query_id
stringlengths 1
4
| query
stringlengths 11
129
| positive_passages
list | negative_passages
list | emb
list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1918
|
What language is spoken by Bengali Hindus?
|
[
{
"docid": "28003496#0",
"text": "Bengali Hindus () are an ethnic, linguistic, and religious population who make up the majority in the Indian state of West Bengal and Tripura. In Bangladesh they form the largest minority. They are Bengalis adherents of Hinduism, and are native to the Bengal region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent. Bengali Hindus speak Bengali, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family and adhere to the Shakta and Vaishnava traditions of their native religion, Hinduism. There are significant numbers of Bengali-speaking Hindus in different Indian states.",
"title": "Bengali Hindus"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "28003496#1",
"text": "Around the 8th century, the Bengali language branched off from Magadhi Prakrit, a derivative of Sanskrit that was prevalent in the eastern region of the Indian Subcontinent at that time. During the Sena period (11th – 12th century) the Bengali culture developed into a distinct culture within the Hindu civilisation. Bengali Hindus were at the forefront of the Bengal Renaissance in the 19th century. The Bengal region was noted for its participation in struggle for the independence from the British rule. At the time of independence of India in 1947, the province of Bengal was partitioned between India and East Pakistan, part of the Muslim-majority state of Pakistan. Millions of Bengali Hindus migrated from East Bengal (later Bangladesh) and settled in West Bengal and other states of India. The migration continued in waves through the fifties and sixties, especially during the 1950 East Pakistan genocide and the 1964 East-Pakistan riots. In 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, an estimated 2.4 million Bengali Hindus were massacred by the Pakistani army. Estimates for the total number of people killed by Pakistan Army range from 300,000 to 3,000,000.\nThe Hindus are a religious group, native to the Indian subcontinent, speaking a broad range of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages and adhering to the native belief systems, rooted in the Vedas. The word Hindu is popularly believed to be a Persian exonym for the people native to the Indian subcontinent. The word is derived from Sindhu, the Sanskrit name for the river Indus and it initially referred to the people residing to the east of the river. The Hindus are constituted into various ethno-linguistic subgroups, which in spite of being culturally diverse, share a common bond of unity.",
"title": "Bengali Hindus"
}
] |
[
0.38962623476982117,
0.5018643736839294,
-0.6827059388160706,
0.10179276764392853,
0.22038130462169647,
-0.044104836881160736,
0.35549095273017883,
-0.3647350072860718,
0.2059326171875,
0.5119184851646423,
-0.07259854674339294,
-0.4753861725330353,
0.03605235740542412,
0.30983665585517883,
-0.5165349841117859,
0.06768660247325897,
0.37167081236839294,
-0.011030370369553566,
-0.02667236328125,
0.10154793411493301,
-0.15186657011508942,
0.29172584414482117,
0.3446488678455353,
0.1903631091117859,
-0.03737683594226837,
0.26803311705589294,
0.021160472184419632,
0.025810588151216507,
-0.046794284135103226,
0.34274014830589294,
0.33407315611839294,
-0.4345259368419647,
-0.4398970305919647,
0.6306485533714294,
0.026328347623348236,
0.1960393786430359,
0.1662275195121765,
0.039337158203125,
0.07504827529191971,
0.24805936217308044,
0.09797807037830353,
0.09452264755964279,
0.30758389830589294,
-0.18708939850330353,
0.24864058196544647,
-0.5427911877632141,
0.01624506153166294,
-0.13250455260276794,
-0.11325628310441971,
0.049130525439977646,
-0.42367276549339294,
0.2772771716117859,
-0.216796875,
-0.08958018571138382,
-0.5876908898353577,
-0.060815464705228806,
-0.3505082428455353,
0.9118874073028564,
0.32724830508232117,
0.11615588515996933,
0.14973588287830353,
0.17158646881580353,
-0.24217639863491058,
0.24496182799339294,
0.2678333520889282,
0.24202103912830353,
0.06353343278169632,
0.36081764101982117,
0.13139204680919647,
0.04027453437447548,
-0.13187478482723236,
0.4226740002632141,
0.5251686573028564,
0.2831365466117859,
-0.17096780240535736,
0.0853222906589508,
-0.12466985732316971,
0.48655006289482117,
0.12008528411388397,
-0.052279386669397354,
0.1902105212211609,
-0.15372537076473236,
-0.10601806640625,
0.21430553495883942,
-0.1680963635444641,
0.6494140625,
0.3044877350330353,
0.2989696264266968,
0.05393080413341522,
0.4969371557235718,
0.15175558626651764,
-0.028729526326060295,
0.00502915820106864,
-0.11197800934314728,
-0.0047427089884877205,
0.3896928131580353,
0.17827259004116058,
-0.15371981263160706,
-0.11730194091796875,
-0.19944901764392853,
0.0061237323097884655,
-0.27793189883232117,
0.011582807637751102,
-0.013444379903376102,
0.2703080475330353,
-0.3813587427139282,
-0.14535938203334808,
0.2761036157608032,
0.22902609407901764,
0.3185591399669647,
0.2672313451766968,
-0.09834393858909607,
-0.024420130997896194,
-0.06558001786470413,
0.12011441588401794,
0.11066783219575882,
0.2028140127658844,
0.08747447282075882,
-0.28381070494651794,
-1.0528231859207153,
0.5125843286514282,
0.2504771947860718,
-0.23851706087589264,
0.25669166445732117,
0.04032672569155693,
-0.08991172164678574,
0.3565008044242859,
-0.0032678083516657352,
0.4057728052139282,
0.3152632415294647,
0.41293057799339294,
0.07828326523303986,
0.3903253674507141,
0.4334161877632141,
0.6595125794410706,
-0.009767011739313602,
0.339599609375,
-0.2526189684867859,
-0.3665660619735718,
-0.2485601305961609,
-0.03727167472243309,
0.09439795464277267,
0.7246315479278564,
0.8755770325660706,
-0.5694246888160706,
0.6272638440132141,
-0.09350863099098206,
0.5282981395721436,
0.22441516816616058,
0.23274369537830353,
0.2326037734746933,
0.19823108613491058,
-0.05072541534900665,
0.42635831236839294,
-0.35988548398017883,
0.3237859606742859,
0.3379572033882141,
-0.10199408233165741,
-0.44699928164482117,
0.3003373444080353,
0.79248046875,
0.3835892975330353,
0.3025457262992859,
0.09954833984375,
0.21009965240955353,
0.0031481655314564705,
-0.044167257845401764,
-0.0826214849948883,
0.451171875,
0.01096066553145647,
-0.3091930150985718,
0.16248391568660736,
-0.1030120849609375,
-0.1265307366847992,
0.23653341829776764,
0.06262345612049103,
0.15618792176246643,
0.10163740813732147,
-0.0015255321050062776,
0.16144631803035736,
0.08330466598272324,
0.24192117154598236,
-0.11585894227027893,
0.3305774927139282,
0.3059636950492859,
0.14714466035366058,
0.16237570345401764,
0.15015897154808044,
0.26888760924339294,
0.2395532727241516,
0.10935557633638382,
-0.06407685577869415,
0.7096502184867859,
-0.18523892760276794,
0.09879372268915176,
0.15971721708774567,
-0.20925070345401764,
0.09183294326066971,
0.09472448378801346,
0.4932306408882141,
-0.46435511112213135,
0.028714267536997795,
-0.19423051178455353,
0.13307051360607147,
0.10495827347040176,
-0.5141046643257141,
0.04087274894118309,
0.34134188294410706,
-0.235107421875,
0.10506231337785721,
0.10953452438116074,
0.09702647477388382,
0.3258056640625,
0.4668634533882141,
-0.3528941869735718,
0.039074983447790146,
0.03326624259352684,
0.00048793444875627756,
0.5781915783882141,
0.07930963486433029,
-0.011430219747126102,
0.583740234375,
0.04551835358142853,
-0.0051623256877064705,
0.45816317200660706,
0.3368030786514282,
-0.6882102489471436,
0.18229883909225464,
0.0367242656648159,
0.4931196868419647,
0.09101729094982147,
-0.08282817155122757,
-0.12901721894741058,
-0.217529296875,
0.2808172106742859,
0.11449120193719864,
-0.12056662887334824,
0.2585560083389282,
0.09168035537004471,
-0.024405045434832573,
0.6041370630264282,
0.04916757717728615,
-0.12098277360200882,
-0.3525834381580353,
0.4072265625,
-0.30508700013160706,
0.2704634368419647,
0.009895497933030128,
0.07791506499052048,
0.03162921592593193,
0.20973898470401764,
-0.16964998841285706,
-0.18555797636508942,
0.30043724179267883,
-0.1654052734375,
0.040961526334285736,
-0.23503528535366058,
-0.3253062963485718,
0.1742498278617859,
-0.11940314620733261,
0.015529632568359375,
0.31430330872535706,
0.3439497649669647,
0.013243242166936398,
-0.2772771716117859,
-0.2396184802055359,
0.2864546477794647,
0.5040838122367859,
0.12475620955228806,
0.1252080798149109,
0.5039728283882141,
-0.067413330078125,
-0.017315257340669632,
0.6295610070228577,
-0.15366710722446442,
-0.026381058618426323,
0.12535510957241058,
0.20062533020973206,
-0.17702414095401764,
0.19871868193149567,
0.4556773900985718,
0.12213689833879471,
0.2042180895805359,
-0.17072677612304688,
0.13570056855678558,
0.40399447083473206,
0.03268571197986603,
-0.20863480865955353,
-0.5696244835853577,
0.05900920554995537,
0.1707763671875,
0.25600364804267883,
0.1370794177055359,
-0.022037332877516747,
0.1489812731742859,
0.04826909676194191,
0.05332287773489952,
0.12272227555513382,
0.510498046875,
0.2700944244861603,
0.6661931872367859,
0.009034589864313602,
0.5498046875,
0.5628551244735718,
0.2188665270805359,
-0.17511679232120514,
-0.3791947662830353,
0.23808149993419647,
0.20779696106910706,
0.3536487817764282,
0.09709583967924118,
-0.2595043182373047,
0.08814620971679688,
0.19625577330589294,
0.2004949450492859,
0.7652254700660706,
-0.04417627677321434,
0.2032470703125,
0.34191063046455383,
0.3789506256580353,
0.22823263704776764,
-0.21104846894741058,
-0.2516534924507141,
0.12670621275901794,
0.5727095007896423,
-0.04449497535824776,
0.0033291904255747795,
-0.32887962460517883,
0.6562944054603577,
-0.25772371888160706,
0.44674405455589294,
0.15810047090053558,
-0.13888897001743317,
-0.0392913818359375,
0.20359109342098236,
0.4552112817764282,
0.08601240813732147,
0.5007545948028564,
-0.16198314726352692,
-0.08204512298107147,
0.13652199506759644,
0.17885242402553558,
-0.03879338875412941,
0.25784578919410706,
-0.5596368908882141,
0.3617498278617859,
-0.1472625732421875,
-0.11638294905424118,
0.7923473119735718,
0.10829717665910721,
0.09431041032075882,
-0.2937122583389282,
-0.19929642975330353,
0.03456531837582588,
-0.22688709199428558,
0.24383544921875,
0.3598799407482147,
0.6668146252632141,
0.0740850642323494,
-0.3720259368419647,
0.36642178893089294,
0.11586692184209824,
0.13996367156505585,
0.020574217662215233,
0.19200827181339264,
0.17684659361839294,
-0.037373628467321396,
-0.3956409692764282,
-0.005590265616774559,
0.23255504667758942,
0.32981178164482117,
-0.12490983307361603,
0.0024272745940834284,
-0.036343660205602646,
-0.22489790618419647,
-0.057107750326395035,
-0.19184736907482147,
-0.030391346663236618,
0.6046031713485718,
0.08443953841924667,
0.13690896332263947,
0.4805131256580353,
0.036519311368465424,
-0.03257647529244423,
-0.11418221145868301,
-0.30960360169410706,
0.26705101132392883,
0.10748152434825897,
-0.18681474030017853,
-0.08097076416015625,
0.26895418763160706,
-0.21815906465053558,
-0.019200466573238373,
-0.1254480481147766,
-0.5677601099014282,
0.12346302717924118,
0.13368918001651764,
0.25113746523857117,
-0.009337685070931911,
0.17843905091285706,
-0.21006081998348236,
0.4055619537830353,
0.4028764069080353,
0.1535852551460266,
4.03515625,
0.3491876721382141,
0.27728548645973206,
-0.022156454622745514,
0.21590353548526764,
0.137556254863739,
0.9757634997367859,
0.06515035033226013,
0.12879528105258942,
0.012946388684213161,
-0.3147416412830353,
-0.01101777795702219,
-0.09109913557767868,
0.10699567198753357,
-0.06183112785220146,
0.6711647510528564,
0.54833984375,
0.21094860136508942,
-0.054278288036584854,
0.24649325013160706,
-0.2860218286514282,
0.06318387389183044,
0.1269586682319641,
0.13967062532901764,
0.4383434057235718,
0.47829368710517883,
0.11029884964227676,
0.14827173948287964,
0.4553111791610718,
0.30667945742607117,
0.3086742162704468,
0.11921275407075882,
0.25890904664993286,
0.2773326635360718,
-0.8564009070396423,
0.5273215770721436,
0.3405317962169647,
0.36673805117607117,
-0.29817894101142883,
0.008124611340463161,
-0.3664661645889282,
-0.04512232169508934,
-0.024941183626651764,
0.5083229541778564,
-0.09836092591285706,
-0.0788494423031807,
0.14857760071754456,
0.33858975768089294,
-0.010214372538030148,
0.5879127979278564,
0.22365500032901764,
-0.0658593624830246,
-0.4537908434867859,
-0.3297119140625,
0.011849143542349339,
0.37339088320732117,
-0.042986784130334854,
-0.15920187532901764,
0.31689453125,
-0.16382044553756714,
-0.28631591796875,
-0.11010465025901794,
-0.064453125,
-0.016294825822114944,
-0.3501420319080353,
-0.13929609954357147,
0.0022402675822377205,
0.2591608166694641,
0.4259144067764282,
-0.20252574980258942,
-0.11007673293352127,
0.16440096497535706,
0.2594437897205353,
-0.4410511255264282,
0.25143709778785706,
0.2379094958305359,
-0.4211536645889282,
0.49704810976982117,
0.4722456634044647,
-0.14949174225330353,
0.4522205591201782,
0.03999217972159386,
0.07359730452299118,
0.13597522675991058,
-0.07244110107421875,
0.5511807799339294,
-0.2584977447986603,
-0.22844071686267853,
0.43117454648017883,
-0.022481398656964302,
0.22286710143089294,
-0.3804820775985718,
0.030957309529185295,
0.5039839148521423,
0.7471147179603577,
-0.3056640625,
-0.050611671060323715,
-4.012073993682861,
0.19737659394741058,
-0.12822064757347107,
-0.1292474865913391,
0.22219155728816986,
-0.16053356230258942,
0.6842151880264282,
0.194580078125,
0.3140092194080353,
-0.38266822695732117,
-0.46365633606910706,
0.19827547669410706,
0.07154152542352676,
0.20347872376441956,
0.13507357239723206,
0.054830726236104965,
-0.11114085465669632,
0.014288295060396194,
0.11338944733142853,
0.11003251373767853,
-0.12423498183488846,
0.24689830839633942,
0.1864013671875,
-0.2882274389266968,
0.11358365416526794,
-0.23841442167758942,
0.4401189684867859,
-0.2539173364639282,
0.3946644067764282,
-0.08041658997535706,
0.5118963122367859,
0.03603709861636162,
0.5241033434867859,
-0.18452037870883942,
0.0308990478515625,
0.7911487817764282,
0.25370892882347107,
0.043728914111852646,
0.23748779296875,
0.7370383739471436,
-0.09532304108142853,
0.1748095452785492,
0.22179065644741058,
0.20196533203125,
0.37548828125,
0.3702281713485718,
-0.2532293200492859,
0.23029674589633942,
-0.12779097259044647,
0.10084360092878342,
0.5201749205589294,
0.18559126555919647,
-0.3990589380264282,
0.2795965075492859,
0.10487573593854904,
0.18889547884464264,
-0.5050603747367859,
0.025826193392276764,
0.35268333554267883,
-0.17332249879837036,
0.2975061535835266,
-0.6318803429603577,
0.18860973417758942,
0.08978271484375,
0.3188421130180359,
0.37973853945732117,
0.08607621490955353,
0.3750443756580353,
0.11895544081926346,
-0.08481112122535706,
0.029926039278507233,
-0.11907958984375,
0.2374933362007141,
0.94384765625,
0.22115255892276764,
0.04752488434314728,
0.023200295865535736,
-0.3366255462169647,
0.316162109375,
0.0335693359375,
-0.14350475370883942,
-0.037891387939453125,
-0.4061834216117859,
-0.04386347159743309,
2.1541192531585693,
0.3769087493419647,
2.1130149364471436,
0.19947953522205353,
-0.03908330574631691,
0.06814887374639511,
0.1341254562139511,
0.2848566174507141,
0.1724298596382141,
0.19354525208473206,
-0.20056013762950897,
0.04338975250720978,
-0.1904296875,
0.19176135957241058,
-0.10959000885486603,
0.08200662583112717,
0.24148836731910706,
-0.6168546080589294,
0.00499101122841239,
-0.4248823821544647,
0.00551466504111886,
-0.07414592057466507,
-0.2399347424507141,
0.14242276549339294,
0.3810591399669647,
0.037137117236852646,
0.047384437173604965,
0.13180819153785706,
0.10546319931745529,
-0.2398681640625,
-0.15056262910366058,
-0.19459117949008942,
0.20121626555919647,
-0.1111602783203125,
-0.46630859375,
-0.06630290299654007,
-0.058863554149866104,
4.757457256317139,
-0.16897998750209808,
0.15126176178455353,
0.06685014069080353,
0.19562600553035736,
0.061745382845401764,
0.17449951171875,
-0.178863525390625,
0.09420499205589294,
0.12320362776517868,
0.2533513903617859,
-0.11020105332136154,
0.049239419400691986,
-0.2997269928455353,
0.26773348450660706,
0.3499200940132141,
0.04901123046875,
0.16729736328125,
-0.2717950940132141,
-0.08670061081647873,
-0.22670675814151764,
0.04208790138363838,
0.3148859143257141,
-0.3521173596382141,
0.18253950774669647,
-0.01772620528936386,
0.6781782507896423,
0.7414772510528564,
-0.07947609573602676,
0.33792391419410706,
0.16012850403785706,
5.483309745788574,
-0.00595231493934989,
0.3721812963485718,
-0.26478299498558044,
0.036260779947042465,
0.21370072662830353,
-0.3726695775985718,
-0.05597339943051338,
-0.5216175317764282,
-0.0704498291015625,
-0.24223466217517853,
0.6604225635528564,
-0.23834228515625,
0.04985462501645088,
-0.17674671113491058,
0.07573474198579788,
-0.21018843352794647,
-0.1683349609375,
0.62060546875,
-0.14782437682151794,
0.16117997467517853,
-0.08283580094575882,
0.23681640625,
-0.5720436573028564,
-0.11459402740001678,
-0.307373046875,
-0.2320556640625,
0.6709428429603577,
0.12149602919816971,
-0.3090154528617859,
0.26157447695732117,
0.410400390625,
-0.2609974145889282,
0.14696502685546875,
-0.4221746325492859,
0.2174530029296875,
0.16436906158924103,
0.4134410619735718,
0.1490478515625,
-0.024681784212589264,
0.16970548033714294,
0.4390092194080353,
-0.04421025887131691,
-0.30581942200660706,
-0.25961580872535706,
0.07128923386335373,
-0.10616233199834824,
0.08602211624383926,
0.22640714049339294,
0.06857576966285706,
-0.22086958587169647,
-0.18136319518089294,
0.7837801575660706,
-0.1681879162788391,
-0.13872180879116058,
0.20054487884044647,
-0.16717633605003357,
-0.008591392077505589,
0.3001154065132141,
-0.3371027112007141,
0.4856622815132141,
-0.139434814453125,
0.1982477307319641,
0.3665771484375,
0.29122647643089294,
0.05528120696544647,
-0.13826404511928558,
-0.02273993007838726,
0.43971946835517883,
-0.020793568342924118,
-0.11030058562755585,
0.4310052990913391,
0.12331182509660721,
0.4581409692764282,
0.03389323875308037,
-0.4210704565048218,
0.2743585705757141,
0.09924385696649551,
0.29390648007392883,
0.2636815905570984,
-0.05480753257870674,
-0.3121781647205353,
-0.5033292174339294,
0.16092196106910706,
-0.0005156777333468199,
-0.14306502044200897,
0.08739540725946426,
-0.1749822497367859,
0.30087003111839294,
0.11787137389183044,
0.5020197033882141,
-0.3261829614639282,
-0.30153587460517883,
-0.057167746126651764,
-0.1453801989555359,
0.15983997285366058,
-0.12223677337169647,
0.036404695361852646,
0.07271402329206467,
0.26609107851982117,
-0.6199840307235718,
0.3119673430919647,
0.3339066803455353,
0.0319342166185379,
0.4488414525985718,
-0.23353160917758942,
0.08764093369245529,
-0.022655140608549118,
0.07958845794200897,
-0.2737593352794647,
0.5001109838485718,
0.00468306103721261,
-0.15669527649879456,
-0.15287365019321442,
0.08168168365955353
] |
1922
|
What is the capital of the Falkland Islands?
|
[
{
"docid": "7550182#0",
"text": "The Falkland Islands (; , ) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, and about from the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of , comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The Falkland Islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland.",
"title": "Falkland Islands"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "7550182#22",
"text": "The Falkland Islands have a land area of and a coastline estimated at . The archipelago consists of two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and about 776 smaller islands. The islands are predominantly mountainous and hilly, with the major exception being the depressed plains of Lafonia (a peninsula forming the southern part of East Falkland). The Falklands consists of continental crust fragments resulting from the break-up of Gondwana and the opening of the South Atlantic that began 130 million years ago. The islands are located in the South Atlantic Ocean, on the Patagonian Shelf, about east of Patagonia in southern Argentina.",
"title": "Falkland Islands"
}
] |
[
0.7087180614471436,
0.09087025374174118,
-0.2527299225330353,
0.10653963685035706,
-0.09779774397611618,
0.0065405587665736675,
0.62353515625,
-0.3497203588485718,
0.44540128111839294,
0.04526728019118309,
-0.36257657408714294,
-0.3311656713485718,
-0.3186700940132141,
-0.5630548596382141,
-0.21162553131580353,
-0.3354381322860718,
0.4354802966117859,
0.09194669127464294,
0.028397994115948677,
0.0510406494140625,
-0.23045764863491058,
0.59375,
0.022367997094988823,
-0.051630888134241104,
-0.2746027112007141,
0.00267791748046875,
-0.231201171875,
0.25473853945732117,
0.05216320976614952,
0.22591885924339294,
0.3921564221382141,
0.2063543200492859,
0.37721946835517883,
0.31626197695732117,
-0.33730247616767883,
0.12351018935441971,
0.138153076171875,
-0.004337310791015625,
-0.08623921126127243,
0.3739790618419647,
0.1240234375,
0.10286088287830353,
0.4571533203125,
0.05367938056588173,
0.35501375794410706,
0.07377000153064728,
0.11413019150495529,
0.005067998543381691,
-0.2867265045642853,
-0.2287542223930359,
0.12223677337169647,
-0.21046586334705353,
0.031280819326639175,
-0.1647588610649109,
-0.21210826933383942,
0.7488458752632141,
-0.16907986998558044,
0.6331232190132141,
0.125091552734375,
0.19338712096214294,
0.20817427337169647,
-0.03989271819591522,
-0.2470703125,
-0.17943225800991058,
-0.12687474489212036,
0.2394353747367859,
0.019256591796875,
0.2696422338485718,
0.29892244935035706,
0.12809060513973236,
-0.1214703619480133,
0.29983797669410706,
0.5104092955589294,
0.117706298828125,
-0.10905387252569199,
-0.3428178131580353,
0.34872159361839294,
0.35628995299339294,
0.4112659692764282,
-0.06552401185035706,
0.23325417935848236,
-0.5997203588485718,
-0.2542003393173218,
0.2163751721382141,
0.25296851992607117,
0.23006924986839294,
-0.11222145706415176,
0.23752664029598236,
-0.09912109375,
0.7494673132896423,
-0.09041387587785721,
0.25326260924339294,
0.08356475830078125,
-0.07671841979026794,
0.13963179290294647,
-0.07423262298107147,
-0.04744928702712059,
-0.048527803272008896,
0.004606073722243309,
-0.11615545302629471,
-0.01163482666015625,
-0.16848061978816986,
-0.10462258011102676,
0.4921098053455353,
0.24587665498256683,
-0.37215909361839294,
-0.6364967823028564,
-0.15529285371303558,
0.11218538880348206,
0.2889404296875,
0.21993741393089294,
-0.07948026061058044,
-0.1544189453125,
-0.2533624768257141,
0.05437885597348213,
0.04508868232369423,
0.2570105493068695,
-0.6363414525985718,
-0.28457364439964294,
-1.084028720855713,
0.31748268008232117,
0.45450106263160706,
-0.3516290783882141,
0.1780719757080078,
-0.00585313281044364,
-0.22590775787830353,
0.4410289525985718,
0.4157159924507141,
0.640869140625,
0.08254727721214294,
0.28707608580589294,
0.5443670153617859,
0.13780055940151215,
0.6550958752632141,
0.5499711632728577,
0.17622652649879456,
0.42422762513160706,
-0.3233642578125,
-0.01510680839419365,
-0.29598721861839294,
0.2157648205757141,
-0.35152921080589294,
-0.10616233199834824,
0.7350408434867859,
0.2617242932319641,
0.21511563658714294,
0.3629261255264282,
0.2512921392917633,
0.13059182465076447,
-0.2193658947944641,
-0.09358631819486618,
0.05958973243832588,
-0.46744051575660706,
0.4033868908882141,
-0.06822898238897324,
0.32486793398857117,
0.30569735169410706,
0.04236602783203125,
-0.1056860163807869,
0.3771251440048218,
0.7698419690132141,
0.36312589049339294,
0.1413622796535492,
-0.5713778138160706,
0.23738791048526764,
0.21340665221214294,
0.4405517578125,
0.4945179224014282,
0.4515269994735718,
0.3413529694080353,
-0.29111549258232117,
0.2295587658882141,
0.1482793688774109,
0.01385498046875,
-0.12165173888206482,
0.4447132349014282,
-0.48659446835517883,
-0.1137109249830246,
0.21650280058383942,
-0.07689597457647324,
0.06862016022205353,
0.5920188426971436,
0.5114468932151794,
-0.04092303290963173,
0.6075106263160706,
0.08400934189558029,
-0.2761119604110718,
0.11128651350736618,
-0.1191205084323883,
-0.21638627350330353,
0.14761075377464294,
-0.1342523694038391,
0.3887884020805359,
-0.20144930481910706,
0.3045765161514282,
0.3355823755264282,
-0.014565554447472095,
0.13924337923526764,
-0.00746779004111886,
0.1713811755180359,
-0.06391594558954239,
0.20354877412319183,
-0.042269445955753326,
0.03724531829357147,
0.24600496888160706,
-0.4322717785835266,
-0.145904541015625,
0.22346635162830353,
-0.3744451403617859,
0.112091064453125,
0.10385088622570038,
-0.03538721427321434,
0.5259010791778564,
0.5330255627632141,
0.13649888336658478,
0.28714266419410706,
-0.19980691373348236,
-0.4383905529975891,
0.5684703588485718,
-0.3057195544242859,
-0.22233442962169647,
0.3224986791610718,
-0.06558782607316971,
-0.3760875463485718,
0.15284313261508942,
0.028738368302583694,
-0.19823108613491058,
-0.4310857653617859,
0.16637073457241058,
0.2643932104110718,
-0.1610870361328125,
-0.09256952255964279,
0.17259077727794647,
0.41366299986839294,
0.2888072729110718,
0.24730335175991058,
-0.1053595095872879,
-0.2834583520889282,
-0.3790838122367859,
-0.011563734151422977,
0.2761674225330353,
-0.4434259533882141,
-0.32149991393089294,
0.05344529449939728,
0.4831099212169647,
0.08885643631219864,
0.12909768521785736,
0.05008350685238838,
0.08235584944486618,
-0.06233562156558037,
-0.17140336334705353,
0.2341364026069641,
0.020640980452299118,
0.3734130859375,
-0.3169722259044647,
0.314208984375,
0.0979943722486496,
0.01606195606291294,
-0.3022651672363281,
0.33224210143089294,
0.5300737023353577,
0.20918412506580353,
0.11372306197881699,
0.13288186490535736,
-0.3675980865955353,
0.034890953451395035,
-0.3083606958389282,
0.4661976099014282,
-0.18607400357723236,
0.19034646451473236,
0.23618386685848236,
-0.25411710143089294,
0.1626129150390625,
0.05529230460524559,
-0.5385963916778564,
-0.18219687044620514,
0.44034090638160706,
0.3602294921875,
-0.5148259997367859,
0.069915771484375,
0.6507901549339294,
0.03973527252674103,
-0.13241854310035706,
0.4232066869735718,
0.43765535950660706,
0.027739785611629486,
0.2574213147163391,
-0.24366344511508942,
-0.17019930481910706,
0.2259521484375,
0.18985262513160706,
0.4190784692764282,
0.25514915585517883,
-0.44180575013160706,
-0.1281866580247879,
0.054199911653995514,
-0.026809345930814743,
0.10515230149030685,
-0.05388225242495537,
-0.34537020325660706,
0.47263404726982117,
-0.6456409692764282,
0.3986927270889282,
0.6593794226646423,
-0.08686065673828125,
-0.16298605501651764,
0.09779496490955353,
-0.24038973450660706,
0.07458912581205368,
0.02728271484375,
0.40804776549339294,
-0.2593883275985718,
0.17144775390625,
0.4724786877632141,
0.20136608183383942,
0.2693925201892853,
0.2863658666610718,
-0.3300115466117859,
-0.04429210349917412,
0.37253639101982117,
-0.11870921403169632,
-0.2643377184867859,
-0.3054976165294647,
-0.2738702893257141,
0.2808060944080353,
-0.23315706849098206,
0.11041329056024551,
-0.13009227812290192,
0.5810102820396423,
0.22617410123348236,
0.5519575476646423,
0.024416835978627205,
-0.031107814982533455,
-0.19350086152553558,
0.063696950674057,
0.22278942167758942,
0.14155717194080353,
0.38216885924339294,
0.13464078307151794,
-0.4814009368419647,
-0.17667041718959808,
-0.024152040481567383,
0.09143343567848206,
0.39413174986839294,
-0.035173241049051285,
0.004683754872530699,
0.3168168365955353,
0.183624267578125,
0.3041326403617859,
0.38037109375,
-0.12928910553455353,
0.3787176012992859,
-0.16712258756160736,
-0.1582482010126114,
-0.1645147204399109,
0.17622514069080353,
0.21297384798526764,
0.036532316356897354,
0.2211359143257141,
-0.3109019994735718,
0.09897127747535706,
0.05204356834292412,
0.25527122616767883,
0.43235084414482117,
0.14528031647205353,
0.27809837460517883,
-0.37088289856910706,
-0.11175814270973206,
-0.22801069915294647,
-0.10903653502464294,
0.059319235384464264,
-0.31894752383232117,
-0.09344205260276794,
-0.12477250397205353,
-0.12264459580183029,
-0.10734974592924118,
-0.15690022706985474,
0.47018155455589294,
0.6418235301971436,
0.24337491393089294,
-0.20164351165294647,
0.5814319849014282,
-0.05274113640189171,
-0.0428813137114048,
-0.043624185025691986,
0.17927135527133942,
0.257988840341568,
0.20871804654598236,
0.40365323424339294,
-0.5241920948028564,
0.27626731991767883,
-0.031089089810848236,
-0.28798606991767883,
-0.44352027773857117,
-0.10213956236839294,
0.07247786223888397,
0.023837001994252205,
0.3726695775985718,
0.1879327893257141,
0.2064874768257141,
0.2224676012992859,
0.25253018736839294,
0.22346635162830353,
0.3752885162830353,
4.059481620788574,
0.26364967226982117,
-0.0780157595872879,
0.24458451569080353,
-0.5259010791778564,
0.16446200013160706,
0.4603160619735718,
0.0844690129160881,
-0.03093389980494976,
-0.17791748046875,
-0.09673517197370529,
0.3361150622367859,
0.23241077363491058,
0.06159001961350441,
0.18703946471214294,
0.30113983154296875,
0.45920631289482117,
0.27439185976982117,
-0.0992584228515625,
0.14359907805919647,
-0.24909557402133942,
-0.007908213883638382,
0.15414151549339294,
0.2445012927055359,
0.177215576171875,
0.443115234375,
0.010074961930513382,
0.2078191637992859,
0.7923917174339294,
0.2803400158882141,
0.4316850006580353,
-0.20229963958263397,
-0.033966064453125,
-0.11209245026111603,
-0.671142578125,
0.37392356991767883,
0.3755992650985718,
0.01336392480880022,
-0.026638377457857132,
-0.3038219213485718,
-0.3755992650985718,
-0.2430974841117859,
0.49356356263160706,
0.23277698457241058,
0.07447676360607147,
-0.3761652112007141,
-0.06005720794200897,
0.2072088122367859,
-0.15582275390625,
0.3526777923107147,
0.4207763671875,
0.18475064635276794,
0.37741920351982117,
-0.22047008574008942,
0.43807706236839294,
0.5116299986839294,
0.3283025622367859,
0.22537508606910706,
-0.0035885898396372795,
0.29111549258232117,
0.4744762182235718,
0.16296109557151794,
0.4752974212169647,
0.1406305432319641,
0.07312774658203125,
0.12702526152133942,
0.17611971497535706,
-0.2617326080799103,
-0.09801257401704788,
0.12939314544200897,
0.4588512182235718,
0.3836780786514282,
0.2846235930919647,
-0.07706937193870544,
0.08588755875825882,
0.19542346894741058,
-0.4037642180919647,
-0.1904352307319641,
0.35165128111839294,
-0.23396439850330353,
-0.033434782177209854,
-0.38254615664482117,
0.054606352001428604,
0.4348810315132141,
0.1370489001274109,
0.49740323424339294,
0.057877279818058014,
-0.2595506012439728,
0.245574951171875,
0.14735759794712067,
0.3799271881580353,
-0.19898571074008942,
0.24755859375,
0.08199518173933029,
0.12170965224504471,
-0.13633035123348236,
-0.47776100039482117,
-3.9808237552642822,
0.07882413268089294,
0.2582660913467407,
-0.242431640625,
0.1349737048149109,
-0.15304288268089294,
-0.049367211759090424,
0.20726603269577026,
-0.6417347192764282,
0.5435901880264282,
0.4347034692764282,
0.18480335175991058,
-0.18599076569080353,
0.3462691009044647,
0.3858087658882141,
0.06534992903470993,
-0.005013205576688051,
0.03760005161166191,
0.21147988736629486,
0.08693990111351013,
0.24758078157901764,
-0.0032015712931752205,
0.11969549208879471,
-0.419189453125,
0.28830859065055847,
-0.042269621044397354,
-0.22453723847866058,
-0.07793357223272324,
0.4376997649669647,
0.19483532011508942,
0.3852095305919647,
0.47476473450660706,
0.4846635162830353,
-0.23793722689151764,
0.3548140227794647,
0.5025745630264282,
0.4824884533882141,
0.057461824268102646,
0.32601651549339294,
0.22207364439964294,
-0.12152654677629471,
-0.06378590315580368,
0.4679065942764282,
0.16187633574008942,
-0.023747531697154045,
0.06403975188732147,
-0.4013006091117859,
0.16937255859375,
0.06656438857316971,
0.2210693359375,
0.45046165585517883,
0.47689542174339294,
-0.09294266998767853,
-0.07604425400495529,
0.5094327330589294,
-0.15278486907482147,
0.4017840325832367,
-0.2064153552055359,
0.3870960474014282,
-0.14590315520763397,
0.49991121888160706,
-0.018008839339017868,
0.17094282805919647,
0.08594755828380585,
-0.3204900622367859,
-0.11907958984375,
0.16318859159946442,
0.14614175260066986,
-0.24195446074008942,
-0.47686490416526794,
-0.0882599800825119,
0.24861283600330353,
0.5150923132896423,
0.18345780670642853,
0.07751187682151794,
0.6295720934867859,
-0.02836444228887558,
0.10851773619651794,
0.5047274231910706,
0.007145274896174669,
-0.26815518736839294,
-0.060587167739868164,
-0.3151189684867859,
0.13307467103004456,
2.1588246822357178,
0.4832652807235718,
2.225674629211426,
0.0217144712805748,
-0.10215499252080917,
0.42569246888160706,
-0.2546275854110718,
0.03242076560854912,
0.04175592586398125,
0.18392667174339294,
-0.09491521865129471,
0.652099609375,
-0.10241144150495529,
-0.015235207043588161,
0.36892977356910706,
0.08164388686418533,
0.3698286712169647,
-1.1268643140792847,
0.1724969744682312,
0.0330621562898159,
0.13936267793178558,
-0.12287452071905136,
0.04526658356189728,
0.6011629700660706,
-0.3693181872367859,
-0.026584971696138382,
0.0310046449303627,
0.30251243710517883,
-0.012897837907075882,
-0.3873180150985718,
-0.11919610947370529,
0.2531849145889282,
0.39894798398017883,
0.18477560579776764,
0.18576326966285706,
-0.04998675361275673,
-0.022594798356294632,
4.727982997894287,
-0.03606623038649559,
-0.05442393943667412,
-0.14190673828125,
0.138871967792511,
0.3268932104110718,
0.04096083343029022,
0.11141135543584824,
0.1006823480129242,
0.06318456679582596,
0.5409268736839294,
0.2596019506454468,
0.06873738020658493,
-0.23969338834285736,
0.18679532408714294,
0.3044544458389282,
0.14615701138973236,
0.02842937782406807,
-0.15400418639183044,
-0.06792935729026794,
0.5494051575660706,
0.17868180572986603,
0.10501861572265625,
0.013408660888671875,
-0.07894966751337051,
0.27023038268089294,
0.2780206799507141,
-0.20164074003696442,
-0.14801858365535736,
0.21696333587169647,
0.1261236071586609,
5.494318008422852,
0.28157737851142883,
0.47543057799339294,
-0.5178888440132141,
0.14801025390625,
0.4576526880264282,
-0.49496182799339294,
0.03302140533924103,
-0.10038063675165176,
-0.2338201403617859,
0.06910982728004456,
0.5636762976646423,
-0.4896795153617859,
0.01407137792557478,
0.08128773421049118,
0.22740589082241058,
-0.57568359375,
0.1033172607421875,
0.1181640625,
0.09240167587995529,
0.6948686242103577,
-0.06603310257196426,
0.22615189850330353,
-0.1784418225288391,
-0.3285175561904907,
-0.12406227737665176,
0.06582086533308029,
0.12630392611026764,
-0.060075584799051285,
-0.025210250169038773,
0.18124666810035706,
-0.07588750869035721,
-0.4061223864555359,
0.1526392102241516,
-0.4354137182235718,
0.022658608853816986,
0.4264470934867859,
0.4157271087169647,
0.3315984606742859,
-0.09807933121919632,
0.3118452727794647,
0.3593860864639282,
-0.17899946868419647,
-0.006344708614051342,
-0.05033423751592636,
0.016477931290864944,
0.2223566174507141,
-0.157867431640625,
0.07952048629522324,
0.3795166015625,
-0.050224997103214264,
0.11226168274879456,
0.9747869372367859,
0.14714188873767853,
0.9531694054603577,
0.2522749602794647,
-0.3508855700492859,
-0.25259867310523987,
0.08821244537830353,
-0.06862571090459824,
0.31703880429267883,
0.049527253955602646,
-0.3283802270889282,
0.2787308990955353,
0.3490656018257141,
0.18214555084705353,
0.1952459216117859,
0.02783411182463169,
0.5185990929603577,
-0.1670587658882141,
0.12886740267276764,
-0.037968721240758896,
-0.0831756591796875,
0.4100230932235718,
0.06017338111996651,
0.02056121826171875,
0.2740117907524109,
-0.21348433196544647,
0.3526611328125,
0.18238969147205353,
-0.13282360136508942,
-0.1684424728155136,
-0.13301225006580353,
0.07064611464738846,
-0.004707683343440294,
0.05234735831618309,
-0.30264559388160706,
0.25927734375,
0.29427823424339294,
0.22604092955589294,
0.3757990002632141,
0.09498179703950882,
-0.13548694550991058,
0.5423694849014282,
-0.06716641783714294,
-0.31545189023017883,
-0.15189431607723236,
0.12686990201473236,
-0.2078191637992859,
-0.06406810134649277,
-0.012136979959905148,
0.2302301526069641,
0.18398839235305786,
-0.48648348450660706,
0.3408980071544647,
-0.29799583554267883,
-0.21213045716285706,
0.011442705057561398,
0.03774426132440567,
0.1854192614555359,
0.5035067200660706,
0.37839576601982117,
-0.14890652894973755,
0.17666348814964294,
-0.2824263274669647
] |
1935
|
What are the social sciences?
|
[
{
"docid": "26781#0",
"text": "Social science is a category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society. Social science as a whole has many branches. These social sciences include, but are not limited to: anthropology, archaeology, communication studies, economics, history, human geography, jurisprudence, linguistics, political science, psychology, public health, and sociology. The term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the field of sociology, the original \"science of society\", established in the 19th century. For a more detailed list of sub-disciplines within the social sciences see: Outline of social science.",
"title": "Social science"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "26781#15",
"text": "Communication studies integrates aspects of both social sciences and the humanities. As a social science, the discipline often overlaps with sociology, psychology, anthropology, biology, political science, economics, and public policy, among others. From a humanities perspective, communication is concerned with rhetoric and persuasion (traditional graduate programs in communication studies trace their history to the rhetoricians of Ancient Greece). The field applies to outside disciplines as well, including engineering, architecture, mathematics, and information science.",
"title": "Social science"
}
] |
[
0.34710693359375,
0.5081329345703125,
-0.408203125,
0.350189208984375,
-0.04912614822387695,
-0.04696083068847656,
0.3603515625,
-0.35845947265625,
0.19623565673828125,
-0.017955780029296875,
-0.11860466003417969,
0.03807640075683594,
-0.334014892578125,
0.0758819580078125,
-0.6719970703125,
-0.08390045166015625,
0.3748779296875,
-0.2642669677734375,
-0.04400897026062012,
0.197784423828125,
0.10195159912109375,
0.32794189453125,
0.03989982604980469,
0.031917572021484375,
0.1599884033203125,
-0.10279083251953125,
-0.308319091796875,
0.377777099609375,
-0.015461206436157227,
0.264373779296875,
0.11093330383300781,
-0.03506207466125488,
0.23504638671875,
0.57904052734375,
-0.3930816650390625,
0.12436485290527344,
0.28326416015625,
0.2288360595703125,
-0.14831924438476562,
-0.200225830078125,
0.08222198486328125,
0.076995849609375,
0.172607421875,
-0.05456352233886719,
0.0605926513671875,
0.08038562536239624,
0.30377197265625,
0.07064437866210938,
-0.20232772827148438,
-0.3595123291015625,
-0.242156982421875,
-0.023949623107910156,
-0.35498046875,
0.161346435546875,
-0.27140045166015625,
0.439178466796875,
0.25921630859375,
0.43048095703125,
0.47528076171875,
0.10707855224609375,
0.44195556640625,
-0.1874847412109375,
0.04778337478637695,
0.07967758178710938,
0.17481327056884766,
0.32110595703125,
0.0025091171264648438,
0.21019744873046875,
-0.03812146186828613,
0.2419281005859375,
-0.021103858947753906,
0.3262939453125,
0.387176513671875,
-0.023894071578979492,
-0.14096832275390625,
-0.09469985961914062,
-0.261932373046875,
0.3011627197265625,
0.5181884765625,
-0.3060760498046875,
0.202728271484375,
-0.2271575927734375,
0.11992645263671875,
0.59771728515625,
0.19203948974609375,
0.5164794921875,
0.03476595878601074,
0.2874908447265625,
-0.001399993896484375,
0.2501220703125,
0.08954238891601562,
0.018838882446289062,
0.1431732177734375,
0.310638427734375,
0.1844940185546875,
0.70587158203125,
0.3062286376953125,
-0.1824188232421875,
0.1137237548828125,
0.22911834716796875,
-0.11193084716796875,
-0.16330718994140625,
-0.0319366455078125,
0.50909423828125,
0.1919097900390625,
-0.287872314453125,
-0.191619873046875,
0.07879757881164551,
0.370361328125,
0.297027587890625,
0.095245361328125,
-0.15191650390625,
0.06649208068847656,
0.349609375,
0.17726516723632812,
0.46173095703125,
0.27422142028808594,
-0.16632843017578125,
-0.12506484985351562,
-1.029052734375,
0.2765960693359375,
0.24639892578125,
-0.2697601318359375,
-0.1077880859375,
-0.552154541015625,
0.2996063232421875,
0.347564697265625,
0.012125015258789062,
0.580474853515625,
0.58648681640625,
-0.2018585205078125,
0.08211898803710938,
0.420196533203125,
0.477325439453125,
0.634521484375,
0.133758544921875,
0.19025421142578125,
-0.09824371337890625,
0.1869668960571289,
-0.3652191162109375,
-0.23441314697265625,
-0.07427406311035156,
0.17392349243164062,
0.398162841796875,
-0.19324493408203125,
-0.007785797119140625,
-0.004517078399658203,
0.18859100341796875,
0.2425384521484375,
-0.05894148349761963,
0.2754058837890625,
0.013401985168457031,
-0.18981170654296875,
0.236663818359375,
-0.35400390625,
-0.00510406494140625,
0.07464885711669922,
0.27260589599609375,
0.14517974853515625,
-0.01611471176147461,
0.751007080078125,
0.2947845458984375,
0.177398681640625,
-0.1427001953125,
-0.023712158203125,
0.0882720947265625,
-0.2116241455078125,
0.3543701171875,
0.5260009765625,
-0.43621826171875,
-0.1273040771484375,
0.03842496871948242,
0.24464797973632812,
-0.16576385498046875,
0.4322509765625,
0.215087890625,
-0.049465179443359375,
-0.04659271240234375,
0.411468505859375,
-0.0132293701171875,
-0.06101799011230469,
0.513458251953125,
0.23130035400390625,
0.14035511016845703,
0.520050048828125,
0.2653350830078125,
0.06253623962402344,
0.04440498352050781,
-0.2321929931640625,
-0.20552825927734375,
-0.0522308349609375,
-0.09624743461608887,
0.579833984375,
0.035843849182128906,
0.31134033203125,
0.12432098388671875,
-0.3021392822265625,
0.477508544921875,
0.07361412048339844,
0.268310546875,
0.18595123291015625,
-0.12853717803955078,
-0.258270263671875,
0.07623100280761719,
0.28887939453125,
-0.62652587890625,
0.08429908752441406,
-0.04152202606201172,
-0.11496162414550781,
-0.04841804504394531,
-0.002170562744140625,
-0.08372879028320312,
0.23644256591796875,
0.2877655029296875,
-0.01956939697265625,
0.40545654296875,
0.2049407958984375,
0.3643951416015625,
0.563323974609375,
-0.14090728759765625,
-0.1700897216796875,
0.52117919921875,
-0.1584300994873047,
-0.268829345703125,
0.282379150390625,
-0.04932975769042969,
-0.2109375,
-0.34771728515625,
0.0719451904296875,
0.2935028076171875,
0.37353515625,
0.2355499267578125,
0.1005096435546875,
-0.3221435546875,
0.520050048828125,
0.4345855712890625,
0.3066558837890625,
0.07144355773925781,
-0.10141754150390625,
0.23537826538085938,
0.388641357421875,
0.046308040618896484,
-0.1686553955078125,
-0.17072296142578125,
0.3284149169921875,
-0.2734222412109375,
0.2385406494140625,
-0.23069000244140625,
-0.2394866943359375,
0.01721513271331787,
0.039974212646484375,
0.016489028930664062,
-0.12951278686523438,
0.1651153564453125,
-0.3230743408203125,
0.2323455810546875,
0.2697296142578125,
0.07136917114257812,
0.034789085388183594,
0.047817230224609375,
0.5726318359375,
0.00763702392578125,
0.479461669921875,
0.264801025390625,
-0.20319366455078125,
0.162872314453125,
0.320831298828125,
0.431671142578125,
0.2659759521484375,
0.329681396484375,
0.14992523193359375,
-0.045459747314453125,
0.24253082275390625,
-0.011621475219726562,
-0.2776336669921875,
-0.05751848220825195,
0.2344970703125,
-0.2011871337890625,
-0.392608642578125,
-0.01004791259765625,
0.467803955078125,
0.0017499253153800964,
-0.2103424072265625,
0.14645767211914062,
0.06917506456375122,
0.68511962890625,
0.050159454345703125,
-0.2032318115234375,
-0.19898223876953125,
0.04018115997314453,
0.19188690185546875,
0.484832763671875,
-0.0958871841430664,
-0.519012451171875,
0.16727828979492188,
0.21001720428466797,
-0.07724380493164062,
-0.06589508056640625,
0.3040008544921875,
-0.09743118286132812,
0.5816650390625,
-0.491485595703125,
0.357574462890625,
0.60369873046875,
-0.013888359069824219,
-0.398406982421875,
-0.556182861328125,
0.18576335906982422,
-0.2447967529296875,
0.339935302734375,
0.3195037841796875,
-0.10638618469238281,
-0.04481315612792969,
0.14188003540039062,
0.42230224609375,
0.3026885986328125,
0.0002269744873046875,
-0.311920166015625,
0.29144287109375,
0.1584930419921875,
-0.3078155517578125,
-0.178863525390625,
-0.38385009765625,
0.2404327392578125,
0.2686767578125,
-0.24354839324951172,
0.20262908935546875,
-0.35906982421875,
-0.10702323913574219,
0.3804931640625,
0.18205642700195312,
0.09019279479980469,
-0.15579605102539062,
0.1931915283203125,
0.199005126953125,
0.1680450439453125,
0.07616090774536133,
0.3240203857421875,
0.14031982421875,
-0.37664794921875,
0.219268798828125,
0.368804931640625,
-0.06539726257324219,
0.334442138671875,
-0.24139404296875,
0.04370403289794922,
-0.1266930103302002,
-0.07914113998413086,
0.2056121826171875,
-0.08642864227294922,
0.15834426879882812,
-0.042129576206207275,
-0.09684371948242188,
0.18506240844726562,
0.12615203857421875,
-0.2654876708984375,
0.7587890625,
0.0925750732421875,
0.044440269470214844,
-0.3173370361328125,
0.2349395751953125,
0.2852630615234375,
0.10179901123046875,
-0.012799263000488281,
0.195343017578125,
0.2895660400390625,
0.01611328125,
-0.3566131591796875,
0.26922607421875,
0.017720699310302734,
0.12633132934570312,
-0.06292152404785156,
0.1963348388671875,
-0.18243408203125,
-0.332733154296875,
-0.029146194458007812,
-0.10127091407775879,
0.19329071044921875,
0.66925048828125,
-0.06756019592285156,
0.20813369750976562,
0.64508056640625,
0.03273582458496094,
0.10152626037597656,
0.04360675811767578,
-0.18310546875,
0.08668136596679688,
0.1927337646484375,
-0.005391120910644531,
0.20461273193359375,
0.054607391357421875,
0.11707019805908203,
0.02099132537841797,
0.16692352294921875,
-0.009165763854980469,
-0.06378507614135742,
-0.18526840209960938,
0.467803955078125,
0.08481597900390625,
-0.019472122192382812,
0.113311767578125,
0.30242919921875,
0.424072265625,
0.2382965087890625,
4.318359375,
0.09920406341552734,
0.17268753051757812,
-0.4998779296875,
-0.20770263671875,
0.08932781219482422,
0.41552734375,
-0.40997314453125,
-0.11844635009765625,
0.06876373291015625,
-0.08519172668457031,
0.06890487670898438,
-0.14839935302734375,
0.43634033203125,
0.004559040069580078,
0.0005631446838378906,
0.04878711700439453,
0.386688232421875,
0.0653696060180664,
0.5394287109375,
-0.554718017578125,
0.5748291015625,
0.3235321044921875,
-0.04687204957008362,
0.051971435546875,
0.2763671875,
0.53619384765625,
0.08464813232421875,
0.1759796142578125,
0.211212158203125,
0.31903076171875,
0.11208820343017578,
0.05662727355957031,
0.207763671875,
-0.568115234375,
-0.1351757049560547,
0.3841552734375,
0.15280914306640625,
0.334197998046875,
0.2240753173828125,
-0.3597412109375,
0.20068359375,
0.26482391357421875,
0.406036376953125,
-0.1512126922607422,
-0.2079010009765625,
-0.535125732421875,
0.418731689453125,
-0.1411895751953125,
0.15187644958496094,
0.3211212158203125,
-0.225860595703125,
0.12095499038696289,
-0.10424613952636719,
0.3004302978515625,
0.4591827392578125,
0.11116409301757812,
0.1938323974609375,
-0.17008209228515625,
-0.156402587890625,
-0.1313037872314453,
-0.3268890380859375,
0.04868888854980469,
-0.11825942993164062,
-0.17862701416015625,
-0.017069101333618164,
0.445831298828125,
0.41326904296875,
0.050005435943603516,
-0.039127349853515625,
0.569244384765625,
0.3531341552734375,
0.18314743041992188,
-0.370513916015625,
0.18514251708984375,
-0.13538742065429688,
-0.012477397918701172,
-0.169891357421875,
-0.06317716836929321,
-0.047779083251953125,
-0.0036754608154296875,
0.002567768096923828,
0.10943603515625,
0.12103271484375,
-0.010051727294921875,
0.513519287109375,
0.012208938598632812,
-0.52020263671875,
0.352813720703125,
-0.06237220764160156,
0.2723541259765625,
-0.056838035583496094,
0.0419158935546875,
0.3244476318359375,
0.33587646484375,
-0.10398483276367188,
0.3345489501953125,
-3.9921875,
-0.08188629150390625,
0.249298095703125,
-0.17835235595703125,
0.1580352783203125,
0.13072967529296875,
0.1743621826171875,
0.0733795166015625,
-0.330596923828125,
0.399749755859375,
0.04510211944580078,
0.2693939208984375,
0.052863121032714844,
0.2971343994140625,
-0.09297561645507812,
0.282135009765625,
0.363006591796875,
0.07915115356445312,
0.09175491333007812,
-0.11826515197753906,
0.2747650146484375,
0.390472412109375,
0.29168701171875,
-0.449371337890625,
0.3148651123046875,
0.17308807373046875,
0.010564804077148438,
-0.4783935546875,
-0.1779937744140625,
0.07759284973144531,
0.437774658203125,
0.453887939453125,
0.461395263671875,
-0.10286331176757812,
0.3046417236328125,
0.577972412109375,
0.22629547119140625,
-0.0727996826171875,
0.2736968994140625,
0.381072998046875,
0.012532234191894531,
-0.18454742431640625,
0.2327880859375,
-0.03432464599609375,
0.12071990966796875,
0.03630256652832031,
-0.168792724609375,
0.192596435546875,
-0.200836181640625,
-0.08142280578613281,
0.410919189453125,
0.3640594482421875,
-0.2984466552734375,
0.10717010498046875,
0.42828369140625,
-0.34954833984375,
0.36962890625,
0.1980438232421875,
0.3830718994140625,
0.09299945831298828,
0.1577005386352539,
-0.20379638671875,
0.2148284912109375,
0.08234786987304688,
0.2750396728515625,
-0.113983154296875,
0.15556716918945312,
0.36053466796875,
0.402801513671875,
-0.29799652099609375,
0.3331298828125,
0.2933197021484375,
0.488372802734375,
-0.13875198364257812,
0.11023712158203125,
0.037232041358947754,
-0.22782516479492188,
-0.2855987548828125,
0.49102783203125,
0.25745391845703125,
0.16301727294921875,
-0.23664093017578125,
-0.415130615234375,
0.12931060791015625,
2.451171875,
0.248626708984375,
2.2926025390625,
0.48602294921875,
-0.015672683715820312,
0.2744140625,
-0.1927032470703125,
0.315032958984375,
-0.02043914794921875,
-0.0885467529296875,
0.43975830078125,
0.4561767578125,
-0.09662628173828125,
0.08080291748046875,
0.050080299377441406,
-0.06793212890625,
0.3118743896484375,
-0.87646484375,
0.11623764038085938,
-0.2099609375,
0.3455810546875,
0.3270263671875,
0.1611175537109375,
0.3403778076171875,
0.2945098876953125,
-0.2412872314453125,
-0.369537353515625,
-0.1549530029296875,
0.0572967529296875,
-0.0008411407470703125,
-0.3261566162109375,
0.03166055679321289,
0.2435150146484375,
0.00504302978515625,
0.21369171142578125,
0.397003173828125,
-0.12906646728515625,
4.70849609375,
0.11298370361328125,
-0.1536865234375,
-0.0898590087890625,
0.13576507568359375,
0.31610679626464844,
0.1406097412109375,
0.08098030090332031,
-0.408660888671875,
-0.1071920394897461,
0.09043025970458984,
0.15456008911132812,
0.08464622497558594,
0.006693840026855469,
0.12300872802734375,
0.413482666015625,
0.05131340026855469,
-0.08922100067138672,
0.24146270751953125,
0.3143157958984375,
0.2821197509765625,
-0.19763469696044922,
0.3358306884765625,
0.12102508544921875,
-0.15012741088867188,
0.0004558563232421875,
0.1160125732421875,
-0.024769902229309082,
-0.043743133544921875,
0.3203125,
0.19040679931640625,
5.4794921875,
0.3436431884765625,
0.2093353271484375,
-0.15474700927734375,
-0.15792083740234375,
0.2612762451171875,
-0.54510498046875,
-0.2268829345703125,
-0.4229736328125,
-0.007256031036376953,
0.08380126953125,
-0.0826253890991211,
-0.20074462890625,
-0.1467914581298828,
-0.07044649124145508,
0.233673095703125,
-0.2717132568359375,
-0.08143424987792969,
0.045894622802734375,
0.18304443359375,
0.11716842651367188,
0.14397430419921875,
0.31939697265625,
-0.583831787109375,
0.16773223876953125,
-0.019144058227539062,
0.13270950317382812,
0.19397544860839844,
-0.12638473510742188,
-0.0786745548248291,
0.523956298828125,
0.04115414619445801,
-0.438995361328125,
0.457611083984375,
-0.2442779541015625,
0.1903076171875,
0.195281982421875,
0.158599853515625,
0.18660736083984375,
-0.16028594970703125,
0.2564239501953125,
0.519317626953125,
-0.42999267578125,
0.4064178466796875,
-0.13035964965820312,
-0.08180367946624756,
-0.13202667236328125,
0.2329864501953125,
0.288604736328125,
0.08779621124267578,
0.08335494995117188,
0.02273845672607422,
0.91705322265625,
0.195068359375,
0.033344268798828125,
0.16872406005859375,
-0.030725479125976562,
-0.1475372314453125,
0.21425628662109375,
-0.03430300951004028,
0.365020751953125,
0.10746002197265625,
-0.18227386474609375,
0.417266845703125,
0.36151123046875,
-0.15253448486328125,
0.1576690673828125,
-0.18149566650390625,
0.67694091796875,
-0.3217010498046875,
-0.473236083984375,
-0.031716346740722656,
0.16294097900390625,
0.015911102294921875,
-0.05091285705566406,
0.24590682983398438,
0.05834531784057617,
-0.3064727783203125,
-0.11528968811035156,
0.0640707015991211,
-0.008968353271484375,
-0.2225494384765625,
-0.2878570556640625,
-0.002942800521850586,
0.041664838790893555,
-0.044795989990234375,
0.007708549499511719,
0.04302263259887695,
-0.1861419677734375,
-0.10277557373046875,
0.14714431762695312,
-0.053325653076171875,
-0.003557920455932617,
0.460235595703125,
0.33599853515625,
0.0324554443359375,
0.111541748046875,
0.69659423828125,
-0.05251646041870117,
0.172637939453125,
-0.165374755859375,
0.2643585205078125,
-0.1346074342727661,
-0.14350509643554688,
0.1497802734375,
-0.10367584228515625,
0.21371841430664062,
-0.186126708984375,
0.339263916015625,
-0.0553131103515625,
0.458251953125,
0.11827468872070312,
-0.13740158081054688,
0.05072307586669922,
-0.111663818359375
] |
1951
|
When was the SMS Gneisenau built?
|
[
{
"docid": "193164#0",
"text": "SMS \"Gneisenau\" was an armored cruiser of the German navy, part of the two-ship . She was named after August von Gneisenau, a Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars. The ship was laid down in 1904 at the AG Weser dockyard in Bremen, launched in June 1906, and completed in March 1908, at a cost of over 19 million goldmarks. She was armed with a main battery of eight guns, had a top speed of , and displaced at full combat load.",
"title": "SMS Gneisenau"
},
{
"docid": "193164#2",
"text": "\"Gneisenau\" was laid down at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen, Germany in 1904, under construction number 144. She was launched on 14 June 1906, and commissioned into the fleet nearly two years later on 6 March 1908. The ship cost the German government 19,243,000 goldmarks. The ship had been designed for service with the High Seas Fleet, though it was found to be too weak for service with the battle fleet; instead it was deployed overseas, a role in which it performed well.",
"title": "SMS Gneisenau"
}
] |
[] |
[
0.08875205367803574,
0.03636884689331055,
-0.41390714049339294,
0.2831254303455353,
0.048098478466272354,
0.09528801590204239,
0.4012340307235718,
-0.34292879700660706,
-0.04035811126232147,
0.40072354674339294,
-0.2709336578845978,
-0.483642578125,
-0.2922474145889282,
-0.10458096861839294,
0.13117356598377228,
-0.3405317962169647,
0.3775745630264282,
0.10512750595808029,
-0.2564530670642853,
-0.07856330275535583,
0.2512317895889282,
0.47793856263160706,
-0.1963122934103012,
0.2657026946544647,
0.10449981689453125,
0.030114781111478806,
0.13485440611839294,
0.17915482819080353,
0.031897976994514465,
0.2671564221382141,
0.24870161712169647,
-0.03297840431332588,
-0.2303466796875,
0.24555553495883942,
-0.5826082825660706,
0.11883544921875,
0.02163678966462612,
-0.1676923632621765,
0.030265115201473236,
0.33999356627464294,
-0.03339732810854912,
0.1452692151069641,
0.4512162506580353,
-0.02882445976138115,
0.011973988264799118,
-0.013334101065993309,
0.2724165618419647,
-0.12092521041631699,
0.07210471481084824,
0.19389759004116058,
-0.2396448254585266,
0.14675036072731018,
-0.3538263440132141,
0.15501819550991058,
-0.430908203125,
0.7076082825660706,
-0.3458141088485718,
0.6231356263160706,
-0.14173005521297455,
0.6888760924339294,
-0.05391346290707588,
0.23395468294620514,
-0.20003439486026764,
0.01064525917172432,
0.20382967591285706,
-0.029874801635742188,
-0.208587646484375,
-0.07380953431129456,
0.5120516419410706,
-0.018117038533091545,
-0.26192960143089294,
0.35817578434944153,
0.4659534692764282,
0.07501359283924103,
-0.03575793281197548,
-0.1862030029296875,
-0.023434031754732132,
0.4248712658882141,
0.210693359375,
-0.23784255981445312,
0.3897705078125,
-0.6761141419410706,
0.06362637877464294,
0.39280006289482117,
-0.9490855932235718,
0.7169744372367859,
0.1664581298828125,
0.37160423398017883,
0.37650367617607117,
0.4326615631580353,
0.15248455107212067,
-0.008554631844162941,
0.2521528899669647,
-0.12259881943464279,
0.41055575013160706,
0.44283780455589294,
0.3668212890625,
-0.4510387182235718,
-0.007956764660775661,
-0.42986229062080383,
0.11428555846214294,
-0.14656482636928558,
0.0024260608479380608,
0.3804931640625,
0.07504827529191971,
-0.5193980932235718,
-0.08420146256685257,
0.1958538442850113,
0.1763531118631363,
0.2500776946544647,
0.3828901946544647,
-0.34568092226982117,
0.028593409806489944,
-0.008800160139799118,
0.14120206236839294,
0.35654518008232117,
0.2209417223930359,
-0.2997603118419647,
-0.4872991442680359,
-0.4451703131198883,
0.2534290552139282,
0.2975297272205353,
-0.1473560333251953,
-0.07203526794910431,
-0.3011030852794647,
-0.40567848086357117,
0.5447887182235718,
-0.4403519928455353,
0.5601695775985718,
0.2546275854110718,
-0.186065673828125,
0.020396839827299118,
0.12053045630455017,
0.4774946868419647,
0.05965319648385048,
0.06844208389520645,
0.20542630553245544,
-0.5077015161514282,
-0.4559333026409149,
-0.2601873278617859,
-0.05444752052426338,
-0.1290283203125,
0.13114790618419647,
0.120330810546875,
-0.25339576601982117,
0.174835205078125,
0.07314786314964294,
0.3493097424507141,
-0.20522655546665192,
0.2504286468029022,
0.13930164277553558,
0.23460803925991058,
-0.330322265625,
0.24992232024669647,
-0.4218084216117859,
0.5613902807235718,
0.4626631438732147,
0.4698375463485718,
-0.16164328157901764,
-0.14862337708473206,
0.6702547669410706,
0.4010120630264282,
0.42348411679267883,
0.30259010195732117,
0.3161662817001343,
0.29549339413642883,
-0.22082380950450897,
0.1530206799507141,
0.5048828125,
-0.17735151946544647,
-0.18790505826473236,
0.06650751084089279,
0.4386541247367859,
-0.2611125707626343,
0.11153550446033478,
-0.10161244124174118,
-0.33695289492607117,
0.07732460647821426,
0.4780717194080353,
0.1991216540336609,
0.11675608903169632,
-0.01772863231599331,
0.16833080351352692,
0.07109486311674118,
0.6297052502632141,
-0.04548974335193634,
0.041919685900211334,
-0.17973743379116058,
0.07227186858654022,
0.38271263241767883,
-0.15458263456821442,
-0.2471368908882141,
1.0929509401321411,
-0.4762628674507141,
0.12693370878696442,
-0.08125322312116623,
-0.15041281282901764,
0.18039356172084808,
-0.07083684951066971,
0.3914017975330353,
-0.2866016626358032,
0.2805841565132141,
-0.7877308130264282,
0.16819070279598236,
0.5119184851646423,
-0.8888050317764282,
-0.062469482421875,
0.099090576171875,
-0.23690518736839294,
-0.5880792737007141,
-0.13873568177223206,
0.05427689850330353,
0.1333673596382141,
0.12341031432151794,
-0.16724465787410736,
0.2012689709663391,
0.3837446868419647,
-0.49319735169410706,
0.41878995299339294,
0.12633652985095978,
-0.2862992584705353,
0.4103893041610718,
0.059746481478214264,
-0.4522039294242859,
-0.00621656933799386,
-0.14420388638973236,
-0.2505077123641968,
-0.5077237486839294,
0.1436101794242859,
0.08636128157377243,
0.8657670617103577,
0.11661043763160706,
0.17414994537830353,
-0.7025035619735718,
-0.013103831559419632,
0.4415838122367859,
0.7378817200660706,
0.00264289160259068,
0.28775301575660706,
0.06249028816819191,
0.38705167174339294,
0.09611927717924118,
-0.213165283203125,
0.34097984433174133,
0.47476473450660706,
-0.37576571106910706,
0.40511807799339294,
-0.08538401871919632,
-0.4280340075492859,
-0.160614013671875,
-0.005855560302734375,
-0.1286267340183258,
-0.58306884765625,
0.3733353912830353,
-0.3623046875,
0.026950186118483543,
0.11633994430303574,
0.19870758056640625,
0.04286540672183037,
0.20834766328334808,
0.44211646914482117,
-0.21875,
0.6102184057235718,
0.5436789989471436,
0.045870695263147354,
-0.3116011321544647,
0.19622664153575897,
0.4002796411514282,
0.03328358009457588,
-0.10621712356805801,
0.23931884765625,
-0.5415260791778564,
0.12462546676397324,
0.34079810976982117,
-0.059967041015625,
0.09301827102899551,
0.0916217491030693,
0.04435175284743309,
-0.04360545799136162,
0.17128683626651764,
0.28143310546875,
0.03621049225330353,
-0.4222301244735718,
0.08585982024669647,
0.6303045153617859,
0.5082563757896423,
0.0028332797810435295,
0.21173928678035736,
-0.06354869157075882,
-0.10134471207857132,
0.46004971861839294,
0.6180753111839294,
-0.08232810348272324,
-0.37026146054267883,
-0.14312466979026794,
0.2230585217475891,
0.18072509765625,
0.028670571744441986,
0.042450644075870514,
-0.010440305806696415,
0.28359153866767883,
-0.5056596398353577,
0.06747713685035706,
0.4411426782608032,
0.16503073275089264,
-0.4881702661514282,
-0.2584672272205353,
0.10072500258684158,
-0.17832531034946442,
0.12210915237665176,
0.14695878326892853,
-0.7286266088485718,
-0.016989968717098236,
0.11539805680513382,
0.2875310778617859,
0.5567842125892639,
0.14379744231700897,
-0.45485618710517883,
0.1857556402683258,
0.2781177759170532,
0.628173828125,
-0.15707120299339294,
-0.382080078125,
0.25887230038642883,
0.25199195742607117,
-0.287445068359375,
0.4410511255264282,
-0.35654518008232117,
0.5940274596214294,
0.207916259765625,
0.5915693640708923,
0.06610801070928574,
-0.29220736026763916,
-0.11764942854642868,
-0.1540045291185379,
0.3050093352794647,
0.02793225459754467,
0.5597257018089294,
0.14652390778064728,
-0.03121740184724331,
0.3403986096382141,
0.2438409924507141,
-0.2218683362007141,
0.4486638903617859,
-0.2979542016983032,
-0.3396661877632141,
0.2225792557001114,
0.07853975892066956,
0.477294921875,
0.08507745712995529,
-0.05919022858142853,
0.08609285950660706,
-0.37394437193870544,
0.25490570068359375,
-0.07687430083751678,
0.15509033203125,
-0.07395154982805252,
0.043882545083761215,
0.19642223417758942,
-0.3037830591201782,
0.35031959414482117,
0.23815084993839264,
0.5372869372367859,
0.0381622314453125,
0.7258522510528564,
0.07558510452508926,
-0.35011985898017883,
0.22574685513973236,
0.11074759811162949,
-0.07680165022611618,
0.32217684388160706,
-0.15980252623558044,
0.056795988231897354,
0.022691207006573677,
-0.38021573424339294,
-0.1404321789741516,
0.24154385924339294,
0.2853448987007141,
0.38352271914482117,
0.30348899960517883,
0.2779541015625,
0.4867498278617859,
0.2965864837169647,
0.21309176087379456,
-0.02322283573448658,
-0.0937090814113617,
-0.5893998742103577,
0.3848155736923218,
-0.047821737825870514,
-0.008802934549748898,
0.6502352356910706,
-0.16923661530017853,
-0.025312943384051323,
0.08644554764032364,
-0.28232643008232117,
0.2671564221382141,
-0.01284304540604353,
0.13792280852794647,
0.4541459381580353,
0.09766457229852676,
0.10384576767683029,
0.4532359838485718,
0.48641690611839294,
0.1116558387875557,
4.057528495788574,
0.45181551575660706,
0.3442937731742859,
0.31845924258232117,
-0.25067138671875,
-0.08646600693464279,
-0.06690632551908493,
-0.2666372060775757,
0.08431937545537949,
-0.12337979674339294,
-0.16196094453334808,
0.20968939363956451,
-0.19815808534622192,
0.6399591565132141,
-0.2673894762992859,
0.20151033997535706,
0.167144775390625,
0.1776941418647766,
0.3060968518257141,
0.4033646881580353,
-0.2747858166694641,
0.12081632018089294,
0.3334295153617859,
0.18053506314754486,
0.17458829283714294,
0.23909689486026764,
0.3003040552139282,
-0.10805997252464294,
0.6663762927055359,
0.11026070266962051,
0.3688521087169647,
-0.05925074592232704,
0.22140641510486603,
0.023365367203950882,
-0.8387784361839294,
0.4456121325492859,
0.2377784103155136,
0.5015314221382141,
0.023266879841685295,
0.24182961881160736,
-0.3002263903617859,
-0.16659268736839294,
0.46829500794410706,
0.3225874602794647,
-0.15242420136928558,
-0.09364505112171173,
0.010965520516037941,
0.5383079051971436,
0.07649092376232147,
-0.3021351099014282,
0.5015980005264282,
-0.15561051666736603,
-0.22660689055919647,
-0.07103538513183594,
0.18764981627464294,
0.5393953919410706,
0.10284423828125,
0.14264678955078125,
0.07743558287620544,
0.035491943359375,
0.05439342185854912,
0.0164337158203125,
-0.18435530364513397,
-0.23167835175991058,
-0.48013582825660706,
0.046975914388895035,
-0.30318382382392883,
0.3631841540336609,
0.38638582825660706,
0.1723833978176117,
0.5381746888160706,
0.3676092028617859,
0.6487926244735718,
-0.21390047669410706,
-0.05302567780017853,
-0.12823902070522308,
-0.16171541810035706,
0.5352783203125,
0.18178072571754456,
0.06486234068870544,
0.2026880383491516,
-0.32381924986839294,
0.07568220794200897,
0.4156937897205353,
-0.11796153336763382,
0.6061789989471436,
0.2982288599014282,
-0.2629283666610718,
0.8022016882896423,
-0.11177132278680801,
0.42123135924339294,
-0.05012096092104912,
0.17934903502464294,
0.38321200013160706,
0.3944147229194641,
-0.14476428925991058,
0.5508145689964294,
-3.9298651218414307,
0.34865501523017883,
0.02057855762541294,
0.3425403833389282,
0.18434835970401764,
-0.06476939469575882,
-0.05108087882399559,
0.05649913474917412,
-0.2581232190132141,
-0.14329251646995544,
-0.3760514557361603,
-0.08852317184209824,
-0.3480335474014282,
0.058997415006160736,
0.1912018209695816,
-0.08416054397821426,
0.013596621342003345,
0.06702769547700882,
0.431640625,
0.046732816845178604,
0.0970798209309578,
0.08344615250825882,
0.5921075940132141,
-0.09047906845808029,
0.3195967376232147,
0.008534691296517849,
-0.060360994189977646,
-0.22708407044410706,
-0.05743408203125,
-0.03610576316714287,
-0.014574224129319191,
-0.09245993942022324,
0.3722034692764282,
-0.27980735898017883,
0.5825861096382141,
0.6602672338485718,
0.20791903138160706,
0.33815696835517883,
0.4458451569080353,
-0.03327525779604912,
-0.3042435944080353,
-0.4487970471382141,
0.18736682832241058,
-0.15870250761508942,
0.04351390525698662,
0.6214044690132141,
-0.3194469213485718,
-0.09130027145147324,
-0.07537841796875,
-0.015059730969369411,
0.32302024960517883,
0.13268350064754486,
-0.2476806640625,
-0.11770907044410706,
0.9628018736839294,
-0.6350541710853577,
0.024939797818660736,
0.09440751373767853,
0.05895215645432472,
0.4272571802139282,
0.199951171875,
-0.16898207366466522,
0.10278771072626114,
0.21855024993419647,
0.09238225966691971,
-0.1861572265625,
0.04199773445725441,
0.17266006767749786,
0.5235262513160706,
-0.12667013704776764,
0.45995262265205383,
-0.025851162150502205,
-0.030873386189341545,
0.12807394564151764,
0.1336115002632141,
0.44234952330589294,
-0.04846954345703125,
-0.1707208752632141,
0.5970792174339294,
0.42124244570732117,
0.11050692200660706,
-0.1289617419242859,
-0.4595392346382141,
0.5642533898353577,
2.4191229343414307,
0.49802467226982117,
2.2531960010528564,
0.18752531707286835,
0.3043656647205353,
0.10756850242614746,
0.10532725602388382,
-0.3309881091117859,
0.017918499186635017,
0.3723699450492859,
-0.09277551621198654,
0.009586334228515625,
0.11921830475330353,
0.5009543895721436,
0.07934986799955368,
-0.18319320678710938,
0.16255880892276764,
-1.005326747894287,
-0.3194628655910492,
-0.3309881091117859,
0.08146390318870544,
0.10218949615955353,
-0.1108727902173996,
-0.06407997757196426,
0.2901777923107147,
-0.31521883606910706,
-0.060486532747745514,
0.17219959199428558,
0.2693648040294647,
-0.21301546692848206,
-0.4560436010360718,
0.10450155287981033,
0.3179931640625,
0.45230379700660706,
-0.09870494157075882,
-0.2128240466117859,
-0.022366611286997795,
4.6711649894714355,
0.33797386288642883,
-0.31174537539482117,
-0.09154996275901794,
0.01438626367598772,
0.5546541810035706,
0.6418901085853577,
0.04640613868832588,
0.13293872773647308,
0.13944174349308014,
0.48567894101142883,
-0.03772527351975441,
-0.01715642772614956,
0.17435525357723236,
0.06660325080156326,
0.4704423248767853,
0.11239068955183029,
-0.053390372544527054,
0.1280011236667633,
0.3126886487007141,
0.2003173828125,
0.044751252979040146,
0.22734762728214264,
-0.45021751523017883,
-0.4627685546875,
0.0907641351222992,
-0.062378622591495514,
-0.2913707494735718,
0.008169000968337059,
0.28713157773017883,
0.16817960143089294,
5.3821024894714355,
0.06256658583879471,
0.3216441869735718,
-0.2558704614639282,
-0.029938437044620514,
-0.08316941559314728,
-0.2496393322944641,
-0.07222886383533478,
-0.12285267561674118,
0.000579833984375,
0.15679098665714264,
-0.164337158203125,
-0.36880770325660706,
0.20280317962169647,
0.557861328125,
0.13703502714633942,
-0.2957652807235718,
0.0630035400390625,
0.16320523619651794,
-0.0031488591339439154,
0.3064075708389282,
0.05482621490955353,
-0.10138771682977676,
-0.48911353945732117,
-0.24809958040714264,
-0.050326261669397354,
-0.06843983381986618,
-0.1293569952249527,
0.010008378885686398,
0.08094371110200882,
0.3601629137992859,
0.188720703125,
0.15168346464633942,
0.26532867550849915,
-0.14199377596378326,
0.11851709336042404,
0.29006126523017883,
0.013437097892165184,
0.008902463130652905,
0.5045276880264282,
0.52001953125,
0.31982421875,
-0.4424493908882141,
0.07731697708368301,
-0.09545690566301346,
0.12650369107723236,
-0.38185814023017883,
-0.1433660387992859,
0.01807156391441822,
-0.10095769912004471,
0.7125799059867859,
0.3104081451892853,
1.571732997894287,
0.4852405786514282,
0.2175542712211609,
0.24128861725330353,
0.006525212898850441,
-0.3599964380264282,
0.05611627921462059,
0.05225719138979912,
0.3146861791610718,
0.1070934608578682,
0.058635737746953964,
0.045585110783576965,
0.4571644067764282,
0.43978604674339294,
0.52392578125,
-0.12707242369651794,
0.5988547801971436,
-0.43603515625,
0.4354137182235718,
0.21358419954776764,
-0.1259307861328125,
0.19401273131370544,
-0.13365034759044647,
0.5694246888160706,
0.5367875695228577,
-0.05701099708676338,
-0.4166093170642853,
0.46932706236839294,
-0.2770885229110718,
-0.006942835636436939,
-0.3372969329357147,
-0.15999117493629456,
0.08062159270048141,
-0.31154564023017883,
-0.056923605501651764,
-0.11724021285772324,
0.3510492444038391,
0.09316184371709824,
0.2351740002632141,
0.21251773834228516,
-0.4301092028617859,
1.1459072828292847,
0.12437300384044647,
0.3434614837169647,
0.16377535462379456,
-0.0054168701171875,
0.11845380812883377,
0.17192372679710388,
-0.11348030716180801,
0.022261880338191986,
0.2013237625360489,
-0.07726183533668518,
0.20683704316616058,
-0.3229259252548218,
0.1894787847995758,
0.31045809388160706,
-0.029737992212176323,
0.0247790589928627,
0.42618075013160706,
0.7638272643089294,
0.471923828125,
-0.015593095682561398,
0.30111417174339294
] |
1956
|
Which amendment controls presidency terms?
|
[
{
"docid": "70132#0",
"text": "The Twenty-second Amendment (Amendment XXII) to the United States Constitution sets a limit on the number of times an individual is eligible for election to the office of President of the United States, and also sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents who succeed to the unexpired terms of their predecessors.",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
},
{
"docid": "70132#16",
"text": "As worded, the primary focus of the 22nd Amendment is on limiting individuals twice elected to the presidency from being elected again. Due to this, several issues could be raised regarding the amendment's meaning and application, especially in relation to the 12th Amendment, ratified in 1804, which states, \"But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States\". While it is clear that under the 12th Amendment the original constitutional qualifications of age, citizenship, and residency apply to both the president and vice president, it is unclear whether someone who is ineligible to be elected president could be elected vice president. Because of this apparent ambiguity, there may be a loophole in the 22nd Amendment whereby a two-term former-president could be elected vice president and then succeed to the presidency as a result of the incumbent's death, resignation, or removal from office (or even succeed to the presidency from some other stated office in the presidential line of succession).",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
},
{
"docid": "70132#17",
"text": "Some argue that the 22nd Amendment and 12th Amendment bar any two-term president from later serving as vice president as well as from succeeding to the presidency from any point in the presidential line of succession. Others contend that the original intent of the 12th Amendment concerns qualification for \"service\" (age, residence, and citizenship), while the 22nd Amendment, concerns qualifications for \"election\", and thus (strictly applying the text) a former two-term president is still eligible to \"serve\" as vice president (neither amendment restricts the number of times an individual can be elected to the vice presidency), and then succeed to the presidency to serve out the balance of the term (though prohibited from running for election to an additional term).",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
},
{
"docid": "70132#2",
"text": "The amendment prohibits any individual who has been elected president twice from being elected again. Under the amendment, an individual who fills an unexpired presidential term lasting greater than two years is also prohibited from winning election as president more than once. Scholars debate whether the amendment prohibits affected individuals from succeeding to the presidency under any circumstances or whether it only applies to presidential elections.",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "70132#14",
"text": "The 22nd Amendment's two-term limit did not apply (due to the grandfather clause in Section 1) to Harry S. Truman, because he was the incumbent president at the time it was proposed by Congress. Truman, who had served nearly all of Franklin D. Roosevelt's unexpired fourth term and who was elected to a full term in 1948, was thus eligible to seek re-election in 1952. However, with his job approval rating floundering at around 27%, and after a poor performance in the 1952 New Hampshire primary, Truman chose not to seek his party's nomination. He theoretically also would have been eligible in later elections.",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
},
{
"docid": "70132#15",
"text": "Since coming into force in 1951, the amendment has applied to six presidents who have been elected twice: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. It has also applied to two who entered office intra-term due to their predecessor's death or resignation: Lyndon B. Johnson and Gerald Ford. Johnson became president in November 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, served out the final of Kennedy's term, and was elected to a full four-year term in 1964. Four years later, he briefly ran for a second full term, but withdrew from the race during the party primaries. Had Johnson served a second full term – through January 20, 1973 – the total length of his presidency would have been ; as it happened, Johnson died two days after this date. Gerald Ford, who became president in August 1974 following the resignation of Richard Nixon, served the final of Nixon's term, and attempted to win a full four-year term in 1976, but was defeated by Jimmy Carter. Johnson was eligible to be elected to two full terms in his own right, as he had served less than two years of Kennedy's unexpired term, whereas Ford was eligible to be elected to only one full term, as he had served more than two years of Nixon's unexpired term.",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
}
] |
[
0.46533203125,
0.3247884213924408,
-0.0970425084233284,
-0.1323649138212204,
-0.2238142192363739,
-0.374267578125,
0.7201606035232544,
-0.3946940004825592,
0.17464382946491241,
0.19757080078125,
-0.5835300087928772,
-0.2912868857383728,
-0.4902614951133728,
0.4363742470741272,
-0.2706977128982544,
0.11731285601854324,
0.3568250834941864,
0.0743035227060318,
-0.1757744699716568,
0.561279296875,
-0.06096988171339035,
0.3976643979549408,
0.0744696706533432,
-0.0680813267827034,
0.2364366352558136,
0.1730617880821228,
-0.2968614399433136,
0.4749891459941864,
0.5846896767616272,
0.24932861328125,
0.2199164479970932,
0.014828152023255825,
-0.0173195730894804,
0.1738756000995636,
-0.4877522885799408,
0.1509907990694046,
0.1657087504863739,
0.02130126953125,
0.1826036274433136,
0.7660048007965088,
0.17158253490924835,
0.4582248330116272,
0.238128662109375,
0.1883748322725296,
0.5893825888633728,
-0.3509521484375,
0.1131218820810318,
-0.145294189453125,
-0.0026041667442768812,
0.3283589780330658,
-0.1848280131816864,
0.0598771832883358,
-0.1239725723862648,
-0.1388363242149353,
-0.7604438066482544,
0.3029920756816864,
-0.2543538510799408,
0.3792182207107544,
0.283312052488327,
-0.3111911416053772,
0.3962131142616272,
0.3006591796875,
0.1362270712852478,
-0.3747829794883728,
0.1890869140625,
0.3730604350566864,
-0.01866912841796875,
0.2867567241191864,
0.1086663156747818,
0.3614366352558136,
0.3840603232383728,
0.3277791440486908,
0.3040093183517456,
0.0511627197265625,
-0.0161624476313591,
0.3087921142578125,
0.1817084401845932,
0.008204142563045025,
0.3246799111366272,
0.0055720009841024876,
0.2152540385723114,
-0.1583285927772522,
-0.2380235493183136,
0.6273871660232544,
-0.2000257670879364,
0.5138346552848816,
-0.1447821706533432,
-0.0886349156498909,
0.18209415674209595,
0.7255316972732544,
-0.2287190705537796,
0.2104932963848114,
0.2575954794883728,
-0.11127027124166489,
-0.1775851845741272,
0.5442979335784912,
0.4867621660232544,
-0.4206271767616272,
0.0970357283949852,
0.0161471888422966,
-0.02812788262963295,
-0.1407809853553772,
-0.1430257111787796,
0.4615614116191864,
0.2742648720741272,
-0.3475918173789978,
-0.2677476704120636,
-0.1857282817363739,
0.0319756418466568,
-0.005939059890806675,
0.3774820864200592,
-0.0657552108168602,
0.2735188901424408,
0.2915310263633728,
-0.1913401335477829,
-0.2364756315946579,
0.2452121376991272,
-0.13934326171875,
-0.2969296872615814,
-0.9248589277267456,
0.1421796977519989,
0.1008521169424057,
-0.17886607348918915,
-0.1658359169960022,
-0.2269694060087204,
-0.12416669726371765,
0.4940049946308136,
-0.3766547441482544,
0.482666015625,
0.2884928286075592,
0.2560068666934967,
0.4882541298866272,
-0.11900075525045395,
0.4468180239200592,
-0.03915150836110115,
0.1096021831035614,
0.30527326464653015,
-0.1134134903550148,
-0.24688127636909485,
-0.4002007246017456,
0.0405002161860466,
-0.4881998598575592,
-0.0864461287856102,
0.8271213173866272,
-0.1923590749502182,
0.1314358115196228,
-0.0642361119389534,
0.2676866352558136,
-0.0906643345952034,
0.2252265065908432,
0.4467909038066864,
0.5581325888633728,
-0.1385091096162796,
0.4886881411075592,
0.1488274484872818,
0.7517903447151184,
0.3615315854549408,
0.3561197817325592,
0.21049584448337555,
-0.0393456369638443,
0.7381184697151184,
0.407470703125,
-0.5079209804534912,
0.0913950577378273,
-0.013607872650027275,
0.0229153111577034,
-0.1134287491440773,
0.4181857705116272,
0.4724934995174408,
-0.0874888077378273,
-0.0353834368288517,
-0.05281596630811691,
-0.12066650390625,
-0.2010430246591568,
0.2688395082950592,
0.1458604633808136,
-0.0732557475566864,
-0.0432518869638443,
0.3178168535232544,
0.1900465190410614,
0.2118326872587204,
0.0011138916015625,
0.21598179638385773,
-0.06087324395775795,
0.4428982138633728,
-0.0409783273935318,
0.059814453125,
0.3129611611366272,
-0.208740234375,
0.1129634752869606,
0.1282857209444046,
-0.010182698257267475,
0.8165690302848816,
-0.0057381521910429,
-0.1283501535654068,
0.3499484658241272,
-0.1447787880897522,
0.4350857138633728,
-0.4909939169883728,
0.5060492753982544,
-0.0587632916867733,
0.0006841023568995297,
-0.3570963442325592,
0.09026125073432922,
0.0778062641620636,
-0.2710232138633728,
0.029336504638195038,
0.1225823312997818,
-0.2691311240196228,
-0.0928243026137352,
0.5255500078201294,
0.13252724707126617,
0.3160875141620636,
0.0660281702876091,
-0.36049991846084595,
0.11728964745998383,
0.1826578825712204,
0.2229343056678772,
0.3813205361366272,
0.0581529401242733,
-0.0998670756816864,
0.1259782612323761,
-0.0833062082529068,
0.1507330983877182,
-0.026203790679574013,
-0.2416263222694397,
0.0909050852060318,
-0.5121527910232544,
0.1412828266620636,
0.4042019248008728,
0.2608303427696228,
0.05776829272508621,
0.4988064169883728,
0.1588592529296875,
0.5712077021598816,
0.2204115092754364,
0.3224962055683136,
0.0666097030043602,
-0.1582065224647522,
0.1737738698720932,
0.1318901926279068,
0.0681593120098114,
0.02362823486328125,
-0.0630679652094841,
0.4003635048866272,
0.1550835520029068,
0.5290934443473816,
-0.0617404505610466,
-0.5417751669883728,
-0.0881754532456398,
0.2649332582950592,
-0.2387288361787796,
0.3140190839767456,
0.0065180459059774876,
-0.1439327597618103,
0.0913289412856102,
0.010219997726380825,
0.1073540598154068,
0.0888417586684227,
0.2321506142616272,
-0.03787146508693695,
0.0501708984375,
0.4252115786075592,
0.3069797158241272,
-0.3477461040019989,
-0.2931043803691864,
0.4402669370174408,
0.4931640625,
-0.05010202154517174,
0.3470730185508728,
0.6865505576133728,
-0.12684716284275055,
0.021510865539312363,
-0.01993815042078495,
-0.23291015625,
-0.0795457661151886,
0.3037109375,
0.3945041298866272,
-0.2501424252986908,
-0.131622314453125,
0.3895399272441864,
-0.4459635317325592,
-0.4396430253982544,
0.6302354335784912,
-0.0829315185546875,
0.5155165195465088,
-0.3227272033691406,
0.0178375244140625,
-0.1397942453622818,
0.024638917297124863,
0.1439700722694397,
0.4582248330116272,
0.2690836489200592,
-0.3177490234375,
0.13699255883693695,
0.1373731791973114,
0.2037217915058136,
0.1679619699716568,
0.3447943925857544,
-0.0892673060297966,
1.0100369453430176,
-0.2937690019607544,
0.1705508828163147,
0.6493055820465088,
0.2924669086933136,
-0.3742404580116272,
0.1849636435508728,
0.7496744990348816,
-0.15935856103897095,
-0.0128767229616642,
0.1689317524433136,
-0.4812554121017456,
-0.2341037392616272,
0.4529893696308136,
0.41259765625,
0.2034505158662796,
0.4388292133808136,
-0.2091166228055954,
0.2242363840341568,
-0.0921596959233284,
-0.2697618305683136,
-0.0606825090944767,
-0.6060655117034912,
-0.2718370258808136,
0.2426215261220932,
-0.1778547465801239,
0.016424814239144325,
-0.2348090261220932,
-0.003528594970703125,
0.02806684747338295,
0.3567098081111908,
0.62548828125,
-0.0337490513920784,
0.0646074116230011,
-0.2205946147441864,
0.445068359375,
-0.3755154013633728,
0.0389895960688591,
-0.1192423477768898,
0.1854044646024704,
-0.02289666049182415,
0.1815253347158432,
-0.0718417689204216,
0.4137641191482544,
0.0539398193359375,
0.0759718120098114,
0.2334526926279068,
0.8251410722732544,
0.1475626677274704,
0.011851416900753975,
-0.2418619841337204,
0.3873155415058136,
-0.0152452252805233,
-0.2227512001991272,
0.71240234375,
0.0402865931391716,
0.5487196445465088,
-0.2276272177696228,
0.4484592080116272,
-0.3119303286075592,
0.1727091521024704,
0.5792643427848816,
-0.385986328125,
0.3277723491191864,
0.2631361186504364,
0.3082546591758728,
0.1312459260225296,
0.1093919575214386,
-0.2813042402267456,
0.3586086630821228,
0.4138454794883728,
-0.20245361328125,
0.1575419157743454,
0.4951443076133728,
-0.1437581330537796,
-0.13177596032619476,
0.03485107421875,
0.3168199360370636,
0.3480631411075592,
0.5088433027267456,
0.1466132253408432,
0.5717502236366272,
0.1455552875995636,
-0.10257169604301453,
-0.2653266191482544,
-0.1839735209941864,
0.1861436665058136,
0.4642333984375,
0.2104424387216568,
0.09022606909275055,
-0.2686767578125,
-0.2597724199295044,
-0.20235644280910492,
0.0182223841547966,
-0.0981767475605011,
-0.005339781288057566,
-0.2343953400850296,
0.4360487163066864,
0.08596505224704742,
-0.4619683027267456,
-0.2178276926279068,
0.50439453125,
0.2062445729970932,
0.4403211772441864,
4.018880367279053,
0.1268022358417511,
0.3484768271446228,
0.12683063745498657,
-0.1634182333946228,
0.1536119282245636,
0.4373372495174408,
-0.6643608808517456,
-0.032321080565452576,
-0.012494404800236225,
-0.0502404123544693,
0.0637902170419693,
-0.1185658797621727,
0.3902994692325592,
-0.075199656188488,
0.1744418740272522,
0.2822943925857544,
0.1678195595741272,
-0.1724344938993454,
0.0531700998544693,
-0.6729872226715088,
0.2596181333065033,
0.1351911723613739,
0.3565741777420044,
0.5808647871017456,
0.2143622487783432,
-0.20285457372665405,
0.1745571494102478,
0.2172309011220932,
0.0217115618288517,
0.3179253339767456,
-0.04442999139428139,
-0.20315657556056976,
-0.1460520476102829,
-0.5674099326133728,
0.0979105606675148,
0.4232313334941864,
0.1218973770737648,
-0.0625135600566864,
0.2126125693321228,
-0.2723253071308136,
0.12991248071193695,
0.1721598356962204,
0.5205891728401184,
0.5170356035232544,
-0.2137451171875,
-0.2848273515701294,
0.4415418803691864,
-0.2887505292892456,
0.6373155117034912,
0.2886148989200592,
-0.0060679116286337376,
0.1642523854970932,
-0.2690972089767456,
0.4070909321308136,
0.4829643964767456,
0.07962290197610855,
0.3937852680683136,
0.19907791912555695,
0.1429511159658432,
-0.2341376394033432,
-0.074462890625,
0.2392798513174057,
-0.0491756871342659,
-0.2587212324142456,
-0.4886067807674408,
0.1976793110370636,
0.5607096552848816,
0.3135918378829956,
-0.3287251889705658,
0.2158389687538147,
0.3070475161075592,
0.15423583984375,
-0.3922797441482544,
0.01535797119140625,
-0.09881146997213364,
-0.5144314169883728,
-0.2298312783241272,
-0.1961330771446228,
-0.02276611328125,
0.1435512900352478,
-0.0660027414560318,
-0.1683620810508728,
-0.02074178121984005,
-0.0786302387714386,
0.3665771484375,
-0.00479804165661335,
-0.10530853271484375,
0.3213772177696228,
0.0245641078799963,
-0.011792500503361225,
-0.1279229074716568,
-0.0575358085334301,
0.3220079243183136,
-0.252197265625,
0.18284691870212555,
-0.06675638258457184,
-4.065972328186035,
0.1688978374004364,
0.460205078125,
-0.1406724750995636,
-0.04376411437988281,
0.0428755022585392,
0.0965779647231102,
-0.07417890429496765,
-0.1173943430185318,
-0.2267727255821228,
0.12933264672756195,
0.4283311665058136,
-0.339599609375,
0.5995008945465088,
-0.010149425826966763,
-0.06362565606832504,
-0.0790473073720932,
-0.0909847691655159,
0.0935160294175148,
-0.08869341015815735,
0.1160142719745636,
0.1795552521944046,
0.4494900107383728,
0.0013190375175327063,
0.3407999575138092,
0.3245171308517456,
0.1050838902592659,
0.016446325927972794,
0.15607622265815735,
0.07938160002231598,
-0.5173611044883728,
0.3413764238357544,
0.3629557192325592,
-0.0871107280254364,
-0.06533156335353851,
0.5360514521598816,
0.1453213095664978,
0.020907508209347725,
0.1980014443397522,
0.3314615786075592,
-0.3350016176700592,
0.4301486611366272,
0.6597764492034912,
0.3072238564491272,
0.1792161762714386,
-0.04885270819067955,
-0.1360338032245636,
0.09416241198778152,
-0.2152031809091568,
0.3144938051700592,
-0.00915654469281435,
0.12531110644340515,
-0.1029137521982193,
0.12836796045303345,
0.2704535722732544,
-0.2643161416053772,
-0.004284752532839775,
-0.1347690224647522,
0.4310709536075592,
0.4077962338924408,
0.6248915195465088,
-0.5099012851715088,
0.1450975239276886,
0.0614454485476017,
0.4584147036075592,
-0.11724387109279633,
0.2341172993183136,
0.06406190991401672,
0.1445176899433136,
-0.3485243022441864,
0.1827968955039978,
-0.0773586705327034,
0.1163533553481102,
-0.4972059428691864,
0.21834394335746765,
0.4208984375,
0.1660342812538147,
-0.0591600202023983,
0.5538465976715088,
0.1055908203125,
-0.3651529848575592,
0.2713216245174408,
-0.4458550214767456,
0.3258327841758728,
2.435655355453491,
0.3736979067325592,
2.0998263359069824,
0.4799262285232544,
0.2747260332107544,
0.3305935263633728,
-0.0017768011894077063,
0.253173828125,
0.1427442729473114,
0.1613498330116272,
0.0685967355966568,
0.1801520437002182,
0.0943993479013443,
0.05068715289235115,
-0.002410888671875,
-0.2580430805683136,
0.3229844868183136,
-0.9044596552848816,
-0.1579250693321228,
-0.4467502236366272,
0.4954155683517456,
0.0910458043217659,
0.1298115998506546,
0.4615071713924408,
0.1515977680683136,
0.15154774487018585,
0.1214582622051239,
-0.09272851049900055,
0.0202017892152071,
-0.2501661479473114,
-0.2880384624004364,
-0.5384114384651184,
0.1676025390625,
-0.1094428151845932,
0.161041259765625,
0.10013580322265625,
-0.0131818987429142,
4.685763835906982,
0.1276652067899704,
-0.05828857421875,
0.0899556502699852,
0.4083387553691864,
0.2779252827167511,
0.4978976845741272,
0.1348961740732193,
-0.0701633021235466,
0.5169677734375,
0.0827263742685318,
0.3931342363357544,
-0.0889858677983284,
-0.20833969116210938,
0.04560936987400055,
0.1664496511220932,
0.1313408762216568,
0.2763265073299408,
-0.2115342915058136,
-0.21307373046875,
0.2737087607383728,
-0.34389835596084595,
0.1594000905752182,
-0.1095784530043602,
0.2036149799823761,
0.013829548843204975,
0.4470757246017456,
-0.1557651162147522,
-0.04529200494289398,
0.2400648295879364,
-0.3235066831111908,
5.449652671813965,
0.2064954936504364,
0.6138237714767456,
-0.0878058522939682,
0.0590362548828125,
0.2512478232383728,
-0.452880859375,
-0.3007134199142456,
0.08966318517923355,
-0.0578681081533432,
0.1188490092754364,
0.27078163623809814,
-0.1330346018075943,
0.2567613422870636,
-0.0833180770277977,
-0.02823893167078495,
-0.2253960520029068,
-0.1618482768535614,
-0.2547200620174408,
-0.2153523713350296,
0.7389865517616272,
-0.13605202734470367,
0.2230055034160614,
-0.5918375849723816,
-0.4358316957950592,
-0.1393042653799057,
0.10448667407035828,
-0.0438385009765625,
-0.0394694022834301,
0.2411092072725296,
0.2881944477558136,
0.2080739289522171,
-0.1944614052772522,
0.2622477114200592,
0.0881466343998909,
0.1877577006816864,
0.4829643964767456,
0.1446872353553772,
0.0771416574716568,
0.003814485389739275,
-0.0906880721449852,
0.3289455771446228,
0.0125579833984375,
0.1709747314453125,
0.0675947368144989,
-0.2057935893535614,
-0.23095703125,
0.1385972797870636,
-0.07232454419136047,
0.0266104806214571,
-0.3125135600566864,
0.2870958149433136,
1.0307074785232544,
0.1758524626493454,
-0.0273403599858284,
0.6412760615348816,
0.1461198627948761,
-0.1620246022939682,
-0.05754068121314049,
-0.0020738178864121437,
-0.12048085778951645,
0.13219960033893585,
0.1306016743183136,
0.5573188066482544,
0.08881060034036636,
0.2832912802696228,
0.5662977695465088,
0.014872657135128975,
0.4273546040058136,
-0.2362128347158432,
-0.1387566477060318,
-0.1408574879169464,
0.04086314141750336,
0.16233570873737335,
-0.2666286826133728,
0.5253363847732544,
0.1826205849647522,
-0.12559720873832703,
0.1008894145488739,
-0.1349826455116272,
-0.03218703716993332,
-0.4128553569316864,
-0.2321980744600296,
0.1695081889629364,
-0.0806138813495636,
0.0398220494389534,
-0.3762885332107544,
-0.03727298229932785,
0.4468180239200592,
0.008212195709347725,
0.2513970136642456,
-0.2532416582107544,
-0.2140163779258728,
-0.0359887033700943,
0.4011637270450592,
0.0702412948012352,
0.04753197729587555,
-0.0197007916867733,
0.2833794355392456,
0.08502303063869476,
-0.5030246376991272,
0.08075099438428879,
0.4635009765625,
-0.0266265869140625,
-0.0206739641726017,
-0.2794867753982544,
0.0762837752699852,
0.04808900132775307,
0.3000691831111908,
0.1933254599571228,
0.3413357138633728,
0.2531602680683136,
0.00348663330078125,
0.3757595419883728,
0.09221334010362625
] |
1958
|
When did American Sign Language develop?
|
[
{
"docid": "1201#3",
"text": "ASL emerged as a language in the American School for the Deaf (ASD), founded in 1817. This school brought together Old French Sign Language, various village sign languages, and home sign systems; ASL was created in this situation of language contact. ASL was influenced by its forerunners but distinct from all of them.",
"title": "American Sign Language"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1201#10",
"text": "The largest group of students during the first seven decades of the school were from Martha's Vineyard, and they brought MVSL with them. There were also 44 students from around Henniker, New Hampshire, and 27 from the Sandy River valley in Maine, each of which had their own village sign language. Other students brought knowledge of their own home signs. Laurent Clerc, the first teacher at ASD, taught using French Sign Language (LSF), which itself had developed in the Parisian school for the deaf established in 1755. From this situation of language contact, a new language emerged, now known as ASL.\nMore schools for the deaf were founded after ASD, and knowledge of ASL spread to these schools. In addition, the rise of Deaf community organizations bolstered the continued use of ASL. Societies such as the National Association of the Deaf and the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf held national conventions that attracted signers from across the country. This all contributed to ASL's wide use over a large geographical area, atypical of a sign language.",
"title": "American Sign Language"
},
{
"docid": "1201#1",
"text": "ASL originated in the early 19th century in the American School for the Deaf (ASD) in Hartford, Connecticut, from a situation of language contact. Since then, ASL use has propagated widely via schools for the deaf and Deaf community organizations. Despite its wide use, no accurate count of ASL users has been taken, though reliable estimates for American ASL users range from 250,000 to 500,000 persons, including a number of children of deaf adults. ASL users face stigma due to beliefs in the superiority of oral language to sign language, compounded by the fact that ASL is often glossed in English due to the lack of a standard writing system.",
"title": "American Sign Language"
},
{
"docid": "1201#4",
"text": "The influence of French Sign Language (LSF) on ASL is readily apparent; for example, it has been found that about 58% of signs in modern ASL are cognate to Old French Sign Language signs. However, this is far less than the standard 80% measure used to determine whether related languages are actually dialects. This suggests that nascent ASL was highly affected by the other signing systems brought by the ASD students, despite the fact that the school's original director Laurent Clerc taught in LSF. In fact, Clerc reported that he often learned the students' signs rather than conveying LSF:\nIt has been proposed that ASL is a creole with LSF as the superstrate language and with the native village sign languages as substrate languages. However, more recent research has shown that modern ASL does not share many of the structural features that characterize creole languages. ASL may have begun as a creole and then undergone structural change over time, but it is also possible that it was never a creole-type language. There are modality-specific reasons that sign languages tend towards agglutination, for example the ability to simultaneously convey information via the face, head, torso, and other body parts. This might override creole characteristics such as the tendency towards isolating morphology. Additionally, Clerc and Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet may have used an artificially constructed form of manually coded language in instruction rather than true LSF.",
"title": "American Sign Language"
},
{
"docid": "1201#15",
"text": "ASL is used throughout Anglo-America. This contrasts with Europe, where a variety of sign languages are used within the same continent. The unique situation of ASL seems to have been caused by the proliferation of ASL through schools influenced by the American School for the Deaf, wherein ASL originated, and the rise of community organizations for the Deaf.",
"title": "American Sign Language"
}
] |
[
0.309814453125,
0.46441650390625,
-0.2294921875,
0.0084058977663517,
0.0429348424077034,
0.04449377954006195,
0.6097548007965088,
-0.3282606303691864,
-0.0730234757065773,
0.4644368588924408,
-0.2617662250995636,
-0.015065510757267475,
-0.3964301347732544,
0.2579616904258728,
-0.340576171875,
-0.1624484658241272,
0.4943576455116272,
0.0529954694211483,
0.06437301635742188,
0.0314381904900074,
0.1689046174287796,
0.5811631679534912,
-0.2464464008808136,
0.0910831019282341,
-0.0414191335439682,
0.2433403879404068,
-0.038127049803733826,
0.11628130078315735,
0.2307908833026886,
0.5076497197151184,
0.4300672709941864,
-0.20858880877494812,
-0.2743428647518158,
0.3330756425857544,
-0.4960395097732544,
0.2603827714920044,
0.2838270366191864,
0.0647345632314682,
-0.06802442669868469,
0.3499060869216919,
-0.1767798513174057,
-0.0754224956035614,
0.16148652136325836,
0.1460316926240921,
-0.018443213775753975,
-0.3527018129825592,
0.014017846435308456,
-0.2946912944316864,
0.1806233674287796,
-0.1863979697227478,
-0.2717556357383728,
-0.3113742470741272,
-0.0759938582777977,
0.10140609741210938,
-0.5352104902267456,
0.7362196445465088,
-0.2013736367225647,
0.6691623330116272,
0.3922933042049408,
0.4857856035232544,
0.3525390625,
-0.0610741525888443,
-0.2722032368183136,
-0.2426893413066864,
0.3271416425704956,
0.0842420756816864,
-0.0442996546626091,
0.3284912109375,
-0.16884252429008484,
0.2864311933517456,
0.014538235031068325,
0.5825737714767456,
0.5928819179534912,
-0.09552785754203796,
-0.3763224184513092,
-0.1142629012465477,
0.00533209927380085,
0.3269178569316864,
0.219970703125,
-0.1972859650850296,
0.4661186933517456,
-0.5398762822151184,
0.2433607280254364,
0.3840603232383728,
-0.3206922709941864,
0.510498046875,
0.0782385915517807,
0.12424299120903015,
0.010746425949037075,
0.4157579243183136,
-0.1714274138212204,
-0.03059895895421505,
0.4168735146522522,
-0.0025499132461845875,
0.1575859934091568,
0.3874918520450592,
0.1729532927274704,
-0.10644277185201645,
0.2852104902267456,
-0.2255723774433136,
-0.2195841521024704,
-0.2464870810508728,
-0.1994900107383728,
0.1794094443321228,
0.0202653668820858,
-0.2736002504825592,
-0.3328315019607544,
-0.09411324560642242,
-0.0145263671875,
0.3863525390625,
0.600830078125,
-0.1732448935508728,
-0.028836144134402275,
-0.23476621508598328,
0.2711825966835022,
0.3955349326133728,
0.5382012128829956,
-0.1360609233379364,
-0.27710235118865967,
-0.7271050214767456,
0.3706597089767456,
0.6071506142616272,
-0.2657877504825592,
-0.5164659023284912,
-0.2978583574295044,
-0.2126736044883728,
0.5557183027267456,
-0.03832753375172615,
0.4512261152267456,
0.6820204257965088,
0.17743004858493805,
-0.0177629254758358,
0.3007270097732544,
0.6713324785232544,
0.3247477114200592,
0.1292487233877182,
0.143402099609375,
-0.4103190004825592,
-0.5952419638633728,
-0.17650434374809265,
-0.0360243059694767,
-0.3892279863357544,
0.5595160722732544,
0.6595866084098816,
-0.2486707866191864,
0.2118055522441864,
0.057609982788562775,
0.5530056357383728,
-0.0944010391831398,
0.1683332622051239,
0.440185546875,
-0.0198186244815588,
-0.0018136766739189625,
0.5221896767616272,
-0.0723673477768898,
0.3165554404258728,
0.4927436113357544,
0.3723008930683136,
-0.07717810571193695,
-0.1721089631319046,
0.6898871660232544,
0.3443467915058136,
0.1915961354970932,
-0.1305677592754364,
-0.0675811767578125,
0.1015726700425148,
-0.2560560405254364,
0.061875659972429276,
0.5767686367034912,
-0.00046035979175940156,
-0.3722466230392456,
-0.2316487580537796,
0.8522135615348816,
0.0556759312748909,
0.2204182893037796,
0.2022433876991272,
-0.3722466230392456,
0.1066318079829216,
0.0061071184463799,
0.2146097868680954,
0.025241004303097725,
0.014789157547056675,
-0.006045871414244175,
-0.0351545549929142,
0.4596896767616272,
0.3458251953125,
-0.0012105306377634406,
-0.3248765766620636,
-0.057609982788562775,
0.2104458212852478,
0.2000630646944046,
0.0402187779545784,
0.6375325322151184,
-0.2227766215801239,
-0.2237548828125,
-0.236105814576149,
-0.1711086630821228,
0.1846143901348114,
0.04146130755543709,
0.3311903178691864,
0.1325276643037796,
0.04610104113817215,
-0.3866102397441864,
0.2480875700712204,
0.2280205637216568,
-0.3824598491191864,
-0.2699042558670044,
0.0559878870844841,
-0.2553439736366272,
0.0457933209836483,
0.2071465402841568,
0.0887010395526886,
0.4169107973575592,
0.416015625,
0.0878228098154068,
0.1344807893037796,
0.2768690288066864,
0.21038818359375,
0.44482421875,
0.1748419851064682,
-0.4341905415058136,
0.7514106035232544,
-0.3644544780254364,
-0.0746782124042511,
0.2156100869178772,
-0.02480400912463665,
-0.3095703125,
-0.3277316689491272,
0.1582539826631546,
0.5253092646598816,
0.4085015058517456,
0.18526966869831085,
0.0739966481924057,
-0.3125339150428772,
0.2325303852558136,
-0.0166202113032341,
0.4521213173866272,
0.0325605608522892,
0.2762315571308136,
-0.15872913599014282,
0.3503960371017456,
0.4363335371017456,
-0.3086751401424408,
-0.5354546308517456,
0.3584526777267456,
-0.2347954660654068,
0.1878662109375,
0.4519992470741272,
-0.0392286516726017,
0.1880832314491272,
0.06584209948778152,
-0.2833930253982544,
0.17753855884075165,
0.4418131411075592,
-0.2059868723154068,
0.07824622094631195,
0.2981906533241272,
0.012971348129212856,
0.2107815146446228,
0.00857686996459961,
0.2116767019033432,
0.3336859941482544,
0.376953125,
0.3722059428691864,
-0.1372358500957489,
-0.0734490305185318,
0.1850246787071228,
0.5144585371017456,
-0.07596935331821442,
0.4822862446308136,
0.4700520932674408,
0.056280773133039474,
0.1197781041264534,
0.3672960102558136,
-0.0600043386220932,
-0.04456329345703125,
-0.1677178293466568,
-0.017825445160269737,
-0.2789306640625,
0.1972300261259079,
0.1700473427772522,
0.092926025390625,
-0.0842522531747818,
0.0320570208132267,
0.6133626103401184,
0.7058647871017456,
-0.3306342363357544,
0.0018141004256904125,
0.13325077295303345,
-0.2102932333946228,
0.1358049213886261,
0.4815673828125,
0.00138452323153615,
-0.2969767153263092,
0.1858656108379364,
-0.06566408276557922,
0.1311611533164978,
-0.3256700336933136,
-0.02553812600672245,
-0.1823933869600296,
0.7443034052848816,
-0.6220703125,
0.1014845073223114,
0.3234998881816864,
0.2454427033662796,
-0.139739990234375,
-0.7127821445465088,
0.0272538922727108,
-0.2735120952129364,
0.3420952558517456,
0.1757676899433136,
-0.3792995810508728,
-0.0213021170347929,
0.4066026508808136,
0.4111056923866272,
0.3507486879825592,
0.1599324494600296,
-0.1696912944316864,
0.4265001118183136,
0.0070961844176054,
0.2499050498008728,
-0.0251473318785429,
-0.3082682192325592,
0.2232259064912796,
0.2814263105392456,
-0.4462178647518158,
0.6122233271598816,
-0.4481065571308136,
0.3298204243183136,
0.114501953125,
0.24160978198051453,
0.4296332597732544,
-0.2114664763212204,
-0.2347412109375,
-0.296875,
0.144256591796875,
0.0986429825425148,
0.3307206928730011,
0.2728813886642456,
-0.0918240025639534,
0.13446171581745148,
-0.2109781950712204,
0.1325480192899704,
0.2567003071308136,
-0.3957383930683136,
0.1030019149184227,
-0.3018527626991272,
0.2916158139705658,
0.2725151777267456,
0.1881442666053772,
0.2567952573299408,
0.2819417417049408,
-0.1249423548579216,
0.2619222104549408,
0.51611328125,
0.3108316957950592,
0.1728091835975647,
0.2195231169462204,
0.2886148989200592,
-0.322998046875,
0.163055419921875,
0.3161078691482544,
0.3031684160232544,
-0.0491960309445858,
0.1780870258808136,
0.4108818769454956,
-0.015774620696902275,
-0.0710093155503273,
0.1894260048866272,
0.2368028461933136,
0.4329155683517456,
0.1444295197725296,
-0.014643669128417969,
-0.0433264821767807,
-0.3257785439491272,
-0.0818888321518898,
-0.2953965961933136,
0.0292061697691679,
0.2839626669883728,
0.1369561105966568,
0.2513698935508728,
0.529052734375,
0.1808607280254364,
-0.1638285368680954,
-0.4755859375,
-0.2630615234375,
-0.1318461149930954,
0.0677676722407341,
0.06581030786037445,
-0.2251519113779068,
0.2209065705537796,
-0.13963614404201508,
-0.2966681718826294,
-0.0388285331428051,
-0.08129649609327316,
-0.0323028564453125,
-0.1820017546415329,
0.5148112177848816,
0.4571940004825592,
0.06127595901489258,
0.04246918484568596,
0.7931857705116272,
0.4902886152267456,
0.1142062097787857,
4.248697757720947,
0.02718832716345787,
0.4172905683517456,
-0.6197102665901184,
-0.1064588725566864,
0.009221394546329975,
0.1309543251991272,
-0.2158169150352478,
-0.03565555065870285,
-0.06964111328125,
0.06701575219631195,
-0.0301174595952034,
-0.0830552875995636,
0.1676618754863739,
-0.1095513254404068,
0.4409993588924408,
0.0321841761469841,
0.09975603222846985,
-0.0674162358045578,
0.2721761167049408,
-0.3530680239200592,
0.3062201738357544,
0.2557237446308136,
0.1395145058631897,
0.4992133378982544,
-0.2925754189491272,
0.3777126669883728,
0.1916571706533432,
0.2809380292892456,
0.008890788070857525,
0.3618435263633728,
0.2326999306678772,
0.3129068911075592,
0.3701985776424408,
-0.54150390625,
0.1036885604262352,
0.5370822548866272,
0.4021199643611908,
0.4126247763633728,
0.0941484272480011,
-0.4265272319316864,
0.12701416015625,
0.4414198100566864,
0.36669921875,
0.1345655620098114,
-0.1767645925283432,
-0.2305094450712204,
0.6106228232383728,
0.1627282053232193,
0.1046956405043602,
0.339599609375,
-0.1144222691655159,
-0.1932644248008728,
-0.2194756418466568,
0.3456895649433136,
0.5411241054534912,
0.02283816784620285,
0.4009467363357544,
-0.10499700158834457,
-0.0944688618183136,
0.07615576684474945,
-0.224884033203125,
0.0238816998898983,
0.0198211669921875,
-0.3019120991230011,
0.1698472797870636,
0.3665500283241272,
0.4738227128982544,
0.33642578125,
-0.00890350341796875,
0.0793863907456398,
0.3543158769607544,
0.1906670480966568,
-0.1958211213350296,
0.1013353168964386,
-0.2237187772989273,
-0.3283284604549408,
0.14581298828125,
0.2342054545879364,
0.13048076629638672,
0.16649788618087769,
-0.3182373046875,
0.1927151083946228,
0.1270209401845932,
0.01315901055932045,
0.5641818642616272,
-0.12970034778118134,
-0.3343370258808136,
0.4817436933517456,
-0.0402069091796875,
0.0875142440199852,
0.1241726353764534,
0.0796424001455307,
-0.2408803254365921,
0.6637369990348816,
-0.0727979838848114,
0.3875800371170044,
-3.953558921813965,
0.2803751528263092,
0.3111029863357544,
0.2183329313993454,
0.1011759415268898,
-0.2555609941482544,
0.3201633095741272,
-0.1531321257352829,
-0.1592644602060318,
0.0640546977519989,
-0.23428863286972046,
0.3251410722732544,
-0.1578776091337204,
0.3214179277420044,
-0.02218490093946457,
0.07116445153951645,
0.4112277626991272,
0.03048250451683998,
0.3249376118183136,
-0.1598561555147171,
-0.2425401508808136,
0.1325734406709671,
0.21847788989543915,
-0.24424998462200165,
0.3770345151424408,
-0.014919704757630825,
0.4408908486366272,
-0.1265055388212204,
0.6592068076133728,
-0.0353376604616642,
-0.1809963583946228,
0.10144911706447601,
0.5412055253982544,
-0.2178887277841568,
0.3863118588924408,
0.4006212055683136,
0.318695068359375,
-0.2799886167049408,
0.3674587607383728,
0.1899176687002182,
-0.2001003623008728,
0.2092624306678772,
0.21875,
-0.0169525146484375,
-0.00441826693713665,
0.0528225377202034,
-0.21742650866508484,
-0.0430840402841568,
0.1367051899433136,
-0.006442599929869175,
0.2602267861366272,
0.2855800986289978,
-0.2112358957529068,
0.1534050852060318,
0.2990180253982544,
0.0915662944316864,
-0.1765814870595932,
0.4185112714767456,
0.2087741494178772,
0.3398573100566864,
0.2971327006816864,
-0.5301377773284912,
0.1335822194814682,
0.2181922048330307,
0.2601521909236908,
-0.14276377856731415,
-0.3341200053691864,
0.6467013955116272,
0.3478868305683136,
-0.4685634970664978,
0.2157524973154068,
-0.2776285707950592,
0.1841566264629364,
0.015178256668150425,
0.25152587890625,
0.3518608808517456,
-0.0754428431391716,
-0.3074679970741272,
0.5459526777267456,
0.3377007246017456,
0.0379452183842659,
0.2507832944393158,
-0.4234754741191864,
0.2017686665058136,
2.205186605453491,
0.1463673859834671,
2.131293296813965,
0.4229600727558136,
-0.1341722309589386,
0.3439127504825592,
-0.2473280131816864,
-0.10711458325386047,
0.0837724506855011,
-0.4217936098575592,
0.2327304482460022,
-0.0321824811398983,
0.1004689559340477,
0.0827585831284523,
-0.2864210307598114,
0.00968085415661335,
0.2395528107881546,
-0.8436957597732544,
-0.0236782506108284,
-0.202362060546875,
0.3706325888633728,
-0.07216760516166687,
-0.3058132529258728,
-0.10848943144083023,
0.17517682909965515,
0.011868264526128769,
-0.010121663101017475,
0.037643007934093475,
0.2196248322725296,
-0.0597890205681324,
0.1378580778837204,
-0.4357096254825592,
0.3483344316482544,
0.1154446080327034,
-0.0254482701420784,
0.3569064736366272,
0.07646942138671875,
4.694878578186035,
0.0987955704331398,
-0.0681169331073761,
-0.2141791433095932,
0.4906955361366272,
-0.0216835867613554,
0.452392578125,
0.1277262419462204,
0.2274305522441864,
0.2264404296875,
0.5052626132965088,
0.1148698627948761,
-0.4699435830116272,
0.1332634836435318,
0.0018581814365461469,
-0.03307681530714035,
-0.02436033822596073,
0.0437266044318676,
0.1201341450214386,
0.13454455137252808,
0.2268473356962204,
-0.03816286846995354,
0.2734781801700592,
-0.015606138855218887,
-0.1551700234413147,
0.12042999267578125,
0.4189537763595581,
-0.3756103515625,
-0.0499793142080307,
0.3232150673866272,
0.21417236328125,
5.45703125,
-0.3577745258808136,
0.3165012001991272,
-0.05207570269703865,
-0.1617262065410614,
0.3024224042892456,
-0.2029825896024704,
0.31884765625,
-0.3412272036075592,
-0.08934614062309265,
-0.2510715126991272,
-0.2797376811504364,
-0.1915791779756546,
0.5673014521598816,
0.5027669072151184,
0.5873481035232544,
-0.041527893394231796,
-0.3102620542049408,
0.3232896625995636,
-0.1696743369102478,
0.16976165771484375,
-0.010599772445857525,
0.4107801616191864,
-0.5218369960784912,
-0.2035624235868454,
-0.2630276083946228,
-0.00930107943713665,
0.1819220632314682,
-0.11328993737697601,
-0.1883816123008728,
0.2465955913066864,
0.1514621376991272,
-0.2722100019454956,
0.1681857705116272,
-0.2283596396446228,
0.2841932475566864,
0.1625620573759079,
-0.0986582413315773,
0.3531629741191864,
0.0979580357670784,
0.3546278178691864,
0.4379340410232544,
-0.24213197827339172,
-0.0853949636220932,
0.0455898717045784,
0.1183302104473114,
-0.1596713662147522,
0.20452880859375,
0.1968654990196228,
-0.1781717985868454,
-0.1974114328622818,
-0.0445285364985466,
0.9040256142616272,
0.068450927734375,
0.1794704794883728,
0.2446967214345932,
-0.06184811145067215,
0.15012401342391968,
-0.2321370393037796,
-0.2715793251991272,
0.2065836638212204,
0.04600100964307785,
-0.3379991352558136,
0.6190863847732544,
0.3764377236366272,
0.2793239951133728,
0.2714979350566864,
-0.0150917898863554,
0.5083279013633728,
-0.3972981870174408,
-0.0710703507065773,
0.2348293662071228,
-0.1221652552485466,
0.3479275107383728,
-0.0630272775888443,
-0.07032182812690735,
0.2527533769607544,
-0.1674296110868454,
0.09567175805568695,
0.2456325888633728,
-0.1708407998085022,
-0.3810221254825592,
-0.2918022871017456,
0.06786240637302399,
-0.0728200301527977,
-0.02890438586473465,
-0.02297041192650795,
-0.1768866628408432,
0.1332363486289978,
-0.1436564177274704,
0.11804284155368805,
0.0619879812002182,
-0.13800048828125,
0.2044270783662796,
0.04499392956495285,
0.4701606035232544,
0.1693793386220932,
0.09985075891017914,
0.0467987060546875,
0.1156667098402977,
-0.1025187149643898,
0.2963595986366272,
-0.1603664755821228,
0.06665505468845367,
0.2057698518037796,
-0.1594289094209671,
-0.026092953979969025,
0.07834058254957199,
0.3438500165939331,
0.011424170807003975,
0.4883354902267456,
0.4632161557674408,
-0.1810167133808136,
-0.1472405344247818,
-0.0394863560795784
] |
1959
|
What is the circumference of the planet Earth?
|
[
{
"docid": "59216757#10",
"text": "Both the metre and the nautical mile were originally defined as a subdivision of the Earth's circumference; today the circumference around the poles is almost exactly 40,000 km and 360 × 60 nautical miles long.",
"title": "Earth's circumference"
},
{
"docid": "59216757#2",
"text": "In modern times it has been used to define fundamental units of measurement of length – the nautical mile in the seventeenth century and the metre in the eighteenth. Earth's polar circumference is almost exactly 40,000 km because the metre was originally calibrated on this measurement (1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator), which is almost exactly 21,600 nautical miles (being defined as one minute of a degree – i.e. 360 multiplied by 60).",
"title": "Earth's circumference"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "59216757#0",
"text": "Earth's circumference is the distance around the Earth, either around the equator () or around the poles ().",
"title": "Earth's circumference"
}
] |
[
0.4932391941547394,
0.42747145891189575,
-0.2666015625,
0.013407194055616856,
-0.159088134765625,
-0.26591140031814575,
0.24653743207454681,
-0.2686861455440521,
0.2245248705148697,
0.5235501527786255,
-0.39593034982681274,
-0.058685302734375,
-0.0714762732386589,
-0.30120378732681274,
-0.1961435228586197,
0.06618881225585938,
0.2650240361690521,
0.008442805148661137,
-0.26904296875,
0.03818688169121742,
-0.21863262355327606,
0.3531869649887085,
0.1636117845773697,
0.15869140625,
0.07404268532991409,
0.38673752546310425,
-0.5811110138893127,
0.2991192042827606,
0.05215512961149216,
0.35952523350715637,
0.26479867100715637,
-0.2419809252023697,
0.10336332768201828,
0.2517559230327606,
-0.19048836827278137,
0.21722881495952606,
0.19334529340267181,
-0.09631875902414322,
0.4542142450809479,
0.2909710109233856,
0.08651557564735413,
0.2421029955148697,
0.10540302097797394,
-0.1700063794851303,
0.1644521802663803,
-0.06308452785015106,
0.08760892599821091,
0.22869873046875,
-0.010449335910379887,
0.3189227879047394,
-0.21673583984375,
0.33957144618034363,
0.24777457118034363,
-0.16894061863422394,
-0.12772369384765625,
0.14807143807411194,
0.20244891941547394,
0.64013671875,
-0.06874553859233856,
0.39801025390625,
0.06814222782850266,
0.0910298302769661,
-0.19198139011859894,
0.09702946245670319,
-0.2801138162612915,
0.3053682744503021,
-0.04189388453960419,
-0.11042433232069016,
0.0324193499982357,
0.1708749681711197,
0.021421579644083977,
0.36427658796310425,
0.2755220830440521,
0.22441218793392181,
0.028081746771931648,
-0.5478327870368958,
0.15323111414909363,
0.08806903660297394,
0.639967679977417,
-0.23231858015060425,
0.436279296875,
0.18424518406391144,
-0.39971452951431274,
-0.16066330671310425,
-0.23786456882953644,
0.4871732294559479,
0.09606111794710159,
0.23467078804969788,
0.2820199728012085,
0.46612077951431274,
0.21830867230892181,
0.3692720830440521,
0.11402999609708786,
0.04727701097726822,
0.17835880815982819,
0.2084435671567917,
0.29110953211784363,
-0.4112642705440521,
-0.2445068359375,
-0.18061476945877075,
-0.12365957349538803,
-0.3063119649887085,
-0.010578742250800133,
0.6382962465286255,
0.14507117867469788,
-0.25006574392318726,
-0.12492957711219788,
-0.03467879071831703,
0.3712909519672394,
0.2552114725112915,
-0.10611842572689056,
-0.06241431459784508,
0.595947265625,
0.03085855394601822,
0.23256389796733856,
0.10856041312217712,
0.01820138841867447,
-0.1516488939523697,
-0.4009305536746979,
-0.777418851852417,
0.4369365870952606,
-0.011320261284708977,
-0.34788161516189575,
0.1702200025320053,
0.11646211892366409,
0.14277972280979156,
0.6243614554405212,
-0.2903677225112915,
0.6263521909713745,
0.17127403616905212,
-0.09351114183664322,
0.42694562673568726,
0.6105393767356873,
0.5520958304405212,
0.07178996503353119,
0.5775240659713745,
0.16445159912109375,
-0.038837727159261703,
0.01587926410138607,
-0.4268892705440521,
-0.4231426417827606,
0.3427264988422394,
-0.24078838527202606,
0.30890128016471863,
-0.3264911472797394,
0.202880859375,
0.2905367314815521,
0.49579328298568726,
0.3380502462387085,
0.19544631242752075,
0.12227073311805725,
0.18446232378482819,
-0.27846115827560425,
0.43865495920181274,
0.08396554738283157,
0.23885872960090637,
0.6724571585655212,
0.2535940408706665,
0.133758544921875,
0.09699659794569016,
0.751539945602417,
0.3325289189815521,
0.021231431514024734,
0.013326792046427727,
0.08291362226009369,
0.008111219853162766,
0.0020314729772508144,
0.24652335047721863,
0.4391714334487915,
-0.08977567404508591,
-0.3626802861690521,
0.2645028829574585,
0.09160907566547394,
-0.3865872919559479,
0.17690101265907288,
-0.028043894097208977,
-0.44342511892318726,
-0.016086945310235023,
0.34650129079818726,
0.14196895062923431,
0.03121185302734375,
0.2622821629047394,
-0.22934752702713013,
-0.40860220789909363,
0.5383113026618958,
0.1378173828125,
0.2440185546875,
-0.3649432957172394,
-0.09903071820735931,
-0.16831852495670319,
0.19782432913780212,
-0.09316429495811462,
0.5996469259262085,
-0.26416015625,
-0.19613882899284363,
0.24017803370952606,
0.32286423444747925,
0.19975398480892181,
-0.2506502568721771,
0.08391981571912766,
0.09194124490022659,
-0.16505549848079681,
-0.21750113368034363,
0.21315354108810425,
0.5940129160881042,
-0.23431865870952606,
0.11237511038780212,
0.044552143663167953,
-0.3259183466434479,
-0.16870293021202087,
0.13758262991905212,
0.0845295861363411,
0.45977312326431274,
-0.16929039359092712,
-0.5890925526618958,
0.2919170558452606,
-0.05713213235139847,
-0.1908610463142395,
0.5335693359375,
0.19146728515625,
-0.2432861328125,
0.24973708391189575,
0.08207820355892181,
-0.3370267450809479,
0.05055911839008331,
-0.07944899052381516,
-0.44240158796310425,
-0.5956092476844788,
0.20185264945030212,
0.4434720575809479,
0.5499173402786255,
0.3900287449359894,
-0.15312781929969788,
-0.1094963401556015,
0.3429048955440521,
0.5806039571762085,
0.027326731011271477,
0.1913381665945053,
0.0014563340228050947,
-0.04762091860175133,
0.09856943041086197,
-0.11181288212537766,
-0.10318462550640106,
-0.057506415992975235,
0.4008413553237915,
0.028652595356106758,
0.6104173064231873,
0.2331167310476303,
-0.3272611200809479,
-0.17337271571159363,
0.03723203390836716,
-0.34750601649284363,
0.018111009150743484,
0.47096604108810425,
-0.22158578038215637,
0.21898005902767181,
0.6524564027786255,
-0.06401722133159637,
-0.03515390306711197,
0.25203293561935425,
0.469970703125,
0.20591266453266144,
0.1421385556459427,
0.5204514861106873,
-0.2141183763742447,
-0.2551645040512085,
0.19769522547721863,
0.4905160665512085,
-0.09447068721055984,
0.04498885199427605,
0.26227277517318726,
-0.07997600734233856,
0.06317138671875,
0.2144399732351303,
-0.20905010402202606,
-0.07844425737857819,
0.13167160749435425,
0.11825679242610931,
-0.34213492274284363,
0.013027410954236984,
0.3129788935184479,
-0.09191190451383591,
-0.10815664380788803,
-0.4048696756362915,
-0.15565726161003113,
0.5083383321762085,
-0.4427114725112915,
-0.37253981828689575,
-0.2225341796875,
0.21893779933452606,
0.2546292841434479,
0.46946364641189575,
0.08147019892930984,
-0.27864426374435425,
0.3793804347515106,
0.37119704484939575,
-0.23946908116340637,
0.05593813210725784,
0.42050406336784363,
0.07051027566194534,
0.634033203125,
-0.2720477879047394,
0.5003944039344788,
0.4169076681137085,
0.1358102709054947,
-0.070302814245224,
-0.08272875100374222,
0.211700439453125,
-0.20182918012142181,
0.14714519679546356,
-0.006688631605356932,
-0.3020395040512085,
-0.05663240700960159,
0.10804630815982819,
0.3045184910297394,
0.40255972743034363,
0.1296580731868744,
-0.10212531685829163,
0.37331682443618774,
0.14625667035579681,
-0.22803673148155212,
-0.060550395399332047,
-0.18390361964702606,
-0.05742938816547394,
-0.12510798871517181,
-0.08932964503765106,
0.14679893851280212,
0.0052509307861328125,
0.25210806727409363,
0.27566292881965637,
0.18355736136436462,
0.6320613026618958,
-0.38656851649284363,
-0.08009456098079681,
-0.17820857465267181,
0.36974626779556274,
-0.4383685886859894,
0.6494328379631042,
0.24102841317653656,
-0.2830575704574585,
-0.09949258714914322,
0.12493427097797394,
0.15223811566829681,
0.3701547384262085,
0.05392184481024742,
0.3124154806137085,
-0.5247896909713745,
-0.022933373227715492,
0.513840913772583,
-0.2985745966434479,
-0.12349055707454681,
0.13392169773578644,
-0.09626065939664841,
-0.015325693413615227,
0.11244905740022659,
0.15161602199077606,
0.08563760668039322,
0.3960806131362915,
0.2844707667827606,
-0.20705002546310425,
0.05677582696080208,
0.10338064283132553,
-0.007659618742763996,
-0.16434890031814575,
0.6955754160881042,
0.10327735543251038,
-0.25833365321159363,
-0.2887103855609894,
0.16593581438064575,
0.15931056439876556,
0.25152587890625,
-0.05315963923931122,
0.11965707689523697,
0.2969501316547394,
-0.36444562673568726,
-0.2570049464702606,
-0.07797358930110931,
0.31280988454818726,
0.49876052141189575,
0.13676570355892181,
0.2023773193359375,
0.6297325491905212,
0.09387676417827606,
0.11590576171875,
-0.04683157056570053,
-0.2662822902202606,
-0.02157358080148697,
0.3272611200809479,
-0.3075045049190521,
-0.061634209007024765,
0.3152301609516144,
-0.3213735818862915,
0.11509822309017181,
0.042273007333278656,
-0.27654558420181274,
-0.1548532396554947,
0.27823111414909363,
-0.18902118504047394,
0.2718599736690521,
-0.3147817850112915,
0.16162227094173431,
0.164093017578125,
0.4422701299190521,
0.29445236921310425,
4.102463722229004,
0.05982707068324089,
0.016028184443712234,
-0.0071962797082960606,
-0.10151790082454681,
0.6341646909713745,
0.6526254415512085,
-0.2588336765766144,
0.16029240190982819,
-0.08028940111398697,
-0.17008854448795319,
0.2104726880788803,
-0.10616302490234375,
0.055759135633707047,
-0.022307762876152992,
0.16925987601280212,
0.14873112738132477,
0.553391695022583,
-0.3856107294559479,
0.2919217646121979,
-0.38564828038215637,
0.25526899099349976,
0.19496037065982819,
0.3317495584487915,
0.14667217433452606,
-0.2950533330440521,
0.2462392896413803,
0.042618971318006516,
0.4585336446762085,
0.07599111646413803,
0.3277681767940521,
-0.024891193956136703,
0.1759267896413803,
0.013403489254415035,
-0.6579214334487915,
0.2834848165512085,
0.25368088483810425,
-0.22187218070030212,
0.10875056684017181,
0.10072913765907288,
-0.2566763162612915,
0.5384427309036255,
0.38889724016189575,
0.330322265625,
0.29905349016189575,
0.16818472743034363,
0.2895272970199585,
0.32371169328689575,
-0.31158918142318726,
0.3669902980327606,
0.11788001656532288,
-0.04760727658867836,
-0.05312816798686981,
0.03667163848876953,
0.5030611753463745,
0.433837890625,
0.13058941066265106,
0.4595853388309479,
-0.15723536908626556,
-0.2638690769672394,
0.013398976996541023,
-0.536865234375,
0.6317983865737915,
-0.005687053315341473,
-0.4488008916378021,
-0.021068425849080086,
0.09744350612163544,
0.4912109375,
0.22593101859092712,
-0.22710712254047394,
0.19613882899284363,
0.40159255266189575,
0.22980205714702606,
-0.05687824636697769,
0.08902564644813538,
-0.16999229788780212,
-0.37860578298568726,
0.09784580767154694,
0.24237060546875,
-0.05907711759209633,
0.12518280744552612,
-0.39697265625,
-0.3117300271987915,
0.0010106012923642993,
-0.20463210344314575,
0.5253342986106873,
0.37897491455078125,
-0.14775994420051575,
0.3546893894672394,
0.018797654658555984,
0.4829477071762085,
-0.32667893171310425,
0.3176175653934479,
0.25265738368034363,
-0.520188570022583,
-0.10420579463243484,
-0.12981708347797394,
-4.022986888885498,
0.3088754415512085,
0.25161507725715637,
0.023955125361680984,
-0.056428175419569016,
-0.090728759765625,
-0.2736299932003021,
0.09411151707172394,
-0.31724196672439575,
0.291526198387146,
-0.08500143140554428,
0.03495201840996742,
-0.10329261422157288,
0.4635103642940521,
-0.10617534816265106,
-0.03540867939591408,
-0.0575464703142643,
0.07280496507883072,
0.46322867274284363,
-0.10019977390766144,
0.07180082052946091,
0.11720628291368484,
0.6384652853012085,
-0.21849647164344788,
0.23196762800216675,
-0.051715556532144547,
0.05272968113422394,
-0.306884765625,
0.23732948303222656,
-0.19682663679122925,
-0.45611101388931274,
-0.09647075831890106,
0.7379432320594788,
-0.16126427054405212,
0.2723623514175415,
0.48679763078689575,
0.4394625127315521,
0.43930289149284363,
0.496337890625,
0.5268366932868958,
-0.012782170437276363,
-0.08417844772338867,
0.44882437586784363,
-0.2652494013309479,
0.14797504246234894,
0.3175894021987915,
-0.5732797384262085,
0.36212158203125,
0.3892728388309479,
-0.16252018511295319,
0.3721078634262085,
0.3830660283565521,
-0.23169414699077606,
0.10094745457172394,
0.761643648147583,
-0.33785775303840637,
0.03374774754047394,
0.18375103175640106,
0.44024187326431274,
0.11855726689100266,
0.05102069675922394,
0.03960594907402992,
0.20682936906814575,
0.14021770656108856,
-0.1433481127023697,
-0.13230368494987488,
0.07266822457313538,
0.3579007685184479,
0.19761306047439575,
-0.5970083475112915,
0.2542818486690521,
-0.13439472019672394,
0.38837140798568726,
-0.17728130519390106,
0.03237210959196091,
0.21299625933170319,
-0.055006761103868484,
0.10857450217008591,
0.482666015625,
-0.18908309936523438,
0.128030925989151,
-0.16920940577983856,
-0.24730975925922394,
0.3171292841434479,
2.340895414352417,
0.35104605555534363,
2.067983865737915,
0.24137526750564575,
0.11905611306428909,
0.37261492013931274,
-0.3716900050640106,
0.3048940896987915,
-0.04009950906038284,
0.05526968091726303,
0.12349876761436462,
0.3816763162612915,
-0.06407283246517181,
-0.0395757220685482,
0.3671405613422394,
0.016216792166233063,
0.3665865361690521,
-0.8102839589118958,
-0.27539122104644775,
0.15877826511859894,
0.1412118822336197,
0.177825927734375,
-0.04359450563788414,
0.4556509256362915,
-0.3570697605609894,
0.03128345310688019,
-0.08102299273014069,
-0.18093636631965637,
-0.08862319588661194,
-0.18001380562782288,
0.3851224482059479,
0.22357647120952606,
0.41892653703689575,
0.32748648524284363,
0.13803569972515106,
0.06864723563194275,
0.08147430419921875,
4.674278736114502,
0.03180870786309242,
-0.11780137568712234,
0.01987314224243164,
0.09992042183876038,
0.08301954716444016,
0.3144061863422394,
-0.22129704058170319,
0.15786507725715637,
0.27373796701431274,
0.20587040483951569,
-0.22819636762142181,
0.28107160329818726,
0.019672980532050133,
-0.018213124945759773,
0.24134239554405212,
0.4456035792827606,
0.06372833251953125,
0.31885001063346863,
-0.14775437116622925,
0.16201752424240112,
0.031284037977457047,
0.2189096361398697,
0.03203406557440758,
0.07344847172498703,
0.13702392578125,
-0.059192657470703125,
-0.5202824473381042,
-0.07187593728303909,
0.4761493504047394,
0.12997499108314514,
5.510216236114502,
0.023906413465738297,
0.36587288975715637,
0.005908672697842121,
0.2520376443862915,
0.19542987644672394,
-0.11536339670419693,
0.13304373621940613,
-0.48830002546310425,
-0.043624069541692734,
0.016432542353868484,
-0.07129793614149094,
0.1176743134856224,
0.3821552097797394,
0.20635516941547394,
0.23978599905967712,
0.029543070122599602,
-0.23259089887142181,
0.32177734375,
-0.18700233101844788,
0.36776968836784363,
0.22384878993034363,
0.39272835850715637,
-0.03603891283273697,
-0.03827608376741409,
-0.4689565896987915,
0.11001189053058624,
0.5719088315963745,
-0.4961313009262085,
-0.15066058933734894,
0.176513671875,
-0.142120361328125,
-0.16389816999435425,
0.5485652089118958,
-0.14161917567253113,
0.38837140798568726,
0.6703726053237915,
-0.0727115049958229,
0.28603890538215637,
0.023084640502929688,
0.04628577455878258,
0.4679048955440521,
-0.5207895040512085,
0.24537307024002075,
-0.36700910329818726,
-0.2777850925922394,
-0.23517315089702606,
-0.05949622020125389,
0.018778251484036446,
0.15608097612857819,
0.48306038975715637,
0.07325883954763412,
1.01123046875,
0.02035992033779621,
0.33908432722091675,
0.40040940046310425,
-0.20033381879329681,
-0.014639047905802727,
0.2665499150753021,
0.21742600202560425,
0.4658954441547394,
0.11536113917827606,
0.06296715140342712,
0.42808181047439575,
0.3096548318862915,
0.27322623133659363,
0.4587777853012085,
0.04102266579866409,
0.3745868504047394,
0.14689518511295319,
-0.20273062586784363,
-0.3736478388309479,
0.1266855150461197,
-0.4039306640625,
-0.06501887738704681,
0.05693758279085159,
-0.19029587507247925,
-0.02388044446706772,
0.08993764966726303,
0.33822867274284363,
-0.15491896867752075,
-0.44912484288215637,
-0.22364455461502075,
-0.3803617060184479,
-0.029788676649332047,
-0.1693655103445053,
-0.5325833559036255,
0.1503780037164688,
0.34765625,
-0.09320068359375,
0.09678708761930466,
-0.3175894021987915,
0.11493389308452606,
0.41025954484939575,
-0.4105318486690521,
0.3862680196762085,
0.3778921365737915,
0.1263204663991928,
-0.27134352922439575,
0.45684343576431274,
0.26329392194747925,
0.20638920366764069,
0.2222665697336197,
0.09645902365446091,
0.24692946672439575,
0.13051429390907288,
-0.04621388390660286,
-0.2607797384262085,
-0.15525494515895844,
0.28521257638931274,
0.5197566151618958,
0.31023699045181274,
-0.10868600755929947,
0.24737079441547394,
-0.04331882297992706
] |
1960
|
How many iterations of the DS have been released?
