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PMC520751_F5_551.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | This figure illustrates some of the pre and post x-rays taken after 4–6 weeks of treatment. |
PMC520751_F5_550.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | This figure illustrates some of the pre and post x-rays taken after 4–6 weeks of treatment. |
PMC520751_F5_545.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | This figure illustrates some of the pre and post x-rays taken after 4–6 weeks of treatment. |
PMC520751_F5_547.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | This figure illustrates some of the pre and post x-rays taken after 4–6 weeks of treatment. |
PMC520751_F5_549.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | This figure illustrates some of the pre and post x-rays taken after 4–6 weeks of treatment. |
PMC520828_F2_556.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Aspergillus antigen-induced lung inflammation appears similar in wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. H&E stained lung sections from PBS- or Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. Representative normal airway from wild-type control mice (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Representative lung sections from Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- mice (D) demonstrate intense peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification: 20× objective. |
PMC520828_F2_553.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Aspergillus antigen-induced lung inflammation appears similar in wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. H&E stained lung sections from PBS- or Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. Representative normal airway from wild-type control mice (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Representative lung sections from Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- mice (D) demonstrate intense peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification: 20× objective. |
PMC520828_F2_554.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Aspergillus antigen-induced lung inflammation appears similar in wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. H&E stained lung sections from PBS- or Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. Representative normal airway from wild-type control mice (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Representative lung sections from Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- mice (D) demonstrate intense peribronchiolar and perivascular inflammation. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification: 20× objective. |
PMC520828_F4_560.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Aspergillus antigen induced goblet cell hyperplasia in wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. Representative PAS-stained lung sections from PBS-treated wild-type mice (A) showed minimal PAS-positive staining (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- mice (D) showed magenta staining in epithelial cells, which represents mucus. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification, 40× objective. |
PMC520828_F4_557.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Aspergillus antigen induced goblet cell hyperplasia in wild-type, Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- mice. Representative PAS-stained lung sections from PBS-treated wild-type mice (A) showed minimal PAS-positive staining (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- mice (D) showed magenta staining in epithelial cells, which represents mucus. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification, 40× objective. |
PMC520828_F7_563.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Increased airway subepithelial collagen deposition after treatment with Aspergillus antigen. Representative lung sections from PBS-treated mice show minimal trichrome staining around small airways (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Increased trichrome staining is noted around small airways in Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- (D) mice. Blue staining around airways represents collagen. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification, 20× objective. |
PMC520828_F7_562.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Increased airway subepithelial collagen deposition after treatment with Aspergillus antigen. Representative lung sections from PBS-treated mice show minimal trichrome staining around small airways (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Increased trichrome staining is noted around small airways in Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- (D) mice. Blue staining around airways represents collagen. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification, 20× objective. |
PMC520828_F7_564.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Increased airway subepithelial collagen deposition after treatment with Aspergillus antigen. Representative lung sections from PBS-treated mice show minimal trichrome staining around small airways (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Increased trichrome staining is noted around small airways in Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- (D) mice. Blue staining around airways represents collagen. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification, 20× objective. |
