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anli_squad_llm_tuning_dataset

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instruction stringlengths 216 3.44k	input stringlengths 1 284	output stringlengths 13 716
With the premise: <BOP> 'British NVC community OV6 ("Cerastium glomeratum" - "Fumaria muralis" ssp. "boraei" community) is one of the open habitat communities in the British National Vegetation Classification system. It is one of six arable weed and track-side communities of light, less-fertile acid soils.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Among the 6 arable weed and track-side communities in the British NVC system, OV6 contains the lightest, least-fertile acid soil.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.	Among the 6 arable weed and track-side communities in the British NVC system, OV6 contains the lightest, least-fertile acid soil.	{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context provides the information that there are at least 6 arable weed and track-side communities of light, less-fertile acid soils, but doesn't say how the OV6 community's soil compares to the other five in that category.
<BOP> Models suggest that Neptune's troposphere is banded by clouds of varying compositions depending on altitude. The upper-level clouds lie at pressures below one bar, where the temperature is suitable for methane to condense. For pressures between one and five bars (100 and 500 kPa), clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are thought to form. Above a pressure of five bars, the clouds may consist of ammonia, ammonium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide and water. Deeper clouds of water ice should be found at pressures of about 50 bars (5.0 MPa), where the temperature reaches 273 K (0 °C). Underneath, clouds of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide may be found. <EOP> <BOQ> What clouds form between one and five bars on Neptune? <EOQ>	What clouds form between one and five bars on Neptune?	<BOL> ammonia and hydrogen sulfide <EOL>
<BOP> Native Americans in the United States make up 0.97% to 2% of the population. In the 2010 census, 2.9 million people self-identified as Native American, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native alone, and 5.2 million people identified as U.S. Native Americans, either alone or in combination with one or more ethnicity or other races. 1.8 million are recognized as enrolled tribal members.[citation needed] Tribes have established their own criteria for membership, which are often based on blood quantum, lineal descent, or residency. A minority of US Native Americans live in land units called Indian reservations. Some California and Southwestern tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, Cocopa, Pascua Yaqui and Apache span both sides of the US–Mexican border. Haudenosaunee people have the legal right to freely cross the US–Canadian border. Athabascan, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Iñupiat, Blackfeet, Nakota, Cree, Anishinaabe, Huron, Lenape, Mi'kmaq, Penobscot, and Haudenosaunee, among others live in both Canada and the US. <EOP> <BOQ> How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members? <EOQ>	How many of the self-identified Native Americans are recognized as enrolled tribal members?	<BOL> 1.8 million <EOL>
<BOP> French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of snack restaurants which the French call "les snacks" or "les petits creux" which include sandwiches, pizzas and salads. West Indian cuisine, steamed vegetables with fresh fish is common; Creole dishes tend to be spicier. The island hosts gastronomic events throughout the year, with dishes such as spring roll of shrimp and bacon, fresh grilled lobster, Chinese noodle salad with coconut milk, and grilled beef fillet etc. <EOP> <BOQ> Creole food is often what? <EOQ>	Creole food is often what?	<BOL> spicier <EOL>
<BOP> When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, "transmit on") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a "handshaking" signal warning a sender to stop transmission because of impending overflow; it persists to this day in many systems as a manual output control technique. On some systems Control-S retains its meaning but Control-Q is replaced by a second Control-S to resume output. The 33 ASR also could be configured to employ Control-R (DC2) and Control-T (DC4) to start and stop the tape punch; on some units equipped with this function, the corresponding control character lettering on the keycap above the letter was TAPE and TAPE respectively. <EOP> <BOQ> What casued the automatic paper tape reader to stop? <EOQ>	What casued the automatic paper tape reader to stop?	<BOL> a Control-S <EOL>
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Rod Blagojevich, the former governor of the US state of Illinois, was indicted on Thursday on charges of corruption for allegedly planning to "sell" Barack Obama's Senate seat when the latter vacated it to become President. Five of his advisers, including Blagojevich's brother Robert, were also indicted. The others are former fundraiser, Christopher Kelly, former chief of staff John Harris, former aide Lon Monk, and the lobbyist William Cellini.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'A grand jury decided there was enough evidence to conduct a trial for Rob Blagojevich.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?	A grand jury decided there was enough evidence to conduct a trial for Rob Blagojevich.	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The text said Rod Blagojevich was indicted, which means a grand jury heard evidence and decided there was enough for it to go to trial, so it is definitely correct by definition.
