, 24485, 12104, 509, 3099, 557, 11, 5537, 4139, 286, 23918, 11, 2177, 1906, 42334, 628, 17870, 12171, 324, 343, 35473, 3972, 12104, 11, 12689, 13144, 396, 11, 30153, 286, 262, 3337, 329, 4992, 290, 34709, 628, 12104, 27469, 440, 568, 903, 366, 49021, 25196, 1636, 1600, 4904, 5903, 276, 422, 30926, 48563, 84, 11, 4139, 286, 6188, 11, 3893, 290, 7179, 11, 11079, 12787, 286, 11346, 44, 11, 12787, 286, 18928, 628, 27469, 2483, 11392, 1195, 1092, 533, 11, 7793, 6749, 11, 7320, 805, 11, 12787, 286, 262, 10302, 329, 262, 36155, 286, 12689, 290, 15034, 12, 40194, 1042, 357, 36035, 4177, 8, 220, 628, 24485, 4270, 282, 320, 11, 4139, 11, 4333, 2806, 6122, 11, 12787, 286, 12348, 73, 343, 3615, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 40226, 6988, 2628, 287, 23918, 198, 50, 296, 7344, 38501, 198, 50, 296, 7344, 38501, 287, 31592 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169142	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patito%20Feo	Patito Feo	Patito Feo (in English, Ugly Duckling) is an Argentine telenovela produced by Ideas del Sur that aired in first run on Canal 13 from 2007 to 2008. After the success in Argentina, Disney Channel bought the broadcast rights and began broadcasting the TV show internationally, becoming a global phenomenon. Patito Feo is set in the Pretty Land School of Arts, a prestigious private music school on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, with a major plot line revolving around two teen girl groups – Las Populares, led by Patito Castro (Laura Esquivel) and Las Divinas, led by Antonella Lamas Bernardi (Brenda Asnicar) – who will compete to win the talent show and sign a record label. Plot Patricia, kindly known as Patito, has to left her humble life in Bariloche with her mother, Carmen, to move to the big city of Buenos Aires. For health reasons, both travel so Patito can receive the medical treatment that she needs. To Carmen's surprise, the doctor of the hospital will be her unforgettable old love, Leandro, the unknown father that Patito has been waiting to find for years. Due to her passion for music, Patito joins the Pretty Land School of Arts, where she will meet Antonella, the queen bee of the prestigious private school. Antonella is the daughter of Blanca, who is engaged to Leandro for financial reasons. Antonella is unaware that her family is made up of a group of swindlers, which is why her presumed deceased father is actually in prison in Spain. Patito and Antonella will become best frenemies. Despite their differences, both share the same dreams: reunite with their respective fathers and became music stars. Two decisive groups will be formed at the Pretty Land School of Arts: Las Divinas, led by Antonella, and Las Populares, led by Patito, who will compete to win the talent show and sign a record label. Cast Main characters Laura Esquivel as Patricia "Patito" Díaz-Rivarola Castro Brenda Asnicar as Antonella Lamas Bernardi Juan Darthés as Leandro Díaz Rivarola Griselda Siciliani as Carmen Castro Gloria Carrá as Blanca Bernardi Las Populares Thelma Fardin as Josefina Beltrán Eva De Dominici as Tamara Valiente María Sol Berecoechea as Sol Démini Gastón Soffritti as Matías Beltrán Juan Manuel Guilera as Gonzalo Molina Rodrigo Velilla as Felipe Sánchez Nicolás Zuviria as Alan Luna Nicolás Torcanowsky as Santiago Peep Las Divinas Camila Outon as Pía Zanetti Camila Salazar as Caterina Artina Nicole Luis as Luciana Menditegüi Andrés Gil as Bruno Molina Santiago Talledo as Guido Leinez Brian Vainberg as Facundo Lamas Bernardi Background The series started filming in 2006 in Buenos Aires. With a huge marketing push, the show started its run in April 2007 in Canal 13. In September of that year, the show started airing in the entire Spanish-speaking Latin America market on the Disney Channel and soon, the program became a sensation among kids and teens in the entire continent. When it debuted, Patito Feo performed exceptionally not only on TV but also on merchandising sales. The soundtrack album was the best-selling album of 2008 in the country and over 100 licensed products were released. An official magazine exceeded sales expectations and had its initial print sold out within a week and a stamp album also had record sales for Panini in Argentina. The song Las Divinas was the best-selling ringtone ever in the country. In Argentina, 400.000 tickets were sold for the first national live tour, over 150.000 in Buenos Aires and 90.000 in the litoral city of Mar Del Plata during the summer. Afterwards, the complete cast toured Latin America with over 700.000 tickets sold for shows in Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Panama, Dominican Republic, Uruguay, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, El Salvador, Bolivia and Paraguay. In 2008, Patito Feo won the Martin Fierro Award and received a nomination for the International Emmy Award for Best Children & Young Adults program. The show became a huge success soon after its debut. The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 2007 according to CAPIF, over 70 licensed products were released and the cast toured Argentina (with stops in Buenos Aires, where over 160,000 people saw the live concert, Mendoza, Córdoba, Mar del Plata, Rosario, Salta, Tucuman and Santa Fe) and, subsequently, the rest of South America, North America and Central America with stops in Mexico, Chile, Uruguay, Panama, Dominican Republic, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, El Salvador, Bolivia and Turkey, selling out arenas and stadiums. In 2008, Patito Feo won the Martin Fierro Award and received a nomination for the International Emmy Award for Best Children & Young Adults program. Although the show was incredibly well received by the audience, Patito Feo attracted huge criticism due to the fact it glamorized the villains, a group of mean and beautiful girls that called themselves Las Divinas (The Divines). Besides being superficial, Las Divinas were also mean and bullied Patito. The fact the villains were much more popular among young girls than the main character caused concern over some groups and the issue was even on the cover Noticias, Argentina's most important current affairs magazine, under the headline "The Triumph of Discrimination". In early 2008, under the name De Tout Mon Coeur, Patito Feo started airing on children channel Gulli in France. It soon became a huge success, being the most-watched show on the channel. A few months later, Elastic Rights bought the rights to distribute the show in Italy, Portugal and Spain. In Italy, Il Mondo di Patty and debuted on the Disney Channel and soon became a gigantic hit. Due to the big popularity, a huge merchandising line was unveiled and Laura Esquivel visited the country to promote the show. The rights were bought by terrestrial Mediaset-owned Italia 1 which started airing the show in the Summer of 2009. Il Mondo di Patty became an even bigger success in the country, being one of the most-watched shows on the channel. Also in 2008, Patito Feo debuted on Cartoon Network in Spain. It was very well received and became one of the top shows among young girls on cable. In 2009, it debuted on the Disney Channel and became one of the highest-rated shows on cable in Spain, topping Hannah Montana. In Italy and Spain, the show spawned over 200 merchandising including toys, apparel, cosmetics, food items and a video game for PlayStation and a special Singstar game. The soundtrack album was certified over 5× Platinum in both countries. It was also a huge rating hit in Portugal, Greece and Turkey. In Greece, the album was certified for 11× Platinum. With the success of the show, Laura Esquivel launched a successful Italian acting career in Italy, where she stars in movies and TV shows. Legal problems between the executive producers of the show and the production company made hard for the cast to tour in those countries. However, a new musical with local actors was licensed and, even though none of the original cast members were part of the production (with the exception of Laura Esquivel for a few special presentations), over 250.000 tickets were sold in Italy and Spain. Over 30.000 tickets were sold for concerts in Athens. Legal problems In late 2008, Alejandro Stoessel, creator of Patito, was fired. Disagreements between him and the production company started after two shows he was in charge of, the second season of Patito Feo and the teen-oriented show Atraccion x 4, failed to reach expectations and ended up being canceled. After parting ways with the company, he started a lawsuit against Ideas del Sur asking for a part of Patito Feo profits because he claims he was responsible for creating the entire concept. The lawsuit not only was the reason a new leg of a Latin American tour was canceled but also a European tour, where the show was also enjoying huge popularity. After his dismissal, Alejandro Stoessel was hired by Dori Media to develop a new show targeted to kids and teenagers. At the same time, Ideas del Sur started to develop a new youth-oriented show, Malcriados (now titled Consentidos), and chose Brenda Asnicar, who had enjoyed high popularity in her role as Antonella, as one of the lead actresses. At the same time, Dori Media and Stoessel wanted her to star in their new show, Ñeka. Brenda finally decided to do the Dori Media project and, not satisfied with being turned down, Ideas de Sur started a lawsuit against Brenda's management since her contract stipulated she should prioritize Ideas del Sur projects over other production companies. Finally, Ñeka was renamed Mia, mi Amiga Invisible and will debut at Mipcom in Cannes starring Brenda. But the show is also facing various lawsuits: besides Ideas del Sur, Valeria Britos, the creator of the original script (when it was titled Ñeka), is also suing Dori Media. The lawsuit prevented the cast, especially Brenda Asnicar, of touring across Europe in 2010 to promote the show. International release References External links Official site (archived 2007, in Spanish) Musical telenovelas 2007 telenovelas 2007 Argentine television series debuts 2008 Argentine television series endings 2000s children's television series Disney Channel original programming Spanish-language telenovelas Teen telenovelas Children's telenovelas El Trece telenovelas Television series about teenagers mk:Грдото пајче nap:Il Mondo Di Patty	[ 12130, 10094, 5452, 78, 357, 259, 3594, 11, 471, 10853, 21867, 1359, 8, 318, 281, 36399, 13632, 23397, 626, 64, 4635, 416, 35365, 1619, 4198, 326, 18530, 287, 717, 1057, 319, 31314, 1511, 422, 4343, 284, 3648, 13, 2293, 262, 1943, 287, 16519, 11, 8519, 11102, 5839, 262, 7025, 2489, 290, 2540, 22978, 262, 3195, 905, 19765, 11, 5033, 257, 3298, 10733, 13, 198, 198, 12130, 10094, 5452, 78, 318, 900, 287, 262, 20090, 6379, 3961, 286, 11536, 11, 257, 23566, 2839, 2647, 1524, 319, 262, 30140, 286, 46210, 44692, 11, 351, 257, 1688, 7110, 1627, 39350, 1088, 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17169144	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Berkowitz	Ralph Berkowitz	Ralph Berkowitz (September 5, 1910 – August 2, 2011) was an American composer, classical musician, and painter. Biography Berkowitz was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Romanian Jewish couple, Matilda and William Berkowitz who had emigrated from Roman and Bucharest. His father was instrumental in shaping young Ralph's musical culture and experience. In 1927, he enrolled at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia where he later became a member of the teaching staff. In 1940, he became accompanist for Gregor Piatigorsky, with whom he appeared until the cellist's death in 1976. Other musical partners included the tenor Jan Peerce, cellist Felix Salmond, and violinist and composer George Enescu. He recorded extensively with Piatigorsky and others, including the violinist Eudice Shapiro. From 1946 to 1951, Berkowitz served as an executive assistant to Serge Koussevitzky at Tanglewood and later became Dean of the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood in 1951, a position he held until 1961. As Dean, he presided over a faculty that included Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, and many others. Illustrious students in those years included Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel and Claudio Abbado. He, along with Boston Symphony manager Todd Perry, was largely instrumental in keeping the Tanglewood Festival alive following Koussevitsky's death. Berkowitz has been widely published as an arranger and composer. His A Telephone Call, for singer and orchestra is his most extended work. In 1961 Berkowitz moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he lived until his death in 2011. He first came to Albuquerque in 1940 to serve as a guest artist with a chamber music series called The June Music Festival. He remained active as an artist for the Festival into the 1980s. Berkowitz became manager of the then Albuquerque Civic Orchestra (now New Mexico Symphony Orchestra) when he moved to New Mexico and served until 1968, seeing the Orchestra through its move to its current home—Popejoy Hall at the University of New Mexico. Berkowitz commissioned Daron Hagen to compose one of his most intellectually rigorous works, a set of Piano Variations based on a theme made up of pitches derived from Berkowitz's and Hagen's names, in 2002. The work is available from Carl Fischer. Berkowitz reached his centenary in September 2010 and died in August of the following year. Discography "RCA Red Seal Century - Soloists & Conductors", 2 CD / RCA Records / 2001-10-23 "Stravinsky: Petroushka Suite; Toch: Violin Sonata", 1 CD / Crystal Records / 1998-01-02 References 1910 births 2011 deaths American classical pianists American male classical pianists American people of Romanian-Jewish descent Musicians from Brooklyn American centenarians 20th-century classical pianists Curtis Institute of Music alumni Curtis Institute of Music faculty Jewish American classical musicians 20th-century American pianists Classical musicians from New York (state) 20th-century American male musicians Men centenarians 21st-century American Jews	[ 49, 17307, 35595, 20951, 357, 17543, 642, 11, 31953, 784, 2932, 362, 11, 2813, 8, 373, 281, 1605, 26777, 11, 15993, 21623, 11, 290, 34537, 13, 198, 198, 23286, 4867, 198, 33, 9587, 20951, 373, 4642, 287, 12232, 11, 968, 1971, 284, 257, 220, 34344, 5582, 3155, 11, 6550, 27281, 290, 3977, 35595, 20951, 508, 550, 795, 38769, 422, 7993, 290, 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17169170	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood%20Speedway	Lakewood Speedway	Lakewood Speedway was a race track located south of Atlanta, Georgia, in Lakewood, just north of the eastern arm of Langford Parkway (formerly Lakewood Freeway). The track held many kinds of races between 1919 and 1979, including events sanctioned by AAA/USAC, IMCA, and NASCAR. It was a one-mile (1.6 km) dirt track which was located adjacent to Lakewood Fairgrounds. Lakewood Speedway was considered the "Indianapolis of the South" as it was located in the largest city in the Southern United States and it held an annual race of the Indy cars. History In 1916, Atlanta officials chose the Lakewood Fairgrounds as the site for agricultural fairs. They built a one-mile (1.6 km) horse racing track around a lake at the fairgrounds. The first events were held at the track on July 4, 1917. The feature events were a horse race and motorcycle race, before 23,000 spectators. A first automobile race was held at the track later that year; it featured Barney Oldfield in a match race against Ralph DePalma which attracted 15,000 spectators. In the 1920s and 1930s, the International Motor Contest Association (IMCA) held car racing events during fairs and the American Automobile Association (AAA)/USAC held an annual event on July 4. By 1938, the track was hosting races with champ cars, horses, midgets, modifieds, motorcycles, and boats (in the infield lake). The Atlantic States Racing Association, Central States Auto Racing Association, Gulf States Automobile Association, International Stock Car Racing Association, and Motor Internationale Association all sanctioned events at the track. The track closed in 1941, like all United States racetracks, because the U.S. government banned all automobile racing to conserve materials during World War II. Racing resumed after the war; Lakewood became the premier track on the National Stock Car Racing Association circuit. Following the NSCRA's folding, NASCAR held its first race at the track in 1951. It held eleven Grand National Series and two Convertible division races in the 1950s. Atlanta Motor Speedway opened 20 miles south of Atlanta in 1960. The new took away the NASCAR dates and began draining on Lakewood's appeal. Lakewood was resurfaced in 1967. Evel Knievel made an appearance at Lakewood Speedway in 1972. He was scheduled to make a jump, but had injured his back the week before. After another stuntman, Wicked Ward, performed the motorcycle jump, Evel Knievel was brought to the track in an ambulance, where he was lifted onto his motorcycle by four assistants. He then drove up and down the track, popping wheelies for the crowd. The track fell into disuse in the late 1970s. It officially closed on September 3, 1979 with Buck Simmons winning the final race ever held there, it was then allowed to be overgrown with grass and bushes. Monthly flea markets and a few concerts were held at the exhibition halls on the fairgrounds. As of 2008, the grandstand is still standing, but the third and fourth turns of the racetrack are covered by the back parking lot for Lakewood Amphitheatre. A road crosses the turn two, and the frontstretch was paved to become an access road to Lakewood Avenue. Most of the lake has been filled. Deaths at Lakewood Speedway Most of the infield was the lake, which made the track dangerous when drivers made a mistake. The turns at each end of the track had different radii, like Darlington Speedway has today. Several drivers died in crashes at the speedway. George Robson and George Barringer died in a four-car crash on the second last lap at a Champ car race on September 2, 1946. Billy De Vore was attempting to finish the race at a slow pace after he had engine problems when Robson crashed into his car. Robson was unable to see De Vore's car until it was too late because the dust in the air caused limited visibility. De Vore's car was pushed over a stone wall. Robson's car was hit by Barringer and Bud Bardowski's cars. Only nine cars were running at the time of the accident. Robson and Barringer died shortly after arriving at an area hospital. Race leader Ted Horn saw the crash; he futilely attempted to flag down the other drivers. Horn was declared the race winner. Skimp Hersey received severe burns in a stock car crash at Lakewood Park Speedway on June 11, 1950. He died the next day. Frank Luptow of Tampa, Florida died when the axle on his stock car broke causing it to flip over, crushing him in the process. Art Bisch died two days after sustaining head and chest injuries when his Champ Car smashed into the guardrail and rolled over twice in a USAC Champ car race held on July 4, 1958. Notable races Richard Petty took the checkered flag to win his first NASCAR Grand National race at the track in 1959. Second place finisher Lee Petty (Richard's father and car owner) protested the result, asking for a recount of the race's scorecards. NASCAR official recounted the scorecards and awarded the win to Lee Petty. Richard Petty went on to win 200 races. Gober Sosebee began his career in 1940 at the Speedway. Johnny Beauchamp recorded his first NASCAR victory at Lakewood Speedway in 1959. Curtis Turner, racing for Holman Moody raced 1959 Thunderbirds and won races at Lakewood Speedway. Bill Blair drove a 1952 Oldsmobile owned by George Hutchens to his second win at Lakewood Speedway on April 20, 1952. His final race was at Lakewood in 1958. Lakewood Speedway in the movies Lakewood Speedway was featured prominently in a few different movies. Scenes from the 1977 Burt Reynolds film, Smokey and the Bandit were staged at Lakewood. 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17169203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuruoka%20National%20College%20of%20Technology	Tsuruoka National College of Technology	is a Japanese National College of Technology that is located in Tsuruoka, Yamagata. The abbreviated name is TNCT (Japanese: 鶴岡高専; Tsuruoka Kousen)。 History 1963 Tsuruoka National College of Technology was founded on April 1, 1963 (the two-class Department of Mechanical Engineering class and Department of Electronic Engineering). 1967　Department of Industrial Chemistry established. 1990　Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering came into being by reorganizing the two-class Department of Mechanical Engineering. 1993　Department of Industrial Chemistry was reorganized into Department of Material Engineering. 2003　Advanced Engineering Course was established. 2004　After the "Institution of National Colleges of Technology Japan" Act was enacted, this college has become the Tsuruoka College of Technology of the Institute of National Colleges of Technology Japan. 2005　Department of Electrical Engineering was renamed Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Departments Regular Course (Associate's degree Course) Five years' course. Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering Department of Material Engineering Advanced Engineering Course (Bachelor's Degree Course) Two years' course. Graduated regular course student can enter this course after entrance examination acceptance. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering See also Colleges of technology in Japan Presidents Mosuke Hayashi (1963–1971) Shingi Saito (1971–1976) Shozo Watarai (1976–1981) Mayumi Someno (1981–1986) Jiro Shimizu (1986–1993) Mitsuo Abe (1993–2001) Tsutomu Nonaka (2001–2006) Masaaki Yokoyama (2006–2011) Yasushi Kato (2011–2016) Koji Takahashi (2016–present) External links Tsuruoka National College of Technology (Japanese) Engineering universities and colleges in Japan Universities and colleges in Yamagata Prefecture 1963 establishments in Japan Educational institutions established in 1963 Public universities in Japan Tsuruoka, Yamagata	[ 271, 257, 4960, 2351, 5535, 286, 8987, 326, 318, 5140, 287, 309, 11793, 84, 17411, 11, 14063, 363, 1045, 13, 383, 37640, 515, 1438, 318, 29025, 4177, 357, 25324, 25, 16268, 114, 112, 161, 110, 94, 165, 45865, 22887, 224, 26, 309, 11793, 84, 17411, 509, 516, 268, 8, 16764, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 45192, 309, 11793, 84, 17411, 2351, 5535, 286, 8987, 373, 9393, 319, 3035, 352, 11, 19342, 357, 1169, 734, 12, 4871, 2732, 286, 19663, 14044, 1398, 290, 2732, 286, 19508, 14044, 737, 198, 42830, 5099, 222, 36261, 286, 19034, 27867, 4920, 13, 198, 19891, 5099, 222, 36261, 286, 6779, 290, 6188, 11998, 14044, 1625, 656, 852, 416, 35459, 2890, 262, 734, 12, 4871, 2732, 286, 19663, 14044, 13, 198, 24465, 5099, 222, 36261, 286, 19034, 27867, 373, 302, 30280, 656, 2732, 286, 14633, 14044, 13, 198, 16088, 5099, 222, 28809, 14044, 20537, 373, 4920, 13, 198, 15724, 5099, 222, 3260, 262, 366, 6310, 2738, 286, 2351, 49727, 286, 8987, 2869, 1, 2191, 373, 17814, 11, 428, 4152, 468, 1716, 262, 309, 11793, 84, 17411, 5535, 286, 8987, 286, 262, 5136, 286, 2351, 49727, 286, 8987, 2869, 13, 198, 14315, 5099, 222, 36261, 286, 40224, 14044, 373, 25121, 2732, 286, 40224, 290, 27828, 14044, 13, 198, 198, 12156, 32514, 198, 198, 40164, 20537, 357, 8021, 47615, 338, 4922, 20537, 8, 198, 20029, 812, 6, 1781, 13, 198, 36261, 286, 19663, 14044, 198, 36261, 286, 40224, 290, 27828, 14044, 198, 36261, 286, 6779, 290, 6188, 11998, 14044, 198, 36261, 286, 14633, 14044, 198, 198, 28809, 14044, 20537, 357, 33, 19335, 338, 34486, 20537, 8, 198, 7571, 812, 6, 1781, 13, 198, 42731, 6605, 3218, 1781, 3710, 460, 3802, 428, 1781, 706, 10384, 12452, 13427, 13, 220, 197, 198, 36261, 286, 19663, 290, 40224, 14044, 197, 220, 197, 198, 36261, 286, 24872, 290, 32827, 14044, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 5216, 1455, 274, 286, 3037, 287, 2869, 198, 198, 25460, 3231, 198, 32668, 4649, 9075, 12144, 357, 45192, 1906, 41208, 8, 198, 50, 722, 72, 311, 38995, 357, 41208, 1906, 38108, 8, 198, 2484, 45149, 370, 9459, 1872, 357, 38108, 1906, 35411, 8, 198, 6747, 12994, 311, 3674, 78, 357, 35411, 1906, 28054, 8, 198, 41, 7058, 31698, 47775, 357, 28054, 1906, 24465, 8, 198, 44, 19831, 78, 22257, 357, 24465, 1906, 14585, 8, 198, 33758, 315, 296, 84, 8504, 8130, 357, 14585, 1906, 13330, 8, 198, 44, 15462, 8182, 45138, 726, 1689, 357, 13330, 1906, 9804, 8, 198, 56, 292, 17731, 509, 5549, 357, 9804, 1906, 5304, 8, 198, 42, 31370, 15804, 993, 12144, 357, 5304, 1906, 25579, 8, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 309, 11793, 84, 17411, 2351, 5535, 286, 8987, 357, 25324, 8, 198, 198, 13798, 1586, 11155, 290, 15273, 287, 2869, 198, 3118, 1191, 871, 290, 15273, 287, 14063, 363, 1045, 3771, 36637, 198, 45192, 33228, 287, 2869, 198, 33380, 864, 6712, 4920, 287, 19342, 198, 15202, 11155, 287, 2869, 198, 51, 11793, 84, 17411, 11, 14063, 363, 1045 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuza	Shuza	was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned cinnabar monopoly or cinnabar guild (za) which was created in 1609. Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of cinnabar. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the handling and trading of cinnabar and for superintending all cinnabar mining and cinnabar-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Kinza – Gold za (monopoly office or guild). Ginza – Silver za (monopoly office or guild). Dōza – Copper za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Takekoshi, Yosaburo. (1930). The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan. New York: Macmillan Publishers. OCLC 313511699 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Economy of feudal Japan 1609 establishments in Japan Monopolies Guilds in Japan	[ 9776, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 338, 8720, 30572, 269, 3732, 397, 283, 22036, 393, 269, 3732, 397, 283, 19806, 357, 4496, 8, 543, 373, 2727, 287, 1467, 2931, 13, 198, 198, 40443, 11, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 373, 4609, 287, 840, 870, 257, 6414, 1988, 287, 21043, 276, 10796, 26, 290, 428, 2957, 284, 262, 11067, 761, 329, 11969, 284, 262, 5127, 286, 269, 3732, 397, 283, 13, 198, 198, 1212, 275, 461, 3046, 84, 3670, 21079, 257, 11344, 4086, 351, 5798, 329, 29745, 1710, 262, 9041, 290, 7313, 286, 269, 3732, 397, 283, 290, 329, 2208, 600, 1571, 477, 269, 3732, 397, 283, 9691, 290, 269, 3732, 397, 283, 12, 2302, 7861, 4568, 287, 2869, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 15217, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 15201, 12, 25456, 88, 13090, 198, 16645, 4496, 784, 3561, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 21444, 4496, 784, 7698, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 737, 198, 360, 13090, 4496, 784, 27157, 1976, 64, 357, 2144, 35894, 2607, 393, 19806, 8, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 4789, 11, 1757, 370, 13, 357, 1129, 2816, 737, 11818, 7487, 6762, 896, 45284, 11, 1596, 1129, 1906, 1558, 3459, 25, 4558, 16737, 286, 12495, 2869, 13, 220, 14457, 25, 11131, 2059, 4332, 13, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 604, 29228, 2481, 198, 449, 33807, 11, 1526, 3754, 347, 13, 357, 21908, 737, 14019, 14330, 287, 2869, 13, 14457, 25, 14457, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 46588, 3720, 1507, 5607, 198, 3059, 8432, 68, 11, 16322, 8760, 13, 357, 11024, 737, 43457, 42678, 25, 12189, 12, 8081, 1741, 11, 9601, 3928, 602, 11, 290, 262, 3738, 20473, 35894, 3854, 287, 2869, 13, 220, 13643, 25, 13643, 2059, 4332, 13, 2162, 220, 440, 5097, 34, 2026, 36189, 23, 20986, 198, 7214, 74, 13704, 11, 575, 418, 397, 1434, 13, 357, 1129, 1270, 737, 220, 383, 11279, 1081, 38046, 286, 262, 7443, 286, 262, 31755, 286, 2869, 13, 968, 1971, 25, 4100, 17805, 272, 43403, 13, 440, 5097, 34, 513, 17059, 18298, 2079, 198, 198, 28848, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 25883, 286, 262, 9453, 1018, 6909, 427, 39918, 378, 198, 28489, 88, 286, 37591, 2869, 198, 1433, 2931, 33228, 287, 2869, 198, 9069, 39704, 444, 198, 38, 3547, 82, 287, 2869 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169249	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Loftus%2C%20Marchioness%20of%20Ely	Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely	Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely (née Hope-Vere; 3 December 1821 – 11 June 1890) was an English lady of the bedchamber and a close friend of Queen Victoria. Her parents were James Hope-Vere and Lady Elizabeth Hay, and through her mother she was a cousin of Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington. After her marriage to John Loftus, the third Marquess of Ely, she developed friendships with Queen Sophie of the Netherlands and the Empress Eugénie. Jane arrived at court as a Lady of the Bedchamber in 1851, and despite her own nervousness and lack of discretion, she became a close companion of Queen Victoria until her resignation in 1889. Her service was marred by her constant illnesses and fear of the Queen, but she proved a loyal and devoted servant, deferring to her royal mistress in all matters. Jane died on 11 June 1890 and is buried at Kensal Green cemetery in London. Early life Jane was the daughter of James Hope-Vere, Member of Parliament for Ilchester, and Lady Elizabeth Hay. Her father was a descendant of the Marquess of Linlithgow. Through her cousin Elizabeth, Lady Douro, she became a friend of Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington. On 29 October 1844, Jane married John Loftus, the third Marquess of Ely, and the couple spent much of their time on Ely's Irish estates, such as Loftus Hall in County Wexford, but they also visited the continent frequently. Jane developed friends in high places, including Queen Sophie of the Netherlands and the Empress Eugénie. Jane represented Queen Victoria at the birth of Empress Eugénie's son, Napoléon, Prince Imperial. Attendance on Queen Victoria Jane was appointed as a lady of the Queen's bedchamber on 15 July 1851. Although hard-working, loyal and devoted, she lacked the knowledge and discretion required for the role. In 1855, Mary Bulteel, later the wife of the Queen's private secretary Sir Henry Ponsonby, disapproved of Jane's conduct, and commented that “Lady E[ly]. is more utterly the reverse from what she ought to be on this occasion than anybody can possibly conceive. I mean, I see she is preparing to be foolishly cringing to all the little miseries of etiquette...I quite long for somebody as the Queen's first lady with more natural dignity”. Despite her shortcomings, the Queen came to rely heavily on “Dearest Jane”, as she was referred to. The Queen required the utmost effort and devotion from her servants, and Jane followed this code of conduct with total deference to her royal mistress. However, her health suffered as a result, and it remained a constant burden throughout her waiting. In a letter from Henry Ponsonby to Sir Thomas Biddulph, another courtier, he reported that Jane “was principally taken up with her own health”. Jane was also concerned about her own health, and in 1876, she confided to Ponsonby that “she cannot go on as it is, that it is killing her”, and he advised her to write to the Queen threatening to resign if her position was not made easier. The Queen relented, but continued to impose restrictions on Jane's contact with the outside world. Jane's son, who became the 4th Marquess on the death of his father in 1857, was anxious to visit, but the Queen would not allow him to. Instead, he requested an interview with Ponsonby about his mother's arduous duties; Ponsonby accepted, but Jane said “oh no, perhaps the Queen would not like it”. Ponsonby referred to this fear of the Queen as absurd, knowing that the Queen would not be angry with him for paying a visit to Jane's son. Although her service was marred by her nervousness, and taxed her health, Jane Ely quickly became one of the Queen's most trusted attendants. The Queen referred to Jane as “almost one of ourselves”, which indicates the difference that Victoria liked to maintain between herself and non-royals. Jane became the most prominent of ladies that were recognised “agents” of the Queen, the others being Harriet Phipps and Horatia Stopford. The role was exploited, especially in the royal household, where they found in Jane a useful advocate to the Queen when requesting approval for a course of action. The use of Jane as an unofficial secretary was widely acknowledged in society, and references to her are found in many letters from the aristocracy. When the Earl of Beaconsfield fell out with the Queen after he refused to meet Lord Chelmsford, he wrote despairingly to Jane, with the probable intention that she would show it to the Queen, that “I love the Queen — perhaps the only person in this world left to me that I do love; and therefore you can understand how much it worries and disquiets me, when there is a cloud between us.” Personal life Jane's relationship with the Queen was close, but it became strained for a short period when rumours circulated that Jane was to remarry. Lord Torrington mentioned the possibility of her remarriage to Robert St Clair-Erskine, Lord Loughborough, but shortly afterwards, Jane personally denied that there was any truth in it. Other suitors included Count Cavour, the Piedmontese leader. Following the marriage of Princess Louise in 1871, Jane was asked to live with the Queen on a more permanent basis. She continued to serve until April 1889, when, following the death of her only son, she wrote to the Queen tendering her resignation, reporting that “this last blow has quite crushed” her. Following her resignation, she was granted the honorary title of Extra Lady of the Bedchamber. On 11 June 1890 she died at her home at 22 Wilton Place, Knightsbridge in London, and was interred next to her husband at Kensal Green cemetery. The Queen was informed by a telegram from Jane's daughter, and she confided to her journal that she was “much upset. God knows what an awful loss she is to me. She was absolutely devoted to me and we were so intimate”. Notes References Buckle, George Earle, ed., Letters of Queen Victoria 1886–1901 (Volume I; John Murray, London, 1930) Desant, Arthur Irwin, John Thadeus Delane, Editor of "The Times": His Life and Correspondence Vol. 2 (C. Scribner's Sons, 1908) Kennedy, A. L., ed., My dear duchess: social and political letters to the duchess of Manchester, 1858–1869 (John Murray, 1956) Longford, Elizabeth, Victoria R. I. (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971) Pearson, Hesketh, Dizzy: The Life & Personality of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield (Harper, 1951) Ponsonby, Arthur, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary, His Life from His Letters (Periodicals Service Co., 1942) Reynolds, K. D., ‘Loftus , Jane, marchioness of Ely (1821–1890)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 29 April 2008 Aristocratic Women and Political Society in Victorian Britain (Clarendon Press, 1998) 1821 births 1890 deaths Irish marchionesses Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery Ladies of the Bedchamber Court of Queen Victoria	[ 41083, 49416, 385, 11, 2805, 295, 408, 286, 45913, 357, 77, 22161, 13408, 12, 53, 567, 26, 513, 3426, 1248, 2481, 784, 1367, 2795, 31982, 8, 373, 281, 3594, 10846, 286, 262, 3996, 354, 7789, 290, 257, 1969, 1545, 286, 7542, 12313, 13, 2332, 3397, 547, 3700, 13408, 12, 53, 567, 290, 11182, 10674, 9075, 11, 290, 832, 607, 2802, 673, 373, 257, 16933, 286, 13514, 3894, 49048, 11, 262, 717, 11083, 286, 30597, 13, 2293, 607, 4845, 284, 1757, 49416, 385, 11, 262, 2368, 28382, 408, 286, 45913, 11, 673, 4166, 34596, 351, 7542, 35331, 286, 262, 12671, 290, 262, 38470, 20665, 2634, 11952, 13, 12091, 5284, 379, 2184, 355, 257, 11182, 286, 262, 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17169261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20State%20House%20%28Providence%2C%20Rhode%20Island%29	Old State House (Providence, Rhode Island)	The Old State House on College Hill in Providence, Rhode Island, also known as Providence Sixth District Court House, Providence Colony House, Providence County House, and Rhode Island State House is located on 150 Benefit Street, with the front facade facing North Main Street. It is a brick Georgian-style building largely completed in 1762. It was used as the meeting place for the colonial and state legislatures for 149 years. On May 4, 1776, meeting in the building, the General Assembly declared its independence, renouncing its allegiance to the British crown, and the date is now celebrated as Rhode Island Independence Day. Debates about slavery occurred in the building in the late 18th century. George Washington visited the building in 1781 and 1790. Other visitors to the building in the 18th and 19th centuries included Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony. History Early history From colonial times to the mid-19th century, the Rhode Island General Assembly rotated meetings between the state's five county court houses; five of these former Rhode Island state houses survive today. In 1730, a statehouse known as the Providence Colony House or County House was built on Meeting Street on the site now occupied by the Brick Schoolhouse. The wooden building burned down in December 1758. In 1760 The General Assembly constructed the current building as the new Providence Colony House, on a site which overlooked The Parade, the location of ceremonial processions. The new building, which was smaller than the building is now, was based on the Colony House in Newport, Rhode Island, which was the first Colony House built, and served as a model for others. The building was constructed of Flemish bond brick with rusticated brownstone quoins and wooden trim. It was largely finished by 1762 with some details being completed as late as 1771. Many of the Georgian details were borrowed from the larger and more ornate Newport Colony House. The building's interior, specifically, resembled the Newport building, following the traditional layout of English town halls. Prior to 19th century alterations to the Providence State House, the two buildings greatly resembled one another After 1853 the state legislature ceased meeting at Kent, Washington and Bristol county courthouses, but continued to alternate its sessions between the Colony Houses in Providence and Newport into the early 20th century. 19th and 20th century The building was extensively renovated and dramatically altered several times in the 19th century. In 1840, the building was remodeled by Rhode Island architect, Russell Warren. This renovation involved the replacement of original windows with sash windows and the rearragement of portions of the interior. It was again altered in 1850, when Thomas A. Tefft of Tallman & Bucklin added the large tower facing Main Street, and a reorganization of nearly the entire interior. In 1867 James C. Bucklin designed an addition on Benefit Street that nearly doubled the size of the building. Both of these additions were sympathetic to the building's original design. The building was refurbished in 1877–1883, to designs by Stone & Carpenter. The building served as the legislature's meeting place until 1901, when the new Rhode Island State House began being occupied. The building was completely finished in 1904, and it was decided to use the old building as a courthouse. Major internal alterations by Banning & Thornton were completed in 1906, and the building re-opened as the Sixth District Courthouse. By 1901 the new Rhode Island State House was occupied on Smith Hill and the legislature vacated the Old State House, although it remained in use as a Court House until 1975. In 1970 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places; the following year the building was listed a contributing structure to the College Hill Historic District. Since 1975, the building has been home to the Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission, which oversees it maintenance and renovation. In 2020, the building underwent a renovation and restoration effort. Interior An open space hall for public meeting was located on the main floor and later became a courtroom. On the second floor was the House of Representatives and Senate chambers. Additional space was create for the governor's and secretary of state's offices. Today, the former Council Chamber is the only room to retain its original furnishings. As a result of the various expansions and renovations, the only room in the building which is largely original is the office of the secretary of state on the second floor. Gallery See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island References Notes External links Main Website at Preservation RI Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island Georgian architecture in Rhode Island Government buildings completed in 1762 Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island County courthouses in Rhode Island Rhode Island Government buildings in Rhode Island Clock towers in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Bristol County, Rhode Island Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Rhode Island	[ 464, 5706, 1812, 2097, 319, 5535, 3327, 287, 28319, 11, 24545, 5451, 11, 635, 1900, 355, 28319, 28980, 5665, 3078, 2097, 11, 28319, 34480, 2097, 11, 28319, 3418, 2097, 11, 290, 24545, 5451, 1812, 2097, 318, 5140, 319, 6640, 38065, 3530, 11, 351, 262, 2166, 43562, 6476, 2258, 8774, 3530, 13, 632, 318, 257, 17214, 45262, 12, 7635, 2615, 5688, 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17169266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilson%20Cortes	Nilson Cortes	Nilson Armes Cortes (born March 29, 1977) is a Colombian football striker. At club level he currently plays for Once Caldas in the Copa Mustang. A great season with Once Caldas has recently got him a callup for a friendly game against Venezuela on April 30. External links 1977 births Living people Colombian men's footballers Colombia men's international footballers Girardot F.C. footballers Independiente Santa Fe footballers Millonarios F.C. players Boyacá Chicó F.C. footballers Once Caldas footballers Categoría Primera A players Categoría Primera B players Men's association football midfielders Footballers from Barranquilla	[ 45, 346, 1559, 943, 6880, 18418, 274, 357, 6286, 2805, 2808, 11, 15589, 8, 318, 257, 40351, 4346, 19099, 13, 198, 2953, 3430, 1241, 339, 3058, 220, 5341, 329, 4874, 29182, 292, 287, 262, 6955, 64, 31163, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1049, 1622, 351, 4874, 29182, 292, 468, 2904, 1392, 683, 257, 869, 929, 329, 257, 8030, 983, 1028, 16666, 319, 3035, 1542, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 37781, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 5216, 2381, 666, 1450, 338, 4346, 364, 198, 5216, 2381, 544, 1450, 338, 3230, 4346, 364, 198, 38, 343, 446, 313, 376, 13, 34, 13, 4346, 364, 198, 5497, 2690, 1153, 68, 8909, 5452, 4346, 364, 198, 22603, 261, 13010, 376, 13, 34, 13, 1938, 198, 26554, 330, 6557, 48854, 10205, 376, 13, 34, 13, 4346, 364, 198, 7454, 29182, 292, 4346, 364, 198, 34, 47467, 29690, 11460, 8607, 317, 1938, 198, 34, 47467, 29690, 11460, 8607, 347, 1938, 198, 10418, 338, 8112, 4346, 12459, 364, 198, 37316, 364, 422, 2409, 2596, 421, 5049 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169269	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena%20Fujii	Lena Fujii	(born on July 2, 1984) is a Japanese commercial fashion model and singer. She is managed by Stellar Entertainment Agency and sometimes goes by the name "Lena". Fujii was scouted in Harajuku and is best known for her work for Japanese fashion magazine ViVi. Biography Early life Fujii was born in Kawasaki City, Japan to an American father of Japanese and Swiss descent and a Japanese mother. Fujii has a younger brother, Arthur. As a high school student, she traveled to Switzerland to study English following bullying by her Japanese classmates, who would make comments such as "You're a fat one [foreigner] but you don't speak English". In Switzerland, she was also subject to bullying and racism, particularly from one female classmate, who would make racist comments. When Fujii initially joined her management company, her debut coincided with two other new models, and Fujii recalls getting the least attention. In recent years, she has become a renowned model in Japan, and is arguably one of the best known Japanese models both in and outside Japan. Career Fujii is a regular top print model for Japanese fashion magazines ViVi and sweet, as well as appearing in other magazines like VOCE, Lip, spring, and Cutie. She is the spokesmodel for Canmake Cosmetics and has previously been a spokemodel for the lingerie brand Peach John. She has also done television commercials for McDonald's and Panasonic. She was featured on the covers of DJ Kawasaki's albums Beautiful and Beautiful Too, where she was a vocalist in the song "Bright like Light feat. Lena Fujii". Kawasaki later went on to produce Fujii's debut 7-song house/techno album, titled Lena, released on April 2, 2008. Her first photo book, titled Lena, was released the same month on April 14, 2008. On July 2, 2008, Fujii released a compilation album, ViVi presents Holiday Style – selected by Lena Fujii . On July 11, 2009, Fujii held her first live concert at Luxy, a nightclub in Taipei, Taiwan. It was reported that she had attracted over one hundred members of the media to a press conference for the concert held the previous day. On November 4, 2009, Fujii released her second album, Rainbow, in which she performed a cover of Rihanna's hit song "Pon de Replay". On April 10, 2010, she released her second photo book No Make. She also produces her own jewellery line, titled Lounsbery. Fujii is also an actress, known for Rainbow Song-Niji no megami (2006) and Shibuya (2010). References External links 藤井リナ公式ブログ – Lena Fujii official blog Singers from Tokyo 1984 births Living people Japanese people of American descent Japanese people of Swiss descent Japanese female models Nippon Columbia artists Japanese women pop singers Stardust Promotion artists 21st-century Japanese singers 21st-century Japanese women singers Models from Tokyo Metropolis	[ 7, 6286, 319, 2901, 362, 11, 12844, 8, 318, 257, 4960, 5068, 6977, 2746, 290, 14015, 13, 1375, 318, 5257, 416, 39336, 11058, 7732, 290, 3360, 2925, 416, 262, 1438, 366, 43, 8107, 1911, 32671, 4178, 373, 629, 18534, 287, 2113, 1228, 33263, 290, 318, 1266, 1900, 329, 607, 670, 329, 4960, 6977, 7093, 16049, 38432, 13, 198, 198, 23286, 4867, 198, 198, 20457, 1204, 198, 198, 37, 23577, 4178, 373, 4642, 287, 23043, 33846, 2254, 11, 2869, 284, 281, 1605, 2988, 286, 4960, 290, 14780, 18598, 290, 257, 4960, 2802, 13, 32671, 4178, 468, 257, 7099, 3956, 11, 13514, 13, 1081, 257, 1029, 1524, 3710, 11, 673, 14113, 284, 14679, 284, 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17169274	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dregs	Dregs	Dregs may refer to: Dregs (film), a 2017 Iranian film Sediment in wine, beer, Turkish coffee or other beverage "Dregs of Humanity", an episode of the It's Your Move TV series Audio Dregs, an independent music label Dixie Dregs (a.k.a. The Dregs), an American rock band Mass of the Fermenting Dregs, a post-rock/shoegaze trio formed in Kobe, Japan in 2002 See also D'regs, a nomadic and warlike people who inhabit the desert regions of hubward Klatch in the Discworld series	[ 35, 2301, 82, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 628, 360, 2301, 82, 357, 26240, 828, 257, 2177, 10704, 2646, 198, 22710, 3681, 287, 8237, 11, 6099, 11, 9663, 6891, 393, 584, 24968, 198, 366, 35, 2301, 82, 286, 35629, 1600, 281, 4471, 286, 262, 632, 338, 3406, 10028, 3195, 2168, 198, 13491, 360, 2301, 82, 11, 281, 4795, 2647, 6167, 198, 360, 39291, 360, 2301, 82, 357, 64, 13, 74, 13, 64, 13, 383, 360, 2301, 82, 828, 281, 1605, 3881, 4097, 198, 5674, 286, 262, 12880, 434, 278, 360, 2301, 82, 11, 257, 1281, 12, 10823, 14, 1477, 78, 1533, 6201, 19886, 7042, 287, 29493, 11, 2869, 287, 6244, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 360, 821, 14542, 11, 257, 4515, 23876, 290, 1175, 2339, 661, 508, 14527, 262, 10326, 7652, 286, 12575, 904, 14770, 963, 287, 262, 8444, 6894, 2168 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Council%20of%20Churches%20in%20the%20Philippines	National Council of Churches in the Philippines	The National Council of Churches in the Philippines (NCCP; ) is a fellowship of ten Protestant and non Roman Catholic Churches in the Philippines denominations, and ten service-oriented organizations in the Philippines. A member of the World Council of Churches and the Christian Conference of Asia, the NCCP represents close to twelve million Protestant adherents. Advocacy for environmental protection and against large-scale mining are part of its core mission. Christian organizations other than churches may be received as associate members. History and structure The NCCP was established in 1963. Its forerunners include the Philippine Federation of Christian Churches in 1949; the Philippine Federation of Evangelical Churches in 1939; the National Christian Council in 1929; the Evangelical Union in 1901; and the Missionary Alliance in 1900. It is currently organised in ten regional ecumenical councils: Cordillera Cagayan Valley Pangasinan-Ilocos-La Union-Abra Romblon-Mindoro Palawan Western Visayas Eastern Visayas Cotabato Misamis Oriental-Camiguin-Butuan-Lanao Basilan-Zamboanga-Misamis Occidental Regional Ecumenical Council The NCCP headquarters is located at 879 Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, West Triangle, Quezon City, 1104 Philippines. Its General Secretary is the Bishop Reuel Norman O. Marigza of the United Church of Christ in the Philippines. Vision and mission Vision Life in all its Fullness is what Jesus Christ lived and died for. NCCP envisions this life in a just, egalitarian, self-reliant, and sustainable society. Mission Our faith and vision move us to be an ecumenical fellowship of churches, be a channel for united witness and common action, by being in solidarity with the people in the struggle for justice, peace and the integrity of creation. List of member churches Some of member denominations and service-oriented organizations are: List of associate members Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities (ACSCU) Consortium of Christian Organizations for Rurban Development (CONCORD) Ecumenical Church Loan Foundation, Inc. (ECLOF) Kaisahang Buhay Foundation (KBF) Lingap Pangkabataan, Inc. (LPI) Manila Community Service, Inc. (MCSI) Philippine Bible Society (PBS) Student Christian Movement of the Philippines (SCMP) Union Church of Manila (UCM) Radio stations NCCP owns a few stations across the country. See also Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches Christianity in the Philippines Roman Catholicism in the Philippines Philippine Orthodox Church Protestantism in the Philippines Buddhism in the Philippines Hinduism in the Philippines Islam in the Philippines Mga Awit sa Pagsamba References External links Official Website of the National Council of Churches in the Philippines National councils of churches Christian organizations based in Asia Christian denominations in the Philippines Christian organizations established in 1963 1963 establishments in the Philippines	[ 464, 2351, 4281, 286, 46446, 287, 262, 13316, 357, 45, 4093, 47, 26, 1267, 318, 257, 37900, 286, 3478, 25310, 290, 1729, 7993, 7835, 46446, 287, 262, 13316, 49735, 11, 290, 3478, 2139, 12, 17107, 5745, 287, 262, 13316, 13, 317, 2888, 286, 262, 2159, 4281, 286, 46446, 290, 262, 4302, 8785, 286, 7229, 11, 262, 399, 4093, 47, 6870, 1969, 284, 14104, 1510, 25310, 46372, 13, 37866, 1590, 329, 6142, 4800, 290, 1028, 1588, 12, 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17169283	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20349	United Nations Security Council Resolution 349	United Nations Security Council Resolution 349, adopted on May 29, 1974, after reaffirming previous resolutions on the topic, and noting recent encouraging developments, the Council extended the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus for a further period, now ending on December 15, 1974. The Council also called upon the parties directly concerned to continue to act with the utmost restraint and to co-operate fully with the peacekeeping force. The resolution was adopted by 14 votes to none, with one abstention from China. See also Cyprus dispute List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 301 to 400 (1971–1976) References Text of the Resolution at undocs.org External links 0349 0349 May 1974 events	[ 17013, 7973, 4765, 4281, 22406, 44367, 11, 8197, 319, 1737, 2808, 11, 16489, 11, 706, 30384, 29808, 2180, 21811, 319, 262, 7243, 11, 290, 10820, 2274, 12577, 13312, 11, 262, 4281, 7083, 262, 4429, 278, 287, 27885, 286, 262, 1578, 7973, 12689, 19934, 5221, 287, 27885, 329, 257, 2252, 2278, 11, 783, 7464, 319, 3426, 1315, 11, 16489, 13, 220, 383, 4281, 635, 1444, 2402, 262, 4671, 3264, 5213, 284, 2555, 284, 719, 351, 262, 27878, 24596, 290, 284, 763, 12, 3575, 378, 3938, 351, 262, 4167, 19934, 2700, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6323, 373, 8197, 416, 1478, 5690, 284, 4844, 11, 351, 530, 16552, 1463, 422, 2807, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 27885, 11047, 198, 7343, 286, 1578, 7973, 4765, 4281, 1874, 14191, 25643, 284, 7337, 357, 41208, 1906, 38108, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 220, 198, 8206, 286, 262, 22406, 379, 3318, 420, 82, 13, 2398, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 220, 628, 657, 27371, 198, 657, 27371, 198, 6747, 16489, 2995 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169295	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes%20Streeting	Wes Streeting	Wesley Paul William Streeting (; born 21 January 1983) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care since 2021, and Member of Parliament (MP) for Ilford North since 2015. He served as Shadow Secretary of State for Child Poverty from May to November 2021, as Shadow Minister for Schools from 2020 to 2021, and as Shadow Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury from April to October 2020. He was also president of the National Union of Students (NUS), and Deputy Leader of Redbridge London Borough Council. Early life, family and education Streeting was born in Stepney, London, on 21 January 1983. His parents were teenagers when he was born. He has five brothers, a sister and a stepsister. His maternal grandfather was an armed robber who spent time in prison, and his grandmother became embroiled in his crimes and ended up in Holloway jail, where she met Christine Keeler (a key figure in the Profumo affair). According to Streeting, they "stayed in touch, they became friends." His grandmother was released from prison to give birth to his mother at Whittington Hospital. Streeting's two grandfathers, both named Bill, were key figures in his youth. His maternal grandfather was also familiar with the infamous East End Krays. He was "really well read and well informed", and engaged his grandson in lively discussions about religion and politics. Streeting’s paternal grandfather served in the Second World War in the Royal Navy and later in the merchant navy before becoming a civil engineer. He recalled: "He was the grandad I was closest to. He was a traditional working-class Tory." Streeting grew up in poverty living in a council flat. He recalls Conservative Party politicians in the 1990s "denigrating single-parent families like mine, which I took quite personally." He attended Westminster City School, a comprehensive state school in Victoria, London. He went on to study history at Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. Streeting previously had left the Labour Party because he opposed its decision to enter the Iraq War; however, he says Tony Blair did not act with malign intent. Streeting came out as gay in his second year of university. He served as Selwyn College's Junior Common Room (JCR) President, in which capacity he was a member of Cambridge University Students' Union (CUSU) Council. He was subsequently elected CUSU President for the 2004–05 academic year, a sabbatical officer role. As CUSU President, he campaigned against the proposed closure of Cambridge's architecture department. Working career Streeting was elected as President of the National Union of Students (NUS) in April 2008 as a candidate from Labour Students, with the support of the Union of Jewish Students. He had been a member of the NUS National Executive Committee since 2005, having previously held the post of Vice-President (Education) from 2006 to 2008. In April 2009, he was elected to a second term as President of the NUS. He also served as a member of the National Committee of Labour Students for four years during this time. As President of the NUS, Streeting was a strong proponent of his predecessor Gemma Tumelty's proposed reforms to the NUS governance structures, which had been denounced and narrowly defeated by many left-wing groups in NUS as an attack on NUS democracy. His election was reported by The Guardian as "a move that will lend weight to the fight to modernise the union". As NUS President, Streeting was a non-executive director of the NUS's trading arm, NUS Services Ltd, and of Endsleigh Insurance. He was also a non-executive director of the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), as well as the Higher Education academy, having served on their board as Vice President (Education) when he was also a non-executive director of the Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education (OIAHE). Shortly after his election as NUS President, Streeting was appointed as a member of the government's Youth Citizenship Commission, chaired by Professor Jonathan Tonge of the University of Liverpool, which published its report in June 2009. Streeting supported university tuition fees as President, consistent with UK government policy during the New Labour years. As The Independent pointed out, Streeting's decision put the NUS position on student fees to the right of the Liberal Democrats who had just committed to a policy of free education for all. Streeting worked for the Labour Party-related organisation Progress for a year. Progress was a pressure group created to support Tony Blair's New Labour in 1996 and continued to promote the thinking of the Blairite-Brownite wing of Labour until 2014. Progress was funded by David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville and coincided with Blair's announcement that he would abolish the party’s Clause IV commitment to old-style public ownership. After completing his term as President of the NUS, Streeting served as Chief Executive of the Helena Kennedy Foundation, an educational charity that promotes access to higher education for students from further education colleges. He went on to serve as head of education at Stonewall, a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights charity (for one year and six months), where he led their Education for All campaign to tackle homophobia in schools. He was subsequently a public sector consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), which he gave up on election as a councillor, because Redbridge Council was a "current audit client" of the firm; this forced him to choose between keeping his job or forcing a second by-election. It is not known how long Streeting worked for PwC; it is omitted from his LinkedIn page. In 2010, shortly after leaving PwC, Streeting was appointed as Head of Policy and Strategic Communications for Oona King's unsuccessful bid to win the Labour Party's nomination to be its candidate in the 2012 London Mayoral election. Politics Local politics In a July 2010 by-election, Streeting was elected as a Labour councillor for the Chadwell ward on Redbridge London Borough Council. He held the seat for Labour by 220 votes, winning with 31.5% of the vote (a fall of 1.4% for Labour in the ward) on a 25.5% turnout (a fall of 34.5% in turnout). The by-election had been triggered by a previously elected candidate subsequently being found to be ineligible to serve on the council. Streeting was elected as Deputy Leader of the Labour Group in October 2011. In 2014, he contested the Aldborough ward on Redbridge Council, winning 2,100 votes and defeating Conservative opponent Ruth Clark. At a public meeting of the Redbridge Citizens' Assembly on 6 May 2014, Cllr Streeting promised on behalf of his group that, if elected, he would not reduce the level of Council Tax Support provided to low-income working-age residents. Once elected, the Labour council cut the level of support, so as to treble the amount of Council Tax paid by supported residents from April 2016; the council made a further reduction from April 2017, and made a third reduction from April 2018. In May 2014, Labour took control of Redbridge Council for the first time and Streeting was appointed Deputy Leader of the Council. He resigned the latter in May 2015, shortly after being elected Member of Parliament for Ilford North. Whilst he remained a backbench councillor following his election to Parliament, he chose not to claim his councillor allowance. Streeting did not stand for re-election after being elected to Parliament, and ceased to be a councillor on 7 May 2018. Parliamentary backbencher (2015–2020) In the 2015 UK general election, Streeting was elected as the Member of Parliament for Ilford North. Representing the Labour Party, he overturned a Conservative majority of 5,404, winning by 589 votes. After being elected to Parliament, Streeting was elected Honorary President of the British Youth Council. He is also a Vice President of the Local Government Association and a Patron of LGBT Labour. Following his election, Streeting was described as a "long-time critic" of Jeremy Corbyn, who was leader of the Labour Party from 2015 to 2020. He accused Corbyn of a "flat-footed and lackadaisical attitude" to tackling antisemitism which is "simply unacceptable". Prior to the 2017 UK general election, he stated that he was "not going to pretend to have had a damascene conversion" with regard to Corbyn's suitability as Prime Minister. His views provoked a response from Corbyn's supporters such as Ken Livingstone and the trade union leader Len McCluskey. Livingstone described him as "consciously undermining Jeremy and damaging the Labour party", while McCluskey said his reason for raising issues had been "about attacking Jeremy Corbyn". Streeting was among the 70 per cent of Labour MPs who nominated Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election. In 2016 Streeting criticised the Labour Party for refusing a £30,000 donation from McDonald's. According to Labour, the refusal was due to the company's poor record on worker's rights and hostile stance towards trade unions. Streeting campaigned in favour of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union in the run-up to the 2016 EU membership referendum. His constituency subsequently voted by a small-margin in favour of leaving the European Union. Afterwards, Streeting campaigned for a People's Vote, a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. Ilford North has among the largest Jewish and Muslim communities in the UK. Streeting is a vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, a co-chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on British Jews and a supporter of Labour Friends of Israel. He is also a co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims and a supporter of Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East. In September 2018, he held the last in a series of London-wide consultations to create the Working Definition of Islamophobia. In July 2018, Streeting called for "targeted economic sanctions" against Israeli settlements in the West Bank in response to the Israeli government "grossly infringing on the human rights of Palestinians". In July 2019, Streeting was reported in the media as using abusive language towards a non-Jewish antisemitism campaigner. Shortly before the 2019 UK general election, Streeting told a Labour First meeting that the party faced electoral oblivion in any snap poll due to the leadership's poor handling of Brexit and allegations of antisemitism. Following Labour's defeat in the general election, Streeting nominated Jess Phillips and Rosena Allin-Khan in the 2020 Labour Party leadership and deputy leadership elections, and endorsed Ian Murray for the deputy leadership. Opposition frontbencher (2020–present) Until the 2019 general election, Streeting was a member of the Treasury Select Committee. After the election of Keir Starmer as Leader of the Labour Party, Streeting was appointed Shadow Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury. On 16 October 2020, Streeting became Shadow Minister for Schools in succession to Margaret Greenwood, who had resigned the previous day following her opposition to the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Bill. Abena Oppong-Asare replaced Streeting as Shadow Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury. In the May 2021 shadow cabinet reshuffle, Streeting was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Child Poverty. He was promoted to the post of Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care in the November 2021 shadow cabinet reshuffle. On 9 November 2022, Streeting was criticised after being overheard describing Corbyn as "senile" in the House of Commons. Streeting said the comment was made "in jest" and apologised to Corbyn for the comment later that day. It has been reported that Streeting has – alongside fellow Shadow Cabinet members Rachel Reeves and Yvette Cooper – received "large amounts of private cash". Political positions Streeting is considered to be on the right of the Labour Party; however, he objects to being labelled a Blairite, saying: "There's no future for the Labour party if it's locked in a battle between two competing visions of the past. I don't like being pigeonholed." On health, in December 2021, in response to growing waiting times in the NHS, Streeting said the way to reduce waiting times was better pay and conditions, while keeping a check on the six figure salaries of managers and management consultants. He added: "The biggest priority is to recruit, train and retain staff for the long term." He also placed an emphasis on investment and reform. He said that the UK government should concentrate on boosting wages for the lowest paid in the health sector. Streeting said that a Labour government would use whatever means necessary to ensure patients receive treatment, including using private health providers in the NHS. Following a visit to Israel in May 2022, Streeting suggested that the UK should embrace new technologies in the health sector that are commonplace in Israel to improve outcomes. Streeting said he would stress to the Treasury that investment in health and social care would boost the economy and focusing on prevention could save thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of pounds. In January 2022, Streeting revealed that he supported the use of private providers in the NHS to cut waiting lists. In June 2023, Streeting said that the NHS requires three big shifts: "from an excessive focus on hospital care to more focus on neighbourhood and community services; from an analogue service to one that embraces the technological revolution; and from sickness to prevention." Following his election, Streeting was described as a "long-time critic" of Jeremy Corbyn, who was leader of the Labour Party from 2015 until 2020. He accused Corbyn of a "flat-footed and lackadaisical attitude" to tackling antisemitism, which was "simply unacceptable". Streeting was among the 70 per cent of Labour MPs who nominated Owen Smith in the 2016 party leadership election. Streeting said: "I always thought that Jeremy Corbyn was unelectable and there was a fundamental moral objection to where he was on anti-Semitism." Streeting campaigned in favour of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union in the run-up to the 2016 EU membership referendum. In 2018, he stated that a hard Brexit would address voters' concerns regarding sovereignty and migration but would provoke significant economic harm. Streeting appeared in The Sun and tweeted a link to the article saying he would be "tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime". On immigration, in 2018, Streeting said: "I regularly make the point that we need better education and training for our own people, but we should be honest with our country that we also rely on attracting people from overseas, particularly with our ageing population and shrinking working age population." Streeting is also pro-devolution of power to give local authorities greater control over public policy. Streeting promoted the establishment of a Good Work Commission to bring together the relevant stakeholders to negotiate a new employment rights settlement. He also said he suggested "working with the best of British business to reform the worst of British capitalism". Streeting wants to tax capital gains on the same basis as income and suggested replacing inheritance tax with a lifetime gifts tax. He also supports an increase in corporation tax. Streeting has also strongly criticised those campaigning against LGBT+ education in schools. Personal life Streeting lives in Redbridge, London. He is in a relationship with Joseph Dancey, a communications and public affairs adviser. The couple are currently engaged to get married. In October 2023, Dancey was selected as Labours prospective parliamentary candidate for Stockton West at the next general election. Streeting, who is a practising Anglican, says his faith is "about compassion, not walking by on the other side". He says it caused serious problems when it came to his sexuality: "My faith was a really big obstacle to accepting myself." In May 2021, Streeting revealed he had been diagnosed with kidney cancer and would be stepping back from frontline politics while he received treatment for it. He had received a phone call from his urologist informing him that tests, initially for kidney stones, revealed he had kidney cancer. He was on a campaign visit at the time. However, because the cancer was noticed early, his prognosis was good even though he needed surgery to remove the kidney. On 27 July 2021, Streeting announced that he had been declared cancer-free, following an operation to remove one of his kidneys. Streeting published his memoir, One Boy, Two Bills and a Fry-Up, in June 2023; Rachel Cooke of The Observer described the tome as "both a little bit boring and unexpectedly fascinating". References External links Councillor Wes Streeting , Redbridge London Borough Council Interview with Tiger Television at Birmingham City University \|- 1983 births Living people Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge Councillors in the London Borough of Redbridge Gay politicians Labour Party (UK) councillors Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Labour Party (UK) people Labour Friends of Israel Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom English LGBT politicians Presidents of the National Union of Students (United Kingdom) UK MPs 2019–present Shadow Secretaries of State for Health UK MPs 2015–2017 UK MPs 2017–2019 English Anglicans LGBT Anglicans 21st-century English memoirists	[ 54, 49048, 3362, 3977, 3530, 278, 357, 26, 4642, 2310, 3269, 13540, 8, 318, 257, 3517, 7179, 3615, 14971, 508, 468, 587, 262, 8843, 4986, 286, 1812, 329, 3893, 290, 5483, 7276, 1201, 33448, 11, 290, 10239, 286, 8411, 357, 7378, 8, 329, 314, 1652, 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17169315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chump	Chump	Chump or The Chumps may refer to: Arts and entertainment Films The Chump (1921 film), a short starring Billy Bletcher The Chump (1934 film), with Hal Skelly, Lina Basquette and Sally Starr The Chump, a 2002 film directed by Sam Fell Music "Chump", a track on the album Dookie by Green Day "Chump", a track on the album Novelty (1992) by Jawbox Television CHUMP (Criminal Headquarters for Underworld Master Plan), an espionage organization in the 1970s television show Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp "The Chump" (The Office), an episode of the American sitcom The Office Other uses Chump, a lamb meat cut (UK) W Chump and Sons, a television production company founded in 2015 that produced The Grand Tour The Chumps, nickname for NASA Astronaut Group 20 See also Champ (disambiguation) Champs (disambiguation) Chump Change (disambiguation)	[ 1925, 931, 393, 383, 609, 8142, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 198, 198, 3163, 912, 290, 9739, 198, 198, 11928, 907, 198, 383, 609, 931, 357, 1129, 2481, 2646, 828, 257, 1790, 20495, 15890, 347, 29257, 198, 383, 609, 931, 357, 1129, 2682, 2646, 828, 351, 11023, 19460, 12810, 11, 406, 1437, 6455, 421, 5857, 290, 25737, 37884, 198, 383, 609, 931, 11, 257, 6244, 2646, 7924, 416, 3409, 21710, 198, 198, 22648, 198, 366, 1925, 931, 1600, 257, 2610, 319, 262, 5062, 360, 18055, 416, 3469, 3596, 198, 366, 1925, 931, 1600, 257, 2610, 319, 262, 5062, 24467, 774, 357, 23847, 8, 416, 40863, 3524, 198, 198, 6767, 5024, 198, 5870, 20476, 357, 34, 22157, 32193, 329, 36198, 5599, 5224, 828, 281, 30113, 4009, 287, 262, 8069, 82, 5581, 905, 18990, 26487, 7502, 11, 3943, 609, 11011, 198, 366, 464, 609, 931, 1, 357, 464, 4452, 828, 281, 4471, 286, 262, 1605, 37521, 383, 4452, 198, 198, 6395, 3544, 198, 609, 931, 11, 257, 19343, 6174, 2005, 357, 15039, 8, 198, 370, 609, 931, 290, 27989, 11, 257, 5581, 3227, 1664, 9393, 287, 1853, 326, 4635, 383, 5675, 9852, 198, 383, 609, 8142, 11, 21814, 329, 8884, 25398, 2306, 4912, 1160, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 220, 198, 220, 198, 29260, 357, 6381, 4131, 328, 2288, 8, 198, 609, 9430, 357, 6381, 4131, 328, 2288, 8, 198, 609, 931, 9794, 357, 6381, 4131, 328, 2288, 8 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169332	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iain%20Rennie	Iain Rennie	Iain Robert Rennie (born 1964) was appointed as the State Services Commissioner of the New Zealand public service in 2008 succeeding Mark Prebble. He was the Deputy State Services Commissioner from 2007 until June 2008. He was reappointed for a second term in July 2013. History Rennie has a BA (Hons) in Economics from Victoria University of Wellington. He joined the Treasury in 1986, and also worked for 1990-93 and 2004 in the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Before he was appointed to the SSC, he helped provide strategic leadership at the Treasury - advising the Minister of Finance on microeconomic and macroeconomic policy issues. State Services Commissioner In his role as Commissioner, Rennie has been involved in a number of initiatives to improve the performance of the public service including projects called Better Public Services, the Performance Improvement Framework. The State Sector Amendment Act 2013 gave him greater responsibility for developing senior leadership and management capability, including appointments to key positions within the public service. He is also responsible for driving state sector reform in line with the Government's objectives. References External links Rennie steps up to replace boss as State Services head 1964 births Living people New Zealand public servants Victoria University of Wellington alumni Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit	[ 40, 391, 5199, 371, 1697, 494, 220, 357, 6286, 17575, 8, 373, 9899, 355, 262, 1812, 6168, 13270, 286, 262, 968, 8936, 1171, 2139, 287, 3648, 34195, 2940, 3771, 65, 903, 13, 679, 373, 262, 15110, 1812, 6168, 13270, 422, 4343, 1566, 2795, 3648, 13, 220, 679, 373, 24578, 20909, 329, 257, 1218, 3381, 287, 2901, 2211, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 220, 198, 198, 49, 1697, 494, 468, 257, 23715, 357, 39, 684, 8, 287, 18963, 422, 12313, 2059, 286, 30597, 13, 679, 5399, 262, 13419, 287, 12113, 11, 290, 635, 3111, 329, 6303, 12, 6052, 290, 5472, 287, 262, 2732, 286, 262, 5537, 4139, 290, 20384, 13, 7413, 339, 373, 9899, 284, 262, 311, 6173, 11, 339, 4193, 2148, 10039, 5531, 379, 262, 13419, 532, 30341, 262, 4139, 286, 15007, 319, 4580, 17079, 290, 15021, 17079, 2450, 2428, 13, 198, 198, 9012, 6168, 13270, 220, 198, 198, 818, 465, 2597, 355, 13270, 11, 371, 1697, 494, 468, 587, 2950, 287, 257, 1271, 286, 15446, 284, 2987, 262, 2854, 286, 262, 1171, 2139, 1390, 4493, 1444, 11625, 5094, 6168, 11, 262, 15193, 33764, 25161, 13, 383, 1812, 25892, 8441, 2191, 2211, 2921, 683, 3744, 5798, 329, 5922, 4664, 5531, 290, 4542, 12971, 11, 1390, 23976, 284, 1994, 6116, 1626, 262, 1171, 2139, 13, 679, 318, 635, 4497, 329, 5059, 1181, 6567, 4975, 287, 1627, 351, 262, 5070, 338, 15221, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 49, 1697, 494, 4831, 510, 284, 6330, 6478, 355, 1812, 6168, 1182, 198, 198, 46477, 27244, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 3791, 8936, 1171, 17523, 198, 49898, 2059, 286, 30597, 31333, 198, 41309, 507, 286, 262, 968, 8936, 8284, 286, 4638, 270 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169338	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta%20Pops%20Orchestra	Atlanta Pops Orchestra	The Atlanta Pops Orchestra was established in 1945 by Albert Coleman. Coleman, a French immigrant, began working at WSB Radio in Atlanta, Georgia in 1944. At the time he saw a need to gather what he considered to be the best musicians to form the Atlanta Pops Orchestra. The orchestra was to play for radio dates, public concerts, and free performances to benefit the arts, the area youth, and aspiring musicians. The Atlanta Pops became known throughout the southeast as a result of concerts free to local audiences in Atlanta. Albert was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame for his contributions to both the orchestra and the multitude of young artists whose careers were assisted by him and for the diversity and longevity of his involvement in the arts in Georgia. Following Albert Coleman's retirement in 1998 the orchestra performed under guest conductors for mainly private events. In 2002 the management was assumed by Altieri & Associates Entertainment, Inc. an Atlanta management, booking, and musical contracting company, which managed the organization through 2019. Former Atlanta Symphony principal trumpet John Head served as conductor and principal arranger for the Atlanta Pops from 2002 to 2010, leading the orchestra in performances throughout the metro Atlanta area and a three-week tour of Taiwan in 2004. Upon his retirement in 2010, Maestro Head was succeeded by Dr. Jason D. Altieri. In addition to his role as Conductor and Music Director of the Atlanta Pops Orchestra, Jason is the Associate Conductor of the Reno Philharmonic and Director of Orchestras at the University of Nevada. He has made several national and international guest conducting appearances with the Hollywood Film Orchestra, New Sigmund Romberg Orchestra, Duluth Superior Symphony in Minnesota, Santa Fe Symphony, and the New Mexico Philharmonic. Under Dr. Altieri, the Atlanta Pops Orchestra has broadened its original musical goals to include corporate events as well as school clinics and concerts, and entire community concert series. Musicians of the Atlanta Pops perform in Broadway shows visiting Atlanta and with other touring productions and celebrity shows, including Mannheim Steamroller, Celtic Woman, Johnny Mathis, and many others. The Atlanta Pops Orchestra continues to feature a diverse range of popular guest soloists and emerging talent in performances throughout the southeastern US. Discography Albums Singles References External links Atlanta Pops Orchestra official website Mountain Overture debuts at #5 on the Billboard Bluegrass album chart on May 11, 2018 Mountain Overture debuts at #6 on the Billboard Classical album chart on May 11, 2018 American orchestras Pops orchestras Musical groups established in 1945 Orchestras based in Georgia (U.S. state)	[ 464, 9371, 350, 2840, 34017, 373, 4920, 287, 15761, 416, 9966, 22687, 13, 22687, 11, 257, 4141, 15773, 11, 2540, 1762, 379, 370, 16811, 8829, 287, 9371, 11, 7859, 287, 16994, 13, 1629, 262, 640, 339, 2497, 257, 761, 284, 6431, 644, 339, 3177, 284, 307, 262, 1266, 17245, 284, 1296, 262, 9371, 350, 2840, 34017, 13, 383, 40095, 373, 284, 711, 329, 5243, 9667, 11, 1171, 28565, 11, 290, 1479, 13289, 284, 4414, 262, 10848, 11, 262, 1989, 6205, 11, 290, 31483, 17245, 13, 383, 9371, 350, 2840, 2627, 1900, 3690, 262, 26015, 355, 257, 1255, 286, 28565, 1479, 284, 1957, 15579, 287, 9371, 13, 9966, 373, 28948, 276, 656, 262, 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17169339	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda%20Hyman	Yehuda Hyman	Yehuda Hyman is an American playwright, dancer, choreographer, actor, and poet. Life and Work Yehuda Hyman was born and raised in Los Angeles to immigrant parents from Poland and Russia. Hyman got his start in theater at age 17 in the chorus of a Broadway show. He began making dances in New York City at the Riverside Dance Festival and Washington Square Church. His work has been produced at the McCarter Theatre, Mark Taper Forum, San Diego Repertory Theater, and Highways Performance Space among others. Honors include two NEA Grants, Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays Award, Jerome Fellowship and grants from the Center for Jewish Culture and Creativity. He performed his solo piece, The Mad 7 at the NYC Fringe the JCC Manhattan and across the U.S. and performed with Target Margin Theater in NYC at HERE Arts Center, Chocolate Factory and the Bushwick Star). He was a 2013/14 Artist Fellow at the LABA House of Study/14St Y where he developed his full-length theatrical memoir, The Mar Vista. He received his M.F.A. in Dance from Sarah Lawrence College (2014). He is the artistic director of Yehuda Hyman/Mystical Feet Company. Plays The Mad 7 The Mad Dancers Center of the Star Swan Lake Calhoun I Ask You, Ladies and Gentlemen (adapted from the novel by Leon Surmelian) David in Shadow and Light The Mar Vista Literature Judith Brin Ingber (Ed.): Seeing Israeli and Jewish Dance. 