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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- en
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- it
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- fr
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- de
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- es
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base_model:
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- MrLight/dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1
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---
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# mcdse-2b-v1
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mcdse-2b-v1 is an experimental model designed for multilingual visual document retrieval.
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This model allows you to embed page/slide screenshots and query them using natural language. Whether it's tables, graphs, charts, schemas, images, or text, mcdse-2b-v1 encodes everything into a single embedding vector, eliminating the need for traditional OCR, document layout analysis, reading order detection, chunking, table/formula extraction...
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- **Understands 🇮🇹 Italian, 🇪🇸 Spanish, 🇬🇧 English, 🇫🇷 French and 🇩🇪 German**
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- **Matryoshka Representation Learning:** shrink embeddings from 1536 to 256 dimensions while maintaining 95% of the quality. A 6x reduction with negligible impact on performance!
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- **Top-tier Binarization**: 768-dimensional binary vectors retain 99% retrieval quality of the original 1536-dimensional float vectors. With binary vectors, you can encode **100 million multilingual pages in just 10GB**.
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- **Fast vLLM inference:** run inference on vLLM and efficiently serve embeddings at scale, production ready.
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For more information about this model or how it was trained, visit the [announcement blogpost](https://huggingface.co/blog/marco/announcing-mcdse-2b-v1).
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## Usage
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**Initialize model and processor**
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```python
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from transformers import AutoProcessor, Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration
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from PIL import Image
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import torch
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import math
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model = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
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'marco/mcdse-2b-v1',
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attn_implementation="flash_attention_2",
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torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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device_map="cuda:0"
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).eval()
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min_pixels = 1 * 28 * 28
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max_pixels = 960 * 28 * 28
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
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'marco/mcdse-2b-v1',
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min_pixels=min_pixels,
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max_pixels=max_pixels
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)
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model.padding_side = "left"
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processor.tokenizer.padding_side = "left"
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document_prompt = "<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n<|vision_start|><|image_pad|><|vision_end|>What is shown in this image?<|im_end|>\n<|endoftext|>"
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query_prompt = "<|im_start|>system\nYou are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>user\n<|vision_start|><|image_pad|><|vision_end|>Query: %s<|im_end|>\n<|endoftext|>"
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```
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**Encode queries**
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```python
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def encode_queries(queries: list[str], dimension: int):
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dummy_image = Image.new('RGB', (56, 56))
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inputs = processor(
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text=[query_prompt % x for x in queries],
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images=[dummy_image for _ in queries],
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videos=None,
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padding='longest',
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return_tensors='pt'
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).to('cuda:0')
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cache_position = torch.arange(0, len(queries))
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inputs = model.prepare_inputs_for_generation(
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**inputs, cache_position=cache_position, use_cache=False)
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with torch.no_grad():
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output = self.model(
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**inputs,
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return_dict=True,
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output_hidden_states=True
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)
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embeddings = output.hidden_states[-1][:, -1]
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return torch.nn.functional.normalize(embeddings[:, :dimension], p=2, dim=-1)
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```
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**Encode documents**
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```python
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def round_by_factor(number: float, factor: int) -> int:
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return round(number / factor) * factor
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def ceil_by_factor(number: float, factor: int) -> int:
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return math.ceil(number / factor) * factor
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def floor_by_factor(number: float, factor: int) -> int:
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return math.floor(number / factor) * factor
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def smart_resize(height: int, width: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
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h_bar = max(28, round_by_factor(height, 28))
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w_bar = max(28, round_by_factor(width, 28))
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if h_bar * w_bar > max_pixels:
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beta = math.sqrt((height * width) / max_pixels)
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h_bar = floor_by_factor(height / beta, 28)
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w_bar = floor_by_factor(width / beta, 28)
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elif h_bar * w_bar < min_pixels:
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beta = math.sqrt(min_pixels / (height * width))
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h_bar = ceil_by_factor(height * beta, 28)
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w_bar = ceil_by_factor(width * beta, 28)
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return h_bar, w_bar
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def resize(image: Image.Image):
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new_size = smart_resize(image.height, image.width)
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return image.resize(new_size)
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def encode_documents(documents: list[Image.Image], dimension: int):
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inputs = processor(
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text=[document_prompt] * len(documents),
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images=[resize(x) for x in documents],
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videos=None,
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padding='longest',
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return_tensors='pt'
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).to('cuda:0')
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cache_position = torch.arange(0, len(queries))
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inputs = model.prepare_inputs_for_generation(
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**inputs, cache_position=cache_position, use_cache=False)
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with torch.no_grad():
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output = self.model(
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**inputs,
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return_dict=True,
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output_hidden_states=True
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)
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embeddings = output.hidden_states[-1][:, -1]
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return torch.nn.functional.normalize(embeddings[:, :dimension], p=2, dim=-1)
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```
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### vLLM
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This model supports vLLM, visit the [announcement blogpost](https://huggingface.co/blog/marco/announcing-mcdse-2b-v1#deployment) to know more.