Given the context: <BOP> 'The Argentine Grand Prix (Spanish: "Gran Premio de Argentina") was a round of the Formula One championship, held intermittently from to , all at the same autodrome in the Argentine national capital of Buenos Aires. Argentine president Juan Perón was the driving force behind the creation of the circuit, after seeing the success of the country's own Juan Manuel Fangio.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Juan Manuel was responsible for the creation of the Argentine Grand Prix' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.	Juan Manuel was responsible for the creation of the Argentine Grand Prix	{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} While Juan Manuel's success inspired Juan Peron to create the circuit, it was not him who was responsible for the Grand Prix being there.
<BOP> The instrument was primarily used in an ensemble setting well into the 1930s, and although the fad died out at the beginning of the 1930s, the instruments that were developed for the orchestra found a new home in bluegrass. The famous Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson (1923) was designed to boost the flagging interest in mandolin ensembles, with little success. However, The "Loar" became the defining instrument of bluegrass music when Bill Monroe purchased F-5 S/N 73987 in a Florida barbershop in 1943 and popularized it as his main instrument. <EOP> <BOQ> What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin? <EOQ>	What mandolin was designed to boost interest in the mandolin?	<BOL> Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson <EOL>
From the information in: <BOP> 'Sammy Gutiérrez (born 31 December 1985), is a Mexican professional boxer in the Strawweight division. Guty was born in San Martín Texmelucan de Labastida, Puebla, Mexico. On October 23, 2010, he became the interim WBA Minimumweight champion by beating Colombian Luis Carrillo by 3rd round TKO.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Sammy Gutierrez's nickname was Guty.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.	Sammy Gutierrez's nickname was Guty.	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The article calls Sammy Gutierrez Guty when referring to him.
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Samuel Murez, born October 22, 1982, is a Franco-American director, choreographer, film-maker, editor, composer, producer, and dancer. He has been a member of the Paris Opera Ballet since 2001. He has been the artistic director of 3e étage, an independent group of soloists and dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet, since its founding in 2004.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Samuel Murez is the manager of a group of soloists and dancers.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.	Samuel Murez is the manager of a group of soloists and dancers.	{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context states that Murez is a manager, director, etc. at the Paris Opera Ballet. However, it explicitly states that he is the artistic director for 3e etage, not the manager of the group. Being an artistic director could mean that he manages them, too.
<BOP> Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him "one last chance" to fulfil his promises, despite berating him for several weaknesses including a failure to control immigration. However, it did speak of its hope that the Conservatives (led by Michael Howard) would one day be fit for a return to government. This election (Blair had declared it would be his last as prime minister) resulted in Labour's third successive win but with a much reduced majority. <EOP> <BOQ> What did Blair state about the 2005 election? <EOQ>	What did Blair state about the 2005 election?	<BOL> it would be his last as prime minister <EOL>
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'State Route 204 (SR 204) is part of Maine's system of numbered state highways, located in Hancock County. It runs from State Route 3 in Trenton, passing State Route 184 in Lamoine, and ending at the intersection with Seal Point and Marlboro Beach roads. The route is 6.5 mi long.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'State Route 204 is more than 6 miles long.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?	State Route 204 is more than 6 miles long.	{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is 6.5 miles long, which is more than 6.
<BOP> In October 1919, Albert went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics and civics for a year. On 4 June 1920, he was created Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney. He began to take on more royal duties. He represented his father, and toured coal mines, factories, and railyards. Through such visits he acquired the nickname of the "Industrial Prince". His stammer, and his embarrassment over it, together with his tendency to shyness, caused him to appear much less impressive than his older brother, Edward. However, he was physically active and enjoyed playing tennis. He played at Wimbledon in the Men's Doubles with Louis Greig in 1926, losing in the first round. He developed an interest in working conditions, and was President of the Industrial Welfare Society. His series of annual summer camps for boys between 1921 and 1939 brought together boys from different social backgrounds. <EOP> <BOQ> What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards? <EOQ>	What was Albert's nickname as he toured coal mines, factories, and railyards?	<BOL> Industrial Prince <EOL>
<BOP> Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly. Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas can kill large herbivores that single animals of the same species usually don't dispatch. Social predation allows some animals to organize hunts of creatures that would easily escape a single predator; thus chimpanzees can prey upon colobus monkeys, and Harris's hawks can cut off all possible escapes for a doomed rabbit. Extreme specialization of roles is evident in some hunting that requires co-operation between predators of very different species: humans with the aid of falcons or dogs, or fishing with cormorants. Social predation is often very complex behavior, and not all social creatures (for example, domestic cats) perform it. Even without complex intelligence but instinct alone, some ant species can destroy much larger creatures. <EOP> <BOQ> What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys? <EOQ>	What hunting style allows chimpanzees to prey upon colobus monkeys?	<BOL> Social predation <EOL>
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Phillip Calvert (1626 – 1682), also known as Philip Calvert, was the fifth Governor of Maryland during a brief period in 1660 or 1661. He was appointed by the royally chartered proprietor of Maryland, Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore (1637–1715), as a caretaker to replace Lt. Gen Josias Fendall (1628–1682), the fifth/sixth? provincial governor.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Phillip Calvert resigned from office.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.	Phillip Calvert resigned from office.	{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Its not clear how he left office.