2011. Notes External links The Mystical Feet Company American dramatists and playwrights American musical theatre librettists Living people Jewish American dramatists and playwrights Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American Jews	[ 56, 17231, 15339, 6707, 805, 318, 281, 1605, 711, 29995, 11, 38619, 11, 30569, 18539, 11, 8674, 11, 290, 21810, 13, 198, 198, 14662, 290, 5521, 198, 198, 56, 17231, 15339, 6707, 805, 373, 4642, 290, 4376, 287, 5401, 5652, 284, 15773, 3397, 422, 12873, 290, 3284, 13, 6707, 805, 1392, 465, 923, 287, 13766, 379, 2479, 1596, 287, 262, 26441, 286, 257, 20617, 905, 13, 679, 2540, 1642, 38207, 287, 968, 1971, 2254, 379, 262, 35597, 17349, 11117, 290, 2669, 9276, 4564, 13, 2399, 670, 468, 587, 4635, 379, 262, 5108, 2571, 15752, 11, 2940, 309, 2136, 14867, 11, 2986, 9500, 797, 11766, 652, 22207, 11, 290, 3334, 1322, 15193, 4687, 1871, 1854, 13, 8835, 669, 2291, 734, 10635, 32, 40535, 11, 10401, 3337, 7557, 329, 968, 1605, 38116, 11289, 11, 33617, 36293, 290, 11455, 422, 262, 3337, 329, 5582, 17346, 290, 7921, 3458, 13, 679, 6157, 465, 12199, 3704, 11, 383, 4627, 767, 379, 262, 19170, 1305, 11912, 262, 449, 4093, 13458, 290, 1973, 262, 471, 13, 50, 13, 290, 6157, 351, 12744, 11899, 259, 22207, 287, 19170, 379, 15698, 11536, 3337, 11, 24777, 19239, 290, 262, 5511, 16239, 2907, 737, 679, 373, 257, 2211, 14, 1415, 18902, 29764, 379, 262, 9131, 4339, 2097, 286, 12481, 14, 1415, 1273, 575, 810, 339, 4166, 465, 1336, 12, 13664, 32010, 24649, 11, 383, 1526, 25160, 13, 679, 2722, 465, 337, 13, 37, 13, 32, 13, 287, 17349, 422, 10490, 13914, 5535, 357, 4967, 737, 679, 318, 262, 17290, 3437, 286, 11609, 71, 15339, 6707, 805, 14, 3666, 301, 605, 43391, 5834, 13, 198, 198, 3646, 592, 628, 383, 4627, 767, 198, 383, 4627, 360, 20811, 198, 3337, 286, 262, 2907, 198, 21491, 6233, 2199, 47714, 198, 314, 16981, 921, 11, 37401, 290, 25066, 3653, 357, 42552, 276, 422, 262, 5337, 416, 10592, 4198, 17694, 666, 8, 198, 3271, 287, 8843, 290, 4401, 198, 383, 1526, 25160, 198, 198, 43460, 1300, 198, 39987, 1709, 259, 17589, 527, 357, 7407, 47308, 25913, 6085, 290, 5582, 17349, 13, 2813, 13, 198, 198, 16130, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 628, 383, 32347, 605, 43391, 5834, 198, 198, 7437, 4850, 265, 1023, 290, 711, 18351, 2337, 198, 7437, 10530, 21421, 9195, 11489, 1023, 198, 36376, 661, 198, 28240, 1605, 4850, 265, 1023, 290, 711, 18351, 2337, 198, 17688, 286, 4082, 4814, 357, 19950, 661, 8, 198, 2481, 301, 12, 14792, 1605, 6771 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169384	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone%20Heights%20Airport	Keystone Heights Airport	Keystone Heights Airport , is a public use airport located 3 miles north of Keystone Heights, Florida in Clay and Bradford counties. Owned by the Keystone Heights Airport Authority, this airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility. The airport is adjacent to Camp Blanding, the Florida National Guard Reservation and "Fly through History" Military Museum and Memorial Park. The museum at Camp Blanding is dedicated to the World War II units that trained there during the early 1940s. History The airport was constructed in 1942 as Crystal Lake Airfield, and was commissioned in December 1942 as Keystone Army Airfield (AAF) by the United States Army Air Forces. It was used as part of the Air University's Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics (AAFSAT) tactical combat simulation school in Central and Northern Florida. After the end of World War II, the facility was turned over to the City of Keystone Heights in 1947. Facilities and aircraft The airport covers an area of 2,476 acres (1,002 ha) at an elevation of 196 feet (60 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,046 by 100 feet (1,538 x 30 m) and 11/29 is 4,899 by 75 feet (1,493 x 23 m). Airport operations are conducted through the Keystone Heights Airpark Authority Board, one full-time airport manager, one full-time administration assistant and one full-time operations maintenance manager. The airport is home to three flight schools: Distinguished Flyers, Primary Flight Control and the College of Missionary Aviation. There are two full time FAA certified airframe and power plant mechanics located on the airport. Separate from aviation services, the Florida International Rally and Motorsport Park, RallyPro Performance Driving School, and International Security Academy are also located at the airport complex. The businesses located on the airport property employ approximately 80 people. As of September 2018, the airport had 32,400 aircraft operations, an average of 88 per day: 95.7% general aviation, 2.8% military, and 1.5% air taxi within a 12-month period. At that time, there were 55 aircraft based at this airport: 85.5% single-engine, 5.5% helicopter, 3.6% multi-engine, 3.6% glider, and 1.8% ultralight. References External links Keystone Hts. Airport (42J) brochure from CFASPP Aerial image as of February 1999 from USGS The National Map Airports in Florida Transportation buildings and structures in Clay County, Florida Transportation buildings and structures in Bradford County, Florida Airports established in 1942 1942 establishments in Florida	[ 9218, 6440, 20365, 12690, 837, 220, 318, 257, 1171, 779, 9003, 5140, 513, 4608, 5093, 286, 29055, 20365, 11, 4744, 287, 15551, 290, 28199, 14683, 13, 220, 198, 198, 23858, 276, 416, 262, 29055, 20365, 12690, 11416, 11, 428, 9003, 318, 3017, 287, 262, 2351, 5224, 286, 35432, 12690, 11998, 329, 2813, 1906, 4626, 11, 543, 37661, 340, 355, 257, 2276, 22548, 6841, 13, 198, 198, 464, 9003, 318, 15909, 284, 5425, 49524, 278, 11, 262, 4744, 2351, 4932, 1874, 13208, 290, 366, 33771, 832, 7443, 1, 12842, 9594, 290, 14861, 3250, 13, 383, 13257, 379, 5425, 49524, 278, 318, 7256, 284, 262, 2159, 1810, 2873, 4991, 326, 8776, 612, 1141, 262, 1903, 16236, 82, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 220, 628, 220, 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17169427	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coz	Coz	Coz may refer to: Claude Le Coz (1740-1815), French Catholic bishop Coz Kerrigan (21st century), British musician David Gutiérrez de Coz (born 1980), Spanish football (soccer) defender Cozumel, Mexico See also Because (disambiguation)	[ 7222, 89, 743, 3522, 284, 25, 628, 40559, 1004, 1766, 89, 357, 1558, 1821, 12, 1507, 1314, 828, 4141, 7835, 24233, 198, 1766, 89, 17337, 35631, 357, 2481, 301, 4289, 828, 3517, 21623, 198, 3271, 27549, 72, 42445, 21107, 390, 1766, 89, 357, 6286, 7169, 828, 7897, 4346, 357, 35634, 2189, 8, 13191, 198, 1766, 89, 388, 417, 11, 5828, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 4362, 357, 6381, 4131, 328, 2288, 8 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave%20humidity%20sounder	Microwave humidity sounder	The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is a five-channel passive microwave radiometer, with channels from 89 to 190 GHz. It is very similar in design to the AMSU-B instrument, but some channel frequencies have been altered. It is used to study profiles of atmospheric water vapor and provide improved input data to the cloud-clearing algorithms in the IR and MW sounder suites. Instruments were launched on NOAA's POES satellite series starting with NOAA-18 launched in May 2005 and the European Space Agency's MetOp series starting with MetOp-A launched in October 2006 and continuing with MetOp-B launched in September 2012. The Microwave Humidity Sounder was designed and developed by Astrium EU in Portsmouth, UK, under contract to EUMETSAT. Instrument Characteristics Heritage: AMSU-B, HSB Swath: 1650 km Spatial resolution: 17 km horizontal at nadir Mass: 63 kg Duty cycle: 100% Power: 74 W (BOL) Data rate: 4.2 kbit/s Field of View: ± 49.5 degrees cross-track Instrument Instantaneous Field of View: 1.1 degrees circular Table 1: Radiometric characteristics of the MHS External links NOAA KLM User's Guide Spacecraft instruments Satellite meteorology Atmospheric sounding satellite sensors	[ 464, 7631, 808, 1015, 11054, 17995, 9506, 263, 357, 44, 7998, 8, 318, 257, 1936, 12, 17620, 14513, 27000, 19772, 15635, 11, 351, 9619, 422, 9919, 284, 19884, 26499, 13, 220, 632, 318, 845, 2092, 287, 1486, 284, 262, 3001, 12564, 12, 33, 8875, 11, 475, 617, 6518, 19998, 423, 587, 14294, 13, 220, 632, 318, 973, 284, 2050, 16545, 286, 20938, 1660, 20199, 290, 2148, 6596, 5128, 1366, 284, 262, 6279, 12, 2375, 1723, 16113, 287, 262, 14826, 290, 29961, 2128, 263, 45861, 13, 43953, 547, 5611, 319, 36184, 338, 220, 19922, 1546, 11210, 2168, 3599, 351, 36184, 12, 1507, 5611, 287, 1737, 5075, 290, 262, 3427, 4687, 7732, 338, 3395, 18257, 2168, 3599, 351, 3395, 18257, 12, 32, 5611, 287, 3267, 4793, 290, 8282, 351, 3395, 18257, 12, 33, 5611, 287, 2693, 2321, 13, 198, 198, 464, 7631, 808, 1015, 11054, 17995, 9506, 263, 373, 3562, 290, 4166, 416, 8304, 19172, 4576, 287, 48823, 11, 3482, 11, 739, 2775, 284, 4576, 44, 32716, 1404, 13, 198, 198, 818, 43872, 15684, 3969, 220, 198, 198, 9360, 10208, 25, 3001, 12564, 12, 33, 11, 367, 16811, 198, 10462, 776, 25, 1467, 1120, 10571, 198, 4561, 34961, 6323, 25, 1596, 10571, 16021, 379, 299, 324, 343, 198, 20273, 25, 8093, 14211, 198, 35, 3935, 6772, 25, 1802, 4, 198, 13434, 25, 8915, 370, 357, 33, 3535, 8, 198, 6601, 2494, 25, 604, 13, 17, 479, 2545, 14, 82, 198, 15878, 286, 3582, 25, 6354, 5125, 13, 20, 7370, 3272, 12, 11659, 198, 818, 43872, 24470, 11655, 7663, 286, 3582, 25, 352, 13, 16, 7370, 18620, 198, 198, 10962, 352, 25, 5325, 72, 16996, 9695, 286, 262, 337, 7998, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 15285, 3838, 509, 31288, 11787, 338, 10005, 198, 198, 14106, 3323, 12834, 198, 50, 26493, 19999, 1435, 198, 2953, 6384, 15011, 22655, 11210, 15736 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169437	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11948%20Justineh%C3%A9nin	11948 Justinehénin	11948 Justinehénin, provisional designation , is a Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 18 August 1993, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at CERGA () in Caussols, southeastern France. It was named for tennis player Justine Henin. Orbit and classification Justinehénin orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,091 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The first identification was made at Crimea–Nauchnij in 1973, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 31 years prior to its discovery. Physical characteristics Diameter and albedo Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.2, Justinehénin potentially measures between 6 and 14 kilometers in diameter, assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25. Since asteroids in the outer main-belt are mostly of a carbonaceous rather than of a silicaceous composition, with low albedos, typically around 0.06, Justinehénins diameter might be on the upper end of NASA's published conversion table, as the lower the body's reflectivity (albedo), the larger its diameter at a constant absolute magnitude (brightness). Lightcurves As of 2017, the asteroid's effective size, its composition and albedo, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown. Naming This minor planet was named for Belgian former professional tennis player Justine Henin (born 1985). Although her name (usually) contains no acute accent, the asteroid's official name does. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 September 2003 (). References External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000) – Minor Planet Center 011948 Discoveries by Eric Walter Elst Named minor planets 19930818	[ 16315, 2780, 2329, 500, 71, 2634, 35073, 11, 37042, 22566, 837, 318, 257, 26460, 396, 666, 27460, 422, 262, 12076, 3814, 286, 262, 27460, 10999, 11, 6702, 1105, 18212, 287, 14753, 13, 198, 198, 464, 27460, 373, 5071, 319, 1248, 2932, 9656, 11, 416, 21402, 47603, 7651, 2574, 301, 379, 327, 1137, 9273, 7499, 287, 6488, 1046, 10220, 11, 35618, 4881, 13, 632, 373, 3706, 329, 20790, 2137, 2329, 500, 6752, 259, 13, 198, 198, 5574, 2545, 290, 17923, 220, 198, 198, 5703, 500, 71, 2634, 35073, 37015, 262, 3825, 287, 262, 12076, 1388, 12, 37976, 379, 257, 5253, 286, 362, 13, 23, 1906, 18, 13, 21, 1849, 26830, 1752, 790, 642, 812, 290, 860, 1933, 357, 17, 11, 2931, 16, 1528, 737, 6363, 13066, 468, 281, 29303, 414, 286, 657, 13, 1065, 290, 281, 36793, 286, 362, 7200, 351, 2461, 284, 262, 304, 565, 10257, 291, 13, 383, 717, 11795, 373, 925, 379, 21590, 1906, 45, 559, 1349, 2926, 287, 15674, 11, 16610, 262, 27460, 338, 13432, 10389, 416, 3261, 812, 3161, 284, 663, 9412, 13, 198, 198, 31611, 9695, 198, 198, 35, 13173, 290, 435, 3077, 78, 220, 198, 198, 15001, 319, 281, 4112, 14735, 286, 1511, 13, 17, 11, 2329, 500, 71, 2634, 35073, 6196, 5260, 1022, 718, 290, 1478, 18212, 287, 14753, 11, 13148, 281, 435, 3077, 78, 287, 262, 2837, 286, 657, 13, 2713, 284, 657, 13, 1495, 13, 4619, 43098, 287, 262, 12076, 1388, 12, 37976, 389, 4632, 286, 257, 6588, 37797, 2138, 621, 286, 257, 3313, 291, 37797, 11742, 11, 351, 1877, 435, 3077, 418, 11, 6032, 1088, 657, 13, 3312, 11, 2329, 500, 71, 35942, 1040, 14753, 1244, 307, 319, 262, 6727, 886, 286, 8884, 338, 3199, 11315, 3084, 11, 355, 262, 2793, 262, 1767, 338, 4079, 3458, 357, 282, 3077, 78, 828, 262, 4025, 663, 14753, 379, 257, 6937, 4112, 14735, 357, 29199, 1108, 737, 198, 198, 15047, 22019, 1158, 220, 198, 198, 1722, 286, 2177, 11, 262, 27460, 338, 4050, 2546, 11, 663, 11742, 290, 435, 3077, 78, 11, 355, 880, 355, 663, 13179, 2278, 290, 5485, 3520, 6439, 13, 198, 198, 45, 3723, 220, 198, 198, 1212, 4159, 5440, 373, 3706, 329, 21402, 1966, 4708, 20790, 2137, 2329, 500, 6752, 259, 357, 6286, 12863, 737, 4900, 607, 1438, 357, 23073, 8, 4909, 645, 14352, 18702, 11, 262, 27460, 338, 1743, 1438, 857, 13, 383, 1743, 19264, 27860, 373, 3199, 416, 262, 15367, 11397, 3337, 319, 838, 2693, 5816, 27972, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 38484, 1868, 4401, 22019, 303, 24047, 357, 5639, 11012, 828, 12405, 1296, 357, 10951, 1267, 198, 28261, 286, 15367, 11397, 28531, 11, 3012, 3835, 198, 38484, 10994, 290, 401, 1039, 13179, 23759, 11, 327, 67, 49, 784, 19243, 5549, 557, 390, 5215, 14064, 303, 11, 7567, 2852, 10407, 10920, 198, 23455, 7672, 388, 301, 1817, 25, 399, 26584, 15367, 5224, 1039, 357, 3064, 486, 13219, 7, 1314, 830, 8, 784, 15367, 11397, 3337, 198, 220, 198, 220, 628, 220, 198, 198, 486, 1129, 2780, 198, 44596, 444, 416, 7651, 15819, 2574, 301, 198, 45, 2434, 4159, 14705, 198, 19104, 21495, 1507 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution%20in%20Sierra%20Leone	Prostitution in Sierra Leone	Prostitution in Sierra Leone is legal and commonplace. Soliciting and 3rd party involvement are prohibited by the Sexual Offences Act 2012. UNAIDS estimate there are 240,000 prostitutes in the country. They are known locally as 'serpents' because of the hissing noise they use to attract clients. Sex workers report they are often abused, harassed and suffer extortion by the police. In 1787 the British Crown founded a settlement in Sierra Leone in what was called the "Province of Freedom". It intended to resettle some of the "Black Poor of London," mostly African Americans freed by the British during the American Revolutionary War. About 290 free black men, 41 black women and 60 white prostitutes from London reached Sierra Leone on 15 May 1787. Since the end of the ten-year civil war in Sierra Leone, there has been an increase in child prostitution, especially among children who are struggling to survive. This has happened in spite of the fact that child prostitution is illegal in the country. Sex trafficking Sierra Leone is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking. Victims originate largely from rural provinces and are recruited to urban and mining centers for exploitation in sex trafficking. At times, sex trafficking occurs on beaches and in nightclubs. Trafficking victims are also exploited in fishing and agriculture and subjected to sex trafficking through customary practices, such as forced marriages. Traffickers typically operate individually, convincing parents to hand over their children and promising to provide an education or better life but instead exploiting the children in trafficking. Sierra Leonean girls are increasingly exploited in Guinea. Traffickers have exploited boys and girls from Sierra Leone to reportedly work as “cultural dancers”—and possibly also for sexual exploitation—in The Gambia. Sierra Leonean adults voluntarily migrate to other West African countries, including Mauritania and Guinea, as well as to the Middle East and Europe, where some are subjected to forced prostitution. As in previous years, Sierra Leonean women are subjected to trafficking in Kuwait and Lebanon. Children from neighboring West African countries have been exploited in prostitution in Sierra Leone. The 2005 anti-trafficking law criminalizes all forms of human trafficking and prescribes a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment and/or a fine of 50 million leones ($6,710) for sex trafficking. In addition, two other laws prescribe penalties for sex trafficking offenses that differ from the anti-trafficking law. The Child Rights Act imposes a penalty for the prostitution of a child by a third party of 30 million leones ($4,030) and/or two years imprisonment, which is neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with penalties for rape. The Sexual Offences Act criminalizes forced prostitution and child prostitution with penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Sierra Leone as a 'Tier 2 Watch List' country. 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17169481	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloquet%20Valley%20State%20Forest	Cloquet Valley State Forest	The Cloquet Valley State Forest encompasses ; of which (or 15%) are Minnesota Department of Natural Resources forestry administered lands. Located in southeast Saint Louis County, the Cloquet Valley State Forest is located about north of Duluth and southeast of Virginia, in Minnesota's Arrowhead region. It spreads out over east–central Saint Louis County, generally in areas just north of the city of Duluth, but extending into the valleys of the Ush-kab-wan River, Whiteface River, and Cloquet River, for which it is named. The city of Cloquet is located in adjacent Carlton County. Recreational activities offered at the Indian Lake campground within the forest include camping, fishing, and a canoe route on the Cloquet River. The Superior National Forest is located immediately north of the Cloquet Valley State Forest. Saint Louis County Road 4 and County Road 44 are two of the main routes in the Cloquet Valley State Forest area. County Road 4 runs north–south through the middle of the forest between Island Lake and the community of Markham. County Road 44 runs north–south through the eastern portion of the forest, passing through the community of Brimson at the northeast corner of the forest. County Road 52 runs east–west through the northwest part of the forest, east of Cotton, passing through the community of Whiteface. County Road 49 runs east–west through the western portion of the forest. The majority of CR 49 is unpaved gravel surface. Harris Road runs east–west through the southwest part of the forest. The entire route of Harris Road is unpaved gravel surface. County Road 547 / UT Road 9230 runs generally east–west through the northern portion of the forest in two separate segments. The first section of the route runs between Whiteface towards Markham. The second section of the route runs from near Markham to Brimson. The entire route of CR 547 / UT 9230 is unpaved gravel surface. Fauna The Cloquet Valley State Forest is home to many different animals. Among the animals that live in the forest there are: Pine Marten, Beaver, Otter, Wolves, Bear, White Tail Deer, Fox, Moose, and Lynx. Numerous species of birds can be found in the Cloquet Valley State Forest as well including: Bald Eagles, Great Horned Owls, and Common Loons. Fish found in the waters of the state forest include: Walleye, Musky, Northern Pike, Large/Small Mouth Bass, Yellow Perch, Sunfish and Crappie. Biome The Cloquet Valley State Forest sits within the Coniferous forest biome of northeastern Minnesota. Large stands of red and white pine can be found in this forest along with other coniferous trees such as Spruce, Fir, and Tamarack. Mixed in with these conifers are large portions of forest made up of Aspen and Birch. See also List of Minnesota state forests Sources "Cloquet Valley State Forest", Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Retrieved April 29, 2008 External links Cloquet Valley State Forest – Official Website Friends of the Cloquet Valley State Forest Minnesota state forests Protected areas of St. Louis County, Minnesota	[ 464, 38700, 21108, 6916, 1812, 9115, 38932, 2162, 220, 286, 543, 357, 273, 1315, 4407, 389, 8919, 2732, 286, 12068, 13864, 37683, 17169, 8604, 13, 198, 198, 43525, 287, 26015, 9281, 5593, 3418, 11, 262, 38700, 21108, 6916, 1812, 9115, 318, 5140, 546, 220, 5093, 286, 42148, 1071, 290, 220, 26015, 286, 6025, 11, 287, 8919, 338, 19408, 2256, 3814, 13, 220, 632, 26779, 503, 625, 7627, 1906, 31463, 9281, 5593, 3418, 11, 4143, 287, 3006, 655, 5093, 286, 262, 1748, 286, 42148, 1071, 11, 475, 16610, 656, 262, 43088, 286, 262, 471, 1477, 12, 74, 397, 12, 8149, 5866, 11, 2635, 2550, 5866, 11, 290, 38700, 21108, 5866, 11, 329, 543, 340, 318, 3706, 13, 383, 1748, 286, 38700, 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17169504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Le%20Rochois	Marie Le Rochois	Marie Le Rochois (c. 1658 – 8 October 1728) was a French operatic soprano who belonged to the Académie Royale de Musique. She is often referred to as Marthe Le Rochois or simply La Rochois. Opera career She was introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lully, possibly by his father-in-law Michel Lambert who may have been her teacher, and became a member of the Paris Opéra in 1678. She sang in operas by Lully, Pascal Collasse, Henri Desmarets, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, André Campra, Marin Marais, and André Cardinal Destouches but she was best regarded for her portrayal of Armide in Lully's opera. Unlike some of her wilder colleagues at the opera, Julie d'Aubigny and Fanchon Moreau, she enjoyed a reputation for moral rectitude. Less of a celebrity, she was more of an artist, as indicated by the number of important roles with which she was entrusted by Lully and his successors. Retirement After retiring from the stage in 1698, she became a teacher, while remaining active in the contemporary arts social world. Her students included Marie Antier and Françoise Journet. She died in Paris in 1728. Roles created Arethusa in Lully's Proserpine (Paris, 1680) Merope in Lully's Persée (Paris, 1682) Arcabonne in Lully's Amadis (Paris, 1684) Angéligue in Lully's Roland (Paris, 1684) Armide in Lully's Armide (Paris, 1686) Galatée in Acis et Galatée (Paris, 1686) Polixène in the Lully-Collasse Achille et Polyxène (Paris, 1687) Thétis in Collasse's Thétis et Pélée (Paris, 1689) Lavinie in Collasse's Enée et Lavinie (Paris, 1690) The title role in Desmarets's Didon (Paris, 1693) The title role in Charpentier's Médée (Paris, 1693) Ariane in Marin Marais's Ariane et Bacchus (Paris, 1696) Vénus in Desmarets's Vénus et Adonis (Paris, 1697) The title role in Destouches's Issé (Paris, 1697) Roxane in Campra's L'Europe galante (Paris, 1697) Sources Anthony, James R (1992), 'Le Rochois, Marie' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. 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17169629	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team%20Dynamik	Team Dynamik	Team Dynamik was an Australian motor racing team that competed in Australian V8 Supercar racing between 2001 and 2005. History Owned by Kieran Wills, Adelaide based Team Dynamik debuted in the 2001 with Simon Wills racing an ex Gibson Motorsport Holden Commodore VT to victory in the Development Series. In 2003, the team entered the V8 Supercar Championship Series after purchasing a Level 1 franchise with two licences from Romano Racing and entering Holden Commodore VYs for Wills and Jason Richards. The year was highlighted by a strong performance at the Sandown 500, where the car ran second to Mark Skaife until an incident with two laps remaining put them out of the race. In 2004 Richards was replaced by Dale Brede. A third car appeared at two rounds with Will Davison driving. In August 2004, Team Dynamik conducted an unauthorised test at Woomera Test Range and were fined $104,000. In 2005, Will Davison was contracted to drive, while the second licence was sold to Tony Longhurst, who contracted Team Dynamik to prepare a car with Max Wilson driving. However, after the opening race at the Australian Grand Prix, the team advised Davison it was unable to fulfill its contract for him to drive the second car. In September 2005, Longhurst purchased the second licence. After announcing his intention to relocate the team to Queensland, in 2006 Longhurst on-sold the licences to Paul Morris Motorsport and Rod Nash Racing. This resulted in legal action, with Team Dynamik claiming a share of the profits Longhurst made. Drivers Supercars Drivers Simon Wills (2003-2005) Jason Richards (2003) Nicolas Minassian (2003) Wayne Wakefield (2003) Jan Magnussen (2003) Dale Brede (2004) Neil McFadyen (2004) Will Davison (2004) Paul Stokell (2004) Tony Longhurst (2005) Max Wilson (2005) Mark Porter (2005) Kayne Scott (2005) Super2 Drivers Simon Wills (2001) References Auto racing teams in Australia Auto racing teams established in 2001 Auto racing teams disestablished in 2005 Sports clubs and teams in South Australia Supercars Championship teams 2001 establishments in Australia 2005 disestablishments in Australia	[ 15592, 14970, 1134, 373, 281, 6638, 5584, 11717, 1074, 326, 32440, 287, 6638, 569, 23, 3115, 7718, 11717, 1022, 5878, 290, 5075, 13, 198, 198, 18122, 198, 23858, 276, 416, 39717, 272, 370, 2171, 11, 27139, 1912, 4816, 14970, 1134, 26376, 287, 262, 5878, 351, 11288, 370, 2171, 11717, 281, 409, 20400, 49996, 43393, 48808, 32751, 284, 5373, 287, 262, 7712, 7171, 13, 198, 198, 818, 5816, 11, 262, 1074, 5982, 262, 569, 23, 3115, 7718, 10749, 7171, 706, 14080, 257, 5684, 352, 8663, 351, 734, 45475, 422, 3570, 5733, 14954, 290, 8218, 43393, 48808, 569, 56, 82, 329, 370, 2171, 290, 8982, 14743, 13, 383, 614, 373, 14537, 416, 257, 1913, 2854, 220, 379, 262, 3837, 593, 5323, 11, 810, 262, 1097, 4966, 1218, 284, 2940, 3661, 64, 901, 1566, 281, 4519, 351, 734, 24590, 5637, 1234, 606, 503, 286, 262, 3234, 13, 198, 198, 818, 5472, 14743, 373, 6928, 416, 20412, 347, 445, 68, 13, 317, 2368, 1097, 4120, 379, 734, 9196, 351, 2561, 2544, 1653, 5059, 13, 554, 2932, 5472, 11, 4816, 14970, 1134, 5952, 281, 555, 9800, 1417, 1332, 379, 370, 4207, 8607, 6208, 13667, 290, 547, 22643, 720, 13464, 11, 830, 13, 198, 198, 818, 5075, 11, 2561, 2544, 1653, 373, 23407, 284, 3708, 11, 981, 262, 1218, 17098, 373, 2702, 284, 8832, 47513, 24962, 11, 508, 23407, 4816, 14970, 1134, 284, 8335, 257, 1097, 351, 5436, 8127, 5059, 13, 2102, 11, 706, 262, 4756, 3234, 379, 262, 6638, 5675, 23832, 11, 262, 1074, 13030, 2544, 1653, 340, 373, 5906, 284, 14658, 663, 2775, 329, 683, 284, 3708, 262, 1218, 1097, 13, 198, 198, 818, 2693, 5075, 11, 47513, 24962, 8155, 262, 1218, 17098, 13, 2293, 16428, 465, 6778, 284, 36867, 262, 1074, 284, 21105, 11, 287, 4793, 47513, 24962, 319, 12, 24120, 262, 45475, 284, 3362, 14433, 49996, 290, 6882, 13950, 14954, 13, 770, 8724, 287, 2742, 2223, 11, 351, 4816, 14970, 1134, 8512, 257, 2648, 286, 262, 10177, 47513, 24962, 925, 13, 198, 198, 20564, 690, 198, 198, 12442, 37993, 36577, 198, 11288, 370, 2171, 357, 16088, 12, 14315, 8, 198, 8982, 14743, 357, 16088, 8, 198, 29737, 1855, 46091, 357, 16088, 8, 198, 13329, 20441, 3245, 357, 16088, 8, 198, 2365, 14872, 35951, 357, 16088, 8, 198, 20412, 347, 445, 68, 357, 15724, 8, 198, 15929, 38222, 4597, 268, 357, 15724, 8, 198, 2561, 2544, 1653, 357, 15724, 8, 198, 3362, 36178, 297, 357, 15724, 8, 198, 8832, 47513, 24962, 357, 14315, 8, 198, 5436, 8127, 357, 14315, 8, 198, 2940, 20890, 357, 14315, 8, 198, 17356, 710, 4746, 357, 14315, 8, 198, 198, 12442, 17, 36577, 198, 11288, 370, 2171, 357, 14585, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 27722, 11717, 3466, 287, 4505, 198, 27722, 11717, 3466, 4920, 287, 5878, 198, 27722, 11717, 3466, 595, 27718, 287, 5075, 198, 18153, 9784, 290, 3466, 287, 2520, 4505, 198, 12442, 37993, 10749, 3466, 198, 14585, 33228, 287, 4505, 198, 14315, 595, 40037, 902, 287, 4505 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20oldest%20buildings%20in%20Canada	List of oldest buildings in Canada	This is a list of the oldest surviving buildings and structures of significance in each province and territory of Canada. Alberta First Nations peoples in Alberta were generally nomadic and did not create permanent structures, however they did often occupy the same site annually for many generations, and created permanent markers in the form of tipi rings and medicine wheels. The first Europeans to build in Alberta were the fur traders of the North West Company who constructed the first trading posts in Alberta at Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion in 1788. Few buildings from the fur trade era remain. There is said to be 25 buildings built prior to 1882 still surviving in Alberta. Most buildings considered "historic" in Alberta are from the post-railway era (e.g. after 1885 in Calgary, after 1891 in Edmonton). The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Alberta constructed prior to 1900. British Columbia The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in British Columbia constructed prior to 1900. Manitoba The following is a list of buildings and structures in Manitoba constructed prior to 1900. New Brunswick Before 1784, New Brunswick was part of the colony of Nova Scotia and the majority of the population was aboriginal. The native populations of the land that is now New Brunswick were a nomadic people and thus there are few remains of their settlements. However, in 1784 New Brunswick became its own colony due to an increasingly non-aboriginal population. The area was mostly forest until United Empire Loyalists started to arrive, and European-style buildings were not constructed for the most part until after their arrival. Many Acadian homes and settlements were destroyed by the British during the expulsion of the Acadians known as the Great Expulsion from 1755 to 1763. Acadians were a people of French descent who lived in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia for over a century before the British took over the lands that were New France. After the expulsion there was a short wave of settlement by a peoples known as the New England Planters. They were a small group without a lot of remaining architecture. The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in New Brunswick constructed prior to 1890. Newfoundland and Labrador The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Newfoundland and Labrador constructed prior to 1860. Northwest Territories Nova Scotia The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Nova Scotia constructed prior to 1830. Nunavut The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Nunavut constructed prior to 1960. Ontario The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Ontario constructed prior to 1830, excluding the cities of Markham, Toronto, and the Region of Waterloo. Prince Edward Island The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Prince Edward Island constructed prior to 1860. Quebec The first Europeans to arrive in Quebec were settlers from France. They founded Quebec City in 1608 and erected there the first foundations such as the Habitation made of wood and set up by Samuel de Champlain. Despite the founding of other significant settlements in New France in the 17th century, notably Trois-Rivières in 1634 and Montreal in 1642, there are only a few 17th-century buildings that still survive outside the Capitale-Nationale region. Therefore, the oldest buildings still standing in Quebec are found heavily in and around Quebec City. All such buildings date from the French regime and are protected as historical monuments under the law enforced by the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Quebec. The following is a list of old buildings and structures in Quebec constructed prior to 1750. Saskatchewan The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Saskatchewan constructed prior to 1900. Yukon The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Yukon constructed prior to 1900. See also Architecture of Canada List of heritage buildings in Vancouver List of oldest buildings and structures in Halifax, Nova Scotia List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto Gothic Revival architecture in Canada References "Architecture in Canada" The Canadian Encyclopedia Kalman, Harold D. A History of Canadian Architecture. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994. Canada by Design: Parliament Hill, Ottawa at Library and Archives Canada Baker, Marilyn, Manitoba's Third Legislative Building: Symbol in Stone:The Art and Politics of a Public Building, Hyperion Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba 1986 Cameron, Stanley, Stones of History: Canada's Houses of Parliament, Film Board of Canada Denby & Kilbourn, Toronto Observed: Its Architecture, Patrons, and History,Oxford University Press, Toronto 1986 Edwards, Gregory, Hidden Cities: Art & Design in Architectural Details of Vancouver & Victoria, Talonbooks, Vancouver, BC 1991. Emporis.com Kalman, Phillips and Ward, Exploring Vancouver: The Essential Architectural Guide, UBC Press, Vancouver 1993 Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture in America, unpublished manuscript Maitland, Hucker & Ricketts, A Guide to Canadian Architectural Styles, broadview press, Peterborough, ON 1992 McHugh, Patricia, Toronto Architecture: A City Guide, McClelland & Stewart Inc., Toronto 1989 McMullen, Barbara, Ottawa's Terra Cotta Architecture: Two Walking Tours, Heritage Ottawa, Ottawa, 2003 skyscraperpage.com Taggart, Jim, The Architecture of Downtown Victoria, Blue Steps – Pacific Walking Tour Guides, Vancouver, BC 2000 The Notman Photographic Archives. External links Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, – biographies of Canadian architects and lists of their buildings from 1800 to 1950.	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17169768	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finally%20Awake	Finally Awake	Finally Awake is the fifth studio album released by Christian rock band Seventh Day Slumber. It was released on March 20, 2007 under Tooth & Nail Records. Finally Awake reached its peak on the Top Christian Albums chart at No. 16 in 2007. Meaning When Joseph Rojas was asked about the meaning behind Finally Awake, he responded: "The message of this album is clear. We want to empower kids to stop looking to the media, to what the world tells them they have to be, to find identity. You don’t have to be what everyone else tells you to. Be what you were created to be." Track listing "Awake" - 3:42 "Last Regret" - 3:08 "Missing Pages" - 3:53 "My Only Hope" - 3:45 "Always" - 4:40 "Breaking Away" - 3:35 "Burning Bridges" - 3:54 "Undone" - 3:26 "On My Way Home" - 3:43 "Broken Buildings" - 4:21 "Every Saturday" - 4:20 References 2007 albums Tooth & Nail Records albums Seventh Day Slumber albums	[ 11158, 5851, 539, 318, 262, 8150, 8034, 5062, 2716, 416, 4302, 3881, 4097, 31848, 3596, 3454, 4494, 13, 632, 373, 2716, 319, 2805, 1160, 11, 4343, 739, 46380, 1222, 399, 603, 13407, 13, 9461, 5851, 539, 4251, 663, 9103, 319, 262, 5849, 4302, 23999, 82, 8262, 379, 1400, 13, 1467, 287, 4343, 13, 198, 198, 5308, 7574, 220, 198, 2215, 7212, 5564, 28121, 373, 1965, 546, 262, 3616, 2157, 9461, 5851, 539, 11, 339, 7082, 25, 366, 464, 3275, 286, 428, 5062, 318, 1598, 13, 775, 765, 284, 17549, 3988, 284, 2245, 2045, 284, 262, 2056, 11, 284, 644, 262, 995, 4952, 606, 484, 423, 284, 307, 11, 284, 1064, 5369, 13, 921, 836, 447, 247, 83, 423, 284, 307, 644, 2506, 2073, 4952, 345, 284, 13, 1355, 644, 345, 547, 2727, 284, 307, 526, 198, 198, 24802, 13487, 220, 198, 366, 23155, 539, 1, 532, 513, 25, 3682, 198, 366, 5956, 3310, 1186, 1, 532, 513, 25, 2919, 198, 366, 43730, 28221, 1, 532, 513, 25, 4310, 198, 366, 3666, 5514, 13408, 1, 532, 513, 25, 2231, 198, 366, 30374, 1, 532, 604, 25, 1821, 198, 366, 29449, 21986, 1, 532, 513, 25, 2327, 198, 366, 29053, 278, 41839, 1, 532, 513, 25, 4051, 198, 366, 31319, 505, 1, 532, 513, 25, 2075, 198, 366, 2202, 2011, 6378, 5995, 1, 532, 513, 25, 3559, 198, 366, 15783, 3464, 49308, 1, 532, 604, 25, 2481, 198, 366, 6109, 3909, 1, 532, 604, 25, 1238, 198, 198, 19927, 220, 198, 198, 12726, 16788, 198, 2514, 849, 1222, 399, 603, 13407, 16788, 198, 4653, 20987, 3596, 3454, 4494, 16788 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169780	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCCP	NCCP	NCCP is an abbreviation, and can refer to the following: National Center for Children in Poverty National Council of Churches in the Philippines The National Consumer Credit Protection Act (Australian legislation) North Coast Computer Project Nantou County Culture Park, a building in Nantou County, Taiwan Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare North Carolina Certified Paralegal National Council of Churches in Pakistan NCCP Structural formula for cyanophosphaethyne	[ 45, 4093, 47, 318, 281, 28873, 47625, 11, 290, 460, 3522, 284, 262, 1708, 25, 198, 16186, 3337, 329, 8990, 287, 30627, 198, 16186, 4281, 286, 46446, 287, 262, 13316, 198, 464, 2351, 18110, 10504, 9985, 2191, 357, 38036, 5520, 8, 198, 14157, 8545, 13851, 4935, 198, 45, 415, 280, 3418, 17346, 3250, 11, 257, 2615, 287, 399, 415, 280, 3418, 11, 14119, 198, 45, 84, 10071, 3082, 4660, 544, 2566, 327, 14723, 8099, 349, 533, 198, 14157, 5913, 36054, 2547, 1000, 13528, 220, 220, 198, 16186, 4281, 286, 46446, 287, 7648, 198, 399, 4093, 47, 32112, 1523, 10451, 329, 36818, 2522, 418, 7566, 33077, 710 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169797	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1289%20Kuta%C3%AFssi	1289 Kutaïssi	1289 Kutaïssi (prov. designation: ) is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. Discovered by Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory in 1933, it was later named after the Georgian city of Kutaisi. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.6 hours and measures approximately in diameter. Discovery Kutaïssi was discovered on 19 August 1933, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. It was independently discovered a few days later by Eugène Delporte at the Belgian Uccle Observatory on 25 August, as well as by Cyril Jackson at the South African Johannesburg Observatory on 11 September 1933. It was first observed as at Heidelberg in 1893. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as at Simeiz in 1928, or 5 years prior to its official discovery observation. Orbit and classification Kutaïssi is a stony member of the Koronis family, a group consisting of about 200 known bodies, thought to have been formed at least two billion years ago in a catastrophic collision between two larger bodies. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,766 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. Naming This minor planet was named after the city of Kutaisi, now the legislative capital of Georgia, and its second largest city, after the capital Tbilisi. The official naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (). Physical characteristics Kutaïssi is a common stony S-type asteroid in the Tholen classification. Rotation period The first rotational light curve of Kutaïssi was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel in February 1984. It gave a rotation period of 3.60 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 magnitude (). In 1987 and 2004, a group of American astronomers obtained concurring light curves with a period of and hours and an amplitude of 0.30 and 0.42 magnitude, respectively (). Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Kutaïssi measures between 19.20 and 25.62 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.1374 and 0.245. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1216 and a diameter of 25.53 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.87. References External links Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 001289 Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin Named minor planets 001289 19330819	[ 1065, 4531, 509, 29822, 26884, 824, 72, 357, 15234, 13, 22566, 25, 1267, 318, 257, 336, 1647, 14769, 27625, 27460, 422, 262, 12076, 3814, 286, 262, 27460, 10999, 13, 8444, 2557, 416, 1902, 328, 652, 3169, 23577, 1084, 379, 311, 524, 528, 25758, 287, 26539, 11, 340, 373, 1568, 3706, 706, 262, 45262, 1748, 286, 40323, 15152, 72, 13, 383, 311, 12, 4906, 27460, 468, 257, 13179, 2278, 286, 513, 13, 21, 2250, 290, 5260, 6702, 220, 287, 14753, 13, 198, 198, 35, 40821, 220, 198, 198, 42, 29822, 26884, 824, 72, 373, 5071, 319, 678, 2932, 26539, 11, 416, 7570, 47603, 1902, 328, 652, 3169, 23577, 1084, 379, 311, 524, 528, 25758, 319, 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17169799	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Local%20Government%20and%20Regional%20Development	Minister of Local Government and Regional Development	The Minister of Local Government and Modernisation () is a Councillor of State and Chief of the Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Currently, Erling Sande of the Centre Party has held the post since 2023. The ministry is responsible for local administration, including municipalities and county municipalities, rural and regional policy, information technology, elections and government administration, including management of state real estate and government employment. Major subordinate agencies include the Government Administration Services, Statsbygg, the Competition Authority, the National Office of Building Technology and Administration, the State Housing Bank and the Data Protection Authority. The position was created in 1948 as a successor of the Minister of Labour, originally named the Minister of Local Government and Labour. The title changed to the Minister of Local Government. Labour issues were moved to the Minister of Government Administration and Labour in 1998 and the title was changed to the Minister of Local Government and Regional Development until 2013. During the government of Erna Solberg, the post was renamed into Minister of Local Government and Modernisation when the position took over part of the portfolio of the Minister of Public Administration from 2014 until 2021. In January 2022, the current name was reverted into the 1998 one. Key The following lists the minister, their party, date of assuming and leaving office, their tenure in years and days, and the cabinet they served in. Ministers Minister of Digitalisation The Minister of Digitalisation is responsible for the government's digitalisation policies, and to coordinate their UN sustainability goals. The post was also responsible for the work and issues related to electronic communication. In 2020, the title was changed to Minister of Districts and Digitalisation, and in addition to digitalization policies, the minister was also responsible for overlooking the regional and district policies, privacy and policies related to the Sami people and other minorities in the country. The position was re-established in 2023, with Karianne Tung's appointment. It was also renamed Minister of Digitalisation and Administration. 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17169800	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation%20Party%20%28Turkey%2C%201948%29	Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)	The Nation Party () was a conservative and nationalistic political party developed as a third option within the then bipartisan system in Turkey. It lasted from 1948 until 1953, when it was outlawed. The Nation Party was founded on July 19, 1948 by former prime minister and chief of staff Fevzi Çakmak, Osman Bölükbaşı, Enis Akaygen, Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Mustafa Kentli, Osman Nuri Köni, Kenan Öner and Sadık Aldoğan. The founders were from a conservative clique within the Democrat Party (Demokrat Parti). One of the reasons for their establishment of the party was the claim that the Democrat Party was ineffective as opposition to the Republican People's Party (CHP), the Turkish population was trapped between two political alternatives and a third alternative with a nationalistic ideology was necessary. Fevzi Çakmak was appointed as the honorary leader of the party and dubbed as the "Believer General". The Nation Party did not participate in the 1946 elections. Before the 1950 elections, on 8 April, Fevzi Çakmak made an announcement claiming that Republican People's Party's oppression was getting fiercer. Two days later, on April 10, he died from complications following a prostatectomy. At the elections on May 14, 1950, at which the Democrat Party had won 55% of the votes, it received 3.11% of the votes (250.414 votes) to win one seat, and one of the founders, Osman Bölükbaşı became an MP. In 1954, before the elections on May 2, the Nation Party was shut down and declared outlawed on grounds of "anti-Laïcité" politics. Ideology The party, strongly opposed the CHP's understanding of religion and laicism, while also asserting that the DP was a controlled opposition party and that they are the real opposition. The party's program included such views as the establishment of a democratic administration, the removal of the Six Arrows from the constitution, the expansion of people's freedoms, the preparation of a general development program, and the monitoring of a liberal economic policy. The party also advocated the transition to a bicameral system. Successor parties Republican Nation Party The founders of the party, led by Osman Bölükbaşı, subsequently formed the Republican Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Millet Partisi) and won 5 seats in the parliament. All five MPs were from Kırşehir, the hometown of Bölükbaşı. Republican Peasants Nation Party On October 17, 1958, the Peasants' Party of Turkey merged with the Republican Nation Party to form the Republican Peasants' Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi - CKMP). On June 12, 1960, following the May 27 coup d’état, the junta, dubbed the "National Unity Committee", dissolved the parliament and on June 13, closed the district organizations of all political parties. In 1961, when the civil parliamentary system was once again in effect, on October 15, general elections were held, at which the Republican Peasants’ Nation Party received 14% of the votes to emerge as the third party and win 54 seats in the parliament and 16 senators. When the Justice Party emerged victorious at the 1963 elections, Osman Bölükbaşı, together with 28 MPs, resigned from CKMP to establish once more the Nation Party and be elected its president. Colonel Alparslan Türkeş joined the party in 1965 and turned the party into a more Pan-Turkic and Islamist party. In a 1969 party convention, the CKMP renamed itself to MHP. Nation Party (1962) In 1962 the name was reused when Osman Bölükbaşı and a group of deputies and senators left the CKMP after a conflict and founded a new party. After some initial electoral success the party did not win any seats in the 1973 general elections, eventually dissolving itself in 1977. Nation Party (1992) In 1992, the name was reused again when the Reformist Democracy Party (Islahatçı Demokrasi Partisi), led by Aykut Edibali, renamed itself as Millet Partisi. 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17169835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonturama	Toonturama	Toonturama is an American children's programming block that airs on the Spanish-language television network UniMás (formerly known as Telefutura Network) which debuted on January 15, 2002 ("Mi Tele") and January 19, 2002 ("Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior"). The four-hour block—which airs Saturday and Sunday mornings from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Pacific Time—features live action and animated series aimed at children between the ages of 2 and 14. It was the network's attempt to have a Saturday morning block. Programs featured on the block consist of a mixture of series originally produced in Spanish and dubbed versions of series that were originally produced and broadcast in English. All shows featured on Toonturama are designed to meet federally mandated educational programming guidelines defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) via the Children's Television Act. History Mi Tele On December 15, 2001, UniMás (then known as Telefutura) plans to announced that it would debuted three children's programming blocks with the new weekday and Saturday and Sunday morning cartoon blocks was premiered on January 15 ("Mi Tele"), and January 19, 2002 ("Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior"), one day after the network was launched on January 14. Featuring live-action and animated series aimed at children between the ages of 2 and 14. It was plans to launch a new block, as part of the programming consisting four to eight shows for 30-minute episodes and aimed at marking the first time that exclusively animated cartoons for different youth audiences. The first children's block, "Mi Tele" ("My TV"), a two-hour animation block on weekday mornings featuring a mix of imported Spanish-language cartoons such as Fantaghiro and El Nuevo Mundo de los Gnomos ("The New World of the Gnomes"), as well as the originally produced in English as the Zodiac Entertainment cartoon series, Mr. Bogus and the Nelvana cartoon series, Anatole debuted on January 15, 2002. Later on March 15, 2002, the Mi Tele originally cartoon block were ended. The following week on Monday, the featuring with the youth-targeted children's telenovelas (Carrusel, Luz Clarita, Gotita de Amor and Rayito de Luz) airs on the block beginning on March 18, 2002, as part of the update scheduled programming. Though the block was intended to air on weekday morning on the holidays some of the years. However, some of the youth-targeted novelas aired on Mi Tele block weekday morning or Toonturama weekend morning cartoon block will delayed in order next week and full schedule on Sunday due to the network will picking line-up with all of the holidays and family movies marathon with the attempt of animated movies by Warner Bros. Telefutura Network has distribution and acquired the rights to air on the Warner Bros. animated series within movies by Warner Bros. Animation, DC Comics and Hanna-Barbera such as Scooby-Doo ("Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island" and "Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost"), Looney Tunes ("The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie"), Tom and Jerry ("Tom and Jerry: The Movie"), The Jetsons ("Jetsons: The Movie") and Batman: The Animated Series ("Batman: Mask of the Phantasm"). On December 24, 2002, Telefutura Network acquired the rights to the popular Warner Bros. Animation television cartoon series, Animaniacs, and it was partly for this reason why some of Telefutura's most popular programs (most notably Animaniacs) were mainly not included as part of the "Mi Tele" or "Toonturama" block, especially during the more open-formatted cartoon block era. However, the network was added in the feature-length direct-to-video movie as the Spanish-dubbed language including Animaniacs: Wakko's Wish was aired on the holiday movie briefly in December 24, 2002, to September 5, 2005. On August 7, 2007, Mi Tele ended its run, its last program being Mujeres Engañadas were discontinued. Telefutura kept some of the programming on the second children's cartoon block Toonturama until September 30, 2012. Toonturama On January 19, 2002, Telefutura Network (now UniMás) is a two separate known as occupied by the children's programming blocks named, "Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior" were launched. – It was first four hours of the secondary weekend schedule which features some programs compliant with Federal Communications Commission and educational programming requirements – on the airs for four-hours each Saturday and Sunday mornings at 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time, the other remaining weekend time periods are filled with Informercials. The introduced a new logo with font text (Rat Fink Heavy) with different colors (red and black with the extruded font, and white text for "Toonturama") alongside bumpers and promos with the CGI computer-animated and controlled by TelevisaUnivision USA (formerly Univision Communications; same as the block was launched as "Planeta U" on September 15, 2001, which is designer along with the 3D computer-animated with bumpers and promos on Univision), where was tasked with overhauling Univision, Telefutura and Galavisión's Saturday and Sunday morning lineup in order to compete against the arch-rival network, Telemundo weekend children's block, "Telemundo Kids". The block included a four-hour lineup that consisted mainly of dubbed versions of American, Canadian, and European animated series came the network opted to fully program the block with shows acquired from various programming production companies and distributors. After the network premiered on January 14, 2002, in the next day, Telefutura entered into a programming three-year agreement with the Canada-based animated studio Nelvana (owned by Corus Entertainment) to program the "Mi Tele" and "Toonturama" block for the first US network deal with the Spanish-dubbed aired on the block has originally produced in English including Anatole, Ned's Newt, Stickin' Around, Cadillacs and Dinosaurs, Mythic Warriors, Tales from the Cryptkeeper and The Dumb Bunnies, as well as the Japanese anime series (such as Lost Universe, Tenchi Universe, and Red Baron) as part of its inaugural lineup. Cadillacs and Dinosaurs and Tales from the Cryptkeeper, was the only exception that two cartoons series are previously aired with the original English predecessor premiered on September 18, 1993, from the both networks, CBS and ABC's children block on Saturday morning cartoons. On February 8, 2002, Telefutura began discussions and partnership with the Madrid-based animation studio BRB Internacional to have the company program a daily two-hour children's block for the network, segment line-up scheduled from the series featured in the block produced in Spain (such as "Super Models" and "Yolanda: Daughter of the Black Corsair"). Later in 11 days, Telefutura will be including the changing time zone on the program scheduled from 6:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time Zone in update, including the three former Mi Tele cartoon shows were moved to Toonturama including The New World of the Gnomes, Mr. Bogus and Anatole (after week on the first block, Mi Tele with cartoon were ended in March 15) will be offer date premiered on March 23, 2002, until December 29, 2002. On February 25, 2002, Telefutura acquired the rights to Zodiac Entertainment (via Carlton; which is previously cartoons are executive production in the UK), was the new block featured several first-run dubbed versions of original series from production by Zodiac and Calico (owned by World Events Productions, was the first-time previously aired on the originally Univision's block such as Voltron: Defender of the Universe and Denver, the Last Dinosaur), during the addition of the cartoon series and featured archived content from the programming library such as Mr. Bogus and Widget the World Watcher. On October 6, 2002, Telefutura was completely removed from the Madrid-based BRB Internacional's two cartoon series such as "The New World of the Gnomes" and "Super Models", ahead of the expiry of Telefutura's program supply deal with BRB Internacional for the passed ten-months, due to sale was brokered by Miami's Venevision International (now Cisneros Media). Venevision International's inked a two-year deal to rep BRB's catalog in North America and Latin America outside Mexico. The network was changed the schedule and replaced by two Nelvana cartoon series (including "Cadillacs and Dinosaurs" and "Tales from the Cryptkeeper") briefly which is premiered as rerun in the following week. However, Telefutura was caring over of the BRB Internacional-produced shows to the block offer next year. In January 2003, Telefutura acquired the rights and plans to contract with North Hollywood-based Film Roman, and added its first time in nearly two-years of the former Univision children's cartoon program as part of the block, "¡De Cabeza!" three cartoon shows (the network previously aired the three Film Roman-produced series from 2000 to 2001, before it was moved to sister network Telefutura, now UniMás). Featuring based on Felix the Cat characters from the popular television animated series, The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat. The second line-up cartoon starring Bruce Willis, a character voice from the series, Bruno the Kid, as well as based on the popular video game franchise series by Midway Games as Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm. In August 2003, Telefutura under the contract with HIT Entertainment in UK, Junior and EM.TV & Merchandising AG in Germany, premiered as a one-hour block for many of which came from the block as the preschool television series, Bob the Builder, Fairy Tale Police Department and Mummy Nanny. Later in next month, the block introduced animated cartoon program with entered into an agreement with Toadbag Productions, including the new popular children's animated series, Toad Patrol (also known in Spanish as "Patrulla de Sapitos"), was an exception to the dubbing as it needed to use an English dub to fix translation issues. The series was originally aired and it was almost exclusively carried for the animated series as ran from September 6, 2003, to March 11, 2012. As of January 8, 2005, Telefutura removed from the Canada-based Nelvana shows (including "Ned's Newt", "The Dumb Bunnies" and Tales from the Cryptkeeper"), due to the network was changed the schedule listing update to being dropped from the lineup block. However, the rival network, Telemundo's children's block, "Telemundo Kids" added Jacob Two-Two has previously aired with its Spanish dub premiered on January 9, 2005, before Telemundo was under contract with Nelvana. "Jacob Two-Two" was the only carried over to the block's direct successor and transition to Telemundo's Qubo block ("Qubo en Telemundo"; along with NBC and Ion Television) debut on September 9, 2006, included a three-hour Saturday and Sunday morning block on the network in 90-minute blocks. In September 2005, Telefutura added the four cartoon shows for each Saturday morning schedule was pulling and it was entered into an agreement with the Australian-based children's media production, Australian Children's Television Foundation line-up such as Li'l Elvis and the Truckstoppers and the one CINAR (now WildBrain) series, Flight Squad. In Sunday morning, including the popular Universal Cartoon Studios cartoon series, Problem Child, was based on the 1990 film by Universal Pictures and "Zipi y Zape". In 2007, Telefutura reached a deal with National Geographic, as of remain added with the brand nature television series, Really Wild Animals. It was the network changed the name, and renamed as "Toonturama Presenta: La Vida Animal" (in English, "Toonturama Present: Animal Life"), were the last "Toonturama" cartoon series to be added to the block on November 4, 2007. The block aired for the final time and ended its run on September 30, 2012, without any announcement of its closure, and it was quietly replaced by the children's live-action documentary and nature series, while the network was carried of the preschool children's Spanish-language adaptation, Plaza Sésamo until 2016, when it was following week on October 7, 2012. As a result, Telefutura discontinued airing animated programming, making it the network not to air cartoon series within its children's program lineup. On September 9, 2018, in an agreement with Animaccord Animation Studio in Russia, the network launched the popular Russian cartoon Masha and the Bear, airing it every Sunday morning. Toonturama Junior The two-hour companion block that preceded it on Saturday and Sunday mornings within "Toonturama" sub-block, "Toonturama Junior", was launched on January 19, 2002. The sub-block was featuring programs aimed at preschoolers that fulfilled educational programming requirements defined by the Federal Communications Commission's Children's Television Act (the block aired with including originally distributors by Venevisión in Venezuela such as El Club de Los Tigritos, as well as Rugemania, and Televisa in Mexico including El Espacio de Tatiana and El Cubo de Donalú). The sub-block was the preschool-age children like its competitors with Univision's sister-network, Galavisión's live-action preschool block, "Galamiguitos". Among the programs featured preschool children series on "Toonturama Junior" was Plaza Sésamo ("City Square Sesame"), Televisa and Sesame Workshop's Spanish-language adaptation of Sesame Street featuring a mix of original segments featuring characters based on its U.S.-based parent series and dubbed interstitials from the aforementioned originating program, which had aired on Univision since 1995 (ahead to the original "Planeta U" block since 2001 to 2003) after a seven-year run and passed on the U.S. television rights to Telefutura at its launch. Programming Scheduling variances and pre-emptions All of the programs aired within the block featured content compliant with educational programming requirements as mandated by the Children's Television Act. Though the block was intended to air on weekday mornings and Saturday and Sunday mornings, some UniMás affiliates deferred certain programs aired within the block to Saturday and Sunday afternoons, including tape delayed the entire block in order to accommodate local weekend morning newscasts, "Miami Ahora" (which is simulcast of the Univision's owned-and-operated, WLTV-23 in Fort Lauderdale/Miami) or other programs of local interest (for example, then-affiliate KTFQ in Albuquerque, New Mexico, – now owned-and-operated by Entravision – aired the Toonturama block from timeslot at 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.) Monday to Friday afternoons due to select national sports broadcasts (especially in the case of 2002 FIFA World Cup and/or 2006 FIFA World Cup soccer tournaments) or the network airing with the consisted of feature films including all of the Hollywood movies earlier attempt daytime or all of the animated holiday movies produced by Warner Bros. (via Warner Bros. Animation, DC Comics and Hanna-Barbera) and MGM scheduled in earlier timeslots to comply with the E/I regulations. Alleviating stations carrying UniMás network programming via that feed from the responsibility of purchasing the local rights to such as paid programs. † - Indicates that the program ran on Univision prior to the block/program moved to "Toonturama" block within Saturday and Sunday mornings. ‡ - Indicates that the original Univision's "¡De Cabeza!" block program moved to Telefutura for its series premieres. Current programming Former programming Acquired programming Animated movies programming Notes See also Planeta U - The weekend morning children's block on Univision. Galamiguitos - The preschool block on Galavisión. Univision y Los Niños - The Monday to Friday and Saturday morning block on Univision from 1989 to 1990. La Piñata Loca - The host of George Ortuzar from Saturday and Sunday morning block on Univision from 1996 to 2000. References External links UniMás original programming Television programming blocks in the United States 2002 American television series debuts	[ 2514, 756, 333, 1689, 318, 281, 1605, 1751, 338, 8300, 2512, 326, 37112, 319, 262, 7897, 12, 16129, 5581, 3127, 43376, 44, 40138, 357, 36234, 1900, 355, 14318, 69, 315, 5330, 7311, 8, 543, 26376, 319, 3269, 1315, 11, 6244, 5855, 41541, 14318, 4943, 290, 3269, 678, 11, 6244, 5855, 2514, 756, 333, 1689, 1, 290, 366, 2514, 756, 333, 1689, 20000, 11074, 383, 1440, 12, 9769, 2512, 960, 4758, 37112, 3909, 290, 3502, 31143, 422, 767, 25, 405, 1849, 64, 13, 76, 13, 284, 1367, 25, 405, 1849, 64, 13, 76, 13, 8345, 3862, 290, 8211, 3862, 960, 40890, 2107, 2223, 290, 15108, 2168, 8998, 379, 1751, 1022, 262, 9337, 286, 362, 290, 1478, 13, 632, 373, 262, 3127, 338, 2230, 284, 423, 257, 3909, 3329, 2512, 13, 198, 198, 15167, 82, 8096, 319, 262, 2512, 3473, 286, 257, 11710, 286, 2168, 6198, 4635, 287, 7897, 290, 17494, 6300, 286, 2168, 326, 547, 6198, 4635, 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17169848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Elliot	Rose Elliot	Rose Elliot (born 1945) is a British vegetarian cookery writer. She has written over 50 books on vegetarian cookery, which have sold three million copies around the world. Her first book, Simply Delicious, was published in 1967. Her latest cookery book, The Best Of Rose Elliot: The Ultimate Vegetarian Collection was published by Mitchell Beazley in 2014. Biography At the age of three, she made the connection between fish to eat and the living creatures themselves and decided to become a vegetarian. Her grandmother, Grace Cooke, was the founder of the spiritualist group White Eagle Lodge. As a member of the family, and vegetarian from the age of three, Rose began cooking vegetarian food at the White Eagle Lodge Retreat Centre "New Lands". She enthusiastically rose to the challenge and created new recipes. Her food was so popular that her recipes were much in demand. This led to her producing a small booklet for the White Eagle Lodge charity. A few publicity copies went out, including to The Times. Rave reviews led to orders from bookshops, launching her career as a cookery writer. Her books are characterized by a chatty style and anecdotes about her experiments in cookery with her family. Inspired by her late mother, Joan Hodgson, Rose became interested in astrology at 13, dedicating her book Life Cycles to her. For 5 years she also wrote "a weekly astrological column for British magazines including Woman’s Realm, Here’s Health and She. With her husband, Robert, she developed a computer based service "Rose Elliot Horoscopes". Rose Elliot was awarded the diploma of the Faculty of Astrological Studies (DFAstrolS) and joined the Astrological Association when she was 19, and in 2005 she became a Fellow of The Association of Professional Astrologers International (APAI). Her Life Cycles was completely revised and published by Polair Publishing in November 2008. Rose is patron of the Vegetarian Society, VIVA and The Vegetarian and Vegan Foundation. She lives in Hampshire and in London, and is a member of MENSA. Awards and honours In 1999, she was awarded the MBE for services to vegetarian cookery. Select bibliography Simply Delicious The White Eagle Publishing Trust 1967 Not Just a Load of Old Lentils The White Eagle Publishing Trust 1972, Thrifty Fifty, 50 Low Cost Recipes, Hampshire: White Eagle Publishing Trust, 1973 The Oxfam Vegetable Cookbook, Oxfam 1975 The Bean Book, Fontana 1979 The Festive Vegetarian: Recipes and Menus for Every Occasion, New York, U.S.A.: Pantheon Books, 1983 Rose Elliot's Book of Fruits, Fontana Paperbacks, 1983 Book of Savoury Flans and Pies, Fontana. 1984. Beanfeast; a beginner's guide to wholefood cooking, Fontana 1985 The New Vegetarian Cookbook, London: Octopus Books, 1986 Vegetarian Mother and Baby Book, Pantheon Books, 1986 Cooking with Beans and Pulses : With foreword and star recipes by Rose Elliot, Holland & Barrett / Thorsons Publishers. 1986. Vegetarian Dishes of the World, HarperCollins Publishers, 1988 The Zodiac Cookbook, Pyramid, 1989 Vegetarian Four Seasons, New York, NY, U.S.A.: Random House, 1994 Life Cycles, The Influence of Planetary Cycles on Our Lives, Macmillan, 1993, and Pan, 1995. Rose Elliot's Oxfam Vegetarian Cooking For Children, Vermilion, 1995 Rose Elliot's Vegetarian Fast Food : HarperCollinsPublishers, 1996. Gourmet Vegetarian Cooking, Thorsons, Wellingborough 1996 Quick and Easy Vegetarian Meals for Students, Martin Books, 1997 Vegetarian Meals for Students, HarperCollins, 1997 Mother, Baby & Toddler Book, London: Harper Collins, 1997 Vegetarian Express, Phoenix, 2001 New Vegetarian Cooking: 120 Fast, Fresh, and Fabulous Recipes, Simon & Schuster, 2004 Book Of Pasta The Complete Vegetarian Cookbook Rose Elliot's Vegetarian Cookery Rose Elliot's Vegetarian Christmas Rose Elliot's New Complete Vegetarian Collins, 2010 Best Of Rose Elliot, Mitchell Beazley, 2014 References Sources Rose Elliot, The Vegetarian Queen The goodwebGuide.co.uk. n interview with Rose Elliott. Accessed April 2008. About Rose Elliot At Rose Elliot's website. Accessed April 2008. 