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## Results
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Given the scarcity of publicly available datasets for multilingual document image retrieval, the model has been evaluated using a custom-built dataset. This eval dataset was specifically designed to benchmark the model's performance across various languages.
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### NDCG@5 (float)
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| | Average | English | Italian | Spanish | French | German |
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|---------------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|------------|
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| **1536 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 79.5 | 79.2 | 80.2 | 77.9 | 80.6 | 79.6 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **82.2** | **80.8** | **81.2** | **80.7** | **84.5** | **83.8** |
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| | **+3.28%** | **+1.98%** | **+1.23%** | **+3.47%** | **+4.62%** | **+5.01%** |
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| **1024 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 78.3 | 78.8 | 78.5 | 76.5 | 80 | 77.5 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **81.7** | **80** | **80.2** | **80.1** | **84** | **84.3** |
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| | **+4.23%** | **+1.75%** | **+2.12%** | **+4.49%** | **+4.76%** | **+8.07%** |
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| **768 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 77.8 | 78.4 | 78.3 | 75.6 | 80.8 | 75.9 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **81.1** | **79.6** | **79.9** | **79.2** | **83.3** | **83.3** |
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| | **+4.02%** | **+1.51%** | **+2.00%** | **+4.55%** | **+3.00%** | **+8.88%** |
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| **512 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 76.2 | 77.6 | 75.9 | 73.1 | 79.2 | 75.2 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **79.3** | **78.5** | **79.1** | **75.8** | **81.4** | **81.7** |
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| | **+3.91%** | **+1.15%** | **+4.05%** | **+3.56%** | **+2.70%** | **+7.96%** |
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| **384 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 75.7 | 76.2 | 75.5 | 74.6 | 78.4 | 74 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **78.8** | **77.5** | **78.5** | **76.1** | **80.4** | **81.4** |
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| | **+3.86%** | **+1.68%** | **+3.82%** | **+1.97%** | **+2.49%** | **+9.09%** |
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| **256 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 73.5 | 74.5 | 73.6 | 70.6 | 74.8 | 73.8 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **78.1** | **78.5** | **77.6** | **76.2** | **80.1** | **77.9** |
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| | **+5.89%** | **+5.10%** | **+5.15%** | **+7.35%** | **+6.62%** | **+5.26%** |
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### NDCG@5 (binary)
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| | Average | English | Italian | Spanish | French | German |
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|---------------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
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| **1536 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 75.0 | 75.8 | 75.4 | 72.4 | 78.1 | 73.2 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **80.6** | **79.5** | **76.9** | **81.9** | **83.7** | **80.8** |
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| | **+6.93%** | **+4.65%** | **+1.95%** | **+11.60%** | **+6.69%** | **+9.41%** |
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| **1024 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 72.2 | 74.8 | 71 | 70.8 | 74.6 | 69.6 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **79.3** | **78.4** | **75.4** | **80.8** | **82.6** | **79.5** |
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| | **+9.05%** | **+4.59%** | **+5.84%** | **+12.38%** | **+9.69%** | **+12.45%** |
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| **768 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 70.1 | 71.7 | 69.3 | 69.8 | 73.7 | 65.9 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **78.8** | **77.1** | **75.4** | **80** | **83** | **78.5** |
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| | **+11.07%** | **+7.00%** | **+8.09%** | **+12.75%** | **+11.20%** | **+16.05%** |
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| **512 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 66.5 | 70 | 65.4 | 63.7 | 70.2 | 63 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **76.6** | **74.8** | **74.2** | **77.7** | **80.9** | **75.3** |
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| | **+13.21%** | **+6.42%** | **+11.86%** | **+18.02%** | **+13.23%** | **+16.33%** |
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| **384 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 61.1 | 62.7 | 58.5 | 58.6 | 65.1 | 60.8 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **74.3** | **74.5** | **71.4** | **77.2** | **75.2** | **73** |
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| | **+17.67%** | **+15.84%** | **+18.07%** | **+24.09%** | **+13.43%** | **+16.71%** |
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| **256 dimensions** | | | | | | |
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| dse-qwen2-2b-mrl-v1 | 54.3 | 59 | 56.5 | 53.6 | 53 | 49.6 |
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| mcdse-2b-v1 | **70.9** | **72.6** | **66.4** | **73.5** | **72.6** | **69.2** |
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| | **+23.31%** | **+18.73%** | **+14.91%** | **+27.07%** | **+27.00%** | **+28.32%** |
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