|
[
{
"docid": "41338204#3",
"text": "Throughout its lifetime, Sony's PlayStation Portable has been the main market competitor. There have been four different models of the Nintendo DS line on the market: the original Nintendo DS, the Nintendo DS Lite, as well as the Nintendo DSi and its XL variant. The Nintendo DS line has been highly successful, continuing the trend of its predecessor, the Game Boy line. With over 154 million units sold worldwide, the DS models are the best-selling handheld consoles, and second best-selling console overall behind the PlayStation 2.",
"title": "Nintendo DS family"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "41338204#8",
"text": "The Nintendo DSi (abbreviated to DSi) is a dual-screen handheld game console released by Nintendo. The console launched in Japan on November 1, 2008, and worldwide beginning in April 2009. It is the third iteration of the Nintendo DS, and its primary market rival is Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP). Development of the DSi began in late 2006, and the handheld was unveiled during an October 2008 Nintendo conference in Tokyo. Consumer demand convinced Nintendo to produce a slimmer handheld with larger screens than the DS Lite. Consequently, Nintendo removed the Game Boy Advance (GBA) cartridge slot to improve portability without sacrificing durability.",
"title": "Nintendo DS family"
}
] |
[
0.47402718663215637,
-0.009893123991787434,
-0.2567514181137085,
0.2657095193862915,
-0.021869365125894547,
0.41518929600715637,
0.44794172048568726,
-0.3168193995952606,
0.030429253354668617,
0.23033729195594788,
-0.2420516312122345,
-0.19812950491905212,
-0.30714768171310425,
-0.25925856828689575,
0.22420795261859894,
0.11325777322053909,
0.41860726475715637,
-0.11035919189453125,
-0.3217022120952606,
0.2022329419851303,
-0.3604642450809479,
0.739670991897583,
-0.04640726000070572,
0.0501251220703125,
-0.09076866507530212,
-0.1576571762561798,
-0.33745867013931274,
0.23472243547439575,
-0.071685791015625,
0.47427132725715637,
0.13894829154014587,
-0.12469364702701569,
-0.3124624490737915,
0.5007511973381042,
-0.522999107837677,
0.3615628778934479,
-0.22425960004329681,
-0.30283766984939575,
-0.145660400390625,
0.13688190281391144,
-0.13793593645095825,
0.06673900783061981,
0.21497520804405212,
-0.32960861921310425,
0.6952279806137085,
0.1499868482351303,
-0.2881986200809479,
-0.27916306257247925,
0.21691776812076569,
0.29754167795181274,
-0.1755746752023697,
-0.29513314366340637,
-0.09967041015625,
-0.34882062673568726,
-0.14599609375,
0.5042442679405212,
-0.43165940046310425,
0.10622934252023697,
0.06290494650602341,
-0.07274451851844788,
0.1349111646413803,
-0.029380211606621742,
-0.28180402517318726,
-0.016160231083631516,
-0.41094499826431274,
0.07383845746517181,
-0.12114891409873962,
0.10115931928157806,
-0.20948909223079681,
0.30634015798568726,
0.09101398289203644,
0.6373196840286255,
0.6432166695594788,
0.24866896867752075,
-0.3902822732925415,
-0.2966777980327606,
0.07160890847444534,
0.38791128993034363,
0.24958214163780212,
0.1447671800851822,
0.642409086227417,
-0.0806538537144661,
-0.3010394871234894,
0.055479783564805984,
-0.03203076496720314,
0.57861328125,
0.011866643093526363,
0.07489835470914841,
0.06793388724327087,
0.3734224736690521,
0.05520160496234894,
-0.035172682255506516,
0.18982169032096863,
0.033123310655355453,
-0.0612737201154232,
0.5092210173606873,
0.12736746668815613,
-0.5452693104743958,
-0.04929909482598305,
0.04421204701066017,
0.06944099068641663,
-0.2927339971065521,
0.007503802888095379,
0.19383122026920319,
0.24153488874435425,
-0.3405386209487915,
-0.2959829568862915,
-0.034834347665309906,
-0.121063232421875,
0.5289588570594788,
0.27011343836784363,
0.0006145697552710772,
0.12986506521701813,
0.14201237261295319,
0.09370187669992447,
-0.07954172044992447,
0.3707263767719269,
-0.10162559151649475,
-0.29302215576171875,
-0.9831355214118958,
0.4615009129047394,
0.3683612644672394,
-0.26288312673568726,
-0.15179795026779175,
0.08866618573665619,
-0.015562791377305984,
0.6353665590286255,
-0.18004901707172394,
0.8380784392356873,
0.4621957540512085,
-0.020195594057440758,
0.4646841287612915,
0.507004976272583,
0.7057542204856873,
0.3253925144672394,
0.15263308584690094,
0.2953350245952606,
-0.004256028216332197,
-0.29595711827278137,
-0.10442880541086197,
0.04316139221191406,
-0.24378380179405212,
0.29346174001693726,
0.527512788772583,
0.002552325837314129,
-0.060507260262966156,
0.050586335361003876,
0.543381929397583,
-0.057405177503824234,
0.49838492274284363,
0.27615121006965637,
0.027774516493082047,
-0.10972242802381516,
0.5080754160881042,
-0.03343024477362633,
0.08747511357069016,
0.33581307530403137,
0.09056590497493744,
0.21592830121517181,
0.3459642827510834,
0.6990684866905212,
0.34214431047439575,
-0.09237905591726303,
-0.16053654253482819,
0.03591214865446091,
0.24638953804969788,
-0.016041792929172516,
0.6459022164344788,
0.49220627546310425,
-0.2224966138601303,
0.02861785888671875,
0.16425088047981262,
0.06665860861539841,
0.08601775765419006,
0.2126840502023697,
0.29779523611068726,
-0.03029632568359375,
-0.21413949131965637,
0.4106914699077606,
0.24260066449642181,
0.3761831521987915,
0.1455765813589096,
0.2015116810798645,
-0.08904159814119339,
0.623854398727417,
0.23297588527202606,
-0.070556640625,
0.07977119088172913,
-0.25658708810806274,
0.03089670091867447,
0.4867412745952606,
0.34678298234939575,
0.7174354195594788,
-0.033176127821207047,
-0.11787296831607819,
-0.11579719185829163,
-0.3569429814815521,
0.5506967306137085,
-0.2778695821762085,
0.10784208029508591,
-0.1311880201101303,
0.11241252720355988,
-0.22246316075325012,
0.09618575870990753,
0.3670748174190521,
-0.1465219408273697,
0.1624104380607605,
0.23156268894672394,
-0.32427507638931274,
0.023345360532402992,
0.4819194972515106,
0.08608715236186981,
-0.5020846128463745,
0.018041463568806648,
0.4045574367046356,
0.44512468576431274,
-0.013659550808370113,
-0.24261239171028137,
0.4043062627315521,
0.21281550824642181,
-0.10855571925640106,
0.7022610902786255,
0.08332590013742447,
-0.36842697858810425,
0.4190767705440521,
-0.04799828305840492,
-0.2761699855327606,
-0.498046875,
0.29807692766189575,
0.4156024754047394,
0.007078904192894697,
0.36102765798568726,
-0.03604038059711456,
-0.10869304835796356,
0.22387225925922394,
0.3342379033565521,
0.17091721296310425,
0.29495003819465637,
0.12016648799180984,
-0.3476421535015106,
-0.07124710083007812,
-0.00971471332013607,
-0.44281476736068726,
0.4066631495952606,
0.4775015115737915,
-0.5877967476844788,
0.608229398727417,
0.28950852155685425,
-0.16380897164344788,
0.2536714971065521,
0.2559110224246979,
-0.5287663340568542,
-0.13172006607055664,
0.17997390031814575,
-0.11548908054828644,
0.30193036794662476,
0.16830679774284363,
-0.3581636846065521,
-0.17054161429405212,
0.3909066915512085,
-0.0376378558576107,
0.3323293924331665,
0.39011794328689575,
0.541259765625,
-0.030625857412815094,
-0.17756183445453644,
0.2981332540512085,
0.5123009085655212,
-0.06480877101421356,
0.31988996267318726,
0.6985238790512085,
-0.15043053030967712,
0.13193218410015106,
0.08189186453819275,
-0.2529766261577606,
-0.045596782118082047,
0.2905508279800415,
-0.2911306619644165,
-0.3066875636577606,
0.23970149457454681,
0.03174635022878647,
-0.05835723876953125,
-0.21050556004047394,
-0.12558159232139587,
-0.02293630689382553,
0.13099083304405212,
0.059739626944065094,
0.20530818402767181,
-0.03415738791227341,
-0.2755502462387085,
-0.12948139011859894,
0.3278902471065521,
-0.15606337785720825,
-0.34682756662368774,
-0.07117168605327606,
0.5298978090286255,
-0.07349967956542969,
-0.02451075054705143,
-0.0103759765625,
0.08247140794992447,
0.8630746603012085,
-0.44057992100715637,
0.14962664246559143,
0.33881086111068726,
0.0005055941292084754,
-0.24950702488422394,
-0.5298227071762085,
0.035213764756917953,
0.003831276437267661,
-0.0189361572265625,
0.2355874925851822,
-0.6072340607643127,
-0.12766221165657043,
0.2121347337961197,
0.20525535941123962,
0.14771446585655212,
0.29400399327278137,
0.14555945992469788,
0.6754995584487915,
0.2280038744211197,
0.20169654488563538,
-0.07036414742469788,
-0.5169771909713745,
-0.0006058949511498213,
0.15141883492469788,
-0.3049222528934479,
0.27074724435806274,
-0.22124069929122925,
0.6043043732643127,
0.04216326028108597,
0.00026057317154482007,
-0.26059195399284363,
-0.6223707795143127,
0.117095947265625,
0.033865414559841156,
0.20599834620952606,
-0.14573200047016144,
0.4689565896987915,
-0.047056786715984344,
-0.16782085597515106,
0.2918231785297394,
-0.24132362008094788,
0.06672727316617966,
0.27920296788215637,
-0.14760413765907288,
0.19627028703689575,
0.18418532609939575,
0.5204139351844788,
0.39838117361068726,
0.19383826851844788,
0.5233811736106873,
0.07071245461702347,
-0.30080002546310425,
0.28521728515625,
-0.03941858559846878,
0.5185922384262085,
0.024213938042521477,
-0.16120792925357819,
0.3420034646987915,
-0.2691415548324585,
0.32156136631965637,
0.6251314878463745,
0.2755596339702606,
0.06723491847515106,
0.3011005222797394,
0.31027457118034363,
0.152149498462677,
-0.2672025263309479,
0.2771395146846771,
0.604323148727417,
0.37324875593185425,
-0.04222840443253517,
-0.0022606481797993183,
-0.07707977294921875,
-0.31972092390060425,
-0.046978291124105453,
-0.0989990234375,
0.36542218923568726,
0.2632540166378021,
0.10275386273860931,
0.32310134172439575,
0.48324820399284363,
0.01221319381147623,
-0.17334923148155212,
0.2918560206890106,
-0.21837909519672394,
0.04200451076030731,
-0.12068998068571091,
0.06920319050550461,
0.32542067766189575,
0.17682823538780212,
-0.06003394350409508,
0.3753427267074585,
-0.31528884172439575,
-0.21813026070594788,
-0.24557964503765106,
0.14146541059017181,
0.12033814936876297,
-0.005752434954047203,
-0.4738394021987915,
0.10713489353656769,
0.45556640625,
0.123555988073349,
0.2624981105327606,
4.265925407409668,
-0.0008609478245489299,
0.33160871267318726,
-0.19121727347373962,
-0.11012150347232819,
0.24844184517860413,
-0.4267202615737915,
-0.20122352242469788,
0.0808756873011589,
0.08445094525814056,
0.15455745160579681,
0.6243239045143127,
-0.2624605596065521,
-0.032578688114881516,
-0.084320068359375,
0.3146127462387085,
0.3740140497684479,
0.04493625462055206,
0.30369216203689575,
0.4920560419559479,
-0.37152570486068726,
0.4130260646343231,
0.37379807233810425,
0.01668841950595379,
0.20751483738422394,
0.22220084071159363,
-0.03594857081770897,
0.12565261125564575,
0.19889479875564575,
0.5193434357643127,
0.17059326171875,
-0.21589308977127075,
0.645582914352417,
-0.021228495985269547,
-0.5032301545143127,
-0.1607137769460678,
0.012098165228962898,
-0.03418555483222008,
0.3149484395980835,
0.06559489667415619,
-0.28253644704818726,
0.16297417879104614,
0.24145977199077606,
0.3089130222797394,
0.500413179397583,
-0.13230308890342712,
0.15173251926898956,
0.26857346296310425,
0.25360107421875,
-0.5365835428237915,
0.2953726053237915,
-0.2679912745952606,
-0.053483229130506516,
0.020303579047322273,
0.10856452584266663,
0.5471003651618958,
0.24346454441547394,
0.7582632303237915,
-0.06842745095491409,
-0.08187513798475266,
0.1034088134765625,
-0.23667556047439575,
0.5600961446762085,
-0.02783437818288803,
-0.5071927309036255,
-0.28017014265060425,
0.2787616550922394,
-0.13956978917121887,
0.15734627842903137,
-0.08068495243787766,
0.03541330248117447,
0.3035513162612915,
0.5082913637161255,
-0.39271897077560425,
-0.08574485778808594,
0.19643695652484894,
0.021538367494940758,
0.02945943921804428,
-0.12527114152908325,
0.14005455374717712,
0.2773296535015106,
-0.15044696629047394,
0.22127121686935425,
-0.09178514033555984,
0.1495443433523178,
0.6103140115737915,
0.2583383321762085,
-0.4480731785297394,
0.3480130732059479,
-0.021410135552287102,
0.680588960647583,
0.3168569803237915,
-0.00038675160612910986,
-0.06146680563688278,
-0.41685134172439575,
0.201171875,
0.29779052734375,
-3.904897928237915,
0.05128449574112892,
-0.009848961606621742,
0.015218367800116539,
0.16650390625,
0.15829232335090637,
0.1643952578306198,
0.3925405740737915,
0.010356609709560871,
0.2773531377315521,
0.07464834302663803,
0.03931896388530731,
-0.08997520804405212,
0.07117931544780731,
0.055772047489881516,
0.16208121180534363,
-0.11401279270648956,
0.07570472359657288,
-0.04646553471684456,
0.04421688988804817,
0.02804594859480858,
0.01709747314453125,
0.4808818995952606,
-0.05393747240304947,
0.2050546556711197,
0.21877112984657288,
-0.25751203298568726,
-0.010609718039631844,
-0.07113882154226303,
-0.08755610883235931,
-0.20560219883918762,
0.17180222272872925,
0.38917893171310425,
-0.06246009096503258,
-0.027700424194335938,
0.35102608799934387,
0.5540865659713745,
-0.08827091753482819,
0.30299729108810425,
0.30153244733810425,
-0.24493408203125,
-0.3322660028934479,
0.46120041608810425,
-0.10001461207866669,
0.08188218623399734,
-0.13944889605045319,
-0.02699030376970768,
-0.02428905852138996,
-0.4879619777202606,
0.19610126316547394,
0.22907668352127075,
0.29518479108810425,
0.030791539698839188,
0.0703839510679245,
0.37212663888931274,
-0.20277874171733856,
0.08590932935476303,
0.05744171142578125,
0.3959209620952606,
-0.07615404576063156,
0.039892636239528656,
-0.4462374150753021,
0.2976543605327606,
0.7853440642356873,
0.10751049220561981,
-0.1304931640625,
0.36175066232681274,
-0.06745851784944534,
0.30942007899284363,
-0.02734844572842121,
0.07067041844129562,
0.16018016636371613,
0.28921273350715637,
-0.18297576904296875,
0.020949363708496094,
0.33379656076431274,
-0.42250412702560425,
-0.23402053117752075,
0.44016677141189575,
0.030019907280802727,
-0.10024085640907288,
-0.24357722699642181,
-0.44529372453689575,
0.5093336701393127,
2.661508321762085,
0.3350078761577606,
2.282076358795166,
0.42648550868034363,
0.01207733154296875,
0.025172892957925797,
-0.4790790379047394,
-0.04381620138883591,
0.2924898564815521,
-0.06976259499788284,
-0.11185690015554428,
0.010077256709337234,
-0.146871417760849,
0.0937347412109375,
0.020244011655449867,
-0.19723275303840637,
0.339111328125,
-1.2545071840286255,
0.3893338739871979,
-0.04189006984233856,
0.028837351128458977,
0.006675133481621742,
0.010427034460008144,
0.22293266654014587,
0.7725735902786255,
-0.1491617113351822,
-0.10743360966444016,
-0.1689978390932083,
-0.006891131401062012,
-0.359375,
0.18148568272590637,
0.41770583391189575,
0.4332181513309479,
0.011860187165439129,
-0.1727738082408905,
0.032896701246500015,
0.04961373284459114,
4.680588722229004,
0.04160132631659508,
0.002521808259189129,
0.211273193359375,
0.139262855052948,
0.20346054434776306,
0.6375074982643127,
-0.05206064134836197,
0.08917823433876038,
0.40801531076431274,
0.4268704950809479,
0.3786386251449585,
0.2944429814815521,
-0.11508413404226303,
0.18209956586360931,
0.44182878732681274,
-0.25335222482681274,
0.32168343663215637,
0.31935471296310425,
0.3614032566547394,
0.7823392152786255,
0.004415952134877443,
0.165233314037323,
0.04272284731268883,
0.13302142918109894,
-0.25001877546310425,
0.027618408203125,
-0.3977426290512085,
-0.019415928050875664,
0.4889761209487915,
0.5211275815963745,
5.41015625,
-0.10078756511211395,
0.11093675345182419,
-0.12076979130506516,
-0.16955801844596863,
0.2475210279226303,
-0.018784742802381516,
0.2161794751882553,
-0.36753493547439575,
0.028332490473985672,
-0.2099233716726303,
-0.05517871677875519,
-0.43772536516189575,
0.7294921875,
-0.5517202615737915,
0.4610126316547394,
-0.040238600224256516,
-0.1709360033273697,
-0.11857957392930984,
-0.42974382638931274,
0.539231538772583,
0.046477098017930984,
-0.0014652839163318276,
-0.6146146059036255,
0.17296424508094788,
-0.05792846903204918,
-0.06248767673969269,
0.4206918478012085,
-0.327392578125,
0.09543199092149734,
0.12931941449642181,
0.6338078379631042,
-0.19627498090267181,
0.3759390115737915,
0.09964693337678909,
0.7585636973381042,
0.005613602232187986,
0.33941179513931274,
-0.29279738664627075,
-0.25315505266189575,
0.15128853917121887,
0.7205528616905212,
-0.2966825067996979,
-0.06535163521766663,
-0.31662222743034363,
-0.26474234461784363,
-0.0012874603271484375,
0.39443734288215637,
-0.012440314516425133,
-0.14095951616764069,
0.06695190072059631,
0.20972618460655212,
1.04150390625,
0.09357276558876038,
0.26999136805534363,
0.2749868631362915,
-0.4570406377315521,
-0.16894061863422394,
0.41512826085090637,
0.03258514404296875,
0.22931846976280212,
0.22509765625,
0.01884753815829754,
-0.06712678074836731,
0.31435921788215637,
0.2115325927734375,
0.21322867274284363,
0.010816647671163082,
0.34629470109939575,
-0.04327686131000519,
-0.012050628662109375,
-0.028900146484375,
-0.04117496311664581,
-0.15348464250564575,
-0.009895031340420246,
0.4349130392074585,
0.04081021994352341,
-0.3478158712387085,
0.09635690599679947,
-0.4287860691547394,
-0.06247081980109215,
0.12135902047157288,
-0.6624473929405212,
0.18312424421310425,
0.11119666695594788,
-0.09097928553819656,
-0.8075796365737915,
0.10814578831195831,
0.3495248556137085,
0.24907977879047394,
0.3154672384262085,
0.18439190089702606,
-0.2891751825809479,
0.6382211446762085,
0.17043128609657288,
-0.030061574652791023,
-0.17071063816547394,
-0.032487135380506516,
0.09612684696912766,
0.2341543287038803,
-0.175853431224823,
0.5057091116905212,
0.05988531932234764,
-0.30562180280685425,
0.0969710722565651,
0.1915048509836197,
0.31496018171310425,
0.24009352922439575,
-0.03878241404891014,
0.02163168042898178,
0.4452373683452606,
0.5312312245368958,
-0.10052255541086197,
-0.04554249718785286,
-0.04144756495952606
] |
1980
|
Who won the first Nobel prize for economics?
|
[
{
"docid": "23535306#2",
"text": "Laureates in the Memorial Prize in Economics are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It was first awarded in 1969 to the Dutch and Norwegian economists Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch, \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\".",
"title": "Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences"
},
{
"docid": "23535306#10",
"text": "The first prize in economics was awarded in 1969 to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen \"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes\". In 2009, Elinor Ostrom became the first woman awarded the prize.",
"title": "Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences"
}
] |
[] |
[
0.5753728747367859,
-0.1908819079399109,
-0.18865273892879486,
0.14525257050991058,
0.14445357024669647,
0.17287930846214294,
0.5882679224014282,
-0.3341619372367859,
0.5282093286514282,
0.2552933990955353,
-0.021822841838002205,
-0.23017467558383942,
-0.6993519067764282,
-0.09028764069080353,
-0.4551447033882141,
-0.4453901946544647,
0.5478293895721436,
0.08840318024158478,
0.13373427093029022,
0.23190030455589294,
0.00913515966385603,
0.3770751953125,
0.2062433362007141,
0.21858908236026764,
0.2819047272205353,
0.04042087867856026,
-0.4196333587169647,
0.09557759016752243,
-0.27621737122535706,
0.286529541015625,
0.6085981726646423,
-0.11902687698602676,
0.11302323639392853,
0.3236527740955353,
-0.4671686291694641,
0.2096356451511383,
0.03874830901622772,
0.058451566845178604,
0.18071399629116058,
0.16425323486328125,
0.2677168548107147,
0.07770607620477676,
0.6216264367103577,
0.09127669036388397,
0.1861013025045395,
-0.3471790552139282,
0.06471460312604904,
-0.3344282805919647,
-0.049551401287317276,
0.09215199202299118,
-0.29636451601982117,
0.19011063873767853,
0.111053466796875,
0.005075541324913502,
-0.5229381322860718,
0.32144996523857117,
-0.3605291247367859,
0.13835906982421875,
-0.33920565247535706,
-0.35182884335517883,
0.18030062317848206,
0.5917524695396423,
0.2818492650985718,
0.13152660429477692,
0.20511697232723236,
0.4827103912830353,
-0.11863014847040176,
0.14409290254116058,
0.11664373427629471,
0.22648482024669647,
0.21534867584705353,
0.26199132204055786,
0.5203746557235718,
-0.07733085006475449,
0.0644579827785492,
-0.13642606139183044,
-0.1782379150390625,
0.7484907507896423,
0.17106766998767853,
-0.0963665321469307,
-0.09303422272205353,
-0.24573864042758942,
-0.19333995878696442,
0.1956787109375,
-0.1284124255180359,
0.3774524927139282,
-0.2759510278701782,
0.0216522216796875,
-0.12374886870384216,
0.6111949682235718,
-0.18861527740955353,
-0.04336708411574364,
0.30957794189453125,
0.0364508181810379,
-0.013383344747126102,
0.1160358116030693,
0.4050736725330353,
0.06239457428455353,
-0.049307823181152344,
-0.33199796080589294,
-0.051829252392053604,
-0.16903409361839294,
-0.23720203340053558,
0.3297119140625,
-0.056406889110803604,
-0.4358353912830353,
-0.4108109772205353,
0.34262916445732117,
0.099517822265625,
-0.09431526809930801,
0.36477938294410706,
-0.3558349609375,
-0.1494085192680359,
0.03718150779604912,
-0.07128975540399551,
0.20350785553455353,
0.009470159187912941,
-0.09685169905424118,
-0.23376187682151794,
-0.7308238744735718,
0.4535689055919647,
0.04016321524977684,
-0.2501331567764282,
0.4330943822860718,
-0.2542169690132141,
-0.07300914078950882,
0.48683860898017883,
-0.0994311273097992,
0.73583984375,
0.4600940942764282,
0.3677257299423218,
0.22163529694080353,
0.3653675317764282,
0.44979581236839294,
0.2241266369819641,
0.015899138525128365,
0.0855487510561943,
-0.21754594147205353,
-0.22040419280529022,
-0.2834583520889282,
-0.3105968236923218,
0.004270900506526232,
-0.44430264830589294,
0.6264204382896423,
-0.27968528866767883,
0.08499491959810257,
0.06964943557977676,
-0.08831232041120529,
0.11154591292142868,
-0.02179613895714283,
0.018649708479642868,
0.4319513440132141,
0.010586998425424099,
0.39174583554267883,
-0.03785731643438339,
0.37160423398017883,
0.6247780323028564,
0.38938209414482117,
-0.2194879651069641,
-0.015956532210111618,
0.652099609375,
0.43625709414482117,
-0.00912753026932478,
0.14004932343959808,
0.14441542327404022,
0.26908180117607117,
-0.049609098583459854,
0.2599653899669647,
0.4538130462169647,
-0.3189697265625,
-0.22752518951892853,
0.09986426681280136,
0.3807262182235718,
-0.06146101653575897,
0.19794811308383942,
0.3539595305919647,
-0.5350008606910706,
0.26712313294410706,
0.38066795468330383,
-0.15487948060035706,
-0.01556934043765068,
0.08841271698474884,
0.13643576204776764,
0.28647682070732117,
0.4665083587169647,
0.17797712981700897,
0.1600702404975891,
-0.1830090582370758,
-0.1254112869501114,
-0.062451448291540146,
0.003147125244140625,
0.08749251067638397,
0.2845868170261383,
-0.46627530455589294,
0.22608532011508942,
0.13212238252162933,
0.07214078307151794,
0.5133833289146423,
0.23590087890625,
0.43701171875,
0.05679113045334816,
-0.022874312475323677,
-0.6951349377632141,
0.2030695080757141,
0.2582452893257141,
-0.3718372583389282,
0.008222406730055809,
0.05583953857421875,
-0.2498224377632141,
-0.12347876280546188,
-0.0059231845661997795,
0.12026422470808029,
0.4435258209705353,
0.2895951569080353,
-0.02545928955078125,
0.4615367650985718,
-0.1714532971382141,
0.12807950377464294,
0.3567310571670532,
-0.053299643099308014,
-0.006508566904813051,
0.3543035387992859,
-0.29378995299339294,
0.2913041412830353,
-0.28110572695732117,
-0.20905928313732147,
0.1814020276069641,
-0.23432506620883942,
0.17585061490535736,
0.5535333752632141,
0.5884898900985718,
0.07103174179792404,
0.0473608523607254,
-0.021815212443470955,
0.28061744570732117,
0.20346207916736603,
0.1505945324897766,
0.0010171369649469852,
0.04887060821056366,
0.010674216784536839,
0.37473365664482117,
0.39772728085517883,
0.03268640860915184,
0.10463645309209824,
0.2978404760360718,
0.0035650080535560846,
0.25213623046875,
-0.13275562226772308,
-0.5041059851646423,
-0.2873368561267853,
-0.1300908923149109,
0.12975797057151794,
0.09681563079357147,
0.15979212522506714,
0.052449312061071396,
0.04144911840558052,
0.19947953522205353,
0.03369140625,
-0.10375144332647324,
-0.058929443359375,
0.4266357421875,
0.5150812268257141,
0.06555592268705368,
0.08696296066045761,
-0.21006081998348236,
0.32242652773857117,
0.07244092971086502,
0.3995916247367859,
0.32418546080589294,
0.6089754700660706,
0.029150182381272316,
-0.4149724841117859,
0.05979260429739952,
0.5111638903617859,
-0.3067516088485718,
-0.06631746888160706,
0.10604026168584824,
0.2981400787830353,
-0.6104625463485718,
0.5157137513160706,
0.47705078125,
0.022373545914888382,
-0.3238414525985718,
0.4064164459705353,
0.2890735864639282,
0.2854961156845093,
0.012119639664888382,
0.005300001706928015,
-0.4463556408882141,
0.12700723111629486,
0.3702281713485718,
0.8258167505264282,
-0.23463024199008942,
-0.44020774960517883,
0.0095367431640625,
0.19001908600330353,
0.19942821562290192,
-0.04651780426502228,
0.4900346100330353,
0.02524358592927456,
0.4530029296875,
-0.2873035669326782,
0.19844193756580353,
0.45607689023017883,
0.14101062715053558,
-0.47713956236839294,
-0.34457674622535706,
0.523193359375,
0.0012487932108342648,
0.2694011926651001,
0.6128373742103577,
-0.24003462493419647,
-0.026584625244140625,
-0.03474651649594307,
0.5793012976646423,
0.5814985632896423,
0.5019420385360718,
-0.09383323043584824,
0.29482755064964294,
0.03800682723522186,
0.22272838652133942,
0.042900778353214264,
-0.2775101959705353,
0.1367177963256836,
0.09186900407075882,
-0.3094482421875,
-0.0432610958814621,
-0.5386186242103577,
0.3872736096382141,
0.4027210474014282,
0.516387939453125,
-0.3042352795600891,
-0.4050736725330353,
-0.2807506322860718,
-0.11168739944696426,
0.49844637513160706,
0.04855208098888397,
0.9100674986839294,
-0.10729356110095978,
-0.1392052322626114,
0.2205755114555359,
0.17594216763973236,
-0.09857316315174103,
0.3840997815132141,
0.04545983299612999,
0.04938368499279022,
0.0070544155314564705,
0.09867720305919647,
0.33043602108955383,
-0.13661332428455353,
0.014101722277700901,
-0.02080327831208706,
-0.08754383772611618,
0.06288424134254456,
-0.011943470686674118,
0.4503118395805359,
0.4296764135360718,
-0.017017018049955368,
0.18437610566616058,
-0.1912633776664734,
-0.007665460929274559,
0.15345348417758942,
0.3654674291610718,
0.431884765625,
0.26413795351982117,
0.6253551244735718,
0.2542669177055359,
-0.38510408997535706,
0.17695756256580353,
0.08727264404296875,
-0.24553333222866058,
-0.12164098769426346,
0.4562544524669647,
-0.3505304455757141,
-0.5561967492103577,
-0.18560098111629486,
0.17586447298526764,
0.5340242981910706,
0.6157670617103577,
0.26046475768089294,
0.20415149629116058,
0.48264381289482117,
0.2144087851047516,
-0.10261397063732147,
-0.2611638903617859,
0.04298192635178566,
-0.34939852356910706,
0.05000166594982147,
0.05446416512131691,
-0.07898226380348206,
-0.1549322009086609,
0.008252664469182491,
0.3317732512950897,
0.036436256021261215,
-0.03525456413626671,
-0.15420255064964294,
-0.0032872287556529045,
0.5383966565132141,
-0.06410633772611618,
-0.026173504069447517,
-0.017181396484375,
0.2501997649669647,
0.21357311308383942,
0.3539373278617859,
4.2258524894714355,
0.07928605377674103,
0.028977828100323677,
-0.18624600768089294,
0.14554595947265625,
-0.018149636685848236,
0.32961204648017883,
-0.39768287539482117,
0.16461181640625,
0.0195465087890625,
-0.13810037076473236,
-0.08709890395402908,
-0.10898797959089279,
0.34874239563941956,
-0.15624167025089264,
0.09233509749174118,
-0.21822842955589294,
0.0014575611567124724,
0.060824308544397354,
0.2853226959705353,
-0.3387950658798218,
0.30027076601982117,
0.22566361725330353,
-0.5140491724014282,
0.069495290517807,
-0.13926003873348236,
0.34121981263160706,
0.06936922669410706,
-0.09942904114723206,
0.5242809057235718,
0.29071044921875,
-0.08679060637950897,
0.05860484763979912,
-0.056530214846134186,
-0.9168146252632141,
0.18011474609375,
0.3105912506580353,
0.3868963122367859,
0.16656216979026794,
0.00939178466796875,
-0.14507363736629486,
-0.03743598610162735,
0.14015890657901764,
0.2823375463485718,
-0.029506336897611618,
0.06642289459705353,
-0.25790128111839294,
0.32357510924339294,
-0.4452570080757141,
-0.14999112486839294,
0.031293001025915146,
-0.2849898040294647,
0.1056411936879158,
-0.4196333587169647,
0.5261896252632141,
0.4513716399669647,
0.2919144928455353,
0.48763760924339294,
-0.16622091829776764,
0.09241554886102676,
-0.24938687682151794,
-0.17811723053455353,
-0.14250321686267853,
-0.08417129516601562,
-0.11497774720191956,
-0.016867898404598236,
0.7200594544410706,
0.21256880462169647,
0.07202564924955368,
0.07739812880754471,
0.042319558560848236,
0.14948619902133942,
0.2335870862007141,
0.03034210205078125,
0.11889371275901794,
-0.4490855932235718,
-0.3418745696544647,
-0.29726341366767883,
-0.1804754137992859,
-0.08361261337995529,
-0.07098388671875,
-0.2526189684867859,
0.1670379638671875,
0.030864369124174118,
-0.10800448060035706,
0.4127752184867859,
-0.1694745123386383,
-0.6044477820396423,
0.19597278535366058,
0.11719027161598206,
0.2874755859375,
-0.0752105712890625,
0.1951238512992859,
0.1610662341117859,
0.09454744309186935,
0.2766890227794647,
0.0887451171875,
-3.9142401218414307,
0.18772195279598236,
-0.045901212841272354,
-0.09676846861839294,
0.05047052726149559,
0.15174727141857147,
-0.13923229277133942,
0.38583096861839294,
-0.5731090307235718,
0.4484197497367859,
-0.20273762941360474,
0.14220775663852692,
-0.30442115664482117,
0.6148126721382141,
0.19239114224910736,
0.34047630429267883,
0.46530982851982117,
0.08413141220808029,
0.29833984375,
-0.14040860533714294,
0.0565643310546875,
-0.0015269193099811673,
0.2915816009044647,
0.043446626514196396,
0.5059481263160706,
0.21433328092098236,
0.19235506653785706,
-0.08185785263776779,
0.12625399231910706,
0.10673384368419647,
0.07462935149669647,
0.4004572033882141,
0.26003196835517883,
-0.41495028138160706,
0.35886451601982117,
0.2672562897205353,
0.6587024927139282,
-0.10328327864408493,
0.35805442929267883,
0.3345392346382141,
-0.0900244265794754,
-0.2802013158798218,
0.4307750463485718,
0.3084161877632141,
0.45849609375,
-0.21980147063732147,
-0.20207075774669647,
0.06053716316819191,
-0.0032473476603627205,
-0.33066627383232117,
0.4781383275985718,
0.1316625475883484,
0.0404168926179409,
0.36474609375,
0.3538152575492859,
-0.2794189453125,
0.31455299258232117,
-0.05685459449887276,
0.7502663135528564,
0.19218029081821442,
-0.36514005064964294,
-0.09837757796049118,
0.1462041735649109,
-0.2248847335577011,
0.2627452611923218,
-0.004580064211040735,
0.156219482421875,
0.31005859375,
0.17202967405319214,
-0.41758105158805847,
0.18501974642276764,
0.5735973119735718,
0.2123205065727234,
-0.23919954895973206,
-0.08321449905633926,
0.13289295136928558,
-0.060793790966272354,
0.23314319550991058,
0.6649503111839294,
0.36416903138160706,
0.13541759550571442,
0.3127843737602234,
-0.5098766088485718,
-0.0806804969906807,
2.1594460010528564,
0.4904119372367859,
2.149325370788574,
0.042823098599910736,
0.06355424225330353,
0.15754838287830353,
0.18888162076473236,
-0.1289520263671875,
-0.0630267783999443,
-0.12863436341285706,
0.191314697265625,
0.35575172305107117,
-0.3163396716117859,
-0.06807110458612442,
-0.003455422120168805,
-0.04157395660877228,
0.43141868710517883,
-0.7483131885528564,
-0.03695262596011162,
0.010470823384821415,
0.4710138440132141,
-0.0027927050832659006,
0.10576646775007248,
0.37369605898857117,
0.49196556210517883,
-0.022114146500825882,
-0.18931441009044647,
0.3060968518257141,
0.023329822346568108,
-0.175750732421875,
-0.30171898007392883,
0.02619067020714283,
0.07238492369651794,
0.09061258286237717,
0.7627397179603577,
0.4549449682235718,
0.16814075410366058,
4.701349258422852,
-0.24207653105258942,
0.13301502168178558,
0.2952437102794647,
0.3133101165294647,
0.08383941650390625,
0.07840104401111603,
0.11597824096679688,
-0.19978713989257812,
0.2213446944952011,
0.30545321106910706,
-0.22645291686058044,
0.042035188525915146,
-0.13211943209171295,
0.208343505859375,
0.2773548364639282,
0.30154696106910706,
0.022469986230134964,
-0.039624299854040146,
0.22514204680919647,
0.4009232819080353,
0.06728813797235489,
0.5340465307235718,
0.028251344338059425,
0.48390892148017883,
0.16792990267276764,
-0.06462929397821426,
-0.2730657458305359,
-0.07190079987049103,
0.2815669775009155,
0.2932794690132141,
5.491832256317139,
0.03631037101149559,
0.12262517958879471,
-0.09458854049444199,
-0.04919572174549103,
0.21010519564151764,
-0.45334693789482117,
-0.4302312731742859,
-0.2636052966117859,
-0.11289561539888382,
0.04773296043276787,
-0.07058577239513397,
-0.2464599609375,
0.251220703125,
0.12238658219575882,
0.1374872326850891,
-0.18880462646484375,
0.19603382050991058,
-0.13152261078357697,
-0.19583407044410706,
0.35610684752464294,
0.045788850635290146,
-0.00152587890625,
-0.609619140625,
-0.14420388638973236,
0.0237203948199749,
-0.27561256289482117,
0.17767056822776794,
-0.2147216796875,
-0.09125172346830368,
0.20787464082241058,
0.12661466002464294,
0.007331154774874449,
0.3850874602794647,
0.02081732265651226,
0.26291170716285706,
0.3100475072860718,
0.0373864620923996,
0.31561556458473206,
0.2870982885360718,
0.21300159394741058,
0.24985624849796295,
-0.3797607421875,
0.5161160826683044,
-0.1387956738471985,
0.1320807784795761,
-0.19873046875,
0.2596435546875,
-0.16900357604026794,
0.01445015985518694,
0.4814563989639282,
0.08292181044816971,
1.088911533355713,
-0.025204746052622795,
0.2948164641857147,
-0.020485617220401764,
-0.10759145766496658,
0.322323203086853,
0.12764392793178558,
0.1658935546875,
0.469482421875,
0.06406459212303162,
0.05641590431332588,
0.5209516882896423,
0.3752330541610718,
0.17572021484375,
0.8359819054603577,
-0.0807446539402008,
0.38485440611839294,
-0.08329634368419647,
-0.0952734500169754,
0.1899566650390625,
-0.00766129931434989,
0.13927945494651794,
-0.10032515227794647,
-0.048962246626615524,
0.19417120516300201,
-0.09333246201276779,
0.20240645110607147,
0.21250222623348236,
-0.25350674986839294,
-0.34005460143089294,
-0.27951881289482117,
-0.11971768736839294,
0.1673029065132141,
-0.1500396728515625,
0.04625355079770088,
0.058102693408727646,
0.24937300384044647,
0.1743108630180359,
0.057427145540714264,
0.09261166304349899,
0.020542491227388382,
0.07720392197370529,
0.10749400407075882,
0.032540060579776764,
0.3547418713569641,
0.17573633790016174,
0.0018053922103717923,
0.03725294768810272,
0.04537513107061386,
-0.05274784192442894,
0.27215906977653503,
0.008503654040396214,
0.22995828092098236,
-0.3223987817764282,
-0.14934401214122772,
-0.06460501998662949,
-0.10153093934059143,
0.048461221158504486,
0.39737215638160706,
0.12472811341285706,
0.11778120696544647,
-0.023049093782901764,
-0.1260368973016739
] |
1990
|
How big is the Chinese diaspora in Australia?
|
[
{
"docid": "1858942#12",
"text": "As a whole, Australian residents identifying themselves as having Chinese ancestry made up 5.6% of those nominating their ancestry at the 2016 census and numbered 1,213,903. At the 2016 census, 509,555 people declared that they were born in Mainland China, 86,886 declared that they were born in Hong Kong, while 46,882 declared that they were born in Taiwan. There are also a large number of persons of Chinese ancestry among those born in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines and Vietnam.",
"title": "Chinese Australians"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1858942#0",
"text": "Chinese Australians () are Australian citizens of Chinese ancestry. Chinese Australians are one of the largest groups of Overseas Chinese people, forming the largest Overseas Chinese community in Oceania. Per capita, Australia has more people of Chinese ancestry than any country outside Asia. Many Chinese Australians have immigrated from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and other countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and the Philippines, while many are descendants of such immigrants. Chinese Australians are also a subgroup of Asian Australians and East Asian Australians and represent the single largest minority ethnicity in the country. As a whole, Australian residents identifying themselves as having Chinese ancestry made up 5.6% of those nominating their ancestry at the 2016 census and numbered 1,213,903.",
"title": "Chinese Australians"
}
] |
[
0.2954878509044647,
0.14908669888973236,
-0.4091131091117859,
0.060005880892276764,
-0.09461350739002228,
0.07555320113897324,
0.33163174986839294,
-0.2550159692764282,
0.37786865234375,
0.23841996490955353,
-0.44448021054267883,
-0.5589044690132141,
-0.31424227356910706,
-0.3285994231700897,
-0.255859375,
0.4432927966117859,
0.5567960143089294,
0.16482821106910706,
-0.4442693591117859,
0.22001509368419647,
-0.3610437512397766,
0.6575372815132141,
-0.08237691223621368,
-0.08448375016450882,
-0.1753484606742859,
-0.2616046667098999,
-0.16826282441616058,
0.4592728912830353,
0.22007717192173004,
0.08806679397821426,
0.6107066869735718,
0.19448575377464294,
0.21201394498348236,
0.5321266651153564,
-0.23509632050991058,
0.3633478283882141,
0.16511119902133942,
0.12664517760276794,
0.24851296842098236,
0.11742054671049118,
-0.2915816009044647,
0.3925670385360718,
0.3890269994735718,
0.3345392346382141,
0.2106611132621765,
-0.0504913330078125,
-0.1017688438296318,
0.04378474876284599,
-0.3515735864639282,
-0.07656998932361603,
-0.6363636255264282,
0.01787359081208706,
-0.10430908203125,
-0.08283788710832596,
-0.09079568833112717,
0.5351118445396423,
0.5019087195396423,
0.7366832494735718,
0.017580898478627205,
0.3578075170516968,
0.032704439014196396,
-0.16393209993839264,
0.02385260909795761,
0.006785653065890074,
0.09120871871709824,
0.07999212294816971,
-0.17247286438941956,
0.06693250685930252,
0.05715387687087059,
0.28915682435035706,
-0.06295499205589294,
0.7708629369735718,
0.6211381554603577,
0.3837113678455353,
-0.43929776549339294,
-0.5394620299339294,
0.009254628792405128,
0.13702669739723206,
0.21020646393299103,
-0.05374769866466522,
0.5474520325660706,
-0.3401988744735718,
0.06708908081054688,
0.13229647278785706,
-0.35888671875,
0.3775079846382141,
0.28658780455589294,
-0.13862748444080353,
0.30307838320732117,
0.5530894994735718,
-0.032608725130558014,
0.16364635527133942,
0.05969792976975441,
-0.11436045914888382,
0.20097212493419647,
0.22394908964633942,
-0.08121559768915176,
0.03914989158511162,
0.049560546875,
-0.23004150390625,
-0.26162996888160706,
-0.24081698060035706,
-0.3341175317764282,
0.43501976132392883,
0.291748046875,
-0.42813387513160706,
-0.026311008259654045,
0.21190296113491058,
0.07798628509044647,
0.18550248444080353,
0.14519986510276794,
0.026928294450044632,
0.025360107421875,
-0.02415778487920761,
0.11380559951066971,
0.17612527310848236,
0.41875317692756653,
-0.24892355501651764,
-0.3373968005180359,
-0.5618785619735718,
0.47678443789482117,
0.26129981875419617,
-0.2102106213569641,
-0.259033203125,
0.13986483216285706,
0.06390727311372757,
0.5055708289146423,
-0.13408036530017853,
0.5074129700660706,
0.45192649960517883,
-0.19190701842308044,
0.24809126555919647,
0.4704451262950897,
0.43361595273017883,
0.05852526053786278,
-0.022687045857310295,
0.38991478085517883,
-0.5840065479278564,
0.09995339065790176,
0.03855341300368309,
0.07670419663190842,
-0.009601246565580368,
-0.06941778212785721,
0.7520862817764282,
-0.15243807435035706,
0.4113103747367859,
0.023073023185133934,
0.2368108630180359,
-0.027840353548526764,
0.23957963287830353,
-0.022949911653995514,
0.15795135498046875,
-0.15635542571544647,
0.4114879369735718,
-0.39963600039482117,
-0.04190583527088165,
0.32955655455589294,
-0.5284757018089294,
0.08484163880348206,
0.4188343286514282,
0.7731267809867859,
0.3937433362007141,
0.2616993188858032,
0.13828684389591217,
-0.0481237918138504,
0.10723599791526794,
-0.15561190247535706,
0.4982355237007141,
0.3971058130264282,
0.06231776252388954,
-0.08067148178815842,
0.09917103499174118,
0.027282802388072014,
-0.15530672669410706,
0.22798295319080353,
0.5679598450660706,
-0.24553610384464264,
-0.027077587321400642,
0.6155894994735718,
-0.3873956799507141,
0.07895591109991074,
0.14973588287830353,
0.3223322033882141,
-0.13240189850330353,
0.6050026416778564,
0.1253606677055359,
-0.034178994596004486,
-0.17942671477794647,
-0.7184836864471436,
0.44626685976982117,
-0.008135015144944191,
-0.2965282201766968,
0.538818359375,
0.008183912374079227,
-0.041997041553258896,
0.319419264793396,
-0.03372608497738838,
0.1606500744819641,
-0.1154375970363617,
0.20124678313732147,
-0.14962907135486603,
-0.19069047272205353,
-0.40787020325660706,
0.4030650854110718,
0.7330877184867859,
-0.2689652740955353,
-0.048367585986852646,
0.4454352557659149,
-0.09036532044410706,
-0.22660237550735474,
-0.12677279114723206,
0.10483343154191971,
-0.06890296936035156,
0.4270519018173218,
-0.2269842028617859,
-0.2996049225330353,
0.28151634335517883,
-0.41139915585517883,
0.2879652678966522,
-0.11095046997070312,
-0.4674849212169647,
0.7757901549339294,
0.030905984342098236,
0.038172636181116104,
0.26437100768089294,
-0.0745391845703125,
-0.17977628111839294,
-0.21501471102237701,
0.09036462754011154,
0.3546808362007141,
0.17002452909946442,
0.23387284576892853,
0.15846945345401764,
0.00485090771690011,
0.0572686642408371,
0.024586070328950882,
-0.15631519258022308,
0.44577857851982117,
0.05997120216488838,
-0.34121981263160706,
0.5719993114471436,
0.008223923854529858,
-0.14600442349910736,
0.17152820527553558,
0.4857288599014282,
-0.2850896716117859,
0.2018377184867859,
0.028063686564564705,
-0.5851606726646423,
0.06949754059314728,
-0.27140113711357117,
0.25498268008232117,
0.16912841796875,
0.06564608216285706,
0.027570204809308052,
0.5908203125,
0.4265802502632141,
0.08342881500720978,
0.366455078125,
0.05806940421462059,
0.3791947662830353,
0.3116565942764282,
0.4687056243419647,
0.14512495696544647,
-0.22919811308383942,
-0.1928350329399109,
0.3005481958389282,
0.4146839380264282,
0.10225816071033478,
0.37404564023017883,
-0.07070992141962051,
-0.25814542174339294,
-0.15156693756580353,
0.46242454648017883,
0.0048342617228627205,
-0.23106245696544647,
0.23195023834705353,
-0.3803600072860718,
-0.33402320742607117,
0.6942471861839294,
0.3775745630264282,
-0.13037890195846558,
-0.14488635957241058,
-0.6165660619735718,
0.3498978912830353,
0.2441961169242859,
0.09842612594366074,
0.14262251555919647,
-0.3270374536514282,
0.16652055084705353,
0.35007545351982117,
0.38230201601982117,
0.30686256289482117,
-0.3709661364555359,
-0.5988103747367859,
0.36484596133232117,
-0.0061673251911997795,
-0.16518749296665192,
0.45339134335517883,
-0.1416265368461609,
0.5845836400985718,
-0.14832930266857147,
0.18369363248348236,
0.2778764069080353,
-0.055869363248348236,
0.1030941903591156,
-0.02211865596473217,
-0.2286432385444641,
-0.3967396020889282,
-0.008311531506478786,
0.4750421643257141,
0.036498330533504486,
-0.05615442618727684,
0.7001953125,
0.2532154321670532,
0.4221857190132141,
0.057861328125,
0.08864385634660721,
0.0018768310546875,
0.4157271087169647,
-0.1334741711616516,
0.22849343717098236,
-0.32997825741767883,
-0.29715242981910706,
0.36203834414482117,
-0.3591558337211609,
0.24455122649669647,
-0.3831232190132141,
0.3845936059951782,
0.5078901648521423,
0.43741053342819214,
0.17739365994930267,
-0.12863992154598236,
0.123443603515625,
-0.15022693574428558,
0.19173917174339294,
-0.14471435546875,
0.14844860136508942,
0.24562211334705353,
0.30563077330589294,
0.2285711169242859,
-0.12398182600736618,
0.13770364224910736,
0.26834383606910706,
-0.14228473603725433,
0.1879938244819641,
0.18991002440452576,
-0.11900849640369415,
0.19355912506580353,
-0.08698689192533493,
0.04704839363694191,
0.3114568591117859,
-0.23819802701473236,
0.23349831998348236,
0.1665746569633484,
-0.2671217620372772,
0.393341064453125,
-0.19959883391857147,
-0.13326749205589294,
-0.2858775854110718,
-0.12544389069080353,
0.3663995862007141,
0.2740034759044647,
0.5272771716117859,
0.030784260481595993,
0.0852862298488617,
-0.48291015625,
0.11639230698347092,
0.22251199185848236,
-0.18828235566616058,
0.3449596166610718,
0.29897239804267883,
0.18170166015625,
0.1424921154975891,
0.14759965240955353,
-0.48122337460517883,
0.007883592508733273,
0.1611255258321762,
0.4981800317764282,
-0.09134049713611603,
0.39883700013160706,
0.4980912506580353,
0.042961813509464264,
0.12746325135231018,
-0.2991693615913391,
-0.18007589876651764,
0.3196244537830353,
0.16432605683803558,
-0.08963515609502792,
-0.3230646252632141,
0.498779296875,
-0.055345967411994934,
0.12965115904808044,
-0.3200239837169647,
-0.5393843054771423,
0.10919466614723206,
-0.3643909692764282,
0.41177645325660706,
-0.0847521722316742,
0.32907935976982117,
0.14876486361026764,
0.37477806210517883,
0.020278237760066986,
0.27694424986839294,
4.149857997894287,
0.02316245250403881,
0.07307780534029007,
-0.4236949682235718,
-0.05002836883068085,
0.10136067122220993,
0.17815469205379486,
0.09898931533098221,
-0.1542719006538391,
-0.08469633758068085,
-0.07669032365083694,
0.5606356263160706,
-0.3063187897205353,
0.15322183072566986,
-0.10979947447776794,
0.31851473450660706,
0.2200872302055359,
-0.2518810033798218,
0.09664639830589294,
0.6432217955589294,
-0.44338157773017883,
0.11227555572986603,
0.4019220471382141,
-0.07531183212995529,
0.5692471861839294,
0.24329723417758942,
0.4248712658882141,
0.09174139052629471,
0.2533402740955353,
0.15301236510276794,
0.4181351959705353,
0.3060746490955353,
0.229248046875,
-0.08728339523077011,
-0.8043767809867859,
0.14082752168178558,
-0.037354208528995514,
-0.08771272003650665,
0.15426912903785706,
-0.022047562524676323,
-0.19087357819080353,
-0.18567727506160736,
0.203447163105011,
0.255859375,
-0.0019115101313218474,
-0.21011629700660706,
-0.33087366819381714,
0.3361150622367859,
-0.02338409423828125,
0.6203835010528564,
0.19399331510066986,
-0.03015691600739956,
0.2508544921875,
-0.3689630627632141,
-0.04820806160569191,
0.4866388440132141,
0.19784268736839294,
0.059580717235803604,
0.2513538599014282,
0.14728060364723206,
0.3047041594982147,
-0.016577113419771194,
0.20314164459705353,
-0.11188853532075882,
-0.20197643339633942,
0.00762176513671875,
0.2677209973335266,
0.4370560944080353,
0.015687422826886177,
-0.009454206563532352,
0.6353648900985718,
0.1953125,
0.24420166015625,
-0.31691673398017883,
0.12079273909330368,
0.09673725813627243,
-0.4859508275985718,
0.08455727249383926,
0.3635919690132141,
0.03415943309664726,
-0.016905177384614944,
-0.17085959017276764,
0.16165994107723236,
0.6592240929603577,
0.08001396805047989,
0.6537641882896423,
0.1759393811225891,
0.07762284576892853,
0.47412109375,
0.1535894274711609,
0.2583451569080353,
0.19107264280319214,
0.26999732851982117,
0.677734375,
-0.5552423596382141,
-0.037746429443359375,
0.4044300317764282,
-3.9220526218414307,
-0.012554515153169632,
0.49631568789482117,
-0.3805486559867859,
-0.012270146980881691,
-0.4430042505264282,
0.07279829680919647,
0.2278386950492859,
-0.43789950013160706,
0.47580787539482117,
-0.3910467028617859,
0.09110467880964279,
-0.35764381289482117,
0.3025679290294647,
0.10207574814558029,
-0.020746750757098198,
-0.37624290585517883,
0.26241788268089294,
0.18167530000209808,
-0.455078125,
0.14473377168178558,
0.1578577160835266,
0.20132169127464294,
-0.2785477936267853,
-0.11571016907691956,
0.15730147063732147,
0.1621752679347992,
-0.29256924986839294,
-0.0717315673828125,
-0.07116144150495529,
-0.1741998791694641,
0.12548550963401794,
0.20970846712589264,
-0.1274968981742859,
-0.08680117875337601,
0.3321089446544647,
0.3177434802055359,
-0.009630030021071434,
0.4198552966117859,
0.4187455475330353,
-0.05692169815301895,
-0.11178311705589294,
0.2634776830673218,
-0.04476963356137276,
0.04873691871762276,
0.3127496838569641,
-0.3126775622367859,
0.14629016816616058,
-0.11451263725757599,
-0.08008367568254471,
0.5268110632896423,
0.48268821835517883,
-0.20878705382347107,
0.0566788911819458,
0.5799671411514282,
-0.19418057799339294,
0.2566472887992859,
-0.3881336450576782,
0.19179464876651764,
-0.22077803313732147,
0.2493341565132141,
-0.5797674059867859,
-0.028179515153169632,
0.054791711270809174,
0.08271512389183044,
-0.09385542571544647,
0.23233309388160706,
0.3121227025985718,
0.2646928131580353,
0.2271374762058258,
-0.14759410917758942,
0.2526411712169647,
-0.08273038268089294,
0.3689408600330353,
0.026835354045033455,
0.22382701933383942,
0.015299883671104908,
-0.14531360566616058,
0.5835626721382141,
0.17231334745883942,
0.035973288118839264,
0.2852228283882141,
-0.26967552304267883,
0.2905939221382141,
2.1320135593414307,
0.40866920351982117,
2.335404872894287,
0.12297265976667404,
0.16032825410366058,
0.4181463122367859,
-0.19176135957241058,
-0.009071696549654007,
0.5065030455589294,
-0.2387445569038391,
0.15135297179222107,
0.31089088320732117,
-0.4243607819080353,
0.05098100006580353,
0.5287641882896423,
-0.14601273834705353,
0.27016380429267883,
-1.0767489671707153,
-0.07469940185546875,
0.0003440163272898644,
0.11967051774263382,
0.025216709822416306,
-0.2717229723930359,
0.3475896716117859,
0.2128656506538391,
-0.24044522643089294,
0.2863325774669647,
0.21453857421875,
-0.20292524993419647,
-0.2788030505180359,
0.05460982024669647,
-0.2168024182319641,
0.29464444518089294,
0.022880814969539642,
-0.06956065446138382,
-0.04758106544613838,
-0.006448918953537941,
4.708096504211426,
-0.20730313658714294,
-0.3151411712169647,
-0.08389663696289062,
-0.03717041015625,
-0.14576859772205353,
0.4177135229110718,
0.28670987486839294,
0.3003595471382141,
0.20976534485816956,
0.15438009798526764,
0.486572265625,
0.18002596497535706,
0.2803844213485718,
0.33034446835517883,
0.6403142809867859,
0.15587268769741058,
0.05288071930408478,
0.18392111361026764,
0.03733270987868309,
0.10569624602794647,
0.11534535139799118,
0.2426508069038391,
-0.2572576403617859,
0.21276994049549103,
0.4029430150985718,
0.16168212890625,
-0.14526090025901794,
0.00743241747841239,
0.48703834414482117,
0.42529296875,
5.4250712394714355,
0.0644894540309906,
0.33847877383232117,
-0.0783490240573883,
-0.07103937119245529,
0.23694957792758942,
-0.4326615631580353,
0.4267134368419647,
-0.48537376523017883,
-0.11075661331415176,
-0.04126323387026787,
0.09107763320207596,
-0.20467862486839294,
0.18248678743839264,
0.07389970123767853,
-0.06395374983549118,
-0.19648881256580353,
-0.10235179215669632,
0.4072265625,
-0.009401494637131691,
0.6769132018089294,
0.18995875120162964,
-0.06710538268089294,
-0.3775634765625,
-0.46548739075660706,
-0.03059161826968193,
-0.20353560149669647,
0.539306640625,
-0.17532071471214294,
-0.19290994107723236,
0.5025079846382141,
0.7115589380264282,
-0.1083560436964035,
0.09528212249279022,
-0.11259043961763382,
0.18820780515670776,
0.4511163830757141,
0.20515580475330353,
0.21016034483909607,
-0.1013527363538742,
0.5436124205589294,
0.5603249073028564,
-0.3104456067085266,
-0.18469515442848206,
0.02998143993318081,
0.2286931872367859,
-0.07078205794095993,
-0.024502016603946686,
-0.21950460970401764,
0.2548938989639282,
0.2783147692680359,
0.00593562563881278,
1.3768643140792847,
0.14855264127254486,
0.015902085229754448,
0.3690074682235718,
-0.5297407507896423,
-0.21967940032482147,
0.5695134997367859,
-0.4337047338485718,
0.6912508606910706,
0.16771350800991058,
0.04333634674549103,
0.466064453125,
0.12646068632602692,
0.07606783509254456,
-0.1310785412788391,
-0.13414140045642853,
0.78515625,
-0.3756769299507141,
-0.19791759550571442,
0.1256963610649109,
0.28818580508232117,
0.6941583752632141,
0.020836569368839264,
0.20376864075660706,
0.3103138208389282,
-0.12916980683803558,
0.293014794588089,
-0.06793074309825897,
-0.30886009335517883,
-0.29795143008232117,
-0.10286643356084824,
-0.0635199099779129,
-0.3939985930919647,
0.22822709381580353,
-0.19335244596004486,
0.18818803131580353,
-0.062004782259464264,
0.04281407967209816,
0.3372247815132141,
-0.24093350768089294,
0.032389555126428604,
0.4631902575492859,
-0.2703039050102234,
0.44773170351982117,
0.11247669905424118,
0.29877957701683044,
-0.22701749205589294,
0.043093595653772354,
-0.12701381742954254,
0.5132279992103577,
-0.18941983580589294,
-0.1286218762397766,
0.29867276549339294,
-0.217529296875,
-0.09344828873872757,
0.33767977356910706,
-0.07703746110200882,
0.18622936308383942,
0.18936990201473236,
0.44013282656669617,
-0.3848211169242859,
-0.13284267485141754,
0.060954008251428604
] |
1996
|
When was hip-hop introduced as a Grammy category?
|
[
{
"docid": "955614#0",
"text": "The Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance is an honor presented to recording artists for quality rap performances. It was first presented at the 31st Annual Grammy Awards in 1989 and again at the 32nd Annual Grammy Awards in 1990, after which point the award was split into two categories: Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. These two categories were combined again in 2012 as a result of a restructure of Grammy categories, and the reinstated Award for Best Rap Performance was presented at the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012.",
"title": "Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance"
},
{
"docid": "955614#5",
"text": "The Best Rap Performance category was first presented at the 31st Annual Grammy Awards in 1989. NARAS President Mike Green said in \"Billboard\" that the music genre has \"matured into several kinds of music, with several kinds of artists doing it\". Diane Theriot, a representative of the awards department for the Academy, recalled being \"inundated with eligible rap entries during the first few years of having the category\". In 1991, the category was split into the categories Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. Recognizing that both categories were continuing to receive numerous entries, the Best Rap Album recognition was established for the 38th Grammy Awards in 1996—the inaugural award was presented to Naughty by Nature for \"Poverty's Paradise\". In 2003, the Best Rap Solo Performance category was divided into separate recognitions for Female and Male Rap Solo Performances. The categories remained separated by gender until 2005 when they were combined into the genderless category originally known as Best Rap Solo Performance. Additional rap categories include Best Rap/Sung Collaboration and Best Rap Song, established in 2002 and 2004, respectively.",
"title": "Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "955614#4",
"text": "The restructuring of the categories and combination of Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group back into Best Rap Performance was the consequence of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences' wish to decrease the number of categories and awards and to eliminate distinctions between solo and duo or group performances.",
"title": "Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance"
}
] |
[
0.12506221234798431,
0.33242562413215637,
0.22698974609375,
0.04282907396554947,
0.18230965733528137,
0.25363630056381226,
0.2967670261859894,
-0.3559476435184479,
0.18022273480892181,
0.07548757642507553,
-0.1741608828306198,
0.16886696219444275,
-0.24931453168392181,
0.44223257899284363,
-0.2520610988140106,
0.40439078211784363,
0.5545748472213745,
-0.0829828679561615,
0.22590519487857819,
0.21955284476280212,
-0.23442664742469788,
0.28965407609939575,
0.03706609457731247,
0.292724609375,
0.3140493631362915,
0.28866812586784363,
-0.3021991550922394,
0.022950099781155586,
0.41982796788215637,
0.2161865234375,
0.2843768894672394,
-0.116119384765625,
0.34132736921310425,
0.22435584664344788,
-0.27866774797439575,
0.2833251953125,
0.31179574131965637,
0.02396921068429947,
0.19700270891189575,
0.15225806832313538,
-0.4524677097797394,
-0.048846904188394547,
-0.031909648329019547,
0.04477985203266144,
0.39193961024284363,
0.22880436480045319,
0.10896242409944534,
0.04305296763777733,
-0.15977536141872406,
-0.057145074009895325,
-0.2607515752315521,
-0.1880411058664322,
-0.2007680982351303,
0.15153151750564575,
-0.3614877462387085,
0.6413198709487915,
-0.3162090480327606,
0.40781813859939575,
-0.2527982294559479,
0.16500502824783325,
0.4634915888309479,
0.06896033883094788,
-0.14532470703125,
0.0015079149743542075,
0.3351299464702606,
0.44394156336784363,
0.09765859693288803,
0.12344125658273697,
-0.2526151239871979,
-0.056390468031167984,
0.025627722963690758,
0.6635929942131042,
0.3257211446762085,
-0.21856924891471863,
-0.16359299421310425,
-0.558912992477417,
-0.4483173191547394,
0.013952402397990227,
0.3687274754047394,
-0.3073589503765106,
0.16085579991340637,
0.14984366297721863,
0.09908118844032288,
0.45432692766189575,
-0.0763203576207161,
0.080902099609375,
-0.14157046377658844,
0.02833087556064129,
-0.02393311634659767,
0.4182880222797394,
-0.06716794520616531,
0.06057035177946091,
0.5314002633094788,
-0.09224876761436462,
0.21328499913215637,
0.19810661673545837,
0.17533111572265625,
-0.4121469259262085,
0.1049346923828125,
-0.40519362688064575,
0.23257797956466675,
-0.2398916333913803,
-0.08874864131212234,
0.5469688773155212,
0.153656005859375,
-0.3402944803237915,
-0.43731218576431274,
0.203369140625,
0.2786020040512085,
0.24711726605892181,
0.30527907609939575,
0.0009436974069103599,
-0.3026592433452606,
-0.2039419263601303,
0.24554443359375,
0.24338003993034363,
0.5468233823776245,
0.038104716688394547,
-0.3131702244281769,
-0.8484825491905212,
0.4288423955440521,
0.27236878871917725,
-0.2502910792827606,
-0.05741960182785988,
0.09460361301898956,
-0.23736102879047394,
0.5865384340286255,
-0.12570659816265106,
0.5920222401618958,
0.7475961446762085,
0.27722638845443726,
0.11206758767366409,
0.3750093877315521,
0.561598539352417,
0.3810283839702606,
-0.1725691258907318,
0.3950946629047394,
-0.12948139011859894,
-0.25686880946159363,
-0.3188007175922394,
-0.4229266941547394,
0.1031036376953125,
0.3534686863422394,
0.549269437789917,
-0.11026939749717712,
0.15208786725997925,
-0.009634091518819332,
0.3571307957172394,
0.1881479173898697,
-0.012822077609598637,
0.5207895040512085,
0.184123694896698,
0.10555032640695572,
0.4632098972797394,
0.19618576765060425,
-0.11287513375282288,
0.3976956903934479,
0.11203237622976303,
-0.02435332164168358,
-0.2965181767940521,
0.738206148147583,
0.3913949728012085,
0.12126907706260681,
-0.2674936056137085,
0.17425566911697388,
0.01782776229083538,
-0.08553548902273178,
0.40809983015060425,
0.4649564325809479,
-0.15714909136295319,
-0.4271334111690521,
0.21567241847515106,
0.16599567234516144,
-0.2685452997684479,
0.05090266093611717,
0.37009841203689575,
-0.3332144021987915,
0.27633902430534363,
0.28296369314193726,
-0.17143528163433075,
-0.02431473322212696,
-0.16800278425216675,
0.717041015625,
-0.041810691356658936,
0.697265625,
0.4522235691547394,
0.2811279296875,
-0.3478910028934479,
-0.14555072784423828,
0.15553928911685944,
0.18285897374153137,
0.2414175122976303,
0.4409085810184479,
-0.43959397077560425,
-0.37086838483810425,
-0.17847618460655212,
-0.4293588399887085,
0.0843144953250885,
-0.18788811564445496,
0.10748760402202606,
0.07578922808170319,
-0.20594669878482819,
-0.4395845830440521,
-0.02875812165439129,
0.44480544328689575,
-0.2823486328125,
0.16763247549533844,
0.3766995966434479,
-0.11822304129600525,
0.15695308148860931,
-0.14102230966091156,
0.22193321585655212,
0.20399826765060425,
0.195953369140625,
-0.20219539105892181,
0.16736426949501038,
-0.07854285836219788,
-0.03033740632236004,
0.38063400983810425,
0.04417360574007034,
-0.27167218923568726,
0.4236215353012085,
-0.06186617165803909,
0.20184326171875,
0.14482703804969788,
-0.3876577615737915,
-0.06948324292898178,
-0.3739013671875,
0.18683800101280212,
0.1703301966190338,
0.18303444981575012,
0.11474374681711197,
-0.211669921875,
-0.3819110691547394,
0.2844379246234894,
0.1930776685476303,
-0.04993262514472008,
-0.021228495985269547,
-0.029368767514824867,
-0.31298357248306274,
0.35236066579818726,
0.6552922129631042,
-0.2785175144672394,
0.09030855447053909,
0.3112886846065521,
-0.2740408182144165,
0.798828125,
0.4108792841434479,
-0.12606026232242584,
0.051896315068006516,
0.19739972054958344,
0.04422231763601303,
0.5105543732643127,
0.17800667881965637,
-0.1426004320383072,
0.08083882927894592,
0.2552020847797394,
-0.14085505902767181,
-0.13626274466514587,
0.10140287131071091,
0.37057730555534363,
0.4093111455440521,
-0.010772338137030602,
0.43609148263931274,
-0.5478703379631042,
-0.32712966203689575,
0.2870718240737915,
0.41064453125,
0.19742995500564575,
0.14068134129047394,
0.8245192170143127,
-0.009258050471544266,
-0.1259237378835678,
0.6703256368637085,
-0.14841872453689575,
-0.07745126634836197,
0.1729501634836197,
0.4453218877315521,
-0.07509906589984894,
0.19668227434158325,
0.18659386038780212,
-0.28277587890625,
-0.1644521802663803,
0.1676260083913803,
-0.13392052054405212,
0.23851364850997925,
-0.3413555324077606,
0.014346783049404621,
-0.2839871942996979,
0.025278238579630852,
-0.09039042890071869,
0.6091496348381042,
0.02446746826171875,
-0.2818245589733124,
-0.003248948371037841,
0.006511981599032879,
0.15141883492469788,
-0.13423362374305725,
0.1376953125,
-0.16570106148719788,
0.5576171875,
-0.4734638035297394,
-0.053611498326063156,
0.5279259085655212,
-0.02277080900967121,
-0.28842398524284363,
-0.18105843663215637,
0.701904296875,
-0.13233596086502075,
0.22988656163215637,
0.4445331394672394,
-0.39988356828689575,
-0.2541034519672394,
0.41118913888931274,
0.25118783116340637,
0.8334585428237915,
0.21321457624435425,
0.07945075631141663,
0.579664945602417,
0.012496361508965492,
0.26132437586784363,
-0.15036480128765106,
-0.21842604875564575,
0.13798640668392181,
0.19450496137142181,
-0.5496873259544373,
0.15757106244564056,
0.0036896925885230303,
-0.13965900242328644,
-0.10933040082454681,
0.6580904722213745,
-0.10916724801063538,
-0.3083965480327606,
0.17353233695030212,
-0.28542855381965637,
0.36448317766189575,
-0.18815143406391144,
0.9288612008094788,
-0.4493502080440521,
0.136745423078537,
0.037945087999105453,
-0.02718881517648697,
0.0010020916815847158,
0.29070574045181274,
-0.15345646440982819,
0.12369085848331451,
0.16609250009059906,
-0.12163221091032028,
0.33384352922439575,
0.11761239916086197,
0.17635932564735413,
-0.19827035069465637,
0.0038839487824589014,
-0.06797438114881516,
-0.07348163425922394,
0.5509690642356873,
0.03732065111398697,
0.4923565089702606,
0.671875,
-0.12295649945735931,
-0.10264118015766144,
0.28240495920181274,
0.5060847401618958,
-0.026193179190158844,
0.15600703656673431,
0.030913133174180984,
-0.16022197902202606,
-0.1028178259730339,
-0.12034313380718231,
-0.02044208161532879,
-0.02627328783273697,
0.42307692766189575,
0.6868614554405212,
0.17373421788215637,
-0.2945462763309479,
0.014607355929911137,
-0.02641765959560871,
0.33347028493881226,
0.6628605723381042,
0.18154671788215637,
0.204376220703125,
0.543626070022583,
0.37412673234939575,
-0.06013547629117966,
-0.45708757638931274,
-0.1399383544921875,
-0.18589431047439575,
0.36586350202560425,
-0.23972027003765106,
0.048312846571207047,
0.13471397757530212,
0.03881366550922394,
0.14515334367752075,
-0.1416097730398178,
-0.17501303553581238,
-0.5405648946762085,
-0.19313400983810425,
0.45590445399284363,
0.03896243870258331,
0.020206157118082047,
-0.07535494118928909,
0.4417818486690521,
0.517578125,
0.6915940642356873,
4.172776222229004,
-0.0628204345703125,
0.10071857273578644,
-0.15342624485492706,
-0.06427720934152603,
-0.07792957127094269,
0.5403019785881042,
-0.23496539890766144,
-0.0726969763636589,
-0.4197528660297394,
-0.10969308763742447,
-0.07173655927181244,
0.011479304172098637,
0.015479748137295246,
-0.24803748726844788,
0.09068474173545837,
0.3264864385128021,
0.056881245225667953,
-0.13215401768684387,
0.2670147120952606,
-0.30111458897590637,
0.5047231912612915,
0.14207576215267181,
0.24746234714984894,
0.5600398182868958,
-0.14598670601844788,
0.18873009085655212,
0.24998855590820312,
0.5469876527786255,
0.08997873216867447,
0.5516639351844788,
-0.11575666069984436,
-0.00959279015660286,
-0.23866623640060425,
-0.8018704652786255,
0.5885667204856873,
0.3471444845199585,
0.06934767216444016,
0.20502647757530212,
-0.3023681640625,
0.05372032895684242,
-0.2108529955148697,
0.6597712635993958,
0.3866436183452606,
0.21843543648719788,
-0.15691669285297394,
-0.28628304600715637,
0.4017240107059479,
0.02436593919992447,
-0.10036879032850266,
0.4441293478012085,
0.008174309507012367,
-0.2742919921875,
-0.3681265115737915,
0.10391353070735931,
0.4576885402202606,
-0.031233567744493484,
0.5465182065963745,
-0.08925218135118484,
-0.11675380170345306,
0.1304168701171875,
-0.30025190114974976,
0.08786949515342712,
0.18042461574077606,
-0.36655837297439575,
0.024547282606363297,
0.05492929369211197,
0.09923377633094788,
-0.0809616670012474,
-0.061812181025743484,
-0.07911329716444016,
0.32838791608810425,
0.26928240060806274,
-0.35740309953689575,
0.3116079568862915,
-0.495849609375,
-0.42409104108810425,
-0.051260728389024734,
-0.3282095193862915,
-0.08727088570594788,
0.1327485293149948,
0.11084336787462234,
0.14012381434440613,
0.06508754193782806,
-0.23319771885871887,
0.5445462465286255,
0.039885006844997406,
-0.1000608280301094,
0.2777944803237915,
-0.12996262311935425,
0.2525118291378021,
0.059337910264730453,
0.004580571316182613,
0.13033324480056763,
0.38740891218185425,
0.46059006452560425,
-0.21275123953819275,
-3.931941032409668,
-0.025636525824666023,
-0.055640000849962234,
0.14932015538215637,
0.18977238237857819,
0.06514769047498703,
0.14751258492469788,
0.5750826597213745,
-0.11087153851985931,
0.5677302479743958,
0.11192439496517181,
0.15863037109375,
-0.35515886545181274,
0.47543570399284363,
0.21605975925922394,
0.11104686558246613,
0.26580810546875,
0.019449086859822273,
0.532883882522583,
-0.06114725023508072,
0.42857009172439575,
0.002559221815317869,
0.45746320486068726,
-0.07274509966373444,
0.36285871267318726,
0.15803879499435425,
0.36074593663215637,
-0.18847420811653137,
0.48561447858810425,
-0.2658456563949585,
0.0466710589826107,
-0.12652650475502014,
0.2990253269672394,
-0.23539851605892181,
0.16445967555046082,
-0.0035676222760230303,
0.5387620329856873,
0.15307089686393738,
0.506272554397583,
0.15197136998176575,
0.08301103860139847,
-0.014851496554911137,
0.15066763758659363,
0.336669921875,
0.3241811990737915,
0.3188241720199585,
-0.07169517874717712,
0.14915789663791656,
-0.175537109375,
0.11457590013742447,
0.07488250732421875,
0.13837608695030212,
-0.14268375933170319,
0.19520217180252075,
0.5626126527786255,
-0.08391981571912766,
0.037934523075819016,
0.04609500616788864,
0.39390212297439575,
0.3545673191547394,
0.24176964163780212,
-0.2604135274887085,
0.1254492551088333,
-0.20378464460372925,
0.5075401663780212,
-0.26958757638931274,
-0.20639389753341675,
0.20451003313064575,
0.13288997113704681,
-0.23622600734233856,
0.26279741525650024,
0.3870474100112915,
-0.09271592646837234,
-0.05217067897319794,
0.0165072213858366,
0.23505108058452606,
-0.241424560546875,
-0.02520722523331642,
0.7431640625,
0.2778308689594269,
-0.13965782523155212,
0.17765690386295319,
-0.38523513078689575,
0.13932858407497406,
2.236703634262085,
0.2571927607059479,
2.226262092590332,
-0.14475777745246887,
0.29026442766189575,
0.19300255179405212,
-0.2808321416378021,
0.2507230341434479,
0.05732257664203644,
0.2181619554758072,
0.27325910329818726,
0.11542760580778122,
-0.2742919921875,
-0.0027220798656344414,
-0.3077768087387085,
-0.3376558721065521,
0.297607421875,
-0.777052640914917,
0.20555701851844788,
-0.12882408499717712,
0.2914945185184479,
0.08265803754329681,
0.0713612511754036,
0.4139404296875,
0.3457782566547394,
0.27740949392318726,
0.2136606127023697,
-0.052155714482069016,
0.27968186140060425,
-0.11454127728939056,
0.11208152770996094,
-0.07967934012413025,
0.4369365870952606,
0.2363656908273697,
0.3829345703125,
-0.030798545107245445,
-0.13967660069465637,
4.698317527770996,
0.37106558680534363,
-0.19545510411262512,
0.2334829419851303,
0.3100961446762085,
0.07802405953407288,
0.6246995329856873,
-0.125396728515625,
-0.047943115234375,
-0.02895589917898178,
-0.03534404933452606,
0.30011221766471863,
-0.033477783203125,
0.14646793901920319,
0.19758957624435425,
-0.03834563121199608,
0.45363205671310425,
0.37815505266189575,
0.7282527089118958,
0.14982810616493225,
0.31711989641189575,
0.20011784136295319,
0.5254469513893127,
-0.10110444575548172,
-0.01798263005912304,
0.3823617696762085,
0.027778038755059242,
-0.12446711957454681,
-0.04858897253870964,
-0.11260228604078293,
-0.04535616189241409,
5.462740421295166,
0.09702535718679428,
0.03663107007741928,
-0.06384159624576569,
0.30556076765060425,
0.007487370632588863,
-0.11918581277132034,
0.1734689623117447,
-0.2456430345773697,
-0.06262852251529694,
0.01899190992116928,
0.23217304050922394,
-0.10437246412038803,
0.4964505732059479,
-0.2961331903934479,
0.044101420789957047,
0.12097637355327606,
0.0380675233900547,
0.13607552647590637,
-0.2073974609375,
0.4862529933452606,
-0.4716421365737915,
0.3536846339702606,
-0.2620450556278229,
0.09788542240858078,
0.15887686610221863,
-0.4083721339702606,
-0.20913578569889069,
-0.2527982294559479,
-0.03233924135565758,
0.4242037236690521,
0.44578200578689575,
-0.22191913425922394,
0.32969313859939575,
-0.2808566391468048,
0.08398143947124481,
0.3429800271987915,
0.011533296667039394,
0.48479753732681274,
-0.09323295950889587,
0.4299691915512085,
0.6378079652786255,
-0.9361854195594788,
-0.3093778192996979,
0.07177852094173431,
-0.044536296278238297,
-0.26730582118034363,
-0.14579890668392181,
-0.20159442722797394,
0.21028019487857819,
0.21238826215267181,
0.09614328294992447,
0.9154897928237915,
-0.3602224588394165,
0.004950257483869791,
-0.12056086957454681,
-0.04624469578266144,
0.3214862644672394,
-0.4081279933452606,
-0.3902494013309479,
0.4019681513309479,
0.11261573433876038,
-0.005545395892113447,
0.23386207222938538,
0.16985145211219788,
0.18795013427734375,
0.06566385179758072,
-0.23281624913215637,
0.69970703125,
-0.12974430620670319,
-0.06051195412874222,
0.6730581521987915,
0.01597708836197853,
-0.25251153111457825,
0.05622687563300133,
-0.05932851880788803,
0.06982539594173431,
-0.013606438413262367,
-0.01538357324898243,
0.23460505902767181,
-0.13666710257530212,
-0.18399392068386078,
-0.23252516984939575,
-0.5574293732643127,
-0.18952824175357819,
-0.22074654698371887,
-0.4799429178237915,
-0.11443622410297394,
0.27261191606521606,
0.013963625766336918,
0.2412109375,
-0.08821839839220047,
-0.3163311183452606,
0.09048689156770706,
-0.2060312181711197,
0.15285727381706238,
0.627760648727417,
0.15188834071159363,
0.47152945399284363,
-0.007101425901055336,
-0.004560030531138182,
0.24610549211502075,
-0.2910860478878021,
-0.022558506578207016,
0.14016959071159363,
-0.15960223972797394,
0.10514244437217712,
-0.000012911283192806877,
0.1682973951101303,
-0.10543119162321091,
0.671311616897583,
0.513352632522583,
-0.25116437673568726,
-0.06969510763883591,
0.17015662789344788
] |
2009
|
What hormones does the thyroid produce?
|
[
{
"docid": "18455584#0",
"text": "Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T) and thyroxine (T). They are tyrosine-based hormones that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T and T are partially composed of iodine. A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T and T, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T), which has a longer half-life than T. In humans, the ratio of T to T released into the blood is approximately 14:1. T is converted to the active T (three to four times more potent than T) within cells by deiodinases (5'-iodinase). These are further processed by decarboxylation and deiodination to produce iodothyronamine (Ta) and thyronamine (Ta). All three isoforms of the deiodinases are selenium-containing enzymes, thus dietary selenium is essential for T production. Edward Calvin Kendall was responsible for the isolation of thyroxine in 1915.",
"title": "Thyroid hormones"
},
{
"docid": "18455584#22",
"text": "The thyroid hormones function via a well-studied set of nuclear receptors, termed the thyroid hormone receptors. These receptors, together with corepressor molecules, bind DNA regions called thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) near genes. This receptor-corepressor-DNA complex can block gene transcription. Triiodothyronine (T3), which is the active form of thyroxine(T4), goes on to bind to receptors. The deiodinase catalyzed reaction removes an iodine atom from the 5' position of the outer aromatic ring of Thyroxine's (T4) structure. When triiodothyronine (T3) binds a receptor, it induces a conformational change in the receptor, displacing the corepressor from the complex. This leads to recruitment of coactivator proteins and RNA polymerase, activating transcription of the gene.",
"title": "Thyroid hormones"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "18455584#10",
"text": "Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a 660 kDa, dimeric protein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is produced by attaching iodine atoms to the ring structures of this protein's tyrosine residues; thyroxine (T) contains four iodine atoms, while triiodothyronine (T), otherwise identical to T, has one less iodine atom per molecule. The thyroglobulin protein accounts for approximately half of the protein content of the thyroid gland. Each thyroglobulin molecule contains approximately 100-120 tyrosine residues, a small number of which (<20) are subject to iodination catalysed by thyroperoxidase. The same enzyme then catalyses \"coupling\" of one modified tyrosine with another, via a free radical-mediated reaction, and when these iodinated bicyclic molecules are released by hydrolysis of the protein, T3 and T4 are the result. Therefore, each thyroglobulin protein molecule ultimately yields very small amounts of thyroid hormone (experimentally observed to be on the order of 5-6 molecules of either T4 or T3 per original molecule of thyroglobulin).",
"title": "Thyroid hormones"
}
] |
[
0.3970540463924408,
0.406005859375,
0.1944783478975296,
-0.0004798041481990367,
0.04681142047047615,
0.3446044921875,
0.4224175214767456,
-0.3032768964767456,
0.053741455078125,
0.2283189594745636,
-0.2884182333946228,
-0.3095024824142456,
-0.11313226819038391,
0.6759440302848816,
-0.3675943911075592,
-0.1860080361366272,
0.4545356035232544,
0.1455078125,
-0.12013435363769531,
0.394287109375,
0.2064751535654068,
0.6473524570465088,
0.4712999165058136,
-0.1078592911362648,
0.3921305239200592,
-0.2712809145450592,
-0.02691226452589035,
0.2949489951133728,
0.5185275673866272,
0.4388292133808136,
0.3329128623008728,
0.05545637384057045,
-0.2865668535232544,
0.3283589780330658,
0.11248779296875,
0.4436849057674408,
0.5137803554534912,
0.1674312949180603,
-0.2678087055683136,
0.1506076455116272,
-0.2996147871017456,
0.2528347373008728,
-0.02553897351026535,
-0.0432213693857193,
0.16748046875,
0.1352149099111557,
0.0746086984872818,
0.4012586772441864,
0.048663243651390076,
0.4347873330116272,
-0.2705213725566864,
0.2982991635799408,
0.325927734375,
-0.1597696989774704,
-0.10588794201612473,
0.4898546040058136,
0.1249593123793602,
0.5288357138633728,
0.420166015625,
-0.08108774572610855,
0.3674587607383728,
0.3119167685508728,
-0.1826104074716568,
-0.00664435513317585,
0.07504865527153015,
0.3232693076133728,
0.1559244841337204,
0.01745181530714035,
0.3021104633808136,
0.1628587543964386,
0.1912299245595932,
0.7262369990348816,
0.1605156809091568,
0.2667507529258728,
-0.2274237722158432,
-0.2884657084941864,
-0.001861572265625,
0.1997511088848114,
0.2494642436504364,
0.10067812353372574,
0.3076646625995636,
-0.2541368305683136,
0.0497419573366642,
0.4048393964767456,
-0.3989529013633728,
0.1358574777841568,
0.2237548828125,
0.1445549875497818,
0.08916812390089035,
0.2417059987783432,
-0.0377248115837574,
0.0941145122051239,
0.17359669506549835,
-0.024246640503406525,
-0.0891655832529068,
0.1917928010225296,
0.06220923364162445,
-0.3856472373008728,
0.1208597794175148,
-0.3108859658241272,
0.1168416365981102,
-0.2530381977558136,
0.06022220104932785,
0.2884758710861206,
0.1830596923828125,
-0.3736979067325592,
-0.1690029501914978,
-0.0965372696518898,
0.013714260421693325,
0.2607693076133728,
0.5243055820465088,
-0.3140326738357544,
-0.2940334677696228,
-0.10711076855659485,
0.5552300214767456,
0.2785102128982544,
0.3088616132736206,
-0.4283854067325592,
-0.4469536542892456,
-0.7548285722732544,
0.3057183027267456,
0.4631076455116272,
-0.1861979216337204,
-0.06386905163526535,
-0.4191758930683136,
-0.2252282053232193,
0.7392035722732544,
0.03706953302025795,
0.3389417827129364,
0.6055772304534912,
0.0354258231818676,
0.1149156391620636,
0.0828484445810318,
0.9168294072151184,
0.6439073085784912,
0.1520046591758728,
0.4224717915058136,
0.2585856020450592,
-0.5979546308517456,
-0.2938368022441864,
-0.2380913645029068,
-0.1519300639629364,
0.2537095844745636,
0.5317518711090088,
-0.2078111469745636,
0.2477484792470932,
-0.2633463442325592,
0.473876953125,
-0.0914866104722023,
0.2134602814912796,
0.1387736052274704,
0.2485758513212204,
-0.013667636550962925,
0.4111056923866272,
0.1315155029296875,
-0.1332940012216568,
0.4854600727558136,
-0.1418626606464386,
-0.07154253125190735,
0.0235129464417696,
0.78369140625,
0.4085015058517456,
-0.3541395366191864,
0.110260009765625,
0.009579128585755825,
0.12182828783988953,
0.0963304340839386,
0.5851508378982544,
0.5647786259651184,
-0.0355444997549057,
-0.02156575582921505,
0.1273871511220932,
-0.2362196147441864,
0.005501323379576206,
0.3411729633808136,
0.07181845605373383,
-0.011508517898619175,
0.02242533303797245,
0.0136430524289608,
0.4582248330116272,
0.2116563618183136,
0.2034132182598114,
0.3348659873008728,
-0.1902533620595932,
0.6368272304534912,
0.3168402910232544,
0.1540323942899704,
-0.3597276508808136,
-0.2445271760225296,
-0.2935723066329956,
0.021543502807617188,
0.0680101215839386,
0.5554165244102478,
0.06114186346530914,
-0.048980712890625,
0.03061506524682045,
-0.2866889238357544,
0.4545084536075592,
-0.0996365025639534,
0.04527197778224945,
0.0910864919424057,
-0.1650322824716568,
-0.4474283754825592,
-0.0490366630256176,
0.2854275107383728,
-0.4476725161075592,
0.10504150390625,
0.1248304545879364,
-0.2524549663066864,
-0.4235025942325592,
0.1297556608915329,
0.123931884765625,
0.1656494140625,
0.3892415463924408,
0.0735812708735466,
-0.060715701431035995,
-0.11228857934474945,
-0.3117268979549408,
0.3974880576133728,
0.15716552734375,
-0.00543975830078125,
0.14703369140625,
-0.04963355511426926,
-0.3248494565486908,
0.168548583984375,
-0.2996147871017456,
0.03483252972364426,
-0.5046115517616272,
0.294189453125,
-0.0527258962392807,
0.3482666015625,
0.08505672961473465,
0.1991102397441864,
0.1262342631816864,
0.0864122211933136,
0.059043459594249725,
0.0534447580575943,
0.1331007182598114,
-0.1841227263212204,
-0.168426513671875,
-0.0823533833026886,
0.04755740612745285,
-0.1439310759305954,
-0.1296657919883728,
0.5138888955116272,
-0.2404513955116272,
0.0736151784658432,
0.2596435546875,
-0.2940538227558136,
0.0335354283452034,
0.1919369101524353,
-0.1700575053691864,
0.2026028037071228,
0.4427083432674408,
-0.1340654194355011,
0.2325541228055954,
-0.06224483996629715,
0.2595757246017456,
0.2865329384803772,
0.1645100861787796,
-0.0709143728017807,
0.09093931317329407,
0.6106770634651184,
0.2335883229970932,
-0.2263726145029068,
-0.2498372346162796,
0.1868896484375,
0.6239149570465088,
-0.0920884907245636,
0.4779459536075592,
0.01184844970703125,
-0.0551520437002182,
0.435302734375,
-0.2111341655254364,
-0.3888075053691864,
0.0893792062997818,
0.3582763671875,
0.1567450612783432,
-0.3344455361366272,
0.39899444580078125,
0.4441189169883728,
-0.0877697765827179,
-0.3987630307674408,
0.2667914628982544,
0.3120252788066864,
0.0731675922870636,
0.6095649003982544,
-0.1729532927274704,
0.0486636683344841,
0.22430419921875,
0.0357750803232193,
0.4039171040058136,
-0.08194690197706223,
-0.5938584804534912,
-0.1760016530752182,
0.13244543969631195,
0.4368218183517456,
-0.047429826110601425,
0.1461724191904068,
0.0998823344707489,
0.3727756142616272,
-0.4678005576133728,
0.1005011647939682,
0.5405544638633728,
0.2165662944316864,
-0.2742377519607544,
-0.4057820737361908,
-0.0233908761292696,
-0.3367241621017456,
0.2409769743680954,
-0.1107296422123909,
-0.1103380024433136,
-0.1280246376991272,
0.1119825541973114,
0.3434244692325592,
0.2532077431678772,
-0.06101565808057785,
0.0624813511967659,
0.6595594882965088,
-0.0386878103017807,
-0.17073991894721985,
0.21697998046875,
-0.2876926064491272,
-0.13607873022556305,
0.1825697124004364,
-0.2062343955039978,
0.3029513955116272,
-0.1543375700712204,
-0.249542236328125,
-0.4286838173866272,
0.1813557893037796,
-0.2259046733379364,
-0.12089962512254715,
-0.011905246414244175,
-0.3168674111366272,
-0.0450320765376091,
-0.2651638388633728,
0.4691026508808136,
-0.10093434900045395,
-0.2620442807674408,
-0.1537102609872818,
0.0424974225461483,
-0.1819932758808136,
0.2459581196308136,
0.1947360634803772,
0.02478790283203125,
0.2492946982383728,
0.1183641254901886,
0.2470567524433136,
-0.00027826096629723907,
0.2086147665977478,
-0.2152235209941864,
0.01940494030714035,
-0.4098035991191864,
-0.18951416015625,
0.4345974326133728,
0.0762803852558136,
0.10703277587890625,
0.1425713449716568,
-0.0793440043926239,
0.4007703959941864,
-0.3243001401424408,
0.0253736712038517,
0.2418755441904068,
0.3257107138633728,
-0.0713907852768898,
-0.0011965433368459344,
-0.2994520366191864,
0.07056766003370285,
0.06265004724264145,
0.3643120527267456,
-0.10973528027534485,
-0.0867750346660614,
0.008989651687443256,
-0.1207071915268898,
-0.0803561732172966,
0.1119927316904068,
0.5067816972732544,
0.5493435263633728,
0.0553775355219841,
-0.1586507111787796,
0.6418728232383728,
0.6757270097732544,
-0.3465711772441864,
0.3297390341758728,
-0.0646413192152977,
-0.1272786408662796,
-0.1755303293466568,
-0.07476806640625,
-0.3107096254825592,
-0.1418592631816864,
-0.1437513530254364,
-0.30560302734375,
0.2286902517080307,
0.0710483118891716,
-0.2988552451133728,
-0.1432325541973114,
0.0199313685297966,
0.07593663781881332,
0.0705430805683136,
-0.3504774272441864,
0.3635525107383728,
0.4391818642616272,
0.5394151210784912,
4.141927242279053,
0.1412692666053772,
0.4459364116191864,
0.2559293210506439,
-0.112213134765625,
-0.11431884765625,
-0.3534613847732544,
-0.0833825021982193,
-0.0894300639629364,
0.2456190288066864,
0.011800765991210938,
0.088134765625,
-0.2058851420879364,
0.6780598759651184,
-0.2825249433517456,
0.1938205361366272,
0.5866428017616272,
0.3969184160232544,
0.08173031359910965,
0.3754068911075592,
-0.3094618022441864,
0.8629014492034912,
-0.1077643483877182,
-0.06503041833639145,
0.65625,
-0.0069219800643622875,
0.2302296906709671,
0.1569722443819046,
0.3500705361366272,
0.3544243574142456,
0.2493353933095932,
0.2236667275428772,
-0.3166978657245636,
0.1255238801240921,
-0.5384114384651184,
-0.0646599680185318,
0.5074598789215088,
-0.1516011506319046,
0.093292236328125,
0.0651279017329216,
-0.5881076455116272,
0.2364366352558136,
0.4569770097732544,
0.1999189555644989,
0.4420979917049408,
-0.17109648883342743,
0.2997707724571228,
0.1336466521024704,
-0.3444553017616272,
-0.25513458251953125,
0.4634060263633728,
0.1561347097158432,
-0.12261962890625,
0.03796619921922684,
0.3760850727558136,
0.5031467080116272,
0.1715901643037796,
0.17633056640625,
-0.0672370046377182,
-0.1134609654545784,
0.1358269602060318,
0.117431640625,
0.06760067492723465,
0.0711398646235466,
-0.3421224057674408,
0.3428548276424408,
0.2403021901845932,
0.2122938334941864,
0.1922471821308136,
-0.0214504674077034,
0.7012261152267456,
0.3849962055683136,
0.14805009961128235,
-0.6119520664215088,
0.27783203125,
0.37103271484375,
-0.5293239951133728,
-0.13311767578125,
0.12012311816215515,
0.014013396576046944,
0.0863783061504364,
-0.5813801884651184,
-0.1500922292470932,
0.3380805253982544,
-0.1201409250497818,
0.6120334267616272,
0.2602810263633728,
-0.4057074785232544,
0.3816460371017456,
-0.02695719338953495,
0.02656979113817215,
0.2480536550283432,
-0.037170834839344025,
0.1869303435087204,
0.1208733469247818,
0.10996118932962418,
-0.370635986328125,
-3.936414957046509,
-0.0888739675283432,
-0.2227986603975296,
-0.1469590961933136,
0.2461887001991272,
0.1669040322303772,
0.0400780588388443,
0.1669481098651886,
-0.4167751669883728,
0.3797200620174408,
-0.268310546875,
0.1995035856962204,
-0.1412285715341568,
0.7152777910232544,
0.3184814453125,
0.0919155552983284,
0.1350691020488739,
0.2066107839345932,
0.3555094301700592,
-0.2337782084941864,
-0.0139600969851017,
0.4956325888633728,
0.3726128339767456,
-0.6066352128982544,
-0.3481852114200592,
-0.000270843505859375,
0.1995137482881546,
-0.3396809995174408,
0.1886528879404068,
0.1433241069316864,
0.0311601422727108,
0.08187823742628098,
0.5076497197151184,
-0.005184597335755825,
-0.1640421599149704,
0.030249370262026787,
-0.00881210993975401,
-0.02004496194422245,
-0.0428873710334301,
0.3557942807674408,
-0.4054361879825592,
-0.2827419638633728,
0.3843587338924408,
-0.1082611083984375,
-0.0818718820810318,
0.0893995463848114,
-0.3083902895450592,
0.2559136152267456,
-0.3198106586933136,
0.0529022216796875,
0.4748806357383728,
0.0901387557387352,
0.0827263742685318,
0.1096632182598114,
0.6478949785232544,
-0.00521002896130085,
-0.2903510332107544,
0.1616550087928772,
0.3965386152267456,
0.049215104430913925,
0.1170230433344841,
0.02453189343214035,
0.1164177805185318,
0.2047136127948761,
0.2940131425857544,
-0.0738644078373909,
0.3387179970741272,
-0.1597324013710022,
-0.0690578892827034,
-0.2828386127948761,
0.4819878339767456,
0.2439778596162796,
0.1259901225566864,
0.0419955775141716,
0.1074015274643898,
0.4484049379825592,
-0.1807793527841568,
0.2658555805683136,
0.5946180820465088,
0.3829752504825592,
-0.0895453542470932,
-0.1871134489774704,
-0.2475857138633728,
0.2112223356962204,
2.311089515686035,
0.3414442241191864,
2.260199546813965,
-0.2210693359375,
-0.1142306849360466,
0.5364854335784912,
-0.03073628805577755,
0.1788737028837204,
0.190185546875,
-0.1265919953584671,
0.2900526225566864,
-0.022601021453738213,
0.1268242746591568,
0.2082044780254364,
-0.2575547993183136,
-0.4222276508808136,
0.2009006142616272,
-0.8144802451133728,
0.14395564794540405,
-0.1915690153837204,
-0.01563178189098835,
-0.3488905131816864,
-0.06870131939649582,
0.462158203125,
0.2717963457107544,
-0.053672365844249725,
0.2767740786075592,
0.0868055522441864,
-0.10498046875,
-0.4986979067325592,
0.4423285722732544,
0.2549506425857544,
0.2936062216758728,
0.1278703510761261,
0.1557888388633728,
0.04271528497338295,
0.08135053515434265,
4.752170085906982,
0.3355577290058136,
-0.2035793662071228,
0.01659562811255455,
0.3508843183517456,
0.305450439453125,
0.1866455078125,
-0.3002522885799408,
0.04294755682349205,
0.09138856828212738,
0.1641438752412796,
0.3558892011642456,
-0.247802734375,
0.1812540739774704,
0.2433403879404068,
-0.3172878623008728,
-0.043080225586891174,
0.0889841690659523,
-0.0893181711435318,
0.015688154846429825,
-0.0966729074716568,
0.28125,
0.4461534321308136,
-0.1754353791475296,
-0.0013116201153025031,
0.2442355751991272,
-0.2049526572227478,
-0.092376708984375,
-0.0088742570951581,
0.3510199785232544,
0.1009572371840477,
5.495659828186035,
0.1858384907245636,
0.004112720489501953,
-0.1078965961933136,
0.0403323695063591,
0.132415771484375,
-0.1766425222158432,
0.0514628104865551,
-0.14941957592964172,
-0.06646728515625,
0.1007520854473114,
-0.0452406145632267,
0.002162509597837925,
0.1019558385014534,
-0.0717943012714386,
-0.1374172568321228,
-0.108367919921875,
-0.1928778737783432,
-0.1601799875497818,
0.08600679785013199,
0.1868082731962204,
0.2549099326133728,
0.3417697548866272,
-0.031581878662109375,
0.009867350570857525,
-0.2914767861366272,
0.2455647736787796,
0.3193901777267456,
-0.2595553994178772,
-0.05919647216796875,
0.1836615651845932,
0.7017143964767456,
-0.1634589284658432,
0.3017849326133728,
0.2410481721162796,
0.2698499858379364,
0.1340908408164978,
0.48193359375,
0.4048393964767456,
-0.1846991628408432,
0.5145127773284912,
0.3745659589767456,
-0.0531226247549057,
0.4910888671875,
0.053009457886219025,
0.029198117554187775,
0.0507337786257267,
-0.2051459401845932,
0.1762627512216568,
0.07793426513671875,
0.1487206369638443,
0.2030097097158432,
0.9420030117034912,
0.1374477744102478,
0.5397135615348816,
0.3257514238357544,
-0.2941352128982544,
-0.6257053017616272,
-0.1321478933095932,
-0.0062696668319404125,
0.7389323115348816,
0.0571221262216568,
-0.01445939764380455,
0.7139214277267456,
0.150421142578125,
0.0049769082106649876,
0.2413126677274704,
-0.05141787976026535,
0.4122450053691864,
-0.2653605043888092,
0.052642822265625,
0.0816006138920784,
-0.2374810129404068,
-0.03265232592821121,
-0.0484110526740551,
0.7488064169883728,
0.4441189169883728,
-0.3173285722732544,
-0.2385372519493103,
0.14778052270412445,
0.020649168640375137,
-0.1614040732383728,
-0.2368028461933136,
-0.0695563405752182,
0.1080898717045784,
0.06246466189622879,
-0.1668023020029068,
0.0006561279296875,
0.5621201992034912,
0.1233791783452034,
0.2879096269607544,
-0.12218984216451645,
-0.2772081196308136,
0.2695854902267456,
0.1729058176279068,
0.0586581751704216,
0.1656256765127182,
1.0168185234069824,
-0.3259141743183136,
0.1566365510225296,
-0.22139739990234375,
-0.0942264124751091,
0.4816623330116272,
-0.0613776296377182,
0.1637166291475296,
0.0077412924729287624,
0.0826551616191864,
0.1758626252412796,
0.1213734969496727,
-0.0602993443608284,
0.4352213442325592,
0.17055341601371765,
-0.0930277481675148,
-0.1313578337430954,
-0.01764848455786705
] |
2010
|
When was the AED invented?
|
[
{
"docid": "286399#30",
"text": "The first use of an external defibrillator on a human was in 1947 by Claude Beck. The portable version of the defibrillator was invented in the mid-1960s by Frank Pantridge in Belfast, Northern Ireland, a pioneer in emergency medical treatment.",
"title": "Automated external defibrillator"
},
{
"docid": "286399#2",
"text": "The portable version of the defibrillator was invented in the mid-1960s by Frank Pantridge in Belfast, Northern Ireland.",
"title": "Automated external defibrillator"
}
] |
[] |
[
0.6514892578125,
-0.062286376953125,
0.21186065673828125,
0.3524169921875,
-0.3805694580078125,
0.13067626953125,
0.599945068359375,
-0.35711669921875,
0.0869903564453125,
0.342681884765625,
-0.1643218994140625,
-0.40399169921875,
-0.331207275390625,
-0.09519577026367188,
0.11549949645996094,
0.016185760498046875,
0.363372802734375,
-0.2602691650390625,
-0.1405172348022461,
0.0056056976318359375,
0.1367645263671875,
0.70538330078125,
0.057143211364746094,
0.02003192901611328,
0.05508995056152344,
0.07916259765625,
-0.287078857421875,
0.13115692138671875,
0.1932525634765625,
0.5302734375,
0.393096923828125,
-0.009858131408691406,
-0.23943328857421875,
0.487274169921875,
-0.3914642333984375,
0.460784912109375,
0.09004974365234375,
-0.1116943359375,
-0.06774711608886719,
0.2045440673828125,
-0.1294708251953125,
-0.1352062225341797,
0.43874359130859375,
0.2395477294921875,
0.1658172607421875,
0.09431266784667969,
0.23940277099609375,
-0.2406463623046875,
0.01792144775390625,
0.08646243810653687,
-0.19715118408203125,
0.10849761962890625,
-0.158782958984375,
-0.17350006103515625,
-0.2509613037109375,
0.89764404296875,
0.0312044620513916,
0.55340576171875,
-0.09273147583007812,
0.2433624267578125,
0.105560302734375,
-0.09041500091552734,
0.17137908935546875,
0.14241981506347656,
0.07116198539733887,
0.09354782104492188,
0.09222602844238281,
0.2227325439453125,
-0.013559818267822266,
0.2801971435546875,
0.13886642456054688,
0.12822723388671875,
0.43621826171875,
-0.08894157409667969,
0.0218505859375,
-0.19168472290039062,
0.17690658569335938,
0.12349700927734375,
0.21038818359375,
-0.07233047485351562,
0.14104461669921875,
-0.04183197021484375,
-0.07933807373046875,
0.51275634765625,
-0.1834259033203125,
0.1223444938659668,
0.05474281311035156,
0.480743408203125,
0.226409912109375,
0.34283447265625,
0.1951751708984375,
0.11914825439453125,
0.29730224609375,
-0.1361713409423828,
0.2021942138671875,
0.3635406494140625,
0.09348201751708984,
-0.374755859375,
0.2574310302734375,
-0.378692626953125,
0.338348388671875,
-0.19940948486328125,
-0.0423583984375,
0.1553497314453125,
-0.015190958976745605,
-0.42303466796875,
-0.32897186279296875,
-0.194122314453125,
0.447998046875,
0.340545654296875,
0.6956787109375,
-0.2766876220703125,
0.473175048828125,
-0.532684326171875,
0.186614990234375,
0.18314361572265625,
0.22882652282714844,
0.035858154296875,
-0.33269238471984863,
-0.758880615234375,
0.526214599609375,
0.319610595703125,
-0.262176513671875,
-0.15329360961914062,
-0.008087158203125,
-0.07179856300354004,
0.63555908203125,
-0.07880783081054688,
0.72735595703125,
0.62713623046875,
-0.09196782112121582,
0.2644500732421875,
-0.07754826545715332,
0.51690673828125,
-0.2063140869140625,
-0.02699756622314453,
0.31097412109375,
0.06205609440803528,
0.0878380537033081,
-0.35760498046875,
-0.3429718017578125,
0.22458648681640625,
0.42816162109375,
0.644744873046875,
-0.17352294921875,
0.09597396850585938,
-0.04571723937988281,
0.2137298583984375,
-0.16568756103515625,
0.3055419921875,
0.1920623779296875,
0.41192626953125,
-0.483642578125,
0.352386474609375,
-0.06518173217773438,
0.08542728424072266,
0.4808349609375,
0.3270416259765625,
0.052570343017578125,
0.1986846923828125,
0.74554443359375,
0.37762451171875,
0.13272857666015625,
-0.06868171691894531,
0.1594390869140625,
0.021085739135742188,
0.2353973388671875,
0.290771484375,
0.451019287109375,
-0.210662841796875,
-0.03674602508544922,
-0.226104736328125,
0.3656005859375,
-0.13495635986328125,
0.13694381713867188,
0.03428459167480469,
-0.09870690107345581,
0.07894325256347656,
0.1391448974609375,
-0.28560638427734375,
0.212310791015625,
0.15618896484375,
0.16535186767578125,
0.22698974609375,
0.54730224609375,
0.159088134765625,
0.4047698974609375,
-0.3307952880859375,
-0.465545654296875,
0.16741561889648438,
0.08336639404296875,
-0.007534027099609375,
0.47411346435546875,
-0.47772216796875,
-0.32110595703125,
0.13049888610839844,
0.02486419677734375,
-0.017102360725402832,
0.19119644165039062,
0.34637451171875,
-0.188446044921875,
0.23797607421875,
-0.37310791015625,
0.20611572265625,
0.32562255859375,
-0.314971923828125,
-0.355621337890625,
0.40301513671875,
-0.1588916778564453,
-0.1666259765625,
-0.19635391235351562,
0.0026786327362060547,
0.1983489990234375,
0.436553955078125,
0.03192281723022461,
0.18646240234375,
0.2672576904296875,
-0.037750959396362305,
0.513580322265625,
0.004665017127990723,
-0.2546234130859375,
0.611328125,
0.0077362060546875,
0.014089584350585938,
-0.07027530670166016,
-0.418701171875,
-0.20697021484375,
-0.591156005859375,
0.2269134521484375,
0.158111572265625,
0.3514404296875,
0.3480224609375,
0.13486480712890625,
-0.15047359466552734,
0.08599680662155151,
0.24304962158203125,
0.35848236083984375,
-0.0035486221313476562,
-0.050864219665527344,
-0.04667854309082031,
0.31298828125,
0.4147491455078125,
-0.2933502197265625,
-0.11791229248046875,
0.31817626953125,
-0.3317413330078125,
0.12710189819335938,
0.6820068359375,
-0.24420166015625,
-0.07635116577148438,
0.202606201171875,
-0.18341827392578125,
0.15644073486328125,
0.556793212890625,
-0.512176513671875,
0.2961883544921875,
-0.07061386108398438,
0.03305244445800781,
-0.07320022583007812,
-0.07448005676269531,
0.20053863525390625,
0.3707427978515625,
0.33270263671875,
0.42095947265625,
-0.09387969970703125,
0.03688812255859375,
0.1256866455078125,
0.421417236328125,
0.23089599609375,
0.52239990234375,
0.322998046875,
-0.3088226318359375,
0.153045654296875,
0.11119842529296875,
-0.2704010009765625,
0.09710693359375,
0.2760162353515625,
0.2317352294921875,
-0.297149658203125,
0.13694381713867188,
0.26938629150390625,
-0.1605072021484375,
-0.23052978515625,
0.1713409423828125,
0.3166046142578125,
0.56793212890625,
-0.1591339111328125,
-0.2747039794921875,
-0.1208648681640625,
-0.178375244140625,
0.0664520263671875,
0.56329345703125,
-0.055667877197265625,
-0.348480224609375,
0.25946044921875,
0.26215171813964844,
0.12117767333984375,
-0.1989593505859375,
0.03623008728027344,
-0.299163818359375,
0.52398681640625,
-0.64080810546875,
0.25260162353515625,
0.413543701171875,
-0.2876129150390625,
-0.39385986328125,
-0.3050384521484375,
0.3849945068359375,
-0.08172988891601562,
-0.2382659912109375,
0.4482879638671875,
-0.49176025390625,
-0.046813011169433594,
0.23897552490234375,
0.3304443359375,
0.1350860595703125,
-0.15164566040039062,
-0.055769920349121094,
0.523773193359375,
0.1267411708831787,
0.11753270030021667,
-0.010424613952636719,
-0.3249359130859375,
0.06859683990478516,
-0.027410507202148438,
-0.6018524169921875,
0.046661376953125,
-0.491912841796875,
0.188232421875,
-0.11516952514648438,
0.475860595703125,
0.028337478637695312,
-0.1951751708984375,
-0.15497589111328125,
-0.401885986328125,
0.1470789909362793,
-0.20818328857421875,
0.56988525390625,
-0.279205322265625,
0.07764053344726562,
-0.2057342529296875,
-0.014121055603027344,
0.07794189453125,
0.33673095703125,
-0.19091796875,
0.0763888955116272,
-0.34051513671875,
0.20545196533203125,
0.07420730590820312,
-0.19318389892578125,
0.24080657958984375,
0.08475208282470703,
-0.1916961669921875,
-0.10929179191589355,
0.06374740600585938,
0.87689208984375,
0.05583953857421875,
0.08451652526855469,
0.53857421875,
-0.260955810546875,
0.1426849365234375,
0.212158203125,
0.518951416015625,
0.06350517272949219,
0.3139190673828125,
0.259368896484375,
-0.2273406982421875,
-0.332244873046875,
0.11568140983581543,
-0.03891873359680176,
0.10358428955078125,
-0.1828765869140625,
-0.17467498779296875,
0.1944580078125,
-0.436492919921875,
0.06570911407470703,
0.033275604248046875,
0.541961669921875,
0.2970428466796875,
0.1203155517578125,
0.16339111328125,
0.443817138671875,
0.410003662109375,
-0.41961669921875,
-0.25708770751953125,
-0.001155853271484375,
-0.19439697265625,
0.014609575271606445,
0.13820648193359375,
-0.13289642333984375,
-0.053005218505859375,
-0.18372344970703125,
0.1033468246459961,
0.165283203125,
-0.09531307220458984,
-0.030426025390625,
-0.27557373046875,
-0.06096172332763672,
0.15842819213867188,
-0.08238601684570312,
0.030487060546875,
0.31537628173828125,
0.437042236328125,
0.432220458984375,
4.23828125,
0.0936431884765625,
0.3913726806640625,
-0.03015291690826416,
-0.22039794921875,
-0.017278671264648438,
0.260406494140625,
-0.521514892578125,
-0.005091667175292969,
0.2371826171875,
0.1715545654296875,
0.026979446411132812,
-0.0058231353759765625,
-0.26563262939453125,
-0.0940704345703125,
0.2270050048828125,
0.10079193115234375,
0.055187225341796875,
0.2597618103027344,
0.4241943359375,
-0.524139404296875,
0.4695587158203125,
0.06105613708496094,
0.14171600341796875,
-0.03912639617919922,
-0.12984275817871094,
0.22454833984375,
0.1397552490234375,
0.401275634765625,
0.481903076171875,
0.34124755859375,
-0.11834335327148438,
-0.03497481346130371,
0.04244709014892578,
-0.78924560546875,
-0.1357421875,
0.2748565673828125,
0.5384521484375,
-0.11728191375732422,
-0.06806468963623047,
-0.2803802490234375,
-0.13461554050445557,
0.18204498291015625,
0.4351806640625,
0.18183517456054688,
-0.07836723327636719,
0.191986083984375,
0.321197509765625,
0.21759033203125,
0.024169921875,
0.492584228515625,
-0.350128173828125,
0.05833292007446289,
0.11684989929199219,
0.25018310546875,
0.548126220703125,
-0.16616058349609375,
0.74407958984375,
-0.10791015625,
-0.33673095703125,
0.24908447265625,
-0.15566253662109375,
-0.18468093872070312,
-0.13824462890625,
-0.046246230602264404,
-0.09935379028320312,
0.2607879638671875,
-0.24128341674804688,
0.25592041015625,
-0.1718606948852539,
0.25640296936035156,
0.371612548828125,
0.02753472328186035,
-0.1822967529296875,
-0.08982086181640625,
0.057869672775268555,
-0.4923095703125,
-0.12161636352539062,
0.10170841217041016,
-0.12120819091796875,
-0.040523529052734375,
-0.146881103515625,
0.1165771484375,
0.041446685791015625,
-0.2449798583984375,
0.56402587890625,
0.34417724609375,
-0.3067359924316406,
0.551300048828125,
-0.1354827880859375,
0.327911376953125,
0.0979766845703125,
-0.011892318725585938,
-0.30382537841796875,
0.15423107147216797,
0.11612319946289062,
-0.16011810302734375,
-3.955322265625,
0.3597412109375,
-0.07918548583984375,
-0.08008575439453125,
0.083953857421875,
-0.01991891860961914,
-0.2747650146484375,
0.539764404296875,
-0.07462358474731445,
0.35699462890625,
0.03394472599029541,
-0.06528472900390625,
-0.36712646484375,
0.566680908203125,
0.063507080078125,
-0.03439521789550781,
0.85650634765625,
0.2147979736328125,
0.1276988983154297,
0.200439453125,
0.04007530212402344,
-0.13526153564453125,
0.45220947265625,
-0.4162139892578125,
0.313385009765625,
0.14321327209472656,
0.1972970962524414,
-0.1421947479248047,
0.26123809814453125,
0.08401107788085938,
-0.09686279296875,
0.10478687286376953,
0.44403076171875,
-0.302520751953125,
0.11045265197753906,
0.281158447265625,
0.413177490234375,
0.3792724609375,
0.50323486328125,
0.5077056884765625,
-0.03803443908691406,
0.23540878295898438,
0.20522308349609375,
0.0536198616027832,
0.236419677734375,
-0.3043365478515625,
-0.459564208984375,
-0.02020561695098877,
-0.1869659423828125,
0.06043243408203125,
0.3638458251953125,
0.409454345703125,
-0.13518142700195312,
0.11273765563964844,
0.301910400390625,
0.40679931640625,
-0.240234375,
0.09741401672363281,
0.2368316650390625,
0.3224334716796875,
0.541595458984375,
-0.023817062377929688,
0.0664825439453125,
0.2232513427734375,
0.07341575622558594,
-0.2591371536254883,
-0.12804603576660156,
0.396697998046875,
0.525665283203125,
-0.4010467529296875,
0.373931884765625,
0.23632049560546875,
-0.05223512649536133,
0.0802154541015625,
0.3726043701171875,
0.30523681640625,
-0.07926464080810547,
-0.2342529296875,
0.532257080078125,
0.25393104553222656,
-0.17957687377929688,
0.2706298828125,
-0.5196533203125,
0.04711556434631348,
2.4368896484375,
0.37506103515625,
2.295166015625,
0.308013916015625,
0.0381927490234375,
0.504058837890625,
0.453277587890625,
0.013083457946777344,
0.11833953857421875,
0.11278533935546875,
0.08916473388671875,
0.12360000610351562,
0.14833831787109375,
-0.016321182250976562,
-0.2235260009765625,
-0.01123499870300293,
0.491668701171875,
-1.010223388671875,
0.14107131958007812,
-0.083038330078125,
0.6038818359375,
0.02336883544921875,
-0.34033203125,
0.08160400390625,
0.4759521484375,
0.18340301513671875,
-0.22161865234375,
-0.10940742492675781,
0.17645263671875,
-0.2949371337890625,
-0.02175140380859375,
0.52972412109375,
0.216766357421875,
-0.3812255859375,
-0.21092987060546875,
0.3204193115234375,
0.2928314208984375,
4.7109375,
-0.185699462890625,
0.14585494995117188,
0.100006103515625,
0.20133209228515625,
0.24350738525390625,
0.436279296875,
0.0008426904678344727,
0.17531585693359375,
-0.014374732971191406,
0.06462287902832031,
0.33853912353515625,
-0.1103668212890625,
0.25187110900878906,
0.281646728515625,
-0.23032379150390625,
0.3231964111328125,
0.07791900634765625,
-0.059234619140625,
0.2682952880859375,
0.329010009765625,
0.27050018310546875,
0.17618560791015625,
-0.20432519912719727,
0.272735595703125,
0.19643402099609375,
0.17230606079101562,
-0.09422612190246582,
0.01540517807006836,
0.423309326171875,
0.331207275390625,
5.47509765625,
0.354400634765625,
0.222686767578125,
-0.2087554931640625,
-0.056488037109375,
0.15174484252929688,
-0.2476348876953125,
-0.153106689453125,
-0.296173095703125,
-0.0868377685546875,
-0.08213615417480469,
-0.14633560180664062,
-0.3447113037109375,
0.570068359375,
0.19710540771484375,
0.477142333984375,
-0.09456253051757812,
-0.1674041748046875,
0.02832317352294922,
-0.09885168075561523,
0.2702789306640625,
0.002010345458984375,
0.205810546875,
-0.53179931640625,
-0.275848388671875,
0.19644927978515625,
-0.10544967651367188,
0.3408660888671875,
0.03351855278015137,
-0.078033447265625,
0.3870849609375,
0.10677719116210938,
-0.13567733764648438,
0.046813011169433594,
0.2238941192626953,
0.24725341796875,
0.05637115240097046,
-0.06658935546875,
-0.08383941650390625,
-0.0357513427734375,
0.33563232421875,
-0.010454177856445312,
-0.09467506408691406,
-0.18687129020690918,
0.08118057250976562,
-0.045291900634765625,
-0.2427520751953125,
0.15241527557373047,
0.35662841796875,
-0.486572265625,
0.0829620361328125,
-0.0087432861328125,
1.185302734375,
0.2932167053222656,
0.04145622253417969,
0.17279815673828125,
0.23187255859375,
0.06016731262207031,
0.17045211791992188,
-0.0013980865478515625,
0.44744873046875,
0.09684634208679199,
-0.13454437255859375,
0.387298583984375,
0.4549560546875,
0.11686229705810547,
0.3621826171875,
0.08442211151123047,
0.425750732421875,
0.11737346649169922,
-0.008838653564453125,
0.0795450210571289,
-0.386077880859375,
0.2777099609375,
-0.030416488647460938,
0.1311168670654297,
0.2505645751953125,
-0.252105712890625,
0.25963783264160156,
0.46984100341796875,
-0.1828155517578125,
0.00011920928955078125,
-0.35784912109375,
0.05465978384017944,
0.19509124755859375,
-0.20998382568359375,
-0.384796142578125,
0.06693649291992188,
0.3099517822265625,
-0.21588134765625,
0.2702484130859375,
-0.16671371459960938,
0.03027629852294922,
0.495391845703125,
0.051891326904296875,
-0.0015230178833007812,
0.06219291687011719,
0.2655982971191406,
0.017145156860351562,
0.217803955078125,
0.021053791046142578,
0.002501368522644043,
0.301544189453125,
0.09819042682647705,
0.223724365234375,
-0.10746383666992188,
-0.11232852935791016,
0.1463623046875,
0.2055511474609375,
-0.10861396789550781,
0.557037353515625,
0.53564453125,
-0.1758575439453125,
-0.19221878051757812,
0.020935535430908203
] |
2019
|
Do Diet Coke and regular Coke taste different?
|
[
{
"docid": "105770#0",
"text": "Diet Coke (called Coca-Cola Light in some countries) is a sugar-free and no-calorie soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. It contains artificial sweeteners instead of sugar. Unveiled on July 8, 1982 and introduced in the United States on August 9, it was the first new brand since 1886 to use the Coca-Cola trademark. The product quickly overtook the company's existing diet cola, Tab, in sales.",
"title": "Diet Coke"
},
{
"docid": "105770#2",
"text": "Diet Coke does not use a modified form of the Coca-Cola recipe, but instead an entirely different formula. The controversial New Coke, introduced in 1985, used a version of the Diet Coke recipe that contained high fructose corn syrup and had a slightly different balance of ingredients. In 2004, Coca-Cola introduced Coca-Cola C2, which it claims tastes much closer to Coca-Cola but contains half the carbohydrates. In 2005, the company introduced Coca-Cola Zero (replaced by \"Coca-Cola Zero Sugar\" in 2017), a sugar-free variation of regular Coca-Cola.",
"title": "Diet Coke"
}
] |
[] |
[
0.4635564684867859,
0.30747291445732117,
0.12224786728620529,
0.21421121060848236,
0.1883794665336609,
0.2876420319080353,
0.6806196570396423,
-0.3726695775985718,
0.2882246673107147,
0.28395774960517883,
-0.2591414153575897,
-0.3248291015625,
0.08026816695928574,
0.135009765625,
-0.09723177552223206,
0.05818592384457588,
0.3540149927139282,
-0.1174059808254242,
-0.3371540307998657,
0.22533416748046875,
-0.30031517148017883,
0.3757990002632141,
-0.16842235624790192,
0.20088888704776764,
0.12204534560441971,
-0.11659431457519531,
0.01941472850739956,
0.09315074235200882,
0.44724342226982117,
0.3235529065132141,
-0.1166277825832367,
-0.34397193789482117,
0.033285316079854965,
0.6453746557235718,
-0.015613122843205929,
0.4452459216117859,
0.29732999205589294,
-0.2780095934867859,
0.08664495497941971,
0.5491388440132141,
-0.3457697033882141,
-0.08490614593029022,
0.2489679455757141,
0.16207052767276764,
0.7776100635528564,
-0.053738679736852646,
0.2352544665336609,
0.19516824185848236,
-0.2143714278936386,
0.5310613512992859,
-0.2592884302139282,
-0.014532349072396755,
-0.0351104736328125,
0.03349858894944191,
-0.23711325228214264,
0.2861771881580353,
-0.05594947189092636,
0.7464266419410706,
0.1337377429008484,
0.41318580508232117,
0.18166281282901764,
0.0039175208657979965,
-0.26219454407691956,
-0.12883585691452026,
-0.16495513916015625,
0.1845758557319641,
0.3143421411514282,
0.3681196868419647,
-0.20920632779598236,
0.35269442200660706,
0.14899791777133942,
0.474853515625,
0.6111949682235718,
0.07358863204717636,
-0.37644264101982117,
-0.11044276505708694,
0.28806373476982117,
0.05370469391345978,
0.5707563757896423,
0.10857460647821426,
0.19420276582241058,
-0.105926513671875,
0.046496305614709854,
0.6355202198028564,
0.29076454043388367,
0.1947992444038391,
0.19183626770973206,
-0.1716364026069641,
0.1515863537788391,
0.5144264698028564,
-0.32296475768089294,
0.3519730865955353,
-0.28970059752464294,
0.5065252184867859,
0.1351873278617859,
0.01739501953125,
0.1532232165336609,
-0.36696556210517883,
0.08972584456205368,
-0.3299614191055298,
0.23176713287830353,
-0.16279186308383942,
-0.012473366223275661,
0.09148060530424118,
0.3006702661514282,
-0.4016779065132141,
0.37808504700660706,
-0.05097822844982147,
0.2476952224969864,
0.07163307815790176,
0.3560791015625,
-0.43943092226982117,
0.06365884095430374,
0.19920487701892853,
0.057255830615758896,
0.08218557387590408,
0.5102511048316956,
-0.08558550477027893,
-0.21240824460983276,
-1.0050603151321411,
0.27549049258232117,
0.22329989075660706,
-0.2955988049507141,
0.06960851699113846,
-0.23499645292758942,
-0.11176230758428574,
0.74267578125,
0.07196877151727676,
0.71533203125,
0.350830078125,
0.32446566224098206,
0.031602684408426285,
0.31121549010276794,
0.8044655323028564,
0.07403261214494705,
0.06508636474609375,
0.3050592541694641,
-0.11357255280017853,
-0.14814342558383942,
-0.15754283964633942,
0.102386474609375,
-0.24980510771274567,
0.4781605005264282,
0.8147416710853577,
0.15381969511508942,
0.2627063989639282,
-0.21657492220401764,
0.5665172338485718,
0.11393529921770096,
0.27933016419410706,
0.04632360115647316,
0.16975818574428558,
0.06740230321884155,
0.10066084563732147,
-0.032560523599386215,
0.20324186980724335,
0.13798384368419647,
0.42966529726982117,
0.17064596712589264,
0.08273176848888397,
0.6948463916778564,
0.3231978118419647,
-0.5294522643089294,
0.061784788966178894,
-0.1308087408542633,
0.15199418365955353,
0.006998430471867323,
0.49624910950660706,
0.4795365631580353,
-0.44034090638160706,
-0.2663019299507141,
-0.03591572120785713,
-0.10709519684314728,
0.21275745332241058,
-0.06644023209810257,
0.33797940611839294,
0.12379039078950882,
0.04675847664475441,
-0.012083280831575394,
-0.2882634997367859,
-0.08656449615955353,
0.31247779726982117,
-0.017331210896372795,
0.30643531680107117,
0.6470170617103577,
0.6127707958221436,
0.26947298645973206,
0.14256979525089264,
-0.20991100370883942,
-0.10328951478004456,
0.1645147204399109,
0.013315374031662941,
0.38333407044410706,
-0.2852783203125,
0.05214686691761017,
-0.32320335507392883,
-0.013678117655217648,
0.525634765625,
-0.148345947265625,
-0.15280984342098236,
0.08071691542863846,
0.22590775787830353,
-0.3462691009044647,
0.16701993346214294,
0.4514603912830353,
-0.4298872649669647,
0.5142489075660706,
-0.06180156394839287,
-0.12069268524646759,
0.041536156088113785,
-0.28202125430107117,
0.24122203886508942,
0.451904296875,
0.045687589794397354,
-0.2886962890625,
0.2504439055919647,
-0.36098411679267883,
-0.10958030074834824,
0.45188209414482117,
-0.008743545971810818,
-0.4545232653617859,
0.5058149695396423,
0.067657470703125,
0.05735154449939728,
0.36191627383232117,
-0.3803156018257141,
-0.25209739804267883,
-0.9459339380264282,
0.10690584778785706,
0.24123312532901764,
-0.13860251009464264,
-0.056313253939151764,
0.17629171907901764,
0.3937322497367859,
0.39315518736839294,
0.2612249255180359,
-0.044731833040714264,
0.2032470703125,
-0.06612188369035721,
0.21115945279598236,
0.21947132050991058,
-0.21281017363071442,
-0.2750687897205353,
0.23361483216285706,
0.3132213354110718,
0.2832282781600952,
0.21902188658714294,
-0.2662908434867859,
-0.2918812036514282,
-0.0071163177490234375,
0.12355318665504456,
-0.2678722143173218,
0.267059326171875,
0.4431596100330353,
-0.1347179412841797,
0.17695756256580353,
0.22801069915294647,
-0.0291290283203125,
0.03766770660877228,
-0.0148468017578125,
0.41980674862861633,
0.22489790618419647,
0.2907603979110718,
0.5472522974014282,
-0.029564423486590385,
0.06971185654401779,
0.29556551575660706,
0.5152254700660706,
-0.21143688261508942,
0.4206986725330353,
0.2999434173107147,
-0.2589666247367859,
0.07522999495267868,
0.3499811291694641,
-0.08576861023902893,
0.0655670166015625,
0.3602405786514282,
0.3659834563732147,
0.06604766845703125,
0.4952392578125,
0.5617009997367859,
-0.1982477307319641,
-0.2578901946544647,
-0.08684886246919632,
0.2315770983695984,
0.5507146716117859,
-0.4507501721382141,
-0.2640269994735718,
-0.06960227340459824,
0.024365512654185295,
-0.008406898938119411,
0.4160822033882141,
-0.2919811010360718,
-0.4056840240955353,
-0.2065374255180359,
0.13094259798526764,
0.23595081269741058,
-0.09016141295433044,
-0.18248818814754486,
0.04889332130551338,
0.6009188294410706,
-0.5948597192764282,
0.5731756091117859,
0.5018199682235718,
-0.1531926989555359,
-0.30075904726982117,
0.1982734054327011,
-0.03258219733834267,
-0.3046875,
0.4849964380264282,
0.24562765657901764,
-0.3777299225330353,
-0.15232987701892853,
0.10605482757091522,
0.22251199185848236,
-0.21217761933803558,
0.054534219205379486,
-0.0364990234375,
1.0917080640792847,
0.14724454283714294,
-0.09378745406866074,
-0.14243386685848236,
-0.33553799986839294,
0.0019337047124281526,
0.2721391022205353,
-0.42660245299339294,
0.16121326386928558,
-0.34130859375,
0.07454290986061096,
0.1927490234375,
0.22571216523647308,
0.3839000463485718,
-0.3150079846382141,
-0.15668834745883942,
-0.3096146881580353,
0.15176114439964294,
0.19225381314754486,
0.26259544491767883,
-0.2189788818359375,
-0.9450905323028564,
0.0189959779381752,
0.24782492220401764,
0.19340099394321442,
0.12588119506835938,
0.028746170923113823,
0.17235217988491058,
0.33425071835517883,
-0.1562555432319641,
0.4123091399669647,
0.0665515586733818,
0.2531017065048218,
0.21482156217098236,
-0.18858198821544647,
-0.5012872815132141,
0.31216707825660706,
0.019808335229754448,
0.18948711454868317,
0.27884188294410706,
0.16031716763973236,
-0.0464501827955246,
0.2577570080757141,
0.05016188323497772,
0.013668754138052464,
-0.040539827197790146,
0.06341292709112167,
0.12174606323242188,
-0.08992767333984375,
0.10702098160982132,
0.398193359375,
0.33920010924339294,
0.19511204957962036,
0.19162820279598236,
-0.2417047619819641,
0.14226046204566956,
-0.4916548430919647,
0.1641485095024109,
0.2923694849014282,
0.33823463320732117,
0.6266424059867859,
0.11394154280424118,
0.3590753674507141,
0.7677556872367859,
0.194091796875,
-0.12050559371709824,
-0.05933518707752228,
-0.058785613626241684,
-0.038182344287633896,
-0.12267234176397324,
-0.07343500107526779,
-0.16303600370883942,
0.19192782044410706,
-0.26174649596214294,
0.4746537506580353,
0.3356489837169647,
-0.28523948788642883,
0.1023791953921318,
-0.15464089810848236,
-0.21462735533714294,
0.11190518736839294,
-0.14371976256370544,
-0.12306074798107147,
0.056632302701473236,
-0.06337252259254456,
0.2260076403617859,
4.163707256317139,
0.3699174225330353,
0.41006746888160706,
0.3595414459705353,
-0.10163810104131699,
0.3153242766857147,
0.18095259368419647,
-0.2993941009044647,
0.1974237561225891,
-0.09785044938325882,
-0.11082597076892853,
-0.0554351806640625,
0.22198486328125,
0.124664306640625,
0.17457719147205353,
0.4014115631580353,
-0.10785189270973206,
0.45627662539482117,
0.14063332974910736,
0.30081453919410706,
-0.6305930614471436,
0.7097612023353577,
0.16684237122535706,
-0.06646399199962616,
0.08221990615129471,
-0.08166902512311935,
0.16635964810848236,
-0.18606983125209808,
-0.0827074944972992,
0.36281517148017883,
0.23818136751651764,
-0.13475175201892853,
0.46786221861839294,
-0.1570989489555359,
-1.024458408355713,
0.2777155041694641,
0.029751865193247795,
0.16748046875,
0.11326737701892853,
0.019222605973482132,
-0.06509954482316971,
0.3799493908882141,
0.36403587460517883,
0.21297384798526764,
0.24398526549339294,
-0.10769236832857132,
-0.01128664892166853,
0.5042169690132141,
0.5782137513160706,
0.5009543895721436,
0.33290794491767883,
0.3239191174507141,
-0.06443777680397034,
-0.20197643339633942,
0.3306441009044647,
0.2611749768257141,
0.22329989075660706,
0.3153076171875,
0.21598123013973236,
-0.4723011255264282,
-0.03774469718337059,
0.1571100354194641,
0.5841841101646423,
0.019019754603505135,
-0.32083407044410706,
-0.21549294888973236,
0.047599099576473236,
-0.05866206809878349,
-0.003212668700143695,
-0.5468084216117859,
0.23155628144741058,
0.24824939668178558,
0.5191317200660706,
-0.16098767518997192,
0.3339177966117859,
-0.2599653899669647,
-0.2304021716117859,
-0.19830322265625,
-0.18142423033714294,
0.26589134335517883,
0.023193359375,
-0.11074898391962051,
0.18577991425991058,
0.478515625,
-0.32314231991767883,
0.5504705309867859,
0.22550271451473236,
-0.020708950236439705,
0.4644220471382141,
-0.2521306872367859,
0.31814852356910706,
-0.0036773518659174442,
0.3205122649669647,
0.0402374267578125,
-0.05590958893299103,
0.009262713603675365,
0.21242453157901764,
-4.0397725105285645,
-0.012187177315354347,
0.08458363264799118,
0.17329822480678558,
0.015114090405404568,
-0.20346346497535706,
0.039977334439754486,
0.3946976959705353,
-0.3252063989639282,
0.83154296875,
-0.29816505312919617,
0.3181929290294647,
-0.3386119604110718,
0.7841352820396423,
0.3530828356742859,
-0.031071055680513382,
-0.09406176209449768,
0.2077692151069641,
0.20620866119861603,
-0.10840797424316406,
0.5043279528617859,
0.3935546875,
0.1478082537651062,
-0.1439264416694641,
0.03255046531558037,
0.23829235136508942,
-0.39400967955589294,
-0.08211658149957657,
-0.03410477936267853,
-0.25595924258232117,
0.2259833663702011,
-0.05624528229236603,
0.18599630892276764,
-0.11390269547700882,
-0.08179543167352676,
-0.09355024993419647,
0.465576171875,
-0.02924138866364956,
0.3108687102794647,
0.46786221861839294,
-0.17313455045223236,
-0.15541215240955353,
0.39999112486839294,
0.16423450410366058,
0.13151411712169647,
0.2269342541694641,
0.1337207406759262,
-0.028512435033917427,
-0.01879449374973774,
-0.17536510527133942,
0.5088334679603577,
0.31802645325660706,
-0.04544622078537941,
-0.031243236735463142,
0.5442116260528564,
0.20380748808383942,
-0.44515714049339294,
0.1533563733100891,
0.13889728486537933,
0.0709228515625,
-0.3364185094833374,
-0.7250089049339294,
-0.04858814552426338,
0.1419677585363388,
-0.07819712907075882,
0.10813002288341522,
-0.07416187971830368,
-0.06005512550473213,
-0.19660533964633942,
-0.25014427304267883,
-0.04994063079357147,
-0.0050784023478627205,
0.21815074980258942,
-0.28354158997535706,
-0.15624307096004486,
0.21592435240745544,
-0.08737876266241074,
-0.1580040603876114,
0.5483620166778564,
0.3063616454601288,
0.10878267884254456,
-0.05662952736020088,
-0.3063299059867859,
0.45321378111839294,
2.1511008739471436,
0.2512040436267853,
2.1823508739471436,
0.002706181025132537,
-0.11114779114723206,
0.2604203522205353,
0.0062588779255747795,
-0.055687643587589264,
0.15561746060848236,
0.15909160673618317,
0.08489227294921875,
0.3351273834705353,
0.04385826736688614,
0.23640580475330353,
-0.1942041516304016,
0.14652876555919647,
0.3457697033882141,
-0.5860928893089294,
0.04305354133248329,
0.1447802484035492,
0.3101251721382141,
0.40945711731910706,
-0.10904617607593536,
0.47921475768089294,
0.11559781432151794,
0.046866677701473236,
-0.4574529528617859,
-0.17058216035366058,
0.23189474642276764,
-0.11213233321905136,
0.3629039525985718,
0.10725541412830353,
-0.01029463205486536,
0.12267511337995529,
0.20539994537830353,
0.11445756256580353,
-0.05141102150082588,
4.716619491577148,
-0.37978294491767883,
-0.4532359838485718,
0.14982466399669647,
0.24203768372535706,
0.1722356677055359,
0.16811856627464294,
-0.14604438841342926,
-0.08791975677013397,
0.2942061126232147,
0.2593938708305359,
0.15246720612049103,
-0.19200272858142853,
-0.38144752383232117,
0.4639781713485718,
0.11715663224458694,
-0.07784895598888397,
0.4305974841117859,
0.4257368743419647,
0.06238001212477684,
0.2173517346382141,
0.07514043152332306,
0.06107741966843605,
0.1628473401069641,
-0.017137007787823677,
0.15581998229026794,
0.21705766022205353,
0.2473199963569641,
-0.13067002594470978,
0.49447354674339294,
0.14741654694080353,
5.416193008422852,
0.26670143008232117,
0.1392926275730133,
-0.17157095670700073,
-0.21102628111839294,
0.35939720273017883,
0.13706831634044647,
0.16763582825660706,
-0.328125,
-0.09159573912620544,
-0.03455005958676338,
0.17618630826473236,
-0.3548583984375,
0.4569757580757141,
-0.4278675317764282,
0.18459250032901764,
-0.027531016618013382,
-0.1298845410346985,
0.2440185546875,
0.09119901061058044,
0.12736095488071442,
0.17768721282482147,
-0.17195545136928558,
-0.22563587129116058,
-0.2466118484735489,
-0.07014326751232147,
0.05694996193051338,
0.5595703125,
0.07548661530017853,
-0.19149503111839294,
0.4341930150985718,
-0.07422430068254471,
-0.17463822662830353,
0.20675936341285706,
-0.12513871490955353,
-0.16656078398227692,
0.27638939023017883,
0.4691717028617859,
0.3113458752632141,
0.060952965170145035,
0.17900778353214264,
0.2964310944080353,
-0.3880504369735718,
-0.01360806543380022,
-0.14677290618419647,
-0.12759815156459808,
-0.18061967194080353,
-0.018182385712862015,
0.0705413818359375,
-0.19197775423526764,
-0.27380093932151794,
0.2578679919242859,
0.8200017809867859,
-0.17346052825450897,
-0.009106376208364964,
0.5282759070396423,
-0.1906183362007141,
-0.2870091497898102,
0.3987537622451782,
-0.20240645110607147,
0.2392578125,
0.09557273238897324,
-0.04002068191766739,
0.4876154065132141,
0.5915305614471436,
0.24917879700660706,
0.010382413864135742,
0.01031494140625,
0.6094859838485718,
-0.040438566356897354,
-0.34469327330589294,
0.12251975387334824,
-0.1033831536769867,
0.4253595471382141,
0.07472090423107147,
-0.14990234375,
-0.04327392578125,
-0.09474112838506699,
0.023831455036997795,
-0.15972761809825897,
0.053835783153772354,
-0.4896351099014282,
0.05910700187087059,
0.2859607934951782,
0.2567194104194641,
-0.20675382018089294,
-0.46889427304267883,
0.08362440764904022,
0.05420268699526787,
0.06606917083263397,
0.09726229310035706,
0.027503274381160736,
-0.1125439703464508,
-0.16473388671875,
0.22316499054431915,
0.012211192399263382,
-0.2686323821544647,
0.4403187036514282,
0.27574434876441956,
0.218994140625,
-0.3806290924549103,
0.0229034423828125,
0.021808277815580368,
0.24574972689151764,
0.32315340638160706,
-0.2320612072944641,
0.037667013704776764,
-0.19471324980258942,
-0.3785511255264282,
0.04350627586245537,
0.43947532773017883,
0.322265625,
-0.3663219213485718,
0.08108312636613846,
0.09072182327508926
] |
2026
|
Who was the last king of Austria?