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17169853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory%20%28museums%29	Inventory (museums)	An inventory is an itemized list of objects that a museum has accessioned or received via loan(s) and must be physically located by an examiner. A complete, one-hundred percent inventory, or a random inventory of the collection should be carried out periodically to ensure the museum is operating under best practices and for security purposes. The museum is legally responsible and ethically obligated for the maintenance of up-to-date information detailing the location of all objects within the collection, including loaned items and objects that have yet to be accessioned; this is stipulated by many museum associations, including the American Association of Museums. History of Practices (U.S.) The American Association of Museums published its "Code of Ethics for Museum Workers" in 1925 which presaged the creation of training courses for the appropriate management of museum collections. The first rules for the registration of museum objects was published in 1958, the work of Dorothy H. Dudley, of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and Irma Bezold, of the Metropolitan Museum. Necessity The upkeep of the collections’ inventory record is needed for minimum collections accountability. Inventories provide the collections manager and or the registrar with information for insurance purposes, security, and alerts staff to possible conservation or preservation needs of the collection. Security The completion and upkeep of and an inventory system helps to deter and aid in the early detection of theft of the collection. The International Council of Museums (ICOM) urges museums to complete and maintain their inventory systems because "If a museum does not know what is in its collection, where the works are located, and the condition they are in, it, in effect, invites theft because it will have no immediate sense that an object has disappeared, and most important, it will have no descriptive information to aid the recovery of an object in the event of a theft."The type of inventory system used by a museum will be dictated by the Collections Management Policy (CMP). The CMP will determine how often items, what items, and how many items are to be inventory. Museums need to periodically complete a one-hundred percent inventory of their collection, but for the period in between the completion of such an inventory, a random sampling of the collection is sufficient. A random sampling of the collection serves as an indicator for the rest of the collection. If all the items are accounted for in a random sampling, then it can be assumed that rest of the collections’ records is just as reliable. However, a complete inventory provides the institution with the knowledge that the entire collection can be accounted for; the random sampling is used to check the consistency of the collections’ records. An ongoing inventory method is a system that inventories on a regular basis high value items or items that are more susceptible to theft. This method resembles an iceberg, with the high value items being at the top of the iceberg. As the inventory method progresses further down the iceberg, items of lesser value can be found. Items found toward the center of the iceberg, need to be inventoried less than those found higher up on the berg, and more than items found below its position. Items at the lowest position of the iceberg, below the water's surface, may only need to be inventoried annually. With this type of inventory system, the most important or most valued objects are accounted for on a regular basis. Review Inventories serve several purposes, including the opportunity for review of the collections department. Such review includes: are all objects accounted for and found to be stored properly? is there any preservation or conservation issues that need to be brought to the attention of the registrar, collections manager, or curator? is the collections’ location records reliable? An inventory provides a systematic review of the collections department's records and helps to identify any problems. How smoothly an inventory goes is actually a reflection upon the institution. If an inventory is completed with little or no issues, then the collections department is running well; however, if many issues arise during the inventory process, this may be indicative of a collections department in need of review and change. Policy Every museum must complete an inventory on a regular basis and this requirement should be stated in the museum's CMP. The CMP should also outline the steps that need to be carried out in the inventory process, including: an examination of each object and its records the condition of every object should be noted any updates to records shall be made and the inventory list will be filed in the museum's accession file Planning and scheduling Sufficient time spent in planning must be devoted before beginning such a task as an inventory. A well thought out inventory procedure will efficiently utilize staff and their time. Such procedure should include: The scope and purpose of the inventory. Sources of funding for staff and equipment with a commitment from management for adequate time and resources to complete the inventory. Resources required to complete the inventory (e.g. staff hours, computers, making and labelling equipment, imaging equipment, etc.) Establish a timetable for the start and completion of the inventory. Ascertain who will run and or carry out the inventory. Identify the method of approach to completing the inventory, including standards used to record findings. How to catalogue and manage information produced by the inventory and how that information will be reviewed and interpreted. Conducting an inventory Now that inventory policy and procedure have been established, it is time to carry out the inventory. Conducting an inventory is the final step to the inventory process; it is relatively simple in that the actions are repetitive, but it can be one of the most time-consuming parts of the inventory process, depending upon the size of the collection and the intended scope of the inventory. Select a method of approach when beginning the inventory process. How will the collection be inventoried? Shelf by shelf; or in numerical order of the catalogue? Once the inventory method is decided, a uniformed and basic inventory record for each object needs to be created. Such a record might contain the following: Object Number Object Name Brief Description of Object Condition (provides opportunity to conduct a condition check of the object) Current Location Notes (any other details not included in checklist, such as alerting the need for conservation treatment) Recorder and Date Notes References Ashby, Helen, Gordon McKenna, and Matthew Stiff, ed., SPECTRUM Knowledge: Standards for cultural information management. Cambridge: Museum Documentation Association, 2001. Albeit the book focuses on Information Management, it still has useful tips on how to conduct an inventory (referred to as an audit) of a collection. The audit procedure listed contains fifteen detailed steps, with a focus on preparation before actually conducting an audit. Childs, S. Terry and Eileen Corcoran, Managing Archeological Collections: Technical Assistance. Washington, DC.: Archeology and Ethnography Program, National Park Service, 2000. Available from http://www.cr.nps.gov/archeology/collections/, accessed 30 January 2008. This publication, although written specifically for federal repositories, has applications to many museums. The essay makes the point that inventories are legally required, especially since the passage of NAGPRA, which mandated a complete inventory of all Native American human remains and associated funerary objects. Dudley, Dorothy H., Irma Bezold Wilkinson, et al., Museum Registration Methods. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Museums, 1979. The subject of inventories is mentioned throughout the book and in particular has part of one essay covering the topic, “Registration in a Historic House Museum,” by Diane Green Taylor. Museum Registration Methods discusses the basics and the functions of inventories. However, Taylor discusses the topic more in depth, revealing that how smoothly an inventory goes is actually a reflection upon the institution. Finch, Peggy Smith, "The Essential Collections Inventory," in Registrars on Record: Essays on Museum Collection Management, ed. Mary Case. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Museums, 1988. Although inventories can uncover issues they help to solve and prevent future occurrences. This essay is not necessarily a “how to” essay, but rather explains the necessity of completing and keeping up with inventories in institutions. Holm, Stuart A., Facts & Artefacts: How to Document a Museum Collection, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Museum Documentation Association, 1998. Holm provides a basic step by step procedure in how to set up a new inventory system into a collection. International Council of Museums and International Committee on Museum Security, Robert B. Burke and Sam Adeloye, ed., A Manual of Basic Museum Security. Leicester, Great Britain: deVoyle, Leicester, 1986. The authors of this publication give a brief overview of the necessity of instituting an inventory system. Theft prevention is cited as the number one reason to have an inventory system in place. International Council of Museums and the International Security Committee, "Protection, security and conservation of collections," in Collections Management, ed. Anne Fahy. London: Routledge, 1995. The subject of inventory was included in this essay as part of an overview to security issues within collections management. The work gave an overview as to why inventories are needed and required; and gives a very basic synopsis in how to conduct an inventory. McKenna, Gordon and Efthymia Patsatzi, ed., SPECTRUM: The UK Museum Documentation Standard, Cambridge: Museum Documentation Association, 2007. McKenna and Patsatzi give a broad overview of what an inventory is and includes procedure set-up and review of an inventory system. The essay also incorporates a short background on possible legal issues and policy requirements. National Park Service, Museum Handbook, Part II, Museum Records. Washington, DC: National Park Service, 2000. Available from http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/publications/MHII/mh2ch4.pdf, accessed on 2 February 2008. In this publication the National Park Service gives an expansive overview of the inventory process, including such topics as inventory of educational, reproductions, and living history objects; determining the value of museum objects; reporting loss of museum objects; and the list goes on with five other sections. This work is by far the longest and most detailed publication in regards to the inventory process found thus far. Reibel, Daniel B., Registration Methods for the Small Museum, 3rd ed. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press, 1997. Even though this book was originally published in 1991, computer databases must have still been something that only the very big museums could afford, because the inventory techniques make reference to computers yet describes how to complete an inventory using a card cataloguing system. This work may not be that useable to most museums, but to those with out a database, the publication would be helpful. 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17169884	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuyasa%20Kids	Kuyasa Kids	The Kuyasa Kids is a choir in South Africa that tours the states to gather sponsors for orphans of the AIDS epidemic. The band Switchfoot has helped them to create a CD which is sold through their own independent label, lowercase people Records. The choir consists of children from age 8 to as old as about 19. They are from the township of Kayamandi in Stellenbosch, which is about 40 minutes drive from Cape Town. They tour the states with an organization called Horizon International, which sponsors children that are orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Choirs of children	[ 464, 509, 4669, 15462, 17476, 318, 257, 42644, 287, 2520, 5478, 326, 21284, 262, 2585, 284, 6431, 18073, 329, 50213, 286, 262, 20408, 18195, 13, 383, 4097, 14645, 5898, 468, 4193, 606, 284, 2251, 257, 6458, 543, 318, 2702, 832, 511, 898, 4795, 6167, 11, 2793, 7442, 661, 13407, 13, 198, 198, 464, 42644, 10874, 286, 1751, 422, 2479, 807, 284, 355, 1468, 355, 546, 678, 13, 220, 1119, 389, 422, 262, 42823, 286, 17356, 321, 26800, 287, 520, 40635, 39565, 354, 11, 543, 318, 546, 2319, 2431, 3708, 422, 15725, 8329, 13, 198, 198, 2990, 4205, 262, 2585, 351, 281, 4009, 1444, 22776, 4037, 11, 543, 18073, 1751, 326, 389, 26051, 276, 416, 10498, 14, 39338, 13, 198, 198, 1925, 10840, 82, 286, 1751 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169896	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Marais/Cook%20County%20Seaplane%20Base	Grand Marais/Cook County Seaplane Base	Grand Marais/Cook County Seaplane Base is a county-owned, public-use seaplane base located seven miles (11 km) northwest of the central business district of Grand Marais, a city in Cook County, Minnesota, United States. It is located on the shore of Devil's Track Lake and was formerly part of Devil's Track Municipal Airport (FAA: GRM). That airport had a runway which closed after the opening of Grand Marais/Cook County Airport (FAA: CKC), located one mile (1.6 km) to the north. Facilities and aircraft Grand Marais/Cook County Seaplane Base covers an area of at an elevation of 1,635 feet (498 m) above mean sea level. It has two seaplane landing areas: 9/27 is 15,000 x 1,500 feet (4,572 x 457 m) and 3/21 is 3,000 x 2,000 feet (914 x 610 m). For the 12-month period ending August 31, 2003, the airport had 550 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 46 per month. See also Grand Marais/Cook County Airport List of airports in Minnesota References External links Grand Marais Cook County Airport & Seaplane Base at Minnesota DOT Airport Directory Airports in Minnesota Seaplane bases in the United States Buildings and structures in Cook County, Minnesota Transportation in Cook County, Minnesota	[ 23581, 1526, 15152, 14, 28937, 3418, 6896, 14382, 7308, 220, 318, 257, 7968, 12, 11990, 11, 1171, 12, 1904, 5417, 14382, 2779, 5140, 3598, 4608, 357, 1157, 1849, 13276, 8, 24821, 286, 262, 4318, 1597, 4783, 286, 5675, 1526, 15152, 11, 257, 1748, 287, 8261, 3418, 11, 8919, 11, 1578, 1829, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 5140, 319, 262, 15191, 286, 10489, 338, 17762, 6233, 290, 373, 15734, 636, 286, 10489, 338, 17762, 31526, 12690, 357, 37, 3838, 25, 10863, 44, 737, 1320, 9003, 550, 257, 23443, 543, 4838, 706, 262, 4756, 286, 5675, 1526, 15152, 14, 28937, 3418, 12690, 357, 37, 3838, 25, 327, 36222, 828, 5140, 530, 10591, 357, 16, 13, 21, 1849, 13276, 8, 284, 262, 5093, 13, 198, 198, 47522, 2410, 290, 6215, 220, 198, 23581, 1526, 15152, 14, 28937, 3418, 6896, 14382, 7308, 8698, 281, 1989, 286, 220, 379, 281, 22910, 286, 352, 11, 48250, 3625, 357, 36260, 285, 8, 2029, 1612, 5417, 1241, 13, 632, 468, 734, 5417, 14382, 9581, 3006, 25, 860, 14, 1983, 318, 1315, 11, 830, 2124, 352, 11, 4059, 3625, 357, 19, 11, 48724, 2124, 47996, 285, 8, 290, 513, 14, 2481, 318, 513, 11, 830, 2124, 362, 11, 830, 3625, 357, 24, 1415, 2124, 44300, 285, 737, 1114, 262, 1105, 12, 8424, 2278, 7464, 2932, 3261, 11, 5816, 11, 262, 9003, 550, 25240, 2276, 22548, 6215, 4560, 11, 281, 2811, 286, 6337, 583, 1227, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 220, 198, 5675, 1526, 15152, 14, 28937, 3418, 12690, 198, 7343, 286, 22600, 287, 8919, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 23581, 1526, 15152, 8261, 3418, 12690, 1222, 6896, 14382, 7308, 198, 379, 8919, 42743, 12690, 27387, 198, 198, 16170, 3742, 287, 8919, 198, 37567, 14382, 12536, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 15580, 654, 290, 8573, 287, 8261, 3418, 11, 8919, 198, 8291, 10189, 287, 8261, 3418, 11, 8919 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169903	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar%20%28Enanitos%20Verdes%20album%29	Nectar (Enanitos Verdes album)	Nectar, also written as Néctar, released on June 15, 1999, is the eleventh album of rock en español group Enanitos Verdes. It was produced by Coti Sorokin, and was recorded and mixed entirely in Buenos Aires between the months of January and March 1999. It received a nomination for Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards, becoming the group's second and last nomination at the ceremony. The album, which includes ten songs, is a blend of different musical styles such as rock and ballads, as well as regional rhythms. Track listing Cordillera [Mountain range] - 4:39 Hombre Vegetal [Vegetable man] - 5:07 Tequila - 4:05 Luz de Día [Daylight] - 4:29 Futuro Mejor [Better future] - 4:54 Mal de Amores [Lovesickness] - 3:59 Ay! Dolores - 4:04 Rebeca - 4:17 Piel [Skin] - 2:53 La Banda de la Esquina [The corner band] - 5:10 External links 1999 albums Enanitos Verdes albums	[ 45, 44504, 11, 635, 3194, 355, 399, 2634, 310, 283, 11, 2716, 319, 2795, 1315, 11, 7358, 11, 318, 262, 9766, 20987, 5062, 286, 3881, 551, 1658, 8957, 12654, 349, 1448, 2039, 272, 270, 418, 4643, 8906, 13, 632, 373, 4635, 416, 327, 5092, 15423, 36749, 11, 290, 373, 6264, 290, 7668, 5000, 287, 46210, 44692, 1022, 262, 1933, 286, 3269, 290, 2805, 7358, 13, 632, 2722, 257, 11872, 329, 6705, 9133, 4631, 393, 27182, 23999, 379, 262, 5433, 358, 16328, 42235, 15434, 11, 5033, 262, 1448, 338, 1218, 290, 938, 11872, 379, 262, 10542, 13, 198, 198, 464, 5062, 11, 543, 3407, 3478, 7259, 11, 318, 257, 13516, 286, 1180, 10530, 12186, 884, 355, 3881, 290, 2613, 5643, 11, 355, 880, 355, 7915, 39804, 13, 198, 198, 24802, 13487, 220, 628, 21119, 4665, 64, 685, 44, 18635, 2837, 60, 532, 604, 25, 2670, 198, 367, 2381, 260, 23892, 282, 685, 26979, 1136, 540, 582, 60, 532, 642, 25, 2998, 198, 1665, 43652, 532, 604, 25, 2713, 198, 6026, 89, 390, 360, 29690, 685, 12393, 2971, 60, 532, 604, 25, 1959, 198, 24002, 1434, 2185, 73, 273, 685, 28971, 2003, 60, 532, 604, 25, 4051, 198, 4434, 390, 1703, 2850, 685, 43, 5241, 624, 1108, 60, 532, 513, 25, 3270, 198, 13709, 0, 25143, 2850, 532, 604, 25, 3023, 198, 797, 9423, 64, 532, 604, 25, 1558, 198, 350, 8207, 685, 42455, 60, 532, 362, 25, 4310, 198, 4689, 347, 5282, 390, 8591, 8678, 421, 1437, 685, 464, 5228, 4097, 60, 532, 642, 25, 940, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 198, 18946, 16788, 198, 4834, 272, 270, 418, 4643, 8906, 16788 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169905	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxotrichlorobis%28triphenylphosphine%29rhenium%28V%29	Oxotrichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)rhenium(V)	Oxotrichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)rhenium(V) is the chemical compound with the formula ReOCl3(PPh3)2. This yellow, air-stable solid is a precursor to a variety of other rhenium complexes. In this diamagnetic compound, Re has an octahedral coordination environment with one oxo, three chloro and two mutually trans triphenylphosphine ligands. The oxidation state of rhenium is +5 and its configuration is d2. Synthesis ReOCl3(PPh3)2 is commercially available, but it is readily synthesized by reaction of perrhenic acid with triphenylphosphine in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. In this reaction, Re(VII) is reduced to Re(V), and triphenylphosphine is oxidized to its oxide. HReO4 + 3 HCl + 3 PPh3 → ReOCl3(PPh3)2 + Ph3PO + 2 H2O The required perrhenic acid solution can be prepared in situ from rhenium(VII) oxide. Uses ReOCl3(PPh3)2 is a precursor to a variety of other oxo-, nitridio, and hydrido complexes. It converts to ReH7(PPh3)2 by a treatment with LiAlH4. ReOCl3(PPh3)2 catalyzes the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols by DMSO, producing the corresponding ketals. References Rhenium compounds Chloro complexes Triphenylphosphine complexes	[ 38208, 313, 7527, 4685, 672, 271, 7, 39813, 831, 2645, 746, 14222, 500, 8, 81, 831, 1505, 7, 53, 8, 318, 262, 5931, 13061, 351, 262, 10451, 797, 46, 2601, 18, 7, 47, 2725, 18, 8, 17, 13, 220, 770, 7872, 11, 1633, 12, 31284, 4735, 318, 257, 34826, 284, 257, 4996, 286, 584, 374, 831, 1505, 42665, 13, 554, 428, 48428, 25145, 13061, 11, 797, 468, 281, 19318, 64, 21962, 19877, 2858, 351, 530, 12018, 78, 11, 1115, 20207, 78, 290, 734, 26519, 1007, 5296, 831, 2645, 746, 14222, 500, 26106, 1746, 13, 383, 37767, 1181, 286, 374, 831, 1505, 318, 1343, 20, 290, 663, 8398, 318, 288, 17, 13, 198, 198, 13940, 429, 8497, 198, 3041, 46, 2601, 18, 7, 47, 2725, 18, 8, 17, 318, 26879, 1695, 11, 475, 340, 318, 14704, 24983, 1143, 416, 6317, 286, 583, 81, 831, 291, 7408, 351, 5296, 831, 2645, 746, 14222, 500, 287, 257, 11710, 286, 17173, 36813, 291, 7408, 290, 936, 5139, 7408, 13, 220, 554, 428, 6317, 11, 797, 7, 45529, 8, 318, 5322, 284, 797, 7, 53, 828, 290, 5296, 831, 2645, 746, 14222, 500, 318, 18762, 1143, 284, 663, 30788, 13, 220, 220, 198, 367, 3041, 46, 19, 220, 1343, 220, 513, 367, 2601, 220, 1343, 220, 513, 350, 2725, 18, 220, 15168, 220, 220, 797, 46, 2601, 18, 7, 47, 2725, 18, 8, 17, 220, 1343, 220, 1380, 18, 16402, 220, 1343, 220, 362, 367, 17, 46, 198, 464, 2672, 583, 81, 831, 291, 7408, 4610, 460, 307, 5597, 287, 34074, 422, 374, 831, 1505, 7, 45529, 8, 30788, 13, 198, 198, 5842, 274, 198, 3041, 46, 2601, 18, 7, 47, 2725, 18, 8, 17, 318, 257, 34826, 284, 257, 4996, 286, 584, 12018, 78, 20995, 13759, 6058, 952, 11, 290, 7409, 6058, 78, 42665, 13, 220, 632, 26161, 284, 797, 39, 22, 7, 47, 2725, 18, 8, 17, 416, 257, 3513, 351, 7455, 2348, 39, 19, 13, 198, 198, 3041, 46, 2601, 18, 7, 47, 2725, 18, 8, 17, 36745, 12271, 262, 21792, 37767, 286, 9233, 5548, 82, 416, 360, 5653, 46, 11, 9194, 262, 11188, 22354, 874, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 49, 831, 1505, 16439, 198, 1925, 4685, 78, 42665, 198, 51, 5528, 831, 2645, 746, 14222, 500, 42665 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17169951	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harihara%20%28poet%29	Harihara (poet)	Harihara (or Harisvara) () was a noted Kannada poet and writer in the 12th century. A native of Halebidu in modern Hassan district, he came from a family of accountants (Karnikas) and initially served in that capacity in the court of Hoysala King Narasimha I (r.1152–1173 CE). Later, he moved to Hampi and authored many landmark classics. Among his important writings, the Girijakalyana written in champu metre (mixed prose-verse) is considered one of the enduring classics of Kannada language. Famous writings Magnum opus Harihara, although one of the earliest Veerashaiva writers, was not part of the famous Vachana literary tradition. He wrote under the patronage of King Narasimha I. He wrote his magnum opus, the Girijakalyana ("Marriage of the mountain born Goddess") in the Kalidasa tradition, though employing the old Jain champu style, with the story leading to the marriage of God Shiva and his consort Parvati in ten sections. Harihara brings out his ability for narration while describing the lamentation of Rati for Kama, and the intense love and devotion of Parvati for Shiva. Though known for his magnum opus, his poetic talent found complete expression in his lyrical and narrative ragale poems. It was Harihara who popularised the ragale (couplets in blank verse), a metre native to Kannada language. In a deviation from the norm of the day, Harihara avoided glorifying famous mortals and continued the Jain tradition of "glorifying the spirit" and the "conquest of evil within oneself". So against eulogising earthly mortals was Harihara, legend has it that he physically abused his protégé Raghavanka for writing about King Harishchandra in the work Harishchandra Kavya (c. 1200). Other poetic works Shivaganada ragale Harihara is credited with a collection of more than one hundred poems in the ragale metre called the Nambiyanana ragale (also called Shivaganada ragale or Saranacharitamanasa–"The holy lake of the lives of the devotees", c. 1160) after the saint Nambiyana. In this writing, which is a eulogy of the 63 saints of early Shaivism (devotion to God Shiva), of the later social reformers such as Basavanna, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi, and of God Virupaksha (a form of Hindu god Shiva), Harihara express emotions as few poets could. Referenced in this writing is the Tamil epic Periyapuranam. Basavarajadevara ragale Another important writing (though partially available), in the ragale metre is the Basavarajadevara ragale. It is on the life of Basavanna emphasizing the protagonist's compassion for devotees of the god Shiva. This work is the earliest biography of Basavanna from which 13 out of 25 sections are available and are considered important because the author was a near contemporary of his protagonist and set the trend for future biographers. Harihara thus became the earliest poetic biographer in the Kannada language. Interesting details of Basavanna's life are narrated by Harihara, some of which contradict commonly held beliefs. The author, who does not appear to be personally acquainted with his protagonist, mixed facts with some mythological details. While popular theory holds that Basavanna left his native place over a difference of opinion with his father regarding the brahminical initiation ritual (the "sacred thread ceremony"), Harihara's account states Basavanna lost his parents early in life and was cared for by his grandmother. Later he discarded his thread and left for Sangama, indicating he was already initiated. Regarding Basavanna's employment under King Bijjala II, while popular theory holds that Basavanna succeeded his deceased maternal uncle (whose daughter he was married to) as the treasurer of the king, according to Harihara, Basavanna's introduction to the king was made by the incumbent treasurer Sidhdandadhisa, whom he later succeeded to the post. Mudigeya Ashtaka Mudigeya ashtaka (1200) is an important ashtaka poem (an eight line verse metre) by Harihara. Legend has it that once when Harihara bowed down in prayer to his God (Shiva), the "Rudraksha" flowers in his headgear (a mudige) fell on the floor. Seeing this, the devotees who had gathered there derided Harihara for wearing the headgear. In response, Harihara composed the ashtaka extempore in honor of his deity and included a challenging phrase "I have laid the mudige on the floor, let me see who can pick it up". Other writings Harihara's other works include Pushpa ragale, Marichanana ragale and Pampa sataka (written in the shataka metre comprising a string of 100 verses), in praise of the god Virupaksha of Hampi. For his poetic talent, he has earned the honorific "poet of exuberance" (utsava kavi). Notes References 12th-century births 13th-century deaths Kannada poets History of Karnataka People from Hassan Indian male poets 12th-century Indian poets 13th-century Indian poets	[ 39, 2743, 71, 3301, 357, 273, 2113, 271, 85, 3301, 8, 7499, 373, 257, 4367, 509, 1236, 4763, 21810, 290, 6260, 287, 262, 1105, 400, 4289, 13, 317, 6868, 286, 35056, 14065, 84, 287, 3660, 24485, 4783, 11, 339, 1625, 422, 257, 1641, 286, 1848, 1187, 357, 42, 1501, 1134, 292, 8, 290, 7317, 4983, 287, 326, 5339, 287, 262, 2184, 286, 367, 19417, 6081, 2677, 13596, 292, 320, 3099, 314, 357, 81, 13, 1157, 4309, 1906, 1157, 4790, 18671, 737, 11450, 11, 339, 3888, 284, 13039, 72, 290, 33941, 867, 20533, 29039, 13, 9754, 465, 1593, 19336, 11, 262, 23837, 2926, 461, 3400, 2271, 3194, 287, 24092, 84, 42760, 357, 76, 2966, 27149, 12, 4399, 8, 318, 3177, 530, 286, 262, 24056, 29039, 286, 509, 1236, 4763, 3303, 13, 198, 198, 37, 10877, 19336, 198, 198, 48017, 388, 1034, 385, 198, 39, 2743, 71, 3301, 11, 3584, 530, 286, 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17169979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20fisheries	Wild fisheries	A wild fishery is a natural body of water with a sizeable free-ranging fish or other aquatic animal (crustaceans and molluscs) population that can be harvested for its commercial value. Wild fisheries can be marine (saltwater) or lacustrine/riverine (freshwater), and rely heavily on the carrying capacity of the local aquatic ecosystem. Wild fisheries are sometimes called capture fisheries. The aquatic life they support is not artificially controlled in any meaningful way and needs to be "captured" or fished. Wild fisheries exist primarily in the oceans, and particularly around coasts and continental shelves, but also exist in lakes and rivers. Issues with wild fisheries are overfishing and pollution. Significant wild fisheries have collapsed or are in danger of collapsing, due to overfishing and pollution. Overall, production from the world's wild fisheries has levelled out, and may be starting to decline. As a contrast to wild fisheries, farmed fisheries can operate in sheltered coastal waters, in rivers, lakes and ponds, or in enclosed bodies of water such as pools or fish tanks. Farmed fisheries are technological in nature, and revolve around developments in aquaculture. Farmed fisheries are expanding, and Chinese aquaculture in particular is making many advances. Nevertheless, the majority of fish consumed by humans continues to be sourced from wild fisheries. As of the early 21st century, fish is humanity's only significant wild food source. Marine and inland production According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world harvest by commercial fisheries in 2010 consisted of 88.6 million tonnes of aquatic animals captured in wild fisheries, plus another 0.9 million tons of aquatic plants (seaweed etc.). This can be contrasted with 59.9 million tonnes produced in fish farms, plus another 19.0 million tons of aquatic plants harvested in aquaculture. Marine fisheries Topography Ocean currents Gyres and upwelling Biomass Habitats Coastal waters Continental shelves Coral reefs Open sea Seamounts Maritime species Freshwater fisheries Lakes Worldwide, freshwater lakes have an area of 1.5 million square kilometres. Saline inland seas add another 1.0 million square kilometres. There are 28 freshwater lakes with an area greater than 5,000 square kilometres, totalling 1.18 million square kilometres or 79 percent of the total. Freshwater fisheries are essential to supporting human life around the globe whether they are used for recreation or commercial use. Climate change presents several challenges in sustaining these fisheries as waters become warmer resulting in decreased dissolved oxygen, as the toxicity of pollutants increases, and as the physiological changes in fishes and changes in their habitat systems alter what we are used to. Deoxygenation and eutrophication are two major effects that are detrimental to fish and ecosystem health and the problem is more prevalent as the size of the body of water decreases. Details on the changes occurring in fish physiology and their habitats can be found at the respective citation. Increased management and surveillance on freshwater fisheries will be vital to the longevity, sustainability, and productivity of the fisheries and essential to maintaining our food production from that source. Rivers Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment. Wild fisheries flourish in oceans, lakes, and rivers, and the introduction of contaminants is an issue of concern, especially as regards plastics, pesticides, heavy metals, and other industrial and agricultural pollutants which do not disintegrate rapidly in the environment. Land run-off and industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste enter rivers and are discharged into the sea. Pollution from ships is also a problem. Plastic waste Marine debris is human-created waste that ends up floating in the sea. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. Eighty percent of all known marine debris is plastic - a component that has been rapidly accumulating since the end of World War II. Plastics accumulate because they don't biodegrade as many other substances do; while they will photodegrade on exposure to the sun, they do so only under dry conditions, as water inhibits this process. Discarded plastic bags, six pack rings and other forms of plastic waste which finish up in the ocean present dangers to wildlife and fisheries. Aquatic life can be threatened through entanglement, suffocation, and ingestion. Nurdles, also known as mermaids' tears, are plastic pellets typically under five millimetres in diameter, and are a major contributor to marine debris. They are used as a raw material in plastics manufacturing, and are thought to enter the natural environment after accidental spillages. Nurdles are also created through the physical weathering of larger plastic debris. They strongly resemble fish eggs, only instead of finding a nutritious meal, any marine wildlife that ingests them will likely starve, be poisoned and die. Many animals that live on or in the sea consume flotsam by mistake, as it often looks similar to their natural prey. Plastic debris, when bulky or tangled, is difficult to pass, and may become permanently lodged in the digestive tracts of these animals, blocking the passage of food and causing death through starvation or infection. Tiny floating particles also resemble zooplankton, which can lead filter feeders to consume them and cause them to enter the ocean food chain. In samples taken from the North Pacific Gyre in 1999 by the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton by a factor of six. More recently, reports have surfaced that there may now be 30 times more plastic than plankton, the most abundant form of life in the ocean. Toxic additives used in the manufacture of plastic materials can leach out into their surroundings when exposed to water. Waterborne hydrophobic pollutants collect and magnify on the surface of plastic debris, thus making plastic far more deadly in the ocean than it would be on land. Hydrophobic contaminants are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues, biomagnifying up the food chain and putting great pressure on apex predators. Some plastic additives are known to disrupt the endocrine system when consumed, others can suppress the immune system or decrease reproductive rates. Toxins Apart from plastics, there are particular problems with other toxins which do not disintegrate rapidly in the marine environment. Heavy metals are metallic chemical elements that have a relatively high density and are toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples are mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium. Other persistent toxins are PCBs, DDT, pesticides, furans, dioxins and phenols. Such toxins can accumulate in the tissues of many species of aquatic life in a process called bioaccumulation. They are also known to accumulate in benthic environments, such as estuaries and bay muds: a geological record of human activities of the last century. Some specific examples are Chinese and Russian industrial pollution such as phenols and heavy metals in the Amur River have devastated fish stocks and damaged its estuary soil. Wabamun Lake in Alberta, Canada, once the best whitefish lake in the area, now has unacceptable levels of heavy metals in its sediment and fish. Acute and chronic pollution events have been shown to impact southern California kelp forests, though the intensity of the impact seems to depend on both the nature of the contaminants and duration of exposure. Due to their high position in the food chain and the subsequent accumulation of heavy metals from their diet, mercury levels can be high in larger species such as bluefin and albacore. As a result, in March 2004 the United States FDA issued guidelines recommending that pregnant women, nursing mothers and children limit their intake of tuna and other types of predatory fish. Some shellfish and crabs can survive polluted environments, accumulating heavy metals or toxins in their tissues. For example, mitten crabs have a remarkable ability to survive in highly modified aquatic habitats, including polluted waters. The farming and harvesting of such species needs careful management if they are to be used as a food. Mining has a poor environmental track record. For example, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, mining has contaminated portions of the headwaters of over 40% of watersheds in the western continental US. Much of this pollution finishes up in the sea. Heavy metals enter the environment through oil spills - such as the Prestige oil spill on the Galician coast - or from other natural or anthropogenic sources. Eutrophication Eutrophication is an increase in chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen or phosphorus, in an ecosystem. It can result in an increase in the ecosystem's primary productivity (excessive plant growth and decay), and further effects including lack of oxygen and severe reductions in water quality, fish, and other animal populations. The biggest culprit are rivers that empty into the ocean, and with it the many chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture as well as waste from livestock and humans. An excess of oxygen depleting chemicals in the water can lead to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone. Surveys have shown that 54% of lakes in Asia are eutrophic; in Europe, 53%; in North America, 48%; in South America, 41%; and in Africa, 28%. Estuaries also tend to be naturally eutrophic because land-derived nutrients are concentrated where run-off enters the marine environment in a confined channel. The World Resources Institute has identified 375 hypoxic coastal zones around the world, concentrated in coastal areas in Western Europe, the Eastern and Southern coasts of the US, and East Asia, particularly in Japan. In the ocean, there are frequent red tide algae blooms that kill fish and marine mammals and cause respiratory problems in humans and some domestic animals when the blooms reach close to shore. In addition to land runoff, atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen can enter the open ocean. A study in 2008 found that this could account for around one third of the ocean's external (non-recycled) nitrogen supply and up to three per cent of the annual new marine biological production. It has been suggested that accumulating reactive nitrogen in the environment may have consequences as serious as putting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Acidification The oceans are normally a natural carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Because the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are increasing, the oceans are becoming more acidic. The potential consequences of ocean acidification are not fully understood, but there are concerns that structures made of calcium carbonate may become vulnerable to dissolution, affecting corals and the ability of shellfish to form shells. A report from NOAA scientists published in the journal Science in May 2008 found that large amounts of relatively acidified water are upwelling to within four miles of the Pacific continental shelf area of North America. This area is a critical zone where most local marine life lives or is born. While the paper dealt only with areas from Vancouver to northern California, other continental shelf areas may be experiencing similar effects. Effects of fishing Habitat destruction Fishing nets that have been left or lost in the ocean by fishermen are called ghost nets, and can entangle fish, dolphins, sea turtles, sharks, dugongs, crocodiles, seabirds, crabs, and other creatures. Acting as designed, these nets restrict movement, causing starvation, laceration and infection, and—in those that need to return to the surface to breathe—suffocation. Fishing operations often use trawl netting dragging and dredging them across the ocean bottom. Numerous habitats and ecosystems are disturbed and destroyed by trawling including coral reefs, sediments, and grasses that provide feeding and breeding grounds for a plethora of marine organisms. Coastal habitats such as mangroves are often sites of aquaculture farming practices in which the mangroves are either destroyed for easier use of the land or experience harmful conditions due to the farm being abandoned once the area becomes too polluted with excess nutrients. Overfishing Some specific examples of overfishing. On the east coast of the United States, the availability of bay scallops has been greatly diminished by the overfishing of sharks in the area. A variety of sharks have, until recently, fed on rays, which are a main predator of bay scallops. With the shark population reduced, in some places almost totally, the rays have been free to dine on scallops to the point of greatly decreasing their numbers. Chesapeake Bay's once-flourishing oyster populations historically filtered the estuary's entire water volume of excess nutrients every three or four days. Today that process takes almost a year, and sediment, nutrients, and algae can cause problems in local waters. Oysters filter these pollutants, and either eat them or shape them into small packets that are deposited on the bottom where they are harmless. The Australian government alleged in 2006 that Japan illegally overfished southern bluefin tuna by taking 12,000 to 20,000 tonnes per year instead of their agreed 6,000 tonnes; the value of such overfishing would be as much as US$2 billion. Such overfishing has resulted in severe damage to stocks. "Japan's huge appetite for tuna will take the most sought-after stocks to the brink of commercial extinction unless fisheries agree on more rigid quotas" stated the WWF. Japan disputes this figure, but acknowledges that some overfishing has occurred in the past. Jackson, Jeremy B C et al. (2001) Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems Science 293:629-638. Our World in Data provides a figure showing the trend in global fishing exploitation over a few decades to reveal the intensifying circumstances at hand: Overfishing presents many threats to fish population densities, obviously. However, as these populations plummet below the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) value for the specific population, you are now risking the loss of biodiversity and possibility for extinction due to less diversity. This loss in diversity is especially concerning as we deal with environmental changes from climate change since less diversity decreases a populations ability to adapt and survive the alterations of the habitat. Loss of biodiversity Each species in an ecosystem is affected by the other species in that ecosystem. There are very few single prey-single predator relationships. Most prey are consumed by more than one predator, and most predators have more than one prey. Their relationships are also influenced by other environmental factors. In most cases, if one species is removed from an ecosystem, other species will most likely be affected, up to the point of extinction. Species biodiversity is a major contributor to the stability of ecosystems. When an organism exploits a wide range of resources, a decrease in biodiversity is less likely to have an impact. However, for an organism which exploit only limited resources, a decrease in biodiversity is more likely to have a strong effect. Reduction of habitat, hunting and fishing of some species to extinction or near extinction, and pollution tend to tip the balance of biodiversity. For a systematic treatment of biodiversity within a trophic level, see unified neutral theory of biodiversity. Threatened species The global standard for recording threatened marine species is the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This list is the foundation for marine conservation priorities worldwide. A species is listed in the threatened category if it is considered to be critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable. Other categories are near threatened and data deficient. Marine Many marine species are under increasing risk of extinction and marine biodiversity is undergoing potentially irreversible loss due to threats such as overfishing, bycatch, climate change, invasive species and coastal development. By 2008, the IUCN had assessed about 3,000 marine species. This includes assessments of known species of shark, ray, chimaera, reef-building coral, grouper, marine turtle, seabird, and marine mammal. Almost one-quarter (22%) of these groups have been listed as threatened. Sharks, rays, and chimaeras: are deep water pelagic species, which makes them difficult to study in the wild. Not a lot is known about their ecology and population status. Much of what is currently known is from their capture in nets from both targeted and accidental catch. Many of these slow growing species are not recovering from overfishing by shark fisheries around the world. Groupers: Major threats are overfishing, particularly the uncontrolled fishing of small juveniles and spawning adults. Coral reefs: The primary threats to corals are bleaching and disease which has been linked to an increase in sea temperatures. Other threats include coastal development, coral extraction, sedimentation and pollution. The coral triangle (Indo-Malay-Philippine archipelago) region has the highest number of reef-building coral species in threatened category as well as the highest coral species diversity. The loss of coral reef ecosystems will have devastating effects on many marine species, as well as on people that depend on reef resources for their livelihoods. Marine mammals: include whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otter, marine otter, manatees, dugong and the polar bear. Major threats include entanglement in ghost nets, targeted harvesting, noise pollution from military and seismic sonar, and boat strikes. Other threats are water pollution, habitat loss from coastal development, loss of food sources due to the collapse of fisheries, and climate change. Seabirds: Major threats include longline fisheries and gillnets, oil spills, and predation by rodents and cats in their breeding grounds. Other threats are habitat loss and degradation from coastal development, logging and pollution. Marine turtles: Marine turtles lay their eggs on beaches, and are subject to threats such as coastal development, sand mining, and predators, including humans who collect their eggs for food in many parts of the world. At sea, marine turtles can be targeted by small scale subsistence fisheries, or become bycatch during longline and trawling activities, or become entangled in ghost nets or struck by boats. An ambitious project, called the Global Marine Species Assessment, is under way to make IUCN Red List assessments for another 17,000 marine species by 2012. Groups targeted include the approximately 15,000 known marine fishes, and important habitat-forming primary producers such mangroves, seagrasses, certain seaweeds and the remaining corals; and important invertebrate groups including molluscs and echinoderms. Freshwater Freshwater fisheries have a disproportionately high diversity of species compared to other ecosystems. Although freshwater habitats cover less than 1% of the world's surface, they provide a home for over 25% of known vertebrates, more than 126,000 known animal species, about 24,800 species of freshwater fish, molluscs, crabs and dragonflies, and about 2,600 macrophytes. Continuing industrial and agricultural developments place huge strain on these freshwater systems. Waters are polluted or extracted at high levels, wetlands are drained, rivers channelled, forests deforestated leading to sedimentation, invasive species are introduced, and over-harvesting occurs. In the 2008 IUCN Red List, about 6,000 or 22% of the known freshwater species have been assessed at a global scale, leaving about 21,000 species still to be assessed. This makes clear that, worldwide, freshwater species are highly threatened, possibly more so than species in marine fisheries. However, a significant proportion of freshwater species are listed as data deficient, and more field surveys are needed. Fisheries management A recent paper published by the National Academy of Sciences of the USA warns that: "Synergistic effects of habitat destruction, overfishing, introduced species, warming, acidification, toxins, and massive runoff of nutrients are transforming once complex ecosystems like coral reefs and kelp forests into monotonous level bottoms, transforming clear and productive coastal seas into anoxic dead zones, and transforming complex food webs topped by big animals into simplified, microbially dominated ecosystems with boom and bust cycles of toxic dinoflagellate blooms, jellyfish, and disease". See also Fishing by country List of countries by seafood consumption List of harvested aquatic animals by weight Ocean fisheries Population dynamics of fisheries World fish production References World Ocean Atlas (2005) World ocean database. Retrieved 19 April 2008. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (2007) The World Ocean. Retrieved 19 April 2008. Jacques, Peter (2006) Globalization and the world ocean Rowman Altamira. Pauly, Daniel; Watson, Reg and Alder, Jackie (2005) Global trends in world fisheries: impacts on marine ecosystems and food security Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society, Volume 360, Number 1453. De Young, Cassandra (2007) Review of the state of world marine capture fisheries management FAO, Fisheries Technical Paper 488, Rome. . External links International Nitrogen Initiative: Web site Population Distribution within 100 km of Coastlines (2000) World Resources Institute. 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17169992	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imponderable%20fluid	Imponderable fluid	Imponderable fluids are features of several superseded scientific theories, such as archaic atomic and electromotive theories. Description The term has been used in natural philosophy and physics to explain certain phenomena as the result of invisible and practically weightless (Latin: imponderabilis) fluids. Historically proposed imponderable fluids include phlogiston and caloric; additionally some physicists considered electricity imponderable. Fluids theories In an article published in 1868, English inventor and polymath Fleeming Jenkin described myriad hypotheses of physics that had been put forth involving imponderable fluids: Leibniz mentions with great disapproval a certain Hartsoeker who supposed that atoms moved in an ambient fluid, though the idea is not unlike his own. It is difficult to trace the origin of the hypothesis, but Galileo and Hobbes both speak of a subtle ether. The conception of an all-pervading imponderable fluid of this kind has formed part of many theories, and ether came to be very generally adopted as a favourite name for the fluid, but caloric was also much thought of as a medium. We even find half-a-dozen imponderable co-existent fluids regarded with favour,—one called heat, another electricity, another phlogiston, another light, and what not, with little hard atoms swimming about, each endowed with forces of repulsion and attraction of all sorts, as was thought desirable. This idea of the constitution of matter was perhaps the worst of all. These imponderable fluids were mere names, and these forces were suppositions, representing no observed facts. No attempt was made to show how or why the forces acted, but gravitation being taken as due to a mere "force", speculators thought themselves at liberty to imagine any number of forces, attractive or repulsive, or alternating, varying as the distance, or the square, cube, or higher power of the distance, etc. At last, Ruđer Bošković got rid of atoms altogether, by supposing them to be the mere centre of forces exerted by a position or point only, where nothing existed but the power of exerting a force. The electric fluid The term "electric fluid" was sometimes used to describe electrical forces which are generated by what science now refers to as an electric field. For example, a basic electric pendulum consists of weights to which an electric charge has been applied, such as through the static electric effect. As masses with similar charges (i.e. both positive or both negative) will repel each other, an "electric fluid" was conceived to explain the effect: "the fluid diffused on the one ball repels and is repelled by the fluid diffused on the other ball, and that the balls being covered by the fluid are reciprocally repelled." M. Martin Ziegler patented a method of producing a "vital fluid" by combining nitrogen and carbon in a porous cell containing ammonia, immersed in a vessel tilled with molasses. The current was to flow through silk threads attached to the vessel: about 1868. See also Grotthuss mechanism (Theodor Grotthuss) Newtonianism References Further reading Grove, W. R. (1874). The correlation of physical forces. London: Longmans, Green. Priestley, J. (1767). The history and present state of electricity: With original experiments, by Joseph Priestley. London. Grotthus, "Sur la Composition de l'Eau et des Corps quelle tient en dissolution a l'aide de l'Electricite galvanique". (Tr., On the Composition of Water Bodies and what holds in solution with the aid of galvanic electricity.) 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17170025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20the%20Ball%20%28musical%29	After the Ball (musical)	After the Ball is a musical by Noël Coward based on the 1892 play by Oscar Wilde, Lady Windermere's Fan. After a provincial tour, the musical premiered at the Globe Theatre, London, on 10 June 1954 and ran for 188 performances until 20 November 1954. Robert Helpmann was the director, and the cast included Mary Ellis, Vanessa Lee, Peter Graves and Irene Browne. After the Ball was the last Coward musical launched in the West End; his last two musicals debuted on Broadway before opening in London. After the Ball enjoyed a 1999 Coward centenary production at the Peacock Theatre, London. Background Coward decided, in August 1953, to base a musical on Oscar Wilde's play, Lady Windermere's Fan; he worked on it until January 1954. He delegated the first draft of the script to his assistant Cole Lesley. Lesley "cut out the more glaringly melodramatic of Wilde's lines and divided the remainder into sections ending with a suitable 'cue for a song'" "I know that it is very good indeed," wrote Coward of the finished piece, "I have... turned out some of the best lyrics I have ever written" Coward worked on the piece during his customary winter holiday in Jamaica in December 1953. His music director, Norman Hackforth, flew to Jamaica to help him finish the score after Christmas. The scenery and costume design was by Doris Zinkeisen. Coward cast Mary Ellis in the leading role of Mrs Erlynne, unwisely accepting without audition her assurance that, in her late 50s, she was singing as well as ever. Hackforth soon realised that she could not adequately sing Coward's difficult music for the role. In Coward's absence, Hackforth reluctantly cut the most challenging music for the twelve-week tour opening in Liverpool on 1 March 1954, but he was still dismayed by Ellis's delivery of the music. Coward returned to England at the end of March and saw the production at Bristol on 1 April. He was distressed by what he saw and heard: "the absence of style in the direction... a great deal of the performance was inaudible.... Vanessa [Lee] sang divinely but acted poorly. Mary Ellis acted well but sang so badly I could hardly bear it. The orchestra was appalling, the orchestrations beneath contempt, and poor Norman [Hackforth] conducted like a stick of wet asparagus.". Coward immediately began major rewriting, reorganisation, reorchestration and cutting of the show. He fired his old friend Hackforth as musical director. Hackforth remembered, "If [Coward] had struck me across the face and told me I was no bloody good it would have been less painful!" Coward engaged Phil Green to reorchestrate the score and revised much of Robert Helpmann's production, but he was still "terribly disappointed about After the Ball. The whole project has been sabotaged by Mary not being able to sing it. Unfortunately she is a strong personality and plays it well, otherwise I would of course have had her out of the cast weeks ago." He was still more forthright to his friends Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne: "I have been having a terrible time with After the Ball, mainly on account of Mary Ellis's singing voice which, to coin a phrase, sounds like someone fucking the cat. I know that your sense of the urbane, sophisticated Coward wit will appreciate this simile." In London, reviews were mixed: "The daily Press was idiotic as usual but well-disposed and good box-office. [The Sunday papers] are, on the whole, very good, particularly Harold Hobson in the Sunday Times." The show ran from 10 June until 20 November 1954. In retrospect, the director, Helpmann, wondered whether the attempt to combine Wilde and Coward was ever likely to have worked: You would have thought that a play of Wilde's with music by Noël Coward should be marvellous, but I suddenly realised at the first rehearsal it was like having two funny people at a dinner party. Everything that Noel sent up, Wilde was sentimental about, and everything that Wilde sent up Noel was sentimental about. It was two different points of view and it didn't work." Synopsis In 1899 London, the upper crust gather at Lord and Lady Windermere's London house for a spectacular ball. Lady Windermere at first ignores the gossip that she has a rival for her husband's affections, an older woman called Mrs Erlynne, but she eventually confronts Lord Windermere with the accusation. He admits that he has been paying money to Mrs Erlynne but denies that he has had an affair with her and refuses to say more. In fact, Mrs Erlynne is Lady Windermere's mother, whom her daughter believes to be dead, and Lord Windermere is paying her money to keep her from revealing the relationship. Lady Windermere, still believing the worst of her husband, is tempted by the amorous advances of the debonair Lord Darlington and agrees to visit him at his flat. Mrs Erlynne, learning of this before Lord Windermere, rushes to Darlington's flat to prevent her daughter from committing a destructive folly similar to that which she herself committed twenty years earlier. Without letting Lady Windermere know that they are mother and daughter, Mrs Erlynne persuades her that a liaison with Lord Darlington would be disastrous, but before they can leave, Lord Windermere arrives. The ladies conceal themselves, but Lord Windermere discovers the fan that he has recently given his wife as a birthday present and demands to know if Lord Darlington has Lady Windermere in his rooms. To prevent the exposure of Lady Windermere, Mrs Erlynne enters, saying that it is she who is under Lord Darlington's roof and must have picked up Lady Windermere's fan by mistake. Lady Windermere's reputation is saved, but Mrs Erlynne's is compromised. Fortunately, her admirer, Lord Augustus Lorton, is convinced of her honour and proposes marriage. The Windermeres are reconciled, and all ends happily. Lady Windermere never learns that Mrs Erlynne is her mother. Musical numbers "Oh, What a Century It's Been" "I Knew That You Would Be My Love" "Mr. Hopper's Chanty" "Sweet Day" "Quartette" "Crème de la Crème" "Light Is the Heart" "Why Is It the Woman Who Pays?" "London at Night" "Aria" "May I Have the Pleasure?" "All My Life Ago" "Faraway Land" "Something on a Tray" "Clear Bright Morning" In his book My Life with Noël Coward, Graham Payn reproduced the lyrics for two major numbers featuring Mrs Erlynne which had to be cut because Mary Ellis could not manage them: Mrs Erlynne's entrance in Act I and an aria in the first act finale. Productions After the original run, there has been only one professional revival in the West End, a 1999 Coward centenary production at the Peacock Theatre, London, conducted by John McGlinn. Casts of the original production and the revival are given below. Notes References Castle, Charles (1974) Noël, Sphere Books, London, Day, Barry (ed.) (2007) The Letters of Noël Coward, Methuen, London, Lesley, Cole. (1976) The Life of Noël Coward, Jonathan Cape, London, Payn, Graham and Sheridan Morley (ed.) (1982) The Noël Coward Diaries, Papermac, London Payn, Graham. (1994) My Life with Noël Coward, Applause Books, New York and Tonbridge, Tanvitch, Robert. The London Stage in the 20th Century. 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17170046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Bay%20Symphony%20Orchestra	Long Bay Symphony Orchestra	The Long Bay Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It was founded by Dr. Diana Swanner-Scroggins in 1988. It is named after the long bay that stretches sixty miles along the Grand Strand region of the North and South Carolina coasts. A professional orchestra, the Symphony has both a full orchestra and a chamber orchestra series each year. In addition, the Symphony has played with many notable artists and groups. Dr. Won-Mo Kim served as the first music director/conductor for the symphony. Dr. Charles Jones Evans has served in that position since 1996. The Symphony is also active in educational programming and the training of tomorrow's musical artists, and operates the Long Bay Symphony's Youth Orchestra. Jessica B. Miller is the current manager of the Youth Orchestra. References External links American orchestras Musical groups established in 1987 Musical groups from South Carolina Performing arts in South Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina	[ 464, 5882, 4696, 33195, 34017, 318, 281, 1605, 40095, 5140, 287, 29772, 7100, 8511, 11, 2520, 5913, 13, 632, 373, 9393, 416, 1583, 13, 25752, 21491, 1008, 12, 3351, 305, 1130, 1040, 287, 12122, 13, 632, 318, 3706, 706, 262, 890, 15489, 326, 23687, 24742, 4608, 1863, 262, 5675, 4285, 392, 3814, 286, 262, 2258, 290, 2520, 5913, 48598, 13, 220, 317, 4708, 40095, 11, 262, 33195, 468, 1111, 257, 1336, 40095, 290, 257, 11847, 40095, 2168, 1123, 614, 13, 554, 3090, 11, 262, 33195, 468, 2826, 351, 867, 12411, 7912, 290, 2628, 13, 198, 198, 6187, 13, 23306, 12, 16632, 6502, 4983, 355, 262, 717, 2647, 3437, 14, 17561, 33029, 329, 262, 5659, 23021, 13, 1583, 13, 7516, 5437, 13922, 468, 4983, 287, 326, 2292, 1201, 8235, 13, 198, 198, 464, 33195, 318, 635, 4075, 287, 9856, 8300, 290, 262, 3047, 286, 9439, 338, 10530, 7912, 11, 290, 14051, 262, 5882, 4696, 33195, 338, 17582, 34017, 13, 17352, 347, 13, 7920, 318, 262, 1459, 4706, 286, 262, 17582, 34017, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 198, 7437, 28127, 292, 198, 10694, 605, 2628, 4920, 287, 12923, 198, 10694, 605, 2628, 422, 2520, 5913, 198, 5990, 15464, 10848, 287, 2520, 5913, 198, 44, 2417, 7100, 8511, 11, 2520, 5913 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17170048	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20Deposition%20of%20the%20Robe	Church of the Deposition of the Robe	The Church of the Deposition of the Robe () is a church which stands on Cathedral Square in the Moscow Kremlin. It was begun in 1484 by masters from Pskov, most likely by the same group of architects who built the adjacent Cathedral of the Annunciation. It serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums. The church was built on the site of a previous church, built by Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow in 1451. The name of the church, variously translated as the Church of the Virgin's Robe, The Church of Laying Our Lady’s Holy Robe, The Church of the Veil or simply Church of the Deposition, is said to refer to a festival dating from the 5th century AD, celebrating when the robe of the Virgin Mary was taken from Palestine to Constantinople, where it protected the city from being conquered. For example, tradition says that during the Rus'-Byzantine War of 860 the patriarch placed the Virgin's Robe into the sea, causing a storm that destroyed the invading Rus' ships. A four-level iconostasis, created by Nazary Istomin Savin in 1627, has been preserved in the church, and has frescoes painted by Ivan Borisov, Sidor Pospeev and Semyon Abramov in 1644. The church itself was built in the traditional Early Russian style, characterized by "a noticeable tendency towards more elevated proportions, the overall structure being extended by being placed on raised foundations, and the drum supporting the single dome also being raised." As with the Cathedral of the Annunciation, the intricate interior detail and ornamentation were characteristic of Russian architecture of this period. Originally, the church served as the private chapel of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus', but during the mid-17th century, it was taken over by the Russian royal family. The church was badly damaged in a fire in 1737 (the same fire that cracked the Tsar Bell). Today, the church also houses a display of wood sculpture from the 14th to 19th centuries. References External links Church of Laying Our Lady’s Holy Robe Churches completed in 1451 15th-century Russian Orthodox church buildings Russian Orthodox churches in Moscow Church buildings with domes Moscow Kremlin Museums in Moscow Sculpture galleries Religious organizations established in the 1480s Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Moscow	[ 464, 4564, 286, 262, 2129, 3507, 286, 262, 3851, 68, 7499, 318, 257, 4928, 543, 6296, 319, 32536, 9276, 287, 262, 9070, 19077, 13, 632, 373, 9258, 287, 1478, 5705, 416, 18159, 422, 350, 8135, 709, 11, 749, 1884, 416, 262, 976, 1448, 286, 29518, 508, 3170, 262, 15909, 32536, 286, 262, 5506, 24978, 13, 220, 632, 9179, 355, 257, 636, 286, 9070, 19077, 32887, 5700, 13, 198, 198, 464, 4928, 373, 3170, 319, 262, 2524, 286, 257, 2180, 4928, 11, 3170, 416, 45447, 21609, 286, 9070, 287, 1478, 4349, 13, 383, 1438, 286, 262, 4928, 11, 2972, 306, 14251, 355, 262, 4564, 286, 262, 5283, 338, 3851, 68, 11, 383, 4564, 286, 406, 8369, 3954, 11182, 447, 247, 82, 7439, 3851, 68, 11, 383, 4564, 286, 262, 46104, 393, 2391, 4564, 286, 262, 2129, 3507, 11, 318, 531, 284, 3522, 284, 257, 10876, 10691, 422, 262, 642, 400, 4289, 5984, 11, 17499, 618, 262, 33192, 286, 262, 5283, 5335, 373, 2077, 422, 17263, 284, 46369, 11, 810, 340, 6861, 262, 1748, 422, 852, 29346, 13, 1114, 1672, 11, 6761, 1139, 326, 1141, 262, 9223, 29001, 3886, 89, 29003, 1810, 286, 807, 1899, 262, 28915, 4624, 262, 5283, 338, 3851, 68, 656, 262, 5417, 11, 6666, 257, 6388, 326, 6572, 262, 33827, 9223, 6, 7937, 13, 198, 198, 32, 1440, 12, 5715, 7196, 455, 17765, 11, 2727, 416, 12819, 560, 314, 301, 6351, 8858, 259, 287, 1467, 1983, 11, 468, 587, 17232, 287, 262, 4928, 11, 290, 468, 34093, 1073, 274, 13055, 416, 21798, 25026, 709, 11, 15686, 273, 18574, 431, 1990, 290, 311, 3065, 261, 39631, 709, 287, 1467, 2598, 13, 383, 4928, 2346, 373, 3170, 287, 262, 4569, 12556, 3394, 3918, 11, 16264, 416, 366, 64, 19787, 13542, 3371, 517, 15321, 23250, 11, 262, 4045, 4645, 852, 7083, 416, 852, 4624, 319, 4376, 19369, 11, 290, 262, 13026, 6493, 262, 2060, 29500, 635, 852, 4376, 526, 1081, 351, 262, 32536, 286, 262, 5506, 24978, 11, 262, 28746, 11087, 3703, 290, 45618, 341, 547, 16704, 286, 3394, 10959, 286, 428, 2278, 13, 198, 198, 22731, 11, 262, 4928, 4983, 355, 262, 2839, 43398, 286, 262, 48665, 286, 9070, 290, 477, 9223, 3256, 475, 1141, 262, 3095, 12, 1558, 400, 4289, 11, 340, 373, 2077, 625, 416, 262, 3394, 15100, 1641, 13, 383, 4928, 373, 11234, 9694, 287, 257, 2046, 287, 1596, 2718, 357, 1169, 976, 2046, 326, 21368, 262, 13146, 283, 7459, 737, 198, 198, 8888, 11, 262, 4928, 635, 7777, 257, 3359, 286, 4898, 26924, 422, 262, 1478, 400, 284, 678, 400, 10675, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 46686, 286, 406, 8369, 3954, 11182, 447, 247, 82, 7439, 3851, 68, 198, 198, 1925, 12730, 5668, 287, 1478, 4349, 198, 1314, 400, 12, 14792, 3394, 17650, 4928, 6832, 198, 16220, 17650, 14422, 287, 9070, 198, 46686, 6832, 351, 2401, 274, 198, 49757, 19077, 198, 44, 1904, 5700, 287, 9070, 198, 50, 3129, 457, 495, 38462, 198, 6892, 10956, 5745, 4920, 287, 262, 1478, 1795, 82, 198, 34, 8596, 15012, 28814, 286, 2717, 12085, 287, 9070 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17170067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin-Tindall%20Regional%20Park	Austin-Tindall Regional Park	Austin-Tindall Regional Park is an athletic facility located in Kissimmee, Florida, encompassing of active and passive recreational area from the Orlando International Airport. It hosts annual soccer, football, lacrosse and rugby events, as well as field hockey and archery matches. External links Austin-Tindall Park (official site) Urban public parks Parks in Florida Sports venues in Greater Orlando Kissimmee, Florida Protected areas of Osceola County, Florida Sports in Kissimmee, Florida Soccer venues in Florida American football venues in Florida Lacrosse venues in the United States Field hockey venues in the United States Sports venues completed in 1993 1993 establishments in Florida	[ 40245, 12, 51, 521, 439, 15994, 3250, 318, 281, 15177, 6841, 5140, 287, 20350, 320, 1326, 68, 11, 4744, 11, 220, 20504, 19696, 220, 286, 4075, 290, 14513, 18136, 1989, 220, 422, 262, 13117, 4037, 12690, 13, 632, 11453, 5079, 11783, 11, 4346, 11, 31123, 39314, 290, 22948, 2995, 11, 355, 880, 355, 2214, 12217, 290, 610, 31132, 7466, 13, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 220, 198, 9533, 12, 51, 521, 439, 3250, 357, 16841, 2524, 8, 198, 198, 46667, 1171, 14860, 198, 47, 5558, 287, 4744, 198, 18153, 22276, 287, 18169, 13117, 198, 42, 747, 320, 1326, 68, 11, 4744, 198, 19703, 11197, 3006, 286, 8834, 344, 5708, 3418, 11, 4744, 198, 18153, 287, 20350, 320, 1326, 68, 11, 4744, 198, 37949, 2189, 22276, 287, 4744, 198, 7437, 4346, 22276, 287, 4744, 198, 43, 330, 39314, 22276, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 15878, 12217, 22276, 287, 262, 1578, 1829, 198, 18153, 22276, 5668, 287, 9656, 198, 24465, 33228, 287, 4744 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17170069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20Porter%20Museum	Rufus Porter Museum	The Rufus Porter Museum of Art and Ingenuity is located in Bridgton, Maine. It is dedicated to the life and works of Rufus Porter (1792–1884). The museum is located on Main Street in two historic buildings and is open seasonally or by appointment. References External links Rufus Porter Museum Art museums established in 2005 Porter, Rufus Art museums and galleries in Maine Museums in Cumberland County, Maine 2005 establishments in Maine Buildings and structures in Bridgton, Maine Houses in Cumberland County, Maine	[ 464, 371, 3046, 385, 20890, 9594, 286, 3683, 290, 554, 5235, 14834, 318, 5140, 287, 28320, 70, 1122, 11, 15080, 13, 632, 318, 7256, 284, 262, 1204, 290, 2499, 286, 371, 3046, 385, 20890, 357, 1558, 5892, 1906, 1507, 5705, 737, 383, 13257, 318, 5140, 319, 8774, 3530, 287, 734, 9566, 6832, 290, 318, 1280, 1622, 453, 393, 416, 12557, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 49, 3046, 385, 20890, 9594, 198, 198, 8001, 30794, 4920, 287, 5075, 198, 47, 4337, 11, 371, 3046, 385, 198, 8001, 30794, 290, 38462, 287, 15080, 198, 44, 1904, 5700, 287, 38732, 1044, 3418, 11, 15080, 198, 14315, 33228, 287, 15080, 198, 15580, 654, 290, 8573, 287, 28320, 70, 1122, 11, 15080, 198, 39, 11370, 287, 38732, 1044, 3418, 11, 15080 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17170088	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtyle%20Hill	Newtyle Hill	Newtyle Hill is a mountainous landform in the Sidlaw Hills in Angus, Scotland The vicinity has elements of prehistory including presence of the Eassie Stone, a Pictish stone dating to the Dark Ages. It is not to be confused with a hill of the same name 2 km east of Dunkeld. See also Hatton Hill Line notes References United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Mapy, Sheet 53, Blairgowrie C.Michael Hogan, Eassie Stone, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham, 7 October 2007 Mountains and hills of Angus, Scotland	[ 3791, 774, 293, 3327, 318, 257, 47500, 1956, 687, 287, 262, 15686, 6270, 14379, 287, 41182, 11, 8838, 220, 383, 25980, 468, 4847, 286, 662, 23569, 1390, 4931, 286, 262, 412, 562, 494, 8026, 11, 257, 10780, 680, 7815, 10691, 284, 262, 3801, 21449, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 407, 284, 307, 10416, 351, 257, 12788, 286, 262, 976, 1438, 362, 1849, 13276, 7627, 286, 5648, 365, 335, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 367, 38680, 3327, 198, 198, 13949, 4710, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 1578, 7526, 14230, 41601, 13084, 9347, 88, 11, 21616, 7192, 11, 18520, 21175, 5034, 198, 327, 13, 13256, 25316, 11, 412, 562, 494, 8026, 11, 383, 8336, 282, 342, 291, 25663, 11, 1225, 13, 317, 13, 8942, 2763, 11, 767, 3267, 4343, 220, 198, 198, 35452, 1299, 290, 18639, 286, 41182, 11, 8838 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17170099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C3-Dihydroxybenzoic%20acid	2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta. It is also abundant in the fruits of Flacourtia inermis. It is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of organic compound. The colorless solid occurs naturally, being formed via the shikimate pathway. It is incorporated into various siderophores, which are molecules that strongly complex iron ions for absorption into bacteria. 2,3-DHB consists of a catechol group, which upon deprotonation binds iron centers very strongly, and the carboxylic acid group by which the ring attaches to various scaffolds through amide bonds. A famous high affinity siderophore is enterochelin, which contains three dihydroxybenzoyl substituents linked to the depsipeptide of serine. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a product of human aspirin metabolism. References Dihydroxybenzoic acids Salicylic acids Chelating agents Catechols	[ 17, 11, 18, 12, 35, 4449, 5173, 42059, 11722, 10872, 291, 7408, 318, 257, 3288, 6566, 349, 1043, 287, 1380, 25727, 272, 26239, 7408, 385, 290, 287, 262, 37115, 277, 1142, 4849, 7114, 544, 18605, 18059, 13, 632, 318, 635, 23263, 287, 262, 15921, 286, 1610, 330, 15666, 544, 287, 7780, 271, 13, 632, 318, 257, 2566, 15511, 42059, 11722, 10872, 291, 7408, 11, 257, 2099, 286, 10469, 13061, 13, 198, 198, 464, 3124, 1203, 4735, 8833, 8752, 11, 852, 7042, 2884, 262, 427, 1134, 1920, 21182, 13, 632, 318, 16560, 656, 2972, 264, 1304, 2522, 2850, 11, 543, 389, 17745, 326, 7634, 3716, 6953, 39270, 329, 24774, 656, 11492, 13, 220, 362, 11, 18, 12, 35, 32886, 10874, 286, 257, 269, 40340, 349, 1448, 11, 543, 2402, 1207, 305, 1122, 341, 37354, 6953, 10399, 845, 7634, 11, 290, 262, 1097, 3524, 88, 677, 7408, 1448, 416, 543, 262, 5858, 48262, 284, 2972, 41498, 10119, 832, 716, 485, 13100, 13, 317, 5863, 1029, 28430, 264, 1304, 2522, 382, 318, 3802, 30848, 2815, 11, 543, 4909, 1115, 2566, 15511, 42059, 11722, 89, 726, 75, 21436, 84, 658, 6692, 284, 262, 390, 862, 3757, 457, 485, 286, 1055, 500, 13, 198, 198, 1026, 318, 257, 6196, 4465, 6953, 12, 29232, 803, 2563, 290, 468, 37802, 48518, 6608, 13, 198, 198, 17, 11, 18, 12, 35, 4449, 5173, 42059, 11722, 10872, 291, 7408, 318, 635, 257, 1720, 286, 1692, 49550, 20211, 13, 198, 198, 19927, 220, 198, 198, 35, 4449, 5173, 42059, 11722, 10872, 291, 17045, 198, 19221, 4611, 677, 17045, 198, 38292, 803, 6554, 198, 34, 40340, 10220 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]
17170131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20351	United Nations Security Council Resolution 351	United Nations Security Council Resolution 351, adopted on June 10, 1974, after examining the application of the People's Republic of Bangladesh for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that the People's Republic of Bangladesh be admitted. The resolution was adopted without vote. See also List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 301 to 400 (1971–1976) References Text of the Resolution at undocs.org External links 0351 0351 0351 1974 in Bangladesh June 1974 events	[ 17013, 7973, 4765, 4281, 22406, 44417, 11, 8197, 319, 2795, 838, 11, 16489, 11, 706, 17247, 262, 3586, 286, 262, 4380, 338, 2066, 286, 19483, 329, 9931, 287, 262, 1578, 7973, 11, 262, 4281, 7151, 284, 262, 3611, 10006, 326, 262, 4380, 338, 2066, 286, 19483, 307, 6848, 13, 198, 198, 464, 6323, 373, 8197, 1231, 3015, 13, 198, 198, 6214, 635, 198, 7343, 286, 1578, 7973, 4765, 4281, 1874, 14191, 25643, 284, 7337, 357, 41208, 1906, 38108, 8, 198, 198, 19927, 198, 8206, 286, 262, 22406, 379, 3318, 420, 82, 13, 2398, 198, 198, 41506, 6117, 198, 220, 628, 657, 35273, 198, 657, 35273, 198, 657, 35273, 198, 40828, 287, 19483, 198, 15749, 16489, 2995 ]	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 ]