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968. The American Journal of Physics commented, "Luis Alvarez was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century."' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Luis Walter Alvarez was 79 when he died.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.	Luis Walter Alvarez was 79 when he died.	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Based on dates given, my statement is incorrect. System probably can't do the math.
Given the detailed context: 'Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater. It is a sequel to the long-running musical "The Phantom of the Opera" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel "The Phantom of Manhattan", by Forsyth.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Love Never Dies is based on a book written by four men.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.	Love Never Dies is based on a book written by four men.	{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The book was written by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater. That is four different men.
With the given context: <BOP> 'Zebrie Sanders (born December 4, 1989) is a gridiron football offensive tackle. He played college football for the Florida State Seminoles. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fifth round of the 2012 NFL Draft. He was considered one of the best offensive tackle prospects for the 2012 NFL Draft.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Zebrie Sanders was athletic' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.	Zebrie Sanders was athletic	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} System does not assume a professional athlete is necessarily athletic
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Ailes Gilmour (January 27, 1912 - April 16, 1993) was a Japanese American dancer who was one of the young pioneers of the American Modern Dance movement of the 1930s. She was one of the first members of Martha Graham's dance company. Ailes' older brother was sculptor Isamu Noguchi.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The American Modern Dance movement had its first pioneers in the 1940's.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.	The American Modern Dance movement had its first pioneers in the 1940's.	{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} She was a pioneer in the 1930's, prior to the 1940's.
<BOP> Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called "firmware". <EOP> <BOQ> What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC? <EOQ>	What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?	<BOL> software <EOL>
<BOP> Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status. <EOP> <BOQ> What type of governments are included in federalism? <EOQ>	What type of governments are included in federalism?	<BOL> general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments <EOL>
Considering the context: <BOP> 'If the Liberals had listened to Reform in 1993 the government could have been investing in a farm safety net to protect farmers who are getting hammered by European Union subsidies and unfair trade practices by the U.S. So far there has been no response from the agriculture minister to Reform's proposals.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The minister is working on a solution' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.	The minister is working on a solution	{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} This statement is neither correct nor incorrect, because we do not know what the minister is currently working on based on this context. The system may have thought the minister's lack of response indicates a lack of work, which is not necessarily the case
<BOP> The Appalachian Mountains (i/ˌæpəˈleɪʃᵻn/ or /ˌæpəˈlætʃᵻn/,[note 1] French: les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period and once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before they were eroded. The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to any road running east-west. <EOP> <BOQ> In what era did the mountains form? <EOQ>	In what era did the mountains form?	<BOL> Ordovician Period <EOL>
<BOP> At the foundation of the Order, the "Medal of the Order of the British Empire" was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the "British Empire Medal". It stopped being awarded by the United Kingdom as part of the 1993 reforms to the honours system, but was again awarded beginning in 2012, starting with 293 BEMs awarded for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. In addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. In 2004, a report entitled "A Matter of Honour: Reforming Our Honours System" by a Commons committee recommended to phase out the Order of the British Empire, as its title was "now considered to be unacceptable, being thought to embody values that are no longer shared by many of the country’s population". <EOP> <BOQ> When was it stopped being rewarded? <EOQ>	When was it stopped being rewarded?	<BOL> 1993 <EOL>
<BOP> Miami has six major causeways that span over Biscayne Bay connecting the western mainland, with the eastern barrier islands along the Atlantic Ocean. The Rickenbacker Causeway is the southernmost causeway and connects Brickell to Virginia Key and Key Biscayne. The Venetian Causeway and MacArthur Causeway connect Downtown with South Beach. The Julia Tuttle Causeway connects Midtown and Miami Beach. The 79th Street Causeway connects the Upper East Side with North Beach. The northernmost causeway, the Broad Causeway, is the smallest of Miami's six causeways, and connects North Miami with Bal Harbour. <EOP> <BOQ> Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell? <EOQ>	Along with Virginia Key, what does the Rickenbacker Causeway connect to Brickell?	<BOL> Key Biscayne <EOL>