|
[
{
"docid": "153477#0",
"text": "Charles I or Karl I (Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria; 17 August 18871 April 1922) was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary (as Charles IV, ), the last King of Bohemia (as Charles III), and the last monarch belonging to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. After his uncle Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in 1914, Charles became heir presumptive of Emperor Franz Josef. Charles I reigned from 1916 until 1918, when he \"renounced participation\" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. He spent the remaining years of his life attempting to restore the monarchy until his death in 1922. Beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2004, he is known to the Catholic Church as Blessed Karl of Austria.",
"title": "Charles I of Austria"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "246445#6",
"text": "Father and son were eventually reconciled to assist the king's aim of acquiring the neighbouring Duchy of Austria, where the last Babenberg duke Frederick II had been killed in the 1246 Battle of the Leitha River. King Wenceslaus had initially attempted to acquire Austria by marrying his heir, Vladislav, to the last duke's niece Gertrude of Babenberg. That match had been cut short by Vladislav's death and Gertrude's remarriage to the Zähringen margrave Herman VI of Baden. The latter was rejected by the Austrian nobility and could not establish his rule. Wenceslaus used this as pretext to invade Austria when Herman died in 1250 — according to some sources, the estates called upon him to restore order.",
"title": "Ottokar II of Bohemia"
},
{
"docid": "11421146#8",
"text": "Margravial Austria reached its greatest height under Leopold III, a great friend of the church and founder of abbeys. He patronised towns and developed a great level of territorial independence. In 1139, Leopold IV inherited Bavaria. When his successor, the last margrave, Henry Jasomirgott, was deprived of Bavaria in 1156, Austria was elevated to a duchy independent from Bavaria by the of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. From 1192 the House of Babenberg also ruled over the neighbouring Duchy of Styria. The line became extinct with the death of Duke Frederick II of Austria at the 1246 Battle of the Leitha River. The heritage was finally asserted by the German king Rudolph of Habsburg against King Ottokar II of Bohemia in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld.",
"title": "Margraviate of Austria"
},
{
"docid": "8021899#7",
"text": "In March 1920, Admiral Miklós Horthy was named Regent and Sándor Simonyi-Semadam was named Prime Minister of the restored Kingdom of Hungary. Charles I of Austria (known as Charles IV, Karl IV, or IV. Károly in Hungary) was the last Emperor of Austria and the last King of Hungary. He was not asked to fill the vacant Hungarian throne.",
"title": "Hungary between the World Wars"
},
{
"docid": "496982#4",
"text": "In 1520, Christian took the throne of Sweden, thereby making Isabella Queen of Sweden. After taking Stockholm, he asked the Swedish representatives to turn it and the regency of Sweden over to Isabella if he himself should die when his children were minors. She was to be the last Queen of Sweden who was also Queen of Denmark during the Kalmar union, but she in fact never visited Sweden; pregnant at the time of her spouse's accession to the throne of Sweden, she did not follow him there. Isabella served as the regent of Denmark during Christian's stay in Sweden. Her husband was deposed as king of Sweden the following year. King Christian imprisoned many Swedish noblewomen, related to rebellious Swedish nobles, at the infamous \"Blåtårn\" (\"Blue Tower\") of Copenhagen Castle, including Christina Gyllenstierna, Cecilia Månsdotter and Margareta Eriksdotter Vasa, and King Gustav I of Sweden used their purported harsh treatment in captivity in his propaganda against Christian II and claimed that the Danish monarch starved the women and children, who only survived by the mercy showed them by the queen of Denmark, Isabella of Austria.",
"title": "Isabella of Austria"
},
{
"docid": "1719651#2",
"text": "Austria began as a small march and was later elevated to a duchy, then archduchy. The house of Babenberg and later the Habsburg dynasty were the margraves, dukes and later archdukes of this fiefdom. After the death of the last Babenberg duke, Frederick II in 1246, King Ottokar II of Bohemia took over for a while. He was, however, defeated by the King of the Romans Rudolf of Habsburg in 1278, with the help of his sons Albert and Rudolf. Rudolf then installed his son Albert as Duke of Austria. The enthronement ceremony of the new Archduke of Austria was not an actual coronation, but more a ceremony of homage by the estates. In the German language, this ceremony is called the . The estates in parliament swore obedience to their new ruler, and he in turn guaranteed their rights and upheld their privileges. However, in this ceremony sovereign insignia were also used.",
"title": "Austrian Crown Jewels"
},
{
"docid": "39477#66",
"text": "What followed was an \"interregnum\", a period of several decades during which the status of the country was disputed, and during which Frederick II's duchy fell victim to a prolonged power play between rival forces. During this time there were multiple claimants to the title, including Vladislaus, Margrave of Moravia son of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia. King Wenceslaus aimed at acquiring the Duchy of Austria by arranging the marriage of Vladislaus to the last Duke's niece Gertrud, herself a potential heir and claimant.",
"title": "History of Austria"
},
{
"docid": "38753528#2",
"text": "Three norns introduce Ludwig as suffering from a curse, given to him by Lola Montez, which will make him the last king of Bavaria. The king organises his court according to infatuations and aesthetical preferences. He is opposed to industrialism, progressivism and the emerging modern mass society. He complains about his aching teeth and behaves eccentrically, but interacts with ordinary people to stay in contact with life outside the court. Early in his life he began to protect and finance the then unknown Richard Wagner, who greatly apprecietes the support, but others see this as scandalous. Elisabeth of Austria sympatises with the king, who is her cousin, and compares him to Sitting Bull. A group of ministers led by Ludwig's uncle Luitpold plot to assassinate the king so they can industrialise the country.",
"title": "Ludwig: Requiem for a Virgin King"
},
{
"docid": "59676180#8",
"text": "Andrew III, the last male member of the Árpád dynasty, died on 14 January 1301. Alongside other lords and prelates, Dominic Rátót was present at the king's deathbed in Buda. In the next days, he remained in the capital in the evolving political vacuum, and supported the dowager queen, Agnes of Austria. A civil war between various claimants to the throne – Charles of Anjou, Wenceslaus of Bohemia, and Otto of Bavaria – followed Andrew's death and lasted for seven years. In early 1301, Charles of Anjou hurried to Esztergom where he was crowned king irregularly. Being Pope Boniface VIII's candidate for the Hungarian throne, Charles had always been unpopular, because the Hungarian lords feared that they would \"lose their freedom by accepting a king appointed by the Church\", as the \"Illuminated Chronicle\" narrates. Dominic was among those lords, who supported Wenceslaus, the son of Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, who was not only Béla IV's great-great-grandson, but also the bride of the late Andrew III's daughter, Elizabeth. Dominic was a leading member of that Hungarian delegation, which traveled to Bohemia and offered the crown to the young Wenceslaus. The Bohemian king met the Hungarian envoys in Hodonín in August and accepted their offer in his eleven-year-old son's name. Wenceslaus II accompanied his son to Székesfehérvár where John Hont-Pázmány, Archbishop of Kalocsa, crowned the young Wenceslaus king with the Holy Crown on 27 August 1301.",
"title": "Dominic II Rátót"
},
{
"docid": "4998606#1",
"text": "Being the last male member of the House of Árpád, Andrew was elected king after the death of King Ladislaus IV in 1290. He was the first Hungarian monarch to issue a coronation diploma confirming the privileges of the noblemen and the clergy. At least three pretenders—Albert of Austria, Mary of Hungary, and an adventurer—challenged his claim to the throne. Andrew expelled the adventurer from Hungary and forced Albert of Austria to conclude a peace within a year, but Mary of Hungary and her descendants did not renounce their claim. The Hungarian bishops and Andrew's maternal family from Venice were his principal supporters, but the leading Croatian and Slavonian lords were opposed to his rule.",
"title": "Andrew III of Hungary"
}
] |
[
0.25091552734375,
-0.34459227323532104,
0.12381591647863388,
0.0602874755859375,
-0.2939453125,
0.543212890625,
0.4589599668979645,
-0.38530272245407104,
0.11620865017175674,
0.294189453125,
-0.06559906154870987,
-0.3918823301792145,
-0.3621582090854645,
0.10234985500574112,
-0.23015746474266052,
-0.10593871772289276,
0.43916016817092896,
0.06639938056468964,
-0.04592952877283096,
0.34880369901657104,
-0.39753419160842896,
0.4312500059604645,
-0.03795013576745987,
-0.08521880954504013,
0.3235839903354645,
0.03861427307128906,
-0.12224654853343964,
0.15238341689109802,
-0.20670776069164276,
0.579541027545929,
0.2357177734375,
-0.30109864473342896,
-0.01257171668112278,
0.29664307832717896,
-0.3261657655239105,
0.3468261659145355,
-0.07921676337718964,
0.2230079621076584,
-0.22454833984375,
0.6509033441543579,
0.14213867485523224,
-0.00800476036965847,
0.42167967557907104,
0.06021423265337944,
0.24587401747703552,
-0.2544189393520355,
0.23615722358226776,
-0.006047057919204235,
-0.16211700439453125,
-0.14513245224952698,
-0.18745727837085724,
-0.013898277655243874,
0.011269569396972656,
-0.10532989352941513,
-0.5912841558456421,
0.465087890625,
-0.05049743503332138,
0.5854247808456421,
-0.03294067457318306,
0.18344421684741974,
0.1694183349609375,
0.2900756895542145,
-0.19650879502296448,
0.09747543185949326,
0.2865051329135895,
-0.08588103950023651,
0.04174499586224556,
-0.003665351774543524,
0.03627624362707138,
-0.015378952026367188,
-0.21253737807273865,
0.589428722858429,
0.3321777284145355,
0.05811004713177681,
-0.06794891506433487,
-0.31682127714157104,
0.09638138115406036,
0.40498048067092896,
0.09954528510570526,
0.05088958889245987,
0.3849121034145355,
-0.406494140625,
0.0008975982782430947,
0.18842467665672302,
-0.11369018256664276,
0.43232423067092896,
-0.213623046875,
0.221435546875,
-0.10537643730640411,
0.735400378704071,
0.15200194716453552,
-0.22764892876148224,
-0.07261504977941513,
-0.26513671875,
-0.22335204482078552,
0.14632567763328552,
0.4150634706020355,
-0.000728607177734375,
0.18491211533546448,
-0.18103770911693573,
0.02262573316693306,
-0.29008787870407104,
-0.2680297791957855,
0.6054931879043579,
0.4135498106479645,
-0.43767088651657104,
-0.0587947852909565,
0.07504882663488388,
-0.06814651191234589,
0.09795837104320526,
0.3033080995082855,
0.0617101676762104,
-0.08486633002758026,
0.13416747748851776,
-0.0039081573486328125,
0.038440607488155365,
0.464691162109375,
-0.17877197265625,
-0.29566270112991333,
-0.5384521484375,
0.40815430879592896,
0.09541931003332138,
-0.19819335639476776,
0.03610839694738388,
0.24533692002296448,
-0.45073240995407104,
0.516406238079071,
0.0551145076751709,
0.5396972894668579,
0.43217772245407104,
-0.025701522827148438,
-0.109136201441288,
-0.1564044952392578,
0.43623048067092896,
0.23873290419578552,
0.13230514526367188,
0.23092040419578552,
-0.15353241562843323,
-0.121337890625,
-0.14114227890968323,
0.19464111328125,
0.28947144746780396,
-0.11745834350585938,
0.4554077088832855,
-0.08805389702320099,
0.33063966035842896,
-0.05670814588665962,
0.3196044862270355,
-0.03451347351074219,
0.3808960020542145,
0.22045135498046875,
0.31317138671875,
0.1028900146484375,
0.2854370176792145,
0.12913279235363007,
0.16445617377758026,
0.2553955018520355,
-0.09478912502527237,
-0.24357910454273224,
0.050244905054569244,
0.764892578125,
0.31495362520217896,
-0.1308135986328125,
-0.31877440214157104,
-0.13376908004283905,
0.25212401151657104,
-0.194000244140625,
0.40325927734375,
0.551928699016571,
-0.27739256620407104,
-0.12201766669750214,
-0.26559752225875854,
0.07784757763147354,
-0.02209988236427307,
0.23538818955421448,
0.12016906589269638,
-0.20442810654640198,
0.29558104276657104,
0.1697647124528885,
-0.28059083223342896,
0.24398192763328552,
0.32709962129592896,
0.0918426513671875,
0.3012451231479645,
0.4605956971645355,
0.024510955438017845,
0.31492918729782104,
-0.20821991562843323,
-0.4020752012729645,
0.3824829161167145,
-0.04024166986346245,
-0.06401977688074112,
0.38519287109375,
0.04860839992761612,
0.20667724311351776,
0.1677505522966385,
0.14035645127296448,
0.34827882051467896,
-0.34413450956344604,
0.37000733613967896,
0.25543975830078125,
-0.09063873440027237,
-0.689990222454071,
0.21638183295726776,
0.561474621295929,
-0.428497314453125,
0.2630981504917145,
0.2609008848667145,
-0.19744873046875,
-0.08410797268152237,
0.38505858182907104,
0.04089050367474556,
-0.1237514466047287,
0.39556884765625,
0.13527221977710724,
0.046662140637636185,
0.08564605563879013,
-0.27308350801467896,
0.535449206829071,
0.11209259182214737,
-0.03888855129480362,
0.2851928770542145,
-0.08193359524011612,
-0.3565917909145355,
0.18349608778953552,
0.08954086154699326,
0.15459862351417542,
-0.3028625547885895,
0.12886199355125427,
0.613085925579071,
0.10930176079273224,
0.00695724505931139,
0.28944092988967896,
-0.33203125,
-0.25164794921875,
0.3224121034145355,
0.1074066162109375,
0.27683717012405396,
-0.5716797113418579,
0.2703918516635895,
0.4369873106479645,
0.133717343211174,
-0.09136810153722763,
-0.18577881157398224,
0.535693347454071,
0.011516571044921875,
0.2707466185092926,
0.10086517035961151,
-0.24458007514476776,
-0.024629974737763405,
-0.045030973851680756,
-0.08370056003332138,
0.04073435068130493,
0.14870604872703552,
-0.3801025450229645,
-0.07373657077550888,
0.08916473388671875,
-0.02081909216940403,
-0.026584625244140625,
0.25025635957717896,
0.45563966035842896,
0.2775161862373352,
0.4427246153354645,
0.1291458159685135,
-0.5416259765625,
-0.11031494289636612,
0.01448822021484375,
0.49846190214157104,
0.05007781833410263,
1.0575683116912842,
0.5940185785293579,
-0.4215087890625,
0.1727294921875,
0.18670348823070526,
-0.53759765625,
0.1573020964860916,
-0.24508056044578552,
-0.37017822265625,
-0.13279113173484802,
0.4500732421875,
0.4716796875,
0.21968689560890198,
-0.4076171815395355,
-0.25822144746780396,
0.6871582269668579,
0.666455090045929,
0.1573944091796875,
0.17061766982078552,
-0.31855469942092896,
-0.16111144423484802,
0.119720458984375,
0.5624023675918579,
-0.013188933953642845,
-0.642260730266571,
-0.16649094223976135,
0.6432861089706421,
0.16653747856616974,
-0.25177001953125,
0.26896971464157104,
-0.13279418647289276,
0.10965881496667862,
-0.2860046327114105,
0.12951049208641052,
0.1814117431640625,
0.05058441311120987,
-0.500195324420929,
0.1182098388671875,
-0.07765503227710724,
-0.19236449897289276,
0.3881645202636719,
0.706250011920929,
-0.09217987209558487,
-0.07381896674633026,
0.37922364473342896,
0.08418884128332138,
0.671093761920929,
0.23613281548023224,
0.05179595947265625,
0.3156982362270355,
0.19017334282398224,
0.13128662109375,
-0.31397706270217896,
-0.2818237245082855,
-0.27973634004592896,
0.4721435606479645,
-0.2714332640171051,
0.1845722198486328,
-0.24689941108226776,
0.6010497808456421,
0.08287887275218964,
0.4091125428676605,
0.40007323026657104,
-0.15638884902000427,
-0.04530639573931694,
0.13481445610523224,
0.18643799424171448,
-0.07309265434741974,
0.0030838013626635075,
-0.15346069633960724,
0.11672153323888779,
0.24412231147289276,
-0.43223875761032104,
0.12445068359375,
0.23627929389476776,
0.048049163073301315,
-0.13667602837085724,
-0.11953659355640411,
-0.6092529296875,
0.13967284560203552,
0.020965982228517532,
0.35395509004592896,
0.33903807401657104,
-0.042119789868593216,
-0.10110779106616974,
0.0830230712890625,
-0.00241851806640625,
0.27669066190719604,
0.03169097751379013,
0.12811890244483948,
-0.3069824278354645,
0.17531795799732208,
0.5677490234375,
0.28240966796875,
0.2091064453125,
0.09981536865234375,
0.16049499809741974,
0.061875153332948685,
0.46564942598342896,
-0.08725528419017792,
0.49602049589157104,
-0.04389534145593643,
-0.16194915771484375,
-0.061332106590270996,
-0.15650634467601776,
-0.17524413764476776,
-0.32231444120407104,
0.02700958214700222,
0.46247559785842896,
0.2517456114292145,
0.30006104707717896,
0.12741699814796448,
0.4327392578125,
0.18797913193702698,
0.006820297334343195,
-0.1070556640625,
-0.34257811307907104,
0.05547065660357475,
0.3069702088832855,
0.22521361708641052,
-0.29412841796875,
-0.1561439484357834,
-0.248870849609375,
-0.10158081352710724,
-0.08574943244457245,
-0.0249481201171875,
0.03828029707074165,
-0.1021629348397255,
0.12800121307373047,
0.24616698920726776,
0.11640014499425888,
-0.07123412936925888,
0.11323852837085724,
0.5923827886581421,
0.3352417051792145,
4.0517578125,
0.14438477158546448,
0.29052734375,
0.05872459337115288,
0.17426452040672302,
0.08170776069164276,
0.3157363831996918,
-0.18395385146141052,
0.25993651151657104,
0.22671203315258026,
-0.31132811307907104,
0.05278491973876953,
0.048726461827754974,
0.26087647676467896,
-0.0692211166024208,
-0.05027923732995987,
0.4695068299770355,
-0.06342010200023651,
-0.08163051307201385,
0.47114259004592896,
-0.2213134765625,
-0.006207275204360485,
0.3760986328125,
0.030641937628388405,
0.4479736387729645,
0.14395980536937714,
-0.07758788764476776,
0.33619385957717896,
0.3621459901332855,
0.147918701171875,
0.12392883002758026,
-0.20139770209789276,
-0.058884430676698685,
0.04221153259277344,
-0.8478027582168579,
0.08886413276195526,
0.4604736268520355,
0.323416143655777,
-0.07430114597082138,
0.11232147365808487,
-0.3377685546875,
-0.0074558258056640625,
0.06488113105297089,
0.448486328125,
0.167724609375,
-0.07360229641199112,
-0.2629150450229645,
0.16179808974266052,
-0.11219634860754013,
0.20125122368335724,
-0.17322388291358948,
-0.08841171115636826,
-0.3692382872104645,
-0.32252198457717896,
0.08204688876867294,
0.46818846464157104,
0.19962158799171448,
0.5989013910293579,
0.04765014722943306,
0.5,
0.125579833984375,
-0.15643921494483948,
-0.06591949611902237,
0.14269408583641052,
-0.5586181879043579,
0.13522644340991974,
0.08550281822681427,
0.39936524629592896,
0.3229614198207855,
-0.02455596998333931,
0.327615350484848,
0.3407959043979645,
0.31280517578125,
-0.25010985136032104,
-0.1983642578125,
0.23515625298023224,
-0.18791504204273224,
0.36768800020217896,
0.20830078423023224,
-0.216796875,
0.2965759336948395,
-0.0820770263671875,
0.043305207043886185,
0.11133117973804474,
0.21666260063648224,
0.5412842035293579,
0.20041808485984802,
-0.22765502333641052,
0.136505126953125,
0.26534730195999146,
0.2773681581020355,
0.14295348525047302,
0.4677734375,
0.11670532077550888,
0.18117675185203552,
0.10400934517383575,
0.14179138839244843,
-4.098437309265137,
0.31097412109375,
0.229949951171875,
-0.128082275390625,
0.1551513671875,
0.20179443061351776,
-0.09493903815746307,
0.4082199037075043,
-0.27348631620407104,
0.05768432468175888,
0.2704101502895355,
0.0039352416060864925,
-0.14912109076976776,
0.03157653659582138,
-0.10253296047449112,
0.22962340712547302,
-0.242411807179451,
0.20888061821460724,
0.37353515625,
-0.05925292894244194,
0.06627044826745987,
0.309967041015625,
0.34901124238967896,
-0.2618408203125,
0.2645812928676605,
-0.12126465141773224,
0.09728698432445526,
0.14799194037914276,
0.44915771484375,
0.02273254469037056,
0.34474486112594604,
-0.02651367150247097,
0.583447277545929,
-0.21552734076976776,
0.2604736387729645,
0.39116209745407104,
0.14049682021141052,
-0.20885619521141052,
0.4605468809604645,
0.3667236268520355,
-0.05828704684972763,
0.09506378322839737,
0.3267455995082855,
0.21132202446460724,
0.09604492038488388,
0.43845826387405396,
-0.5472656488418579,
0.08418154716491699,
-0.4040161073207855,
-0.1361362487077713,
0.13814696669578552,
0.2665039002895355,
-0.10267028957605362,
-0.05524902418255806,
0.3926757872104645,
-0.053812406957149506,
0.17919006943702698,
-0.12572327256202698,
0.5448242425918579,
0.20719604194164276,
-0.25956422090530396,
-0.18931885063648224,
-0.0768585205078125,
-0.09042968600988388,
0.18811607360839844,
0.2611328065395355,
0.11575011909008026,
-0.02905425988137722,
0.15501251816749573,
-0.3310226500034332,
0.34852296113967896,
0.12100829929113388,
0.0028202056419104338,
-0.1773216277360916,
0.31768798828125,
0.0965576171875,
-0.04602851718664169,
0.0003288268926553428,
0.6537109613418579,
0.3463501036167145,
-0.20189209282398224,
0.09395446628332138,
-0.3897705078125,
0.39082640409469604,
2.209277391433716,
0.34626466035842896,
2.2650389671325684,
0.2834228575229645,
0.2369239777326584,
-0.01819324493408203,
0.3022216856479645,
0.14761963486671448,
-0.038381196558475494,
0.06910133361816406,
-0.2532714903354645,
0.2349700927734375,
-0.23028564453125,
0.03992004320025444,
0.23262329399585724,
-0.06846389919519424,
0.4278564453125,
-0.857495129108429,
0.16911621391773224,
0.023355673998594284,
0.392333984375,
-0.18766097724437714,
-0.3990234434604645,
0.268829345703125,
0.3308959901332855,
-0.009761047549545765,
-0.1316574066877365,
0.4740234315395355,
0.006653738208115101,
-0.09000243991613388,
0.13187256455421448,
-0.22205810248851776,
0.5571044683456421,
-0.300872802734375,
0.12326660007238388,
-0.2018272429704666,
-0.06842885166406631,
4.720703125,
0.34019774198532104,
-0.4327636659145355,
-0.24981689453125,
-0.13667145371437073,
0.021031569689512253,
0.4274658262729645,
-0.059848785400390625,
-0.25709229707717896,
0.3633789122104645,
0.603710949420929,
0.18475036323070526,
0.2978149354457855,
0.22781983017921448,
0.19051209092140198,
0.23786620795726776,
0.040404509752988815,
0.04815673828125,
-0.13266678154468536,
0.36241453886032104,
0.09291686862707138,
-0.12102890014648438,
0.008319282904267311,
-0.31743162870407104,
0.024790668860077858,
0.613696277141571,
0.2109375,
-0.18833617866039276,
-0.08611221611499786,
-0.026198100298643112,
-0.1104741320014,
5.448046684265137,
0.18316650390625,
0.3426147401332855,
-0.08733291923999786,
0.10553283989429474,
0.08462315052747726,
-0.24788817763328552,
-0.2965454161167145,
-0.22505493462085724,
-0.07861022651195526,
-0.09543304145336151,
0.24169921875,
0.09550170600414276,
0.8043457269668579,
-0.11252746731042862,
-0.26483154296875,
-0.11920166015625,
0.028113175183534622,
-0.27960205078125,
-0.15206679701805115,
0.58056640625,
0.262176513671875,
-0.16188640892505646,
-0.37031251192092896,
-0.0918785110116005,
-0.13624420762062073,
-0.3438354432582855,
0.1563461273908615,
-0.023569488897919655,
0.10137023776769638,
0.16472777724266052,
0.29246824979782104,
-0.3205932676792145,
0.40666502714157104,
-0.519702136516571,
-0.06463623046875,
0.23577880859375,
0.11347655951976776,
0.283477783203125,
-0.05288200452923775,
0.3753662109375,
0.0011631011730059981,
-0.09310302883386612,
0.15055541694164276,
-0.24989624321460724,
0.15794524550437927,
-0.27838134765625,
0.20272216200828552,
-0.05071253702044487,
-0.0011909485328942537,
0.16925659775733948,
-0.03493957594037056,
1.287109375,
0.18494872748851776,
0.8099120855331421,
0.24483641982078552,
-0.01598510704934597,
0.21054688096046448,
0.2660278379917145,
-0.02033233642578125,
0.3359130918979645,
0.241383358836174,
0.11712036281824112,
0.28727418184280396,
0.4259277284145355,
0.3317504823207855,
-0.010769653134047985,
-0.20778807997703552,
0.5268799066543579,
-0.13819579780101776,
0.3028564453125,
-0.004978942684829235,
0.07247009128332138,
0.3717041015625,
-0.07366180419921875,
0.5574706792831421,
0.20659789443016052,
-0.2623535096645355,
0.1505386382341385,
0.04113655164837837,
-0.052606962621212006,
-0.00781061640009284,
-0.28839111328125,
0.03550110012292862,
-0.03273428604006767,
-0.14274291694164276,
0.05386657640337944,
-0.2954955995082855,
0.29221877455711365,
0.43500977754592896,
0.3310790956020355,
-0.03486023098230362,
0.26341551542282104,
0.76025390625,
-0.06912241131067276,
0.16069945693016052,
0.34788209199905396,
0.3403686583042145,
-0.06576690822839737,
0.05058898776769638,
-0.38862380385398865,
0.07155609130859375,
0.19003601372241974,
-0.16306762397289276,
0.19782105088233948,
-0.02230682410299778,
-0.04593060538172722,
0.32545167207717896,
0.23584231734275818,
-0.04747314378619194,
0.288330078125,
0.144012451171875,
0.1744842529296875,
-0.14295653998851776,
0.047332763671875
] |
2028
|
When did the two term presidency rule go into effect?
|
[
{
"docid": "11968#110",
"text": "At the end of his second term, Washington retired for personal and political reasons, fatigued and disgusted with personal attacks, and to assure a truly contested presidential election could be held. He did not feel bound to a two-term limit, but his retirement ultimately set precedent. The two-term limit to the presidency was formalized with the 1951 adoption of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution. Washington is often credited with setting the principal of a two-term presidency, but it was Thomas Jefferson who first refused to run for a third term on political grounds.",
"title": "George Washington"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "31295388#12",
"text": "Some feel that Coolidge was honoring the two-term tradition set by President Washington. While Coolidge held the opinion that a vice president who succeeded to part of another president's term would not violate the rule by then running twice for election in his own right, this tradition was continued through him and in 1952 and 1968, by Presidents Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson when the latter chose not to seek another term after disappointing showings in the New Hampshire primary. Both had succeeded to the presidency after the death of their predecessors and had been elected only once. Theodore Roosevelt also did not run in 1908 after his succession to the presidency in 1901 and his election in 1904. However, he ran unsuccessfully in 1912, against his successor, William Howard Taft.",
"title": "I do not choose to run"
},
{
"docid": "40402#4",
"text": "It was widely assumed during the year 1875 that incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant would run for a third term as president in spite of the poor economic conditions, the numerous political scandals that had developed since he assumed office in 1869, and a long-standing tradition set by the first president, George Washington, not to stay in office longer than two terms. Grant's inner circle advised him to go for a third term and he almost did, but the House, by a sweeping 233 to 18 vote, passed a resolution declaring that the two-term tradition was to prevent a dictatorship. Late in the year, the president withdrew from the running for 1876.",
"title": "1876 United States presidential election"
},
{
"docid": "148483#31",
"text": "The 1993 constitution limited a presidency to two terms. Shortly after Fujimori began his second term, his supporters in Congress passed a law of \"authentic interpretation\" which effectively allowed him to run for another term in 2000. A 1998 effort to repeal this law by referendum failed. In late 1999, Fujimori announced that he would run for a third term. Peruvian electoral bodies, which were politically sympathetic to Fujimori, accepted his argument that the two-term restriction did not apply to him, as it was enacted while he was already in office.",
"title": "Alberto Fujimori"
},
{
"docid": "23435#136",
"text": "The 1993 constitution limits a presidency to two terms. Shortly after Fujimori began his second term, his supporters in Congress passed a law of \"authentic interpretation\" which effectively allowed him to run for another term in 2000. A 1998 effort to repeal this law by referendum failed. In late 1999, Fujimori announced that he would run for a third term. Peruvian electoral bodies, which were politically sympathetic to Fujimori, accepted his argument that the two-term restriction did not apply to him, as it was enacted while he was already in office.",
"title": "Economy of Peru"
},
{
"docid": "70132#6",
"text": "In spite of the strong two-term tradition, a few presidents prior to Franklin Roosevelt did attempt to secure a third term. Following Ulysses S. Grant's reelection victory in 1872, there were serious discussions within Republican political circles about the possibility of his running again in 1876. Interest in a third term for Grant evaporated however, in the light of negative public opinion and opposition from members of Congress, and Grant left the presidency in 1877, after two terms. Even so, as the 1880 election approached, he sought nomination for a (non-consecutive) third term at the 1880 Republican National Convention, but narrowly lost to James Garfield, who would go on to win the 1880 election.",
"title": "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution"
},
{
"docid": "336528#10",
"text": "The length of a presidential term was ultimately codified by Article Nine of the Articles of Confederation, which authorized Congress \"to appoint one of their number to preside; provided that no person be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years\". When the Articles went into effect in March 1781, however, the Continental Congress did not hold an election for a new president under the new constitution. Instead, Samuel Huntington continued serving a term that had already exceeded the new Term limit. The first president to serve the specified one-year term was John Hanson (November 5, 1781 to November 4, 1782).",
"title": "President of the Continental Congress"
},
{
"docid": "468102#8",
"text": "The first national convention of the Democratic Party began in Baltimore on May 21, 1832. In that year the 2/3 rule was created, requiring a 2/3 vote to nominate a candidate, in order to show the party's unanimous support of Martin Van Buren for vice president. Although this rule was waived in the 1836 and 1840 conventions, in 1844 it was revived by opponents of former President Van Buren, who had the support of a majority, but not two-thirds, of the delegates, in order to prevent him from receiving the nomination. The rule then remained in place for almost the next hundred years, and often led to Democratic National Conventions which dragged on endlessly, most famously at the 1860 convention, when the convention adjourned in Charleston without making a choice and reconvening in separate groups a short time later, and the 1924 convention, when \"Wets\" and \"Drys\" deadlocked between preferred candidates Alfred E. Smith and William G. McAdoo for 103 ballots before finally agreeing on John W. Davis as a compromise candidate. At the 1912 convention, Champ Clark was the first person to receive a majority of the votes who did not go on to achieve a two-thirds vote and the nomination. The 2/3 rule was finally abolished in 1936, when the unanimity in favor of the renomination of President Franklin D. Roosevelt allowed it finally to be put to rest. In the years that followed only one convention (the 1952 Convention) actually went beyond a single ballot.",
"title": "Democratic National Convention"
},
{
"docid": "59344759#0",
"text": "Ferdinand Marcos' second term as President of the Philippines began on December 30, 1969, as a result of his winning the 1969 Philippine presidential election nearly two months earlier on November 11, 1969. Marcos was the first and last president of the Third Philippine Republic to win a second full term. The end of Marcos' second term was supposed to be in December 1973, which would also have been the end of his presidency because the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines allowed him to have only two four-year terms. However, Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law and effectively extending his term indefinitely. He would only be removed from the presidency in 1986, as a result of the People Power Revolution.",
"title": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos"
},
{
"docid": "1571007#4",
"text": "The 1979 Constitution was promulgated on July 12, 1979 by the Constitutional Assembly elected following 10 years of military rule and replaced the suspended 1933 Constitution. It became effective in 1980 with the re-election of deposed President Fernando Belaúnde. It limited the president to a single five-year term and established a bicameral legislature consisting of a 60-member Senate (upper house) and a 180-member Chamber of Deputies (lower house). Members of both chambers were elected for five-year terms, running concurrently with that of the president. Party-list proportional representation was used for both chambers: on a regional basis for the Senate, and using the D'Hondt method for the lower house. Members of both houses had to be Peruvian citizens, with a minimum age of 25 for deputies and 35 for senators. At the beginning of the 1990s, the bicameral congress had a low public approval rating. President Alberto Fujimori did not have the majority in both chambers, the opposition lead the Congress, imposing the power that Fujimori had as President. He made the decision of dissolving Congress by a self-coup to his government in 1992.",
"title": "Congress of the Republic of Peru"
}
] |
[
0.1521061509847641,
0.2132437527179718,
-0.1196550652384758,
-0.11137498915195465,
-0.5032261610031128,
-0.020216260105371475,
0.5615409016609192,
-0.3341762125492096,
0.1652614027261734,
0.15360042452812195,
-0.5868791937828064,
-0.27569580078125,
-0.5157994031906128,
0.34246826171875,
-0.3542654812335968,
0.24498966336250305,
0.310760498046875,
0.09278379380702972,
0.06199536845088005,
0.18743896484375,
-0.1462009996175766,
0.47137451171875,
-0.11253684014081955,
0.2469046413898468,
0.3180193305015564,
-0.03202193230390549,
-0.3736572265625,
0.4381888210773468,
0.34809547662734985,
0.2875017523765564,
0.15695245563983917,
-0.018836429342627525,
0.2330671101808548,
0.09209442138671875,
-0.10783249884843826,
0.09318161010742188,
0.15445055067539215,
0.19962474703788757,
-0.2253875732421875,
0.58642578125,
-0.1541987806558609,
0.2624337375164032,
0.4373081624507904,
-0.0629643052816391,
0.7035086750984192,
-0.2632794976234436,
0.15495845675468445,
-0.3531668484210968,
-0.11454881727695465,
0.1949332058429718,
-0.4173409640789032,
0.21329553425312042,
0.12250737100839615,
-0.15220901370048523,
-0.8349958062171936,
0.5982142686843872,
-0.1644461452960968,
0.277587890625,
-0.07703236490488052,
-0.1856275349855423,
0.3485456109046936,
-0.15164253115653992,
0.0847712904214859,
-0.2119227796792984,
0.2993512749671936,
0.4516252875328064,
0.08779389411211014,
0.2550571858882904,
0.07401493936777115,
0.2173941433429718,
0.003933497704565525,
0.3051932156085968,
0.5437186360359192,
0.10373033583164215,
-0.2032209187746048,
0.3967459499835968,
0.13301412761211395,
0.3751482367515564,
0.1800537109375,
-0.4085562527179718,
0.18710653483867645,
0.05883543938398361,
-0.10593359917402267,
0.3967808187007904,
0.18478938937187195,
0.4714529812335968,
-0.1083526611328125,
-0.03740038350224495,
-0.06883151084184647,
0.6174665093421936,
-0.2107369601726532,
0.3358721137046814,
0.06602267175912857,
0.08043452352285385,
-0.2143075168132782,
0.5642787218093872,
0.5256870985031128,
-0.3414568305015564,
-0.0555398128926754,
-0.5547398328781128,
-0.1188986673951149,
-0.18169403076171875,
-0.07883453369140625,
0.6569300889968872,
-0.07959011942148209,
-0.3958217203617096,
-0.4636753499507904,
0.2188677042722702,
0.1634085476398468,
0.1560429185628891,
0.09874619543552399,
-0.25768715143203735,
0.4855608344078064,
0.1395786851644516,
-0.06663213670253754,
-0.09212003648281097,
0.01199994795024395,
-0.1623404324054718,
-0.23397281765937805,
-0.9842005968093872,
0.1838902086019516,
0.0862230584025383,
-0.1019308939576149,
-0.4014805257320404,
-0.2591915726661682,
-0.2552315890789032,
0.4932512640953064,
-0.2334333211183548,
0.4884730875492096,
0.3551025390625,
-0.16387231647968292,
0.59521484375,
-0.1212724968791008,
0.44989013671875,
-0.01650564931333065,
-0.09194646775722504,
0.2005833238363266,
-0.2349330335855484,
-0.1973593533039093,
-0.3110089898109436,
0.1277705579996109,
-0.093505859375,
0.1319100558757782,
0.6250872015953064,
-0.08572333306074142,
-0.0302614476531744,
0.060295309871435165,
0.2115434855222702,
-0.1635175496339798,
0.2363499253988266,
0.6949986219406128,
0.6023297905921936,
-0.1640232652425766,
0.4748012125492096,
0.3049970269203186,
0.4354160726070404,
0.3128792941570282,
0.5651724934577942,
0.1648058146238327,
0.20697021484375,
0.7330845594406128,
0.2324327677488327,
-0.4049922525882721,
0.1770106703042984,
0.1551688015460968,
0.01829092763364315,
-0.1951446533203125,
0.5365513563156128,
0.5310930609703064,
0.13550350069999695,
-0.3093523383140564,
0.08341271430253983,
-0.2030247300863266,
-0.1533595472574234,
0.305196613073349,
0.1995980441570282,
-0.1949070543050766,
0.3146100640296936,
0.2323564738035202,
-0.0673893541097641,
0.2162911593914032,
-0.4319021999835968,
-0.0365055613219738,
0.19116319715976715,
0.5942208170890808,
0.12052536010742188,
0.2293614000082016,
0.3604997992515564,
-0.4147600531578064,
0.0404946468770504,
0.0387464240193367,
0.1729017049074173,
0.7956368327140808,
-0.06720352172851562,
-0.2701241672039032,
0.5973423719406128,
-0.3622523844242096,
0.4444754421710968,
-0.21490859985351562,
0.2349766343832016,
-0.08469336479902267,
0.007972240447998047,
-0.5463343858718872,
0.1449650377035141,
0.4564557671546936,
-0.051976341754198074,
-0.1582404524087906,
0.0831451416015625,
-0.18279483914375305,
0.21159608662128448,
0.30817195773124695,
0.12864728271961212,
0.06776183098554611,
0.2846788763999939,
-0.2322954386472702,
-0.07234381884336472,
0.3716561496257782,
0.0531943179666996,
0.2944858968257904,
-0.027467727661132812,
-0.06699807196855545,
-0.07163401693105698,
-0.0407126285135746,
0.3285892903804779,
-0.1745670884847641,
-0.15767070651054382,
-0.05252620205283165,
-0.3925083577632904,
0.0935952290892601,
0.2296840101480484,
0.33698490262031555,
0.0963984876871109,
0.11231177300214767,
-0.114044189453125,
0.3879568874835968,
0.11838790029287338,
0.2898494303226471,
-0.2293701171875,
0.3093479573726654,
-0.0392826609313488,
0.3193795382976532,
0.1203765869140625,
0.06500189751386642,
-0.0622035451233387,
0.3143048882484436,
0.3151681125164032,
0.6009521484375,
0.06214577704668045,
-0.3744245171546936,
0.06843458116054535,
0.18715450167655945,
-0.379058837890625,
0.1360037624835968,
0.185882568359375,
-0.140350341796875,
0.4009137749671936,
0.0862143412232399,
-0.1447056382894516,
-0.10775593668222427,
0.13365337252616882,
0.1003461554646492,
0.0716661736369133,
0.3951067328453064,
0.4660121500492096,
-0.2647007405757904,
-0.07773160934448242,
0.4317452609539032,
0.489501953125,
-0.1451328843832016,
0.2751813530921936,
0.5680367350578308,
-0.2054661363363266,
-0.2132938951253891,
0.3272966742515564,
-0.2446812242269516,
-0.0805751234292984,
0.3050537109375,
0.2599705159664154,
-0.5656912922859192,
0.0743974968791008,
0.5899134874343872,
-0.4333278238773346,
-0.2314017117023468,
0.4804861843585968,
0.1933201402425766,
0.46697998046875,
-0.8011299967765808,
0.1357923299074173,
0.03292083740234375,
0.11182566732168198,
0.07043647766113281,
0.27294921875,
-0.024982724338769913,
-0.4015720784664154,
-0.03190672770142555,
-0.04272351786494255,
0.2606985867023468,
0.1278207004070282,
0.3515276312828064,
-0.12073080986738205,
0.7220458984375,
-0.4447719156742096,
0.11578696221113205,
0.8414131999015808,
0.2443803995847702,
-0.1333596408367157,
0.2220982164144516,
0.5043770670890808,
-0.3377598226070404,
0.2874668538570404,
0.4211316704750061,
-0.499267578125,
-0.1619480699300766,
0.6270926594734192,
0.2320992648601532,
0.3287789523601532,
0.4736502468585968,
-0.03408064320683479,
0.382568359375,
0.06417901068925858,
-0.3349347710609436,
0.14283834397792816,
-0.5355224609375,
-0.1585562527179718,
0.3745814859867096,
-0.3169381320476532,
0.055395398288965225,
-0.2616489827632904,
0.4221889078617096,
0.5133928656578064,
0.2617732584476471,
0.4767892062664032,
-0.2914777398109436,
0.006325858179479837,
-0.2690255343914032,
0.2815290093421936,
-0.5531005859375,
0.57275390625,
-0.1270599365234375,
0.13574600219726562,
0.234710693359375,
-0.008844648487865925,
0.2657470703125,
0.2973981499671936,
0.0522199347615242,
0.034323010593652725,
0.2980608344078064,
0.3243887722492218,
0.12674495577812195,
0.1046600341796875,
0.1808079332113266,
0.1865408718585968,
0.1799032986164093,
-0.309051513671875,
0.5545130968093872,
0.1131766214966774,
0.5897042155265808,
-0.0411180779337883,
0.3486676812171936,
-0.12574712932109833,
0.07569054514169693,
0.1319231241941452,
-0.27087074518203735,
0.1647905558347702,
0.2003348171710968,
0.5021275281906128,
0.1573006808757782,
-0.1561410129070282,
-0.0883898064494133,
0.21513380110263824,
0.2413330078125,
-0.020311083644628525,
0.0033629280515015125,
0.3015572726726532,
-0.1870444118976593,
-0.08027581125497818,
-0.2429330050945282,
0.4320591390132904,
0.3012172281742096,
0.5413120985031128,
0.3104509711265564,
0.5190778374671936,
0.17071533203125,
0.038331713527441025,
-0.0955418199300766,
-0.1929473876953125,
0.09158869832754135,
0.4051993191242218,
0.12689481675624847,
0.17721666395664215,
-0.2887311577796936,
0.1011526957154274,
-0.0190887451171875,
-0.053388867527246475,
-0.228271484375,
-0.0018013545777648687,
-0.23260498046875,
0.344390869140625,
0.09715311974287033,
-0.254241943359375,
-0.271240234375,
0.7124720811843872,
0.09300123155117035,
0.4517473578453064,
4.114815711975098,
0.0566820427775383,
0.4065377414226532,
0.2159162312746048,
-0.2647443413734436,
-0.4806256890296936,
0.2024598866701126,
-0.5437186360359192,
0.04969460517168045,
-0.1243438720703125,
-0.2319902628660202,
0.3643624484539032,
-0.2068307101726532,
0.18584060668945312,
-0.0758100226521492,
0.1446140855550766,
0.3388410210609436,
-0.09778159111738205,
-0.10798100382089615,
0.2984357476234436,
-0.6236048936843872,
0.12087031453847885,
0.30572509765625,
0.2580915093421936,
0.4342215359210968,
-0.14688478410243988,
-0.3756626546382904,
0.35048049688339233,
0.3545444905757904,
0.1497323215007782,
0.4033551812171936,
-0.07726608216762543,
0.0822252556681633,
-0.2373918741941452,
-0.6061314344406128,
0.22381591796875,
0.26265281438827515,
-0.02495248056948185,
0.238677978515625,
0.0227977205067873,
-0.1955915242433548,
0.06278473883867264,
0.3387407660484314,
0.5375627875328064,
0.17714664340019226,
-0.4285190999507904,
-0.08698409050703049,
0.4006609320640564,
-0.07634326070547104,
0.27014270424842834,
0.5705043077468872,
-0.0523267462849617,
-0.056642260402441025,
-0.3424072265625,
-0.027356283739209175,
0.4274030327796936,
0.1439993679523468,
0.6866803765296936,
-0.09719303995370865,
0.3299517035484314,
-0.29397910833358765,
-0.2321995347738266,
0.39404296875,
0.005197116173803806,
-0.2462179958820343,
-0.4875662624835968,
0.1888362318277359,
0.4855085015296936,
0.19169017672538757,
-0.3188127875328064,
0.1050022691488266,
0.2525722086429596,
0.4470389187335968,
-0.3836408257484436,
0.130417138338089,
-0.3395821750164032,
-0.1883065402507782,
-0.12644849717617035,
-0.23021452128887177,
0.12042726576328278,
-0.0482591912150383,
0.01024627685546875,
-0.03998797386884689,
0.09468405693769455,
0.1717049777507782,
0.3053458034992218,
-0.2858407199382782,
-0.1870901882648468,
0.3226580023765564,
0.006267547607421875,
0.170928955078125,
0.023938314989209175,
0.12904249131679535,
-0.05267006903886795,
-0.2737334072589874,
0.07532010972499847,
-0.1759120374917984,
-4.012137413024902,
-0.1119036003947258,
0.4623151421546936,
0.0338527150452137,
0.08949824422597885,
-0.0014299665344879031,
0.1755850613117218,
0.10873918980360031,
-0.04161030799150467,
0.082763671875,
0.6115199327468872,
0.1748134046792984,
-0.6722586750984192,
0.5893380045890808,
-0.1801038533449173,
-0.025322506204247475,
0.027596337720751762,
0.03313400223851204,
0.2967965304851532,
0.015106881968677044,
-0.2904796600341797,
0.014751979149878025,
0.6417410969734192,
-0.12303277105093002,
0.07117026299238205,
0.2366507351398468,
0.17956678569316864,
0.03477014973759651,
0.07510512322187424,
0.2210954874753952,
-0.3763536810874939,
0.13323211669921875,
0.3496616780757904,
-0.1729561984539032,
0.11522184312343597,
0.4668840765953064,
0.1857517808675766,
0.0456412173807621,
0.3082624077796936,
0.17921338975429535,
-0.06699971109628677,
0.23412363231182098,
0.3229021430015564,
0.1385716050863266,
0.3307320773601532,
0.07895632833242416,
-0.2527378499507904,
0.05766623467206955,
-0.4178292453289032,
0.022009100764989853,
-0.0334058478474617,
0.1736581027507782,
-0.2530255913734436,
-0.05183519795536995,
0.3893868625164032,
-0.09652192145586014,
-0.14333561062812805,
0.1991424560546875,
0.321075439453125,
0.2831072211265564,
0.2812914252281189,
-0.20826885104179382,
0.12477874755859375,
-0.09092684835195541,
0.1054513081908226,
-0.08343015611171722,
0.10120173543691635,
-0.12210763990879059,
0.1887337863445282,
-0.27491432428359985,
0.2809971272945404,
0.2022944837808609,
0.2472447007894516,
-0.4746268093585968,
0.1561410129070282,
0.5905587077140808,
-0.02801077626645565,
0.1014382466673851,
0.6051897406578064,
0.0734383687376976,
-0.3025164008140564,
0.2993251383304596,
-0.3718436062335968,
0.22906494140625,
2.2656948566436768,
0.5386962890625,
2.232700824737549,
0.2545334994792938,
0.13643646240234375,
0.2733938992023468,
-0.19593048095703125,
0.0405818410217762,
0.15113939344882965,
0.2002912312746048,
0.1311580091714859,
0.23809705674648285,
0.022472381591796875,
0.2262747585773468,
-0.06782204657793045,
-0.15864644944667816,
0.2954275906085968,
-1.0672084093093872,
0.2086399644613266,
-0.02836649678647518,
0.6484026312828064,
0.22705575823783875,
0.22459957003593445,
0.33493587374687195,
0.3023245632648468,
-0.05980682373046875,
-0.2138148695230484,
-0.2323739230632782,
0.3556475043296814,
0.09413228929042816,
-0.415771484375,
-0.4750802218914032,
0.1981898695230484,
0.3492954671382904,
0.1000082865357399,
0.1438685804605484,
0.05597223713994026,
4.653738975524902,
0.3484998345375061,
-0.2813808023929596,
0.20345482230186462,
0.3824898898601532,
-0.04186248779296875,
0.4163469672203064,
0.3021152913570404,
0.049483299255371094,
0.8168247938156128,
0.3574131429195404,
0.2422311007976532,
0.01168877724558115,
-0.2062922865152359,
0.061125483363866806,
0.363067626953125,
-0.02281733974814415,
0.5020577311515808,
-0.3038155734539032,
0.3075648844242096,
0.5668596625328064,
0.2133745402097702,
0.07552296668291092,
0.1631709486246109,
0.12598909437656403,
0.1610586941242218,
0.29371562600135803,
-0.2164873331785202,
-0.054059844464063644,
0.3065534234046936,
-0.1152867004275322,
5.451171875,
0.3643624484539032,
0.4764229953289032,
0.04183850809931755,
-0.08730915933847427,
0.0438079833984375,
-0.1813831329345703,
-0.15666572749614716,
0.1797376424074173,
-0.0008959089173004031,
-0.2857840359210968,
0.012963022105395794,
-0.16664505004882812,
0.2459324449300766,
0.12367003411054611,
0.3751264214515686,
-0.20655645430088043,
-0.3196847140789032,
-0.1485791951417923,
-0.4171840250492096,
0.7105015516281128,
-0.1539742648601532,
0.3263462483882904,
-0.5264805555343628,
-0.5739222764968872,
0.07383400946855545,
0.1587611585855484,
0.1933332234621048,
-0.09823223203420639,
0.1095929816365242,
0.5128871202468872,
0.51861572265625,
-0.4398542046546936,
0.0122315539047122,
0.1600843220949173,
0.4354226291179657,
0.3500540554523468,
0.4320330023765564,
0.0049035209231078625,
0.1124441996216774,
0.1588113009929657,
0.18521499633789062,
-0.1705711930990219,
0.4543522298336029,
0.021656036376953125,
-0.13049697875976562,
-0.3214372992515564,
0.01167242880910635,
-0.1988569051027298,
0.0207192562520504,
-0.18197400867938995,
0.05425017327070236,
0.96630859375,
-0.11108667403459549,
0.2032623291015625,
0.3021152913570404,
0.1257280558347702,
-0.3584507405757904,
0.1675589382648468,
0.017278125509619713,
0.26816385984420776,
0.1383122056722641,
-0.1157379150390625,
0.3851405680179596,
0.0489174984395504,
0.4281528890132904,
0.5192696452140808,
0.03583049774169922,
0.80029296875,
-0.1415361613035202,
-0.2273777574300766,
-0.3617313802242279,
-0.09365872293710709,
0.0011929103638976812,
-0.2227412611246109,
0.4507577121257782,
0.36956787109375,
-0.16095979511737823,
0.11208588629961014,
0.0422385074198246,
0.0738002210855484,
0.1397378146648407,
-0.3747384250164032,
-0.1299765408039093,
0.1235896497964859,
0.3490862250328064,
-0.3820103108882904,
-0.2400338351726532,
0.0007569449371658266,
0.08752114325761795,
0.20318603515625,
-0.373291015625,
-0.3593575656414032,
0.1591687947511673,
0.6360211968421936,
0.0072408402338624,
-0.0381120964884758,
-0.1277356892824173,
0.0944431871175766,
-0.04833984375,
-0.3875645101070404,
0.0555485300719738,
-0.04864249750971794,
-0.2424229234457016,
0.1423448771238327,
-0.28101783990859985,
0.01808016560971737,
0.14796201884746552,
0.5376673936843872,
0.14509527385234833,
0.3322230875492096,
0.1680210679769516,
0.4903826117515564,
0.2309483140707016,
0.3438459038734436
] |
2030
|
When did World of Warcraft come out?
|
[
{
"docid": "379591#0",
"text": "World of Warcraft (WoW) is a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) released in 2004 by Blizzard Entertainment. It is the fourth released game set in the \"Warcraft\" fantasy universe. \"World of Warcraft\" takes place within the \"Warcraft\" world of Azeroth, approximately four years after the events at the conclusion of Blizzard's previous \"Warcraft\" release, \".\" The game was announced in 2001, and was released for the 10th anniversary of the \"Warcraft\" franchise on November 23, 2004. Since launch, \"World of Warcraft\" has had seven major expansion packs released for it: \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"\".",
"title": "World of Warcraft"
},
{
"docid": "780950#7",
"text": "In 2004, Blizzard Entertainment moved the series away from the real-time strategy genre and released \"World of Warcraft\", a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). Requiring a subscription fee to be paid to play, it also introduced regular additional content to the series in the form of patches. \"World of Warcraft\" gained popularity worldwide, becoming the world's largest subscription-based MMORPG in 2008. The game reached a peak 12 million subscribers worldwide in October 2010. \"World of Warcraft\" has had seven expansions as of 2018. During the production of \"\", Blizzard co-founder Frank Pearce stated that \"If there's a team that's passionate about doing another \"Warcraft\" [real-time strategy], then that's definitely something we would consider. It's nothing that we're working on right now, we have development teams working on \"\", \"\", \"Diablo III\", and when those teams are all off the projects they're working on, they'll be intimately involved in the discussions about what's next\".",
"title": "Warcraft"
},
{
"docid": "24068322#10",
"text": "One of the primary features of \"Cataclysm\" is the redesign of the continents of Eastern Kingdoms and Kalimdor introduced with the launch of \"World of Warcraft\" in 2004. While the initial game design did not allow for the use of flying mounts in 'old-world' zones, those zones have been completely redesigned with flight in mind for \"Cataclysm\". Flight is still unavailable for Burning Crusade starting zones for the blood elves and the draenei.",
"title": "World of Warcraft: Cataclysm"
},
{
"docid": "379591#24",
"text": "\"World of Warcraft\" was first announced by Blizzard at the ECTS trade show in September 2001. Released in 2004, development of the game took roughly 4–5 years, including extensive testing. The 3D graphics in \"World of Warcraft\" use elements of the proprietary graphics engine originally used in \"Warcraft III\". The game was designed to be an open environment where players are allowed to do what they please. Quests are optional and were designed to help guide players, allow character development, and to spread characters across different zones to try to avoid what developers called \"player collision\". The game interface allows players to customize appearance and controls, and to install add-ons and other modifications.",
"title": "World of Warcraft"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "67461#18",
"text": "The game was released in November 1994. Although reviews did not appear until months later, in \"Dragon\" Paul Murphy described the game as \"great fun – absorbing and colorful,\" and Scott Love praised its solid strategy, simple interface and fantasy theme. \"Warcraft: Orcs & Humans\" won \"PC Gamer\"’s Editors' Choice Award, \"Computer Life\"’s Critics' Pick and the Innovations Award at the Consumer Electronics Show, Winter 1995. It was a finalist for \"Computer Gaming World\"’s Premier award, \"PC Gamer\"’s Strategy Game of the Year and the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences's Best Strategy award. In 1996, \"Computer Gaming World\" declared \"Warcraft\" the 125th-best computer game ever released.",
"title": "Warcraft: Orcs & Humans"
},
{
"docid": "880212#12",
"text": "The 2D animation style of \"Warcraft Adventures\" was chosen to maintain visual consistency with the \"Warcraft\" strategy games, a major concern of Blizzard's. This was in contrast to the pre-rendered 3D graphics featured in certain other games of the time, including \"\", whose 2D artwork had been drawn overtop pre-rendered 3D models. When it was announced in March 1997, \"Warcraft Adventures\" was slated to include above 40,000 individual animation frames, 70 characters and 60 areas for the player to visit. Around 20 minutes' worth of animated cutscenes were ultimately created for the game. The quality of Animation Magic's output was a concern for Blizzard, and the team had difficulty keeping the Russian team in line with the \"anal-retentive\" attention to detail of the Irvine team, according to Roper. Blizzard's Micky Neilson later recalled a moment early in the project when Metzen, alongside artists Samwise Didier and Ron Millar, traveled to the Russian office to coordinate with the animators. He noted that Blizzard had been unable to convey its directions remotely, and that \"the art improved [after the visit], though it still had a ways to go before reaching Blizzard quality.\" Didier and Metzen continued to put long hours into managing the Russian team through early 1997; in Neilson's view, the project began \"taking a lot longer than expected.\" Later that year, Roper reported that Blizzard felt the art was coming out well.",
"title": "Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans"
},
{
"docid": "4963559#0",
"text": "World of Warcraft: Rise of the Horde is a novel by Christie Golden set in the Warcraft Universe. It was published in December 2006. Golden also has a commitment with Blizzard Entertainment and Simon & Schuster to write a StarCraft trilogy. Originally presumed to be the sequel to her previous 2001 book, , it depicts the draenei's escape from Argus and the rise of the Horde, following their shift from a shamanic race to a warmongering one. The book features major Warcraft characters, such as Durotan, Ner'zhul, Gul'dan, Orgrim Doomhammer, Kil'jaeden, and Velen. The story tells of how the orc clans and the noble draenei slowly become enemies due to deception and arrogance, and shows the downward spiral into which the orcs are thrown, and explores the role that demonic forces play in the Horde. It also expands on the origin of the Burning Legion, and the events preceding the first game of the Warcraft series.",
"title": "World of Warcraft: Rise of the Horde"
},
{
"docid": "2255441#0",
"text": "World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade is the first expansion set for the MMORPG \"World of Warcraft\". It was released on January 16, 2007 at local midnight in Europe and North America, selling nearly 2.4 million copies on release day alone and making it, at the time, the fastest-selling PC game released at that point. Approximately 3.53 million copies were sold in the first month of release, including 1.9 million in North America, over 100,000 copies in Australasia, and nearly 1.6 million in Europe.",
"title": "World of Warcraft: The Burning Crusade"
},
{
"docid": "61139#2",
"text": "After \"\" was released in 1996, Blizzard originally began development of a point-and-click adventure game called \"\" which was supposed to tell the story after \"Warcraft II\". \"Lord of the Clans\" was canceled in favor of \"Warcraft III\" in 1998 which was presented to the public at the European Computer Trade Show in September 1999. The game's design and gameplay was significantly altered during development, with the final game sharing little similarities with the originally presented version. \"Warcraft III\" is set several years after the events of \"Warcraft II\" and its expansion and tells the story of the Burning Legion's attempt to conquer the fictional world of Azeroth with the help of an army of the Undead, led by fallen paladin Arthas Menethil. It also chronicles the combined efforts of the Human Alliance, Orcish Horde and Night Elves to stop them before they can corrupt the World Tree.",
"title": "Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos"
},
{
"docid": "12563163#0",
"text": "World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King is the second expansion set for the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) \"World of Warcraft\", following \"\". It launched on November 13, 2008 and sold 2.8 million copies within the first day, making it the fastest selling computer game of all time released at that point. The game added a substantial amount of new content into the game world, including the new continent of Northrend, home of the eponymous Lich King and his undead minions. In order to advance through Northrend, players are required to reach at least level 68 and the level cap for the expansion is 80. The first hero class was introduced, the Death Knight, that starts at level 55.",
"title": "World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King"
},
{
"docid": "379591#36",
"text": "Blizzard routinely applies older expansions to all accounts as new expansions are released. On June 28, 2011, \"The Burning Crusade\" expansion was automatically applied to all previous \"Warcraft\" accounts at no cost. On September 19, 2012, the same thing was done with the \"Wrath of the Lich King\" expansion, and on October 15, 2013 the \"Cataclysm\" expansion was also applied. On October 15, 2014, \"Mists of Pandaria\" was applied to all accounts following the release of Warlords. On May 17, 2016, \"Warlords of Draenor\" was applied to all accounts to coincide with the release of the Warcraft movie that gives a 30-day trial of the game.\nAll \"The Burning Crusade\", \"Wrath of the Lich King\", \"Cataclysm\", \"Mists of Pandaria\" and \"Warlords of Draenor\" content is now effectively part of the original game, with all new \"World of Warcraft\" accounts automatically including these expansions upon creation. As of the pre-patch release of \"Battle for Azeroth\" in July 2018, all expansions up to \"Legion\" are included in the base game.",
"title": "World of Warcraft"
}
] |
[
0.24093016982078552,
0.11280355602502823,
-0.202952578663826,
0.12374953925609589,
0.07533721625804901,
0.33812254667282104,
0.4542480409145355,
-0.3738037049770355,
0.1772613525390625,
0.2664550840854645,
0.14095458388328552,
0.12263794243335724,
-0.15311451256275177,
0.2080528289079666,
-0.039120864123106,
-0.22675780951976776,
0.2687133848667145,
0.08992157131433487,
0.13998261094093323,
0.15424804389476776,
0.07366943359375,
0.45830076932907104,
-0.0035644532181322575,
-0.06161193922162056,
-0.17109374701976776,
0.04020996019244194,
-0.16294555366039276,
0.34992676973342896,
0.08229513466358185,
0.663378894329071,
0.19650153815746307,
-0.07461242377758026,
-0.19388428330421448,
0.484375,
-0.357015997171402,
0.16994628310203552,
0.16815185546875,
0.33027344942092896,
0.19432219862937927,
-0.3396240174770355,
-0.3175903260707855,
-0.196044921875,
0.6268066167831421,
-0.21481934189796448,
0.4981933534145355,
0.151823952794075,
0.23741206526756287,
0.03009643591940403,
-0.01469573937356472,
0.03527526929974556,
-0.26652830839157104,
-0.22348633408546448,
-0.12935790419578552,
-0.160919189453125,
-0.3194213807582855,
0.3257507383823395,
-0.2597900331020355,
0.4487060606479645,
0.03153381496667862,
0.41517335176467896,
0.2735961973667145,
0.1568756103515625,
-0.10400237888097763,
0.01264801062643528,
0.0130615234375,
0.30560302734375,
-0.01451263390481472,
0.11069183051586151,
0.28141480684280396,
-0.3301025331020355,
-0.18843993544578552,
0.5079590082168579,
0.612963855266571,
-0.045135498046875,
-0.19732436537742615,
-0.2633605897426605,
0.04805793613195419,
-0.19436855614185333,
0.2910827696323395,
-0.39305418729782104,
0.341552734375,
-0.12269897758960724,
-0.27443236112594604,
-0.20769043266773224,
-0.040857017040252686,
0.26978760957717896,
-0.06551094353199005,
0.20400390028953552,
0.22360840439796448,
0.521899402141571,
0.07326088100671768,
-0.06778564304113388,
0.3336547911167145,
-0.03260955959558487,
-0.11125488579273224,
0.1720931977033615,
0.172831729054451,
-0.33807373046875,
-0.0019435882568359375,
-0.3389648497104645,
0.21961669623851776,
-0.2313232421875,
-0.06348724663257599,
0.502734363079071,
0.08267517387866974,
-0.31901854276657104,
-0.529223620891571,
0.10146979987621307,
0.23051147162914276,
0.527905285358429,
0.16816215217113495,
-0.20221558213233948,
0.3269409239292145,
-0.22385254502296448,
0.1658279448747635,
0.15886840224266052,
0.2136562317609787,
-0.2801147401332855,
-0.04801025241613388,
-0.5847228765487671,
0.4999023377895355,
0.2783569395542145,
-0.2650146484375,
-0.0506744384765625,
-0.518139660358429,
-0.43290406465530396,
0.5546875,
0.2878784239292145,
0.664501965045929,
0.6607421636581421,
-0.07636795192956924,
0.23322753608226776,
0.23937377333641052,
0.5429931879043579,
0.179057314991951,
0.18807677924633026,
0.05247344821691513,
0.07273407280445099,
-0.11600951850414276,
-0.13344725966453552,
-0.29692307114601135,
0.17563477158546448,
0.029508208855986595,
0.660961925983429,
-0.01300659216940403,
0.238555908203125,
0.021913623437285423,
0.5601806640625,
0.2709594666957855,
0.47895509004592896,
0.6701904535293579,
0.12030029296875,
-0.08665771782398224,
0.5761474370956421,
0.10869598388671875,
0.21771240234375,
0.13873596489429474,
0.04829711839556694,
-0.2813964784145355,
0.3059020936489105,
0.784423828125,
0.21745605766773224,
-0.06003761291503906,
0.06000995635986328,
-0.11416931450366974,
0.06400451809167862,
-0.1125335693359375,
0.3189941346645355,
0.6113525629043579,
-0.02372436597943306,
-0.19359740614891052,
0.18862304091453552,
-0.03338775783777237,
-0.11518631130456924,
-0.02656250074505806,
0.17057494819164276,
-0.24212531745433807,
-0.07031478732824326,
0.197113037109375,
-0.1464385986328125,
0.22719725966453552,
0.15405578911304474,
0.051698632538318634,
0.004885482601821423,
0.610058605670929,
0.194580078125,
-0.16292420029640198,
-0.210540771484375,
-0.3838134706020355,
0.31992799043655396,
0.33892822265625,
0.0515899658203125,
0.5765136480331421,
-0.4458984434604645,
-0.026980210095643997,
0.09933166205883026,
-0.12317166477441788,
0.2569824159145355,
0.2762207090854645,
-0.11895141750574112,
-0.1850540190935135,
0.22221679985523224,
-0.30168455839157104,
0.3160644471645355,
0.42204588651657104,
-0.2951827943325043,
-0.19154663383960724,
0.2558211386203766,
-0.4029296934604645,
-0.15035399794578552,
0.13600043952465057,
0.11366882175207138,
0.062164306640625,
0.4389892518520355,
0.16697081923484802,
0.5463622808456421,
0.048647306859493256,
-0.052988432347774506,
0.39960938692092896,
0.25743407011032104,
-0.05621533468365669,
0.41315919160842896,
-0.09169159084558487,
0.0039382935501635075,
0.11385192722082138,
-0.31541746854782104,
0.02236480638384819,
-0.46611326932907104,
0.2513427734375,
0.4404296875,
0.23906859755516052,
0.2571357786655426,
-0.02076416090130806,
-0.22113037109375,
0.16242370009422302,
0.19223633408546448,
0.2995971739292145,
0.04683380201458931,
-0.08455276489257812,
-0.06255722045898438,
0.19440917670726776,
0.10843505710363388,
-0.11882324516773224,
-0.06260070949792862,
0.34290772676467896,
-0.29691773653030396,
0.5864013433456421,
0.30881959199905396,
0.060546875,
0.15900878608226776,
0.18195787072181702,
-0.0205535888671875,
0.20361700654029846,
0.38444823026657104,
-0.32520753145217896,
0.14769287407398224,
0.11787720024585724,
0.09070434421300888,
-0.08573226630687714,
0.19915771484375,
0.01933593675494194,
0.597485363483429,
0.14206238090991974,
0.13232727348804474,
-0.3353515565395355,
-0.2605041563510895,
0.4338622987270355,
0.61376953125,
-0.0725555419921875,
0.22915038466453552,
0.536572277545929,
-0.23307037353515625,
0.17205199599266052,
0.3448120057582855,
-0.4231933653354645,
-0.23062439262866974,
0.47443848848342896,
0.2821029722690582,
-0.21614989638328552,
0.25795286893844604,
-0.006051254458725452,
0.13237228989601135,
-0.01003341656178236,
-0.29664915800094604,
-0.009992599487304688,
0.18297424912452698,
-0.04772339016199112,
-0.13636168837547302,
-0.11771850287914276,
-0.14327697455883026,
0.05586852878332138,
0.23991699516773224,
-0.40947264432907104,
-0.38197630643844604,
-0.03351440280675888,
-0.06981353461742401,
0.260488897562027,
0.017241764813661575,
0.19279174506664276,
0.035430908203125,
0.4258056581020355,
-0.5738769769668579,
0.102386474609375,
0.6542724370956421,
0.07310867309570312,
-0.14210739731788635,
-0.16062012314796448,
0.25849610567092896,
0.017603684216737747,
0.39665526151657104,
0.3994384706020355,
-0.648144543170929,
0.023493194952607155,
0.40642088651657104,
0.17610779404640198,
0.6037842035293579,
0.19316406548023224,
0.26207274198532104,
0.704052746295929,
-0.05615425109863281,
-0.26953428983688354,
-0.5276855230331421,
-0.3983154296875,
0.13009949028491974,
0.428955078125,
-0.378997802734375,
0.03381023555994034,
-0.2672485411167145,
0.53125,
0.060147859156131744,
0.16564273834228516,
0.36958009004592896,
-0.26860350370407104,
-0.14326706528663635,
-0.12126617133617401,
0.25421142578125,
0.24693603813648224,
0.5705810785293579,
-0.07708740234375,
-0.2379402220249176,
0.10052566230297089,
-0.20556029677391052,
-0.03724823147058487,
0.36101073026657104,
-0.05128631740808487,
0.04901561886072159,
-0.26234132051467896,
-0.4270263612270355,
0.2729248106479645,
-0.11222229152917862,
0.257040411233902,
-0.2635360658168793,
0.09737701714038849,
0.07978515326976776,
0.249420166015625,
0.3653930723667145,
0.24167481064796448,
0.39252930879592896,
0.3559814393520355,
-0.1678932160139084,
0.18441161513328552,
0.07382354885339737,
0.38859862089157104,
0.13926085829734802,
0.508959949016571,
-0.1799774169921875,
-0.05652465671300888,
0.01149902306497097,
-0.07345886528491974,
0.3539184629917145,
-0.03247223049402237,
0.032346345484256744,
-0.07435150444507599,
0.039960481226444244,
-0.3706298768520355,
-0.25419920682907104,
0.031256843358278275,
0.4298950135707855,
0.5260254144668579,
0.34099119901657104,
0.24088135361671448,
0.591113269329071,
0.19890746474266052,
0.0024891854263842106,
-0.28696900606155396,
0.14525146782398224,
-0.03996581956744194,
-0.0033523559104651213,
0.06132812425494194,
-0.04234619066119194,
0.3768066465854645,
-0.22530516982078552,
0.14410094916820526,
-0.42979735136032104,
0.03546905517578125,
-0.26160889863967896,
0.0025917054153978825,
0.065948486328125,
0.100189208984375,
-0.09843750298023224,
0.2518310546875,
0.4615234434604645,
0.3135131895542145,
0.524462878704071,
4.217382907867432,
-0.18651123344898224,
0.3431762754917145,
-0.5833495855331421,
-0.34282225370407104,
-0.12634658813476562,
0.22364501655101776,
-0.08840332180261612,
0.06007690355181694,
0.08310241997241974,
-0.112548828125,
0.0695648193359375,
0.298095703125,
0.07986374199390411,
-0.08180999755859375,
0.10175170749425888,
0.5480591058731079,
0.09193801879882812,
0.282235711812973,
0.4678710997104645,
-0.12739868462085724,
0.40283203125,
0.158477783203125,
0.33734130859375,
0.35688477754592896,
-0.0017402649391442537,
0.1417694091796875,
-0.09717712551355362,
0.19898681342601776,
0.11078949272632599,
0.594970703125,
-0.15605011582374573,
0.48725587129592896,
-0.06519889831542969,
-0.80419921875,
0.18399658799171448,
0.4669555723667145,
0.2771057188510895,
0.1158374771475792,
-0.006830024532973766,
-0.2832397520542145,
0.20096436142921448,
-0.36639100313186646,
0.5123291015625,
0.4398437440395355,
-0.27485352754592896,
-0.06770171970129013,
0.2947631776332855,
0.312744140625,
-0.10080413520336151,
0.20021668076515198,
-0.0082244873046875,
-0.1021091490983963,
-0.024281978607177734,
0.17877808213233948,
0.4892822206020355,
0.24501952528953552,
0.631640613079071,
0.018556594848632812,
0.017221730202436447,
-0.09231261909008026,
-0.16119384765625,
0.0554351806640625,
0.2855590879917145,
-0.22949524223804474,
-0.0898895263671875,
0.14096374809741974,
0.615795910358429,
0.5948486328125,
-0.021834563463926315,
0.11167297512292862,
0.17100219428539276,
-0.08507080376148224,
-0.2794555723667145,
0.08520317077636719,
-0.20256347954273224,
-0.05547485500574112,
0.21604613959789276,
-0.03255157545208931,
-0.032961271703243256,
0.19052734971046448,
-0.2569335997104645,
0.17634277045726776,
-0.03712310642004013,
-0.060047149658203125,
0.5013672113418579,
0.18571777641773224,
-0.4916748106479645,
0.14058533310890198,
-0.049208831042051315,
0.2894531190395355,
0.09270782768726349,
-0.13115596771240234,
0.16332092881202698,
0.33348387479782104,
0.22478027641773224,
0.050655364990234375,
-4.012890815734863,
0.146728515625,
-0.23319092392921448,
0.15101012587547302,
0.11618652194738388,
0.4522949159145355,
0.362060546875,
0.23975220322608948,
-0.2709106504917145,
0.443115234375,
-0.0722278580069542,
0.09206390380859375,
0.03307800367474556,
0.41252440214157104,
0.11682434380054474,
0.06416626274585724,
-0.250082403421402,
0.11177978664636612,
0.44310301542282104,
-0.02812347374856472,
0.08547592163085938,
0.13477782905101776,
0.18258361518383026,
-0.37997132539749146,
0.2978454530239105,
-0.07111816108226776,
0.20257568359375,
-0.4136718809604645,
-0.07269287109375,
0.131744384765625,
-0.23016509413719177,
0.24989013373851776,
0.4728027284145355,
-0.26878660917282104,
-0.058563996106386185,
0.323648065328598,
0.03320159763097763,
-0.19616088271141052,
0.23809814453125,
0.02648620679974556,
-0.26165771484375,
0.05502338334918022,
0.30596923828125,
-0.2911132872104645,
0.03180980682373047,
0.10491561889648438,
-0.19367370009422302,
0.04613647609949112,
0.10139770805835724,
-0.2830566465854645,
0.21088866889476776,
0.011726761236786842,
-0.17684021592140198,
0.0026260376907885075,
0.6446288824081421,
-0.10416565090417862,
-0.20833739638328552,
0.35521239042282104,
0.20326538383960724,
0.19798584282398224,
0.10544586181640625,
0.11028747260570526,
0.19792480766773224,
0.339111328125,
0.1114044189453125,
-0.08677291870117188,
0.29149168729782104,
0.2844604551792145,
0.23444823920726776,
-0.11764831840991974,
0.45637208223342896,
0.34296876192092896,
-0.006701660342514515,
-0.10534362494945526,
0.2955993711948395,
0.16254273056983948,
-0.03444824367761612,
0.03706054762005806,
0.541943371295929,
0.2792907655239105,
-0.16289368271827698,
0.25523680448532104,
-0.39521485567092896,
0.4645019471645355,
2.4698243141174316,
0.19397583603858948,
2.1807618141174316,
0.06366576999425888,
-0.03357124328613281,
0.12263794243335724,
-0.5291503667831421,
0.39079588651657104,
0.20159912109375,
-0.13953247666358948,
-0.18680420517921448,
-0.14552001655101776,
-0.17157745361328125,
0.41108399629592896,
-0.1809704750776291,
-0.26964110136032104,
0.238433837890625,
-1.1250488758087158,
0.17750854790210724,
0.21327514946460724,
0.033438872545957565,
-0.20892944931983948,
-0.23570556938648224,
0.2872863709926605,
0.574047863483429,
-0.028060531243681908,
-0.23461398482322693,
0.1023433655500412,
0.05851421505212784,
-0.17955932021141052,
0.07825088500976562,
-0.10756073147058487,
0.5829101800918579,
0.09782867133617401,
0.020336532965302467,
0.11688842624425888,
-0.09681854397058487,
4.712500095367432,
0.07943763583898544,
-0.12550048530101776,
0.11473540961742401,
0.10307236015796661,
0.10169677436351776,
0.4961914122104645,
-0.17469482123851776,
0.11547394096851349,
-0.17706528306007385,
0.36604005098342896,
0.3213134706020355,
0.03569640964269638,
-0.13447265326976776,
0.03950328752398491,
0.141133114695549,
-0.3301635682582855,
0.3260864317417145,
0.2864990234375,
0.08032532036304474,
0.3426879942417145,
0.1304573118686676,
0.10140685737133026,
-0.22826842963695526,
0.12643280625343323,
0.09937133640050888,
0.28370362520217896,
-0.36060792207717896,
-0.0107269287109375,
0.4269042909145355,
0.6116698980331421,
5.495703220367432,
0.2548156678676605,
0.13880614936351776,
-0.0329158790409565,
-0.111475370824337,
0.2011871337890625,
0.1397436559200287,
0.12395019829273224,
0.01805725134909153,
0.024141693487763405,
-0.32183837890625,
0.06792640686035156,
0.006657219026237726,
0.22871550917625427,
-0.00822229404002428,
0.2909301817417145,
-0.16596069931983948,
-0.08879165351390839,
0.33037108182907104,
-0.23610229790210724,
0.5106201171875,
-0.09287109225988388,
-0.005856704898178577,
-0.6154540777206421,
0.01970214769244194,
-0.3442932069301605,
0.0777667984366417,
0.20225830376148224,
0.057328034192323685,
-0.05238189548254013,
0.344970703125,
0.5933837890625,
-0.09421386569738388,
0.34077149629592896,
-0.403024286031723,
0.597460925579071,
0.22598877549171448,
0.0762186050415039,
0.261932373046875,
-0.15812988579273224,
0.27752685546875,
0.49853515625,
-0.008312225341796875,
-0.05279235914349556,
-0.30717164278030396,
-0.19503173232078552,
-0.03157539293169975,
-0.20947265625,
-0.19312438368797302,
-0.0611688606441021,
0.11839523166418076,
-0.24843749403953552,
0.912670910358429,
0.16578693687915802,
0.5323730707168579,
0.2386474609375,
-0.17151793837547302,
0.2471923828125,
0.027862548828125,
-0.218394473195076,
0.4013915956020355,
0.07878246158361435,
0.008404159918427467,
0.10790405422449112,
0.19710083305835724,
-0.02375488355755806,
0.5458739995956421,
-0.005446243099868298,
0.536181628704071,
-0.3740600645542145,
0.20456543564796448,
0.21405640244483948,
0.05574779585003853,
0.19598999619483948,
-0.01227417029440403,
0.26457518339157104,
0.1143798828125,
-0.30610352754592896,
-0.08011016994714737,
-0.07250595092773438,
-0.05279541015625,
-0.4239257872104645,
-0.249420166015625,
-0.156047061085701,
0.1142614334821701,
-0.1430206298828125,
-0.33153074979782104,
-0.084716796875,
0.48347169160842896,
0.15292969346046448,
0.4013671875,
0.17811889946460724,
-0.33460694551467896,
0.42107468843460083,
0.03950519487261772,
0.160552978515625,
0.19025573134422302,
0.4742431640625,
-0.05580921098589897,
0.14922714233398438,
-0.21528320014476776,
0.41845703125,
0.0033292770385742188,
0.11768169701099396,
0.10601730644702911,
0.01593322679400444,
0.2811035215854645,
0.038678549230098724,
0.17540283501148224,
-0.02758331224322319,
0.527661144733429,
0.30402833223342896,
-0.26604002714157104,
-0.20514526963233948,
-0.17866210639476776
] |
2033
|
When was Wimbledon Football Club formed?
|
[
{
"docid": "29696528#0",
"text": "Wimbledon Football Club relocated to Milton Keynes in September 2003, 16 months after receiving permission to do so from the Football Association on the basis of a two-to-one decision in favour by an FA-appointed independent commission. The move took the team from south London, where it had been based since its foundation in 1889, to Milton Keynes, a new town in Buckinghamshire, about to the northwest of the club's traditional home district Wimbledon. Hugely controversial, the move's authorisation prompted disaffected Wimbledon supporters to form AFC Wimbledon, a new club, in June 2002. The relocated team played home matches in Milton Keynes under the Wimbledon name from September 2003 until June 2004, when following the end of the 2003–04 season it renamed itself Milton Keynes Dons F.C. (MK Dons).",
"title": "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes"
},
{
"docid": "29696528#53",
"text": "The location of the history and legacy of Wimbledon F.C., as well as the honours won by the club, was disputed for four years after the independent commission's approval of the move on 28 May 2002. In the view of AFC Wimbledon and that club's supporters, the \"identity of a football club is implicitly bound up in its community\". The club regards itself as Wimbledon F.C.'s spiritual continuation to this day, holding that the community maintaining and backing AFC Wimbledon is the same one which originally formed Wimbledon Old Centrals (later Wimbledon F.C.) in 1889, \"and kept Wimbledon Football Club alive until May 2002\".",
"title": "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes"
},
{
"docid": "740757#3",
"text": "Wimbledon Old Central Football Club were formed in 1889, taking its name from the Old Central School on Wimbledon Common where players had been pupils. The club's first match was a 1–0 victory over Westminster, and it only took seven years for success to come to Wimbledon as the club won both the Clapham League and the Herald League in 1895–96. Wimbledon won the Clapham League again in 1900–01, as well as two minor trophies. A meeting was convened on 1 May 1905, and the decision was taken to drop \"Old Central\" from the club's name – the club became Wimbledon Football Club, and under its new name the club won the South London Charity Cup the same year – however, excessive debts caused the club to fold in 1910. The club was restarted a year later under the name Wimbledon Borough, though \"Borough\" was dropped from the team's name after barely a year. The club continued to play on Wimbledon Common and at various other locations in the Wimbledon area until 1912, when the side settled at Plough Lane. Wimbledon joined the Athenian League for 1919–20, and in the second season in its new division finished as runners-up. The club then joined the Isthmian League. Winning four Isthmian League titles during the 1930s, and reaching the FA Amateur Cup final in 1934–35, Wimbledon began to prosper. The club reached another FA Amateur Cup final in 1946–47, and finished as runners-up in the league twice over the next few seasons.\nWimbledon won the Isthmian League for the fifth time in 1958–59 before starting a period of domination that saw three successive championships – 1961–62, 1962–63 and 1963–64. Wimbledon also lifted the FA Amateur Cup in 1962–63, beating Sutton United 4–2: the club's all-time top goalscorer, Eddie Reynolds, scored all four Wimbledon goals with his head, and in doing so became the only player to have headed in all four of his side's goals in a Wembley match – as of 2012, still a unique feat. Following these successes the decision was taken to turn professional for the 1964–65 season and to enter the Southern League. Wimbledon had continued success in their new league, finishing as runners-up at the first attempt. Wimbledon became nationally famous during an FA Cup run during the 1974–75 season: entering the competition at the first qualifying round, Wimbledon saw off first Bracknell Town, then Maidenhead United, Wokingham Town, Guildford & Dorking United, Bath City and Kettering Town to find themselves in the third round proper. They then became the first non-League team that century to beat a First Division side away from home by defeating Burnley at Turf Moor. In the fourth round the good form continued, as the team held the reigning First Division champions Leeds United to a 0–0 draw at Elland Road. Goalkeeper Dickie Guy saved a penalty from Peter Lorimer to earn a replay, which was narrowly lost 1–0 by an own goal in front of over 40,000 spectators at Selhurst Park. After winning the Southern League three times running from 1974–75 to 1976–77, Wimbledon were elected to The Football League in place of Workington for the 1977–78 season.",
"title": "Wimbledon F.C."
},
{
"docid": "24977302#0",
"text": "Wimbledon Football Club was an English football club from Wimbledon, south-west London, amateur from 1889 to 1964 and professional thereafter. Founded in 1889 as Wimbledon Old Central Football Club, an amateur club playing in local league competitions, the club shortened its name to \"Wimbledon\" in 1905, entered the FA Amateur Cup for the first time in 1905–06 and joined the Spartan League in 1909. After going out of business a year later, Wimbledon immediately reformed and returned to local leagues in 1912, where the team stayed until the 1919–20 season when the club joined the Athenian League. Moving to the Isthmian League in 1921, Wimbledon won four league championships in six years during the 1930s and reached the FA Amateur Cup Final in 1935 before losing to Bishop Auckland after a replay. The club continued to be successful following the Second World War, again reaching the Amateur Cup Final in 1947 and finishing as runners-up in the Isthmian League in 1950 and 1952. After claiming a fourth Isthmian League crown in 1959, Wimbledon then took three successive championships from 1962 to 1964, as well as the 1963 FA Amateur Cup.",
"title": "List of Wimbledon F.C. seasons"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "740757#0",
"text": "Wimbledon Football Club was an English football club formed in Wimbledon, south-west London, in 1889 and based at Plough Lane from 1912 to 1991. Founded as Wimbledon Old Centrals, the club were a non-League team for most of their history. Nicknamed \"the Dons\" and latterly \"the Wombles\", they won eight Isthmian League titles, the FA Amateur Cup in 1963 and three successive Southern League championships between 1975 and 1977, and were then elected to the Football League. The team rose quickly from obscurity during the 1980s and were promoted to the then top-flight First Division in 1986, just four seasons after being in the Fourth Division.",
"title": "Wimbledon F.C."
},
{
"docid": "740757#2",
"text": "In 2001, after rejecting a variety of possible local sites and others further afield, the club announced its intention to move north to Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire. The idea of Wimbledon leaving south London was deeply unpopular both with the bulk of the club's established fanbase and football supporters generally, but an independent commission appointed by the Football Association granted permission in May 2002. A group of supporters responded by forming a new club, AFC Wimbledon, to which the large majority of Wimbledon fans switched allegiance. Wimbledon F.C. played their first match in Milton Keynes in 2003 and changed their name to Milton Keynes Dons in 2004.",
"title": "Wimbledon F.C."
},
{
"docid": "23080176#0",
"text": "AFC Wimbledon is an English professional association football club, currently based in Kingston upon Thames, Greater London. The club was formed on 30 May 2002 by supporters of Wimbledon Football Club, led by Kris Stewart, Marc Jones and Trevor Williams who strongly opposed the decision of an independent commission appointed by The Football Association to allow the relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes, to be subsequently renamed as Milton Keynes Dons.",
"title": "List of AFC Wimbledon seasons"
},
{
"docid": "43606733#0",
"text": "AFC Wimbledon is an English professional association football club, based in Kingston upon Thames, Greater London. The club was formed on 30 May 2002 by a group of supporters of Wimbledon Football Club, led by Kris Stewart, Marc Jones and Trevor Williams who strongly opposed the decision of an independent commission appointed by the FA to allow the relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes, who were subsequently reformed as Milton Keynes Dons in 2004.",
"title": "AFC Wimbledon league record by opponent"
},
{
"docid": "94392#49",
"text": "As soon as The Football Association approved this move in May 2002, former Wimbledon F.C. supporters founded their own replacement club, the semi-professional AFC Wimbledon, and the club's support overwhelmingly shifted to the new team, who in their second and third seasons of existence earned successive promotions to the First then Premier Divisions of the Isthmian League. The club also won the Combined Counties League Premier Challenge Cup in 2004 and the Surrey Senior Cup in 2005 to complete consecutive league and cup doubles, in one of which finishing the season unbeaten in the league. Another great achievement by the Wimbledon Independent Supporters Association (WISA) saw the return of the Patrimony of Wimbledon F.C. in 2007 to the care of Merton Council There is now a permanent display in Morden Library. In 2008 and 2009, AFC Wimbledon earned two more promotions, via the Conference South into the Conference Premier. On 21 May 2011, promotion to the football league was achieved when AFC Wimbledon won their Conference Premier play-off against Luton Town on penalty kicks (after a goalless draw and extra time) at City of Manchester Stadium This put Wimbledon back into English Football League, a remarkable achievement in such a short time. AFC Wimbledon were promoted again to League One now in the division above the franchise club in Milton Keynes (formerly Wimbledon F.C.).",
"title": "Wimbledon, London"
},
{
"docid": "29696528#8",
"text": "At the end of the 1978–79 season, 20 leading non-League clubs left the Southern League and the Northern Premier League to form the Alliance Premier League. This national non-League division started in the 1979–80 season; it was called the Football Conference from 1986 to 2015, when it became the National League. Since the 1986–87 season, the champions of this league have received promotion to the Football League, with the League's bottom club being relegated in exchange. This was expanded to the Conference champions and the winners of a promotion play-off before the 2002–03 season, with the worst two Football League clubs being relegated. The situation of the Football League \"closed shop\", which for nearly a century effectively barred most non-League clubs from accession, therefore no longer exists. Any club in the English football pyramid (which also includes some clubs from Wales) can potentially win enough promotions to reach the Football League or the Premier League, the separate top division formed in 1992.",
"title": "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes"
}
] |
[
0.2829183042049408,
-0.2227444052696228,
-0.3124593198299408,
0.2451239675283432,
-0.2832709550857544,
-0.02918158657848835,
0.2604844868183136,
-0.2737257182598114,
0.0200941301882267,
-0.0075018140487372875,
-0.2896592915058136,
0.0035230848006904125,
-0.4667426347732544,
0.2138553261756897,
-0.3032497763633728,
0.3179728090763092,
0.5492621660232544,
-0.06295183300971985,
-0.1932440847158432,
-0.02285088412463665,
0.3494466245174408,
0.4987250566482544,
-0.2068752646446228,
0.12175411731004715,
0.033135730773210526,
0.00029330782126635313,
-0.1680230051279068,
0.402099609375,
0.3387044370174408,
-0.02728949673473835,
0.2344835102558136,
-0.061272963881492615,
-0.0335269495844841,
0.7635090947151184,
-0.3248358964920044,
0.2355295866727829,
0.1766137033700943,
-0.3912353515625,
-0.3828125,
0.3597547709941864,
0.0638546422123909,
0.08810467272996902,
0.9175347089767456,
0.2038981169462204,
0.3437209725379944,
0.1469743549823761,
0.3780110776424408,
0.3612196147441864,
-0.3689303994178772,
-0.12466642260551453,
-0.2752007246017456,
-0.2900526225566864,
-0.0487263984978199,
-0.1709102988243103,
-0.5751410722732544,
0.1332736611366272,
0.1375732421875,
0.3822428286075592,
0.022637685760855675,
0.34686279296875,
0.2682834267616272,
-0.0477362722158432,
0.2061360627412796,
0.124542236328125,
-0.02089436911046505,
0.2153252512216568,
-0.1065809428691864,
0.10615221410989761,
0.1659071147441864,
0.03333282470703125,
0.1022508442401886,
0.4601101279258728,
0.6776801347732544,
0.2038438618183136,
-0.0807732492685318,
-0.3605685830116272,
0.1922115683555603,
0.1653306782245636,
0.0508083775639534,
-0.4225803017616272,
0.6534559726715088,
-0.47509765625,
-0.1937696635723114,
0.6213650107383728,
-0.0020362006034702063,
0.4088541567325592,
0.1107533797621727,
0.2816331684589386,
0.4935302734375,
0.5583224892616272,
-0.3260904848575592,
-0.0135506521910429,
0.008183796890079975,
-0.3097330629825592,
0.0576307512819767,
0.2375556081533432,
-0.0316721610724926,
0.15882958471775055,
0.1052161306142807,
0.0195897426456213,
-0.1237233504652977,
-0.1504109650850296,
0.1639133095741272,
0.5866970419883728,
0.3535834550857544,
-0.3301052451133728,
-0.3618503212928772,
-0.11180811375379562,
0.2565782368183136,
0.3359239399433136,
0.3622640073299408,
0.0035332574043422937,
0.2347446084022522,
-0.22415246069431305,
0.385498046875,
0.2193196564912796,
0.5131649374961853,
-0.1417168527841568,
-0.4630262553691864,
-0.8831380009651184,
0.6274956464767456,
0.1360880583524704,
-0.1675550639629364,
-0.2172376811504364,
-0.5548502802848816,
-0.06732495874166489,
0.4937879741191864,
0.4488118588924408,
0.6131184697151184,
0.4992404580116272,
0.0684678852558136,
0.4819064736366272,
0.0920240581035614,
0.6892903447151184,
0.06414879858493805,
0.2520684003829956,
0.22027587890625,
0.0901896134018898,
0.0637495219707489,
0.0174119733273983,
-0.6256781816482544,
-0.4212985634803772,
-0.1634284108877182,
0.6207817792892456,
0.0371839739382267,
0.4053548276424408,
0.08241187036037445,
0.1108534038066864,
-0.070220947265625,
0.0013207329902797937,
0.443219929933548,
0.4397718608379364,
-0.2403835654258728,
0.3297254741191864,
0.4692925214767456,
0.09161376953125,
0.3316921591758728,
0.1909111887216568,
0.09778966009616852,
-0.09368896484375,
0.79248046875,
0.2648518979549408,
0.4326714277267456,
0.0583038330078125,
0.4923231303691864,
0.0313669852912426,
-0.0471649169921875,
0.1432512104511261,
0.4017198383808136,
0.0736643448472023,
-0.253662109375,
0.2744344174861908,
-0.03037516213953495,
-0.2467583566904068,
-0.061248779296875,
0.3205024003982544,
-0.2454105019569397,
0.012661827728152275,
0.0876108780503273,
-0.2000529021024704,
-0.0833231583237648,
0.1378648579120636,
0.0339898020029068,
0.2029011994600296,
0.5369737148284912,
0.1927625834941864,
-0.0494316965341568,
-0.1061147078871727,
-0.1850246787071228,
0.1323021799325943,
-0.1054958924651146,
-0.0907389298081398,
0.5182902216911316,
0.0031568738631904125,
0.15612877905368805,
0.4626600444316864,
0.2442220002412796,
0.4578721821308136,
0.0127851702272892,
0.5977647304534912,
0.10007381439208984,
0.2859293520450592,
-0.3594292402267456,
0.2474229633808136,
0.2700670063495636,
-0.2821316123008728,
-0.4291178286075592,
0.24334716796875,
-0.3032768964767456,
0.14555782079696655,
0.03514014184474945,
0.2542724609375,
0.3773261308670044,
-0.01184675469994545,
0.04751855880022049,
0.3339979350566864,
-0.2403632253408432,
-0.1472846120595932,
0.4012722373008728,
0.4387749433517456,
-0.2540418803691864,
0.3855794370174408,
-0.1118028461933136,
-0.051519181579351425,
0.2268337607383728,
-0.5247395634651184,
-0.0608571358025074,
-0.5519748330116272,
0.11724853515625,
0.3626302182674408,
0.05907101184129715,
-0.15949948132038116,
0.1939019113779068,
0.051055908203125,
0.1673346608877182,
0.2518056333065033,
0.01786295510828495,
-0.0481465645134449,
0.0447642020881176,
0.1594950407743454,
0.2529975175857544,
0.14247077703475952,
-0.4540473222732544,
0.1588270366191864,
0.1074083149433136,
-0.2935791015625,
0.1532863974571228,
-0.2037421315908432,
-0.2540690004825592,
-0.3210991621017456,
0.0242156982421875,
-0.359130859375,
-0.046477001160383224,
0.14378611743450165,
-0.002421909011900425,
0.3661838173866272,
0.1908162385225296,
0.1031765416264534,
-0.2470787912607193,
0.2971733808517456,
0.1492173969745636,
0.2116156667470932,
0.2964816689491272,
0.3025580644607544,
-0.0326588936150074,
-0.2706502377986908,
0.0697123184800148,
0.4209119975566864,
0.0400611013174057,
0.2562306821346283,
0.5569118857383728,
-0.4327528178691864,
-0.011777096427977085,
0.0676133930683136,
-0.2564968466758728,
0.0667833760380745,
-0.016886182129383087,
0.3354763388633728,
-0.3253580629825592,
0.1741129606962204,
0.4742296040058136,
-0.2029825896024704,
-0.1049567312002182,
0.2121853232383728,
-0.12325075268745422,
0.02237362414598465,
-0.1814708709716797,
-0.2332661896944046,
-0.1753200888633728,
-0.1210225448012352,
-0.2077670693397522,
0.4315049946308136,
-0.11034849286079407,
-0.02605152130126953,
-0.2028333842754364,
0.2480502724647522,
0.0969373881816864,
-0.3132527768611908,
-0.2057088166475296,
-0.3052300214767456,
0.5108778476715088,
-0.7140299677848816,
0.1496853232383728,
0.2561136782169342,
0.18597412109375,
-0.3508843183517456,
-0.3095160722732544,
-0.2191297709941864,
-0.10939068347215652,
0.3704020082950592,
0.7632920742034912,
-0.6815863847732544,
0.014307234436273575,
0.6610243320465088,
0.2875840961933136,
0.5249837040901184,
0.2863091230392456,
0.1077813059091568,
0.20805273950099945,
0.4698893129825592,
-0.0948045551776886,
-0.4443088173866272,
-0.46240234375,
-0.1368001252412796,
0.1538628488779068,
-0.2027180939912796,
0.16269339621067047,
-0.1354997456073761,
0.2608167827129364,
0.2246229350566864,
0.6087510585784912,
0.2227512001991272,
-0.1622280478477478,
-0.1220940500497818,
-0.1782294362783432,
0.1500718891620636,
-0.2221476286649704,
0.6786838173866272,
0.4634874165058136,
0.312853068113327,
-0.1515468955039978,
-0.2349717915058136,
-0.0383165143430233,
0.3590766191482544,
-0.4599066972732544,
0.2053290456533432,
-0.2813313901424408,
0.4067518413066864,
0.3125813901424408,
0.08829837292432785,
-0.2450697124004364,
0.169342041015625,
-0.0026914807967841625,
-0.1949191689491272,
0.5619845986366272,
-0.0567660853266716,
0.6701931357383728,
0.1393025666475296,
0.4304741621017456,
-0.2754041850566864,
0.24542236328125,
0.3321262001991272,
-0.18044111132621765,
-0.0918375626206398,
0.4426811933517456,
-0.1448940634727478,
-0.3413764238357544,
-0.2184583842754364,
-0.1100904643535614,
0.3403049111366272,
-0.066497802734375,
-0.214508056640625,
-0.0095960833132267,
0.3970811665058136,
-0.2616509199142456,
-0.2123277485370636,
-0.1113162562251091,
0.7565375566482544,
0.439453125,
0.3142903745174408,
0.1991034597158432,
0.46142578125,
0.4732530415058136,
-0.1061113178730011,
0.022789426147937775,
-0.1955905556678772,
0.01864200085401535,
0.15949715673923492,
0.11710993200540543,
0.1680704802274704,
0.2912021279335022,
-0.1781955361366272,
-0.0305913295596838,
-0.4769965410232544,
-0.0711483433842659,
-0.2757703959941864,
-0.0037812127266079187,
0.3868815004825592,
0.0456814244389534,
0.025568537414073944,
-0.0052969190292060375,
0.6563584804534912,
0.6411675214767456,
0.3556586503982544,
4.102213382720947,
0.1396280974149704,
-0.07569503784179688,
-0.1964653879404068,
-0.1439921110868454,
0.2619222104549408,
0.1688130646944046,
-0.3574083149433136,
0.0532769113779068,
-0.0379791259765625,
0.02471330389380455,
0.0356530100107193,
-0.1069793701171875,
-0.1394059956073761,
-0.0662248432636261,
0.1539306640625,
0.3912760317325592,
0.4385850727558136,
-0.17103491723537445,
0.4358724057674408,
-0.3846028745174408,
0.2943386435508728,
0.0411563441157341,
0.3392469584941864,
0.39404296875,
0.0217615757137537,
0.3924696147441864,
0.1967010498046875,
0.4941948652267456,
0.0773857980966568,
0.1799248605966568,
-0.4552137553691864,
0.3435329794883728,
0.3901909589767456,
-0.6857096552848816,
0.2471347451210022,
0.3109402060508728,
0.03995683416724205,
0.0508948415517807,
-0.1807047575712204,
0.06799623370170593,
-0.2390543669462204,
0.8757053017616272,
0.5115017294883728,
-0.0688256174325943,
-0.1815151572227478,
-0.4268663227558136,
0.4952256977558136,
0.039118871092796326,
0.1924947053194046,
0.6097548007965088,
-0.06410641223192215,
-0.0390641950070858,
-0.0923936665058136,
0.3940972089767456,
0.38916015625,
0.1547817587852478,
0.2135280966758728,
-0.2434455007314682,
-0.2386474609375,
0.6164008378982544,
0.06714015454053879,
-0.3337673544883728,
-0.1728719025850296,
0.0620320625603199,
-0.2022976279258728,
0.089752197265625,
0.1342553049325943,
-0.034325916320085526,
0.0688442662358284,
0.3434787392616272,
0.2663031816482544,
0.015246921218931675,
-0.4335395097732544,
0.018507428467273712,
-0.5763075351715088,
0.1461724191904068,
0.1206088587641716,
0.1843668669462204,
0.1370408833026886,
0.1077406108379364,
-0.3370225727558136,
0.1571316123008728,
0.4402126669883728,
-0.0662401020526886,
0.7224392294883728,
-0.0548570416867733,
-0.3925510048866272,
0.2118733674287796,
0.1234690323472023,
0.3110080361366272,
0.2208387553691864,
0.04010009765625,
0.0991346538066864,
0.6749674677848816,
0.4447157084941864,
-0.3594563901424408,
-4.019748210906982,
-0.0351545549929142,
0.3198648989200592,
-0.1437852680683136,
-0.0797848179936409,
-0.0465443916618824,
-0.07548734545707703,
0.2526380717754364,
-0.2969292402267456,
0.1345147043466568,
-0.0818888321518898,
-0.0336693674325943,
-0.2053629606962204,
0.4808756411075592,
0.038055419921875,
0.2808023989200592,
0.2969495952129364,
0.1323971152305603,
0.466796875,
-0.0958624929189682,
0.11460675299167633,
0.0146162249147892,
0.1405300498008728,
-0.011094093322753906,
0.3957655131816864,
0.10523414611816406,
0.1573282927274704,
-0.1612040251493454,
-0.1697506308555603,
0.05173428729176521,
-0.3072984516620636,
0.4437120258808136,
0.3390434980392456,
-0.2105034738779068,
0.11370298266410828,
0.4443088173866272,
0.3280368447303772,
0.1473931223154068,
0.1344129741191864,
0.2323167622089386,
-0.1104058176279068,
-0.1404842734336853,
0.048525914549827576,
-0.009065628051757812,
-0.051769256591796875,
0.0963270366191864,
-0.0671047642827034,
0.007489310577511787,
-0.3780924379825592,
0.1085035502910614,
0.4623209536075592,
0.04910077154636383,
-0.5145399570465088,
-0.1821967214345932,
0.5067002773284912,
0.1908298134803772,
0.4568142294883728,
0.3645290732383728,
0.3082953691482544,
0.3661295473575592,
-0.3326958417892456,
0.1488884836435318,
0.3324924111366272,
0.4800889790058136,
0.1813778281211853,
-0.3412882387638092,
0.3051622211933136,
0.4505344033241272,
0.2711452841758728,
-0.3143463134765625,
0.08184814453125,
0.1591627299785614,
0.2917887270450592,
-0.10569021105766296,
0.3199056088924408,
-0.04350535199046135,
0.09911007434129715,
-0.0197940394282341,
0.4319118857383728,
-0.06772952526807785,
-0.3501654863357544,
0.3096381425857544,
-0.2812228798866272,
0.3992377519607544,
2.4114582538604736,
0.2865532636642456,
2.1389973163604736,
0.040008544921875,
0.1408148854970932,
0.3768988847732544,
-0.07811737060546875,
-0.0757564976811409,
0.22368791699409485,
0.03500895947217941,
0.3504367470741272,
0.2729661762714386,
-0.0523325614631176,
0.3987494707107544,
-0.2848985493183136,
-0.2527940571308136,
0.3886176347732544,
-1.27001953125,
0.0669504776597023,
0.05975659564137459,
0.1659715473651886,
-0.2478162944316864,
-0.2097507119178772,
0.2996147871017456,
0.0290188267827034,
-0.095550537109375,
-0.3229438066482544,
0.1805284321308136,
0.00914679653942585,
-0.5108778476715088,
-0.0966627299785614,
-0.1266496479511261,
0.2459716796875,
0.1671617329120636,
0.2856716513633728,
0.4775119423866272,
-0.1767815500497818,
4.69444465637207,
0.1351318359375,
0.02404106967151165,
0.2859157919883728,
0.0003958808083552867,
0.1428087055683136,
0.2835693359375,
-0.1927829384803772,
0.1695760041475296,
-0.1606580913066864,
0.4139539897441864,
0.5469021201133728,
-0.3685573935508728,
-0.0606689453125,
0.4609917402267456,
0.02338155172765255,
0.1176215261220932,
-0.027861542999744415,
0.05406104028224945,
-0.1388414204120636,
0.2183498740196228,
0.04706064984202385,
-0.1802435964345932,
-0.16204833984375,
0.1589084267616272,
0.1310628205537796,
0.1799791157245636,
-0.050590939819812775,
-0.12372340261936188,
0.192626953125,
0.1621670126914978,
5.470486164093018,
0.45068359375,
-0.03564453125,
-0.0297088623046875,
0.2418755441904068,
0.3037516176700592,
-0.09235581010580063,
0.0176374651491642,
-0.1255594938993454,
-0.08839670568704605,
-0.4264865517616272,
0.2096218466758728,
-0.1570705771446228,
0.3129068911075592,
0.2854817807674408,
0.3227945864200592,
-0.0934007465839386,
0.2560085654258728,
0.4269748330116272,
-0.2664659321308136,
0.5395371913909912,
-0.2639566957950592,
0.4714897871017456,
-0.6196017861366272,
-0.1894395649433136,
0.4783528745174408,
-0.0698191300034523,
0.44488525390625,
0.1038648784160614,
0.0790235698223114,
0.4880642294883728,
-0.1259528249502182,
0.2686375379562378,
-0.0347459577023983,
-0.0284762904047966,
0.1746893972158432,
0.3715277910232544,
-0.024774763733148575,
0.09706030786037445,
-0.02069091796875,
0.28076171875,
0.4241536557674408,
-0.0236680768430233,
-0.02336629293859005,
-0.2042914479970932,
-0.3849826455116272,
-0.1607530415058136,
-0.3455539345741272,
0.1772867888212204,
0.008570353500545025,
0.1223687082529068,
-0.4335123598575592,
0.9967990517616272,
0.4166496992111206,
0.3212076723575592,
0.020893944427371025,
-0.1980862021446228,
0.07304361462593079,
-0.0396050363779068,
-0.1643947958946228,
0.4449327290058136,
0.1004045307636261,
-0.1922810822725296,
0.43798828125,
0.1895497590303421,
0.4059516191482544,
0.3999430239200592,
0.0938737690448761,
0.3148193359375,
-0.0964253768324852,
0.1511501669883728,
0.4339192807674408,
-0.03098381869494915,
-0.0424160435795784,
0.0161268450319767,
-0.1809319406747818,
0.4209798276424408,
0.03497314453125,
0.21739959716796875,
0.3375650942325592,
-0.1474202424287796,
-0.3708767294883728,
-0.2752549946308136,
-0.3028971254825592,
0.2337070107460022,
-0.02381303533911705,
0.0294511578977108,
0.1918707937002182,
0.4014214277267456,
-0.1077779158949852,
0.1988457590341568,
0.0762363001704216,
-0.4493001401424408,
0.5126953125,
0.5820583701133728,
0.1184760183095932,
0.3142530620098114,
0.3700629472732544,
-0.2952541708946228,
-0.134521484375,
0.01821136474609375,
0.1735161691904068,
0.2221408486366272,
0.1354709267616272,
0.28564453125,
0.007048500701785088,
-0.0041234758682549,
0.1369832307100296,
0.3356391191482544,
0.1403859406709671,
0.4456922709941864,
0.2485758513212204,
-0.0803409144282341,
-0.2142808735370636,
-0.3190782368183136
] |
2034
|
What is a qubit?
|
[
{
"docid": "977983#0",
"text": "In quantum computing, a charge qubit is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (e.g. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island). In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island (also known as a Cooper-pair box) coupled by a Josephson junction to a superconducting reservoir (see figure). The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs which have tunneled across the junction. In contrast with the charge state of an atomic or molecular ion, the charge states of such an \"island\" involve a macroscopic number of conduction electrons of the island. The quantum superposition of charge states can be achieved by tuning the gate voltage U that controls the chemical potential of the island. The charge qubit is typically read-out by electrostatically coupling the island to an extremely sensitive electrometer such as the radio-frequency single-electron transistor.",
"title": "Charge qubit"
},
{
"docid": "25284#0",
"text": "In quantum computing, a qubit () or quantum bit (sometimes qbit) is the basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classical binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include: the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two states can be taken to be the vertical polarization and the horizontal polarization. In a classical system, a bit would have to be in one state or the other. However, quantum mechanics allows the qubit to be in a coherent superposition of both states/levels simultaneously, a property which is fundamental to quantum mechanics and quantum computing.",
"title": "Qubit"
},
{
"docid": "58513641#0",
"text": "In quantum computing, a qubit is a unit of information analogous to a bit (binary digit) in classical computing, but it is affected by quantum mechanical properties such as superposition and entanglement which allow qubits to be in some ways more powerful than classical bits for some tasks. Qubits are used in quantum circuits and quantum algorithms composed of quantum logic gates to solve computational problems, where they are used for input/output and intermediate computations.",
"title": "Physical and logical qubits"
},
{
"docid": "36378090#12",
"text": "A qubit (or quantum bit) is a unit of information that can be in a superposition of two states, denoted as formula_1 and formula_2. The general superposition can be written as formula_3where formula_4 and formula_5. If one measures the state of the qubit in the orthonormal basis composed of formula_1 and formula_2, one gets the result formula_1 with probability formula_9 and the result formula_2 with probability formula_11.",
"title": "Algorithmic cooling"
},
{
"docid": "20914512#29",
"text": "In a quantum computer, the fundamental unit of information (called a quantum bit or qubit), is not binary but rather more quaternary in nature. This qubit property arises as a direct consequence of its adherence to the laws of quantum mechanics, which differ radically from the laws of classical physics. A qubit can exist not only in a state corresponding to the logical state 0 or 1 as in a classical bit, but also in states corresponding to a blend or quantum superposition of these classical states. In other words, a qubit can exist as a zero, a one, or simultaneously as both 0 and 1, with a numerical coefficient representing the probability for each state. A quantum computer manipulates qubits by executing a series of quantum gates, each a unitary transformation acting on a single qubit or pair of qubits. In applying these gates in succession, a quantum computer can perform a complicated unitary transformation to a set of qubits in some initial state.",
"title": "Lateral computing"
},
{
"docid": "2057385#7",
"text": "'QUBIT' is the annual technical fest of the Department of Computer Science. It is a prestigious technological event in the state with papers presented from all over the country. It has risen beyond its technical reach and incorporated cultural aspects with the introduction of Lan-Gaming, Treasure Hunts, Fun Stalls etc. giving it an all round reach. It is organised during the month of March right from the year of its inception without fail. It is a technical symposium for young minds and meeting ground for tech-enthusiasts from around the country.",
"title": "Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "25284#7",
"text": "In a paper entitled: \"Solid-state quantum memory using the P nuclear spin\", published in the October 23, 2008 issue of the journal \"Nature\", a team of scientists from the U.K. and U.S. reported the first relatively long (1.75 seconds) and coherent transfer of a superposition state in an electron spin \"processing\" qubit to a nuclear spin \"memory\" qubit. This event can be considered the first relatively consistent quantum data storage, a vital step towards the development of quantum computing. Recently, a modification of similar systems (using charged rather than neutral donors) has dramatically extended this time, to 3 hours at very low temperatures and 39 minutes at room temperature. Room temperature preparation of a qubit based on electron spins instead of nuclear spin was also demonstrated by a team of scientists from Switzerland and Australia.",
"title": "Qubit"
},
{
"docid": "50111809#5",
"text": "Most models of quantum computation require the use of qubits for computation. Some models use qubits and in this case the first statement is logically extended. Quantum mechanically a qubit is defined as 2 level system with some energy gap. This can sometimes be difficult to implement physically and so we can focus on a particular transition of atomic levels, etc. Whatever the system we choose, we require that the system remain (almost) always in the subspace of these two levels and in doing so we can say it is a well characterised qubit. An example of a system that is not well characterised would be 2 one-electron quantum dots (potential wells where we only allow for single electron occupations). The electron being in one well or the other is properly characterised as a single qubit, however if we consider a state such as formula_1 then this would correspond to a two qubit state. Such a state is not physically allowed (we only permit single electron occupation) and so we cannot say that we have 2 well characterised qubits.",
"title": "DiVincenzo's criteria"
},
{
"docid": "44433870#3",
"text": "In quantum information Qubits are the equivalent to bits in classical systems. A qubit is a property that when measured only can be found to be in one of two states, that is used to transmit information. The polarization of a photon or the nuclear spin are examples of two state systems that can be used as qubits.",
"title": "Quantum complex network"
},
{
"docid": "5260042#0",
"text": "In quantum computing, and more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal interrupted by a number of Josephson junctions, functioning as quantum bits. The junction parameters are engineered during fabrication so that a persistent current will flow continuously when an external magnetic flux is applied. As only an integer number of flux quanta are allowed to penetrate the superconducting ring, clockwise or counter-clockwise currents are developed in the loop to compensate (screen or enhance) a non-integer external flux bias. When the applied flux through the loop area is close to a half integer number of flux quanta, the two lowest energy eigenstates of the loop will be a quantum superposition of the clockwise and counter-clockwise currents. The two lowest energy eigenstates differ only by the relative quantum phase between the composing current-direction states. Higher energy eigenstates correspond to much larger persistent currents, that induce an additional flux quantum to the qubit loop, thus are well separated energetically from the lowest two eigenstates. This separation, known as the \"qubit non linearity\" criteria, allows operations with the two lowest eigenstates only, effectively creating a two level system. Usually, the two lowest eigenstates will serve as the computational basis for the logical qubit.",
"title": "Flux qubit"
}
] |
[
0.1598968505859375,
0.250518798828125,
-0.21136093139648438,
0.31475830078125,
0.03433370590209961,
-0.25977325439453125,
0.483551025390625,
-0.355621337890625,
-0.037395477294921875,
0.109375,
-0.27812767028808594,
0.2535400390625,
-0.2497711181640625,
-0.12482643127441406,
-0.6285400390625,
-0.13516998291015625,
0.483184814453125,
0.07053089141845703,
-0.3242645263671875,
0.19058990478515625,
0.10618019104003906,
0.52899169921875,
-0.1790771484375,
0.029562950134277344,
0.06317758560180664,
-0.021751999855041504,
-0.17724609375,
0.2673492431640625,
0.05751991271972656,
0.20635223388671875,
0.17753219604492188,
-0.1992340087890625,
0.2050323486328125,
0.60565185546875,
-0.415069580078125,
0.14380645751953125,
0.189971923828125,
0.0765695571899414,
-0.03707528114318848,
0.010297775268554688,
-0.20033645629882812,
-0.00301361083984375,
0.2381439208984375,
-0.2092437744140625,
0.07834625244140625,
-0.14365386962890625,
0.13343429565429688,
0.3090972900390625,
-0.038787841796875,
0.102996826171875,
-0.1124114990234375,
-0.004638671875,
-0.1703643798828125,
-0.18985748291015625,
-0.10594844818115234,
-0.0267791748046875,
0.14797019958496094,
0.7525634765625,
-0.407745361328125,
0.05605146288871765,
0.14545440673828125,
-0.10968399047851562,
-0.10980415344238281,
0.06559371948242188,
0.18189239501953125,
0.3168182373046875,
-0.046665191650390625,
0.275360107421875,
0.2156219482421875,
0.330352783203125,
0.11071395874023438,
0.473297119140625,
0.32891845703125,
0.06673812866210938,
0.029892444610595703,
-0.035736083984375,
0.3187408447265625,
0.203399658203125,
0.17333984375,
-0.2200927734375,
0.348052978515625,
-0.025161266326904297,
-0.18343353271484375,
0.444183349609375,
-0.248321533203125,
0.58087158203125,
-0.1377105712890625,
0.422149658203125,
-0.01751422882080078,
0.50634765625,
-0.413055419921875,
-0.04722404479980469,
-0.14514923095703125,
-0.09516382217407227,
-0.02819061279296875,
0.04685678333044052,
0.1401824951171875,
-0.4935302734375,
0.004778861999511719,
-0.203826904296875,
0.01791214942932129,
-0.27276611328125,
-0.16115856170654297,
0.28610992431640625,
0.2505950927734375,
-0.3033905029296875,
-0.08700680732727051,
-0.1099853515625,
0.478546142578125,
0.2320404052734375,
-0.010350227355957031,
-0.15971946716308594,
0.11223649978637695,
-0.0013952255249023438,
0.12733078002929688,
0.07115721702575684,
0.1493072509765625,
-0.2297515869140625,
-0.18895339965820312,
-0.7939453125,
0.2732696533203125,
0.2335052490234375,
-0.3036956787109375,
0.038600921630859375,
0.0033016204833984375,
-0.10444259643554688,
0.47686767578125,
-0.03159809112548828,
0.66876220703125,
0.3876953125,
0.059038639068603516,
0.2087554931640625,
0.402740478515625,
0.411041259765625,
-0.001312255859375,
-0.06633758544921875,
0.1656646728515625,
0.07302093505859375,
0.15069198608398438,
-0.421783447265625,
-0.182464599609375,
0.2440643310546875,
0.05522775650024414,
0.43316650390625,
-0.05540060997009277,
0.348907470703125,
-0.02799367904663086,
0.354705810546875,
0.15139007568359375,
0.2117156982421875,
0.22515487670898438,
0.378509521484375,
-0.1692352294921875,
0.3463134765625,
0.2437124252319336,
0.13203048706054688,
0.4920654296875,
0.1290435791015625,
0.220733642578125,
0.147857666015625,
0.78741455078125,
0.23974609375,
0.3609161376953125,
0.133392333984375,
0.1039581298828125,
-0.12493610382080078,
-0.14347076416015625,
0.276885986328125,
0.5377197265625,
-0.09557723999023438,
-0.2763824462890625,
0.06199169158935547,
0.2455291748046875,
-0.278533935546875,
0.20075225830078125,
0.02703094482421875,
-0.2143707275390625,
0.19748687744140625,
0.16753768920898438,
-0.0626835823059082,
0.08481597900390625,
0.452667236328125,
0.09994125366210938,
0.3348846435546875,
0.57977294921875,
0.309844970703125,
0.38079833984375,
0.3289947509765625,
-0.1123197078704834,
0.212799072265625,
-0.05739021301269531,
-0.18192502856254578,
0.393157958984375,
-0.463958740234375,
0.424072265625,
0.19350433349609375,
-0.5244140625,
0.1689453125,
-0.2891082763671875,
0.18084716796875,
-0.051952362060546875,
0.12591552734375,
-0.2200927734375,
0.1981201171875,
-0.09177780151367188,
-0.5457229614257812,
0.37152099609375,
0.10142898559570312,
-0.08183050155639648,
-0.03238105773925781,
0.2725372314453125,
-0.048793792724609375,
0.28338623046875,
0.05695915222167969,
-0.43780517578125,
0.31060791015625,
-0.18564605712890625,
-0.10137176513671875,
0.520172119140625,
-0.02385234832763672,
-0.2455902099609375,
0.28814697265625,
-0.047332763671875,
-0.27020263671875,
0.238616943359375,
-0.19344329833984375,
-0.1648712158203125,
-0.576995849609375,
0.11153411865234375,
0.242950439453125,
-0.24029541015625,
0.2324676513671875,
0.09953689575195312,
-0.190521240234375,
0.1041259765625,
0.3291015625,
0.30414581298828125,
-0.00102996826171875,
0.059207916259765625,
0.16486549377441406,
0.161895751953125,
0.15596771240234375,
0.06451606750488281,
0.07351493835449219,
0.59246826171875,
0.11899852752685547,
0.09483146667480469,
0.364501953125,
-0.17950439453125,
-0.0022270232439041138,
0.11395263671875,
0.013030052185058594,
-0.18690967559814453,
0.415191650390625,
-0.355316162109375,
0.2060394287109375,
0.02679157257080078,
0.2388763427734375,
0.380340576171875,
0.2416229248046875,
0.3286590576171875,
0.3061981201171875,
0.349761962890625,
0.10039138793945312,
-0.04869532585144043,
0.0590364933013916,
0.22677040100097656,
0.484283447265625,
0.41912841796875,
-0.029637575149536133,
0.429656982421875,
-0.2892608642578125,
-0.027152538299560547,
-0.08841896057128906,
-0.2626953125,
-0.06456947326660156,
-0.20513916015625,
0.3287811279296875,
-0.06971359252929688,
-0.3783416748046875,
0.44305419921875,
0.2461090087890625,
-0.2897796630859375,
0.034881591796875,
0.07922172546386719,
0.30081939697265625,
-0.060577392578125,
0.008825302124023438,
-0.23345947265625,
-0.11181259155273438,
0.24365234375,
0.67645263671875,
-0.3004302978515625,
-0.497039794921875,
0.058719635009765625,
0.21503448486328125,
0.21600341796875,
-0.07404899597167969,
0.014705896377563477,
0.056821346282958984,
0.7310791015625,
-0.59613037109375,
0.0440673828125,
0.52764892578125,
0.1786956787109375,
-0.1787872314453125,
-0.04010891914367676,
0.3160247802734375,
0.1475543975830078,
0.2453303337097168,
-0.11565399169921875,
-0.3133392333984375,
-0.305633544921875,
0.220733642578125,
0.1505126953125,
0.329193115234375,
0.046326637268066406,
0.07989120483398438,
0.346923828125,
0.15436553955078125,
-0.2771453857421875,
-0.2091827392578125,
-0.355377197265625,
-0.1867828369140625,
0.2939453125,
-0.51226806640625,
0.09988975524902344,
-0.419464111328125,
0.31488037109375,
0.499359130859375,
0.4364166259765625,
0.2521209716796875,
-0.2219696044921875,
0.09657669067382812,
-0.0607757568359375,
0.00044417381286621094,
0.007107257843017578,
0.2859649658203125,
0.3015594482421875,
-0.06536102294921875,
0.207611083984375,
0.19272613525390625,
0.2650604248046875,
0.1982269287109375,
0.235595703125,
0.02887439727783203,
-0.07209014892578125,
0.2200927734375,
0.09438753128051758,
-0.16382217407226562,
0.2207183837890625,
0.01045536994934082,
-0.1111907958984375,
0.35931396484375,
0.033591270446777344,
-0.285125732421875,
0.18253231048583984,
0.23616790771484375,
0.2794952392578125,
-0.22388458251953125,
0.20290374755859375,
0.2401580810546875,
0.2332763671875,
-0.4038238525390625,
0.3677978515625,
-0.300567626953125,
0.05498504638671875,
-0.1608734130859375,
0.1926422119140625,
0.08638763427734375,
0.455291748046875,
0.2034149169921875,
0.13033998012542725,
0.3621826171875,
-0.09348678588867188,
-0.190673828125,
0.2139739990234375,
0.48626708984375,
0.440521240234375,
0.2375335693359375,
0.17954254150390625,
0.552490234375,
0.2437591552734375,
0.15659332275390625,
0.13987350463867188,
-0.38763427734375,
0.013737678527832031,
-0.13610076904296875,
0.08526611328125,
-0.32342529296875,
0.3199615478515625,
-0.09147834777832031,
-0.12340450286865234,
-0.07451820373535156,
-0.49560546875,
-0.03644609451293945,
0.29766845703125,
0.24332427978515625,
0.32891845703125,
-0.2896728515625,
-0.1684112548828125,
0.3731689453125,
0.33746337890625,
0.2322998046875,
4.16796875,
0.11577987670898438,
0.020082473754882812,
0.2209320068359375,
0.2263031005859375,
0.237091064453125,
0.13080215454101562,
-0.2461090087890625,
0.191009521484375,
-0.14667510986328125,
-0.2154541015625,
0.20751190185546875,
-0.13620758056640625,
0.032271385192871094,
-0.22095489501953125,
0.212493896484375,
0.2426300048828125,
0.2151031494140625,
0.260009765625,
0.20770263671875,
-0.33306121826171875,
0.31500244140625,
0.2758331298828125,
0.1370372772216797,
0.18377685546875,
0.307586669921875,
-0.293212890625,
0.01061248779296875,
0.269439697265625,
0.409759521484375,
0.385772705078125,
0.08830070495605469,
0.11862945556640625,
-0.17488479614257812,
-0.7330322265625,
0.09428596496582031,
0.3572998046875,
-0.023614883422851562,
0.04843449592590332,
0.3038787841796875,
-0.29656982421875,
0.17867279052734375,
0.2906341552734375,
0.348968505859375,
-0.0878591537475586,
-0.1549224853515625,
-0.01413726806640625,
0.425537109375,
-0.07053899765014648,
0.3116302490234375,
0.14734840393066406,
-0.12528228759765625,
0.13866424560546875,
-0.21491241455078125,
0.21941375732421875,
0.429718017578125,
0.2474822998046875,
0.308197021484375,
-0.16452789306640625,
0.20410919189453125,
0.009778976440429688,
0.21875,
0.447113037109375,
0.07724380493164062,
-0.655181884765625,
0.18663406372070312,
-0.0924835205078125,
0.2259674072265625,
0.0524139404296875,
-0.54278564453125,
0.010631203651428223,
0.415435791015625,
0.1024017333984375,
-0.41064453125,
0.0702056884765625,
-0.32568359375,
-0.2699737548828125,
0.1078176498413086,
-0.15885353088378906,
-0.0178375244140625,
0.20813369750976562,
-0.35333251953125,
-0.423828125,
0.74725341796875,
-0.12478256225585938,
0.5206298828125,
0.19317626953125,
-0.354766845703125,
0.4080810546875,
0.08414459228515625,
0.53460693359375,
0.08435535430908203,
0.162689208984375,
0.15582275390625,
0.13773727416992188,
0.04049873352050781,
-0.0790243148803711,
-4.04052734375,
0.19512939453125,
-0.22905731201171875,
0.07689857482910156,
-0.07438182830810547,
0.09628677368164062,
0.28985595703125,
0.0180816650390625,
-0.23827743530273438,
0.08476638793945312,
0.08301448822021484,
-0.24360275268554688,
0.07102775573730469,
0.45916748046875,
-0.12210845947265625,
0.09216022491455078,
0.1473407745361328,
0.275054931640625,
0.007782936096191406,
-0.13954925537109375,
0.09607791900634766,
0.18056488037109375,
0.23135948181152344,
-0.14279937744140625,
0.3070220947265625,
0.2078857421875,
-0.10144424438476562,
-0.09903907775878906,
0.047600746154785156,
0.009504318237304688,
0.13642501831054688,
0.07869863510131836,
0.647705078125,
-0.316864013671875,
0.09012436866760254,
0.591888427734375,
0.524078369140625,
0.17751312255859375,
0.3119049072265625,
0.477813720703125,
0.15948486328125,
0.08930206298828125,
0.2808837890625,
0.09348297119140625,
0.3139801025390625,
-0.02089691162109375,
-0.360809326171875,
0.167327880859375,
-0.2840576171875,
-0.07178783416748047,
0.514892578125,
0.2278900146484375,
-0.1870880126953125,
-0.03856086730957031,
0.76922607421875,
-0.237701416015625,
0.026617050170898438,
-0.17852401733398438,
0.13754326105117798,
0.2949066162109375,
-0.376983642578125,
-0.061573028564453125,
0.1687164306640625,
0.24311065673828125,
0.20254135131835938,
-0.0458526611328125,
0.27587890625,
-0.034820556640625,
0.19215774536132812,
-0.3909912109375,
0.41693115234375,
0.22182464599609375,
0.1435546875,
0.168487548828125,
0.475067138671875,
0.0924530029296875,
-0.1430492401123047,
-0.308319091796875,
0.60699462890625,
0.16324615478515625,
-0.07854843139648438,
-0.13891315460205078,
-0.4085693359375,
-0.1719818115234375,
2.574462890625,
0.3533935546875,
2.3369140625,
0.23521697521209717,
-0.16552734375,
0.3244171142578125,
-0.2640380859375,
0.1815643310546875,
0.1376495361328125,
0.37860107421875,
-0.07018089294433594,
0.4022674560546875,
-0.10356521606445312,
-0.1402435302734375,
-0.1359710693359375,
-0.26025390625,
0.35052490234375,
-0.808563232421875,
0.06781482696533203,
0.15501785278320312,
0.08843421936035156,
0.3384552001953125,
0.303192138671875,
0.5189208984375,
0.339141845703125,
-0.10458755493164062,
-0.11041641235351562,
-0.099822998046875,
-0.15781402587890625,
-0.503082275390625,
0.2355194091796875,
0.50018310546875,
0.2919769287109375,
0.1662120819091797,
0.12320327758789062,
0.2450714111328125,
-0.04779529571533203,
4.69970703125,
-0.04700469970703125,
-0.1455821990966797,
-0.05289268493652344,
0.524383544921875,
0.321380615234375,
0.22308349609375,
-0.07063102722167969,
-0.19199371337890625,
-0.03096461296081543,
0.369903564453125,
0.16170120239257812,
-0.015110969543457031,
-0.17535400390625,
-0.08782196044921875,
0.2678070068359375,
0.13774871826171875,
0.09095382690429688,
0.21315765380859375,
0.05266380310058594,
0.14371490478515625,
-0.1168975830078125,
0.09803199768066406,
-0.2852630615234375,
0.09722137451171875,
0.24542236328125,
0.2207489013671875,
-0.4339599609375,
-0.05325126647949219,
-0.13919353485107422,
0.483245849609375,
5.5068359375,
0.48358154296875,
0.07891845703125,
-0.2132415771484375,
-0.13619232177734375,
0.485260009765625,
-0.4185791015625,
-0.56561279296875,
-0.11791229248046875,
-0.033611297607421875,
0.1035919189453125,
0.184112548828125,
0.10671234130859375,
0.444061279296875,
0.13013172149658203,
0.424652099609375,
-0.28076171875,
0.12535476684570312,
0.12734603881835938,
0.1616973876953125,
0.25145721435546875,
0.054544925689697266,
0.2760772705078125,
-0.321380615234375,
-0.08246040344238281,
-0.07251358032226562,
-0.12300300598144531,
0.275848388671875,
-0.2671661376953125,
0.12282943725585938,
0.32330322265625,
0.004652738571166992,
-0.16817951202392578,
0.367279052734375,
-0.21002197265625,
0.250335693359375,
0.506500244140625,
0.1752777099609375,
0.03110635280609131,
-0.08195877075195312,
0.40447998046875,
0.4781494140625,
0.003901243209838867,
-0.06809234619140625,
0.02106475830078125,
0.09662830829620361,
-0.04187345504760742,
0.1629180908203125,
0.2314453125,
-0.07784271240234375,
0.0817108154296875,
-0.07528114318847656,
0.932861328125,
-0.005943089723587036,
0.459442138671875,
0.28778076171875,
-0.07410669326782227,
-0.1522979736328125,
-0.04701840877532959,
0.06266403198242188,
0.39849090576171875,
0.07863283157348633,
-0.08100998401641846,
-0.04528617858886719,
0.61505126953125,
0.488494873046875,
0.24088287353515625,
-0.08289718627929688,
0.8487548828125,
-0.12079620361328125,
-0.2454071044921875,
0.1335458755493164,
-0.11194992065429688,
0.301788330078125,
-0.1191558837890625,
-0.08477783203125,
-0.2427215576171875,
-0.04743146896362305,
0.15997314453125,
0.20515823364257812,
-0.02821826934814453,
-0.17584228515625,
-0.4765625,
0.224578857421875,
0.043547630310058594,
-0.27630615234375,
-0.2734375,
0.2327880859375,
0.49884033203125,
0.060672760009765625,
0.01933002471923828,
0.11135482788085938,
-0.019324541091918945,
0.41876220703125,
-0.2403087615966797,
-0.048526763916015625,
0.334197998046875,
0.450592041015625,
-0.2351837158203125,
0.44488525390625,
-0.20489120483398438,
0.639190673828125,
0.18630218505859375,
-0.2919769287109375,
0.2950286865234375,
-0.28741455078125,
0.0374908447265625,
0.03752589225769043,
0.024101734161376953,
0.39373779296875,
0.527679443359375,
0.648406982421875,
0.07946395874023438,
0.07301712036132812,
-0.04677456617355347
] |
2037
|
What is the oldest surviving example of sculpture?