17168224

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20government%20ministers%20in%20Northern%20Ireland

List of government ministers in Northern Ireland

This Wikipedia page is a list of government ministers in Northern Ireland. Government ministers First Minister and deputy First Minister Junior Ministers Minister of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs Minister of Education Minister for Communities Minister for the Economy Minister of Finance Minister of Health Minister for Infrastructure Minister for Justice See also Northern Ireland Executive References Northern Ireland Executive Northern Ireland Executive Ministers

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17168243

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Municipality%2C%20Tamaulipas

Victoria Municipality, Tamaulipas

Victoria Municipality is a municipality located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Its municipal seat is Ciudad Victoria. Municipal presidents References External links Gobierno Municipal de Victoria Official website Municipalities of Tamaulipas

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17168248

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie%20Bennett

Frankie Bennett

Frank Bennett (born 3 January 1969) is an English former professional football forward. Bennett played for Halesowen Town before joining Southampton in February 1993 for an initial fee of £10,000. He played 19 times, mainly as a substitute, and scored once against Chelsea, before joining Shrewsbury Town on loan in October 1996 and moved to Bristol Rovers the following month for a fee of £3,000. He joined Exeter City on non-contract terms in February 2000, but left to join Forest Green Rovers the following month. He was a part of the Forest Green side that reached the 2001 FA Trophy final after he scored in a 4-1 semi final win over Hereford United at Edgar Street. He moved to Aberystwyth Town and then followed manager Frank Gregan to Weston-super-Mare. He joined Bath City in June 2002. He struggled with injury and turned down a reduced deal in May 2004, joining Brislington in August 2004. Bennett has a wife named Michelle, a son, Joshua, and a daughter, Shanee. References External links Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) 1969 births Living people English men's footballers Men's association football forwards Premier League players Halesowen Town F.C. players Southampton F.C. players Shrewsbury Town F.C. players Bristol Rovers F.C. players Exeter City F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players Aberystwyth Town F.C. players Weston-super-Mare A.F.C. players Bath City F.C. players Brislington F.C. players Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands

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17168262

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagr%C3%A1n%2C%20Tamaulipas

Villagrán, Tamaulipas

Villagrán Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. External links Gobierno Municipal de Villagrán Official website Municipalities of Tamaulipas

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17168268

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr%20Polovkov

Oleksandr Polovkov

Oleksandr Polovkov (; born 4 October 1979, Sverdlovsk, Voroshylovhrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who played for different clubs in the Ukrainian Premier League. He last played for FC Shakhtar Sverdlovsk prior to the suspension of club activities due to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. On 8 August 2015 he played for LNR football team. References External links Official Website Profile Official FFU Website Profile 1979 births Living people People from Sverdlovsk Ukrainian men's footballers PFC Shakhtar Sverdlovsk players FC Stal Alchevsk players FC Stal-2 Alchevsk players FC Zorya Luhansk players Navbahor Namangan players Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan Men's association football defenders Footballers from Luhansk Oblast

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17168284

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Ouaadi

Mohamed Ouaadi

Mohamed Ouaadi (born 1 January 1969 in Tiznit, Morocco) is a retired French long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon. Achievements Personal bests 5000 metres - 13:44.8 minutes (1998) 10,000 metres - 28:33.59 minutes (2002) Half marathon - 1:02:29 hours (1998) Marathon - 2:07:55 hours (1999) External links 1969 births Living people French male long-distance runners French male marathon runners Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for France French people of Shilha descent Paris Marathon male winners People from Tiznit

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17168286

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Stinson

Albert Stinson

Albert Stinson (August 2, 1944 in Cleveland, Ohio – June 2, 1969) was an American jazz double-bassist. Stinson learned to play piano, trombone, and tuba before settling on bass at age 14. After his graduation from John Muir High School in Pasadena, California in 1962, he began playing professionally in the early 1960s in Los Angeles, working with Terry Gibbs, Frank Rosolino, Chico Hamilton, and Charles Lloyd (1965). Later in the decade he worked with Larry Coryell, John Handy (1967), Miles Davis, Bobby Hutcherson (1967), and Gerald Wilson's Los Angeles-based big band. His ebullient personality, bright tone, and aggressive attack all contributed to his being nicknamed "Sparky". Stinson died on tour of a drug overdose in 1969 at the age of 24. He never recorded as a leader but appears on Hamilton's Impulse! albums, Hutcherson's Blue Note album Oblique, and Handy's Koch Records album New View! He also appears on Clare Fischer's album Surging Ahead. Discography With Larry Coryell Coryell (Vanguard, 1969) With Clare Fischer Surging Ahead (Pacific Jazz, 1963) With Chico Hamilton Drumfusion (Columbia, 1962) Passin' Thru (Impulse!, 1962) A Different Journey (Reprise, 1963) Man from Two Worlds (Impulse!, 1963) Chic Chic Chico (Impulse!, 1965) El Chico (Impulse!, 1965) With John Handy New View (Columbia, 1967) With Bobby Hutcherson Oblique (Blue Note, 1967) With Charles Lloyd Of Course, of Course (Columbia, 1965) Nirvana (Columbia, 1965) With Joe Pass Catch Me! (Pacific Jazz, 1963) References [ Albert Stinson] at Allmusic 1944 births 1969 deaths American jazz double-bassists Male double-bassists Musicians from Cleveland Drug-related deaths in the United States 20th-century American musicians Musicians from Pasadena, California Jazz musicians from California Jazz musicians from Ohio 20th-century double-bassists 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians

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17168287

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xicot%C3%A9ncatl%2C%20Tamaulipas

Xicoténcatl, Tamaulipas

Xicoténcatl Municipality is a municipality located in the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. On March 15, 1751, it was founded as Escandon. On October 27, 1828, it was renamed Xicoténcatl. References External links Gobierno Municipal de Xicoténcatl Official website Municipalities of Tamaulipas Populated places established in 1751 1751 establishments in New Spain

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17168322

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troon%20railway%20station%20%28disambiguation%29

Troon railway station (disambiguation)

Troon railway station may refer to: Scotland Troon railway station (current) Troon (Harbour) railway station (closed) Troon railway station (1839-1892) (closed) Troon Goods railway station (closed) in Troon, South Ayrshire Belgium Trône/Troon metro station in Brussels See also Barassie railway station - serves Barassie, slightly north of Troon, Scotland Troon (disambiguation)

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17168362

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem%20Savin

Artem Savin

Artem Savin (; born 20 January 1981) is a Ukrainian former professional football defender. He was acquired from Zorya Luhansk in during the 2008–09 transfer season. External links Official Website Profile 1981 births Living people Ukrainian men's footballers Footballers from Luhansk FC Shakhtar Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-3 Donetsk players FC Metalurh Donetsk players FC Metalurh-2 Donetsk players FC Mariupol players FC Illichivets-2 Mariupol players FC Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih players FC Oleksandriya players FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Olimpik Donetsk players Ukrainian Premier League players Men's association football defenders Ukrainian football managers FSC Mariupol managers

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17168374

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight%20%282008%20film%29

Sight (2008 film)

Sight is a 2008 horror film written and directed by Adam Ahlbrandt. Plot Jeffrey leads a quiet existence. Living in constant fear of being labeled a psychopath, Jeffrey constructs a complex world of denial. He is haunted by the spirits of the vengeful dead, which he can see while no one else can. After meeting Dana, a beautiful young woman who shares his "sight", Jeffery finds comfort in knowing someone shares his affliction. However, his comfort is short lived as Dana suddenly goes missing and Jeffrey is left alone to find the answers. Cast Reception Bloody Disgusting gave Sight a 1½ out of 5, the website's primary criticisms of the film being the muddled plot, and the sound quality. A ½ was awarded by Steve Barton of Dread Central, who succinctly stated, "The only constructive thing I can say about this dark, dreary, time-consuming, black hole of a film is that it was less than an hour and a half long and had some okay sound design". DVD Talk's Justin Felix, who gave the film a 2½ out of 5, said, "Acting aside, Sight is ultimately a worthwhile low budget exercise in eerie mood and spectral scares, though I'm not sure it warrants repeat viewings". The film was deemed "slightly annoying" in a review for DVD Verdict written by David Johnson, who concluded his coverage of Sight with, "A well-acted horror film that relies too heavily on the jump scare and a twist ending that fails to wow, Sight probably isn't worth taking a look at". References External links 2008 films 2000s ghost films 2008 horror films American supernatural horror films 2008 direct-to-video films American independent films Direct-to-video horror films American direct-to-video films Films directed by Adam Ahlbrandt Films shot in Philadelphia 2008 directorial debut films 2000s supernatural horror films 2008 independent films American ghost films 2000s English-language films 2000s American films

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17168407

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadwallader%20Owen

Cadwallader Owen

Cadwallader Owen (c. 1562 – 1617) was a Welsh Church of England clergyman, debater and writer. Life Owen was from Maentwrog, Merioneth. He was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating on 24 November 1581. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1583 and Master of Arts degree in 1589. He was a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, from 1585 to no later than 1606, when he married Blanche Roberts. He was awarded a Bachelor of Divinity degree by the university in 1603. Owen was rector of Llanbrynmair, Merioneth from 1608 onwards. In addition to his clerical duties, he had a reputation for debating, taking the name "Sic doces". His written work is now lost. He died in 1617 and was buried in his parish on 6 April 1617. His son was Richard Owen, who was a prominent clergyman before and after the Restoration, holding positions in Eltham, St Swithin in London Stone, and North Cray. References 1560s births 1617 deaths Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford 17th-century Welsh Anglican priests 16th-century Welsh writers

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17168417

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20France

CIA activities in France

While the CIA cooperates with its French counterpart, the DGSE, the countries do collect information on one another, especially in the economic and scientific areas. 1937 French Connection Illegal heroin labs were first discovered near Marseille, France, in 1937. These labs were run by Corsican gang leader Paul Carbone. For years, the Corsican underworld had been involved in the manufacturing and trafficking of heroin, primarily to the United States. It was this heroin network that eventually became known as "the French Connection". The Corsican Gang was protected by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the SDECE after World War II in exchange for working to prevent French Communists from bringing the Old Port of Marseille under their control. 1950 Unconventional warfare preparation CIA forms the French branch of Operation Gladio. The CIA is suspected to have infiltrated the French Communist party and worked to support the growth of non-revolutionary communists within France to offset the Soviet influence on the more radical elements within the French Communist Party. The CIA is suspected to have been involved in supporting the student riots against Charles DeGaulle to retaliate against his withdrawal from NATO and his Francophile policies. "Charles De Gaulle undertook covert operations in Quebec using nationalist and separatist movements in Quebec, under the rubric of "Assistance et Cooperation Technique" or "Operation Ascot." Jacques Foccart dispatched SDECE agents to Quebec to develop and foment the growth of separatist movements." 1961 Admiral Pierre Lacoste stated that the CIA supported the French Gladio and the OAS right-wing extremist organization to attack Charles DeGaulle. 1992 Clandestine intelligence collection "According to the Director of Central Intelligence, Bob Gates, at least 20 nations from Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America are involved in intelligence activities that are detrimental to our economic interests. Some of the specific cases are shocking. According to a recent New York Times article by Peter Schweizer, `between 1987 and 1989, French intelligence planted moles in several U.S. companies, including IBM. In the fall of 1991, a French intelligence team attempted to steal `stealth' technology from Lockheed.' Other accounts report that French intelligence units conduct 10 to 15 break-ins every day at large hotels in Paris to copy documents that belong to businessmen, journalists, and diplomats. According to other accounts, the French have been hiding listening devices on Air France flights in order to pick up useful economic information from business travelers. 1993 Clandestine intelligence collection "In 1993, R. James Woolsey, then a new Director of Central Intelligence, publicly announced that economic intelligence focused on European corrupt practices and bribery was now a CIA program. French intelligence had been aggressively going after information from American executives. Woolsey said "No more Mr. Nice Guy." Shortly afterwards, the CIA Paris station had at least five officers working on understanding French national trade policy, and countering French economic espionage against the US. Four were under diplomatic and one under nonofficial cover. 1995 Clandestine intelligence collection The CIA Inspector General delivered a report on CIA clandestine service work on economic intelligence, which is likely to end the careers of several officers, including Paris station chief Dick Holm, European CS division chief Joseph DeTrani, and at least four case officers. France's Interior Minister, Charles Pasqua, revealed the problem in February 1995. The officer under nonofficial cover as a foundation representative made two errors in posing as a foundation representative: communicating too openly with the C.I.A. station and communing too secretly with her target, a French official. Mr. Holm, the station chief, found out about the love affair she was conducting with the official. It was clear that the romance could compromise the operation. Holm convinced his chief to continue the operation. The French, however, broke the usual agreement among Western services and announced what they had learned, expelling the embassy-based officer "incompatible with their diplomatic status.". Controversy flared over questions about whether spying on allies for economic data is a worthy pursuit for the CIA, even if the allies do it to the US, or if other missions have a higher priority. While there were tragicomic aspects, the issue of what espionage is tolerable among nominal allies remains complex, especially when involving clear security issues as with Jonathan Pollard. 2006 Rendition and clandestine intelligence collection The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and the League of Human Rights (LDH) filed a complaint urging the French Public Prosecutor to investigate the alleged use of French airports by secret CIA flights transporting terrorist suspects. References Politics of France France–United States relations CIA activities in Russia and Europe France

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17168437

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang%20Lingzan

Liang Lingzan

Liang Lingzan () was a Chinese artist, astronomer, inventor, mechanical engineer and politician of the Kaiyuan era during the Tang Dynasty. He invented a mechanized water clock with the Tantric monk and mathematician Yi Xing (). It was actually an astronomical instrument that served as a clock, made of bronze in the capital of Chang'an in the 720s. It was described by a contemporary text this way: [It] was made in the image of the round heavens and on it were shown the lunar mansions in their order, the equator and the degrees of the heavenly circumference. Water, flowing into scoops, turned a wheel automatically, rotating it one complete revolution in one day and night. Besides this, there were two rings fitted around the celestial sphere outside, having the sun and moon threaded on them, and these were made to move in circling orbit ... And they made a wooden casing the surface of which represented the horizon, since the instrument was half sunk in it. It permitted the exact determinations of the time of dawns and dusks, full and new moons, tarrying and hurrying. Moreover, there were two wooden jacks standing on the horizon surface, having one a bell and the other a drum in front of it, the bell being struck automatically to indicate the hours, and the drum being beaten automatically to indicate the quarters. All these motions were brought about by machinery within the casing, each depending on wheels and shafts, hooks, pins and interlocking rods, stopping devices and locks checking mutually. In addition to being an engineer and official, Lingzan was also a scholar and artist. He wrote The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities (), of which a Song Dynasty copy resides in the collection of the Osaka City Art Museum. References Year of birth missing Year of death missing 8th-century Chinese artists 8th-century Chinese astronomers 8th-century engineers 8th-century inventors Chinese inventors Chinese mechanical engineers Chinese scholars People from Southwest China Tang dynasty government officials

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17168440

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest%20Hits%20Live%20...%20Now%20and%20Forever

Greatest Hits Live ... Now and Forever

Greatest Hits Live ... Now and Forever is a live album by British-Australian soft rock duo Air Supply, released in 1995. It also contains two new studio recordings of previously released songs. The album was a massive success in Asia, where in Taiwan it topped the album charts for 16 weeks. It was recorded in Taipei, Taiwan, and later a DVD of the concert was released. The band played live with a 16-piece string section. Track listing "The Vanishing Race" (Russell, Sherwood) "Making Love Out of Nothing at All" (Steinman) – 5:46 "Chances" (Russell) – 3:46 "Lost in Love" (Russell) – 4:29 "Sweet Dreams" (Russell) – 7:14 "Someone" (Allison, Russell) – 5:45 "Always" (Allison, Russell, Sherwood) – 4:22 "Unchained Melody" (North, Zaret) – 3:48 "The One That You Love" (Russell) – 4:36 "Goodbye" (Foster, Thompson-Jenner) 4:03 "All Out of Love" (Davis, Russell) – 6:11 "I Can Wait Forever" (Foster, Russell) "Just Between the Lines" (Russell) "I Want to Give It All" (Russell) "Here I Am (Just When I Thought I Was Over You)" (Masser, Sallitt, Creed) "Don't Be Afraid" (Russell) "Without You" (Ham, Evans) "The Way I Feel" [Studio] (Allison, Russell) – 4:40 "Now and Forever" [Studio] (Russell) – 4:17 Personnel Russell Hitchcock – lead and backing vocals Graham Russell – lead and backing vocals, keyboards, guitars Guy Allison – acoustic piano, keyboards Clifford Rehrig – bass, backing vocals Mark T. Williams – drums, percussion, backing vocals Production Producer – Graham Russell Engineer and mixing – Alejandro Rodriguez Assistant engineer – Erich Gobel Design – Heather Porter References Air Supply albums 1995 live albums Warner Records live albums Albums produced by Graham Russell

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17168449

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ask%20Foy

Ask Foy

The Foy Information Desk, or the Foy Information Line, is a telephone and walk-in information service provided by Auburn University and hosted in the new Student Union building. The service has been in continuous operation since the 1950s. At one time, the service was available 24 hours a day, but is now available from 7 am to 11pmCentral Standard Time The Foy Information Desk service was initially designed as a resource for Auburn students who were looking for course information, grades, or campus services, but now accepts calls from the general public. The operators are Auburn University students, and the free service attempts to answer any question within reason asked by a caller or visitor about Auburn University. Auburn's Foy Information Desk service is one of the busiest information lines, receiving around 1000 calls each day. The service was featured on the Today Show on November 27, 2007. On October 10, 2014, an employee at the Foy Information Desk received a bomb threat from a caller. The building was evacuated while police searched for explosives, finding none. The call was traced back to a 15-year-old in Tennessee. External links Ask Foy Auburn University References Auburn University

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17168469

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20Italy

CIA activities in Italy

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been involved in Italian politics since the end of World War II. The CIA helped swing the 1948 general election in favor of the centrist Christian Democrats and would continue to intervene in Italian politics until at least the early 1960s. 1948 The 1948 general election was greatly influenced by the Cold War that was starting between the United States and the Soviet Union. The CIA has acknowledged giving $1 million to Italian centrist parties. The CIA has also been accused of publishing forged letters in order to discredit the leaders of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). The National Security Act of 1947, which made foreign covert operations possible, had been signed into law about six months earlier by the American President Harry S. Truman. "We had bags of money that we delivered to selected politicians, to defray their political expenses, their campaign expenses, for posters, for pamphlets," according to CIA operative F. Mark Wyatt. In order to influence the election, the U.S. agencies undertook a campaign of writing ten thousand letters, made numerous short-wave radio broadcasts and funded the publishing of books and articles, all of which warned the Italians of what was believed to be the consequences of a communist victory. Time magazine backed the campaign, featuring the Christian Democracy leader and Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi on its cover and in its lead story on 19 April 1948. Overall, the US funneled $10 million to $20 million into the country for specifically anti-PCI purposes. Additionally, millions of dollars from the Economic Cooperation Administration affiliated with the Marshall Plan were spent on anti-communist "information activities." The CIA claims that the PCI was being funded by the Soviet Union. According to Wyatt: "The Communist Party of Italy was funded ... by black bags of money directly out of the Soviet compound in Rome; and the Italian services were aware of this. As the elections approached, the amounts grew, and the estimates [are] that $8 million to $10 million a month actually went into the coffers of communism. Not necessarily completely to the party: Mr. Di Vittorio and labor was powerful, and certainly a lot went to him," according to the former CIA operative. Although the numbers are disputed, there is evidence of some financial aid, described as occasional and modest, from the Kremlin. PCI official Pietro Secchia and Stalin discussed financial support. The Christian Democrats eventually won the 1948 election with 48% of the vote, and the Popular Democratic Front (FDP) received 31%. The CIA's practice of influencing the political situation was repeated in every Italian election for at least the next 24 years. A leftist coalition would not win a general election for the next 48 years until 1996. That was partly because of Italians' traditional bent for conservatism and even more importantly the Cold War, with the U.S. closely watching Italy in their determination to maintain a vital NATO presence in the Mediterranean and retain the Yalta-agreed status quo of western Europe. Cold War The CIA provided an average of $5 million annually in covert aid to Italy from the late 1940s to the early 1960s. This aid went towards financially supporting centrist Italian governments and using the awarding of contracts to weaken the Italian Communist Party's hold on labor unions. 1990 Covert paramilitary action Italian government officials agree that a stay-behind network called Operation Gladio had been formed against the contingency of a Warsaw Pact invasion of Italy, but not terminated until 1990. It is disputed, however, if this network was involved in a series of "false flag" fascist terrorist actions in Italy that were blamed on the "Red Brigades" and other Left-wing political groups in an attempt to politically discredit the Italian Left wing. Venetian magistrate Felice Casson, while investigating a 1970s car bombing in Peteano, uncovered references to Gladio while searching through files at SISMI, the Italian intelligence service. Time magazine quoted Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti admitting Gladio existed due to the climate of the times and chided the opposition for "insinuating suspicions." He insisted that although Gladio had a military structure, "it had never been involved in terrorist activities." According to Charles Richard, reporting for The Independent, General Paolo Inzerilli, SISMI chief of staff, said the network was shut down in the previous week of November 1990. A parliamentary committee on intelligence, looking into the Gladio affair heard testimony from three former prime ministers: Amintore Fanfani, Ciriaco De Mita and Bettino Craxi. Richards said General Gerardo Serravalle, head of Gladio from 1971 to 1974, told a television reporter that he now thought the explosion aboard the plane Argo 16 on 23 November 1973 was probably the work of Gladio members who were refusing to hand over the weapons they had obtained from Gladio. Until then it was widely believed the sabotage was carried out by Mossad, the Israeli foreign secret service, in retaliation for the pro-Libyan Italian government's decision to expel, rather than try, five Arabs who had tried to blow up an Israeli air-liner. The Arabs had been spirited out of the country on board the Argo 16. The US state department has denied involvement in terrorism and stated that some of the claims have been influenced by an alleged Soviet forgery, US Army Field Manual 30-31B. 2003 Covert action and international law aspects The Abu Omar Case (or Imam Rapito affair - "Kidnapped Imam affair") refers to the abduction and transfer to Egypt of the Imam of Milan Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr, also known as Abu Omar. The legal issues of the case deal with extraordinary rendition carried out by the CIA in the context of the global war on terrorism. On 23 December 2005, a judge issued a European arrest warrant against 22 CIA agents for allegedly abducting an Egyptian terrorist suspect. On 22 January 2006, the Italian Foreign Minister forwarded to the US authorities a request for legal assistance. References Politics of Italy Italy–United States relations Italy Italy

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17168485

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Bound

Matthew Bound

Matthew Terence Bound (born 9 November 1972) is an English former football defender. Career statistics Honours Individual PFA Team of the Year: 1999–2000 Third Division References External links Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) 1972 births Living people English men's footballers Men's association football defenders Premier League players Southampton F.C. players Hull City A.F.C. players Stockport County F.C. players Lincoln City F.C. players Swansea City A.F.C. players Oxford United F.C. players Weymouth F.C. players Eastleigh F.C. players English Football League players People from Melksham Footballers from Wiltshire