<BOP> During the Early Modern period (approximately late 15th century to 1800), the universities of Europe would see a tremendous amount of growth, productivity and innovative research. At the end of the Middle Ages, about 400 years after the first university was founded, there were twenty-nine universities spread throughout Europe. In the 15th century, twenty-eight new ones were created, with another eighteen added between 1500 and 1625. This pace continued until by the end of the 18th century there were approximately 143 universities in Europe and Eastern Europe, with the highest concentrations in the German Empire (34), Italian countries (26), France (25), and Spain (23) – this was close to a 500% increase over the number of universities toward the end of the Middle Ages. This number does not include the numerous universities that disappeared, or institutions that merged with other universities during this time. It should be noted that the identification of a university was not necessarily obvious during the Early Modern period, as the term is applied to a burgeoning number of institutions. In fact, the term "university" was not always used to designate a higher education institution. In Mediterranean countries, the term studium generale was still often used, while "Academy" was common in Northern European countries. <EOP> <BOQ> How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century? <EOQ>	How many universities were within Europe by the completion of the 18th century?	<BOL> 143 <EOL>
<BOP> Guinea fowl originated in southern Africa, and the species most often kept as poultry is the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris). It is a medium-sized grey or speckled bird with a small naked head with colourful wattles and a knob on top, and was domesticated by the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Guinea fowl are hardy, sociable birds that subsist mainly on insects, but also consume grasses and seeds. They will keep a vegetable garden clear of pests and will eat the ticks that carry Lyme disease. They happily roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. Their flesh and eggs can be eaten in the same way as chickens, young birds being ready for the table at the age of about four months. <EOP> <BOQ> What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for humans? <EOQ>	What are Guinea fowl also praised for accomplishing for humans?	<BOL> roost in trees and give a loud vocal warning of the approach of predators. <EOL>
<BOP> St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. <EOP> <BOQ> Outer Ring Road is a another name for what? <EOQ>	Outer Ring Road is a another name for what?	<BOL> The divided highway <EOL>
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Hugh Ferriss (1889 – 1962) was an American delineator (one who creates drawings and sketches of buildings) and architect. After his death a colleague said he 'influenced my generation of architects' more than any other man. Ferriss also influenced popular culture, for example Gotham City (the setting for Batman) and Kerry Conran's "Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow".' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Hugh Ferriss first started his work as an architect in the very cold winter of 1889' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning.	Hugh Ferriss first started his work as an architect in the very cold winter of 1889	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} He could not start working as an architect in the same year that he was born
With the given context: <BOP> 'Samuel Murez, born October 22, 1982, is a Franco-American director, choreographer, film-maker, editor, composer, producer, and dancer. He has been a member of the Paris Opera Ballet since 2001. He has been the artistic director of 3e étage, an independent group of soloists and dancers of the Paris Opera Ballet, since its founding in 2004.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Samuel Murez celebrates his birthday on October 22.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.	Samuel Murez celebrates his birthday on October 22.	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} We know he was born, so thats the day he celebrates his birthday.
<BOP> Exposure to antibiotics early in life is associated with increased body mass in humans and mouse models. Early life is a critical period for the establishment of the intestinal microbiota and for metabolic development. Mice exposed to subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment (STAT)– with either penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin and vancomycin, or chlortetracycline had altered composition of the gut microbiota as well as its metabolic capabilities. Moreover, research have shown that mice given low-dose penicillin (1 μg/g body weight) around birth and throughout the weaning process had an increased body mass and fat mass, accelerated growth, and increased hepatic expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, compared to controlled mice. In addition, penicillin in combination with a high-fat diet increased fasting insulin levels in mice. However, it is unclear whether or not antibiotics cause obesity in humans. Studies have found a correlation between early exposure of antibiotics (<6 months) and increased body mass (at 10 and 20 months). Another study found that the type of antibiotic exposure was also significant with the highest risk of being overweight in those given macrolides compared to penicillin and cephalosporin. Therefore, there is correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and obesity in humans, but whether or not there is a causal relationship remains unclear. Although there is a correlation between antibiotic use in early life and obesity, the effect of antibiotics on obesity in humans needs to be weighed against the beneficial effects of clinically indicated treatment with antibiotics in infancy. <EOP> <BOQ> Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans? <EOQ>	Do antibiotics cause obesity in humans?	<BOL> unclear <EOL>
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Ezege Chiefs 2 Synopsis: This 2017 Latest Nigerian Nollywood Movie is an interesting african movie. Chiefs must go is set in a village, where there is competition in terms of who to marry. The parents see their children as investment and would want to marry off their daughters to the rich. A lot of lobbying, back-stabbing going on, watch the movie to find out the true story. Enjoy!' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'in 2018, it had already occurred that Ezege Chiefs 2 was released.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.	in 2018, it had already occurred that Ezege Chiefs 2 was released.	{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It came out in 2017, which means that by 2018 it had already been released. The statement is definitely correct.