PMC520828_F7_561.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Increased airway subepithelial collagen deposition after treatment with Aspergillus antigen. Representative lung sections from PBS-treated mice show minimal trichrome staining around small airways (A) (similar findings from Mcp-1-/- and Ccr2-/- control mice are not shown). Increased trichrome staining is noted around small airways in Aspergillus antigen-treated wild-type (B), Mcp-1-/- (C) and Ccr2-/- (D) mice. Blue staining around airways represents collagen. Aspergillus antigen exposure and sample collection are described in methods. Magnification, 20× objective. |
PMC520834_F3_568.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Tat-dependent expression of APOBEC3G. HeLa cells were transfected with pNL-A1 and pHIV-APO3G at a 1:1 molar ratio. Transfected cells were grown on cover slips for 24 hr and then either fixed with ice-cold methanol (panels A-C) or with formaldehyde buffer as described in Methods (panels D-F). Cells were stained with an APOBEC3G-specific antibody (A & D) and a Vif monoclonal antibody (B & E) as in figure 2 and analyzed on a confocal microscope. Panels C & F are overlays of panels A & B and D & E, respectively. Arrow heads are defined as follows: white = APOBEC3G:Vif-double-positive cells; yellow = Vif-negative cells; blue = APOBEC3G negative cells. |
PMC520834_F3_565.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Tat-dependent expression of APOBEC3G. HeLa cells were transfected with pNL-A1 and pHIV-APO3G at a 1:1 molar ratio. Transfected cells were grown on cover slips for 24 hr and then either fixed with ice-cold methanol (panels A-C) or with formaldehyde buffer as described in Methods (panels D-F). Cells were stained with an APOBEC3G-specific antibody (A & D) and a Vif monoclonal antibody (B & E) as in figure 2 and analyzed on a confocal microscope. Panels C & F are overlays of panels A & B and D & E, respectively. Arrow heads are defined as follows: white = APOBEC3G:Vif-double-positive cells; yellow = Vif-negative cells; blue = APOBEC3G negative cells. |
PMC520834_F3_566.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Tat-dependent expression of APOBEC3G. HeLa cells were transfected with pNL-A1 and pHIV-APO3G at a 1:1 molar ratio. Transfected cells were grown on cover slips for 24 hr and then either fixed with ice-cold methanol (panels A-C) or with formaldehyde buffer as described in Methods (panels D-F). Cells were stained with an APOBEC3G-specific antibody (A & D) and a Vif monoclonal antibody (B & E) as in figure 2 and analyzed on a confocal microscope. Panels C & F are overlays of panels A & B and D & E, respectively. Arrow heads are defined as follows: white = APOBEC3G:Vif-double-positive cells; yellow = Vif-negative cells; blue = APOBEC3G negative cells. |
PMC520834_F3_570.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | Tat-dependent expression of APOBEC3G. HeLa cells were transfected with pNL-A1 and pHIV-APO3G at a 1:1 molar ratio. Transfected cells were grown on cover slips for 24 hr and then either fixed with ice-cold methanol (panels A-C) or with formaldehyde buffer as described in Methods (panels D-F). Cells were stained with an APOBEC3G-specific antibody (A & D) and a Vif monoclonal antibody (B & E) as in figure 2 and analyzed on a confocal microscope. Panels C & F are overlays of panels A & B and D & E, respectively. Arrow heads are defined as follows: white = APOBEC3G:Vif-double-positive cells; yellow = Vif-negative cells; blue = APOBEC3G negative cells. |
PMC520834_F3_567.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Tat-dependent expression of APOBEC3G. HeLa cells were transfected with pNL-A1 and pHIV-APO3G at a 1:1 molar ratio. Transfected cells were grown on cover slips for 24 hr and then either fixed with ice-cold methanol (panels A-C) or with formaldehyde buffer as described in Methods (panels D-F). Cells were stained with an APOBEC3G-specific antibody (A & D) and a Vif monoclonal antibody (B & E) as in figure 2 and analyzed on a confocal microscope. Panels C & F are overlays of panels A & B and D & E, respectively. Arrow heads are defined as follows: white = APOBEC3G:Vif-double-positive cells; yellow = Vif-negative cells; blue = APOBEC3G negative cells. |
PMC520834_F3_569.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Tat-dependent expression of APOBEC3G. HeLa cells were transfected with pNL-A1 and pHIV-APO3G at a 1:1 molar ratio. Transfected cells were grown on cover slips for 24 hr and then either fixed with ice-cold methanol (panels A-C) or with formaldehyde buffer as described in Methods (panels D-F). Cells were stained with an APOBEC3G-specific antibody (A & D) and a Vif monoclonal antibody (B & E) as in figure 2 and analyzed on a confocal microscope. Panels C & F are overlays of panels A & B and D & E, respectively. Arrow heads are defined as follows: white = APOBEC3G:Vif-double-positive cells; yellow = Vif-negative cells; blue = APOBEC3G negative cells. |
PMC521078_F2_572.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Histology of non-alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema. In non-alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency emphysema, chronic respiratory bronchiolitis, destruction of the alveolar architecture, prominent accumulation of macrophages (A, hematoxylin eosin, original magnification ×40) and marked bronchiolitis of the terminal bronchioles is found (B, hematoxylin eosin, original magnification ×100). |