|
[
{
"docid": "1256013#4",
"text": "Much surviving prehistoric art is small portable sculptures. It includes the oldest known representation of the human body, the Venus of Hohle Fel, dating from 40,000-35,000 BC, found in Schelklingen, Germany. It is part of a small group of female Venus figurines found in Central Europe. The Löwenmensch figurine, from about 30,000 BC, is the oldest undisputed piece of figurative art. The Swimming Reindeer of about 11,000 BCE is among the finest Magdalenian carvings in bone or antler of animals in the art of the Upper Paleolithic. At the beginning of the Mesolithic in Europe figurative sculpture greatly reduced, and remained a less common element in art than relief decoration of practical objects until the Roman period, despite some works such as the Gundestrup cauldron from the European Iron Age and the Bronze Age Trundholm sun chariot.",
"title": "Culture of Europe"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "42572586#0",
"text": "Sculpture in Scotland includes all visual arts operating in three dimensions in the borders of modern Scotland. Durable sculptural processes traditionally include carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material), in stone, metal, clay, wood and other materials. In the modern era these were joined by assembly by welding, modelling, moulding and casting. Some installation art can also be considered to be sculpture. The earliest surviving sculptures from Scotland are standing stones and circles from around 3000 BCE. The oldest portable visual art are carved-stone petrospheres and the Westray Wife is the earliest representation of a human face found in Scotland. From the Bronze Age there are extensive examples of rock art, including cup and ring marks and elaborate carved stone battle-axes. By the early Iron Age Scotland had been penetrated by the wider European La Tène culture, and a few examples of decoration survive from Scotland. There are also decorated torcs, scabbards, armlets and war trumpets. The Romans began military expeditions into what is now Scotland from about 71 CE, leaving a direct sculptural legacy of distance slabs, altars and other sculptures.",
"title": "Sculpture in Scotland"
},
{
"docid": "7344154#15",
"text": "The Golden Madonna is both the oldest known sculpture of the Madonna and the oldest free-standing sculpture north of the Alps. It is also one of only two extant medieval gilded cult images. Gilded sculptures are frequently mentioned in medieval documents, but apart from an image of Saint Fides in the abbey of Saint-Foy in Conques in Southern France no such artifacts survive (the Madonna of Hildesheim was stripped of its original gold-leaf covering at some time). We know Charlemagne had a life-size crucifix with the figure of Christ in gold in his Palatine Chapel in Aachen, the oldest such object to be described, and many similar figures in precious metal, all now vanished, are recorded in large Anglo-Saxon churches and elsewhere. Most often they are crucifixes, and sometimes accompanying figures of Mary and John the Evangelist are mentioned, as for example those by Spearhafoc in the 11th century.",
"title": "Golden Madonna of Essen"
},
{
"docid": "7344154#1",
"text": "Dated around the year 980, it is both the oldest known sculpture of the Madonna and the oldest free-standing medieval sculpture north of the Alps, and is also one of the few major works of art to survive from Ottonian times. To this day it remains an object of veneration and symbol of identity for the population of the Ruhr Area. It is the only full-length survival from what appears to have been a common form of statue among the wealthiest churches and abbeys of 10th and 11th century Northern Europe; some of these were life-size, especially figures of the Crucifixion.",
"title": "Golden Madonna of Essen"
},
{
"docid": "2909127#8",
"text": "With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the tradition of carving large works in stone and sculpting figures in bronze died out, as it effectively did (for religious reasons) in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) world. Some life-size sculpture was evidently done in stucco or plaster, but surviving examples are understandably rare. The best-known surviving large sculptural work of Proto-Romanesque Europe is the life-size wooden Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero of Cologne in about 960–965, apparently the prototype of what became a popular form. These were later set up on a beam below the chancel arch, known in English as a rood, from the twelfth century accompanied by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist to the sides. During the 11th and 12th centuries, figurative sculpture strongly revived, and architectural reliefs are a hallmark of the later Romanesque period.",
"title": "Romanesque art"
},
{
"docid": "42572586#4",
"text": "Scotland was occupied by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from around 8500 BCE, who were highly mobile boat-using people making tools from bone, stone and antlers. From about 3000 BCE they introduced the many standing stones and circles such as those at Stenness on the mainland of Orkney, which date from about 3100 BCE. These were part of a pattern that developed in many regions across Europe at about the same time. Probably the oldest examples of portable visual art to survive from Scotland are carved stone balls, or petrospheres, that date from the late Neolithic era. They are a uniquely Scottish phenomenon, with over 425 known examples. Most are from modern Aberdeenshire, but a handful of examples are known from Iona, Skye, Harris, Uist, Lewis, Arran, Hawick, Wigtownshire and fifteen from Orkney, five of which were found at the Neolithic village of Skara Brae. Many functions have been suggested for these objects, most indicating that they were prestigious and powerful possessions. Their production may have continued into the Iron Age. The complex carved circles and spirals on these balls can be seen mirrored in the carving on what was probably a lintel from a chambered cairn at Pierowall on Westray, Orkney, which seem to be part of the same culture that produced carvings at Newgrange in Ireland.",
"title": "Sculpture in Scotland"
},
{
"docid": "255514#5",
"text": "Early Christian art survives from dates near the origins of Christianity. The oldest surviving Christian paintings are from the site at Megiddo, dated to around the year 70, and the oldest Christian sculptures are from sarcophagi, dating to the beginning of the 2nd century. Until the adoption of Christianity by Constantine Christian art derived its style and much of its iconography from popular Roman art, but from this point grand Christian buildings built under imperial patronage brought a need for Christian versions of Roman elite and official art, of which mosaics in churches in Rome are the most prominent surviving examples.",
"title": "Religious art"
},
{
"docid": "39199658#4",
"text": "The durable hardwood and the palm oil anointments underscore the longevity of these works, the earliest examples of which, such as the ndop in the Brooklyn Museum’s collection, are among the oldest surviving wood works from the continent. Three wooden Ndop figures from the Kuba kingdom currently reside in the British Museum. Collected by the Hungarian explorer Emil Torday, one of them is estimated to date back to the eighteenth century, making it one of the oldest wooden sculptures extant from Sub-Saharan Africa. Two similar figures are in the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Belgium.",
"title": "Ndop (Kuba)"
},
{
"docid": "2090365#14",
"text": "Apart from Anglo-Saxon architecture, which survives entirely in churches, with only a handful of largely unaltered examples, monumental stone sculpture survives in large stone crosses, an equivalent to the high crosses of the Celtic areas of Britain. Most sculpture was probably once painted, clarifying the designs, which are mostly in relatively low relief and not finished with great precision, and now almost all badly worn and weathered. Dating is usually difficult. Sculpture in wood was very likely more common, but almost the only significant large survival is St Cuthbert's coffin in Durham Cathedral, probably made in 698, with numerous linear images carved or incised in a technique that is a sort of large-scale engraving. The material of the earliest recorded crosses is unknown, but may well have been wood. From various references (to its destruction by Christians) there would seem to have been a tradition of Anglo-Saxon pagan monumental sculpture, probably in wood, of which no examples remain (as opposed to later Anglo-Scandinavian pagan imagery), and with which the crosses initially competed.",
"title": "Anglo-Saxon art"
},
{
"docid": "5502117#58",
"text": "In the Byzantine period ivory rather than wood was the preferred material for carving into small religious objects, caskets, panels and furniture, the throne of Maximianus of Ravenna, with carved reliefs of Biblical stories and saints, being the finest example. The oldest large wooden sculpture to have survived in Europe is the painted and gilt oak Crucifix of Archbishop Gero (969-971), in Cologne Cathedral. Subsequent to this time, there are an increasing number of surviving large Crucifixes and free-standing statues, large and small, often of the Virgin and Child. \nMuch of the wooden furniture in churches is richly decorated with carved figures, as are structural parts such as roof bosses and beams. Carved and decorated wooden screens and reredos remain from the 13th century onwards. In Germany, in particular, the skill of making carved altarpieces reached a high level in the Late Gothic/Early Renaissance. In Belgium wood carving reached a height in the Baroque period, when the great pulpits were carved.",
"title": "Poor Man's Bible"
}
] |
[
0.5160911083221436,
0.1430462896823883,
-0.3561345934867859,
0.12200927734375,
-0.3652898669242859,
0.20581506192684174,
0.13835836946964264,
-0.301513671875,
0.24624910950660706,
0.33352938294410706,
-0.4390869140625,
-0.18930330872535706,
-0.34530362486839294,
-0.3938432037830353,
0.09492631256580353,
-0.1580449938774109,
0.4806463122367859,
0.2538951635360718,
-0.037319183349609375,
0.1172943115234375,
-0.0025926069356501102,
0.59619140625,
-0.05370746925473213,
0.3264049291610718,
0.1702825427055359,
0.3126997649669647,
-0.010845270939171314,
0.16926158964633942,
-0.40987882018089294,
0.09341257065534592,
0.30129173398017883,
-0.18123002350330353,
0.12406227737665176,
0.5452547669410706,
-0.25734642148017883,
0.3824906647205353,
-0.14950770139694214,
0.1325933337211609,
-0.2975297272205353,
0.3164506256580353,
0.23393665254116058,
0.0727013647556305,
0.4521040618419647,
-0.2672119140625,
0.07155539840459824,
-0.2633098363876343,
-0.05516606941819191,
-0.18046778440475464,
-0.0057497890666127205,
0.08564064651727676,
-0.05416315421462059,
-0.21468283236026764,
-0.20726428925991058,
-0.12598222494125366,
-0.42818936705589294,
0.4964488744735718,
-0.23829235136508942,
0.7133345007896423,
-0.09711525589227676,
-0.12678180634975433,
0.2002508044242859,
-0.11272083967924118,
-0.13413308560848236,
-0.016376841813325882,
-0.23576216399669647,
-0.12528644502162933,
-0.11380559951066971,
0.3660333752632141,
0.024956442415714264,
0.3394220471382141,
0.048683859407901764,
0.6762473583221436,
0.57568359375,
0.00018969448865391314,
0.03813934326171875,
-0.2992387115955353,
0.03933819755911827,
-0.21591463685035706,
0.21205832064151764,
0.032925691455602646,
0.470947265625,
-0.17915482819080353,
-0.0022680109832435846,
0.2230890393257141,
-0.0568600669503212,
0.7568359375,
0.15714888274669647,
0.24918435513973236,
0.22420431673526764,
0.6264204382896423,
0.42049893736839294,
0.10751481354236603,
-0.02109319530427456,
0.09430486708879471,
0.11858021467924118,
0.10258276015520096,
0.2905162572860718,
-0.35146263241767883,
0.22180037200450897,
-0.19091901183128357,
0.013503855094313622,
-0.25099876523017883,
-0.19096235930919647,
0.4734996557235718,
0.21385608613491058,
-0.3822132349014282,
-0.31088533997535706,
0.2714788317680359,
0.15782026946544647,
0.04692424461245537,
0.21573708951473236,
-0.239501953125,
-0.17911043763160706,
0.0025509921833872795,
-0.019382130354642868,
-0.0243084654211998,
0.4857621490955353,
-0.2797185778617859,
-0.41859158873558044,
-1.007368564605713,
0.32711514830589294,
0.23896928131580353,
-0.256439208984375,
-0.11677967756986618,
0.026089755818247795,
-0.4681951403617859,
0.4092906713485718,
-0.15357555449008942,
0.5881791710853577,
0.3704723119735718,
-0.0040921298786997795,
0.21741832792758942,
0.42496004700660706,
0.5964577198028564,
0.3590087890625,
-0.013474897481501102,
0.06346165388822556,
-0.2840687036514282,
0.13693548738956451,
-0.32083961367607117,
-0.07819990813732147,
0.1311132311820984,
0.06933316588401794,
0.3743119537830353,
-0.2506547272205353,
0.2824596166610718,
-0.0605480894446373,
0.07977572083473206,
0.01584729366004467,
0.31295499205589294,
0.11499717086553574,
0.14737215638160706,
-0.1599370837211609,
0.22169078886508942,
0.24308083951473236,
-0.41233131289482117,
0.6398481726646423,
-0.45298072695732117,
0.02916509471833706,
0.12835346162319183,
0.7159534692764282,
0.3667657971382141,
-0.12282076478004456,
-0.49021217226982117,
0.1376398205757141,
0.05285228416323662,
-0.2248632311820984,
0.5233930945396423,
0.46835049986839294,
0.12377825379371643,
-0.1074499636888504,
-0.17893843352794647,
0.40720435976982117,
-0.21348433196544647,
-0.0021754177287220955,
0.19153942167758942,
-0.14751920104026794,
0.4920543432235718,
0.10973566025495529,
-0.3573774993419647,
0.0791015625,
0.5737748742103577,
0.2335149645805359,
0.13280314207077026,
0.6010076403617859,
0.5361106395721436,
-0.06265640258789062,
0.1796819567680359,
-0.028787612915039062,
0.027766140177845955,
0.24126087129116058,
-0.011414960958063602,
0.5265669226646423,
0.016023116186261177,
0.1228661984205246,
-0.15116189420223236,
-0.22276721894741058,
0.29526588320732117,
-0.29443359375,
0.03388318046927452,
-0.09583282470703125,
0.16414712369441986,
-0.5436567664146423,
0.16916170716285706,
0.47048118710517883,
-0.46725186705589294,
0.24062277376651764,
0.3209228515625,
-0.17515425384044647,
-0.20246653258800507,
0.07936304062604904,
0.13590310513973236,
-0.2981456518173218,
0.031162608414888382,
-0.22666238248348236,
0.07151031494140625,
0.1900634765625,
0.04765181243419647,
0.5059481263160706,
-0.1448308825492859,
-0.2675337493419647,
0.5979225635528564,
-0.1547185778617859,
-0.039484892040491104,
-0.09542014449834824,
-0.19985128939151764,
-0.2786421477794647,
-0.3043323755264282,
-0.04647514969110489,
0.2553821802139282,
0.21250568330287933,
0.08870141953229904,
0.008991587907075882,
-0.7139115929603577,
0.40842506289482117,
0.395751953125,
0.10654518753290176,
-0.005504239816218615,
0.07622146606445312,
-0.28786399960517883,
0.3065296411514282,
0.16074718534946442,
-0.2655140161514282,
0.05571252480149269,
0.5376864075660706,
-0.22243429720401764,
-0.12173045426607132,
-0.39260032773017883,
-0.08809106796979904,
-0.16896472871303558,
0.14794921875,
-0.02382451854646206,
0.26780006289482117,
-0.019213588908314705,
0.09263333678245544,
0.13311490416526794,
-0.03344865143299103,
0.0634792372584343,
-0.0000818425978650339,
0.15895219147205353,
0.4509415924549103,
0.31967994570732117,
0.3650346100330353,
0.39999112486839294,
0.2531849145889282,
0.3600408434867859,
-0.0350189208984375,
0.407958984375,
0.13755451142787933,
0.40243253111839294,
0.4113880395889282,
-0.4121759533882141,
0.17017434537410736,
-0.08858697861433029,
-0.19779829680919647,
-0.07258189469575882,
-0.11852333694696426,
0.3349054455757141,
-0.2589222192764282,
0.3322864770889282,
0.31949129700660706,
0.16246448457241058,
-0.1908513903617859,
0.2826094329357147,
0.4158380627632141,
0.5746848583221436,
-0.05823308601975441,
0.13755659759044647,
-0.4250044524669647,
-0.04408714920282364,
0.23473010957241058,
0.5609907507896423,
-0.20597700774669647,
-0.4269464612007141,
0.03837793692946434,
0.028836684301495552,
0.05335027351975441,
-0.2932683825492859,
0.1375676989555359,
-0.056058015674352646,
0.5300958752632141,
-0.2637981176376343,
0.002617575926706195,
0.10382149368524551,
0.0382256954908371,
-0.17090953886508942,
-0.46201393008232117,
0.3024236559867859,
-0.22231778502464294,
0.11070806533098221,
0.3161177337169647,
-0.2172185778617859,
-0.021709095686674118,
0.41062232851982117,
0.13127551972866058,
0.4083251953125,
-0.251953125,
-0.054092928767204285,
0.15624722838401794,
0.17571501433849335,
0.04504498466849327,
0.08517473191022873,
-0.19205544888973236,
-0.13954024016857147,
0.08801546692848206,
-0.3666215240955353,
0.44229403138160706,
-0.24611316621303558,
0.6266202330589294,
0.20192648470401764,
0.4571283459663391,
-0.007314757909625769,
0.12370993942022324,
0.11017677932977676,
0.16236738860607147,
0.09213811904191971,
-0.43459251523017883,
0.456298828125,
-0.0594458132982254,
-0.21636962890625,
-0.10986535996198654,
-0.016116749495267868,
0.09316115081310272,
0.4076704680919647,
-0.17803816497325897,
0.07404119521379471,
0.11085683852434158,
-0.07528721541166306,
0.5271661877632141,
-0.007649161387234926,
0.378662109375,
0.05903764069080353,
-0.20521129667758942,
-0.19691190123558044,
0.031666841357946396,
-0.1181488037109375,
0.7283824682235718,
0.15504594147205353,
0.18650124967098236,
-0.2954212427139282,
0.049998197704553604,
0.44278231263160706,
0.5207741260528564,
-0.121337890625,
0.22184614837169647,
-0.2826399505138397,
-0.17683826386928558,
0.3833118677139282,
0.07561700791120529,
0.07556568831205368,
0.39662864804267883,
-0.17317061126232147,
0.046958401799201965,
0.0011333118891343474,
-0.20162512362003326,
-0.0884246826171875,
0.032075535506010056,
0.3312211334705353,
0.5481178760528564,
0.2571910619735718,
0.2928023040294647,
0.41672584414482117,
0.26303932070732117,
-0.2620183825492859,
-0.43408203125,
-0.26412686705589294,
-0.30348899960517883,
0.27713289856910706,
-0.027217518538236618,
-0.34420499205589294,
-0.24776944518089294,
0.12974686920642853,
0.247314453125,
0.12163751572370529,
0.21805642545223236,
-0.1879217028617859,
-0.20296964049339294,
0.3091597259044647,
0.193267822265625,
-0.06423256546258926,
0.1591131091117859,
0.5940385460853577,
0.22495339810848236,
0.2157648205757141,
4.225497245788574,
0.22318892180919647,
0.3057417571544647,
-0.2598876953125,
-0.22742809355258942,
0.3173051178455353,
0.20098304748535156,
0.019722677767276764,
0.21336780488491058,
0.20518355071544647,
-0.033083830028772354,
0.3798162341117859,
0.14256425201892853,
0.09454137831926346,
0.047457609325647354,
0.31215599179267883,
0.3613142669200897,
0.13211892545223236,
-0.2181951403617859,
0.1916559338569641,
-0.24862393736839294,
0.3354935944080353,
0.2921142578125,
0.1475732922554016,
0.3500380218029022,
-0.08364313095808029,
0.11482100188732147,
0.21518777310848236,
0.3533484637737274,
0.6178089380264282,
0.3694402575492859,
0.09500191360712051,
0.12902311980724335,
0.18341064453125,
-0.7132013440132141,
0.2889404296875,
0.1663561761379242,
-0.04399733245372772,
-0.05389542877674103,
-0.010904485359787941,
-0.2519642114639282,
-0.2317560315132141,
0.24606600403785706,
0.4061390161514282,
0.4383655786514282,
-0.15269331634044647,
0.10331587493419647,
0.22769442200660706,
0.04979081451892853,
0.3146528899669647,
0.2815718352794647,
-0.11188021302223206,
0.14595724642276764,
-0.33908912539482117,
0.26187410950660706,
0.5681818127632141,
-0.004278898239135742,
0.6256214380264282,
0.061118386685848236,
0.2996410131454468,
0.000021501020455616526,
0.0639258325099945,
-0.1019183099269867,
0.025420796126127243,
-0.6490811705589294,
0.22384366393089294,
0.10877297073602676,
-0.006902521476149559,
-0.3179265856742859,
0.013437444344162941,
0.21198168396949768,
0.5186656713485718,
-0.133087158203125,
-0.39235618710517883,
-0.3370916247367859,
0.1917266845703125,
-0.13058055937290192,
0.4071821868419647,
0.2241467535495758,
0.014447472058236599,
-0.04944818839430809,
-0.07266373932361603,
0.17287375032901764,
0.19298900663852692,
0.07295365631580353,
0.43405982851982117,
0.30824729800224304,
-0.1807916760444641,
0.37167081236839294,
0.13752330839633942,
0.0374487079679966,
0.21830056607723236,
0.2714066803455353,
0.2968639135360718,
0.20133695006370544,
-0.0020086115691810846,
0.124908447265625,
-3.9644887447357178,
0.15809769928455353,
0.2852783203125,
-0.2670454680919647,
0.1049322634935379,
0.22026477754116058,
-0.15985384583473206,
-0.018316181376576424,
-0.5213733911514282,
0.06220349296927452,
0.40049049258232117,
0.016359524801373482,
-0.02770441211760044,
0.1624811291694641,
0.3779296875,
0.05796397849917412,
0.0023130937479436398,
0.3304998278617859,
0.02197265625,
-0.0014398748753592372,
0.08361539244651794,
0.2413995862007141,
0.3919233977794647,
-0.19770397245883942,
0.2694341540336609,
-0.04095320403575897,
0.18900923430919647,
0.0056904880329966545,
0.2586226165294647,
0.07343500107526779,
0.052928317338228226,
0.23045764863491058,
0.5601695775985718,
-0.3327192962169647,
0.2858109772205353,
0.4480424225330353,
0.27573636174201965,
-0.30918189883232117,
0.4869939684867859,
0.5190873742103577,
0.12998060882091522,
0.19884143769741058,
0.2984730005264282,
-0.07273448258638382,
-0.05393080413341522,
0.14615978300571442,
-0.35482510924339294,
0.3067516088485718,
-0.34512606263160706,
-0.04553881660103798,
0.09380028396844864,
0.3258167505264282,
-0.23120255768299103,
-0.0002843683469109237,
0.2927689850330353,
-0.3024458587169647,
0.3124223053455353,
0.09713398665189743,
0.3037109375,
0.23837003111839294,
-0.03643244132399559,
-0.20401693880558014,
0.012198708020150661,
-0.08243630081415176,
0.09617753326892853,
-0.2037513107061386,
0.29659757018089294,
0.43075284361839294,
0.2910655736923218,
-0.29958274960517883,
0.3205677270889282,
-0.018406955525279045,
0.31886985898017883,
0.30093660950660706,
0.12096890807151794,
0.0014551336644217372,
0.0351538211107254,
0.0050566415302455425,
0.6174760460853577,
-0.16405902802944183,
-0.031430330127477646,
-0.11823827773332596,
-0.3400989770889282,
0.1525781750679016,
2.116654872894287,
0.6041370630264282,
2.2755682468414307,
0.24955610930919647,
0.16244783997535706,
0.29415616393089294,
0.17333732545375824,
0.26620206236839294,
-0.007545687723904848,
-0.011246182955801487,
0.2745916247367859,
0.6515447497367859,
-0.03458820655941963,
0.10445334762334824,
-0.11628861725330353,
-0.17547607421875,
0.26348599791526794,
-0.9552112817764282,
0.27413108944892883,
-0.18301668763160706,
-0.08843994140625,
0.3182483911514282,
0.031643953174352646,
0.41396263241767883,
0.4250932037830353,
-0.17072920501232147,
-0.5011541247367859,
0.03174729645252228,
-0.036567166447639465,
-0.0023158679250627756,
0.02794439159333706,
0.17999267578125,
0.7056108117103577,
0.18463550508022308,
0.4254871606826782,
0.21231912076473236,
-0.0559210330247879,
4.7116475105285645,
0.19377829134464264,
-0.09224631637334824,
-0.00673536816611886,
-0.06608963012695312,
0.21125654876232147,
0.04733727127313614,
0.1388494372367859,
-0.026153564453125,
0.2947998046875,
0.6141690611839294,
0.18115927278995514,
0.007158106192946434,
-0.03663470596075058,
0.20127730071544647,
0.06941639631986618,
-0.16117286682128906,
0.11501312255859375,
0.029983866959810257,
0.1257171630859375,
0.5417702198028564,
-0.4011674225330353,
0.649658203125,
-0.13365034759044647,
-0.02139117568731308,
0.09152776747941971,
0.46555396914482117,
-0.27170631289482117,
0.02551252208650112,
0.1975763440132141,
0.037833474576473236,
5.455610752105713,
0.22465376555919647,
0.4261585474014282,
-0.0009457306587137282,
0.200439453125,
0.2851118743419647,
-0.19432760775089264,
-0.0585174560546875,
-0.2542280852794647,
-0.0396815650165081,
0.11137945204973221,
-0.09535494446754456,
-0.032774146646261215,
0.7005948424339294,
0.04223424568772316,
0.6761141419410706,
-0.4127086400985718,
0.0057650478556752205,
0.45359107851982117,
-0.32235440611839294,
0.48477450013160706,
0.06770463287830353,
0.1674249768257141,
-0.39346590638160706,
-0.5017533898353577,
-0.029057590290904045,
0.06873321533203125,
-0.24379660189151764,
-0.11709178239107132,
-0.3265269994735718,
0.35586825013160706,
0.09165780991315842,
-0.22492356598377228,
0.3536376953125,
-0.2502274811267853,
-0.04557384178042412,
0.12681718170642853,
0.14518322050571442,
-0.21788440644741058,
-0.1005755364894867,
0.40525123476982117,
0.06958562880754471,
-0.10321669280529022,
-0.22293610870838165,
-0.3843994140625,
0.14516101777553558,
-0.2072393298149109,
0.5289639830589294,
0.2314453125,
-0.103546142578125,
0.15457239747047424,
-0.23199324309825897,
0.9212535619735718,
-0.05967573821544647,
0.09948869049549103,
0.14519153535366058,
-0.17252419888973236,
0.010399558581411839,
0.34896573424339294,
-0.11385831236839294,
0.9521928429603577,
0.19850297272205353,
-0.3108575940132141,
0.3745560944080353,
0.4658203125,
0.5496049523353577,
0.15486837923526764,
0.04349309578537941,
0.5237703919410706,
-0.08712907135486603,
0.08985137939453125,
0.2825372815132141,
-0.13639692962169647,
0.35073021054267883,
-0.005133889149874449,
0.20957253873348236,
0.0019070018315687776,
-0.18275867402553558,
0.3553466796875,
0.06020909920334816,
-0.469482421875,
-0.15292635560035706,
-0.4159046411514282,
0.33263328671455383,
-0.20010653138160706,
-0.3388727307319641,
-0.3004816174507141,
0.014799638651311398,
0.6987748742103577,
-0.09050889313220978,
0.2386114001274109,
0.42429420351982117,
-0.08519537001848221,
0.49460670351982117,
-0.1669672131538391,
-0.040889739990234375,
0.07945390045642853,
0.16883434355258942,
-0.08113236725330353,
0.40079012513160706,
-0.31626197695732117,
0.24138294160366058,
0.033169832080602646,
-0.43514737486839294,
0.23124001920223236,
-0.195112407207489,
-0.22614912688732147,
-0.1531926989555359,
0.13471846282482147,
0.2967973053455353,
0.5395729541778564,
0.46737393736839294,
-0.20015230774879456,
-0.10887562483549118,
0.3244073987007141
] |
2039
|
When was Park Chung-hee born?
|
[
{
"docid": "43936684#0",
"text": "Park Chung-hee (; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician and general who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military dictatorship installed by the May 16 coup in 1961. Before his presidency, he was the chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction from 1961 to 1963 after a career as a military leader in the South Korean army.",
"title": "Park Chung-hee"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "33553021#0",
"text": "Two-stage presidential elections were held in South Korea in May and July 1978, the second elections held under the framework of the Yushin Constitution. Members of the National Council for Reunification electoral college were elected on 18 May and proceeded to elect the president on 6 July. Incumbent President Park Chung-hee was elected, as in 1972, without opposition. Elections to the National Council for Reunification, an electoral college specified by the constitution, took place on 18 May, and Park Chung-hee was subsequently elected with the support of 2,578 members out of 2,581. One vote was declared invalid, the two remaining delegates were not present. Park Chung Hee would continue in office for just over a year before his assassination on 26 October 1979 and the subsequent collapse of the Yushin system.",
"title": "1978 South Korean presidential election"
},
{
"docid": "12937463#0",
"text": "Park Chung-hee, president of South Korea, was assassinated on Friday, October 26, 1979 at 7:41 p.m. during a dinner at a Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) safehouse inside the Blue House presidential compound, in Gungjeong-dong, Seoul. The assassination was carried out by Kim Jae-gyu, the then director of KCIA and the president's security chief. Park was shot in the chest and head, and died almost immediately. Four bodyguards and a presidential chauffeur were also killed. The incident is often referred to as \"10.26\" or the \"10.26 incident\" in South Korea.",
"title": "Assassination of Park Chung-hee"
},
{
"docid": "2354070#4",
"text": "On 6 April 2018, Park was sentenced to 24 years in prison. Park is currently held under arrest at Seoul Detention Center.\nPark was born on 2 February 1952, in Samdeok-dong of Jung District, Daegu, as the first child of Park Chung-hee, the 3rd president of South Korea who served between 1963 and 1979, and Yuk Young-soo. She has a younger brother, Park Ji-man, and a younger sister, Park Geun-ryeong. She is unmarried with no children. Pew Research Center described her as an atheist with a Buddhist and Roman Catholic upbringing.",
"title": "Park Geun-hye"
},
{
"docid": "11032587#2",
"text": "In August 1950 she met Park Chung-hee through a relative who was serving under Park. On 12 December 1950 she married Park Chung-hee. While her mother supported her choice of husband, Yuk's father was against the match, so she married without his blessing.",
"title": "Yuk Young-soo"
},
{
"docid": "19001921#0",
"text": "Park Chung-Hee (born April 10, 1975) is a female South Korean handball player who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.",
"title": "Park Chung-hee (handballer)"
},
{
"docid": "43936684#26",
"text": "On 15 August 1974, Park was delivering a speech in the National Theater in Seoul at the ceremony to celebrate the 29th anniversary of the ending of colonial rule when a man named Mun Se-gwang fired a gun at Park from the front row. The would-be assassin, who was a Japanese-born North Korean sympathizer, missed Park but a stray bullet struck his wife Yuk Young-soo (who died later that day) and others on the stage. Park continued his speech as his dying wife was carried off the stage. Mun was hanged in a Seoul prison four months later. On the first anniversary of his wife's death, Park wrote in his diary \"I felt as though I had lost everything in the world. All things became a burden and I lost my courage and will. A year has passed since then. And during that year I have cried alone in secret too many times to count.\"",
"title": "Park Chung-hee"
},
{
"docid": "43936684#5",
"text": "Park was born on 14 November 1917, in Gumi, North Gyeongsang in Korea under Japanese rule, to parents Park Sung-bin and Bek Nam-eui. He was the youngest of five brothers and two sisters in a poor Yangban family. Extremely intelligent, egotistic and ambitious, Park's hero from his boyhood on was Napoleon, and he frequently expressed much disgust that he had to grow up in the poor and backward countryside of Korea, a place that was not suitable for someone like himself. Those who knew Park as a youth recalled that a recurring theme of his remarks was his wish to \"escape\" from the Korean countryside. As someone who had grown up under Japanese rule, Park often expressed his admiration for Japan's rapid modernization after the Meiji Restoration of 1867 and for \"Bushido\" (\"the way of the warrior\"), the Japanese warrior code.",
"title": "Park Chung-hee"
},
{
"docid": "43936684#4",
"text": "In 2012 the Park Chung-hee Presidential Library and Museum was opened. On 25 February 2013, his eldest daughter, Park Geun-hye, became the first female president of South Korea. She was impeached and removed from office on 10 March 2017 as a result of an influence-peddling scandal. On 6 April 2018, Park's daughter was sentenced to 24 years in prison for corruption.",
"title": "Park Chung-hee"
},
{
"docid": "35203919#5",
"text": "In 1948, Park graduated from the Korea Military Academy and was then commissioned as shavetail. He was awarded the Chungmu Order of Military Merit and the Hwarang order of military merit after participating in the Korean War.\nHe did not take part in May 16 coup, but entrusted his family in case of failing Park Chung-hee.",
"title": "Park Tae-joon"
}
] |
[
0.3126586973667145,
0.072723388671875,
-0.051666259765625,
0.3059448301792145,
-0.134063720703125,
-0.143402099609375,
0.11347351223230362,
-0.2777038514614105,
0.19963988661766052,
0.3167724609375,
-0.1625106781721115,
-0.3539794981479645,
-0.5759521722793579,
0.31135255098342896,
-0.19672851264476776,
0.014864444732666016,
0.24725952744483948,
-0.06803436577320099,
-0.13254547119140625,
-0.042058657854795456,
0.08075408637523651,
0.5013427734375,
-0.05223693698644638,
0.21134643256664276,
0.19754639267921448,
-0.32945555448532104,
-0.10649414360523224,
0.39179688692092896,
0.2919555604457855,
0.16738586127758026,
0.2906860411167145,
0.22646483778953552,
-0.16597290337085724,
0.19408264756202698,
-0.5921264886856079,
0.2321929931640625,
-0.1400953233242035,
0.035024262964725494,
0.3432731628417969,
0.008538246154785156,
-0.532153308391571,
0.044344712048769,
0.09389038383960724,
-0.01787567138671875,
0.04686889797449112,
0.2740844786167145,
0.10122070461511612,
0.3317016661167145,
-0.09989471733570099,
-0.224578857421875,
-0.4521728456020355,
0.1513519287109375,
-0.16635437309741974,
-0.15597686171531677,
-0.3028564453125,
0.4695068299770355,
0.02253265306353569,
0.5776122808456421,
-0.34320068359375,
-0.13609619438648224,
0.4763427674770355,
-0.027025986462831497,
-0.31562501192092896,
0.19420166313648224,
0.23173828423023224,
0.1135711669921875,
0.26661378145217896,
0.2740234434604645,
0.3935302793979645,
0.3244262635707855,
-0.16889190673828125,
0.25571900606155396,
0.4875732362270355,
0.14514771103858948,
0.018431758508086205,
-0.34405517578125,
0.04476318508386612,
0.396575927734375,
0.2903686463832855,
-0.11982879787683487,
0.5909668207168579,
-0.062273405492305756,
-0.18153992295265198,
0.13196516036987305,
0.02933368645608425,
0.4706787168979645,
-0.07095708698034286,
0.22622069716453552,
0.24248047173023224,
0.2633056640625,
-0.3432373106479645,
0.12136650085449219,
-0.4952636659145355,
-0.1344451904296875,
0.18859252333641052,
0.126861572265625,
0.38135987520217896,
-0.3879943788051605,
-0.07209090888500214,
-0.674023449420929,
-0.2598938047885895,
-0.29962158203125,
-0.3148559629917145,
0.3901123106479645,
0.1617359220981598,
-0.32426756620407104,
0.02061004564166069,
0.45112305879592896,
-0.03457031399011612,
0.33171385526657104,
0.4186950623989105,
-0.13511352241039276,
0.3080810606479645,
-0.15045776963233948,
0.03528289869427681,
0.08635787665843964,
0.5175536870956421,
0.04478301852941513,
-0.15210875868797302,
-0.801464855670929,
0.014857483096420765,
0.4749511778354645,
-0.22405394911766052,
-0.02913970872759819,
-0.33562010526657104,
-0.197174072265625,
0.6482909917831421,
-0.24041748046875,
0.4839843809604645,
0.16323700547218323,
0.06503906100988388,
0.3628784120082855,
0.32958984375,
0.5244140625,
0.17083129286766052,
0.20319214463233948,
0.09032287448644638,
-0.02034912072122097,
-0.2901611328125,
-0.24456787109375,
0.06110992282629013,
-0.0723167434334755,
0.2837989926338196,
0.637939453125,
0.03900756686925888,
0.021746445447206497,
0.14120177924633026,
0.29881590604782104,
0.1386696845293045,
0.5385986566543579,
0.30577391386032104,
0.4219726622104645,
-0.12765273451805115,
0.32209473848342896,
-0.31591492891311646,
0.04491729661822319,
-0.13916015625,
0.22416992485523224,
-0.33778077363967896,
-0.09173583984375,
0.812060534954071,
0.38627928495407104,
-0.052405547350645065,
0.2728637754917145,
-0.21535643935203552,
0.21350708603858948,
-0.0803985595703125,
0.1550552397966385,
0.661914050579071,
-0.121917724609375,
-0.15624694526195526,
-0.32586669921875,
0.1520072966814041,
-0.505480945110321,
0.2660888731479645,
0.02123870886862278,
-0.3429321348667145,
-0.44843751192092896,
0.0010833740234375,
-0.0992279052734375,
0.21272143721580505,
0.22114257514476776,
-0.27308958768844604,
0.29087525606155396,
0.572924792766571,
0.07616424560546875,
-0.023132706061005592,
-0.5731201171875,
-0.09044189751148224,
0.4423584043979645,
0.06715185940265656,
-0.2953430116176605,
0.7164551019668579,
-0.2391357421875,
0.05967826768755913,
0.010272813029587269,
-0.13794556260108948,
0.1474258452653885,
-0.20958252251148224,
0.3415374755859375,
0.22631224989891052,
0.07706985622644424,
-0.32585448026657104,
0.22370605170726776,
0.604443371295929,
-0.4793457090854645,
-0.06102447584271431,
0.0335451140999794,
-0.19748230278491974,
-0.0120086669921875,
0.253793329000473,
0.12132568657398224,
0.10400390625,
0.311361700296402,
0.003170013427734375,
0.27543944120407104,
-0.3338623046875,
-0.15299376845359802,
0.46275633573532104,
0.09211502224206924,
-0.24852904677391052,
0.37830811738967896,
0.1456298828125,
0.13829068839550018,
-0.01072082482278347,
-0.0815025344491005,
-0.05172119289636612,
-0.4640136659145355,
0.0405714213848114,
0.11177291721105576,
0.3952392637729645,
0.40174561738967896,
-0.05047912523150444,
0.043256379663944244,
0.113439179956913,
-0.04982604831457138,
0.3495727479457855,
0.17500610649585724,
-0.12926940619945526,
-0.2235870361328125,
0.17156371474266052,
0.3224548399448395,
-0.13347777724266052,
0.18127593398094177,
0.20987549424171448,
-0.09522704780101776,
0.4912963807582855,
0.12457428127527237,
-0.3494628965854645,
0.14563846588134766,
-0.01582946814596653,
0.14335021376609802,
0.21140137314796448,
0.13366594910621643,
-0.22886963188648224,
0.013845061883330345,
0.20260009169578552,
0.02645568922162056,
-0.15857239067554474,
0.32280272245407104,
0.3354125916957855,
-0.1256105899810791,
0.3675781190395355,
0.25996702909469604,
-0.2881759703159332,
0.2545104920864105,
0.22623595595359802,
0.498291015625,
-0.15125426650047302,
0.16407927870750427,
0.6849120855331421,
-0.02406616136431694,
0.168009951710701,
0.2636352479457855,
-0.2892089784145355,
0.5133301019668579,
-0.11523132026195526,
0.3734497129917145,
-0.061821937561035156,
0.3992919921875,
0.364013671875,
-0.2027587890625,
-0.016249846667051315,
-0.19646605849266052,
-0.0215606689453125,
0.29754638671875,
-0.637225329875946,
-0.06102599948644638,
-0.23079147934913635,
-0.22467041015625,
0.36445313692092896,
0.42529296875,
-0.20682373642921448,
-0.4779907166957855,
-0.057538606226444244,
0.01564636267721653,
0.168060302734375,
0.0729450210928917,
-0.0772489532828331,
-0.04356994479894638,
0.306845098733902,
-0.4615722596645355,
-0.18524780869483948,
0.43510740995407104,
0.1697566956281662,
-0.322021484375,
-0.31708985567092896,
0.2292502373456955,
-0.04719085618853569,
0.283935546875,
0.22917480766773224,
-0.3773193359375,
-0.12331543117761612,
0.24615478515625,
0.21076659858226776,
0.796142578125,
0.059822846204042435,
0.06224022060632706,
0.32579344511032104,
0.015354919247329235,
-0.08183898776769638,
-0.23585815727710724,
-0.30070799589157104,
-0.08725833892822266,
0.4250244200229645,
-0.8969482183456421,
0.04513130336999893,
-0.4047607481479645,
0.4666748046875,
0.07197914272546768,
0.11865310370922089,
-0.01401829719543457,
0.07315750420093536,
-0.2430267333984375,
-0.3177246153354645,
0.1799461394548416,
-0.22758789360523224,
1.140478491783142,
0.03833465650677681,
-0.18278321623802185,
0.2937728762626648,
0.17299099266529083,
-0.35346680879592896,
0.3875976502895355,
-0.08984527736902237,
-0.06559200584888458,
0.0022735595703125,
0.10403652489185333,
0.543627917766571,
-0.005397796630859375,
0.23068542778491974,
-0.07676611095666885,
-0.04694824293255806,
-0.35090333223342896,
0.18168334662914276,
0.06813659518957138,
0.4246826171875,
0.45283204317092896,
-0.18915405869483948,
-0.17807617783546448,
0.12143860012292862,
0.49641114473342896,
0.29937744140625,
0.29803466796875,
0.023844528943300247,
0.27067261934280396,
-0.27711182832717896,
0.027910614386200905,
0.14272689819335938,
0.2362060546875,
0.21916961669921875,
0.17697449028491974,
0.07050323486328125,
0.3949218690395355,
-0.34260255098342896,
-0.33503419160842896,
0.06233043596148491,
0.6273437738418579,
0.45463865995407104,
0.43986815214157104,
-0.12923374772071838,
0.48974609375,
0.24993896484375,
-0.027359580621123314,
-0.1768844574689865,
0.02826995775103569,
-0.11781616508960724,
-0.057469941675662994,
-0.36500245332717896,
0.2554992735385895,
0.2428516447544098,
-0.18462829291820526,
-0.04446868970990181,
-0.3529052734375,
0.09132995456457138,
-0.008633422665297985,
-0.30030518770217896,
0.381927490234375,
0.15637817978858948,
0.07547149807214737,
0.4810546934604645,
0.5869385004043579,
0.35792237520217896,
0.4208740293979645,
4.049414157867432,
-0.0002544402959756553,
0.04571380466222763,
-0.0825115218758583,
-0.07977447658777237,
-0.10068778693675995,
1.132910132408142,
-0.05792846530675888,
-0.35322266817092896,
-0.027167415246367455,
0.12128448486328125,
0.4005493223667145,
-0.1656143218278885,
0.27400511503219604,
0.17689819633960724,
0.14808960258960724,
0.5436035394668579,
0.273590087890625,
-0.23372802138328552,
0.4333252012729645,
-0.3114990293979645,
0.23467406630516052,
0.35844725370407104,
0.18198852241039276,
0.48039549589157104,
-0.04535942152142525,
0.580883800983429,
-0.15335683524608612,
0.21230468153953552,
0.01818542554974556,
0.4932617247104645,
0.013872099108994007,
0.12927398085594177,
0.05666198581457138,
-0.960205078125,
0.427978515625,
0.2125244140625,
0.6048828363418579,
-0.11243896186351776,
0.09946136176586151,
-0.3986572325229645,
0.0724639892578125,
0.5231689214706421,
0.14152678847312927,
0.44932860136032104,
-0.4900878965854645,
0.18801268935203552,
0.3284912109375,
-0.19861450791358948,
0.20159301161766052,
0.13874205946922302,
-0.3252197206020355,
-0.02359313890337944,
-0.1747383177280426,
-0.04210620000958443,
0.493896484375,
0.0005767822149209678,
0.24282225966453552,
0.0679546371102333,
-0.2903076112270355,
0.10739021003246307,
-0.12155456840991974,
-0.07563362270593643,
0.1573638916015625,
0.12378235161304474,
-0.4391845762729645,
0.30054932832717896,
0.19682617485523224,
0.4590820372104645,
-0.17002257704734802,
0.6352905035018921,
0.4327392578125,
0.08879699558019638,
-0.44353026151657104,
0.1702117919921875,
-0.39887696504592896,
-0.2803955078125,
-0.1688186675310135,
-0.22380371391773224,
0.03756256029009819,
0.22342605888843536,
-0.20336303114891052,
0.01631755754351616,
0.1788913756608963,
0.007465362548828125,
0.5551513433456421,
0.22632446885108948,
-0.3055786192417145,
0.25341796875,
-0.17156067490577698,
0.33135986328125,
0.3825927674770355,
-0.045296479016542435,
0.30106812715530396,
-0.260986328125,
-0.04901885986328125,
0.23898163437843323,
-3.970507860183716,
0.3035522401332855,
0.08417854458093643,
-0.06966666877269745,
0.21732178330421448,
0.05946197360754013,
-0.08351592719554901,
0.5096191167831421,
-0.35847169160842896,
0.26548463106155396,
-0.16791076958179474,
0.01515350304543972,
-0.30717772245407104,
0.405670166015625,
0.2588973939418793,
0.01393203716725111,
0.16296538710594177,
0.737597644329071,
0.267578125,
-0.23756103217601776,
0.1409561187028885,
-0.010268593207001686,
0.3844970762729645,
0.01194152794778347,
-0.29304200410842896,
-0.3440918028354645,
0.606494128704071,
-0.132232666015625,
0.6650390625,
0.08367767184972763,
-0.01790161058306694,
0.3597656190395355,
0.76806640625,
-0.21903380751609802,
0.28129273653030396,
0.434814453125,
0.22312621772289276,
0.2802734375,
0.357421875,
0.2593139708042145,
-0.525561511516571,
0.07703246921300888,
0.043062973767519,
-0.10693283379077911,
0.15748901665210724,
0.32915037870407104,
-0.07227325439453125,
0.04221496731042862,
0.015554046258330345,
0.09447021782398224,
-0.15803833305835724,
0.5247802734375,
-0.38520509004592896,
0.15110167860984802,
0.638720691204071,
0.04038181155920029,
-0.25326842069625854,
-0.05861968919634819,
0.404541015625,
-0.043415069580078125,
0.36958009004592896,
0.01858215406537056,
0.025746917352080345,
0.3585205078125,
0.04130859300494194,
-0.0402984619140625,
0.051848601549863815,
0.12823256850242615,
0.08947964012622833,
-0.04646148532629013,
0.6120361089706421,
0.4049316346645355,
-0.003343772841617465,
-0.161529541015625,
-0.1128082275390625,
0.6276611089706421,
-0.16252747178077698,
-0.051691435277462006,
0.6399902105331421,
0.2504943907260895,
-0.2878662049770355,
-0.21136474609375,
-0.374267578125,
0.22440452873706818,
2.382031202316284,
0.17223510146141052,
2.2333984375,
0.532940685749054,
0.05805816501379013,
0.4502319395542145,
0.33344727754592896,
0.18529358506202698,
0.19252929091453552,
-0.06203613430261612,
0.2809509336948395,
0.2767631411552429,
0.04414214938879013,
0.3853759765625,
-0.06300811469554901,
-0.3080688416957855,
0.1806793212890625,
-0.509448230266571,
0.034336186945438385,
0.02822113037109375,
0.3874267637729645,
0.29567259550094604,
-0.30830079317092896,
0.22514954209327698,
0.17689819633960724,
-0.05951690673828125,
-0.006531143095344305,
0.00201416015625,
0.3376220762729645,
-0.04712524265050888,
-0.34867554903030396,
0.04390563815832138,
0.3376220762729645,
0.2784667909145355,
-0.03103179857134819,
0.04274788498878479,
-0.04849281162023544,
4.708593845367432,
-0.0816112533211708,
-0.1756904572248459,
0.05772342532873154,
0.20462647080421448,
0.09068603813648224,
0.4752197265625,
-0.019690703600645065,
0.0904773697257042,
0.4120117127895355,
0.19644851982593536,
0.4197021424770355,
-0.06528015434741974,
-0.09145889431238174,
-0.024341583251953125,
0.062131501734256744,
0.04770202562212944,
0.16631317138671875,
0.28004151582717896,
0.04178466647863388,
-0.11740722507238388,
-0.05801277235150337,
0.2046661376953125,
0.04655742645263672,
-0.15915831923484802,
-0.12380752712488174,
0.32780760526657104,
0.08734741061925888,
-0.1063232421875,
-0.24690818786621094,
0.19545897841453552,
5.491406440734863,
0.06718750298023224,
0.25452882051467896,
0.08343048393726349,
-0.1834716796875,
0.12793579697608948,
-0.22587890923023224,
0.2744995057582855,
-0.2571167051792145,
-0.06591872870922089,
-0.16554565727710724,
-0.20643310248851776,
-0.38465577363967896,
0.0868377685546875,
0.19597168266773224,
0.33500367403030396,
-0.32158201932907104,
0.2120101898908615,
0.2656494081020355,
-0.07529906928539276,
0.4326171875,
0.10843505710363388,
0.4075683653354645,
-0.3344177305698395,
-0.24799804389476776,
-0.272430419921875,
-0.15552368760108948,
0.3933959901332855,
-0.052851103246212006,
-0.11851806938648224,
0.42231446504592896,
0.30671387910842896,
-0.06178436428308487,
-0.025851821526885033,
-0.5109146237373352,
0.08335570991039276,
0.11011352390050888,
0.32805174589157104,
0.20917358994483948,
-0.0023086548317223787,
0.11706848442554474,
0.22269897162914276,
0.029477691277861595,
-0.733837902545929,
0.20861205458641052,
-0.0200929157435894,
-0.03303947299718857,
0.15959472954273224,
-0.05662231519818306,
-0.15023651719093323,
0.669140636920929,
-0.2067674696445465,
1.046630859375,
0.379638671875,
0.03834838792681694,
0.4144287109375,
-0.17136840522289276,
0.18932799994945526,
0.09942016750574112,
-0.18486328423023224,
0.5159057378768921,
0.11422272026538849,
-0.06103057786822319,
0.20770569145679474,
0.161834716796875,
0.4337402284145355,
0.08872833102941513,
-0.17802734673023224,
0.828369140625,
0.0073257447220385075,
0.007405090145766735,
0.05486869812011719,
-0.19797363877296448,
0.42094725370407104,
0.02182464674115181,
0.049280546605587006,
0.4875732362270355,
-0.2428741455078125,
0.31675416231155396,
-0.2636207640171051,
0.19999542832374573,
-0.521069347858429,
-0.2932983338832855,
-0.11198119819164276,
-0.16766662895679474,
0.0644710510969162,
-0.07026366889476776,
0.0737510696053505,
0.13616332411766052,
0.700439453125,
0.38551026582717896,
0.010502243414521217,
-0.07025985419750214,
0.585498034954071,
-0.28986817598342896,
0.24223022162914276,
0.2349395751953125,
0.570111095905304,
-0.09116668999195099,
0.2610839903354645,
0.01395568810403347,
0.27332764863967896,
0.06237983703613281,
0.2962890565395355,
0.11649475246667862,
0.08271674811840057,
0.557202160358429,
0.05754346773028374,
0.01423492468893528,
-0.07608642429113388,
0.4225097596645355,
0.5375000238418579,
-0.06132202222943306,
-0.14279747009277344,
0.32683104276657104
] |
2041
|
When was the first synod of Catholic bishops?
|
[
{
"docid": "34998579#4",
"text": "On 15 September 1965, as the Council was drawing to a close, Pope Paul VI established the Synod of Bishops, noting that \"the Ecumenical Council ... gave Us the idea of permanently establishing a special Council of bishops, with the aim of providing for a continuance after the Council of the great abundance of benefits that We have been so happy to see flow to the Christian people during the time of the Council as a result of Our close collaboration with the bishops.\" The Pope sought \"to make ever greater use of the bishops' assistance in providing for the good of the universal Church\" and to enjoy \"the consolation of their presence, the help of their wisdom and experience, the support of their counsel, and the voice of their authority.\" This preempted action by the Council and made the Synod \"immediately and directly\" subject to papal authority, ensuring that it would be strictly an advisory body. The Synod of the Bishops does not constitute collegial governance of the Church, but represents a collaboration with the Pope: it discusses topics proposed to it and makes recommendations, but does not settle questions or issue decrees, unless the Pope grants it deliberative power in certain cases.",
"title": "Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "53228158#7",
"text": "In 1763, Meindaerts convened the first synod in Utrecht since 1565, for the purpose of condemning the work of Pierre Le Clere, a French subdeacon living in Amsterdam. A total of twenty clerics gathered for the synod at the St. Gertrude Cathedral in Utrecht. The synod asserted the divine right of monarchs and condemned several works. It also approved 24 canons, including the warning that those who did not receive the Church’s sacrament of Confirmation risked salvation—a canon that is interesting insofar as no Roman Catholic bishop celebrated the sacrament in the Dutch Republic from 1703 to 1827, thus creating an opportunity for the bishops of the Old Catholic Church, who were the sole dispensers of this now-necessary sacrament. C.B. Moss says, “The acts of the synod were very well received throughout Roman Catholic Europe, and many [Roman Catholic] bishops sent letters of congratulations and communion to Archbishop Meindaerts.”",
"title": "Petrus Johannes Meindaerts"
},
{
"docid": "15533556#17",
"text": "Cardinal Benedetto Lomellini (1565–1572) held a diocesan synod. A synod was held by Bishop Giovanni Battista Bracelli (1572–1590) on 12 September 1582. Bishop Giovanni Battista Salvago (1590–1632) held his first diocesan synod in 1591; at this synod association between Christians and Jews was prohibited, and it was demanded that Jews wear a garment of yellow (\"crocei coloris\") to identify them. His second synod took place in 1595, and his third in 1596.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato"
},
{
"docid": "59514195#2",
"text": "On 13 January 2017 the Catholic Church released its Preparatory Document for its Fifteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, whose theme was to be ‘Young people, faith, and vocational discernment’. In it, the Vatican stated that their aim was to address issues facing “all young people, without exception” – i.e. not just Catholics - and to consult directly with them in preparation for the Synod itself, rather than solely via episcopal conferences. This was unprecedented, as while the Vatican's preparation for a synod generally includes developing a questionnaire and soliciting input from bishops' conferences, dioceses and religious orders, for the first time the Vatican's synod organizing body sought direct input from the public, even going so far as to put a questionnaire online.",
"title": "Equal Future 2018"
},
{
"docid": "14448866#19",
"text": "A diocesan synod was held in September 1602 under the presidency of Msgr. Giovanni Mozanega, Protonotary Apostolic and Vicar General of the diocese of Parma. Bishop Pompeo Cornazzano, O.Cist. (1615–1647) held a diocesan synod in November 1621. Bishop Carlo Nembrini (1652–1677) presided over his first diocesan synod on 5–7 June 1659; he held his second diocesan synod on 26–27 April 1674. A synod was held on 7 May 1691 by Bishop Tommaso Saladino (1681–1694).",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Parma"
},
{
"docid": "31834761#0",
"text": "The Synod of Thurles, which took place in 1850, was the first formal synod of Catholic episcopacy and clergy since 1642. The cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly is located in Thurles. The Synod was called by Paul Cullen following his appointment as Archbishop of Armagh. The Synod took place in St. Patrick's College, Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland. Proceedings commenced on Thursday, 22 August 1850.\nThe synod marked the beginning of a movement led by Cullen to standardise the administration, religious practices, teaching and discipline of the Catholic church in Ireland. Practices in the Church in Ireland had evolved differently from practices in continental Europe due to state suppression of the Church in Ireland from the c.1640 until Catholic emancipation in 1829. In advance of the synod, Cullen had been in Rome where he was appointed an Apostolic Delegate which in effect give him direct papal authority over the Catholic church in Ireland. Cullen was an 'ultramontanist' in philosophy and was committed to bringing the church in Ireland into line with the church in Rome. In particular, Cullen was opposed to local or popular religious expression and interpretation; he was determined to end such practices in Ireland. The synod also occurred at a sensitive time following the devastation of the Great Irish famine. Counteracting proselytising efforts by the protestant churches were also discussed.\nOne of the main commitments from the Synod was to establish a Catholic University in Ireland in response to the establishment of the Queen's Colleges and the Queen's University of Ireland by the Universities Ireland Act of 1845 by the British Government. The bishops adopted the papal condemnation of the 'godless colleges' (i.e. the Queen's colleges) but were divided over priests accepting college positions and lay involvement. The consequence was the Catholic University of Ireland established in 1851 and the invitation from the bishops to Cardinal John Henry Newman to become its chancellor and its foundation in 1854.",
"title": "Synod of Thurles"
},
{
"docid": "13549919#14",
"text": "The earliest synod of which there is any record is that held by Bishop Guido de Valperga (1295–1327) on 7 May 1316. Another was held by Bishop Arnaldus de Roseto (1327–1348) in May 1328. Bishop Scipio Damiani (1469–1473) held his first synod in 1471, and Bishop Basinus Malabaila (1473–1475) on 21 August 1474. Another was held by Bishop Pietro Damiani (1475–1496) at the beginning of his episcopate; he held a second synod in the Episcopal Palace on 8 March 1485.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Asti"
},
{
"docid": "55026174#22",
"text": "On 21–22 July 2017 the Extraordinary Synod of the Old Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland took place. July 22, 2017 On the second day of the Synod, as planned, the bishop of the Old Catholic Church in Poland were ordained. Bishop. E. Artur Wiciński, who according to the applicable Canon Law of the Old Catholic Church in Poland received the title of Archbishop, according to the historical tradition of the Church during the time of Archbishop Wladyslaw Faron, where the Church Superior received the title of archbishop of the community. During the same synod a formal election of Rev. Robert Matysiak for the Bishop of the Diocese of Germany of the Old Catholic Church in Poland.",
"title": "Old Catholic Church in Poland"
},
{
"docid": "157966#3",
"text": "The idea of these meetings was first suggested in a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury by Bishop John Henry Hopkins of Vermont in 1851. The possibility of such an international gathering of bishops had first emerged during the jubilee of the Church Missionary Society in 1851 when a number of US bishops were present in London. However, the initial impetus came from episcopal churches in Canada. In 1865 the synod of that province, in an urgent letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, (Charles Thomas Longley), represented the unsettlement of members of the Canadian church caused by recent legal decisions of the Privy Council and their alarm lest the revived action of convocation \"should leave us governed by canons different from those in force in England and Ireland, and thus cause us to drift into the status of an independent branch of the Catholic Church\". They therefore requested him to call a \"national synod of the bishops of the Anglican Church at home and abroad\", to meet under his leadership. After consulting both houses of the Convocation of Canterbury, Archbishop Longley assented and convened all the bishops of the Anglican Communion (then 144 in number) to meet at Lambeth in 1867.",
"title": "Lambeth Conference"
},
{
"docid": "15024011#9",
"text": "Bishop Gianantonio Volpi (1559–1588) held a diocesan synod on 16 March 1565. This was the first synod since the closing of the Council of Trent, which had mandated regular and frequent diocesan synods. He held a second synod on 3–5 September 1579. A diocesan synod was held by Bishop Filippo Archinti (1595–1621) in 1598; and another synod on 16–18 May 1618.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Como"
}
] |
[
0.46322867274284363,
-0.011991060338914394,
-0.3282001316547394,
0.0846293494105339,
0.26143530011177063,
-0.006367756985127926,
0.16311176121234894,
-0.2400583177804947,
0.1293315887451172,
0.6872746348381042,
-0.10396751761436462,
-0.09534160792827606,
-0.7014347910881042,
0.3194040060043335,
-0.4891826808452606,
-0.056853074580430984,
0.479736328125,
0.02926665171980858,
0.28466796875,
0.22501784563064575,
-0.10352853685617447,
0.44980093836784363,
0.08565697073936462,
-0.25930550694465637,
-0.026167210191488266,
-0.23769906163215637,
0.026550879701972008,
0.08570274710655212,
-0.009363687597215176,
0.3629901707172394,
0.32843017578125,
-0.05090860277414322,
0.43894606828689575,
0.7617563009262085,
-0.64404296875,
0.22486290335655212,
0.03959362208843231,
0.23162841796875,
-0.2750338017940521,
0.11994171142578125,
-0.17644089460372925,
0.2173696607351303,
0.22192618250846863,
-0.11102999001741409,
0.45346304774284363,
-0.2010498046875,
-0.022100595757365227,
0.10541006177663803,
-0.14790286123752594,
0.2354959398508072,
-0.18064998090267181,
-0.1381765455007553,
-0.3105844259262085,
-0.10765662789344788,
-0.7095102071762085,
0.020565327256917953,
-0.18275012075901031,
0.779371976852417,
-0.06416643410921097,
0.2746206521987915,
0.502366304397583,
0.2623807489871979,
0.01705463044345379,
0.04016817361116409,
0.407967209815979,
0.20519080758094788,
0.11702889949083328,
-0.3604360818862915,
0.08510413765907288,
0.21120980381965637,
0.21571232378482819,
0.21814757585525513,
0.5317195057868958,
-0.05932147800922394,
-0.21612313389778137,
-0.16915424168109894,
0.06925670802593231,
0.30419686436653137,
-0.10866605490446091,
-0.15348933637142181,
0.3775634765625,
-0.21619591116905212,
-0.14484229683876038,
0.06402235478162766,
-0.14382699131965637,
0.6016751527786255,
0.3702298700809479,
0.14149156212806702,
0.4624774754047394,
0.5060096383094788,
0.4287015497684479,
0.0067884004674851894,
-0.23837515711784363,
-0.08834369480609894,
0.593580961227417,
0.23999962210655212,
0.10478386282920837,
-0.15773361921310425,
0.16396771371364594,
-0.18080726265907288,
0.05178598314523697,
-0.4019681513309479,
-0.3307588994503021,
0.3896014988422394,
0.4866473972797394,
-0.3449331521987915,
-0.5757023692131042,
0.25619742274284363,
-0.006373772397637367,
0.2854238748550415,
-0.1645939201116562,
-0.33539289236068726,
0.29870134592056274,
0.001556396484375,
-0.14694096148014069,
0.006938640959560871,
0.4128074645996094,
-0.16131122410297394,
-0.2919880747795105,
-0.701585054397583,
0.42534929513931274,
0.4295184910297394,
-0.1436183601617813,
-0.36030930280685425,
-0.25181931257247925,
-0.20811344683170319,
0.5167518258094788,
0.12195058912038803,
0.59423828125,
0.2581247091293335,
-0.06755517423152924,
0.12391544878482819,
0.14836707711219788,
0.5049954652786255,
0.49447867274284363,
0.3968599736690521,
0.07397046685218811,
-0.00014202411693986505,
0.004389249254018068,
-0.2405019849538803,
-0.6229905486106873,
0.09941922873258591,
0.23729999363422394,
0.565842866897583,
-0.04851708188652992,
-0.012726123444736004,
-0.17701369524002075,
0.07208545506000519,
0.19737830758094788,
0.512282133102417,
0.5598801970481873,
-0.04515779763460159,
0.10965494066476822,
0.5430626273155212,
0.08338575810194016,
0.20030330121517181,
0.38352614641189575,
-0.2722637355327606,
-0.02472980134189129,
0.062457744032144547,
0.6850961446762085,
0.29872483015060425,
0.21776874363422394,
-0.10022500902414322,
0.03619355335831642,
0.24482139945030212,
-0.09103158861398697,
0.17788344621658325,
0.584303617477417,
-0.1551595777273178,
-0.4249173700809479,
0.245330810546875,
0.46371695399284363,
-0.23358623683452606,
0.1251250058412552,
0.30234938859939575,
-0.16531459987163544,
0.274658203125,
0.29318472743034363,
-0.025559645146131516,
-0.010964613407850266,
-0.054526109248399734,
0.7019981741905212,
0.11975801736116409,
0.478515625,
-0.21352913975715637,
0.26448410749435425,
-0.028589101508259773,
-0.31731706857681274,
0.07118342816829681,
0.28005746006965637,
0.022517314180731773,
0.774338960647583,
-0.3264535665512085,
0.011138916015625,
0.18134483695030212,
0.0100860595703125,
0.08957378566265106,
0.06450770795345306,
0.32086652517318726,
-0.12009136378765106,
-0.5421142578125,
-0.4590970575809479,
0.34756234288215637,
0.27426382899284363,
-0.4195462763309479,
-0.052229661494493484,
0.06106332689523697,
-0.19880558550357819,
0.046100322157144547,
0.17449364066123962,
0.11127838492393494,
0.15534855425357819,
0.5849797129631042,
-0.04577871412038803,
0.736328125,
-0.06165192648768425,
-0.07829988747835159,
0.4641864597797394,
0.07286658883094788,
-0.05917182192206383,
0.3126690089702606,
-0.3619830906391144,
0.014674260281026363,
0.16515585780143738,
-0.27351731061935425,
-0.3714599609375,
-0.13257481157779694,
0.111541748046875,
0.21952937543392181,
-0.2811748683452606,
0.029544830322265625,
0.010752164758741856,
0.18032719194889069,
0.49802809953689575,
0.40609976649284363,
0.040722187608480453,
0.08703260868787766,
0.09008777886629105,
0.27375558018684387,
0.42223650217056274,
-0.15887451171875,
-0.3148193359375,
0.30674096941947937,
0.31210562586784363,
0.011060274206101894,
0.08236812055110931,
0.1531655639410019,
-0.31328874826431274,
-0.03647085279226303,
0.28164437413215637,
-0.32241585850715637,
-0.1649903506040573,
0.546217679977417,
0.20348739624023438,
-0.007285485044121742,
0.3676288425922394,
0.22423377633094788,
0.005347618833184242,
0.13155892491340637,
0.2797147333621979,
0.5153855681419373,
0.18523934483528137,
0.38681265711784363,
-0.3235238790512085,
0.06998150050640106,
0.12474647164344788,
0.3398906886577606,
-0.07329618185758591,
0.3280498683452606,
0.09288846701383591,
-0.23452994227409363,
-0.03016369231045246,
-0.18191763758659363,
-0.4008413553237915,
0.06131216138601303,
0.3456362187862396,
0.2805774509906769,
-0.40380859375,
0.32505446672439575,
0.08597036451101303,
-0.10475980490446091,
-0.18176738917827606,
-0.17535869777202606,
0.36325308680534363,
0.3063005208969116,
-0.1612466722726822,
-0.016852159053087234,
-0.18740493059158325,
0.030129065737128258,
0.20901724696159363,
0.5699744820594788,
-0.3302471339702606,
-0.08340571820735931,
-0.022141676396131516,
0.20872379839420319,
-0.06155982241034508,
-0.16984206438064575,
0.27878043055534363,
-0.20067420601844788,
0.24618999660015106,
-0.5747633576393127,
0.2778414189815521,
0.320412278175354,
-0.06384981423616409,
-0.38656851649284363,
-0.30197203159332275,
0.3337261378765106,
0.3024198114871979,
0.17816397547721863,
0.3242586553096771,
-0.45192307233810425,
0.07514131814241409,
0.25128173828125,
0.23829063773155212,
0.6019381284713745,
0.19558951258659363,
-0.09650245308876038,
0.37685921788215637,
0.4024564325809479,
-0.10347043722867966,
0.10789764672517776,
-0.2809964716434479,
-0.5217472910881042,
0.3296273946762085,
-0.2755889892578125,
-0.10070537030696869,
-0.28452712297439575,
1.134502649307251,
0.24873176217079163,
0.34456223249435425,
-0.08732414245605469,
-0.2801607549190521,
-0.11442390084266663,
-0.15740966796875,
0.29098746180534363,
0.13209651410579681,
0.83740234375,
0.05177541822195053,
0.22212101519107819,
0.09849489480257034,
-0.0061243497766554356,
-0.016328884288668633,
0.269775390625,
-0.24399039149284363,
0.24857506155967712,
-0.11349956691265106,
0.1951974779367447,
0.4684964716434479,
0.033702850341796875,
-0.03163821995258331,
-0.016876220703125,
0.06881244480609894,
-0.22477370500564575,
-0.17479881644248962,
0.19506366550922394,
0.3905498683452606,
0.042941752821207047,
0.29498761892318726,
-0.15305855870246887,
0.2998798191547394,
0.7800105214118958,
0.40212777256965637,
0.36330825090408325,
0.4969013035297394,
-0.11759596318006516,
-0.36181640625,
0.4250863790512085,
-0.21586257219314575,
-0.08062157034873962,
0.25303298234939575,
0.0939669981598854,
-0.41349440813064575,
-0.2931283712387085,
0.05871494114398956,
-0.31747671961784363,
0.008425199426710606,
0.38848406076431274,
0.42283278703689575,
0.3094106912612915,
-0.001495361328125,
0.5318509340286255,
0.3527456521987915,
-0.15225455164909363,
-0.713059663772583,
-0.21900352835655212,
-0.1732330322265625,
0.06675250828266144,
0.12864039838314056,
0.07110361009836197,
-0.046339914202690125,
-0.19365046918392181,
-0.5112210512161255,
-0.39531999826431274,
-0.10550205409526825,
-0.1830596923828125,
-0.11791288107633591,
0.15978768467903137,
0.3401348292827606,
-0.04365245997905731,
0.13334773480892181,
0.6994065642356873,
0.5726036429405212,
0.6456580758094788,
3.963341236114502,
0.018914736807346344,
0.42666390538215637,
0.10525865107774734,
-0.05809490382671356,
0.28515625,
0.1793142408132553,
-0.17365089058876038,
0.08964479714632034,
-0.041509922593832016,
-0.17185622453689575,
0.2577156722545624,
-0.034450236707925797,
0.1664510816335678,
-0.2953632175922394,
0.275390625,
0.21739314496517181,
-0.009319305419921875,
0.16836445033550262,
0.35435134172439575,
-0.1927337646484375,
0.2914569675922394,
0.28280875086784363,
0.28560346364974976,
0.20320481061935425,
-0.4014798700809479,
-0.08605722337961197,
0.4046114385128021,
0.604323148727417,
0.196807861328125,
0.14601486921310425,
-0.10588029772043228,
0.3050630986690521,
0.037616729736328125,
-0.6981295347213745,
0.3701312839984894,
0.3221341669559479,
0.15669368207454681,
-0.14259807765483856,
-0.17191725969314575,
-0.3737041652202606,
-0.26183611154556274,
0.09251521527767181,
0.49014046788215637,
-0.014862060546875,
-0.2406255304813385,
-0.47216796875,
0.2941800653934479,
0.08828471601009369,
0.4337064325809479,
0.7181490659713745,
-0.24194805324077606,
-0.07758096605539322,
-0.4693134129047394,
0.29758864641189575,
0.523681640625,
0.29298752546310425,
0.10885502398014069,
0.0968129113316536,
-0.085794597864151,
0.36418503522872925,
-0.11378596723079681,
-0.2054581344127655,
0.06192996725440025,
-0.19696044921875,
0.16545486450195312,
-0.05798838660120964,
0.28618913888931274,
0.5032864809036255,
-0.11384758353233337,
0.30747634172439575,
0.25271371006965637,
0.036362867802381516,
-0.6141075491905212,
-0.12253834307193756,
0.1294790357351303,
-0.5929049253463745,
0.13851693272590637,
0.17625896632671356,
0.07913164049386978,
0.0012600237969309092,
-0.19177715480327606,
0.14708556234836578,
0.38198617100715637,
0.2551738917827606,
0.31196829676628113,
0.21900822222232819,
-0.5029860138893127,
0.4332744777202606,
-0.13488006591796875,
0.34812575578689575,
-0.289794921875,
0.3565767705440521,
0.7036508321762085,
-0.07524695992469788,
0.15815852582454681,
0.24064518511295319,
-3.989633321762085,
0.12422532588243484,
0.08932407200336456,
-0.10952054709196091,
0.22676438093185425,
-0.03327145799994469,
0.07337658107280731,
-0.04193819314241409,
-0.11485877633094788,
0.2641132175922394,
0.23848196864128113,
0.26583626866340637,
-0.21094219386577606,
0.4324199855327606,
0.3988882303237915,
0.22887244820594788,
0.0008650559466332197,
0.002244215691462159,
0.6603816151618958,
-0.07826713472604752,
0.42844802141189575,
0.30175545811653137,
0.3199462890625,
-0.03490888327360153,
0.29909807443618774,
0.059828538447618484,
0.3295123875141144,
-0.24024845659732819,
0.04184165224432945,
-0.09108675271272659,
0.13446162641048431,
0.4697265625,
0.49618765711784363,
-0.1704477220773697,
0.17671790719032288,
0.4992581903934479,
0.44199782609939575,
-0.10213294625282288,
0.06658803671598434,
-0.16679617762565613,
-0.22259052097797394,
-0.29314714670181274,
0.35515886545181274,
0.20632347464561462,
-0.12465257197618484,
0.440673828125,
-0.5137094259262085,
0.17353233695030212,
-0.38882210850715637,
0.146861732006073,
0.5968862771987915,
0.0073093450628221035,
0.03214528039097786,
0.06712077558040619,
0.3308950662612915,
-0.1247904822230339,
0.14548110961914062,
0.29410025477409363,
0.723707914352417,
0.24846237897872925,
0.19064800441265106,
-0.024344883859157562,
0.18514412641525269,
0.212535560131073,
0.13797055184841156,
0.18125270307064056,
0.11181758344173431,
0.1483999341726303,
0.05102850869297981,
-0.2905813455581665,
0.18223102390766144,
0.20907828211784363,
0.07015352696180344,
-0.4005596339702606,
0.22170785069465637,
0.03715265542268753,
0.0032991261687129736,
0.0036497849505394697,
0.3618023097515106,
0.2563335597515106,
0.1278158277273178,
-0.08008546382188797,
-0.2570706903934479,
0.114990234375,
2.184345006942749,
0.34884878993034363,
2.280498743057251,
0.192047119140625,
0.31330811977386475,
0.015695791691541672,
-0.25341561436653137,
-0.18027672171592712,
0.2601787745952606,
0.41720816493034363,
0.7090970277786255,
0.12907291948795319,
-0.2432016283273697,
0.3426983058452606,
-0.2780010402202606,
0.13232891261577606,
0.1358724683523178,
-0.9158372282981873,
0.6641188263893127,
0.004207904450595379,
0.16058349609375,
0.12898387014865875,
-0.11846454441547394,
-0.004331148695200682,
-0.06710346043109894,
-0.2745455205440521,
-0.07071626931428909,
0.13150963187217712,
0.10174678266048431,
-0.08623798191547394,
-0.08245614916086197,
0.3761455714702606,
0.46852463483810425,
-0.11248309910297394,
0.383533775806427,
-0.023883819580078125,
-0.08794490993022919,
4.750300407409668,
0.5355506539344788,
-0.09410799294710159,
-0.021478505805134773,
0.4837740361690521,
0.23071318864822388,
-0.04877648130059242,
0.11776410788297653,
-0.010401652194559574,
-0.13318458199501038,
0.45143479108810425,
0.5950833559036255,
-0.01583627611398697,
-0.02818826586008072,
-0.14747032523155212,
0.26049569249153137,
-0.06840001791715622,
0.23641380667686462,
0.24383075535297394,
0.33823806047439575,
0.04214946925640106,
0.07880849391222,
0.23976252973079681,
-0.23002976179122925,
0.11239389330148697,
0.29600173234939575,
0.167194664478302,
-0.19830264151096344,
-0.12105149775743484,
0.1901063174009323,
0.1886722892522812,
5.456430435180664,
0.06100640073418617,
-0.045025136321783066,
-0.26398175954818726,
0.3200777471065521,
0.47763296961784363,
-0.45119065046310425,
-0.35752516984939575,
-0.033893290907144547,
-0.05895056948065758,
0.2624910771846771,
-0.16373971104621887,
0.011450841091573238,
0.3353341817855835,
-0.39071419835090637,
0.035735681653022766,
-0.402587890625,
-0.5110802054405212,
0.12118559330701828,
-0.10619882494211197,
0.4661020040512085,
-0.18460024893283844,
0.25216910243034363,
-0.4873798191547394,
-0.17244133353233337,
0.058582011610269547,
0.02764657884836197,
-0.08266742527484894,
-0.38762956857681274,
-0.3843524754047394,
0.642164945602417,
0.11545503884553909,
-0.42087027430534363,
0.19046489894390106,
-0.06094184145331383,
0.019842881709337234,
-0.04065869376063347,
0.20342782139778137,
0.3627260625362396,
-0.15542133152484894,
0.2278677076101303,
0.8024714589118958,
-0.6744666695594788,
0.09055034816265106,
0.18601754307746887,
0.20250056684017181,
-0.13320687413215637,
-0.00913238525390625,
0.026442160829901695,
-0.0705581083893776,
0.539870023727417,
-0.27277082204818726,
0.832594633102417,
0.18290024995803833,
0.038158122450113297,
0.10862291604280472,
-0.34901779890060425,
0.11597266793251038,
0.37994384765625,
-0.1772226244211197,
0.045264024287462234,
0.10524221509695053,
-0.029732337221503258,
0.1734839230775833,
0.46826171875,
0.2574932277202606,
0.07375629246234894,
0.05623567849397659,
0.4485238790512085,
-0.1343071311712265,
-0.07026275992393494,
-0.21160419285297394,
0.26674240827560425,
0.6205115914344788,
0.05588062107563019,
0.12480281293392181,
0.1352468580007553,
-0.5267052054405212,
0.041734106838703156,
0.13030800223350525,
-0.11097541451454163,
-0.04152210056781769,
-0.134521484375,
0.19690704345703125,
0.23779296875,
-0.169586181640625,
-0.09929422289133072,
-0.4266451299190521,
0.09502821415662766,
0.01114669255912304,
0.3527738153934479,
-0.27670052647590637,
-0.29679518938064575,
0.8862680196762085,
-0.018265357241034508,
0.15761154890060425,
0.3085561990737915,
0.0478668212890625,
-0.11274836957454681,
0.4325045049190521,
-0.13540488481521606,
0.0482025146484375,
-0.038872938603162766,
-0.03107159025967121,
0.1676565259695053,
-0.2802734375,
-0.25366681814193726,
0.017297891899943352,
0.026902418583631516,
-0.21998009085655212,
0.48090070486068726,
0.302276611328125,
0.13803569972515106,
0.07161536812782288,
0.08754671365022659
] |
2043
|
Who theorized the social self?
|
[
{
"docid": "42400#5",
"text": "George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) developed a theory of social behaviorism to explain how social experience develops an individual's self-concept. Mead's central concept is the self: It is composed of self-awareness and self-image. Mead claimed that the self is not there at birth, rather, it is developed with social experience. Since social experience is the exchange of symbols, people tend to find meaning in every action. Seeking meaning leads us to imagine the intention of others. Understanding intention requires imagining the situation from the others' point of view. In effect, others are a mirror in which we can see ourselves. Charles Horton Cooley (1902-1983) coined the term looking glass self, which means self-image based on how we think others see us. According to Mead the key to developing the self is learning to take the role of the other. With limited social experience, infants can only develop a sense of identity through imitation. Gradually children learn to take the roles of several others. The final stage is the generalized other, which refers to widespread cultural norms and values we use as a reference for evaluating others.",
"title": "Socialization"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "7715915#3",
"text": "The proposition of social learning was expanded upon and theorized by Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura. Bandura, along with his students and colleagues conducted a series of studies, known as the Bobo doll experiment, in 1961 and 1963 to find out why and when children display aggressive behaviors. These studies demonstrated the value of modeling for acquiring novel behaviors. These studies helped Bandura publish his seminal article and book in 1977 that expanded on the idea of how behavior is acquired, and thus built from Miller and Dollard's research. In Bandura's 1977 article, he claimed that Social Learning Theory shows a direct correlation between a person's perceived self-efficacy and behavioral change. Self-efficacy comes from four sources: \"performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states\".",
"title": "Social cognitive theory"
},
{
"docid": "403012#4",
"text": "Graves theorized that in response to the interaction of external conditions with internal neuronal systems, humans develop new bio-psycho-social coping systems to solve existential problems and cope with their worlds. These coping systems are dependent on evolving human culture and individual development, and they are manifested at the individual, societal, and species levels. He believed that tangible, emergent, self-assembling dynamic neuronal systems evolved in the human brain in response to evolving existential and social problems. He theorized \"man's nature is not a set thing, that it is ever emergent, that it is an open system, not a closed system.\" This open-endedness set his approach apart from many of his contemporaries who sought a final state, a nirvana, or perfectibility in human nature. His inclusion of the bio-, psycho-, social, and systems theory as vital co-elements also described an inclusive point of view that continues developing today.",
"title": "Clare W. Graves"
},
{
"docid": "333826#23",
"text": "Mead theorized that human beings begin their understanding of the social world through \"play\" and \"game\". \"Play\" comes first in the child's development. The child takes different roles he/she observes in \"adult\" society, and plays them out to gain an understanding of the different social roles. For instance, he first plays the role of policeman and then the role of thief while playing \"Cops and Robbers,\" and plays the role of doctor and patient when playing \"Doctor.\" As a result of such play, the child learns to become both subject and object and begins to become able to build a self. However, it is a limited self because the child can only take the role of distinct and separate others, they still lack a more general and organized sense of themselves.",
"title": "George Herbert Mead"
},
{
"docid": "39704#11",
"text": "Quentin Skinner has argued that several critical modern innovations in contract theory are found in the writings from French Calvinists and Huguenots, whose work in turn was invoked by writers in the Low Countries who objected to their subjection to Spain and, later still, by Catholics in England. Francisco Suárez (1548–1617), from the School of Salamanca, might be considered an early theorist of the social contract, theorizing natural law in an attempt to limit the divine right of absolute monarchy. All of these groups were led to articulate notions of popular sovereignty by means of a social covenant or contract, and all of these arguments began with proto-\"state of nature\" arguments, to the effect that the basis of politics is that everyone is by nature free of subjection to any government.",
"title": "Social contract"
},
{
"docid": "2503967#6",
"text": "Social representations should neither be equated with relatively stable collective representations, nor should they be confused with individual, cognitive representations. This has been elaborated by several authors who contributed to the theory: Gerard Duveen and Barbara Lloyd emphasized the articulation of the individual and the collective in micro-genetic processes of socialization, Wolfgang Wagner theorized about the role of action and social interaction in the construction of social representations, and Sandra Jovchelovitch proposed to regard social representations as a space in-between, at the cross-roads between the individual and society that is the public sphere, that links objects, subjects and activities. Most authors agree that social representations are dynamic elements of knowledge that depend on social conflict and dispute to originate and that have a history of elaboration and change over time. Bauer & Gaskell integrate this view in their formal model relating three elements: subjects, or carriers of the representation; an object, activity, or idea that is represented; and a project of a social group within which the representation makes sense. This conceptualisation is known as the toblerone model of social representations.",
"title": "Social representation"
},
{
"docid": "10977439#3",
"text": "Niklas Luhmann was a prominent sociologist and social systems theorist who laid the foundations of modern social system thought. He based his definition of a \"social system\" on the mass network of communication between people and defined society itself as an \"autopoietic\" system, meaning a self-referential and self-reliant system that is distinct from its environment. Luhmann considered social systems as belonging to three categories: societal systems, organizations, and interaction systems. Luhmann considered societal systems, such as religion, law, art, education, science, etc., to be closed systems consisting of different fields of interaction. Organizations were defined as a network of decisions which reproduce themselves; his definition is difficult to apply in terms of finding a real-world example. Finally, interaction systems are systems that reproduce themselves on the basis of communication rather than decision making.",
"title": "Social system"
},
{
"docid": "22742719#7",
"text": "In 2012, Hood published his second popular science book \"The Self Illusion: Why there is no 'you' inside your head\" (published under the alternative title \"The Self Illusion: How the social brain creates identity\" in America). In this book, he argues that the human sense of self is a construct of the brain which facilitates experiencing and interacting with the world. \"Who we are,\" Hood writes, \"is a story of our self − a constructed narrative that our brain creates\". Bruce uses a \"a distinction that William James drew between the self as \"I\" and \"me.\" Our consciousness of the self in the here and now is the \"I\" and most of the time, we experience this as being an integrated and coherent individual – a bit like the character in the story. The self which we tell others about, is autobiographical or the \"me\" which again is a coherent account of who we think we are based on past experiences, current events and aspirations for the future.\"",
"title": "Bruce Hood (psychologist)"
},
{
"docid": "333826#18",
"text": "A final piece of Mead's social theory is the mind as the individual importation of the social process. Mead states, \"The self is a social process,\" meaning that there are series of actions that go on in the mind to help formulate one's complete self. As previously discussed, Mead presented the self and the mind in terms of a social process. As gestures are taken in by the individual organism, the individual organism also takes in the collective attitudes of others, in the form of gestures, and reacts accordingly with other organized attitudes. This process is characterized by Mead as the \"I\" and the \"Me\". The \"Me\" is the social self and the \"I\" is the response to the \"Me.\" In other words, the \"I\" is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others, while the \"me\" is the organized set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.",
"title": "George Herbert Mead"
},
{
"docid": "190908#10",
"text": "In 2012, Eliot Bates of Cornell University approached the topic of the ethnomusicological study of musical instruments by focusing specifically on what he terms “the social life of musical instruments”.Bates argues that “‘the social’ has not been adequately studied and theorized because of a paucity of attention given to how social relations are mobilized around material objects and the thing-power that they possess.” Essentially, Bates states that material objects often hold significant social value. It is important to study the object not necessarily for the sake of categorization or understanding the way that it is played or how it works but the meaning that it holds for the musician and the audience.",
"title": "Organology"
},
{
"docid": "11291009#0",
"text": "Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.",
"title": "Social identity theory"
},
{
"docid": "11291009#1",
"text": "Social identity theory is described as a theory that predicts certain intergroup behaviours on the basis of perceived group status differences, the perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the perceived ability to move from one group to another. This contrasts with occasions where the term \"social identity theory\" is used to refer to general theorizing about human social selves. Moreover, and although some researchers have treated it as such, social identity theory was never intended to be a general theory of social categorization. It was awareness of the limited scope of social identity theory that led John Turner and colleagues to develop a cousin theory in the form of self-categorization theory, which built on the insights of social identity theory to produce a more general account of self and group processes. The term social identity \"approach\", or social identity \"perspective\", is suggested for describing the joint contributions of both social identity theory and self-categorization theory. Social identity theory suggests that an organization can change individual behaviors if it can modify their self-identity or part of their self-concept that derives from the knowledge of, and emotional attachment to the group.",
"title": "Social identity theory"
},
{
"docid": "11291009#17",
"text": "Some social identity theorists, including John Turner, consider the self-esteem hypothesis as not canonical to social identity theory. In fact, the self-esteem hypothesis is argued to be conflictual with the tenets of the theory. It is argued that the self-esteem hypothesis misunderstands the distinction between a social identity and a personal identity. Along those lines, John Turner and Penny Oakes argue against an interpretation of positive distinctiveness as a straightforward need for self-esteem or \"quasi-biological drive toward prejudice\". They instead favour a somewhat more complex conception of positive self-concept as a reflection of the ideologies and social values of the perceiver. Additionally, it is argued that the self-esteem hypothesis neglects the alternative strategies to maintaining a positive self-concept that are articulated in social identity theory (i.e., individual mobility and social creativity).",
"title": "Social identity theory"
}
] |
[
0.3232286274433136,
0.1055365651845932,
-0.284332275390625,
0.2521430253982544,
0.10471047461032867,
0.1274973601102829,
0.4080132246017456,
-0.3449978232383728,
0.0957268625497818,
0.18539640307426453,
-0.1340145468711853,
-0.3113335371017456,
-0.5414496660232544,
0.5291883945465088,
-0.4893934428691864,
-0.1179707869887352,
0.5057780146598816,
-0.3435465395450592,
-0.1114773228764534,
0.6541340947151184,
0.1301472932100296,
0.2510850727558136,
-0.6082356572151184,
0.1705491840839386,
0.2580702006816864,
0.04521433636546135,
-0.4264322817325592,
0.2046237587928772,
0.0667622908949852,
0.4576822817325592,
0.3076036274433136,
-0.1316867470741272,
-0.04463450238108635,
0.3236592710018158,
-0.3805474042892456,
0.17004309594631195,
0.3974609375,
0.0051371254958212376,
-0.0745273157954216,
0.5147297978401184,
-0.012171532958745956,
0.2000935822725296,
-0.2259724885225296,
-0.036616429686546326,
0.1796976774930954,
0.1386769562959671,
0.1188303604722023,
-0.3109809160232544,
-0.1261528879404068,
-0.5291883945465088,
-0.3146158754825592,
-0.07211388647556305,
-0.3039415180683136,
-0.1937188059091568,
-0.6463215947151184,
0.4727918803691864,
0.27767691016197205,
0.2796257734298706,
0.2658962607383728,
0.3231879472732544,
0.3890787661075592,
-0.04337151721119881,
-0.16251924633979797,
0.2582058310508728,
0.0595567487180233,
0.08331298828125,
-0.02326371893286705,
0.2021145224571228,
0.0893622487783432,
0.3045993447303772,
0.2275865375995636,
0.2856648862361908,
0.34228515625,
0.0753631591796875,
-0.0632375106215477,
-0.1824883371591568,
-0.2934705913066864,
0.4283582866191864,
0.3400336503982544,
0.034332275390625,
0.7414279580116272,
-0.1614312082529068,
0.0622406005859375,
0.8467339277267456,
0.1863352507352829,
0.4893392026424408,
-0.1433902382850647,
0.24822998046875,
0.0820855051279068,
0.2479519248008728,
0.0278133824467659,
0.2255418598651886,
0.04054175317287445,
0.2027994841337204,
0.0992499440908432,
0.6971299648284912,
0.3005235493183136,
-0.3616400957107544,
-0.01648627407848835,
-0.1625027060508728,
-0.025761498138308525,
-0.2562934160232544,
-0.3241373598575592,
0.3190036416053772,
0.011884476989507675,
-0.3145548403263092,
0.0578935407102108,
0.02817704901099205,
0.2294108122587204,
0.2301703542470932,
0.0764431431889534,
-0.2289191335439682,
-0.1221669539809227,
0.3211568295955658,
-0.1097785085439682,
0.1158633753657341,
0.25922563672065735,
0.09630923718214035,
-0.0484890416264534,
-0.7057291865348816,
0.4538031816482544,
0.3317192792892456,
-0.2983669638633728,
-0.19351281225681305,
-0.1872575581073761,
0.1996358186006546,
0.490234375,
-0.1591101735830307,
0.5206434726715088,
0.4557291567325592,
-0.5341389775276184,
0.4037272036075592,
0.6194390058517456,
0.5511610507965088,
0.3425360918045044,
0.7169053554534912,
0.0902353897690773,
0.2110799103975296,
0.3682454526424408,
-0.21120113134384155,
-0.2013888955116272,
0.2027960866689682,
-0.0352817103266716,
0.5997450351715088,
-0.2130669504404068,
-0.0197465680539608,
-0.2956814169883728,
0.0667894184589386,
0.1421407014131546,
0.3051011860370636,
0.023765988647937775,
0.3019917905330658,
-0.1847262978553772,
0.4483235776424408,
-0.339111328125,
-0.0550367571413517,
0.2296244353055954,
-0.1228366419672966,
0.0255126953125,
0.1246100515127182,
0.7665744423866272,
0.38427734375,
0.2870686948299408,
-0.0034417046699672937,
0.2310587614774704,
-0.017303042113780975,
-0.5037705898284912,
0.2402411550283432,
0.4367133378982544,
-0.4114990234375,
-0.1721903532743454,
0.2661811113357544,
0.5760633945465088,
-0.05021319165825844,
0.2469957172870636,
-0.0067005157470703125,
0.009769015945494175,
-0.2237006276845932,
0.24760903418064117,
0.051401350647211075,
0.3551432192325592,
0.1601833701133728,
0.3917507529258728,
0.2176649272441864,
0.4689670205116272,
0.4765353798866272,
0.0715671107172966,
-0.13199107348918915,
-0.12770134210586548,
0.2946438193321228,
-0.015929751098155975,
-0.3174980878829956,
0.8627387285232544,
0.01608785055577755,
0.0735422745347023,
0.1232164204120636,
-0.12567350268363953,
0.5081923007965088,
0.0413106270134449,
0.5033366084098816,
-0.0374111607670784,
-0.1079305037856102,
-0.3403455913066864,
0.276611328125,
0.1170450821518898,
-0.4709337055683136,
0.0049726697616279125,
-0.3048638105392456,
-0.3594021201133728,
0.008565266616642475,
0.0596516914665699,
-0.02910698764026165,
0.3760104775428772,
0.3958875834941864,
0.1451076865196228,
0.0748935267329216,
-0.1178114116191864,
-0.0873667374253273,
0.4449462890625,
0.018639246001839638,
-0.2530381977558136,
0.5149196982383728,
-0.1124674454331398,
0.0202170480042696,
-0.1468455046415329,
-0.2159864604473114,
-0.11655913293361664,
-0.2292548269033432,
0.02327643521130085,
-0.01515324879437685,
0.2711452841758728,
-0.013051350601017475,
0.0865766704082489,
-0.11571630090475082,
-0.16534423828125,
0.3531087338924408,
0.2734375,
0.2066785991191864,
0.02121819369494915,
0.08456505835056305,
0.3945041298866272,
0.5535752773284912,
-0.0593024343252182,
-0.0581936314702034,
0.2716742753982544,
-0.1551259309053421,
0.43726858496665955,
-0.15332286059856415,
-0.1513943076133728,
-0.2511054277420044,
0.025474973022937775,
-0.2117496132850647,
-0.08682971447706223,
0.2148912250995636,
-0.11502795666456223,
0.2593926191329956,
0.0850423201918602,
0.0518866628408432,
-0.3103858232498169,
0.0267215296626091,
0.0325334332883358,
0.4103732705116272,
0.4671359658241272,
0.4504123330116272,
-0.4532606303691864,
-0.1161990687251091,
0.5040961503982544,
0.4241536557674408,
0.2803514301776886,
0.3739284873008728,
0.17486572265625,
-0.0965830460190773,
0.01613532193005085,
-0.1081915944814682,
-0.34716796875,
-0.017110612243413925,
0.2485181987285614,
-0.02999369241297245,
-0.3522813618183136,
0.3231607973575592,
0.61962890625,
0.0457288958132267,
-0.1411675363779068,
0.1674329936504364,
0.08058317005634308,
0.1363660991191864,
0.244842529296875,
0.09758949279785156,
0.1248609721660614,
-0.1643812358379364,
0.1908840537071228,
0.4887966513633728,
-0.0763702392578125,
-0.4673665463924408,
-0.1507670134305954,
0.4654269814491272,
-0.12855741381645203,
-0.1910213828086853,
0.1905585378408432,
-0.0339575856924057,
0.4977756142616272,
-0.4722900390625,
-0.14348278939723969,
0.6639540195465088,
0.11764611303806305,
-0.492919921875,
-0.01674736849963665,
0.2994028627872467,
-0.2585584819316864,
-0.08217069506645203,
0.4467078447341919,
-0.2999945878982544,
-0.2331068217754364,
0.5346137285232544,
0.4003363847732544,
0.3589273989200592,
0.2251247763633728,
-0.0082227922976017,
0.6103515625,
0.2118326872587204,
-0.0882568359375,
-0.1022067591547966,
-0.3207465410232544,
0.0335540771484375,
0.0465087890625,
-0.3055691123008728,
0.0326826311647892,
-0.2254096120595932,
0.3910726010799408,
0.4506971538066864,
0.5512966513633728,
-0.00849066860973835,
-0.00470818392932415,
0.0461256243288517,
-0.02490912564098835,
-0.00274658203125,
-0.0016335381660610437,
0.2249348908662796,
0.0424279123544693,
-0.1528286337852478,
-0.20249663293361664,
-0.014753129333257675,
-0.02227359265089035,
0.3752712607383728,
0.0229017473757267,
-0.1128302663564682,
-0.07629352062940598,
-0.2324879914522171,
0.2469618022441864,
0.1201324462890625,
0.2002970427274704,
0.2260606586933136,
0.1261393278837204,
0.1860419362783432,
-0.091033935546875,
-0.11736636608839035,
0.8330620527267456,
0.1544528603553772,
0.3091091513633728,
-0.2654486894607544,
-0.0377061627805233,
0.2885606586933136,
0.528564453125,
-0.00379541190341115,
0.2292277067899704,
0.1773749440908432,
-0.155670166015625,
-0.0548417828977108,
0.1788058876991272,
0.2513902485370636,
-0.0214046910405159,
0.25537109375,
-0.08447265625,
-0.01839081384241581,
-0.2629936933517456,
0.09158706665039062,
-0.0708228200674057,
0.4810384213924408,
0.6171875,
0.1408420205116272,
0.10766516625881195,
0.5712077021598816,
0.4351399838924408,
0.2093234658241272,
-0.1561923623085022,
-0.0756666362285614,
0.12320666760206223,
-0.1254611611366272,
0.0484686940908432,
0.19873046875,
0.1457061767578125,
0.03736771643161774,
-0.2983534038066864,
0.055872175842523575,
0.0773400217294693,
-0.20209544897079468,
-0.009206135757267475,
0.2882486879825592,
-0.0466800257563591,
0.0799696147441864,
0.3149142861366272,
0.4615071713924408,
0.1794501394033432,
0.3286404013633728,
4.23350715637207,
0.1018083393573761,
0.0831146240234375,
-0.0489756278693676,
-0.1115366593003273,
0.1981302946805954,
0.2352973073720932,
-0.5227864384651184,
0.06748538464307785,
-0.0507473424077034,
-0.050253551453351974,
0.1688435822725296,
-0.06825447082519531,
0.4486083984375,
0.01480950228869915,
0.3607042133808136,
-0.0028025310020893812,
0.1322903037071228,
-0.012348387390375137,
0.3343099057674408,
-0.42138671875,
0.35888543725013733,
0.2833167314529419,
0.015218098647892475,
0.2198079377412796,
0.1392822265625,
0.7623698115348816,
0.2307230681180954,
0.3857286274433136,
0.4624294638633728,
0.4593099057674408,
-0.3952365517616272,
0.3516845703125,
-0.13514286279678345,
-0.7756890058517456,
0.1802944540977478,
0.3092380166053772,
0.1708950400352478,
0.2008056640625,
0.00655280239880085,
-0.4150390625,
-0.1955769807100296,
-0.11455101519823074,
0.3829210102558136,
-0.1164381206035614,
-0.3443603515625,
0.0803392231464386,
0.3158230185508728,
0.33050537109375,
0.06533220410346985,
0.2417534738779068,
-0.1490749716758728,
-0.2169867604970932,
-0.0378350168466568,
0.3157958984375,
0.6399196982383728,
0.1461181640625,
0.2908935546875,
0.07032924145460129,
-0.2937825620174408,
-0.3776177167892456,
-0.0891689732670784,
0.3579881489276886,
-0.2232462614774704,
-0.1658257395029068,
-0.1918606162071228,
0.0175298061221838,
0.3987223207950592,
0.2165425568819046,
-0.1062554270029068,
0.71435546875,
0.3166232705116272,
0.2553914487361908,
-0.4565972089767456,
0.1895480751991272,
0.025841183960437775,
-0.0815683975815773,
-0.2387424111366272,
-0.1973554790019989,
-0.2293497771024704,
-0.01976860873401165,
0.0293121337890625,
-0.1451483815908432,
0.014965904876589775,
-0.1153276264667511,
0.4501139223575592,
0.2815077006816864,
-0.6711696982383728,
0.2905137836933136,
0.1818779855966568,
0.1929117888212204,
-0.0786946639418602,
0.2458767294883728,
0.044934168457984924,
0.1318681538105011,
0.11812591552734375,
0.1846923828125,
-4.021701335906982,
0.1872355192899704,
0.2054172158241272,
-0.0005955166416242719,
0.1967909038066864,
0.0742577463388443,
0.037558238953351974,
0.5242377519607544,
-0.1439107209444046,
0.2498372346162796,
-0.08149252831935883,
0.2933349609375,
-0.1885172575712204,
0.5025227665901184,
0.1563364714384079,
0.07577218115329742,
0.59130859375,
0.0203221645206213,
0.3694254457950592,
-0.1525438129901886,
0.1072998046875,
0.0302259661257267,
0.1884443461894989,
-0.357696533203125,
0.4807535707950592,
-0.0537245012819767,
0.4602593183517456,
-0.2599283754825592,
-0.1322292685508728,
0.014821370132267475,
-0.1788397878408432,
0.2919379472732544,
0.7114800214767456,
-0.2549031674861908,
0.2046237587928772,
0.3342691957950592,
-0.0154571533203125,
0.03200541436672211,
0.4618869423866272,
0.2495930939912796,
0.0354037806391716,
0.1300269216299057,
0.0216954555362463,
-0.1425442099571228,
0.3159586489200592,
0.4275987446308136,
-0.1534457802772522,
-0.08473268896341324,
-0.1794874370098114,
-0.04379601031541824,
0.27396562695503235,
0.4994845986366272,
-0.09581121057271957,
0.272216796875,
0.4829643964767456,
-0.0934312641620636,
0.050440046936273575,
0.2315402626991272,
0.2592298686504364,
0.3997802734375,
0.06170654296875,
0.2517666220664978,
0.1804029643535614,
0.1394127756357193,
0.3061998188495636,
-0.05222659558057785,
0.5962456464767456,
0.3756103515625,
0.1762763112783432,
-0.1934475302696228,
0.5808919072151184,
0.3041178286075592,
0.2438676655292511,
-0.1598171591758728,
-0.019548416137695312,
0.2318556010723114,
-0.3251546323299408,
-0.5332573652267456,
0.6950954794883728,
0.30918630957603455,
0.1231723353266716,
0.09278763830661774,
-0.5604926347732544,
0.2788764238357544,
2.568359375,
0.1656867116689682,
2.2350261211395264,
0.7046440839767456,
0.0036722819786518812,
0.2407514750957489,
-0.4130316972732544,
0.0190870501101017,
0.1085900217294693,
-0.4254014790058136,
0.11352623999118805,
0.04843902587890625,
-0.2714775800704956,
-0.1435072124004364,
0.006036864593625069,
0.06928719580173492,
0.3804117739200592,
-0.9883083701133728,
-0.2255113422870636,
-0.3681877851486206,
0.3880750834941864,
-0.3772650957107544,
-0.1695217490196228,
0.2521158754825592,
0.1368764191865921,
-0.16153886914253235,
-0.3375244140625,
-0.024726442992687225,
0.2166476845741272,
0.06108812615275383,
-0.0468733049929142,
0.2119310200214386,
0.27685546875,
-0.0903710275888443,
0.1911790668964386,
0.2590738832950592,
0.011738247238099575,
4.687933921813965,
0.0440097376704216,
-0.0274183489382267,
0.0008205837802961469,
0.1799570769071579,
0.2549167275428772,
0.2900797426700592,
-0.1044548898935318,
-0.3420003354549408,
-0.1704440712928772,
-0.02083502896130085,
0.2588636577129364,
-0.2223849892616272,
0.2847696840763092,
0.11391109973192215,
0.3193359375,
0.109405517578125,
0.1179775670170784,
0.2088182270526886,
0.2421502023935318,
0.1942003071308136,
-0.0196414515376091,
0.3015768229961395,
-0.0639767125248909,
-0.2319301962852478,
0.06353378295898438,
-0.1219007670879364,
-0.0362650565803051,
-0.0406731516122818,
0.17715570330619812,
-0.16781657934188843,
5.390191078186035,
-0.0586310476064682,
0.3919542133808136,
0.011937035247683525,
-0.1972724050283432,
0.1078999862074852,
-0.2729424238204956,
-0.0629306361079216,
-0.13947422802448273,
-0.1554836630821228,
0.1248745396733284,
-0.0611029714345932,
-0.0062111746519804,
-0.1859113872051239,
0.2586534321308136,
0.1689775288105011,
-0.1408013254404068,
0.01201629638671875,
0.1224568709731102,
0.07250213623046875,
0.4479438066482544,
-0.1367713063955307,
0.3812662661075592,
-0.3367784321308136,
-0.3578016459941864,
0.3807779848575592,
0.1655612587928772,
0.0696614608168602,
-0.12526194751262665,
-0.4902886152267456,
0.2131483256816864,
0.3823513388633728,
-0.3655599057674408,
0.2977294921875,
0.09956847131252289,
-0.0081787109375,
0.3879665732383728,
0.20489501953125,
0.2046644389629364,
-0.2092963308095932,
0.1830512136220932,
0.483642578125,
0.03115336038172245,
0.0466579869389534,
-0.1730940043926239,
-0.06152258813381195,
-0.2987060546875,
0.010501014068722725,
0.1659427285194397,
0.2825249433517456,
0.0823771134018898,
0.0770026296377182,
1.1502279043197632,
0.0080125592648983,
-0.0628119558095932,
0.2017924040555954,
-0.4121975302696228,
-0.1214396134018898,
-0.05441369116306305,
0.2345513254404068,
0.6573350429534912,
0.0782419815659523,
-0.2127956748008728,
0.2323743999004364,
0.4502224326133728,
0.1908094584941864,
0.2693956196308136,
-0.2460394948720932,
0.7711588740348816,
-0.1518724262714386,
-0.5766330361366272,
0.1645304411649704,
0.047699399292469025,
0.0856967493891716,
0.1396687775850296,
-0.3134901225566864,
0.3368394672870636,
-0.07321039587259293,
-0.0666486918926239,
0.24595387279987335,
-0.3462320864200592,
0.012326558120548725,
-0.3369276225566864,
-0.0617404505610466,
-0.0023515489883720875,
-0.4130181074142456,
-0.2041219025850296,
-0.1418592631816864,
0.0818006694316864,
0.008419460617005825,
0.1960923969745636,
-0.18877919018268585,
0.037445068359375,
0.6326497197151184,
0.1288384348154068,
0.1300693154335022,
0.1639133095741272,
0.6452365517616272,
-0.0639241561293602,
0.3919135332107544,
-0.4000006914138794,
0.3685438334941864,
-0.03348710760474205,
0.2626817524433136,
0.1786770224571228,
-0.0732167586684227,
0.5995822548866272,
-0.14121416211128235,
-0.2794189453125,
0.1650034636259079,
0.4603135883808136,
0.0021527607459574938,
0.05764124169945717,
-0.09540387988090515,
-0.04190678149461746
] |
2044
|
When did Final Fantasy Type-0 come out?
|
[
{
"docid": "5069239#15",
"text": "In 2008, it was decided to make \"Type-0\" a PSP exclusive, cancelling the mobile version of the game as the developers did not want to wait for mobile technology to reach a level which could handle their full vision for the game. Full development began that year by the same team who developed \"Crisis Core\", but was again slowed as most of them were completing work on \"The 3rd Birthday\". Because of these conflicting projects, \"Type-0\" came close to being cancelled outright. Between 2009 and 2011, the title was changed to distance it from \"Final Fantasy XIII\", since after the platform change the two games had little in common other than their shared mythos. One of the titles considered and rejected was \"Final Fantasy Live\", referring to the game's multiplayer element. The new title, \"Final Fantasy Type-0,\" was intended to indicate the game's separation from the main series. It was also the beginning of an alternative numbering system parallel to the main series. The game made its first official public appearance under the new title at the Square Enix 1st Production Department Premier in Tokyo, along with a new trailer that was released to the public on January 27, 2011.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Type-0"
},
{
"docid": "5069239#13",
"text": "\"Final Fantasy Type-0\" was originally titled \"Final Fantasy Agito XIII\", envisioned as a game for mobile devices. It was conceived in 2005 as part of \"Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy\", a subseries of \"Final Fantasy\" games linked by a common mythos. \"Agito XIII\" was the final original \"Fabula Nova Crystallis\" game to be created. The decision to make it a mobile game was based on the popularity of \"\". Hajime Tabata, who contributed to the \"Fabula Nova Crystallis\" mythos, was searching for a new project after finishing \"Before Crisis\" and became the game's director. \"Before Crisis\" producer Kosei Ito acted as producer before his move to Capcom prior to 2009. Beginning development in 2006, it was first announced at that year's Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3). It was said to offer on-the-go access to the \"Fabula Nova Crystallis\" universe, using gameplay functions exclusive to mobile phones of the time. The concept was to deliver a game for mobile platforms equivalent to a console game from the main \"Final Fantasy\" series, and to make it available in its entirety upon release rather than in episodic format.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Type-0"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "43215647#3",
"text": "The original scenario and concept of \"Final Fantasy Type-0\", originally a mobile title named \"Final Fantasy Agito XIII\", was conceived by Hajime Tabata. He wished for a group-driven story as he felt that a single playable character would not be able to properly convey the scope and themes of the story. Because Tabata wanted to show a history of survival told from the point of view of young people caught in a war, it was decided to set the story during a war between four nations. Much of the original story, which mainly revolved about defying the gods, was drawn from popular anime and manga and did not survive. After the platform change to PlayStation Portable, Tabata adopted a story-telling style similar to a documentary film: a direct inspiration for this was \"Centuries of Picture\", a documentary series broadcast on NHK. Alongside that, multiple war films were used as inspiration. \"Type-0\"s script was written by Hiroki Chiba and Sarah Okabe. During the rough draft stage, elements such as extra plot points involving Khalia Chival, a boss fight with Arecia, and a main plot thread involving Joker and Tiz were planned. Most of these elements were cut from the final product, meaning elements such as Joker and Tiz's role needed to be included in written texts found in-game so they were not left hanging. The deaths of Class Zero were planned from an early stage, and to emphasize the state of the world, a large number of the supporting cast were killed off near the end. Tabata wanted to create a story depicting different fates for \"Type-0\"s characters, and this decision was supported by both staff members and fans of the original. He also implemented the ability for players to decide the course of the story, which was to have been included in the \"Type-0\" when it was still known as \"Agito XIII\". \"Final Fantasy Agito\" was given a more upbeat atmosphere when compared to \"Type-0\", although dark and more dramatic moments were still present. The story grew out of what Tabata originally envisioned for \"Type-0\".",
"title": "Characters of the Final Fantasy Type-0 universe"
},
{
"docid": "5069239#30",
"text": "While working on \"Final Fantasy XV\", Tabata decided to make a high-definition remaster of \"Type-0\" for eighth-generation consoles. Developed by Square Enix and HexaDrive, \"Final Fantasy Type-0 HD\" was originally announced at E3 2014, and released worldwide in March 2015. After \"Type-0\"s release, Tabata stated in an interview that he wished to explore the distant history of Orience after the events of the game. Trademarks for \"Type-1\", \"Type-2\" and \"Type-3\" were registered shortly after the \"Type-0\" trademark, but it was suggested that they were simply a protective measure. During interviews given in 2014, Tabata commented that he wished to work on \"Type-1\" after completing \"XV\", and later explained the conceptual \"Type\" series as a means of publishing \"Final Fantasy\" games too experimental for the main series. He hoped to continue with the \"Type\" series if \"Type-0 HD\" was commercially successful.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Type-0"
},
{
"docid": "5069239#29",
"text": "\"Type-0\" affected several other works in multiple ways. During its development, several staff members and voice actors who had worked on \"Final Fantasy X\" reunited. Their meeting triggered the development of \"Final Fantasy X/X-2 HD Remaster\". In the September 2013 issue of \"Famitsu Weekly\", Square Enix revealed \"Final Fantasy Agito\", an online companion game to \"Type-0\" for iOS and Android mobile devices. The game was released in May 2014, and a localization was announced alongside that of \"Type-0\". Its servers were closed down in November 2015, with its localization being cancelled as a result. A new online game set in the \"Type-0\" universe, \"Final Fantasy Awakening\", released in Asian and English-speaking territories between 2016 and 2018.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Type-0"
},
{
"docid": "40513519#11",
"text": "The idea for \"Final Fantasy Agito\" originated with the early origins of \"Type-0\". Originally, \"Type-0\" was a game for mobiles titled \"Final Fantasy Agito XIII\", but eventually changed platforms and title. \"Type-0\"s director Hajime Tabata still liked the \"Agito\" title and the original concepts for the game, which included an episodic storyline that hinged on player choice and day-night cycles linked to real-world time. With this in mind, Tabata decided to revisit it and began development of \"Agito\": eventually, they settled on smartphones as the release platform of choice, partly because the platforms' progress since \"Type-0\" started development. One of Tabata's wishes for the title was that players unfamiliar with \"Type-0\" would download and play it. Development on the game began in September 2012. During development, Tabata considered \"Type-0\" to have become the prototype for \"Agito\", although it did not share much with its predecessor. The game's story grew out of what he originally conceived for \"Agito XIII\" before it evolved into \"Type-0\". In contrast to \"Type-0\"s dark and serious storyline, the team decided to give \"Agito\" a lighter atmosphere, although serious dramatic scenes were still present. Along with returning staff, mobile developer Tayutau K. K. helped with development. The previous game's level designer, Masayasu Nishida, returned to direct, and original character texture artist Sayako Hoshino became art director. To create the characters' portrait animations for the smartphone environment, the team used Silicon Studio's Motion Portrait middleware. The game was developed using the Unity engine. The game's designer was Kensuke Shimoda, an industry veteran who had experience with Unity, and was in charge of designing the game's battle system. His involvement with the game ended after its release.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Agito"
},
{
"docid": "46496464#10",
"text": "A commercial Blu-ray release for \"Type-0 HD\"s soundtrack, \"Final Fantasy Type-0 HD Original Soundtrack\", was released on March 25, 2015. It includes the entire soundtrack, the newly composed tracks, tracks from \"Final Fantasy Agito\" and ten bonus MP3 tracks selected by Ishimoto from his previous work as a \"Best of Collection\". The Blu-ray album reached #189 in the Oricon charts, and remained in the charts for one week. The album, and music in general, have received positive comments from music critics and reviewers of the game.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Type-0 HD"
},
{
"docid": "5070173#15",
"text": "\"Agito XIII\" and \"Versus XIII\" both began production in 2006. By 2008, \"Agito XIII\" had been moved onto the PlayStation Portable, then later renamed \"Final Fantasy Type-0\". The stated reason for the change of title was that \"Final Fantasy XIII\" and \"Type-0\" shared little besides the core mythos. The title change also resulted in the \"XIII\" numeral being dropped from the series title as it \"would have been an issue\". Late in its development, \"Final Fantasy XIII\" also changed from being an exclusive when an Xbox 360 version was announced, significantly delaying its release. A port for Microsoft Windows was considered, but not followed up due to platform-specific concerns and the company's view of the video game market. Later, \"Final Fantasy XIII\" and its sequels would receive PC ports through Steam. As early as 2007, Square Enix considered re-branding \"Versus XIII\" as a numbered entry in the main series due to the rapidly growing scale of the project. The game was eventually re-branded in 2011. As part of its later marketing, \"Final Fantasy XV\" was deliberately distanced from the \"Fabula Nova Crystallis\" brand to remove the consequent limitation on their target audience, although lore and design elements were retained. The game was also moved fully onto eighth generation consoles and developed using the company's new Luminous Studio engine. The PS3 version was abandoned due to concerns about the console's continued viability. \"Type-0\"s western release was delayed due to the flagging PSP market in western territories. A high-definition port to the same platforms as \"Final Fantasy XV\" was co-developed by Square Enix and HexaDrive, and was eventually announced for a western release.",
"title": "Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy"
},
{
"docid": "5070173#1",
"text": "The series, originally announced in 2006 as \"Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy XIII\", currently consists of seven games across multiple platforms. \"Final Fantasy XIII\", designed as the series' flagship title, was released in 2009. The creative forces behind the series include many developers from previous \"Final Fantasy\" titles, including Shinji Hashimoto and Motomu Toriyama. The mythos was conceived and written by Kazushige Nojima. The first games announced for the series were \"Final Fantasy XIII\", \"Final Fantasy XV\" (as \"Versus XIII\"), and \"Final Fantasy Type-0\" (as \"Agito XIII\"). All three games went through delays. After \"Final Fantasy XIII\" and \"Type-0\"s releases, their respective teams used ideas and concepts from development to create additional games. For later games, other studios have been brought in to help with aspects of development. \"Final Fantasy XV\" was distanced from the series brand for marketing purposes despite retaining thematic connections.",
"title": "Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy"
},
{
"docid": "5069306#26",
"text": "Initially announced in 2006 alongside \"XIII\" and \"Type-0\", the game was publicly rebranded at the 2013 Electronic Entertainment Expo, with regular updates on the title beginning the following year. A demo titled \"Final Fantasy XV: Episode Duscae\" was released in March 2015 as a limited addition to \"Final Fantasy Type-0 HD\". The game's localization was handled by Dan Inoue, who used different accents for characters to denote their origins on different parts of Eos. In addition to English, Japanese and European languages, the game was localized for Latin America with Latin American Spanish and Brazilian Portuguese text: this was the first time a \"Final Fantasy\" title was localized into these languages.",
"title": "Final Fantasy XV"
},
{
"docid": "43215647#0",
"text": "\"Final Fantasy Type-0\", an action role-playing game developed and published by Square Enix in 2011, revolves around a war between four nations in the world of Orience. An episodic companion game, \"Final Fantasy Agito\", was released in 2014. \"Type-0\" was re-released internationally in 2015 as a high-definition remaster for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The main protagonists are Class Zero, a group of students at the magical academy in Rubrum. The story is told through two new members of Class Zero: Machina Kunagiri and Rem Tokimiya. The main character of \"Agito\" is a player-created cadet at the Rubrum magical academy. The world and characters were designed by Yusuke Naora, Yusaku Nakaaki and Tetsuya Nomura. Their stories were created by Hajime Tabata, Hiroki Chiba and Sarah Obake.",
"title": "Characters of the Final Fantasy Type-0 universe"
},
{
"docid": "5069239#1",
"text": "The game was originally announced as a title for mobile phones and the PSP called It was directed by Hajime Tabata, who took up the project after completing \"\". Initially designed to provide players with easy access to the \"Fabula Nova Crystallis\" universe, the mobile version was eventually cancelled and the game's title was changed to distance it from the subseries' flagship title \"Final Fantasy XIII\". Releasing to strong sales, it received praise for its story and gameplay, but was criticized for its camera control and artificial intelligence. Further games related to \"Type-0\" have also been developed, including a high definition remaster that released internationally in March 2015.\n\"Final Fantasy Type-0\" is an action role-playing video game in which the player controls the 14 members of Class Zero, who are sent on missions across Orience. Outside environments such as the Vermillion Peristylium (Class Zero's home base) and dedicated missions, the game world of Orience is navigated via a scaled-down world map. Class Zero are sent on missions across Orience during the course of the game. The player initially travels to preset destinations in the world on an airship supplied by the Peristylium, but gains their own airship to freely navigate the world map with after defeating a powerful enemy guarding it. The main gameplay is presented in a mission-based structure. The two types of missions encountered are story-based missions, and \"Practice\" missions, which act as side-quests. During missions, optional orders are issued which can be obeyed or ignored as the player chooses. Should they be accepted, the characters receive a temporary power boost, and completing the objectives yields rewards. Players can also engage in real-time strategy battles on the world map, with the player taking control of allied military divisions. Missions involve liberating cities and towns from enemy forces. Timed aerial missions are also available where the characters shoot down attacking dragons using their airship's weapons.",
"title": "Final Fantasy Type-0"
}
] |
[
0.5103963017463684,
0.181976318359375,
-0.053226470947265625,
0.2039387971162796,
-0.2650350034236908,
0.2947794497013092,
0.7628173828125,
-0.3165384829044342,
0.2858072817325592,
0.3057149350643158,
-0.30543264746665955,
-0.06649573892354965,
-0.09874089807271957,
-0.15426890552043915,
-0.05523395538330078,
-0.22045771777629852,
0.6495768427848816,
0.0914255753159523,
0.13262557983398438,
0.2114664763212204,
0.12462552636861801,
0.4724324643611908,
-0.0635325089097023,
-0.02503204345703125,
-0.12084070593118668,
-0.054953496903181076,
-0.12739181518554688,
0.47808837890625,
0.10396003723144531,
0.4482828676700592,
0.302825927734375,
-0.21075439453125,
-0.2069295197725296,
0.451141357421875,
-0.6668701171875,
0.14677684009075165,
0.1602783203125,
-0.015923181548714638,
-0.04304663464426994,
0.13511021435260773,
-0.12704722583293915,
-0.1903432160615921,
0.19826698303222656,
-0.24053192138671875,
0.7729899287223816,
0.16929753124713898,
0.14663060009479523,
-0.1920674592256546,
0.16181118786334991,
-0.12124093621969223,
-0.2012074738740921,
0.0015021016588434577,
-0.2759195864200592,
-0.4349466860294342,
-0.30206298828125,
0.6740519404411316,
-0.39312744140625,
0.227325439453125,
-0.04885292053222656,
0.1153767928481102,
0.09297052770853043,
-0.15221118927001953,
-0.2607015073299408,
-0.016627391800284386,
-0.29995474219322205,
0.23476409912109375,
0.131439208984375,
0.22216796875,
0.2256317138671875,
0.0012448629131540656,
-0.1440684050321579,
0.4641316831111908,
0.6047566533088684,
0.08484077453613281,
-0.01328300405293703,
-0.0804646834731102,
-0.17279434204101562,
0.6321207880973816,
0.2676798403263092,
-0.33660888671875,
0.59466552734375,
-0.5758056640625,
-0.16042709350585938,
0.047021228820085526,
-0.21851348876953125,
0.4046427309513092,
0.0217463169246912,
0.14207585155963898,
0.2020111083984375,
0.2360890656709671,
0.12560780346393585,
0.09812736511230469,
0.032044727355241776,
0.22545750439167023,
-0.2708028256893158,
0.68841552734375,
-0.05414009094238281,
-0.13170497119426727,
-0.10596529394388199,
-0.410430908203125,
0.06806659698486328,
-0.358642578125,
-0.08660761266946793,
0.3800913393497467,
0.0102081298828125,
-0.368438720703125,
-0.3990071713924408,
0.2684732973575592,
0.17259471118450165,
0.5601399540901184,
-0.0670572891831398,
-0.3050537109375,
0.11749903112649918,
-0.013033549301326275,
0.4039713442325592,
0.2434895783662796,
0.3816019594669342,
-0.2342325896024704,
-0.26129022240638733,
-0.4547220766544342,
0.5904541015625,
0.2632853090763092,
-0.3512369692325592,
-0.08799806982278824,
-0.2268473356962204,
-0.575714111328125,
0.763427734375,
0.147216796875,
0.5234578251838684,
0.1735585480928421,
0.3434956967830658,
0.1649017333984375,
0.5699259638786316,
0.7177734375,
-0.15561993420124054,
-0.10478655248880386,
0.00714429235085845,
0.19608180224895477,
-0.20031102001667023,
0.038321178406476974,
-0.2378438264131546,
0.05536564067006111,
0.14959843456745148,
0.4220466613769531,
-0.09751709550619125,
-0.021991172805428505,
0.0794474259018898,
0.5748087763786316,
0.00811894703656435,
0.2918294370174408,
0.6227009892463684,
0.03517341613769531,
-0.3467000424861908,
0.50201416015625,
0.15113957226276398,
0.15839894115924835,
0.3174336850643158,
0.2613881528377533,
-0.2469990998506546,
0.3643798828125,
0.7614338994026184,
0.2632649838924408,
-0.06640497595071793,
-0.3239695131778717,
0.337677001953125,
0.1073099747300148,
-0.13131172955036163,
0.4031880795955658,
0.6580810546875,
0.02977752685546875,
-0.2749532163143158,
0.3957366943359375,
0.0983734130859375,
-0.08550262451171875,
0.06978988647460938,
0.2435099333524704,
-0.3015238344669342,
-0.11429214477539062,
0.3786519467830658,
0.053419750183820724,
0.2129414826631546,
0.03173828125,
0.294360488653183,
0.10646692663431168,
0.5772705078125,
0.13085556030273438,
0.03070608712732792,
-0.30055999755859375,
-0.1969197541475296,
0.17079925537109375,
0.13803355395793915,
-0.085479736328125,
0.6316731572151184,
0.04527537152171135,
-0.04841868206858635,
0.2128855437040329,
-0.009579976089298725,
0.20559947192668915,
-0.026222705841064453,
-0.05152447894215584,
-0.3217976987361908,
-0.0023320515174418688,
-0.0694580078125,
0.2422383576631546,
0.40399169921875,
-0.21574147045612335,
-0.350555419921875,
0.3281776010990143,
-0.3702189028263092,
0.026747385039925575,
-0.3901163637638092,
0.1043650284409523,
0.1623067855834961,
0.1893717497587204,
0.0687662735581398,
0.7335612177848816,
-0.2088979035615921,
0.028845468536019325,
0.4564208984375,
0.22941970825195312,
-0.16673915088176727,
0.3442891538143158,
-0.051177978515625,
-0.26825714111328125,
0.1828765869140625,
-0.2667643129825592,
-0.019286155700683594,
-0.628173828125,
0.04963338375091553,
0.2782541811466217,
0.5528564453125,
0.13812129199504852,
-0.15555064380168915,
-0.15012741088867188,
0.05709393694996834,
0.08930587768554688,
0.016905784606933594,
-0.2700093686580658,
0.02321879006922245,
-0.23377354443073273,
0.055492717772722244,
0.3061116635799408,
-0.23281924426555634,
0.0743611678481102,
0.2887776792049408,
-0.1948293000459671,
0.5082600712776184,
0.2176259309053421,
-0.08009616285562515,
0.18559010326862335,
0.18195390701293945,
-0.4268747866153717,
-0.025911012664437294,
0.3666890561580658,
-0.1355234831571579,
0.07598940283060074,
0.15538787841796875,
-0.3723500669002533,
0.077178955078125,
0.2544454038143158,
0.0212554931640625,
0.05349890515208244,
0.3285115659236908,
0.2318928986787796,
-0.03466637805104256,
-0.2242787629365921,
0.3394368588924408,
0.5652669072151184,
-0.3908894956111908,
0.040884654968976974,
0.5430501103401184,
-0.02151521109044552,
-0.04660002514719963,
0.6101887822151184,
-0.1107432022690773,
0.3123931884765625,
0.15548960864543915,
0.0012067159404978156,
-0.2028675079345703,
-0.21331214904785156,
0.2163798063993454,
-0.13619358837604523,
-0.05581601336598396,
-0.16562898457050323,
-0.02033233642578125,
0.2621408998966217,
0.002532958984375,
-0.2290089875459671,
0.06670442968606949,
-0.028999486938118935,
0.5796305537223816,
0.31884765625,
-0.14723587036132812,
0.0022951762657612562,
-0.1081136092543602,
0.3203481137752533,
0.14135169982910156,
-0.018718719482421875,
-0.14897537231445312,
-0.1900583952665329,
0.38922119140625,
-0.44464111328125,
0.4015401303768158,
0.46905517578125,
0.1630503386259079,
-0.024026235565543175,
-0.06646092981100082,
0.2443009614944458,
-0.24603016674518585,
-0.0304412841796875,
0.3620401918888092,
-0.6492512822151184,
0.03185558319091797,
0.45440673828125,
0.2294820100069046,
0.4644063413143158,
0.014455795288085938,
0.145782470703125,
0.8753662109375,
0.07709536701440811,
0.0829874649643898,
-0.47552490234375,
-0.4799601137638092,
-0.16447703540325165,
0.08445612341165543,
-0.5703938603401184,
0.1374969482421875,
-0.0583597831428051,
0.1298370361328125,
0.005480130668729544,
0.6199188232421875,
0.11712995916604996,
-0.1579640656709671,
-0.22333018481731415,
-0.14038164913654327,
0.1955108642578125,
0.144094780087471,
0.36016845703125,
-0.35195159912109375,
0.016407331451773643,
0.0580952949821949,
-0.166473388671875,
-0.2379252165555954,
0.4041544497013092,
0.15805943310260773,
-0.03462982177734375,
0.008364359848201275,
0.223388671875,
0.254852294921875,
0.1522420197725296,
0.5969035029411316,
-0.2813313901424408,
-0.2127532958984375,
0.08139244467020035,
0.1218571662902832,
0.3750966489315033,
-0.0051066079176962376,
-0.04796600341796875,
0.4320475161075592,
-0.04958852007985115,
0.5027262568473816,
0.0849965438246727,
0.4659830629825592,
0.0011709531536325812,
0.5849812626838684,
0.1368967741727829,
-0.2084197998046875,
0.20170338451862335,
-0.126861572265625,
0.4302266538143158,
0.2306365966796875,
0.2060038298368454,
0.1843719482421875,
0.05309231951832771,
0.0800221785902977,
-0.0036738712806254625,
0.088958740234375,
0.6849772334098816,
0.3765665590763092,
0.2969869077205658,
0.2636362612247467,
0.54345703125,
0.38836669921875,
0.13268788158893585,
-0.197479248046875,
-0.326202392578125,
-0.19450633227825165,
-0.21555328369140625,
0.09336026757955551,
-0.18301646411418915,
0.4329122006893158,
-0.2687784731388092,
0.05877431109547615,
-0.1782938688993454,
0.18232981860637665,
-0.1367747038602829,
-0.005507787223905325,
0.3096109926700592,
0.41766357421875,
-0.3859659731388092,
0.2252960205078125,
0.25177001953125,
0.2457987517118454,
0.3027750551700592,
4.125650882720947,
0.06857935339212418,
0.3241983950138092,
-0.04921897128224373,
-0.3819783627986908,
-0.11788877099752426,
0.0177281703799963,
0.17936451733112335,
-0.12401580810546875,
-0.032113391906023026,
0.2213389128446579,
0.4402262270450592,
0.017297903075814247,
0.6181437373161316,
-0.19515228271484375,
0.20416259765625,
0.51904296875,
0.08465576171875,
-0.12548382580280304,
0.2444864958524704,
-0.4115804135799408,
0.5257975459098816,
0.265380859375,
0.7374674677848816,
0.04686419293284416,
-0.09547042846679688,
0.15652211010456085,
-0.08690134435892105,
0.44757080078125,
0.3578389585018158,
0.4614461362361908,
-0.388641357421875,
0.13420486450195312,
-0.1797993928194046,
-0.79608154296875,
0.30438232421875,
0.14801883697509766,
0.30197206139564514,
0.24251048266887665,
0.11308225244283676,
-0.0931030884385109,
0.2535502016544342,
0.7432047724723816,
0.09496307373046875,
0.4151458740234375,
-0.2904256284236908,
-0.2469329833984375,
0.3264974057674408,
0.38836923241615295,
-0.10630670934915543,
0.3523763120174408,
-0.12402280420064926,
-0.1857198029756546,
-0.13976161181926727,
0.1843770295381546,
0.3548634946346283,
0.1668243408203125,
0.29105377197265625,
-0.1894073486328125,
0.03797944262623787,
0.2185312956571579,
-0.3445638120174408,
0.23842620849609375,
0.08018080145120621,
0.1214812621474266,
0.08612346649169922,
0.21116892993450165,
0.3919474184513092,
0.5138753056526184,
0.053676605224609375,
0.47882080078125,
0.3902181088924408,
0.5280558466911316,
-0.020029067993164062,
-0.1434224396944046,
-0.6363932490348816,
0.1669769287109375,
-0.051837604492902756,
-0.027624687179923058,
0.1563771516084671,
0.1460011750459671,
-0.4368082582950592,
0.2232004851102829,
0.1430765837430954,
0.007203856948763132,
0.5655517578125,
0.37005615234375,
-0.2094624787569046,
0.2916666567325592,
-0.1896464079618454,
0.313507080078125,
0.13397789001464844,
0.18685150146484375,
-0.24381382763385773,
0.2436625212430954,
0.05534617230296135,
-0.0396982841193676,
-3.98388671875,
0.3110758364200592,
-0.048913318663835526,
0.4687093198299408,
0.15763790905475616,
0.3737996518611908,
0.1927286833524704,
0.4579060971736908,
-0.43243408203125,
-0.08408991247415543,
-0.3225301206111908,
0.3723856508731842,
-0.24269866943359375,
0.2866007387638092,
0.013271331787109375,
0.23358409106731415,
0.16567356884479523,
-0.08658615499734879,
0.4630940854549408,
-0.1951090544462204,
0.061583757400512695,
0.1979471892118454,
0.20928955078125,
-0.2148946076631546,
0.1711241453886032,
-0.1879425048828125,
-0.21496836841106415,
-0.3601277768611908,
-0.02163918875157833,
0.08851274102926254,
-0.3250834047794342,
0.012949625961482525,
0.4522298276424408,
-0.2690328061580658,
0.08453623205423355,
0.4277140200138092,
0.4412638247013092,
-0.07448450475931168,
0.5815632939338684,
-0.05552418902516365,
-0.2699991762638092,
0.021774927154183388,
0.353912353515625,
-0.07583872228860855,
0.0422108955681324,
0.1982879638671875,
-0.41082763671875,
-0.030465444549918175,
-0.3438008725643158,
0.11985143274068832,
0.03401343151926994,
0.1144816055893898,
0.02173980139195919,
0.2051035612821579,
0.5246989130973816,
0.0332082100212574,
-0.17580921947956085,
0.3412577211856842,
0.1914825439453125,
0.06848398596048355,
0.2574056088924408,
0.442901611328125,
0.21209716796875,
0.13222567737102509,
0.13230323791503906,
-0.01596578024327755,
0.3786824643611908,
-0.11001455783843994,
-0.034353893250226974,
-0.0413970947265625,
-0.0999247208237648,
0.0745747908949852,
-0.04069431498646736,
-0.351898193359375,
0.08536084741353989,
-0.0706847533583641,
-0.3621419370174408,
0.3970743715763092,
0.3509317934513092,
-0.0181427001953125,
-0.08375167846679688,
0.045238494873046875,
-0.3642781674861908,
0.6532796025276184,
2.4253742694854736,
0.2001698762178421,
2.09375,
0.320892333984375,
-0.19095484912395477,
0.0986277237534523,
-0.5697224736213684,
0.16246795654296875,
0.2245330810546875,
-0.034877777099609375,
-0.24775950610637665,
0.2071218490600586,
0.1344858855009079,
0.20613034069538116,
0.04712677001953125,
-0.2823213040828705,
0.27655029296875,
-1.3450521230697632,
0.11529541015625,
-0.36224365234375,
-0.08278846740722656,
0.053330738097429276,
-0.26055908203125,
0.583282470703125,
0.3232320249080658,
-0.160003662109375,
-0.3288930356502533,
0.2143961638212204,
0.11198743432760239,
-0.40386962890625,
0.05268502235412598,
0.08310413360595703,
0.4044596254825592,
0.16948191821575165,
-0.18331082165241241,
0.1240437850356102,
-0.07260894775390625,
4.728515625,
-0.07273038476705551,
-0.01781177520751953,
-0.027369340881705284,
-0.10436693578958511,
0.44659423828125,
0.5145263671875,
-0.11743751913309097,
-0.12164529412984848,
-0.2431538850069046,
0.670654296875,
0.3705037534236908,
0.05697027966380119,
-0.10225105285644531,
-0.13483428955078125,
0.393402099609375,
-0.21688716113567352,
0.2970632016658783,
0.3505350649356842,
0.3698832094669342,
0.4854532778263092,
-0.008798599243164062,
0.2576751708984375,
-0.1296437531709671,
-0.18339665234088898,
0.2131245881319046,
0.0357564277946949,
-0.1312907487154007,
0.024301370605826378,
0.19393666088581085,
0.5412190556526184,
5.436197757720947,
0.016984304413199425,
0.02519989013671875,
-0.04982280731201172,
-0.18473052978515625,
0.03381283953785896,
0.2867889404296875,
0.2512766420841217,
-0.16418202221393585,
-0.07419300079345703,
-0.04282379150390625,
0.2519277036190033,
-0.2455393522977829,
0.04788637161254883,
-0.14151637256145477,
0.525146484375,
-0.203857421875,
0.043844062834978104,
0.294891357421875,
-0.2650146484375,
0.4116007387638092,
-0.3793741762638092,
0.2249094694852829,
-0.5347900390625,
-0.02236429788172245,
-0.4362691342830658,
-0.055047351866960526,
-0.0704142227768898,
0.212005615234375,
-0.2544148862361908,
0.1829477995634079,
0.7716471552848816,
-0.20285415649414062,
0.03115622140467167,
-0.42685064673423767,
0.5714518427848816,
0.08449554443359375,
0.16913287341594696,
0.544189453125,
-0.1899821013212204,
0.5147501826286316,
0.6891682744026184,
-0.4093017578125,
-0.5262858271598816,
-0.15033721923828125,
0.0236689243465662,
0.0628458634018898,
-0.184661865234375,
-0.3165384829044342,
0.2782185971736908,
-0.0179163608700037,
0.06914297491312027,
0.9659423828125,
0.4964599609375,
0.2167866975069046,
0.2144215852022171,
-0.2709909975528717,
0.6896769404411316,
-0.15982691943645477,
-0.12124379724264145,
0.2843221127986908,
0.09260813146829605,
-0.1626637727022171,
0.16915003955364227,
0.1866709440946579,
0.4261881411075592,
0.2648976743221283,
-0.12336476892232895,
0.5586344599723816,
-0.5598347783088684,
0.2523867189884186,
0.5494791865348816,
0.02711995504796505,
0.08836682885885239,
-0.022755304351449013,
0.33418527245521545,
0.2431996613740921,
-0.3073221743106842,
-0.09280268102884293,
0.052196502685546875,
0.021450042724609375,
-0.16690826416015625,
-0.2227427214384079,
0.1520334929227829,
0.3564961850643158,
-0.21321360766887665,
-0.5428059697151184,
-0.2339630126953125,
0.18177922070026398,
0.11123784631490707,
0.1824798583984375,
0.272369384765625,
-0.3657938539981842,
0.5193684697151184,
-0.10801569372415543,
0.3804117739200592,
0.45414480566978455,
0.315704345703125,
0.027350744232535362,
0.09953180700540543,
-0.2499980926513672,
0.32318115234375,
-0.008404414169490337,
0.13513565063476562,
0.220367431640625,
0.11682447046041489,
0.40771484375,
0.053482215851545334,
0.15749740600585938,
0.20916748046875,
0.5128173828125,
0.4085286557674408,
0.19157154858112335,
-0.3098958432674408,
0.026841798797249794
] |
2046
|
Which piece is Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych most famous for?