Given the premise: <BOP> 'The Santos-Dumont No. 6 was an airship designed and built by the Brazilian pioneer aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont. In 1901 it was used by him to win the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize for a return from Parc Saint Cloud to the Eiffel Tower and back. It is considered by many to be the first truly successful airship.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The first successful airship flew to Paris.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.	The first successful airship flew to Paris.	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, but Paris was not mentioned in the context.
<BOP> Arizona, south of the Gila River was legally bought from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854. Tucson became a part of the United States of America, although the American military did not formally take over control until March 1856. In 1857 Tucson became a stage station on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and in 1858 became 3rd division headquarters of the Butterfield Overland Mail until the line shut down in March 1861. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, however following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches ended operations in August 1861.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> Arizona is south of which river? <EOQ>	Arizona is south of which river?	<BOL> Gila River <EOL>
Examine the information in <BOP> 'Mud<br>Rick liked playing in the mud. But everyone thought it was too dirty. That didn't stop him however. And he continued to do what made him happy. But a few weeks later, he was hospitalized for a disease.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'Rick was hospitalized for a disease because he played in the dirty mud.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.	Rick was hospitalized for a disease because he played in the dirty mud.	{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Rick, took a microbe from the mud and he became ill, because the mud was dirty.
<BOP> The severe weather in the Alps has been studied since the 18th century; particularly the weather patterns such as the seasonal foehn wind. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 20th century, providing continuous data for climatologists. Some of the valleys are quite arid such as the Aosta valley in Italy, the Maurienne in France, the Valais in Switzerland, and northern Tyrol. <EOP> <BOQ> Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied? <EOQ>	Since when has the severe weather in the Alps been studied?	<BOL> the 18th century <EOL>
<BOP> Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is often referred to as endurance testing. Volume testing is a way to test software functions even when certain components (for example a file or database) increase radically in size. Stress testing is a way to test reliability under unexpected or rare workloads. Stability testing (often referred to as load or endurance testing) checks to see if the software can continuously function well in or above an acceptable period. <EOP> <BOQ> What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads? <EOQ>	What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads?	<BOL> Stress testing <EOL>
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Mama the Frog<br>Big Mama the frog lived with me for a few months. We put her in a large aquarium in the living room. We filled it up with rocks and sticks, and a little water. We bought flies for her from the bait shop. One day my brother decided to dissect her instead of keeping her.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Big Mama the frog lived with me for a few months as to be living in a very small location' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.	Big Mama the frog lived with me for a few months as to be living in a very small location	{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} wrong
<BOP> From the 1970s onward, Stuart Hall's pioneering work, along with that of his colleagues Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie, created an international intellectual movement. As the field developed it began to combine political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies and art history to study cultural phenomena or cultural texts. In this field researchers often concentrate on how particular phenomena relate to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender.[citation needed] Cultural studies has a concern with the meaning and practices of everyday life. These practices comprise the ways people do particular things (such as watching television, or eating out) in a given culture. This field studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. Watching television in order to view a public perspective on a historical event should not be thought of as culture, unless referring to the medium of television itself, which may have been selected culturally; however, schoolchildren watching television after school with their friends in order to "fit in" certainly qualifies, since there is no grounded reason for one's participation in this practice. Recently, as capitalism has spread throughout the world (a process called globalization), cultural studies has begun[when?] to analyze local and global forms of resistance to Western hegemony.[citation needed] Globalization in this context can be defined as western civilization in other ways, it undermines the cultural integrity of other culture and it is therefore repressive, exploitative and harmful to most people in different places. <EOP> <BOQ> Who did Stuart Hall work along side with? <EOQ>	Who did Stuart Hall work along side with?	<BOL> Paul Willis, Dick Hebdige, Tony Jefferson, and Angela McRobbie <EOL>
With the premise: <BOP> '1/12 Top 12 cities for exploring on foot Wandering around is by far the best way to get your bearings in a new city, not to mention the cheapest. The Lonely Planet has come up with a list of the world's best cities for walking - as voted by its readers. 12. Sydney A trip to Sydney is not complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge. It's also an easy walk to the opera house at circular quay, then up through the Royal Botanic Gardnens and into the heart of the shopping and business district. Getty Images' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'A trip to Sydney is complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.	A trip to Sydney is complete without a stroll over the famous harbour bridge.	{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The original passage states the trip would "not be complete" not that it would be complete.