PMC521078_F3_571.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Histology of normal lung tissue in patients with hamartochondroma. In cases of hamartochondroma, only some macrophages and mucus can be detected in the bronchioli (hematoxylin eosin, original magnification ×15). No signs for emphysema or bronchiolitis could be detected. |
PMC521083_F1_579.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | PET images taken before and after RFA treatments: coronal (A, B), and Sagittal (C, D) views of PET scans of lung cancer. (A, C) were taken before RFA treatment; (B, D) were taken two weeks after RFA treatment. |
PMC521083_F1_580.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | PET images taken before and after RFA treatments: coronal (A, B), and Sagittal (C, D) views of PET scans of lung cancer. (A, C) were taken before RFA treatment; (B, D) were taken two weeks after RFA treatment. |
PMC521083_F1_577.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | PET images taken before and after RFA treatments: coronal (A, B), and Sagittal (C, D) views of PET scans of lung cancer. (A, C) were taken before RFA treatment; (B, D) were taken two weeks after RFA treatment. |
PMC521083_F1_578.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | PET images taken before and after RFA treatments: coronal (A, B), and Sagittal (C, D) views of PET scans of lung cancer. (A, C) were taken before RFA treatment; (B, D) were taken two weeks after RFA treatment. |
PMC521083_F2_575.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | PET images taken before and after RFA treatments. This patient had a tumor size larger than 3.5 cm. PET scans were taken 1 week before (A) and 2 weeks after (B) RFA treatment. |
PMC521083_F3_574.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | CT images taken before and after RFA treatments. The same patient PET images were shown as Figure 1. (A) was taken before RFA treatment, (B) was taken 2 week after RFA treatment. |
PMC521083_F3_573.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | CT images taken before and after RFA treatments. The same patient PET images were shown as Figure 1. (A) was taken before RFA treatment, (B) was taken 2 week after RFA treatment. |
PMC521175_pbio-0020341-g003_581.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | Compensasomes Do Not Spread from the X Chromosome onto Autosomal Regions Inserted on the X(A) Females expressing MSL-2 from an msl2Δ3–21 transgene and bearing a reciprocal translocation between the X and second chromosome (line XIII) do not show additional bands in the regions of the 2L arm juxtaposed to X chromosome material.(B) MSL binding pattern on the X chromosome of a wild-type male.(C and D) The autosomal region 81F–82F10–11 does not show MSL binding when inserted at 3D in the single X of a male (line XV) (C) or in MSL-2-expressing females heterozygous for the same transposition (D). Note that the MSL binding pattern on the X chromosome is not altered by the insertion. The light band (arrow) maintained on the wild-type unpaired region of the X of a female heterozygous for the transposition is also present next to the same insertion at 3D on the unique X chromosome of a male (compare C and D). |
PMC521175_pbio-0020341-g003_584.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Compensasomes Do Not Spread from the X Chromosome onto Autosomal Regions Inserted on the X(A) Females expressing MSL-2 from an msl2Δ3–21 transgene and bearing a reciprocal translocation between the X and second chromosome (line XIII) do not show additional bands in the regions of the 2L arm juxtaposed to X chromosome material.(B) MSL binding pattern on the X chromosome of a wild-type male.(C and D) The autosomal region 81F–82F10–11 does not show MSL binding when inserted at 3D in the single X of a male (line XV) (C) or in MSL-2-expressing females heterozygous for the same transposition (D). Note that the MSL binding pattern on the X chromosome is not altered by the insertion. The light band (arrow) maintained on the wild-type unpaired region of the X of a female heterozygous for the transposition is also present next to the same insertion at 3D on the unique X chromosome of a male (compare C and D). |
PMC521175_pbio-0020341-g003_582.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Compensasomes Do Not Spread from the X Chromosome onto Autosomal Regions Inserted on the X(A) Females expressing MSL-2 from an msl2Δ3–21 transgene and bearing a reciprocal translocation between the X and second chromosome (line XIII) do not show additional bands in the regions of the 2L arm juxtaposed to X chromosome material.(B) MSL binding pattern on the X chromosome of a wild-type male.(C and D) The autosomal region 81F–82F10–11 does not show MSL binding when inserted at 3D in the single X of a male (line XV) (C) or in MSL-2-expressing females heterozygous for the same transposition (D). Note that the MSL binding pattern on the X chromosome is not altered by the insertion. The light band (arrow) maintained on the wild-type unpaired region of the X of a female heterozygous for the transposition is also present next to the same insertion at 3D on the unique X chromosome of a male (compare C and D). |
PMC521488_F1_586.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | UVA1 phototherapy in systemic sclerosis. Clinical appearence of acrosclerotic piece-meal necrosis of the first digit in SSc before (Fig. 1) and almost complete clearance following low-dose UVA1 phototherapy (Fig. 2). |