|
[
{
"docid": "1627866#32",
"text": "Mykola Leontovych specialised in a cappella choral music. He is remembered today mostly through the musical works he left behind, which include over 150 choral compositions. These range from artistic arrangements of folk songs, religious works (including his liturgy), cantatas, and choral compositions set to the words of various Ukrainian poets. His two most famous works are the choral miniatures \"Schedryk\" and \"Dudaryk\".",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1627866#0",
"text": "Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych (; sometimes spelt Leontovich; 23 January 1921) was a Ukrainian composer, choral conductor, and teacher of international renown. His music was inspired by Mykola Lysenko and the Ukrainian National Music School. Leontovych specialised in a cappella choral music, ranging from original compositions, to church music, to elaborate arrangements of folk music.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#35",
"text": "Mykola Leontovych's Shchedryk is his most well-known piece. In its English version as a Christmas carol, it is known as the holiday favourite \"Carol of the Bells\". It is famous for its four-note ostinato motif and has been arranged over 150 times since 2004. The original Ukrainian text of Shchedryk used hemiola, a shifting of accents within each measure between 6/8 and 3/4, which is lost in the English versions. The most popular English adaptation was composed in 1936 by Peter J Wilhousky who was influenced by the culture of his Eastern European parents and the traditional Christian story of carols ringing out at the birth of Jesus, although other English adaptations of the song were also made in 1947 by M. L. Holman, 1957, and 1972.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#15",
"text": "Leontovych's move to Tulchyn marked the beginning of a period of compositional maturity and major artistic achievements in the life of the composer. In Tulchyn, Leontovych taught vocal and instrumental music at the Tulchyn Eparchy Women's College to the daughters of village priests. There, he met composer Kyrylo Stetsenko who was a student of Mykola Lysenko and also specialised in choral music. Stetsenko lived in a nearby village at the time where he was working as a priest, and their acquaintance developed into a lasting friendship that influenced Leontovych's music. Stetsenko was the first critic of Leontovych's music, saying, \"Leontovych is a famous music expert from Podolia. He recorded many folk songs... These songs are harmonised for mixed choir. These harmonisations have revealed the author to be a great expert of both choral singing and theoretical studies\". Leontovych also transitioned to more renowned music during his choir performances, such as Russian composers Mikhail Glinka, Alexey Verstovsky, and Peter Tchaikovsky in addition to Ukrainian composers Mykola Lysenko, Kyrylo Stetsenko, and Petro Nishchynskyi.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#17",
"text": "This period in his career was among the most productive, as he created numerous choral arrangements. These included his famous \"Shchedryk\", as well as \"Піють півні\" (\"The Roosters are Singing\"), ' (\"A Mother had One Daughter\"), ' (\"Little Dudka Player\"), \"\" (\"Oh, the Star has Risen\"), amongst others. In 1914, Stetsenko convinced Leontovych to have his music performed by the student choir of the Kyiv University under the leadership of Alexander Koshetz. On 26 December 1916, the performance of his arrangement of \"Shchedryk\" brought Leontovych great success from the public in Kyiv and raised the interest of intellectuals.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#42",
"text": "The successful debut of \"Shchedryk\" earnt Leontovych popularity among specialists and fans of choral music in Kiev. Leontovych's mentor-turned-coworker at the Kiev Conservatory, Boleslav Yavorsky, also positively evaluated his newly written works. During another concert, Leontovych's \"Lehenda\", set to a poem by Mykola Voronyi, gained great popularity.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#34",
"text": "One of the largest influences in Mykola Leontovych's music is that of Mykola Lysenko, who is considered \"the father of Ukrainian classical music\". Leontovych admired Lysenko's music ever since he was a student at the Kamianets-Podilskyi Theological Seminary, when he had the seminary's choir perform the composer's music. Since then, he would perform Lysenko's music in concerts wherever he worked.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#3",
"text": "Mykola Leontovych was born on in the Monastyrok community, near the village of Selevyntsi, in the Podolia province of Ukraine (then a part of the Russian Empire). His father, grandfather, and great grandfather were village priests. His father, Dmytro Feofanovych Leontovych, was skilled at singing and playing cello, double bass, harmonium, violin, and guitar, in addition to directing a school choir. Leontovych received his first musical lessons from him. His mother, Mariya Yosypivna Leontovych, was also a singer.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#18",
"text": "During the October Revolution and the establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918, Leontovych relocated without his family to Ukraine's capital Kyiv, where he was active as both a conductor and composer. Several of his pieces gained popularity among professional and amateurs groups alike, who added them to their repertoire. In the beginning of 1919, the rest of his family also relocated to Kyiv. During this period, Leontovych also began teaching choir conducting alongside Hryhoriy Veryovka at the Kyiv Conservatory, and also taught at the Mykola Lysenko Institute of Music and Drama. Leontovych was one of the organisers of the first Ukrainian State Orchestra. He participated in the founding of the Ukrainian Republic Capella of which he was the commissioner.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
},
{
"docid": "1627866#1",
"text": "Leontovych was born and raised in the Podolia province of the Russian Empire (now in Ukraine). He was educated as a priest in the Kamianets-Podilskyi Theological Seminary and later furthered his musical education at the Saint Petersburg Court Capella and private lessons with Boleslav Yavorsky. With the independence of the Ukrainian state in the 1917 revolution, Leontovych moved to Kyiv where he worked at the Kyiv Conservatory and the Mykola Lysenko Institute of Music and Drama. He is recognised for composing \"Shchedryk\" in 1904 (which premiered in 1916), known to the English-speaking world as \"Carol of the Bells\" or \"Ring, Christmas Bells\". He is known as a martyr in the Eastern Orthodox Ukrainian Church, where he is also remembered for his liturgy, the first liturgy composed in the vernacular, specifically in the modern Ukrainian language. He was assassinated by a Soviet agent in 1921.",
"title": "Mykola Leontovych"
}
] |
[
0.4182807207107544,
-0.21813668310642242,
0.23117351531982422,
0.4275987446308136,
0.1242167130112648,
0.3589714765548706,
0.2566247582435608,
-0.3676486611366272,
0.07990042120218277,
0.5296766757965088,
-0.4165407717227936,
-0.4426540732383728,
-0.5451524257659912,
-0.024777518585324287,
-0.13564258813858032,
-0.014644410461187363,
0.6612820029258728,
0.4510023295879364,
0.1066402867436409,
0.24519984424114227,
-0.2040812224149704,
0.6083848476409912,
-0.4022759199142456,
-0.01145002618432045,
0.1695607453584671,
0.1723429411649704,
-0.18567869067192078,
-0.1882375031709671,
-0.07844098657369614,
0.5445963740348816,
0.1254986673593521,
-0.3148668110370636,
0.10808563232421875,
0.3164859414100647,
-0.3404141664505005,
0.14885711669921875,
-0.1080440953373909,
-0.4102308452129364,
-0.4185994565486908,
-0.20889928936958313,
0.007662879303097725,
-0.07556639611721039,
-0.031045278534293175,
-0.03817515820264816,
0.35690900683403015,
-0.08598242700099945,
-0.025733470916748047,
-0.2304653525352478,
-0.06898477673530579,
0.22340308129787445,
0.0286873709410429,
0.005833095870912075,
-0.1300693154335022,
-0.4269815981388092,
-0.5557725429534912,
0.4510565996170044,
-0.04612583667039871,
0.2758519947528839,
0.4239434003829956,
-0.023663626983761787,
0.3653768002986908,
0.006732516922056675,
-0.6876627802848816,
0.1609598845243454,
-0.1870676726102829,
-0.053481630980968475,
0.0558030866086483,
0.11044735461473465,
0.29937151074409485,
0.2647230327129364,
-0.0313856340944767,
0.7710232138633728,
0.5646430253982544,
0.1578453928232193,
0.4313015341758728,
-0.371673583984375,
0.3397793173789978,
-0.1944308876991272,
-0.1842413991689682,
0.04008621722459793,
0.5437079668045044,
0.2023891806602478,
0.0158072579652071,
0.2194502055644989,
0.11207972466945648,
0.5433620810508728,
-0.051828332245349884,
-0.22917133569717407,
0.1977488249540329,
0.3900010883808136,
0.0004177093505859375,
-0.0412004254758358,
0.2074635773897171,
-0.04351615905761719,
0.2773098349571228,
-0.3692457377910614,
0.3722262978553772,
-0.4666476845741272,
0.06292809545993805,
-0.12804920971393585,
0.437255859375,
-0.3086785078048706,
-0.12973107397556305,
-0.24809977412223816,
0.2345106303691864,
-0.2986518144607544,
0.042665787041187286,
0.28094780445098877,
-0.1867063343524933,
0.03437715023756027,
0.6659613847732544,
-0.3832736611366272,
-0.4301588237285614,
0.3510640561580658,
0.3066575825214386,
0.4274631142616272,
0.72015380859375,
-0.04833666607737541,
0.1157599538564682,
-0.4855550229549408,
0.09135521948337555,
0.3831041157245636,
-0.3842569887638092,
0.3729892373085022,
-0.0047033098526299,
-0.2805463969707489,
0.6893174648284912,
-0.17218726873397827,
0.5340712070465088,
-0.04233953729271889,
-0.3152817487716675,
0.0871209055185318,
0.4825626015663147,
0.7616645097732544,
0.28418561816215515,
0.07641983032226562,
0.3585340678691864,
-0.0576561838388443,
-0.17114003002643585,
-0.12375470995903015,
-0.17670461535453796,
0.05432043969631195,
-0.16259850561618805,
0.6779683232307434,
-0.025841183960437775,
0.1181691512465477,
-0.4744059145450592,
0.06511550396680832,
0.042213864624500275,
0.11671405285596848,
0.029681099578738213,
0.1062384694814682,
-0.2417721152305603,
0.6701117753982544,
0.2397749125957489,
-0.1288435161113739,
0.3877936601638794,
-0.12560060620307922,
-0.1823696494102478,
-0.0035722521133720875,
0.7241618037223816,
0.4978569746017456,
-0.051865894347429276,
-0.4167141318321228,
0.2110477089881897,
0.6606581211090088,
-0.2210184782743454,
0.5673285722732544,
0.2899407148361206,
-0.2656961977481842,
-0.13215726613998413,
-0.10074827075004578,
0.3990885317325592,
0.10421144962310791,
0.11763890832662582,
0.2647331953048706,
-0.08723703771829605,
0.25081074237823486,
-0.25125375390052795,
0.3957994282245636,
-0.0898415744304657,
0.2579616904258728,
0.14389176666736603,
-0.0014495849609375,
0.6277804970741272,
0.6204833984375,
-0.05355845391750336,
-0.0211368128657341,
-0.11241982877254486,
0.1968858540058136,
0.3289794921875,
-0.3597513735294342,
0.48469626903533936,
-0.1630028635263443,
-0.1035088449716568,
0.2786288857460022,
-0.6607123613357544,
0.4329969584941864,
-0.6344960331916809,
0.1622670441865921,
-0.060253143310546875,
0.4621310830116272,
-0.5706244707107544,
-0.012407938949763775,
0.5180392861366272,
-0.7645806074142456,
0.4715169370174408,
0.3012593686580658,
-0.15222761034965515,
0.057428572326898575,
-0.0406697578728199,
0.14970196783542633,
0.18310928344726562,
0.1000603586435318,
0.02591477520763874,
0.5116611123085022,
-0.1513332724571228,
-0.034377627074718475,
0.4260932207107544,
0.017699841409921646,
-0.2424214631319046,
0.7093098759651184,
0.0660909041762352,
-0.1942359060049057,
-0.2199825644493103,
-0.3058132529258728,
0.04382981359958649,
-0.04133690893650055,
-0.04255824536085129,
0.3291829526424408,
0.1991763710975647,
0.1946851909160614,
0.10444556176662445,
0.04383765161037445,
0.3986545205116272,
0.2762857973575592,
0.036551475524902344,
-0.2455410361289978,
0.03412013500928879,
0.12049780786037445,
0.01043658796697855,
0.377838134765625,
-0.1827595978975296,
0.2163490653038025,
0.5311957597732544,
-0.27950456738471985,
0.014972263015806675,
0.17737166583538055,
-0.2048695832490921,
0.15342670679092407,
0.01369159109890461,
-0.2443203330039978,
-0.0981547012925148,
-0.1312950998544693,
0.0264714565128088,
0.11993588507175446,
-0.24336403608322144,
-0.017915938049554825,
-0.17551718652248383,
-0.04086918383836746,
0.14212799072265625,
0.8084987998008728,
0.2100609689950943,
0.6651882529258728,
-0.6910264492034912,
-0.058713700622320175,
0.3139309287071228,
0.4142252504825592,
0.1248864084482193,
0.3205295205116272,
0.42342546582221985,
0.0635240375995636,
0.014077944681048393,
0.27480146288871765,
-0.09636349231004715,
-0.704961359500885,
0.4118313193321228,
0.29720646142959595,
-0.3515421450138092,
0.113739013671875,
0.3230912983417511,
0.050556182861328125,
-0.2169223427772522,
-0.05139181390404701,
0.17637379467487335,
0.6014217734336853,
-0.1812727153301239,
0.07201766967773438,
-0.6458740234375,
-0.019571516662836075,
0.3668009340763092,
0.3464151918888092,
-0.5773112177848816,
-0.2535381317138672,
0.05646112188696861,
0.1567111611366272,
0.1983303427696228,
-0.10464901477098465,
0.3239203691482544,
-0.0017411974258720875,
0.4835306704044342,
-0.3196851909160614,
0.23201200366020203,
0.6164686679840088,
0.4336615800857544,
-0.2429945170879364,
-0.5239902138710022,
-0.00526470597833395,
-0.1635606586933136,
0.3736470639705658,
0.09498914331197739,
-0.3455335795879364,
0.0066769919358193874,
0.44525146484375,
0.15323172509670258,
-0.003503905376419425,
0.4127570390701294,
0.3067270815372467,
0.3843722939491272,
0.07651233673095703,
0.1727057546377182,
-0.21964794397354126,
-0.4345703125,
-0.11527156829833984,
0.0367431640625,
-0.6626247763633728,
0.6209445595741272,
-0.3817681074142456,
0.4346737265586853,
0.018271127715706825,
0.3762122392654419,
-0.1471608430147171,
0.19452925026416779,
0.1298862099647522,
0.31890869140625,
0.3168809711933136,
-0.031928353011608124,
0.4411722719669342,
0.2089402973651886,
-0.3582560122013092,
-0.07608922570943832,
-0.045058462768793106,
0.11632241308689117,
0.3297390341758728,
-0.1482221782207489,
0.3037889301776886,
0.0670708566904068,
0.05927276611328125,
0.2255028635263443,
-0.07017771154642105,
0.2498236745595932,
0.00743950717151165,
-0.4035305380821228,
-0.16318638622760773,
0.15914365649223328,
-0.1064860001206398,
0.4431694746017456,
0.2697855532169342,
0.2620815634727478,
-0.19317626953125,
0.1852010041475296,
0.2832912802696228,
0.5052083134651184,
0.10021845251321793,
0.3645969033241272,
0.2708791196346283,
-0.3108045756816864,
-0.3460354208946228,
-0.15186923742294312,
0.02524736151099205,
0.4529825747013092,
-0.034473419189453125,
0.2749214172363281,
0.1375613808631897,
-0.8174099326133728,
0.00231891218572855,
0.1798027902841568,
0.3667619526386261,
0.3973320722579956,
0.3567572832107544,
0.020473480224609375,
0.5509033203125,
0.4749552309513092,
-0.05468156561255455,
-0.14609749615192413,
-0.027732213959097862,
0.2543097734451294,
-0.1652798056602478,
-0.3109368085861206,
-0.3490804135799408,
-0.10174560546875,
0.08665254712104797,
0.5466240644454956,
-0.03619384765625,
-0.25656044483184814,
-0.09174304455518723,
-0.2811376750469208,
0.09168921411037445,
0.14925606548786163,
0.0509936548769474,
0.214385986328125,
0.3886176347732544,
0.13475291430950165,
0.1127980574965477,
3.801323890686035,
0.1198611781001091,
0.3322279155254364,
0.2778659462928772,
0.013145659118890762,
0.5324164628982544,
0.3524915874004364,
-0.6184828281402588,
-0.26275634765625,
0.15550824999809265,
0.004443698562681675,
0.3248697817325592,
-0.10154782235622406,
0.3377401530742645,
-0.3279147744178772,
0.5287272334098816,
0.2862033545970917,
0.0333472341299057,
-0.0189853236079216,
0.4091254472732544,
-0.4063585102558136,
0.7516276240348816,
0.15162065625190735,
-0.04976654052734375,
0.4013773500919342,
0.0845692977309227,
0.10978168994188309,
0.6119482517242432,
0.0583665631711483,
0.2666897177696228,
0.22289445996284485,
-0.010211520828306675,
0.39200422167778015,
-0.20405313372612,
-1.2303602695465088,
-0.1197865828871727,
-0.0115195382386446,
0.05501725897192955,
0.14003509283065796,
-0.029587427154183388,
-0.3101399838924408,
-0.2533908486366272,
-0.10200542956590652,
0.6027289628982544,
0.30421531200408936,
-0.2911309003829956,
0.1337772011756897,
0.4164225161075592,
0.33918339014053345,
0.4054701030254364,
0.0010761684970930219,
-0.5715060830116272,
-0.1436648964881897,
-0.2572970986366272,
0.14843623340129852,
0.4069688618183136,
0.1558244526386261,
0.2057359516620636,
0.28646591305732727,
-0.15152698755264282,
0.0228424072265625,
0.015057881362736225,
0.5720893144607544,
-0.036349400877952576,
-0.3478749692440033,
-0.13540713489055634,
0.016361288726329803,
0.17365074157714844,
0.09728749841451645,
-0.08968077600002289,
-0.0311423409730196,
0.2942098081111908,
-0.19101206958293915,
-0.07284291833639145,
0.0830620676279068,
0.3516642153263092,
-0.6011488437652588,
0.3632744550704956,
0.14755164086818695,
0.27777099609375,
-0.1405164897441864,
-0.2423943430185318,
0.11067411303520203,
0.13358476758003235,
-0.2827640175819397,
0.5286186933517456,
-0.0391998291015625,
-0.19683837890625,
0.4685465395450592,
0.07426643371582031,
-0.006400743965059519,
0.23343457281589508,
0.2352786660194397,
0.023838890716433525,
-0.10425800830125809,
0.3892686665058136,
0.1720835417509079,
-4.093099117279053,
0.0927480086684227,
0.2830772399902344,
-0.5728352665901184,
0.13029247522354126,
0.16583368182182312,
-0.0830179825425148,
0.3920830488204956,
-0.6878255009651184,
0.1698065847158432,
-0.2389119416475296,
0.12219195812940598,
-0.06844239681959152,
0.40355247259140015,
0.5864121913909912,
-0.12759357690811157,
0.03533850610256195,
0.3543565571308136,
0.3045624792575836,
-0.3205206096172333,
0.2070804238319397,
0.6333279013633728,
0.4109022319316864,
0.22488372027873993,
0.4451497495174408,
0.0005967881879769266,
0.2293362021446228,
0.1159684956073761,
0.256103515625,
-0.0251447893679142,
0.08053673803806305,
0.3966268002986908,
0.4298434853553772,
-0.0805986225605011,
0.5224202275276184,
0.4136623740196228,
0.6174248456954956,
0.3366020917892456,
0.2687649130821228,
0.2511664628982544,
-0.01775444857776165,
-0.07497067004442215,
0.19672012329101562,
0.3554212749004364,
-0.12238507717847824,
-0.08939361572265625,
-0.1509421467781067,
-0.21552616357803345,
-0.2689310610294342,
0.2709610164165497,
0.3384941816329956,
0.2779947817325592,
-0.08123355358839035,
0.1095869243144989,
0.4921875,
-0.18307961523532867,
0.011354552581906319,
-0.044495053589344025,
0.4505411684513092,
0.3176405131816864,
0.036882612854242325,
-0.4596625566482544,
0.03564877063035965,
0.24456731975078583,
0.2427808940410614,
-0.1754947304725647,
0.4260321855545044,
0.20691850781440735,
0.3980373740196228,
-0.1412133127450943,
0.2633107602596283,
0.4898952841758728,
0.13455455005168915,
-0.4319932758808136,
0.019358953461050987,
0.1849026083946228,
-0.1128573939204216,
-0.0731671154499054,
0.5403239130973816,
0.1624671071767807,
-0.31158447265625,
-0.10408762097358704,
-0.4485541582107544,
0.1579166054725647,
2.4548611640930176,
0.4267679750919342,
2.22119140625,
-0.004478560760617256,
0.1402827352285385,
0.2567460834980011,
-0.3060201108455658,
0.14104165136814117,
-0.07513067126274109,
-0.2157338410615921,
0.2607930600643158,
0.2490607351064682,
-0.18124812841415405,
0.01146782748401165,
0.14924706518650055,
-0.3535427451133728,
0.3598226010799408,
-0.737548828125,
0.2748090922832489,
0.0863155797123909,
0.17872704565525055,
-0.15743763744831085,
-0.05763790383934975,
0.6204155683517456,
0.0639631450176239,
-0.03448910266160965,
-0.3547092080116272,
0.3364020586013794,
0.27587297558784485,
-0.017730712890625,
-0.5166659951210022,
-0.09907041490077972,
0.17073270678520203,
0.1904178261756897,
0.4899088442325592,
0.3572319746017456,
-0.2104932963848114,
4.61046028137207,
0.5283339023590088,
-0.2593180239200592,
0.4616292417049408,
-0.11699337512254715,
0.2609490156173706,
0.2452799528837204,
0.12484826147556305,
0.02074601873755455,
0.27429622411727905,
0.3928714394569397,
0.0327690988779068,
0.14147186279296875,
-0.1619788259267807,
0.267559677362442,
0.16733211278915405,
-0.2684394121170044,
0.2988484799861908,
0.3039957582950592,
0.2773301899433136,
0.13309775292873383,
-0.0803968608379364,
0.5641411542892456,
0.1225908100605011,
0.22454240918159485,
0.2861328125,
0.14946249127388,
-0.3606906533241272,
-0.07399749755859375,
-0.0022133721504360437,
0.5258110761642456,
5.380208492279053,
0.03466711938381195,
-0.1962365061044693,
-0.2849026918411255,
0.4329427182674408,
0.2538011372089386,
0.1492241770029068,
-0.4993455708026886,
-0.5233561396598816,
-0.1839023232460022,
0.00817277655005455,
-0.25905779004096985,
-0.2522854208946228,
0.7729288935661316,
-0.24971263110637665,
-0.13632965087890625,
-0.2242804616689682,
0.2640652060508728,
0.038038041442632675,
-0.0367414690554142,
0.7107204794883728,
0.25807783007621765,
0.0576561838388443,
-0.48534393310546875,
-0.07639575004577637,
0.1726582795381546,
-0.007000287529081106,
0.4954715371131897,
-0.2745988667011261,
0.18169911205768585,
0.4581773579120636,
0.2799173891544342,
-0.14001549780368805,
0.3116861879825592,
-0.4311896562576294,
0.2549167275428772,
0.2452799528837204,
0.15023909509181976,
0.34113284945487976,
-0.12664709985256195,
0.3990749716758728,
0.07606318593025208,
0.0443962961435318,
-0.1947581022977829,
0.051401931792497635,
-0.2455037385225296,
-0.1703389436006546,
0.09524832665920258,
-0.2031046599149704,
0.07073202729225159,
-0.0415835902094841,
0.06139522045850754,
0.7896864414215088,
0.1400468647480011,
0.2066277414560318,
0.7130262851715088,
-0.045105405151844025,
0.1626688688993454,
0.2693566083908081,
-0.2001529335975647,
1.0029025077819824,
0.1670871376991272,
0.1658765971660614,
0.4232313334941864,
0.4828016459941864,
0.002276950515806675,
-0.10622795671224594,
0.2354871928691864,
0.5045437216758728,
-0.005741543136537075,
0.291673868894577,
0.038921356201171875,
-0.1334075927734375,
0.412841796875,
-0.5925157070159912,
-0.168828547000885,
0.08612844347953796,
-0.2100745290517807,
0.23313099145889282,
0.32058122754096985,
0.018194304779171944,
-0.4048665463924408,
-0.3551296591758728,
-0.2357872873544693,
-0.08880572766065598,
-0.10688570141792297,
-0.2749599814414978,
-0.0152147077023983,
0.6109755039215088,
0.3544447124004364,
0.0247200857847929,
0.3294440507888794,
-0.2470991313457489,
0.6309068202972412,
0.6298285722732544,
0.4625244140625,
0.09873241931200027,
0.2325456440448761,
-0.20792049169540405,
0.3560417890548706,
-0.3685455322265625,
0.3879936933517456,
0.4014621376991272,
-0.1416187286376953,
0.2338765412569046,
-0.4074028730392456,
0.2104899138212204,
0.0045723384246230125,
0.0367923304438591,
0.2706129252910614,
0.5018581748008728,
0.4828965961933136,
-0.4125095009803772,
0.09229066967964172,
0.324951171875
] |
2047
|
Who is considered the founder of algebra?
|
[
{
"docid": "26468983#5",
"text": "Algebra was also pioneered by Persian Scientist Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī during this time in his landmark text, Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala, from which the term algebra is derived. He is thus considered to be the father of algebra. The terms algorism and algorithm are also derived from the name of al-Khwarizmi, who was responsible for introducing the Arabic numerals and Hindu-Arabic numeral system beyond the Indian Subcontinent.",
"title": "Islamic Scholarship & Learning in Central Asia"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "31627584#0",
"text": "Ladislav Svante Rieger (1916–1963) was a Czech mathematician who worked in the areas of algebra, mathematical logic, and axiomatic set theory. He is considered to be the founder of mathematical logic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, having begun his work around 1957.",
"title": "Ladislav Rieger"
},
{
"docid": "383424#4",
"text": "According to Guerraggio & Nastasi (page 9, 2005) Luigi Cremona is \"considered the founder of the Italian school of algebraic geometry\". Later they explain that in Turin the collaboration of Enrico D'Ovidio and Corrado Segre \"would bring, either by their own efforts or those of their students, Italian algebraic geometry to full maturity\". A one-time student of Segre, H.F. Baker wrote (1926, page 269), [Corrado Segre] \"may probably be said to be the father of that wonderful Italian school which has achieved so much in the birational theory of algebraical loci.\" On this topic, Brigaglia & Ciliberto (2004) say \"Segre had headed and maintained the school of geometry that Luigi Cremona had established in 1860.\" Reference to the Mathematics Genealogy Project shows that, in terms of \"Italian doctorates\", the real productivity of the school began with Guido Castelnuovo and Federigo Enriques. In the USA Oscar Zariski inspired many Ph.D.s.",
"title": "Italian school of algebraic geometry"
},
{
"docid": "18716923#17",
"text": "Abstract algebra was developed in the 19th century, deriving from the interest in solving equations, initially focusing on what is now called Galois theory, and on constructibility issues. George Peacock was the founder of axiomatic thinking in arithmetic and algebra. Augustus De Morgan discovered relation algebra in his \"Syllabus of a Proposed System of Logic\". Josiah Willard Gibbs developed an algebra of vectors in three-dimensional space, and Arthur Cayley developed an algebra of matrices (this is a noncommutative algebra).",
"title": "Algebra"
},
{
"docid": "9550030#60",
"text": "Al-Karkhi (953–1029), also known as Al-Karaji, was the successor of Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940–998) and he discovered the first numerical solution to equations of the form ax + bx = c. Al-Karkhi only considered positive roots. Al-Karkhi is also regarded as the first person to free algebra from geometrical operations and replace them with the type of arithmetic operations which are at the core of algebra today. His work on algebra and polynomials, gave the rules for arithmetic operations to manipulate polynomials. The historian of mathematics F. Woepcke, in \"Extrait du Fakhri, traité d'Algèbre par Abou Bekr Mohammed Ben Alhacan Alkarkhi\" (Paris, 1853), praised Al-Karaji for being \"the first who introduced the theory of algebraic calculus\". Stemming from this, Al-Karaji investigated binomial coefficients and Pascal's triangle.",
"title": "History of algebra"
},
{
"docid": "9177384#4",
"text": "Grave became professor at Kharkov in 1897 and, from 1902, he was appointed professor at the University of Kiev, where he remained for the rest of his life. Grave is considered as the founder of the Kiev school of algebra which was to become the centre for algebra in the USSR.",
"title": "Dmitry Grave"
},
{
"docid": "649861#0",
"text": "Al-Khwarizmi's popularizing treatise on algebra (\"The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing\", c. 813–833 CE) presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. One of his principal achievements in algebra was his demonstration of how to solve quadratic equations by completing the square, for which he provided geometric justifications. Because he was the first to treat algebra as an independent discipline and introduced the methods of \"reduction\" and \"balancing\" (the transposition of subtracted terms to the other side of an equation, that is, the cancellation of like terms on opposite sides of the equation), he has been described as the father or founder of algebra. The term \"algebra\" itself comes from the title of his book (specifically the word \"al-jabr\" meaning \"completion\" or \"rejoining\"). His name gave rise to the terms \"algorism\" and \"algorithm\". His name is also the origin of (Spanish) \"guarismo\" and of (Portuguese) \"algarismo\", both meaning digit.",
"title": "Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi"
},
{
"docid": "19616384#12",
"text": "These processes were occurring throughout all of mathematics, but became especially pronounced in algebra. Formal definition through primitive operations and axioms were proposed for many basic algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields. Hence such things as group theory and ring theory took their places in pure mathematics. The algebraic investigations of general fields by Ernst Steinitz and of commutative and then general rings by David Hilbert, Emil Artin and Emmy Noether, building up on the work of Ernst Kummer, Leopold Kronecker and Richard Dedekind, who had considered ideals in commutative rings, and of Georg Frobenius and Issai Schur, concerning representation theory of groups, came to define abstract algebra. These developments of the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of 20th century were systematically exposed in Bartel van der Waerden's \"Moderne algebra\", the two-volume monograph published in 1930–1931 that forever changed for the mathematical world the meaning of the word \"algebra\" from \"the theory of equations\" to the \"theory of algebraic structures\".",
"title": "Abstract algebra"
},
{
"docid": "19616384#6",
"text": "Leonhard Euler considered algebraic operations on numbers modulo an integer, modular arithmetic, in his generalization of Fermat's little theorem. These investigations were taken much further by Carl Friedrich Gauss, who considered the structure of multiplicative groups of residues mod n and established many properties of cyclic and more general abelian groups that arise in this way. In his investigations of composition of binary quadratic forms, Gauss explicitly stated the associative law for the composition of forms, but like Euler before him, he seems to have been more interested in concrete results than in general theory. In 1870, Leopold Kronecker gave a definition of an abelian group in the context of ideal class groups of a number field, generalizing Gauss's work; but it appears he did not tie his definition with previous work on groups, particularly permutation groups. In 1882, considering the same question, Heinrich M. Weber realized the connection and gave a similar definition that involved the cancellation property but omitted the existence of the inverse element, which was sufficient in his context (finite groups).",
"title": "Abstract algebra"
},
{
"docid": "205513#14",
"text": "Peacock's main contribution to mathematical analysis is his attempt to place algebra on a strictly logical basis. He founded what has been called the philological or symbolical school of mathematicians; to which Gregory, De Morgan and Boole belonged. His answer to Maseres and Frend was that the science of algebra consisted of two parts—arithmetical algebra and symbolical algebra—and that they erred in restricting the science to the arithmetical part. His view of arithmetical algebra is as follows: \"In arithmetical algebra we consider symbols as representing numbers, and the operations to which they are submitted as included in the same definitions as in common arithmetic; the signs formula_1 and formula_2 denote the operations of addition and subtraction in their ordinary meaning only, and those operations are considered as impossible in all cases where the symbols subjected to them possess values which would render them so in case they were replaced by digital numbers; thus in expressions such as formula_3 we must suppose formula_4 and formula_5 to be quantities of the same kind; in others, like formula_6, we must suppose formula_4 greater than formula_5 and therefore homogeneous with it; in products and quotients, like formula_9 and formula_10 we must suppose the multiplier and divisor to be abstract numbers; all results whatsoever, including negative quantities, which are not strictly deducible as legitimate conclusions from the definitions of the several operations must be rejected as impossible, or as foreign to the science.\"",
"title": "George Peacock"
}
] |
[
0.38823240995407104,
0.15761108696460724,
-0.5628906488418579,
0.0924224853515625,
0.40217286348342896,
0.09074554592370987,
0.34483641386032104,
-0.2543075680732727,
0.077245332300663,
0.518847644329071,
-0.24645844101905823,
-0.17447510361671448,
-0.644287109375,
-0.138702392578125,
-0.3380065858364105,
0.287353515625,
0.7433105707168579,
-0.24658814072608948,
-0.06204795837402344,
0.1782577484846115,
0.18873901665210724,
0.2992797791957855,
-0.0744529739022255,
0.10029029846191406,
0.16918334364891052,
0.15023192763328552,
-0.2912841737270355,
0.3212524354457855,
0.07970275729894638,
0.09813079982995987,
0.2529540956020355,
-0.43647462129592896,
-0.09385528415441513,
0.40729981660842896,
-0.5106201171875,
0.33082276582717896,
0.29450684785842896,
-0.12253417819738388,
-0.06714477390050888,
0.2860107421875,
0.16593018174171448,
0.11184921115636826,
-0.13280487060546875,
0.036650847643613815,
0.22506102919578552,
0.13163146376609802,
0.4629882872104645,
-0.2548828125,
-0.1456611603498459,
0.11514367908239365,
-0.3286499083042145,
-0.00898895226418972,
-0.17961426079273224,
-0.068608857691288,
-0.5998779535293579,
0.42830199003219604,
-0.02546539343893528,
0.30208128690719604,
0.1424713134765625,
0.22520752251148224,
0.06439208984375,
0.13729552924633026,
0.025922393426299095,
0.07332973182201385,
0.23089599609375,
0.24517822265625,
0.06125640869140625,
0.3819824159145355,
-0.04921569675207138,
0.49311524629592896,
0.06022949144244194,
0.20285645127296448,
0.3634277284145355,
-0.08198852837085724,
-0.08480377495288849,
0.015930939465761185,
-0.2111968994140625,
0.05310478061437607,
0.2594238221645355,
0.00231590261682868,
0.4428466856479645,
-0.18980713188648224,
-0.17862549424171448,
0.5789794921875,
0.0480194091796875,
0.5543212890625,
-0.15190429985523224,
0.19033202528953552,
0.1066293716430664,
0.5940185785293579,
-0.13242797553539276,
0.3437133729457855,
-0.15911254286766052,
-0.33812254667282104,
0.07831954956054688,
0.21153564751148224,
0.20170287787914276,
-0.18345947563648224,
-0.08839988708496094,
-0.00905456580221653,
-0.01458053570240736,
-0.2969116270542145,
-0.19596557319164276,
0.35291749238967896,
0.17561645805835724,
-0.31480711698532104,
0.08945922553539276,
0.3145599365234375,
0.3984619081020355,
0.3995361328125,
0.2984252870082855,
-0.10028686374425888,
0.17520780861377716,
-0.10930480808019638,
0.13528136909008026,
-0.3088745176792145,
0.24452027678489685,
0.19704589247703552,
-0.14684447646141052,
-0.9115234613418579,
0.3001708984375,
0.29888916015625,
-0.22268065810203552,
-0.062413789331912994,
0.07851485908031464,
0.045233916491270065,
0.3759765625,
-0.04960479587316513,
0.5052734613418579,
0.37285155057907104,
-0.18166503310203552,
0.12204666435718536,
0.30765074491500854,
0.5115722417831421,
0.3755737245082855,
0.18610230088233948,
0.17584228515625,
-0.14263916015625,
0.25159913301467896,
-0.3995727598667145,
-0.637158215045929,
0.2549682557582855,
-0.04051055759191513,
0.556567370891571,
-0.0955406203866005,
0.24178466200828552,
-0.0528985969722271,
0.26020509004592896,
-0.017533112317323685,
0.4984374940395355,
0.2279052734375,
0.45683592557907104,
0.0120086669921875,
0.11884460598230362,
-0.26042479276657104,
0.18321113288402557,
0.43516844511032104,
0.048288725316524506,
0.26343995332717896,
0.18052367866039276,
0.796557605266571,
0.3026123046875,
0.12218017876148224,
0.13728027045726776,
0.07638969272375107,
-0.05611572414636612,
0.03500671312212944,
0.25065916776657104,
0.4664550721645355,
-0.32921141386032104,
-0.15962524712085724,
-0.16864624619483948,
0.42070311307907104,
-0.11044768989086151,
0.186981201171875,
0.15308837592601776,
-0.22804661095142365,
-0.19191893935203552,
0.13890953361988068,
-0.14984741806983948,
0.2720947265625,
0.192474365234375,
0.2169647216796875,
0.3566650450229645,
0.45915526151657104,
0.10716553032398224,
0.25462645292282104,
-0.3098739683628082,
-0.424560546875,
0.09833984076976776,
-0.2091163694858551,
0.03286590427160263,
0.4219726622104645,
-0.4219116270542145,
0.028548050671815872,
0.05322265625,
-0.15315552055835724,
0.2607177793979645,
-0.19004516303539276,
0.4291015565395355,
0.1943511962890625,
0.01429595984518528,
-0.5364745855331421,
0.2969726622104645,
0.015029525384306908,
-0.20075225830078125,
0.0773773193359375,
0.1142425537109375,
-0.22888794541358948,
-0.011853027157485485,
0.20903320610523224,
0.13120727241039276,
0.10877075046300888,
0.2536682188510895,
-0.19397583603858948,
0.03704185411334038,
-0.23006591200828552,
-0.08003692328929901,
0.545361340045929,
0.08009874820709229,
-0.164459228515625,
0.5212157964706421,
-0.25458985567092896,
0.10850677639245987,
0.25050050020217896,
-0.33824461698532104,
0.1088409423828125,
-0.33131104707717896,
0.15489502251148224,
0.254302978515625,
0.24227294325828552,
0.21736374497413635,
0.13890990614891052,
-0.44739991426467896,
0.03018341027200222,
0.02507629431784153,
0.16730347275733948,
0.27460938692092896,
0.16217651963233948,
0.2048545777797699,
0.30860596895217896,
0.206329345703125,
-0.15937042236328125,
-0.09392700344324112,
0.3797851502895355,
-0.303752601146698,
0.2229766845703125,
0.30708009004592896,
-0.25603026151657104,
0.07383747398853302,
-0.04042358323931694,
-0.22860565781593323,
-0.07418365776538849,
0.07801475375890732,
0.019199753180146217,
0.17492064833641052,
0.13772277534008026,
-0.07868652045726776,
-0.015521621331572533,
0.03210258483886719,
0.01606597937643528,
0.45556640625,
0.6209961175918579,
0.36958009004592896,
-0.22468261420726776,
0.13189086318016052,
0.2747802734375,
0.44514161348342896,
0.19511108100414276,
0.37109375,
1.015869140625,
-0.39912110567092896,
-0.1388595551252365,
0.36613768339157104,
-0.3479247987270355,
-0.19179077446460724,
-0.2575012147426605,
0.019762421026825905,
-0.37104493379592896,
-0.12244262546300888,
0.4761718809604645,
-0.010132980532944202,
-0.18597412109375,
0.520159900188446,
0.1314239501953125,
0.4362197816371918,
0.08675384521484375,
-0.04312286525964737,
-0.19971923530101776,
-0.13752135634422302,
-0.21730956435203552,
0.5197509527206421,
-0.08411560207605362,
-0.594775378704071,
0.18192443251609802,
-0.11843490600585938,
-0.10454712063074112,
-0.27130126953125,
0.198272705078125,
-0.07042846828699112,
0.40972900390625,
-0.5057128667831421,
-0.011550426483154297,
0.475830078125,
0.10424347221851349,
-0.42236328125,
-0.3598999083042145,
0.45280760526657104,
0.06239471584558487,
0.34959715604782104,
0.0068206787109375,
-0.4861816465854645,
-0.22574463486671448,
0.5320800542831421,
0.38422852754592896,
0.41337889432907104,
-0.09570141136646271,
-0.11706237494945526,
0.462188720703125,
-0.07557220757007599,
-0.21434326469898224,
0.013840103521943092,
-0.30842286348342896,
-0.01592559739947319,
0.24223022162914276,
-0.5125366449356079,
0.04414737969636917,
-0.43720704317092896,
0.30424803495407104,
0.6558593511581421,
0.3735872209072113,
-0.08186187595129013,
-0.04060182720422745,
0.5115966796875,
-0.10025940090417862,
0.13036498427391052,
-0.14668884873390198,
0.56640625,
0.27241820096969604,
0.2722412049770355,
-0.017945099622011185,
-0.0350189208984375,
-0.12864074110984802,
0.17910155653953552,
-0.11794338375329971,
-0.07330932468175888,
0.17463989555835724,
0.32939451932907104,
0.23288574814796448,
0.06640472263097763,
0.24302367866039276,
0.12421264499425888,
0.02148742601275444,
0.12784728407859802,
-0.045168302953243256,
-0.11083602905273438,
0.570605456829071,
0.14253883063793182,
0.6722167730331421,
-0.30616456270217896,
-0.021311569958925247,
0.5566161870956421,
0.4627319276332855,
0.06933536380529404,
0.13360290229320526,
0.31409913301467896,
0.05860710144042969,
-0.12955626845359802,
-0.25737303495407104,
0.06020622327923775,
-0.024659013375639915,
0.41887205839157104,
0.09349212795495987,
0.2538208067417145,
-0.5018310546875,
-0.024742936715483665,
-0.03925018385052681,
0.5314697027206421,
0.28070068359375,
0.31804198026657104,
0.02894439734518528,
0.2615600526332855,
0.5721191167831421,
-0.10310592502355576,
-0.27253419160842896,
-0.3680664002895355,
0.04456939548254013,
0.21913452446460724,
0.24201050400733948,
0.22142334282398224,
0.12304382026195526,
-0.20538941025733948,
-0.05366211012005806,
-0.04967346042394638,
-0.20702514052391052,
-0.294677734375,
0.03229083865880966,
0.1603964865207672,
0.2950073182582855,
-0.03789043426513672,
-0.02832946740090847,
0.736523449420929,
0.502856433391571,
0.25072020292282104,
4.278906345367432,
-0.1160736083984375,
0.3163208067417145,
-0.0692138671875,
0.082275390625,
0.28858643770217896,
0.4283447265625,
0.10019226372241974,
0.3605590760707855,
-0.06915168464183807,
-0.32225340604782104,
-0.06621284782886505,
0.042429350316524506,
-0.24037475883960724,
0.10243530571460724,
0.665332019329071,
0.26079100370407104,
0.21602782607078552,
-0.22358398139476776,
0.22675780951976776,
-0.3764404356479645,
0.17329558730125427,
0.12579651176929474,
0.46403807401657104,
0.019498825073242188,
-0.1345565766096115,
0.5198974609375,
0.7575927972793579,
0.3247436583042145,
0.41362303495407104,
0.26336669921875,
-0.16100922226905823,
0.1896286904811859,
0.20888061821460724,
-0.9585937261581421,
0.11038818210363388,
0.2691650390625,
0.10580597072839737,
-0.22320251166820526,
0.10090408474206924,
0.01610412634909153,
-0.09703636169433594,
0.5322265625,
0.38603514432907104,
-0.183583065867424,
-0.09913482517004013,
-0.22389069199562073,
0.3197998106479645,
0.023040771484375,
0.06657333672046661,
-0.08367919921875,
-0.09670104831457138,
-0.11451263725757599,
-0.11062927544116974,
0.19082030653953552,
0.5830078125,
0.18384400010108948,
0.516308605670929,
-0.16884765028953552,
-0.08734130859375,
-0.31397706270217896,
0.11947707831859589,
-0.18209686875343323,
-0.08659057319164276,
-0.23981933295726776,
0.027051161974668503,
0.12501220405101776,
0.01297607459127903,
0.31001585721969604,
0.1883895844221115,
-0.046976469457149506,
0.27436524629592896,
-0.008228922262787819,
-0.01892700232565403,
0.02559356763958931,
-0.508837878704071,
-0.50390625,
-0.1230396255850792,
0.07608366012573242,
-0.058342743664979935,
0.03235206753015518,
0.013796997256577015,
-0.09355545043945312,
0.18257446587085724,
-0.02044525183737278,
0.4967041015625,
0.10192680358886719,
-0.5718749761581421,
0.23193359375,
0.21339111030101776,
0.3099731504917145,
0.01097717322409153,
0.23903807997703552,
0.12185821682214737,
0.18796387314796448,
0.14124755561351776,
0.05179653316736221,
-4.010546684265137,
0.28596192598342896,
0.17265625298023224,
0.05231123045086861,
-0.0195783618837595,
0.3799072206020355,
-0.03937380760908127,
0.4465087950229645,
-0.31440430879592896,
0.1967620849609375,
0.35102540254592896,
0.4242187440395355,
-0.08262558281421661,
0.06712035834789276,
-0.0745018944144249,
0.037297915667295456,
0.4067138731479645,
0.12977905571460724,
0.2969909608364105,
0.06626129150390625,
-0.03338789939880371,
-0.19472046196460724,
0.2789855897426605,
-0.698974609375,
0.28587645292282104,
0.184417724609375,
0.3383926451206207,
0.09943237155675888,
0.45722657442092896,
-0.017675399780273438,
-0.20909424126148224,
-0.09914245456457138,
0.582324206829071,
-0.42912596464157104,
0.45734864473342896,
0.563720703125,
0.3790283203125,
0.202606201171875,
0.24154052138328552,
0.6111816167831421,
0.18750610947608948,
0.07570037990808487,
0.036589812487363815,
0.19328613579273224,
0.13677310943603516,
0.02810363844037056,
-0.37080079317092896,
0.05254516750574112,
-0.18944701552391052,
-0.044770240783691406,
-0.06325912475585938,
0.28941649198532104,
-0.459228515625,
0.01339569129049778,
0.4552001953125,
-0.11437873542308807,
0.12540435791015625,
0.013377380557358265,
0.15638121962547302,
0.3518310487270355,
0.08755092322826385,
-0.20053406059741974,
0.15556029975414276,
-0.1631629914045334,
0.632763683795929,
-0.14486083388328552,
0.28082275390625,
0.634692370891571,
0.22127075493335724,
-0.40205079317092896,
0.41453248262405396,
0.3321166932582855,
0.43134766817092896,
0.08554382622241974,
0.4752441346645355,
-0.11641617119312286,
-0.04328155517578125,
-0.3493896424770355,
0.580273449420929,
0.18667450547218323,
-0.08176574856042862,
-0.06331939995288849,
-0.42121583223342896,
-0.18018798530101776,
2.4041991233825684,
0.4206787049770355,
2.244140625,
0.25433349609375,
0.23563842475414276,
0.04740643501281738,
0.15406188368797302,
0.119293212890625,
0.27824705839157104,
-0.302001953125,
-0.15799865126609802,
0.2844604551792145,
-0.28868407011032104,
-0.26842039823532104,
0.09360866248607635,
-0.34613037109375,
0.43446046113967896,
-1.108007788658142,
0.3301025331020355,
-0.324951171875,
0.29859620332717896,
-0.2625732421875,
-0.15636901557445526,
0.7803710699081421,
0.29230958223342896,
-0.16369017958641052,
-0.12018127739429474,
0.16614380478858948,
-0.150299072265625,
-0.040995024144649506,
-0.1112571731209755,
0.1488693207502365,
0.5129638910293579,
-0.2948242127895355,
0.5579833984375,
0.397216796875,
0.00859909038990736,
4.648828029632568,
-0.13354119658470154,
-0.13783569633960724,
0.016773605719208717,
0.4360595643520355,
0.06639251857995987,
0.6422363519668579,
-0.2502685487270355,
-0.040618896484375,
-0.22055664658546448,
0.08435134589672089,
-0.0671539306640625,
-0.158172607421875,
-0.13603229820728302,
0.43452149629592896,
-0.11097259819507599,
0.14299926161766052,
0.22705078125,
0.24015502631664276,
0.09545288234949112,
0.046865273267030716,
0.19545288383960724,
0.570507824420929,
-0.2593750059604645,
0.08178253471851349,
0.23430176079273224,
0.05711669847369194,
0.08469238132238388,
-0.13421936333179474,
-0.05709533765912056,
0.0713905319571495,
5.459374904632568,
-0.21907348930835724,
0.2760253846645355,
-0.1176300048828125,
0.33411866426467896,
0.02753295935690403,
-0.3941650390625,
-0.38365477323532104,
-0.3665405213832855,
-0.16837158799171448,
-0.08889160305261612,
0.1866455078125,
-0.19803467392921448,
0.501538097858429,
0.21298828721046448,
0.3680419921875,
-0.08517608791589737,
-0.10230407863855362,
0.2999267578125,
-0.13562926650047302,
0.32524412870407104,
0.3321289122104645,
0.4958252012729645,
-0.4988037049770355,
-0.0731433853507042,
0.11699523776769638,
-0.04786224290728569,
0.29478758573532104,
-0.05995483323931694,
-0.20184326171875,
0.3426513671875,
0.08947201073169708,
0.03244323655962944,
0.2918701171875,
0.08144716918468475,
-0.09839324653148651,
0.5941162109375,
0.033646393567323685,
-0.20264282822608948,
-0.13805237412452698,
0.32373046875,
0.41862791776657104,
-0.07870788872241974,
-0.10517577826976776,
-0.165130615234375,
0.16267700493335724,
-0.32414549589157104,
0.19942227005958557,
0.33891600370407104,
-0.03439636155962944,
0.036083292216062546,
-0.36845701932907104,
0.982470691204071,
0.3087402284145355,
0.1878662109375,
0.02178478240966797,
-0.002188396407291293,
0.13371963798999786,
0.230865478515625,
0.159881591796875,
0.593945324420929,
0.13869628310203552,
0.029389571398496628,
0.2833007872104645,
0.5637451410293579,
0.47272950410842896,
0.2886718809604645,
-0.13490600883960724,
0.4058593809604645,
0.019121933728456497,
-0.24953003227710724,
0.20808716118335724,
0.17455443739891052,
-0.10681457817554474,
0.1267295777797699,
-0.17488403618335724,
0.07556915283203125,
-0.09385986626148224,
0.5946044921875,
-0.010281371884047985,
0.0036085129249840975,
-0.08300171047449112,
-0.2698974609375,
-0.03369750827550888,
0.13670043647289276,
-0.3992553651332855,
-0.18441200256347656,
0.14132995903491974,
0.01636352576315403,
-0.005564880557358265,
-0.007550048641860485,
-0.3521484434604645,
-0.13088378310203552,
0.48665618896484375,
-0.13097533583641052,
0.17299194633960724,
0.2817749083042145,
0.4829345643520355,
-0.25687867403030396,
0.187968447804451,
-0.15997314453125,
0.377197265625,
0.0025932311546057463,
0.279052734375,
0.13892821967601776,
0.0043277740478515625,
-0.01361923199146986,
-0.01819000206887722,
0.09627380222082138,
0.17053833603858948,
0.5598388910293579,
0.10946273803710938,
-0.1416168212890625,
0.022573089227080345,
-0.09470520168542862
] |
2048
|
Who coined the term asteroid?
|
[
{
"docid": "791#6",
"text": "The first asteroid to be discovered, Ceres, was originally considered to be a new planet. This was followed by the discovery of other similar bodies, which, with the equipment of the time, appeared to be points of light, like stars, showing little or no planetary disc, though readily distinguishable from stars due to their apparent motions. This prompted the astronomer Sir William Herschel to propose the term \"asteroid\", coined in Greek as ἀστεροειδής, or \"asteroeidēs\", meaning 'star-like, star-shaped', and derived from the Ancient Greek \"astēr\" 'star, planet'. In the early second half of the nineteenth century, the terms \"asteroid\" and \"planet\" (not always qualified as \"minor\") were still used interchangeably.",
"title": "Asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "5595163#15",
"text": "As other objects were discovered in the neighborhood of Ceres, it was realized that Ceres represented the first of a new class of objects. In 1802, with the discovery of 2 Pallas, William Herschel coined the term \"asteroid\" (\"star-like\") for these bodies, writing that \"they resemble small stars so much as hardly to be distinguished from them, even by very good telescopes\". As the first such body to be discovered, Ceres was given the designation 1 Ceres under the modern system of minor-planet designations. By the 1860s, the existence of a fundamental difference between asteroids such as Ceres and the major planets was widely accepted, though a precise definition of \"planet\" was never formulated.",
"title": "Ceres (dwarf planet)"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "47264#14",
"text": "The expression \"asteroid belt\" came into use in the very early 1850s, although it is hard to pinpoint who coined the term. The first English use seems to be in the 1850 translation (by E. C. Otté) of Alexander von Humboldt's \"Cosmos\": \"[...] and the regular appearance, about the 13th of November and the 11th of August, of shooting stars, which probably form part of a belt of asteroids intersecting the Earth's orbit and moving with planetary velocity\". Another early appearance occurred in Robert James Mann's \"A Guide to the Knowledge of the Heavens\": \"The orbits of the asteroids are placed in a wide belt of space, extending between the extremes of [...]\". The American astronomer Benjamin Peirce seems to have adopted that terminology and to have been one of its promoters.",
"title": "Asteroid belt"
},
{
"docid": "791#23",
"text": "In 2006, the term \"small Solar System body\" was also introduced to cover both most minor planets and comets. Other languages prefer \"planetoid\" (Greek for \"planet-like\"), and this term is occasionally used in English especially for larger minor planets such as the dwarf planets as well as an alternative for asteroids since they are not star-like. The word \"planetesimal\" has a similar meaning, but refers specifically to the small building blocks of the planets that existed when the Solar System was forming. The term \"planetule\" was coined by the geologist William Daniel Conybeare to describe minor planets, but is not in common use. The three largest objects in the asteroid belt, Ceres, Pallas, and Vesta, grew to the stage of protoplanets. Ceres is a dwarf planet, the only one in the inner Solar System.",
"title": "Asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "791#24",
"text": "When found, asteroids were seen as a class of objects distinct from comets, and there was no unified term for the two until \"small Solar System body\" was coined in 2006. The main difference between an asteroid and a comet is that a comet shows a coma due to sublimation of near surface ices by solar radiation. A few objects have ended up being dual-listed because they were first classified as minor planets but later showed evidence of cometary activity. Conversely, some (perhaps all) comets are eventually depleted of their surface volatile ices and become asteroid-like. A further distinction is that comets typically have more eccentric orbits than most asteroids; most \"asteroids\" with notably eccentric orbits are probably dormant or extinct comets.",
"title": "Asteroid"
},
{
"docid": "21955606#5",
"text": "When discovered, asteroids were seen as a class of objects distinct from comets, and there was no unified term for the two until \"small Solar System body\" was coined by the IAU in 2006. The main difference between an asteroid and a comet is that a comet shows a coma due to sublimation of near-surface ices by solar radiation. A few objects have ended up being dual-listed because they were first classified as minor planets but later showed evidence of cometary activity. Conversely, some (perhaps all) comets are eventually depleted of their surface volatile ices and develop the appearance of asteroids. A further distinction is that comets typically have more eccentric orbits than most asteroids; most \"asteroids\" with notably eccentric orbits are probably dormant or extinct comets. Also, they are theorized to be common objects amongst the celestial bodies orbiting close to the Sun.",
"title": "Extinct comet"
},
{
"docid": "19400693#2",
"text": "After years of research, Dr. Cunningham finally discovered who coined the word 'asteroid'. Although 'asteroid' has been attributed to the famous astronomer William Herschel, Cunningham found evidence that it was proposed by Greek expert Charles Burney, Jr., the son of a friend of Herschel. In 2014 he discovered a previously unrecognised allusion to the aurora borealis in Milton's \"Paradise Lost\".",
"title": "Clifford Cunningham"
},
{
"docid": "208721#4",
"text": "Arthur C. Clarke coined the term in his novel \"Rendezvous with Rama\" (1972) where \"Project Spaceguard\" was the name of an early warning system created following a fictional catastrophic asteroid impact. This name was later adopted by a number of real life efforts to discover and study near-Earth objects. The name was used for the Survey \"with the permission and encouragement of Clarke.\"\nA 1992 US Congressional study produced a \"Spaceguard Survey Report\" which led to a mandate that NASA locate 90% of near-Earth asteroids larger than 1 km within 10 years. This is often referred to as the \"Spaceguard Goal.\" A number of efforts which receive money through NASA are all considered to be working on the \"Spaceguard Project.\"",
"title": "Spaceguard"
},
{
"docid": "179495#2",
"text": "On March 28, 1802, Olbers discovered and named the asteroid Pallas. Five years later, on March 29, 1807, he discovered the asteroid Vesta, which he allowed Carl Friedrich Gauss to name. As the word \"asteroid\" was not yet coined, the literature of the time referred to these minor planets as planets in their own right. He proposed that the asteroid belt, where these objects lay, was the remnants of a planet that had been destroyed. The current view of most scientists is that tidal effects from the planet Jupiter disrupted the planet-formation process in the asteroid belt. On March 6, 1815, Olbers discovered a periodic comet, now named after him (formally designated 13P/Olbers). Olbers' paradox, described by him in 1823 (and then reformulated in 1826), states that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the supposition of an infinite and eternal static universe.",
"title": "Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers"
},
{
"docid": "791#21",
"text": "Traditionally, small bodies orbiting the Sun were classified as comets, asteroids, or meteoroids, with anything smaller than one meter across being called a meteoroid. Beech and Steel's 1995 paper proposed a meteoroid definition including size limits. The term \"asteroid\", from the Greek word for \"star-like\", never had a formal definition, with the broader term minor planet being preferred by the International Astronomical Union.",
"title": "Asteroid"
}
] |
[
0.4606662392616272,
0.4475640058517456,
-0.012843661941587925,
0.3335232138633728,
0.1420016884803772,
0.0525427907705307,
0.7865126132965088,
-0.3143174946308136,
0.02008702978491783,
0.2857394814491272,
-0.2393137663602829,
-0.24298095703125,
-0.3870171308517456,
-0.05334218218922615,
-0.2802327573299408,
0.13785552978515625,
0.4886339008808136,
-0.42236328125,
-0.0418836809694767,
0.1678534597158432,
-0.008924166671931744,
0.6214735507965088,
-0.082244873046875,
0.04443783313035965,
0.3273247480392456,
0.4906955361366272,
-0.3492024838924408,
0.2190077006816864,
0.2143012136220932,
0.482421875,
0.3165012001991272,
-0.1772189736366272,
-0.14485253393650055,
0.4114990234375,
-0.2054375559091568,
0.3570285439491272,
0.5786675214767456,
-0.0453677698969841,
-0.0956081822514534,
0.4500325620174408,
-0.2898966372013092,
0.2271457314491272,
0.6430121660232544,
-0.0685814768075943,
0.1848280131816864,
0.042240992188453674,
0.1953531950712204,
-0.1079610213637352,
0.0869344100356102,
-0.0831943079829216,
-0.3095160722732544,
0.1413014680147171,
-0.08780071139335632,
-0.04683070629835129,
-0.3518473207950592,
0.5276692509651184,
0.2808431088924408,
0.5818413496017456,
0.3062608540058136,
-0.0326826311647892,
0.10516357421875,
0.2453884482383728,
0.2016059011220932,
-0.2854953408241272,
-0.054568395018577576,
0.1722429096698761,
0.1546495258808136,
-0.18475341796875,
0.4351128339767456,
0.0835418701171875,
0.3572591245174408,
0.4835611879825592,
0.3709852397441864,
0.01207648403942585,
0.1773851215839386,
0.144866943359375,
-0.1525438129901886,
0.08840518444776535,
0.3944770097732544,
-0.2486945241689682,
0.3087226152420044,
-0.0639309361577034,
-0.03180701285600662,
0.4899359941482544,
-0.4071451723575592,
0.3755289614200592,
-0.0412343330681324,
0.2695583701133728,
-0.2948404848575592,
0.3786349892616272,
-0.2924397885799408,
0.3829616904258728,
0.24160003662109375,
-0.3789198100566864,
-0.2483452707529068,
0.2835150957107544,
0.1598375141620636,
-0.2353108674287796,
0.2629936933517456,
-0.4917263388633728,
0.0524308942258358,
-0.2583550214767456,
-0.3583170473575592,
0.2875027060508728,
0.1063062846660614,
-0.4369845986366272,
-0.2657470703125,
-0.2234276682138443,
0.4167209267616272,
0.421630859375,
0.4036186933517456,
0.1050313338637352,
0.21167238056659698,
-0.13090600073337555,
0.2914767861366272,
-0.0873786062002182,
0.2872518002986908,
-0.05627186968922615,
-0.1121690571308136,
-0.8564995527267456,
0.2131415456533432,
0.0737050399184227,
-0.3375108540058136,
-0.0851372629404068,
0.052764892578125,
-0.025914350524544716,
0.5921223759651184,
-0.07428296655416489,
0.6016709804534912,
0.5123426914215088,
0.0426093190908432,
0.1294640451669693,
0.3904893696308136,
0.4740125834941864,
-0.1417931467294693,
0.27508544921875,
0.2443406879901886,
-0.0254186000674963,
0.1494666188955307,
-0.2916259765625,
-0.2303466796875,
0.2574056088924408,
-0.1785736083984375,
0.4206407368183136,
-0.5141059160232544,
0.3037516176700592,
-0.041997697204351425,
0.5099826455116272,
-0.0977410227060318,
0.4224989116191864,
0.3847385048866272,
0.3880750834941864,
-0.0858968123793602,
0.3615451455116272,
-0.3237575888633728,
0.2900204062461853,
0.5698784589767456,
0.03993310034275055,
-0.2746717631816864,
-0.1530473530292511,
0.7528754472732544,
0.3164740800857544,
0.0311906598508358,
-0.3507351279258728,
0.2911376953125,
0.016630807891488075,
0.1698032021522522,
0.2902357280254364,
0.4501139223575592,
-0.1602444052696228,
-0.0209638811647892,
0.14739990234375,
-0.025176577270030975,
0.1329820454120636,
0.06373362988233566,
0.2708197832107544,
-0.1277754008769989,
0.5356174111366272,
0.1074557825922966,
-0.1966756135225296,
0.2216118723154068,
0.1228671595454216,
0.2108289897441864,
0.027240540832281113,
0.4701063334941864,
0.2167426198720932,
-0.1627451628446579,
-0.3137969970703125,
-0.3509250283241272,
0.2938571572303772,
0.0947299525141716,
-0.0043741860426962376,
0.3524305522441864,
-0.2652452290058136,
-0.1211581751704216,
0.3055623471736908,
0.0245242640376091,
0.16240692138671875,
-0.4009874165058136,
0.2862006425857544,
-0.3876139223575592,
0.0726318359375,
-0.6112738847732544,
0.3483344316482544,
0.3754611611366272,
-0.2985568642616272,
-0.1668158620595932,
-0.1069403737783432,
-0.2010362446308136,
-0.0542517751455307,
0.2590874433517456,
0.03438907116651535,
-0.0829857736825943,
0.4521484375,
-0.2111409455537796,
0.130615234375,
-0.0236070416867733,
0.1219736710190773,
0.5216742753982544,
0.0148692661896348,
0.013355678878724575,
0.6164279580116272,
-0.11676788330078125,
-0.3409474790096283,
-0.1668497771024704,
-0.2793647050857544,
-0.06801414489746094,
-0.1416727751493454,
0.2037150114774704,
0.3743489682674408,
0.2179090678691864,
0.4092610776424408,
0.0164811871945858,
-0.2660047709941864,
0.1904975026845932,
0.3441976010799408,
0.4244384765625,
-0.0220777727663517,
0.18169106543064117,
0.1098446324467659,
0.4661458432674408,
0.37548828125,
0.0384012870490551,
0.07345962524414062,
0.5274251103401184,
-0.1475389301776886,
0.3857557475566864,
0.4570176899433136,
-0.5009494423866272,
-0.2413872629404068,
0.4501139223575592,
-0.101043701171875,
0.167236328125,
0.1582573801279068,
-0.4827474057674408,
0.1777072548866272,
0.029610952362418175,
0.06603410840034485,
0.2735426127910614,
-0.3079155683517456,
0.05291748046875,
0.3325534462928772,
0.4577094316482544,
0.427490234375,
-0.1754421591758728,
0.008521821349859238,
0.3290744423866272,
0.5003526210784912,
0.2855021059513092,
0.4447699785232544,
0.4014756977558136,
-0.2931586503982544,
-0.100616455078125,
-0.0542433001101017,
-0.2232259064912796,
-0.3259819746017456,
0.2621392011642456,
0.01440427079796791,
-0.5801052451133728,
-0.09044477343559265,
0.01146782748401165,
-0.00363201554864645,
-0.1085408553481102,
-0.17083103954792023,
0.1490749716758728,
0.4661458432674408,
0.1607123464345932,
-0.04273562878370285,
-0.1395297646522522,
-0.01735602505505085,
-0.2690294086933136,
0.4229058027267456,
-0.1530999094247818,
-0.2225375771522522,
0.14491993188858032,
0.03280215710401535,
-0.0188462994992733,
-0.1937679648399353,
0.1787584125995636,
-0.07234997302293777,
0.5689833164215088,
-0.23542362451553345,
0.281707763671875,
0.6041938066482544,
-0.14315778017044067,
-0.3004421591758728,
-0.017942853271961212,
0.5962456464767456,
-0.024344762787222862,
0.1657816618680954,
0.0507609061896801,
-0.3765462338924408,
0.0668080672621727,
0.3980170488357544,
0.3717176616191864,
0.5918239951133728,
0.2295600026845932,
-0.0881144180893898,
0.4525350034236908,
0.2327880859375,
-0.2019788920879364,
-0.13385264575481415,
-0.4000922441482544,
-0.0715128555893898,
0.1569959819316864,
-0.3373955488204956,
0.3665364682674408,
-0.2312791645526886,
0.3067084550857544,
0.2046644389629364,
0.4729275107383728,
-0.1839803010225296,
0.04059770330786705,
-0.06148041784763336,
-0.1898261159658432,
0.1933491975069046,
-0.1512586772441864,
0.4117296040058136,
-0.0964389368891716,
-0.029377831146121025,
0.035355038940906525,
-0.2070176899433136,
0.2186414897441864,
0.3907335102558136,
-0.3844774067401886,
0.1703559011220932,
-0.0596991628408432,
0.005572848953306675,
0.1138203963637352,
0.07085270434617996,
0.347412109375,
-0.0010240343399345875,
-0.1056688129901886,
0.1473659873008728,
0.0996229350566864,
0.2937282919883728,
0.4335259199142456,
-0.1678737998008728,
0.2407769113779068,
-0.2308214008808136,
0.1140001118183136,
0.2336900532245636,
0.6732584834098816,
0.2290852814912796,
0.1992628276348114,
0.2656114399433136,
0.1436564177274704,
-0.1037767231464386,
-0.01875813864171505,
0.2743733823299408,
0.1956363320350647,
0.021756913512945175,
0.17903560400009155,
0.1519097238779068,
-0.2311062216758728,
-0.2228664755821228,
-0.044797156006097794,
0.4873860776424408,
0.511474609375,
0.3828125,
0.1730482280254364,
0.4927571713924408,
0.53955078125,
-0.056915283203125,
-0.3125135600566864,
-0.2734239399433136,
0.021639717742800713,
-0.03744401037693024,
-0.01999410055577755,
-0.1843668669462204,
0.4660237729549408,
-0.0283237025141716,
-0.004729747772216797,
0.10791736096143723,
-0.0709771066904068,
-0.1088968887925148,
0.4129774272441864,
0.0514645054936409,
0.2279323935508728,
0.0333218052983284,
0.04014990106225014,
0.4753689169883728,
0.5783149003982544,
0.07364951074123383,
4.245442867279053,
-0.0062616136856377125,
0.1641777902841568,
-0.3227403461933136,
-0.2139892578125,
0.2501491904258728,
0.4190267026424408,
-0.12666743993759155,
0.0367414690554142,
0.0971171036362648,
0.01239691860973835,
0.2837727963924408,
-0.0288670863956213,
-0.2709147036075592,
-0.265869140625,
0.1877509206533432,
0.2950981855392456,
0.3425835371017456,
-0.1083255335688591,
0.3771158754825592,
-0.4390733540058136,
0.1526082307100296,
-0.011968400329351425,
-0.0679507777094841,
0.21435546875,
0.3038601279258728,
0.2414279580116272,
0.0995008647441864,
0.0991990864276886,
0.0409868024289608,
0.0941908061504364,
-0.1059536412358284,
-0.09926944226026535,
0.2867974042892456,
-0.8294270634651184,
-0.09386444091796875,
0.4431694746017456,
0.2577718198299408,
-0.016603682190179825,
0.05269114300608635,
-0.2714979350566864,
0.2246771901845932,
0.1978488564491272,
0.3559027910232544,
0.0828993022441864,
-0.4160427451133728,
-0.1812065988779068,
0.4363606870174408,
0.011924002319574356,
-0.1903889924287796,
0.2110527902841568,
0.0884280726313591,
-0.1180555522441864,
-0.2735460102558136,
0.3645290732383728,
0.380859375,
-0.0576409250497818,
0.3355170488357544,
0.05274356156587601,
-0.3525255024433136,
0.0254652239382267,
0.02224053256213665,
-0.3012288510799408,
0.3908420205116272,
-0.0767737478017807,
-0.002468532882630825,
0.5351291298866272,
0.2460971474647522,
0.3630506694316864,
0.1733669638633728,
0.1973334401845932,
0.3497992753982544,
0.2154744416475296,
-0.3278266191482544,
0.017019907012581825,
-0.2584906816482544,
-0.5661349892616272,
-0.1266547292470932,
0.10601382702589035,
-0.1707322895526886,
0.1703389436006546,
-0.02829827181994915,
-0.06196509301662445,
0.2178615927696228,
-0.2072482705116272,
0.6292317509651184,
0.1189168319106102,
-0.4887152910232544,
0.4456651508808136,
0.1010199636220932,
0.3053792417049408,
-0.1258273720741272,
-0.0516086146235466,
-0.1767713725566864,
0.2268134206533432,
-0.02690633200109005,
0.0308388601988554,
-3.973741292953491,
0.3613823652267456,
-0.02126651257276535,
0.0790337473154068,
0.1131388321518898,
-0.2813042402267456,
0.0713687464594841,
0.1899990439414978,
-0.5080295205116272,
0.6761610507965088,
-0.1330685019493103,
0.3734537661075592,
-0.0940178781747818,
0.7862955927848816,
0.2479519248008728,
0.11282941699028015,
0.3522135317325592,
0.1224941685795784,
0.1671091765165329,
-0.0473310686647892,
0.1224907785654068,
0.1396145224571228,
0.6111111044883728,
-0.31951904296875,
0.07299041748046875,
-0.15250438451766968,
0.0994415283203125,
-0.3839246928691864,
0.1406622976064682,
0.0776045024394989,
-0.3557264506816864,
0.07002343237400055,
0.66455078125,
-0.3266059160232544,
0.3786485493183136,
0.2896728515625,
0.3775227963924408,
0.4170464277267456,
0.4278428852558136,
0.5458170771598816,
-0.0639834925532341,
0.3074272871017456,
0.3430989682674408,
0.2075059711933136,
-0.0668724924325943,
-0.0593041330575943,
-0.3738878071308136,
0.1498616486787796,
-0.1658257395029068,
-0.11406411230564117,
0.2111545205116272,
0.39404296875,
-0.3448079526424408,
0.1178266704082489,
0.2434488981962204,
-0.3187323808670044,
0.191650390625,
-0.2642143964767456,
0.14211781322956085,
0.6456977128982544,
0.3167046308517456,
-0.1585218608379364,
0.01320702489465475,
0.022041745483875275,
0.5508626103401184,
-0.020545747131109238,
0.1309950053691864,
0.648681640625,
0.1962517648935318,
-0.2428521066904068,
0.0982767716050148,
0.051815032958984375,
0.1170993372797966,
-0.370361328125,
0.025787353515625,
-0.007569445297122002,
0.0641445592045784,
-0.1556803435087204,
0.6885850429534912,
0.11396344751119614,
-0.2510308027267456,
0.1178385391831398,
-0.4622395932674408,
-0.06660185754299164,
2.449110269546509,
0.7205946445465088,
2.153862953186035,
0.15183670818805695,
0.210205078125,
0.4130045473575592,
0.4014756977558136,
0.4382866621017456,
-0.0802510604262352,
-0.2123752236366272,
0.1304389089345932,
-0.3127577006816864,
-0.0877787247300148,
-0.4337836503982544,
0.031067384406924248,
-0.2759060263633728,
0.5096299648284912,
-1.0599229335784912,
-0.3286404013633728,
-0.1829833984375,
0.0605519600212574,
-0.010036892257630825,
-0.4208713173866272,
0.4269070029258728,
-0.059383392333984375,
-0.07852660119533539,
-0.05035824328660965,
0.12420061230659485,
0.1375325471162796,
-0.1190219447016716,
0.1470133513212204,
0.0993771031498909,
0.2814399003982544,
-0.2721422016620636,
0.0997195765376091,
0.2170681357383728,
0.0519934743642807,
4.708333492279053,
-0.2132703959941864,
-0.3046332597732544,
0.07655080407857895,
-0.2320760041475296,
0.2218305766582489,
0.2203826904296875,
-0.0311431884765625,
-0.08786264806985855,
0.10809114575386047,
0.2703789472579956,
0.2108476459980011,
-0.0629255473613739,
0.16460758447647095,
-0.00695037841796875,
-0.09311676025390625,
0.05736033245921135,
0.1551038920879364,
0.12824207544326782,
0.1089257150888443,
0.13761308789253235,
0.04561275988817215,
0.3536512553691864,
-0.03822411596775055,
-0.1899210661649704,
0.2940402626991272,
0.1816202849149704,
-0.3187934160232544,
-0.0712873637676239,
0.4855143129825592,
-0.02371894009411335,
5.451822757720947,
0.3223334550857544,
0.2403428852558136,
-0.4231499433517456,
0.04731665551662445,
0.2539469301700592,
-0.3679063618183136,
-0.2603556215763092,
-0.088104248046875,
-0.017225690186023712,
0.029369141906499863,
0.0052490234375,
0.0956166610121727,
0.170654296875,
0.4020453691482544,
0.31640625,
0.0864478200674057,
-0.3627522885799408,
0.06846152245998383,
-0.3002658486366272,
0.4359809160232544,
0.0658857524394989,
0.2126057893037796,
-0.3827853798866272,
0.0836419016122818,
-0.2715318500995636,
-0.15322643518447876,
-0.2137586772441864,
-0.2104085236787796,
-0.033797793090343475,
0.5715060830116272,
0.1263529509305954,
-0.1767103374004364,
0.02800750732421875,
0.0357462577521801,
0.2710232138633728,
0.390625,
-0.2126753032207489,
-0.0119781494140625,
0.0824856236577034,
0.0612318255007267,
0.3595377504825592,
-0.1647372841835022,
0.0030721027869731188,
-0.2025214284658432,
0.023249519988894463,
-0.2977159321308136,
0.1195407435297966,
-0.08300484716892242,
0.0990414097905159,
0.012209892272949219,
-0.0784200057387352,
0.9557834267616272,
0.0913933664560318,
0.4698893129825592,
0.2951795756816864,
0.048736572265625,
0.1303151398897171,
0.012454562820494175,
-0.09134016931056976,
0.8664279580116272,
0.03314410150051117,
0.2012803852558136,
0.3720024824142456,
0.4166666567325592,
0.4185926616191864,
0.6311306357383728,
0.0034142599906772375,
0.6795247197151184,
-0.1658732146024704,
0.05178377404808998,
0.0730726420879364,
0.04349348321557045,
0.3347981870174408,
-0.0589328333735466,
0.1880967915058136,
-0.2296956330537796,
-0.0917222797870636,
0.0446200892329216,
0.1939324289560318,
-0.02940792590379715,
-0.10143455117940903,
-0.5694715976715088,
0.12048975378274918,
-0.008030785247683525,
-0.3116455078125,
-0.3645290732383728,
0.1539577841758728,
0.3716769814491272,
0.05699729919433594,
0.2125651091337204,
0.07194730639457703,
0.0886739119887352,
0.4316541850566864,
0.416259765625,
-0.01691553369164467,
0.3742811381816864,
0.3040567934513092,
-0.1306847482919693,
0.19964599609375,
-0.12942886352539062,
0.3004692792892456,
-0.0352291539311409,
0.1806165874004364,
0.1566263884305954,
-0.14638455212116241,
0.2372368723154068,
-0.07973819226026535,
0.1274312287569046,
0.0584886334836483,
0.5156792402267456,
0.13955286145210266,
-0.0043504503555595875,
-0.05549049377441406,
0.022348828613758087
] |
2049
|
When was Wolfenstein: The New Order first released?
|
[
{
"docid": "39327151#0",
"text": "Wolfenstein: The New Order is an action-adventure first-person shooter video game developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks. It was released on 20 May 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. The game is the seventh main entry in the \"Wolfenstein\" series and the sequel to 2009's \"Wolfenstein\", set in an alternate history 1960s Europe where the Nazis won the Second World War. The story follows war veteran William \"B.J.\" Blazkowicz and his efforts to stop the Nazis from ruling over the world.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
},
{
"docid": "39327151#12",
"text": "The existence of \"Wolfenstein: The New Order\" was first acknowledged by Bethesda Softworks on 7 May 2013, through the release of an announcement trailer. Prior to this, Bethesda teased the upcoming project by releasing three images with the caption \"1960\". Though originally due for release in late 2013, the game was delayed to 2014 in order for the developers to further \"polish\" the game. In February 2014, it was announced that \"The New Order\" would launch on 20 May 2014 in North America, on 22 May 2014 in Australia, and on 23 May 2014 in Europe. The Australian and European release dates were later pushed forward, resulting in a worldwide launch on 20 May 2014. All pre-orders of the game granted the purchaser an access code to the \"Doom\" beta, developed by id Software. For the German release of \"The New Order\", all Nazi symbols and references were removed; it is a criminal offence to display Nazi imagery on toys in Germany. Following the game's release, MachineGames began developing \"\", a standalone expansion pack set before the events of \"The New Order\". It was released in May 2015.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "45617112#0",
"text": "Wolfenstein: The Old Blood is an action-adventure first-person shooter video game developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks. It was released on 5 May 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. The game is a stand-alone title in the \"Wolfenstein\" series and a prequel to 2014's \"\", set in an alternate-history 1946. The single-player story follows war veteran William \"B.J.\" Blazkowicz and his efforts to discover the locations of a Nazi compound. Development began in 2014, soon after the release of \"The New Order\".",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The Old Blood"
},
{
"docid": "39327151#3",
"text": "At release, \"Wolfenstein: The New Order\" received generally positive reviews, with praise particularly directed at the combat and the narrative of the game. Critics considered it a positive change to the series and nominated it for multiple year-end accolades, including Game of the Year and Best Shooter awards from several gaming publications. A stand-alone expansion was released in May 2015, set before the events of the game and entitled \"\". A sequel, \"\", was released in October 2017.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
},
{
"docid": "39327151#22",
"text": "\"Wolfenstein: The New Order\" was released to mostly positive reviews. Metacritic calculated an average score of 81 out of 100 based on 23 reviews for the Windows version, 79 out of 100 based on 18 reviews for the Xbox One version and 73 reviews for the PlayStation 4 version. Reviewers liked the game's concept, narrative and combat mechanics.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
},
{
"docid": "42996910#0",
"text": "Wolfenstein: The New Order (Original Game Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to the video game \"\". The soundtrack was released on 19 May 2014, consisting of an original score featured in the game. Composer Mick Gordon took inspiration from multiple sources while producing the soundtrack, ultimately creating over six hours of music. Critical reception to the soundtrack was positive, as reviewers considered that the music had been appropriated effectively for gameplay.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order (soundtrack)"
},
{
"docid": "22948674#3",
"text": "The development of \"Wolfenstein RPG\" has been a long and difficult task involving id Software, Firemint Software and Electronic Arts and many months of development. Mobile version was released in late 2008. EA Mobile announced the availability of Wolfenstein RPG on August 14, 2009, a new take on the classic game originally created by id Software, on the App Store. Wolfenstein RPG is a worldwide release to all territories that host the iTunes App Store, including Germany. It is compatible with iPhone and iPod touch and minimum requires is iPhone OS 2.2.1 or later. \"Wolfenstein RPG\" is the fourth generation of our turn-based titles under EA Mobile John Carmack, founder and technical director at id Software said that, \"The App Store version is dramatically better than on any other platform, with by an order of magnitude more media in high resolution graphics and audio, all rendered fast and smooth with hardware OpenGL graphics acceleration.\"",
"title": "Wolfenstein RPG"
},
{
"docid": "39327151#30",
"text": "At E3 2017, Bethesda announced \"\", a sequel to \"The New Order\". It was released on 27 October 2017.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
},
{
"docid": "39327151#11",
"text": "After developer MachineGames was founded, the employees all began brainstorming ideas, and pitching them to publishers. In June 2009, MachineGames owner ZeniMax Media acquired id Software and all of its property, including \"Doom\", \"Quake\" and \"Wolfenstein\". Bethesda Softworks, who had previously declined a pitch from MachineGames, suggested that they develop a new game from a franchise acquired by ZeniMax. MachineGames inquired about developing a new game in the \"Wolfenstein\" series; the studio visited id Software, who approved of MachineGames' request for a new \"Wolfenstein\" game. By November 2010, paperwork was signed, allowing MachineGames to develop \"Wolfenstein: The New Order\". Preliminary development lasted approximately three years.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
},
{
"docid": "39327151#28",
"text": "Within a week of its release, \"Wolfenstein: The New Order\" became the second best-selling game of 2014 in the United Kingdom, behind \"Titanfall\". The game also topped the weekly UK charts in its first week, totaling a quarter of all games sold in the region and accounting for 36% of revenue. According to \"MCV\", it was the 22nd best-selling game of 2014 in the UK. In the United States, the game was the fourth and seventh best-selling game of May and June 2014, respectively. The game was also ranked the fifth and fourteenth best-selling digital PlayStation 4 game of May and June 2014, respectively. In its first week in Japan, the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4 versions of the game were placed on the charts at 15th and 8th, respectively, collectively selling over 11,000 units. By June 2014, the game had sold almost 400,000 physical units in Europe, equating to over €21 million.",
"title": "Wolfenstein: The New Order"
}
] |
[
0.2747051417827606,
-0.12904034554958344,
0.010258014313876629,
-0.03508993238210678,
-0.21275798976421356,
0.20435626804828644,
0.40378981828689575,
-0.2817476689815521,
0.21251033246517181,
0.2689960300922394,
-0.30980798602104187,
-0.21733680367469788,
-0.27438589930534363,
0.11305119097232819,
-0.042601365596055984,
-0.4982534646987915,
0.4142315089702606,
0.2218393236398697,
0.1227874755859375,
0.3291860818862915,
-0.18464542925357819,
0.544508695602417,
0.18377216160297394,
-0.11366154253482819,
0.019183818250894547,
-0.055743876844644547,
-0.0829966589808464,
0.5357008576393127,
-0.09289433062076569,
0.5521897673606873,
0.21247276663780212,
-0.13799579441547394,
-0.3424823582172394,
0.8072791695594788,
-0.3062345087528229,
0.2892855107784271,
0.009047875180840492,
0.17282280325889587,
0.2560976445674896,
-0.0033754201140254736,
-0.29120343923568726,
-0.25632184743881226,
0.8845027089118958,
-0.103790283203125,
0.24726749956607819,
0.37855881452560425,
0.23258620500564575,
0.012834989465773106,
-0.014667217619717121,
0.013889019377529621,
-0.4287203252315521,
-0.08397381007671356,
-0.058244116604328156,
-0.1462775021791458,
-0.6885892152786255,
0.5529221892356873,
-0.2565859258174896,
0.15865853428840637,
0.08749030530452728,
0.022420180961489677,
0.2548358738422394,
0.18673354387283325,
0.06440353393554688,
-0.05463644117116928,
0.09585101902484894,
0.16723984479904175,
-0.048135023564100266,
-0.0024505762849003077,
0.12817618250846863,
0.02024107798933983,
-0.14927086234092712,
0.3147723972797394,
0.4737642705440521,
-0.01670544035732746,
-0.16152426600456238,
-0.12821197509765625,
0.03650393709540367,
0.30318742990493774,
0.21653865277767181,
-0.39635980129241943,
0.48672249913215637,
-0.19589468836784363,
-0.2976754903793335,
-0.06848760694265366,
0.11498436331748962,
0.32728928327560425,
0.07074253261089325,
0.12044584006071091,
0.16810372471809387,
0.3924466669559479,
0.1724204272031784,
-0.07263418287038803,
0.15547062456607819,
0.06288520991802216,
-0.024595113471150398,
0.3778545558452606,
0.12108201533555984,
-0.4116680324077606,
0.04749532788991928,
-0.23944678902626038,
0.34881120920181274,
-0.26736214756965637,
-0.1204833984375,
0.4204477071762085,
0.4183443486690521,
-0.4476224482059479,
-0.42202523350715637,
0.36397141218185425,
0.18494239449501038,
0.44871169328689575,
0.4711162745952606,
-0.24215933680534363,
-0.12111018598079681,
-0.3897611200809479,
0.1329885572195053,
0.3250826299190521,
0.333732008934021,
-0.12383094429969788,
-0.34761399030685425,
-0.5708665251731873,
0.5488469004631042,
0.3678729832172394,
-0.1911550611257553,
-0.1519388109445572,
-0.5884446501731873,
-0.47427603602409363,
0.49241286516189575,
0.05468764528632164,
0.73583984375,
0.47047775983810425,
-0.07412485033273697,
0.05451202392578125,
0.3362943232059479,
0.49883562326431274,
-0.2004934400320053,
-0.11246431618928909,
0.284976065158844,
-0.19257237017154694,
-0.3616403341293335,
-0.009026160463690758,
-0.3464120626449585,
0.3892916142940521,
-0.0013703566510230303,
0.40931349992752075,
-0.11633476614952087,
0.09180156886577606,
-0.12006554007530212,
0.2882455587387085,
0.15620774030685425,
0.3331298828125,
0.5963792204856873,
0.2877304255962372,
0.04684770852327347,
0.5561147928237915,
0.015527578070759773,
0.06164785474538803,
0.4248798191547394,
-0.005461472552269697,
-0.5840782523155212,
0.41207414865493774,
0.724778413772583,
0.23291015625,
-0.14948390424251556,
-0.13135498762130737,
0.13241459429264069,
0.20342782139778137,
-0.13963435590267181,
0.11192695796489716,
0.5940504670143127,
-0.22353890538215637,
-0.4329364597797394,
-0.06861173361539841,
-0.024802135303616524,
-0.17464974522590637,
0.15690964460372925,
0.12464082986116409,
-0.2242361158132553,
-0.060774289071559906,
-0.15165945887565613,
-0.05966421216726303,
0.3166128396987915,
0.11408057808876038,
0.152974933385849,
0.09862342476844788,
0.67626953125,
0.15608566999435425,
0.08636247366666794,
0.1876150220632553,
-0.31341081857681274,
0.41900163888931274,
0.42144304513931274,
0.24725459516048431,
0.5134840607643127,
-0.14493590593338013,
0.08809486031532288,
-0.04876796901226044,
0.19090446829795837,
0.31284743547439575,
-0.11775676906108856,
-0.0015927827917039394,
-0.19114567339420319,
0.22244027256965637,
-0.29243820905685425,
0.3237774074077606,
0.738844633102417,
-0.2855340540409088,
-0.03614513576030731,
0.07958514988422394,
-0.2900484502315521,
-0.024318989366292953,
0.4103158712387085,
0.0696193277835846,
0.02955157868564129,
0.4622051417827606,
-0.07387851178646088,
0.49485427141189575,
0.19537353515625,
0.19078181684017181,
0.43442007899284363,
0.19915771484375,
-0.13028892874717712,
0.5298414826393127,
-0.22167029976844788,
0.07485374808311462,
0.11689171195030212,
-0.3280404806137085,
-0.024326324462890625,
-0.4607450067996979,
0.1967315673828125,
0.09372652322053909,
0.16960731148719788,
0.26324933767318726,
0.16153892874717712,
-0.3816903829574585,
0.034119512885808945,
0.08257352560758591,
0.5483961701393127,
-0.19245558977127075,
-0.05045612156391144,
-0.10745063424110413,
0.30307242274284363,
0.11309414356946945,
-0.04718516394495964,
-0.03581003099679947,
0.507737398147583,
-0.4235323369503021,
0.06268310546875,
0.43905875086784363,
-0.09690093994140625,
0.13080303370952606,
0.17968985438346863,
-0.1282333880662918,
-0.14512985944747925,
0.4774639308452606,
-0.4138559103012085,
0.07899592816829681,
0.08942472189664841,
0.0302734375,
-0.02514134906232357,
0.36990121006965637,
0.19161751866340637,
0.38717886805534363,
0.31927019357681274,
0.3690654933452606,
-0.2278371900320053,
-0.17818039655685425,
0.11373314261436462,
0.43002554774284363,
-0.17799259722232819,
0.46938851475715637,
0.572584867477417,
-0.46136474609375,
0.05173433572053909,
0.20059673488140106,
-0.26820725202560425,
-0.16657432913780212,
0.04470884054899216,
0.22306941449642181,
-0.33827561140060425,
0.22124305367469788,
0.16396859288215637,
-0.004142467863857746,
-0.19988955557346344,
0.14312919974327087,
0.15078265964984894,
0.2988750636577606,
0.24660903215408325,
-0.3496938943862915,
-0.06969422847032547,
-0.10675635933876038,
0.05569164454936981,
0.3010347783565521,
-0.3996112644672394,
-0.03561181202530861,
0.12559157609939575,
0.15828880667686462,
0.23058143258094788,
0.15940886735916138,
0.04992624372243881,
-0.2954805791378021,
0.3481210470199585,
-0.5558894276618958,
0.10761848092079163,
0.41251784563064575,
0.028545819222927094,
-0.22329947352409363,
-0.06221477687358856,
0.1584208607673645,
-0.005589118227362633,
0.44041091203689575,
0.4342134892940521,
-0.6866737008094788,
-0.17389385402202606,
0.2585824728012085,
0.10269634425640106,
0.8639197945594788,
0.3071523904800415,
0.2666766941547394,
0.5323768258094788,
0.15927359461784363,
-0.028117913752794266,
-0.376953125,
-0.369384765625,
-0.17134211957454681,
0.18441830575466156,
-0.48280686140060425,
-0.10005836933851242,
-0.23080679774284363,
0.6789926290512085,
0.26006609201431274,
0.4869149923324585,
0.30661481618881226,
-0.054996196180582047,
0.06775166094303131,
-0.14454063773155212,
0.2600942850112915,
0.0680125281214714,
0.5939565896987915,
0.19363638758659363,
-0.34054169058799744,
0.11564548313617706,
-0.1126999482512474,
0.10851787030696869,
0.32989972829818726,
0.06420253217220306,
-0.18413367867469788,
0.33123779296875,
0.17114609479904175,
0.022424180060625076,
0.26271408796310425,
0.1498565673828125,
-0.15275809168815613,
-0.03606913611292839,
-0.014318613335490227,
-0.13057884573936462,
0.28500130772590637,
0.24474628269672394,
0.2766864597797394,
0.16481369733810425,
-0.22127121686935425,
0.3260873556137085,
-0.02304546721279621,
0.42743390798568726,
-0.05377901345491409,
0.5013709664344788,
0.17059296369552612,
-0.009671724401414394,
-0.11947162449359894,
-0.12128624320030212,
0.32648175954818726,
0.04005725681781769,
-0.10118924826383591,
0.10663017630577087,
0.11105111986398697,
-0.23642203211784363,
-0.22803203761577606,
0.033123016357421875,
0.719482421875,
0.35675519704818726,
0.306884765625,
0.53076171875,
0.52197265625,
0.21039287745952606,
0.19928917288780212,
-0.45437857508659363,
-0.18717193603515625,
0.014790461398661137,
-0.024041103199124336,
0.1893075853586197,
0.16123610734939575,
0.22875037789344788,
-0.2532113790512085,
0.05666976794600487,
-0.1848115175962448,
0.018449049443006516,
-0.08130014687776566,
-0.07045342028141022,
0.3252493143081665,
0.2077871412038803,
-0.33294326066970825,
0.020348291844129562,
0.32074445486068726,
0.39193961024284363,
0.3494027853012085,
4.127553939819336,
0.09372344613075256,
0.27981802821159363,
-0.3427640497684479,
0.029384540393948555,
-0.08486997336149216,
0.08327073603868484,
-0.3702861964702606,
0.02371450513601303,
0.06627596169710159,
0.02981695719063282,
0.09274937212467194,
0.08519569039344788,
0.2624887228012085,
-0.12518075108528137,
0.07465831935405731,
0.4134145975112915,
0.03361452370882034,
0.201435387134552,
0.19575382769107819,
-0.4011981785297394,
0.44343918561935425,
0.14886650443077087,
-0.07648145407438278,
0.07886563986539841,
-0.026969322934746742,
-0.18371054530143738,
-0.03334867209196091,
0.35580679774284363,
0.22922927141189575,
0.5895057320594788,
-0.15337195992469788,
0.381061851978302,
0.06345308572053909,
-0.5993840098381042,
0.27863019704818726,
0.4557260274887085,
0.14346078038215637,
0.21708561480045319,
-0.029669027775526047,
-0.20257803797721863,
0.27111345529556274,
0.19706138968467712,
0.3965595066547394,
0.5939823985099792,
-0.46176382899284363,
-0.22832918167114258,
0.26339486241340637,
0.3254488408565521,
0.044175807386636734,
0.42844802141189575,
0.055377665907144547,
-0.08151597529649734,
-0.08790764212608337,
0.23125751316547394,
0.5297476053237915,
0.10838670283555984,
0.5209022164344788,
0.03954843431711197,
0.16035343706607819,
-0.025511007755994797,
-0.134044349193573,
0.35678336024284363,
0.21490947902202606,
-0.23496891558170319,
-0.2826772928237915,
0.28759530186653137,
0.6313664317131042,
0.1963125318288803,
0.3002084493637085,
0.26083138585090637,
0.39111328125,
0.43719953298568726,
-0.2595684230327606,
0.18861271440982819,
-0.34554582834243774,
-0.01818612962961197,
0.02550506591796875,
-0.1253286451101303,
0.054586850106716156,
-0.030529316514730453,
-0.14039494097232819,
0.10926789790391922,
0.12636390328407288,
0.10406024754047394,
0.44281476736068726,
0.08308117091655731,
-0.5484524965286255,
0.45209211111068726,
-0.08413814008235931,
0.3021240234375,
0.08709247410297394,
-0.07395465672016144,
-0.09939457476139069,
0.0737193152308464,
0.07605274021625519,
-0.03912822902202606,
-4.018178939819336,
0.16299907863140106,
-0.1358572095632553,
0.09685751050710678,
0.12483097612857819,
0.35047677159309387,
0.41220328211784363,
0.5029296875,
-0.6296574473381042,
0.575927734375,
-0.14280113577842712,
0.11952561885118484,
-0.20947147905826569,
0.5793644785881042,
0.12464317679405212,
0.21852463483810425,
0.1975778490304947,
0.2021108716726303,
0.3230966329574585,
-0.06212946027517319,
-0.5397761464118958,
0.02674146741628647,
0.3441255986690521,
0.08613117039203644,
0.1885305494070053,
-0.373779296875,
0.17354407906532288,
-0.28308016061782837,
-0.2203146070241928,
0.27567702531814575,
-0.3474076986312866,
0.0664631798863411,
0.591064453125,
-0.20648311078548431,
0.21748234331607819,
0.2922269403934479,
0.23710162937641144,
-0.17137585580348969,
0.438720703125,
0.21517223119735718,
-0.35976937413215637,
-0.1511295735836029,
0.5322828888893127,
-0.08321439474821091,
0.2867525517940521,
-0.14068016409873962,
-0.45318132638931274,
0.2700336277484894,
-0.3139554560184479,
-0.16208693385124207,
0.45502179861068726,
0.14756423234939575,
0.09395129978656769,
0.07278383523225784,
0.40142351388931274,
-0.05535419285297394,
0.00634692283347249,
0.33444449305534363,
0.31743913888931274,
0.3264535665512085,
-0.1465495228767395,
-0.025651637464761734,
0.041589297354221344,
0.2954113185405731,
-0.021770182996988297,
-0.08770282566547394,
0.3351205587387085,
0.05572979152202606,
0.29634445905685425,
-0.15948486328125,
0.5155404806137085,
0.2774564325809479,
0.046184834092855453,
-0.13319499790668488,
0.28307634592056274,
0.16608840227127075,
-0.19938777387142181,
0.02890264056622982,
0.6306715607643127,
0.2153472900390625,
-0.11935072392225266,
0.26088303327560425,
-0.3960336446762085,
0.4827411472797394,
2.300706148147583,
0.24152080714702606,
2.243314266204834,
0.2134012132883072,
0.12793086469173431,
0.2607515752315521,
-0.31704476475715637,
0.07535846531391144,
0.13885967433452606,
0.08225309103727341,
-0.20292311906814575,
-0.1538156419992447,
0.09683109819889069,
0.6054311990737915,
-0.16370949149131775,
-0.14316147565841675,
0.2891845703125,
-1.248873233795166,
0.1075785681605339,
-0.3399658203125,
0.3395150899887085,
-0.11109711229801178,
-0.06515385210514069,
0.260642409324646,
0.25089791417121887,
-0.12013009935617447,
-0.321835458278656,
0.05873804911971092,
0.2371896654367447,
-0.2949124872684479,
0.019247202202677727,
0.03300241380929947,
0.503737211227417,
-0.02607198804616928,
0.217203289270401,
0.21307373046875,
0.05684838071465492,
4.689002513885498,
0.27417227625846863,
0.12233792990446091,
0.0013132828753441572,
0.04508964717388153,
0.23427170515060425,
0.4539701044559479,
-0.13821175694465637,
0.2011953443288803,
0.12990134954452515,
0.5110802054405212,
0.37753531336784363,
0.14365650713443756,
-0.15436965227127075,
0.09682288765907288,
0.28989821672439575,
-0.21554329991340637,
0.3907095193862915,
0.3644925653934479,
0.30893179774284363,
0.6342961192131042,
-0.11568626761436462,
0.09668922424316406,
-0.15438491106033325,
0.07718834280967712,
0.15378409624099731,
-0.08286226540803909,
-0.3249136209487915,
-0.007873975671827793,
0.3284066915512085,
0.36731427907943726,
5.472055435180664,
0.07579275220632553,
-0.04592719301581383,
-0.21796409785747528,
-0.04011007398366928,
0.1575082689523697,
0.18637320399284363,
0.1952473521232605,
-0.1768258959054947,
-0.011940589174628258,
-0.13914841413497925,
0.04981525242328644,
-0.11917701363563538,
0.4298095703125,
-0.04915648326277733,
0.3277681767940521,
-0.17621788382530212,
-0.17613571882247925,
0.06456976383924484,
-0.323974609375,
0.3675537109375,
0.17955486476421356,
-0.11063230782747269,
-0.6774526834487915,
-0.32371756434440613,
-0.2648632228374481,
-0.0018674409948289394,
0.09237201511859894,
-0.20051456987857819,
-0.05065096169710159,
0.2635591924190521,
0.30069205164909363,
-0.18753521144390106,
0.2509859502315521,
-0.03889032453298569,
0.3100116550922394,
0.3015042841434479,
0.2706768214702606,
0.3663846552371979,
-0.3266507685184479,
0.4022310674190521,
0.4180767238140106,
-0.34237435460090637,
-0.003817191580310464,
0.1879648119211197,
-0.04117540270090103,
-0.07677753269672394,
-0.13947002589702606,
-0.2776630222797394,
-0.40146109461784363,
-0.0929751768708229,
-0.22890061140060425,
1.121807336807251,
0.15396469831466675,
0.7004019021987915,
0.15850947797298431,
-0.03922212868928909,
0.11461496353149414,
-0.3076265752315521,
0.09925724565982819,
0.2764446437358856,
0.1594766527414322,
0.08658834546804428,
0.37444597482681274,
0.13232421875,
0.23497596383094788,
0.35105544328689575,
0.025580186396837234,
0.6351036429405212,
-0.25229117274284363,
0.3343599736690521,
-0.1566537767648697,
0.05018527805805206,
0.08224017918109894,
-0.1773153394460678,
0.23862692713737488,
0.20148174464702606,
-0.10697819292545319,
-0.19197963178157806,
0.08499952405691147,
-0.005438217893242836,
-0.27529671788215637,
-0.3996957540512085,
-0.10795886814594269,
0.17412449419498444,
-0.14370140433311462,
-0.09874549508094788,
-0.01861278899013996,
0.4248422384262085,
0.06766099482774734,
0.3273080587387085,
0.3265005350112915,
-0.5074368715286255,
0.4651630222797394,
-0.13281485438346863,
0.03971569240093231,
0.1901516616344452,
0.19823749363422394,
0.1112823486328125,
0.015677819028496742,
-0.3265474736690521,
0.13943950831890106,
-0.21603275835514069,
-0.08436466753482819,
0.3233736455440521,
-0.30813834071159363,
0.12868045270442963,
0.08358940482139587,
0.26390939950942993,
0.00821832474321127,
0.3144061863422394,
0.38546517491340637,
0.03182895481586456,
-0.09502939134836197,
-0.01518396195024252
] |
2050
|
Does the NFL have a minor league?
|
[
{
"docid": "563405#3",
"text": "Gridiron football does not operate on a league system. Different professional leagues play by very different sets of rules in different seasons (the NFL plays 11-a-side on a 100-yard field in autumn and early winter, the CFL uses 12-a-side on a 110-yard field in summer and early fall, while arena football and the minor indoor leagues each play 8-a-side on a 50-yard field in the spring and early summer). There have been attempts at forming true minor leagues for the professional game (most recently with 2017's The Spring League); none so far have been able to balance the major leagues' requests with the ability to maintain financial solvency.",
"title": "League system"
},
{
"docid": "641277#5",
"text": "Several minor or developmental leagues, independent of the NFL, have come and gone, such as the recent United Football League and the Fall Experimental Football League, but none have lasted more than a few seasons.\nOn November 27, 2016, it was reported by CBS Sports that the NFL will present formal proposals for a developmental league or in-season academy (with Troy Vincent prepared to make recommendations) in 2017. Vincent stated \"We are ready to socialize our findings to the respective committees at the Pro Bowl, Senior Bowl, and combine\" he also stated \"We have some viable potential options that are ready to share with the Competition Committee, the Coaches Subcommittee and with some of our active and former players\", \"Our goal is to create a platform that addresses the entire football community--coaches, officials, front office personnel and players--is essential to the long-term sustainability of our game.\"",
"title": "Minor league"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "49468434#29",
"text": "In contrast with the other major sports, the National Football League does not maintain an official minor league system. The only league to have served as a minor league to the entire NFL was the NFL Europe League; NFL Europe teams were not assigned an individual NFL squad for an affiliation, but instead received prospects from all of the NFL's teams, who played in Europe during the offseason, then returned stateside in time for training camp. Individual NFL teams over the course of their history signed affiliation deals with the American Association in the 1930s, the Association of Professional Football Leagues in the 1940s, and the Atlantic Coast Football League in the 1960s. In addition to these leagues, NFL owners also operated franchises in the Arena Football League in the 2000s (decade); this arrangement differed in that the AFL teams were not directly used for player development. Arena football had its own minor league, arenafootball2, for most of the same decade.",
"title": "Professional sports leagues in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "641277#2",
"text": "While there are various semi-professional football leagues, none have any affiliation with the National Football League (NFL). The NFL and its teams have had working relationships with several independent leagues in the past, including the Association of Professional Football Leagues, the Atlantic Coast Football League, and most recently, the league owned-and-operated NFL Europe. In modern times, the NFL has developed players not ready for the active roster through each team's practice squad.",
"title": "Minor league"
},
{
"docid": "49468434#31",
"text": "A number of leagues have been \"de facto\" minor leagues without explicitly identifying as minor leagues themselves. The United Football League, which played from 2009 to 2012, had ambiguous goals in regard to its attempt to challenge the NFL as a major league and eventually settled into a position in pro football's second tier, below the NFL but above most other leagues. Two upcoming leagues, the Alliance of American Football in 2019 and the XFL in 2020 (the latter of which shares the name and some ownership with a previous XFL that played one season in 2001), are likewise in a similar level of uncertainty; the AAF so far has signed far fewer NFL players \"per capita\" than the UFL did, while the XFL has not signed any players yet.",
"title": "Professional sports leagues in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "641277#3",
"text": "Many consider the Arena Football League to have been a \"de facto\" minor league, since several NFL owners had teams in it in the mid-2000s, prior to its bankruptcy and restructuring. Arena football is played under very different conditions, and the AFL had its own minor league, af2, until 2009. Several other independent indoor football leagues that play a similar game exist.",
"title": "Minor league"
},
{
"docid": "18039775#3",
"text": "The NFL has not operated any developmental leagues since the folding of the NFL Europe League in 2007, and as of 2017 no independent minor professional leagues exist. From the time of NFL Europe's exit from the U.S. market in 1992 until the founding of the Stars Football League in 2011, there were no minor American football leagues anywhere in the country (the SFL ceased operations after its 2013 season; the Fall Experimental Football League played two seasons in 2014 and 2015).",
"title": "American football in the United States"
},
{
"docid": "9314339#69",
"text": "The National Football League is the only one of the four major sports leagues that does not have a formalized farm system. The source for almost all NFL players is college football. Drafted players from college immediately join the main team; if they fail to make the regular season roster, a limited number of players may be assigned to the practice squad. NFL teams rarely recruit players from other gridiron football leagues. American football also has the least global reach for prospects, with one exception being several players from other codes of football primarily as kickers and punters. The league's teams backed the World League (later known as NFL Europe) in the 1990s and 2000s, and purchased teams in the Arena Football League for a period in the 2000s.",
"title": "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada"
},
{
"docid": "714842#9",
"text": "The following charts list movements of franchises in the modern eras of the major North American sports leagues. It does not include:The history of the NFL fully incorporates that of the fourth American Football League, which began operation in 1960 with eight teams and became by far the most successful rival to the NFL. In 1966, the two leagues agreed to a merger that took full effect in 1970. All teams from the 1960–1969 AFL were brought intact to the NFL, and the current NFL recognizes all AFL records and statistics as its own.Relocations in the NHL have been unique in that most of the teams have changed their names after relocating, as opposed to keeping their identity with the old market. Only one NHL team that relocated—both in the pre-Original Six era and in the modern era—kept its name: the Calgary Flames.",
"title": "Relocation of professional sports teams"
},
{
"docid": "38297196#1",
"text": "The National Football League held a monopoly on professional football in the United States for most of the 1950s, a rare occurrence for a league that had at least one competing league in every year since 1934. By 1960, a group of potential professional football owners that would become known as the Foolish Club had become frustrated with their efforts to buy into the NFL (some were NFL franchise minority owners such as Harry Wismer and Ralph Wilson; others, such as Lamar Hunt and Bud Adams, had tried but failed to buy NFL teams) and formed a new league, the American Football League. It was the eighth professional football league to use the name and the fourth to be universally considered a major-league competitor to the NFL. The AFL would prove to be the NFL's most formidable challenger to date.",
"title": "List of American and Canadian cities by defunct football franchises"
}
] |
[
0.33244627714157104,
0.005003166384994984,
-0.17517852783203125,
0.05637512356042862,
0.222412109375,
0.5313965082168579,
0.4273437559604645,
-0.256234735250473,
0.09398498386144638,
0.38835448026657104,
0.09057006984949112,
-0.19819335639476776,
-0.21422119438648224,
0.45447999238967896,
-0.19620665907859802,
-0.1568656861782074,
0.6617187261581421,
0.04026489332318306,
-0.09511871635913849,
-0.052042197436094284,
-0.18079833686351776,
0.37080079317092896,
-0.14316710829734802,
-0.05832824856042862,
-0.149169921875,
0.05543174594640732,
-0.3653198182582855,
0.1409454345703125,
0.3829589784145355,
0.15939942002296448,
0.26069337129592896,
-0.2643066346645355,
-0.07636566460132599,
0.6391845941543579,
-0.12060394138097763,
0.376953125,
-0.11963043361902237,
-0.032489776611328125,
0.0019195557106286287,
0.5669921636581421,
0.04839630052447319,
0.08602599799633026,
0.3782958984375,
-0.2585082948207855,
0.23856201767921448,
0.10718689113855362,
0.13413390517234802,
0.048088885843753815,
-0.2386726438999176,
0.23653563857078552,
-0.06610870361328125,
0.12589111924171448,
0.11593246459960938,
-0.42451173067092896,
-0.13905104994773865,
0.08187256008386612,
-0.3730712831020355,
0.33649903535842896,
0.09580764919519424,
-0.14289245009422302,
0.2684082090854645,
0.07308349758386612,
-0.27562254667282104,
0.14664916694164276,
0.16678467392921448,
0.07211799919605255,
-0.1617431640625,
0.31450194120407104,
0.2178955078125,
0.1786956787109375,
0.0687255859375,
0.50146484375,
0.05000152438879013,
-0.2962280213832855,
-0.10289611667394638,
-0.5301513671875,
0.24078369140625,
0.010739135555922985,
0.33238524198532104,
-0.10746002197265625,
0.678466796875,
-0.3730224668979645,
-0.14575500786304474,
0.10593871772289276,
0.2616821229457855,
0.5233398675918579,
0.11533813178539276,
0.23448486626148224,
0.20182494819164276,
0.67431640625,
-0.56884765625,
-0.33162230253219604,
0.15410614013671875,
-0.209625244140625,
-0.014070892706513405,
0.4056640565395355,
0.2853027284145355,
0.07264785468578339,
0.08754577487707138,
-0.4972900450229645,
-0.538525402545929,
-0.12812499701976776,
-0.009997558780014515,
0.09570922702550888,
-0.009184813126921654,
-0.2856811583042145,
-0.20451049506664276,
0.0984155684709549,
0.10270385444164276,
0.12211914360523224,
0.5249267816543579,
-0.36018067598342896,
-0.10983733832836151,
-0.01899108849465847,
0.1185903549194336,
0.34003907442092896,
0.42027387022972107,
-0.2634643614292145,
-0.2115631103515625,
-0.5772460699081421,
0.24144287407398224,
0.20848636329174042,
-0.3534789979457855,
-0.08667602390050888,
-0.2817932069301605,
-0.07206115871667862,
0.5131591558456421,
0.11841125786304474,
0.51904296875,
0.618090808391571,
0.157440185546875,
0.22034911811351776,
-0.25703126192092896,
0.64599609375,
0.04118499904870987,
0.27558594942092896,
0.1534423828125,
-0.001780605292879045,
-0.71728515625,
-0.0941925048828125,
-0.3391357362270355,
-0.25654298067092896,
0.08055420219898224,
0.40504759550094604,
0.11511154472827911,
0.23566284775733948,
-0.01798858679831028,
0.4604736268520355,
0.12173309177160263,
0.2564052641391754,
0.1322866976261139,
0.08026733249425888,
-0.2782959043979645,
0.2972656190395355,
0.12694092094898224,
0.01665191724896431,
0.24202270805835724,
0.43049317598342896,
0.31639403104782104,
-0.20270386338233948,
0.782666027545929,
0.3587646484375,
0.336669921875,
-0.07708434760570526,
0.3448852598667145,
0.03145752102136612,
-0.0059028626419603825,
0.560131847858429,
0.6148926019668579,
-0.07048644870519638,
-0.19419555366039276,
0.3431030213832855,
0.22645263373851776,
0.06570281833410263,
0.33037108182907104,
0.06571578979492188,
-0.40745848417282104,
0.17077025771141052,
0.534619152545929,
-0.4549316465854645,
-0.16775207221508026,
0.23927612602710724,
0.32574462890625,
-0.057556916028261185,
0.541918933391571,
0.28105467557907104,
0.03157186508178711,
-0.020340537652373314,
-0.20061035454273224,
0.00821838341653347,
0.07761917263269424,
0.023883819580078125,
0.4335083067417145,
0.40214842557907104,
0.258819580078125,
-0.4014038145542145,
0.16525879502296448,
0.399658203125,
-0.049761105328798294,
0.3000854551792145,
-0.01764526404440403,
-0.045044708997011185,
-0.35664063692092896,
0.06875457614660263,
0.26246947050094604,
-0.33966064453125,
-0.17287597060203552,
0.049033354967832565,
-0.09185180813074112,
-0.0031387328635901213,
0.2986816465854645,
0.17318114638328552,
0.35455322265625,
-0.02187652513384819,
0.00006713867333019152,
0.43620604276657104,
-0.17450562119483948,
-0.16226501762866974,
0.4119270443916321,
0.4638427793979645,
-0.1229248046875,
0.45109862089157104,
0.03005371056497097,
-0.3633789122104645,
0.25898438692092896,
-0.5862792730331421,
-0.15221862494945526,
-0.630419909954071,
0.10317306220531464,
0.658007800579071,
0.15114745497703552,
-0.15263518691062927,
0.01515350304543972,
-0.24831542372703552,
0.27979737520217896,
0.43510740995407104,
-0.506298840045929,
-0.11577606201171875,
-0.00335693359375,
0.265167236328125,
0.08058204501867294,
-0.18894653022289276,
-0.30903321504592896,
0.04048766940832138,
0.29466551542282104,
-0.020728683099150658,
0.3090454041957855,
0.09994125366210938,
-0.33795166015625,
-0.16311034560203552,
0.09046020358800888,
-0.2054443359375,
-0.04783020168542862,
0.486572265625,
-0.09429030120372772,
0.18815918266773224,
0.24610595405101776,
-0.3153320252895355,
-0.07914581149816513,
0.2618408203125,
0.10492553561925888,
0.11629943549633026,
0.36365967988967896,
0.2843261659145355,
-0.21150512993335724,
-0.1370697021484375,
0.17437133193016052,
0.541577160358429,
-0.0035995482467114925,
0.27827149629592896,
0.42241209745407104,
-0.04056091234087944,
0.11542663723230362,
0.058868408203125,
-0.23231811821460724,
-0.48222655057907104,
0.24090576171875,
-0.040901947766542435,
-0.242767333984375,
-0.008593750186264515,
0.50537109375,
-0.06074371188879013,
-0.13707275688648224,
0.4067749083042145,
0.25456541776657104,
0.35161131620407104,
0.045121002942323685,
-0.4078369140625,
-0.08437423408031464,
0.0045227049849927425,
0.18347778916358948,
0.537524402141571,
0.11799927055835724,
0.0055103302001953125,
-0.0430755615234375,
0.2520507872104645,
0.16661377251148224,
0.2144119292497635,
-0.10545997321605682,
-0.28071290254592896,
0.717944324016571,
-0.4774414002895355,
0.34916990995407104,
0.15917357802391052,
0.14404907822608948,
-0.07396240532398224,
0.041732024401426315,
0.2707275450229645,
-0.05859565734863281,
0.510986328125,
0.47197264432907104,
-0.33909910917282104,
-0.08758544921875,
0.36378175020217896,
0.506762683391571,
0.4200439453125,
0.14140014350414276,
0.0035865784157067537,
0.6772216558456421,
0.18721619248390198,
0.06361713260412216,
-0.17273864150047302,
-0.23248291015625,
0.07488556206226349,
0.04160919040441513,
-0.395773321390152,
0.1274808943271637,
-0.25187987089157104,
0.136627197265625,
0.3369384706020355,
0.6827148199081421,
0.3141723573207855,
-0.10054779052734375,
-0.2512573301792145,
-0.3157592713832855,
0.21829834580421448,
0.0557098388671875,
0.1698150634765625,
-0.03757629543542862,
-0.10573883354663849,
0.0629415512084961,
0.04590148851275444,
-0.02002105675637722,
0.32030028104782104,
0.37933045625686646,
-0.03665422275662422,
0.23833617568016052,
0.16655579209327698,
0.2427978515625,
-0.29768067598342896,
0.08960990607738495,
-0.04830207675695419,
-0.29051512479782104,
0.22957763075828552,
0.3875488340854645,
-0.2678680419921875,
0.4482665956020355,
0.28435057401657104,
0.19300536811351776,
-0.12465210258960724,
0.17462769150733948,
0.09501953423023224,
-0.17015381157398224,
0.2357177734375,
0.032611846923828125,
0.00427322369068861,
-0.4709228575229645,
0.025181014090776443,
0.13686752319335938,
0.19135741889476776,
0.41878050565719604,
0.05045928806066513,
0.2815307676792145,
0.30646973848342896,
-0.22928467392921448,
-0.21674804389476776,
-0.1349746733903885,
0.36420899629592896,
0.5155273675918579,
-0.06212158128619194,
-0.1382904052734375,
0.6655517816543579,
0.3319335877895355,
-0.17104491591453552,
-0.5709228515625,
0.0070953369140625,
-0.18268127739429474,
-0.15317077934741974,
0.1107635498046875,
0.10006561130285263,
0.34031981229782104,
-0.17428894340991974,
-0.2796386778354645,
-0.07698364555835724,
-0.31504517793655396,
0.1114349365234375,
0.1724933683872223,
0.39002686738967896,
0.28828126192092896,
-0.2373046875,
0.09977111965417862,
0.4388671815395355,
0.2614990174770355,
0.3834228515625,
4.232812404632568,
0.21642455458641052,
-0.060489654541015625,
0.229339599609375,
-0.22712402045726776,
0.239776611328125,
0.3770385682582855,
-0.5399414300918579,
-0.22468261420726776,
0.0107574462890625,
0.03740539401769638,
0.18693237006664276,
0.04135932773351669,
0.08543548732995987,
0.24276122450828552,
0.2810607850551605,
0.617138683795929,
0.19510498642921448,
0.10813216865062714,
0.16867676377296448,
-0.3811889588832855,
0.21257324516773224,
0.5186523199081421,
0.03033752366900444,
0.5032958984375,
0.2958984375,
0.2988525331020355,
-0.04634399339556694,
0.11369933933019638,
0.29736328125,
0.09717407077550888,
-0.12166748195886612,
0.1635553389787674,
0.08446349948644638,
-0.8416503667831421,
0.23770904541015625,
0.536083996295929,
-0.07074165344238281,
0.23682861030101776,
-0.0177154541015625,
-0.13311156630516052,
-0.150126650929451,
0.631518542766571,
0.2978515625,
0.24232177436351776,
-0.06691207736730576,
-0.053356170654296875,
0.29779052734375,
0.0178680419921875,
0.3988037109375,
0.36433106660842896,
-0.04973316192626953,
-0.21712645888328552,
-0.4979003965854645,
0.20942382514476776,
0.35017091035842896,
0.16200561821460724,
0.21626587212085724,
-0.18458251655101776,
0.24104003608226776,
-0.548413097858429,
-0.14119262993335724,
0.07690582424402237,
-0.09751510620117188,
-0.17542418837547302,
-0.13496093451976776,
0.17101439833641052,
0.559619128704071,
0.15946045517921448,
-0.290771484375,
0.48681640625,
0.31831055879592896,
0.19550171494483948,
-0.2875732481479645,
0.09633636474609375,
-0.11234588921070099,
0.3407959043979645,
-0.008273696526885033,
0.01760253868997097,
0.21307373046875,
0.16436156630516052,
-0.20064696669578552,
0.11870117485523224,
0.223480224609375,
0.0051727294921875,
0.597412109375,
0.22551269829273224,
-0.011622619815170765,
0.3756957948207855,
0.03348808363080025,
0.04373788833618164,
0.16647490859031677,
0.09005279839038849,
0.39299315214157104,
-0.1327056884765625,
0.150390625,
0.19545593857765198,
-3.987499952316284,
0.2775024473667145,
0.39716798067092896,
-0.03934326022863388,
0.0228742603212595,
0.3019042909145355,
0.115264892578125,
0.31975096464157104,
-0.4640869200229645,
-0.2412872314453125,
-0.732666015625,
-0.112274169921875,
-0.25840455293655396,
0.13376159965991974,
0.10846252739429474,
0.4266113340854645,
0.30323487520217896,
0.27033692598342896,
0.5203857421875,
-0.030355071648955345,
0.09668350219726562,
0.056543730199337006,
0.09645996242761612,
-0.30006104707717896,
0.23569640517234802,
0.2599731385707855,
0.15719299018383026,
-0.09251709282398224,
-0.11604652553796768,
-0.12601318955421448,
0.3969482481479645,
0.2428131103515625,
0.45146483182907104,
-0.18767090141773224,
0.02743988111615181,
0.33189696073532104,
0.08377685397863388,
0.10730133205652237,
0.4117187559604645,
0.13705596327781677,
0.03862609714269638,
0.3809814453125,
0.4096923768520355,
0.3284545838832855,
-0.22200927138328552,
-0.029307175427675247,
-0.07127685844898224,
0.138702392578125,
-0.2891479432582855,
-0.039242934435606,
0.3594970703125,
0.10520324856042862,
-0.2566986083984375,
0.11861877143383026,
0.5636230707168579,
0.16609875857830048,
0.37175291776657104,
0.1381790190935135,
0.237213134765625,
-0.1384601593017578,
-0.246063232421875,
0.04114379733800888,
-0.09437370300292969,
-0.0053421021439135075,
0.19147948920726776,
-0.03032531775534153,
0.21635742485523224,
0.12220153957605362,
0.28387451171875,
0.02460784837603569,
0.07213745266199112,
0.21548080444335938,
0.23250427842140198,
0.186076357960701,
0.16417236626148224,
-0.13194426894187927,
-0.20905761420726776,
-0.11679382622241974,
0.40717774629592896,
0.30747681856155396,
-0.10072632133960724,
0.18273314833641052,
-0.27678221464157104,
0.173106387257576,
2.406054735183716,
-0.2579589784145355,
2.2500977516174316,
-0.02702484093606472,
-0.23154906928539276,
0.3830932676792145,
-0.3277343809604645,
0.06836624443531036,
0.22249755263328552,
-0.3758300840854645,
0.143138125538826,
-0.11924896389245987,
-0.17429809272289276,
0.36376953125,
-0.4254394471645355,
-0.4211181700229645,
0.46513670682907104,
-0.803759753704071,
0.18569335341453552,
-0.05660095065832138,
0.1610107421875,
0.16584472358226776,
-0.3652099668979645,
0.34339600801467896,
-0.24883270263671875,
0.15391846001148224,
-0.19287414848804474,
-0.2699340879917145,
0.01897735521197319,
0.06028137356042862,
0.18002167344093323,
-0.19874878227710724,
0.08041992038488388,
-0.10125160217285156,
0.017264556139707565,
0.21502685546875,
-0.042406223714351654,
4.676171779632568,
-0.01746215857565403,
0.24771729111671448,
0.07665862888097763,
0.19337768852710724,
0.1106962189078331,
0.2936645448207855,
-0.20067748427391052,
-0.03003692626953125,
-0.08586959540843964,
0.439208984375,
0.29576414823532104,
-0.3359375,
0.07110480964183807,
0.15749511122703552,
0.13849982619285583,
-0.007450866512954235,
0.07866201549768448,
0.060608673840761185,
0.046352386474609375,
0.18699626624584198,
0.28010255098342896,
0.18398132920265198,
0.0022842406760901213,
-0.1508994996547699,
0.232838436961174,
0.4111084043979645,
-0.335693359375,
-0.22019043564796448,
0.090545654296875,
0.20363768935203552,
5.482812404632568,
0.3363281190395355,
0.29583740234375,
0.27116698026657104,
-0.32011717557907104,
0.09405212104320526,
-0.21577148139476776,
0.1171875,
-0.07125244289636612,
-0.049741365015506744,
-0.2629760801792145,
-0.04511413723230362,
-0.12514647841453552,
0.03355216979980469,
0.18071898818016052,
0.2786453366279602,
-0.129852294921875,
0.09716720879077911,
0.19340209662914276,
0.16935119032859802,
0.8779296875,
-0.2069091796875,
0.32452392578125,
-0.47868651151657104,
0.04960327222943306,
-0.01600952073931694,
0.21805420517921448,
0.31657713651657104,
0.236083984375,
0.32025146484375,
0.3214111328125,
0.020999621599912643,
0.20436401665210724,
0.29743653535842896,
0.052988432347774506,
0.24266357719898224,
0.4758056700229645,
0.02125396765768528,
0.5549560785293579,
-0.013316345401108265,
0.08291015774011612,
0.636425793170929,
-0.014203762635588646,
0.1365821808576584,
-0.2586914002895355,
-0.47468262910842896,
0.02949829027056694,
0.028540516272187233,
-0.038193512707948685,
0.3464599549770355,
0.012244033627212048,
-0.15590819716453552,
0.8896484375,
0.09110116958618164,
0.605908215045929,
0.5229736566543579,
-0.16363525390625,
0.1350748986005783,
-0.15113982558250427,
-0.2067413330078125,
0.052675627171993256,
0.13640137016773224,
-0.2885986268520355,
0.7430175542831421,
0.15225830674171448,
0.3717041015625,
0.4854370057582855,
-0.04711303859949112,
0.638720691204071,
-0.15404967963695526,
-0.22723388671875,
0.24173584580421448,
-0.09862365573644638,
0.44255369901657104,
-0.23947754502296448,
0.17322692275047302,
0.629931628704071,
0.10975952446460724,
0.30097657442092896,
-0.28612059354782104,
-0.17842407524585724,
-0.5865234136581421,
-0.14723511040210724,
0.047425080090761185,
0.07395019382238388,
0.08040771633386612,
-0.48796385526657104,
-0.003341102506965399,
-0.03771953657269478,
0.08759765326976776,
0.08163299411535263,
0.06903038173913956,
-0.31914061307907104,
0.6630859375,
0.28961181640625,
-0.15096434950828552,
0.16591186821460724,
0.08952637016773224,
0.3344360291957855,
-0.04918861389160156,
0.09692306816577911,
-0.08279571682214737,
0.06962432712316513,
-0.03818817064166069,
0.211669921875,
-0.3781982362270355,
0.506054699420929,
0.05134429782629013,
-0.17545776069164276,
0.194610595703125,
0.36896973848342896,
0.35002440214157104,
0.09147262573242188,
-0.17292480170726776,
-0.26123046875
] |
2052
|
What college did Jerry Alan Fodor attend?