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17168498

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom

CIA activities in the United Kingdom

There is a long history of close cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom intelligence services; see Clandestine HUMINT and Covert Action for World War II and subsequent relationships. There are permanent liaison officers of each country in major intelligence agencies of the other, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Secret Intelligence Service ("MI6") (which is the British counterpart of the CIA), FBI and the Security Service (MI5), and National Security Agency (NSA) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). From 1943 to 2017, the Open Source Enterprise, a division of the CIA, was run out of Caversham Park in Reading, Berkshire. American officials worked closely with their British counterparts to monitor foreign TV and radio broadcasts, as well as online information. Oleg Penkovsky, a Soviet military intelligence colonel, who was a defector in place, was a joint US-UK espionage operation. Much of Penkovsky's product is available online at the CIA FOIA Reading Room under the code name IRONBARK. A major source of tension between the two countries was Kim Philby, a senior UK SIS officer who was a Soviet agent. Philby, at one point, was the SIS liaison officer resident in the US. James Jesus Angleton, head of CIA counterintelligence, was surprised by Philby's activity, and, as a consequence, began hunts for moles within CIA. In January 2014, newly released documents revealed that Margaret Thatcher had been warned while she was Prime Minister that the CIA did not always give sufficient notice in advance when it carried out operations in the UK. In 1984, Paddy Ashdown, who later became leader of the Liberal Democrats, raised fears about clandestine approaches made by CIA agents, but his allegations were dismissed by Thatcher. Labour Party Harold Wilson During the 1960s and 1970s, MI5 and the CIA's chief of counterintelligence, James Jesus Angleton, spied on Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson because elements in those agencies claimed that Wilson was a Soviet agent or a blackmail risk. As Peter Wright confirmed in his book Spycatcher, Wilson was the victim of a protracted, illegal campaign of destabilisation by a rogue element in the security services. Prompted by CIA fears that Wilson was a Soviet agent - put in place after the KGB had, the spooks believed, poisoned Hugh Gaitskell, the previous Labour leader - these MI5 men burgled the homes of the prime minister's aides, bugged their phones and spread black, anti-Wilson propaganda throughout the media. They tried to pin all kinds of nonsense on him: that his devoted political secretary, Marcia Williams, posed a threat to national security; that he was a closet IRA sympathiser. – The Guardian (2006) 1983 general election A series of CIA memos were released in January 2017 after a legal case by MuckRock, which promotes freedom of information. One memo was dated May 1983, shortly before the UK general election, and stated that the CIA was concerned about certain figures in the Labour Party, such as then-leader Michael Foot and deputy leader, Denis Healey, accusing them of "aping anti-American rhetoric". Titled "The British Labor Party: Caught Between Ideology and Reality", it cited Labour's then-commitment to trade "protectionism," withdrawal from the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and the dismantling of its Trident nuclear programme. Consequently, "a majority government headed by Labor [sic] would pose the most serious threat to US interests." The Labour Party "roundly criticizes US policy in the Third World, particularly in Latin America, and calls for ... improv[ing] relations with other socialist regimes." Jeremy Corbyn Jeremy Corbyn, who became a Labour MP in 1983 and was later elected leader of the party in 2015, was the subject of CIA interest due to his visit to Grenada in 1979. [In 1984], Corbyn had come to the attention of the CIA as a Labour MP (for Islington North). He was critical of the U.S. invasion of Grenada, which had taken place in the previous year. In 1979, says the Spectator, Corbyn "went to Grenada with dignitaries of the Islington race relations and feminist industry, to see and admire the Revolution." Corbyn participated in a fact-finding mission, which claimed that most Grenadian working class people supported the revolution. In 1983, the US invaded to restore a political system favourable to its elite interests. A year later, the CIA noted the publication of a book written about the revolution in which, it says, the findings of Corbyn are quoted. The CIA also kept tabs on Corbyn because of his support for the Salvadorian union, FENASTRAS. Notably, in a 1986 memo detailing FENASTRAS' conference in San Salvador, Corbyn's name was mentioned explicitly, whilst other foreign "union members" were not named. In a letter inviting certain U.S. labor leaders to attend FENASTRAS' November 13-15 congress in San Salvador, [trade unionist Francisco] Acosta called FENASTRAS "democratic" in spite of its guerrilla and WFTU connections. British Labor M.P. Jeremy Corbyn and French, Australian, and Swiss union members also lent their names to [a FENASTRAS newspaper ad]. British Pakistanis In February 2009, journalist Tim Shipman revealed in The Spectator that the CIA was "running its own agent networks on an unprecedented scale in the British Pakistani community." A British security source told me that somewhere between 40 and 60 per cent of CIA activity designed to prevent a new terrorist spectacular on American soil is now directed at targets in the UK. This is a quite staggering number. I ran the figure by several former CIA officers in the US, all of whom still have close links with the intelligence community. The consensus was that the 40 per cent figure is about right. 'If you're talking about total global operations, that would be an exaggeration,' one national security official said. 'If you're talking about operations to deal with threats against the US homeland, that's the ball park.' This has caused some tensions in what my old tutor Dr Chris Andrew, now the official historian of MI5, calls 'the most special part of the special relationship'. A former CIA officer who still does freelance work for the agency, said: 'Britain is an Islamist swamp. You don't want to have to spend time spying on your friends.' As far as our closest ally is concerned, Britain is not part of the problem, Britain is the problem. Bruce Riedel, a former CIA officer and Middle East expert on the NSC for three presidents, who has just been appointed to head Barack Obama's overhaul of Afghan strategy, told me: 'The 800,000 or so British citizens of Pakistani origin are regarded by the American intelligence community as perhaps the single biggest threat environment that they have to worry about.' In February 2019, the Intelligence and Security Committee unearthed a number of examples of GCHQ's intelligence being used to locate and detain terrorism suspects who were subsequently rendered and tortured during the 2000s as part of the War on Terror. The committee also found that GCHQ provided intelligence to assist the interrogation of terrorism suspects held at CIA black sites. National Endowment for Democracy In January 2022, former CIA agent-turned whistleblower, John Kiriakou revealed that the National Endowment for Democracy—a non-profit corporation created in the 1980s by President Ronald Reagan and funded by the United States Congress—had funnelled millions of dollars into British independent media groups since 2016. These include investigative outlets such as Bellingcat, Finance Uncovered and openDemocracy, as well as media freedom and training organisations like Index on Censorship, Article 19, the Media Legal Defence Initiative, and the Thomson Reuters Foundation. In 2011, the US Congress changed the law that forbade the Executive Branch from propagandizing the American people or nationals of the other 'Five Eyes' countries—the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. The National Endowment for Democracy, like Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, countless Washington-area 'think tanks', and Radio/TV Martí, are the vehicles for that propaganda", referring to the US broadcaster that transmits to Cuba. Kiriakou continued: "And what better way to spread that propaganda than to funnel money to 'friendly' outlets in 'friendly countries'? The CIA's propaganda efforts throughout history have been shameless. But now that they're not legally relegated to just Russia and China, the whole world is a target." – Declassified UK See also 1953 Iranian coup d'état Inter-Services Intelligence activities in the United Kingdom References Politics of the United Kingdom United Kingdom–United States relations United Kingdom United Kingdom

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17168519

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradeplatz

Paradeplatz

Paradeplatz is a square on Bahnhofstrasse in downtown Zürich, Switzerland. It is one of the most expensive pieces of real estate in Switzerland and has become synonymous with wealth and the Swiss banks, being the location of the headquarters of both UBS and Credit Suisse. It is surrounded by four blocks of buildings. The site of the square lay outwith the medieval city walls, and was incorporated into the town with the construction of the new ramparts in 1642. During the 17th century, it served as a livestock market, known as Säumärt ("pig market"), renamed to Neumarkt ("new market") in 1819 and finally to its current name following the construction of Bahnhofstrasse (1865). Paradeplatz is one of the main nodal points of the Zürich tram network, and the stop is served by lines 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13 and 17. Paradeplatz was the scene of clashes between insurgents and cantonal troops during the 1839 Züriputsch. The first horse-drawn trams circulated in 1882 and were electrified in 1896. Constituent buildings In the block to the north, which is bounded by Talacker to the west, Bahnhofstrasse to the east and Paradeplatz to the south, is the home of Credit Suisse, amongst other businesses. The building, formerly known as the Kreditanstalt building, dates to 1873. The Lichthof shopping mall is at the eastern corner of the building. The hotel Baur en Ville, on the eastern end of the square, opened in 1838. Also in this block is the Blancpain watch store and the Harry Winston jewellery store. This block is bounded by Züghusplatz to the north and Poststrasse to the south. The Confiserie Sprüngli, in the southern block, opened in 1859. It is bounded by Paradeplatz to the north, Bahnhofstrasse to the east and Bleicherweg to the west. The UBS (formerly Bankverein) building on the western side dates to 1897–1899. It is bounded by Talacker to the north, Paradeplatz to the east and Bleicherweg to the south. Panoramic view Gallery References External links Squares in Zürich Altstadt (Zürich) Financial districts

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17168526

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy%20Havryushov

Andriy Havryushov

Andriy Havryushov (born 24 September 1977) is a Ukrainian former professional football defender. External links 1977 births Living people Ukrainian men's footballers FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Metalurh Donetsk players FC Nyva Vinnytsia players Men's association football defenders FC Metalurh Novomoskovsk players FC Oleksandriya players FC Stal Alchevsk players

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17168548

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African%20Cemetery%20No.%202%20%28Lexington%2C%20Kentucky%29

African Cemetery No. 2 (Lexington, Kentucky)

African Cemetery No. 2, also known as The Cemetery of the Union Benevolent Society No. 2, is a historic burial site located in Lexington, Kentucky, United States. Founding and history The first burials occurred on the property as early as the 1820s. The Colored Peoples Union Benevolent Society No. 2 purchased the property for use as a cemetery in 1869. The last burials in the cemetery took place in 1974. In 1889, 300 bodies were moved from the Presbyterian Cemetery on Limestone Street to African Cemetery No. 2 under the supervision of C. O. H. Thomas. In 1973, Lexington city government took control of the cemetery. In 1979, the African Cemetery No. 2, Incorporated was organized to save the cemetery. In June 2003, a Kentucky Historical Highway Marker was placed on the site. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 31, 2004. Burials The 7.7 acre (3.1 ha) cemetery contains over 5,000 graves, of which 1,200 are identified with less than 600 being recognized with markers. Military veterans graves total 148, with 112 being U.S. Colored Troops of the American Civil War. About 80 of those veterans trained at nearby Camp Nelson, a Union supply depot and recruitment site. Of Kentucky’s almost 24,000 U.S. Colored Troops, 10,000 trained at Camp Nelson. In addition to Kentucky, states represented among civil war veterans are New York, Massachusetts, Arkansas, and Tennessee. Since 2005, Juneteenth Jubilee has been celebrated annually honoring Civil War veterans. An American flag is placed on each grave and every name is read aloud. Veterans are also interred from the Buffalo Soldiers/Spanish-American War, 12; World War I, 18; and World War II, 4. Clarence Espy was one of the soldiers who served with the 369th Infantry, the regiment which became known as the "Harlem Hell Fighters". Espy, a native of Lexington, was awarded the Croix de Guerre, France's highest military honor. R. C. O. Benjamin, a journalist and an attorney, was murdered on October 2, 1900, during an altercation involving voting rights for African Americans. In 1910, a monument was dedicated at his grave site. Over 150 graves are of those who worked in the equine occupations-trainers, jockeys, foremen, stablehands, and grooms. The range of birthdates, 1842 to 1897, and the dates of death, 1890 to 1932, indicate the prominence of African-Americans in a thriving horse and racing industry. Birthdates before 1866, show the likelihood that eight people were born enslaved. Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame jockey, Isaac Burns Murphy, born 1861, was originally buried in African Cemetery No. 2. Murphy, the first jockey to win three Kentucky Derbys, died February 12, 1896, of pneumonia. In 1967, his remains were moved to the Man o' War gravesite off Russell Cave Road, and were moved again in 1987 to the Kentucky Horse Park. The International Museum of the Horse, located at the Kentucky Horse Park, is collaborating with cemetery volunteers in creation of the Chronicle of African-Americans in the Horse Industry. This interactive educational website tells story of African-Americans and the role they played, and still play, in the horse industry. The museum also has a permanent exhibit, Black Horsemen of the Kentucky Turf, to celebrate the forgotten contributions of African Americans to the horse industry in Kentucky. Some of those featured in the exhibit are interred at the cemetery. A documentary created by the cemetery’s volunteer organization in conjunction with the Lexington Public Library is available at this link. A cemetery map which notes individuals and sections is available here. Restoration On April 4, 2002, volunteers from Canine Solutions International searched, mapped, and studied the physical grounds of the cemetery. The approach to preserving the cemetery grave stones was the subject of a paper by M. Riegerta and A. Turkington. The paper published in Building and Environment discusses the "scientific knowledge of decay processes with conservation theory and the needs of stakeholders". See also African American history Lexington in the American Civil War National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Kentucky Camp Nelson Heritage National Monument List of cemeteries in Kentucky References Notes External links African Cemetery No. 2 web site 1869 establishments in Kentucky African-American cemeteries in Kentucky African-American history of Kentucky Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky National Register of Historic Places in Lexington, Kentucky

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17168582

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ%20Book%20Month

NZ Book Month

NZ Book Month was a non-profit initiative started in 2006, with the goal of increasing readership of New Zealand books. It was a nationwide annual event held in September from 2006 to 2008, in October 2009, March from 2010 to 2013, and August 2014. Activities included speeches by local and international authors, literary and poetry readings, exhibitions, book launches, festivals, children's storytelling, blogging, quizzes, and the distribution of book vouchers. The event ended in 2015 because of a lack of funding. The Six Pack From 2006 to 2008, NZ Book Month ran a national competition calling for any New Zealand writer – published or unpublished – to submit their best piece of new writing (fiction, non-fiction, essay or poetry) for inclusion in The Six Pack; a collectable book that saw the six best pieces of work put together in an annual anthology. Each winner also received $5,000. Five of the winning entries were chosen by a panel of judges and the sixth winner was chosen by New Zealand readers in an online poll. The Six Pack retailed for 6 and thousands of copies were distributed free to libraries and schools all over the country. Winners The 2006 winners were: Brian Turner, poet. Briar Grace-Smith, playwright. Kingi McKinnon. Philippa Swan, landscape artist and journalist. Henry Feltham. Phoebe Wright, high school student. The 2007 winners were: Dave Armstrong, scriptwriter and 2008 writer in residence at Victoria University of Wellington. Charlotte Grimshaw, shortlisted for the 2008 Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award. Jennifer Lane. Faith Oxenbridge. Tracey Slaughter, emerging novelist and poet. Elizabeth Smither, poet, novelist and former Te Mata Estate Poet Laureate. References External links Official New Zealand Book Month website, as archived on 19 January 2019 New Zealand literary awards 2006 establishments in New Zealand 2015 disestablishments in New Zealand Literary festivals in New Zealand

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17168602

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20T.2

Hitachi T.2

The Hitachi T.2 was a trainer aircraft built in Japan in the early 1940s. It was a conventional, single-bay sesquiplane with wings braced by N-struts. The pilot and instructor sat in tandem, open cockpits, and the undercarriage was of fixed, tailskid type. Specifications References 1940s Japanese civil trainer aircraft Sesquiplanes

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17168610

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20Hungary

CIA activities in Hungary

CIA involvement in Hungary from 1950-1957 and again in 1989 consisted of clandestine intelligence collection, gray psychological operations, and counterintelligence activities. As noted in the book Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, an organization called Radio Free Europe (RFE), was funded at the time by the CIA to broadcast Hungary from at least from 1950 to 1956. However, RFE operated on no directives to foment revolution. Gray psychological operations Hungary 1956 Clandestine intelligence collection CIA had one officer, Geza Katona, in Hungary from 1950 to 1957 period, and for several years that person spent "95 percent" of his time on "cover duties." "He mailed letters, purchased stamps and stationery ...," among other "support tasks," the history noted. At the time of the Revolution in fall 1956, he was preoccupied with official contacts, maintaining diplomatic cover, and doing interviews with Hungarian visitors. CIA was completely surprised by the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. A CIA Clandestine Service (CS) report of the events, written in 1958, said "This breath-taking and undreamed-of state of affairs not only caught many Hungarians off-guard, it also caught us off-guard, for which we can hardly be blamed since we had no inside information, little outside information, and could not read the Russians' minds." After the revolt broke out, Katona asked for policy guidance regarding arms and ammunition. On October 28, Headquarters responded, "we must restrict ourselves to information collection only [and] not get involved in anything that would reveal U.S. interest or give cause to claim intervention...it was not permitted to send U.S. weapons in." In fact, the implication in the histories is that transferring arms was never seriously contemplated: "At this date no one had checked precisely on the exact location and nature of U.S. or other weapons available to CIA. This was done finally in early December" of 1956. Did a US-sponsored group play a part in the revolution? From the CS Histories, they did not. "Small psychological warfare and paramilitary units came into being in the early 1950s, (including the Hungarian National Council headed by Bela Varga), and occasional reconnaissance missions took place at that time, the prospects for penetrating into Hungary deteriorated by 1953 when stepped up controls by Hungarian security forces and `the meager talent available' among potential agents made cross-border operations essentially untenable." CS historians observe "The authors sarcastically write that `If we [the CIA] were in no position to act efficiently... the military is, was, and always will be even worse off.' ... in the future the CIA [should] keep the military `at arm's length' and only do what's necessary `to keep them happy.'" "Moscow was also taken by surprise by the Revolution despite the thousands of Soviet soldiers, KGB officers, and Party informants present in Hungary. Rather than understanding the sources of the discontent, it was easier for Soviet operatives and even the leadership to cast woefully misdirected blame on the CIA for the unrest. Kliment Voroshilov remarked at the October 28 Presidium session: `The American Secret Services are more active in Hungary than Comrades Suslov and Mikoyan are,' referring to the two Party leaders sent to Budapest to negotiate a modus vivendi with the new Nagy government. At that moment, the two Soviet Presidium had more active members in Budapest outnumbering the single CIA case officer there." After a few days of independence, the Soviet Union moved in with massive force, crushed the revolution, and later executed the Communist but rebel head of government, Imre Nagy, and the head of the military, Pal Maleter. Gray psychological operations In contradiction to the above account, Weiner's book asserts that during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 There was a massive increase in CIA-controlled Radio Free Europe broadcasts directed toward Hungary, supporting the revolutionaries, encouraging violent resistance against the occupying Soviet troops. Radio Free Europe attacked Imre Nagy, the head of the National Government brought to power by the revolution, as a Soviet ally and favored Cardinal József Mindszenty as the new leader of Hungary. The CIA amplified and rebroadcast low-wattage radio transmissions from Hungarian fighters back into Hungary. The CIA disputes this account, stating in a review of Weiner's book that "There is sloppy scholarship at the very least in the recounting of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, which in Weiner’s hands becomes a tragicomedy, with Frank Wisner ordering Radio Free Europe (RFE) to incite violence against the communist regime and against invading Soviet troops—only to see the uprising crushed. One of Weiner’s major sources for his assertion of CIA’s culpability is an RFE New York memo, allegedly the result of Wisner’s “exhortations” to violence, telling the radio’s Hungarian staff in Munich that “All restraints have gone off. No holds barred.” It’s a significant problem for Weiner’s thesis that Wisner in 1956 actually had no direct involvement in RFE and that the memo was produced after the uprising was effectively over and dealt with rhetoric, not violence. "Weiner also points to an RFE broadcast that predicted the United States would come to the aid of Hungarian freedom fighters, without acknowledging that the broadcaster was doing a press review after the Soviet invasion and was quoting—by name—a London Observer editorial, and that even so this was a violation of RFE policy, or that this was the sole example of an implicit hint of assistance in two weeks of continuous broadcasting to Hungary. The idea that RFE was fomenting violence at the behest of Frank Wisner is not supported either by Weiner’s sources or by other sources he failed to cite." Hungary 1989 Counterintelligence Edward Lee Howard, one of the most damaging CIA defectors, was expelled from Hungary at US request. Howard, a fugitive from the FBI, was expelled over protests by the KGB. "We asked them to expel him and they did it," said a United States official. "There was no quid pro quo." Director of Central Intelligence William Webster said, in a speech at the National Press Club about changes in relations between the US and Eastern Europe, "I can think of one instance, and I'll not mention a name because it may be classified, in which a prominent defector from the United States was finally permanently expelled from a bloc country which had provided him comfort and sanctuary. And that would have been contrary to the wishes of the K.G.B. So we are seeing some indications of independence." References Politics of Hungary Hungary Hungary–United States relations Hungary

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17168623

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caama%C3%B1o%20Sound

Caamaño Sound

Caamaño Sound () is a sound on the coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It extends east from Hecate Strait. Princess Royal Island, Rennison Island, and Aristazabal Island lie to the south of the sound. Several islands lie to the north, including Campania Island and the Estevan Group of islands. Caamaño Sound connects with various waterways including Estevan Sound, Campania Sound, Nepean Sound and Laredo Channel. Caamaño Sound was named in 1908 by Captain Learmonth of HMS Egeria, for Jacinto Caamaño, who explored the region in command of the Spanish corvette Aranzazu. See also Caamaño Passage, another body of water in British Columbia that is named for Jacinto Caamaño References Sounds of British Columbia North Coast of British Columbia

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17168640

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA%20activities%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union

CIA activities in the Soviet Union

With Europe stabilizing along the Iron Curtain, the CIA attempted to limit the spread of Soviet influence elsewhere around the world. Much of the basic model came from George Kennan's "containment" strategy from 1947, a foundation of US policy for decades. Soviet Union 1950 Intelligence analysis In December 1950, with the Korean War in progress, National Intelligence Estimate 15 was issued: "Probable Soviet Moves to Exploit the Present Situation". It began with the estimate that "USSR-Satellite treatment of Korean developments, k, indicates that they assess their current military and political position as one of great strength in comparison with that of the West, and that they propose to exploit the apparent conviction of the West of its own present weakness." At this time, there was no assumption that China and the USSR would differ on any policy "Moscow, seconded by Peiping with regard to the Far East, has disclosed through a series of authoritative statements that it aims to achieve certain gains in the present situation: a. Withdrawal of UN forces from Korea and of the Seventh Fleet from Formosan waters. b. Establishment of Communist China as the predominant power in the Far East, including the seating of Communist China in the United Nations. c.Reduction of Western control over Japan as a step toward its eventual elimination. d. Prevention of West German rearmament. It can be anticipated that irrespective of any Western moves looking toward negotiations, assuming virtual Western surrender is not involved, the Kremlin plans a continuation of Chinese Communist pressure in Korea until the military defeat of the UN is complete. A determined and successful stand by UN forces in Korea would, of course, require a Soviet re-estimate of the situation. Such a stand did take place, and the war ended in a stalemate. The scope of Soviet bloc preparations and the nature and extent of Soviet Communist official statements and propaganda raise the' question of Soviet or Satellite moves in other areas. The points that appear most critical are Berlin and Germany, Indochina, Yugoslavia, and Iran. Regarding what was to become Vietnam: An intensification of Communist efforts to secure Indochina is to be expected, regardless of development elsewhere. The Viet Minh has clearly indicated that its objective is to drive the French from Indochina at the earliest possible date. The Chinese Communists have at the same time repeatedly expressed their support of the Viet Minh. They have, moreover, officially claimed that Western resistance to the Viet Mmli is directed against Chinese Communist security. The Chinese Communists are already furnishing the Viet Minh with material, training, and technical assistance. If this assistance proves inadequate to enable the Viet Minh to accomplish its objectives, it is estimated that it will be supplemented, as necessary, by the introduction of Chinese Communist forces into the conflict, possibly as "volunteers." The extent of this Chinese Communist intervention, and whether it takes overt form, will probably depend on the degree of outside assistance furnished the French and the extent of Chinese Communist commitments elsewhere. Soviet Union 1952 In operation HTLINGUAL, the CIA intercepts mail from the U.S. to the Soviet Union, from 1952 to 1973. See also Family Jewels (Central Intelligence Agency). Soviet Union 1953 Intelligence analysis A March 1953 report on what was known about the Soviet bloc bluntly said that the level of confidence ranged greatly; some things were known with firmness and accuracy, while other information ranged from inadequate to nonexistent. In particular, "We have no reliable inside intelligence on the thinking inside the Kremlin." Balancing this was high confidence on the information about the Soviet Navy. Current intelligence, supporting military operations in Korea was considered excellent. There was reasonable confidence in knowing the size of the Soviet fission bomb inventory, but much less confidence about estimates of the biological and chemical warfare capabilities. The report observed, however, that a good deal of information could be derived from knowledge of Soviet science in disciplines that supported biological and chemical warfare. Concern was expressed about knowledge of their progress of their thermonuclear weapon development program Joe-4, their first test, took place in August of the same year and their rate of uranium 235 production. While the CIA was confident on its knowledge of Soviet electronic warfare capabilities, there were gaps in the knowledge about the electronic order of battle in the Soviet air defense network. Information on missiles was also weak, and some was simply extrapolation of German technology the Soviets were known to have captured. As far as economic intelligence, the highest confidence was in basic industry output, as with metals, petroleum and transportation. It was observed that Soviet official announcements in these areas tended to be true. Data on agriculture and highly technical industries was weak. With respect to parts of the Soviet Bloc, the information on East Germany was thought best, fair on Poland, and worst on China. Military intelligence was good on land and sea forces, but there were gaps in coverage of air capabilities. Knowledge of their strategic intentions was "practically nonexistent", and not thought likely to improve. Soviet Union 1954 Intelligence analysis While the 1953 survey said that there was little knowledge about thinking inside the Kremlin, a 1954 NIE on soviet strategy stated substantial confidence in the stability of the Soviet government under its new leadership Joseph Stalin had died in March 1953. China was described as more of an ally than a satellite. Economic growth was seen to be slowing, with agriculture the weakest component. The overall size of the military was expected to stay the same, but to improve in efficiency with greater numbers of nuclear weapons, missiles, and jet aircraft. The level of training, especially for strategic mobility, was considered weak. It was expected that both the Soviets and Chinese would avoid general war, unless critical interests were at stake. They will, however, put great emphasis on weakening and destabilizing non-Communist nations, and reducing those states' commitment to the West. Slowing German and Japanese rearmament is a priority, while they rearm the satellites. They will consider supporting anticolonialist and nationalist movements. The Intelligence Community believes their area of greatest interest will be Southeast Asia, although they probably will not insert Chinese Communist regular troops. Covert action The US considered Guatemala, and the coup there, an important proxy engagement with the Soviet Union. CIA has declassified 5210 documents on Guatemala, which will need considerable analysis to understand how it fitted with the Cold War. Gen. James Doolittle did an extensive report on covert actions, specifically for President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The report's first recommendation dealt with personnel. It recommended releasing a large number of current staff that could never be more than mediocre, aggressively recruit new staff with an overall goal of increasing the workforce, and intensify training, with 10% of the covert staff time spent in training. The Director should be nonpolitical. Counterintelligence Security was the next concern, starting with a drive to reduce interim and provisional security clearances. The report strongly endorsed use of the polygraph both for initial recruits and existing staff. Counterespionage needed to be strengthened, and field stations needed both to report on their staff and periodically be inspected. Consolidating the Washington workforce, which was scattered among buildings, into one or a few main buildings was seen as a way of improving the security of classified information. Management, coordination and oversight Coordination in the intelligence community was seen as a problem, with one of the highest priorities being establishing clear understandings between CIA and military intelligence organizations. The overall IC program for eliciting information from defectors needed improvement, with contributions from multiple agencies. In general, information sharing in the IC needed to improve. As far as organization and management, the report described the structure of the Directorate of Plans (i.e., the clandestine service) as too complex and in need of simplification. The Inspector General needed an agency-wide mandate. The role of the Operations Coordinating Board, the covert and clandestine oversight staff of the National Security Council needed to be strengthened, with operations clearly approved and guided from the highest levels of government. The report addressed the classic problem of increasing performance while reducing costs. This meant better review of the budgets of covert and clandestine activities by a Review Board, except for the most sensitive operations. It meant providing the Comptroller with enough information, even if sanitized, to do a thorough job. Soviet Union 1956 Clandestine intelligence collection The Soviets put down a revolution in Hungary, using considerable force. There was one CIA case officer in Hungary, which greatly limited collection capability. The U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft, codenamed AQUATONE, began overflights of the Soviet Union. Soviet Union 1958 Intelligence estimate Following the Hungarian Revolution in 1956, the USSR put increased pressure on its satellite countries, and made it clear to the West that it did not want interference. This 1958 estimate by the IC, under CIA, explored the US understanding of the Soviet policy and actions. Soviet Union 1959 Clandestine intelligence collection GRU officer Dmitri Polyakov walked in to offer his services to the US. He transmitted information to the US until his retirement, as a Soviet general in 1980, although he was compromised in 1986, probably by Aldrich Ames, and executed in 1988. Intelligence estimation and clandestine collection A November 1959 NIE, with the benefit of U-2 imagery, identified Soviet ground-to-ground missile capabilities from 75 nmi to intercontinental range. The ICBM, with a CEP of 3 nmi, was expected to reach operational status in January 1960. Soviet Union 1960 Covert action 1960 (history) On the covert action front, a 1969 memorandum requesting 303 committee support of a covert action program against the Soviet Union. It is first mentioned here because it gives historical background of earlier activities A request for additional funding for covert action, written in 1969 (see below), reviewed prior covert action in the Soviet Union. In accordance with a previous authorization, NSC 5502/1, as revalidated on 10 November 1960, CIA sponsors a covert action program which supports media3 and contact activities aimed at stimulating and sustaining pressures for liberalization and evolutionary change from within the Soviet Union. 1960 U-2 incident (clandestine intelligence collection) On May 1, 1960, a U-2 reconnaissance aircraft, operated by the CIA was shot down over the USSR, and its pilot, Francis Gary Powers, captured. At first, the CIA claimed it was a lost weather plane. In speaking with President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Director of Central Intelligence Allen W. Dulles said that Powers, the U-2 pilot, had been with CIA four years and before that had been with the Air Force for six years. He had been selected for this mission because of his knowledge of Arctic navigation. The President said that when reconnaissance over-flights had been explained to him, he had been told that the pilots on such flights were taught to destroy the plane rather than to let it fall into Soviet hands. The President believed that the blunder of our first statement...[assumed] the plane was destroyed, Accordingly, we thought the story that a NASA weather reconnaissance plane was missing was a good cover story. Later in May, the President met with Congressional leaders. During that breakfast discussion, he said, that intelligence and espionage were distasteful for many Americans, but that he as President ... had to make decisions based on what was right for the United States concerning the fundamental intelligence knowledge that we had to have...Nevertheless, the President has to accept responsibility for these decisions and also keep the knowledge of such activities in the fewest possible hands. Only a few people in State, Defense and CIA knew of this... The President said that he was responsible for the directive for the U-2... "There is no glory in this business," he said. "If it is successful, it can't be told." Eisenhower expressed concern that Congress "would try to dig into the interior of the CIA and its covert operation. Such attempt would be harmful to the United States and he was sure that the leaders of the Congress would realize this. He repeated that the Administration people would cooperate with the inquiry--he called it "investigation" several times. Senator Mike Mansfield asked "What would the President think if there were to be established in the Congress a joint Congressional Committee which would oversee the activities of the CIA?" Eisenhower objected that the operation of the CIA was so delicate and so secret in many cases that it must be kept under cover, and that the Executive must be held responsible for it. He said that he would agree to some bipartisan group going down occasionally and receiving reports from the CIA on their activities, but that he would hate to see it formalized--indeed would be against the proposal made by Senator Mansfield. Senator Richard B. Russell "said that they do have a Congressional group that periodically went over reports. He said that they knew the U-2 planes were under construction a long time ago. The Senator added that he was not afraid of the Senators on security matters but that he was afraid of staff leaks." Charles E. Bohlen, special assistant to Secretary of State John Foster Dulles asked Menshikov about Soviet policy toward Cuba, with the response "he had said to Senator Fulbright that Senator Johnson's statement about a submarine base was completely out of this world and provocative; the Soviet Union had no intention of establishing bases or any military arrangements in Cuba." Soviet Union 1967 In Operation Acoustic Kitty, the CIA attempted to eavesdrop on men in a park outside the Soviet embassy in Washington with a $20,000,000 cat. The fate of the cat remains disputed. Soviet Union 1969 Authorization of covert action A request for additional funding for covert action reviewed prior covert action in the Soviet Union. It asked for 303 Committee approval of continuation of the covert action program "directed primarily at the Soviet intelligentsia and reaffirm the approval it has given in the past to the program generally and the individual projects specifically." The proposal mentioned "the program supports media and contact activities aimed at stimulating and sustaining pressures for liberalization and evolutionary change from within the Soviet Union." Media activities were approved separately, and executed by Radio Liberty Committee and Free Europe, Inc., were approved by higher authority on 22 February 1969 and outside this request's scope. The Radio Liberty Committee, successor organization to the American Committee for Liberation from Bolshevism, is composed of three major divisions: Radio Liberty which broadcasts via short wave to the Soviet Union 24 hours a day in 18 languages a book publication and distribution program designed to provide Soviet citizens with books not normally accessible to the Soviet public; [material not declassified] which produces research papers and publications targeted at the developing countries in Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. [material not declassified] The total cost of this program is $766,000. The program as a whole was discussed with and endorsed by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Swank and Soviet Union Country Director Dubs on 21 October and 6 November 1969. The individual projects had been approved by the 303 Committee in 1967 and 1968. An alternative approach was stated Soviet Union 1974 Project Azorian (previously believed to be code named Jennifer (clandestine intelligence collection)) Project Azorian was a clandestine technical collection operation to salvage the sunken Russian sub K-129. The purpose built ship, the Glomar Explorer, employed a custom designed "capture vehicle" to grasp the submarine. During the subsequent lift to the surface, the submarine broke apart due to a failure in the capture vehicle arms. The hoped-for complete recovery did not happen, but a 38-foot forward section was brought into the Glomar Explorer moon pool. The fact that the US was able to show the Russians the at-sea burial of K-129 sailors clearly indicated the US recovered, at least, bodies in this forward section. Given the bodies were recovered, it is a reasonable assumption that other objects were recovered as well from the forward section. A follow-up mission (Project Matador) was aborted due to disclosure of the mission by US news sources. Soviet Union 1975 Review of Soviet space systems (intelligence analysis) Certain Soviet space programs are important to the overall Soviet system. The systems fall into three classes: Scientific and national prestige Economic benefit Military and intelligence. 75% of Soviet satellites have been dedicated to missions including intelligence collection, geodesy, communications relay, weather and radar calibration. They have also developed an anti-satellite weapon Soviet dependence on system has to be evaluated in terms of: Dependence: systems for which there is no substantial alternative that is not space-based, and also perform critical functions Degradation: space systems that have no terrestrial alternative, but whose functions are important, but not critical to the overall Soviet Union Current development priorities include ocean surveillance and missile launch detection. Communications satellites are expected to become critical after 1985. The Soviets depend on these. Space systems that can degrade include photographic imaging and satellite interception. These will become increasingly critical. Radar calibration satellites are essential if the Soviets deploy and need to test an anti-ballistic missile defense system. It was estimated that even though they have a satellite interceptor, they will generally practice a non-interference policy toward other nations' satellites Soviet Union 1981 Intelligence analysis It was the judgment of CIA and the IC that the Soviets were deeply committed to "revolutionary violence worldwide". They see this as a basic part of destabilizing their adversaries. The USSR has different policies toward different groups, depending on the goals of the groups, their methods, and presumably their security. Terrorist tactics, per se, do not offend Soviet scruples. The Soviets simply determine if those tactics are helpful or harmful to Soviet objectives. Not all groups accept Soviet control, and the Soviets deal with this on a case-by-case basis. There is compelling evidence that the Soviets have sponsored a number of revolutionary and separatist-irredentist groups, especially in El Salvador, where they directly delivered arms. Soviet operations in this area are under the direction of the International Department organization of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party, not the security organs (i.e., KGB) or military. The International Department, however, tasks the KGB, GRU, and 10th Department of the General Staff to provide training and other support. They also use proxies, in the form of allies such as Libya, South Yemen, and Cuba, which directly support revolutionary groups. The policy of the Soviet Union toward nihilistic terrorist groups remains unclear. There is some evidence of Soviet support, but not coordination of activities. At times, they have labeled certain of these groups "criminal", and counseled other groups to shun them. There is no possibility the Soviet Union could be persuaded to join with the West in a comprehensive antiterrorist program. It was emphasized that revolutionary violence, in the Third World, is not synonymous with terrorism, and that violent revolution would be an issue with which the United States will have to deal for the indefinite future. Counterintelligence (offensive) The Farewell Dossier in 1981 revealed massive Soviet espionage on Western technology. A successful counter-espionage program was created which involved giving defective technologies to Soviet agents. Soviet Union 1984 The Cooperative Research Project website gives a photo of Casey touring Afghanistan and cites Steve Coll's 7/19/1992 Washington Post article asserting that "Casey wanted to ship subversive propaganda through Afghanistan to the Soviet Union's predominantly Muslim southern republics." In the case of Uzbekistan, one example of this propaganda was to have the Qu'ran translated into Uzbek. This was the idea of then CIA director William Casey, who believed that spreading Islam in Uzbekistan would become a problem for the USSR. Pakistani General Mohammad Yousaf quoted him as saying "We should take the books and try to raise the local population against them, and you can also think of sending arms and ammunition if possible." Although no other sources exist for this quote, Steve Coll points not only to Qur'an translation and anti-Russian propaganda, but also Casey's work to establish cooperation between Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Soviet Union 1985 Covert action (paramilitary) While the actual document has not been declassified, National Security Decision Directive 166 of 27 March 1985, "US Policy, Programs and Strategy in Afghanistan" defined a US policy of using established the US goal of driving to drive Soviet forces from Afghanistan "by all means available". Initially, this involved close cooperation with Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence to assist mujahideen groups and in planning operations inside Afghanistan. Indeed, it was evident to residents in Islamabad and Peshawar in the 1980s that large numbers of Americans were present and involved in mysterious activities. This created linkages among hardened Muslim fighters worldwide. At first, the US supported the effort cautiously, concerned that the Soviet Union would act against Pakistan. "Some time into the war, however, the US began to take a much more overt position and US supplied technology played a key role in defeating the Soviet war machine in Afghanistan. References Politics of the Soviet Union Soviet Union–United States relations Soviet Union Soviet Union Espionage in the Soviet Union

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17168648

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinza

Kinza

was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned gold monopoly or gold guild (za) which was created in 1595. Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted gold coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of gold. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the minting of gold coins and for superintending all gold mines, gold mining and gold-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Ginza – Silver za (monopoly office or guild). Dōza – Copper za (monopoly office or guild). Shuza – Cinnabar za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Gold standard Economy of feudal Japan Guilds in Japan Metals monopolies 1595 establishments in Japan

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17168661

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Polo

Roberto Polo

Roberto Polo Guete (born December 21, 1980) is a Colombian football striker. He currently is a free agent. After coming out of almost nowhere and having a great season with Equidad has recently got him a call up for a friendly game against Venezuela on April 30 of 2008. He played the whole game and scored in only 10 minutes into his debut. External links Roberto Polo at BDFA.com.ar 1980 births Living people Footballers from Barranquilla Colombian men's footballers Colombia men's international footballers Categoría Primera A players Unión Magdalena footballers Brujas F.C. players Cortuluá footballers Deportivo Azogues footballers La Equidad footballers Cúcuta Deportivo footballers Águilas Doradas Rionegro players Llaneros F.C. players Colombian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador Expatriate men's footballers in Costa Rica Men's association football forwards 21st-century Colombian people

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17168663

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy%20Konyushenko

Andriy Konyushenko

Andriy Konyushenko (born 2 April 1977) is a Ukrainian former professional football defender. He was acquired from Zorya Luhansk during the 2008–09 summer transfer season. External links Official Website Profile 1977 births Living people Ukrainian men's footballers Ukrainian Premier League players Ukrainian First League players Ukrainian Second League players SSSOR-Metalurh Zaporizhzhia players FC Obolon Kyiv players FC Metalurh Zaporizhzhia players FC Metalurh-2 Zaporizhzhia players FC Shakhtar Donetsk players FC Shakhtar-2 Donetsk players FC Mariupol players FC Illichivets-2 Mariupol players FC Metalist Kharkiv players FC Volyn Lutsk players FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Poltava players Men's association football defenders Footballers from Kyiv

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17168666

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukimi%20Nagano

Yukimi Nagano

Yukimi Eleanora Nagano (born 31 January 1982) is a Swedish-Japanese singer and songwriter. She is the vocalist for the Swedish electronic group Little Dragon. Career Early career Nagano first made a record at the age of 18 with Andreas Saag (Swell Session). She then worked with Swedish nu jazz duo Koop on the songs "Summer Sun" and "Bright Nights" (both from 2001's Waltz for Koop) and joined the duo on tour, which she says "opened a lot of doors for me both life and collaboration wise". She collaborated with Koop again on "Come to Me", "I See a Different You", and "Whenever There Is You" for the 2006 release Koop Islands. Nagano also contributed significant vocal work to the 2004 album Moving On by Hird, including the song "Keep You Kimi" and the title track "Moving On". Little Dragon Nagano is the vocalist of Gothenburg-based electronic band Little Dragon, which she established with her close high school friends Erik Bodin (drums) and Fredrik Wallin (bass) in 1996 while they were in high school. Håkan Wirenstrand (keyboards) joined the group later. Nagano and her bandmates each applied to music college but were denied entrance, and instead continued to make music together while working side jobs. In 2007, Little Dragon released their first single, "Twice", which led to the group being signed to the record label Peacefrog Records. The band released their self-titled debut album on September 3, 2007, to favorable reception. This was followed by Machine Dreams in 2009. Little Dragon was featured in Gorillaz's 2010 album Plastic Beach on the songs "Empire Ants" and "To Binge", both of which Nagano co-wrote, and she performed in the "Escape to Plastic Beach Tour" the same year. Little Dragon's third studio album, Ritual Union, was released in July 2011 and the band went on tour in North America, Europe, and Australia. The band's fourth studio album, Nabuma Rubberband, was released in May 2014 in the United Kingdom via Because Music and in the United States via Loma Vista Recordings. It received a nomination for Best Dance/Electronic Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. The album was supported by tours in Europe and North America. In 2015, Nagano was featured, along with Little Dragon, on electronic music duo ODESZA's 2015 single "Light". Also in 2015, Nagano and Little Dragon were featured on Mac Miller's GO:OD AM album on the last track titled "The Festival". In 2016, Little Dragon collaborated with De La Soul on the track "Drawn" and a music video for the song was released in 2017. Season High, Little Dragon's fifth studio album, was also released in 2017. Other work She and Erik Bodin have played live with fellow Gothenburg artist, José González. In 2011, Nagano was featured on SBTRKT's eponymous debut album with her vocals on the song "Wildfire". She is also featured on Raphael Saadiq's 2011 album Stone Rollin' on the song "Just Don't". She also provided vocals for "Scale It Back" on DJ Shadow's 2011 album The Less You Know, the Better and for "Descending", "Higher Res", and "Thom Pettie" from Big Boi's 2012 album Vicious Lies and Dangerous Rumors. Nagano additionally co-wrote "Mama Told Me" and sang on the song's original version. Personal life Nagano was born and raised in Gothenburg, Sweden, to Japanese father Yusuke Nagano and Swedish-American mother Joanne Brown. She has a son, Jaxon, who was born in 2016. Nagano's sister is the musician Sandra Sumie Nagano, whose eponymous album was released by Bella Union in December 2013. References External links – official site 1982 births English-language singers from Sweden Living people Musicians from Gothenburg Swedish electronic musicians Swedish women singer-songwriters Swedish singer-songwriters Swedish people of American descent Swedish people of Japanese descent Swedish women in electronic music 21st-century Swedish singers 21st-century Swedish women singers Chill-out musicians

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17168677

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiec%20Basin

Turiec Basin

The Turiec Basin (; ; ; ) is located in the northern part of central Slovakia, within the Fatra-Tatra Area of the Inner Western Carpathians. The basin is delimited by the mountain ranges of Veľká Fatra to the east, Malá Fatra to the west and north, as well as Žiar and Kremnica Mountains to the south. The Turiec River flows through the entire basin and inflows into Váh near Vrútky. The largest towns are Martin, Vrútky (both part of the Martin District) and Turčianske Teplice (part of the Turčianske Teplice District). Landforms of Slovakia Western Carpathians Váh basin

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17168689

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Cullum%20Jr.

Jim Cullum Jr.

James Albert Cullum Jr., better known as Jim Cullum Jr. (September 20, 1941 – August 11, 2019), was an American jazz cornetist known for his contributions to Dixieland jazz. His father was Jim Cullum Sr., a clarinetist who led the Happy Jazz Band from 1962 to 1973. Jim Cullum Jr. led the Jim Cullum Jazz Band as its successor. His band mates included Evan Christopher, Allan Vaché, and John Sheridan. Early life James A. Cullum, Jr. was born in Dallas, Texas on September 20, 1941, to wholesale grocer and part-time musician, James Albert Cullum, Sr., and Conoly . The family moved to San Antonio, Texas in 1953. As a child, Cullum Jr. became enamored of his father's music collection that included recordings by Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, Blind Lemon Jefferson, and Lead Belly. He bought his first cornet at the age of fourteen from a pawn shop for seven dollars. While attending Alamo Heights High School, Cullum played with a small jazz ensemble where his father would occasionally sit in on saxophone. He also performed locally around San Antonio as a teen, honing his skills. Following high school, Cullum married Donna Cloud, and joined his father in the grocery business. Career Happy Jazz and The Landing nightclub Cullum's enthusiasm and passion for performing jazz led to his father coming out of retirement from the music industry in 1962 to form the Happy Jazz Band with him. The band's music was heavily influenced by the hot jazz ensembles of the 1920s and '30s. In 1963, the Cullums, along with a group of San Antonio investors, founded The Landing Jazz Club in the basement of the Nix Hospital building on the San Antonio River Walk. The Landing was the second business and first nightclub established on the Riverwalk following the opening of the Casa Rio Mexican restaurant. After interest in the group suddenly grew following their exposure to the HemisFair crowds of 1968, the Cullums sold their grocery business, and devoted themselves full-time to music. Happy Jazz and its successor band performed at The Landing five or six nights a week for the next four and a half decades. Cullum Jr. took over leadership of the band after his father died in 1973. At that time, he changed the band's name to the Jim Cullum Jazz Band. Jim Cullum Jazz Band The Jim Cullum Jazz Band was an acoustic seven-piece traditional jazz ensemble. The band broadcast weekly performances from The Landing on the Public Radio International (US public radio) series Riverwalk Jazz from 1989 until 2012. Cullum and his band performed at such venues as Carnegie Hall, Preservation Hall, the White House, Wolf Trap, and the Kennedy Center. They appeared on Austin City Limits on several occasions, and for 25 years broadcast weekly live performances on over 200 radio stations in the US. The Jim Cullum Jazz Band performed over 300 jazz masses at houses of worship across the United States during its more than four-decade run. The group recorded for Jazzology, Columbia, Audiophile, Stomp Off, and his own label, Riverwalk. Cullum played with such music legends as Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Pete Fountain, and Earl Hines. Early in his career, he played with Jack Teagarden—a friend and associate of his father's. Cullum's career also led him to accompany other jazz artists such as Joe Venuti, Doc Severinsen, Dick Hyman, and Lionel Hampton. From 1993 to 2005, Cullum and his band were on the faculty of the Stanford Jazz Workshop at Stanford University in California. Later life and death During his life, Cullum led what was described as an elegant-bohemian lifestyle by one jazz publication. He remained active even after the radio show and his longstanding residency at The Landing ended in 2012. In his final years, he appeared in weekly performances at the Cookhouse Restaurant in San Antonio and scheduled many other appearances with his band. His last public performance was just two days before his death. Cullum died on August 11, 2019, at his residence in San Antonio. Legacy In 2011, Stanford University Libraries acquired Cullum's Riverwalk Jazz archives, comprising over 400 radio show programs. In January 2013, Stanford's Archive of Recorded Sound made the recordings available to listen to on its website. Band members Current members Evan Arntzen – clarinet, saxophone Mike Pittsley – trombone Howard Elkins – banjo, guitar Bernie Attridge – bass Benji Bohannon – drums Former members Jim Cullum Jr. - cornet Buddy Apfel – tuba Robert Black – banjo Evan Christopher – clarinet Kevin Dorn – drums Ron Hockett – clarinet, saxophone Ed Hubble – trombone Jim Hunter – bass Don Mopsick – bass Brian Nalepka – tuba, double bass, bass sax Brian Ogilvie – clarinet, saxophone Steve Pikal – bass Ric Ramirez – bass Randy Reinhart – cornet, trombone Kenny Rupp – trombone Zack Sapunor – bass John Sheridan – piano Hal Smith – drums Ed Torres – drums Jim Turner – piano Allan Vaché – clarinet Mike Waskiewicz – drums Jack Wyatt – bass Cullen Offer – tenor saxophone Discography Look Over Here (1976) Jim Cullum's Happy Jazz Band (1979) Live and Swinging (1979) Live at the Memphis Jazz Festival (1982) Tis the Season...To Be Jamming (1984) Porgy & Bess (1985) Super Satch (1986) Fireworks! Red Hot & Blues (1989) Hooray for Hoagy! (1990) American Love Songs, Vol. 7 (1990) Shootin' the Agate (1992) Battle of the Bands: San Antonio vs. New Orleans (1992) New Year's All Star Jam (1993) Honky Tonk Train (1994) Bessie & the Blues (1995) Jim Cullum's Happy Jazz Band (1995) Hot Jazz for a Cool Yule (1996) Fireworks! Red Hot & Blues (1996) American Love Songs, Vol. 7 (1997) Deep River: The Spirit of Gospel Music in Jazz (1998) Cornet-Copia (2001) Chasin' the Blues (2006) 3 Kings of Jazz: The Music of Louis Armstrong, Bix Beiderbecke and Jelly Roll Morton (2008) See also The Mission City Hot Rhythm Cats, a six-piece traditional jazz band, is composed of several former members of the Jim Cullum Jazz Band. References External links "Jim Cullum's Adventures", The New York Times Guide to the Jim Cullum Collection Interview (June 11, 1980); (August 12, 1986) Jim Cullum on Live at Jazz, TX 1941 births 2019 deaths American jazz cornetists Jazz radio presenters American radio personalities Jazz musicians from Texas Musicians from San Antonio Jazzology Records artists Stomp Off artists Columbia Records artists

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17168745

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur-Adad

Nur-Adad

Nur-Adad ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1801 BC to 1785 BC (short chronology). He was a contemporary of Sumu-la-El of Babylon. See also Chronology of the ancient Near East Notes External links Amorite kings 19th-century BC Sumerian kings 18th-century BC Sumerian kings 18th-century BC deaths Year of birth unknown Kings of Larsa

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17168747

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley%20Boyle

Wesley Boyle

Wesley Boyle (born 30 March 1979) from Northern Ireland is a football midfielder, who currently works as a coach, having last played for Loughgall F.C. Boyle started his career as an apprentice with Leeds United. References Since 1888... The Searchable Premiership and Football League Player Database (subscription required) 1979 births Living people Doncaster Rovers F.C. players Men's association football midfielders NIFL Premiership players Leeds United F.C. players Association footballers from County Armagh Expatriate men's footballers in England Sportspeople from Portadown Portadown F.C. players Premier League players Loughgall F.C. players

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17168767

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginza%20%28agency%29

Ginza (agency)

was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned silver monopoly or silver guild (za) which was created in 1598. Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted silver coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of silver. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the minting of silver coins and for superintending all silver mines, silver mining and silver-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Kinza – Gold za (monopoly office or guild). Dōza – Copper za (monopoly office or guild). Shuza – Cinnabar za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Silver Economy of feudal Japan Guilds in Japan 1598 establishments in Asia Metals monopolies

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17168788

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy%20Khramtsov

Oleksiy Khramtsov

Oleksiy Khramtsov () (born 8 November 1975, Simferopol, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian football defender who played for different clubs in the Ukrainian Premier League. He is plays currently for the club of Navbahor Namangan in the Uzbek League as captain. External links Official Website Profile Official FFU Website Profile 1975 births Living people Sportspeople from Simferopol Ukrainian men's footballers MFC Mykolaiv players FC Kryvbas-2 Kryvyi Rih players FC Spartak Ivano-Frankivsk players SC Tavriya Simferopol players FC Stal Alchevsk players Navbahor Namangan players FC Zorya Luhansk players FC Gvardeyets Skvortsovo players FC Krymteplytsia Molodizhne players Ukrainian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Uzbekistan Crimean Premier League players Men's association football defenders

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17168815

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch%20Andrews

Punch Andrews

Edward "Punch" Andrews is a music producer who produced many albums of Bob Seger and The Silver Bullet Band. Andrews has also served as a manager for Seger as well as Kid Rock, and managed Grand Funk Railroad during the mid-1990s. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American music managers American record producers Ross School of Business alumni

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17168821

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Anne%20%28novel%29

Mary Anne (novel)

Daphne du Maurier's novel Mary Anne (1954) is a fictionalised account of the real-life story of her great-great-grandmother, Mary Anne Clarke, née Thompson (1776-1852). It was published by Gollancz in the UK and by Doubleday in the US. Mary Anne Clarke from 1803 to 1808 was mistress of Frederick Augustus, the Duke of York and Albany (1763-1827). He was "The Grand Old Duke of York" of the nursery rhyme, a son of King George III and brother of the later King George IV. References 1954 British novels Novels by Daphne du Maurier Biographical novels English historical novels Victor Gollancz Ltd books

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17168869

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3r%20Muman

Mór Muman

Mór Muman or Mór Mumain (modern spelling: Mór Mhumhan) is a figure from early Irish literature who is said to have been a queen of Munster and daughter of king Áed Bennán. Her name means "the Great Mother" and the province of Munster (An Mhumhain) is named after her. She is believed to be a euhemerised mother goddess and sovereignty goddess of the province, particularly of the Eóganachta. Mór Muman "personifies the land of Munster" and "the sovereignty of the region". She is also known as Mugain and may be the same figure as Anu and the Morrígan. Traditions The Irish-language tale Mór Muman 7 Aided Cuanach meic Ailchine ("Mór Muman and the death of Cuanu mac Ailchine") is found in the Book of Leinster. It is suggested that it dates from the 10th century or earlier. According to this tale, Mór was placed under an enchantment and went mad. She wandered Ireland for two years before she came to Cashel and the court of King Fíngen mac Áedo Duib. Fingen eventually slept with her, and her memory returned. In the morning, Fingen gave her the queen's robe and brooch, and put aside his current queen, daughter of the king of the Deisi, and put Mór in her place as she was of better blood. The Metrical Dindshenchas say of Fingen and Mór:Best of the women of Inis Failis Mór daughter of Áed Bennan.Better is Fingen than any herothat drives about Femen. When Fingen died, the story says, Mór Muman married Cathal mac Finguine. Unfortunately, the collector of this tale mistook this Cathal for his great-grandfather, Cathal mac Áedo. A similar tale is told of Mis, who gave her name to the Slieve Mish Mountains and who may be the same figure as Mór. Mis is said to have gone mad and to have lived as a wild woman in the mountains. She recovers after befriending and sleeping with a harper named Dubh Rois. These tales may be based on the common motif of the loathly lady, whereby the goddess of sovereignty appears as a hag until kissed by the rightful king, whereupon she becomes a beautiful young woman. In another tale, Mór and her husband Lear land in Ireland at the Dingle Peninsula and make their home at Dunmore Head (Dún Mór, meaning "Dún" the Irish for fort and "Mór" the Irish for Big, possibly meaning "Mór's hillfort"). One day, Mór climbs to the top of Mount Eagle to see the land in which she dwells. However, she is 'taken short' and squats to relieve herself. The ravines that cut through the mountains of Munster are said to have resulted from Mór's great streams of urine. This motif of a goddess creating the landscape is found in many ancient tales. At the foot of the mountain is a place called Tivoria or Tigh Mhóire ("Mór's house"). As a divinity, Mór Muman is believed to be identical with Mugain, and to include features of Medb and the Morrígan. She is sometimes referred to simply as Mumain, making her association with the land of Munster (Irish, Mumu) explicit. The death of Mór Muman ingen Áedo Bennáin is recorded by the Annals of Ulster under the year 632 and by the Annals of Tigernach for 636. Mór's sister, Ruithchern, is also thought to represent the sovereignty goddess. She was the protagonist of the lost story Aithed Ruithcherne la Cuanu mac Cailchin (The killing of Ruithchern by Cuanu mac Ailchine). See also Mór Muman (Irish name) Notes References Further reading 636 deaths 7th-century Irish women Irish goddesses 7th-century Irish people Year of birth unknown Irish-language feminine given names Feminine given names Mythological queens Mother goddesses

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17168883

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eran%20Kolirin

Eran Kolirin

Eran Kolirin (Hebrew: ערן קולירין) (born 4 November 1973) is an Israeli screenwriter and film director. In 2004, he directed the feature-length television drama, The Long Journey. His cinema directorial debut, The Band's Visit (2007), was a critical success, winning eight Awards of the Israeli Film Academy and prizes at several international film festivals. Kolirin himself won the Israeli Film Academy's awards for Best Director and Best Screenplay. His second film, The Exchange, was in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival in September 2011. His next film, Beyond the Mountains and Hills, was selected to be screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. It was screened in film festivals around world, winning several awards, including Best Feature Film at the 2016 UK Jewish Film Festival. Selected filmography The Long Journey (2004) The Band's Visit (2007) The Exchange (2011) Beyond the Mountains and Hills (2016) Let There Be Morning (AKA Let It Be Morning) (2021) References External links European Film Awards winners (people) Israeli film directors Living people 1973 births

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17168884

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%8Dza

Dōza

was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned copper monopoly or copper guild (za) which was created in 1636 and (1701–1712, 1738–1746, 1766–1768). Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted copper coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of copper. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the minting of copper coins and for superintending all copper mines, copper mining and copper-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Kinza – Gold za (monopoly office or guild). Ginza – Silver za (monopoly office or guild). Shuza – Cinnabar za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Shimada, Ryuto. (2005). The Intra-Asian Trade in Japanese Copper by the Dutch East India Company. Leiden: Brill Publishers. ; OCLC 62755669 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Copper Economy of feudal Japan Metals monopolies 1636 establishments in Japan Guilds in Japan