PMC521681_F1_597.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_590.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_598.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_587.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_594.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_596.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_589.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_592.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_591.jpg | What does this image primarily show? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_595.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_588.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F1_599.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | The interphase inactive X in normal and mutant cells: histone modification and macroH2A1 association. Photomicrograph examples of normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts that were FITC-labeled using antisera to various modified histones. Arrows point to sex chromatin on DAPI-stained cells, and to the corresponding sex chromatin site in the FITC-labeled photo. A. Normal, ICF, and Rett fibroblasts FITC-labeled using antisera to acetylated histone H4 (acH4), acetylated histone H3 (acH3), and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (meK4H3). Note that the sex chromatin body is not stained by these antibodies and appears as a hole or a gap that occasionally contains a prominent dot (see insets). This FITC-stained dot appears to correspond to the DXZ4 domain, as described in the text. B. Normal and ICF fibroblasts labeled with antibody to dimethylated K9 histone H3 (meK9H3) and macrohistone H2A1 (macroH2A). |
PMC521681_F2_603.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Histone modification on the inactive X in metaphases from normal and ICF fibroblasts (FB). Examples are shown of normal and ICF (PT3 and PT4) metaphase cells labeled with antisera to acetylated histone H4 (anti-acH4) and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (anti-meK4H3). Arrows point to X chromosomes stained with DAPI that correspond to Xs stained lightly with FITC-antibodies. Note the densely-stained acH4 region on the tip of the inactive X short arm in PT4. Such staining is also seen in normal cells and corresponds to the actively transcribed pseudoautosomal region. These observations indicate that on the inactive X, H4 is hypoacetylated and K4 H3 is hypomethylated in both normal and ICF cells. |
PMC521681_F2_604.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Histone modification on the inactive X in metaphases from normal and ICF fibroblasts (FB). Examples are shown of normal and ICF (PT3 and PT4) metaphase cells labeled with antisera to acetylated histone H4 (anti-acH4) and dimethylated K4 histone H3 (anti-meK4H3). Arrows point to X chromosomes stained with DAPI that correspond to Xs stained lightly with FITC-antibodies. Note the densely-stained acH4 region on the tip of the inactive X short arm in PT4. Such staining is also seen in normal cells and corresponds to the actively transcribed pseudoautosomal region. These observations indicate that on the inactive X, H4 is hypoacetylated and K4 H3 is hypomethylated in both normal and ICF cells. |
PMC521686_F2_607.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Comparison of CF and AgNO3 staining in potato tissues. Plants were labelled with aqueous CFDA and left to translocate for 5 h prior to harvesting. Tubers or stems were hand sectioned and sections were either incubated in mineral oil and examined under a confocal microscope for CF fluorescence or stained for AsA using ethanolic AgNO3. Confocal images are shown on the left and silver stained sections on the right of each panel. A, stem (bar = 2 mm); B, developing tuber (bar = 3 mm); C, large developing tuber (bar = 5 mm). |
PMC521686_F2_608.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Comparison of CF and AgNO3 staining in potato tissues. Plants were labelled with aqueous CFDA and left to translocate for 5 h prior to harvesting. Tubers or stems were hand sectioned and sections were either incubated in mineral oil and examined under a confocal microscope for CF fluorescence or stained for AsA using ethanolic AgNO3. Confocal images are shown on the left and silver stained sections on the right of each panel. A, stem (bar = 2 mm); B, developing tuber (bar = 3 mm); C, large developing tuber (bar = 5 mm). |
PMC521686_F2_605.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Comparison of CF and AgNO3 staining in potato tissues. Plants were labelled with aqueous CFDA and left to translocate for 5 h prior to harvesting. Tubers or stems were hand sectioned and sections were either incubated in mineral oil and examined under a confocal microscope for CF fluorescence or stained for AsA using ethanolic AgNO3. Confocal images are shown on the left and silver stained sections on the right of each panel. A, stem (bar = 2 mm); B, developing tuber (bar = 3 mm); C, large developing tuber (bar = 5 mm). |