|
[
{
"docid": "427994#4",
"text": "Jerry Fodor was born in New York City on April 22, 1935, and was of Jewish descent. He received his A.B. degree (\"summa cum laude\") from Columbia University in 1956, where he studied with Sydney Morgenbesser, and a PhD in philosophy from Princeton University in 1960, under the direction of Hilary Putnam. From 1959 to 1986 Fodor was on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. From 1986 to 1988 he was a full professor at the City University of New York (CUNY). From 1988 until his retirement in 2016 he was State of New Jersey Professor of philosophy and cognitive science at Rutgers University in New Jersey, where he was emeritus. Besides his interest in philosophy, Fodor passionately followed opera and regularly wrote popular columns for the \"London Review of Books\" on that and other topics.",
"title": "Jerry Fodor"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "427994#0",
"text": "Jerry Alan Fodor (; April 22, 1935 – November 29, 2017) was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist. He held the position of State of New Jersey Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, at Rutgers University and was the author of many works in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive science, in which he laid the groundwork for the modularity of mind and the language of thought hypotheses, among other ideas. He was known for his provocative and sometimes polemical style of argumentation and as \"one of the principal philosophers of mind of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. In addition to having exerted an enormous influence on virtually every portion of the philosophy of mind literature since 1960, Fodor's work has had a significant impact on the development of the cognitive sciences.\"",
"title": "Jerry Fodor"
},
{
"docid": "427994#6",
"text": "Fodor (who is a close friend) is a gentle man inside a burly body, and prone to an even burlier style of arguing. He is shy and voluble at the same time ... a formidable polemicist burdened with a sensitive soul... Disagreeing with Jerry on a philosophical issue, especially one dear to his heart, can be a chastening experience... His quickness of mind, inventiveness, and sharp wit are not to be tangled with before your first cup of coffee in the morning. Adding Jerry Fodor to the faculty at Rutgers [University] instantly put it on the map, Fodor being by common consent \"the leading philosopher of mind\" in the world today. I had met him in England in the seventies and ... found him to be the genuine article, intellectually speaking (though we do not always see eye to eye).\nFodor was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received numerous awards and honors: New York State Regent's Fellowship, Woodrow Wilson Fellowship (Princeton University), Chancellor Greene Fellow (Princeton University), Fulbright Fellowship (University of Oxford), Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. He won the first Jean Nicod Prize for philosophy of mind and cognitive philosophy in 1993. His lecture series for the Prize, later published as a book by MIT Press in 1995, was titled \"The Elm and the Expert: Mentalese and Its Semantics\". In 1996–1997, Fodor delivered the prestigious John Locke Lectures at the University of Oxford, titled \"Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong\", which went on to become his 1998 Oxford University Press book of the same name. He has also delivered the Patrick Romanell Lecture on Philosophical Naturalism (2004) and the Royce Lecture on Philosophy of Mind (2002) to the American Philosophical Association, of whose Eastern Division he has served as Vice President (2004–2005) and President (2005–2006). In 2005, he won the Mind & Brain Prize.",
"title": "Jerry Fodor"
},
{
"docid": "6964271#1",
"text": "Gábor Fodor was born in Budapest. His father was Domokos Fodor, an ethnic Hungarian born in Transylvania, Romania. His mother was Paola Maria Bayer, a Roman Catholic of Jewish ancestry from Budapest. Gábor Fodor attended the University of Szeged, and he earned his Ph..D \"magna cum laude\". He isolated scopolamine, during his years working at the University of Szeged. He was awarded the highest recognition of Hungary, the Kossuth Prize in 1950. He later worked at Budapest's Chinoin Laboratories. Scopolamine was a highly important compound during World War II. \nFodor succeeded twice in escaping imprisonment, and possible internment at a concentration camp due to his Jewish ancestry, during Nazi Germany's control of Hungary. He became part of the faculty of chemistry of the University of Szeged after World War II. He remained there as Provost until 1957, when he was forced to flee the country due to his participation in faculty and student rebellions during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 against the Soviet domination of Hungary.",
"title": "Gábor Fodor (chemist)"
},
{
"docid": "31408829#1",
"text": "Fodor is from Shoreline, Washington. His biological father was from the Caribbean while his biological mother was Caucasian. Fodor along with his brother were placed in foster care, raised by a single mother, and did not actually know that they were related until they were 10 years old. In total, Fodor has three biological siblings as well as three adopted siblings, and one of his adopted brothers Ben Fodor aka Phoenix Jones is also a mixed martial artist. Fodor competed in high school wrestling at Shoreline High School, during his senior year to help prepare himself for boot camp, as he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps six days after his graduation. While he was in boot camp, the terrorist attacks of 9/11 occurred and Fodor was sent to Kuwait for the Iraq invasion. Fodor ended his stint in the military in 2007, reaching the ranks of Sergeant.",
"title": "Caros Fodor"
},
{
"docid": "19833886#4",
"text": "In February 2011, Godfrey-Smith (then a Professor at Harvard) interrupted a talk given by Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, Jerry Fodor at the \"Debating Darwin\" philosophy conference held at University of California, Santa Barbara. In the heated exchange that followed, parts of which were captured on video, Godfrey-Smith attempted to challenge Fodor on his views on the theoretical veracity of evolution by natural selection. He had already been critical of Fodor prior to the conference. Godfrey-Smith left Harvard a few months after the incident.",
"title": "Peter Godfrey-Smith"
},
{
"docid": "47689798#2",
"text": "Fodor studied in Budapest and Charlottenburg, receiving a degree in chemical engineering in 1911. At the outbreak of World War I Fodor, a firm pacifist, emigrated to Great Britain, where he worked as a chemical engineer. However, he was soon interned as an enemy alien. At the conclusion of the War, Fodor returned to Budapest. In the revolutions that shook Hungary immediately after World War I, Fodor's parents were named as \"class enemies\" by the new communist regime and killed. In the turbulent years of war and revolution, their fortune was lost as well.",
"title": "Marcel Fodor"
},
{
"docid": "34255387#2",
"text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.",
"title": "Styrene monooxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "16228651#3",
"text": "She was married to Jerry Alan Fodor until his death in 2017.",
"title": "Janet Dean Fodor"
},
{
"docid": "11247268#8",
"text": "\"We designed the building from the inside out, not the outside in,” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman and CEO. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy. This is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into that building, and a lot of pride.\"",
"title": "Brickell World Plaza"
}
] |
[
0.45394620299339294,
0.06628313660621643,
0.08848294615745544,
0.02346368320286274,
0.14154815673828125,
0.02587335743010044,
0.5375310778617859,
-0.22100137174129486,
0.42160865664482117,
0.5345348119735718,
-0.30572509765625,
-0.22193007171154022,
-0.5455433130264282,
0.44546785950660706,
-0.2891290783882141,
0.13824462890625,
0.38119229674339294,
-0.2622368633747101,
0.018093455582857132,
0.1654565930366516,
0.10798957198858261,
0.6000532507896423,
0.07316797226667404,
0.16439126431941986,
0.102996826171875,
0.4744983911514282,
-0.41354092955589294,
0.26149681210517883,
-0.3751331567764282,
0.32619407773017883,
0.3765092194080353,
-0.2536454498767853,
-0.20264782011508942,
-0.07078413665294647,
-0.5947431921958923,
0.09888250380754471,
-0.005021615419536829,
-0.2619739770889282,
-0.06220037117600441,
0.4622025787830353,
0.09711109846830368,
0.39475318789482117,
0.17769275605678558,
-0.09550337493419647,
0.19512662291526794,
0.20224276185035706,
0.23463717103004456,
0.18830178678035736,
-0.061745382845401764,
0.18166837096214294,
-0.7681551575660706,
-0.09642085433006287,
0.1742956042289734,
0.07870552688837051,
-0.16402573883533478,
0.3539178967475891,
0.2775060534477234,
0.5009987354278564,
-0.07462657243013382,
-0.08508387207984924,
0.42489346861839294,
-0.051488399505615234,
-0.24252042174339294,
-0.16330094635486603,
0.054898347705602646,
0.4918323755264282,
0.11322298645973206,
-0.03315943107008934,
-0.2928411364555359,
0.5172895789146423,
0.14980246126651764,
0.31515225768089294,
0.4424271881580353,
-0.11088145524263382,
-0.06843150407075882,
-0.07981178909540176,
-0.2578534185886383,
0.13695040345191956,
0.5625444054603577,
-0.005834406241774559,
0.8567560315132141,
-0.17449951171875,
0.00572065869346261,
0.7969194054603577,
0.37015047669410706,
0.30868253111839294,
-0.08081123977899551,
0.017852783203125,
0.04184514656662941,
0.558349609375,
-0.4916548430919647,
0.2783674895763397,
0.025525180622935295,
0.20675936341285706,
0.11543412506580353,
0.33138760924339294,
-0.022457469254732132,
0.18330521881580353,
0.2617631256580353,
-0.3846324682235718,
-0.09502064436674118,
-0.23605623841285706,
-0.04459415748715401,
0.4282642602920532,
0.21506570279598236,
-0.49045631289482117,
-0.5377086400985718,
-0.0026890148874372244,
0.13894185423851013,
0.20154918730258942,
0.6321244835853577,
-0.28359153866767883,
0.35791015625,
-0.3977702856063843,
0.06998790055513382,
-0.09605130553245544,
0.40219947695732117,
-0.18937821686267853,
0.16791430115699768,
-0.7055553197860718,
0.29592064023017883,
0.7158203125,
-0.18510852754116058,
-0.22472034394741058,
-0.17602816224098206,
-0.18407092988491058,
0.52880859375,
0.22105269134044647,
0.6091086864471436,
0.37990501523017883,
0.12828756868839264,
-0.09072459489107132,
0.3243963122367859,
0.5262784361839294,
0.43943092226982117,
-0.2924749255180359,
-0.04376636818051338,
0.34396085143089294,
0.27817049622535706,
-0.32632169127464294,
-0.6051358580589294,
-0.16440652310848236,
0.33225804567337036,
0.6564053893089294,
0.5299405455589294,
0.15566600859165192,
-0.24122203886508942,
0.2701526880264282,
0.07240711897611618,
-0.043107639998197556,
0.09514687210321426,
0.43295010924339294,
0.05168671905994415,
0.3987593352794647,
0.20536699891090393,
0.22437910735607147,
0.3843883275985718,
0.37441185116767883,
0.4890913665294647,
-0.3158402740955353,
0.7049449682235718,
0.3545365631580353,
-0.034749116748571396,
0.09013783186674118,
0.46939364075660706,
0.3304609954357147,
-0.27207252383232117,
0.6756924986839294,
0.47543057799339294,
-0.6901189684867859,
-0.4786487817764282,
0.3249067962169647,
0.09264304488897324,
0.0914526879787445,
0.0928240716457367,
0.15163351595401764,
-0.5404329895973206,
0.17317892611026764,
-0.04086843505501747,
-0.24286165833473206,
0.004746307153254747,
0.6715642809867859,
0.27731046080589294,
0.5684259533882141,
0.5873135924339294,
0.10224047303199768,
-0.05719965323805809,
-0.37972745299339294,
-0.26558616757392883,
0.10408713668584824,
-0.08334489166736603,
0.28329190611839294,
0.6567493677139282,
0.3535960912704468,
0.202850341796875,
0.061230745166540146,
-0.03789867088198662,
0.27040794491767883,
0.07762839645147324,
-0.05647069588303566,
0.01101407129317522,
-0.13902975618839264,
-0.15226607024669647,
0.3272705078125,
0.177490234375,
-0.07749522477388382,
0.0015009100316092372,
-0.045937277376651764,
-0.3038330078125,
-0.4634898900985718,
-0.26801368594169617,
-0.0028173273894935846,
-0.3758434057235718,
0.3514459729194641,
0.18631292879581451,
0.21174205839633942,
-0.19768333435058594,
-0.057988252490758896,
0.5498268604278564,
-0.3156072497367859,
-0.1614934802055359,
0.22261185944080353,
0.18033669888973236,
-0.008968699723482132,
0.17034010589122772,
-0.14959993958473206,
-0.07248999923467636,
0.0531005859375,
0.11712923645973206,
0.4610706567764282,
0.583984375,
-0.41458407044410706,
0.31687232851982117,
-0.2305908203125,
0.31679466366767883,
-0.029951615259051323,
-0.1428278088569641,
-0.16696999967098236,
-0.1392572522163391,
-0.14702259004116058,
0.28170499205589294,
-0.004016009159386158,
-0.02813512645661831,
0.3144087493419647,
0.22836580872535706,
-0.4913440942764282,
0.5716497302055359,
-0.19788499176502228,
-0.279022216796875,
-0.252960205078125,
0.021134810522198677,
-0.3982599377632141,
-0.3037608861923218,
0.19493795931339264,
0.04404657706618309,
0.3048872649669647,
0.13576160371303558,
-0.22908158600330353,
-0.2746290862560272,
0.19113436341285706,
0.5346457958221436,
-0.4713689684867859,
0.37344637513160706,
0.028347361832857132,
-0.4300980865955353,
-0.3737016022205353,
0.048516012728214264,
0.4610040783882141,
0.22495894134044647,
0.26819124817848206,
0.8856977820396423,
-0.33767977356910706,
-0.03163996711373329,
-0.0061978427693247795,
-0.4861283600330353,
-0.20100541412830353,
0.20713113248348236,
0.1206408441066742,
-0.3430952727794647,
0.4747203588485718,
0.5813875794410706,
-0.10751897841691971,
-0.15006603300571442,
-0.03549541160464287,
0.15311501920223236,
0.42990943789482117,
-0.5473411083221436,
0.1549530029296875,
-0.020355917513370514,
0.20192648470401764,
0.5517799854278564,
0.3706498444080353,
-0.22628507018089294,
-0.4873712658882141,
0.1495770514011383,
0.35311058163642883,
0.2032470703125,
0.04755323752760887,
0.11953458189964294,
-0.15971235930919647,
0.5007768273353577,
-0.5129838585853577,
0.33523836731910706,
0.5594815611839294,
0.09952198714017868,
-0.4042302966117859,
-0.043289877474308014,
0.4424937963485718,
-0.43752220273017883,
0.36275967955589294,
0.7584783434867859,
-0.13335002958774567,
-0.18260054290294647,
0.40224388241767883,
0.5999644994735718,
0.5726873278617859,
0.11248224228620529,
-0.14518044888973236,
0.8450816869735718,
-0.06553094834089279,
-0.021228443831205368,
0.00019073486328125,
-0.25162574648857117,
-0.20243696868419647,
0.25753507018089294,
-0.25806495547294617,
0.4260919690132141,
-0.3626598119735718,
0.47940340638160706,
0.2952880859375,
0.33987703919410706,
-0.038956381380558014,
0.01680963672697544,
0.07540719956159592,
-0.42183616757392883,
0.279296875,
0.39206764101982117,
0.6311256885528564,
-0.10764243453741074,
-0.1803644299507141,
-0.3384454846382141,
-0.246337890625,
0.007665807381272316,
0.3570445775985718,
-0.37240323424339294,
-0.05120321735739708,
0.06464593857526779,
0.15441617369651794,
0.12377513200044632,
0.16867898404598236,
-0.03287922218441963,
0.011310621164739132,
-0.27499112486839294,
-0.16637073457241058,
-0.0376257449388504,
0.010889226570725441,
0.5011541247367859,
0.46346768736839294,
0.09295654296875,
-0.15115079283714294,
0.15666823089122772,
0.1995294690132141,
0.1515294909477234,
0.19491299986839294,
0.3628373444080353,
0.0972980186343193,
0.24793173372745514,
0.4539684057235718,
0.14349365234375,
0.3044683337211609,
-0.22378817200660706,
0.2641851305961609,
-0.1464836746454239,
0.5354225635528564,
-0.34720125794410706,
-0.18058083951473236,
-0.03605513274669647,
0.4673295319080353,
0.5080788135528564,
0.055455293506383896,
-0.07817389816045761,
0.4445134997367859,
0.17479635775089264,
-0.010587519034743309,
-0.11334228515625,
-0.20674271881580353,
-0.011392766609787941,
-0.2881358861923218,
0.16141162812709808,
-0.05540362372994423,
0.3772083520889282,
-0.15151144564151764,
0.2757568359375,
0.1645563244819641,
-0.019584309309720993,
-0.22750161588191986,
0.01791173778474331,
-0.012989390641450882,
0.2739701569080353,
0.22763894498348236,
-0.00900545995682478,
0.46462181210517883,
0.8654563426971436,
0.1655523180961609,
4.116122245788574,
0.07312843948602676,
0.19219693541526794,
-0.04569239914417267,
-0.1250617355108261,
0.08664148300886154,
0.33521756529808044,
0.1521015614271164,
-0.05731964111328125,
-0.14058615267276764,
-0.4111993908882141,
-0.20112194120883942,
0.0034938291646540165,
0.7197487354278564,
0.11040566116571426,
0.35898658633232117,
0.33054420351982117,
0.030159689486026764,
0.13295815885066986,
0.4228959381580353,
-0.21841707825660706,
0.7385032176971436,
0.14498068392276764,
0.43734464049339294,
0.502197265625,
-0.0529290996491909,
0.5377530455589294,
0.09220192581415176,
0.2941339612007141,
0.16920748353004456,
0.30485257506370544,
-0.3543146252632141,
-0.011945897713303566,
0.6368075013160706,
-1.122514247894287,
0.665283203125,
0.4570756256580353,
-0.037931010127067566,
0.18724198639392853,
0.2821294665336609,
-0.2541947662830353,
-0.43521395325660706,
0.2959428131580353,
0.2930464446544647,
0.04676419869065285,
-0.23995833098888397,
-0.14849020540714264,
0.2625621557235718,
-0.20562744140625,
0.3821300268173218,
0.27005836367607117,
0.03722034767270088,
0.28835228085517883,
-0.08865911513566971,
-0.021149374544620514,
0.44369229674339294,
0.2598211169242859,
0.1874750256538391,
0.17195267975330353,
0.011893879622220993,
0.2776739001274109,
0.05651300773024559,
0.5346013903617859,
-0.057325538247823715,
-0.09849964827299118,
0.5177556872367859,
-0.2486932873725891,
0.1823064684867859,
-0.1919611096382141,
0.36361971497535706,
1.0055930614471436,
0.2406671643257141,
0.3853093981742859,
-0.09424383193254471,
0.5009321570396423,
-0.1318609118461609,
-0.026220321655273438,
0.11332841217517853,
-0.13483081758022308,
0.22627396881580353,
-0.21659158170223236,
0.044310830533504486,
0.1423894762992859,
0.2897505462169647,
0.21324296295642853,
0.3420299291610718,
0.09805020689964294,
-0.13815030455589294,
0.3495316803455353,
-0.058814309537410736,
0.25716885924339294,
-0.1355358511209488,
0.05958695709705353,
0.0668993890285492,
0.3917347192764282,
-0.1773681640625,
-0.3070734143257141,
-3.973188877105713,
0.14668966829776764,
0.29715868830680847,
0.06757979094982147,
-0.1075439453125,
0.11213822662830353,
-0.11736297607421875,
0.43252840638160706,
-0.7158647179603577,
0.12962757050991058,
0.3059636950492859,
0.31607332825660706,
-0.08148124068975449,
0.8864080309867859,
0.2654252350330353,
0.06182861328125,
0.48655006289482117,
0.29823997616767883,
0.2452392578125,
-0.014235583133995533,
0.00636430224403739,
-0.30124178528785706,
0.21217484772205353,
-0.5078985095024109,
-0.03742356598377228,
0.09985282272100449,
-0.20439667999744415,
-0.4361017346382141,
0.22474808990955353,
0.1845758557319641,
-0.2684881091117859,
0.35858154296875,
0.7422319054603577,
0.13539816439151764,
0.18080277740955353,
0.7189275622367859,
0.17533735930919647,
0.17581766843795776,
0.8466352820396423,
0.08020851761102676,
0.06770741194486618,
0.1653345227241516,
0.18845714628696442,
0.620361328125,
0.04983416572213173,
0.24188648164272308,
-0.22826038300991058,
-0.07829249650239944,
-0.14160989224910736,
0.19504894316196442,
0.22238436341285706,
0.6245338916778564,
-0.4131303131580353,
0.029348893091082573,
0.38623046875,
-0.05145835876464844,
-0.15987466275691986,
-0.043360624462366104,
0.11416833847761154,
-0.06580977141857147,
0.1325635015964508,
-0.32497337460517883,
-0.15243807435035706,
0.11343453079462051,
0.2871246337890625,
-0.20226912200450897,
0.08932841569185257,
-0.14946475625038147,
0.12085516005754471,
-0.814453125,
0.2118780016899109,
0.0005950927734375,
0.12860107421875,
-0.5873857140541077,
-0.23623934388160706,
-0.3704723119735718,
0.16847644746303558,
-0.11215903609991074,
0.43643465638160706,
0.02605888992547989,
-0.26870450377464294,
0.0046844482421875,
-0.4073597192764282,
0.056467924267053604,
2.238725185394287,
0.17743752896785736,
2.1107065677642822,
0.18098033964633942,
-0.17128683626651764,
0.542236328125,
-0.7800514698028564,
0.5550203919410706,
0.16645951569080353,
-0.2882496118545532,
0.35549095273017883,
-0.11427931487560272,
-0.23552356660366058,
-0.065582275390625,
0.2099553942680359,
-0.2019597887992859,
0.3125957250595093,
-0.8026899695396423,
-0.0579833984375,
0.23605069518089294,
0.45938387513160706,
0.6464622020721436,
-0.09428822249174118,
0.41725853085517883,
0.13897427916526794,
-0.14730001986026764,
-0.5950151085853577,
0.11397214233875275,
-0.16225086152553558,
0.07979479432106018,
-0.5856046080589294,
0.13340066373348236,
0.13098473846912384,
0.39065274596214294,
0.32442960143089294,
0.3842107653617859,
0.01948217861354351,
4.658025741577148,
-0.02684471756219864,
-0.38999244570732117,
0.0009413632215000689,
-0.057396627962589264,
0.11932928115129471,
0.3137262463569641,
-0.18926168978214264,
-0.10284770280122757,
-0.25698021054267883,
-0.2197515368461609,
-0.0359039306640625,
-0.22371049225330353,
0.27505770325660706,
0.2863103747367859,
0.48233309388160706,
0.0654754638671875,
0.16978316009044647,
0.36537864804267883,
0.3140758275985718,
0.18189586699008942,
0.12560202181339264,
0.0065640537068247795,
-0.17903970181941986,
-0.06677523255348206,
0.09620597213506699,
-0.22642932832241058,
0.05884760245680809,
-0.05869917571544647,
0.4447576403617859,
0.2548772692680359,
5.3366475105285645,
0.6637739539146423,
0.028298117220401764,
-0.24879108369350433,
-0.1265619397163391,
0.07600819319486618,
-0.4344593286514282,
-0.3255046606063843,
-0.35611239075660706,
-0.15279041230678558,
-0.01937085948884487,
0.1519678235054016,
-0.44717684388160706,
-0.36300382018089294,
0.0518798828125,
-0.02539721317589283,
-0.04974053055047989,
-0.30813875794410706,
0.03436279296875,
-0.007599570322781801,
0.2711397409439087,
0.14060454070568085,
0.32712623476982117,
-1.0422141551971436,
-0.7285822033882141,
-0.08729276061058044,
-0.10592789947986603,
0.03771834075450897,
0.35641202330589294,
-0.02363458462059498,
0.6501686573028564,
0.23431257903575897,
0.28658780455589294,
0.10259593278169632,
0.17923077940940857,
0.15201915800571442,
0.24617697298526764,
0.48067960143089294,
0.49778053164482117,
-0.17828091979026794,
0.1249060183763504,
0.033144865185022354,
0.012738487683236599,
0.09998807311058044,
-0.18360485136508942,
0.14128805696964264,
0.19450239837169647,
0.42117586731910706,
0.34060946106910706,
0.46883878111839294,
-0.1497650146484375,
-0.31326016783714294,
1.1953125,
0.3386063873767853,
-0.12505687773227692,
0.02309732511639595,
-0.6176313757896423,
0.10307043045759201,
0.21180032193660736,
-0.489013671875,
0.6328569054603577,
0.04991496726870537,
0.055396340787410736,
0.403564453125,
0.2807173430919647,
0.5479625463485718,
0.043057527393102646,
-0.20055042207241058,
0.16723771393299103,
-0.32834693789482117,
-0.08172260969877243,
-0.08929443359375,
0.08960793167352676,
0.06053785979747772,
0.08720675110816956,
0.13107715547084808,
0.2810502350330353,
-0.388671875,
0.4502471685409546,
-0.31378450989723206,
0.1704351305961609,
-0.1664789319038391,
0.06173289939761162,
-0.3257390856742859,
-0.485107421875,
0.15610560774803162,
-0.19357992708683014,
-0.05507434532046318,
-0.08858039230108261,
-0.04757343605160713,
0.14552029967308044,
-0.26963111758232117,
-0.08732397109270096,
-0.2085186392068863,
-0.44403907656669617,
0.24881258606910706,
-0.011434381827712059,
0.6911177039146423,
0.032958984375,
0.21800093352794647,
-0.3594415783882141,
0.08643548935651779,
-0.27773216366767883,
-0.15005770325660706,
0.37271395325660706,
-0.05590681731700897,
0.4445509612560272,
0.2855890393257141,
0.203826904296875,
0.36068448424339294,
0.5168678760528564,
0.08188421279191971,
0.15909646451473236,
0.25571510195732117,
0.010384299792349339
] |
2054
|
What is the difference between mass and weight?
|
[
{
"docid": "33931#20",
"text": "In modern scientific usage, weight and mass are fundamentally different quantities: mass is an intrinsic property of matter, whereas weight is a \"force\" that results from the action of gravity on matter: it measures how strongly the force of gravity pulls on that matter. However, in most practical everyday situations the word \"weight\" is used when, strictly, \"mass\" is meant. For example, most people would say that an object \"weighs one kilogram\", even though the kilogram is a unit of mass.",
"title": "Weight"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "14476384#6",
"text": "In the physical sciences, the terms \"mass\" and \"weight\" are rigidly defined as separate measures, as they are different physical properties. In everyday use, as all everyday objects have both mass and weight and one is almost exactly proportional to the other, \"weight\" often serves to describe both properties, its meaning being dependent upon context. For example, in retail commerce, the \"net weight\" of products actually refers to mass, and is expressed in mass units such as grams or ounces (see also \"Pound: Use in commerce)\". Conversely, the load index rating on automobile tires, which specifies the maximum structural load for a tire in kilograms, refers to weight; that is, the force due to gravity. Before the late 20th century, the distinction between the two was not strictly applied in technical writing, so that expressions such as \"molecular weight\" (for molecular mass) are still seen.",
"title": "Mass versus weight"
},
{
"docid": "43537463#6",
"text": "Although the size of an object may be reflected in its mass or its weight, each of these is a different concept. In scientific contexts, mass refers loosely to the amount of \"matter\" in an object (though \"matter\" may be difficult to define), whereas weight refers to the force experienced by an object due to gravity. An object with a mass of 1.0 kilogram will weigh approximately 9.81 newtons (newton is the unit of force, while kilogram is the unit of mass) on the surface of the Earth (its mass multiplied by the gravitational field strength). Its weight will be less on Mars (where gravity is weaker), more on Saturn, and negligible in space when far from any significant source of gravity, but it will always have the same mass. Two objects of equal size, however, may have very different mass and weight, depending on the composition and density of the objects. By contrast, if two objects are known to have roughly the same composition, then some information about the size of one can be determined by measuring the size of the other, and determining the difference in weight between the two. For example, if two blocks of wood are equally dense, and it is known that one weighs ten kilograms and the other weighs twenty kilograms, and that the ten kilogram block has a volume of one cubic foot, then it can be deduced that the twenty kilogram block has a volume of two cubic feet.",
"title": "Size"
},
{
"docid": "33931#25",
"text": "In a different gravitational field, for example, on the surface of the Moon, an object can have a significantly different weight than on Earth. The gravity on the surface of the Moon is only about one-sixth as strong as on the surface of the Earth. A one-kilogram mass is still a one-kilogram mass (as mass is an intrinsic property of the object) but the downward force due to gravity, and therefore its weight, is only one-sixth of what the object would have on Earth. So a man of mass 180 pounds weighs only about 30 pounds-force when visiting the Moon.",
"title": "Weight"
},
{
"docid": "67046#6",
"text": "Thermal mass is effective in improving building comfort in any place that experiences these types of daily temperature fluctuations—both in winter as well as in summer.\nWhen used well and combined with passive solar design, thermal mass can play an important role in major reductions to energy use in active heating and cooling systems.\nThe terms \"heavy-weight\" and \"light-weight\" are often used to describe buildings with different thermal mass strategies, and affects the choice of numerical factors used in subsequent calculations to describe their thermal response to heating and cooling.\nIn building services engineering, the use of dynamic simulation computational modelling software has allowed for the accurate calculation of the environmental performance within buildings with different constructions and for different annual climate data sets. This allows the architect or engineer to explore in detail the relationship between heavy-weight and light-weight constructions, as well as insulation levels, in reducing energy consumption for mechanical heating or cooling systems, or even removing the need for such systems altogether.",
"title": "Thermal mass"
},
{
"docid": "19604151#2",
"text": "The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The dimensionless standard atomic weight instead refers to the average (mathematical mean) of atomic mass values of a typical naturally-occurring mixture of isotopes for a sample of an element. Atomic mass values are thus commonly reported to many more significant figures than atomic weights. Standard atomic weight is related to atomic mass by the abundance ranking of isotopes for each element. It is usually \"about\" the same value as the atomic mass of the most abundant isotope, other than what looks like (but is not actually) a rounding difference.",
"title": "Atomic mass"
},
{
"docid": "33931#22",
"text": "The Earth's gravitational field is not uniform but can vary by as much as 0.5% at different locations on Earth (see Earth's gravity). These variations alter the relationship between weight and mass, and must be taken into account in high precision weight measurements that are intended to indirectly measure mass. Spring scales, which measure local weight, must be calibrated at the location at which the objects will be used to show this standard weight, to be legal for commerce.",
"title": "Weight"
},
{
"docid": "15492#6",
"text": "These measurements were in use from 1826, when the new imperial gallon was defined, but were officially abolished in the United Kingdom on 1 January 1971. In the USA, though no longer recommended, the apothecaries' system is still used occasionally in medicine, especially in prescriptions for older medications.\nIn the 19th and 20th centuries, the UK used three different systems for mass and weight. The distinction between mass and weight is not always clearly drawn. Strictly a pound is a unit of mass, although it is commonly referred to as a weight. When a distinction is necessary, the term \"pound-force\" may be used to refer to a unit of force rather than mass. The troy pound () was made the primary unit of mass by the 1824 Act; however, its use was abolished in the UK on 1 January 1879, with only the troy ounce () and its decimal subdivisions retained. The \"Weights and Measures Act 1855\" (18 & 19 Victoria C72) made the avoirdupois pound the primary unit of mass. In all the systems, the fundamental unit is the pound, and all other units are defined as fractions or multiples of it.",
"title": "Imperial units"
},
{
"docid": "19048#9",
"text": "In everyday usage, mass and \"weight\" are often used interchangeably. For instance, a person's weight may be stated as 75 kg. In a constant gravitational field, the weight of an object is proportional to its mass, and it is unproblematic to use the same unit for both concepts. But because of slight differences in the strength of the Earth's gravitational field at different places, the distinction becomes important for measurements with a precision better than a few percent, and for places far from the surface of the Earth, such as in space or on other planets. Conceptually, \"mass\" (measured in kilograms) refers to an intrinsic property of an object, whereas \"weight\" (measured in newtons) measures an object's resistance to deviating from its natural course of free fall, which can be influenced by the nearby gravitational field. No matter how strong the gravitational field, objects in free fall are weightless, though they still have mass.",
"title": "Mass"
},
{
"docid": "14476384#0",
"text": "In common usage, the mass of an object is often referred to as its weight, though these are in fact different concepts and quantities. In scientific contexts, mass is the amount of \"matter\" in an object (though \"matter\" may be difficult to define), whereas weight is the force exerted on an object by gravity. In other words, an object with a mass of 1.0 kilogram will weigh approximately 9.81 newtons on the surface of the Earth (its mass multiplied by the gravitational field strength), since the newton is a unit of force, while the kilogram is a unit of mass. The object's weight will be less on Mars (where gravity is weaker), more on Saturn, and negligible in space when far from any significant source of gravity, but it will always have the same mass.",
"title": "Mass versus weight"
}
] |
[
0.05138535797595978,
0.06676968932151794,
0.2883966565132141,
0.20693136751651764,
0.33949974179267883,
0.020825820043683052,
0.5289861559867859,
-0.3854536712169647,
-0.023232199251651764,
-0.07564752548933029,
-0.029937051236629486,
0.01874510757625103,
0.028807206079363823,
-0.14568814635276794,
-0.2366388440132141,
-0.00437571806833148,
0.4388538599014282,
0.11077464371919632,
0.03525334969162941,
0.22531960904598236,
-0.16159890592098236,
0.18460915982723236,
-0.03211073577404022,
0.06611642241477966,
0.08067044615745544,
-0.08915571868419647,
-0.3703169524669647,
0.27011939883232117,
-0.15132279694080353,
0.22982510924339294,
0.2672784924507141,
-0.14926424622535706,
0.03583188354969025,
0.4196111559867859,
-0.19957663118839264,
0.4469105005264282,
-0.046798013150691986,
0.09354989975690842,
0.40096768736839294,
-0.1808624267578125,
-0.2816162109375,
-0.09301896393299103,
0.3066850006580353,
0.2093505859375,
0.1280267834663391,
0.041920747607946396,
0.02138207107782364,
0.2732599377632141,
-0.02023187465965748,
0.13803933560848236,
-0.17251864075660706,
0.37393465638160706,
-0.1686345934867859,
-0.03300025314092636,
-0.39278897643089294,
0.3455810546875,
-0.29905006289482117,
0.9881036877632141,
0.053744230419397354,
0.19882479310035706,
0.04167695343494415,
0.06988386809825897,
-0.2729935944080353,
-0.11142384260892868,
0.11317166686058044,
0.3319868743419647,
-0.047696199268102646,
0.3534712493419647,
0.2955766022205353,
0.10350313782691956,
-0.04640223830938339,
0.6533203125,
0.3158735930919647,
0.23036886751651764,
0.06747332215309143,
-0.20751953125,
0.23342062532901764,
0.03977428749203682,
0.16616544127464294,
-0.19201937317848206,
-0.2659912109375,
-0.07967445999383926,
0.09393241256475449,
0.13094259798526764,
-0.4562544524669647,
0.4442693591117859,
-0.019753890112042427,
0.14461447298526764,
-0.11263899505138397,
0.6839932799339294,
-0.370361328125,
0.034006986767053604,
0.25802335143089294,
0.1853579580783844,
-0.020564166828989983,
0.12276944518089294,
0.19438032805919647,
-0.2904496490955353,
0.11827503889799118,
0.10109875351190567,
0.09630238264799118,
-0.21304598450660706,
-0.1819305419921875,
-0.0025806427001953125,
0.43148526549339294,
-0.3547807037830353,
-0.009777144528925419,
-0.09755360335111618,
-0.039853181689977646,
-0.03258202224969864,
-0.01963520050048828,
-0.474609375,
0.017499880865216255,
0.05635486915707588,
0.14614591002464294,
0.38973721861839294,
0.21252579987049103,
0.0846838504076004,
-0.13259610533714294,
-0.6008079051971436,
0.2947332262992859,
0.048386313021183014,
-0.3662109375,
-0.04572434723377228,
0.01928260177373886,
-0.08376450836658478,
0.5380637645721436,
-0.30368873476982117,
0.6271306872367859,
0.38767310976982117,
-0.39296653866767883,
0.2496337890625,
-0.1552068591117859,
0.7775657176971436,
0.27423095703125,
-0.14766763150691986,
-0.07339061051607132,
-0.03409923240542412,
-0.09147227555513382,
-0.3745672106742859,
-0.052237771451473236,
-0.19941295683383942,
0.19189453125,
0.5433238744735718,
0.17722390592098236,
0.2867986559867859,
-0.027479691430926323,
0.470458984375,
-0.10365989059209824,
0.33396217226982117,
0.3010420501232147,
0.022038113325834274,
-0.304443359375,
0.5575062036514282,
-0.15588101744651794,
0.09542985260486603,
0.13982877135276794,
0.22256746888160706,
-0.11802534759044647,
0.20070578157901764,
0.84814453125,
0.3572221100330353,
0.09934165328741074,
-0.11375288665294647,
0.22762228548526764,
0.15533447265625,
-0.006687857676297426,
0.5467640161514282,
0.4203657805919647,
-0.13863302767276764,
-0.21200284361839294,
0.11162359267473221,
0.5153142809867859,
-0.017135966569185257,
0.054572366178035736,
0.5375532507896423,
0.017842380329966545,
0.23287686705589294,
0.30246803164482117,
-0.31911399960517883,
0.23092374205589294,
0.20181551575660706,
0.08005662262439728,
0.2502080798149109,
0.5801225304603577,
0.14206765592098236,
0.14749978482723236,
0.22763894498348236,
-0.38037109375,
0.07460923492908478,
-0.1445673108100891,
0.07255970686674118,
0.8725141882896423,
-0.3225874602794647,
0.12558399140834808,
-0.10486117005348206,
0.09636480361223221,
0.4436700940132141,
-0.15771484375,
0.15227161347866058,
0.059353914111852646,
0.18577437102794647,
-0.5361772179603577,
0.11774791032075882,
0.50927734375,
-0.31704989075660706,
0.10579334944486618,
0.2128545641899109,
-0.14336325228214264,
-0.07157620787620544,
-0.20578280091285706,
0.06965082138776779,
0.43350496888160706,
0.3378351330757141,
0.014336499385535717,
0.2657304108142853,
0.021473277360200882,
-0.20339688658714294,
0.4766707122325897,
0.09188565611839294,
-0.29453346133232117,
0.25528231263160706,
-0.16164328157901764,
-0.05634064972400665,
0.20511141419410706,
-0.04704960808157921,
-0.21003861725330353,
-0.7462269067764282,
0.08814308792352676,
0.10053322464227676,
0.12620683014392853,
0.3989923596382141,
0.07955377548933029,
-0.1827448010444641,
0.38199129700660706,
0.051924966275691986,
0.0323028564453125,
-0.08150412887334824,
0.18556351959705353,
0.22250643372535706,
0.54345703125,
0.435302734375,
-0.2816717028617859,
0.15892444550991058,
0.5157581567764282,
0.12099387496709824,
0.0797070562839508,
0.0112457275390625,
-0.3128551244735718,
-0.02686813659965992,
0.11530096083879471,
-0.052053626626729965,
-0.06341136246919632,
0.30965909361839294,
-0.3888494372367859,
0.09692937880754471,
0.1465398669242859,
0.048805322498083115,
-0.0019545122049748898,
0.0913952887058258,
0.4121648669242859,
0.74560546875,
0.3024458587169647,
0.2771661877632141,
-0.2516035735607147,
-0.3805708587169647,
0.3465465307235718,
0.5933948755264282,
-0.010118657723069191,
0.3731134533882141,
0.2730712890625,
-0.47634056210517883,
0.3591752350330353,
0.064605712890625,
-0.014558965340256691,
-0.25234153866767883,
0.3678089380264282,
0.12117420881986618,
-0.2514093518257141,
0.4636674225330353,
0.2245427966117859,
0.1638343185186386,
-0.12343528121709824,
0.14534516632556915,
0.05152476951479912,
-0.07004339247941971,
-0.23256058990955353,
0.1267450451850891,
-0.5768821239471436,
-0.051360391080379486,
0.3040216565132141,
0.5699129700660706,
0.21150346100330353,
-0.5520685315132141,
0.07922640442848206,
-0.12175404280424118,
0.09119310975074768,
-0.07927634567022324,
0.2328435778617859,
0.002684679813683033,
0.5580832958221436,
-0.3916459381580353,
0.144744873046875,
0.2660675048828125,
-0.18274202942848206,
-0.4693714380264282,
-0.46238014101982117,
0.3434281647205353,
0.03850416839122772,
0.37880638241767883,
0.16347017884254456,
-0.2597212493419647,
0.08394276350736618,
0.5997203588485718,
0.3262162506580353,
0.2644153833389282,
0.06488453596830368,
0.18021740019321442,
0.5913751721382141,
0.08258056640625,
-0.3141312897205353,
-0.441162109375,
-0.32981178164482117,
0.17640270292758942,
0.07526466995477676,
-0.515869140625,
0.12605147063732147,
-0.3608842194080353,
0.29769620299339294,
0.15285421907901764,
0.18853482604026794,
0.02944391407072544,
0.0031381086446344852,
-0.2726939916610718,
0.013274452649056911,
0.22768332064151764,
-0.07365694642066956,
0.427001953125,
-0.10533766448497772,
0.05814708396792412,
0.18708939850330353,
0.19180020689964294,
0.0899706780910492,
0.2883966565132141,
-0.28273704648017883,
0.09415227919816971,
0.21402254700660706,
0.06164689362049103,
0.2893177270889282,
0.0179103072732687,
0.34170809388160706,
0.17622514069080353,
-0.0208880677819252,
-0.05255993828177452,
0.2112482190132141,
-0.17424426972866058,
0.6425559520721436,
-0.14845691621303558,
0.02210547775030136,
-0.1845758557319641,
0.2844682037830353,
0.19696044921875,
0.3343394994735718,
0.016369732096791267,
0.1394708752632141,
0.03725086525082588,
-0.25454989075660706,
0.013395136222243309,
0.3249400854110718,
-0.5775035619735718,
0.32571688294410706,
0.2454168200492859,
-0.0255291685461998,
0.23325417935848236,
-0.2783646881580353,
-0.01135479286313057,
0.33632591366767883,
0.19266024231910706,
0.46451082825660706,
-0.016375454142689705,
0.3280029296875,
0.6320134997367859,
0.3382457494735718,
-0.11529541015625,
-0.00007351962267421186,
-0.15901322662830353,
-0.12365306168794632,
0.341796875,
0.1695501208305359,
-0.014822136610746384,
0.4054065942764282,
-0.12495838850736618,
0.20654296875,
0.20229825377464294,
0.17649148404598236,
-0.023671584203839302,
0.06596478819847107,
-0.09542863816022873,
0.11775346100330353,
-0.25048828125,
-0.05000652000308037,
0.20332475006580353,
0.2532293200492859,
0.49587181210517883,
4.148082256317139,
0.15798811614513397,
0.49935635924339294,
0.10296492278575897,
-0.2442626953125,
0.049929358065128326,
0.20814409852027893,
-0.46994850039482117,
0.05415482819080353,
-0.01314267236739397,
-0.21727405488491058,
-0.036206331104040146,
-0.07740090042352676,
0.1653997302055359,
-0.11174149811267853,
0.0032515092752873898,
0.6016290783882141,
0.37832918763160706,
-0.2115478515625,
0.464111328125,
-0.4395197033882141,
0.4505060315132141,
0.15639981627464294,
0.11544539779424667,
0.3661443591117859,
0.16941140592098236,
0.26735618710517883,
0.12306074798107147,
0.391845703125,
0.3092817962169647,
0.16670365631580353,
0.08211725205183029,
0.0058850375935435295,
-0.05961470305919647,
-0.5939053893089294,
0.2035272717475891,
0.4340154528617859,
0.4488414525985718,
0.275146484375,
0.1698053479194641,
-0.3684747815132141,
0.028376491740345955,
0.15838623046875,
0.5304288268089294,
0.10402887314558029,
-0.07143332809209824,
0.10977614670991898,
0.42318448424339294,
0.16268643736839294,
0.18647350370883942,
0.1851140856742859,
-0.10050547868013382,
-0.015207463875412941,
-0.2996382415294647,
0.21784557402133942,
0.443115234375,
0.18660111725330353,
0.3907026946544647,
-0.0040435791015625,
-0.35569068789482117,
0.031131397932767868,
-0.07164695113897324,
0.4575306177139282,
-0.055636320263147354,
-0.3143421411514282,
0.05358748137950897,
0.08608592301607132,
0.6471502184867859,
0.06489389389753342,
-0.6214488744735718,
0.1826726794242859,
0.3739568591117859,
0.2871870696544647,
-0.2958873510360718,
0.19159212708473206,
-0.19656094908714294,
-0.3373912572860718,
0.025758223608136177,
0.24338601529598236,
-0.09037529677152634,
0.1903405636548996,
-0.05468888580799103,
0.15934614837169647,
0.31125709414482117,
0.1448974609375,
0.6898526549339294,
0.2127630114555359,
0.05364990234375,
0.42771217226982117,
0.11625809967517853,
0.4821111559867859,
0.13380847871303558,
0.2734264135360718,
0.44777610898017883,
0.023106662556529045,
0.2719837427139282,
-0.0020259509328752756,
-4.052556991577148,
0.09048323333263397,
0.1909235119819641,
0.14941267669200897,
0.027098482474684715,
-0.10418146103620529,
0.060770902782678604,
0.4297984838485718,
-0.4172807037830353,
0.020198475569486618,
-0.10745655745267868,
0.26955345273017883,
-0.22000399231910706,
0.07400096207857132,
0.00621342658996582,
0.19087357819080353,
-0.4867498278617859,
0.11754261702299118,
0.2039794921875,
-0.20913973450660706,
0.1528570055961609,
-0.10829301178455353,
0.17519308626651764,
-0.04994530975818634,
0.22391024231910706,
0.254150390625,
-0.05086083710193634,
-0.417236328125,
0.0015206770040094852,
0.10539522767066956,
0.1449127197265625,
-0.16792713105678558,
0.15312610566616058,
-0.17430530488491058,
0.10527537018060684,
0.11196344345808029,
0.6479048132896423,
-0.08766867965459824,
0.29373446106910706,
0.11900191009044647,
-0.17542614042758942,
0.7692649364471436,
0.07392536848783493,
0.17014937102794647,
-0.01112005952745676,
0.34305086731910706,
-0.23673872649669647,
0.094085693359375,
-0.16775235533714294,
-0.16621260344982147,
0.337646484375,
0.12309534102678299,
-0.25002220273017883,
-0.19792036712169647,
0.6201615929603577,
-0.17974576354026794,
0.20515026152133942,
-0.028791427612304688,
0.3517622649669647,
0.15018533170223236,
-0.09981883317232132,
0.046894073486328125,
0.2161310315132141,
-0.11043895035982132,
0.020880959928035736,
0.2164972424507141,
0.17330585420131683,
0.29867830872535706,
-0.07668078690767288,
-0.1638849377632141,
-0.5019975304603577,
0.1178741455078125,
0.3207564055919647,
0.5042613744735718,
0.27389249205589294,
0.15591153502464294,
-0.05230158194899559,
0.132049560546875,
0.5574840307235718,
0.14779940247535706,
0.2213689684867859,
-0.24383544921875,
-0.40427467226982117,
0.4007457494735718,
2.261630058288574,
0.18455366790294647,
2.318448066711426,
-0.06047162041068077,
-0.19800637662410736,
0.35921964049339294,
-0.43099698424339294,
0.41086646914482117,
-0.1872614026069641,
0.22642932832241058,
0.09894423186779022,
0.013176658190786839,
-0.19689178466796875,
0.12204811722040176,
0.19995394349098206,
-0.18904252350330353,
0.39504173398017883,
-0.7318004369735718,
-0.10285741835832596,
-0.161834716796875,
0.08820135146379471,
0.09325755387544632,
0.07204332947731018,
0.41842374205589294,
0.1770074963569641,
0.057593606412410736,
0.0017564947484061122,
-0.24520596861839294,
0.09526846557855606,
-0.2786144018173218,
-0.03150211647152901,
0.5857599377632141,
0.29494407773017883,
0.0019063949584960938,
0.0949811041355133,
-0.07344107329845428,
-0.276611328125,
4.7531962394714355,
-0.032233498990535736,
-0.3695179224014282,
-0.10269442200660706,
0.18935880064964294,
0.32704856991767883,
0.2726495862007141,
-0.2853893041610718,
0.09204205870628357,
0.029314734041690826,
0.3218883275985718,
0.18819046020507812,
-0.09075650572776794,
-0.013515125960111618,
0.25978782773017883,
-0.05859375,
0.039145730435848236,
0.0817975103855133,
0.15050992369651794,
0.017634999006986618,
0.1547796130180359,
0.14445218443870544,
0.16874833405017853,
-0.09260212630033493,
-0.08962735533714294,
0.10539939254522324,
0.16347989439964294,
0.2664351165294647,
-0.030666004866361618,
0.3477006256580353,
0.21554842591285706,
5.490056991577148,
0.2995799779891968,
-0.165802001953125,
0.03279654681682587,
-0.023933064192533493,
0.22065319120883942,
-0.3296564221382141,
-0.00737138232216239,
-0.2565141022205353,
-0.05257311835885048,
-0.21938253939151764,
0.22123579680919647,
-0.12804898619651794,
0.10710837692022324,
-0.010779077187180519,
0.03175215423107147,
-0.13885498046875,
-0.07812083512544632,
0.32187721133232117,
0.23281027376651764,
0.13743868470191956,
-0.18359513580799103,
0.15501265227794647,
-0.0018033114029094577,
0.030814863741397858,
-0.23091818392276764,
-0.14217306673526764,
0.04154829680919647,
0.053778909146785736,
-0.17398348450660706,
0.4779607653617859,
0.4307084381580353,
0.042587973177433014,
0.36379173398017883,
-0.05402027443051338,
0.24568314850330353,
0.3403986096382141,
0.23550692200660706,
0.3822076916694641,
0.06616609543561935,
0.2318781018257141,
0.5071688294410706,
0.052925098687410355,
-0.22952547669410706,
-0.14130522310733795,
-0.14185403287410736,
-0.25864478945732117,
0.05804859474301338,
0.04905284568667412,
-0.006543463096022606,
0.2763671875,
0.0031148737762123346,
0.9039417505264282,
-0.4109330475330353,
0.3556019067764282,
0.452880859375,
0.2654474377632141,
-0.27956321835517883,
0.08007257431745529,
-0.12678112089633942,
0.2611749768257141,
0.060029808431863785,
0.06901688873767853,
0.4080810546875,
0.3140425384044647,
0.1931207776069641,
0.0853271484375,
-0.0017221624730154872,
0.6234019994735718,
-0.24607156217098236,
-0.10745516419410706,
0.14296792447566986,
-0.14608626067638397,
-0.018074728548526764,
-0.05181468650698662,
0.360595703125,
-0.15445084869861603,
-0.20180441439151764,
0.3417524993419647,
-0.028898434713482857,
-0.2962202727794647,
-0.2778764069080353,
-0.09087441116571426,
-0.13798384368419647,
0.17433859407901764,
0.08920912444591522,
-0.421875,
-0.20834073424339294,
0.2952215075492859,
-0.057278718799352646,
0.32106712460517883,
-0.06122935935854912,
0.06836561858654022,
0.13808995485305786,
-0.09360850602388382,
0.23099032044410706,
0.0978344976902008,
0.48046875,
0.08779370039701462,
0.19782327115535736,
-0.07665183395147324,
0.53076171875,
-0.014975114725530148,
-0.08816251158714294,
0.12711404263973236,
-0.12399014830589294,
-0.06347933411598206,
-0.3350275158882141,
0.05190277099609375,
0.048163674771785736,
0.4525035619735718,
0.5995649695396423,
-0.14483642578125,
0.1265869140625,
-0.0689239501953125
] |
2056
|
What album was the song "Express Yourself" on?
|
[
{
"docid": "9505034#0",
"text": "\"Express Yourself\" is a song recorded by American hip hop group N.W.A, performed solo by Dr. Dre. The song, off their 1988 album \"Straight Outta Compton\", samples Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band's song of the same name. Unlike most songs on the album and by N.W.A, the song is devoid of profanity. \"Express Yourself\" was released in 1989 as the album's last single, the album version of the track features rap vocals from Dr. Dre only whereas the 2002 reissue, single edition and video version features small verses from MC Ren and Ice Cube, the writer of the song. The song reached number 26 in the UK in September 1989.",
"title": "Express Yourself (N.W.A song)"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "2984693#0",
"text": "\"Express Yourself\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna, from her fourth studio album \"Like a Prayer\" (1989). It was released as the second single from the album on May 9, 1989 by Sire Records. The song was included on the greatest hits compilation albums \"The Immaculate Collection\" (1990), and \"Celebration\" (2009). \"Express Yourself\" was the first song that Madonna and producer Stephen Bray collaborated on for \"Like a Prayer\". Written and produced by them, the song was a tribute to American funk and soul band Sly and the Family Stone. The main inspiration behind the song is female empowerment, urging women never to go for second-best and to always express their inner feelings.",
"title": "Express Yourself (Madonna song)"
},
{
"docid": "37261868#0",
"text": "\"Express Yourself\" is a song written by Charles Wright and performed by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band. It was released in 1970 as the title song of their 1970 album, \"Express Yourself\", and is their signature song. It reached #12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was also their biggest hit on the U.S. R&B chart, reaching #3.",
"title": "Express Yourself (Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band song)"
},
{
"docid": "2984693#6",
"text": "\"The ultimate thing behind the song is that if you don't express yourself, if you don't say what you want, then you're not going to get it. And in effect you are chained down by your inability to say what you feel or go after what you want. No matter how in control you think you are about sexuality in a relationship there is always the power struggle... always a certain amount of compromise. Of being beholden, if you love them. You do it because you choose to. No one put the chain around this neck but me. I wrote 'Express Yourself' to tell women around the world that pick and choose the best for yourself, before that chain around your neck, kills you instead. It's my take on how man can express what they want, the same prerogative should be there for a woman too.\"",
"title": "Express Yourself (Madonna song)"
},
{
"docid": "35777967#0",
"text": "\"Express Yourself\" is a song by English musician Labrinth. Written by Labrinth and Charles Wright, it was released as the fourth single from his debut studio album, \"Electronic Earth\" on 7 May 2012. It interpolates \"Express Yourself\" by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band, which was the same song sampled by N.W.A. in their 1988 song of the same name, and the famous drum break from James Brown's \"Funky Drummer\".",
"title": "Express Yourself (Labrinth song)"
},
{
"docid": "2984693#28",
"text": "Four years later, Madonna sang \"Express Yourself\" on her show at a benefit gala on December 2, 2016 at Miami Beach's Faena Forum. The concert was held along with an accompanying art auction and dinner, to benefit Madonna's Raising Malawi foundation to support their projects like the Mercy James Pediatric Surgery Hospital in Malawi, as well as art and education initiatives for impoverished children in the country. In November 7, 2016, Madonna performed the song as part of an impromptu acoustic concert at Washington Square Park in support of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign.\nKelly Clarkson performed \"Express Yourself\" on her first audition for the first season of singing television series \"American Idol\". She went on to win the competition and built a successful music career. The 1999 compilation album, \"Virgin Voices: A Tribute To Madonna, Vol. 1\", features a cover version by Information Society. In 2010, the female leads of the Fox TV show \"Glee\" performed the song in the episode titled \"The Power of Madonna\". When the fictional character Will Schuester observes a cheer leading group in the episode performing a routine with stilts to Madonna's \"Ray of Light\", he is inspired to set a Madonna-themed assignment for the members of the fictional Glee club, New Directions. To this, the female members of the club perform \"Express Yourself\", much to the uneasiness of the male members. This version was released on the soundtrack album \"\", and reached number 132 on the UK Singles Chart. Nearly 30 years after the \"Like a Prayer\" controversy, \"Express Yourself\" was featured in a Pepsi commercial for Super Bowl 50. Chad Stubbs, the VP marketing of Pepsi, explained the song choice, \"It was within that album and era that we had worked with Madonna before.\"",
"title": "Express Yourself (Madonna song)"
},
{
"docid": "9505034#9",
"text": "The Basque band Negu Gorriak released his cover version in their ultimate album Salam, Agur in 1996. This last album was only made of covers, \"Express Yourself\" is the last one, named \"Adieraz zaitez\" in Euskara",
"title": "Express Yourself (N.W.A song)"
},
{
"docid": "2984693#4",
"text": "\"Express Yourself\" was released as the second single from her fourth studio album, \"Like a Prayer\", on May 9, 1989, with \"The Look of Love\", from the 1987 film soundtrack \"Who's That Girl\", on its B-side. When Madonna started work on \"Like a Prayer\", she considered many options, and thought about the musical direction for it. She had certain matters on her mind, including her troubled relationship with her ex-husband Sean Penn, her family, her lost mother and even her belief in God. Madonna thought about lyrical ideas for the songs on topics that, until then, were personal mediation never to be shared with her public so openly and pointedly. She came to the realization that as she and her fans were growing up, and it was time for her to move away from the teen appeal to wider audiences, and en-cash on the longevity of the album market. Madonna wanted her new sound to be calculative and indicative of what was fashionable, and ride the changing trend of music.",
"title": "Express Yourself (Madonna song)"
},
{
"docid": "9505034#8",
"text": "German metal band Rammstein sampled the intro to \"Express Yourself\", albeit slower, in their song \"Klavier\" off their sophomore album Sehnsucht.",
"title": "Express Yourself (N.W.A song)"
},
{
"docid": "2984693#16",
"text": "\"Express Yourself\" was released in the United Kingdom on June 3, 1989, and entered the UK Singles Chart at number ten, moving to its peak of number five the next week. \"Express Yourself\" was the 20th best-selling song of 1989 in the UK, with the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certifying it silver, for shipment of 200,000 copies of the single. According to the Official Charts Company, the song has sold 209,000 copies there. \"Express Yourself\" was Madonna's sixth number one single on the European Hot 100 Singles chart, reaching the top on July 1, 1989, and staying at number one for three weeks. In Belgium, \"Express Yourself\" debuted at number 16 on the Ultratop chart on June 10, 1989, and reached a peak of number three. In the Netherlands, \"Express Yourself\" debuted at number 27 on the Dutch Top 40, and reached a peak of five on July 1, 1989. The song reached a peak of number three in Germany, where it remained for two weeks, before spending a total of 18 weeks on the chart. On the Swiss Singles Chart, \"Express Yourself\" was one of the highest debuting song on the issued dated June 11, 1989. After seven weeks, the song reached the top of the chart for one week, becoming Madonna's third number-one single there.",
"title": "Express Yourself (Madonna song)"
}
] |
[
0.3316181004047394,
0.07389244437217712,
-0.30758196115493774,
0.20984825491905212,
-0.08938686549663544,
0.019369272515177727,
0.607421875,
-0.29824593663215637,
-0.03376740589737892,
-0.007167522795498371,
-0.14001141488552094,
-0.3197021484375,
-0.2665640115737915,
0.6076284646987915,
-0.31036847829818726,
-0.14152644574642181,
0.535325288772583,
-0.3753568232059479,
-0.05277428403496742,
0.2635709345340729,
-0.36260515451431274,
0.5204702615737915,
-0.2923208475112915,
-0.13479262590408325,
-0.055797871202230453,
0.5232121348381042,
-0.06752748042345047,
0.07535611838102341,
0.13923762738704681,
0.4289926290512085,
0.4410494267940521,
-0.04843315854668617,
0.13535954058170319,
0.4231050908565521,
-0.36469560861587524,
0.20801250636577606,
0.30901628732681274,
0.12030564993619919,
0.2857666015625,
0.23103684186935425,
-0.10298995673656464,
0.03865110129117966,
0.3076852560043335,
-0.07024647295475006,
0.2878652811050415,
0.16279484331607819,
0.07794893532991409,
0.16462355852127075,
0.18251389265060425,
-0.1738821119070053,
-0.3010160028934479,
-0.154083251953125,
0.09092125296592712,
-0.07333887368440628,
-0.4032827615737915,
0.5088453888893127,
0.19026535749435425,
0.2456236630678177,
0.31341081857681274,
-0.07987330853939056,
0.3643329441547394,
0.2620474100112915,
-0.34418195486068726,
-0.11263803392648697,
0.049701396375894547,
0.449951171875,
0.2788461446762085,
0.11756309866905212,
0.19705024361610413,
0.01615164801478386,
0.20159442722797394,
0.5472317934036255,
0.37777945399284363,
0.030471215024590492,
-0.22673386335372925,
-0.15321701765060425,
-0.037248317152261734,
0.1612366884946823,
0.38998648524284363,
-0.06603299826383591,
0.5142634510993958,
-0.023273615166544914,
0.03474221006035805,
0.5339730978012085,
-0.16756027936935425,
0.35495230555534363,
-0.06771968305110931,
0.012360205873847008,
0.022467246279120445,
0.23391488194465637,
-0.2532865107059479,
0.14068134129047394,
0.017599252983927727,
0.12351872026920319,
0.37900015711784363,
0.4562236964702606,
-0.11726848781108856,
-0.36448317766189575,
0.1418985277414322,
-0.18577927350997925,
0.3926908075809479,
-0.3268667459487915,
-0.07469690591096878,
0.18333962559700012,
0.16390521824359894,
-0.26413199305534363,
-0.48753005266189575,
-0.38412711024284363,
0.14012908935546875,
0.34198468923568726,
0.5022348165512085,
0.2745736837387085,
-0.06061847507953644,
0.09939281642436981,
0.03630242124199867,
0.28394025564193726,
0.14246779680252075,
0.10168222337961197,
-0.15781578421592712,
-0.8104342222213745,
0.6181265115737915,
0.34716796875,
-0.3648212254047394,
0.17831185460090637,
-0.05120174586772919,
0.06989347189664841,
0.514967679977417,
-0.04788985475897789,
0.5602088570594788,
0.642503023147583,
-0.006594144273549318,
0.33396559953689575,
0.5209585428237915,
0.6255258321762085,
0.29415658116340637,
-0.09687303006649017,
0.408447265625,
-0.029320644214749336,
-0.16920822858810425,
-0.11347095668315887,
0.20068828761577606,
-0.08880732953548431,
0.049770355224609375,
0.54052734375,
-0.5169771909713745,
0.20543025434017181,
0.0027861963026225567,
0.416748046875,
0.1793283373117447,
0.022632012143731117,
0.07986391335725784,
0.37205153703689575,
-0.09048740565776825,
0.71533203125,
0.05752772465348244,
-0.16484656929969788,
0.15459296107292175,
0.060726460069417953,
-0.11578603833913803,
0.009921734221279621,
0.759202241897583,
0.4533315896987915,
0.14232929050922394,
-0.18533089756965637,
0.5698805451393127,
0.10875526070594788,
-0.0038855443708598614,
0.23199345171451569,
0.47235578298568726,
-0.08589817583560944,
-0.3589994013309479,
-0.05315340310335159,
0.5985952615737915,
-0.23481632769107819,
0.2504976689815521,
0.34270769357681274,
-0.2518169581890106,
-0.11830784380435944,
0.24047425389289856,
0.1711191087961197,
-0.0077318777330219746,
0.1813589185476303,
0.1631399244070053,
-0.14376889169216156,
0.5412973165512085,
0.2984149754047394,
0.24014046788215637,
-0.11675672978162766,
-0.10942195355892181,
0.3290851414203644,
0.2561815679073334,
0.0042513334192335606,
0.732985258102417,
-0.22947810590267181,
-0.17252643406391144,
0.19401198625564575,
-0.43121808767318726,
0.18220402300357819,
-0.24809852242469788,
0.48606520891189575,
0.08643165230751038,
0.4075458347797394,
-0.37473708391189575,
0.1493154615163803,
0.502610445022583,
-0.3223031759262085,
0.06688103079795837,
0.14374659955501556,
-0.1869588941335678,
-0.07036531716585159,
-0.05602088198065758,
0.13650277256965637,
-0.05779236927628517,
0.4930513799190521,
-0.16874225437641144,
0.15132376551628113,
0.1653066724538803,
0.02163226716220379,
0.4907977879047394,
-0.023601826280355453,
-0.1286468505859375,
0.6771334409713745,
-0.16571983695030212,
0.12244121730327606,
-0.12170175462961197,
-0.39834359288215637,
-0.05843881517648697,
-0.25961655378341675,
0.17223182320594788,
0.21413949131965637,
0.3431865870952606,
0.42681413888931274,
-0.08743755519390106,
0.30856087803840637,
-0.1905752271413803,
-0.2383188158273697,
0.2817007303237915,
0.24057242274284363,
-0.10740074515342712,
-0.17344900965690613,
0.12610919773578644,
0.1925923228263855,
-0.19180062413215637,
-0.21093280613422394,
0.22332294285297394,
-0.3838641941547394,
0.5484524965286255,
0.12685424089431763,
-0.019989747554063797,
-0.11859600245952606,
0.055656615644693375,
0.05255315825343132,
-0.04226662591099739,
-0.06426063179969788,
-0.5587252378463745,
0.3489990234375,
-0.057605449110269547,
-0.17054630815982819,
-0.06156158447265625,
0.19346266984939575,
0.2438730150461197,
-0.07590484619140625,
0.3194204568862915,
0.27306658029556274,
-0.13331779837608337,
-0.3668588399887085,
0.1329345703125,
0.483642578125,
0.05719554424285889,
0.4779804050922394,
0.7667518258094788,
0.3765399754047394,
0.1502309888601303,
0.3673612177371979,
0.019109873101115227,
0.131367027759552,
-0.002467778977006674,
0.24634024500846863,
-0.27919358015060425,
0.2790996730327606,
0.6474984884262085,
0.2648456394672394,
-0.08740703761577606,
-0.36021071672439575,
0.09051652997732162,
0.3487032353878021,
-0.097808837890625,
0.12471242994070053,
-0.3335430324077606,
-0.16820350289344788,
-0.2523709833621979,
0.3502666652202606,
-0.04793842136859894,
-0.45212027430534363,
-0.16127365827560425,
0.3328106105327606,
0.4283353388309479,
0.01392610277980566,
0.16374088823795319,
-0.012925762683153152,
0.4332275390625,
-0.45244890451431274,
0.051372822374105453,
0.20474712550640106,
-0.030050424858927727,
-0.15268179774284363,
-0.17340323328971863,
-0.04613524302840233,
-0.31028395891189575,
-0.23326346278190613,
0.179412841796875,
-0.26955002546310425,
-0.13018563389778137,
0.42022234201431274,
0.30819937586784363,
-0.09372770041227341,
0.29324105381965637,
0.24331429600715637,
0.7105430960655212,
0.06478999555110931,
-0.015938391909003258,
-0.21043513715267181,
-0.3489990234375,
-0.057583149522542953,
0.308349609375,
-0.4494253396987915,
-0.017494788393378258,
-0.3153170049190521,
0.4431293308734894,
-0.16220210492610931,
0.5111083984375,
-0.13882797956466675,
0.3999492824077606,
-0.21521231532096863,
0.04345233738422394,
-0.0010867485543712974,
-0.29910042881965637,
0.2322012037038803,
0.0030737656634300947,
0.162841796875,
-0.15025916695594788,
0.056296128779649734,
0.22223369777202606,
0.503587007522583,
-0.23016357421875,
-0.026562031358480453,
0.31051400303840637,
-0.37481924891471863,
0.050261277705430984,
0.11798095703125,
0.5866135954856873,
0.07896892726421356,
-0.15452224016189575,
0.13923527300357819,
0.19542400538921356,
0.3739764988422394,
0.19352370500564575,
0.3892070949077606,
0.3330829441547394,
-0.22511173784732819,
0.21616774797439575,
0.107269287109375,
0.597731351852417,
-0.3613046407699585,
0.3101337254047394,
-0.07843281328678131,
-0.13047908246517181,
0.26690673828125,
0.081878662109375,
0.42917105555534363,
0.23756057024002075,
0.09992863237857819,
0.012517314404249191,
0.366943359375,
-0.10370811820030212,
-0.11534471064805984,
0.0026608980260789394,
0.5366492867469788,
0.5377291440963745,
0.4664776027202606,
0.12033902853727341,
0.4024752080440521,
0.32351449131965637,
0.16771991550922394,
0.013359656557440758,
-0.13617178797721863,
-0.4323354959487915,
-0.22005286812782288,
-0.11541278660297394,
-0.12867149710655212,
0.3010652959346771,
-0.2055898755788803,
-0.31366437673568726,
-0.15965506434440613,
-0.021483421325683594,
-0.2234731763601303,
-0.03814697265625,
-0.16082999110221863,
0.015667255967855453,
0.14739520847797394,
0.33017203211784363,
0.4329740107059479,
0.21058772504329681,
0.5067420601844788,
4.12965726852417,
-0.08841881155967712,
0.3334585428237915,
0.3057955205440521,
-0.06523348391056061,
-0.066232830286026,
0.013346891850233078,
-0.3244335353374481,
-0.15703171491622925,
0.026353688910603523,
-0.31658464670181274,
0.19227482378482819,
-0.26327043771743774,
0.2959735691547394,
-0.14639046788215637,
0.523850679397583,
0.4197152853012085,
0.07006307691335678,
-0.08462289720773697,
0.11491981148719788,
-0.47402718663215637,
0.1508249193429947,
0.171112060546875,
0.07726581394672394,
0.6867863535881042,
-0.09168771654367447,
0.36856314539909363,
-0.15940651297569275,
0.16855651140213013,
0.34067946672439575,
0.6316856741905212,
-0.22621506452560425,
-0.067047119140625,
-0.14079636335372925,
-0.8396559357643127,
0.8023587465286255,
0.10150381177663803,
0.19584304094314575,
0.21841195225715637,
0.22720101475715637,
-0.25714582204818726,
-0.13209885358810425,
0.4052217900753021,
0.36053937673568726,
0.30831673741340637,
-0.16405311226844788,
-0.07520470023155212,
0.33242562413215637,
0.09050340205430984,
0.35796648263931274,
0.11117906123399734,
0.13206833600997925,
-0.13786198198795319,
-0.021139878779649734,
0.0760650634765625,
0.5370905995368958,
0.0206131748855114,
0.24560973048210144,
0.04891659691929817,
-0.1729360669851303,
0.02859262377023697,
0.06386353075504303,
0.10462599247694016,
-0.10791954398155212,
-0.3011099100112915,
-0.10109651833772659,
-0.10892076045274734,
0.0675048828125,
0.1019439697265625,
-0.09243158251047134,
0.35658615827560425,
0.3464824855327606,
0.4773324728012085,
-0.2567842900753021,
0.15344356000423431,
-0.03750140964984894,
-0.3880615234375,
-0.18337777256965637,
-0.22374549508094788,
-0.25006455183029175,
0.08705520629882812,
-0.1035267785191536,
-0.11728022992610931,
0.10229463130235672,
-0.027039747685194016,
0.5169959664344788,
0.19194382429122925,
-0.46104079484939575,
0.2854379415512085,
0.08175776898860931,
0.3353646993637085,
-0.012643227353692055,
0.09125459939241409,
-0.11537405103445053,
0.09053861349821091,
0.19558745622634888,
0.27467697858810425,
-3.990684986114502,
0.14059683680534363,
0.17753483355045319,
0.21150559186935425,
0.17887642979621887,
0.1764761060476303,
0.12348820269107819,
0.4745999872684479,
-0.004610501695424318,
0.28027814626693726,
0.06311387568712234,
-0.01816324144601822,
-0.002765948884189129,
0.4340726435184479,
0.24526742100715637,
-0.25705191493034363,
0.199066162109375,
0.0686451867222786,
0.24038931727409363,
-0.07908748090267181,
-0.30802565813064575,
0.4589092433452606,
0.15546123683452606,
-0.2908935546875,
0.37624886631965637,
-0.07531034201383591,
0.10214937478303909,
-0.005085284821689129,
0.33059456944465637,
0.07200387865304947,
-0.14220955967903137,
-0.14564865827560425,
0.45481520891189575,
-0.27361589670181274,
0.0514775775372982,
0.07097449898719788,
0.6315354704856873,
0.32717660069465637,
0.5780686736106873,
0.6534329652786255,
-0.01964862458407879,
0.22189506888389587,
0.1655050367116928,
0.06417091190814972,
0.2893277704715729,
0.10975118726491928,
-0.1615738570690155,
-0.009231860749423504,
0.44264572858810425,
0.06997445970773697,
-0.0521087646484375,
0.23335148394107819,
0.06822996586561203,
0.17394492030143738,
0.32052847743034363,
-0.05075058713555336,
-0.05474031716585159,
0.22960017621517181,
0.06293531507253647,
0.3148944675922394,
-0.042033854871988297,
-0.49215933680534363,
0.30128830671310425,
0.3266132175922394,
0.005879328586161137,
-0.15373347699642181,
-0.11091731488704681,
0.24650809168815613,
-0.02269994281232357,
-0.6275071501731873,
0.30302900075912476,
0.5366398692131042,
0.18947190046310425,
-0.36293381452560425,
0.22093318402767181,
0.20842097699642181,
-0.05870496481657028,
0.03209245949983597,
0.744704008102417,
0.011239858344197273,
-0.26611799001693726,
0.315093994140625,
-0.4008037745952606,
0.452880859375,
2.416766881942749,
0.34592849016189575,
2.238206148147583,
0.1557241529226303,
0.1466299146413803,
0.0070079658180475235,
-0.040093276649713516,
0.2745267450809479,
-0.021986154839396477,
-0.15241652727127075,
0.11920870095491409,
0.3237774074077606,
-0.054823655635118484,
-0.19477257132530212,
-0.05467810854315758,
0.21940261125564575,
0.3821927607059479,
-1.107496976852417,
0.11805842816829681,
-0.3611051142215729,
0.17539626359939575,
-0.2531832158565521,
-0.07012235373258591,
-0.011473729275166988,
0.16531841456890106,
-0.13366581499576569,
0.20158973336219788,
-0.22368445992469788,
0.07339595258235931,
-0.2474905103445053,
-0.2642587423324585,
-0.0007557502249255776,
0.343994140625,
-0.24284011125564575,
0.17784705758094788,
-0.01964818499982357,
-0.09311763942241669,
4.732271671295166,
0.12799659371376038,
-0.3277212381362915,
0.06375474482774734,
-0.04153677076101303,
0.49391525983810425,
0.32097917795181274,
0.004787151701748371,
0.10686756670475006,
0.4201284646987915,
0.08646333962678909,
0.19480690360069275,
0.03668198361992836,
0.061345174908638,
0.2140737622976303,
0.15048569440841675,
-0.013533518649637699,
0.29178091883659363,
0.22095313668251038,
-0.07211597263813019,
0.24250206351280212,
-0.04484264552593231,
0.22599850594997406,
-0.28721266984939575,
0.04807780310511589,
0.37041765451431274,
-0.2218252271413803,
-0.3022613525390625,
-0.017213968560099602,
0.2645733058452606,
0.38725435733795166,
5.48317289352417,
-0.4108511209487915,
-0.15630164742469788,
-0.22083458304405212,
0.3463886082172394,
0.21182838082313538,
0.0024772058241069317,
0.3564828634262085,
-0.14346489310264587,
-0.09619962424039841,
0.06502239406108856,
0.20294365286827087,
0.09397594630718231,
0.5744065642356873,
0.03794127330183983,
0.1330190747976303,
-0.26372820138931274,
-0.09648484736680984,
0.046894073486328125,
-0.12411029636859894,
0.47340744733810425,
0.030048957094550133,
0.4250863790512085,
-0.3791128396987915,
-0.14137545228004456,
0.1542287915945053,
-0.07128671556711197,
0.3059175908565521,
-0.09106914699077606,
-0.14751845598220825,
0.17759352922439575,
0.5536170601844788,
-0.6991060972213745,
0.17870154976844788,
-0.5798621773719788,
0.16002009809017181,
0.08200395852327347,
0.31704476475715637,
0.014261686243116856,
-0.4139310419559479,
0.14634822309017181,
0.39276593923568726,
-0.04049447923898697,
-0.5396071076393127,
0.08459663391113281,
-0.33981558680534363,
-0.2466665357351303,
-0.028405996039509773,
-0.0308685302734375,
0.18840613961219788,
-0.28604361414909363,
0.1419302076101303,
1.306565523147583,
-0.07794130593538284,
0.3019878566265106,
0.3158052861690521,
-0.36863356828689575,
-0.17282456159591675,
-0.21222862601280212,
-0.12100337445735931,
0.35808855295181274,
0.19165274500846863,
-0.25469499826431274,
0.29694074392318726,
0.49248796701431274,
0.10047794878482819,
0.24502328038215637,
-0.022760463878512383,
0.8070913553237915,
0.10421518236398697,
0.12306917458772659,
0.0625457763671875,
-0.1673044115304947,
0.22430889308452606,
-0.13542762398719788,
0.23383507132530212,
0.2599346339702606,
-0.19989952445030212,
0.34812456369400024,
0.18333199620246887,
-0.10277557373046875,
-0.07818368822336197,
-0.13197223842144012,
0.04879056662321091,
0.06693502515554428,
-0.14744964241981506,
-0.3343975245952606,
0.17083740234375,
0.4578012228012085,
0.030778151005506516,
0.0986328125,
0.10182014107704163,
-0.5414100289344788,
0.22181819379329681,
-0.3288480341434479,
0.02461007982492447,
0.20906184613704681,
0.39853140711784363,
0.20979426801204681,
0.2545917332172394,
-0.42083269357681274,
0.4126727879047394,
0.04001089185476303,
0.16918475925922394,
0.236083984375,
-0.30652326345443726,
0.2746675908565521,
-0.02562214806675911,
-0.006110558286309242,
-0.15208083391189575,
0.4757549464702606,
-0.10872239619493484,
-0.36745041608810425,
0.06134968250989914,
0.12317775189876556
] |
2060
|
From what years did the Hundred Years War last?
|
[
{
"docid": "13273485#3",
"text": "The Hundred Years' War, which lasted from 1337 to 1453, was the backdrop to their pillaging. The Hundred Years' War was fought between two royal families over control of the French throne: the Plantagenets from England, and the House of Valois from France. The War, which is divided into three stages - the Edwardian War (1337-1360), the Caroline War (1369-1389), and the Lancastrian War (1415-1429) - saw the development of new tactics and weaponry that revolutionised warfare during that time period.",
"title": "Routiers"
},
{
"docid": "6461518#0",
"text": "The Lancastrian War was the third and final phase of the Anglo-French Hundred Years' War. It lasted from 1415, when King Henry V of England invaded Normandy, to 1453, when the English lost Bordeaux. It followed a long period of peace from the end of the Caroline War in 1389. The phase was named after the House of Lancaster, the ruling house of the Kingdom of England, to which Henry V belonged.",
"title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)"
},
{
"docid": "3691536#0",
"text": "This is a timeline of the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337 to 1453 as well as some of the events leading up to the war. (The Hundred Years' War actually spanned for 116 years.)\nThe Battle of Castillon is generally considered the end of the Hundred Years' War as Henry VI's insanity and the Wars of the Roses left England in no position to wage war in France. However Calais remained an English possession until 1558 and the title of King of France was not omitted from the English royal style until 1 January 1801 ( after the Battle of Castillon).",
"title": "Timeline of the Hundred Years' War"
},
{
"docid": "18836#80",
"text": "Throughout the 14th century, French kings sought to expand their influence at the expense of the territorial holdings of the nobility. They ran into difficulties when attempting to confiscate the holdings of the English kings in southern France, leading to the Hundred Years' War, waged from 1337 to 1453. Early in the war the English under Edward III (r. 1327–77) and his son Edward, the Black Prince (d. 1376), won the battles of Crécy and Poitiers, captured the city of Calais, and won control of much of France. The resulting stresses almost caused the disintegration of the French kingdom during the early years of the war. In the early 15th century, France again came close to dissolving, but in the late 1420s the military successes of Joan of Arc (d. 1431) led to the victory of the French and the capture of the last English possessions in southern France in 1453. The price was high, as the population of France at the end of the Wars was likely half what it had been at the start of the conflict. Conversely, the Wars had a positive effect on English national identity, doing much to fuse the various local identities into a national English ideal. The conflict with France also helped create a national culture in England separate from French culture, which had previously been the dominant influence. The dominance of the English longbow began during early stages of the Hundred Years' War, and cannon appeared on the battlefield at Crécy in 1346.",
"title": "Middle Ages"
},
{
"docid": "6461518#18",
"text": "By 1449, the French had retaken Rouen. In 1450 the Count of Clermont and Arthur de Richemont, Earl of Richmond, of the Montfort family (the future Arthur III, Duke of Brittany) caught an English army attempting to relieve Caen at the Battle of Formigny and defeated it. The English army was attacked from the flank and rear by Richemont's force just as they were on the verge of beating Clermont's army. The French proceeded to capture Caen on July 6 and Bordeaux and Bayonne in 1451. The attempt by Talbot to retake Guyenne, though initially welcomed by the locals, was crushed by Jean Bureau and his cannons at the Battle of Castillon in 1453 where Talbot had led a small Anglo-Gascon force in a frontal attack on an entrenched camp. This is considered the last battle of the Hundred Years' War.",
"title": "Hundred Years' War (1415–53)"
},
{
"docid": "38719536#11",
"text": "In 1435 Bedford died and sworn enemies Charles VII and Phillip, Duke of Burgundy joined forces to get the English out and with Henry VI reluctance to wage war and to maintain peace by marrying Margaret of Anjou. Charles had no intention of peace and used cannon and sieges to retake France and Normandy culminating in the defeat of the English at the Battle of Castillon in the last English territory of Gascony ending the hundred years war.",
"title": "Chivalry and Betrayal: The Hundred Years' War"
},
{
"docid": "19038039#0",
"text": "The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the French House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of strong national identities in both countries.",
"title": "Hundred Years' War"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "19038039#71",
"text": "Although the Battle of Castillon is considered the last battle of the Hundred Years' War, England and France remained formally at war for another 20 years, but the English were in no position to carry on the war as they faced unrest at home. Following defeat in the Hundred Years' War, English landowners complained vociferously about the financial losses resulting from the loss of their continental holdings; this is often considered a major cause of the Wars of the Roses, that started in 1455.",
"title": "Hundred Years' War"
},
{
"docid": "8925403#0",
"text": "Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War is a historical real-time tactics video game for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms. It was published by Koei and developed by Omega Force. A enhanced expansion remake, entitled Bladestorm: Nightmare was released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PlayStation 3 in Japan at the end of January, 2015 and a couple of months later in the rest of the world. The worldwide Microsoft Windows release was on May 29, 2015.\nThe game is loosely based on the Hundred Years' War between the Kingdoms of England and France in the 14th and 15th centuries. Just like the Kessen and Musou series from Koei, certain liberties are taken from the original history. For example, unlike what happened in real life, it is possible to save Joan of Arc from being burned at the stake. The Nightmare edition features even fable creatures like Dragons and Goblins in an alternate storyline",
"title": "Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War"
},
{
"docid": "8281847#12",
"text": "With its setting in the Thirty Years' War, it covered a period never previously depicted on film (apart from 1933's \"Queen Christina\"). In this light, George MacDonald Fraser wrote in 1988, \"The plot left me bewildered - in fact the whole bloody business is probably an excellent microcosm of the Thirty Years' War, with no clear picture of what is happening and half the cast ending up dead to no purpose. To that extent, it must be rated a successful film. ... As a drama, \"The Last Valley\" is not remarkable; as a reminder of what happened in Central Europe, 1618-48, and shaped the future of Germany, it reads an interesting lesson.\" Fraser says of the stars, \"Michael Caine ... gives one of his best performances as the hard-bitten mercenary captain, nicely complemented by Omar Sharif as the personification of reason.\"",
"title": "The Last Valley (1971 film)"
}
] |
[
0.2227487564086914,
0.12841860949993134,
-0.2703348696231842,
0.04156303405761719,
-0.033095043152570724,
0.1116790771484375,
0.5884196162223816,
-0.3027191162109375,
0.13250605762004852,
0.178802490234375,
-0.5508982539176941,
-0.4625956118106842,
-0.1417694091796875,
-0.01637490652501583,
0.07220204919576645,
-0.04819997027516365,
0.4240519106388092,
-0.0785166397690773,
0.0949350968003273,
0.2215677946805954,
-0.10374704748392105,
0.64697265625,
-0.2140146940946579,
-0.01963583566248417,
0.03070068359375,
0.3381551206111908,
-0.1377410888671875,
0.2747548520565033,
0.3150634765625,
0.10998725891113281,
0.4163614809513092,
-0.1640218049287796,
-0.14845991134643555,
0.21178992092609406,
-0.3122291564941406,
0.2994638979434967,
-0.1985575407743454,
-0.13857586681842804,
-0.022365570068359375,
0.47119140625,
0.008074442856013775,
0.08143933862447739,
0.3588155210018158,
-0.0010569890728220344,
0.522952139377594,
-0.00030644735670648515,
0.332000732421875,
-0.09797414392232895,
0.01519648265093565,
-0.14894534647464752,
-0.58172607421875,
-0.12054061889648438,
0.2149149626493454,
-0.0830942764878273,
-0.3511759340763092,
0.663818359375,
-0.4100341796875,
0.4129129946231842,
-0.2853902280330658,
-0.12577669322490692,
0.1505584716796875,
-0.04308684542775154,
-0.2106068879365921,
0.021178564056754112,
0.016432443633675575,
0.241455078125,
0.1322581022977829,
0.4366455078125,
0.04640960693359375,
0.2223714143037796,
0.038500383496284485,
0.12153387069702148,
0.4083455502986908,
0.03319549560546875,
-0.32835134863853455,
-0.05277252197265625,
0.039638519287109375,
0.1388804167509079,
0.2890828549861908,
-0.2242838591337204,
0.524749755859375,
-0.06452242285013199,
-0.1164143905043602,
0.1327616423368454,
0.11620736122131348,
0.325225830078125,
-0.1620330810546875,
-0.008567492477595806,
0.20115534961223602,
0.7498372197151184,
-0.2191975861787796,
-0.00264739990234375,
0.290557861328125,
-0.08607101440429688,
0.15629322826862335,
-0.308563232421875,
0.2369486540555954,
-0.4709676206111908,
0.11715952306985855,
-0.2756296694278717,
0.0002613067626953125,
-0.21707789599895477,
0.09062925726175308,
0.702880859375,
0.09709803014993668,
-0.353118896484375,
-0.6207682490348816,
-0.07577577978372574,
0.39969125390052795,
0.4268392026424408,
0.1239217147231102,
-0.353851318359375,
0.14566166698932648,
0.3516031801700592,
0.1952667236328125,
-0.041272956877946854,
0.4674886167049408,
-0.3213602602481842,
-0.3994947373867035,
-0.9063720703125,
0.2706095278263092,
0.09435399621725082,
-0.2282816618680954,
0.2530721127986908,
-0.21328990161418915,
-0.7891032099723816,
0.4363199770450592,
-0.14276058971881866,
0.5066121220588684,
0.6082356572151184,
-0.011950175277888775,
0.4376220703125,
0.028369614854454994,
0.55169677734375,
0.3671163022518158,
0.037868499755859375,
-0.07358487695455551,
0.16973431408405304,
-0.0842997208237648,
-0.2366790771484375,
0.09627024084329605,
-0.181234672665596,
0.04596138000488281,
0.5663248896598816,
0.03786277770996094,
0.2673695981502533,
0.1843617707490921,
0.4732462465763092,
0.17666371166706085,
0.1513824462890625,
0.8203938603401184,
0.2173360139131546,
0.00091552734375,
0.23834483325481415,
0.08155377954244614,
0.027801513671875,
0.6830241084098816,
-0.2170918732881546,
-0.011617024429142475,
0.2959810793399811,
0.6720784306526184,
0.3554483950138092,
0.3507181704044342,
0.09696260839700699,
-0.008432388305664062,
0.10814651101827621,
-0.04171435162425041,
0.4820556640625,
0.6202799677848816,
-0.1627095490694046,
-0.3602294921875,
-0.2652638852596283,
0.14850743114948273,
-0.3002675473690033,
0.12555694580078125,
0.217376708984375,
-0.07212098687887192,
-0.154998779296875,
0.1292216032743454,
-0.1313679963350296,
0.2560018002986908,
0.1827748566865921,
0.07005515694618225,
-0.3675333559513092,
0.5547892451286316,
0.06575997918844223,
0.006206512451171875,
0.025180816650390625,
-0.026856740936636925,
0.2069091796875,
0.2532755434513092,
-0.1133626326918602,
0.5289509892463684,
0.054752349853515625,
0.00084686279296875,
0.5297749638557434,
-0.4744364321231842,
0.07921918481588364,
-0.026563644409179688,
0.2192637175321579,
-0.05321057513356209,
0.1726633757352829,
-0.3479817807674408,
0.08610057830810547,
0.4825846254825592,
-0.170806884765625,
-0.379364013671875,
0.3938089907169342,
-0.3143310546875,
-0.13712692260742188,
0.050945281982421875,
0.08522351831197739,
0.14601390063762665,
0.11920102685689926,
0.003338972805067897,
0.3316243588924408,
0.0889892578125,
0.16729736328125,
0.31727123260498047,
-0.12724685668945312,
-0.16959317028522491,
0.4979248046875,
-0.3916740417480469,
-0.2410430908203125,
0.13903935253620148,
-0.303009033203125,
-0.05563966557383537,
-0.2296702116727829,
0.155914306640625,
0.37921142578125,
0.2726999819278717,
0.13692982494831085,
-0.0554860420525074,
-0.2947438657283783,
0.3669535219669342,
0.0813395157456398,
0.2599385678768158,
-0.3100382387638092,
-0.12737274169921875,
-0.24251556396484375,
0.5099284052848816,
-0.4435018002986908,
-0.05311330035328865,
-0.02507527731359005,
0.4455769956111908,
-0.2745157778263092,
0.4357706606388092,
0.031363170593976974,
-0.155242919921875,
0.04344367980957031,
0.16530132293701172,
-0.26385053992271423,
0.2990570068359375,
0.3164469301700592,
-0.2836202085018158,
0.4635009765625,
0.271881103515625,
-0.20854441821575165,
-0.076995849609375,
0.1244354248046875,
-0.029333749786019325,
0.38385009765625,
0.0928446426987648,
0.4086710512638092,
0.026233037933707237,
-0.2398630827665329,
0.4154052734375,
0.3824462890625,
-0.0053227744065225124,
0.1750233918428421,
0.4241536557674408,
-0.22697830200195312,
0.11547284573316574,
0.0907847061753273,
-0.1942036896944046,
0.09648895263671875,
0.4194742739200592,
0.2582804262638092,
-0.28228759765625,
0.3975728452205658,
0.07887395471334457,
-0.047221820801496506,
0.0513203926384449,
-0.3284810483455658,
0.26341500878334045,
-0.16160202026367188,
-0.4073079526424408,
0.01165771484375,
-0.13970947265625,
0.19782257080078125,
0.4509480893611908,
0.4000650942325592,
-0.12017742544412613,
-0.5227254033088684,
-0.4295450747013092,
0.24611155688762665,
0.06459808349609375,
0.12298329919576645,
0.2366231232881546,
-0.3583882749080658,
0.36785888671875,
-0.29001617431640625,
0.05092620849609375,
-0.008318901062011719,
0.21984736621379852,
0.1731974333524704,
0.28854861855506897,
0.24801380932331085,
-0.04991849139332771,
0.3694661557674408,
0.4167276918888092,
-0.5858561396598816,
-0.3250223696231842,
0.4069925844669342,
0.3673909604549408,
0.8893229365348816,
0.30462646484375,
0.3105672299861908,
0.3657735288143158,
-0.06914202123880386,
-0.2151031494140625,
-0.1378631591796875,
-0.3579508364200592,
0.054168701171875,
-0.069244384765625,
-0.3394216001033783,
0.09192466735839844,
-0.3352864682674408,
0.7493489384651184,
0.2404734343290329,
0.00078582763671875,
0.17526309192180634,
-0.31942620873451233,
0.11145782470703125,
0.0070164999924600124,
0.19412612915039062,
-0.24534957110881805,
0.7068278193473816,
-0.16618092358112335,
-0.3538309633731842,
0.2715352475643158,
0.10370127111673355,
-0.000087738037109375,
0.2425537109375,
-0.12150823324918747,
-0.13629372417926788,
0.16601498425006866,
-0.12017949670553207,
0.1519266813993454,
-0.0013020833721384406,
0.06244468688964844,
0.0239537563174963,
0.04009437561035156,
0.0569712333381176,
0.0967855453491211,
-0.10667165368795395,
0.4120992124080658,
-0.055825550109148026,
0.3471476137638092,
-0.2453257292509079,
0.16436512768268585,
0.12048085778951645,
0.020781517028808594,
0.2666727602481842,
0.021169662475585938,
0.3640645444393158,
0.18421681225299835,
-0.09701284021139145,
0.1002511978149414,
0.220733642578125,
0.053471725434064865,
-0.14153797924518585,
0.4137369692325592,
0.08486875146627426,
-0.3463338315486908,
-0.2051289826631546,
-0.09757518768310547,
0.0756734237074852,
0.2533365786075592,
0.53533935546875,
0.049289703369140625,
0.5084635615348816,
-0.1881764680147171,
0.3102315366268158,
-0.2362263947725296,
-0.10294850915670395,
-0.3625844419002533,
0.4388427734375,
0.17459630966186523,
-0.3117777407169342,
-0.015989303588867188,
-0.0405985526740551,
0.3667195737361908,
0.025623956695199013,
-0.0127716064453125,
-0.1693572998046875,
-0.2072245329618454,
-0.030923208221793175,
-0.12268320471048355,
-0.43304443359375,
-0.14319610595703125,
0.3935038149356842,
0.3244171142578125,
0.125091552734375,
4.237955570220947,
0.05094973370432854,
0.221099853515625,
-0.07904370874166489,
-0.06515058130025864,
-0.1691182404756546,
0.1627553254365921,
-0.2565345764160156,
0.16497802734375,
-0.038175228983163834,
0.0036598045844584703,
0.3142903745174408,
-0.020257314667105675,
0.5076497197151184,
0.023201623931527138,
0.282684326171875,
0.2836405336856842,
0.22460174560546875,
0.4284464418888092,
0.42230224609375,
-0.19329197704792023,
0.57769775390625,
0.16887664794921875,
0.2942708432674408,
0.34211984276771545,
-0.1304524689912796,
-0.0976613387465477,
0.1753641813993454,
0.363983154296875,
0.1026865616440773,
0.3092549741268158,
0.09590530395507812,
0.04410712048411369,
0.006062984466552734,
-0.4610188901424408,
0.1857401579618454,
0.3279012143611908,
0.4506581723690033,
0.256561279296875,
-0.0539703369140625,
0.003093242645263672,
-0.19456227123737335,
0.389068603515625,
0.26953125,
0.35523858666419983,
-0.11435826867818832,
0.1368815153837204,
0.2114461213350296,
0.13398361206054688,
-0.22514088451862335,
0.08201583474874496,
-0.054826099425554276,
0.016262689605355263,
0.08231385797262192,
0.2173054963350296,
0.50531005859375,
0.42578125,
0.665771484375,
-0.11335086822509766,
0.15496826171875,
-0.3202972412109375,
-0.2183990478515625,
0.0776316300034523,
-0.0007606347207911313,
-0.3493855893611908,
0.07857004553079605,
-0.052102405577898026,
0.4539286196231842,
0.3245442807674408,
0.1593475341796875,
0.5369465947151184,
0.3530375063419342,
0.5068257451057434,
-0.3629252016544342,
-0.3403421938419342,
-0.2046305388212204,
-0.3229268491268158,
0.027098337188363075,
0.2346089631319046,
0.057951610535383224,
0.1722361296415329,
-0.06712976843118668,
-0.008793194778263569,
0.04091016575694084,
0.08904775232076645,
0.5667724609375,
0.07975006103515625,
-0.2617441713809967,
0.4591878354549408,
0.09901174157857895,
0.2406005859375,
-0.014598528854548931,
-0.00475311279296875,
0.011999289505183697,
0.3588460385799408,
0.05966879799962044,
0.12449327856302261,
-3.9801433086395264,
0.2298075407743454,
-0.2256266325712204,
-0.3927815854549408,
0.08676274865865707,
-0.04462027549743652,
-0.1043548583984375,
0.3470662534236908,
-0.2410380095243454,
-0.175384521484375,
0.09573841094970703,
0.1959991455078125,
-0.11195945739746094,
0.4845479428768158,
0.2678121030330658,
-0.0066897072829306126,
0.01571684144437313,
0.10681422799825668,
0.1759134978055954,
-0.051715850830078125,
0.017955780029296875,
-0.04289122298359871,
0.51141357421875,
-0.2405497282743454,
0.3256327211856842,
-0.010684330947697163,
-0.0039660134352743626,
-0.1301829069852829,
0.3488362729549408,
0.39385986328125,
-0.10525163263082504,
0.06494554132223129,
0.51239013671875,
-0.17743301391601562,
-0.0599365234375,
0.3636932373046875,
0.1746862679719925,
-0.33154296875,
0.2101084440946579,
0.43414306640625,
-0.3753662109375,
0.13324706256389618,
0.46722412109375,
0.0590108223259449,
0.210296630859375,
0.3295491635799408,
-0.2907002866268158,
0.299346923828125,
0.1030324324965477,
-0.1823492795228958,
0.17160797119140625,
0.298431396484375,
-0.1628773957490921,
0.008174896240234375,
0.338836669921875,
0.2937227785587311,
-0.068511962890625,
-0.4441019594669342,
0.2070821076631546,
0.2501424252986908,
0.4558258056640625,
0.03153737261891365,
0.1539408415555954,
-0.022724786773324013,
0.13172785937786102,
-0.09610239416360855,
0.2541554868221283,
0.4573262631893158,
0.6614176630973816,
-0.20404815673828125,
0.2066802978515625,
0.0706227645277977,
-0.033922988921403885,
0.029115041717886925,
0.020994821563363075,
0.1598256379365921,
-0.06863021850585938,
0.1101786270737648,
0.4499308168888092,
0.2488911896944046,
-0.343353271484375,
-0.11130905151367188,
-0.3650309145450592,
0.8472086787223816,
2.22900390625,
0.3838297426700592,
2.2574870586395264,
0.5888671875,
0.09900792688131332,
0.4346517026424408,
-0.1834208220243454,
0.24137623608112335,
0.2496541291475296,
-0.10072199255228043,
-0.1252167969942093,
0.23895008862018585,
0.231658935546875,
0.2115020751953125,
0.08184417337179184,
-0.10712011903524399,
0.2584432065486908,
-1.1025390625,
0.1587880402803421,
-0.06802495568990707,
0.52838134765625,
0.030529022216796875,
-0.1221466064453125,
0.2992604672908783,
0.8100178837776184,
-0.05840333178639412,
-0.304290771484375,
0.1669209748506546,
-0.10430654138326645,
0.05266488716006279,
-0.06765047460794449,
-0.2910664975643158,
0.4877726137638092,
0.054586250334978104,
0.04220835492014885,
0.0720529556274414,
0.02243439294397831,
4.6533203125,
0.3909454345703125,
-0.28192138671875,
0.0054105124436318874,
0.15812921524047852,
0.2247670441865921,
0.6543782353401184,
0.3025003969669342,
0.11536916345357895,
0.13968467712402344,
0.2824503481388092,
0.5808308720588684,
0.2098541259765625,
-0.2348734587430954,
0.09146372228860855,
0.2844289243221283,
0.10652033239603043,
0.2893880307674408,
0.2348480224609375,
0.287567138671875,
0.19441604614257812,
0.02421061135828495,
0.0041656494140625,
0.024595260620117188,
-0.02652573585510254,
0.06929906457662582,
0.3692423403263092,
0.03178485110402107,
0.007931550033390522,
0.15945179760456085,
-0.03394826129078865,
5.470377445220947,
0.4774576723575592,
0.11211395263671875,
0.07374826818704605,
-0.17208035290241241,
0.024005094543099403,
-0.3184305727481842,
0.47320556640625,
-0.12175941467285156,
-0.100250244140625,
-0.06909433752298355,
-0.48577880859375,
-0.1959959715604782,
0.1452178955078125,
0.2180379182100296,
0.3265889585018158,
-0.3636678159236908,
-0.3035990297794342,
-0.03990427777171135,
-0.2463785856962204,
0.667724609375,
-0.5499369502067566,
0.387298583984375,
-0.6554158329963684,
-0.1766231805086136,
0.0065511069260537624,
0.050103504210710526,
0.2773653566837311,
-0.0457611083984375,
0.028492609038949013,
0.3815511167049408,
0.48406410217285156,
-0.3519999086856842,
0.2845560610294342,
-0.6318562626838684,
0.355377197265625,
0.1732737272977829,
0.03497250750660896,
-0.3293571472167969,
-0.05109016224741936,
0.15043894946575165,
0.4755452573299408,
-0.46195220947265625,
-0.012547810561954975,
-0.5905354619026184,
0.10209083557128906,
0.175140380859375,
0.133819580078125,
-0.04388682171702385,
-0.0528101921081543,
-0.1328480988740921,
-0.09057871252298355,
1.1783853769302368,
0.25925955176353455,
0.3129628598690033,
0.18112437427043915,
0.15247002243995667,
-0.3338419497013092,
0.3439534604549408,
-0.2909304201602936,
0.5514729619026184,
0.06002108380198479,
0.3254801332950592,
0.15604400634765625,
0.05271975323557854,
0.022324999794363976,
0.6576334834098816,
-0.2776387631893158,
0.6752116084098816,
-0.4063924252986908,
0.2640584409236908,
0.2815195620059967,
-0.1964009553194046,
0.09385935217142105,
-0.1897989958524704,
0.65228271484375,
0.1242879256606102,
0.030182043090462685,
0.10509427636861801,
-0.16350682079792023,
0.02552032470703125,
-0.5223388671875,
-0.3998819887638092,
0.1258137971162796,
-0.04718208312988281,
-0.089141845703125,
-0.2037302702665329,
-0.06172434613108635,
0.07174936681985855,
0.07220236212015152,
0.18350601196289062,
-0.1305592805147171,
0.13197104632854462,
0.4313100278377533,
0.2437337189912796,
0.1222432479262352,
0.1550038605928421,
0.2776540219783783,
0.01416778564453125,
0.2894693911075592,
0.16038624942302704,
0.20816294848918915,
-0.24695079028606415,
0.024439334869384766,
0.1928965300321579,
0.14730961620807648,
0.08874229341745377,
0.2676340639591217,
0.15668900310993195,
0.4114176332950592,
0.386474609375,
0.4038797914981842,
0.1998494416475296,
-0.00496228551492095,
-0.17226283252239227
] |
2061
|
Who was the first German president?
|
[
{
"docid": "25894181#0",
"text": "The presidential election (\"Reichspräsidentenwahl\") of 1919 was the first election to the office of President of the Reich (\"Reichspräsident\"), Germany's head of state during the 1919-1933 Weimar Republic. The constitution that stipulated a direct popular vote was not completed before 11 August 1919. Because a head of state was needed immediately the 1919 presidential election was held indirectly, by the National Assembly, on 11 February 1919. The winner was SPD chairman Friedrich Ebert, who beat former (Imperial) Secretary of the Interior Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner in the first round of voting by 277 to 49 votes. Ebert was supported by the SPD, the German Centre Party and the German Democratic Party (DDP), the parties of the \"Weimar Coalition\", which held more than 77 per cent of the seats in the National Assembly. He became president of Germany.",
"title": "1919 German presidential election"
},
{
"docid": "337623#0",
"text": "Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck (; 3 January 1876 – 7 September 1960) was a German politician and Communist. In 1949, he became the first President of the German Democratic Republic, an office abolished upon his death. His successor as head of state was Walter Ulbricht, who served as chairman of the Council of State.",
"title": "Wilhelm Pieck"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "3000044#2",
"text": "At the Heidelberg meeting and the preliminary convention (\"Vorparlament\") of Frankfurt he deeply impressed the assemblies with the breadth and moderation of his views; with the result that when the German national parliament met (18 May), he was elected its first president. His influence was at first paramount, both with the Unionist party and with the more moderate elements of the Left, and it was he who was mainly instrumental in imposing the principle of a united empire with a common parliament, and in carrying the election of the Archduke John as regent. With the growing split between the Great Germans (\"Grossdeutschen\"), who wished the new empire to include the Austrian provinces, and the Little Germans (\"Kleindeutschen\"), who realized that German unity could only be attained by excluding them, his position was shaken.",
"title": "Heinrich von Gagern"
},
{
"docid": "299317#7",
"text": "After being elected to the first German Bundestag, he relinquished his parliamentary mandate on 12 September 1949, when he was elected President by the Federal Convention (\"Bundesversammlung\") defeating the Social Democrat leader Kurt Schumacher in the second ballot. He took the oath required by article 56 of the Basic Law before a joint session of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat on the same date. By the time he was confirmed as the first democratic German president since Paul von Hindenburg, he refused to be called “Excellency”, preferring instead to be called simply “Herr Heuss”, \"Herr Bundespräsident\" is the German term of address up to today. Heuss's plans for a new national anthem were aborted by Adenauer, who – in rare accordance with Kurt Schumacher – had the third stanza of the old \"Deutschlandlied\" established in 1952.",
"title": "Theodor Heuss"
},
{
"docid": "242325#24",
"text": "In the first German presidential election, held on 11 February 1919, five days after the \"Nationalversammlung\" (constituent assembly) convened in Weimar, Ebert was elected as provisional president of the German Republic. He remained in that position after the new constitution came into force and was sworn in as \"Reichspräsident\" on 21 August 1919. He was Germany's first-ever democratically elected head of state, and was also the first commoner, the first socialist, the first civilian and the first person from a proletarian background to hold that position. In the whole time of the unified German Reich's existence from 1871 to 1945, he was also the only head of state who was unequivocally committed to democracy.",
"title": "Friedrich Ebert"
},
{
"docid": "338909#1",
"text": "A member of the CDU since 1954, he was elected as member of parliament in 1969. He continued to hold a mandate as member of the Bundestag until he became Governing Mayor of West Berlin, following the 1981 state elections. In 1984, Richard von Weizsäcker was elected as President of the Federal Republic of Germany and in 1989 he was re-elected for a second term. As yet, he is, together with Theodor Heuss, one of only two Presidents of the Federal Republic of Germany, who have served two complete five-year-terms. During his second term as President on 3 October 1990, the reorganized five states of the former German Democratic Republic and East Berlin joined the Federal Republic of Germany (\"German reunification\"), which made von Weizsäcker the first democratically legitimized head of state of Germany as a whole since Reich President Paul von Hindenburg had died in office on 2 August 1934.",
"title": "Richard von Weizsäcker"
},
{
"docid": "299310#0",
"text": "Roman Herzog (5 April 1934 – 10 January 2017) was a German politician, judge and legal scholar, who served as President of Germany from 1994 to 1999. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), he was the first president to be elected after the reunification of Germany. He previously served as a judge of the Federal Constitutional Court, and he was the President of the court 1987–1994. Before his appointment as a judge he was a professor of law. He received the 1997 Charlemagne Prize.",
"title": "Roman Herzog"
},
{
"docid": "9474#5",
"text": "The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trichet, former head of the French central bank, to be the ECB's first president. The French argued that since the ECB was to be located in Germany, its president should be French. This was opposed by the German, Dutch and Belgian governments who saw Duisenberg as a guarantor of a strong euro. Tensions were abated by a gentleman's agreement in which Duisenberg would stand down before the end of his mandate, to be replaced by Trichet.",
"title": "European Central Bank"
},
{
"docid": "13902#17",
"text": "From 1959 to 1964, the first president of the Federation was Hans Krüger, a former Nazi judge and activist. After the war Krüger was a West German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), was a Member of Parliament from 1957 to 1965, served as Federal Minister for Displaced Persons, Refugees and War Victims for 4 months in 1963-64 in the First Cabinet of Ludwig Erhard. He stepped down from cabinet and other positions in 1964 amid controversy about his war-time background. Krüger was succeeded as president by Wenzel Jaksch in 1964 who held the position until his untimely death in 1966.",
"title": "Federation of Expellees"
},
{
"docid": "1443393#6",
"text": "After the election's first round Jarres withdrew in favour of Hindenburg, who was a committed monarchist and popular former general. Although Hindenburg had no interest in seeking public office and was especially uneasy with the prospect of becoming Germany's head of state, he reluctantly agreed to stand, supposedly only after first consulting with the deposed Kaiser. His major supporters were the DVP, the German National People's Party (DNVP) and the Bavarian People's Party (BVP). The DVP, and especially its leader Gustav Stresemann, had reservations about the idea of a Hindenburg presidency because of its possible repercussions for German foreign policy, but eventually came on board.",
"title": "1925 German presidential election"
}
] |
[
0.3204074501991272,
-0.10932837426662445,
-0.2981092631816864,
-0.1961534321308136,
0.010643694549798965,
0.0166354700922966,
0.3917371928691864,
-0.3068169355392456,
0.2168172150850296,
0.2448052316904068,
-0.5065646767616272,
-0.4095052182674408,
-0.4619683027267456,
0.0570237897336483,
-0.09797414392232895,
-0.11355580389499664,
0.5118815302848816,
0.1124725341796875,
0.09197923541069031,
0.2904052734375,
-0.1507636159658432,
0.5251736044883728,
0.04514853283762932,
-0.1288655549287796,
0.2469821572303772,
-0.19427490234375,
-0.2290717214345932,
0.4019910991191864,
-0.0556403249502182,
0.3099772036075592,
0.2663709819316864,
-0.2538112998008728,
-0.0643039271235466,
0.2652706503868103,
-0.1951700896024704,
0.3209092915058136,
-0.08939700573682785,
-0.1680976003408432,
0.04664018377661705,
0.3519829511642456,
0.4047309160232544,
0.0899810791015625,
0.2495456337928772,
-0.043398115783929825,
0.5067274570465088,
-0.4077962338924408,
0.4615885317325592,
-0.0708957239985466,
-0.1840226948261261,
0.2028130441904068,
-0.1900770366191864,
-0.1492750346660614,
-0.2421603798866272,
0.1929456889629364,
-0.5045844316482544,
0.6312391757965088,
-0.1658562570810318,
0.4471571147441864,
-0.0394761823117733,
-0.18076950311660767,
0.2060411274433136,
0.4080132246017456,
-0.0461595319211483,
-0.0928209125995636,
0.3943413496017456,
0.2472601979970932,
-0.0029390123672783375,
0.07931561022996902,
0.1182352676987648,
0.2092759907245636,
-0.015613979659974575,
0.3590630292892456,
0.4058159589767456,
0.1203189417719841,
-0.04998715594410896,
0.0737440288066864,
-0.01093207485973835,
0.3256293535232544,
0.16158464550971985,
-0.185546875,
0.5039876103401184,
-0.1867133229970932,
-0.2725558876991272,
0.4184841513633728,
0.060009002685546875,
0.5118544101715088,
-0.1366712749004364,
0.1497989296913147,
0.2952066957950592,
0.5804579257965088,
0.0872989222407341,
-0.0611640065908432,
0.16176097095012665,
-0.1839870810508728,
0.1626349538564682,
0.4674207866191864,
0.3817003071308136,
-0.3086073100566864,
-0.03865136206150055,
-0.2181532084941864,
-0.0545739084482193,
-0.2659572958946228,
-0.1970486044883728,
0.4530164897441864,
0.4367946982383728,
-0.401123046875,
-0.324951171875,
0.5052897334098816,
-0.030048370361328125,
0.3028835654258728,
0.389404296875,
-0.1588880717754364,
0.08715968579053879,
0.23505210876464844,
0.0007396274013444781,
-0.2264811247587204,
0.1139797642827034,
-0.02754974365234375,
-0.2523668110370636,
-0.4269748330116272,
0.3570556640625,
0.030169805511832237,
-0.18125353753566742,
-0.5069172978401184,
0.0848303884267807,
-0.05146026611328125,
0.3289930522441864,
-0.338134765625,
0.6512044072151184,
0.2117038369178772,
0.1414082795381546,
0.1191270649433136,
0.11674923449754715,
0.3282809853553772,
0.2512478232383728,
0.1208902969956398,
0.1424526572227478,
-0.2362060546875,
-0.5248752236366272,
-0.1021965891122818,
-0.1234266459941864,
0.1876593679189682,
0.0683169886469841,
0.20549678802490234,
-0.059864044189453125,
0.1900702565908432,
0.1291876882314682,
0.1006622314453125,
0.12275441735982895,
0.3399522602558136,
-0.0034510823898017406,
0.2332255095243454,
-0.1230502650141716,
0.4629991352558136,
-0.1311492919921875,
0.5263943076133728,
0.6468641757965088,
0.18245697021484375,
-0.1876966655254364,
0.033763036131858826,
0.7547200322151184,
0.4271104633808136,
-0.1632487028837204,
0.2039320170879364,
0.0681118443608284,
0.2334323525428772,
-0.1522267609834671,
0.2390306293964386,
0.4670952558517456,
-0.2437065988779068,
-0.3975694477558136,
-0.0236850306391716,
0.0021141900215297937,
-0.3492838442325592,
0.3075765073299408,
-0.12714937329292297,
-0.3320583701133728,
-0.0858391672372818,
-0.05652342736721039,
-0.0182766392827034,
0.252685546875,
0.081085205078125,
0.0920206680893898,
0.1949496865272522,
0.4642469584941864,
-0.0424143485724926,
0.17008039355278015,
-0.2698872983455658,
0.015195422805845737,
0.25970458984375,
-0.1744028776884079,
0.2520006000995636,
0.427001953125,
-0.2800428569316864,
0.1353624165058136,
0.009036594070494175,
0.04565874859690666,
0.2655978798866272,
-0.1311272531747818,
0.20846302807331085,
-0.04485490545630455,
-0.1940443217754364,
-0.4542914628982544,
0.2175021767616272,
0.1865505576133728,
-0.2297634482383728,
0.2626410722732544,
0.0796780064702034,
-0.0477040596306324,
-0.03963576257228851,
-0.1731669157743454,
0.1480780690908432,
0.09470537304878235,
0.1443684846162796,
0.1984117329120636,
0.2625325620174408,
0.07410897314548492,
-0.2328965961933136,
0.4378390908241272,
0.1848483681678772,
-0.14826880395412445,
0.3612196147441864,
-0.2542995810508728,
0.2822808027267456,
-0.005281766410917044,
0.019734779372811317,
-0.1412607878446579,
-0.3640272319316864,
0.1874118447303772,
0.1484375,
0.4992404580116272,
0.1714850515127182,
0.1255900114774704,
0.07222069799900055,
0.0716705322265625,
0.11779149621725082,
0.6884223222732544,
0.1636149138212204,
-0.1956854909658432,
0.3724861145019531,
0.3556586503982544,
-0.0571424700319767,
-0.0870327427983284,
0.1734653115272522,
0.4194607138633728,
-0.0417565256357193,
-0.1497461497783661,
0.2109510600566864,
-0.3675130307674408,
0.01975589245557785,
-0.0776943638920784,
-0.1563313752412796,
-0.06387795507907867,
0.3933647871017456,
-0.2585042417049408,
0.1454332172870636,
0.2496066689491272,
-0.1857232004404068,
-0.10117509961128235,
-0.05623796209692955,
0.3171522319316864,
0.6184895634651184,
0.1591796875,
0.10858154296875,
-0.1368204802274704,
-0.1566569060087204,
0.0853424072265625,
0.4608561098575592,
0.103515625,
0.6581488847732544,
0.3631049394607544,
-0.1620279997587204,
0.2196587473154068,
0.4062228798866272,
-0.4540744423866272,
-0.1156582310795784,
-0.1336822509765625,
-0.013753254897892475,
-0.3181694746017456,
-0.17877452075481415,
0.3122016191482544,
-0.2180650532245636,
-0.1717122346162796,
0.231201171875,
0.3809000551700592,
0.6819118857383728,
-0.5192057490348816,
0.021941503509879112,
-0.1888292133808136,
0.1184709370136261,
0.1986490935087204,
0.5278862714767456,
-0.2321234792470932,
-0.5884602665901184,
-0.1169060617685318,
0.4004177451133728,
0.0529547780752182,
-0.26263511180877686,
0.2253960520029068,
-0.02968258410692215,
0.15004052221775055,
-0.3012288510799408,
-0.1113552525639534,
0.1784786581993103,
0.2373996376991272,
-0.5101182460784912,
0.0610707588493824,
0.3534749448299408,
-0.2406277060508728,
0.4182942807674408,
0.3644477128982544,
-0.1195577010512352,
-0.1872965544462204,
0.2531602680683136,
0.3019883930683136,
0.4657118022441864,
0.02219645120203495,
-0.042163532227277756,
0.2026231586933136,
-0.0435926653444767,
0.212158203125,
-0.06403817236423492,
-0.1787380576133728,
-0.3077663779258728,
0.2291056364774704,
-0.14143149554729462,
-0.0902303084731102,
-0.3480495810508728,
0.7772352695465088,
0.5203179121017456,
0.10497750341892242,
0.2346462607383728,
-0.2672390341758728,
0.2638346254825592,
0.0011011759052053094,
0.3499077558517456,
0.2505289614200592,
0.0993838831782341,
-0.416016161441803,
-0.08617549389600754,
0.0608469657599926,
-0.0017979940166696906,
-0.1522844135761261,
0.2831760048866272,
0.0828891322016716,
-0.2849256694316864,
0.1448974609375,
0.09661398828029633,
-0.1700507253408432,
0.1295233815908432,
0.2718912661075592,
0.3489040732383728,
0.015694089233875275,
-0.3111843466758728,
0.2761772871017456,
0.2306450754404068,
0.3371446430683136,
0.2676222026348114,
0.014717738144099712,
-0.3853352963924408,
0.1188863143324852,
0.472412109375,
0.2026028037071228,
0.1087087020277977,
0.2424452006816864,
0.14842765033245087,
0.2494303435087204,
-0.0846065953373909,
0.1338755339384079,
0.0887095108628273,
-0.08303605020046234,
-0.1934560090303421,
0.1440395712852478,
0.1588270366191864,
-0.3595377504825592,
-0.2209065705537796,
-0.0158233642578125,
0.5879177451133728,
0.3321262001991272,
0.37646484375,
0.3107096254825592,
0.3792589008808136,
-0.0260781180113554,
0.0902201309800148,
-0.3682454526424408,
-0.3613145649433136,
-0.2053053081035614,
0.1673550009727478,
0.058074951171875,
-0.05482716113328934,
0.030621634796261787,
-0.4556206464767456,
0.4101155698299408,
-0.2640652060508728,
0.1138407364487648,
-0.3173556923866272,
-0.2546318769454956,
0.1683909147977829,
0.04010433703660965,
-0.010370890609920025,
0.15583842992782593,
0.3584526777267456,
0.2623426616191864,
0.5227321982383728,
4.057942867279053,
0.3556315004825592,
0.09801610559225082,
0.3744303286075592,
-0.0846438929438591,
0.1186489537358284,
0.2061360627412796,
-0.1607242226600647,
0.015594482421875,
-0.00047895644092932343,
-0.1073065847158432,
-0.0155487060546875,
-0.1937934011220932,
0.05674828588962555,
-0.2753092348575592,
0.4090169370174408,
0.1023610457777977,
0.012843238189816475,
0.0530836321413517,
0.2609320878982544,
-0.3371175229549408,
0.5768771767616272,
0.4512532651424408,
0.3035074770450592,
0.4642740786075592,
-0.0901997908949852,
0.0947808176279068,
0.0681627094745636,
0.3163384199142456,
0.2843356728553772,
0.3543565571308136,
-0.1290147602558136,
0.2126091867685318,
0.1933051198720932,
-0.7250434160232544,
0.3465711772441864,
0.4029947817325592,
0.2037692666053772,
-0.0959506556391716,
0.04328155517578125,
-0.3746744692325592,
-0.1623874306678772,
-0.0840335413813591,
0.4153917133808136,
-0.12057876586914062,
-0.3237982988357544,
-0.3308919370174408,
0.2864583432674408,
-0.1583997905254364,
0.12690989673137665,
0.3445095419883728,
-0.14996337890625,
0.07721582800149918,
-0.2242160439491272,
0.2345479279756546,
0.4930284321308136,
0.3156602680683136,
0.4749620258808136,
0.2996826171875,
0.2910834550857544,
0.1277330219745636,
-0.1499091237783432,
0.1192287877202034,
-0.018409622833132744,
-0.4027777910232544,
0.0263960100710392,
0.08110597729682922,
0.4675835371017456,
0.4403754472732544,
-0.1258341521024704,
0.3425021767616272,
0.3548990786075592,
0.3144124448299408,
-0.3191358745098114,
-0.02926916629076004,
-0.2638481855392456,
-0.2970784604549408,
0.2669474184513092,
-0.05099116265773773,
-0.1652425080537796,
0.2252061665058136,
-0.1575385183095932,
-0.1064622700214386,
0.1522352397441864,
0.0974629744887352,
0.3614908754825592,
-0.014522128738462925,
-0.551025390625,
0.2046847939491272,
0.0444302037358284,
0.2960476279258728,
-0.07981618493795395,
0.3991428017616272,
-0.0762668177485466,
0.0604756660759449,
0.2221476286649704,
-0.3205837607383728,
-4.060763835906982,
0.2189127653837204,
0.3481852114200592,
-0.2069769948720932,
0.1996629536151886,
0.05239444226026535,
-0.25555419921875,
0.2946929931640625,
-0.1668429970741272,
-0.0233595110476017,
0.1997036337852478,
0.2565239667892456,
-0.2753499448299408,
0.4007161557674408,
0.1422458291053772,
0.1399807333946228,
0.0274166539311409,
0.0765109583735466,
0.2412787526845932,
0.1342841237783432,
0.1476881206035614,
0.5291612148284912,
0.3855387270450592,
0.024236679077148438,
0.1383022665977478,
-0.0710957869887352,
0.1003926619887352,
-0.1944987028837204,
0.105804443359375,
0.0804375559091568,
-0.1120842844247818,
0.0272962786257267,
0.5258517861366272,
-0.396240234375,
0.2082926481962204,
0.4232313334941864,
0.3546006977558136,
-0.1863335520029068,
0.4621310830116272,
0.4601779580116272,
0.09785757958889008,
0.14095991849899292,
0.65478515625,
0.2897813618183136,
0.4844021201133728,
0.00458611361682415,
-0.2637668251991272,
-0.0018369886092841625,
-0.3090888261795044,
0.0409189872443676,
0.2739936113357544,
0.2029961496591568,
0.0343594029545784,
0.4042154848575592,
0.4551595151424408,
-0.3589240312576294,
0.004725986160337925,
-0.06814617663621902,
0.3502197265625,
0.4833984375,
0.09913761168718338,
-0.1174689382314682,
0.0949062779545784,
0.06069522351026535,
-0.155059814453125,
0.0442928746342659,
0.0287306047976017,
0.0712856724858284,
-0.0384046770632267,
-0.1169264018535614,
0.3177490234375,
0.3053249716758728,
0.0891469344496727,
-0.3827718198299408,
-0.031221602112054825,
0.424072265625,
0.2046034038066864,
-0.2123887836933136,
0.86865234375,
0.4086371660232544,
-0.1725362092256546,
-0.071690134704113,
-0.4850531816482544,
0.3805338442325592,
2.259765625,
0.5301649570465088,
2.3049044609069824,
0.1618313193321228,
0.1785888671875,
0.2651502788066864,
-0.06695302575826645,
-0.0744967982172966,
0.2702365517616272,
0.2378879189491272,
-0.02414788119494915,
-0.09215715527534485,
0.20465087890625,
-0.0026465521659702063,
0.1892632395029068,
-0.0538516566157341,
0.3980170488357544,
-0.5602213740348816,
0.18352678418159485,
-0.3650309145450592,
0.4847276508808136,
-0.11930762231349945,
0.1013963520526886,
0.3737386167049408,
0.2095404714345932,
0.033569760620594025,
-0.2677951455116272,
0.3302001953125,
0.04916805773973465,
-0.4777289628982544,
-0.1137661412358284,
-0.18475341796875,
0.4500596821308136,
0.2438218891620636,
0.8578559160232544,
0.02256350964307785,
-0.0943332239985466,
4.756510257720947,
0.3329806923866272,
-0.34130859375,
-0.02892303466796875,
0.3506401777267456,
0.7702907919883728,
0.5824652910232544,
-0.1289808452129364,
0.06999503076076508,
0.3733927309513092,
0.254150390625,
0.1124606654047966,
0.0192108154296875,
-0.0006883409223519266,
-0.102294921875,
0.1365559846162796,
0.2132500559091568,
0.0581597238779068,
0.17242431640625,
0.3113878071308136,
0.013904571533203125,
0.06096076965332031,
0.1391940712928772,
-0.1649509072303772,
0.1314951628446579,
0.0439215749502182,
0.2898627519607544,
0.0769212543964386,
0.0016894870204851031,
0.114654541015625,
-0.06069183349609375,
5.474826335906982,
0.1872965544462204,
0.3953721821308136,
-0.0787133127450943,
0.0795830637216568,
0.046244725584983826,
-0.3834635317325592,
-0.2289089560508728,
-0.40185546875,
-0.0695461705327034,
-0.0017110506305471063,
-0.0753682479262352,
-0.0826382115483284,
0.5075954794883728,
0.0190751813352108,
-0.0360243059694767,
-0.2025146484375,
0.1456637978553772,
-0.2416585236787796,
-0.0616421177983284,
0.486328125,
0.2844509482383728,
0.3175455629825592,
-0.6751844882965088,
-0.2891065776348114,
0.3806016743183136,
-0.3598904013633728,
0.5472819209098816,
-0.1667463481426239,
-0.1263088583946228,
0.1812540739774704,
0.1355387419462204,
-0.3451198935508728,
0.4881456196308136,
-0.2256808876991272,
-0.02401224710047245,
0.27850341796875,
0.2770589292049408,
0.1874491423368454,
0.1720648854970932,
0.2294243723154068,
0.361328125,
-0.1581013947725296,
0.2310926616191864,
0.2301160991191864,
0.1917317658662796,
-0.1784735769033432,
0.2707926332950592,
0.1820000559091568,
-0.1675686240196228,
-0.1157175675034523,
-0.1187947615981102,
1.3131510019302368,
0.0738186314702034,
-0.13018205761909485,
0.2238430380821228,
-0.0353020578622818,
-0.0047200522385537624,
-0.044058218598365784,
0.2375352680683136,
0.3875596821308136,
0.1586235910654068,
-0.0014699300518259406,
0.4634602963924408,
0.38916015625,
0.6679145097732544,
0.547119140625,
-0.1988254189491272,
0.4693196713924408,
-0.0942874476313591,
0.07425350695848465,
-0.1265326589345932,
-0.0608181431889534,
0.0861138254404068,
-0.1496107280254364,
0.22025468945503235,
0.2359415739774704,
-0.1774834543466568,
0.014102512039244175,
0.3285929262638092,
-0.1189914271235466,
-0.09086523950099945,
-0.3246256411075592,
-0.3173353374004364,
0.0836266428232193,
-0.2093743234872818,
-0.008330662734806538,
-0.2567274272441864,
0.0780995711684227,
0.2133110910654068,
0.2648247480392456,
0.04712507501244545,
-0.1195441335439682,
0.6006944179534912,
-0.0232086181640625,
0.3887803852558136,
0.0248548723757267,
0.0866021066904068,
-0.1395941823720932,
0.1731906533241272,
-0.5221083164215088,
0.08694500476121902,
0.232421875,
-0.028001997619867325,
0.3120659589767456,
-0.3647189736366272,
0.0683814138174057,
0.21221838891506195,
-0.036350250244140625,
-0.0602993443608284,
0.3307427167892456,
0.3016764223575592,
0.2319742888212204,
0.1572469025850296,
0.1734686940908432
] |
2064
|
Is Snoopy a girl or a boy?
|
[
{
"docid": "18956204#11",
"text": "Peppermint Patty often refers to Snoopy as a \"funny looking kid with a big nose\", unaware that he is a beagle. In one instance, she has him serve as her attorney in a case involving the school dress code. In the March 21, 1974, strip, Marcie tells Peppermint Patty that Snoopy is a beagle, finally resulting in her realizing his true identity. Snoopy serves as Peppermint Patty's watchdog several times. She is one of the few girls who does not get disgusted after being kissed by him.",
"title": "Snoopy"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "42200#33",
"text": "Other notable characters include Snoopy's friend Woodstock, a bird whose chirping is represented in print as hash marks but is nevertheless clearly understood by Snoopy; three of Woodstock's friends who usually appeared when on a scouting trip with Snoopy as their scout leader; Pig-Pen, the perpetually dirty boy who could raise a cloud of dust on a clean sidewalk, in a snowstorm, or inside a building; and Frieda, a girl proud of her \"naturally curly hair\", who owned a cat named Faron, much to Snoopy's chagrin.",
"title": "Peanuts"
},
{
"docid": "17133869#3",
"text": "Sophie is a female character who first appeared on June 18, 1968. She was one of three little girls who were under Peppermint Patty's tutelage while she was at Summer Camp. Sophie was lonesome, but met a new friend, Snoopy. Sophie was the only one of the trio to appear in animated form in 1969's \"It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown\".\nAn unnamed girl was an antagonist in the 1972 movie \"Snoopy, Come Home\". She was identified as Clara in the film's theatrical release poster. Clara briefly got Snoopy (and later Woodstock), renamed him \"Rex\", and gave him a forced and painful bath. In her last scene of the film, Snoopy and Woodstock escape in a wild chase throughout her house.",
"title": "List of minor characters in Peanuts"
},
{
"docid": "2572475#2",
"text": "Charlie and Shermy, disillusioned by their continued defeat, see Snoopy arm-wrestling with the boys. They realize that the boys might get even with an arm wrestling game, with \"The Masked Marvel\" (Snoopy) as their champion. Snoopy goes into training, eating the camp's awful food, doing exercises, and drinking a nutritious and noxious concoction. In the contest, Snoopy goes up against Lucy. They both get sweaty and tired in the match, which ends when Snoopy kisses Lucy. He pins her hand; but she says that kissing her was a foul, and she is the winner.",
"title": "It Was a Short Summer, Charlie Brown"
},
{
"docid": "2069295#2",
"text": "Later, Snoopy receives a letter from a girl named Lila, who has been in the hospital for three weeks for unspecified reasons and needs Snoopy to keep her company. Upon receiving the letter, Snoopy immediately sets off with Woodstock to go see her, leaving Charlie Brown completely in the dark as to who Lila is. Linus decides to do some investigating, and discovers that Lila is Snoopy's original owner; Charlie Brown faints upon hearing this.",
"title": "Snoopy, Come Home"
},
{
"docid": "5449354#5",
"text": "He temporarily became Rerun's dog in \"I Want a Dog for Christmas, Charlie Brown\", and also had a television special, \"It's the Girl in the Red Truck, Charlie Brown\", in which he was the primary character. He was also a main character in \"Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown\", where he is shown traveling from Needles to visit Snoopy to be the best beagle at his wedding. Spike competes in a dog race to earn money for a bus ticket. He wins the race, but then gets disqualified for not being a greyhound. The final scene shows Spike returning home to Needles where his private residence is a hollowed-out saguaro cactus with modern amenities inside, where he is rewarding himself for his long travels by eating cake from Snoopy's wedding.",
"title": "Snoopy's siblings"
},
{
"docid": "2069295#3",
"text": "En route to see Lila, Snoopy and Woodstock are forced to face the challenges of a world full of signs declaring \"No Dogs Allowed.\" Each instance - on a bus, a train, and elsewhere - is musically accented by the deep tones of Thurl Ravenscroft. The pair are briefly adopted as pets by an animal-obsessed girl (identified as Clara in the theatrical poster, the soundtrack album's back cover and label, and closed captioning), but manage to escape. Snoopy and Woodstock camp out, and play football and music while preparing dinner.",
"title": "Snoopy, Come Home"
},
{
"docid": "39367067#0",
"text": "The Peanuts Movie (known in some countries as Snoopy and Charlie Brown: A Peanuts Movie) is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy film based on Charles M. Schulz's comic strip \"Peanuts\", produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the fifth full-length \"Peanuts\" film, and the first feature film in 35 years. The film is directed by Steve Martino from a screenplay by Craig and Bryan Schulz (Schulz's son and grandson, respectively), and Cornelius Uliano, and stars the voices of Noah Schnapp as Charlie Brown and, via archival recordings, Bill Melendez as Snoopy and Woodstock. The film sees Charlie Brown trying to improve his odds with the Little Red-Haired Girl, while Snoopy writes a book about the World War I Flying Ace as he imagines himself as a legend trying to save his love interest and fellow pilot Fifi from the Red Baron and his army.",
"title": "The Peanuts Movie"
},
{
"docid": "2069318#3",
"text": "They arrive first in London, where Snoopy leaves the group temporarily to play tennis at Wimbledon, where the beagle gets banned from the grounds when he loses his temper after a dispute with the referee over a judgment call of the ball being in or out. When they arrive across the English Channel in France via hovercraft, they pick up a troublesome rental car, which must be driven by Snoopy as none of the others have a drivers' licence, though Snoopy enjoys grinding the gears out of it. Upon their arrival, the four go to their respective homes. Patty and Marcie go to stay at a farm, where they meet a boy named Pierre, who immediately attracts their attention. It is obvious that Marcie and Pierre have a spark between them - obvious to everyone except Patty, who manages to convince herself that Pierre likes \"her\". Meanwhile, Charlie Brown, Linus, Snoopy, and Woodstock go to the chateau, which they find is apparently abandoned, though somebody keeps leaving food for them and making their beds after they leave for school. In reality, the chateau is owned by an unfriendly baron, and the person leaving Charlie Brown and Linus food is the baron's kindly niece, Violette Honfleur.",
"title": "Bon Voyage, Charlie Brown (and Don't Come Back!!)"