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17168886

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20TR.1

Hitachi TR.1

The Hitachi TR.1 was a small airliner developed in Japan in 1938, produced in small numbers as the TR.2. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with retractable tailwheel undercarriage and a fully enclosed cabin. The design strongly resembled the Airspeed Envoy that it was intended to replace in Japanese airline service. Testing of the TR.1 prototype commenced on 8 April 1938 at Haneda Airport, but it suffered a serious accident on 22 June due to a landing in which one of the main undercarriage units failed to extend. The TR.2 was a revised and strengthened design with a larger wing area, and main undercarriage that only semi-retracted. Twelve examples were built in a small series, but performance was not as good as the TR.1, since the modifications to the design had added 260 kg (570 lb) to the aircraft. Specifications (TR.1) References 1930s Japanese airliners Low-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1938 Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

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17168899

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheridan%20State%20Scenic%20Corridor

Sheridan State Scenic Corridor

Sheridan State Scenic Corridor is a state park in the Columbia River Gorge, west of Cascade Locks, Oregon. The property, containing an old-growth forest, is located on the south side of Interstate 84 at approximately milepoint 42.5, and was not accessible by motor vehicle since I-84 was built in 1960. However, with the opening of the Eagle Creek-Cascade Locks segment of the Historic Columbia River Highway State Trail in 1998, it has become easily accessible by foot or bicycle. The park is on a triangular lot, surrounded by I-84 and the Mount Hood National Forest. The park was acquired in 1923 from the Oregon-Washington Railroad and Navigation Company by the Parks Division of the State Highway Department, which named it for Philip H. Sheridan. It served as a wayside on US 30 - the Historic Columbia River Highway - until 1960, when the new I-84 freeway replaced the old road, cutting off access except through the national forest. As part of the restoration of the old highway, the Federal Highway Administration rebuilt the abandoned Eagle Creek-Cascade Locks for non-motorized traffic in the 1990s, to be managed by the State Parks and Recreation Department. An interpretive sign was installed at the site in 2007. Just to the east of the park, within the national forest the trail passes under I-84 in a 150-foot (50 m) long precast concrete rock-faced tunnel (). The $500,000 structure was built as part of the restoration project, and was required to connect the park to another intact piece of road, located north of I-84 at the west Cascade Locks interchange. See also List of Oregon state parks References !colspan=3|Historic Columbia River Highway |- |align=center|Ruckel Creek BridgeMP 42.7 |align=center|Sheridan State ParkMP 44 |align=center|Cascade LocksMP 45-46 State parks of Oregon Columbia River Gorge Historic Columbia River Highway Parks in Hood River County, Oregon

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17168991

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pani%C4%87

Panić

Panić () is a surname found in Serbia, Bosnia and Croatia. Notable people include: Branko Panić (born 1977), Croatian football player Milan Panić (born 1929), American and Serbian multimillionaire, Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992-1993 Života Panić (1933–2003), Colonel General of Yugoslav People's Army Željko Panić (born 1976), Bosnian Serb swimmer Romana Panić (born 1975), a Serbian singer See also Panich, Americanized form in Thailand and in Serbian diaspora Surnames of Serbian origin

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17169010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane%20Lester%20%281998%29

Hurricane Lester (1998)

Hurricane Lester was a small but powerful tropical cyclone that caused heavy flooding in Central America and southern Mexico in October 1998. Lester was the fifteenth tropical cyclone, twelfth named storm and eighth hurricane of the 1998 Pacific hurricane season. Lester originated from a tropical wave that emerged off the coast of Africa on September 29. Under favorable conditions, the storm was classified as a tropical depression on October 15. The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm later that day and a hurricane on October 16. After undergoing fluctuations in intensity, Lester reached peak winds of , a Category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. After several days, it degenerated into a tropical storm on October 26, and dissipated shortly after. The hurricane made its closest approach to land on October 28, producing moderate winds and heavy rainfall. A mudslide triggered by the precipitation killed two children, although damage is unknown. Meteorological history A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on September 29, 1998, and on October 5, an area of convection along the wave developed into Atlantic Hurricane Lisa. The wave axis continued westward, and after crossing Central America a low-level circulation developed on October 13, about south of the border between El Salvador and Guatemala. The system drifted northwestward, and as convection increased around the center a banding featured began to develop. At 0000 UTC on October 15, the National Hurricane Center designated it as Tropical Depression Fourteen-E. The depression contained a large envelope of convective activity, and under favorable conditions including warm water, low vertical wind shear and good outflow, it gradually began to intensify. Initially, the exact direction of forward movement was somewhat uncertain, although a northwestward track was predicted. On the morning of October 15, visible satellite imagery suggested that the center of circulation was located northeast of the previous estimates. Thunderstorm activity organized close to the center by 1400 UTC, and by 1800 UTC the depression was upgraded to Tropical Storm Lester. Shortly thereafter, the storm took a slight jog to the west, and at the same time outflow became restricted to the southwest of the circulation. At 1400 UTC on October 16, data from a Reconnaissance Aircraft confirmed that the storm had attained hurricane intensity with a minimum central pressure of 992 mb. The first signs of an eye began to appear embedded within a ring of deep convection by early on October 17, while moving west-northwest at about . Shortly after, the hurricane became nearly stationary due to a shortwave which passed north of the system, shortly before reaching Category 2 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. Early on October 18, the eye began to wobble slightly and the ring of cold cloud tops were showing signs of disorganization, slowing further intensification for several hours. At 1400 UTC, Lester's winds increased to and the storm made its closest approach to land on October 18, about south of Puerto Angel, Oaxaca. Later that day, it weakened to Category 1 status, although quickly re-intensified. Vertical wind shear associated with a mid-to-upper-level low pressure system developed and began to affect the storm's circulation on October 19, thus weakening it slightly. However, early on October 20 the hurricane regained organization and once again intensified. Lester strengthened to reach a peak intensity of on October 22, about southwest of Manzanillo, Colima. Coinciding with its peak intensity, a shortwave trough caused Lester to stall before turning to the southwest and weakening. At 0200 UTC on October 23 Lester rapidly lost deep convection, and weakened to Category 1 status. Later that morning, the storm was downgraded to a tropical storm while tracking southwest. By October 24, the low-level center of circulation became exposed from the cloud structure, and at 0000 UTC on October 26, Lester had degenerated into a tropical depression, about southwest of the southern tip of Baja California Peninsula, shortly before dissipating. Preparations and impact In anticipation of the storm, the government of Mexico issued a hurricane warning from Puerto Arista to Punta Maldonaldo and later from Salina Cruz to Acapulco. A tropical storm warning was also issued from Sipacate, Guatemala to Puerto Arista, Mexico. The threat of the hurricane prompted officials to order the evacuation of 3,000 people along the southern coast of Mexico to 500 emergency shelters. The storm dropped heavy rainfall across southwestern Guatemala. Up to of rainfall was reported in localized areas along the Pacific coast of the country. Moisture brought around the northeast periphery of the Sierra Madre Occidental led to a narrow band of heavy rainfall along the upslope side of the mountain range, with a local precipitation maximum exceeding . It is reported that tropical-storm-force winds occurred along coastal areas of southern Mexico. The rainfall destroyed some houses and killed numerous livestock, and triggered a mudslide which killed two children. In Honduras, rainfall from Lester destroyed a bridge which affected transportation for about 1,000 people. Heavy rainfall was reported in Chiapas, causing moderate river flooding though no reported damage. See also Other tropical cyclones name Lester List of Pacific hurricanes References External links National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report Category 3 Pacific hurricanes 1998 Pacific hurricane season Hurricane Lester

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17169020

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs

2001 Calder Cup playoffs

The 2001 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 10, 2001. The sixteen teams that qualified, eight from each conference, played best-of-five series for division semifinals and best-of-seven series for division finals and conference finals. The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 28, 2001, with the Saint John Flames defeating the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins four games to two to win the first, and only, Calder Cup in team history. Saint John's Steve Begin won the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as AHL playoff MVP. Wilkes-Barre Scranton defenseman Chris Kelleher set an AHL playoff record for points scored by a defenseman in one playoff with 25 (7 goals, 18 assists). This record was broken in 2008 by Wilkes-Barre/Scranton defenseman Alex Goligoski. Playoff seeds After the 2000–01 AHL regular season, 16 teams qualified for the playoffs. The top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. However, due to the uneven number of teams in each division, it was possible for teams to crossover to another division for the playoffs. The fifth-placed team in the New England Division could qualify for the fourth playoff spot in the Canadian Division if they earned more points than the fourth-placed team in the Canadian Division. The fifth-placed team in the Mid-Atlantic Division could qualify for the fourth playoff spot in the South Division if they earned more points than the fourth-placed team in the South Division. The Worcester IceCats were the Eastern Conference regular season champions as well as the Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners with the best overall regular season record. The Rochester Americans were the Western Conference regular season champions. Eastern Conference Canadian Division Saint John Flames – 100 points Quebec Citadelles – 89 points St. John's Maple Leafs – 80 points New England Division Worcester IceCats – Eastern Conference regular season champions; Macgregor Kilpatrick Trophy winners, 108 points Hartford Wolf Pack – 94 points Providence Bruins – 84 points Lowell Lock Monsters – 80 points Portland Pirates – 74 points (Played in the Canadian Division bracket by virtue of earning more points than the fourth-placed team in that division) Western Conference Mid-Atlantic Division Rochester Americans – Western Conference regular season champions, 104 points Syracuse Crunch – 83 points Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins – 83 points Philadelphia Phantoms – 82 points Hershey Bears – 75 points (Played in the South Division bracket by virtue of earning more points than the fourth-placed team in that division) Southern Division Kentucky Thoroughblades – 97 points Cincinnati Mighty Ducks – 95 points Norfolk Admirals – 90 points Bracket In each round the team that earned more points during the regular season receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations. Division Semifinals Note 1: All times are in Eastern Time (UTC−4). Note 2: Game times in italics signify games to be played only if necessary. Note 3: Home team is listed first. Eastern Conference Canadian Division (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (N5) Portland Pirates (C2) Quebec Citadelles vs. (C3) St. John's Maple Leafs New England Division (N1) Worcester IceCats vs. (N4) Lowell Lock Monsters (N2) Hartford Wolf Pack vs. (N3) Providence Bruins Western Conference Mid-Atlantic Division (M1) Rochester Americans vs. (M4) Philadelphia Phantoms (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (M3) Syracuse Crunch Southern Division (S1) Kentucky Thoroughblades vs. (M5) Hershey Bears (S2) Cincinnati Mighty Ducks vs. (S3) Norfolk Admirals 1 – at Cincinnati Gardens 2 – at Norfolk, Virginia Division Finals Eastern Conference Canadian Division (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (C2) Quebec Citadelles New England Division (N1) Worcester IceCats vs. (N3) Providence Bruins Western Conference Mid-Atlantic Division (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (M4) Philadelphia Phantoms Southern Division (S3) Norfolk Admirals vs. (M5) Hershey Bears Conference finals Eastern Conference (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (N3) Providence Bruins Western Conference (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins vs. (M5) Hershey Bears Calder Cup Final (C1) Saint John Flames vs. (M2) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins See also 2000–01 AHL season List of AHL seasons References Calder Cup playoffs Calder Cup

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17169044

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotts%20Seaplane%20Base

Scotts Seaplane Base

Scotts Seaplane Base is a public use seaplane base located in the community of Crane Lake, in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. It is privately owned by Darrell Scott and is also known at Scott's Seaplane Base. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Scotts Seaplane Base is assigned CDD by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned CDD to Cauquira, Honduras). Facilities and aircraft Scotts Seaplane Base covers an area of at an elevation of 1,119 feet (341 m) above mean sea level. It has two seaplane landing areas: 7W/25W is 8,000 x 1,000 feet (2,438 x 305 m) and 16W/34W is 7,000 x 1,000 feet (2,134 x 305 m). For the 12-month period ending June 30, 2003, the airport had 8,000 aircraft operations, an average of 21 per day: 61% general aviation and 39% air taxi. See also List of airports in Minnesota References External links Scott's Resort & Seaplane Base Airports in Minnesota Seaplane bases in the United States Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Minnesota Transportation in St. Louis County, Minnesota

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17169052

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges%20Bataille%27s%20Story%20of%20the%20Eye

Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye

Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is a 2004 experimental film adaptation of the 1928 novel Story of the Eye by the French writer Georges Bataille. The film, directed by Andrew Repasky McElhinney, takes place in a seemingly abandoned house where a group of people engage in wordless acts of passion. The film covers a period from evening to morning, and the sexual couplings among the members of the house become increasingly harrowing as daylight arrives. Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye began as a video installation before being reconfigured into a feature-length film. Variety said the movie affirmed McElhinney's "certifiable coolness." The movie had its New York theatrical premiere in September 2004, and its support was led by Dave Kehr of The New York Times, who wrote of the production; "This is transgression in a literal sense, an act of aggression that Bataille would no doubt have appreciated. This is not a movie for passive consumption, but a film that bites back." In the essay, "Realism, Real Sex, And The Experimental Film – Mediating Eroticism In 'Georges Bataille's Story of The Eye,'" Beth Johnson examines the roles of dreams in McElhinney's cinema stating; "McElhinney's vision can equally be likened to earlier, non-erotic appropriations of the transgression of reality such as The Never Ending Story (Die unendliche Geschichte, Wolfgang Petersen, 1984), a film that shows the relay between reality and fantasy through the use of a joystick control, used to access other realms of/in space and time." Cast Upon the 2016 death of Melissa Elizabeth Forgione, the star of Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye, director Andrew Repasky McElhinney stated, "She was a brave performer who was always willing to take risks. She was also a gifted photographer and a camera operator...I cannot find the words to articulate the meaningfulness of our personal relationship." Production Locations Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye(2003) was primarily shot at the (now demolished) Locust Club at 1616 Locust Street, center city Philadelphia,PA, November–December 2002. Exteriors were shot on condemned blocks of Arlington Street, Camden, New Jersey May 2003. Reception Film Threat declared Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye "a new landmark in underground cinema. The film is an artistic assault on both the senses and sensibility. Mixing equal parts of surrealism, eroticism, and silliness into a vibrant package rich with lush cinematography and a challenging soundtrack, it is a brilliant achievement that demands attention and challenges the audience in a way that few films today can dare to achieve." The San Francisco Bay Guardian wrote "Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is a provocation that hypnotizes, a hallucinatory narcotic." Variety called it "a punk-pornocopia equivalent to Last Year at Marienbad" Dr. Beth Johnson of University of Leeds' School of Media and Communication wrote a monograph on McElhinney's movie titled "Realism, Real Sex, And The Experimental Film - Mediating Eroticism in 'Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye.'" The critical study is included in the Palgrave-Macmillan's volume Realism and the Audiovisual Media, edited by Lucia Nagib and Cecilia Mello which seeks to "examines two recent phenomena: the return of realist tendencies and practices in world cinema and television, and the 'rehabilitation' of realism in film and media theory." In "Realism, Real Sex, And The Experimental Film - Mediating Eroticism in 'Gerorges Bataille's Story of the Eye," Johnson writes that McElhinney's film is "an account not of the life, but of the myth of Georges Bataille" and that the "extensive use of mirrors throughout the film points to the importance of self-reflexive spectatorship." Johnson goes onto explore how McElhinney purposefully 'misuses' the 'uncanny' and that these "deliberate 'uncanny' misconceptions are a signal that Bataille haunt McElhinney's scene but is not part of it" surmising that "McElhinney's appropriation of Batallie's novella indicates his own avant-garde status as a director who has chosen formally to revise serious sexual literature on screen in a non-titillating way." Describing Geroges Bataille's Story of the Eye, Johnson pens that "McElhinney dispenses (almost entirely) with conventions that differentiate film from visual and video art. Speech is purposefully sparse, relationships between characters are neither explained nor set against any recognizable moral/familial scheme, and there is little narrative or plot. Interestingly, whereas McElhinney designates his work as film, conventionally the text appears to adhere to definitions of video art" and that the "effect on the spectator can thus be perceived as a violent rocking motion, leaving the viewer with a feeling of disorientation, nausea, and fascination." Johnson remarks that "McElhinney's vision in Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye is interesting in the way which it combines avant-garde filmmaking and underground, trash, queer, and explicit content. It also allusively sketches in the history of eroticism from the nineteenth century to the present including the boredom that Bataille finds in 'the pleasures of the flesh' that are served up for delectation of decent people." In conclusion, Johnson connects her observations on McElhinney's Bataille movie back to Bataille himself. "The power of the spectator is further interrogated by the ambiguous reality of witnessing female characters/actors' trauma. After watching women endlessly climb the staircase, we see her finally reaching the top. The woman walks towards a window and witnesses (by the slicing of the original footage) the murder of the former American President John F. Kennedy. As previously mentioned, this scene posits a Bataillean reference in that it demonstrates the visual spectacle of death and links it, in proximity to the erotic image of woman by way of making visible the eroticism of Jackie Kennedy's proximity to (her lover's) death. As Bataille states in Inner Experience: 'There is in understanding a blind spot: which is reminiscent of the structure of the eye. That nature of understanding demands that the blind spot within it be more meaningful than understanding itself'(110). Thus, as Bataille explicates, the blind spot 'absorbs one's attention: it is no longer the spot which loses itself in knowledge, but knowledge which loses itself in it'(111). References External links ARMcinema25.com Andrew Repasky McElhinney's website The Chestnut Hill Local. "Charismatic G'town dancer/actress/designer dies at 39." 21 February 2016. https://www.chestnuthilllocal.com/stories/charismatic-gtown-danceractressdesigner- dies-at-39,8051 Film Threat International 22 September 2004. https://filmthreat.com/uncategorized/georges- batailles-story-of-the-eye The Film Journal- "Gene Bender: An Interview with Andrew Repasky McElhinney." Issue 11, January 2005. ISSN:1542-0868 Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye at Rotten Tomatoes The New York Times> Movies> Movie Review |' Georges Bataille's Story of the Eye': Exploring the Temptation to Look (and to Look Away) https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/22/movies/exploring-the-temptation-to-look-and-to-look- away.html Realism and the Audiovisual Media. Hampshire,UK: Palgrave, Macmillan, 2009. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9780230577220 "Realism, Real Sex, and the Experimental Film: Mediating Eroticism in Geroges Bataille's Story of the Eye -https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230246973 10 2004 films 2000s avant-garde and experimental films American avant-garde and experimental films Films based on French novels Georges Bataille 2000s American films

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17169102

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9%20law

Pelé law

The Pelé law is a Brazilian law that forces professional sports clubs to observe business law and pay tax within two years. Introduction On March 24, 1998, Law N. 9.615/98 stipulates that by 2001, clubs can sign a maximum five-year contract with a player when they turns 16 and stand to receive only a "penalty fee" of up to 100 times their monthly wage if they leaves before then. If a player fulfills the contract without renewing then they can leave and join a new club as a free agent. The previous club receives no transfer fee or compensation in this transaction with the player's new club. The introduction of Pelé law also permits the formation of independent leagues by sports clubs across Brazil, which was a notion not previously allowed under the governance of the Brazilian Football Confederation. The original aspects of Pelé law As referred to above, Pelé law regulates all aspects of sports in Brazil. This law embraces general rules about Brazilian sports law, regardless of the sports modality in question. Due to its comprehensive nature we will restrict our analysis to the most controversial aspects. We will not discuss some aspects of Pelé law, such as disciplinary codes, Brazilian internal sports organization, sports courts composing, gambling regulations and other. This analysis includes the following aspects: (i) establishment of leagues; (ii) establishment of for profit sports enterprise organizations; (iii) labor contracts rules; (iv) Arena; and (v) insurance policies for athletes. Establishment of leagues Article 20 of Pelé law and its 5 subsections regulate the establishment of leagues. The caput of this article allows clubs that take part in any national or regional competition and are members of the Brazilian National Sports System to found leagues. These leagues will be private legal entities, and may, among other issues, negotiate on behalf of their members, sponsorship agreements, advertising and broadcasting contracts. The establishment of leagues must be notified to the national sports administration entities (“NSAE”) such as federations and confederations and such leagues are totally independent from the NSAE. Since the leagues are independent from the referred to entities, these are not allowed to interfere with the league private matters. Affiliation with a league does not imply in disaffiliation of the NSAE board. The club may participate in competitions organized by both entities, without legal restriction. Arising form such legal permission, from 2001 football clubs started to organize themselves in leagues, which lead to the weakening of “CBF” (Brazilian Football Confederation) political power, for that body would no longer organize the Brazilian football championship, being left to organize solely the Brazil Cup, and being responsible for the national team. However, aiming to avoid confrontation with CBF, and consequently with FIFA, as well as avoiding the possibility of being forbidden to take part in the Copa Libertadores, the teams taking part in the Brazilian Professional Football League agreed that the Brazilian Championship in 2002 will be organized and promoted by the League jointly with CBF. Establishment of for-profit sports enterprise organizations According to articles 27 and 27A in Pelé law, any club – be it of football or not – has the right to shift into a corporation, such change not being mandatory. Differing from Spain and Portugal, there is no specific modality of a company destined exclusively to sports clubs in Brazil. There is no such a legal entity as called a "sports joint stock company". In case a club should have the interest in a total change - or a change specifically in its football or volleyball department - into a corporation, the model adopted could be any of those as foreseen by law. That is, on deciding to change into a corporation, the club can make an option for a Stock Company, a Limited Liability Company, a Foundation, among other. Following the established in FIFA Statute (article 7, N.5), taking into consideration the ENIC case, and aiming to reassure the "incertitude sportive", Law N. 9.981/00 has imposed a veto to any simultaneous participation of an individual or a corporation in the capital stock of two or more clubs disputing the same professional competition. Such veto also embraces the joint ownership investments, indirect capital participation, and relatives ownership in sports clubs. The sponsorship in shirts and the administration of trademark and sports events ("stadiums") exploitation are counted out of this veto. Weird as it can be, that same article brings the prohibition of companies granted with the exploitation of radio and television services, be it open television or cable, to sponsor any sports club. Professional athlete's labor contract Article 28 of Pelé law stipulates the most relevant aspects of the professional athlete's labor contract (PALC), that are: all labor contracts must be written and co-signed by athlete and a club, or a club enterprise; have a specific and determinate term; payment for the service must be clearly stated in the contract; and penalty clause in cases of defaulting, breaching of contract and unilateral rescission of the contract. The absence of any of above mentioned aspects will nullify the contract. A valid contract is formed only if both parties intend the act of signing to be the last act in the formation of a binding contract. The requirement of a written contract implies that the athlete must be able to understand its terms and sign his or her name and also to avoid discussions about the existence of labor relation between the club and athlete. The parties in a PALC must be an athlete and a club or a sports enterprise. This provision intends to hinder the action of agents. However, the law does not prohibit the ownership of a club by an agent. The term of a PALC must be clearly stated in the contract, and pursuant to Article 30 of Pelé law the minimum term of a PALC is 3 (three) months and a maximum is 5 (five) years. However, a PALC may have its terms suspended if the athlete becomes unable to exercise his activity due to an occupational accident or disease, suffered in the club or while defending any team selection. Article 31 of Pelé law provides that if the club has not effected partially or totally the payment for the services for 3 (three) consecutive months, the PALC can be rescinded by the athlete without the latter incurring in any fine. Moreover, pursuant article 32 of Pelé law, if the mentioned partial or total late payment lasts 2 (two) or more months, the athlete is allowed to stop playing for his team. In case the athlete is asked to integrate the national or regional team, pursuant to article 41, the NSAE responsible for the national team shall be liable for the payment of the wages of the athletes for the services during the period that he/she will be under NSAE disposal. The payment encompasses not only wages but also gratification, bonuses, benefits and reserves. Two other forms of payment may be included in the contract. These are known as (i) "bicho" and (ii) Arena. The Arena will be explained later. "Bicho" is a money prize paid by the club to an athlete according to the team's performance, such as winning a championship, winning or drawing a match, qualifying to other championship phases, among others. The "bicho" may be established in the contract, but this is not usual. Paragraph #2 of article 28 is one of the most controversial aspects of the Pelé law, once it has abolished the "passe". "Passe" was a legal determination that an athlete remains "tied" to the club even after the termination of a labor contract. Therefore, a tie-release amount was due to the club by another club if the latter wished to offer the athlete a new labor contract. Pursuant article 93 of Pelé law, the abolishment of "passe" only took effectiveness on March 24, 2001. After the extinction of the "passe", what will keep the athlete bound to a football club is his labor contract, and at the final term of this the athlete will be free to change teams without payment of any indemnification whatsoever to his former club. However, in case the athlete wishes to change clubs during the effectiveness of his contract, or in case the club wishes to release the athlete during the contract effectiveness, the payment of penalty for rescission shall be due, according to the contract provisions for such events. According to paragraph 3 of article 38 in Pelé law, the amount of the penalty clause is freely established by the parties entering the contract, but shall be limited to 100 times the annual remuneration agreed to. Paragraph 4 of that same article establishes an automatic annual reduction on the penalty clause. On the first year of the accomplished contract, the penalty clause shall have a reduction of 10%; on the second year, the reduction shall be of 20%; on the third year, 40%; and on the fourth year, 80%. It is important to note that according to Pelé law, the limit of the penalty clause and the referred to reductions will only be applicable in the transfers between Brazilian clubs. When such transfer occurs to foreign clubs, the amount of the penalty clause is of free stipulation. There are two more exceptions to the amount of the penalty clause, being both of them only applicable in the event of the club having formed the player from its base categories: In this case, the maximum amount for the penalty clause, in the rescission of a labor contract during its effectiveness, is no longer of 100 times the annual remuneration, but increases to 200 times such value; and If at the end of the labor contract, for the period of 6 months as counted from the end of the contract, and provided the club continues paying that athlete's wages, the amount for the penalty clause can be up to 150 times the contracted annual remuneration. Arena (broadcast rights) Arena is a right that the club has due to the use of its image during a match. The club has the right to negotiate the broadcasting of its matches and participation on championships as established in the caput of article 42 of Pelé law. However, pursuant to paragraph # 1 of the same article, 20% (twenty per cent) of the income related to the broadcasting of the matches must be equally distributed to all Athletes of the team. The amounts received as transfer of the broadcasting rights are not considered wages, therefore they cannot be used as basis for calculation of the penalty clause established in article 28 of Pelé law as explained above. Insurance policies for athletes Article 45 of Pelé law obliges the club to insure all its Athletes. The relevant insurance policies must cover personal and occupational accidents. Pelé law provides that the indemnity must correspond to the negotiated annual wages of the athlete. Modifications to the law By Oct 2002, for being a controversial law, given it changed drastically the football culture in Brazil, Pelé law has been suffering mutilations since its promulgation. In less than 4 years of being in force, the law has already been through 3 major alterations, most of them based financial and political interests, never sports ones. Only 58% of the original text remains. References General Aspects of Brazilian Sports Law and Its Daily Applicability Written 2002 by Luiz Roberto Martins Castro Taxation in Brazil Association football law 2001 in Brazilian football 2001 in Brazil

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17169135

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karanle

Karanle

The Karanle is a major Somali, sub clan of Hawiye. The Karanle inhabit Galgaduud, Banadir, Mogadishu, Hiiraan, Shabeellaha Hoose, Lower Juba and Mudug regions in Somalia; the Somali Region of Ethiopia; the region of Oromia surrounding the city of Harar and North Eastern Province in Kenya. The Karanle are traditionally the eldest subclan of Hawiye and have played an important role in mediation. They are said to be the maternal ancestors of many large clan families such as the Hiraab, the Bimal and some Ogaden subclans. The Karanle are credited for fighting foreign invaders in Somalia and Ethiopia where they historically shared a long border. Karanle are divided into four subclans Kaariye Karanle Gidir Karanle Seexawle Karanle Murusade Karanle Notable Karanle members Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Somali Imam and General of the Adal Sultanate, Ruler of Harar and Conqueror of Ethiopia Sheikh Mohamed Khalif, Harari Scholar, Muslim Ato who introduced Islam of Emperor Lij Yasu Hassan Ali Khaire, Prime Minister of Somalia, 2017–2020 Abdulkadir Yahya Ali, Peace Activist, Founder of the Center for Research and Dialogue Ali Mohamed Osoble "Wardhigley", MP Elected from Mogadishu, Minister of Information, Health and Labour, Vice Chairman of SNM, Chairman of USC Mohamed Afrah Qanyare, Politician, Businessman, Chairman of the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) Hassan Moalim, Minister, Power Broker, Chairman of Daljir Party References Ethnic groups in Somalia Somali clans Somali clans in Ethiopia

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17169142

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patito%20Feo

Patito Feo

Patito Feo (in English, Ugly Duckling) is an Argentine telenovela produced by Ideas del Sur that aired in first run on Canal 13 from 2007 to 2008. After the success in Argentina, Disney Channel bought the broadcast rights and began broadcasting the TV show internationally, becoming a global phenomenon. Patito Feo is set in the Pretty Land School of Arts, a prestigious private music school on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, with a major plot line revolving around two teen girl groups – Las Populares, led by Patito Castro (Laura Esquivel) and Las Divinas, led by Antonella Lamas Bernardi (Brenda Asnicar) – who will compete to win the talent show and sign a record label. Plot Patricia, kindly known as Patito, has to left her humble life in Bariloche with her mother, Carmen, to move to the big city of Buenos Aires. For health reasons, both travel so Patito can receive the medical treatment that she needs. To Carmen's surprise, the doctor of the hospital will be her unforgettable old love, Leandro, the unknown father that Patito has been waiting to find for years. Due to her passion for music, Patito joins the Pretty Land School of Arts, where she will meet Antonella, the queen bee of the prestigious private school. Antonella is the daughter of Blanca, who is engaged to Leandro for financial reasons. Antonella is unaware that her family is made up of a group of swindlers, which is why her presumed deceased father is actually in prison in Spain. Patito and Antonella will become best frenemies. Despite their differences, both share the same dreams: reunite with their respective fathers and became music stars. Two decisive groups will be formed at the Pretty Land School of Arts: Las Divinas, led by Antonella, and Las Populares, led by Patito, who will compete to win the talent show and sign a record label. Cast Main characters Laura Esquivel as Patricia "Patito" Díaz-Rivarola Castro Brenda Asnicar as Antonella Lamas Bernardi Juan Darthés as Leandro Díaz Rivarola Griselda Siciliani as Carmen Castro Gloria Carrá as Blanca Bernardi Las Populares Thelma Fardin as Josefina Beltrán Eva De Dominici as Tamara Valiente María Sol Berecoechea as Sol Démini Gastón Soffritti as Matías Beltrán Juan Manuel Guilera as Gonzalo Molina Rodrigo Velilla as Felipe Sánchez Nicolás Zuviria as Alan Luna Nicolás Torcanowsky as Santiago Peep Las Divinas Camila Outon as Pía Zanetti Camila Salazar as Caterina Artina Nicole Luis as Luciana Menditegüi Andrés Gil as Bruno Molina Santiago Talledo as Guido Leinez Brian Vainberg as Facundo Lamas Bernardi Background The series started filming in 2006 in Buenos Aires. With a huge marketing push, the show started its run in April 2007 in Canal 13. In September of that year, the show started airing in the entire Spanish-speaking Latin America market on the Disney Channel and soon, the program became a sensation among kids and teens in the entire continent. When it debuted, Patito Feo performed exceptionally not only on TV but also on merchandising sales. The soundtrack album was the best-selling album of 2008 in the country and over 100 licensed products were released. An official magazine exceeded sales expectations and had its initial print sold out within a week and a stamp album also had record sales for Panini in Argentina. The song Las Divinas was the best-selling ringtone ever in the country. In Argentina, 400.000 tickets were sold for the first national live tour, over 150.000 in Buenos Aires and 90.000 in the litoral city of Mar Del Plata during the summer. Afterwards, the complete cast toured Latin America with over 700.000 tickets sold for shows in Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Panama, Dominican Republic, Uruguay, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, El Salvador, Bolivia and Paraguay. In 2008, Patito Feo won the Martin Fierro Award and received a nomination for the International Emmy Award for Best Children & Young Adults program. The show became a huge success soon after its debut. The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 2007 according to CAPIF, over 70 licensed products were released and the cast toured Argentina (with stops in Buenos Aires, where over 160,000 people saw the live concert, Mendoza, Córdoba, Mar del Plata, Rosario, Salta, Tucuman and Santa Fe) and, subsequently, the rest of South America, North America and Central America with stops in Mexico, Chile, Uruguay, Panama, Dominican Republic, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Ecuador, El Salvador, Bolivia and Turkey, selling out arenas and stadiums. In 2008, Patito Feo won the Martin Fierro Award and received a nomination for the International Emmy Award for Best Children & Young Adults program. Although the show was incredibly well received by the audience, Patito Feo attracted huge criticism due to the fact it glamorized the villains, a group of mean and beautiful girls that called themselves Las Divinas (The Divines). Besides being superficial, Las Divinas were also mean and bullied Patito. The fact the villains were much more popular among young girls than the main character caused concern over some groups and the issue was even on the cover Noticias, Argentina's most important current affairs magazine, under the headline "The Triumph of Discrimination". In early 2008, under the name De Tout Mon Coeur, Patito Feo started airing on children channel Gulli in France. It soon became a huge success, being the most-watched show on the channel. A few months later, Elastic Rights bought the rights to distribute the show in Italy, Portugal and Spain. In Italy, Il Mondo di Patty and debuted on the Disney Channel and soon became a gigantic hit. Due to the big popularity, a huge merchandising line was unveiled and Laura Esquivel visited the country to promote the show. The rights were bought by terrestrial Mediaset-owned Italia 1 which started airing the show in the Summer of 2009. Il Mondo di Patty became an even bigger success in the country, being one of the most-watched shows on the channel. Also in 2008, Patito Feo debuted on Cartoon Network in Spain. It was very well received and became one of the top shows among young girls on cable. In 2009, it debuted on the Disney Channel and became one of the highest-rated shows on cable in Spain, topping Hannah Montana. In Italy and Spain, the show spawned over 200 merchandising including toys, apparel, cosmetics, food items and a video game for PlayStation and a special Singstar game. The soundtrack album was certified over 5× Platinum in both countries. It was also a huge rating hit in Portugal, Greece and Turkey. In Greece, the album was certified for 11× Platinum. With the success of the show, Laura Esquivel launched a successful Italian acting career in Italy, where she stars in movies and TV shows. Legal problems between the executive producers of the show and the production company made hard for the cast to tour in those countries. However, a new musical with local actors was licensed and, even though none of the original cast members were part of the production (with the exception of Laura Esquivel for a few special presentations), over 250.000 tickets were sold in Italy and Spain. Over 30.000 tickets were sold for concerts in Athens. Legal problems In late 2008, Alejandro Stoessel, creator of Patito, was fired. Disagreements between him and the production company started after two shows he was in charge of, the second season of Patito Feo and the teen-oriented show Atraccion x 4, failed to reach expectations and ended up being canceled. After parting ways with the company, he started a lawsuit against Ideas del Sur asking for a part of Patito Feo profits because he claims he was responsible for creating the entire concept. The lawsuit not only was the reason a new leg of a Latin American tour was canceled but also a European tour, where the show was also enjoying huge popularity. After his dismissal, Alejandro Stoessel was hired by Dori Media to develop a new show targeted to kids and teenagers. At the same time, Ideas del Sur started to develop a new youth-oriented show, Malcriados (now titled Consentidos), and chose Brenda Asnicar, who had enjoyed high popularity in her role as Antonella, as one of the lead actresses. At the same time, Dori Media and Stoessel wanted her to star in their new show, Ñeka. Brenda finally decided to do the Dori Media project and, not satisfied with being turned down, Ideas de Sur started a lawsuit against Brenda's management since her contract stipulated she should prioritize Ideas del Sur projects over other production companies. Finally, Ñeka was renamed Mia, mi Amiga Invisible and will debut at Mipcom in Cannes starring Brenda. But the show is also facing various lawsuits: besides Ideas del Sur, Valeria Britos, the creator of the original script (when it was titled Ñeka), is also suing Dori Media. The lawsuit prevented the cast, especially Brenda Asnicar, of touring across Europe in 2010 to promote the show. International release References External links Official site (archived 2007, in Spanish) Musical telenovelas 2007 telenovelas 2007 Argentine television series debuts 2008 Argentine television series endings 2000s children's television series Disney Channel original programming Spanish-language telenovelas Teen telenovelas Children's telenovelas El Trece telenovelas Television series about teenagers mk:Грдото пајче nap:Il Mondo Di Patty

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Berkowitz

Ralph Berkowitz

Ralph Berkowitz (September 5, 1910 – August 2, 2011) was an American composer, classical musician, and painter. Biography Berkowitz was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Romanian Jewish couple, Matilda and William Berkowitz who had emigrated from Roman and Bucharest. His father was instrumental in shaping young Ralph's musical culture and experience. In 1927, he enrolled at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia where he later became a member of the teaching staff. In 1940, he became accompanist for Gregor Piatigorsky, with whom he appeared until the cellist's death in 1976. Other musical partners included the tenor Jan Peerce, cellist Felix Salmond, and violinist and composer George Enescu. He recorded extensively with Piatigorsky and others, including the violinist Eudice Shapiro. From 1946 to 1951, Berkowitz served as an executive assistant to Serge Koussevitzky at Tanglewood and later became Dean of the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood in 1951, a position he held until 1961. As Dean, he presided over a faculty that included Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, and many others. Illustrious students in those years included Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel and Claudio Abbado. He, along with Boston Symphony manager Todd Perry, was largely instrumental in keeping the Tanglewood Festival alive following Koussevitsky's death. Berkowitz has been widely published as an arranger and composer. His A Telephone Call, for singer and orchestra is his most extended work. In 1961 Berkowitz moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico, where he lived until his death in 2011. He first came to Albuquerque in 1940 to serve as a guest artist with a chamber music series called The June Music Festival. He remained active as an artist for the Festival into the 1980s. Berkowitz became manager of the then Albuquerque Civic Orchestra (now New Mexico Symphony Orchestra) when he moved to New Mexico and served until 1968, seeing the Orchestra through its move to its current home—Popejoy Hall at the University of New Mexico. Berkowitz commissioned Daron Hagen to compose one of his most intellectually rigorous works, a set of Piano Variations based on a theme made up of pitches derived from Berkowitz's and Hagen's names, in 2002. The work is available from Carl Fischer. Berkowitz reached his centenary in September 2010 and died in August of the following year. Discography "RCA Red Seal Century - Soloists & Conductors", 2 CD / RCA Records / 2001-10-23 "Stravinsky: Petroushka Suite; Toch: Violin Sonata", 1 CD / Crystal Records / 1998-01-02 References 1910 births 2011 deaths American classical pianists American male classical pianists American people of Romanian-Jewish descent Musicians from Brooklyn American centenarians 20th-century classical pianists Curtis Institute of Music alumni Curtis Institute of Music faculty Jewish American classical musicians 20th-century American pianists Classical musicians from New York (state) 20th-century American male musicians Men centenarians 21st-century American Jews

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17169170

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakewood%20Speedway

Lakewood Speedway

Lakewood Speedway was a race track located south of Atlanta, Georgia, in Lakewood, just north of the eastern arm of Langford Parkway (formerly Lakewood Freeway). The track held many kinds of races between 1919 and 1979, including events sanctioned by AAA/USAC, IMCA, and NASCAR. It was a one-mile (1.6 km) dirt track which was located adjacent to Lakewood Fairgrounds. Lakewood Speedway was considered the "Indianapolis of the South" as it was located in the largest city in the Southern United States and it held an annual race of the Indy cars. History In 1916, Atlanta officials chose the Lakewood Fairgrounds as the site for agricultural fairs. They built a one-mile (1.6 km) horse racing track around a lake at the fairgrounds. The first events were held at the track on July 4, 1917. The feature events were a horse race and motorcycle race, before 23,000 spectators. A first automobile race was held at the track later that year; it featured Barney Oldfield in a match race against Ralph DePalma which attracted 15,000 spectators. In the 1920s and 1930s, the International Motor Contest Association (IMCA) held car racing events during fairs and the American Automobile Association (AAA)/USAC held an annual event on July 4. By 1938, the track was hosting races with champ cars, horses, midgets, modifieds, motorcycles, and boats (in the infield lake). The Atlantic States Racing Association, Central States Auto Racing Association, Gulf States Automobile Association, International Stock Car Racing Association, and Motor Internationale Association all sanctioned events at the track. The track closed in 1941, like all United States racetracks, because the U.S. government banned all automobile racing to conserve materials during World War II. Racing resumed after the war; Lakewood became the premier track on the National Stock Car Racing Association circuit. Following the NSCRA's folding, NASCAR held its first race at the track in 1951. It held eleven Grand National Series and two Convertible division races in the 1950s. Atlanta Motor Speedway opened 20 miles south of Atlanta in 1960. The new took away the NASCAR dates and began draining on Lakewood's appeal. Lakewood was resurfaced in 1967. Evel Knievel made an appearance at Lakewood Speedway in 1972. He was scheduled to make a jump, but had injured his back the week before. After another stuntman, Wicked Ward, performed the motorcycle jump, Evel Knievel was brought to the track in an ambulance, where he was lifted onto his motorcycle by four assistants. He then drove up and down the track, popping wheelies for the crowd. The track fell into disuse in the late 1970s. It officially closed on September 3, 1979 with Buck Simmons winning the final race ever held there, it was then allowed to be overgrown with grass and bushes. Monthly flea markets and a few concerts were held at the exhibition halls on the fairgrounds. As of 2008, the grandstand is still standing, but the third and fourth turns of the racetrack are covered by the back parking lot for Lakewood Amphitheatre. A road crosses the turn two, and the frontstretch was paved to become an access road to Lakewood Avenue. Most of the lake has been filled. Deaths at Lakewood Speedway Most of the infield was the lake, which made the track dangerous when drivers made a mistake. The turns at each end of the track had different radii, like Darlington Speedway has today. Several drivers died in crashes at the speedway. George Robson and George Barringer died in a four-car crash on the second last lap at a Champ car race on September 2, 1946. Billy De Vore was attempting to finish the race at a slow pace after he had engine problems when Robson crashed into his car. Robson was unable to see De Vore's car until it was too late because the dust in the air caused limited visibility. De Vore's car was pushed over a stone wall. Robson's car was hit by Barringer and Bud Bardowski's cars. Only nine cars were running at the time of the accident. Robson and Barringer died shortly after arriving at an area hospital. Race leader Ted Horn saw the crash; he futilely attempted to flag down the other drivers. Horn was declared the race winner. Skimp Hersey received severe burns in a stock car crash at Lakewood Park Speedway on June 11, 1950. He died the next day. Frank Luptow of Tampa, Florida died when the axle on his stock car broke causing it to flip over, crushing him in the process. Art Bisch died two days after sustaining head and chest injuries when his Champ Car smashed into the guardrail and rolled over twice in a USAC Champ car race held on July 4, 1958. Notable races Richard Petty took the checkered flag to win his first NASCAR Grand National race at the track in 1959. Second place finisher Lee Petty (Richard's father and car owner) protested the result, asking for a recount of the race's scorecards. NASCAR official recounted the scorecards and awarded the win to Lee Petty. Richard Petty went on to win 200 races. Gober Sosebee began his career in 1940 at the Speedway. Johnny Beauchamp recorded his first NASCAR victory at Lakewood Speedway in 1959. Curtis Turner, racing for Holman Moody raced 1959 Thunderbirds and won races at Lakewood Speedway. Bill Blair drove a 1952 Oldsmobile owned by George Hutchens to his second win at Lakewood Speedway on April 20, 1952. His final race was at Lakewood in 1958. Lakewood Speedway in the movies Lakewood Speedway was featured prominently in a few different movies. Scenes from the 1977 Burt Reynolds film, Smokey and the Bandit were staged at Lakewood. Race results NASCAR Results in the Grand National Series Results in the NASCAR Convertible Division Results for the short-lived NASCAR Speedway Division (open-wheel) AAA/USAC Championship Car References External links Images at the Georgia Automobile Racing Hall of Fame Association NASCAR tracks Sports venues in Atlanta Motorsport venues in Georgia (U.S. state) Defunct motorsport venues in the United States

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17169203

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuruoka%20National%20College%20of%20Technology

Tsuruoka National College of Technology

is a Japanese National College of Technology that is located in Tsuruoka, Yamagata. The abbreviated name is TNCT (Japanese: 鶴岡高専; Tsuruoka Kousen)。 History 1963 Tsuruoka National College of Technology was founded on April 1, 1963 (the two-class Department of Mechanical Engineering class and Department of Electronic Engineering). 1967　Department of Industrial Chemistry established. 1990　Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering came into being by reorganizing the two-class Department of Mechanical Engineering. 1993　Department of Industrial Chemistry was reorganized into Department of Material Engineering. 2003　Advanced Engineering Course was established. 2004　After the "Institution of National Colleges of Technology Japan" Act was enacted, this college has become the Tsuruoka College of Technology of the Institute of National Colleges of Technology Japan. 2005　Department of Electrical Engineering was renamed Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Departments Regular Course (Associate's degree Course) Five years' course. Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department of Control and Information Systems Engineering Department of Material Engineering Advanced Engineering Course (Bachelor's Degree Course) Two years' course. Graduated regular course student can enter this course after entrance examination acceptance. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering See also Colleges of technology in Japan Presidents Mosuke Hayashi (1963–1971) Shingi Saito (1971–1976) Shozo Watarai (1976–1981) Mayumi Someno (1981–1986) Jiro Shimizu (1986–1993) Mitsuo Abe (1993–2001) Tsutomu Nonaka (2001–2006) Masaaki Yokoyama (2006–2011) Yasushi Kato (2011–2016) Koji Takahashi (2016–present) External links Tsuruoka National College of Technology (Japanese) Engineering universities and colleges in Japan Universities and colleges in Yamagata Prefecture 1963 establishments in Japan Educational institutions established in 1963 Public universities in Japan Tsuruoka, Yamagata

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17169224

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuza

Shuza

was the Tokugawa shogunate's officially sanctioned cinnabar monopoly or cinnabar guild (za) which was created in 1609. Initially, the Tokugawa shogunate was interested in assuring a consistent value in minted coins; and this led to the perceived need for attending to the supply of cinnabar. This bakufu title identifies a regulatory agency with responsibility for supervising the handling and trading of cinnabar and for superintending all cinnabar mining and cinnabar-extraction activities in Japan. See also Bugyō Kinzan-bugyō Kinza – Gold za (monopoly office or guild). Ginza – Silver za (monopoly office or guild). Dōza – Copper za (monopoly office or guild) Notes References Hall, John W. (1955). Tanuma Okitsugu, 1719–1788: Forerunner of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 445621 Jansen, Marius B. (1995). Warrior Rule in Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ; OCLC 422791897 Schaede, Ulrike. (2000). Cooperative Capitalism: Self-Regulation, Trade Associations, and the Antimonopoly Law in Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ; OCLC 505758165 Takekoshi, Yosaburo. (1930). The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan. New York: Macmillan Publishers. OCLC 313511699 Government of feudal Japan Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate Economy of feudal Japan 1609 establishments in Japan Monopolies Guilds in Japan

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17169249

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Loftus%2C%20Marchioness%20of%20Ely

Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely

Jane Loftus, Marchioness of Ely (née Hope-Vere; 3 December 1821 – 11 June 1890) was an English lady of the bedchamber and a close friend of Queen Victoria. Her parents were James Hope-Vere and Lady Elizabeth Hay, and through her mother she was a cousin of Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington. After her marriage to John Loftus, the third Marquess of Ely, she developed friendships with Queen Sophie of the Netherlands and the Empress Eugénie. Jane arrived at court as a Lady of the Bedchamber in 1851, and despite her own nervousness and lack of discretion, she became a close companion of Queen Victoria until her resignation in 1889. Her service was marred by her constant illnesses and fear of the Queen, but she proved a loyal and devoted servant, deferring to her royal mistress in all matters. Jane died on 11 June 1890 and is buried at Kensal Green cemetery in London. Early life Jane was the daughter of James Hope-Vere, Member of Parliament for Ilchester, and Lady Elizabeth Hay. Her father was a descendant of the Marquess of Linlithgow. Through her cousin Elizabeth, Lady Douro, she became a friend of Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington. On 29 October 1844, Jane married John Loftus, the third Marquess of Ely, and the couple spent much of their time on Ely's Irish estates, such as Loftus Hall in County Wexford, but they also visited the continent frequently. Jane developed friends in high places, including Queen Sophie of the Netherlands and the Empress Eugénie. Jane represented Queen Victoria at the birth of Empress Eugénie's son, Napoléon, Prince Imperial. Attendance on Queen Victoria Jane was appointed as a lady of the Queen's bedchamber on 15 July 1851. Although hard-working, loyal and devoted, she lacked the knowledge and discretion required for the role. In 1855, Mary Bulteel, later the wife of the Queen's private secretary Sir Henry Ponsonby, disapproved of Jane's conduct, and commented that “Lady E[ly]. is more utterly the reverse from what she ought to be on this occasion than anybody can possibly conceive. I mean, I see she is preparing to be foolishly cringing to all the little miseries of etiquette...I quite long for somebody as the Queen's first lady with more natural dignity”. Despite her shortcomings, the Queen came to rely heavily on “Dearest Jane”, as she was referred to. The Queen required the utmost effort and devotion from her servants, and Jane followed this code of conduct with total deference to her royal mistress. However, her health suffered as a result, and it remained a constant burden throughout her waiting. In a letter from Henry Ponsonby to Sir Thomas Biddulph, another courtier, he reported that Jane “was principally taken up with her own health”. Jane was also concerned about her own health, and in 1876, she confided to Ponsonby that “she cannot go on as it is, that it is killing her”, and he advised her to write to the Queen threatening to resign if her position was not made easier. The Queen relented, but continued to impose restrictions on Jane's contact with the outside world. Jane's son, who became the 4th Marquess on the death of his father in 1857, was anxious to visit, but the Queen would not allow him to. Instead, he requested an interview with Ponsonby about his mother's arduous duties; Ponsonby accepted, but Jane said “oh no, perhaps the Queen would not like it”. Ponsonby referred to this fear of the Queen as absurd, knowing that the Queen would not be angry with him for paying a visit to Jane's son. Although her service was marred by her nervousness, and taxed her health, Jane Ely quickly became one of the Queen's most trusted attendants. The Queen referred to Jane as “almost one of ourselves”, which indicates the difference that Victoria liked to maintain between herself and non-royals. Jane became the most prominent of ladies that were recognised “agents” of the Queen, the others being Harriet Phipps and Horatia Stopford. The role was exploited, especially in the royal household, where they found in Jane a useful advocate to the Queen when requesting approval for a course of action. The use of Jane as an unofficial secretary was widely acknowledged in society, and references to her are found in many letters from the aristocracy. When the Earl of Beaconsfield fell out with the Queen after he refused to meet Lord Chelmsford, he wrote despairingly to Jane, with the probable intention that she would show it to the Queen, that “I love the Queen — perhaps the only person in this world left to me that I do love; and therefore you can understand how much it worries and disquiets me, when there is a cloud between us.” Personal life Jane's relationship with the Queen was close, but it became strained for a short period when rumours circulated that Jane was to remarry. Lord Torrington mentioned the possibility of her remarriage to Robert St Clair-Erskine, Lord Loughborough, but shortly afterwards, Jane personally denied that there was any truth in it. Other suitors included Count Cavour, the Piedmontese leader. Following the marriage of Princess Louise in 1871, Jane was asked to live with the Queen on a more permanent basis. She continued to serve until April 1889, when, following the death of her only son, she wrote to the Queen tendering her resignation, reporting that “this last blow has quite crushed” her. Following her resignation, she was granted the honorary title of Extra Lady of the Bedchamber. On 11 June 1890 she died at her home at 22 Wilton Place, Knightsbridge in London, and was interred next to her husband at Kensal Green cemetery. The Queen was informed by a telegram from Jane's daughter, and she confided to her journal that she was “much upset. God knows what an awful loss she is to me. She was absolutely devoted to me and we were so intimate”. Notes References Buckle, George Earle, ed., Letters of Queen Victoria 1886–1901 (Volume I; John Murray, London, 1930) Desant, Arthur Irwin, John Thadeus Delane, Editor of "The Times": His Life and Correspondence Vol. 2 (C. Scribner's Sons, 1908) Kennedy, A. L., ed., My dear duchess: social and political letters to the duchess of Manchester, 1858–1869 (John Murray, 1956) Longford, Elizabeth, Victoria R. I. (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971) Pearson, Hesketh, Dizzy: The Life & Personality of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield (Harper, 1951) Ponsonby, Arthur, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary, His Life from His Letters (Periodicals Service Co., 1942) Reynolds, K. D., ‘Loftus , Jane, marchioness of Ely (1821–1890)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 29 April 2008 Aristocratic Women and Political Society in Victorian Britain (Clarendon Press, 1998) 1821 births 1890 deaths Irish marchionesses Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery Ladies of the Bedchamber Court of Queen Victoria

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17169261

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20State%20House%20%28Providence%2C%20Rhode%20Island%29

Old State House (Providence, Rhode Island)

The Old State House on College Hill in Providence, Rhode Island, also known as Providence Sixth District Court House, Providence Colony House, Providence County House, and Rhode Island State House is located on 150 Benefit Street, with the front facade facing North Main Street. It is a brick Georgian-style building largely completed in 1762. It was used as the meeting place for the colonial and state legislatures for 149 years. On May 4, 1776, meeting in the building, the General Assembly declared its independence, renouncing its allegiance to the British crown, and the date is now celebrated as Rhode Island Independence Day. Debates about slavery occurred in the building in the late 18th century. George Washington visited the building in 1781 and 1790. Other visitors to the building in the 18th and 19th centuries included Frederick Douglass and Susan B. Anthony. History Early history From colonial times to the mid-19th century, the Rhode Island General Assembly rotated meetings between the state's five county court houses; five of these former Rhode Island state houses survive today. In 1730, a statehouse known as the Providence Colony House or County House was built on Meeting Street on the site now occupied by the Brick Schoolhouse. The wooden building burned down in December 1758. In 1760 The General Assembly constructed the current building as the new Providence Colony House, on a site which overlooked The Parade, the location of ceremonial processions. The new building, which was smaller than the building is now, was based on the Colony House in Newport, Rhode Island, which was the first Colony House built, and served as a model for others. The building was constructed of Flemish bond brick with rusticated brownstone quoins and wooden trim. It was largely finished by 1762 with some details being completed as late as 1771. Many of the Georgian details were borrowed from the larger and more ornate Newport Colony House. The building's interior, specifically, resembled the Newport building, following the traditional layout of English town halls. Prior to 19th century alterations to the Providence State House, the two buildings greatly resembled one another After 1853 the state legislature ceased meeting at Kent, Washington and Bristol county courthouses, but continued to alternate its sessions between the Colony Houses in Providence and Newport into the early 20th century. 19th and 20th century The building was extensively renovated and dramatically altered several times in the 19th century. In 1840, the building was remodeled by Rhode Island architect, Russell Warren. This renovation involved the replacement of original windows with sash windows and the rearragement of portions of the interior. It was again altered in 1850, when Thomas A. Tefft of Tallman & Bucklin added the large tower facing Main Street, and a reorganization of nearly the entire interior. In 1867 James C. Bucklin designed an addition on Benefit Street that nearly doubled the size of the building. Both of these additions were sympathetic to the building's original design. The building was refurbished in 1877–1883, to designs by Stone & Carpenter. The building served as the legislature's meeting place until 1901, when the new Rhode Island State House began being occupied. The building was completely finished in 1904, and it was decided to use the old building as a courthouse. Major internal alterations by Banning & Thornton were completed in 1906, and the building re-opened as the Sixth District Courthouse. By 1901 the new Rhode Island State House was occupied on Smith Hill and the legislature vacated the Old State House, although it remained in use as a Court House until 1975. In 1970 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places; the following year the building was listed a contributing structure to the College Hill Historic District. Since 1975, the building has been home to the Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission, which oversees it maintenance and renovation. In 2020, the building underwent a renovation and restoration effort. Interior An open space hall for public meeting was located on the main floor and later became a courtroom. On the second floor was the House of Representatives and Senate chambers. Additional space was create for the governor's and secretary of state's offices. Today, the former Council Chamber is the only room to retain its original furnishings. As a result of the various expansions and renovations, the only room in the building which is largely original is the office of the secretary of state on the second floor. Gallery See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island References Notes External links Main Website at Preservation RI Buildings and structures in Providence, Rhode Island Georgian architecture in Rhode Island Government buildings completed in 1762 Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island County courthouses in Rhode Island Rhode Island Government buildings in Rhode Island Clock towers in Rhode Island National Register of Historic Places in Bristol County, Rhode Island Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Rhode Island

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17169266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilson%20Cortes

Nilson Cortes

Nilson Armes Cortes (born March 29, 1977) is a Colombian football striker. At club level he currently plays for Once Caldas in the Copa Mustang. A great season with Once Caldas has recently got him a callup for a friendly game against Venezuela on April 30. External links 1977 births Living people Colombian men's footballers Colombia men's international footballers Girardot F.C. footballers Independiente Santa Fe footballers Millonarios F.C. players Boyacá Chicó F.C. footballers Once Caldas footballers Categoría Primera A players Categoría Primera B players Men's association football midfielders Footballers from Barranquilla