PMC521686_F2_606.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | Comparison of CF and AgNO3 staining in potato tissues. Plants were labelled with aqueous CFDA and left to translocate for 5 h prior to harvesting. Tubers or stems were hand sectioned and sections were either incubated in mineral oil and examined under a confocal microscope for CF fluorescence or stained for AsA using ethanolic AgNO3. Confocal images are shown on the left and silver stained sections on the right of each panel. A, stem (bar = 2 mm); B, developing tuber (bar = 3 mm); C, large developing tuber (bar = 5 mm). |
PMC521694_F2_609.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Assessment of asynchrony in parasternal long axis view by M-mode: Time difference between peak of septal and inferior myocardial contraction. |
PMC521694_F3_614.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Tissue Doppler velocity data for the quantification of asynchrony from apical four chamber view. Sample volumes are in the basal lateral and basal septal segment. A) Normal control patient. There is a synchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. IVC = isovolumetric contraction, IVR = isovolumetric relaxation, S = peak systolic velocity; E = early diastolic filling, A = late (atrial) diastolic filling. B) There is asynchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. |
PMC521694_F3_615.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Tissue Doppler velocity data for the quantification of asynchrony from apical four chamber view. Sample volumes are in the basal lateral and basal septal segment. A) Normal control patient. There is a synchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. IVC = isovolumetric contraction, IVR = isovolumetric relaxation, S = peak systolic velocity; E = early diastolic filling, A = late (atrial) diastolic filling. B) There is asynchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. |
PMC521694_F4_611.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Assessment of asynchrony by strain from the apical four chamber view. The sample volumes are in the basal septal and the basal lateral segments. A) Normal strain curve in a control patient. ICT = isovolumetric contraction time. B) Strain curve with asynchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. |
PMC521694_F4_612.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Assessment of asynchrony by strain from the apical four chamber view. The sample volumes are in the basal septal and the basal lateral segments. A) Normal strain curve in a control patient. ICT = isovolumetric contraction time. B) Strain curve with asynchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. |
PMC521694_F4_613.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Assessment of asynchrony by strain from the apical four chamber view. The sample volumes are in the basal septal and the basal lateral segments. A) Normal strain curve in a control patient. ICT = isovolumetric contraction time. B) Strain curve with asynchronous myocardial velocity in the septal (=yellow) and the lateral (=green curve) segment. |
PMC522804_F3_616.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Mucinous deposition of the upper and mid-dermis accompanied by an elevated occurrence of MIB-1+ dermal fibroblasts. |
PMC522808_F3_623.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_626.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_617.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_627.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_628.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_629.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_625.jpg | What's the most prominent thing you notice in this picture? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_620.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_631.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_632.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_618.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_621.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_630.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_622.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F3_624.jpg | What is the focal point of this photograph? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC and GFP-tagged AJ proteins in early embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of live ~6 hours old embryos (stage 11) expressing (a) GFP-E-APC, (b) E-cadherin-GFP, (c) Armadillo-GFP, (d) α-catenin-GFP, with white squares marking sections of cell interfaces that were bleached, and red squares marking unbleached control sections. Pre-bleaching images are shown on the left; subsequent images on the right show recovery of fluorescence within white squares 15, 75 and 300 seconds after bleaching [see additional file 1]. |
PMC522808_F5_635.jpg | What is the dominant medical problem in this image? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC patches in late embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of ~17 hours old embryo (stage 17) expressing GFP-E-APC, showing patches of GFP-E-APC at the apical plasma membrane of epidermal cells forming denticles (pre-bleach and subsequent images labelled as in Fig. 3). Note the fast recovery of the fluorescence in these patches after photobleaching. |
PMC522808_F5_636.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC patches in late embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of ~17 hours old embryo (stage 17) expressing GFP-E-APC, showing patches of GFP-E-APC at the apical plasma membrane of epidermal cells forming denticles (pre-bleach and subsequent images labelled as in Fig. 3). Note the fast recovery of the fluorescence in these patches after photobleaching. |