},
{
"docid": "5449354#26",
"text": "Snoopy's father, Baxter, and Snoopy's mother, Missy, have each appeared only once in the comic strip (the father on June 18, 1989, and the mother on July 26, 1996), but only Missy appeared on television. Missy appeared in \"Snoopy's Reunion\" in the flashback of when Snoopy and his siblings are born and being bought by people. Snoopy's father is said to have lived in Florida, and he wears glasses and has a mustache. Snoopy's mother looks like a female version of Snoopy (similar to Belle and Molly).",
"title": "Snoopy's siblings"
}
] |
[
0.2651478052139282,
0.4409734606742859,
0.030052877962589264,
0.2299249768257141,
0.004684101324528456,
0.19295120239257812,
0.2490789294242859,
-0.29293546080589294,
0.2662714123725891,
0.00538773974403739,
-0.26534339785575867,
-0.050305452197790146,
-0.4040083587169647,
0.08600477874279022,
-0.33345144987106323,
-0.06639723479747772,
0.5794788599014282,
0.1283319592475891,
0.46841707825660706,
0.06605391204357147,
-0.27132901549339294,
0.7942560315132141,
-0.33627042174339294,
-0.13753995299339294,
0.05216771736741066,
-0.06622175872325897,
-0.08963844925165176,
-0.10817372053861618,
0.18114124238491058,
0.3624822497367859,
0.15135608613491058,
-0.006277777720242739,
0.024708140641450882,
0.4485307037830353,
-0.11267748475074768,
0.15832172334194183,
0.4267134368419647,
0.07860929518938065,
0.3943314850330353,
0.24471768736839294,
-0.33205345273017883,
0.14322732388973236,
0.1497442126274109,
-0.3145862817764282,
0.24638228118419647,
-0.2318018078804016,
-0.015070134773850441,
0.10088279098272324,
-0.07189564406871796,
-0.07188086211681366,
0.22719503939151764,
0.275146484375,
-0.04725750908255577,
-0.19356884062290192,
-0.1041668951511383,
-0.03496629372239113,
-0.24708141386508942,
0.4769842028617859,
0.2826038599014282,
0.12713207304477692,
0.3777965307235718,
-0.06713797897100449,
-0.2423650622367859,
0.12342695891857147,
0.13975940644741058,
0.35995206236839294,
0.12526598572731018,
0.3153187036514282,
0.18106912076473236,
0.3596857190132141,
-0.24440141022205353,
0.4133744537830353,
0.42513760924339294,
-0.002550471806898713,
-0.12153764069080353,
-0.28585538268089294,
0.048279501497745514,
0.06549955159425735,
0.20219282805919647,
-0.007952257059514523,
0.3376908600330353,
-0.04727055877447128,
0.013820301741361618,
0.44522371888160706,
-0.2614302337169647,
0.414794921875,
-0.0844573974609375,
-0.02194543369114399,
-0.007939771749079227,
0.17353959381580353,
-0.24458451569080353,
0.08894035965204239,
0.0957593023777008,
0.07377589493989944,
0.02129918895661831,
0.21216998994350433,
0.1290283203125,
-0.8028231263160706,
-0.069580078125,
-0.3137317895889282,
0.1834772229194641,
-0.1386663317680359,
-0.18719482421875,
0.2985284924507141,
0.0036836103536188602,
-0.3619273900985718,
-0.5919744372367859,
0.1471349596977234,
0.25223055481910706,
0.13639970123767853,
0.3656782805919647,
-0.05783219635486603,
-0.34279564023017883,
-0.1420080065727234,
-0.13320645689964294,
0.2978404760360718,
0.12344741821289062,
-0.2643932104110718,
-0.2131708264350891,
-0.7673118114471436,
0.23301003873348236,
0.5675159692764282,
-0.35984107851982117,
-0.0947064459323883,
-0.07729756087064743,
0.08571971207857132,
0.6522549986839294,
-0.028926502913236618,
0.6526100635528564,
0.29781827330589294,
0.4134784936904907,
-0.07563643157482147,
0.1815740466117859,
0.8391779065132141,
0.5968794226646423,
0.24313770234584808,
0.11535505950450897,
-0.2247675061225891,
0.27685546875,
-0.17947110533714294,
-0.08323530852794647,
-0.00048481335397809744,
0.0836993157863617,
0.5289972424507141,
0.16319690644741058,
0.28402432799339294,
0.04946344718337059,
0.3206343352794647,
-0.017965489998459816,
0.11723189055919647,
0.17119251191616058,
0.1559808850288391,
-0.09869661927223206,
0.4947620630264282,
0.16172651946544647,
-0.10935280472040176,
0.3097367584705353,
-0.0004522150265984237,
-0.1687677502632141,
-0.2421320080757141,
0.7808504700660706,
0.31838157773017883,
0.3007146716117859,
0.42604759335517883,
0.31252220273017883,
0.3138538599014282,
-0.08090417832136154,
0.513671875,
0.5473854541778564,
-0.38381126523017883,
-0.19605602324008942,
0.058235861361026764,
0.19129528105258942,
-0.2939342260360718,
0.2918257415294647,
0.343017578125,
-0.16978783905506134,
-0.021318435668945312,
0.4793590307235718,
0.17746804654598236,
0.2948552966117859,
0.49758079648017883,
0.36692115664482117,
-0.11320894211530685,
0.7132013440132141,
0.4954279065132141,
-0.41470614075660706,
-0.17701582610607147,
0.06908347457647324,
0.1421716809272766,
0.028486771509051323,
-0.17014382779598236,
0.3844410181045532,
-0.08730454742908478,
0.161644846200943,
-0.359130859375,
-0.2780317962169647,
0.6466175317764282,
-0.30397728085517883,
0.22352184355258942,
0.36583641171455383,
-0.3605291247367859,
-0.2746692895889282,
0.18467573821544647,
0.4934747815132141,
-0.4258478283882141,
0.030957309529185295,
-0.3366144299507141,
-0.30807217955589294,
-0.2981733977794647,
-0.18905362486839294,
0.07343500107526779,
-0.15467625856399536,
0.02608039230108261,
-0.005465594120323658,
0.1528785079717636,
-0.292236328125,
-0.3332422375679016,
0.4893355071544647,
0.05107264220714569,
-0.28090599179267883,
0.14559659361839294,
-0.10470303893089294,
0.2925831079483032,
0.00809478759765625,
0.2398681640625,
-0.2901500463485718,
-0.43796607851982117,
-0.00004022771827294491,
0.2484796643257141,
0.13819746673107147,
0.16801175475120544,
-0.0024164372589439154,
0.06986583024263382,
0.10149314254522324,
0.20074462890625,
0.08971960097551346,
0.08809453994035721,
0.1417291760444641,
0.38425514101982117,
-0.08415915817022324,
-0.06799628585577011,
-0.3762650787830353,
0.16993297636508942,
0.12850119173526764,
-0.07632307708263397,
0.17651644349098206,
-0.01008883398026228,
-0.26955899596214294,
-0.2450616955757141,
0.21790660917758942,
-0.14903675019741058,
-0.3820357024669647,
0.29605379700660706,
-0.034552834928035736,
0.13148359954357147,
0.24166592955589294,
0.15569791197776794,
0.03172163665294647,
-0.0495147705078125,
0.3608953356742859,
-0.24554443359375,
0.3148637115955353,
0.32080078125,
-0.4170476794242859,
-0.1128130853176117,
-0.04736579582095146,
0.502197265625,
0.20106644928455353,
0.4115545153617859,
0.7119806408882141,
-0.23808149993419647,
-0.056235574185848236,
-0.22590775787830353,
-0.15799227356910706,
0.22566084563732147,
0.25497159361839294,
0.07623395323753357,
-0.17425675690174103,
-0.003234169678762555,
0.4402299225330353,
-0.018837668001651764,
-0.17903830111026764,
0.49001243710517883,
0.16719193756580353,
0.6597123742103577,
0.08242902159690857,
0.3095148205757141,
-0.5769930481910706,
0.18473123013973236,
0.11338389664888382,
0.5806108117103577,
-0.006131952628493309,
-0.26241233944892883,
-0.08704445511102676,
0.44961825013160706,
0.09224908798933029,
0.11673528701066971,
0.4227184057235718,
0.2630975842475891,
0.5954811573028564,
-0.2993718981742859,
-0.084625244140625,
0.5691583752632141,
-0.09708821028470993,
-0.19650545716285706,
-0.06342940032482147,
-0.12576016783714294,
-0.04534461349248886,
0.3447765111923218,
0.04605744034051895,
-0.10159873962402344,
-0.01563262939453125,
0.26924827694892883,
0.5475630164146423,
0.38709399104118347,
0.22473977506160736,
0.32296475768089294,
0.8145862817764282,
0.15062089264392853,
0.21270474791526794,
-0.2775435149669647,
-0.20999422669410706,
-0.11865234375,
-0.02234094776213169,
-0.48789283633232117,
0.3465132415294647,
-0.08399824798107147,
0.3728471100330353,
0.3381458520889282,
0.49893465638160706,
-0.07912549376487732,
-0.36172762513160706,
-0.42820045351982117,
0.12037242203950882,
0.30661842226982117,
-0.04299059882760048,
0.5352672338485718,
-0.03171192482113838,
-0.20545543730258942,
-0.01187411230057478,
0.14160571992397308,
-0.022466139867901802,
0.42764559388160706,
0.17120152711868286,
0.16083040833473206,
0.38887718319892883,
0.056549072265625,
0.5420365929603577,
-0.1226452887058258,
-0.10214441269636154,
0.013820388354361057,
-0.0885113775730133,
-0.24043966829776764,
0.08681973814964294,
0.11969167739152908,
0.4615589380264282,
0.08836399763822556,
0.26255103945732117,
-0.18858475983142853,
-0.004840850830078125,
0.08338373154401779,
-0.08295492827892303,
-0.10588940978050232,
0.014786460436880589,
0.3156072497367859,
-0.18201793730258942,
-0.1747693121433258,
-0.2967529296875,
0.2710404694080353,
0.14415670931339264,
0.15231046080589294,
0.3400989770889282,
0.5304288268089294,
-0.04918878898024559,
-0.06274344772100449,
0.11035294830799103,
0.41079989075660706,
0.5799227356910706,
0.13983431458473206,
0.1751806139945984,
0.6745827198028564,
0.35531339049339294,
0.0015671469736844301,
-0.020892230793833733,
-0.19441361725330353,
-0.23186007142066956,
-0.0021650141570717096,
-0.026394931599497795,
-0.2054387927055359,
0.4632457494735718,
0.013814752921462059,
-0.07876760512590408,
0.10736890137195587,
-0.03191237151622772,
0.08217274397611618,
-0.01473184023052454,
0.5526233911514282,
0.2330877184867859,
0.1695306897163391,
-0.03253382071852684,
0.21586470305919647,
0.2610640227794647,
0.390380859375,
4.175958633422852,
0.038144197314977646,
0.36263760924339294,
-0.04701371490955353,
-0.020203329622745514,
-0.2656749486923218,
0.2579345703125,
-0.2031451165676117,
-0.2357732653617859,
-0.0158010832965374,
-0.2635054290294647,
0.22797323763370514,
0.19941850006580353,
0.44313743710517883,
-0.02929132618010044,
0.30580833554267883,
0.48861417174339294,
0.14603771269321442,
-0.19210538268089294,
0.45956143736839294,
-0.4105335474014282,
0.5765269994735718,
0.18013693392276764,
-0.1431635022163391,
0.13357266783714294,
0.09049294143915176,
0.7045454382896423,
-0.08266102522611618,
0.07838717103004456,
0.40743741393089294,
0.31996849179267883,
-0.36328125,
-0.3399547338485718,
-0.32338646054267883,
-1.1380947828292847,
0.28094205260276794,
0.14358797669410706,
0.127685546875,
0.4339710474014282,
0.18023681640625,
-0.2087346911430359,
0.3032115697860718,
0.6217817664146423,
0.3876953125,
0.12116865813732147,
-0.10006436705589294,
0.04508417472243309,
0.5874467492103577,
0.21528209745883942,
0.07654085755348206,
0.37710848450660706,
0.06406471878290176,
0.041793737560510635,
-0.45017310976982117,
0.44759854674339294,
0.46737393736839294,
0.042256616055965424,
0.2983509302139282,
-0.09641187638044357,
0.04776104912161827,
0.03986220061779022,
-0.10014898329973221,
0.3938765227794647,
-0.06654445081949234,
0.0016257546376436949,
0.2818048596382141,
0.2531849145889282,
0.15963397920131683,
0.09883499145507812,
-0.5260120630264282,
0.31219482421875,
0.4537464380264282,
0.12741366028785706,
-0.2767167389392853,
0.27309349179267883,
-0.14381824433803558,
-0.2175743728876114,
-0.15496549010276794,
-0.14536909759044647,
0.2076970934867859,
0.031334616243839264,
-0.12365783005952835,
0.19737105071544647,
0.38619717955589294,
-0.02497655712068081,
0.46224698424339294,
0.034423828125,
-0.308837890625,
0.38840553164482117,
-0.046836160123348236,
0.022714441642165184,
0.30149146914482117,
0.013947227038443089,
0.031899191439151764,
0.0856170654296875,
-0.08108139038085938,
0.20754589140415192,
-3.939985752105713,
0.2908491790294647,
0.10726096481084824,
0.27785423398017883,
0.09678511321544647,
-0.17856667935848236,
-0.12516368925571442,
-0.0336151123046875,
-0.06782888621091843,
0.26277855038642883,
-0.34225186705589294,
0.03755604103207588,
-0.17239241302013397,
0.4982355237007141,
0.2425897717475891,
0.08655669540166855,
0.06664483994245529,
0.3948197662830353,
0.22194601595401764,
-0.423095703125,
0.2520751953125,
0.27364280819892883,
0.015504100359976292,
-0.18888716399669647,
0.08298388123512268,
-0.03212599456310272,
0.36446866393089294,
-0.22463712096214294,
0.07228192687034607,
-0.23430286347866058,
0.29762962460517883,
-0.3123224377632141,
0.4164595305919647,
-0.3459028899669647,
-0.09802107512950897,
0.1992437243461609,
0.5498268604278564,
0.5981889367103577,
0.30355557799339294,
0.2934681177139282,
0.04443497955799103,
-0.1310528814792633,
0.32705965638160706,
0.1278783679008484,
0.014065135270357132,
0.27980735898017883,
0.006609136238694191,
-0.3751220703125,
-0.28662109375,
0.4449352025985718,
0.323974609375,
0.34793367981910706,
-0.025347622111439705,
-0.12781113386154175,
0.593505859375,
-0.3742009997367859,
0.32613858580589294,
0.2833251953125,
0.3444269299507141,
-0.031132785603404045,
-0.1928045153617859,
-0.26247337460517883,
-0.03655672073364258,
-0.019316934049129486,
0.29845359921455383,
0.022570697590708733,
0.4893909692764282,
0.4294544458389282,
0.3447099030017853,
-0.035406287759542465,
-0.00447221240028739,
-0.031231967732310295,
0.2577348053455353,
0.1424505114555359,
-0.19321511685848236,
0.44466885924339294,
-0.23307661712169647,
0.15676046907901764,
0.475830078125,
0.26943138241767883,
0.054374001920223236,
0.14262805879116058,
-0.4901012182235718,
0.12715426087379456,
2.5441229343414307,
0.3618053197860718,
2.288973808288574,
0.24113187193870544,
0.008051091805100441,
0.6443980932235718,
-0.4846635162830353,
0.4552556872367859,
0.2018682360649109,
0.14696155488491058,
0.09100480377674103,
0.06837203353643417,
-0.07526371628046036,
0.3642578125,
0.09130027145147324,
0.08327414840459824,
0.3376021087169647,
-0.5406272411346436,
-0.3669988512992859,
-0.0010965521214529872,
0.21072110533714294,
-0.09752447158098221,
0.07787947356700897,
0.1760503649711609,
0.33084383606910706,
-0.1523492932319641,
0.3329523205757141,
-0.13692404329776764,
0.17251934111118317,
-0.13224099576473236,
0.1874944567680359,
-0.05546153709292412,
0.2794966399669647,
0.18353271484375,
0.04999195411801338,
0.1640569567680359,
0.15347567200660706,
4.74609375,
0.010857322253286839,
0.019675515592098236,
-0.12611527740955353,
0.3414306640625,
0.25699684023857117,
-0.016507236286997795,
0.18665383756160736,
-0.22163529694080353,
0.3962291479110718,
0.6789772510528564,
0.23912464082241058,
-0.2604536712169647,
-0.1335657238960266,
0.11300520598888397,
0.13409215211868286,
-0.10708063095808029,
0.20947265625,
0.24802468717098236,
-0.05482621490955353,
0.18108853697776794,
-0.29715806245803833,
0.09708840399980545,
-0.24122758209705353,
0.019492410123348236,
0.09871327131986618,
0.3235307037830353,
-0.7217462658882141,
-0.08287741988897324,
-0.00634904345497489,
-0.09488192200660706,
5.4655537605285645,
0.10124483704566956,
-0.13902784883975983,
-0.08242034912109375,
-0.20647916197776794,
0.15805400907993317,
-0.3666548430919647,
0.323438823223114,
-0.44253817200660706,
-0.08937294036149979,
-0.060511503368616104,
-0.36861905455589294,
-0.43819913268089294,
0.2767999768257141,
-0.13376131653785706,
0.08873332291841507,
-0.20205411314964294,
-0.08559487015008926,
0.2752796411514282,
-0.037638578563928604,
0.5972789525985718,
0.12135210633277893,
0.31075772643089294,
-0.11754738539457321,
-0.3553633391857147,
-0.334228515625,
-0.2241876721382141,
0.07720132172107697,
-0.21340109407901764,
0.1022491455078125,
0.35977450013160706,
-0.0738726556301117,
0.024810791015625,
0.4927201569080353,
-0.7067205309867859,
0.23370084166526794,
0.5285422801971436,
0.24360795319080353,
0.10901156067848206,
-0.05726207420229912,
0.2204534411430359,
0.7020596861839294,
-0.2606201171875,
-0.5527122020721436,
0.17488791048526764,
-0.12558260560035706,
-0.31484153866767883,
0.3090154528617859,
-0.11431607604026794,
0.0943017452955246,
0.6873668432235718,
0.11086619645357132,
0.7211470007896423,
0.23328953981399536,
0.5409046411514282,
0.029734350740909576,
0.4558771252632141,
0.2407171130180359,
-0.043846823275089264,
-0.18007589876651764,
0.459716796875,
0.22048117220401764,
-0.16501964628696442,
0.21650002896785736,
0.3006702661514282,
0.21888871490955353,
-0.11137498170137405,
-0.20638760924339294,
0.7010387182235718,
-0.34800025820732117,
0.017838912084698677,
0.28079500794410706,
-0.22437633574008942,
0.5168678760528564,
0.04299146309494972,
0.3151300549507141,
-0.1801702380180359,
-0.2747913599014282,
0.007500388193875551,
-0.11464691162109375,
0.017094265669584274,
-0.409912109375,
-0.46451082825660706,
-0.06531871110200882,
-0.1638849377632141,
-0.10919744521379471,
-0.07772757858037949,
-0.0592041015625,
-0.1274701952934265,
0.33804598450660706,
0.22945889830589294,
0.14692826569080353,
-0.24740323424339294,
-0.1223028376698494,
-0.13797830045223236,
-0.08936066925525665,
0.22436107695102692,
0.7041015625,
-0.037814054638147354,
-0.03984520584344864,
-0.2764171361923218,
0.2882857024669647,
0.22864879667758942,
-0.3192582428455353,
0.2644667327404022,
0.0008891712641343474,
0.2774824798107147,
-0.05942535400390625,
-0.29050514101982117,
-0.09483892470598221,
0.459228515625,
0.41994407773017883,
-0.22740589082241058,
0.09771867096424103,
0.043484773486852646
] |
2066
|
When did France abolish slavery in its colonies?
|
[
{
"docid": "38894#2",
"text": "France abolished slavery within the French Kingdom (continental France) in 1315. In May 1787 the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade was formed in London to end the British slave trade. Revolutionary France abolished slavery in France's colonies in 1794, although it was restored by Napoleon with the Law of 20 May 1802 as part of a program to ensure French sovereignty over its colonies. Haiti formally declared independence from France in 1804 and brought an end to slavery in its territory. The northern states in the U.S. all abolished slavery by 1804. Great Britain and Ireland and the United States outlawed the international slave trade in 1807, after which Britain led efforts to block slave ships. Britain abolished slavery throughout the British Empire with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833, the French colonies re-abolished it in 1848 and the U.S. abolished slavery in 1865 with the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.",
"title": "Abolitionism"
},
{
"docid": "1978042#12",
"text": "Slavery was first abolished by the French Republic in 1794, but Napoleon revoked that decree in 1802. In 1815, the Republic abolished the slave trade but the decree did not come into effect until 1826. France re-abolished slavery in her colonies in 1848 with a general and unconditional emancipation.\nWilliam Wilberforce's Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the slave trade in the British Empire. It was not until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 that the institution finally was abolished, but on a gradual basis. Since slave owners in the various colonies (not only the Caribbean) were losing their unpaid labourers, the government set aside £20 million for compensation but it did not offer the former slaves reparations.",
"title": "Slavery in the British and French Caribbean"
},
{
"docid": "6585135#115",
"text": "Slavery in the French Republic was abolished on 4 February 1794, including in its colonies. The lengthy Haitian Revolution by its slaves and free people of color established Haiti as a free republic in 1804 ruled by blacks, the first of its kind. At the time of the revolution, Haiti was known as Saint-Domingue and was a colony of France. Napoleon Bonaparte gave up on Haiti in 1803, but re-established slavery in Guadeloupe and Martinique in 1804, at the request of planters of the Caribbean colonies. Slavery was permanently abolished in the French empire during the French Revolution of 1848.",
"title": "History of slavery"
},
{
"docid": "38894#11",
"text": "The Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic (1792–1804), on 4 February 1794, under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, abolished slavery in law in France and its colonies. Abbé Grégoire and the Society of the Friends of the Blacks were part of the abolitionist movement, which had laid important groundwork in building anti-slavery sentiment in the metropole. The first article of the law stated that \"Slavery was abolished\" in the French colonies, while the second article stated that \"slave-owners would be indemnified\" with financial compensation for the value of their slaves. The French constitution passed in 1795 included in the declaration of the Rights of Man that slavery was abolished.",
"title": "Abolitionism"
},
{
"docid": "13374#16",
"text": "On 29 August 1793, Sonthonax took the radical step of proclaiming the freedom of the slaves in the north province (with severe limits on their freedom). In September and October, emancipation was extended throughout the colony. The French National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic (1792–1804), on 4 February 1794, under the leadership of Maximilien de Robespierre, abolished slavery by law in France and all its colonies. The constitution of 1793, which was never applied, and the constitution of 1795, which was put into effect, did both contain an explicit ban on slavery.",
"title": "History of Haiti"
},
{
"docid": "201973#59",
"text": "The monarchy made a distinction between French soil on the mainland and soil under French control such as the colonies. This distinction allowed for slavery to be illegal in France but continue in the colonies. Colonists in Saint Domingue wanted to have representation, 21 members due to their population size and contribution to the economy. This was shot down by the National Convention as the majority of their population were slaves and thus had no rights as citizens and contributed nothing to representative population. The Société des amis des Noirs in France originally did oppose slavery during the 1780s, however much of this opposition was ignored as a result of the French Revolution breaking out. The French showed a much greater willingness to act on the issue of slavery when the threat of a war with Spain seemed imminent. In 1792 the National Convention agreed to delegate 3 commissaries for Saint Domingue. Two of the commissaires, Léger-Félicité Sonthonax and Étienne Polverel, implemented rights for free men of color that were equal to their white counterparts. On May 5, 1793, Sonthonax and Polverel, first attacked the plantation system and forced the owners to treat the slaves better and care more for their well-being. Sonthonax then attacked slavery itself by freeing any slave Huzards, Latin for hazards, who had been armed by their masters since they could not return to peaceful plantation life. Polverel issued a proclamation in Cap Francais on June 21, 1793 which freed all slaves who agreed to fight for the French Republic from both internal and external threats. The commissaires then ruled that the Republic would pay an indemnity to the owners of female slaves marrying free men and that all children of that union would be free. The National Convention eventually allowed for 6 representative members for the colony. When pressured by the Friends of the Blacks to end the slave trade in the colonies, the National Convention refused on the grounds of slavery being too core to the French economic wealth. The committee felt “six million French people relied on the colonies to survive” and continued to stand by this argument. On October 12, 1790 the National Convention declared the only body of power who could control the status of people in the colonies were committees in the colonies themselves--this meant although free blacks met the requirement for active citizenship the white colonists would not allow it. This was done in an attempt to please the white colonists and convince them not to join forces with the British. This also gave the colonies the power to control their own laws regarding slavery and allowed for the National Convention to wash their hands of the issue. Three deputies from Saint Domingue traveled to France to attempt to persuade the National Convention to abolish slavery. The National Convention abolished slavery after hearing speeches from the deputies on February 4, 1794. However, the Committee of Public Safety delayed sending the proclamation to the colonies for two months. This was due to the apparent opposition of Robespierre to the abolition of slavery. The issue was eventually resolved following the Committee circumventing Robespierre and ordering the abolition decree to be sent to Saint Domingue. However, Napoleon's attempt to return to slavery in 1801 removed France's state of being the first to abolish slavery and led to the loss of the most prosperous French colony.",
"title": "National Convention"
},
{
"docid": "57736445#11",
"text": "On 4 February 1794, during the French Revolution, the National Assembly of the First Republic abolished slavery in France and its colonies. The military successes of the French Republic and Napoleon carried across Europe the ideals of egalitarianism and brought into question the practice of slavery in the colonies of other European powers.",
"title": "Planter class"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "38325766#10",
"text": "When the French took over the region in the early 1900s they had a policy banning the existence of slavery. However local French administrators usually resisted pressure to abolish slavery from the colonial and metropolitan governments. French administrators would take credit for abolishing slavery by simply ignoring its continued existence or claiming that the bonds were voluntary. One local administrator justified such a policy by saying, “I do\nnot think it is presently possible to eliminate slavery. Our civilization has not penetrated deeply enough for the natives, both masters and slaves, to understand and accept any measures towards the outright elimination of slavery.” The local colonial administrators did however carry out policies to put a stop to slave trafficking and slave markets. During World War I, in order to meet quotas of troops to the French army, traditional chiefs supplied slaves to the colonial administration. In urban areas and settled communities with a strong French administrative presence, slavery and forced servitude were gradually ended, but in the rest of the country the practices remained active.",
"title": "Slavery in Niger"
},
{
"docid": "49005#84",
"text": "William Wilberforce was a driving force in the British Parliament in the fight against the slave trade in the British Empire. On 22 February 1807, the House of Commons passed a motion 283 votes to 16 to abolish the Atlantic slave trade. The United States abolished the slave trade the same year, but not its internal slave trade which became the dominant character in American slavery until the 1860s. In 1805 the British Order-in-Council had restricted the importation of slaves into colonies that had been captured from France and the Netherlands. Britain continued to press other nations to end its trade; in 1810 an Anglo-Portuguese treaty was signed whereby Portugal agreed to restrict its trade into its colonies; an 1813 Anglo-Swedish treaty whereby Sweden outlawed its slave trade; the Treaty of Paris 1814 where France agreed with Britain that the trade is \"repugnant to the principles of natural justice\" and agreed to abolish the slave trade in five years; the 1814 Anglo-Netherlands treaty where the Dutch outlawed its slave trade.\nThe Royal Navy's West Africa Squadron, established in 1808, grew by 1850 to a force of some 25 vessels, which were tasked with combating slavery along the African coast. Between 1807 and 1860, the Royal Navy's Squadron seized approximately 1,600 ships involved in the slave trade and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard these vessels. Several hundred slaves a year were transported by the navy to the British colony of Sierra Leone, where they were made to serve as \"apprentices\" in the colonial economy until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.\nThe last recorded slave ship to land on U.S. soil was the \"Clotilde\", which in 1859 illegally smuggled a number of Africans into the town of Mobile, Alabama. The Africans on board were sold as slaves; however, slavery in the U.S. was abolished five years later following the end of the American Civil War in 1865. The last survivor of the voyage was Cudjoe Lewis, who died in 1935.\nThe last country to ban the Atlantic slave trade was Brazil in 1831. However, a vibrant illegal trade continued to ship large numbers of enslaved people to Brazil and also to Cuba until the 1860s, when British enforcement and further diplomacy finally ended the Atlantic slave trade. In 1870 Portugal ended the last trade route with the Americas where the last country to import slaves was Brazil. In Brazil, however, slavery itself was not ended until 1888, making it the last country in the Americas to end involuntary servitude.",
"title": "Atlantic slave trade"
},
{
"docid": "9329483#10",
"text": "The decrease in trade indirectly led to the collapse of states like the Edo Empire. Britain withdrew from the slave trade when it was the major transporter of slaves to the Americas. The French had abolished slavery following the French Revolution, although it briefly re-established it in its Caribbean colonies under Napoleon. France sold Louisiana to the United States in 1803, the same year that it gave up on trying to regain Saint-Domingue. By the end of the Napoleonic Wars, it ended slavery in its possessions. Between them, the French and the British had purchased a majority of the slaves sold from the ports of Edo. The economy suffered from the decline in the slave trade, although considerable smuggling of slaves to the Americas continued for years afterwards.",
"title": "Colonial Nigeria"
}
] |
[
0.05152606964111328,
-0.22375233471393585,
-0.3884989321231842,
0.0853678360581398,
-0.27338919043540955,
0.3275400698184967,
0.4331563413143158,
-0.3428955078125,
0.27725091576576233,
0.2376708984375,
-0.11047109216451645,
-0.5139973759651184,
-0.08247724920511246,
0.16208839416503906,
-0.2671000063419342,
0.008431593887507915,
0.4546101987361908,
0.0402170829474926,
0.09561920166015625,
0.3899942934513092,
-0.055016834288835526,
0.4031168520450592,
-0.039059560745954514,
0.03805478289723396,
-0.4232381284236908,
0.3268839418888092,
0.2233072966337204,
0.2682393491268158,
-0.1261189728975296,
-0.009166717529296875,
0.19212722778320312,
-0.0022595722693949938,
0.020064353942871094,
0.6690877079963684,
-0.32143402099609375,
0.250244140625,
0.2196909636259079,
0.3380126953125,
-0.3280130922794342,
0.6753336787223816,
0.07280150800943375,
-0.3458811342716217,
0.2791595458984375,
0.1892598420381546,
0.35002899169921875,
-0.07503815740346909,
0.132476806640625,
-0.10368935018777847,
-0.19956398010253906,
0.14961878955364227,
-0.2668202817440033,
0.054795581847429276,
-0.1540781706571579,
0.08004697412252426,
-0.6775715947151184,
0.48583984375,
0.3017781674861908,
0.6649577021598816,
0.7290242314338684,
0.0006863276357762516,
0.07757361978292465,
0.018288293853402138,
0.24249267578125,
-0.11611402034759521,
0.60882568359375,
0.15004348754882812,
-0.03184032440185547,
0.04554271697998047,
-0.4589335024356842,
0.43035888671875,
0.12033716589212418,
0.17984263598918915,
0.5387166142463684,
-0.10130437463521957,
-0.2813568115234375,
-0.7398274540901184,
-0.13811223208904266,
0.46048927307128906,
-0.10170817375183105,
-0.1688639372587204,
0.6837565302848816,
-0.3996175229549408,
0.3262532651424408,
0.4337972104549408,
0.2012888640165329,
0.20188648998737335,
0.1287587434053421,
0.0589090995490551,
-0.010819275863468647,
0.5560302734375,
-0.018423834815621376,
0.10233815759420395,
-0.2960256040096283,
-0.1498870849609375,
-0.4220987856388092,
0.18498866260051727,
0.4249471127986908,
0.220916748046875,
0.2093556672334671,
-0.2865397036075592,
-0.4325765073299408,
-0.327850341796875,
-0.2466888427734375,
0.22223789989948273,
0.53436279296875,
-0.40008544921875,
-0.3904215395450592,
-0.13245010375976562,
-0.1703612059354782,
0.07901763916015625,
0.12922222912311554,
-0.1772206574678421,
-0.1837024688720703,
-0.5884602665901184,
0.225128173828125,
0.3273722231388092,
0.6894480586051941,
-0.2615763247013092,
-0.7081918716430664,
-1.2630615234375,
0.292694091796875,
0.4434814453125,
-0.13127517700195312,
0.6010945439338684,
-0.1727650910615921,
-0.3921407163143158,
0.5878092646598816,
0.2963053286075592,
0.6304931640625,
0.5528767704963684,
-0.22008578479290009,
0.2726542055606842,
0.1167144775390625,
0.8169758915901184,
-0.10942395776510239,
0.6391499638557434,
-0.023848852142691612,
-0.1538848876953125,
0.07950401306152344,
-0.2263743132352829,
0.03444480895996094,
0.06808535009622574,
0.12024053186178207,
0.2727470397949219,
0.0648905411362648,
0.13113529980182648,
-0.050830841064453125,
0.10314178466796875,
0.007126172538846731,
-0.2006336897611618,
0.13131968677043915,
0.3035888671875,
-0.2572123110294342,
0.5125935673713684,
0.1902109831571579,
0.3893941342830658,
-0.21209461987018585,
0.3331400454044342,
0.3124898374080658,
0.2314402312040329,
0.7993571162223816,
0.4290975034236908,
0.0497945137321949,
-0.15653102099895477,
0.1066131591796875,
0.052852630615234375,
-0.2136688232421875,
0.7843424677848816,
0.6889241337776184,
-0.24025218188762665,
-0.25482177734375,
0.12197621911764145,
0.532989501953125,
-0.1623433381319046,
0.08566411584615707,
0.349517822265625,
0.07731262594461441,
0.04473622515797615,
0.1841583251953125,
-0.0901896134018898,
0.2236531525850296,
0.3311564028263092,
0.487457275390625,
0.288909912109375,
0.5044758915901184,
0.07293764501810074,
0.3338216245174408,
0.13158686459064484,
-0.0665680542588234,
-0.333160400390625,
0.2224833220243454,
0.30896249413490295,
0.822021484375,
0.07869211584329605,
-0.2736765444278717,
0.04249318316578865,
-0.332122802734375,
0.1045176163315773,
-0.474884033203125,
0.08253320306539536,
-0.033677417784929276,
-0.38138723373413086,
-0.3273111879825592,
0.3575541079044342,
0.3168233335018158,
-0.5644251704216003,
0.06340789794921875,
0.22501373291015625,
-0.1737823486328125,
-0.3845723569393158,
-0.0063680014573037624,
-0.0563608817756176,
0.26983642578125,
0.4181722104549408,
0.027981122955679893,
0.1856333464384079,
0.0588126964867115,
-0.21615028381347656,
0.3815561830997467,
-0.059970855712890625,
-0.35076904296875,
-0.00019137065100949258,
-0.28579458594322205,
-0.3099466860294342,
0.1408488005399704,
-0.1658884733915329,
-0.1014200821518898,
-0.0662943497300148,
0.2756551206111908,
0.3951009213924408,
0.2137959748506546,
-0.2166849821805954,
0.2592976987361908,
-0.4573465883731842,
0.07058588415384293,
0.10289255529642105,
0.3917643129825592,
0.252227783203125,
-0.1910959929227829,
0.07331100851297379,
0.659423828125,
-0.00495147705078125,
-0.2877451479434967,
-0.3446451723575592,
0.454833984375,
-0.10283788293600082,
0.444091796875,
0.16651535034179688,
-0.302886962890625,
-0.09301630407571793,
0.022772470489144325,
-0.1383921355009079,
0.06281789392232895,
0.3944498598575592,
-0.2112833708524704,
-0.07343292236328125,
0.4522501528263092,
-0.2261606901884079,
-0.3864288330078125,
0.13668060302734375,
0.21419508755207062,
0.053391456604003906,
0.743408203125,
0.10803985595703125,
-0.318450927734375,
0.2892354428768158,
0.212066650390625,
0.326019287109375,
-0.24737548828125,
0.10372861474752426,
0.20549900829792023,
0.09172645956277847,
-0.1730550080537796,
0.42266845703125,
-0.02809307910501957,
-0.1960500031709671,
0.46630859375,
0.17681503295898438,
-0.36328125,
0.21661122143268585,
0.2249908447265625,
0.1347452849149704,
-0.3951619565486908,
-0.07293447107076645,
-0.0029579799156636,
0.5472819209098816,
-0.3425089418888092,
-0.1639575958251953,
-0.20672862231731415,
0.1192830428481102,
0.3037923276424408,
0.3065287172794342,
-0.1597900390625,
-0.11090278625488281,
-0.12289873510599136,
0.521820068359375,
-0.1078898087143898,
-0.31258392333984375,
0.3836568295955658,
-0.12112172693014145,
0.30150094628334045,
-0.8548583984375,
0.1390094757080078,
0.2514546811580658,
-0.006189664360135794,
-0.09326616674661636,
-0.0066235861741006374,
0.04140790179371834,
0.0568796806037426,
0.4873555600643158,
0.3717244565486908,
-0.4275919497013092,
0.1145985946059227,
0.0956878662109375,
0.230743408203125,
0.37994384765625,
0.4823201596736908,
0.14430491626262665,
0.18987655639648438,
0.1520894318819046,
-0.134979248046875,
-0.08004506677389145,
-0.2624918520450592,
-0.2204691618680954,
0.06633281707763672,
-0.5693867802619934,
0.049167633056640625,
-0.02740510366857052,
0.3363227844238281,
0.09115854650735855,
0.49176025390625,
0.42254638671875,
-0.1447906494140625,
-0.1779123991727829,
-0.029264450073242188,
0.12285105139017105,
0.061428386718034744,
0.4674072265625,
-0.24044354259967804,
-0.019914627075195312,
0.1385447233915329,
-0.2113240510225296,
0.27239227294921875,
0.1820322722196579,
-0.011716644279658794,
0.036393165588378906,
0.32826995849609375,
0.1442311555147171,
0.5018107295036316,
-0.14340846240520477,
-0.1795501708984375,
0.322235107421875,
-0.046029407531023026,
-0.0336456298828125,
0.18903858959674835,
0.4843851625919342,
0.3489278256893158,
-0.0432581901550293,
0.5264078974723816,
-0.2645670473575592,
0.27613767981529236,
0.2851053774356842,
0.1358083039522171,
0.2991231381893158,
0.4557291567325592,
0.26933541893959045,
0.005077680107206106,
-0.0014677047729492188,
0.2295735627412796,
-0.20134226977825165,
0.1730753630399704,
-0.014203389175236225,
-0.04431120678782463,
-0.1814168244600296,
-0.3740132749080658,
-0.14307911694049835,
-0.11721420288085938,
0.6017863154411316,
0.4663899838924408,
0.3130696713924408,
0.056201934814453125,
0.61590576171875,
0.2411702424287796,
0.10522715002298355,
-0.32781982421875,
-0.1361846923828125,
0.1427154541015625,
0.3106282651424408,
0.3003794252872467,
-0.18624114990234375,
0.051761627197265625,
-0.26648011803627014,
-0.140432670712471,
-0.23871612548828125,
0.21363575756549835,
-0.05480766296386719,
-0.09407275915145874,
0.17818482220172882,
-0.2520955502986908,
-0.3270365297794342,
-0.05015675351023674,
0.6534423828125,
0.2811686098575592,
0.6532999873161316,
4.08740234375,
0.05600706860423088,
0.050418853759765625,
-0.21535110473632812,
-0.1261259764432907,
-0.0915120467543602,
0.2401987761259079,
-0.38360595703125,
0.057994842529296875,
0.1586151123046875,
0.05391915515065193,
0.2897745668888092,
0.016197839751839638,
0.014506022445857525,
-0.012180964462459087,
0.1792551726102829,
0.4969278872013092,
-0.08194223791360855,
0.1933441162109375,
0.4833170473575592,
-0.5134684443473816,
0.3140462338924408,
0.2539113461971283,
0.21943537890911102,
0.4506022036075592,
-0.2577158510684967,
0.011156718246638775,
-0.1789601594209671,
0.495086669921875,
0.2301991730928421,
0.370574951171875,
-0.18910662829875946,
0.2785237729549408,
-0.14230473339557648,
-0.374481201171875,
0.22288131713867188,
0.448486328125,
0.444976806640625,
-0.007689436431974173,
0.24747173488140106,
-0.06578569859266281,
0.29806646704673767,
0.40554556250572205,
0.5965372920036316,
0.4849955141544342,
-0.1979014128446579,
-0.1936798095703125,
0.3021341860294342,
0.4567718505859375,
0.4719136655330658,
0.3783670961856842,
-0.1408664435148239,
0.021734198555350304,
-0.07022222131490707,
0.28271484375,
0.450439453125,
0.3043314516544342,
0.38331857323646545,
0.10426205396652222,
-0.05960845947265625,
0.02309671975672245,
0.1157846450805664,
0.21861283481121063,
-0.45074462890625,
-0.0772196426987648,
0.3637288510799408,
0.15028636157512665,
-0.09034792333841324,
-0.012317657470703125,
0.3451944887638092,
-0.04445362091064453,
0.4324137270450592,
0.3626200258731842,
-0.07080078125,
-0.2001393586397171,
-0.09565290063619614,
-0.1289900690317154,
-0.0735270157456398,
-0.20230865478515625,
0.1946360319852829,
0.1373395323753357,
-0.11332257837057114,
-0.09556642919778824,
0.2292226105928421,
-0.01712544821202755,
0.52813720703125,
0.22439701855182648,
-0.40829721093177795,
0.52496337890625,
-0.129730224609375,
0.17332203686237335,
0.19766490161418915,
0.03053792379796505,
0.1742706298828125,
0.33685302734375,
0.06240479275584221,
-0.260955810546875,
-3.98388671875,
0.31501516699790955,
0.3222147524356842,
-0.352020263671875,
0.10505930334329605,
0.18456141650676727,
0.09478759765625,
0.02936553955078125,
-0.17363230884075165,
0.1581522673368454,
0.1301218718290329,
-0.12488492578268051,
-0.240875244140625,
0.8069050908088684,
0.08975410461425781,
0.168975830078125,
0.2111256867647171,
0.0823303833603859,
0.16030772030353546,
-0.4122721254825592,
-0.031174341216683388,
-0.2959493100643158,
0.2683512270450592,
0.27392706274986267,
0.05947812274098396,
0.01162592601031065,
-0.012706756591796875,
-0.369598388671875,
-0.3038139343261719,
-0.12528260052204132,
-0.08176422119140625,
0.3093719482421875,
0.7191569209098816,
-0.06284014135599136,
0.10403458029031754,
0.1346791535615921,
0.34989166259765625,
0.0061437287367880344,
0.3857625424861908,
0.14716339111328125,
-0.11740875244140625,
-0.033323924988508224,
0.08661651611328125,
-0.0016384124755859375,
0.06301244348287582,
-0.10134061425924301,
-0.3277181088924408,
0.1123301163315773,
-0.03963490203022957,
0.05765978619456291,
0.4071044921875,
0.1324412077665329,
-0.2221018522977829,
0.12300896644592285,
0.4455362856388092,
0.02790776826441288,
-0.010844866745173931,
-0.10095342248678207,
0.4965006411075592,
0.2795054018497467,
0.0673116073012352,
0.11995077133178711,
-0.07512760162353516,
0.18862660229206085,
0.2039775848388672,
-0.13075001537799835,
-0.15940602123737335,
0.04472748562693596,
0.13593165576457977,
0.16320037841796875,
0.4484456479549408,
0.055095672607421875,
0.2242482453584671,
0.0488026924431324,
0.390869140625,
0.2984415590763092,
-0.09197235107421875,
0.02117776870727539,
0.4963582456111908,
0.22628529369831085,
0.027065912261605263,
0.060334522277116776,
-0.38958740234375,
-0.0018448829650878906,
2.1717121601104736,
0.3258870542049408,
2.1542155742645264,
0.3513895571231842,
0.36186981201171875,
0.6169026494026184,
-0.09755516052246094,
0.14206886291503906,
0.10117212682962418,
0.0549367256462574,
-0.08143297582864761,
0.3313446044921875,
-0.2902730405330658,
0.0710856094956398,
0.2567342221736908,
-0.188262939453125,
0.2815958559513092,
-0.9703776240348816,
-0.118621826171875,
-0.29403939843177795,
0.3966064453125,
0.12413787841796875,
-0.1962839812040329,
0.2751108705997467,
0.5333659052848816,
-0.10278892517089844,
-0.3491007387638092,
0.05873362347483635,
-0.08726374059915543,
-0.24876148998737335,
-0.2074330598115921,
0.08071327209472656,
0.5272420048713684,
-0.056975048035383224,
-0.2189890593290329,
0.4129638671875,
-0.2853902280330658,
4.669596195220947,
0.060497283935546875,
-0.1348714828491211,
-0.3234659731388092,
0.3236592710018158,
0.2030080109834671,
0.4176432192325592,
0.04173024371266365,
-0.030065536499023438,
0.1387227326631546,
0.4425252377986908,
0.18889427185058594,
0.09419822692871094,
-0.19804000854492188,
0.20003001391887665,
0.394256591796875,
0.1242574080824852,
0.3093210756778717,
0.39434814453125,
0.2512308657169342,
0.47589111328125,
0.1503041535615921,
0.12566757202148438,
-0.14695040881633759,
-0.1356760710477829,
0.1820729523897171,
-0.006055891513824463,
-0.0503997802734375,
-0.09397125244140625,
0.3497212827205658,
0.4759623110294342,
5.471028804779053,
0.14373143017292023,
0.2958780825138092,
0.1745452880859375,
-0.002156416652724147,
0.5325520634651184,
-0.17438697814941406,
0.4017537534236908,
-0.023867925629019737,
-0.02486133575439453,
0.007864952087402344,
0.1526234894990921,
0.07565752416849136,
-0.1354351043701172,
0.1305186003446579,
0.3620809018611908,
-0.316162109375,
-0.2484639436006546,
0.3545684814453125,
-0.6115315556526184,
0.381256103515625,
-0.06835174560546875,
0.13664372265338898,
-0.52978515625,
-0.2262624055147171,
-0.05270703509449959,
0.09976132959127426,
0.1542612761259079,
0.0893707275390625,
0.0665639266371727,
0.13400523364543915,
0.5209147334098816,
-0.3263956606388092,
0.13478787243366241,
-0.31601715087890625,
0.4244181215763092,
0.3913065493106842,
0.048333484679460526,
-0.1411692351102829,
-0.21609432995319366,
0.3525187075138092,
0.34503173828125,
-0.14649517834186554,
-0.15135319530963898,
-0.02313741110265255,
-0.16995494067668915,
0.0044918060302734375,
-0.0934906005859375,
0.01723734475672245,
0.1970367431640625,
0.1435038298368454,
-0.11497751623392105,
0.83026123046875,
-0.22032229602336884,
-0.04433949664235115,
0.17822010815143585,
-0.022928237915039062,
0.0367019958794117,
-0.2732734680175781,
0.343719482421875,
0.5410563349723816,
0.027873516082763672,
-0.186920166015625,
0.6976725459098816,
0.275787353515625,
0.16748745739459991,
0.07761891931295395,
-0.1594899445772171,
0.6856282353401184,
-0.2453816682100296,
0.0959523543715477,
-0.3048534393310547,
-0.1174062117934227,
-0.2220357209444046,
0.23457591235637665,
0.1185963973402977,
-0.0038865406531840563,
-0.322235107421875,
0.319061279296875,
0.032161712646484375,
-0.1755574494600296,
-0.1508585661649704,
-0.2017161101102829,
0.1941426545381546,
0.22179794311523438,
0.025554656982421875,
0.3435173034667969,
0.018154779449105263,
0.3654073178768158,
0.2646738588809967,
0.307708740234375,
-0.055733997374773026,
-0.3447634279727936,
0.3853759765625,
0.3251953125,
0.10737991333007812,
0.11414051055908203,
0.33913421630859375,
-0.04859669879078865,
0.12148571014404297,
-0.02183246612548828,
0.1145223006606102,
-0.10883235931396484,
-0.502197265625,
0.15204937756061554,
-0.26958975195884705,
-0.22021484375,
0.18513233959674835,
0.2948404848575592,
0.20513026416301727,
0.4300537109375,
0.3039754331111908,
-0.08530426025390625,
0.0071996054612100124,
0.13748423755168915
] |
2067
|
When was Ion Călugăru born?
|
[
{
"docid": "26228889#0",
"text": "Ion Călugăru (; born Ștrul Leiba Croitoru, also known as Buium sin Strul-Leiba Croitoru, B. Croitoru; February 14, 1902 – May 22, 1956) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and critic. As a figure on Romania's modernist scene throughout the early interwar period, he was noted for combining a picturesque perspective on the rural Jewish-Romanian community, to which he belonged, with traditionalist and avant-garde elements. His early works, including the novel \"Copilăria unui netrebnic\" (\"The Childhood of a Ne'er-do-well\"), bring together elements of Social Realism, Surrealism and Expressionism over a conventional narrative line based on oral tradition and the classics of Romanian literature. Călugăru, who moved from the moderate \"Contimporanul\" magazine to the Surrealist platform \"unu\", was also one of the main contributors to \"Integral\", a tribune for avant-garde literature in general. Although publicly known for his socialist convictions and his far left inclinations, he was, through his position at \"Cuvântul\" newspaper, present in the proximity of fascist circles, and had an ambiguous attitude toward his employer, the far right thinker Nae Ionescu.",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "26228889#2",
"text": "A native of Dorohoi \"shtetl\", in the historical region of Moldavia, Ion Călugăru spent his early years in relative cultural isolation among the local Jewish community. This environment, which was later the main focus of his literary work, was described by literary historian Ovid Crohmălniceanu as \"not actually a ghetto life\", but made distinct from other environments for being both Jewish and Moldavian. Researcher Paul Cernat also noted that Călugăru, like his future Surrealist colleague Benjamin Fondane, illustrated the Jewish section of the Romanian avant-garde and its connections with the local Hasidic tradition.",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#27",
"text": "His works for the period include the short story collection \"Am dat ordin să tragă\" (\"I Gave the Order to Fire\", 1947), the plays \"Ion și Salomeia\" (\"Ion and Salomeia\", 1947) and \"Clovnul care gîndește\" (\"The Thinking Clown\", 1949), and the 1951 \"Oțel și pîine\". The latter was based on extended visits into Transylvania region, where, beginning 1948, Călugăru had been sent to cover the erection and inauguration of Hunedoara Steel Foundry. Sponsored in part with money from the Literary Fund of the Writers' Union, \"Oțel și pîine\" earned Călugăru the annual State Prize, granted by the political and cultural leadership of the time to works seen as outstanding in ideological terms. By April 1952, the volume had also been included on a shortlist of recent communist literature, which became required reading for industrial workers at various locations in Romania, and the pretext for politically maneuvered \"enlightenment\" (\"lămurire\") meetings between public and authors.",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#25",
"text": "Călugăru found himself promoted by the new authorities after the August 1944 Coup overthrew Antonescu. On September 1, Călugăru joined Emil Dorian and Ury Benador in creating the Union of Jewish Writers. The inaugural meeting, held in Dorian's residence, was attended and poorly reviewed by Sebastian. His \"Journal\" calls the other participants \"nonentities\", and the gathering \"a mixture of desperate failure, thundering mediocrity, old ambitions and troubles, [...] impudence and ostentation.\"\nShortly afterward, as the PCR gained momentum with Soviet support, Călugăru was one of the ten authors to be instated or reinstated as members of the Romanian Writers' Society as replacements for some banned or fugitive former members who had been deemed pro-fascist. On January 9, 1948, he was made General Secretary of the Writers' Society, and as such second in line to the Society's new President, Zaharia Stancu. In the years after 1944, and especially after the creation of Communist Romania, Ion Călugăru began moving away from his modernist themes, and closer to Socialist Realism, becoming recognized as one of the leading Romanian Socialist Realists. Literary historian Ana Selejan describes him as one of the first Romanian authors of agitprop, and as such a pillar of \"the new literary order.\" His early contributions include a stereotyped novella about communist strike actions, published by \"Contemporanul\" review in December 1947.",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#47",
"text": "In 1952, Călugăru's name was cited by official novelist and critic Petru Dumitriu among those of first-generation Socialist Realists who had not shown themselves to be productive enough, and who had isolated themselves from the proletariat. Before that time, \"Oțel și pîine\" was being recommended as a major accomplishment of the new literary school, in articles by Socialist Realist critics such as Sami Damian or Mihai Novicov. Late in 1951, Dumitriu himself had publicly pledged to follow up on Călugăru's example and write the second-ever Romanian book to deal \"with the basic sector in our economy, heavy industry.\" In 1953, as the Romanian literary scene reoriented itself in accordance with the guidelines suggested by Soviet politico Georgy Malenkov, the same book was officially criticized, on the behalf of the Romanian Writers' Union, by author Eugen Frunză. Frunză's official report, formed around Malenkov's theories about literary types and naturalness in Socialist Realist literature, argued: \"The reader of Ion Călugăru's book \"Oțel și pîine\" was for sure able to note that the author is able to individualize certain negative characters. In contrast, the reader will encounter in the same book some six Central Committee activists, who are nothing other than diagrams, not in any way distinguished one from the other\". Similar criticism had been voiced a year earlier by communist politician and literary chronicler George Macovescu, in reference to Călugăru's contributions in the reportage genre, particularly his initial piece on the Hunedoara Steel Foundry. In Macovescu's opinion, the text \"is not a reportage, but an article not yet woven, or a fragment from a report not so well researched.\"",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#23",
"text": "Ion Călugăru survived World War II and the antisemitic Ion Antonescu regime, reportedly shielded from reprisals by his friend, the influential novelist Liviu Rebreanu (otherwise known for his far right sympathies). However, the Antonescu government included his name on a list of banned Jewish authors, which was circulated throughout the country. Sebastian, himself marginalized for his ethnic origins, recorded in his \"Journal\" entry for June 19, 1941 a chance encounter with his former colleague. The fragment presents Călugăru as \"the same small, nervous, confused, hysterical, obsessed man from \"Cuvântul\"\", who \"speaks terribly fast, without even looking to see whether you are listening or not.\" The \"Journal\" mentions Călugăru's wartime literary projects: \"He has written a play about John the Baptist, and another one about Charlie Chaplin for both theatre and cinema, using a new technical formula. He has also written a book of poems in Yiddish.\"",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#28",
"text": "Ion Călugăru died in Bucharest only four years later, on May 22, 1956. His unpublished novellas and sketch stories were collected by his former \"unu\" colleague Sașa Pană, who released them under the title \"Casa șoarecilor\" (\"House of Mice\", 1958).",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#1",
"text": "Shortly before the establishment of Romania's communist regime, Călugăru embraced Socialist Realism and became and made official his relationship with the ruling Romanian Communist Party. During this final period of his career, he wrote the controversial novel \"Oțel și pîine\" (\"Steel and Bread\"), an epic of industrialization, widely seen as one of the most representative samples of politicized literature to have seen print in 1950s Romania. Despite his formal affiliation to Marxism-Leninism, Călugăru had doubts about the new political realities and commented with sarcasm on the regime's self-contradictions. These opinions were expressed in his private diaries, which became the subject of research and public scrutiny some fifty years after his death.",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#8",
"text": "Shortly after this period, Călugăru became one of the contributors to Ion Vinea's modernist magazine \"Contimporanul\". Later that decade however, he parted with this group and began working with the original representatives of Romanian Surrealism, contributing his works to publications such as \"Integral\" (which he helped establish) and \"unu\". He was also a member of \"Integral\"s editorial staff, alongside writers Brunea-Fox and Voronca, with artist M. H. Maxy as administrative director. In doing so, he broke with Vinea's moderation, eclecticism and political ambiguity to side with what was the more radical and most explicitly left-wing tendency among young writers. In 1932 however, Călugăru was, with poet N. Davidescu, novelist Sergiu Dan, journalists Nicolae Carandino and Henric Streitman, and writer-director Sandu Eliad, a member of the editorial staff for Vinea's daily \"Facla\".",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
},
{
"docid": "26228889#46",
"text": "The author's participation in Socialist Realism nevertheless came with a measure of conflict between Călugăru and other members of the new literary establishment. In the late 1940s, the writer kept a private diary, which documents his trips to Hunedoara and shows his skepticism about some aspects of communist politics. Documenting the dire social conditions of this time, Călugăru's text includes detail on such aspects as the conspiratorial infiltration of Social Democratic opposition centers by PCR operatives, the party's close surveillance of factory workers, and Călugăru's own questions about \"labels\" such as the regime's self-designation as a \"dictatorship of the proletariat\" or about the show trials of \"saboteurs\". The author also confesses his dislike for hypocrisy in official discourse and the press, commenting on the \"girlish sincerity\" of dispatches from the Soviet Union, the PCR's tiny membership in 1944, on the \"voluntary work\" demanded by communist leaders and its transformation into a \"\"corvée\"\", and on intellectuals \"who say something other than what they think.\" Later notes further record the decline of his enthusiasm. Expressing fears that he was being tricked by more senior communists, Călugăru accused his \"Scînteia\" colleagues (Silviu Brucan, Traian Șelmaru, Sorin Toma) of not publishing his contributions so that they could later attack him for a displaying lack of motivation. The jaded author came to express a private wish of blocking out the world of politics and dedicating his entire energy to the creative process.",
"title": "Ion Călugăru"
}
] |
[
-0.2859996557235718,
0.15726540982723236,
0.05808258056640625,
0.4365678131580353,
-0.11548233032226562,
0.09735384583473206,
0.3990478515625,
-0.3828790783882141,
0.38722923398017883,
0.24483142793178558,
0.1504572033882141,
-0.33524391055107117,
-0.39760521054267883,
0.10205301642417908,
-0.3945756256580353,
0.05949512496590614,
0.1542351394891739,
-0.8428178429603577,
-0.684326171875,
-0.181549072265625,
0.3070179224014282,
0.32626065611839294,
-0.16600799560546875,
0.09625590592622757,
-0.17524303495883942,
-0.3396162688732147,
0.07268688827753067,
0.4613147974014282,
-0.20182938873767853,
0.6648615002632141,
0.1824841946363449,
0.00365135888569057,
-0.09064067155122757,
0.4150501489639282,
-0.3565562963485718,
0.2588334381580353,
-0.0877276360988617,
-0.3447931408882141,
0.2654668688774109,
-0.06581254303455353,
-0.10202303528785706,
0.07226701080799103,
0.3663440942764282,
-0.1924535632133484,
-0.031598176807165146,
0.18811902403831482,
0.634521484375,
0.17064596712589264,
-0.32160255312919617,
0.5735584497451782,
-0.4249822497367859,
0.2418268322944641,
-0.06068281829357147,
0.16801868379116058,
-0.662841796875,
0.4951366186141968,
-0.1805419921875,
0.5184659361839294,
-0.0049542514607310295,
-0.01221188623458147,
0.018686814233660698,
-0.23886385560035706,
-0.30941495299339294,
-0.06288275122642517,
-0.05199432373046875,
0.04848688468337059,
-0.3714155852794647,
0.17903830111026764,
0.2744140625,
0.4775390625,
-0.08837474137544632,
-0.016994129866361618,
0.4469771087169647,
0.21595348417758942,
0.41103294491767883,
-0.21620593965053558,
0.18690629303455353,
0.15943549573421478,
0.13798938691616058,
-0.6923828125,
0.6502796411514282,
0.3118452727794647,
-0.14843472838401794,
-0.16265730559825897,
-0.02962181717157364,
0.5712224841117859,
0.13701143860816956,
0.14939741790294647,
0.20939497649669647,
0.3220991790294647,
0.035056374967098236,
-0.21759033203125,
-0.447509765625,
-0.3512406647205353,
0.07108099013566971,
-0.3044600188732147,
0.12443282455205917,
-0.2502274811267853,
0.17843905091285706,
-0.6535422801971436,
0.04976099357008934,
-0.34049293398857117,
-0.09869003295898438,
0.31911954283714294,
0.6119273900985718,
-0.5538219213485718,
0.2783646881580353,
-0.016246844083070755,
0.08143355697393417,
0.45261451601982117,
0.15046240389347076,
-0.26504793763160706,
-0.4029291272163391,
-0.21124544739723206,
0.012126228772103786,
0.03195970878005028,
0.17918309569358826,
0.08798611909151077,
0.06232244148850441,
-0.3032739758491516,
0.43361595273017883,
0.4160045385360718,
-0.16017566621303558,
0.2573103606700897,
-0.6021173596382141,
-0.004364013671875,
0.46067115664482117,
-0.021636962890625,
0.6296608448028564,
0.1029864251613617,
0.2996271252632141,
0.11792130768299103,
0.5201749205589294,
0.5742631554603577,
0.6021395325660706,
0.27890291810035706,
0.07971607893705368,
0.06702318787574768,
-0.0007601651013828814,
-0.37197044491767883,
-0.5150118470191956,
-0.5007213354110718,
-0.01755731739103794,
0.41714754700660706,
0.231964111328125,
0.19743208587169647,
0.452392578125,
0.3933660387992859,
0.31150123476982117,
0.42228004336357117,
0.005315607413649559,
-0.010151255875825882,
0.06746327131986618,
0.3110406994819641,
-0.26101961731910706,
0.28147611021995544,
0.3883001208305359,
-0.3054310083389282,
-0.09065940231084824,
0.13383899629116058,
0.8195134997367859,
0.4014115631580353,
0.2166997790336609,
-0.18255615234375,
0.09830821305513382,
0.2817632555961609,
-0.12528257071971893,
0.35721102356910706,
0.3813365697860718,
-0.3280695080757141,
-0.20195423066616058,
0.2488611340522766,
0.15377669036388397,
0.03794999420642853,
0.3892267346382141,
0.07363822311162949,
-0.4029839336872101,
0.17242431640625,
0.31430885195732117,
0.010510184802114964,
-0.0373687744140625,
0.16051968932151794,
-0.043857574462890625,
0.07155678421258926,
0.5555530786514282,
0.22078357636928558,
-0.32291480898857117,
-0.18332742154598236,
-0.22829367220401764,
0.1694585680961609,
0.2170860916376114,
-0.5554559826850891,
0.880126953125,
-0.17891623079776764,
0.12999100983142853,
-0.19881118834018707,
-0.16526101529598236,
0.16486428678035736,
0.16403545439243317,
0.17441628873348236,
0.35013094544410706,
0.013033086434006691,
-0.49374112486839294,
0.2673894762992859,
0.3666326403617859,
-0.3855646252632141,
0.4735218286514282,
0.11287342756986618,
-0.12638022005558014,
0.38736239075660706,
-0.2077185958623886,
0.042353544384241104,
0.3911909759044647,
0.5650856494903564,
0.23461151123046875,
0.30733975768089294,
0.06949441879987717,
-0.6376731395721436,
0.5331032276153564,
-0.13762803375720978,
-0.4805353283882141,
0.42356178164482117,
-0.09405517578125,
0.005394675303250551,
-0.216094970703125,
-0.23848100006580353,
0.015923239290714264,
-0.014804059639573097,
0.09892134368419647,
0.2594771087169647,
0.40451881289482117,
-0.19053997099399567,
-0.0385870486497879,
0.09110606461763382,
0.04550725594162941,
0.6038041710853577,
0.5475408434867859,
-0.09806268662214279,
0.07196599990129471,
0.14335666596889496,
0.4583185315132141,
-0.030027735978364944,
-0.2847400903701782,
0.32784757018089294,
0.6651722192764282,
-0.041026029735803604,
0.2882080078125,
0.3188365697860718,
-0.1736699938774109,
-0.04107804596424103,
-0.09609708189964294,
0.03594416007399559,
0.02408495731651783,
-0.11435491591691971,
-0.3939763903617859,
0.08715265244245529,
-0.3235973119735718,
-0.2503467798233032,
0.45213282108306885,
0.022390885278582573,
0.516845703125,
0.3572831451892853,
0.3020574450492859,
0.5017755627632141,
-0.1314031481742859,
-0.1497955322265625,
0.1637170910835266,
0.47110262513160706,
-0.10605413466691971,
0.2019708752632141,
0.5344460010528564,
0.04898279532790184,
0.19991788268089294,
0.06982976943254471,
-0.06073552742600441,
-0.2720128893852234,
-0.013659217394888401,
0.614990234375,
-0.00003398548506083898,
0.5173062682151794,
0.15708784759044647,
-0.1506798416376114,
-0.270751953125,
0.12287764251232147,
0.6052467823028564,
0.12464072555303574,
-0.025851856917142868,
-0.12097445130348206,
-0.037917397916316986,
0.10597367584705353,
0.19911332428455353,
0.2873091399669647,
0.3521617650985718,
-0.5073353052139282,
-0.05507868155837059,
0.12145788222551346,
0.12622486054897308,
0.20084033906459808,
0.2389470934867859,
0.1883600354194641,
0.17825040221214294,
-0.3413862884044647,
0.2392876297235489,
1.2132457494735718,
0.05310717597603798,
-0.05930189788341522,
-0.20300015807151794,
0.10240762680768967,
0.02006738819181919,
0.4285999536514282,
0.06623801589012146,
-0.3557683825492859,
0.1483209729194641,
0.5636097192764282,
0.20818258821964264,
0.6408025622367859,
0.4876265227794647,
0.2974076569080353,
0.3978715240955353,
-0.10756614059209824,
0.03300337493419647,
-0.4297984838485718,
-0.32815828919410706,
-0.24090576171875,
0.32436302304267883,
-0.8151189684867859,
-0.08646809309720993,
-0.697265625,
0.46150901913642883,
0.30135831236839294,
0.6660822033882141,
0.12640415132045746,
-0.11408025771379471,
-0.0014884255360811949,
0.06213032081723213,
0.1447809338569641,
0.1716669201850891,
0.9567205309867859,
-0.3314680755138397,
-0.17291675508022308,
0.4905228912830353,
-0.11844565719366074,
-0.5632768273353577,
0.2542280852794647,
0.29105862975120544,
0.06253970414400101,
0.5462202429771423,
0.42234107851982117,
0.2540990710258484,
-0.09511358290910721,
0.022414468228816986,
0.05897938087582588,
0.008672541007399559,
0.011951792985200882,
0.01138583105057478,
0.4505060315132141,
0.20644205808639526,
0.5294966101646423,
0.4663529694080353,
-0.17594493925571442,
0.12272297590970993,
-0.018959738314151764,
0.436767578125,
0.7065651416778564,
0.3892045319080353,
0.4506946802139282,
-0.08942153304815292,
0.18881502747535706,
-0.3410186767578125,
0.021401839330792427,
-0.01651555858552456,
0.21002058684825897,
0.21678023040294647,
0.5418146252632141,
-0.38720703125,
0.03246515616774559,
0.13704611361026764,
0.6038929224014282,
0.2611541748046875,
0.16655384004116058,
0.14905478060245514,
0.5055930614471436,
0.112335205078125,
-0.20576892793178558,
-0.15193696320056915,
-0.056673917919397354,
-0.0792974978685379,
-0.0738019049167633,
0.028829531744122505,
-0.1951751708984375,
0.54248046875,
-0.1443767547607422,
0.2380884289741516,
-0.4554332494735718,
-0.17127574980258942,
-0.006773688364773989,
-0.12488000839948654,
0.09254594147205353,
0.32790306210517883,
0.05441908538341522,
-0.20769570767879486,
0.6343660950660706,
0.1900079846382141,
0.3322698473930359,
4.162997245788574,
-0.08428400009870529,
0.4059947729110718,
0.06863958388566971,
-0.16435518860816956,
0.13811007142066956,
0.2683233916759491,
-0.21175765991210938,
-0.058951638638973236,
-0.11674118041992188,
-0.07803136855363846,
0.3034612536430359,
0.27669456601142883,
0.054903898388147354,
0.09575583785772324,
0.1758977770805359,
0.53271484375,
0.22122053802013397,
0.1572820544242859,
0.3893599212169647,
-0.14952780306339264,
0.7071422338485718,
0.06086939200758934,
0.7617853283882141,
0.042938925325870514,
0.06768452376127243,
0.44637367129325867,
0.02863103710114956,
-0.10286504775285721,
0.10620325058698654,
0.47072532773017883,
-0.08299949020147324,
0.36246559023857117,
0.039289649575948715,
-0.5414928197860718,
0.5185990929603577,
0.27620628476142883,
0.5557084679603577,
-0.09250987321138382,
-0.14221468567848206,
-0.17461048066616058,
-0.04914439842104912,
0.3413751721382141,
0.40365323424339294,
0.15003551542758942,
-0.4347700774669647,
-0.15250466763973236,
0.37473365664482117,
-0.2233331799507141,
0.1480712890625,
-0.10866720229387283,
-0.6004083752632141,
-0.1303052008152008,
-0.035226475447416306,
-0.15708230435848236,
0.5896661877632141,
0.05205744132399559,
0.4996892809867859,
0.07908491790294647,
-0.019446980208158493,
0.26462069153785706,
0.15424971282482147,
0.15722933411598206,
-0.40560635924339294,
-0.5508478283882141,
0.05428348854184151,
-0.09447409957647324,
-0.011488481424748898,
0.18201793730258942,
0.08461415022611618,
0.13464078307151794,
0.25174227356910706,
-0.14124368131160736,
-0.03608304634690285,
0.21354536712169647,
-0.0052004726603627205,
-0.40415260195732117,
0.26899024844169617,
0.09651391953229904,
-0.017589222639799118,
0.8152742981910706,
-0.02626323699951172,
0.1545465588569641,
0.4556884765625,
0.1917364001274109,
0.5541104674339294,
0.19348560273647308,
-0.22271451354026794,
0.24935635924339294,
-0.2314453125,
0.4110662341117859,
0.19628022611141205,
0.14717794954776764,
0.5079456567764282,
0.14964710175991058,
-0.04075483977794647,
-0.4278009533882141,
-3.8849432468414307,
0.4639337658882141,
0.344482421875,
-0.3362926244735718,
0.07056773453950882,
0.07450797408819199,
0.04736189544200897,
0.3487992584705353,
-0.2697198987007141,
0.31954678893089294,
0.3292180895805359,
0.28890159726142883,
-0.6455078125,
0.5316106677055359,
0.12583021819591522,
-0.2083490490913391,
-0.1212921142578125,
0.11214932799339294,
0.21322908997535706,
-0.6223366260528564,
0.11449501663446426,
-0.2805924713611603,
0.4581409692764282,
0.1158294677734375,
0.24148541688919067,
-0.24578857421875,
0.17476584017276764,
0.055150117725133896,
0.4209483861923218,
-0.00934323389083147,
-0.3598521947860718,
-0.19540856778621674,
0.9458451867103577,
-0.09377913177013397,
0.29885032773017883,
0.4940962493419647,
-0.13128939270973206,
0.4608709216117859,
0.4591619372367859,
0.0991601049900055,
-0.4059614837169647,
-0.22213536500930786,
0.19417501986026764,
-0.2115478515625,
-0.23673872649669647,
0.5310447216033936,
-0.2434636950492859,
0.11370849609375,
-0.09660997986793518,
-0.12819914519786835,
0.5223721861839294,
0.3140425384044647,
-0.16463400423526764,
0.057158730924129486,
0.5120294690132141,
-0.21621426939964294,
-0.15292635560035706,
-0.23006248474121094,
0.21858631074428558,
0.5917302966117859,
0.2797962427139282,
-0.2216796875,
0.31341275572776794,
0.09512051939964294,
-0.38922119140625,
-0.07862298935651779,
0.22322221100330353,
0.14634288847446442,
0.27627286314964294,
-0.9070268273353577,
-0.013871625997126102,
0.25925514101982117,
-0.0923614501953125,
-0.4746870696544647,
0.2630670666694641,
0.5079456567764282,
-0.12850674986839294,
-0.3001708984375,
0.5132279992103577,
-0.04955989494919777,
-0.4026988744735718,
-0.0006615031743422151,
-0.27549049258232117,
0.17819491028785706,
2.34375,
0.4640003442764282,
2.0397727489471436,
0.5526233911514282,
0.23035778105258942,
0.5990434288978577,
0.047827981412410736,
0.06263459473848343,
0.3893377184867859,
-0.0882672369480133,
0.26271751523017883,
0.29721346497535706,
0.016682537272572517,
0.3178156018257141,
0.37290260195732117,
-0.3118230700492859,
0.18250760436058044,
-0.9931862354278564,
0.39437589049339294,
-0.28067293763160706,
0.2561478912830353,
-0.046633634716272354,
-0.5072354674339294,
-0.14600996673107147,
0.28329744935035706,
-0.11332979798316956,
0.11199812591075897,
0.37457275390625,
-0.016340775415301323,
-0.3481889069080353,
-0.26377174258232117,
0.3462538421154022,
0.18667325377464294,
0.017202896997332573,
-0.0756555050611496,
0.13637195527553558,
-0.3340509533882141,
4.520951747894287,
-0.3583845794200897,
-0.5158247351646423,
0.08385121077299118,
0.15316694974899292,
0.21958784759044647,
0.5662730932235718,
-0.0009113658452406526,
-0.06590687483549118,
0.2856389880180359,
0.8291459679603577,
0.7994939684867859,
-0.12535753846168518,
-0.330078125,
-0.03574848175048828,
0.3681474030017853,
0.0451812744140625,
0.21766246855258942,
0.06550944596529007,
-0.12915697693824768,
-0.06552089005708694,
0.01198300439864397,
0.3872514069080353,
-0.3946533203125,
-0.3183038830757141,
-0.20287808775901794,
0.12812666594982147,
-0.20154882967472076,
-0.11767890304327011,
-0.020889628678560257,
0.4050792455673218,
5.4992899894714355,
0.0594610720872879,
-0.05334721878170967,
-0.00953396875411272,
-0.14830709993839264,
0.07935679703950882,
-0.2511430084705353,
0.27096280455589294,
-0.029534079134464264,
-0.26230689883232117,
0.0316912904381752,
0.1509149670600891,
-0.21775679290294647,
0.6837823987007141,
0.020088888704776764,
0.0720624029636383,
-0.5812766551971436,
0.3404651880264282,
0.37185946106910706,
-0.1555120348930359,
0.2799238860607147,
0.0011263760970905423,
0.2897394299507141,
-0.4416393041610718,
-0.6326238512992859,
0.26938697695732117,
0.08097562193870544,
0.030367763713002205,
0.16675497591495514,
-0.2198846936225891,
0.2687322497367859,
0.18096646666526794,
0.19792591035366058,
0.130560964345932,
-0.28029564023017883,
0.5253351330757141,
0.15413179993629456,
0.2598433196544647,
0.4881480932235718,
-0.33120450377464294,
0.15687699615955353,
0.18445934355258942,
-0.011193708516657352,
-0.062497224658727646,
-0.10698630660772324,
0.2265985608100891,
0.13888844847679138,
-0.094024658203125,
-0.3389337658882141,
0.10395786911249161,
0.5547429919242859,
0.0028936213348060846,
0.6721746325492859,
0.3158624768257141,
0.12673257291316986,
0.4538130462169647,
-0.18526805937290192,
-0.3666437268257141,
-0.05047642067074776,
-0.0053204623982310295,
0.7615633606910706,
-0.08235445618629456,
-0.008823741227388382,
-0.10094105452299118,
0.47702857851982117,
0.3710493743419647,
0.0703125,
-0.06763839721679688,
0.7090287804603577,
-0.46482154726982117,
0.22358010709285736,
0.3076726794242859,
0.013376062735915184,
0.29941073060035706,
0.3492320775985718,
-0.5555530786514282,
-0.08919733017683029,
-0.30411043763160706,
0.16010908782482147,
0.2730269134044647,
-0.16399313509464264,
-0.31508567929267883,
-0.17712679505348206,
-0.32528409361839294,
0.0023755161091685295,
0.4021439850330353,
-0.27620628476142883,
0.172149658203125,
0.25368431210517883,
0.32315340638160706,
0.7293590307235718,
0.43472567200660706,
-0.2093256115913391,
0.4792924225330353,
0.027807235717773438,
-0.001213160459883511,
0.4822887182235718,
0.17210803925991058,
-0.5033069849014282,
0.21797873079776764,
-0.07343153655529022,
0.12560896575450897,
-0.3404651880264282,
-0.15203580260276794,
0.28963956236839294,
-0.23901644349098206,
0.08046098053455353,
0.15244588255882263,
0.103240966796875,
0.13865002989768982,
0.2917425036430359,
0.5001747608184814,
-0.10979652404785156,
-0.06243896484375,
-0.10223388671875
] |
2068
|
When were ghettos first established?
|
[
{
"docid": "57330066#0",
"text": "Brzesko Ghetto was a Nazi ghetto during World War II in occupied Poland. The ghetto was created by the Germans in 1940 in the Polish town of Brzesko located in the Kraków District about 40 miles from Kraków. Brzesko was originally occupied in 1939. The ghetto was open when it was first created, meaning there were no barriers preventing people from leaving, but Jews were not able to leave. The ghetto was only marked using signage at this time. In 1942 walls were put up and the ghetto became a closed ghetto which physically prevented people from escaping. An estimated 4,000 Jewish people lived within the Brzesko ghetto when it was first established, but another 2,000 moved there by 1942, many arriving from Kraków and the surrounding area. The Jewish people living within Brzesko were sent to the Bełżec extermination camp and Auschwitz extermination camp. After the exterminations, the camp was closed in 1943.",
"title": "Brzesko Ghetto"
},
{
"docid": "4169830#2",
"text": "The first ghetto of World War II was established on 8 October 1939 at Piotrków Trybunalski (38 days after the invasion), with the Tuliszków ghetto established in December 1939. The first large metropolitan ghetto known as the Łódź Ghetto (\"Litzmannstadt\") followed them in April 1940, and the Warsaw Ghetto in October. Most Jewish ghettos were established in 1940 and 1941. Subsequently, many ghettos were sealed from the outside, walled off with brickwork, or enclosed with barbed wire. In the case of sealed ghettos, any Jew found leaving there could be shot. The Warsaw Ghetto, located in the heart of the city, was the largest ghetto in Nazi occupied Europe, with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of . The Łódź Ghetto was the second largest, holding about 160,000 people. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum archives, there were at least 1,000 such ghettos in German-occupied and annexed Poland and the Soviet Union alone.",
"title": "Nazi ghettos"
},
{
"docid": "461582#30",
"text": "Inside occupied Poland, the Germans created hundreds of ghettos in which they forced Jews to live. These World War II ghettos were part of the German official policy of removing Jews from public life. The combination of excess numbers of inmates, unsanitary conditions and lack of food resulted in a high death rate among them. The first ghetto was established in October 1939 at Piotrków. Initially the ghettos were open but on 1 May the Łódź ghetto was closed by Germans sealing the Jews inside. The Warsaw Ghetto was closed in November 1940. The Germans started a reservation for Jews near Lublin.",
"title": "War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II"
},
{
"docid": "56813776#7",
"text": "The next stage of the anti-Semitic policy of the occupier was ghettoisation of the Jewish population, officially justified by economic, sanitary or political reasons. As an excuse to isolate Jews in closed districts, among other things, Germans used the \"Easter pogrom\" of March 1940, arranged from German inspiration by Polish extreme nationalists. The first Jewish ghetto was established in October 1939 in Piotrków Trybunalski. Over the next few months several more ghettos were created in the General Government and Warta Country, including the ghetto in Łódź (February 1940). Beginning in September 1940, the ghettoisation process became more organized. In October of this same year, it was decided to establish a \"Jewish quarter in Warsaw\". In March 1941 the ghettos in Kraków and Lublin were established. The process of ghettoisation in the Radom district of the General Government was rather at the latest in December 1941. After the outbreak of the German-Soviet War, the organizing of ghettos on Polish lands previously annexed by the USSR took place. The creation of closed Jewish communities was accompanied by a progressive reduction in the number of smaller ghettos. The concentration and isolation of the Jewish population was also to be served by an unrealized project of creating a great \"reservation\" for Jews in the Lublin region.",
"title": "German retribution against Poles who helped Jews"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1777303#4",
"text": "The following year, on 3 March 1941, the establishment of the Kraków Ghetto was ordered by Otto Wächter. The ghetto was to be set up in the Podgórze District of Kraków. Podgórze was chosen as the site of the ghetto instead of the traditional Jewish quarter, Kazimierz, because Hans Frank believed Kazimierz was more significant to the history of Kraków. Podgórze was a suburb of Kraków at the time. Wächter claimed that formation of the ghetto was necessary for public health and order. The Kraków ghetto was officially established on 20 March 1941. When relocating to the ghetto, Jews were only allowed to bring 25 kg of their belongings. The rest of their possessions were taken by the German Trust Office (Treuhandstelle). All non-Jewish residents of the area were required to relocate in other districts by 20 March 1941.",
"title": "Kraków Ghetto"
},
{
"docid": "1937569#1",
"text": "In November 1940, during the Nazi Occupation of Poland, German authorities established a Jewish ghetto in Grójec, in order to confine its Jewish population for the purpose of persecution and exploitation. The ghetto was liquidated in February 1941, when almost all of its inhabitants (5,200–6,000) were transported in cattle trucks to Warsaw Ghetto, the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of . From there, most inmates were sent to Treblinka extermination camp. Only a group of Jewish craftsmen was left in Grójec, however, they were also annihilated in a mass execution in Dębówka, near Góra Kalwaria.",
"title": "Grójec"
},
{
"docid": "22655601#28",
"text": "In June 1942, when the Liepāja ghetto was established, there were only about 814 surviving Jews. The ghetto itself consisted of only 11 houses on four streets. Until the ghetto was closed in October 1943, the inhabitants were used as a pool of forced labor for the occupying authorities. During that time 102 people died and 54 were executed. The ghetto guards were Latvians wearing black uniforms. Conditions were harsh and food was short. On October 8, 1943, Yom Kippur, the survivors of the Liepāja ghetto were loaded into cattle cars and shipped to Riga and the ghetto was closed. Only three Jews, who were barely alive, were left behind, two shoemakers and one goldsmith.",
"title": "Liepāja massacres"
},
{
"docid": "23354805#3",
"text": "At the time of its founding, the ghetto imprisoned 34,000 Polish Jews, and an unknown number of Roma people. Virtually all of them were dead by the war's end. Most of the victims, about 30,000 were deported to the Belzec extermination camp (some of them through the Piaski ghetto) between 17 March and 11 April 1942 by the Reserve Police Battalion 101 from Orpo helped by \"Schutzpolizei\". The Germans set a daily quota of 1,400 inmates to be deported to their deaths. The other 4,000 people were first moved to the Majdan Tatarski ghetto – a small ghetto established in the suburb of Lublin – and then either killed there during roundups or sent to the nearby KL Lublin/Majdanek concentration camp. \nThe last of the Ghetto's former residents still in German captivity were executed at Majdanek and Trawniki camps in the Operation Harvest Festival (German: \"Aktion Erntefest\") on 3 November 1943. At the time of the liquidation of the ghetto, the German propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary, \"The procedure is pretty barbaric, and not to be described here more definitely. Not much will remain of the Jews.\"",
"title": "Lublin Ghetto"
},
{
"docid": "3401964#17",
"text": "From the establishment of the ghetto until January 1942, task groups of German and Lithuanian \"Einsatzgruppen\" regularly carried out the surprise operations called \"Aktionen\", often on Jewish holidays. The ghetto residents were rounded up and deported, usually for subsequent executions. In the \"Aktion\" on Yom Kippur of 1 October 1942, the Germans ordered the Judenrat to lead the arrests; residents found by the Jewish police lacking work permits were arrested and transferred to German custody. The same month the Germans liquidated the Small Ghetto, where they had relocated \"unproductive\" individuals (i.e., who were old, ill, or otherwise considered unfit for labour); most of the prisoners were taken to Ponary and shot. About 20,000 Jews, including 8,000 without papers, remained in the Large Ghetto. The period between January 1942 and March 1943 was known as the time of ghetto \"stabilization\"; the \"Aktionen\" ceased and some semblance of normal life resumed. The quiet period continued until 6 August, when the Germans commenced the deportation of 7,130 Jews to Estonia on the order of Heinrich Himmler; this was finished on 5 September. On 23–24 September 1943 the ghetto was liquidated under the command of \"Oberscharführer\" Bruno Kittel; the majority of the remaining residents were sent to the Vaivara concentration camp in Estonia, killed in the forest of Paneriai, or sent to the death camps in German-occupied Poland.",
"title": "Vilna Ghetto"
},
{
"docid": "57330066#2",
"text": "German Gendarmerie from Brzesko murdered Jews from Brzesko and region and ethnic Poles.\nWhen the ghetto was first created in 1940 it was an open ghetto. It was marked by signs, but had no barriers to keep the Jewish people inside the town. The Jews were not allowed to leave and any movement in or out of the city was monitored. Having the ghetto opened allowed for smuggling of food in by nearby Aryan community. After it was closed, this responsibility fell on the Jewish Police. This section of Jewish Police was led by Diestler. Trades between the Jewish residents and the Jewish Police occurred at night. The Jewish people living in the ghetto were also low on winter apparel and supplies because the German Troops took it in preparation for the invasion of Russia. In 1941 the open ghetto became a closed ghetto when a fence surrounded the town. Overpopulation became a problem when the ghetto was fenced off. The camp had about ten people per window which decreased sanitation throughout the camp. This led to an outbreak of typhoid. Typhoid was one of the major causes of death within the ghetto along with starvation. One of the doctors helping those with Typhoid fever was Maurycy Gross. Even with the outbreak of typhoid. the main source of death within the ghetto was the German forces. When a Jew was shot by someone in the Nazi party, they would force other Jews within the community to sign a document stating they died from natural causes. In addition, the Jews had to pay for any ammunition used to shoot other Jewish people within Brzesko. During the year of 1942, three Aktions took place within the Brzesko Ghetto. These killed about 300 Jews total and were conducted by the Order Police which included people such as Lapsch, Wagner, and Mikler. In 1943 about 2,000 Jewish people were sent to the Belzec death camp, about 150 miles from Brzesko. Another 4,000 Jewish people were sent to the Auschwitz death camp that same year. In order to accomplish the deportation, all the Jews living in Brzesko were gathered in the square of the town. Throughout the process of deportation to the death camps, any citizens considered too weak to travel were shot in the town square. This could be due to illness, age, or injury. Those left behind after the deportation were sent to Tarnów or killed. Kirkut cemetery was the site of many executions from the Brzesko Ghetto. The cemetery still contains the graves of those who died during WWII. There is now a monument in place to mark the mass grave of the Jews that died in Brzesko.",
"title": "Brzesko Ghetto"
}
] |
[
0.3704833984375,
0.0569525808095932,
-0.2320929616689682,
0.1169162318110466,
0.0203730259090662,
-0.1931423544883728,
0.5670030117034912,
-0.3057929277420044,
0.0915289968252182,
0.6321614384651184,
-0.3091057538986206,
-0.36279296875,
-0.4152289628982544,
0.2546047568321228,
-0.2942301332950592,
0.1379937082529068,
0.5059407353401184,
-0.16086196899414062,
-0.1689588725566864,
0.2443372905254364,
0.1916707307100296,
0.2408176064491272,
-0.0937974750995636,
-0.031028322875499725,
0.2681884765625,
0.0421210378408432,
-0.31640625,
0.2410074919462204,
0.4167209267616272,
0.2139824777841568,
0.1961195170879364,
-0.4286838173866272,
0.0596754290163517,
0.4097222089767456,
-0.24614545702934265,
0.1901923269033432,
0.1674058735370636,
-0.02102152444422245,
-0.0753631591796875,
0.3962537944316864,
-0.1874593049287796,
-0.1945156455039978,
0.7382270097732544,
-0.1163160502910614,
0.4234483540058136,
-0.0895860493183136,
0.1869354248046875,
-0.2088690847158432,
-0.2998250424861908,
0.5016818642616272,
-0.4595268964767456,
-0.0615573450922966,
-0.012142605148255825,
0.1944240927696228,
-0.4637315571308136,
0.5634765625,
0.04830169677734375,
0.4714084267616272,
-0.0660942941904068,
-0.0271487757563591,
0.2742106020450592,
0.2464328408241272,
-0.1158616840839386,
0.0520443394780159,
0.5919596552848816,
0.1908094584941864,
-0.00465350691229105,
0.3369140625,
-0.019998550415039062,
-0.1530829519033432,
-0.00431060791015625,
0.2630072832107544,
0.4163682758808136,
-0.2258707731962204,
-0.1764390766620636,
-0.340087890625,
-0.2977701723575592,
0.093017578125,
0.0021837023086845875,
-0.4887559711933136,
0.5238986611366272,
-0.1308831125497818,
-0.2406751811504364,
0.6587998867034912,
-0.1411810964345932,
0.4064127504825592,
-0.06760130822658539,
0.3129814863204956,
0.3371175229549408,
0.6656358242034912,
0.01718987338244915,
-0.1856282502412796,
-0.1105634868144989,
-0.0074259438551962376,
0.5380045771598816,
0.371337890625,
0.2074042409658432,
-0.4896647036075592,
0.1596883088350296,
-0.2807752788066864,
0.1866590678691864,
-0.09236558526754379,
-0.058585431426763535,
0.4666069746017456,
0.2184787392616272,
-0.3797743022441864,
-0.2379150390625,
-0.032348208129405975,
0.1056077778339386,
0.3670518696308136,
0.3387112021446228,
-0.2908935546875,
-0.1738959401845932,
-0.0930107980966568,
0.1502482146024704,
0.1638929545879364,
0.4938761293888092,
0.0223532784730196,
-0.2876485288143158,
-0.7282172441482544,
0.3357475996017456,
0.2832302451133728,
-0.1997002512216568,
-0.224945068359375,
0.1888207346200943,
-0.1283959299325943,
0.4797905683517456,
-0.3533528745174408,
0.7090928554534912,
0.4129503071308136,
0.0710788294672966,
0.1773173063993454,
0.45031654834747314,
0.7006293535232544,
-0.05111493170261383,
0.1064656600356102,
0.0042173597030341625,
0.006754981353878975,
0.08214399218559265,
-0.3258802592754364,
-0.2193671315908432,
0.3124186098575592,
-0.1369544118642807,
0.5633137822151184,
-0.3044704794883728,
0.2712944746017456,
0.1130862757563591,
-0.0920647531747818,
0.18810611963272095,
0.3315158486366272,
0.3094550371170044,
0.044974327087402344,
-0.2389119416475296,
0.3853895366191864,
-0.0740526020526886,
0.2724744975566864,
-0.09276241809129715,
0.1773003488779068,
0.03906228765845299,
-0.0293121337890625,
0.7280815839767456,
0.3278944194316864,
0.4228244423866272,
0.2012261301279068,
-0.1569112092256546,
-0.199462890625,
-0.3354153037071228,
0.4425455629825592,
0.4668782651424408,
-0.4458821713924408,
-0.3703070878982544,
0.01801215298473835,
0.2531331479549408,
-0.1935628205537796,
0.3239474892616272,
-0.1075032576918602,
-0.1971164345741272,
-0.0684271901845932,
0.3026682436466217,
-0.4800075888633728,
0.0634053573012352,
0.0575798898935318,
-0.086639404296875,
0.03854624554514885,
0.5569118857383728,
0.1562025249004364,
-0.1808132529258728,
0.11540709435939789,
-0.1034206822514534,
-0.1971096396446228,
0.0490061454474926,
-0.0641445592045784,
0.5501301884651184,
-0.3511148989200592,
0.0861002579331398,
-0.5453559160232544,
-0.2976481020450592,
0.204803466796875,
-0.0832587331533432,
-0.10008112341165543,
-0.1894141286611557,
0.025251414626836777,
-0.3718804121017456,
0.3779839277267456,
0.0597025565803051,
-0.45556640625,
-0.04809146374464035,
0.3758138120174408,
-0.2694634199142456,
0.035990819334983826,
-0.0287458635866642,
0.0683763325214386,
0.3786349892616272,
0.3165418803691864,
-0.2951795756816864,
0.2510172426700592,
0.2421112060546875,
-0.04920980706810951,
0.4427897036075592,
0.09777747094631195,
-0.132568359375,
0.3403591513633728,
0.1117689311504364,
-0.04616885632276535,
0.19985707104206085,
-0.2283799946308136,
-0.1721462607383728,
-0.5116102695465088,
0.07118013501167297,
0.3141818642616272,
0.0322113037109375,
0.1488206684589386,
-0.0122663713991642,
-0.2073042094707489,
0.1651950478553772,
0.14192920923233032,
0.4380696713924408,
0.018603749573230743,
0.18988037109375,
0.05818091332912445,
0.2964816689491272,
0.1990288645029068,
-0.2278103232383728,
-0.028412289917469025,
0.5390896201133728,
-0.1689860075712204,
0.3661634624004364,
0.6011013388633728,
-0.3377143144607544,
-0.1517079621553421,
-0.08124033361673355,
0.2669677734375,
0.00977410189807415,
0.494384765625,
-0.2185804545879364,
-0.021831300109624863,
0.2688530683517456,
0.2362382709980011,
0.0568254254758358,
-0.0403628870844841,
0.4500461220741272,
0.2500983476638794,
0.5096299648284912,
0.5949435830116272,
-0.030923208221793175,
-0.0488569475710392,
0.1511739045381546,
0.457763671875,
0.03410254418849945,
0.10478472709655762,
0.5075141191482544,
-0.6534287929534912,
-0.012819926254451275,
0.3061930239200592,
-0.3405219316482544,
-0.09406831860542297,
-0.0482177734375,
0.6404079794883728,
-0.5770399570465088,
-0.0017005072440952063,
0.2115139365196228,
-0.3599785566329956,
-0.3123643696308136,
0.0828111469745636,
0.4767795205116272,
-0.09096527099609375,
0.0732014998793602,
-0.052045609802007675,
0.0160335972905159,
0.1554345041513443,
0.2265285849571228,
0.4809841513633728,
-0.0041554770432412624,
-0.2366943359375,
-0.04057735949754715,
0.0376095250248909,
0.2012973427772522,
-0.3286268413066864,
0.1278923898935318,
-0.4241536557674408,
0.5754665732383728,
-0.8853623867034912,
-0.1150716170668602,
0.7295464277267456,
0.1129896342754364,
0.13204871118068695,
0.13253021240234375,
0.2696668803691864,
-0.0695631206035614,
0.0917341411113739,
0.0060558319091796875,
-0.7052951455116272,
-0.2823350727558136,
0.5521647334098816,
0.4618326723575592,
0.7686631679534912,
0.3963080644607544,
0.1625434011220932,
0.29384803771972656,
0.3341335654258728,
0.213936910033226,
0.2149183452129364,
-0.4013400673866272,
0.1150648295879364,
0.1923149973154068,
-0.5245497226715088,
0.0925547257065773,
0.0169550571590662,
0.6256239414215088,
0.4342176616191864,
0.1762697398662567,
0.4883626401424408,
-0.2347276508808136,
0.0564676932990551,
0.2711317241191864,
0.1830512136220932,
0.1545138955116272,
0.4164225161075592,
0.10478845983743668,
-0.2905341386795044,
0.11682891845703125,
-0.1169976145029068,
0.1386174112558365,
0.2791476845741272,
-0.218505859375,
-0.17653486132621765,
0.3118625283241272,
0.242950439453125,
0.2934841513633728,
0.0536024309694767,
-0.00579833984375,
0.3289388120174408,
-0.2928348183631897,
-0.2374267578125,
0.0790439173579216,
0.3564995527267456,
0.2563951313495636,
0.1051771342754364,
0.4676920473575592,
-0.2148708701133728,
0.008321125991642475,
0.2696940004825592,
0.1517740935087204,
-0.0586836077272892,
0.2529296875,
0.1075490340590477,
0.0210842564702034,
0.08422194421291351,
0.05260467529296875,
0.0066825021058321,
0.07781982421875,
0.18374548852443695,
0.2076958566904068,
0.1634589284658432,
-0.3396538496017456,
-0.01544782891869545,
0.1400570273399353,
0.2150471955537796,
0.4979383647441864,
0.3450656533241272,
0.4528672993183136,
0.484619140625,
0.4097222089767456,
-0.059624142944812775,
-0.1144561767578125,
-0.1322292685508728,
-0.0988396555185318,
0.0815989151597023,
0.044764623045921326,
-0.0265019740909338,
-0.08130688220262527,
-0.1516825407743454,
0.1243320032954216,
-0.6998698115348816,
-0.1631130576133728,
-0.3470187783241272,
0.2279256135225296,
0.4586317241191864,
0.08340252935886383,
-0.3335503339767456,
-0.1678059846162796,
0.4433322548866272,
0.5906575322151184,
0.4552680253982544,
4.229166507720947,
0.1081610769033432,
0.076202392578125,
-0.1916775107383728,
-0.1768052875995636,
0.2312452495098114,
0.5694444179534912,
-0.7100151777267456,
0.13298924267292023,
-0.2807210385799408,
-0.014629787765443325,
0.0476175956428051,
-0.13554805517196655,
0.203521728515625,
-0.1120741069316864,
0.02669186145067215,
0.0551079660654068,
0.06368425488471985,
0.5158420205116272,
0.3624403178691864,
-0.149658203125,
0.2972005307674408,
0.15490299463272095,
0.4569770097732544,
0.5097385048866272,
-0.3349338173866272,
0.1276312917470932,
0.3092210590839386,
0.3265109658241272,
0.3641764223575592,
0.4474555253982544,
0.2640109658241272,
-0.0436299629509449,
-0.0030581157188862562,
-0.7115342617034912,
0.1351657509803772,
0.2751193642616272,
0.4228108823299408,
0.2068583220243454,
-0.2751905620098114,
0.1858283132314682,
-0.1602647602558136,
0.437744140625,
0.5565863847732544,
-0.0512712262570858,
-0.2056545615196228,
-0.1394839882850647,
0.3749728798866272,
-0.03392622247338295,
0.0403205007314682,
0.4698893129825592,
0.1429070383310318,
-0.1842312216758728,
0.1780836284160614,
0.0832451730966568,
0.4734429121017456,
0.2545844316482544,
0.412109375,
-0.02991655096411705,
0.1182895228266716,
0.3473442792892456,
-0.0474734827876091,
-0.2322591096162796,
-0.2053087055683136,
-0.3649088442325592,
-0.1462470144033432,
-0.2654079794883728,
0.5047471523284912,
0.1870863139629364,
0.4163275957107544,
0.3030870258808136,
0.3429090678691864,
0.3575846254825592,
-0.0569271519780159,
0.013949076645076275,
-0.5028754472732544,
-0.3259412944316864,
-0.006252712570130825,
0.055731456726789474,
0.1995205283164978,
0.2240464985370636,
0.08410782366991043,
0.1695421040058136,
0.5220268964767456,
0.1150309219956398,
0.5362955927848816,
0.0954928919672966,
-0.4305013120174408,
0.4900444746017456,
0.1874593049287796,
0.3504774272441864,
-0.06971952319145203,
0.2778184711933136,
-0.22274187207221985,
0.3267279863357544,
-0.1294894814491272,
0.12761688232421875,
-3.9908854961395264,
0.2572835385799408,
0.2223578542470932,
-0.3105197548866272,
-0.00026194253587163985,
-0.3248969316482544,
-0.00043699477100744843,
0.2651333212852478,
0.02869584783911705,
0.1870524138212204,
0.05732292681932449,
-0.090362548828125,
-0.390625,
0.3208211362361908,
0.1889835000038147,
-0.1270684152841568,
0.5673828125,
0.3922525942325592,
0.2875569760799408,
-0.1508314311504364,
-0.2500067949295044,
-0.0993177592754364,
0.4370388388633728,
-0.03520287573337555,
-0.2238057404756546,
0.0205518938601017,
-0.0344441719353199,
-0.2900797426700592,
0.2802734375,
0.1850043386220932,
0.05854203924536705,
0.3860405683517456,
0.5655381679534912,
-0.2413669228553772,
0.2421671599149704,
0.2919786274433136,
0.2671169638633728,
-0.10317739099264145,
0.4327799379825592,
0.3395724892616272,
0.06030718609690666,
-0.2866482138633728,
0.3742946982383728,
0.3622504472732544,
0.010822296142578125,
-0.2800496518611908,
-0.4365505576133728,
0.3914116621017456,
-0.3891194760799408,
0.354736328125,
0.2954508364200592,
0.3164876401424408,
0.011718962341547012,
0.2372199147939682,
0.3688150942325592,
0.2227240651845932,
-0.2240566611289978,
0.009318034164607525,
0.2217271625995636,
0.2684326171875,
0.1185930073261261,
-0.0212571881711483,
0.2797580361366272,
-0.1797349750995636,
0.0388115793466568,
-0.3801133930683136,
-0.0857442244887352,
0.3396064043045044,
0.10129589587450027,
-0.0134718157351017,
0.5927463173866272,
0.2570699155330658,
0.2510579526424408,
0.1756117045879364,
0.3805881142616272,
0.3372395932674408,
-0.29388427734375,
-0.1116875559091568,
0.6647135615348816,
0.1267140656709671,
0.1768425852060318,
-0.1273023784160614,
-0.3808051347732544,
-0.0469089075922966,
2.1935763359069824,
0.23477257788181305,
2.271484375,
0.1639336496591568,
0.3206346333026886,
0.2280137836933136,
-0.2384711354970932,
-0.138519287109375,
-0.0699276402592659,
-0.0430976003408432,
-0.15317365527153015,
0.2479451447725296,
0.0007993777398951352,
0.3213433027267456,
0.0517679862678051,
-0.08813391625881195,
0.3295627236366272,
-0.8070204257965088,
-0.12434286624193192,
-0.2320624440908432,
0.3599175214767456,
-0.03781871497631073,
-0.2806260883808136,
0.6316731572151184,
0.2455613911151886,
-0.1748182475566864,
-0.0801493301987648,
-0.0184911098331213,
0.04245397821068764,
-0.0791269913315773,
-0.6568467617034912,
0.1970147043466568,
0.4781087338924408,
0.3464423418045044,
0.1352335661649704,
0.3324788510799408,
0.1766764372587204,
4.669704914093018,
0.5725368857383728,
-0.3461642861366272,
0.2631022036075592,
0.3179117739200592,
0.07130283862352371,
0.4372829794883728,
-0.1745944619178772,
-0.05426618829369545,
0.029066720977425575,
0.2388644814491272,
-0.0442131906747818,
-0.1024068221449852,
-0.0383758544921875,
0.1920878142118454,
0.29435813426971436,
-0.0924665629863739,
0.12850910425186157,
0.1437191367149353,
0.3148193359375,
-0.033477783203125,
0.2485826313495636,
0.2853868305683136,
-0.1349216103553772,
0.028763242065906525,
0.09584596753120422,
0.3311631977558136,
-0.3808864951133728,
-0.07245084643363953,
-0.1414930522441864,
0.6142035722732544,
5.435329914093018,
0.3379855751991272,
0.3960774838924408,
0.0685068741440773,
0.1795213520526886,
0.2107001394033432,
-0.136871337890625,
0.16261884570121765,
-0.0958964005112648,
0.014865451492369175,
-0.0595838762819767,
0.1444125771522522,
0.01615058071911335,
0.0306735560297966,
0.1722446084022522,
0.0873955637216568,
-0.1390177458524704,
-0.016937255859375,
0.3646647036075592,
-0.2391628623008728,
0.5024956464767456,
0.00885857455432415,
0.3221164345741272,
-0.2919498085975647,
-0.1810116171836853,
-0.1740790456533432,
-0.2520616352558136,
0.02559661865234375,
-0.1970621794462204,
-0.3652140200138092,
0.4308268129825592,
0.3347439169883728,
0.0395287424325943,
0.2205471396446228,
-0.3056437075138092,
-0.1177402064204216,
0.5189616084098816,
0.14635127782821655,
0.2046068012714386,
-0.1227535679936409,
0.4197048544883728,
0.6109755039215088,
-0.3165961503982544,
0.0446438267827034,
0.13356907665729523,
0.1576605886220932,
-0.1231553852558136,
-0.1664021760225296,
-0.2887776792049408,
0.0014631482772529125,
0.2284511923789978,
-0.1687384694814682,
0.8634982705116272,
-0.12536494433879852,
-0.0832146555185318,
0.2313622385263443,
-0.003811306320130825,
-0.06787109375,
0.1308932900428772,
-0.2949489951133728,
0.7518988847732544,
-0.0008477105293422937,
-0.1230367049574852,
0.12297185510396957,
0.1389194130897522,
0.4263373613357544,
0.3984646201133728,
-0.1126725971698761,
0.5925564169883728,
-0.2331068217754364,
0.11131143569946289,
0.1693793386220932,
0.0916002094745636,
0.1864081472158432,
-0.1080593541264534,
0.02419026754796505,
0.0984141007065773,
-0.0425364188849926,
0.0214555524289608,
0.23882929980754852,
-0.2602403461933136,
-0.076995849609375,
-0.4264594316482544,
-0.1207427978515625,
0.1474812775850296,
-0.4102104902267456,
-0.1495802104473114,
0.06394153088331223,
0.2855936586856842,
0.1182996928691864,
-0.04346158728003502,
0.09629228711128235,
-0.3027479350566864,
0.791015625,
0.4429931640625,
-0.0862409770488739,
-0.0669097900390625,
0.4237467348575592,
-0.0613488107919693,
0.1827494353055954,
0.13500483334064484,
0.2998725175857544,
-0.1960500031709671,
-0.1465335488319397,
0.1420711874961853,
-0.3448215126991272,
0.09455256909132004,
0.0777164027094841,
0.1863335520029068,
0.12365595251321793,
0.4491645097732544,
0.4832899272441864,
0.1375766396522522,
0.009090847335755825,
-0.3948296308517456
] |
2072
|
When was the first Worst Witch published?
|
[
{
"docid": "848748#0",
"text": "The Worst Witch is a series of children's books written and illustrated by Jill Murphy. The series are primarily boarding school and fantasy stories, with eight books already published. The first one, \"The Worst Witch\", was published in 1974 by Allison & Busby, and the most recent one, \"First Prize for the Worst Witch\", was published in 2018 by Puffin Books, the current publisher of all the series. The books have become some of the most successful titles on the Young Puffin paperback list and have sold more than 4 million copies.",
"title": "The Worst Witch"
},
{
"docid": "848748#3",
"text": "Each book covers one term at the school. There are two terms each year: the Winter term, from September to January, and the Summer term, from March to July. In \"First Prize for the Worst Witch\", the most recent book, Mildred is in the Summer term of her fourth year.\nThe author Jill Murphy began writing \"The Worst Witch\" at the age of 15, while still at school, and based many points of the stories on her own school experiences at Ursuline Convent in Wimbledon, England, with Singing becoming Chanting, Chemistry becoming Potions and so on. Recalling how she got the idea for the story, she said: \"My two friends and I used to come home in our dark uniforms, looking very scruffy at the end of the day – my dark plaits sprouting tufts, with lost hair ribbons. My Mum used to say 'Look at you all. You look like the three witches!' and it gave me the idea for a witch's school – so that it was exactly like my school, but with a subtle touch of magic. All the characters are based on my school friends (and enemies) and teachers.\" Murphy concluded the first book at the age of 18, but failed to achieve a publishing deal, causing her to \"put it in a drawer\" and decide to \"concentrate on other things instead.\" After working as a nanny and in a children’s home, Murphy had a phone call from a small publisher interested in the book. \"The Worst Witch\" was finally published in 1974, when Murphy was 24.",
"title": "The Worst Witch"
},
{
"docid": "848748#4",
"text": "\"The Worst Witch\" () was first published in 1974 by Allison & Busby, who took the book on after it had been turned down by three other publishers.",
"title": "The Worst Witch"
},
{
"docid": "50891336#0",
"text": "The Worst Witch is a British-German fantasy children's television series about a group of young witches at a school for magic. It stars Bella Ramsey and is based on \"The Worst Witch\" books by Jill Murphy (published 1974–2018). It is the fifth adaptation of The Worst Witch series after the 1986 television film, the 1998 television series, the 2001 television spin-off and the 2005 television spin-off.",
"title": "The Worst Witch (2017 TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "16867110#0",
"text": "The Worst Witch is a British-Canadian ITV television series about a group of young witches at a school for magic. The series stars Georgina Sherrington and Felicity Jones, and is based on \"The Worst Witch\" books by Jill Murphy (published from 1974 onwards). It aired for a total of 40 episodes spread over three series between 1998 and 2001, before being followed by \"Weirdsister College.\" Most episodes revolved around the school, following the adventures of Mildred and her friends. The series was later followed by \"The New Worst Witch\", which ran for two series and chronicled the experiences of Mildred's younger cousin Hettie as she attended the school.",
"title": "The Worst Witch (1998 TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "5917482#38",
"text": "Many critics have noted that Jill Murphy's \"The Worst Witch\" series (first published in 1974 by Allison & Busby), is set in a school for girls, \"Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches\", reminiscent of Hogwarts. The story concerns an awkward pupil at a boarding-school for witches, who faces a scheming rival student. Her professors include a kindly and elderly headmistress and a bullying, raven-haired potions teacher. Murphy has commented on her frustration at constant comparisons between her work and \"Harry Potter\": \"It's irritating … everyone asks the same question and I even get children writing to ask me whether I mind about the Hogwarts school of witchcraft and pointing out similarities. Even worse are reviewers who come across my books, or see the TV series, and, without taking the trouble to find out that it's now over quarter of a century since I wrote my first book, make pointed remarks about 'clever timing' – or say things like 'the Worst Witch stories are not a million miles from J K Rowling's books'. The implications are really quite insulting!\"",
"title": "Harry Potter influences and analogues"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "848748#9",
"text": "\"The Worst Witch Strikes Again\" () was first published in 1980 by Allison & Busby and features a new character, Enid Nightshade.",
"title": "The Worst Witch"
},
{
"docid": "848748#26",
"text": "\"The Worst Witch All at Sea\" () was published in 1993. It is the only book in the series not set in Miss Cackle's Academy for Witches, but by the sea instead.",
"title": "The Worst Witch"
},
{
"docid": "16867110#2",
"text": "The series stars Georgina Sherrington and Felicity Jones (as Mildred Hubble and Ethel Hallow respectively), and was broadcast from 1998 to 2001 on ITV, and later on HBO. The series also stars veteran British actress Una Stubbs as the eccentric chanting teacher, Miss Bat. Felicity Jones was replaced by Katy Allen after the first series, it was explained away as a magical makeover (a \"witch-over\"). New characters were also added, such as Frank Blossom (the school's caretaker), Miss Crotchet, the music teacher in the third series who replaced Miss Bat and two students from ethnic minorities – Ruby Cherrytree and Jadu Wali. New recurring characters included Merlin Langstaff, a wizard apprentice who befriended Mildred, his two mean-spirited acquaintances – Barry \"Baz\" Dragonsbane and Gary \"Gaz\" Grailquest, Charlie, Frank Blossom's nephew who really wanted to be a wizard, Mrs. Cosie, the nervous owner of the nearby tearoom and Mistress Hecketty Broomhead, the evil school inspector who later became a brief headmistress. Also as a character who appears more than once is Egbert Hellibore, chief wizard and headmaster of Camelot Castle, where Merlin, Charlie, Baz and Gaz live. The first series dramatised \"The Worst Witch\" and \"The Worst Witch Strikes Again\", and the second series dramatised \"A Bad Spell For The Worst Witch\" and \"The Worst Witch All At Sea\". Both of these two series also contained original stories. The third and final series continued with purely original material.",
"title": "The Worst Witch (1998 TV series)"
},
{
"docid": "848748#55",
"text": "\"First Prize for the Worst Witch\" () was published in 2018.",
"title": "The Worst Witch"
}
] |
[
0.13340529799461365,
-0.06818542629480362,
-0.218353271484375,
0.3768066465854645,
0.12580566108226776,
0.26518553495407104,
0.3345092833042145,
-0.3603759706020355,
0.304443359375,
0.29200440645217896,
-0.128315731883049,
-0.30567628145217896,
-0.593676745891571,
-0.04934387281537056,
0.10965423285961151,
-0.09817428886890411,
0.6064208745956421,
-0.03097839280962944,
0.07036285102367401,
0.2715698182582855,
-0.12383117526769638,
0.28795164823532104,
-0.06568336486816406,
-0.18024292588233948,
-0.07807312160730362,
0.09555115550756454,
-0.10277251899242401,
0.2654663026332855,
-0.20290985703468323,
0.3306030333042145,
0.14945678412914276,
-0.4582275450229645,
-0.06710128486156464,
0.82763671875,
-0.16043472290039062,
0.3642822206020355,
-0.020326996222138405,
0.5510498285293579,
0.11222229152917862,
-0.3171020448207855,
-0.06647796928882599,
0.0540897361934185,
0.557202160358429,
-0.2593750059604645,
0.4042419493198395,
0.20111389458179474,
0.0034690857864916325,
-0.16732406616210938,
-0.004504394717514515,
0.00898132286965847,
-0.34044188261032104,
-0.4524902403354645,
0.08627013862133026,
0.05524597316980362,
-0.21573486924171448,
0.46870118379592896,
0.08635902404785156,
0.17922058701515198,
-0.15216064453125,
-0.08742079883813858,
0.4036621153354645,
0.31141358613967896,
-0.18036499619483948,
-0.06830139458179474,
0.28044432401657104,
0.3078369200229645,
0.013394355773925781,
0.2790161073207855,
-0.1776123046875,
0.16055145859718323,
0.057282257825136185,
0.5995849370956421,
0.615039050579071,
0.1717735230922699,
-0.3780517578125,
0.08392105251550674,
0.19440917670726776,
0.2505432069301605,
-0.08563537895679474,
-0.0040649413131177425,
0.6246093511581421,
0.09651489555835724,
-0.21820983290672302,
0.15853729844093323,
-0.1905059814453125,
0.3903564512729645,
0.12864990532398224,
0.1307022124528885,
0.20134277641773224,
0.2959960997104645,
0.16409607231616974,
-0.2144622802734375,
0.14313344657421112,
-0.06264953315258026,
0.6068359613418579,
0.12880554795265198,
0.28062742948532104,
-0.13557739555835724,
0.02191619947552681,
0.002571582794189453,
0.00882568396627903,
-0.3315185606479645,
-0.13698415458202362,
-0.05279541015625,
0.2386322021484375,
-0.511157214641571,
-0.6705077886581421,
0.19147177040576935,
0.20687255263328552,
0.632128894329071,
-0.00723686208948493,
-0.44108885526657104,
-0.08445129543542862,
-0.282562255859375,
0.30174559354782104,
-0.02648010291159153,
0.422311395406723,
-0.06363334506750107,
-0.28413087129592896,
-0.5345703363418579,
0.507153332233429,
0.3683837950229645,
-0.366943359375,
0.147125244140625,
-0.23344573378562927,
-0.25356751680374146,
0.7408202886581421,
-0.17938843369483948,
0.6563720703125,
0.272705078125,
0.34660643339157104,
0.12117614597082138,
0.27239990234375,
0.671630859375,
0.549853503704071,
0.17808684706687927,
-0.034449003636837006,
-0.03725738450884819,
-0.309661865234375,
0.06560669094324112,
0.29762572050094604,
-0.06779632717370987,
0.050387073308229446,
0.80419921875,
0.04260559007525444,
0.3629394471645355,
0.0970001220703125,
0.23872680962085724,
0.4073486328125,
0.34967041015625,
0.40385740995407104,
0.05771484225988388,
-0.0926361083984375,
0.23142090439796448,
-0.3359008729457855,
0.2103019654750824,
0.1059202179312706,
-0.0721031203866005,
-0.4258056581020355,
-0.13030700385570526,
0.7056640386581421,
0.2611328065395355,
-0.19006653130054474,
-0.3129821717739105,
-0.06126346439123154,
0.46406251192092896,
-0.2719482481479645,
0.2552734315395355,
0.5743163824081421,
-0.198760986328125,
-0.16459961235523224,
0.010855483822524548,
0.3725219666957855,
-0.4962402284145355,
0.20154723525047302,
0.3335205018520355,
-0.13990478217601776,
0.09825515747070312,
0.05120391771197319,
0.1714244782924652,
0.4144043028354645,
0.25213623046875,
0.0066436766646802425,
0.2752452790737152,
0.535595715045929,
0.574145495891571,
0.15128211677074432,
0.1630401611328125,
-0.30462646484375,
0.11138534545898438,
0.713916003704071,
0.03796844556927681,
0.4808349609375,
-0.08323974907398224,
-0.36296385526657104,
-0.034755706787109375,
-0.35334473848342896,
0.22849731147289276,
0.03140106052160263,
0.182525634765625,
-0.11339569091796875,
-0.1662643402814865,
-0.4371093809604645,
0.250244140625,
0.2903808653354645,
-0.09685669094324112,
0.09317703545093536,
-0.0049377442337572575,
-0.36475831270217896,
0.015083694830536842,
0.19489745795726776,
0.16961669921875,
0.05560912936925888,
0.633471667766571,
0.06135253980755806,
0.2578491270542145,
-0.4278564453125,
-0.13172492384910583,
0.44244384765625,
0.16445617377758026,
-0.31806641817092896,
0.4770263731479645,
0.04341430589556694,
0.0034454346168786287,
0.3035644590854645,
-0.253082275390625,
-0.08010711520910263,
-0.44184571504592896,
0.11672325432300568,
0.13944092392921448,
0.625659167766571,
0.05078735202550888,
-0.02047424390912056,
-0.622363269329071,
0.162261962890625,
0.40911865234375,
0.2534423768520355,
-0.11110839992761612,
0.01429138146340847,
0.012133026495575905,
0.16417236626148224,
0.11922149360179901,
-0.10055847465991974,
0.3131347596645355,
0.4455810487270355,
-0.645825207233429,
0.2640624940395355,
0.2745899260044098,
-0.08388099819421768,
-0.16054992377758026,
0.2976318299770355,
-0.08147735893726349,
0.28015440702438354,
0.15416260063648224,
-0.14444275200366974,
-0.10787658393383026,
0.010220336727797985,
0.20396117866039276,
-0.12437133491039276,
-0.00196666712872684,
0.12110290676355362,
0.74560546875,
0.44189453125,
0.926025390625,
-0.01526794396340847,
-0.14633484184741974,
0.16269226372241974,
0.5943359136581421,
0.08670730888843536,
0.552075207233429,
1.051904320716858,
-0.48333740234375,
0.4761962890625,
0.3626953065395355,
-0.18920746445655823,
-0.22723388671875,
0.12064056098461151,
0.19465026259422302,
-0.49919432401657104,
0.4107475280761719,
0.037467192858457565,
-0.04229431226849556,
-0.09824371337890625,
0.0761871337890625,
0.26435548067092896,
0.13637085258960724,
0.06213684007525444,
0.1176910400390625,
-0.15199890732765198,
0.04244537279009819,
0.310983270406723,
0.2528320252895355,
-0.27874755859375,
-0.5046631097793579,
-0.24367675185203552,
0.4250854551792145,
0.20123291015625,
0.05725402757525444,
0.4463134706020355,
-0.22414855659008026,
0.732373058795929,
-0.4626220762729645,
0.21451416611671448,
0.29600828886032104,
-0.21574707329273224,
-0.16141967475414276,
-0.0031478882301598787,
0.48188477754592896,
0.07851753383874893,
0.11214294284582138,
0.4087158143520355,
-0.633471667766571,
-0.170806884765625,
0.5206543207168579,
0.19683226943016052,
0.39808350801467896,
0.11966552585363388,
0.21867676079273224,
0.3141235411167145,
-0.020157719030976295,
-0.19935378432273865,
-0.5368407964706421,
-0.3924316465854645,
0.18809814751148224,
0.4905029237270355,
-0.591137707233429,
-0.06342621147632599,
-0.1987655609846115,
0.843505859375,
-0.18025049567222595,
0.36130982637405396,
0.09928055107593536,
-0.4711669981479645,
-0.308990478515625,
-0.17694702744483948,
0.33208006620407104,
0.055991269648075104,
0.702929675579071,
-0.22344665229320526,
0.16040953993797302,
0.08417663723230362,
-0.023755645379424095,
-0.02712554857134819,
0.32777100801467896,
-0.01668853685259819,
-0.10187478363513947,
0.10877227783203125,
0.052781105041503906,
0.18269042670726776,
0.13984985649585724,
-0.07008667290210724,
-0.183624267578125,
0.11007890850305557,
-0.029563140124082565,
-0.22327880561351776,
0.579418957233429,
0.534252941608429,
0.6146240234375,
0.30267333984375,
-0.15719203650951385,
0.19035033881664276,
0.43415528535842896,
-0.05578460544347763,
-0.12985840439796448,
0.15999451279640198,
-0.3775634765625,
-0.263449102640152,
0.1552276611328125,
0.11156006157398224,
-0.009656524285674095,
-0.0063018798828125,
0.06339416652917862,
-0.018866728991270065,
-0.12167968600988388,
-0.2715820372104645,
-0.3136230409145355,
-0.22591552138328552,
0.509594738483429,
0.4830566346645355,
0.6876465082168579,
0.520434558391571,
0.5232177972793579,
0.19781494140625,
0.1728973388671875,
-0.549877941608429,
-0.06581421196460724,
-0.0654144287109375,
-0.074066162109375,
0.06538162380456924,
0.09283437579870224,
0.20778807997703552,
-0.05063934251666069,
-0.03905143588781357,
-0.523608386516571,
0.2626495361328125,
-0.516528308391571,
0.056591033935546875,
0.18312454223632812,
0.17354126274585724,
-0.03965606540441513,
0.12524719536304474,
0.23958739638328552,
0.46650391817092896,
0.43854981660842896,
4.1484375,
-0.0031383514869958162,
0.622851550579071,
-0.5597900152206421,
-0.18804320693016052,
0.026839543133974075,
-0.07788391411304474,
-0.49272459745407104,
0.23872070014476776,
0.2769409120082855,
0.28406983613967896,
0.1834205687046051,
-0.11187787353992462,
0.019635772332549095,
-0.0037599564529955387,
0.3885253965854645,
0.5812743902206421,
0.19913330674171448,
0.2779541015625,
0.27924805879592896,
-0.23565062880516052,
0.4788818359375,
0.3453125059604645,
-0.2078857421875,
0.31608885526657104,
-0.4229736328125,
0.1615547239780426,
-0.04949340969324112,
0.19832763075828552,
0.4073730409145355,
0.31828612089157104,
0.34516602754592896,
0.4205322265625,
0.27247923612594604,
-0.7017577886581421,
0.1600923091173172,
0.34739989042282104,
-0.01119079627096653,
0.2581420838832855,
0.12403106689453125,
-0.24932861328125,
-0.1104530319571495,
-0.15164795517921448,
0.54833984375,
0.5846923589706421,
-0.4015869200229645,
0.2784179747104645,
0.15233154594898224,
0.581713855266571,
-0.32969361543655396,
0.244110107421875,
-0.4756103456020355,
-0.19194336235523224,
0.04218292236328125,
0.09065093845129013,
0.500659167766571,
0.6058593988418579,
0.16104277968406677,
0.03997192531824112,
-0.10266570746898651,
0.20793457329273224,
-0.23189696669578552,
-0.03710784763097763,
0.23593750596046448,
-0.000659942626953125,
-0.1798095703125,
0.17365416884422302,
0.309326171875,
0.6309570074081421,
0.19080810248851776,
0.014880371280014515,
0.3473754823207855,
0.17801514267921448,
-0.011394500732421875,
-0.00481758126989007,
-0.1813003569841385,
-0.22566834092140198,
-0.16385650634765625,
0.22703857719898224,
0.23382568359375,
0.13592529296875,
-0.20212402939796448,
0.15751953423023224,
0.19830322265625,
0.14104919135570526,
0.4720214903354645,
0.03125,
-0.07916488498449326,
0.20446166396141052,
-0.18018798530101776,
0.12369384616613388,
0.3938964903354645,
0.3276611268520355,
0.2435760498046875,
0.3935302793979645,
0.22753295302391052,
0.08479595184326172,
-3.911914110183716,
0.10430755466222763,
-0.05510520935058594,
0.0324951633810997,
-0.04202384874224663,
0.37333983182907104,
0.2958740293979645,
0.4218994081020355,
-0.09459686279296875,
0.24960938096046448,
0.02857208251953125,
-0.1430503875017166,
-0.01565837860107422,
0.5245071649551392,
0.162139892578125,
0.21091309189796448,
0.08682160079479218,
0.07484626770019531,
0.33608245849609375,
-0.2657470703125,
-0.15315857529640198,
0.06553874164819717,
0.501904308795929,
0.18586425483226776,
0.31429290771484375,
-0.20469436049461365,
0.42839354276657104,
-0.7068847417831421,
-0.514086902141571,
0.189208984375,
-0.15238647162914276,
-0.05646972730755806,
0.42866212129592896,
-0.20045776665210724,
-0.03328552097082138,
-0.23301391303539276,
0.3858398497104645,
-0.543383777141571,
-0.049456022679805756,
-0.05611114576458931,
-0.4653076231479645,
0.27058106660842896,
0.032236479222774506,
-0.27623289823532104,
0.09685058891773224,
0.2131202667951584,
-0.24580688774585724,
-0.0011306762462481856,
-0.06018371507525444,
0.4108642637729645,
0.4874267578125,
0.3913330137729645,
0.06055793911218643,
0.02247314527630806,
0.614990234375,
-0.08712158352136612,
-0.06500244140625,
0.061463166028261185,
0.6479247808456421,
0.32475584745407104,
-0.21890869736671448,
-0.15814514458179474,
0.1525619477033615,
-0.003692626953125,
-0.21488647162914276,
-0.01928405836224556,
0.6479247808456421,
0.20517197251319885,
0.06854858249425888,
-0.06245384365320206,
-0.0059570311568677425,
0.20354004204273224,
-0.129608154296875,
-0.1375831663608551,
0.02608337439596653,
0.4240478575229645,
-0.2752929627895355,
-0.0015895843971520662,
0.5322265625,
0.15000000596046448,
-0.37279051542282104,
-0.20640258491039276,
-0.4437255859375,
0.22879943251609802,
2.284960985183716,
-0.16055908799171448,
2.2889647483825684,
-0.19943848252296448,
0.1735885590314865,
0.007781982421875,
-0.22772827744483948,
0.14189490675926208,
0.19284668564796448,
-0.01691894605755806,
-0.020319366827607155,
-0.150584414601326,
-0.08382721245288849,
0.43964844942092896,
-0.24404296278953552,
-0.016861915588378906,
0.2906433045864105,
-0.976245105266571,
0.12811985611915588,
-0.21938475966453552,
0.20694580674171448,
-0.24074706435203552,
-0.09010925143957138,
0.31583064794540405,
0.20966187119483948,
-0.10957946628332138,
-0.41669923067092896,
0.18426819145679474,
0.5703125,
-0.37286376953125,
-0.19971923530101776,
0.24620361626148224,
0.2874389588832855,
-0.062068939208984375,
0.05461730808019638,
0.18108519911766052,
0.0061820982955396175,
4.706640720367432,
0.19147339463233948,
-0.08397827297449112,
-0.06537475436925888,
-0.41163331270217896,
0.31437987089157104,
0.20773926377296448,
-0.08782958984375,
0.26490479707717896,
0.21997222304344177,
0.21532288193702698,
-0.11656646430492401,
0.08455810695886612,
-0.13644103705883026,
0.0688602477312088,
0.09393616020679474,
-0.13619384169578552,
0.128875732421875,
0.0692596435546875,
0.5688720941543579,
0.4545654356479645,
0.1976318359375,
0.05323638767004013,
-0.09653015434741974,
0.15460319817066193,
0.09388427436351776,
-0.127308651804924,
-0.21668091416358948,
-0.03172111511230469,
0.07971496880054474,
0.3398071229457855,
5.441796779632568,
0.22489623725414276,
0.2856079041957855,
-0.23916015028953552,
0.05298767238855362,
0.4347900450229645,
-0.20406493544578552,
-0.07922478020191193,
0.0265045166015625,
-0.13007202744483948,
-0.3710693418979645,
0.19724731147289276,
-0.31468504667282104,
0.41822510957717896,
-0.30537110567092896,
0.3545776307582855,
-0.512744128704071,
0.0241546630859375,
-0.528149425983429,
-0.11124877631664276,
0.4713073670864105,
-0.2924438416957855,
0.3858886659145355,
-0.4753662049770355,
-0.12482605129480362,
-0.2612853944301605,
-0.08437194675207138,
0.25043028593063354,
-0.19667358696460724,
-0.18475952744483948,
0.2572265565395355,
0.529833972454071,
-0.183135986328125,
0.3384155333042145,
-0.39655762910842896,
0.23383331298828125,
0.255697637796402,
0.19356994330883026,
0.12853392958641052,
0.13428954780101776,
0.2525878846645355,
0.5037597417831421,
-0.08436278998851776,
-0.3271850645542145,
0.31779783964157104,
-0.08597107231616974,
-0.08960876613855362,
0.20322875678539276,
-0.20856933295726776,
-0.20932617783546448,
-0.17046737670898438,
-0.12207641452550888,
1.185693383216858,
0.563220202922821,
0.2320961058139801,
0.51666259765625,
-0.03253116458654404,
0.34080809354782104,
-0.08409576117992401,
0.16375426948070526,
0.40751951932907104,
0.0655364990234375,
-0.006081008818000555,
0.11422424018383026,
0.27850341796875,
-0.261749267578125,
0.12244262546300888,
-0.0008835673215799034,
0.19148559868335724,
-0.2853637635707855,
0.3462158143520355,
0.13242626190185547,
0.22697754204273224,
0.3834472596645355,
0.027701567858457565,
0.28607481718063354,
0.38679200410842896,
-0.21421699225902557,
0.14257431030273438,
0.07357845455408096,
-0.2804199159145355,
-0.24248047173023224,
-0.12311706691980362,
-0.19153670966625214,
0.4479736387729645,
0.02438812330365181,
-0.4168457090854645,
0.40327149629592896,
0.2954082489013672,
0.4307861328125,
0.30732423067092896,
0.10174560546875,
-0.42030030488967896,
0.705371081829071,
0.1304168701171875,
0.23220214247703552,
0.18129882216453552,
0.19804076850414276,
0.11712417751550674,
0.22368773818016052,
-0.322967529296875,
0.23376086354255676,
0.10624847561120987,
0.10854186862707138,
0.0757598876953125,
-0.270669549703598,
0.545153796672821,
-0.18914794921875,
0.35529786348342896,
0.061301421374082565,
0.535327136516571,
0.3517700135707855,
-0.32928466796875,
-0.17159423232078552,
-0.15941771864891052
] |
2073
|
What is meaning of politics?
|
[
{
"docid": "22986#0",
"text": "Politics (from , meaning \"affairs of the cities\") is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group.",
"title": "Politics"
},
{
"docid": "22986#7",
"text": "The word comes from the same Greek word from which the title of Aristotle's book \"Politics\" (Πολιτικά, \"Polis\") also derives; \"polis\" means \"affairs of the cities\". The book title was rendered in Early Modern English in the mid-15th century as \"Polettiques\"; it became \"politics\" in Modern English. The singular \"politic\" first attested in English 1430 and comes from Middle French \"politique\", in turn from Latin \"politicus\", which is the Latinization of the Greek πολιτικός (\"politikos\"), meaning amongst others \"of, for, or relating to citizens\", \"civil\", \"civic\", \"belonging to the state\", in turn from πολίτης (\"polites\"), \"citizen\" and that from πόλις (\"polis\"), \"city\".",
"title": "Politics"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "31783151#15",
"text": "Firstly, it serves to elucidate upon claims to a ‘post-political impasse’. This is best understood through what Ranciere calls \"the police\", \"the political\" and \"politics\". It is within these three terms that Ranciere carves out what he calls the true meaning of political action, and of what it is to exercise political right. As Panagia neatly summarizes; ‘politics is the practice of asserting one’s position that ruptures the logic of arche’. Politics is about rediscovering the art of debate, conflict and struggle, and not merely about re-organizing the administrative framework of existing political structures (namely, the state apparatus).\" The political\" – in Ranciere’s words – is for ‘[t]he one who is ‘unaccounted-for’, the one who has no speech to be heard’. Democracy does not work towards an ‘idealized-normative condition’ of equal rights, but is built upon the very ontological notion of such. \"Politics\" brings the political into the foreground; rendering that which was previously noise, legitimate speech. Much of what is thought to be politics in the contemporary world is actually subsumed within \"the police\". Policy is not politics is this sense, then. This is what Ranciere calls \"the partition of the sensible\", or the established order of things.",
"title": "GIS and environmental governance"
},
{
"docid": "17093445#1",
"text": "The study and practice of political communication focuses on the ways and means of expression of a political nature. Robert E. Denton and Gary C. Woodward, two important contributors to the field, in \"Political Communication in America\" characterize it as the ways and intentions of message senders to influence the political environment. This includes public discussion (e.g. political speeches, news media coverage, and ordinary citizens' talk) that considers who has authority to sanction, the allocation of public resources, who has authority to make decision, as well as social meaning like what makes someone American. In their words \"the crucial factor that makes communication 'political' is not the source of a message, but its content and purpose.\" David L. Swanson and Dan Nimmo, also key members of this sub-discipline, define political communication as \"the strategic use of communication to influence public knowledge, beliefs, and action on political matters.\" They emphasize the strategic nature of political communication, highlighting the role of persuasion in political discourse. Brian McNair provides a similar definition when he writes that political communication is \"purposeful communication about politics.\" For McNair this means that this not only covers verbal or written statements, but also visual representations such as dress, make-up, hairstyle or logo design. With other words, it also includes all those aspects that develop a \"political identity\" or \"image\". Reflecting on the relationship between political communication and contemporary agenda-building, Vian Bakir defines Strategic Political Communication (SPC) as comprising 'political communication that is manipulative in intent, that utilises social scientific techniques and heuristic devices to understand human motivation, human behavior and the media environment, to inform effectively what should be communicated – encompassing its detail and overall direction – and what should be withheld, with the aim of taking into account and influencing public opinion, and creating strategic alliances and an enabling environment for government policies – both at home and abroad'.",
"title": "Political communication"
},
{
"docid": "2718008#4",
"text": "For me, these things are very deeply connected. I think politics really is rooted in political philosophy, is much better understood when it's understood in light of political philosophy. And that a lot of the policy debates we have make much more sense if you see that people are arguing about two ways of understanding what the human person is, what human society is, and especially what the liberal society is. The left and right in our country are both liberal, they both believe in the free society, but they mean something very different by that.",
"title": "Yuval Levin"
},
{
"docid": "55853074#0",
"text": "s͎ is a symbol used in the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent a whistled s. The sound occurs in the Shona language represented by sv, as in the name of Morgan Tsvangirai.",
"title": "S͎"
},
{
"docid": "18041045#0",
"text": "The is a local political party in Okinawa, Japan. \"Seitō\" means \"political party\", while \"sōzō\" may mean or . Contrary to what its official English name might suggest, the party is considered as largely conservative.",
"title": "Political Group of Okinawa Revolution"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "258680#0",
"text": "Ĥ or ĥ is a consonant in Esperanto orthography, representing a voiceless velar fricative or voiceless uvular fricative . Its name in Esperanto is \"ĥo\" (pronounced ).",
"title": "Ĥ"
},
{
"docid": "34255387#2",
"text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.",
"title": "Styrene monooxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "258695#3",
"text": "Ŭ represents a semivowel in the orthography of Esperanto, which is an international auxiliary language publicly presented in 1887. As in Belarusian, Esperanto Ŭ is pronounced as a non-syllabic , primarily in the diphthongs \"aŭ\", \"eŭ\" and rarely \"oŭ\".",
"title": "Ŭ"
},
{
"docid": "19043007#0",
"text": "O͘ is one of the six Taiwanese Hokkien vowels as written in the Peh-oe-ji (POJ) orthography. It is a normal o followed by Unicode , and is not to be confused with the Vietnamese Ơ. It is pronounced .",
"title": "O͘"
}
] |
[
0.0779428482055664,
0.22837066650390625,
0.255157470703125,
0.440887451171875,
-0.028644561767578125,
-0.07735013961791992,
0.3374481201171875,
-0.3246917724609375,
0.24558258056640625,
0.17739105224609375,
-0.27744579315185547,
0.02149677276611328,
-0.393280029296875,
0.43890380859375,
-0.3267822265625,
-0.393951416015625,
0.305511474609375,
-0.1969757080078125,
-0.21968841552734375,
0.3625640869140625,
-0.04622650146484375,
0.519500732421875,
0.013402462005615234,
0.04547262191772461,
0.050571441650390625,
-0.041416168212890625,
-0.2104034423828125,
0.15310096740722656,
0.230987548828125,
0.2213287353515625,
0.22747802734375,
-0.054708123207092285,
0.2986297607421875,
0.2691802978515625,
-0.337249755859375,
0.1323699951171875,
0.18990325927734375,
-0.04905247688293457,
0.059844970703125,
0.24192047119140625,
0.11304473876953125,
-0.022223472595214844,
0.12614059448242188,
-0.07855987548828125,
0.24019241333007812,
-0.484771728515625,
0.1576690673828125,
0.373870849609375,
-0.329864501953125,
0.13635492324829102,
-0.14302825927734375,
0.06781387329101562,
0.1108551025390625,
0.007054805755615234,
-0.457305908203125,
0.4793701171875,
-0.447662353515625,
0.2059173583984375,
0.2844696044921875,
0.050576210021972656,
0.16649627685546875,
-0.05190753936767578,
-0.1781005859375,
0.003429412841796875,
0.35650634765625,
0.14403343200683594,
-0.13002777099609375,
0.21059799194335938,
0.32861328125,
0.1658935546875,
-0.022882461547851562,
0.35113525390625,
0.49609375,
0.16481781005859375,
-0.012209415435791016,
-0.03409528732299805,
0.06606197357177734,
0.27060699462890625,
0.352813720703125,
-0.336517333984375,
0.314208984375,
-0.071258544921875,
0.2360382080078125,
0.3855133056640625,
0.225341796875,
0.38665771484375,
-0.010288715362548828,
-0.0019083023071289062,
0.37677001953125,
0.4638671875,
0.028731822967529297,
0.2660980224609375,
-0.1131591796875,
0.0034908801317214966,
-0.045517921447753906,
0.4345703125,
0.210418701171875,
-0.39007568359375,
0.028467178344726562,
-0.17334747314453125,
0.07951444387435913,
-0.2331390380859375,
-0.21140289306640625,
0.38137054443359375,
0.302154541015625,
-0.345245361328125,
-0.22049713134765625,
-0.045589447021484375,
0.3332366943359375,
0.192962646484375,
0.23542022705078125,
-0.18534469604492188,
-0.21941375732421875,
0.1840362548828125,
0.10303688049316406,
0.1078033447265625,
0.1870269775390625,
-0.12617111206054688,
-0.09207534790039062,
-0.91015625,
-0.14230918884277344,
-0.1709442138671875,
-0.19275283813476562,
-0.3240966796875,
-0.466339111328125,
0.13709640502929688,
0.322296142578125,
-0.14156723022460938,
0.595001220703125,
0.714630126953125,
0.0401608943939209,
0.17871856689453125,
0.41375732421875,
0.57403564453125,
0.30213165283203125,
0.13035202026367188,
0.004213452339172363,
-0.1304931640625,
-0.007612705230712891,
-0.322296142578125,
-0.03658771514892578,
0.145965576171875,
0.032146453857421875,
0.468597412109375,
-0.093841552734375,
0.07107353210449219,
0.0633392333984375,
0.34320068359375,
-0.06705665588378906,
0.16571044921875,
-0.08206367492675781,
0.025848388671875,
-0.15244293212890625,
0.47625732421875,
-0.10319709777832031,
0.4178466796875,
0.204833984375,
0.07949352264404297,
0.14225387573242188,
0.246612548828125,
0.78759765625,
0.422088623046875,
-0.2220611572265625,
-0.16010284423828125,
0.2144012451171875,
-0.08298969268798828,
0.0268251895904541,
0.49090576171875,
0.320556640625,
-0.17627716064453125,
-0.393310546875,
-0.1084442138671875,
0.372222900390625,
0.006537914276123047,
0.393585205078125,
0.185394287109375,
0.00476837158203125,
-0.021404266357421875,
0.2722625732421875,
-0.2525177001953125,
0.2179107666015625,
0.0037832260131835938,
-0.14060211181640625,
-0.038797855377197266,
0.55224609375,
0.328460693359375,
0.248931884765625,
0.324310302734375,
-0.09709453582763672,
0.03099149465560913,
-0.39276123046875,
-0.12022018432617188,
0.652252197265625,
-0.236663818359375,
0.2963714599609375,
0.65948486328125,
-0.25591278076171875,
0.458343505859375,
0.037695884704589844,
0.404205322265625,
0.07279205322265625,
-0.1449747085571289,
-0.45098876953125,
0.234588623046875,
0.192535400390625,
-0.48602294921875,
0.07830047607421875,
-0.2102508544921875,
-0.1453571319580078,
-0.23064422607421875,
0.2708892822265625,
0.005319476127624512,
0.3059234619140625,
0.7144775390625,
-0.23993682861328125,
0.21218490600585938,
-0.325164794921875,
0.34735107421875,
0.4853038787841797,
-0.029099464416503906,
-0.192626953125,
0.10790634155273438,
-0.27459716796875,
-0.40228271484375,
0.372955322265625,
0.449981689453125,
-0.119049072265625,
-0.40789794921875,
0.04396820068359375,
0.536468505859375,
0.2917633056640625,
0.261871337890625,
0.14757537841796875,
-0.336578369140625,
0.053806304931640625,
0.41973876953125,
-0.27471923828125,
0.2069091796875,
-0.03776741027832031,
0.04829978942871094,
0.36175537109375,
0.013293266296386719,
0.06380844116210938,
0.05685901641845703,
0.458160400390625,
-0.08444762229919434,
0.30423736572265625,
-0.16718673706054688,
-0.10103225708007812,
0.01022028923034668,
-0.09139251708984375,
0.1192331314086914,
-0.09603118896484375,
0.19337844848632812,
-0.12360277771949768,
0.29620361328125,
0.1414947509765625,
0.010811805725097656,
0.044338226318359375,
0.1835479736328125,
0.3412322998046875,
0.5194091796875,
0.31134033203125,
-0.017328262329101562,
-0.18822479248046875,
0.009124755859375,
0.305328369140625,
0.40972900390625,
0.06387615203857422,
0.06474876403808594,
0.2410125732421875,
0.007253170013427734,
0.066619873046875,
0.3311767578125,
-0.294158935546875,
-0.3557281494140625,
0.1407623291015625,
0.241729736328125,
-0.4964599609375,
0.23187255859375,
0.363494873046875,
-0.35888671875,
-0.07783794403076172,
-0.09249687194824219,
-0.07995223999023438,
0.476715087890625,
0.07360458374023438,
0.02152395248413086,
-0.52630615234375,
0.019167423248291016,
0.2360076904296875,
0.57708740234375,
-0.05001258850097656,
-0.2347412109375,
-0.040065765380859375,
0.133697509765625,
0.10803985595703125,
-0.026967525482177734,
0.134674072265625,
0.116302490234375,
0.490814208984375,
-0.1669158935546875,
0.054594993591308594,
0.70428466796875,
-0.01152181625366211,
-0.493804931640625,
0.024386882781982422,
0.22694015502929688,
-0.16016387939453125,
0.23919677734375,
0.38677978515625,
-0.401458740234375,
-0.146514892578125,
0.410552978515625,
0.306488037109375,
0.52587890625,
0.50091552734375,
-0.3400726318359375,
0.322662353515625,
0.0715341567993164,
-0.23505401611328125,
0.10078048706054688,
-0.357757568359375,
0.013966560363769531,
0.338958740234375,
-0.06341552734375,
-0.04358196258544922,
-0.332275390625,
0.2634735107421875,
0.43560791015625,
0.15527915954589844,
0.1660308837890625,
-0.00787043571472168,
0.266510009765625,
-0.026763200759887695,
0.36004638671875,
-0.10847091674804688,
0.42181396484375,
0.0363461971282959,
-0.431060791015625,
0.12189483642578125,
0.2528076171875,
-0.04732513427734375,
0.19754791259765625,
0.19135284423828125,
0.1939239501953125,
-0.2574920654296875,
-0.380279541015625,
0.207275390625,
0.012613296508789062,
0.07450485229492188,
0.18743133544921875,
-0.12091064453125,
0.101470947265625,
0.4478759765625,
0.06892514228820801,
0.70391845703125,
0.471588134765625,
0.329864501953125,
-0.2943572998046875,
0.06236553192138672,
0.1948699951171875,
0.14129066467285156,
0.022663116455078125,
0.18738555908203125,
0.1879425048828125,
-0.20403289794921875,
-0.1878204345703125,
-0.10670089721679688,
-0.11573028564453125,
0.1238555908203125,
-0.1648101806640625,
0.14438629150390625,
0.2158966064453125,
-0.390960693359375,
-0.498992919921875,
-0.038555145263671875,
0.11644744873046875,
0.50579833984375,
0.38519287109375,
0.3298187255859375,
0.5789794921875,
0.2113494873046875,
0.047550201416015625,
-0.3130645751953125,
-0.20462799072265625,
0.285736083984375,
0.2505340576171875,
0.2148895263671875,
-0.1963958740234375,
0.13509750366210938,
0.149871826171875,
0.188507080078125,
-0.1669769287109375,
-0.2546234130859375,
0.0486297607421875,
0.15663909912109375,
0.44793701171875,
0.241851806640625,
0.1911468505859375,
0.1682891845703125,
0.41278076171875,
0.10970687866210938,
0.4140625,
4.28515625,
0.408203125,
0.17391586303710938,
0.142547607421875,
-0.382843017578125,
-0.03491473197937012,
0.483612060546875,
-0.425323486328125,
0.0733795166015625,
0.11256027221679688,
-0.15615081787109375,
-0.03296351432800293,
-0.2143707275390625,
0.3243865966796875,
0.0245513916015625,
0.017656326293945312,
0.223114013671875,
0.06863522529602051,
-0.060128092765808105,
0.4581298828125,
-0.531036376953125,
0.3133392333984375,
0.3488311767578125,
-0.15978050231933594,
0.2317352294921875,
0.40576171875,
-0.13906478881835938,
-0.11456680297851562,
0.5858154296875,
0.2694091796875,
0.429473876953125,
-0.011825084686279297,
0.11722946166992188,
0.05946636199951172,
-0.3842315673828125,
0.2068634033203125,
0.03702545166015625,
0.264068603515625,
0.135467529296875,
-0.06153106689453125,
-0.16580963134765625,
0.05101203918457031,
0.37640380859375,
0.4962158203125,
0.11241912841796875,
-0.183349609375,
-0.2951507568359375,
0.33734130859375,
-0.1549692153930664,
0.238525390625,
0.54473876953125,
-0.06438064575195312,
0.012732505798339844,
-0.2906494140625,
0.1994466781616211,
0.63970947265625,
0.1473236083984375,
0.16887664794921875,
0.07447624206542969,
0.04121065139770508,
0.07564544677734375,
-0.02799224853515625,
0.33709716796875,
0.013188838958740234,
-0.2140655517578125,
0.19268798828125,
0.223968505859375,
0.09276771545410156,
0.2428741455078125,
-0.2255401611328125,
0.43389892578125,
0.2896881103515625,
0.2163238525390625,
-0.538726806640625,
0.2651214599609375,
-0.005828857421875,
-0.165863037109375,
-0.360870361328125,
-0.1177215576171875,
-0.26044464111328125,
0.12723159790039062,
-0.07015466690063477,
-0.07163137197494507,
0.199798583984375,
-0.0253245010972023,
0.53460693359375,
-0.183135986328125,
-0.426513671875,
0.3582763671875,
0.0683441162109375,
0.173492431640625,
-0.08568954467773438,
0.12837982177734375,
0.19089508056640625,
0.13629150390625,
0.10823440551757812,
-0.2423248291015625,
-4.044921875,
0.0027010440826416016,
0.430938720703125,
-0.216033935546875,
0.14376449584960938,
0.16265869140625,
0.0090789794921875,
0.015233039855957031,
-0.460601806640625,
0.277587890625,
-0.013635635375976562,
-0.03236961364746094,
-0.1246337890625,
0.342864990234375,
0.041996002197265625,
0.14593887329101562,
0.018260955810546875,
0.315460205078125,
0.3287353515625,
-0.20775222778320312,
0.37664794921875,
0.2774505615234375,
0.1837615966796875,
-0.17066192626953125,
-0.15085601806640625,
0.11444473266601562,
0.07648086547851562,
-0.2813720703125,
-0.07075023651123047,
0.2436370849609375,
0.18465423583984375,
0.158966064453125,
0.519500732421875,
-0.249237060546875,
0.13614511489868164,
0.57196044921875,
0.1373748779296875,
0.09779644012451172,
0.1977996826171875,
0.3929443359375,
-0.005200862884521484,
0.2854156494140625,
0.37091064453125,
0.2444915771484375,
0.176116943359375,
0.14155960083007812,
-0.0756683349609375,
0.0071773529052734375,
-0.14278030395507812,
-0.1596527099609375,
0.2082366943359375,
0.1289520263671875,
-0.2089996337890625,
0.15973663330078125,
0.39013671875,
0.02767324447631836,
0.19504547119140625,
0.05133819580078125,
0.3502655029296875,
0.54791259765625,
0.0006394386291503906,
-0.549102783203125,
0.1487579345703125,
-0.22187042236328125,
0.2803955078125,
-0.345672607421875,
0.0556488037109375,
-0.02172565460205078,
0.11659622192382812,
-0.20512771606445312,
-0.2211151123046875,
0.14128875732421875,
0.06324958801269531,
-0.2037353515625,
0.12686538696289062,
0.2541942596435547,
-0.2682952880859375,
-0.21832275390625,
0.81439208984375,
0.3591156005859375,
-0.1573944091796875,
0.321502685546875,
-0.438812255859375,
0.5367431640625,
2.546875,
0.332855224609375,
2.257568359375,
0.558502197265625,
-0.009738922119140625,
0.36968994140625,
-0.17127227783203125,
0.30902099609375,
-0.08197355270385742,
0.06530952453613281,
0.06706523895263672,
0.229766845703125,
-0.15624237060546875,
0.1967010498046875,
0.10097312927246094,
-0.08547210693359375,
0.301666259765625,
-0.729827880859375,
-0.07834243774414062,
0.253936767578125,
0.35150146484375,
0.154632568359375,
-0.007927894592285156,
0.681610107421875,
0.428741455078125,
0.1332244873046875,
0.18825531005859375,
-0.008059263229370117,
-0.1931915283203125,
0.07624626159667969,
-0.08665847778320312,
-0.2606048583984375,
0.296173095703125,
-0.3175201416015625,
0.003520965576171875,
0.06973648071289062,
-0.010156631469726562,
4.7099609375,
0.18738937377929688,
-0.0708155632019043,
-0.297210693359375,
0.12755584716796875,
-0.1722412109375,
0.50653076171875,
0.10841751098632812,
-0.014125823974609375,
0.4456024169921875,
0.26004791259765625,
0.1341533660888672,
0.1284503936767578,
-0.10721778869628906,
0.146453857421875,
0.31378173828125,
0.420166015625,
-0.1622772216796875,
0.10492134094238281,
0.16346359252929688,
-0.07169723510742188,
-0.021051406860351562,
0.03258323669433594,
-0.04345417022705078,
0.06946730613708496,
0.214447021484375,
0.02241295576095581,
0.05230093002319336,
-0.06681632995605469,
-0.008259773254394531,
0.3058929443359375,
5.48486328125,
0.24521636962890625,
0.16617584228515625,
0.07413482666015625,
-0.4329071044921875,
0.27899169921875,
-0.53533935546875,
-0.010223388671875,
-0.28173828125,
-0.04808807373046875,
0.06208038330078125,
0.412109375,
-0.047229766845703125,
0.316314697265625,
0.08012771606445312,
-0.166412353515625,
-0.24822998046875,
0.060970306396484375,
0.11095285415649414,
0.2100830078125,
0.451904296875,
0.25916290283203125,
0.16109466552734375,
-0.273284912109375,
-0.23644399642944336,
-0.15735626220703125,
0.0822916030883789,
0.22357177734375,
0.06718206405639648,
-0.06306600570678711,
0.2576446533203125,
0.276397705078125,
-0.441986083984375,
0.485260009765625,
0.019229888916015625,
0.14403533935546875,
0.51739501953125,
0.1531219482421875,
0.32586669921875,
-0.2632904052734375,
0.192413330078125,
0.317138671875,
-0.1942138671875,
0.3216400146484375,
-0.0068187713623046875,
0.2471771240234375,
-0.16956329345703125,
0.11874008178710938,
0.19400787353515625,
0.2434844970703125,
0.024671554565429688,
0.1094512939453125,
0.824462890625,
-0.171783447265625,
0.2780914306640625,
0.2807464599609375,
0.07100868225097656,
0.009716987609863281,
0.435791015625,
-0.256622314453125,
0.50506591796875,
0.08625030517578125,
-0.08434581756591797,
0.394561767578125,
0.505401611328125,
0.277801513671875,
-0.0039005279541015625,
-0.09070825576782227,
0.610595703125,
-0.4979248046875,
-0.52056884765625,
0.2882080078125,
-0.1234283447265625,
-0.03363990783691406,
-0.219482421875,
-0.1337909698486328,
0.012578964233398438,
-0.19268798828125,
-0.12662124633789062,
-0.021879196166992188,
0.24817657470703125,
-0.2179107666015625,
-0.546661376953125,
-0.12601470947265625,
0.01452493667602539,
0.2166900634765625,
-0.038765907287597656,
0.191131591796875,
0.4142608642578125,
-0.044831275939941406,
0.368255615234375,
-0.15629196166992188,
0.13757109642028809,
0.21619415283203125,
0.25628662109375,
0.11965179443359375,
0.359649658203125,
0.2679443359375,
-0.3324737548828125,
0.10359382629394531,
-0.15586185455322266,
0.07990074157714844,
0.015170574188232422,
-0.224822998046875,
0.1883087158203125,
-0.298980712890625,
-0.01959991455078125,
-0.3000335693359375,
0.19684600830078125,
0.11930084228515625,
0.26092529296875,
0.08470535278320312,
-0.09889411926269531,
-0.20639801025390625,
0.18436431884765625
] |
2074
|
What is the currency of Italy?