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17169269

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena%20Fujii

Lena Fujii

(born on July 2, 1984) is a Japanese commercial fashion model and singer. She is managed by Stellar Entertainment Agency and sometimes goes by the name "Lena". Fujii was scouted in Harajuku and is best known for her work for Japanese fashion magazine ViVi. Biography Early life Fujii was born in Kawasaki City, Japan to an American father of Japanese and Swiss descent and a Japanese mother. Fujii has a younger brother, Arthur. As a high school student, she traveled to Switzerland to study English following bullying by her Japanese classmates, who would make comments such as "You're a fat one [foreigner] but you don't speak English". In Switzerland, she was also subject to bullying and racism, particularly from one female classmate, who would make racist comments. When Fujii initially joined her management company, her debut coincided with two other new models, and Fujii recalls getting the least attention. In recent years, she has become a renowned model in Japan, and is arguably one of the best known Japanese models both in and outside Japan. Career Fujii is a regular top print model for Japanese fashion magazines ViVi and sweet, as well as appearing in other magazines like VOCE, Lip, spring, and Cutie. She is the spokesmodel for Canmake Cosmetics and has previously been a spokemodel for the lingerie brand Peach John. She has also done television commercials for McDonald's and Panasonic. She was featured on the covers of DJ Kawasaki's albums Beautiful and Beautiful Too, where she was a vocalist in the song "Bright like Light feat. Lena Fujii". Kawasaki later went on to produce Fujii's debut 7-song house/techno album, titled Lena, released on April 2, 2008. Her first photo book, titled Lena, was released the same month on April 14, 2008. On July 2, 2008, Fujii released a compilation album, ViVi presents Holiday Style – selected by Lena Fujii . On July 11, 2009, Fujii held her first live concert at Luxy, a nightclub in Taipei, Taiwan. It was reported that she had attracted over one hundred members of the media to a press conference for the concert held the previous day. On November 4, 2009, Fujii released her second album, Rainbow, in which she performed a cover of Rihanna's hit song "Pon de Replay". On April 10, 2010, she released her second photo book No Make. She also produces her own jewellery line, titled Lounsbery. Fujii is also an actress, known for Rainbow Song-Niji no megami (2006) and Shibuya (2010). References External links 藤井リナ公式ブログ – Lena Fujii official blog Singers from Tokyo 1984 births Living people Japanese people of American descent Japanese people of Swiss descent Japanese female models Nippon Columbia artists Japanese women pop singers Stardust Promotion artists 21st-century Japanese singers 21st-century Japanese women singers Models from Tokyo Metropolis

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17169274

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dregs

Dregs

Dregs may refer to: Dregs (film), a 2017 Iranian film Sediment in wine, beer, Turkish coffee or other beverage "Dregs of Humanity", an episode of the It's Your Move TV series Audio Dregs, an independent music label Dixie Dregs (a.k.a. The Dregs), an American rock band Mass of the Fermenting Dregs, a post-rock/shoegaze trio formed in Kobe, Japan in 2002 See also D'regs, a nomadic and warlike people who inhabit the desert regions of hubward Klatch in the Discworld series

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17169277

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Council%20of%20Churches%20in%20the%20Philippines

National Council of Churches in the Philippines

The National Council of Churches in the Philippines (NCCP; ) is a fellowship of ten Protestant and non Roman Catholic Churches in the Philippines denominations, and ten service-oriented organizations in the Philippines. A member of the World Council of Churches and the Christian Conference of Asia, the NCCP represents close to twelve million Protestant adherents. Advocacy for environmental protection and against large-scale mining are part of its core mission. Christian organizations other than churches may be received as associate members. History and structure The NCCP was established in 1963. Its forerunners include the Philippine Federation of Christian Churches in 1949; the Philippine Federation of Evangelical Churches in 1939; the National Christian Council in 1929; the Evangelical Union in 1901; and the Missionary Alliance in 1900. It is currently organised in ten regional ecumenical councils: Cordillera Cagayan Valley Pangasinan-Ilocos-La Union-Abra Romblon-Mindoro Palawan Western Visayas Eastern Visayas Cotabato Misamis Oriental-Camiguin-Butuan-Lanao Basilan-Zamboanga-Misamis Occidental Regional Ecumenical Council The NCCP headquarters is located at 879 Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, West Triangle, Quezon City, 1104 Philippines. Its General Secretary is the Bishop Reuel Norman O. Marigza of the United Church of Christ in the Philippines. Vision and mission Vision Life in all its Fullness is what Jesus Christ lived and died for. NCCP envisions this life in a just, egalitarian, self-reliant, and sustainable society. Mission Our faith and vision move us to be an ecumenical fellowship of churches, be a channel for united witness and common action, by being in solidarity with the people in the struggle for justice, peace and the integrity of creation. List of member churches Some of member denominations and service-oriented organizations are: List of associate members Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities (ACSCU) Consortium of Christian Organizations for Rurban Development (CONCORD) Ecumenical Church Loan Foundation, Inc. (ECLOF) Kaisahang Buhay Foundation (KBF) Lingap Pangkabataan, Inc. (LPI) Manila Community Service, Inc. (MCSI) Philippine Bible Society (PBS) Student Christian Movement of the Philippines (SCMP) Union Church of Manila (UCM) Radio stations NCCP owns a few stations across the country. See also Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches Christianity in the Philippines Roman Catholicism in the Philippines Philippine Orthodox Church Protestantism in the Philippines Buddhism in the Philippines Hinduism in the Philippines Islam in the Philippines Mga Awit sa Pagsamba References External links Official Website of the National Council of Churches in the Philippines National councils of churches Christian organizations based in Asia Christian denominations in the Philippines Christian organizations established in 1963 1963 establishments in the Philippines

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17169283

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20349

United Nations Security Council Resolution 349

United Nations Security Council Resolution 349, adopted on May 29, 1974, after reaffirming previous resolutions on the topic, and noting recent encouraging developments, the Council extended the stationing in Cyprus of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus for a further period, now ending on December 15, 1974. The Council also called upon the parties directly concerned to continue to act with the utmost restraint and to co-operate fully with the peacekeeping force. The resolution was adopted by 14 votes to none, with one abstention from China. See also Cyprus dispute List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 301 to 400 (1971–1976) References Text of the Resolution at undocs.org External links 0349 0349 May 1974 events

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17169295

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes%20Streeting

Wes Streeting

Wesley Paul William Streeting (; born 21 January 1983) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care since 2021, and Member of Parliament (MP) for Ilford North since 2015. He served as Shadow Secretary of State for Child Poverty from May to November 2021, as Shadow Minister for Schools from 2020 to 2021, and as Shadow Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury from April to October 2020. He was also president of the National Union of Students (NUS), and Deputy Leader of Redbridge London Borough Council. Early life, family and education Streeting was born in Stepney, London, on 21 January 1983. His parents were teenagers when he was born. He has five brothers, a sister and a stepsister. His maternal grandfather was an armed robber who spent time in prison, and his grandmother became embroiled in his crimes and ended up in Holloway jail, where she met Christine Keeler (a key figure in the Profumo affair). According to Streeting, they "stayed in touch, they became friends." His grandmother was released from prison to give birth to his mother at Whittington Hospital. Streeting's two grandfathers, both named Bill, were key figures in his youth. His maternal grandfather was also familiar with the infamous East End Krays. He was "really well read and well informed", and engaged his grandson in lively discussions about religion and politics. Streeting’s paternal grandfather served in the Second World War in the Royal Navy and later in the merchant navy before becoming a civil engineer. He recalled: "He was the grandad I was closest to. He was a traditional working-class Tory." Streeting grew up in poverty living in a council flat. He recalls Conservative Party politicians in the 1990s "denigrating single-parent families like mine, which I took quite personally." He attended Westminster City School, a comprehensive state school in Victoria, London. He went on to study history at Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. Streeting previously had left the Labour Party because he opposed its decision to enter the Iraq War; however, he says Tony Blair did not act with malign intent. Streeting came out as gay in his second year of university. He served as Selwyn College's Junior Common Room (JCR) President, in which capacity he was a member of Cambridge University Students' Union (CUSU) Council. He was subsequently elected CUSU President for the 2004–05 academic year, a sabbatical officer role. As CUSU President, he campaigned against the proposed closure of Cambridge's architecture department. Working career Streeting was elected as President of the National Union of Students (NUS) in April 2008 as a candidate from Labour Students, with the support of the Union of Jewish Students. He had been a member of the NUS National Executive Committee since 2005, having previously held the post of Vice-President (Education) from 2006 to 2008. In April 2009, he was elected to a second term as President of the NUS. He also served as a member of the National Committee of Labour Students for four years during this time. As President of the NUS, Streeting was a strong proponent of his predecessor Gemma Tumelty's proposed reforms to the NUS governance structures, which had been denounced and narrowly defeated by many left-wing groups in NUS as an attack on NUS democracy. His election was reported by The Guardian as "a move that will lend weight to the fight to modernise the union". As NUS President, Streeting was a non-executive director of the NUS's trading arm, NUS Services Ltd, and of Endsleigh Insurance. He was also a non-executive director of the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), as well as the Higher Education academy, having served on their board as Vice President (Education) when he was also a non-executive director of the Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education (OIAHE). Shortly after his election as NUS President, Streeting was appointed as a member of the government's Youth Citizenship Commission, chaired by Professor Jonathan Tonge of the University of Liverpool, which published its report in June 2009. Streeting supported university tuition fees as President, consistent with UK government policy during the New Labour years. As The Independent pointed out, Streeting's decision put the NUS position on student fees to the right of the Liberal Democrats who had just committed to a policy of free education for all. Streeting worked for the Labour Party-related organisation Progress for a year. Progress was a pressure group created to support Tony Blair's New Labour in 1996 and continued to promote the thinking of the Blairite-Brownite wing of Labour until 2014. Progress was funded by David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville and coincided with Blair's announcement that he would abolish the party’s Clause IV commitment to old-style public ownership. After completing his term as President of the NUS, Streeting served as Chief Executive of the Helena Kennedy Foundation, an educational charity that promotes access to higher education for students from further education colleges. He went on to serve as head of education at Stonewall, a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights charity (for one year and six months), where he led their Education for All campaign to tackle homophobia in schools. He was subsequently a public sector consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), which he gave up on election as a councillor, because Redbridge Council was a "current audit client" of the firm; this forced him to choose between keeping his job or forcing a second by-election. It is not known how long Streeting worked for PwC; it is omitted from his LinkedIn page. In 2010, shortly after leaving PwC, Streeting was appointed as Head of Policy and Strategic Communications for Oona King's unsuccessful bid to win the Labour Party's nomination to be its candidate in the 2012 London Mayoral election. Politics Local politics In a July 2010 by-election, Streeting was elected as a Labour councillor for the Chadwell ward on Redbridge London Borough Council. He held the seat for Labour by 220 votes, winning with 31.5% of the vote (a fall of 1.4% for Labour in the ward) on a 25.5% turnout (a fall of 34.5% in turnout). The by-election had been triggered by a previously elected candidate subsequently being found to be ineligible to serve on the council. Streeting was elected as Deputy Leader of the Labour Group in October 2011. In 2014, he contested the Aldborough ward on Redbridge Council, winning 2,100 votes and defeating Conservative opponent Ruth Clark. At a public meeting of the Redbridge Citizens' Assembly on 6 May 2014, Cllr Streeting promised on behalf of his group that, if elected, he would not reduce the level of Council Tax Support provided to low-income working-age residents. Once elected, the Labour council cut the level of support, so as to treble the amount of Council Tax paid by supported residents from April 2016; the council made a further reduction from April 2017, and made a third reduction from April 2018. In May 2014, Labour took control of Redbridge Council for the first time and Streeting was appointed Deputy Leader of the Council. He resigned the latter in May 2015, shortly after being elected Member of Parliament for Ilford North. Whilst he remained a backbench councillor following his election to Parliament, he chose not to claim his councillor allowance. Streeting did not stand for re-election after being elected to Parliament, and ceased to be a councillor on 7 May 2018. Parliamentary backbencher (2015–2020) In the 2015 UK general election, Streeting was elected as the Member of Parliament for Ilford North. Representing the Labour Party, he overturned a Conservative majority of 5,404, winning by 589 votes. After being elected to Parliament, Streeting was elected Honorary President of the British Youth Council. He is also a Vice President of the Local Government Association and a Patron of LGBT Labour. Following his election, Streeting was described as a "long-time critic" of Jeremy Corbyn, who was leader of the Labour Party from 2015 to 2020. He accused Corbyn of a "flat-footed and lackadaisical attitude" to tackling antisemitism which is "simply unacceptable". Prior to the 2017 UK general election, he stated that he was "not going to pretend to have had a damascene conversion" with regard to Corbyn's suitability as Prime Minister. His views provoked a response from Corbyn's supporters such as Ken Livingstone and the trade union leader Len McCluskey. Livingstone described him as "consciously undermining Jeremy and damaging the Labour party", while McCluskey said his reason for raising issues had been "about attacking Jeremy Corbyn". Streeting was among the 70 per cent of Labour MPs who nominated Owen Smith in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election. In 2016 Streeting criticised the Labour Party for refusing a £30,000 donation from McDonald's. According to Labour, the refusal was due to the company's poor record on worker's rights and hostile stance towards trade unions. Streeting campaigned in favour of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union in the run-up to the 2016 EU membership referendum. His constituency subsequently voted by a small-margin in favour of leaving the European Union. Afterwards, Streeting campaigned for a People's Vote, a campaign group calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union. Ilford North has among the largest Jewish and Muslim communities in the UK. Streeting is a vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism, a co-chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on British Jews and a supporter of Labour Friends of Israel. He is also a co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims and a supporter of Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East. In September 2018, he held the last in a series of London-wide consultations to create the Working Definition of Islamophobia. In July 2018, Streeting called for "targeted economic sanctions" against Israeli settlements in the West Bank in response to the Israeli government "grossly infringing on the human rights of Palestinians". In July 2019, Streeting was reported in the media as using abusive language towards a non-Jewish antisemitism campaigner. Shortly before the 2019 UK general election, Streeting told a Labour First meeting that the party faced electoral oblivion in any snap poll due to the leadership's poor handling of Brexit and allegations of antisemitism. Following Labour's defeat in the general election, Streeting nominated Jess Phillips and Rosena Allin-Khan in the 2020 Labour Party leadership and deputy leadership elections, and endorsed Ian Murray for the deputy leadership. Opposition frontbencher (2020–present) Until the 2019 general election, Streeting was a member of the Treasury Select Committee. After the election of Keir Starmer as Leader of the Labour Party, Streeting was appointed Shadow Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury. On 16 October 2020, Streeting became Shadow Minister for Schools in succession to Margaret Greenwood, who had resigned the previous day following her opposition to the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Bill. Abena Oppong-Asare replaced Streeting as Shadow Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury. In the May 2021 shadow cabinet reshuffle, Streeting was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Child Poverty. He was promoted to the post of Shadow Secretary of State for Health and Social Care in the November 2021 shadow cabinet reshuffle. On 9 November 2022, Streeting was criticised after being overheard describing Corbyn as "senile" in the House of Commons. Streeting said the comment was made "in jest" and apologised to Corbyn for the comment later that day. It has been reported that Streeting has – alongside fellow Shadow Cabinet members Rachel Reeves and Yvette Cooper – received "large amounts of private cash". Political positions Streeting is considered to be on the right of the Labour Party; however, he objects to being labelled a Blairite, saying: "There's no future for the Labour party if it's locked in a battle between two competing visions of the past. I don't like being pigeonholed." On health, in December 2021, in response to growing waiting times in the NHS, Streeting said the way to reduce waiting times was better pay and conditions, while keeping a check on the six figure salaries of managers and management consultants. He added: "The biggest priority is to recruit, train and retain staff for the long term." He also placed an emphasis on investment and reform. He said that the UK government should concentrate on boosting wages for the lowest paid in the health sector. Streeting said that a Labour government would use whatever means necessary to ensure patients receive treatment, including using private health providers in the NHS. Following a visit to Israel in May 2022, Streeting suggested that the UK should embrace new technologies in the health sector that are commonplace in Israel to improve outcomes. Streeting said he would stress to the Treasury that investment in health and social care would boost the economy and focusing on prevention could save thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of pounds. In January 2022, Streeting revealed that he supported the use of private providers in the NHS to cut waiting lists. In June 2023, Streeting said that the NHS requires three big shifts: "from an excessive focus on hospital care to more focus on neighbourhood and community services; from an analogue service to one that embraces the technological revolution; and from sickness to prevention." Following his election, Streeting was described as a "long-time critic" of Jeremy Corbyn, who was leader of the Labour Party from 2015 until 2020. He accused Corbyn of a "flat-footed and lackadaisical attitude" to tackling antisemitism, which was "simply unacceptable". Streeting was among the 70 per cent of Labour MPs who nominated Owen Smith in the 2016 party leadership election. Streeting said: "I always thought that Jeremy Corbyn was unelectable and there was a fundamental moral objection to where he was on anti-Semitism." Streeting campaigned in favour of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union in the run-up to the 2016 EU membership referendum. In 2018, he stated that a hard Brexit would address voters' concerns regarding sovereignty and migration but would provoke significant economic harm. Streeting appeared in The Sun and tweeted a link to the article saying he would be "tough on crime, tough on the causes of crime". On immigration, in 2018, Streeting said: "I regularly make the point that we need better education and training for our own people, but we should be honest with our country that we also rely on attracting people from overseas, particularly with our ageing population and shrinking working age population." Streeting is also pro-devolution of power to give local authorities greater control over public policy. Streeting promoted the establishment of a Good Work Commission to bring together the relevant stakeholders to negotiate a new employment rights settlement. He also said he suggested "working with the best of British business to reform the worst of British capitalism". Streeting wants to tax capital gains on the same basis as income and suggested replacing inheritance tax with a lifetime gifts tax. He also supports an increase in corporation tax. Streeting has also strongly criticised those campaigning against LGBT+ education in schools. Personal life Streeting lives in Redbridge, London. He is in a relationship with Joseph Dancey, a communications and public affairs adviser. The couple are currently engaged to get married. In October 2023, Dancey was selected as Labours prospective parliamentary candidate for Stockton West at the next general election. Streeting, who is a practising Anglican, says his faith is "about compassion, not walking by on the other side". He says it caused serious problems when it came to his sexuality: "My faith was a really big obstacle to accepting myself." In May 2021, Streeting revealed he had been diagnosed with kidney cancer and would be stepping back from frontline politics while he received treatment for it. He had received a phone call from his urologist informing him that tests, initially for kidney stones, revealed he had kidney cancer. He was on a campaign visit at the time. However, because the cancer was noticed early, his prognosis was good even though he needed surgery to remove the kidney. On 27 July 2021, Streeting announced that he had been declared cancer-free, following an operation to remove one of his kidneys. Streeting published his memoir, One Boy, Two Bills and a Fry-Up, in June 2023; Rachel Cooke of The Observer described the tome as "both a little bit boring and unexpectedly fascinating". References External links Councillor Wes Streeting , Redbridge London Borough Council Interview with Tiger Television at Birmingham City University |- 1983 births Living people Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge Councillors in the London Borough of Redbridge Gay politicians Labour Party (UK) councillors Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Labour Party (UK) people Labour Friends of Israel Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom English LGBT politicians Presidents of the National Union of Students (United Kingdom) UK MPs 2019–present Shadow Secretaries of State for Health UK MPs 2015–2017 UK MPs 2017–2019 English Anglicans LGBT Anglicans 21st-century English memoirists

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17169315

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chump

Chump

Chump or The Chumps may refer to: Arts and entertainment Films The Chump (1921 film), a short starring Billy Bletcher The Chump (1934 film), with Hal Skelly, Lina Basquette and Sally Starr The Chump, a 2002 film directed by Sam Fell Music "Chump", a track on the album Dookie by Green Day "Chump", a track on the album Novelty (1992) by Jawbox Television CHUMP (Criminal Headquarters for Underworld Master Plan), an espionage organization in the 1970s television show Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp "The Chump" (The Office), an episode of the American sitcom The Office Other uses Chump, a lamb meat cut (UK) W Chump and Sons, a television production company founded in 2015 that produced The Grand Tour The Chumps, nickname for NASA Astronaut Group 20 See also Champ (disambiguation) Champs (disambiguation) Chump Change (disambiguation)

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17169332

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iain%20Rennie

Iain Rennie

Iain Robert Rennie (born 1964) was appointed as the State Services Commissioner of the New Zealand public service in 2008 succeeding Mark Prebble. He was the Deputy State Services Commissioner from 2007 until June 2008. He was reappointed for a second term in July 2013. History Rennie has a BA (Hons) in Economics from Victoria University of Wellington. He joined the Treasury in 1986, and also worked for 1990-93 and 2004 in the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Before he was appointed to the SSC, he helped provide strategic leadership at the Treasury - advising the Minister of Finance on microeconomic and macroeconomic policy issues. State Services Commissioner In his role as Commissioner, Rennie has been involved in a number of initiatives to improve the performance of the public service including projects called Better Public Services, the Performance Improvement Framework. The State Sector Amendment Act 2013 gave him greater responsibility for developing senior leadership and management capability, including appointments to key positions within the public service. He is also responsible for driving state sector reform in line with the Government's objectives. References External links Rennie steps up to replace boss as State Services head 1964 births Living people New Zealand public servants Victoria University of Wellington alumni Companions of the New Zealand Order of Merit

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17169338

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta%20Pops%20Orchestra

Atlanta Pops Orchestra

The Atlanta Pops Orchestra was established in 1945 by Albert Coleman. Coleman, a French immigrant, began working at WSB Radio in Atlanta, Georgia in 1944. At the time he saw a need to gather what he considered to be the best musicians to form the Atlanta Pops Orchestra. The orchestra was to play for radio dates, public concerts, and free performances to benefit the arts, the area youth, and aspiring musicians. The Atlanta Pops became known throughout the southeast as a result of concerts free to local audiences in Atlanta. Albert was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame for his contributions to both the orchestra and the multitude of young artists whose careers were assisted by him and for the diversity and longevity of his involvement in the arts in Georgia. Following Albert Coleman's retirement in 1998 the orchestra performed under guest conductors for mainly private events. In 2002 the management was assumed by Altieri & Associates Entertainment, Inc. an Atlanta management, booking, and musical contracting company, which managed the organization through 2019. Former Atlanta Symphony principal trumpet John Head served as conductor and principal arranger for the Atlanta Pops from 2002 to 2010, leading the orchestra in performances throughout the metro Atlanta area and a three-week tour of Taiwan in 2004. Upon his retirement in 2010, Maestro Head was succeeded by Dr. Jason D. Altieri. In addition to his role as Conductor and Music Director of the Atlanta Pops Orchestra, Jason is the Associate Conductor of the Reno Philharmonic and Director of Orchestras at the University of Nevada. He has made several national and international guest conducting appearances with the Hollywood Film Orchestra, New Sigmund Romberg Orchestra, Duluth Superior Symphony in Minnesota, Santa Fe Symphony, and the New Mexico Philharmonic. Under Dr. Altieri, the Atlanta Pops Orchestra has broadened its original musical goals to include corporate events as well as school clinics and concerts, and entire community concert series. Musicians of the Atlanta Pops perform in Broadway shows visiting Atlanta and with other touring productions and celebrity shows, including Mannheim Steamroller, Celtic Woman, Johnny Mathis, and many others. The Atlanta Pops Orchestra continues to feature a diverse range of popular guest soloists and emerging talent in performances throughout the southeastern US. Discography Albums Singles References External links Atlanta Pops Orchestra official website Mountain Overture debuts at #5 on the Billboard Bluegrass album chart on May 11, 2018 Mountain Overture debuts at #6 on the Billboard Classical album chart on May 11, 2018 American orchestras Pops orchestras Musical groups established in 1945 Orchestras based in Georgia (U.S. state)

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17169339

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yehuda%20Hyman

Yehuda Hyman

Yehuda Hyman is an American playwright, dancer, choreographer, actor, and poet. Life and Work Yehuda Hyman was born and raised in Los Angeles to immigrant parents from Poland and Russia. Hyman got his start in theater at age 17 in the chorus of a Broadway show. He began making dances in New York City at the Riverside Dance Festival and Washington Square Church. His work has been produced at the McCarter Theatre, Mark Taper Forum, San Diego Repertory Theater, and Highways Performance Space among others. Honors include two NEA Grants, Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays Award, Jerome Fellowship and grants from the Center for Jewish Culture and Creativity. He performed his solo piece, The Mad 7 at the NYC Fringe the JCC Manhattan and across the U.S. and performed with Target Margin Theater in NYC at HERE Arts Center, Chocolate Factory and the Bushwick Star). He was a 2013/14 Artist Fellow at the LABA House of Study/14St Y where he developed his full-length theatrical memoir, The Mar Vista. He received his M.F.A. in Dance from Sarah Lawrence College (2014). He is the artistic director of Yehuda Hyman/Mystical Feet Company. Plays The Mad 7 The Mad Dancers Center of the Star Swan Lake Calhoun I Ask You, Ladies and Gentlemen (adapted from the novel by Leon Surmelian) David in Shadow and Light The Mar Vista Literature Judith Brin Ingber (Ed.): Seeing Israeli and Jewish Dance. 2011. Notes External links The Mystical Feet Company American dramatists and playwrights American musical theatre librettists Living people Jewish American dramatists and playwrights Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American Jews

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17169384

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystone%20Heights%20Airport

Keystone Heights Airport

Keystone Heights Airport , is a public use airport located 3 miles north of Keystone Heights, Florida in Clay and Bradford counties. Owned by the Keystone Heights Airport Authority, this airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility. The airport is adjacent to Camp Blanding, the Florida National Guard Reservation and "Fly through History" Military Museum and Memorial Park. The museum at Camp Blanding is dedicated to the World War II units that trained there during the early 1940s. History The airport was constructed in 1942 as Crystal Lake Airfield, and was commissioned in December 1942 as Keystone Army Airfield (AAF) by the United States Army Air Forces. It was used as part of the Air University's Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics (AAFSAT) tactical combat simulation school in Central and Northern Florida. After the end of World War II, the facility was turned over to the City of Keystone Heights in 1947. Facilities and aircraft The airport covers an area of 2,476 acres (1,002 ha) at an elevation of 196 feet (60 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 5/23 is 5,046 by 100 feet (1,538 x 30 m) and 11/29 is 4,899 by 75 feet (1,493 x 23 m). Airport operations are conducted through the Keystone Heights Airpark Authority Board, one full-time airport manager, one full-time administration assistant and one full-time operations maintenance manager. The airport is home to three flight schools: Distinguished Flyers, Primary Flight Control and the College of Missionary Aviation. There are two full time FAA certified airframe and power plant mechanics located on the airport. Separate from aviation services, the Florida International Rally and Motorsport Park, RallyPro Performance Driving School, and International Security Academy are also located at the airport complex. The businesses located on the airport property employ approximately 80 people. As of September 2018, the airport had 32,400 aircraft operations, an average of 88 per day: 95.7% general aviation, 2.8% military, and 1.5% air taxi within a 12-month period. At that time, there were 55 aircraft based at this airport: 85.5% single-engine, 5.5% helicopter, 3.6% multi-engine, 3.6% glider, and 1.8% ultralight. References External links Keystone Hts. Airport (42J) brochure from CFASPP Aerial image as of February 1999 from USGS The National Map Airports in Florida Transportation buildings and structures in Clay County, Florida Transportation buildings and structures in Bradford County, Florida Airports established in 1942 1942 establishments in Florida

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17169427

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coz

Coz

Coz may refer to: Claude Le Coz (1740-1815), French Catholic bishop Coz Kerrigan (21st century), British musician David Gutiérrez de Coz (born 1980), Spanish football (soccer) defender Cozumel, Mexico See also Because (disambiguation)

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17169429

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave%20humidity%20sounder

Microwave humidity sounder

The Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) is a five-channel passive microwave radiometer, with channels from 89 to 190 GHz. It is very similar in design to the AMSU-B instrument, but some channel frequencies have been altered. It is used to study profiles of atmospheric water vapor and provide improved input data to the cloud-clearing algorithms in the IR and MW sounder suites. Instruments were launched on NOAA's POES satellite series starting with NOAA-18 launched in May 2005 and the European Space Agency's MetOp series starting with MetOp-A launched in October 2006 and continuing with MetOp-B launched in September 2012. The Microwave Humidity Sounder was designed and developed by Astrium EU in Portsmouth, UK, under contract to EUMETSAT. Instrument Characteristics Heritage: AMSU-B, HSB Swath: 1650 km Spatial resolution: 17 km horizontal at nadir Mass: 63 kg Duty cycle: 100% Power: 74 W (BOL) Data rate: 4.2 kbit/s Field of View: ± 49.5 degrees cross-track Instrument Instantaneous Field of View: 1.1 degrees circular Table 1: Radiometric characteristics of the MHS External links NOAA KLM User's Guide Spacecraft instruments Satellite meteorology Atmospheric sounding satellite sensors

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17169437

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11948%20Justineh%C3%A9nin

11948 Justinehénin

11948 Justinehénin, provisional designation , is a Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. The asteroid was discovered on 18 August 1993, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at CERGA () in Caussols, southeastern France. It was named for tennis player Justine Henin. Orbit and classification Justinehénin orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 9 months (2,091 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The first identification was made at Crimea–Nauchnij in 1973, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 31 years prior to its discovery. Physical characteristics Diameter and albedo Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.2, Justinehénin potentially measures between 6 and 14 kilometers in diameter, assuming an albedo in the range of 0.05 to 0.25. Since asteroids in the outer main-belt are mostly of a carbonaceous rather than of a silicaceous composition, with low albedos, typically around 0.06, Justinehénins diameter might be on the upper end of NASA's published conversion table, as the lower the body's reflectivity (albedo), the larger its diameter at a constant absolute magnitude (brightness). Lightcurves As of 2017, the asteroid's effective size, its composition and albedo, as well as its rotation period and shape remain unknown. Naming This minor planet was named for Belgian former professional tennis player Justine Henin (born 1985). Although her name (usually) contains no acute accent, the asteroid's official name does. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 September 2003 (). References External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000) – Minor Planet Center 011948 Discoveries by Eric Walter Elst Named minor planets 19930818

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17169448

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution%20in%20Sierra%20Leone

Prostitution in Sierra Leone

Prostitution in Sierra Leone is legal and commonplace. Soliciting and 3rd party involvement are prohibited by the Sexual Offences Act 2012. UNAIDS estimate there are 240,000 prostitutes in the country. They are known locally as 'serpents' because of the hissing noise they use to attract clients. Sex workers report they are often abused, harassed and suffer extortion by the police. In 1787 the British Crown founded a settlement in Sierra Leone in what was called the "Province of Freedom". It intended to resettle some of the "Black Poor of London," mostly African Americans freed by the British during the American Revolutionary War. About 290 free black men, 41 black women and 60 white prostitutes from London reached Sierra Leone on 15 May 1787. Since the end of the ten-year civil war in Sierra Leone, there has been an increase in child prostitution, especially among children who are struggling to survive. This has happened in spite of the fact that child prostitution is illegal in the country. Sex trafficking Sierra Leone is a source and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking. Victims originate largely from rural provinces and are recruited to urban and mining centers for exploitation in sex trafficking. At times, sex trafficking occurs on beaches and in nightclubs. Trafficking victims are also exploited in fishing and agriculture and subjected to sex trafficking through customary practices, such as forced marriages. Traffickers typically operate individually, convincing parents to hand over their children and promising to provide an education or better life but instead exploiting the children in trafficking. Sierra Leonean girls are increasingly exploited in Guinea. Traffickers have exploited boys and girls from Sierra Leone to reportedly work as “cultural dancers”—and possibly also for sexual exploitation—in The Gambia. Sierra Leonean adults voluntarily migrate to other West African countries, including Mauritania and Guinea, as well as to the Middle East and Europe, where some are subjected to forced prostitution. As in previous years, Sierra Leonean women are subjected to trafficking in Kuwait and Lebanon. Children from neighboring West African countries have been exploited in prostitution in Sierra Leone. The 2005 anti-trafficking law criminalizes all forms of human trafficking and prescribes a maximum penalty of 10 years imprisonment and/or a fine of 50 million leones ($6,710) for sex trafficking. In addition, two other laws prescribe penalties for sex trafficking offenses that differ from the anti-trafficking law. The Child Rights Act imposes a penalty for the prostitution of a child by a third party of 30 million leones ($4,030) and/or two years imprisonment, which is neither sufficiently stringent nor commensurate with penalties for rape. The Sexual Offences Act criminalizes forced prostitution and child prostitution with penalties of up to 15 years imprisonment. The United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons ranks Sierra Leone as a 'Tier 2 Watch List' country. References Society of Sierra Leone

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17169481

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloquet%20Valley%20State%20Forest

Cloquet Valley State Forest

The Cloquet Valley State Forest encompasses ; of which (or 15%) are Minnesota Department of Natural Resources forestry administered lands. Located in southeast Saint Louis County, the Cloquet Valley State Forest is located about north of Duluth and southeast of Virginia, in Minnesota's Arrowhead region. It spreads out over east–central Saint Louis County, generally in areas just north of the city of Duluth, but extending into the valleys of the Ush-kab-wan River, Whiteface River, and Cloquet River, for which it is named. The city of Cloquet is located in adjacent Carlton County. Recreational activities offered at the Indian Lake campground within the forest include camping, fishing, and a canoe route on the Cloquet River. The Superior National Forest is located immediately north of the Cloquet Valley State Forest. Saint Louis County Road 4 and County Road 44 are two of the main routes in the Cloquet Valley State Forest area. County Road 4 runs north–south through the middle of the forest between Island Lake and the community of Markham. County Road 44 runs north–south through the eastern portion of the forest, passing through the community of Brimson at the northeast corner of the forest. County Road 52 runs east–west through the northwest part of the forest, east of Cotton, passing through the community of Whiteface. County Road 49 runs east–west through the western portion of the forest. The majority of CR 49 is unpaved gravel surface. Harris Road runs east–west through the southwest part of the forest. The entire route of Harris Road is unpaved gravel surface. County Road 547 / UT Road 9230 runs generally east–west through the northern portion of the forest in two separate segments. The first section of the route runs between Whiteface towards Markham. The second section of the route runs from near Markham to Brimson. The entire route of CR 547 / UT 9230 is unpaved gravel surface. Fauna The Cloquet Valley State Forest is home to many different animals. Among the animals that live in the forest there are: Pine Marten, Beaver, Otter, Wolves, Bear, White Tail Deer, Fox, Moose, and Lynx. Numerous species of birds can be found in the Cloquet Valley State Forest as well including: Bald Eagles, Great Horned Owls, and Common Loons. Fish found in the waters of the state forest include: Walleye, Musky, Northern Pike, Large/Small Mouth Bass, Yellow Perch, Sunfish and Crappie. Biome The Cloquet Valley State Forest sits within the Coniferous forest biome of northeastern Minnesota. Large stands of red and white pine can be found in this forest along with other coniferous trees such as Spruce, Fir, and Tamarack. Mixed in with these conifers are large portions of forest made up of Aspen and Birch. See also List of Minnesota state forests Sources "Cloquet Valley State Forest", Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Retrieved April 29, 2008 External links Cloquet Valley State Forest – Official Website Friends of the Cloquet Valley State Forest Minnesota state forests Protected areas of St. Louis County, Minnesota

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17169504

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie%20Le%20Rochois

Marie Le Rochois

Marie Le Rochois (c. 1658 – 8 October 1728) was a French operatic soprano who belonged to the Académie Royale de Musique. She is often referred to as Marthe Le Rochois or simply La Rochois. Opera career She was introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lully, possibly by his father-in-law Michel Lambert who may have been her teacher, and became a member of the Paris Opéra in 1678. She sang in operas by Lully, Pascal Collasse, Henri Desmarets, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, André Campra, Marin Marais, and André Cardinal Destouches but she was best regarded for her portrayal of Armide in Lully's opera. Unlike some of her wilder colleagues at the opera, Julie d'Aubigny and Fanchon Moreau, she enjoyed a reputation for moral rectitude. Less of a celebrity, she was more of an artist, as indicated by the number of important roles with which she was entrusted by Lully and his successors. Retirement After retiring from the stage in 1698, she became a teacher, while remaining active in the contemporary arts social world. Her students included Marie Antier and Françoise Journet. She died in Paris in 1728. Roles created Arethusa in Lully's Proserpine (Paris, 1680) Merope in Lully's Persée (Paris, 1682) Arcabonne in Lully's Amadis (Paris, 1684) Angéligue in Lully's Roland (Paris, 1684) Armide in Lully's Armide (Paris, 1686) Galatée in Acis et Galatée (Paris, 1686) Polixène in the Lully-Collasse Achille et Polyxène (Paris, 1687) Thétis in Collasse's Thétis et Pélée (Paris, 1689) Lavinie in Collasse's Enée et Lavinie (Paris, 1690) The title role in Desmarets's Didon (Paris, 1693) The title role in Charpentier's Médée (Paris, 1693) Ariane in Marin Marais's Ariane et Bacchus (Paris, 1696) Vénus in Desmarets's Vénus et Adonis (Paris, 1697) The title role in Destouches's Issé (Paris, 1697) Roxane in Campra's L'Europe galante (Paris, 1697) Sources Anthony, James R (1992), 'Le Rochois, Marie' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) External links Photoarchive/Grove page 1650s births 1728 deaths French operatic sopranos 17th-century French women opera singers 18th-century French women opera singers

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17169629

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team%20Dynamik

Team Dynamik

Team Dynamik was an Australian motor racing team that competed in Australian V8 Supercar racing between 2001 and 2005. History Owned by Kieran Wills, Adelaide based Team Dynamik debuted in the 2001 with Simon Wills racing an ex Gibson Motorsport Holden Commodore VT to victory in the Development Series. In 2003, the team entered the V8 Supercar Championship Series after purchasing a Level 1 franchise with two licences from Romano Racing and entering Holden Commodore VYs for Wills and Jason Richards. The year was highlighted by a strong performance at the Sandown 500, where the car ran second to Mark Skaife until an incident with two laps remaining put them out of the race. In 2004 Richards was replaced by Dale Brede. A third car appeared at two rounds with Will Davison driving. In August 2004, Team Dynamik conducted an unauthorised test at Woomera Test Range and were fined $104,000. In 2005, Will Davison was contracted to drive, while the second licence was sold to Tony Longhurst, who contracted Team Dynamik to prepare a car with Max Wilson driving. However, after the opening race at the Australian Grand Prix, the team advised Davison it was unable to fulfill its contract for him to drive the second car. In September 2005, Longhurst purchased the second licence. After announcing his intention to relocate the team to Queensland, in 2006 Longhurst on-sold the licences to Paul Morris Motorsport and Rod Nash Racing. This resulted in legal action, with Team Dynamik claiming a share of the profits Longhurst made. Drivers Supercars Drivers Simon Wills (2003-2005) Jason Richards (2003) Nicolas Minassian (2003) Wayne Wakefield (2003) Jan Magnussen (2003) Dale Brede (2004) Neil McFadyen (2004) Will Davison (2004) Paul Stokell (2004) Tony Longhurst (2005) Max Wilson (2005) Mark Porter (2005) Kayne Scott (2005) Super2 Drivers Simon Wills (2001) References Auto racing teams in Australia Auto racing teams established in 2001 Auto racing teams disestablished in 2005 Sports clubs and teams in South Australia Supercars Championship teams 2001 establishments in Australia 2005 disestablishments in Australia

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17169737

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20oldest%20buildings%20in%20Canada

List of oldest buildings in Canada

This is a list of the oldest surviving buildings and structures of significance in each province and territory of Canada. Alberta First Nations peoples in Alberta were generally nomadic and did not create permanent structures, however they did often occupy the same site annually for many generations, and created permanent markers in the form of tipi rings and medicine wheels. The first Europeans to build in Alberta were the fur traders of the North West Company who constructed the first trading posts in Alberta at Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion in 1788. Few buildings from the fur trade era remain. There is said to be 25 buildings built prior to 1882 still surviving in Alberta. Most buildings considered "historic" in Alberta are from the post-railway era (e.g. after 1885 in Calgary, after 1891 in Edmonton). The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Alberta constructed prior to 1900. British Columbia The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in British Columbia constructed prior to 1900. Manitoba The following is a list of buildings and structures in Manitoba constructed prior to 1900. New Brunswick Before 1784, New Brunswick was part of the colony of Nova Scotia and the majority of the population was aboriginal. The native populations of the land that is now New Brunswick were a nomadic people and thus there are few remains of their settlements. However, in 1784 New Brunswick became its own colony due to an increasingly non-aboriginal population. The area was mostly forest until United Empire Loyalists started to arrive, and European-style buildings were not constructed for the most part until after their arrival. Many Acadian homes and settlements were destroyed by the British during the expulsion of the Acadians known as the Great Expulsion from 1755 to 1763. Acadians were a people of French descent who lived in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia for over a century before the British took over the lands that were New France. After the expulsion there was a short wave of settlement by a peoples known as the New England Planters. They were a small group without a lot of remaining architecture. The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in New Brunswick constructed prior to 1890. Newfoundland and Labrador The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Newfoundland and Labrador constructed prior to 1860. Northwest Territories Nova Scotia The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Nova Scotia constructed prior to 1830. Nunavut The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Nunavut constructed prior to 1960. Ontario The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Ontario constructed prior to 1830, excluding the cities of Markham, Toronto, and the Region of Waterloo. Prince Edward Island The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Prince Edward Island constructed prior to 1860. Quebec The first Europeans to arrive in Quebec were settlers from France. They founded Quebec City in 1608 and erected there the first foundations such as the Habitation made of wood and set up by Samuel de Champlain. Despite the founding of other significant settlements in New France in the 17th century, notably Trois-Rivières in 1634 and Montreal in 1642, there are only a few 17th-century buildings that still survive outside the Capitale-Nationale region. Therefore, the oldest buildings still standing in Quebec are found heavily in and around Quebec City. All such buildings date from the French regime and are protected as historical monuments under the law enforced by the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Quebec. The following is a list of old buildings and structures in Quebec constructed prior to 1750. Saskatchewan The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Saskatchewan constructed prior to 1900. Yukon The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Yukon constructed prior to 1900. See also Architecture of Canada List of heritage buildings in Vancouver List of oldest buildings and structures in Halifax, Nova Scotia List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto Gothic Revival architecture in Canada References "Architecture in Canada" The Canadian Encyclopedia Kalman, Harold D. A History of Canadian Architecture. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994. Canada by Design: Parliament Hill, Ottawa at Library and Archives Canada Baker, Marilyn, Manitoba's Third Legislative Building: Symbol in Stone:The Art and Politics of a Public Building, Hyperion Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba 1986 Cameron, Stanley, Stones of History: Canada's Houses of Parliament, Film Board of Canada Denby & Kilbourn, Toronto Observed: Its Architecture, Patrons, and History,Oxford University Press, Toronto 1986 Edwards, Gregory, Hidden Cities: Art & Design in Architectural Details of Vancouver & Victoria, Talonbooks, Vancouver, BC 1991. Emporis.com Kalman, Phillips and Ward, Exploring Vancouver: The Essential Architectural Guide, UBC Press, Vancouver 1993 Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture in America, unpublished manuscript Maitland, Hucker & Ricketts, A Guide to Canadian Architectural Styles, broadview press, Peterborough, ON 1992 McHugh, Patricia, Toronto Architecture: A City Guide, McClelland & Stewart Inc., Toronto 1989 McMullen, Barbara, Ottawa's Terra Cotta Architecture: Two Walking Tours, Heritage Ottawa, Ottawa, 2003 skyscraperpage.com Taggart, Jim, The Architecture of Downtown Victoria, Blue Steps – Pacific Walking Tour Guides, Vancouver, BC 2000 The Notman Photographic Archives. External links Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, – biographies of Canadian architects and lists of their buildings from 1800 to 1950.

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17169768

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finally%20Awake

Finally Awake

Finally Awake is the fifth studio album released by Christian rock band Seventh Day Slumber. It was released on March 20, 2007 under Tooth & Nail Records. Finally Awake reached its peak on the Top Christian Albums chart at No. 16 in 2007. Meaning When Joseph Rojas was asked about the meaning behind Finally Awake, he responded: "The message of this album is clear. We want to empower kids to stop looking to the media, to what the world tells them they have to be, to find identity. You don’t have to be what everyone else tells you to. Be what you were created to be." Track listing "Awake" - 3:42 "Last Regret" - 3:08 "Missing Pages" - 3:53 "My Only Hope" - 3:45 "Always" - 4:40 "Breaking Away" - 3:35 "Burning Bridges" - 3:54 "Undone" - 3:26 "On My Way Home" - 3:43 "Broken Buildings" - 4:21 "Every Saturday" - 4:20 References 2007 albums Tooth & Nail Records albums Seventh Day Slumber albums

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17169780

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCCP

NCCP

NCCP is an abbreviation, and can refer to the following: National Center for Children in Poverty National Council of Churches in the Philippines The National Consumer Credit Protection Act (Australian legislation) North Coast Computer Project Nantou County Culture Park, a building in Nantou County, Taiwan Nuova Compagnia di Canto Popolare North Carolina Certified Paralegal National Council of Churches in Pakistan NCCP Structural formula for cyanophosphaethyne

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17169797

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1289%20Kuta%C3%AFssi

1289 Kutaïssi

1289 Kutaïssi (prov. designation: ) is a stony Koronian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt. Discovered by Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory in 1933, it was later named after the Georgian city of Kutaisi. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.6 hours and measures approximately in diameter. Discovery Kutaïssi was discovered on 19 August 1933, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. It was independently discovered a few days later by Eugène Delporte at the Belgian Uccle Observatory on 25 August, as well as by Cyril Jackson at the South African Johannesburg Observatory on 11 September 1933. It was first observed as at Heidelberg in 1893. The body's observation arc begins with its observation as at Simeiz in 1928, or 5 years prior to its official discovery observation. Orbit and classification Kutaïssi is a stony member of the Koronis family, a group consisting of about 200 known bodies, thought to have been formed at least two billion years ago in a catastrophic collision between two larger bodies. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 10 months (1,766 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.06 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. Naming This minor planet was named after the city of Kutaisi, now the legislative capital of Georgia, and its second largest city, after the capital Tbilisi. The official naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (). Physical characteristics Kutaïssi is a common stony S-type asteroid in the Tholen classification. Rotation period The first rotational light curve of Kutaïssi was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Richard Binzel in February 1984. It gave a rotation period of 3.60 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 magnitude (). In 1987 and 2004, a group of American astronomers obtained concurring light curves with a period of and hours and an amplitude of 0.30 and 0.42 magnitude, respectively (). Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Kutaïssi measures between 19.20 and 25.62 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an albedo between 0.1374 and 0.245. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.1216 and a diameter of 25.53 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.87. References External links Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 001289 Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin Named minor planets 001289 19330819

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17169799

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Local%20Government%20and%20Regional%20Development

Minister of Local Government and Regional Development

The Minister of Local Government and Modernisation () is a Councillor of State and Chief of the Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. Currently, Erling Sande of the Centre Party has held the post since 2023. The ministry is responsible for local administration, including municipalities and county municipalities, rural and regional policy, information technology, elections and government administration, including management of state real estate and government employment. Major subordinate agencies include the Government Administration Services, Statsbygg, the Competition Authority, the National Office of Building Technology and Administration, the State Housing Bank and the Data Protection Authority. The position was created in 1948 as a successor of the Minister of Labour, originally named the Minister of Local Government and Labour. The title changed to the Minister of Local Government. Labour issues were moved to the Minister of Government Administration and Labour in 1998 and the title was changed to the Minister of Local Government and Regional Development until 2013. During the government of Erna Solberg, the post was renamed into Minister of Local Government and Modernisation when the position took over part of the portfolio of the Minister of Public Administration from 2014 until 2021. In January 2022, the current name was reverted into the 1998 one. Key The following lists the minister, their party, date of assuming and leaving office, their tenure in years and days, and the cabinet they served in. Ministers Minister of Digitalisation The Minister of Digitalisation is responsible for the government's digitalisation policies, and to coordinate their UN sustainability goals. The post was also responsible for the work and issues related to electronic communication. In 2020, the title was changed to Minister of Districts and Digitalisation, and in addition to digitalization policies, the minister was also responsible for overlooking the regional and district policies, privacy and policies related to the Sami people and other minorities in the country. The position was re-established in 2023, with Karianne Tung's appointment. It was also renamed Minister of Digitalisation and Administration. Key Minister References Lists of government ministers of Norway Norway Norway 1948 establishments in Norway

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17169800

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation%20Party%20%28Turkey%2C%201948%29

Nation Party (Turkey, 1948)

The Nation Party () was a conservative and nationalistic political party developed as a third option within the then bipartisan system in Turkey. It lasted from 1948 until 1953, when it was outlawed. The Nation Party was founded on July 19, 1948 by former prime minister and chief of staff Fevzi Çakmak, Osman Bölükbaşı, Enis Akaygen, Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Mustafa Kentli, Osman Nuri Köni, Kenan Öner and Sadık Aldoğan. The founders were from a conservative clique within the Democrat Party (Demokrat Parti). One of the reasons for their establishment of the party was the claim that the Democrat Party was ineffective as opposition to the Republican People's Party (CHP), the Turkish population was trapped between two political alternatives and a third alternative with a nationalistic ideology was necessary. Fevzi Çakmak was appointed as the honorary leader of the party and dubbed as the "Believer General". The Nation Party did not participate in the 1946 elections. Before the 1950 elections, on 8 April, Fevzi Çakmak made an announcement claiming that Republican People's Party's oppression was getting fiercer. Two days later, on April 10, he died from complications following a prostatectomy. At the elections on May 14, 1950, at which the Democrat Party had won 55% of the votes, it received 3.11% of the votes (250.414 votes) to win one seat, and one of the founders, Osman Bölükbaşı became an MP. In 1954, before the elections on May 2, the Nation Party was shut down and declared outlawed on grounds of "anti-Laïcité" politics. Ideology The party, strongly opposed the CHP's understanding of religion and laicism, while also asserting that the DP was a controlled opposition party and that they are the real opposition. The party's program included such views as the establishment of a democratic administration, the removal of the Six Arrows from the constitution, the expansion of people's freedoms, the preparation of a general development program, and the monitoring of a liberal economic policy. The party also advocated the transition to a bicameral system. Successor parties Republican Nation Party The founders of the party, led by Osman Bölükbaşı, subsequently formed the Republican Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Millet Partisi) and won 5 seats in the parliament. All five MPs were from Kırşehir, the hometown of Bölükbaşı. Republican Peasants Nation Party On October 17, 1958, the Peasants' Party of Turkey merged with the Republican Nation Party to form the Republican Peasants' Nation Party (Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi - CKMP). On June 12, 1960, following the May 27 coup d’état, the junta, dubbed the "National Unity Committee", dissolved the parliament and on June 13, closed the district organizations of all political parties. In 1961, when the civil parliamentary system was once again in effect, on October 15, general elections were held, at which the Republican Peasants’ Nation Party received 14% of the votes to emerge as the third party and win 54 seats in the parliament and 16 senators. When the Justice Party emerged victorious at the 1963 elections, Osman Bölükbaşı, together with 28 MPs, resigned from CKMP to establish once more the Nation Party and be elected its president. Colonel Alparslan Türkeş joined the party in 1965 and turned the party into a more Pan-Turkic and Islamist party. In a 1969 party convention, the CKMP renamed itself to MHP. Nation Party (1962) In 1962 the name was reused when Osman Bölükbaşı and a group of deputies and senators left the CKMP after a conflict and founded a new party. After some initial electoral success the party did not win any seats in the 1973 general elections, eventually dissolving itself in 1977. Nation Party (1992) In 1992, the name was reused again when the Reformist Democracy Party (Islahatçı Demokrasi Partisi), led by Aykut Edibali, renamed itself as Millet Partisi. References Turkish nationalist organizations Political parties established in 1948 Banned political parties in Turkey Banned far-right parties Defunct nationalist parties in Turkey Defunct conservative parties in Turkey 1948 establishments in Turkey Political parties disestablished in 1954 1954 disestablishments in Turkey 8th parliament of Turkey

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17169835

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonturama

Toonturama

Toonturama is an American children's programming block that airs on the Spanish-language television network UniMás (formerly known as Telefutura Network) which debuted on January 15, 2002 ("Mi Tele") and January 19, 2002 ("Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior"). The four-hour block—which airs Saturday and Sunday mornings from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time and Pacific Time—features live action and animated series aimed at children between the ages of 2 and 14. It was the network's attempt to have a Saturday morning block. Programs featured on the block consist of a mixture of series originally produced in Spanish and dubbed versions of series that were originally produced and broadcast in English. All shows featured on Toonturama are designed to meet federally mandated educational programming guidelines defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) via the Children's Television Act. History Mi Tele On December 15, 2001, UniMás (then known as Telefutura) plans to announced that it would debuted three children's programming blocks with the new weekday and Saturday and Sunday morning cartoon blocks was premiered on January 15 ("Mi Tele"), and January 19, 2002 ("Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior"), one day after the network was launched on January 14. Featuring live-action and animated series aimed at children between the ages of 2 and 14. It was plans to launch a new block, as part of the programming consisting four to eight shows for 30-minute episodes and aimed at marking the first time that exclusively animated cartoons for different youth audiences. The first children's block, "Mi Tele" ("My TV"), a two-hour animation block on weekday mornings featuring a mix of imported Spanish-language cartoons such as Fantaghiro and El Nuevo Mundo de los Gnomos ("The New World of the Gnomes"), as well as the originally produced in English as the Zodiac Entertainment cartoon series, Mr. Bogus and the Nelvana cartoon series, Anatole debuted on January 15, 2002. Later on March 15, 2002, the Mi Tele originally cartoon block were ended. The following week on Monday, the featuring with the youth-targeted children's telenovelas (Carrusel, Luz Clarita, Gotita de Amor and Rayito de Luz) airs on the block beginning on March 18, 2002, as part of the update scheduled programming. Though the block was intended to air on weekday morning on the holidays some of the years. However, some of the youth-targeted novelas aired on Mi Tele block weekday morning or Toonturama weekend morning cartoon block will delayed in order next week and full schedule on Sunday due to the network will picking line-up with all of the holidays and family movies marathon with the attempt of animated movies by Warner Bros. Telefutura Network has distribution and acquired the rights to air on the Warner Bros. animated series within movies by Warner Bros. Animation, DC Comics and Hanna-Barbera such as Scooby-Doo ("Scooby-Doo on Zombie Island" and "Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost"), Looney Tunes ("The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie"), Tom and Jerry ("Tom and Jerry: The Movie"), The Jetsons ("Jetsons: The Movie") and Batman: The Animated Series ("Batman: Mask of the Phantasm"). On December 24, 2002, Telefutura Network acquired the rights to the popular Warner Bros. Animation television cartoon series, Animaniacs, and it was partly for this reason why some of Telefutura's most popular programs (most notably Animaniacs) were mainly not included as part of the "Mi Tele" or "Toonturama" block, especially during the more open-formatted cartoon block era. However, the network was added in the feature-length direct-to-video movie as the Spanish-dubbed language including Animaniacs: Wakko's Wish was aired on the holiday movie briefly in December 24, 2002, to September 5, 2005. On August 7, 2007, Mi Tele ended its run, its last program being Mujeres Engañadas were discontinued. Telefutura kept some of the programming on the second children's cartoon block Toonturama until September 30, 2012. Toonturama On January 19, 2002, Telefutura Network (now UniMás) is a two separate known as occupied by the children's programming blocks named, "Toonturama" and "Toonturama Junior" were launched. – It was first four hours of the secondary weekend schedule which features some programs compliant with Federal Communications Commission and educational programming requirements – on the airs for four-hours each Saturday and Sunday mornings at 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Eastern and Pacific Time, the other remaining weekend time periods are filled with Informercials. The introduced a new logo with font text (Rat Fink Heavy) with different colors (red and black with the extruded font, and white text for "Toonturama") alongside bumpers and promos with the CGI computer-animated and controlled by TelevisaUnivision USA (formerly Univision Communications; same as the block was launched as "Planeta U" on September 15, 2001, which is designer along with the 3D computer-animated with bumpers and promos on Univision), where was tasked with overhauling Univision, Telefutura and Galavisión's Saturday and Sunday morning lineup in order to compete against the arch-rival network, Telemundo weekend children's block, "Telemundo Kids". The block included a four-hour lineup that consisted mainly of dubbed versions of American, Canadian, and European animated series came the network opted to fully program the block with shows acquired from various programming production companies and distributors. After the network premiered on January 14, 2002, in the next day, Telefutura entered into a programming three-year agreement with the Canada-based animated studio Nelvana (owned by Corus Entertainment) to program the "Mi Tele" and "Toonturama" block for the first US network deal with the Spanish-dubbed aired on the block has originally produced in English including Anatole, Ned's Newt, Stickin' Around, Cadillacs and Dinosaurs, Mythic Warriors, Tales from the Cryptkeeper and The Dumb Bunnies, as well as the Japanese anime series (such as Lost Universe, Tenchi Universe, and Red Baron) as part of its inaugural lineup. Cadillacs and Dinosaurs and Tales from the Cryptkeeper, was the only exception that two cartoons series are previously aired with the original English predecessor premiered on September 18, 1993, from the both networks, CBS and ABC's children block on Saturday morning cartoons. On February 8, 2002, Telefutura began discussions and partnership with the Madrid-based animation studio BRB Internacional to have the company program a daily two-hour children's block for the network, segment line-up scheduled from the series featured in the block produced in Spain (such as "Super Models" and "Yolanda: Daughter of the Black Corsair"). Later in 11 days, Telefutura will be including the changing time zone on the program scheduled from 6:30 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. Eastern/Pacific Time Zone in update, including the three former Mi Tele cartoon shows were moved to Toonturama including The New World of the Gnomes, Mr. Bogus and Anatole (after week on the first block, Mi Tele with cartoon were ended in March 15) will be offer date premiered on March 23, 2002, until December 29, 2002. On February 25, 2002, Telefutura acquired the rights to Zodiac Entertainment (via Carlton; which is previously cartoons are executive production in the UK), was the new block featured several first-run dubbed versions of original series from production by Zodiac and Calico (owned by World Events Productions, was the first-time previously aired on the originally Univision's block such as Voltron: Defender of the Universe and Denver, the Last Dinosaur), during the addition of the cartoon series and featured archived content from the programming library such as Mr. Bogus and Widget the World Watcher. On October 6, 2002, Telefutura was completely removed from the Madrid-based BRB Internacional's two cartoon series such as "The New World of the Gnomes" and "Super Models", ahead of the expiry of Telefutura's program supply deal with BRB Internacional for the passed ten-months, due to sale was brokered by Miami's Venevision International (now Cisneros Media). Venevision International's inked a two-year deal to rep BRB's catalog in North America and Latin America outside Mexico. The network was changed the schedule and replaced by two Nelvana cartoon series (including "Cadillacs and Dinosaurs" and "Tales from the Cryptkeeper") briefly which is premiered as rerun in the following week. However, Telefutura was caring over of the BRB Internacional-produced shows to the block offer next year. In January 2003, Telefutura acquired the rights and plans to contract with North Hollywood-based Film Roman, and added its first time in nearly two-years of the former Univision children's cartoon program as part of the block, "¡De Cabeza!" three cartoon shows (the network previously aired the three Film Roman-produced series from 2000 to 2001, before it was moved to sister network Telefutura, now UniMás). Featuring based on Felix the Cat characters from the popular television animated series, The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat. The second line-up cartoon starring Bruce Willis, a character voice from the series, Bruno the Kid, as well as based on the popular video game franchise series by Midway Games as Mortal Kombat: Defenders of the Realm. In August 2003, Telefutura under the contract with HIT Entertainment in UK, Junior and EM.TV & Merchandising AG in Germany, premiered as a one-hour block for many of which came from the block as the preschool television series, Bob the Builder, Fairy Tale Police Department and Mummy Nanny. Later in next month, the block introduced animated cartoon program with entered into an agreement with Toadbag Productions, including the new popular children's animated series, Toad Patrol (also known in Spanish as "Patrulla de Sapitos"), was an exception to the dubbing as it needed to use an English dub to fix translation issues. The series was originally aired and it was almost exclusively carried for the animated series as ran from September 6, 2003, to March 11, 2012. As of January 8, 2005, Telefutura removed from the Canada-based Nelvana shows (including "Ned's Newt", "The Dumb Bunnies" and Tales from the Cryptkeeper"), due to the network was changed the schedule listing update to being dropped from the lineup block. However, the rival network, Telemundo's children's block, "Telemundo Kids" added Jacob Two-Two has previously aired with its Spanish dub premiered on January 9, 2005, before Telemundo was under contract with Nelvana. "Jacob Two-Two" was the only carried over to the block's direct successor and transition to Telemundo's Qubo block ("Qubo en Telemundo"; along with NBC and Ion Television) debut on September 9, 2006, included a three-hour Saturday and Sunday morning block on the network in 90-minute blocks. In September 2005, Telefutura added the four cartoon shows for each Saturday morning schedule was pulling and it was entered into an agreement with the Australian-based children's media production, Australian Children's Television Foundation line-up such as Li'l Elvis and the Truckstoppers and the one CINAR (now WildBrain) series, Flight Squad. In Sunday morning, including the popular Universal Cartoon Studios cartoon series, Problem Child, was based on the 1990 film by Universal Pictures and "Zipi y Zape". In 2007, Telefutura reached a deal with National Geographic, as of remain added with the brand nature television series, Really Wild Animals. It was the network changed the name, and renamed as "Toonturama Presenta: La Vida Animal" (in English, "Toonturama Present: Animal Life"), were the last "Toonturama" cartoon series to be added to the block on November 4, 2007. The block aired for the final time and ended its run on September 30, 2012, without any announcement of its closure, and it was quietly replaced by the children's live-action documentary and nature series, while the network was carried of the preschool children's Spanish-language adaptation, Plaza Sésamo until 2016, when it was following week on October 7, 2012. As a result, Telefutura discontinued airing animated programming, making it the network not to air cartoon series within its children's program lineup. On September 9, 2018, in an agreement with Animaccord Animation Studio in Russia, the network launched the popular Russian cartoon Masha and the Bear, airing it every Sunday morning. Toonturama Junior The two-hour companion block that preceded it on Saturday and Sunday mornings within "Toonturama" sub-block, "Toonturama Junior", was launched on January 19, 2002. The sub-block was featuring programs aimed at preschoolers that fulfilled educational programming requirements defined by the Federal Communications Commission's Children's Television Act (the block aired with including originally distributors by Venevisión in Venezuela such as El Club de Los Tigritos, as well as Rugemania, and Televisa in Mexico including El Espacio de Tatiana and El Cubo de Donalú). The sub-block was the preschool-age children like its competitors with Univision's sister-network, Galavisión's live-action preschool block, "Galamiguitos". Among the programs featured preschool children series on "Toonturama Junior" was Plaza Sésamo ("City Square Sesame"), Televisa and Sesame Workshop's Spanish-language adaptation of Sesame Street featuring a mix of original segments featuring characters based on its U.S.-based parent series and dubbed interstitials from the aforementioned originating program, which had aired on Univision since 1995 (ahead to the original "Planeta U" block since 2001 to 2003) after a seven-year run and passed on the U.S. television rights to Telefutura at its launch. Programming Scheduling variances and pre-emptions All of the programs aired within the block featured content compliant with educational programming requirements as mandated by the Children's Television Act. Though the block was intended to air on weekday mornings and Saturday and Sunday mornings, some UniMás affiliates deferred certain programs aired within the block to Saturday and Sunday afternoons, including tape delayed the entire block in order to accommodate local weekend morning newscasts, "Miami Ahora" (which is simulcast of the Univision's owned-and-operated, WLTV-23 in Fort Lauderdale/Miami) or other programs of local interest (for example, then-affiliate KTFQ in Albuquerque, New Mexico, – now owned-and-operated by Entravision – aired the Toonturama block from timeslot at 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.) Monday to Friday afternoons due to select national sports broadcasts (especially in the case of 2002 FIFA World Cup and/or 2006 FIFA World Cup soccer tournaments) or the network airing with the consisted of feature films including all of the Hollywood movies earlier attempt daytime or all of the animated holiday movies produced by Warner Bros. (via Warner Bros. Animation, DC Comics and Hanna-Barbera) and MGM scheduled in earlier timeslots to comply with the E/I regulations. Alleviating stations carrying UniMás network programming via that feed from the responsibility of purchasing the local rights to such as paid programs. † - Indicates that the program ran on Univision prior to the block/program moved to "Toonturama" block within Saturday and Sunday mornings. ‡ - Indicates that the original Univision's "¡De Cabeza!" block program moved to Telefutura for its series premieres. Current programming Former programming Acquired programming Animated movies programming Notes See also Planeta U - The weekend morning children's block on Univision. Galamiguitos - The preschool block on Galavisión. Univision y Los Niños - The Monday to Friday and Saturday morning block on Univision from 1989 to 1990. La Piñata Loca - The host of George Ortuzar from Saturday and Sunday morning block on Univision from 1996 to 2000. References External links UniMás original programming Television programming blocks in the United States 2002 American television series debuts