PMC522808_F5_633.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC patches in late embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of ~17 hours old embryo (stage 17) expressing GFP-E-APC, showing patches of GFP-E-APC at the apical plasma membrane of epidermal cells forming denticles (pre-bleach and subsequent images labelled as in Fig. 3). Note the fast recovery of the fluorescence in these patches after photobleaching. |
PMC522808_F5_634.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | FRAP of GFP-E-APC patches in late embryonic epithelial cells. Face-on views of ~17 hours old embryo (stage 17) expressing GFP-E-APC, showing patches of GFP-E-APC at the apical plasma membrane of epidermal cells forming denticles (pre-bleach and subsequent images labelled as in Fig. 3). Note the fast recovery of the fluorescence in these patches after photobleaching. |
PMC522813_F3_643.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_642.jpg | What object or scene is depicted here? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_639.jpg | What is the core subject represented in this visual? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_638.jpg | What stands out most in this visual? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_641.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_645.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_648.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_647.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_637.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522813_F3_646.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Immunolocalization of ABCG5 and ABCG8 in human liver sections. Panel A shows the staining pattern of ABCG5 and panel B that for ABCG8. The pre-immune controls for both antibodies are as marked and shown in the top right hand corners of each panel. The top panels of each section are at low magnification (bar is 50 μm) and the bottom panels at high magnification (10 μm). The images for ABCG5 and ABCG8 were visualised with red and green colors respectively using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe, Cupertino, CA). The left panels show hematoxylin stained phase contrast images and the middle panels show the fluorescence images after immune serum staining. The bottom right panel of each section shows the merged images of phase contrast and the fluorescence signals. ABCG5 was readily detectable in canalicular cells and at higher magnification seemed to be apical in expression (panel A). On the other hand, ABCG8 was more readily detectable in cells lining the bile ducts (panel B, top panels), as well as in canalicular cells; although its cellular expression appeared more diffuse (see Text for discussion). |
PMC522876_F5_649.jpg | Describe the main subject of this image. | Recapitulation of human xanthinuria type 1 by rosy mutants. (a) Wild-type tubule; (b) tubule from adult ry2 homozygous fly. Both micrographs are at the same magnification, and the diameter of the wild-type tubule can be taken as 35 μm. |
PMC522876_F5_650.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Recapitulation of human xanthinuria type 1 by rosy mutants. (a) Wild-type tubule; (b) tubule from adult ry2 homozygous fly. Both micrographs are at the same magnification, and the diameter of the wild-type tubule can be taken as 35 μm. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_656.jpg | Can you identify the primary element in this image? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_657.jpg | What is the principal component of this image? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_667.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_652.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_662.jpg | What is the main focus of this visual representation? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_655.jpg | What key item or scene is captured in this photo? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_653.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_661.jpg | What is being portrayed in this visual content? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_664.jpg | What is the central feature of this picture? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_669.jpg | What is shown in this image? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
PMC523228_pbio-0020352-g004_654.jpg | What can you see in this picture? | Five Newly Identified Motifs Function as Pharyngeal Enhancers(A–C) Nomarski differential contrast interference images of embryos representing three different stages of embryonic development: (A) “early” development, when the pharynx primordium is formed, (B) “mid” development, when the pharynx has completed cell division and attached to the presumptive buccal cavity, and (C) “late” development, when pharynx development is almost complete and the embryo is about to hatch. Images on the left are of “early” embryos, images in the middle are of “mid” embryos, and images on the right are of “late” embryos.(D–U) Representative transgenic embryos showing expression from reporter constructs containing the Δpes-10 promoter alone (D–F) or with insertion of three copies of Early-1 (G–I), Early-2 (J–L), Late-2 (M–O), P-1 (P–R), or P-2 (S–U). Dashed lines indicate the outline of the developing pharynx. |
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