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17169848

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Elliot

Rose Elliot

Rose Elliot (born 1945) is a British vegetarian cookery writer. She has written over 50 books on vegetarian cookery, which have sold three million copies around the world. Her first book, Simply Delicious, was published in 1967. Her latest cookery book, The Best Of Rose Elliot: The Ultimate Vegetarian Collection was published by Mitchell Beazley in 2014. Biography At the age of three, she made the connection between fish to eat and the living creatures themselves and decided to become a vegetarian. Her grandmother, Grace Cooke, was the founder of the spiritualist group White Eagle Lodge. As a member of the family, and vegetarian from the age of three, Rose began cooking vegetarian food at the White Eagle Lodge Retreat Centre "New Lands". She enthusiastically rose to the challenge and created new recipes. Her food was so popular that her recipes were much in demand. This led to her producing a small booklet for the White Eagle Lodge charity. A few publicity copies went out, including to The Times. Rave reviews led to orders from bookshops, launching her career as a cookery writer. Her books are characterized by a chatty style and anecdotes about her experiments in cookery with her family. Inspired by her late mother, Joan Hodgson, Rose became interested in astrology at 13, dedicating her book Life Cycles to her. For 5 years she also wrote "a weekly astrological column for British magazines including Woman’s Realm, Here’s Health and She. With her husband, Robert, she developed a computer based service "Rose Elliot Horoscopes". Rose Elliot was awarded the diploma of the Faculty of Astrological Studies (DFAstrolS) and joined the Astrological Association when she was 19, and in 2005 she became a Fellow of The Association of Professional Astrologers International (APAI). Her Life Cycles was completely revised and published by Polair Publishing in November 2008. Rose is patron of the Vegetarian Society, VIVA and The Vegetarian and Vegan Foundation. She lives in Hampshire and in London, and is a member of MENSA. Awards and honours In 1999, she was awarded the MBE for services to vegetarian cookery. Select bibliography Simply Delicious The White Eagle Publishing Trust 1967 Not Just a Load of Old Lentils The White Eagle Publishing Trust 1972, Thrifty Fifty, 50 Low Cost Recipes, Hampshire: White Eagle Publishing Trust, 1973 The Oxfam Vegetable Cookbook, Oxfam 1975 The Bean Book, Fontana 1979 The Festive Vegetarian: Recipes and Menus for Every Occasion, New York, U.S.A.: Pantheon Books, 1983 Rose Elliot's Book of Fruits, Fontana Paperbacks, 1983 Book of Savoury Flans and Pies, Fontana. 1984. Beanfeast; a beginner's guide to wholefood cooking, Fontana 1985 The New Vegetarian Cookbook, London: Octopus Books, 1986 Vegetarian Mother and Baby Book, Pantheon Books, 1986 Cooking with Beans and Pulses : With foreword and star recipes by Rose Elliot, Holland & Barrett / Thorsons Publishers. 1986. Vegetarian Dishes of the World, HarperCollins Publishers, 1988 The Zodiac Cookbook, Pyramid, 1989 Vegetarian Four Seasons, New York, NY, U.S.A.: Random House, 1994 Life Cycles, The Influence of Planetary Cycles on Our Lives, Macmillan, 1993, and Pan, 1995. Rose Elliot's Oxfam Vegetarian Cooking For Children, Vermilion, 1995 Rose Elliot's Vegetarian Fast Food : HarperCollinsPublishers, 1996. Gourmet Vegetarian Cooking, Thorsons, Wellingborough 1996 Quick and Easy Vegetarian Meals for Students, Martin Books, 1997 Vegetarian Meals for Students, HarperCollins, 1997 Mother, Baby & Toddler Book, London: Harper Collins, 1997 Vegetarian Express, Phoenix, 2001 New Vegetarian Cooking: 120 Fast, Fresh, and Fabulous Recipes, Simon & Schuster, 2004 Book Of Pasta The Complete Vegetarian Cookbook Rose Elliot's Vegetarian Cookery Rose Elliot's Vegetarian Christmas Rose Elliot's New Complete Vegetarian Collins, 2010 Best Of Rose Elliot, Mitchell Beazley, 2014 References Sources Rose Elliot, The Vegetarian Queen The goodwebGuide.co.uk. n interview with Rose Elliott. Accessed April 2008. About Rose Elliot At Rose Elliot's website. Accessed April 2008. External links Personal website 1945 births Living people British vegetarianism activists English astrologers English chefs English food writers Members of the Order of the British Empire Mensans People associated with the Vegetarian Society Vegetarian cookbook writers Women cookbook writers Writers from Hampshire Writers from London

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventory%20%28museums%29

Inventory (museums)

An inventory is an itemized list of objects that a museum has accessioned or received via loan(s) and must be physically located by an examiner. A complete, one-hundred percent inventory, or a random inventory of the collection should be carried out periodically to ensure the museum is operating under best practices and for security purposes. The museum is legally responsible and ethically obligated for the maintenance of up-to-date information detailing the location of all objects within the collection, including loaned items and objects that have yet to be accessioned; this is stipulated by many museum associations, including the American Association of Museums. History of Practices (U.S.) The American Association of Museums published its "Code of Ethics for Museum Workers" in 1925 which presaged the creation of training courses for the appropriate management of museum collections. The first rules for the registration of museum objects was published in 1958, the work of Dorothy H. Dudley, of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and Irma Bezold, of the Metropolitan Museum. Necessity The upkeep of the collections’ inventory record is needed for minimum collections accountability. Inventories provide the collections manager and or the registrar with information for insurance purposes, security, and alerts staff to possible conservation or preservation needs of the collection. Security The completion and upkeep of and an inventory system helps to deter and aid in the early detection of theft of the collection. The International Council of Museums (ICOM) urges museums to complete and maintain their inventory systems because "If a museum does not know what is in its collection, where the works are located, and the condition they are in, it, in effect, invites theft because it will have no immediate sense that an object has disappeared, and most important, it will have no descriptive information to aid the recovery of an object in the event of a theft."The type of inventory system used by a museum will be dictated by the Collections Management Policy (CMP). The CMP will determine how often items, what items, and how many items are to be inventory. Museums need to periodically complete a one-hundred percent inventory of their collection, but for the period in between the completion of such an inventory, a random sampling of the collection is sufficient. A random sampling of the collection serves as an indicator for the rest of the collection. If all the items are accounted for in a random sampling, then it can be assumed that rest of the collections’ records is just as reliable. However, a complete inventory provides the institution with the knowledge that the entire collection can be accounted for; the random sampling is used to check the consistency of the collections’ records. An ongoing inventory method is a system that inventories on a regular basis high value items or items that are more susceptible to theft. This method resembles an iceberg, with the high value items being at the top of the iceberg. As the inventory method progresses further down the iceberg, items of lesser value can be found. Items found toward the center of the iceberg, need to be inventoried less than those found higher up on the berg, and more than items found below its position. Items at the lowest position of the iceberg, below the water's surface, may only need to be inventoried annually. With this type of inventory system, the most important or most valued objects are accounted for on a regular basis. Review Inventories serve several purposes, including the opportunity for review of the collections department. Such review includes: are all objects accounted for and found to be stored properly? is there any preservation or conservation issues that need to be brought to the attention of the registrar, collections manager, or curator? is the collections’ location records reliable? An inventory provides a systematic review of the collections department's records and helps to identify any problems. How smoothly an inventory goes is actually a reflection upon the institution. If an inventory is completed with little or no issues, then the collections department is running well; however, if many issues arise during the inventory process, this may be indicative of a collections department in need of review and change. Policy Every museum must complete an inventory on a regular basis and this requirement should be stated in the museum's CMP. The CMP should also outline the steps that need to be carried out in the inventory process, including: an examination of each object and its records the condition of every object should be noted any updates to records shall be made and the inventory list will be filed in the museum's accession file Planning and scheduling Sufficient time spent in planning must be devoted before beginning such a task as an inventory. A well thought out inventory procedure will efficiently utilize staff and their time. Such procedure should include: The scope and purpose of the inventory. Sources of funding for staff and equipment with a commitment from management for adequate time and resources to complete the inventory. Resources required to complete the inventory (e.g. staff hours, computers, making and labelling equipment, imaging equipment, etc.) Establish a timetable for the start and completion of the inventory. Ascertain who will run and or carry out the inventory. Identify the method of approach to completing the inventory, including standards used to record findings. How to catalogue and manage information produced by the inventory and how that information will be reviewed and interpreted. Conducting an inventory Now that inventory policy and procedure have been established, it is time to carry out the inventory. Conducting an inventory is the final step to the inventory process; it is relatively simple in that the actions are repetitive, but it can be one of the most time-consuming parts of the inventory process, depending upon the size of the collection and the intended scope of the inventory. Select a method of approach when beginning the inventory process. How will the collection be inventoried? Shelf by shelf; or in numerical order of the catalogue? Once the inventory method is decided, a uniformed and basic inventory record for each object needs to be created. Such a record might contain the following: Object Number Object Name Brief Description of Object Condition (provides opportunity to conduct a condition check of the object) Current Location Notes (any other details not included in checklist, such as alerting the need for conservation treatment) Recorder and Date Notes References Ashby, Helen, Gordon McKenna, and Matthew Stiff, ed., SPECTRUM Knowledge: Standards for cultural information management. Cambridge: Museum Documentation Association, 2001. Albeit the book focuses on Information Management, it still has useful tips on how to conduct an inventory (referred to as an audit) of a collection. The audit procedure listed contains fifteen detailed steps, with a focus on preparation before actually conducting an audit. Childs, S. Terry and Eileen Corcoran, Managing Archeological Collections: Technical Assistance. Washington, DC.: Archeology and Ethnography Program, National Park Service, 2000. Available from http://www.cr.nps.gov/archeology/collections/, accessed 30 January 2008. This publication, although written specifically for federal repositories, has applications to many museums. The essay makes the point that inventories are legally required, especially since the passage of NAGPRA, which mandated a complete inventory of all Native American human remains and associated funerary objects. Dudley, Dorothy H., Irma Bezold Wilkinson, et al., Museum Registration Methods. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Museums, 1979. The subject of inventories is mentioned throughout the book and in particular has part of one essay covering the topic, “Registration in a Historic House Museum,” by Diane Green Taylor. Museum Registration Methods discusses the basics and the functions of inventories. However, Taylor discusses the topic more in depth, revealing that how smoothly an inventory goes is actually a reflection upon the institution. Finch, Peggy Smith, "The Essential Collections Inventory," in Registrars on Record: Essays on Museum Collection Management, ed. Mary Case. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Museums, 1988. Although inventories can uncover issues they help to solve and prevent future occurrences. This essay is not necessarily a “how to” essay, but rather explains the necessity of completing and keeping up with inventories in institutions. Holm, Stuart A., Facts & Artefacts: How to Document a Museum Collection, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Museum Documentation Association, 1998. Holm provides a basic step by step procedure in how to set up a new inventory system into a collection. International Council of Museums and International Committee on Museum Security, Robert B. Burke and Sam Adeloye, ed., A Manual of Basic Museum Security. Leicester, Great Britain: deVoyle, Leicester, 1986. The authors of this publication give a brief overview of the necessity of instituting an inventory system. Theft prevention is cited as the number one reason to have an inventory system in place. International Council of Museums and the International Security Committee, "Protection, security and conservation of collections," in Collections Management, ed. Anne Fahy. London: Routledge, 1995. The subject of inventory was included in this essay as part of an overview to security issues within collections management. The work gave an overview as to why inventories are needed and required; and gives a very basic synopsis in how to conduct an inventory. McKenna, Gordon and Efthymia Patsatzi, ed., SPECTRUM: The UK Museum Documentation Standard, Cambridge: Museum Documentation Association, 2007. McKenna and Patsatzi give a broad overview of what an inventory is and includes procedure set-up and review of an inventory system. The essay also incorporates a short background on possible legal issues and policy requirements. National Park Service, Museum Handbook, Part II, Museum Records. Washington, DC: National Park Service, 2000. Available from http://www.nps.gov/history/museum/publications/MHII/mh2ch4.pdf, accessed on 2 February 2008. In this publication the National Park Service gives an expansive overview of the inventory process, including such topics as inventory of educational, reproductions, and living history objects; determining the value of museum objects; reporting loss of museum objects; and the list goes on with five other sections. This work is by far the longest and most detailed publication in regards to the inventory process found thus far. Reibel, Daniel B., Registration Methods for the Small Museum, 3rd ed. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press, 1997. Even though this book was originally published in 1991, computer databases must have still been something that only the very big museums could afford, because the inventory techniques make reference to computers yet describes how to complete an inventory using a card cataloguing system. This work may not be that useable to most museums, but to those with out a database, the publication would be helpful. External links Collections Link International Council of Museums (ICOM) American Alliance of Museums (AAM) Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA) Museum Documentation Association (MDA) Museum Association Australasian Registrars Committee (ARC) Museology Collections care

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17169884

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuyasa%20Kids

Kuyasa Kids

The Kuyasa Kids is a choir in South Africa that tours the states to gather sponsors for orphans of the AIDS epidemic. The band Switchfoot has helped them to create a CD which is sold through their own independent label, lowercase people Records. The choir consists of children from age 8 to as old as about 19. They are from the township of Kayamandi in Stellenbosch, which is about 40 minutes drive from Cape Town. They tour the states with an organization called Horizon International, which sponsors children that are orphaned by HIV/AIDS. Choirs of children

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17169896

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Marais/Cook%20County%20Seaplane%20Base

Grand Marais/Cook County Seaplane Base

Grand Marais/Cook County Seaplane Base is a county-owned, public-use seaplane base located seven miles (11 km) northwest of the central business district of Grand Marais, a city in Cook County, Minnesota, United States. It is located on the shore of Devil's Track Lake and was formerly part of Devil's Track Municipal Airport (FAA: GRM). That airport had a runway which closed after the opening of Grand Marais/Cook County Airport (FAA: CKC), located one mile (1.6 km) to the north. Facilities and aircraft Grand Marais/Cook County Seaplane Base covers an area of at an elevation of 1,635 feet (498 m) above mean sea level. It has two seaplane landing areas: 9/27 is 15,000 x 1,500 feet (4,572 x 457 m) and 3/21 is 3,000 x 2,000 feet (914 x 610 m). For the 12-month period ending August 31, 2003, the airport had 550 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 46 per month. See also Grand Marais/Cook County Airport List of airports in Minnesota References External links Grand Marais Cook County Airport & Seaplane Base at Minnesota DOT Airport Directory Airports in Minnesota Seaplane bases in the United States Buildings and structures in Cook County, Minnesota Transportation in Cook County, Minnesota

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17169903

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectar%20%28Enanitos%20Verdes%20album%29

Nectar (Enanitos Verdes album)

Nectar, also written as Néctar, released on June 15, 1999, is the eleventh album of rock en español group Enanitos Verdes. It was produced by Coti Sorokin, and was recorded and mixed entirely in Buenos Aires between the months of January and March 1999. It received a nomination for Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards, becoming the group's second and last nomination at the ceremony. The album, which includes ten songs, is a blend of different musical styles such as rock and ballads, as well as regional rhythms. Track listing Cordillera [Mountain range] - 4:39 Hombre Vegetal [Vegetable man] - 5:07 Tequila - 4:05 Luz de Día [Daylight] - 4:29 Futuro Mejor [Better future] - 4:54 Mal de Amores [Lovesickness] - 3:59 Ay! Dolores - 4:04 Rebeca - 4:17 Piel [Skin] - 2:53 La Banda de la Esquina [The corner band] - 5:10 External links 1999 albums Enanitos Verdes albums

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17169905

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxotrichlorobis%28triphenylphosphine%29rhenium%28V%29

Oxotrichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)rhenium(V)

Oxotrichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)rhenium(V) is the chemical compound with the formula ReOCl3(PPh3)2. This yellow, air-stable solid is a precursor to a variety of other rhenium complexes. In this diamagnetic compound, Re has an octahedral coordination environment with one oxo, three chloro and two mutually trans triphenylphosphine ligands. The oxidation state of rhenium is +5 and its configuration is d2. Synthesis ReOCl3(PPh3)2 is commercially available, but it is readily synthesized by reaction of perrhenic acid with triphenylphosphine in a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. In this reaction, Re(VII) is reduced to Re(V), and triphenylphosphine is oxidized to its oxide. HReO4 + 3 HCl + 3 PPh3 → ReOCl3(PPh3)2 + Ph3PO + 2 H2O The required perrhenic acid solution can be prepared in situ from rhenium(VII) oxide. Uses ReOCl3(PPh3)2 is a precursor to a variety of other oxo-, nitridio, and hydrido complexes. It converts to ReH7(PPh3)2 by a treatment with LiAlH4. ReOCl3(PPh3)2 catalyzes the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols by DMSO, producing the corresponding ketals. References Rhenium compounds Chloro complexes Triphenylphosphine complexes

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17169951

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harihara%20%28poet%29

Harihara (poet)

Harihara (or Harisvara) () was a noted Kannada poet and writer in the 12th century. A native of Halebidu in modern Hassan district, he came from a family of accountants (Karnikas) and initially served in that capacity in the court of Hoysala King Narasimha I (r.1152–1173 CE). Later, he moved to Hampi and authored many landmark classics. Among his important writings, the Girijakalyana written in champu metre (mixed prose-verse) is considered one of the enduring classics of Kannada language. Famous writings Magnum opus Harihara, although one of the earliest Veerashaiva writers, was not part of the famous Vachana literary tradition. He wrote under the patronage of King Narasimha I. He wrote his magnum opus, the Girijakalyana ("Marriage of the mountain born Goddess") in the Kalidasa tradition, though employing the old Jain champu style, with the story leading to the marriage of God Shiva and his consort Parvati in ten sections. Harihara brings out his ability for narration while describing the lamentation of Rati for Kama, and the intense love and devotion of Parvati for Shiva. Though known for his magnum opus, his poetic talent found complete expression in his lyrical and narrative ragale poems. It was Harihara who popularised the ragale (couplets in blank verse), a metre native to Kannada language. In a deviation from the norm of the day, Harihara avoided glorifying famous mortals and continued the Jain tradition of "glorifying the spirit" and the "conquest of evil within oneself". So against eulogising earthly mortals was Harihara, legend has it that he physically abused his protégé Raghavanka for writing about King Harishchandra in the work Harishchandra Kavya (c. 1200). Other poetic works Shivaganada ragale Harihara is credited with a collection of more than one hundred poems in the ragale metre called the Nambiyanana ragale (also called Shivaganada ragale or Saranacharitamanasa–"The holy lake of the lives of the devotees", c. 1160) after the saint Nambiyana. In this writing, which is a eulogy of the 63 saints of early Shaivism (devotion to God Shiva), of the later social reformers such as Basavanna, Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi, and of God Virupaksha (a form of Hindu god Shiva), Harihara express emotions as few poets could. Referenced in this writing is the Tamil epic Periyapuranam. Basavarajadevara ragale Another important writing (though partially available), in the ragale metre is the Basavarajadevara ragale. It is on the life of Basavanna emphasizing the protagonist's compassion for devotees of the god Shiva. This work is the earliest biography of Basavanna from which 13 out of 25 sections are available and are considered important because the author was a near contemporary of his protagonist and set the trend for future biographers. Harihara thus became the earliest poetic biographer in the Kannada language. Interesting details of Basavanna's life are narrated by Harihara, some of which contradict commonly held beliefs. The author, who does not appear to be personally acquainted with his protagonist, mixed facts with some mythological details. While popular theory holds that Basavanna left his native place over a difference of opinion with his father regarding the brahminical initiation ritual (the "sacred thread ceremony"), Harihara's account states Basavanna lost his parents early in life and was cared for by his grandmother. Later he discarded his thread and left for Sangama, indicating he was already initiated. Regarding Basavanna's employment under King Bijjala II, while popular theory holds that Basavanna succeeded his deceased maternal uncle (whose daughter he was married to) as the treasurer of the king, according to Harihara, Basavanna's introduction to the king was made by the incumbent treasurer Sidhdandadhisa, whom he later succeeded to the post. Mudigeya Ashtaka Mudigeya ashtaka (1200) is an important ashtaka poem (an eight line verse metre) by Harihara. Legend has it that once when Harihara bowed down in prayer to his God (Shiva), the "Rudraksha" flowers in his headgear (a mudige) fell on the floor. Seeing this, the devotees who had gathered there derided Harihara for wearing the headgear. In response, Harihara composed the ashtaka extempore in honor of his deity and included a challenging phrase "I have laid the mudige on the floor, let me see who can pick it up". Other writings Harihara's other works include Pushpa ragale, Marichanana ragale and Pampa sataka (written in the shataka metre comprising a string of 100 verses), in praise of the god Virupaksha of Hampi. For his poetic talent, he has earned the honorific "poet of exuberance" (utsava kavi). Notes References 12th-century births 13th-century deaths Kannada poets History of Karnataka People from Hassan Indian male poets 12th-century Indian poets 13th-century Indian poets

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17169979

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20fisheries

Wild fisheries

A wild fishery is a natural body of water with a sizeable free-ranging fish or other aquatic animal (crustaceans and molluscs) population that can be harvested for its commercial value. Wild fisheries can be marine (saltwater) or lacustrine/riverine (freshwater), and rely heavily on the carrying capacity of the local aquatic ecosystem. Wild fisheries are sometimes called capture fisheries. The aquatic life they support is not artificially controlled in any meaningful way and needs to be "captured" or fished. Wild fisheries exist primarily in the oceans, and particularly around coasts and continental shelves, but also exist in lakes and rivers. Issues with wild fisheries are overfishing and pollution. Significant wild fisheries have collapsed or are in danger of collapsing, due to overfishing and pollution. Overall, production from the world's wild fisheries has levelled out, and may be starting to decline. As a contrast to wild fisheries, farmed fisheries can operate in sheltered coastal waters, in rivers, lakes and ponds, or in enclosed bodies of water such as pools or fish tanks. Farmed fisheries are technological in nature, and revolve around developments in aquaculture. Farmed fisheries are expanding, and Chinese aquaculture in particular is making many advances. Nevertheless, the majority of fish consumed by humans continues to be sourced from wild fisheries. As of the early 21st century, fish is humanity's only significant wild food source. Marine and inland production According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the world harvest by commercial fisheries in 2010 consisted of 88.6 million tonnes of aquatic animals captured in wild fisheries, plus another 0.9 million tons of aquatic plants (seaweed etc.). This can be contrasted with 59.9 million tonnes produced in fish farms, plus another 19.0 million tons of aquatic plants harvested in aquaculture. Marine fisheries Topography Ocean currents Gyres and upwelling Biomass Habitats Coastal waters Continental shelves Coral reefs Open sea Seamounts Maritime species Freshwater fisheries Lakes Worldwide, freshwater lakes have an area of 1.5 million square kilometres. Saline inland seas add another 1.0 million square kilometres. There are 28 freshwater lakes with an area greater than 5,000 square kilometres, totalling 1.18 million square kilometres or 79 percent of the total. Freshwater fisheries are essential to supporting human life around the globe whether they are used for recreation or commercial use. Climate change presents several challenges in sustaining these fisheries as waters become warmer resulting in decreased dissolved oxygen, as the toxicity of pollutants increases, and as the physiological changes in fishes and changes in their habitat systems alter what we are used to. Deoxygenation and eutrophication are two major effects that are detrimental to fish and ecosystem health and the problem is more prevalent as the size of the body of water decreases. Details on the changes occurring in fish physiology and their habitats can be found at the respective citation. Increased management and surveillance on freshwater fisheries will be vital to the longevity, sustainability, and productivity of the fisheries and essential to maintaining our food production from that source. Rivers Pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment. Wild fisheries flourish in oceans, lakes, and rivers, and the introduction of contaminants is an issue of concern, especially as regards plastics, pesticides, heavy metals, and other industrial and agricultural pollutants which do not disintegrate rapidly in the environment. Land run-off and industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste enter rivers and are discharged into the sea. Pollution from ships is also a problem. Plastic waste Marine debris is human-created waste that ends up floating in the sea. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the centre of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. Eighty percent of all known marine debris is plastic - a component that has been rapidly accumulating since the end of World War II. Plastics accumulate because they don't biodegrade as many other substances do; while they will photodegrade on exposure to the sun, they do so only under dry conditions, as water inhibits this process. Discarded plastic bags, six pack rings and other forms of plastic waste which finish up in the ocean present dangers to wildlife and fisheries. Aquatic life can be threatened through entanglement, suffocation, and ingestion. Nurdles, also known as mermaids' tears, are plastic pellets typically under five millimetres in diameter, and are a major contributor to marine debris. They are used as a raw material in plastics manufacturing, and are thought to enter the natural environment after accidental spillages. Nurdles are also created through the physical weathering of larger plastic debris. They strongly resemble fish eggs, only instead of finding a nutritious meal, any marine wildlife that ingests them will likely starve, be poisoned and die. Many animals that live on or in the sea consume flotsam by mistake, as it often looks similar to their natural prey. Plastic debris, when bulky or tangled, is difficult to pass, and may become permanently lodged in the digestive tracts of these animals, blocking the passage of food and causing death through starvation or infection. Tiny floating particles also resemble zooplankton, which can lead filter feeders to consume them and cause them to enter the ocean food chain. In samples taken from the North Pacific Gyre in 1999 by the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, the mass of plastic exceeded that of zooplankton by a factor of six. More recently, reports have surfaced that there may now be 30 times more plastic than plankton, the most abundant form of life in the ocean. Toxic additives used in the manufacture of plastic materials can leach out into their surroundings when exposed to water. Waterborne hydrophobic pollutants collect and magnify on the surface of plastic debris, thus making plastic far more deadly in the ocean than it would be on land. Hydrophobic contaminants are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues, biomagnifying up the food chain and putting great pressure on apex predators. Some plastic additives are known to disrupt the endocrine system when consumed, others can suppress the immune system or decrease reproductive rates. Toxins Apart from plastics, there are particular problems with other toxins which do not disintegrate rapidly in the marine environment. Heavy metals are metallic chemical elements that have a relatively high density and are toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples are mercury, lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium. Other persistent toxins are PCBs, DDT, pesticides, furans, dioxins and phenols. Such toxins can accumulate in the tissues of many species of aquatic life in a process called bioaccumulation. They are also known to accumulate in benthic environments, such as estuaries and bay muds: a geological record of human activities of the last century. Some specific examples are Chinese and Russian industrial pollution such as phenols and heavy metals in the Amur River have devastated fish stocks and damaged its estuary soil. Wabamun Lake in Alberta, Canada, once the best whitefish lake in the area, now has unacceptable levels of heavy metals in its sediment and fish. Acute and chronic pollution events have been shown to impact southern California kelp forests, though the intensity of the impact seems to depend on both the nature of the contaminants and duration of exposure. Due to their high position in the food chain and the subsequent accumulation of heavy metals from their diet, mercury levels can be high in larger species such as bluefin and albacore. As a result, in March 2004 the United States FDA issued guidelines recommending that pregnant women, nursing mothers and children limit their intake of tuna and other types of predatory fish. Some shellfish and crabs can survive polluted environments, accumulating heavy metals or toxins in their tissues. For example, mitten crabs have a remarkable ability to survive in highly modified aquatic habitats, including polluted waters. The farming and harvesting of such species needs careful management if they are to be used as a food. Mining has a poor environmental track record. For example, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, mining has contaminated portions of the headwaters of over 40% of watersheds in the western continental US. Much of this pollution finishes up in the sea. Heavy metals enter the environment through oil spills - such as the Prestige oil spill on the Galician coast - or from other natural or anthropogenic sources. Eutrophication Eutrophication is an increase in chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen or phosphorus, in an ecosystem. It can result in an increase in the ecosystem's primary productivity (excessive plant growth and decay), and further effects including lack of oxygen and severe reductions in water quality, fish, and other animal populations. The biggest culprit are rivers that empty into the ocean, and with it the many chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture as well as waste from livestock and humans. An excess of oxygen depleting chemicals in the water can lead to hypoxia and the creation of a dead zone. Surveys have shown that 54% of lakes in Asia are eutrophic; in Europe, 53%; in North America, 48%; in South America, 41%; and in Africa, 28%. Estuaries also tend to be naturally eutrophic because land-derived nutrients are concentrated where run-off enters the marine environment in a confined channel. The World Resources Institute has identified 375 hypoxic coastal zones around the world, concentrated in coastal areas in Western Europe, the Eastern and Southern coasts of the US, and East Asia, particularly in Japan. In the ocean, there are frequent red tide algae blooms that kill fish and marine mammals and cause respiratory problems in humans and some domestic animals when the blooms reach close to shore. In addition to land runoff, atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen can enter the open ocean. A study in 2008 found that this could account for around one third of the ocean's external (non-recycled) nitrogen supply and up to three per cent of the annual new marine biological production. It has been suggested that accumulating reactive nitrogen in the environment may have consequences as serious as putting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Acidification The oceans are normally a natural carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Because the levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide are increasing, the oceans are becoming more acidic. The potential consequences of ocean acidification are not fully understood, but there are concerns that structures made of calcium carbonate may become vulnerable to dissolution, affecting corals and the ability of shellfish to form shells. A report from NOAA scientists published in the journal Science in May 2008 found that large amounts of relatively acidified water are upwelling to within four miles of the Pacific continental shelf area of North America. This area is a critical zone where most local marine life lives or is born. While the paper dealt only with areas from Vancouver to northern California, other continental shelf areas may be experiencing similar effects. Effects of fishing Habitat destruction Fishing nets that have been left or lost in the ocean by fishermen are called ghost nets, and can entangle fish, dolphins, sea turtles, sharks, dugongs, crocodiles, seabirds, crabs, and other creatures. Acting as designed, these nets restrict movement, causing starvation, laceration and infection, and—in those that need to return to the surface to breathe—suffocation. Fishing operations often use trawl netting dragging and dredging them across the ocean bottom. Numerous habitats and ecosystems are disturbed and destroyed by trawling including coral reefs, sediments, and grasses that provide feeding and breeding grounds for a plethora of marine organisms. Coastal habitats such as mangroves are often sites of aquaculture farming practices in which the mangroves are either destroyed for easier use of the land or experience harmful conditions due to the farm being abandoned once the area becomes too polluted with excess nutrients. Overfishing Some specific examples of overfishing. On the east coast of the United States, the availability of bay scallops has been greatly diminished by the overfishing of sharks in the area. A variety of sharks have, until recently, fed on rays, which are a main predator of bay scallops. With the shark population reduced, in some places almost totally, the rays have been free to dine on scallops to the point of greatly decreasing their numbers. Chesapeake Bay's once-flourishing oyster populations historically filtered the estuary's entire water volume of excess nutrients every three or four days. Today that process takes almost a year, and sediment, nutrients, and algae can cause problems in local waters. Oysters filter these pollutants, and either eat them or shape them into small packets that are deposited on the bottom where they are harmless. The Australian government alleged in 2006 that Japan illegally overfished southern bluefin tuna by taking 12,000 to 20,000 tonnes per year instead of their agreed 6,000 tonnes; the value of such overfishing would be as much as US$2 billion. Such overfishing has resulted in severe damage to stocks. "Japan's huge appetite for tuna will take the most sought-after stocks to the brink of commercial extinction unless fisheries agree on more rigid quotas" stated the WWF. Japan disputes this figure, but acknowledges that some overfishing has occurred in the past. Jackson, Jeremy B C et al. (2001) Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems Science 293:629-638. Our World in Data provides a figure showing the trend in global fishing exploitation over a few decades to reveal the intensifying circumstances at hand: Overfishing presents many threats to fish population densities, obviously. However, as these populations plummet below the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) value for the specific population, you are now risking the loss of biodiversity and possibility for extinction due to less diversity. This loss in diversity is especially concerning as we deal with environmental changes from climate change since less diversity decreases a populations ability to adapt and survive the alterations of the habitat. Loss of biodiversity Each species in an ecosystem is affected by the other species in that ecosystem. There are very few single prey-single predator relationships. Most prey are consumed by more than one predator, and most predators have more than one prey. Their relationships are also influenced by other environmental factors. In most cases, if one species is removed from an ecosystem, other species will most likely be affected, up to the point of extinction. Species biodiversity is a major contributor to the stability of ecosystems. When an organism exploits a wide range of resources, a decrease in biodiversity is less likely to have an impact. However, for an organism which exploit only limited resources, a decrease in biodiversity is more likely to have a strong effect. Reduction of habitat, hunting and fishing of some species to extinction or near extinction, and pollution tend to tip the balance of biodiversity. For a systematic treatment of biodiversity within a trophic level, see unified neutral theory of biodiversity. Threatened species The global standard for recording threatened marine species is the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This list is the foundation for marine conservation priorities worldwide. A species is listed in the threatened category if it is considered to be critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable. Other categories are near threatened and data deficient. Marine Many marine species are under increasing risk of extinction and marine biodiversity is undergoing potentially irreversible loss due to threats such as overfishing, bycatch, climate change, invasive species and coastal development. By 2008, the IUCN had assessed about 3,000 marine species. This includes assessments of known species of shark, ray, chimaera, reef-building coral, grouper, marine turtle, seabird, and marine mammal. Almost one-quarter (22%) of these groups have been listed as threatened. Sharks, rays, and chimaeras: are deep water pelagic species, which makes them difficult to study in the wild. Not a lot is known about their ecology and population status. Much of what is currently known is from their capture in nets from both targeted and accidental catch. Many of these slow growing species are not recovering from overfishing by shark fisheries around the world. Groupers: Major threats are overfishing, particularly the uncontrolled fishing of small juveniles and spawning adults. Coral reefs: The primary threats to corals are bleaching and disease which has been linked to an increase in sea temperatures. Other threats include coastal development, coral extraction, sedimentation and pollution. The coral triangle (Indo-Malay-Philippine archipelago) region has the highest number of reef-building coral species in threatened category as well as the highest coral species diversity. The loss of coral reef ecosystems will have devastating effects on many marine species, as well as on people that depend on reef resources for their livelihoods. Marine mammals: include whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otter, marine otter, manatees, dugong and the polar bear. Major threats include entanglement in ghost nets, targeted harvesting, noise pollution from military and seismic sonar, and boat strikes. Other threats are water pollution, habitat loss from coastal development, loss of food sources due to the collapse of fisheries, and climate change. Seabirds: Major threats include longline fisheries and gillnets, oil spills, and predation by rodents and cats in their breeding grounds. Other threats are habitat loss and degradation from coastal development, logging and pollution. Marine turtles: Marine turtles lay their eggs on beaches, and are subject to threats such as coastal development, sand mining, and predators, including humans who collect their eggs for food in many parts of the world. At sea, marine turtles can be targeted by small scale subsistence fisheries, or become bycatch during longline and trawling activities, or become entangled in ghost nets or struck by boats. An ambitious project, called the Global Marine Species Assessment, is under way to make IUCN Red List assessments for another 17,000 marine species by 2012. Groups targeted include the approximately 15,000 known marine fishes, and important habitat-forming primary producers such mangroves, seagrasses, certain seaweeds and the remaining corals; and important invertebrate groups including molluscs and echinoderms. Freshwater Freshwater fisheries have a disproportionately high diversity of species compared to other ecosystems. Although freshwater habitats cover less than 1% of the world's surface, they provide a home for over 25% of known vertebrates, more than 126,000 known animal species, about 24,800 species of freshwater fish, molluscs, crabs and dragonflies, and about 2,600 macrophytes. Continuing industrial and agricultural developments place huge strain on these freshwater systems. Waters are polluted or extracted at high levels, wetlands are drained, rivers channelled, forests deforestated leading to sedimentation, invasive species are introduced, and over-harvesting occurs. In the 2008 IUCN Red List, about 6,000 or 22% of the known freshwater species have been assessed at a global scale, leaving about 21,000 species still to be assessed. This makes clear that, worldwide, freshwater species are highly threatened, possibly more so than species in marine fisheries. However, a significant proportion of freshwater species are listed as data deficient, and more field surveys are needed. Fisheries management A recent paper published by the National Academy of Sciences of the USA warns that: "Synergistic effects of habitat destruction, overfishing, introduced species, warming, acidification, toxins, and massive runoff of nutrients are transforming once complex ecosystems like coral reefs and kelp forests into monotonous level bottoms, transforming clear and productive coastal seas into anoxic dead zones, and transforming complex food webs topped by big animals into simplified, microbially dominated ecosystems with boom and bust cycles of toxic dinoflagellate blooms, jellyfish, and disease". See also Fishing by country List of countries by seafood consumption List of harvested aquatic animals by weight Ocean fisheries Population dynamics of fisheries World fish production References World Ocean Atlas (2005) World ocean database. Retrieved 19 April 2008. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (2007) The World Ocean. Retrieved 19 April 2008. Jacques, Peter (2006) Globalization and the world ocean Rowman Altamira. Pauly, Daniel; Watson, Reg and Alder, Jackie (2005) Global trends in world fisheries: impacts on marine ecosystems and food security Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society, Volume 360, Number 1453. De Young, Cassandra (2007) Review of the state of world marine capture fisheries management FAO, Fisheries Technical Paper 488, Rome. . External links International Nitrogen Initiative: Web site Population Distribution within 100 km of Coastlines (2000) World Resources Institute. NOAA: Carbon cycle science Fishing industry

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17169992

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imponderable%20fluid

Imponderable fluid

Imponderable fluids are features of several superseded scientific theories, such as archaic atomic and electromotive theories. Description The term has been used in natural philosophy and physics to explain certain phenomena as the result of invisible and practically weightless (Latin: imponderabilis) fluids. Historically proposed imponderable fluids include phlogiston and caloric; additionally some physicists considered electricity imponderable. Fluids theories In an article published in 1868, English inventor and polymath Fleeming Jenkin described myriad hypotheses of physics that had been put forth involving imponderable fluids: Leibniz mentions with great disapproval a certain Hartsoeker who supposed that atoms moved in an ambient fluid, though the idea is not unlike his own. It is difficult to trace the origin of the hypothesis, but Galileo and Hobbes both speak of a subtle ether. The conception of an all-pervading imponderable fluid of this kind has formed part of many theories, and ether came to be very generally adopted as a favourite name for the fluid, but caloric was also much thought of as a medium. We even find half-a-dozen imponderable co-existent fluids regarded with favour,—one called heat, another electricity, another phlogiston, another light, and what not, with little hard atoms swimming about, each endowed with forces of repulsion and attraction of all sorts, as was thought desirable. This idea of the constitution of matter was perhaps the worst of all. These imponderable fluids were mere names, and these forces were suppositions, representing no observed facts. No attempt was made to show how or why the forces acted, but gravitation being taken as due to a mere "force", speculators thought themselves at liberty to imagine any number of forces, attractive or repulsive, or alternating, varying as the distance, or the square, cube, or higher power of the distance, etc. At last, Ruđer Bošković got rid of atoms altogether, by supposing them to be the mere centre of forces exerted by a position or point only, where nothing existed but the power of exerting a force. The electric fluid The term "electric fluid" was sometimes used to describe electrical forces which are generated by what science now refers to as an electric field. For example, a basic electric pendulum consists of weights to which an electric charge has been applied, such as through the static electric effect. As masses with similar charges (i.e. both positive or both negative) will repel each other, an "electric fluid" was conceived to explain the effect: "the fluid diffused on the one ball repels and is repelled by the fluid diffused on the other ball, and that the balls being covered by the fluid are reciprocally repelled." M. Martin Ziegler patented a method of producing a "vital fluid" by combining nitrogen and carbon in a porous cell containing ammonia, immersed in a vessel tilled with molasses. The current was to flow through silk threads attached to the vessel: about 1868. See also Grotthuss mechanism (Theodor Grotthuss) Newtonianism References Further reading Grove, W. R. (1874). The correlation of physical forces. London: Longmans, Green. Priestley, J. (1767). The history and present state of electricity: With original experiments, by Joseph Priestley. London. Grotthus, "Sur la Composition de l'Eau et des Corps quelle tient en dissolution a l'aide de l'Electricite galvanique". (Tr., On the Composition of Water Bodies and what holds in solution with the aid of galvanic electricity.) Aether theories Obsolete theories in physics

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20the%20Ball%20%28musical%29

After the Ball (musical)

After the Ball is a musical by Noël Coward based on the 1892 play by Oscar Wilde, Lady Windermere's Fan. After a provincial tour, the musical premiered at the Globe Theatre, London, on 10 June 1954 and ran for 188 performances until 20 November 1954. Robert Helpmann was the director, and the cast included Mary Ellis, Vanessa Lee, Peter Graves and Irene Browne. After the Ball was the last Coward musical launched in the West End; his last two musicals debuted on Broadway before opening in London. After the Ball enjoyed a 1999 Coward centenary production at the Peacock Theatre, London. Background Coward decided, in August 1953, to base a musical on Oscar Wilde's play, Lady Windermere's Fan; he worked on it until January 1954. He delegated the first draft of the script to his assistant Cole Lesley. Lesley "cut out the more glaringly melodramatic of Wilde's lines and divided the remainder into sections ending with a suitable 'cue for a song'" "I know that it is very good indeed," wrote Coward of the finished piece, "I have... turned out some of the best lyrics I have ever written" Coward worked on the piece during his customary winter holiday in Jamaica in December 1953. His music director, Norman Hackforth, flew to Jamaica to help him finish the score after Christmas. The scenery and costume design was by Doris Zinkeisen. Coward cast Mary Ellis in the leading role of Mrs Erlynne, unwisely accepting without audition her assurance that, in her late 50s, she was singing as well as ever. Hackforth soon realised that she could not adequately sing Coward's difficult music for the role. In Coward's absence, Hackforth reluctantly cut the most challenging music for the twelve-week tour opening in Liverpool on 1 March 1954, but he was still dismayed by Ellis's delivery of the music. Coward returned to England at the end of March and saw the production at Bristol on 1 April. He was distressed by what he saw and heard: "the absence of style in the direction... a great deal of the performance was inaudible.... Vanessa [Lee] sang divinely but acted poorly. Mary Ellis acted well but sang so badly I could hardly bear it. The orchestra was appalling, the orchestrations beneath contempt, and poor Norman [Hackforth] conducted like a stick of wet asparagus.". Coward immediately began major rewriting, reorganisation, reorchestration and cutting of the show. He fired his old friend Hackforth as musical director. Hackforth remembered, "If [Coward] had struck me across the face and told me I was no bloody good it would have been less painful!" Coward engaged Phil Green to reorchestrate the score and revised much of Robert Helpmann's production, but he was still "terribly disappointed about After the Ball. The whole project has been sabotaged by Mary not being able to sing it. Unfortunately she is a strong personality and plays it well, otherwise I would of course have had her out of the cast weeks ago." He was still more forthright to his friends Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne: "I have been having a terrible time with After the Ball, mainly on account of Mary Ellis's singing voice which, to coin a phrase, sounds like someone fucking the cat. I know that your sense of the urbane, sophisticated Coward wit will appreciate this simile." In London, reviews were mixed: "The daily Press was idiotic as usual but well-disposed and good box-office. [The Sunday papers] are, on the whole, very good, particularly Harold Hobson in the Sunday Times." The show ran from 10 June until 20 November 1954. In retrospect, the director, Helpmann, wondered whether the attempt to combine Wilde and Coward was ever likely to have worked: You would have thought that a play of Wilde's with music by Noël Coward should be marvellous, but I suddenly realised at the first rehearsal it was like having two funny people at a dinner party. Everything that Noel sent up, Wilde was sentimental about, and everything that Wilde sent up Noel was sentimental about. It was two different points of view and it didn't work." Synopsis In 1899 London, the upper crust gather at Lord and Lady Windermere's London house for a spectacular ball. Lady Windermere at first ignores the gossip that she has a rival for her husband's affections, an older woman called Mrs Erlynne, but she eventually confronts Lord Windermere with the accusation. He admits that he has been paying money to Mrs Erlynne but denies that he has had an affair with her and refuses to say more. In fact, Mrs Erlynne is Lady Windermere's mother, whom her daughter believes to be dead, and Lord Windermere is paying her money to keep her from revealing the relationship. Lady Windermere, still believing the worst of her husband, is tempted by the amorous advances of the debonair Lord Darlington and agrees to visit him at his flat. Mrs Erlynne, learning of this before Lord Windermere, rushes to Darlington's flat to prevent her daughter from committing a destructive folly similar to that which she herself committed twenty years earlier. Without letting Lady Windermere know that they are mother and daughter, Mrs Erlynne persuades her that a liaison with Lord Darlington would be disastrous, but before they can leave, Lord Windermere arrives. The ladies conceal themselves, but Lord Windermere discovers the fan that he has recently given his wife as a birthday present and demands to know if Lord Darlington has Lady Windermere in his rooms. To prevent the exposure of Lady Windermere, Mrs Erlynne enters, saying that it is she who is under Lord Darlington's roof and must have picked up Lady Windermere's fan by mistake. Lady Windermere's reputation is saved, but Mrs Erlynne's is compromised. Fortunately, her admirer, Lord Augustus Lorton, is convinced of her honour and proposes marriage. The Windermeres are reconciled, and all ends happily. Lady Windermere never learns that Mrs Erlynne is her mother. Musical numbers "Oh, What a Century It's Been" "I Knew That You Would Be My Love" "Mr. Hopper's Chanty" "Sweet Day" "Quartette" "Crème de la Crème" "Light Is the Heart" "Why Is It the Woman Who Pays?" "London at Night" "Aria" "May I Have the Pleasure?" "All My Life Ago" "Faraway Land" "Something on a Tray" "Clear Bright Morning" In his book My Life with Noël Coward, Graham Payn reproduced the lyrics for two major numbers featuring Mrs Erlynne which had to be cut because Mary Ellis could not manage them: Mrs Erlynne's entrance in Act I and an aria in the first act finale. Productions After the original run, there has been only one professional revival in the West End, a 1999 Coward centenary production at the Peacock Theatre, London, conducted by John McGlinn. Casts of the original production and the revival are given below. Notes References Castle, Charles (1974) Noël, Sphere Books, London, Day, Barry (ed.) (2007) The Letters of Noël Coward, Methuen, London, Lesley, Cole. (1976) The Life of Noël Coward, Jonathan Cape, London, Payn, Graham and Sheridan Morley (ed.) (1982) The Noël Coward Diaries, Papermac, London Payn, Graham. (1994) My Life with Noël Coward, Applause Books, New York and Tonbridge, Tanvitch, Robert. The London Stage in the 20th Century. Haus Publishing Ltd West End musicals 1954 musicals Adaptations of works by Oscar Wilde Musicals by Noël Coward British musicals Musicals based on plays Musicals set in London Musicals set at parties

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17170046

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Bay%20Symphony%20Orchestra

Long Bay Symphony Orchestra

The Long Bay Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. It was founded by Dr. Diana Swanner-Scroggins in 1988. It is named after the long bay that stretches sixty miles along the Grand Strand region of the North and South Carolina coasts. A professional orchestra, the Symphony has both a full orchestra and a chamber orchestra series each year. In addition, the Symphony has played with many notable artists and groups. Dr. Won-Mo Kim served as the first music director/conductor for the symphony. Dr. Charles Jones Evans has served in that position since 1996. The Symphony is also active in educational programming and the training of tomorrow's musical artists, and operates the Long Bay Symphony's Youth Orchestra. Jessica B. Miller is the current manager of the Youth Orchestra. References External links American orchestras Musical groups established in 1987 Musical groups from South Carolina Performing arts in South Carolina Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

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17170048

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20of%20the%20Deposition%20of%20the%20Robe

Church of the Deposition of the Robe

The Church of the Deposition of the Robe () is a church which stands on Cathedral Square in the Moscow Kremlin. It was begun in 1484 by masters from Pskov, most likely by the same group of architects who built the adjacent Cathedral of the Annunciation. It serves as a part of Moscow Kremlin Museums. The church was built on the site of a previous church, built by Jonah Metropolitan of Moscow in 1451. The name of the church, variously translated as the Church of the Virgin's Robe, The Church of Laying Our Lady’s Holy Robe, The Church of the Veil or simply Church of the Deposition, is said to refer to a festival dating from the 5th century AD, celebrating when the robe of the Virgin Mary was taken from Palestine to Constantinople, where it protected the city from being conquered. For example, tradition says that during the Rus'-Byzantine War of 860 the patriarch placed the Virgin's Robe into the sea, causing a storm that destroyed the invading Rus' ships. A four-level iconostasis, created by Nazary Istomin Savin in 1627, has been preserved in the church, and has frescoes painted by Ivan Borisov, Sidor Pospeev and Semyon Abramov in 1644. The church itself was built in the traditional Early Russian style, characterized by "a noticeable tendency towards more elevated proportions, the overall structure being extended by being placed on raised foundations, and the drum supporting the single dome also being raised." As with the Cathedral of the Annunciation, the intricate interior detail and ornamentation were characteristic of Russian architecture of this period. Originally, the church served as the private chapel of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus', but during the mid-17th century, it was taken over by the Russian royal family. The church was badly damaged in a fire in 1737 (the same fire that cracked the Tsar Bell). Today, the church also houses a display of wood sculpture from the 14th to 19th centuries. References External links Church of Laying Our Lady’s Holy Robe Churches completed in 1451 15th-century Russian Orthodox church buildings Russian Orthodox churches in Moscow Church buildings with domes Moscow Kremlin Museums in Moscow Sculpture galleries Religious organizations established in the 1480s Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Moscow

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17170067

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin-Tindall%20Regional%20Park

Austin-Tindall Regional Park

Austin-Tindall Regional Park is an athletic facility located in Kissimmee, Florida, encompassing of active and passive recreational area from the Orlando International Airport. It hosts annual soccer, football, lacrosse and rugby events, as well as field hockey and archery matches. External links Austin-Tindall Park (official site) Urban public parks Parks in Florida Sports venues in Greater Orlando Kissimmee, Florida Protected areas of Osceola County, Florida Sports in Kissimmee, Florida Soccer venues in Florida American football venues in Florida Lacrosse venues in the United States Field hockey venues in the United States Sports venues completed in 1993 1993 establishments in Florida

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17170069

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus%20Porter%20Museum

Rufus Porter Museum

The Rufus Porter Museum of Art and Ingenuity is located in Bridgton, Maine. It is dedicated to the life and works of Rufus Porter (1792–1884). The museum is located on Main Street in two historic buildings and is open seasonally or by appointment. References External links Rufus Porter Museum Art museums established in 2005 Porter, Rufus Art museums and galleries in Maine Museums in Cumberland County, Maine 2005 establishments in Maine Buildings and structures in Bridgton, Maine Houses in Cumberland County, Maine

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17170088

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtyle%20Hill

Newtyle Hill

Newtyle Hill is a mountainous landform in the Sidlaw Hills in Angus, Scotland The vicinity has elements of prehistory including presence of the Eassie Stone, a Pictish stone dating to the Dark Ages. It is not to be confused with a hill of the same name 2 km east of Dunkeld. See also Hatton Hill Line notes References United Kingdom Ordnance Survey Mapy, Sheet 53, Blairgowrie C.Michael Hogan, Eassie Stone, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham, 7 October 2007 Mountains and hills of Angus, Scotland

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17170099

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C3-Dihydroxybenzoic%20acid

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta. It is also abundant in the fruits of Flacourtia inermis. It is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of organic compound. The colorless solid occurs naturally, being formed via the shikimate pathway. It is incorporated into various siderophores, which are molecules that strongly complex iron ions for absorption into bacteria. 2,3-DHB consists of a catechol group, which upon deprotonation binds iron centers very strongly, and the carboxylic acid group by which the ring attaches to various scaffolds through amide bonds. A famous high affinity siderophore is enterochelin, which contains three dihydroxybenzoyl substituents linked to the depsipeptide of serine. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties. 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is also a product of human aspirin metabolism. References Dihydroxybenzoic acids Salicylic acids Chelating agents Catechols

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17170131

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20Security%20Council%20Resolution%20351

United Nations Security Council Resolution 351

United Nations Security Council Resolution 351, adopted on June 10, 1974, after examining the application of the People's Republic of Bangladesh for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that the People's Republic of Bangladesh be admitted. The resolution was adopted without vote. See also List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 301 to 400 (1971–1976) References Text of the Resolution at undocs.org External links 0351 0351 0351 1974 in Bangladesh June 1974 events

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