|
[
{
"docid": "26067744#15",
"text": "The lira was made the official currency of Italy in 1861 after the Italian unification, however stopped being used in 2002. The euro coinage system entered circulation in Italy in 2002 and is currently the official currency.",
"title": "History of coins in Italy"
},
{
"docid": "26067744#20",
"text": "The lira was the official unit of currency in Italy until 1 January 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on 28 February 2002. The conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro.\nAll lira banknotes in use immediately before the introduction of the euro, as all post WW2 coins, are still exchangeable for euros in all branches of the Bank of Italy until 29 February 2012.",
"title": "History of coins in Italy"
},
{
"docid": "990886#0",
"text": "The lira (; plural lire ) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 and of the Albanian Kingdom between 1941 and 1943. Between 1999 and 2002, the Italian lira was officially a national subunit of the euro. However, cash payments could be made in lira only, as euro coins or notes were not yet available. The lira was also the currency of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy between 1807 and 1814.",
"title": "Italian lira"
},
{
"docid": "990886#5",
"text": "The lira was the official unit of currency in Italy until January 1, 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002). Old lira denominated currency ceased to be legal tender on February 28, 2002. The conversion rate is 1,936.27 lire to the euro.",
"title": "Italian lira"
},
{
"docid": "14532#88",
"text": "Italy is part of the European single market which represents more than 500 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Italy introduced the common European currency, the Euro in 2002. It is a member of the Eurozone which represents around 330 million citizens. Its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank.",
"title": "Italy"
},
{
"docid": "26067744#16",
"text": "Upon the creation of the Kingdom of Italy under Vittorio Emanuele II (1861), a unified lira was established, at 4.5 grams of silver or 290.322 milligrams of gold. This was a direct continuation of the Sardinian lira. Other currencies replaced by the Italian lira included the Lombardy-Venetia pound, the Two Sicilies piastra, the Tuscan fiorino, the Papal States scudo and the Parman lira. In 1865, Italy formed part of the Latin Monetary Union in which the lira was set as equal to, among others, the French, Belgian and Swiss francs: in fact, until the introduction of the euro in 2002, people speaking the Gallo-Italic dialects in north-western Italy usually called \"\"franc\"\" the lira.",
"title": "History of coins in Italy"
},
{
"docid": "990886#2",
"text": "The lira was established at 4.5 grams of silver or 290.322 milligrams of gold. This was a direct continuation of the Sardinian lira. Other currencies replaced by the Italian lira included the Lombardy-Venetia pound, the Two Sicilies piastra, the Tuscan fiorino, the Papal States scudo and the Parman lira. In 1865, Italy formed part of the Latin Monetary Union in which the lira was set as equal to, among others, the French, Belgian and Swiss francs: in fact, in various Gallo-Italic languages in north-western Italy, the lira was outright called \"\"franc\"\". This practice has obviously ended with the introduction of the euro in 2002.",
"title": "Italian lira"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "26067744#8",
"text": "The Parman lira was Parma's official currency before 1802, and later revived from 1815 to 1859. The Duchy of Parma had its own coinage system until it was made a part of France in 1802. This lira was subdivided into 20 \"soldi\" (singular: \"soldo\"), each of 12 \"denari\" (singular: \"denaro\"), with the \"sesino\" worth 6 denari and the \"ducato\" was worth 7 lire. The currency was replaced by the French franc.",
"title": "History of coins in Italy"
},
{
"docid": "28084529#0",
"text": "The quattrino is an ancient Italian currency denomination largely used in Central Italy, especially in Tuscany and Rome. Its name derives from the Latin \"quater denari\", because its value was equal to four \"denari\". Consequently, its value was one third of a soldo. It disappeared after the unification of Italy in 1861, when the Italian lira was introduced as an equivalent of the french franc.",
"title": "Quattrino"
},
{
"docid": "26294015#15",
"text": "On 15 May 1991, Italy became the fourth worldwide economic power, overcoming France, called the \"secondo sorpasso\" with a GDP of US$1.268 trillion, compared to France's GDP of US$1.209 trillion and Britain's of US$1.087 trillion. Despite the alleged 1987 GDP growth of 18% according to the Economist's Italy was then re-overtaken by all countries due to currency value change.",
"title": "Economic history of Italy"
}
] |
[
-0.0948757603764534,
0.32879638671875,
-0.0019904242362827063,
0.0402865931391716,
0.2160780131816864,
0.1097547709941864,
0.60400390625,
-0.3694118857383728,
0.2115478515625,
0.3636339008808136,
-0.1482815146446228,
-0.1589762419462204,
-0.2654758095741272,
-0.1964518278837204,
-0.06562508642673492,
0.0540991872549057,
0.3838433027267456,
-0.0363210029900074,
-0.1318155974149704,
0.0382486991584301,
-0.1214396134018898,
0.6122233271598816,
-0.04747772216796875,
-0.1177842915058136,
-0.2896050214767456,
0.2557373046875,
-0.4225531816482544,
0.3149820864200592,
-0.3400065004825592,
0.2925754189491272,
0.5225422978401184,
0.0872734934091568,
0.018839094787836075,
0.3709038496017456,
-0.1277754008769989,
0.2710028886795044,
-0.1598849892616272,
0.03322262316942215,
-0.0192837193608284,
-0.2599283754825592,
-0.0865003764629364,
0.1239963099360466,
0.5176323652267456,
-0.10212940722703934,
0.3320990800857544,
-0.4565972089767456,
-0.0791982039809227,
0.0727420374751091,
-0.1567654013633728,
0.2446221262216568,
-0.00737762451171875,
0.3337419331073761,
0.0906982421875,
-0.1223008930683136,
-0.3670111894607544,
0.3010796308517456,
-0.2685275673866272,
0.7183701992034912,
0.4064127504825592,
0.1250203400850296,
0.3901095986366272,
0.2295396625995636,
0.1763916015625,
-0.419921875,
0.02089521661400795,
0.3872341513633728,
-0.0958743616938591,
0.09326171875,
0.4756673276424408,
0.1612413227558136,
-0.1491970419883728,
0.5673556923866272,
0.2601589560508728,
0.02150980569422245,
-0.1306966096162796,
-0.2188924103975296,
-0.096282958984375,
0.3525661826133728,
0.2876926064491272,
-0.10333251953125,
0.4332004189491272,
-0.4246690571308136,
0.0902591273188591,
-0.0824144184589386,
-0.046060774475336075,
0.5801323652267456,
-0.0932634174823761,
0.4379068911075592,
0.2074924111366272,
0.5762532353401184,
0.1987982839345932,
0.2460055947303772,
-0.0464002825319767,
-0.2672933042049408,
0.2443372905254364,
0.3243543803691864,
0.2389322966337204,
-0.0012177361641079187,
-0.10894775390625,
-0.2963324785232544,
0.0423041433095932,
-0.1703999787569046,
-0.166046142578125,
0.1355319619178772,
0.5512152910232544,
-0.4439561665058136,
-0.03218820318579674,
0.011403401382267475,
0.3003472089767456,
-0.1232248917222023,
0.153564453125,
-0.1459418386220932,
-0.2205403596162796,
0.07648129016160965,
-0.1714816689491272,
-0.0439249686896801,
0.0980428084731102,
0.146697998046875,
-0.0606757253408432,
-0.5260145664215088,
0.1688368022441864,
0.1406995952129364,
-0.2690565288066864,
-0.2402750700712204,
-0.008095847442746162,
-0.1286688894033432,
0.5850422978401184,
-0.1762152761220932,
0.6584201455116272,
0.2589111328125,
0.01681632548570633,
0.04719124361872673,
0.3890787661075592,
0.3824869692325592,
-0.0255110003054142,
-0.0614505335688591,
0.2742648720741272,
-0.2479315847158432,
0.124664306640625,
-0.2898152768611908,
-0.03242270275950432,
0.0326266810297966,
-0.040645916014909744,
0.3642442524433136,
0.05818600207567215,
0.0863884836435318,
-0.0750528946518898,
0.3087700605392456,
-0.1907552033662796,
0.1053704172372818,
0.1245320662856102,
0.2808363139629364,
-0.5135633945465088,
0.5111219882965088,
-0.1318698525428772,
0.2658894956111908,
0.5175510048866272,
0.05736149847507477,
0.18408203125,
-0.04821385443210602,
0.7891709804534912,
0.4249674379825592,
-0.0651262104511261,
-0.0531141497194767,
0.4139268696308136,
-0.0092620849609375,
0.1718953400850296,
0.1980556845664978,
0.5536838173866272,
-0.1907958984375,
-0.2686496376991272,
0.1253865510225296,
0.1095614954829216,
0.1393364816904068,
0.08250215649604797,
0.1103786900639534,
-0.4188368022441864,
0.2212558388710022,
0.4530300498008728,
0.2643975019454956,
0.2142130583524704,
0.3040500283241272,
-0.1619025319814682,
0.010022904723882675,
0.6012369990348816,
0.03583357110619545,
-0.07259932905435562,
0.0258043073117733,
-0.3580729067325592,
0.0670759379863739,
0.1625027060508728,
0.1106821671128273,
0.7516276240348816,
-0.3475884199142456,
0.5621744990348816,
0.1732822060585022,
-0.3137749433517456,
0.4494357705116272,
-0.2058376669883728,
0.3270941972732544,
-0.1176995187997818,
0.011242654174566269,
-0.5925564169883728,
0.09937158972024918,
0.2543674111366272,
-0.1667887419462204,
-0.0578715018928051,
-0.010442097671329975,
-0.2365383505821228,
0.08582475781440735,
0.0268427524715662,
-0.033420562744140625,
0.5400119423866272,
0.1360355019569397,
-0.0656670480966568,
0.2213999480009079,
0.08693080395460129,
-0.2454766184091568,
0.4665256142616272,
-0.018276162445545197,
0.1344061940908432,
0.1972385048866272,
-0.14004220068454742,
-0.1296725869178772,
-0.008973651565611362,
-0.1668701171875,
-0.1924235075712204,
-0.5960286259651184,
0.2018500417470932,
0.5,
0.01566399447619915,
-0.11022356152534485,
0.071380615234375,
0.015864690765738487,
0.1515909880399704,
0.1798333078622818,
-0.2287055104970932,
-0.005649566650390625,
-0.0422922782599926,
0.0993991419672966,
0.3811849057674408,
-0.0381808802485466,
-0.044830322265625,
-0.2220594584941864,
0.5865885615348816,
-0.1487291157245636,
0.0718112513422966,
0.08388248831033707,
-0.2773030698299408,
-0.05461438372731209,
-0.1090799942612648,
0.2239583283662796,
0.1227891743183136,
0.1757405549287796,
-0.3876410722732544,
0.1351182758808136,
0.010274250991642475,
-0.17510986328125,
0.11889394372701645,
0.0727284774184227,
-0.0575985386967659,
0.0399542897939682,
0.3888075053691864,
-0.0773451030254364,
-0.3265109658241272,
0.1644490510225296,
0.07714809477329254,
0.4388292133808136,
-0.0809529647231102,
0.06785286962985992,
0.4071994423866272,
0.2662489116191864,
0.1671006977558136,
0.4011637270450592,
-0.0555674247443676,
-0.1445295512676239,
0.2562391459941864,
0.3626166582107544,
-0.5502658486366272,
0.3778482973575592,
0.3684760332107544,
-0.0093833077698946,
-0.1320258229970932,
-0.1591627299785614,
0.0807783305644989,
0.281494140625,
0.2743191123008728,
0.1191524937748909,
-0.2576090395450592,
0.1568128764629364,
0.4444986879825592,
0.3649088442325592,
0.3237575888633728,
-0.0873955637216568,
-0.11297353357076645,
0.10496775060892105,
0.3642306923866272,
-0.2051459401845932,
0.349853515625,
0.0858612060546875,
0.6007215976715088,
-0.1899058073759079,
0.1159328892827034,
0.6787651777267456,
0.2229682058095932,
-0.10089111328125,
0.2524956464767456,
0.09146033227443695,
0.12029562890529633,
0.005071163177490234,
0.7278645634651184,
-0.1238606795668602,
0.0776028111577034,
0.5478244423866272,
0.1247490793466568,
0.345458984375,
0.3041720986366272,
-0.0821973979473114,
0.4118245542049408,
0.3204210102558136,
-0.0427737757563591,
-0.1829291433095932,
-0.1956380158662796,
-0.1099955216050148,
0.4397786557674408,
-0.5110948085784912,
0.2927110493183136,
-0.5648057460784912,
0.4145236611366272,
-0.2293429970741272,
0.3315972089767456,
0.1669243723154068,
-0.3226318359375,
-0.2840711772441864,
0.1136542409658432,
0.4515787661075592,
-0.1104838028550148,
0.3070339560508728,
-0.03596602380275726,
-0.2911376953125,
0.1986219584941864,
-0.1169840469956398,
-0.1636488139629364,
0.3033854067325592,
-0.2503730058670044,
0.08353254199028015,
0.1294047087430954,
0.06578954309225082,
0.3763834536075592,
-0.1455010324716568,
-0.3983018696308136,
0.2725423276424408,
-0.0703633651137352,
0.1872626394033432,
0.4615071713924408,
0.12200927734375,
-0.031534407287836075,
0.2637295126914978,
0.1230672225356102,
-0.3528103232383728,
0.2638210654258728,
0.3023274838924408,
0.4930284321308136,
0.15887451171875,
0.3356119692325592,
0.4010959267616272,
0.02026144601404667,
-0.2580024003982544,
-0.026585472747683525,
0.1880764365196228,
-0.04551294073462486,
-0.2630208432674408,
0.01604376919567585,
-0.2023044228553772,
-0.3699272871017456,
-0.1629231721162796,
0.2336968332529068,
0.01523759588599205,
0.6024848222732544,
0.0361836738884449,
0.3123100996017456,
0.349609375,
0.4003363847732544,
0.00562201626598835,
0.1328125,
-0.2570326030254364,
0.2880927324295044,
-0.0336829274892807,
-0.2106797993183136,
-0.3387857973575592,
0.1644015908241272,
-0.1095377579331398,
0.08561793714761734,
-0.3781195878982544,
-0.1738756000995636,
0.08295313268899918,
-0.022705713286995888,
0.2194146066904068,
0.1406080424785614,
-0.1679280549287796,
0.1673583984375,
0.3697645366191864,
0.2018093466758728,
0.2667507529258728,
4.200520992279053,
0.1201612651348114,
0.02831268310546875,
0.141693115234375,
-0.3478461503982544,
-0.0868445485830307,
0.3823513388633728,
-0.2477077841758728,
-0.132232666015625,
-0.07065412402153015,
-0.1098429337143898,
-0.01610310934484005,
0.2027994841337204,
0.006771511398255825,
-0.1092478409409523,
0.2581380307674408,
0.4504665732383728,
0.040191650390625,
0.0830976665019989,
0.1935899555683136,
-0.3878038227558136,
-0.05022938922047615,
0.1143459752202034,
0.5958387851715088,
0.4898003339767456,
0.5778537392616272,
0.05429331585764885,
0.0992974191904068,
0.5421820878982544,
0.3778754472732544,
0.289794921875,
0.03316137567162514,
0.2964273989200592,
-0.11266284435987473,
-0.589599609375,
0.11620288342237473,
0.7802734375,
-0.010403103195130825,
-0.0652533620595932,
-0.0456356480717659,
-0.3913031816482544,
0.2359890341758728,
0.1875372976064682,
0.4956597089767456,
0.00016445583605673164,
0.1808268278837204,
-0.1909213662147522,
0.3935818076133728,
-0.08473629504442215,
0.0834079310297966,
0.1543443500995636,
-0.1352437287569046,
-0.2241075336933136,
0.0503048375248909,
0.2002054899930954,
0.4594455361366272,
0.3155653178691864,
0.7918022871017456,
0.1903618723154068,
-0.0783114954829216,
-0.0402798131108284,
-0.2200249582529068,
0.4144422709941864,
-0.0823788121342659,
-0.2087266743183136,
-0.0620744489133358,
-0.1710883229970932,
0.114776611328125,
0.2210896760225296,
-0.4460042417049408,
0.2753126323223114,
0.2830268144607544,
0.3468695878982544,
0.06109820306301117,
0.1122504323720932,
0.1532965749502182,
-0.5093587040901184,
-0.33349609375,
0.1129319965839386,
-0.1580132395029068,
0.2811008095741272,
-0.2871772050857544,
-0.2657877504825592,
0.0566270612180233,
-0.1291775107383728,
0.5393337607383728,
0.2856716513633728,
0.0926683247089386,
0.2889336347579956,
0.0420549176633358,
0.3819444477558136,
0.07750532031059265,
0.5584309697151184,
0.1482815146446228,
0.2890353798866272,
0.1079779714345932,
-0.11956363171339035,
-4.049045085906982,
0.037586212158203125,
0.2567816972732544,
-0.2888454794883728,
-0.007861667312681675,
0.0186318289488554,
0.1925455778837204,
0.1106482595205307,
-0.3483072817325592,
-0.2188144326210022,
0.07094277441501617,
0.2315266877412796,
-0.33056640625,
0.6608615517616272,
0.1076490581035614,
0.2546183168888092,
-0.055524297058582306,
0.30224609375,
0.1597086638212204,
-0.1500142365694046,
0.0803426131606102,
-0.10160742700099945,
0.0840657576918602,
-0.4042697548866272,
-0.03377532958984375,
0.1426934152841568,
-0.2483588308095932,
-0.0874379500746727,
0.2649196982383728,
0.3025987446308136,
-0.1243523508310318,
0.49267578125,
0.5220811367034912,
-0.0706244558095932,
0.06957414746284485,
0.2543674111366272,
0.5153672695159912,
-0.1370985209941864,
0.2670084536075592,
0.08227496594190598,
0.1356709748506546,
-0.0892740860581398,
0.2347412109375,
0.2286241352558136,
0.04709646478295326,
0.0586615651845932,
-0.1379547119140625,
0.1157328262925148,
0.08659616857767105,
0.012225680984556675,
0.9150390625,
0.2297634482383728,
0.0018895467510446906,
0.00549994595348835,
0.4631618857383728,
-0.00540924072265625,
0.2882961630821228,
-0.2588636577129364,
0.4122992753982544,
-0.10271453857421875,
0.1647813618183136,
0.0587344691157341,
0.1663275808095932,
0.0479312464594841,
0.1959313303232193,
-0.1486341655254364,
-0.1894463449716568,
0.3097466230392456,
-0.2577175498008728,
-0.2994316816329956,
0.1035834401845932,
0.2141384482383728,
0.4351942241191864,
0.4964464008808136,
0.14193195104599,
0.0670335590839386,
-0.3025716245174408,
0.2036675363779068,
0.505859375,
-0.1321377158164978,
-0.0338541679084301,
0.3881293535232544,
-0.3523763120174408,
-0.01599799282848835,
2.321180582046509,
0.5434841513633728,
2.132920980453491,
0.2083062082529068,
0.0503980852663517,
0.1729397177696228,
0.0589345283806324,
0.3335232138633728,
0.3547092080116272,
0.0396948903799057,
-0.1203681081533432,
0.12567138671875,
-0.2925889790058136,
0.01694573275744915,
0.06661902368068695,
0.0933702290058136,
0.4076877236366272,
-0.9018012285232544,
0.2427978515625,
-0.1415812224149704,
0.3248155415058136,
0.3392198383808136,
-0.2967936098575592,
0.0468665212392807,
0.3667534589767456,
-0.1420220285654068,
-0.02074601873755455,
0.6094021201133728,
-0.0650906041264534,
-0.5726182460784912,
-0.2182142436504364,
0.0742289200425148,
0.71044921875,
0.29738277196884155,
0.1649644672870636,
0.0938805490732193,
-0.1083272323012352,
4.720920085906982,
0.07167710363864899,
0.0031960804481059313,
-0.0821668803691864,
0.1949055939912796,
0.2533026933670044,
0.2867974042892456,
-0.11407470703125,
0.2530110776424408,
0.08542633056640625,
0.3516303300857544,
-0.0738016739487648,
-0.1227654367685318,
0.1292860209941864,
0.3611924946308136,
0.3597547709941864,
0.2683647871017456,
-0.0356716588139534,
-0.1117350235581398,
-0.1282755583524704,
0.2168782502412796,
0.07067404687404633,
-0.0612453892827034,
-0.0921444371342659,
-0.015536838211119175,
0.2462700754404068,
0.1213853657245636,
-0.2528482973575592,
-0.0672268345952034,
0.3772515058517456,
0.09513643383979797,
5.50390625,
0.3641493022441864,
0.0660586878657341,
0.07013532519340515,
-0.1398417204618454,
0.0054982504807412624,
-0.3731825053691864,
-0.1288519948720932,
-0.2494574636220932,
-0.0798916295170784,
-0.3320854902267456,
0.04545508325099945,
-0.2492336630821228,
0.3617401123046875,
-0.0659586563706398,
0.2073398232460022,
-0.0068113538436591625,
-0.2391221821308136,
0.4379340410232544,
-0.0916951522231102,
0.3560519814491272,
-0.0073691476136446,
0.1856960654258728,
-0.2585178017616272,
0.3401014506816864,
-0.0099656842648983,
0.058686334639787674,
0.1318901926279068,
0.1377156525850296,
-0.0639444962143898,
0.3145616352558136,
0.3741048276424408,
0.00673760287463665,
0.2693684995174408,
-0.3105875551700592,
0.3663465678691864,
0.2120361328125,
0.06348080188035965,
0.7354058027267456,
-0.03236813098192215,
0.4743109941482544,
0.4697265625,
0.4764268696308136,
0.0329522043466568,
0.033031780272722244,
-0.0213758684694767,
-0.2406819611787796,
0.0902252197265625,
0.07494643330574036,
0.0899590402841568,
-0.0846727192401886,
-0.0016140408115461469,
0.7783203125,
-0.2993706464767456,
0.3558824360370636,
0.4986165463924408,
-0.2818467915058136,
0.3772108256816864,
0.03582170233130455,
-0.2183159738779068,
0.2543674111366272,
0.15908390283584595,
0.0750257670879364,
0.4712999165058136,
0.4058702290058136,
0.3834364116191864,
0.15419091284275055,
-0.0706549733877182,
0.6764323115348816,
0.0802629292011261,
-0.2008192241191864,
-0.4099934995174408,
-0.03441853076219559,
0.2604641318321228,
-0.0231289342045784,
0.02398003451526165,
0.2399224191904068,
-0.3515082597732544,
0.3837755024433136,
0.2398342490196228,
-0.016326479613780975,
-0.1975233256816864,
-0.2196044921875,
0.0265011265873909,
-0.03310563787817955,
0.2059495747089386,
-0.2600165605545044,
-0.2269558310508728,
0.3228759765625,
0.055472731590270996,
0.1905381977558136,
0.18524996936321259,
0.03805796429514885,
0.3554145097732544,
0.3126899003982544,
0.1583964079618454,
0.1584676057100296,
0.0175001360476017,
-0.0490654855966568,
0.0264248326420784,
-0.6160210371017456,
0.332855224609375,
0.2115071564912796,
-0.3157280683517456,
0.3266059160232544,
-0.2966172993183136,
-0.3429768979549408,
-0.3835178017616272,
0.1771070659160614,
-0.02146233431994915,
0.3565538227558136,
0.2760823667049408,
-0.2470974326133728,
-0.0944264754652977,
-0.2270100861787796
] |
2075
|
When was the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta written?
|
[
{
"docid": "1884234#0",
"text": "The Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (\"Correctly Established Doctrine of Brahma\", abbreviated BSS)\nis the main work of Brahmagupta, written c. 628. Τhis text of mathematical astronomy contains significant mathematical content, including a good understanding of the role of zero, rules for manipulating both negative and positive numbers, a method for computing square roots, methods of solving linear and quadratic equations, and rules for summing series, Brahmagupta's identity, and Brahmagupta’s theorem.",
"title": "Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta"
},
{
"docid": "59217#68",
"text": "The Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (597–668 AD) explicitly described the quadratic formula in his treatise \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\" published in 628 AD, but written in words instead of symbols. His solution of the quadratic equation was as follows: \"To the absolute number multiplied by four times the [coefficient of the] square, add the square of the [coefficient of the] middle term; the square root of the same, less the [coefficient of the] middle term, being divided by twice the [coefficient of the] square is the value.\"\nThis is equivalent to:",
"title": "Quadratic formula"
},
{
"docid": "251478#9",
"text": "In 628, the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta wrote \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\" which includes, among many other things, a study of equations of the form . In particular he considered what is now called Pell's equation, , and found a method for its solution. In Europe this problem was studied by Brouncker, Euler and Lagrange.",
"title": "Quadratic form"
},
{
"docid": "297206#0",
"text": "Brahmagupta () (born , died ) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is the author of two early works on mathematics and astronomy: the \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\" (BSS, \"correctly established doctrine of Brahma\", dated 628), a theoretical treatise, and the \"Khaṇḍakhādyaka\" (\"edible bite\", dated 665), a more practical text.",
"title": "Brahmagupta"
},
{
"docid": "297206#4",
"text": "In the year 628, at an age of 30, he composed the \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\" (the improved treatise of Brahma) which is believed to be a revised version of the received \"siddhanta\" of the Brahmapaksha school. Scholars state that he incorporated a great deal of originality to his revision, adding a considerable amount of new material. The book consists of 24 chapters with 1008 verses in the ārya metre. A good deal of it is astronomy, but it also contains key chapters on mathematics, including algebra, geometry, trigonometry and algorithmics, which are believed to contain new insights due to Brahmagupta himself.",
"title": "Brahmagupta"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1884234#1",
"text": "The book was written completely in verse and does not contain any kind of mathematical notation. Nevertheless, it contained the first clear description of the quadratic formula (the solution of the quadratic equation).",
"title": "Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta"
},
{
"docid": "1741183#2",
"text": "The \"Zīj\", written around 770, was based on a Sanskrit work, thought to be similar to the \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\". This work was brought to the court of al-Mansūr from Sindh, reportedly by a Sindhi astronomer named Kankah.",
"title": "Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq"
},
{
"docid": "185663#8",
"text": "The \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\" of Brahmagupta (598–668) is the earliest known text to treat zero as a number in its own right and to define operations involving zero. The author could not explain division by zero in his texts: his definition can be easily proven to lead to algebraic absurdities. According to Brahmagupta,",
"title": "Division by zero"
},
{
"docid": "1741105#3",
"text": "Along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq and his father he helped translate the Indian astronomical text by Brahmagupta (fl. 7th century), the \"Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta\", into Arabic as \"Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab\"., or the \"Sindhind\". This translation was possibly the vehicle by means of which the Hindu numerals were transmitted from India to Islam.",
"title": "Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī"
},
{
"docid": "708399#27",
"text": "Brahmagupta's Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta is the first book that mentions zero as a number, hence Brahmagupta is considered the first to formulate the concept of zero. The current system of the four fundamental operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) based on the Hindu-Arabic number system also first appeared in Brahmasphutasiddhanta. It was also one of the first texts to provide concrete ideas on positive and negative numbers.",
"title": "List of important publications in mathematics"
}
] |
[
0.2884483337402344,
0.604644775390625,
-0.10859060287475586,
0.07640504837036133,
0.28675246238708496,
-0.2195453643798828,
0.02926012873649597,
-0.3253326416015625,
0.12034249305725098,
0.5073089599609375,
-0.03222084045410156,
-0.31701183319091797,
-0.2611503601074219,
0.09977912902832031,
-0.431060791015625,
0.05983251333236694,
0.23470687866210938,
-0.26633453369140625,
-0.08369636535644531,
0.18873977661132812,
0.23958778381347656,
0.3508148193359375,
0.23001670837402344,
-0.0798187255859375,
-0.032742977142333984,
0.361297607421875,
0.004048824310302734,
0.1204214096069336,
-0.27768516540527344,
0.3982391357421875,
0.3704833984375,
-0.1924295425415039,
0.07082731276750565,
0.40122032165527344,
-0.2761545181274414,
0.2577190399169922,
-0.2083876132965088,
-0.05076265335083008,
-0.12251472473144531,
-0.16492533683776855,
-0.007074594497680664,
0.13126754760742188,
0.16434097290039062,
0.0606684684753418,
0.5947341918945312,
0.008441329002380371,
0.08737754821777344,
0.0012674331665039062,
-0.12711048126220703,
-0.056947946548461914,
-0.45641326904296875,
-0.3608579635620117,
-0.20839691162109375,
0.00020456314086914062,
-0.65728759765625,
0.49664306640625,
-0.562255859375,
0.5115814208984375,
-0.029597759246826172,
0.2939453125,
0.11984407901763916,
-0.133056640625,
-0.3146553039550781,
0.07566308975219727,
0.46188926696777344,
0.008920669555664062,
-0.09674692153930664,
0.2578190267086029,
0.16570281982421875,
0.22457122802734375,
-0.07864809036254883,
0.33628082275390625,
0.2719402313232422,
0.17109298706054688,
-0.20791244506835938,
-0.11030006408691406,
0.2610950469970703,
0.20828819274902344,
0.1678791046142578,
-0.06247520446777344,
0.4677391052246094,
-0.274261474609375,
0.034766197204589844,
-0.06124114990234375,
-0.5694427490234375,
0.581207275390625,
-0.05675506591796875,
0.4339447021484375,
0.17475318908691406,
0.665008544921875,
0.08244729042053223,
0.1603260040283203,
-0.15742874145507812,
0.04304361343383789,
0.23268508911132812,
0.1966867446899414,
0.3050117492675781,
-0.18803679943084717,
-0.003901958465576172,
-0.07238388061523438,
0.21491432189941406,
-0.3904266357421875,
-0.27010154724121094,
0.00008726119995117188,
0.38985443115234375,
-0.36553955078125,
-0.32279205322265625,
0.04865217208862305,
0.36957550048828125,
0.21006202697753906,
0.6431427001953125,
-0.24578475952148438,
-0.0705256462097168,
-0.30374908447265625,
0.11643242835998535,
0.40398406982421875,
0.5265235900878906,
-0.3688812255859375,
-0.29407134652137756,
-1.0040283203125,
0.69256591796875,
0.17244434356689453,
-0.22567176818847656,
0.2006545066833496,
0.16364479064941406,
-0.14314746856689453,
0.48828125,
-0.0015740394592285156,
0.5129241943359375,
0.6765289306640625,
0.03804779052734375,
0.543304443359375,
0.6020660400390625,
0.51416015625,
0.951446533203125,
-0.028311897069215775,
-0.12544822692871094,
0.09358596801757812,
-0.3878079652786255,
-0.3453516960144043,
0.03740072250366211,
-0.1923513412475586,
0.3655414581298828,
0.14838314056396484,
-0.21595001220703125,
0.32823944091796875,
-0.00915217399597168,
0.06194496154785156,
-0.05284872651100159,
0.19182634353637695,
0.2027587890625,
0.21527796983718872,
-0.19384193420410156,
0.5618896484375,
-0.13679254055023193,
0.35801124572753906,
0.11843621730804443,
0.13443756103515625,
-0.06389999389648438,
0.29453277587890625,
0.66717529296875,
0.295074462890625,
-0.025470256805419922,
-0.18519210815429688,
0.3504219055175781,
0.2313823699951172,
0.10329651832580566,
0.34271240234375,
0.357513427734375,
0.14927196502685547,
-0.00708317756652832,
0.1701812744140625,
0.73870849609375,
-0.15212202072143555,
0.19565820693969727,
0.04750955104827881,
-0.04085206985473633,
0.18147659301757812,
0.4064311981201172,
0.5694732666015625,
0.13037490844726562,
0.08097362518310547,
0.06792068481445312,
-0.15654516220092773,
0.6665496826171875,
0.13986876606941223,
0.11394119262695312,
0.3373604416847229,
-0.008687734603881836,
0.3248138427734375,
0.18344974517822266,
-0.2742767333984375,
0.6319580078125,
-0.07027149200439453,
-0.2294178009033203,
0.17102432250976562,
-0.4425945281982422,
0.025255203247070312,
-0.11876106262207031,
0.4701690673828125,
-0.11947011947631836,
0.026900768280029297,
-0.6289215087890625,
-0.11060142517089844,
0.1382436752319336,
-0.23502254486083984,
-0.15108299255371094,
0.12685108184814453,
-0.1721935272216797,
-0.36616992950439453,
-0.1092144250869751,
0.024419784545898438,
0.10821151733398438,
0.282958984375,
0.1320352554321289,
0.30976104736328125,
-0.10555696487426758,
-0.11586201190948486,
0.529449462890625,
0.2673149108886719,
-0.2590599060058594,
0.4349517822265625,
-0.32369232177734375,
-0.32320404052734375,
-0.03466606140136719,
-0.2452855110168457,
-0.3420562744140625,
-0.07652926445007324,
0.11527252197265625,
0.4290008544921875,
0.772491455078125,
0.10688591003417969,
-0.05887889862060547,
-0.1660938262939453,
0.7415313720703125,
0.26084136962890625,
0.555908203125,
-0.0399763286113739,
0.07129889726638794,
0.28801679611206055,
0.4844818115234375,
0.453643798828125,
-0.4056434631347656,
-0.026782989501953125,
0.4095001220703125,
0.14587974548339844,
0.4761161804199219,
0.27384185791015625,
-0.10752677917480469,
-0.011261940002441406,
0.2381744384765625,
-0.4667348861694336,
0.09738312661647797,
0.34142303466796875,
-0.09304815530776978,
0.026309937238693237,
-0.00188446044921875,
-0.26598453521728516,
0.4008559584617615,
0.0057756900787353516,
0.607635498046875,
0.039089202880859375,
0.36908721923828125,
0.5218658447265625,
-0.4846954345703125,
-0.1281423568725586,
-0.16555404663085938,
0.3538055419921875,
-0.08513760566711426,
0.2786293029785156,
0.6203155517578125,
-0.25620460510253906,
-0.11860084533691406,
0.23601913452148438,
-0.0996255874633789,
0.03681766986846924,
-0.006582379341125488,
0.11256766319274902,
-0.17524337768554688,
-0.21832406520843506,
0.15736103057861328,
0.150171160697937,
-0.03611016273498535,
0.1848125457763672,
0.08748173713684082,
0.1379690170288086,
0.03197765350341797,
0.10123801231384277,
-0.47479248046875,
-0.006394863128662109,
0.10123014450073242,
0.72698974609375,
0.011630058288574219,
-0.63287353515625,
-0.053668975830078125,
-0.09980916976928711,
0.5364990234375,
-0.1161966323852539,
0.26769256591796875,
-0.09168696403503418,
0.20174026489257812,
-0.478790283203125,
0.04409196227788925,
0.62689208984375,
0.03592252731323242,
-0.4264678955078125,
-0.30532121658325195,
0.3566436767578125,
0.22832608222961426,
0.15545082092285156,
-0.01056671142578125,
-0.69580078125,
-0.3626556396484375,
0.55047607421875,
0.2776031494140625,
0.7078704833984375,
0.017841339111328125,
0.11885976791381836,
0.22040176391601562,
0.1011056900024414,
0.04164886474609375,
-0.6709442138671875,
-0.5180816650390625,
-0.14774703979492188,
0.433349609375,
-0.6161346435546875,
-0.09058189392089844,
-0.5336151123046875,
0.5760269165039062,
0.12180709838867188,
0.16743183135986328,
-0.028560638427734375,
-0.020613431930541992,
0.13349342346191406,
-0.04236710071563721,
0.2608375549316406,
0.17064428329467773,
0.6260833740234375,
-0.15719306468963623,
0.1424158811569214,
-0.17896080017089844,
0.2829875946044922,
0.0491790771484375,
0.39946746826171875,
-0.10750770568847656,
0.0830683708190918,
-0.3059520721435547,
0.15674877166748047,
0.5741119384765625,
-0.2834930419921875,
0.12967634201049805,
0.10359859466552734,
0.0582270622253418,
-0.21011507511138916,
0.018790721893310547,
0.4067420959472656,
0.29425811767578125,
0.0941920280456543,
0.615234375,
-0.2552490234375,
0.27400970458984375,
0.19464111328125,
0.39467906951904297,
0.2893218994140625,
0.4500732421875,
0.07548606395721436,
-0.28899383544921875,
-0.002862095832824707,
-0.561431884765625,
-0.041059255599975586,
0.4456825256347656,
-0.03971695899963379,
0.1298971176147461,
0.020737171173095703,
-0.062351226806640625,
-0.13610601425170898,
-0.18699923157691956,
0.37232208251953125,
0.3750457763671875,
0.4624786376953125,
0.29088592529296875,
0.4546356201171875,
0.480377197265625,
-0.1392230987548828,
-0.4364128112792969,
-0.11369562149047852,
0.21964216232299805,
0.23389339447021484,
-0.0477679967880249,
-0.03530621528625488,
0.3104515075683594,
-0.0838932991027832,
0.2844686508178711,
0.04195833206176758,
-0.16438770294189453,
-0.07156461477279663,
-0.18121623992919922,
0.383941650390625,
0.12460994720458984,
-0.05283927917480469,
0.012491762638092041,
0.28781890869140625,
0.659454345703125,
0.363494873046875,
4.033447265625,
0.23103713989257812,
0.3480377197265625,
-0.1920304298400879,
0.040283918380737305,
0.10918021202087402,
0.47560882568359375,
-0.3647003173828125,
-0.09490373730659485,
0.2693672180175781,
-0.19415760040283203,
0.4457855224609375,
-0.08629417419433594,
0.15142539143562317,
-0.1606292724609375,
0.3074321746826172,
0.22906112670898438,
0.16773223876953125,
0.26883792877197266,
0.637969970703125,
-0.3380889892578125,
0.08843421936035156,
0.10255718231201172,
0.05411577224731445,
0.43567538261413574,
-0.2683258056640625,
-0.13014602661132812,
0.11774063110351562,
0.6036376953125,
0.5089111328125,
0.4187164306640625,
0.13326644897460938,
0.22357749938964844,
0.0029859542846679688,
-0.27607083320617676,
0.3785667419433594,
0.06568241119384766,
0.21461725234985352,
-0.26563262939453125,
0.11704444885253906,
-0.27948760986328125,
-0.09728145599365234,
0.06500101089477539,
0.68115234375,
0.3587767481803894,
-0.1037750244140625,
-0.15837478637695312,
0.5881805419921875,
-0.07803630828857422,
0.5454578399658203,
-0.14556026458740234,
-0.4040374755859375,
-0.029997825622558594,
-0.20325183868408203,
0.19715547561645508,
0.5847930908203125,
0.036313772201538086,
0.4622039794921875,
0.11866450309753418,
0.23251724243164062,
-0.059096336364746094,
0.06525325775146484,
0.05175971984863281,
0.1366710662841797,
-0.2353525161743164,
-0.2565803527832031,
0.4115753173828125,
0.2144794464111328,
0.24901199340820312,
-0.2755413055419922,
0.14722943305969238,
0.19945144653320312,
0.07517004013061523,
-0.09633636474609375,
-0.20332717895507812,
0.0979623794555664,
-0.0075397491455078125,
-0.07410335540771484,
0.2504997253417969,
-0.08820438385009766,
0.3377227783203125,
-0.357452392578125,
-0.0740959644317627,
0.19350051879882812,
0.12702369689941406,
0.4258270263671875,
-0.020569801330566406,
0.10771369934082031,
0.35675048828125,
0.036722660064697266,
0.27669525146484375,
-0.014225959777832031,
-0.08529853820800781,
0.20889997482299805,
0.5425872802734375,
-0.10688066482543945,
-0.07064110040664673,
-4.0797119140625,
0.3512001037597656,
0.26767730712890625,
-0.005523681640625,
0.271514892578125,
-0.02776491641998291,
0.10892510414123535,
-0.05790424346923828,
-0.10424494743347168,
0.4597587585449219,
0.09032249450683594,
0.10631752014160156,
-0.4308624267578125,
0.1408519744873047,
0.047125399112701416,
-0.18888187408447266,
0.2605476379394531,
0.0030167102813720703,
0.12089872360229492,
-0.09615051746368408,
0.15816736221313477,
-0.07195281982421875,
0.4329986572265625,
-0.2041912078857422,
0.3434638977050781,
-0.023781776428222656,
0.09891843795776367,
-0.16515159606933594,
0.2138214111328125,
-0.2079906463623047,
-0.49619293212890625,
-0.023557662963867188,
0.709228515625,
-0.28737640380859375,
0.2291860580444336,
0.5642967224121094,
0.2337055206298828,
0.14254093170166016,
0.38735198974609375,
0.43999195098876953,
-0.4388275146484375,
0.02867889404296875,
0.12030220031738281,
-0.18241500854492188,
0.18105506896972656,
0.3791351318359375,
-0.495758056640625,
-0.011551380157470703,
-0.11439323425292969,
0.15002059936523438,
0.136962890625,
0.006929874420166016,
-0.3195953369140625,
0.03995990753173828,
0.435760498046875,
-0.16825294494628906,
-0.29189109802246094,
0.15899085998535156,
0.41008758544921875,
0.5898590087890625,
0.04456043243408203,
-0.4023017883300781,
0.30776214599609375,
0.2554283142089844,
-0.07419061660766602,
-0.06811904907226562,
0.2888298034667969,
0.3186821937561035,
0.26814746856689453,
-0.6157379150390625,
0.38017213344573975,
0.23886871337890625,
0.10422328114509583,
-0.5551071166992188,
0.2463665008544922,
0.669189453125,
-0.36513519287109375,
-0.12965643405914307,
0.6138153076171875,
0.45436668395996094,
-0.25235843658447266,
0.43132781982421875,
-0.4930572509765625,
0.05936324596405029,
2.54779052734375,
0.18140363693237305,
2.2010498046875,
0.3517303466796875,
0.14996957778930664,
0.2724876403808594,
-0.17923355102539062,
0.35650634765625,
-0.23624610900878906,
-0.104583740234375,
0.10210704803466797,
0.3202199935913086,
0.1081695556640625,
0.3435516357421875,
-0.04484224319458008,
-0.31621551513671875,
0.19374847412109375,
-0.9950942993164062,
-0.09688568115234375,
-0.48650550842285156,
0.2403564453125,
-0.35782718658447266,
0.0852670669555664,
0.4022178649902344,
-0.028774738311767578,
-0.09436702728271484,
-0.317230224609375,
-0.133833110332489,
0.0004405975341796875,
-0.15559029579162598,
0.18475914001464844,
0.4050445556640625,
-0.06718254089355469,
0.023145675659179688,
-0.1503925323486328,
0.06203275918960571,
0.04506063461303711,
4.638427734375,
0.12234306335449219,
-0.09095382690429688,
0.29483234882354736,
-0.08664178848266602,
0.30025482177734375,
0.20929384231567383,
-0.054587364196777344,
-0.01755392551422119,
0.046030640602111816,
0.7322235107421875,
0.4952125549316406,
0.43096160888671875,
-0.11491727828979492,
0.307769775390625,
0.0023393630981445312,
0.21107101440429688,
0.19156837463378906,
-0.08839988708496094,
0.1682586669921875,
0.38832855224609375,
-0.42464447021484375,
0.2696380615234375,
-0.4580535888671875,
0.12673282623291016,
0.23773193359375,
0.1312084197998047,
0.026162147521972656,
-0.003143310546875,
-0.10695385932922363,
0.48956298828125,
5.391845703125,
0.19064712524414062,
0.14797496795654297,
-0.36289215087890625,
0.36476898193359375,
0.4077911376953125,
-0.35181427001953125,
-0.2745246887207031,
0.01598358154296875,
-0.08010005950927734,
0.04240608215332031,
-0.10555863380432129,
-0.050247445702552795,
0.6302871704101562,
-0.15097427368164062,
0.07379961013793945,
-0.38578033447265625,
-0.33060646057128906,
-0.07349967956542969,
-0.25356292724609375,
0.1448955535888672,
-0.31328630447387695,
0.3992919921875,
-0.5173149108886719,
-0.4179234504699707,
0.16617965698242188,
0.10724520683288574,
0.7550048828125,
0.05611419677734375,
0.1459026336669922,
0.34195709228515625,
0.531524658203125,
-0.06334686279296875,
0.275390625,
-0.15886354446411133,
0.38452911376953125,
-0.030673503875732422,
0.18023908138275146,
0.03651618957519531,
0.15030336380004883,
0.48321533203125,
0.38593101501464844,
-0.07355833053588867,
-0.07828903198242188,
-0.3491096496582031,
-0.0851835310459137,
-0.062181830406188965,
-0.0951223373413086,
0.26363182067871094,
0.2749919891357422,
-0.19726943969726562,
-0.010221481323242188,
1.202117919921875,
-0.0923771858215332,
0.19142818450927734,
0.06811714172363281,
0.13846588134765625,
-0.1469411849975586,
0.08124303817749023,
-0.30977630615234375,
0.33249664306640625,
0.01729297637939453,
-0.22545623779296875,
0.40811920166015625,
0.513580322265625,
0.14593422412872314,
0.0189971923828125,
0.04998517036437988,
0.47369384765625,
-0.3604774475097656,
-0.025434672832489014,
0.13433146476745605,
-0.09088528156280518,
0.23879849910736084,
-0.04380512237548828,
0.26386547088623047,
0.631744384765625,
-0.19536209106445312,
0.24260711669921875,
0.15008878707885742,
-0.12524986267089844,
-0.24807167053222656,
-0.42346954345703125,
0.05994987487792969,
0.07652032375335693,
0.06508517265319824,
-0.23693466186523438,
0.02489328384399414,
0.5402755737304688,
-0.14189910888671875,
0.31504058837890625,
-0.23295164108276367,
-0.5066070556640625,
0.6037139892578125,
0.08361327648162842,
0.2556896209716797,
0.2808952331542969,
0.2624702453613281,
0.0654296875,
0.22090744972229004,
-0.0007033348083496094,
0.018912792205810547,
0.1789846420288086,
-0.08666741847991943,
0.08458709716796875,
-0.056986331939697266,
0.0857241153717041,
-0.20168304443359375,
0.3405723571777344,
0.21184825897216797,
0.4257354736328125,
0.381439208984375,
-0.1439666748046875,
0.0018787384033203125,
0.051755428314208984
] |
2076
|
Do Jews believe in angels?
|
[
{
"docid": "7502#55",
"text": "In Judaism, Heaven is sometimes described as a place where God debates Talmudic law with the angels, and where Jews spend eternity studying the Written and Oral Torah. Jews do not believe in \"Hell\" as a place of eternal torment. Gehenna is a place or condition of purgatory where Jews spend up to twelve months purifying to get into heaven, depending on how sinful they have been, although some suggest that certain types of sinners can never be purified enough to go to heaven and rather than facing eternal torment, simply cease to exist. Therefore, some violations like suicide would be punished by separation from the community, such as not being buried in a Jewish cemetery (in practice, rabbis often rule suicides to be mentally incompetent and thus not responsible for their actions). Judaism also does not have a notion of hell as a place ruled by Satan since God's dominion is total and Satan is only one of God's angels.",
"title": "Christianity and Judaism"
},
{
"docid": "5241423#8",
"text": "Although certain ancient groups of Jews appear to have believed in the existence of supernatural evil, in particular fallen angels (as in the Dead Sea scrolls), the \"yetzer hara\" in non-apocryphal sources is presented as a personification of evil distinct from the supernatural Devil of traditional Christianity and Islam. This tendency to demythologize Satan is found in the Babylonian Talmud and other rabbinical works, e.g.: \"Resh Laqish said: Satan, the evil inclination, and the Angel of Death are all one.\" Notably, however, this and other passages of the Talmud do not deny the external existence of Satan, but create a synthesis between external and internal forces of evil. Similar tendencies can also be found in some Enlightenment Christian writers, such as in the religious writings of Isaac Newton.",
"title": "Yetzer hara"
},
{
"docid": "5979532#102",
"text": "The Rabbis told that when Moses ascended to heaven, he heard the ministering angels saying to God, \"Blessed be the name of His glorious kingdom for ever and ever.\" Moses brought this declaration down to Israel. Rav Assi explained why Jews do not make this declaration aloud, comparing this to a man who took jewelry from the royal palace and gave it to his wife, telling her not to wear it in public, but only in the house. But on the Day of Atonement, when Jews are as pure as the ministering angels, they do recite the declaration aloud.",
"title": "Va'etchanan"
},
{
"docid": "27694#13",
"text": "Most Jews do not believe in the existence of a supernatural omnimalevolent figure. Traditionalists and philosophers in medieval Judaism adhered to rational theology, rejecting any belief in rebel or fallen angels, and viewing evil as abstract. The Rabbis usually interpreted the word \"satan\" as it is used in the Tanakh as referring strictly to \"human\" adversaries and rejected all of the Enochian writings mentioning Satan as a literal, heavenly figure from the Biblical canon, making every attempt to root them out. Nonetheless, the word \"satan\" has occasionally been metaphorically applied to evil influences, such as the Jewish exegesis of the \"yetzer hara\" (\"evil inclination\") mentioned in . Rabbinical scholarship on the Book of Job generally follows the Talmud and Maimonides in identifying \"the satan\" from the prologue as a metaphor for the \"yetzer hara\" and not an actual entity. Satan is rarely mentioned in Tannaitic literature, but is found in Babylonian aggadah. According to a narration, the sound of the shofar, which is primarily intended to remind Jews of the importance of \"teshuva\", is also intended symbolically to \"confuse the accuser\" (Satan) and prevent him from rendering any litigation to God against the Jews. In Hasidic Judaism, the Kabbalah presents Satan as an agent of God whose function is to tempt humans into sinning so that he may accuse them in the heavenly court. The Hasidic Jews of the 18th century associated ha-Satan with \"Baal Davar\".",
"title": "Satan"
},
{
"docid": "387701#11",
"text": "Although the concept of fallen angels developed from early Judaism during the Second Temple period, rabbis from the second century onward turned against the Enochian writings, probably in order to prevent fellow Jews from worship and veneration of angels. Thus, while many angels were individualized and sometimes venerated during the Second Temple period, the status of angels was degraded to a class of creatures, thereby emphasizing the omnipresence of God. The 2nd-century rabbi Simeon b. Yohai cursed everyone who explained the term \"Sons of God\" as angels. He stated, \"Sons of God\" were actually \"sons of judges\" or \"sons of nobles\". Evil was no longer attributed to heavenly forces, now it was dealt as an \"evil inclination\" (\"yetzer hara\") within humans. However, narrations of fallen angels do appear in later rabbinic writings. In some midrashim, the \"evil inclination\" is attributed to Samael, who is in charge of several \"satans\". But these angels are still subordinative to God. The reacceptance of fallen angels in midrashic discourse was probably influenced by the role of fallen angels in Islamic lore.",
"title": "Fallen angel"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "6928023#7",
"text": "Although most Jews are pluralist or inclusivist some Jews believe that the God of Abraham is the one true God. The Jews believe the God of Abraham entered into a covenant with the ancient Israelites, marking them as his Chosen People, giving them a mission to spread the concept of monotheism. Jews do not consider their chosenness to be a mark of superiority to other nations, but a responsibility to be an example of behavior for other nations to emulate.",
"title": "Religious exclusivism"
},
{
"docid": "14141266#15",
"text": "Abraham Geiger, the founder of Reform Judaism, remarked the following concerning the claim that Jews believed Ezra to be the son of God: “According to the assertion of Muhammad the Jews held Ezra to be the Son of God. This is certainly a mere misunderstanding which arose from the great esteem in which Ezra was undoubtedly held. This esteem is expressed in the following passage ‘Ezra would have been worthy to have made known the law if Moses had not come before him.’ Truly Muhammad sought to cast suspicion on the Jews’ faith in the unity of God, and thought he had here found a good opportunity of so doing.”",
"title": "Uzair"
},
{
"docid": "19404136#27",
"text": "Latter Day Saints believe that angels either are the spirits of humans who are deceased or who have yet to be born, or are humans who have been resurrected or translated and have physical bodies of flesh and bones, and accordingly Joseph Smith taught that \"there are no angels who minister to this earth but those that do belong or have belonged to it.\" As such, Latter Day Saints also believe that Adam, the first man, was and is now the archangel Michael, and that Gabriel lived on the earth as Noah. Likewise the Angel Moroni first lived in a pre-Columbian American civilization as the 5th-century prophet-warrior named Moroni.",
"title": "Angel"
},
{
"docid": "1131183#72",
"text": "American Jews are more likely to be atheist or agnostic than most Americans, especially so compared with Protestants or Catholics. A 2003 poll found that while 79% of Americans believe in God, only 48% of American Jews do, compared with 79% and 90% for Catholics and Protestants respectively. While 66% of Americans said they were \"absolutely certain\" of God's existence, 24% of American Jews said the same. And though 9% of Americans believe there is no God (8% Catholic and 4% Protestant), 19% of American Jews believe God does not exist.",
"title": "American Jews"
},
{
"docid": "3142629#16",
"text": "The early Fathers of the Church, such as Justin Martyr, identify the angel of the Lord as the pre-incarnate Christ whose appearance, i.e. Christophany, is recorded in the Hebrew Bible. On the reason why some early Christians viewed Jesus as the angel of the Lord, Susan Garrett says:\n[The logic behind the] reading of Jesus into accounts of the angel of the LORD went deeper. Many Jews before and during the time of Jesus were deeply interested in angels. Some understood the angel of the LORD as a being completely separate from God—a sort of angelic vizier or righthand angel, who served as head of the heavenly host and in other important capacities, including as a mediator between God and humans. Further, some Jews routinely appropriated language used in Scripture to describe the angel of the LORD and used it to characterize certain of God’s attributes, including God’s \"word\", \"glory\", \"wisdom\", \"spirit\", \"power\", and \"name\"—almost as if these aspects of the Deity were themselves independent angels. In other words, quite apart from Christianity there was talk among ancient Jews of God’s \"word\", God’s \"glory\", and so forth in terms highly reminiscent of the angel of the LORD. So, when early Christian authors like Justin Martyr connected Jesus with God’s word and that word, in turn, with the angel of the LORD, they were not inventing from scratch so much as adding a new layer to well-established ways of reading Scripture.",
"title": "Angel of the Lord"
}
] |
[
0.6065673828125,
0.08986282348632812,
0.11617660522460938,
0.3135833740234375,
-0.2133808135986328,
0.07924652099609375,
0.508819580078125,
-0.390625,
0.2872772216796875,
0.0046482086181640625,
-0.07830429077148438,
-0.53173828125,
-0.17433929443359375,
-0.052135467529296875,
-0.3701629638671875,
0.03798484802246094,
0.383544921875,
0.2540740966796875,
0.02028203010559082,
0.093963623046875,
-0.252960205078125,
0.36480712890625,
-0.02976888418197632,
-0.104949951171875,
0.13449859619140625,
0.4271240234375,
-0.2804718017578125,
0.10591506958007812,
-0.33026123046875,
0.24658203125,
0.155731201171875,
-0.2750244140625,
-0.09632110595703125,
0.31174468994140625,
-0.247955322265625,
0.297821044921875,
0.10168218612670898,
-0.11376953125,
0.449737548828125,
0.395172119140625,
-0.0090484619140625,
0.2622833251953125,
-0.06357955932617188,
-0.2165985107421875,
0.25603675842285156,
-0.1131744384765625,
0.06400489807128906,
-0.12825965881347656,
-0.08545875549316406,
-0.17749404907226562,
-0.350341796875,
0.142791748046875,
-0.024232864379882812,
-0.16325759887695312,
0.017654895782470703,
0.13337326049804688,
0.0002155303955078125,
0.83831787109375,
0.025758743286132812,
-0.08937269449234009,
0.337310791015625,
0.1748046875,
-0.29819488525390625,
0.09208393096923828,
-0.07357501983642578,
0.2515869140625,
0.12536048889160156,
0.338653564453125,
0.3194122314453125,
0.260650634765625,
0.2440338134765625,
0.58746337890625,
0.29364013671875,
-0.39501953125,
-0.05605125427246094,
-0.138397216796875,
-0.013690948486328125,
0.03645545244216919,
0.310821533203125,
-0.13766860961914062,
0.8612060546875,
0.14034080505371094,
-0.06348037719726562,
0.06481552124023438,
-0.008421897888183594,
0.7236328125,
-0.2422943115234375,
0.3244476318359375,
0.08127212524414062,
0.6187744140625,
0.11844444274902344,
0.388519287109375,
-0.12826919555664062,
-0.2582550048828125,
0.07821846008300781,
0.32590484619140625,
0.3501434326171875,
-0.09112548828125,
0.017081260681152344,
-0.12754058837890625,
-0.18796539306640625,
-0.3542633056640625,
-0.13356876373291016,
0.61328125,
0.139801025390625,
-0.360931396484375,
-0.3042159080505371,
0.3889312744140625,
0.09177780151367188,
0.34564208984375,
0.382232666015625,
-0.098846435546875,
-0.12797164916992188,
0.201507568359375,
0.029958724975585938,
-0.15657424926757812,
0.514404296875,
-0.135467529296875,
-0.07587432861328125,
-0.40533447265625,
0.291015625,
0.412567138671875,
-0.31121826171875,
0.1369152069091797,
-0.0351409912109375,
-0.13925933837890625,
0.582366943359375,
-0.21502685546875,
0.663330078125,
0.427032470703125,
0.147216796875,
0.2731781005859375,
0.03851032257080078,
0.645263671875,
0.22474288940429688,
0.2420806884765625,
0.2209930419921875,
-0.06725502014160156,
0.099884033203125,
-0.0560150146484375,
-0.2949371337890625,
0.2958831787109375,
0.3646392822265625,
0.57916259765625,
-0.11431312561035156,
0.2396697998046875,
-0.214569091796875,
0.4283447265625,
0.02652740478515625,
0.40740966796875,
0.444976806640625,
0.51922607421875,
-0.352630615234375,
0.3222503662109375,
-0.16561508178710938,
0.27675628662109375,
0.55047607421875,
0.3182544708251953,
0.11492156982421875,
0.16741371154785156,
0.80816650390625,
0.458038330078125,
-0.013504981994628906,
0.3133544921875,
0.3391456604003906,
-0.15763473510742188,
-0.09192276000976562,
0.35467529296875,
0.563201904296875,
-0.1440277099609375,
-0.297149658203125,
0.1095123291015625,
0.28386688232421875,
-0.1632537841796875,
0.40936279296875,
0.05378866195678711,
-0.11855697631835938,
0.2351837158203125,
0.03470611572265625,
0.11248207092285156,
0.03554534912109375,
0.3060302734375,
0.04571533203125,
0.3415374755859375,
0.567413330078125,
0.2987213134765625,
0.07900238037109375,
-0.0349884033203125,
-0.2646331787109375,
0.061391353607177734,
0.10817241668701172,
-0.19472694396972656,
0.41941070556640625,
0.3904571533203125,
0.2158355712890625,
-0.12124919891357422,
0.19931793212890625,
0.207061767578125,
0.13393592834472656,
0.13730239868164062,
-0.349365234375,
-0.05018138885498047,
-0.1509246826171875,
0.333831787109375,
0.231109619140625,
-0.2208251953125,
-0.0179901123046875,
0.10186004638671875,
-0.3446197509765625,
-0.331817626953125,
0.19117355346679688,
0.07273674011230469,
0.2802734375,
0.142608642578125,
-0.18534088134765625,
0.216766357421875,
-0.2869110107421875,
-0.1965179443359375,
0.560089111328125,
0.07574701309204102,
-0.2924041748046875,
0.08461284637451172,
0.0946044921875,
-0.2311248779296875,
0.3410491943359375,
-0.12457084655761719,
-0.407379150390625,
-0.28226470947265625,
0.12819480895996094,
0.33154296875,
0.05343151092529297,
0.08730888366699219,
0.11236953735351562,
-0.54058837890625,
-0.22844696044921875,
0.335205078125,
0.06246662139892578,
0.17934417724609375,
0.319122314453125,
0.04232001304626465,
0.11014509201049805,
0.13629150390625,
0.05805778503417969,
-0.003025531768798828,
0.345611572265625,
-0.23744964599609375,
0.1389923095703125,
0.2567405700683594,
-0.319671630859375,
-0.359283447265625,
0.06220245361328125,
0.07187461853027344,
-0.037410736083984375,
-0.07213163375854492,
-0.2084808349609375,
0.2357635498046875,
0.13077545166015625,
-0.038298606872558594,
0.21353912353515625,
-0.07482577860355377,
0.2835044860839844,
0.58709716796875,
0.2716522216796875,
0.22943115234375,
-0.2230987548828125,
0.13453960418701172,
0.2260284423828125,
0.492218017578125,
-0.280975341796875,
0.2869720458984375,
0.33060455322265625,
0.09168624877929688,
0.2076263427734375,
0.32082366943359375,
-0.09753036499023438,
-0.08843040466308594,
0.11113357543945312,
0.12353134155273438,
-0.21607208251953125,
-0.01954174041748047,
0.361541748046875,
-0.0015118122100830078,
0.0803987979888916,
0.021978378295898438,
0.3944244384765625,
0.32967185974121094,
0.1363525390625,
-0.02823495864868164,
-0.459869384765625,
-0.012104034423828125,
0.431304931640625,
0.422698974609375,
-0.3584442138671875,
-0.1507720947265625,
-0.17340087890625,
0.573089599609375,
0.28148651123046875,
-0.4207763671875,
0.2498016357421875,
0.03157925605773926,
0.501953125,
-0.1266937255859375,
0.485260009765625,
0.09453964233398438,
0.13631439208984375,
-0.254150390625,
-0.017993927001953125,
0.7457275390625,
-0.4297027587890625,
0.401611328125,
0.2827796936035156,
-0.12308406829833984,
0.086822509765625,
0.14914703369140625,
0.0497894287109375,
0.3636322021484375,
0.1280078887939453,
-0.13600921630859375,
0.9287109375,
0.1828899383544922,
0.412994384765625,
-0.060428619384765625,
-0.13460540771484375,
-0.028162002563476562,
-0.029802322387695312,
-0.34560585021972656,
0.07149505615234375,
-0.533660888671875,
0.2075347900390625,
0.248321533203125,
0.72076416015625,
0.17792510986328125,
0.07236719131469727,
-0.21855926513671875,
-0.372222900390625,
0.2861328125,
0.2091827392578125,
0.504669189453125,
-0.19627761840820312,
-0.381927490234375,
-0.07260894775390625,
0.054810523986816406,
0.014393806457519531,
0.43634033203125,
-0.04288959503173828,
0.1369028091430664,
0.39508056640625,
-0.06540775299072266,
0.483612060546875,
-0.2691802978515625,
0.09468841552734375,
0.301116943359375,
-0.10332751274108887,
-0.185089111328125,
0.0005474090576171875,
0.362518310546875,
0.74737548828125,
0.5284423828125,
-0.28572845458984375,
-0.3067474365234375,
-0.07508277893066406,
0.16468429565429688,
0.012853622436523438,
-0.08629608154296875,
0.040103912353515625,
-0.2841644287109375,
-0.2689056396484375,
0.015538215637207031,
-0.1048116683959961,
-0.020076751708984375,
0.2628326416015625,
-0.3956756591796875,
-0.1111907958984375,
0.13322830200195312,
-0.08542060852050781,
-0.052758216857910156,
-0.07802200317382812,
0.4217376708984375,
0.62469482421875,
0.09888076782226562,
0.04602813720703125,
0.4776611328125,
0.285858154296875,
0.09057235717773438,
-0.2970733642578125,
-0.23059844970703125,
-0.2402801513671875,
-0.04309844970703125,
0.0021305084228515625,
-0.12060546875,
0.353546142578125,
-0.19663619995117188,
-0.08270931243896484,
-0.121826171875,
-0.06621742248535156,
0.15731048583984375,
0.279876708984375,
-0.3921966552734375,
0.17580413818359375,
0.14650726318359375,
0.2345123291015625,
0.2193145751953125,
0.350830078125,
0.28399658203125,
4.063232421875,
0.595306396484375,
0.30657958984375,
0.10788345336914062,
-0.2346343994140625,
-0.15643310546875,
0.3386383056640625,
-0.3798065185546875,
0.1642913818359375,
-0.022006988525390625,
-0.031360626220703125,
0.194122314453125,
-0.1313629150390625,
-0.15361785888671875,
-0.2611846923828125,
0.6602783203125,
0.53729248046875,
0.03688240051269531,
-0.15657806396484375,
0.418060302734375,
-0.5198974609375,
0.794189453125,
0.508758544921875,
-0.27032470703125,
0.2451629638671875,
0.15767669677734375,
0.19736099243164062,
0.05804634094238281,
0.3035926818847656,
0.54150390625,
0.2544708251953125,
-0.029353618621826172,
0.13695907592773438,
0.023201465606689453,
-0.7889404296875,
0.272216796875,
0.492706298828125,
0.2638835906982422,
-0.051845550537109375,
-0.08878326416015625,
-0.55755615234375,
-0.009694576263427734,
0.0551910400390625,
0.46539306640625,
-0.377716064453125,
-0.22249603271484375,
0.1424560546875,
0.289093017578125,
-0.0883016586303711,
0.2483367919921875,
0.3768310546875,
0.26824951171875,
-0.04862785339355469,
-0.36468505859375,
0.1358928680419922,
0.62890625,
0.3055572509765625,
0.3230171203613281,
0.3630523681640625,
-0.2767295837402344,
0.583282470703125,
-0.12798309326171875,
0.11550140380859375,
0.03166937828063965,
-0.3519439697265625,
0.008092880249023438,
-0.16471099853515625,
-0.1774005889892578,
0.53546142578125,
-0.3843841552734375,
0.1895599365234375,
0.4552001953125,
0.11401939392089844,
-0.20093536376953125,
-0.039046287536621094,
0.05407285690307617,
-0.3660430908203125,
0.27556419372558594,
0.19420623779296875,
-0.02541947364807129,
0.40793609619140625,
-0.005909442901611328,
-0.3212890625,
0.485809326171875,
0.021270751953125,
0.475250244140625,
0.11187362670898438,
-0.352996826171875,
0.538421630859375,
0.42669677734375,
0.13654327392578125,
-0.22875595092773438,
0.275604248046875,
-0.289581298828125,
0.418212890625,
-0.17729949951171875,
0.26873779296875,
-4.04443359375,
-0.0011153221130371094,
0.12342347204685211,
0.021392822265625,
0.08306884765625,
0.20687103271484375,
-0.16880035400390625,
0.358856201171875,
-0.07970237731933594,
0.12030792236328125,
-0.10364532470703125,
-0.022548675537109375,
-0.2568817138671875,
0.231658935546875,
0.2347259521484375,
0.1718597412109375,
-0.16223907470703125,
0.2437591552734375,
0.496856689453125,
0.16744232177734375,
0.021589279174804688,
-0.23477935791015625,
0.4735107421875,
-0.2086944580078125,
-0.053104400634765625,
0.01917552947998047,
-0.04020524024963379,
-0.11443710327148438,
0.13439178466796875,
0.2386932373046875,
-0.07080459594726562,
-0.447845458984375,
0.6776123046875,
-0.2315216064453125,
0.13370227813720703,
0.60675048828125,
0.84979248046875,
-0.010602951049804688,
0.6524658203125,
0.67132568359375,
0.017185211181640625,
0.1322021484375,
0.31927490234375,
0.16835784912109375,
0.17425537109375,
0.1966094970703125,
-0.481719970703125,
0.016950607299804688,
-0.029926300048828125,
0.09209156036376953,
0.443206787109375,
0.18805480003356934,
-0.06305599212646484,
0.2464141845703125,
0.3917236328125,
-0.09322786331176758,
-0.0571136474609375,
-0.08255577087402344,
0.203521728515625,
-0.18979644775390625,
0.11847305297851562,
-0.15062713623046875,
0.0995330810546875,
-0.4395751953125,
0.07205212116241455,
-0.059513092041015625,
0.430450439453125,
0.38177490234375,
0.3046722412109375,
-0.024444580078125,
0.3819770812988281,
-0.07967281341552734,
-0.06346416473388672,
0.31349945068359375,
0.17180633544921875,
0.19579315185546875,
-0.241912841796875,
-0.14139556884765625,
0.6717529296875,
0.3241004943847656,
0.06272506713867188,
-0.07840585708618164,
-0.59930419921875,
0.17291259765625,
2.29833984375,
-0.04940986633300781,
2.34228515625,
0.157562255859375,
-0.01673567295074463,
0.58941650390625,
0.3563995361328125,
0.396331787109375,
0.07522964477539062,
-0.1617755889892578,
-0.0013623237609863281,
0.029160499572753906,
-0.22451019287109375,
0.13541221618652344,
-0.17075347900390625,
-0.340423583984375,
0.367431640625,
-0.5212020874023438,
0.1577014923095703,
-0.20562744140625,
0.170928955078125,
0.37847900390625,
-0.1995391845703125,
0.4730224609375,
-0.10384368896484375,
-0.2008514404296875,
-0.20320510864257812,
0.03748035430908203,
0.3940582275390625,
-0.20423507690429688,
-0.3087615966796875,
0.3411407470703125,
0.20874786376953125,
0.021086692810058594,
-0.10116195678710938,
0.033471107482910156,
0.06570243835449219,
4.65185546875,
-0.13083887100219727,
-0.2880401611328125,
-0.1960601806640625,
-0.2534332275390625,
-0.0855255126953125,
0.19983291625976562,
0.05215740203857422,
0.2245330810546875,
0.22100067138671875,
0.406585693359375,
0.2528648376464844,
0.01505136489868164,
0.12355732917785645,
0.29962158203125,
0.367218017578125,
0.04639244079589844,
-0.03703570365905762,
-0.12030601501464844,
-0.015546798706054688,
-0.07580184936523438,
0.3066558837890625,
0.14639854431152344,
-0.28556060791015625,
-0.165313720703125,
0.17919921875,
0.2647705078125,
-0.25604248046875,
-0.16214370727539062,
0.391448974609375,
-0.06833457946777344,
5.49853515625,
0.19091796875,
0.3191680908203125,
0.3373870849609375,
-0.22669601440429688,
0.3214874267578125,
-0.7474365234375,
-0.411712646484375,
-0.207061767578125,
-0.07055854797363281,
-0.328704833984375,
0.07622051239013672,
-0.342254638671875,
0.476898193359375,
0.06975555419921875,
0.17718505859375,
-0.43499755859375,
-0.07780981063842773,
0.5265960693359375,
-0.09344768524169922,
-0.020959854125976562,
-0.06119585037231445,
0.60638427734375,
-0.980712890625,
0.00646209716796875,
-0.11446762084960938,
-0.05095195770263672,
-0.059062957763671875,
0.11625289916992188,
-0.10313224792480469,
0.05067706108093262,
0.0877838134765625,
0.043421387672424316,
0.024553298950195312,
-0.04640960693359375,
-0.11498260498046875,
0.42156982421875,
0.08371734619140625,
0.07374382019042969,
0.019054412841796875,
0.13000106811523438,
-0.05641937255859375,
-0.25573253631591797,
-0.274871826171875,
-0.490081787109375,
0.2051239013671875,
-0.2174224853515625,
0.19268035888671875,
0.2685089111328125,
0.3441162109375,
0.2988433837890625,
-0.10653972625732422,
1.11651611328125,
0.12598037719726562,
-0.265716552734375,
0.39971923828125,
-0.015851974487304688,
-0.0048084259033203125,
-0.07805824279785156,
-0.04770183563232422,
0.15297698974609375,
0.14867401123046875,
0.0028896331787109375,
0.312469482421875,
0.44598388671875,
0.2131357192993164,
0.09917449951171875,
-0.1522674560546875,
0.459381103515625,
-0.2721099853515625,
-0.339874267578125,
0.14557647705078125,
0.021361708641052246,
0.1309051513671875,
-0.1987152099609375,
-0.07868576049804688,
-0.09299087524414062,
-0.03470897674560547,
0.06960296630859375,
0.03231477737426758,
-0.09888076782226562,
-0.03392291069030762,
-0.05787849426269531,
-0.03915596008300781,
0.116912841796875,
-0.06267166137695312,
-0.08257675170898438,
-0.23468017578125,
0.493621826171875,
-0.1589202880859375,
0.17563629150390625,
0.1954803466796875,
0.2681427001953125,
0.17249107360839844,
0.3482093811035156,
0.060563087463378906,
-0.08767509460449219,
0.4176788330078125,
0.13849830627441406,
0.52490234375,
-0.09729957580566406,
0.12081146240234375,
-0.2374114990234375,
-0.35443115234375,
0.32916259765625,
-0.14818572998046875,
0.45047760009765625,
0.1436612606048584,
0.22678375244140625,
-0.19640350341796875,
0.42669677734375,
0.04133489727973938,
-0.2062530517578125,
-0.12486839294433594,
0.2078094482421875
] |
2077
|
What is the Roman numeral for five hundred?
|
[
{
"docid": "25657#10",
"text": "The hundredth or was marked with a box or circle. Thus 500 was like a superimposed on a or — that is, like a with a cross bar,— becoming or by the time of Augustus, under the graphic influence of the letter . It was later identified \"as\" the letter D; an alternative symbol for \"thousand\" was a bracketed (or ), and half of a thousand or \"five hundred\" is the right half of the symbol, (or ), and this may have been converted into . This at least was the etymology given to it later on.",
"title": "Roman numerals"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "6134187#15",
"text": "The Greeks employed Attic numeration, which was based on the system of the Egyptians and was later adapted and used by the Romans. Greek numerals one through four were vertical lines, as in the hieroglyphics. The symbol for five was the Greek letter Π (pi), which is the letter of the Greek word for five, \"pente\". Numbers six through nine were \"pente\" with vertical lines next to it. Ten was represented by the letter (Δ) of the word for ten, \"deka\", one hundred by the letter from the word for hundred, etc.",
"title": "History of mathematical notation"
},
{
"docid": "1124696#0",
"text": "The long hundred, great hundred, or twelfty is the \"hundred\" of six score (120) used in Germanic languages prior to the 15th century. The number was simply described as hundred and translated into Latin in Germanic-speaking countries as (Roman numeral c.), but the qualifier \"long\" is now added because present English uses the word \"hundred\" exclusively to refer to the number of five score (100) instead.",
"title": "Long hundred"
},
{
"docid": "732574#1",
"text": "The notation is similar to the older Roman numerals for numbers 1 to 9 \"(I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII,IX)\". Unlike the Roman notation, there are only symbols for numbers one (\"I\") and five (\"U\"). In inscriptions the notches are placed vertically on the stem or \"stav\" of the rune. The number 4 is represented by four horizontal lines on the stem, 5 is represented by what looks like an inverted letter U. 10 is represented by two U's opposing each other. Numbers up to 19, or even 20, can be represented by a combination of I's and U's, just like the Roman numerals are represented by combinations of I's and V's. (A Roman 10 is represented by two V's opposing each other).",
"title": "Pentimal system"
},
{
"docid": "25657#3",
"text": "The numbers from 1 to 10 (including subtractive notation for 4 and 9) are expressed in Roman numerals as follows:\nThe system being basically decimal, \"tens and hundreds follow the same underlying pattern\". This is the key to understanding Roman numerals:",
"title": "Roman numerals"
},
{
"docid": "42799#34",
"text": "Deciding how to convert numbers is another problem that TTS systems have to address. It is a simple programming challenge to convert a number into words (at least in English), like \"1325\" becoming \"one thousand three hundred twenty-five.\" However, numbers occur in many different contexts; \"1325\" may also be read as \"one three two five\", \"thirteen twenty-five\" or \"thirteen hundred and twenty five\". A TTS system can often infer how to expand a number based on surrounding words, numbers, and punctuation, and sometimes the system provides a way to specify the context if it is ambiguous. Roman numerals can also be read differently depending on context. For example, \"Henry VIII\" reads as \"Henry the Eighth\", while \"Chapter VIII\" reads as \"Chapter Eight\".",
"title": "Speech synthesis"
},
{
"docid": "208151#2",
"text": "The Roman numeral for ten is X (which looks like two Vs [the Roman numeral for 5] put together); it is thought that the V for five is derived from an open hand (five digits displayed), and X for ten from both hands. Incidentally, the Chinese word numeral for ten, is also a cross: .",
"title": "10"
},
{
"docid": "25657#7",
"text": "Many numbers include hundreds, units and tens. The Roman numeral system being basically decimal, each power of ten is added in descending sequence from left to right, as with Arabic numerals. For example:As each power of ten (or \"place\") has its own notation there is no need for place keeping zeros, so \"missing places\" are ignored, as in Latin (and English) speech, thus:Roman numerals for large numbers are nowadays seen mainly in the form of year numbers (other uses are detailed later in this article), as in these examples:The \"standard\" forms described above reflect typical modern usage rather than an unchanging and universally accepted convention. Usage in ancient Rome varied greatly and remained inconsistent in medieval times. There is still no official \"binding\" standard, which makes the elaborate \"rules\" used in some sources to distinguish between \"correct\" and \"incorrect\" forms highly problematic.Although Roman numerals came to be written with letters of the Roman alphabet, they were originally independent symbols. The Etruscans, for example, used , , , , , and for , , , , , and , of which only and happened to be letters in their alphabet.",
"title": "Roman numerals"
},
{
"docid": "25657#50",
"text": "Another inconsistent medieval usage was the addition of \"vertical\" lines (or brackets) before and after the numeral to multiply it by 10 (or 100): thus ' for 10,000 as an alternative form for '. In combination with the overline the bracketed forms might be used to raise the multiplier to (say) ten (or one hundred) thousand, thus:\nThrough all this, and whether any kind of vinculum notation or \"barring\" needs to be revived or not, this needs to be distinguished from the custom, once very common, of adding both underline and overline to a Roman numeral, simply to make it clear that it \"is\" a number, e.g. .",
"title": "Roman numerals"
},
{
"docid": "25657#47",
"text": "Any hundreds, tens or units in the number are written in ordinary Roman numerals - but instead of , or , \"barred\" notation is used to express the thousands - which greatly expands the range of numbers expressible.",
"title": "Roman numerals"
}
] |
[
0.10439300537109375,
0.13727188110351562,
-0.5606282353401184,
0.021908124908804893,
0.056019145995378494,
0.1719004362821579,
0.6946207880973816,
-0.350067138671875,
0.1230265274643898,
0.092071533203125,
-0.3679453432559967,
-0.1292630434036255,
-0.3609517514705658,
-0.48040771484375,
-0.21202468872070312,
0.3208719789981842,
0.2879638671875,
0.023924509063363075,
-0.5087178349494934,
0.3744100034236908,
-0.1939239501953125,
0.4379679262638092,
0.009790420532226562,
0.0236663818359375,
0.0077336630783975124,
-0.06336084753274918,
-0.3278910219669342,
0.5529988408088684,
-0.6444905400276184,
0.2830861508846283,
0.2645823061466217,
-0.15779876708984375,
0.029399871826171875,
0.2007293701171875,
-0.19753901660442352,
0.355926513671875,
-0.3921915590763092,
-0.2039286345243454,
0.2920888364315033,
0.10048166662454605,
0.033718984574079514,
-0.10265922546386719,
0.3059349060058594,
0.03488985821604729,
0.14980316162109375,
-0.13652293384075165,
-0.2924601137638092,
0.1043345108628273,
-0.2571144104003906,
-0.10881805419921875,
-0.2162272185087204,
0.28880563378334045,
-0.0005215008859522641,
-0.1277751922607422,
-0.2781626284122467,
0.5041707158088684,
-0.3986765444278717,
0.710693359375,
-0.07881287485361099,
0.557373046875,
0.21502685546875,
0.0651957169175148,
-0.1534627228975296,
-0.27117919921875,
-0.0245335903018713,
0.3529256284236908,
-0.2127787321805954,
0.5696207880973816,
0.3586222231388092,
0.22735595703125,
0.2734018862247467,
0.5082804560661316,
0.2664680480957031,
0.10608800500631332,
-0.21984608471393585,
-0.18890380859375,
0.02972300909459591,
0.013277689926326275,
0.4152425229549408,
-0.073944091796875,
0.73663330078125,
-0.3673502504825592,
0.052435558289289474,
0.12779998779296875,
-0.2136637419462204,
0.603515625,
-0.04083530232310295,
0.26425424218177795,
-0.006453514099121094,
0.6062825322151184,
0.0049184164963662624,
0.05727672576904297,
0.12423960119485855,
0.10624948889017105,
-0.021553078666329384,
0.011233250610530376,
0.10231288522481918,
-0.23046875,
-0.1382039338350296,
-0.017843881621956825,
0.239898681640625,
-0.4168294370174408,
-0.0950232520699501,
0.18745677173137665,
0.4271240234375,
-0.47784423828125,
-0.11277008056640625,
0.26876577734947205,
0.2455809861421585,
0.3652242124080658,
0.054274458438158035,
-0.1910751610994339,
0.026348114013671875,
-0.13954336941242218,
0.1295878142118454,
-0.09344482421875,
0.34495195746421814,
-0.07840728759765625,
-0.07313346862792969,
-0.5966389775276184,
0.6523030400276184,
0.1835225373506546,
-0.2773895263671875,
0.052059173583984375,
-0.11026287078857422,
-0.3660685122013092,
0.57781982421875,
-0.12798865139484406,
0.6900227665901184,
0.24579684436321259,
0.06886037439107895,
0.2855733335018158,
0.6549072265625,
0.3635762631893158,
-0.01913960836827755,
0.13208262622356415,
-0.008448381908237934,
-0.05025291442871094,
-0.4616800844669342,
0.10662841796875,
-0.21118037402629852,
-0.055403392761945724,
0.2295430451631546,
0.3276875913143158,
-0.082305908203125,
0.3720499575138092,
-0.2625834047794342,
0.2506510317325592,
0.2593282163143158,
0.285980224609375,
0.11664772033691406,
0.61273193359375,
-0.3595377504825592,
0.3763427734375,
-0.1389891356229782,
0.16941197216510773,
0.4397379457950592,
0.2842203676700592,
-0.279449462890625,
0.4006754457950592,
0.7572428584098816,
0.3658955991268158,
0.11615244299173355,
0.0454966239631176,
0.4395039975643158,
0.05526622012257576,
-0.05922778323292732,
-0.012874603271484375,
0.6474202275276184,
-0.17364947497844696,
-0.2458292692899704,
0.23719532787799835,
0.23577435314655304,
-0.194091796875,
0.17226918041706085,
-0.12830860912799835,
-0.2009093016386032,
0.002776632783934474,
0.16328811645507812,
0.4985758364200592,
0.0006792147760279477,
0.1831003874540329,
0.5494181513786316,
-0.06759516149759293,
0.33905029296875,
0.2488301545381546,
0.0984547957777977,
0.2734731137752533,
-0.04290822520852089,
0.318206787109375,
0.2430826872587204,
0.013066291809082031,
0.75390625,
-0.46173095703125,
0.2867584228515625,
0.15340042114257812,
-0.1097056046128273,
0.5310465693473816,
-0.2554931640625,
0.5863037109375,
-0.1436726301908493,
0.30023193359375,
-0.3378804624080658,
0.05598131939768791,
0.3639729917049408,
-0.3678385317325592,
-0.04749298095703125,
0.17569732666015625,
-0.16769154369831085,
-0.23258209228515625,
0.021770795807242393,
-0.013930956833064556,
-0.14627711474895477,
0.2746938169002533,
-0.07238149642944336,
0.1917622834444046,
0.056173961609601974,
0.02903183363378048,
0.4550577700138092,
-0.011226336471736431,
-0.11740139871835709,
0.414031982421875,
0.0557149238884449,
-0.1713695526123047,
0.0555063895881176,
-0.6201985478401184,
-0.1901041716337204,
-0.0675455704331398,
0.07324186712503433,
0.1920502930879593,
0.40740966796875,
-0.0365346260368824,
0.12340990453958511,
-0.1341807097196579,
0.205780029296875,
0.29208120703697205,
-0.2362060546875,
0.1322479248046875,
-0.04733721539378166,
0.029173055663704872,
0.538330078125,
0.05221398547291756,
-0.3116455078125,
0.30684027075767517,
0.4963785707950592,
-0.4804891049861908,
-0.030308246612548828,
0.14512388408184052,
0.008562247268855572,
-0.1185150146484375,
-0.110504150390625,
0.15840975940227509,
-0.2631022036075592,
0.2373250275850296,
-0.2325032502412796,
0.06649240106344223,
0.018659591674804688,
-0.2973124086856842,
0.2102762907743454,
-0.09021377563476562,
0.50848388671875,
0.3365885317325592,
0.3205769956111908,
0.36505126953125,
-0.6136271357536316,
0.08309268951416016,
0.12422943115234375,
0.6094157099723816,
0.1780344694852829,
0.15884144604206085,
0.4583740234375,
0.2333933562040329,
0.14481861889362335,
0.0004329681396484375,
-0.415771484375,
0.1911722868680954,
0.2345539778470993,
-0.051077526062726974,
-0.036159515380859375,
0.2316691130399704,
0.38897705078125,
0.2091776579618454,
-0.1581980437040329,
-0.08470550924539566,
0.11369895935058594,
0.07424449920654297,
-0.1773122102022171,
0.010580380447208881,
-0.16183216869831085,
0.09926923364400864,
0.4561360776424408,
0.5228678584098816,
0.234375,
-0.10262807458639145,
-0.2962900698184967,
0.2218017578125,
0.2742513120174408,
-0.14566802978515625,
0.04171498492360115,
-0.07541147619485855,
0.7474772334098816,
-0.36871337890625,
0.08429654687643051,
0.3377481997013092,
0.1613566130399704,
0.06335004419088364,
0.056939441710710526,
0.24831072986125946,
-0.11663690954446793,
0.1960550993680954,
-0.08105989545583725,
-0.18494923412799835,
-0.10566457360982895,
0.498779296875,
0.3221282958984375,
0.6698201298713684,
0.3888498842716217,
-0.0614473819732666,
0.282470703125,
-0.2229359894990921,
-0.1802164763212204,
-0.234466552734375,
-0.3203531801700592,
-0.2130940705537796,
0.3118896484375,
-0.5662129521369934,
-0.0101470947265625,
-0.4683837890625,
0.5851643681526184,
-0.19365692138671875,
0.3390096127986908,
0.4602864682674408,
-0.1525421142578125,
-0.013153712265193462,
0.11684926599264145,
0.4417724609375,
0.17575518786907196,
0.007262746337801218,
-0.4552408754825592,
-0.3898213803768158,
0.61846923828125,
0.14649581909179688,
-0.002778847934678197,
0.24655914306640625,
0.011667251586914062,
0.16608428955078125,
-0.10102081298828125,
0.3294270932674408,
0.1189066544175148,
0.1830902099609375,
0.23610179126262665,
0.3592020571231842,
-0.24648793041706085,
0.04154141619801521,
0.2602742612361908,
0.8218994140625,
0.1867430955171585,
0.2494557648897171,
0.1835835725069046,
-0.3117574155330658,
0.5197346806526184,
0.04426829144358635,
0.10010512918233871,
0.12261009216308594,
0.1709492951631546,
0.5893605351448059,
0.37353515625,
0.15942604839801788,
-0.22894032299518585,
0.3278757631778717,
-0.0627492293715477,
-0.315582275390625,
0.12444623559713364,
-0.17724609375,
-0.08094024658203125,
-0.16192372143268585,
0.1755574494600296,
-0.047827403992414474,
0.42645263671875,
0.12776947021484375,
0.1067962646484375,
0.47784423828125,
0.033003490418195724,
0.017601966857910156,
-0.11520513147115707,
-0.14614105224609375,
0.3360392153263092,
0.13861720263957977,
0.013229290954768658,
-0.42694091796875,
0.450439453125,
-0.1975301057100296,
0.06800556182861328,
-0.020668664947152138,
-0.25601959228515625,
0.07110468298196793,
0.013924281112849712,
0.3276824951171875,
0.09801546484231949,
-0.4250895082950592,
-0.16059239208698273,
0.5078532099723816,
0.4303080141544342,
0.2014780044555664,
4.20556640625,
0.2473958283662796,
0.270355224609375,
-0.1487274169921875,
0.1399974822998047,
0.1835123747587204,
0.06500180810689926,
-0.1698201447725296,
-0.3405965268611908,
0.12373924255371094,
-0.13538551330566406,
0.32965087890625,
0.1934916228055954,
0.15119679272174835,
-0.0987701416015625,
0.45574951171875,
0.3358357846736908,
0.07624689489603043,
0.09056949615478516,
0.01860586740076542,
-0.3583170473575592,
0.026370367035269737,
0.2674356997013092,
0.5479533076286316,
0.6124776005744934,
0.10481389611959457,
-0.0826750323176384,
-0.0313212089240551,
0.5746867060661316,
0.09159978479146957,
0.3522440493106842,
0.043603260070085526,
-0.024450460448861122,
-0.1536407470703125,
-0.683837890625,
-0.156219482421875,
0.7039387822151184,
0.16945011913776398,
-0.1042327880859375,
0.03482649102807045,
-0.04829470440745354,
0.12764804065227509,
0.5495808720588684,
0.4753824770450592,
-0.1643473356962204,
0.08422914892435074,
-0.3257547914981842,
0.2098744660615921,
-0.14461898803710938,
0.3022867739200592,
0.17830722033977509,
-0.1572672575712204,
-0.2962239682674408,
-0.17456817626953125,
0.2412617951631546,
0.3924153745174408,
0.3617350161075592,
0.8470458984375,
0.03682716563344002,
0.3746236264705658,
-0.3780466616153717,
-0.3022054135799408,
0.6481119990348816,
0.034432727843523026,
-0.3448740541934967,
-0.4600016176700592,
0.1667989045381546,
0.4561055600643158,
0.2260996550321579,
-0.6194254755973816,
0.2157796174287796,
0.2752481997013092,
0.19759368896484375,
-0.1349538117647171,
0.06393814086914062,
-0.11193593591451645,
-0.7402750849723816,
0.0730581283569336,
0.2243143767118454,
-0.1473490446805954,
0.15394210815429688,
0.1364491730928421,
-0.09840011596679688,
0.2630615234375,
0.041703540831804276,
0.6424560546875,
0.1050058975815773,
-0.22412109375,
0.3136495053768158,
0.06617546081542969,
0.4124552309513092,
-0.00316619873046875,
0.2910054624080658,
0.3296305239200592,
-0.04665056988596916,
0.1146799698472023,
0.19547271728515625,
-3.9549152851104736,
0.3629150390625,
0.2836354672908783,
-0.1678822785615921,
-0.08502038568258286,
-0.2281544953584671,
0.05784861370921135,
0.3280181884765625,
-0.09382009506225586,
-0.08354330062866211,
-0.3414866030216217,
0.12306467443704605,
-0.2759297788143158,
0.3370361328125,
0.03182951733469963,
0.2581024169921875,
0.1796671599149704,
0.2095235139131546,
0.1776529997587204,
-0.1494324952363968,
0.2316741943359375,
-0.16438548266887665,
0.36871337890625,
-0.4580281674861908,
0.210540771484375,
-0.20200221240520477,
0.07492446899414062,
-0.11319446563720703,
0.146087646484375,
0.1947428435087204,
0.06318918615579605,
-0.03673918917775154,
0.5124918818473816,
-0.10457102209329605,
-0.0471951961517334,
0.1439564973115921,
0.6420084834098816,
-0.37030029296875,
0.08805593103170395,
0.13531875610351562,
0.04138501361012459,
-0.03996340557932854,
0.54534912109375,
0.1262257844209671,
0.1899566650390625,
0.73480224609375,
-0.12512461841106415,
0.3197530210018158,
0.20130665600299835,
-0.19312794506549835,
0.3676554262638092,
0.08485158532857895,
0.17776425182819366,
0.102386474609375,
0.4997355043888092,
0.20102183520793915,
0.5554606318473816,
-0.22320556640625,
0.3880716860294342,
-0.020026326179504395,
0.1808726042509079,
-0.02922201156616211,
0.2532450258731842,
0.15073521435260773,
0.19118499755859375,
0.2818094789981842,
0.04270172119140625,
0.1133677139878273,
0.2416788786649704,
-0.366119384765625,
-0.15956942737102509,
0.0475616455078125,
0.250885009765625,
-0.24296315014362335,
0.18933551013469696,
-0.039572399109601974,
0.023283323273062706,
0.1826731413602829,
0.6270955204963684,
0.053099315613508224,
-0.1930033415555954,
0.14656956493854523,
-0.3327433168888092,
0.2606201171875,
2.5538737773895264,
0.3403829038143158,
2.132080078125,
-0.11375173181295395,
-0.250518798828125,
0.3936411440372467,
-0.1918385773897171,
0.3295389711856842,
0.2388916015625,
0.2344105988740921,
0.2444508820772171,
0.32586669921875,
-0.08184941858053207,
0.11785952001810074,
0.1812540739774704,
-0.2364400178194046,
0.3045501708984375,
-0.9359944462776184,
0.2786712646484375,
-0.4107462465763092,
0.3719635009765625,
0.2030843049287796,
-0.21557362377643585,
-0.12273470312356949,
0.29190316796302795,
-0.181976318359375,
-0.2700042724609375,
0.4744059145450592,
-0.10324224084615707,
-0.5871378779411316,
0.195068359375,
-0.09944597631692886,
0.2658182680606842,
-0.2971550524234772,
-0.18674786388874054,
-0.034277599304914474,
-0.02825419045984745,
4.734700679779053,
0.10285695642232895,
-0.0012788772583007812,
-0.03269195556640625,
0.013028462417423725,
0.4891560971736908,
0.4864095151424408,
-0.06349679827690125,
-0.07434908300638199,
0.14813359081745148,
0.2359619140625,
0.04543812945485115,
-0.07774098962545395,
0.021679243072867393,
0.0046710968017578125,
0.016026178374886513,
0.2874043881893158,
0.211669921875,
0.2740366458892822,
0.0797475203871727,
0.046357471495866776,
-0.1295216828584671,
0.15825144946575165,
-0.2177530974149704,
-0.024702707305550575,
0.05600929260253906,
-0.0043964385986328125,
-0.234832763671875,
-0.035041093826293945,
0.14129559695720673,
-0.114898681640625,
5.443033695220947,
0.2590230405330658,
0.026335081085562706,
-0.1337127685546875,
0.10869598388671875,
0.1937764436006546,
-0.5031331181526184,
-0.3501790463924408,
-0.20163853466510773,
-0.061898548156023026,
-0.13591766357421875,
0.46315130591392517,
-0.2647298276424408,
0.5791218876838684,
0.09029785543680191,
0.134979248046875,
-0.3229878842830658,
-0.2533772885799408,
0.34002938866615295,
0.0664011612534523,
0.21460819244384766,
-0.24604034423828125,
0.3617960512638092,
-0.09788179397583008,
-0.14781443774700165,
0.68133544921875,
-0.15099334716796875,
0.1957448273897171,
-0.08432897180318832,
0.10652414709329605,
0.365386962890625,
0.4459228515625,
-0.20666758716106415,
0.368927001953125,
-0.2104288786649704,
0.4495035707950592,
0.3519706726074219,
0.4178873598575592,
0.1454722136259079,
0.028799057006835938,
0.3298543393611908,
0.1715758591890335,
-0.00356292724609375,
0.0074984231032431126,
-0.2623138427734375,
-0.16825008392333984,
-0.02773364447057247,
0.07742563635110855,
0.015916824340820312,
-0.2168324738740921,
-0.2956644594669342,
0.16224415600299835,
0.6355997920036316,
0.34039306640625,
0.100799560546875,
0.43719482421875,
-0.18152110278606415,
0.4241943359375,
-0.011777241714298725,
-0.1991068571805954,
0.024358749389648438,
0.05514804646372795,
-0.1742142289876938,
0.39813232421875,
0.3342234194278717,
0.3610025942325592,
0.466064453125,
-0.028340479359030724,
0.518798828125,
-0.3223164975643158,
-0.07286643981933594,
0.08256403356790543,
-0.02493254281580448,
0.20215606689453125,
0.1461736410856247,
-0.03856341168284416,
0.2849222719669342,
-0.2756856381893158,
-0.12749099731445312,
0.1383565217256546,
-0.2562001645565033,
-0.16618697345256805,
-0.07843653112649918,
0.23101806640625,
-0.020206769928336143,
-0.08786273002624512,
-0.014238357543945312,
-0.14629364013671875,
0.02456521987915039,
0.19488525390625,
0.2646586000919342,
0.10950406640768051,
-0.03698794171214104,
0.3680877685546875,
0.19356155395507812,
0.3601888120174408,
-0.15332794189453125,
0.1491597443819046,
0.3097737729549408,
-0.03662257269024849,
-0.12449773401021957,
0.3141683042049408,
-0.4220784604549408,
-0.045904796570539474,
0.4153035581111908,
-0.0039259591139853,
-0.4513651430606842,
-0.0022919971961528063,
0.049892425537109375,
0.3180135190486908,
0.3914794921875,
0.4266560971736908,
0.10973167419433594,
0.2085622102022171,
-0.2736409604549408
] |
2082
|
When was cobalt first used for blue paint?
|
[
{
"docid": "1182639#1",
"text": "Cobalt blue in impure forms had long been used in Chinese porcelain, but it was independently discovered as a pure alumina-based pigment by Louis Jacques Thénard in 1802. Commercial production began in France in 1807. The first recorded use of \"cobalt blue\" as a color name in English was in 1777. The leading world manufacturer of cobalt blue in the 19th century was Benjamin Wegner's Norwegian company Blaafarveværket (\"blue colour works\" in Dano-Norwegian). Germany was also famous for production, especially the blue colour works (\"Blaufarbenwerke\") in the Ore Mountains of Saxony.",
"title": "Cobalt blue"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "24580536#1",
"text": "Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have been used since ancient times for jewelry and paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to glass, but the color was later thought by alchemists to be due to the known metal bismuth. Miners had long used the name \"kobold ore\" (German for \"goblin ore\") for some of the blue-pigment producing minerals; they were so named because they were poor in known metals, and gave poisonous arsenic-containing fumes when smelted. In 1735, such ores were found to be reducible to a new metal (the first discovered since ancient times), and this was ultimately named for the \"kobold\".",
"title": "Cobalt"
},
{
"docid": "24580536#48",
"text": "Before the 19th century, cobalt was predominantly used as a pigment. It has been used since the Middle Ages to make smalt, a blue-colored glass. Smalt is produced by melting a mixture of roasted mineral smaltite, quartz and potassium carbonate, which yields a dark blue silicate glass, which is finely ground after the production. Smalt was widely used to color glass and as pigment for paintings. In 1780, Sven Rinman discovered cobalt green, and in 1802 Louis Jacques Thénard discovered cobalt blue. Cobalt pigments such as cobalt blue (cobalt aluminate), cerulean blue (cobalt(II) stannate), various hues of cobalt green (a mixture of cobalt(II) oxide and zinc oxide), and cobalt violet (cobalt phosphate) are used as artist's pigments because of their superior chromatic stability. Aureolin (cobalt yellow) is now largely replaced by more lightfast yellow pigments.",
"title": "Cobalt"
},
{
"docid": "324222#76",
"text": "Blue and white porcelain artifacts decorating white porcelain with paintings and designs in underglaze by using natural cobalt pigment are another example of popular wares of the Joseon period. Many of these items were created by court painters employed by the royal family. During this period, the popular style of landscape paintings is mirrored in the decoration of ceramics. Initially developed by the Chinese at the Jingdezhen kilns in the mid-14th century, Joseon began to produce this type of porcelain from the 15th century under Chinese influence. The first cobalt imported from China was used by Korean artists. In 1463 when sources of cobalt were discovered in Korea, artists and their buyers found the material was inferior in quality and preferred the more expensive imported cobalt. Korean porcelain with imported cobalt decoration contradict the emphasis of an orderly, frugal and moderate life in Neo-Confucianism.",
"title": "Joseon"
},
{
"docid": "4543#42",
"text": "The introduction of oil painting changed the way colours looked and how they were used. Ultramarine pigment, for instance, was much darker when used in oil painting than when used in tempera painting, in frescoes. To balance their colours, Renaissance artists like Raphael added white to lighten the ultramarine. The sombre dark blue robe of the Virgin Mary became a brilliant sky blue. Titian created his rich blues by using many thin glazes of paint of different blues and violets which allowed the light to pass through, which made a complex and luminous colour, like stained glass. He also used layers of finely ground or coarsely ground ultramarine, which gave subtle variations to the blue.\nIn about the 9th century, Chinese artisans abandoned the Han blue colour they had used for centuries, and began to use cobalt blue, made with cobalt salts of alumina, to manufacture fine blue and white porcelain, The plates and vases were shaped, dried, the paint applied with a brush, covered with a clear glaze, then fired at a high temperature. Beginning in the 14th century, this type of porcelain was exported in large quantity to Europe where it inspired a whole style of art, called Chinoiserie. European courts tried for many years to imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain, but only succeeded in the 18th century after a missionary brought the secret back from China.",
"title": "Blue"
},
{
"docid": "2299975#3",
"text": "The earliest known example of cobalt aluminate glass dates to a lump from about 2000 BC in ancient Mesopotamia, very possibly intended for use as a pigment; it was rare until the modern era. Cobalt oxide smalt appears as a pigment in Egyptian pottery about five centuries later, and soon after in the Aegean region, and this is the pigment normally known as \"smalt\". In paintings, smalt has a tendency to lose its colour over a long period, and is little used today. However, when used in ceramics for underglaze decoration, it keeps its colour well, and is the main blue used in blue and white pottery from a wide range of dates and areas, including Chinese blue and white porcelain from the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Renaissance Italian maiolica and Delftware.\nChinese porcelain used smalt glazes from the Tang dynasty onwards, though Chinese cobalt glass is found from the Zhou dynasty (1122–221 BC). Cobalt was used as a pigment in Central Asia from the 13th century. A fragment of a mud painting in the ancient Tangut city of Khara-Khoto has been found to contain smalt, judged to be dated between the 11th and 13th centuries. A large quantity of smalt was purchased for the decoration of the gallery of Francis I of France at Fontainebleau in 1536. Smalt, normally now discoloured, is common in European paintings from the 15th to 17th centuries. For example, it is found in Hans Holbein the Younger's portrait of Sir William Butts (ca. 1540), in Michael Pacher's painting \"The Early Fathers' Altar\" (ca. 1483), and in the frescos of Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449–1494).",
"title": "Cobalt glass"
},
{
"docid": "24580536#3",
"text": "Cobalt is primarily used in the manufacture of magnetic, wear-resistant and high-strength alloys. The compounds cobalt silicate and cobalt(II) aluminate (CoAlO, cobalt blue) give a distinctive deep blue color to glass, ceramics, inks, paints and varnishes. Cobalt occurs naturally as only one stable isotope, cobalt-59. Cobalt-60 is a commercially important radioisotope, used as a radioactive tracer and for the production of high energy gamma rays.",
"title": "Cobalt"
},
{
"docid": "24580536#20",
"text": "During the 19th century, a significant part of the world's production of cobalt blue (a dye made with cobalt compounds and alumina) and smalt (cobalt glass powdered for use for pigment purposes in ceramics and painting) was carried out at the Norwegian Blaafarveværket. The first mines for the production of smalt in the 16th century were located in Norway, Sweden, Saxony and Hungary. With the discovery of cobalt ore in New Caledonia in 1864, the mining of cobalt in Europe declined. With the discovery of ore deposits in Ontario, Canada in 1904 and the discovery of even larger deposits in the Katanga Province in the Congo in 1914, the mining operations shifted again. When the Shaba conflict started in 1978, the copper mines of Katanga Province nearly stopped production. The impact on the world cobalt economy from this conflict was smaller than expected: cobalt is a rare metal, the pigment is highly toxic, and the industry had already established effective ways for recycling cobalt materials. In some cases, industry was able to change to cobalt-free alternatives.",
"title": "Cobalt"
},
{
"docid": "1182639#0",
"text": "Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with alumina at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt(II) oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAlO. Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the (iron-cyanide based) pigment Prussian blue. It is extremely stable and has historically been used as a coloring agent in ceramics (especially Chinese porcelain), jewelry, and paint. Transparent glasses are tinted with the silica-based cobalt pigment smalt.",
"title": "Cobalt blue"
},
{
"docid": "11829480#18",
"text": "Its best-known pattern, \"cobalt net\", first appeared in 1949. The design is based on a blue net pattern that was painted on raised lines cast into the porcelain dinnerware pieces of Catherine the Great. The factory has actual examples of Catherine's dinnerware with this design. The new design pattern is a combination of intersecting lines of cobalt blue with inverted tear drops of cobalt blue (made from mineral cobalt) and 22 karat gold accents.",
"title": "Imperial Porcelain Factory, Saint Petersburg"
}
] |
[
0.44180575013160706,
-0.018807845190167427,
0.013057535514235497,
0.11070459336042404,
0.03266768157482147,
0.2484685778617859,
0.5606134533882141,
-0.3201127350330353,
0.13836669921875,
0.196990966796875,
-0.18036651611328125,
0.010884198360145092,
-0.41969993710517883,
-0.0442962646484375,
-0.4606489837169647,
0.0645599365234375,
0.39291104674339294,
0.2657942473888397,
0.2028295397758484,
-0.2595880627632141,
0.15696577727794647,
0.5118963122367859,
0.012209632433950901,
0.4503062963485718,
-0.12661395967006683,
0.4528364837169647,
-0.07403009384870529,
0.09755221009254456,
0.16004250943660736,
0.48006924986839294,
-0.0074122603982687,
-0.2888960540294647,
-0.008519953116774559,
0.35860928893089294,
-0.5030406713485718,
0.4862615466117859,
0.24795809388160706,
0.2773270905017853,
0.08761319518089294,
-0.19384488463401794,
-0.07023204118013382,
-0.21650834381580353,
0.2347967028617859,
-0.2356511950492859,
0.42337313294410706,
-0.10768162459135056,
0.25958251953125,
-0.384033203125,
-0.353057861328125,
-0.29323509335517883,
-0.11623799055814743,
0.06602061539888382,
-0.15327037870883942,
-0.3102250397205353,
-0.12191183120012283,
0.12901653349399567,
-0.31044700741767883,
0.4529585540294647,
0.020489085465669632,
-0.09243150055408478,
0.2990056872367859,
0.11374664306640625,
-0.2222900390625,
-0.1815435290336609,
0.1653844714164734,
0.2931685149669647,
-0.21553178131580353,
0.3864080309867859,
0.22791914641857147,
0.07551158219575882,
0.3515070080757141,
0.5017977356910706,
0.28955078125,
-0.1268310546875,
-0.03371290862560272,
-0.2659912109375,
-0.047278665006160736,
0.40762606263160706,
-0.008653120137751102,
-0.5679376721382141,
0.49551668763160706,
-0.33719149231910706,
-0.2725108861923218,
0.4866388440132141,
0.5561967492103577,
0.4940074682235718,
0.22938676178455353,
0.3471235930919647,
0.23182955384254456,
0.3556573987007141,
-0.10233099013566971,
-0.05581456795334816,
0.013179085217416286,
0.18336071074008942,
0.19358409941196442,
0.25907203555107117,
0.18263383209705353,
-0.2702137231826782,
0.03495337814092636,
-0.3141646087169647,
-0.1883600354194641,
-0.3476673364639282,
-0.18464799225330353,
0.2873368561267853,
0.17021594941616058,
-0.3660777807235718,
-0.21024392545223236,
-0.026176799088716507,
0.21190573275089264,
0.3868963122367859,
0.005052739754319191,
-0.09501925110816956,
-0.20882345736026764,
-0.21423062682151794,
0.30385521054267883,
0.2636052966117859,
0.09182322770357132,
-0.1979925036430359,
-0.2587158977985382,
-0.9822887182235718,
0.4382990002632141,
0.053719259798526764,
-0.3373357653617859,
-0.08860154449939728,
0.1590936779975891,
-0.13548694550991058,
0.5299183130264282,
-0.24992232024669647,
0.5128062963485718,
0.36343660950660706,
0.5547319054603577,
0.12507352232933044,
0.3164839446544647,
0.49356356263160706,
-0.15886063873767853,
0.198974609375,
-0.04614396393299103,
-0.01822783797979355,
0.2049615979194641,
-0.19068041443824768,
-0.15359635651111603,
-0.04876847565174103,
0.35702237486839294,
0.6257768273353577,
-0.4600719213485718,
0.17718505859375,
-0.21433328092098236,
0.3953080475330353,
0.04586375877261162,
0.2784978747367859,
0.2741255462169647,
0.026271473616361618,
0.14166259765625,
0.3804154694080353,
0.2402399182319641,
0.11159861832857132,
0.6837713122367859,
-0.04858380928635597,
-0.09613037109375,
-0.039591703563928604,
0.7021040320396423,
0.36117276549339294,
0.19181685149669647,
-0.3222767114639282,
-0.18584927916526794,
0.2017003893852234,
-0.3829234838485718,
0.28133878111839294,
0.5956143736839294,
-0.30850496888160706,
-0.3801713287830353,
-0.047373685985803604,
0.31124600768089294,
0.009924108162522316,
0.11170542985200882,
0.17734479904174805,
-0.7001287341117859,
0.3799493908882141,
0.1455206423997879,
-0.14679960906505585,
-0.08358556777238846,
0.154052734375,
0.07780873030424118,
-0.09878262877464294,
0.5887117981910706,
0.39139071106910706,
0.24720902740955353,
-0.05669611319899559,
-0.1540471911430359,
0.3570667505264282,
0.35764381289482117,
0.09154441207647324,
0.30250826478004456,
-0.31884765625,
-0.16106900572776794,
-0.09262397140264511,
-0.3753551244735718,
0.33767977356910706,
-0.2633001208305359,
-0.059624411165714264,
-0.5792569518089294,
0.30251243710517883,
-0.4310857653617859,
0.3458362817764282,
0.18728360533714294,
-0.43783292174339294,
0.2015935778617859,
0.2754683196544647,
-0.19209428131580353,
0.09205003082752228,
0.2116033434867859,
0.24057283997535706,
0.18233975768089294,
0.4769397974014282,
-0.08553383499383926,
0.220703125,
-0.023444436490535736,
0.14442859590053558,
0.3326263427734375,
0.01174389198422432,
0.012524301186203957,
0.3761541247367859,
-0.10826527327299118,
0.4071488678455353,
0.47975853085517883,
-0.27645042538642883,
-0.12324385344982147,
-0.24907337129116058,
0.09096457809209824,
0.5806551575660706,
0.39662864804267883,
-0.3096812963485718,
0.10479874908924103,
-0.35500267148017883,
0.14799638092517853,
0.12486128509044647,
0.6450639367103577,
-0.10559220612049103,
0.35129615664482117,
-0.07631891220808029,
0.4318736791610718,
0.2600208520889282,
0.11438265442848206,
0.18075284361839294,
0.37255859375,
-0.08169278502464294,
0.031902313232421875,
0.033109840005636215,
-0.3473344147205353,
-0.24300870299339294,
0.22139669954776764,
-0.20229825377464294,
0.01167019922286272,
0.4642444849014282,
0.05692499503493309,
-0.17685213685035706,
0.13689570128917694,
0.06950655579566956,
0.04285639151930809,
0.10426191985607147,
0.18411532044410706,
0.8132102489471436,
0.44442471861839294,
0.4046519994735718,
-0.14036144316196442,
0.407470703125,
0.25933837890625,
0.6219371557235718,
0.15458540618419647,
0.3424072265625,
0.2685394287109375,
-0.22632946074008942,
-0.06901481002569199,
0.15427814424037933,
-0.09016279876232147,
-0.25244140625,
-0.05600287765264511,
0.19442471861839294,
-0.4447132349014282,
0.0782821848988533,
0.17393077909946442,
-0.040066804736852646,
-0.3777299225330353,
0.05294175446033478,
0.48489657044410706,
0.5294744372367859,
-0.3858531713485718,
-0.052674032747745514,
-0.056762173771858215,
-0.22994162142276764,
0.17206920683383942,
0.496826171875,
0.04524439200758934,
-0.08887550979852676,
-0.024156050756573677,
0.26384666562080383,
0.3679642975330353,
-0.1728307604789734,
0.3784623444080353,
0.010007337667047977,
0.6746271252632141,
-0.5018865466117859,
0.41281959414482117,
0.1366632580757141,
0.2583451569080353,
0.0033933466766029596,
0.06417153030633926,
-0.06886707991361618,
-0.13446946442127228,
0.4628490209579468,
0.25674715638160706,
-0.4388538599014282,
-0.26418235898017883,
0.09597223252058029,
0.2985950708389282,
0.6462180614471436,
0.43758878111839294,
0.384033203125,
0.7076749205589294,
0.6235795617103577,
-0.06545951217412949,
0.07581953704357147,
-0.3532159924507141,
-0.242919921875,
0.5067027807235718,
-0.19025039672851562,
0.11140025407075882,
0.07315409928560257,
0.7186168432235718,
0.3046320080757141,
0.7775213122367859,
-0.2703191637992859,
0.19477982819080353,
0.08257918059825897,
0.18387117981910706,
0.15006326138973236,
0.38490989804267883,
0.6610440611839294,
0.029999125748872757,
0.0035719438455998898,
0.23192249238491058,
-0.13674233853816986,
0.42678001523017883,
0.2017877697944641,
0.028750332072377205,
0.30069246888160706,
-0.1423499435186386,
0.030938928946852684,
0.18000377714633942,
0.07887129485607147,
0.052559591829776764,
0.017469579353928566,
-0.18253880739212036,
-0.06412748992443085,
-0.055748071521520615,
-0.3272594213485718,
-0.019760824739933014,
0.17615188658237457,
0.10034214705228806,
-0.21357311308383942,
0.19731555879116058,
0.14768289029598236,
0.18686121702194214,
0.19864724576473236,
0.3275923430919647,
0.26824951171875,
-0.2268621325492859,
0.28200462460517883,
-0.1553594470024109,
-0.025426821783185005,
-0.17333707213401794,
-0.13344106078147888,
0.12474753707647324,
0.010804956778883934,
-0.15132279694080353,
-0.16721414029598236,
0.2644153833389282,
0.28057861328125,
0.39981356263160706,
0.30873802304267883,
0.17441628873348236,
0.5382190942764282,
0.215087890625,
-0.40121182799339294,
-0.3033447265625,
-0.34596946835517883,
-0.18833784759044647,
-0.013478712178766727,
0.010062477551400661,
-0.14535245299339294,
0.4363236725330353,
-0.07213938981294632,
-0.1297357678413391,
0.6239568591117859,
-0.27809837460517883,
0.07535345107316971,
0.10357666015625,
1.0179332494735718,
0.14205655455589294,
0.059906005859375,
-0.13869233429431915,
0.28878507018089294,
-0.060347817838191986,
0.10224220901727676,
4.064630508422852,
0.013017567805945873,
0.06996016204357147,
0.4589954614639282,
0.16199840605258942,
0.44705477356910706,
0.30087003111839294,
-0.3586314916610718,
0.11723604798316956,
-0.25423362851142883,
0.10438459366559982,
-0.013514778576791286,
0.047646261751651764,
0.3969837427139282,
-0.07939286530017853,
0.15346457064151764,
0.06073899567127228,
0.17512927949428558,
0.42349520325660706,
0.3591197729110718,
-0.5385076403617859,
0.24433483183383942,
0.3226318359375,
0.38668546080589294,
0.2779430150985718,
-0.26253995299339294,
-0.06723993271589279,
-0.08272760361433029,
0.3667103052139282,
0.30765047669410706,
0.30637428164482117,
0.2465154528617859,
0.5676491260528564,
0.14638103544712067,
-0.5457208752632141,
0.4806351959705353,
0.21876110136508942,
0.39926978945732117,
0.0056661260314285755,
-0.041451193392276764,
-0.3599298596382141,
-0.19895796477794647,
0.7508434057235718,
0.5775479674339294,
0.2965864837169647,
-0.18851540982723236,
-0.32179954648017883,
0.5253240466117859,
0.39498624205589294,
0.3370284140110016,
0.05034394562244415,
-0.044543180614709854,
-0.29982689023017883,
-0.13199962675571442,
0.12230127304792404,
0.502685546875,
0.29204490780830383,
0.7432972192764282,
0.08990547806024551,
0.43310546875,
0.13647738099098206,
0.2012273669242859,
0.12676168978214264,
0.10930425673723221,
-0.3500421643257141,
-0.02282489463686943,
0.10965798050165176,
0.5322043895721436,
0.05809159576892853,
-0.7728604674339294,
0.03590995445847511,
0.3368696868419647,
0.04877159744501114,
-0.337158203125,
0.07683077454566956,
0.2925248444080353,
-0.21073220670223236,
-0.2388971447944641,
-0.4974254369735718,
-0.024692969396710396,
0.08520924299955368,
-0.2637162506580353,
-0.2477472424507141,
0.38991478085517883,
-0.07424510270357132,
0.45376864075660706,
-0.05374908447265625,
-0.3857976794242859,
0.34585848450660706,
-0.030207546427845955,
0.4535467028617859,
-0.11228387802839279,
0.3040216565132141,
0.5371537804603577,
0.4651322662830353,
-0.08780462294816971,
-0.04805963858962059,
-3.9714133739471436,
-0.20537219941616058,
-0.2428533434867859,
-0.12676168978214264,
0.19106222689151764,
0.01291151437908411,
0.5349786877632141,
0.1064453125,
-0.6113725304603577,
0.2754405736923218,
-0.04134700447320938,
-0.14673614501953125,
-0.5789018273353577,
0.5577392578125,
0.18370169401168823,
-0.03582347556948662,
0.3846879303455353,
0.3587535619735718,
0.12756624817848206,
-0.1932317614555359,
0.06879494339227676,
0.0030254016164690256,
0.2815718352794647,
-0.23277144134044647,
-0.04511885344982147,
-0.10780195891857147,
-0.261810302734375,
-0.27077415585517883,
-0.033665742725133896,
-0.05566960945725441,
-0.06556909531354904,
0.149024099111557,
0.5122957825660706,
-0.21273526549339294,
0.2036188244819641,
0.34096458554267883,
0.38771751523017883,
-0.3212890625,
0.3909135162830353,
0.21784557402133942,
0.07255970686674118,
0.24552224576473236,
0.33518287539482117,
0.05974682793021202,
0.02548113651573658,
0.3917125463485718,
-0.37802955508232117,
0.33522728085517883,
-0.1881103515625,
0.5266557335853577,
0.2540726959705353,
0.32961204648017883,
-0.31246671080589294,
0.2959539294242859,
0.2213495373725891,
-0.03818511962890625,
-0.6216930150985718,
0.3151744604110718,
0.18754716217517853,
0.14731945097446442,
0.011534257791936398,
-0.2600874602794647,
0.10369040817022324,
0.21105818450450897,
0.1927698254585266,
-0.028227372094988823,
-0.34352806210517883,
0.3120782971382141,
-0.18261927366256714,
-0.13867464661598206,
0.19739046692848206,
0.11125599592924118,
0.17271839082241058,
-0.1290300488471985,
0.21640847623348236,
0.4313187897205353,
-0.14575333893299103,
-0.09134466201066971,
0.4940740466117859,
-0.08122947067022324,
0.034485556185245514,
-0.45021751523017883,
-0.4271795153617859,
-0.010988235473632812,
2.1902520656585693,
0.3305109143257141,
2.205610752105713,
0.27298250794410706,
0.42452171444892883,
0.12561312317848206,
0.7227894067764282,
0.034905172884464264,
0.10295521467924118,
0.2563032805919647,
0.10040006041526794,
0.13507357239723206,
-0.4149059057235718,
0.15064586699008942,
-0.3837335705757141,
-0.06187577545642853,
0.49928978085517883,
-0.9581409692764282,
-0.1869000494480133,
-0.4304865002632141,
0.12370438873767853,
0.5410822033882141,
-0.30770596861839294,
0.4105668365955353,
0.04422135651111603,
-0.22194601595401764,
-0.22734971344470978,
0.5940607190132141,
-0.1293010711669922,
-0.4657759368419647,
-0.38820579648017883,
0.24245382845401764,
0.08789894729852676,
-0.3289240002632141,
-0.1656743884086609,
0.5972567200660706,
0.11782281845808029,
4.743252754211426,
-0.26226806640625,
-0.23534046113491058,
0.06885320693254471,
0.06840792298316956,
0.11950267106294632,
0.14449796080589294,
0.04786473885178566,
0.017467152327299118,
-0.02252197265625,
0.11633196473121643,
-0.16957508027553558,
0.13016024231910706,
-0.41257545351982117,
0.2628950774669647,
0.33930137753486633,
0.22584672272205353,
0.05841862037777901,
0.08918657898902893,
-0.05594981834292412,
-0.02639666385948658,
0.1511896252632141,
0.5555753111839294,
0.18308328092098236,
0.06791409850120544,
0.06965772807598114,
0.06513838469982147,
-0.27987393736839294,
-0.037101224064826965,
0.48203346133232117,
0.5717329382896423,
5.408735752105713,
0.11943747848272324,
-0.18340787291526794,
-0.3825128674507141,
0.059094514697790146,
0.3470015227794647,
0.18601296842098236,
-0.0394720584154129,
-0.22093893587589264,
-0.04992537200450897,
-0.20783580839633942,
-0.1446300894021988,
0.05129554122686386,
0.9142400622367859,
-0.04082697257399559,
0.08708624541759491,
-0.4232066869735718,
-0.013101057149469852,
0.31825950741767883,
-0.4348588287830353,
0.5004438757896423,
0.13929332792758942,
0.07663865387439728,
-0.29677513241767883,
0.00026668200735002756,
-0.0904468223452568,
-0.019163012504577637,
0.19301535189151764,
-0.3963068127632141,
-0.20099987089633942,
0.6105735301971436,
-0.04494268074631691,
0.0057421596720814705,
-0.04735766723752022,
-0.6219149231910706,
0.10375154763460159,
-0.04146246612071991,
0.13741649687290192,
-0.05842451751232147,
-0.370849609375,
0.3827681243419647,
0.39382103085517883,
-0.014978582039475441,
0.23146195709705353,
-0.3236028552055359,
0.07287042587995529,
0.036199744790792465,
-0.14005903899669647,
-0.4762073755264282,
-0.00830078125,
-0.09566705673933029,
-0.10404820740222931,
0.9955610632896423,
0.4333052337169647,
0.046200837939977646,
0.3755548596382141,
0.14263153076171875,
-0.15158914029598236,
0.6109508275985718,
-0.09702717512845993,
0.46444424986839294,
0.03407391533255577,
0.0661294236779213,
0.38242408633232117,
0.600341796875,
0.7112482190132141,
0.2668956518173218,
0.25808992981910706,
0.6012073755264282,
-0.27181729674339294,
0.24363847076892853,
0.3518177270889282,
0.12202870100736618,
0.5005104541778564,
-0.06919028609991074,
-0.28372469544410706,
-0.023303639143705368,
0.11732721328735352,
0.02456110157072544,
0.09250640869140625,
0.15406660735607147,
-0.09415505081415176,
-0.488525390625,
0.7287375926971436,
0.12273667007684708,
-0.410400390625,
0.14895907044410706,
-0.330322265625,
0.60888671875,
-0.3311212658882141,
-0.0884552001953125,
0.08639249205589294,
0.057345304638147354,
-0.047655973583459854,
0.4594282805919647,
0.11851882934570312,
0.5300737023353577,
-0.06941903382539749,
0.060352325439453125,
0.4380326569080353,
-0.28798606991767883,
0.13105912506580353,
0.43033114075660706,
-0.17208029329776764,
0.5916637182235718,
-0.21756258606910706,
-0.29024991393089294,
0.026314474642276764,
-0.06819291412830353,
-0.039833761751651764,
0.3308771252632141,
0.1303093582391739,
-0.3393055200576782,
-0.3766424059867859,
-0.1647942215204239
] |
2083
|
What is the number one industry in the county of Surrey in England?
|
[
{
"docid": "48189#28",
"text": "Surrey's most significant source of prosperity in the later Middle Ages was the production of woollen cloth, which emerged during that period as England's main export industry. The county was an early centre of English textile manufacturing, benefiting from the presence of deposits of fuller's earth, the rare mineral composite important in the process of finishing cloth, around Reigate and Nutfield. The industry in Surrey was focused on Guildford, which gave its name to a variety of cloth, \"gilforte\", which was exported widely across Europe and the Middle East and imitated by manufacturers elsewhere in Europe. However, as the English cloth industry expanded, Surrey was outstripped by other growing regions of production.\nThough Surrey was not the scene of serious fighting in the various rebellions and civil wars of the period, armies from Kent heading for London via Southwark passed through what were then the extreme north-eastern fringes of Surrey during the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 and Cade's Rebellion in 1450, and at various stages of the Wars of the Roses in 1460, 1469 and 1471. The upheaval of 1381 also involved widespread local unrest in Surrey, as was the case all across south-eastern England, and some recruits from Surrey joined the Kentish rebel army.",
"title": "Surrey"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "48189#8",
"text": "Surrey is the most wooded county in England, with 22.4% coverage compared to a national average of 11.8% and as such is one of the few counties not to recommend new woodlands in the subordinate planning authorities' plans. Box Hill has the oldest untouched area of natural woodland in the UK, one of the oldest in Europe. Surrey also contains England's principal concentration of lowland heath, on sandy soils in the west of the county.\nAgriculture not being intensive, there are many commons and access lands, together with an extensive network of footpaths and bridleways including the North Downs Way, a scenic long-distance path. Accordingly, Surrey provides many rural and semi-rural leisure activities, with a large horse population in modern terms.",
"title": "Surrey"
},
{
"docid": "766575#0",
"text": "Surrey County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the historic county of Surrey and also South London. The club's limited overs team is called \"Surrey\" (unlike most other counties' teams, it has no official nickname). The club was founded in 1845 but teams representing the county have played top-class cricket since the early 18th century and the club has always held first-class status. Surrey have competed in the County Championship since the official start of the competition in 1890 and have played in every top-level domestic cricket competition in England.",
"title": "Surrey County Cricket Club"
},
{
"docid": "9099352#2",
"text": "Surrey is one of the historic counties of England, located south of the River Thames, in south east England. The constituency comprised the whole county. (Although Surrey contained eight towns which were boroughs for at least part of the time the county was a constituency - Bletchingley, Farnham, Gatton, Guildford, Haslemere, Kingston upon Thames, Reigate and Southwark - each of which elected two MPs in their own right, these were not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the boroughs could confer a vote at the county election.)",
"title": "Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)"
},
{
"docid": "48189#1",
"text": "Guildford is the county town, where Surrey County Council has never sat, based in London at Newington (Southwark), Lambeth, and finally today Kingston upon Thames, since 1965 within Greater London — it is outside its administrative area . The county has the highest proportion of woodland in England, being a rump (residual) county reduced by successive territory losses to London. Inhabited by about 1.1 million people, Surrey is the third-most-populous county of the nine in the South East, under the region's official definition which excludes Essex and other counties usually, colloquially, considered to be in the South East of England.",
"title": "Surrey"
},
{
"docid": "9078583#0",
"text": "Jacobs Well or Jacobswell is a small village in Surrey, England, of 20th century creation, with a population of 1,171. The village forms a northern outskirt of Guildford, in the civil parish of Worplesdon which can be considered the mother village of medieval date to the west. The Stoke Hill part of Stringers Common, Slyfield Industrial Estate and a Surrey County Council general waste transfer station to the south form the narrowest of its buffer zones to all sides, separating the Slyfield part of Guildford from the village.",
"title": "Jacobs Well, Surrey"
},
{
"docid": "766575#19",
"text": "The 2000s saw the retirement of Alec Stewart, Mark Butcher, Graham Thorpe and Martin Bicknell, who all represented England, as well as Saqlain Mushtaq who played for Pakistan. Another England player in Mark Ramprakash had joined Surrey in 2001 and, despite the club's travails, became the nineteenth player to pass 15,000 first-class runs for the county, doing so at an average of over 70. Surrey did not threaten to achieve a return to Division One of the County Championship after their relegation, or to win either 40-over competition until 2011. However, the club did have more luck in the Twenty20 Cup following victory in 2003, reaching finals day in 2004, 2005 and 2006, but failing to win the competition. 2011 saw a revival in the team's fortunes. They achieved a return to Division One of the County Championship by the margin of a single point, as they won their final four games of the season. They also won the CB40 competition.",
"title": "Surrey County Cricket Club"
},
{
"docid": "7997646#0",
"text": "Surrey County Cricket Club is one of eighteen county teams in England that play first-class cricket. The club is based in Kennington (formerly part of the county of Surrey). It was founded in 1845 after securing a lease on The Oval for its use as a cricket field. Surrey played their first first-class cricket match in 1846 against Marylebone Cricket Club and have gone on to win the County Championship on nineteen occasions, a figure bettered only by Yorkshire. The club have played both List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket since their introductions into the English game in 1963 and 2003 respectively. The player appointed club captain leads the side in all their fixtures, except when unavailable through injury or some other reason. Players who captained the side as substitute for the official club captain are not included in the list below.",
"title": "List of Surrey cricket captains"
},
{
"docid": "13061109#5",
"text": "Travel Surrey operated one depot in Byfleet. It was in two parts, held 50 buses, and operated Surrey County Council routes 218, 400, 426, 438, 441, 446, 451, 461, 471, 472, 513, 514, 515, 515A, 555, 557, 564, 566, 567, 570, 571, 572, 574, 637, 662, 663, 690. The parts were at either end of the Wintersells Industrial Estate.",
"title": "Travel Surrey"
},
{
"docid": "3533123#3",
"text": "The council is responsible for a number of local public services in Surrey. These include the standard responsibilities of county councils in England and Wales such as transport and highway management, waste disposal (but not collection) and education.",
"title": "Surrey County Council"
}
] |
[
-0.04050707817077637,
0.1445941925048828,
-0.27295494079589844,
-0.10253238677978516,
-0.14606285095214844,
0.46295166015625,
0.43355560302734375,
-0.4185333251953125,
0.052602291107177734,
0.1912245750427246,
-0.18246078491210938,
-0.3103752136230469,
-0.51678466796875,
0.27249622344970703,
-0.176422119140625,
-0.3036231994628906,
0.4278564453125,
-0.032843828201293945,
-0.15692377090454102,
0.09458541870117188,
0.4289703369140625,
0.633392333984375,
0.3449211120605469,
0.310821533203125,
0.11121559143066406,
-0.3964385986328125,
-0.4613800048828125,
0.21891021728515625,
-0.2604846954345703,
0.22222137451171875,
0.13670611381530762,
0.04414069652557373,
0.02691793441772461,
0.5780792236328125,
-0.6519012451171875,
0.55078125,
0.14706972241401672,
0.2334423065185547,
0.058643341064453125,
0.1743011474609375,
0.2690849304199219,
-0.11436271667480469,
0.2925872802734375,
-0.03429985046386719,
0.6175384521484375,
-0.2660999298095703,
-0.2848479747772217,
0.06850624084472656,
-0.42768096923828125,
0.6612091064453125,
-0.02771162986755371,
-0.16825485229492188,
0.15212535858154297,
0.11794757843017578,
-0.22266006469726562,
0.6538543701171875,
-0.11209774017333984,
0.755523681640625,
0.35811614990234375,
0.06148087978363037,
0.25749969482421875,
0.24074172973632812,
-0.021344780921936035,
0.1732044219970703,
0.026042133569717407,
0.50921630859375,
-0.1031498908996582,
0.5378570556640625,
0.22341537475585938,
0.3400421142578125,
-0.0835423469543457,
0.355910062789917,
0.37143707275390625,
0.20865276455879211,
-0.08294534683227539,
-0.5767059326171875,
0.009003698825836182,
0.11675906181335449,
-0.137847900390625,
-0.5118865966796875,
0.18791580200195312,
-0.20852065086364746,
-0.1318950653076172,
-0.02713608741760254,
-0.16405105590820312,
0.599822998046875,
-0.0038776397705078125,
-0.1017603874206543,
-0.08952057361602783,
0.4345245361328125,
-0.4455108642578125,
-0.10554027557373047,
-0.14534902572631836,
0.04657411575317383,
0.21856117248535156,
0.3513336181640625,
0.0392608642578125,
-0.15597045421600342,
0.08470392227172852,
0.06533682346343994,
0.11868476867675781,
-0.22282028198242188,
-0.013768434524536133,
0.501617431640625,
0.356536865234375,
-0.5491943359375,
-0.38062286376953125,
-0.2624053955078125,
0.3279151916503906,
0.5235748291015625,
0.24183368682861328,
-0.2890472412109375,
0.045859575271606445,
0.04716205596923828,
0.4470367431640625,
0.2832756042480469,
0.18758010864257812,
-0.25404930114746094,
-0.2190302610397339,
-0.90850830078125,
0.2055816650390625,
0.0897512435913086,
-0.3271942138671875,
-0.30527496337890625,
-0.3431549072265625,
-0.05039024353027344,
0.3633575439453125,
-0.4425048828125,
0.4010009765625,
0.6593017578125,
0.196380615234375,
-0.0556793212890625,
0.54400634765625,
0.5789642333984375,
-0.07099008560180664,
0.010123729705810547,
0.611175537109375,
0.02197265625,
0.019618988037109375,
-0.5128631591796875,
0.052994489669799805,
-0.17458343505859375,
0.09624195098876953,
0.484527587890625,
-0.27181053161621094,
0.045350074768066406,
0.25933837890625,
0.36774444580078125,
0.08911514282226562,
-0.057643160223960876,
0.12566471099853516,
-0.023615360260009766,
-0.12713241577148438,
0.29007720947265625,
-0.23931121826171875,
-0.3629913330078125,
-0.10522967576980591,
0.10578608512878418,
0.3005523681640625,
-0.31237030029296875,
0.65478515625,
0.3357810974121094,
0.20425796508789062,
0.14912939071655273,
0.10830020904541016,
-0.026328325271606445,
-0.1450653076171875,
0.5277252197265625,
0.614349365234375,
-0.3550567626953125,
-0.39926910400390625,
0.08470344543457031,
-0.0010170340538024902,
-0.3651885986328125,
0.13040077686309814,
0.1112661361694336,
-0.5487518310546875,
0.0053806304931640625,
0.3301544189453125,
-0.2178955078125,
0.089935302734375,
0.744964599609375,
0.5107650756835938,
0.20218849182128906,
0.5539093017578125,
0.3596954345703125,
-0.2595558166503906,
-0.0968770980834961,
0.0822698175907135,
-0.2391986846923828,
0.19562911987304688,
-0.528076171875,
0.7039947509765625,
-0.06798553466796875,
0.20899200439453125,
0.21140670776367188,
-0.24566650390625,
0.4320220947265625,
-0.08949661254882812,
0.258636474609375,
0.073394775390625,
0.028130054473876953,
-0.581329345703125,
-0.10114240646362305,
0.211090087890625,
-0.606719970703125,
0.35976409912109375,
0.5493316650390625,
-0.0798196792602539,
0.030955791473388672,
-0.1002342700958252,
-0.004225015640258789,
0.23406219482421875,
0.3964080810546875,
-0.09331893920898438,
-0.0499575138092041,
0.04122447967529297,
-0.36307525634765625,
0.3956108093261719,
0.08323860168457031,
0.0923309326171875,
0.71075439453125,
0.08183860778808594,
0.11140918731689453,
0.2582864761352539,
-0.16162490844726562,
0.09950840473175049,
-0.53118896484375,
0.11937928199768066,
-0.07359778881072998,
0.77288818359375,
-0.35736083984375,
0.20656967163085938,
-0.50018310546875,
0.635162353515625,
0.17086219787597656,
0.1447286605834961,
0.14635515213012695,
0.015315622091293335,
-0.042695045471191406,
0.33657073974609375,
0.011749744415283203,
-0.1324979066848755,
-0.023703575134277344,
0.256134033203125,
-0.6226043701171875,
0.32268524169921875,
0.19512319564819336,
-0.2890625,
-0.21931838989257812,
-0.029674679040908813,
-0.2861328125,
-0.050977230072021484,
0.32513427734375,
-0.053917884826660156,
0.17937088012695312,
0.11385154724121094,
-0.027121543884277344,
-0.22469615936279297,
0.05145263671875,
0.2559051513671875,
0.15021991729736328,
0.2644615173339844,
0.4124603271484375,
-0.3416252136230469,
0.094871886074543,
0.03710532188415527,
0.35898590087890625,
0.32176971435546875,
0.54229736328125,
0.3329448699951172,
-0.014696359634399414,
0.1687908172607422,
-0.05158555507659912,
-0.1481332778930664,
-0.06947851181030273,
0.06035657972097397,
-0.13318777084350586,
-0.371490478515625,
0.5520706176757812,
0.04954886436462402,
-0.2218494415283203,
-0.2841796875,
0.03249359130859375,
-0.11511993408203125,
0.3963775634765625,
-0.2441253662109375,
-0.06413409113883972,
-0.5052337646484375,
0.1817312240600586,
0.89886474609375,
0.260528564453125,
0.1850123405456543,
-0.2261199951171875,
0.05946540832519531,
0.48375701904296875,
-0.24201393127441406,
0.031167984008789062,
0.02399158477783203,
-0.06793561577796936,
0.37852001190185547,
-0.32708740234375,
-0.024187564849853516,
0.15381813049316406,
-0.08457803726196289,
-0.3369903564453125,
0.0003628730773925781,
0.41515350341796875,
-0.28667449951171875,
0.580535888671875,
0.798187255859375,
-0.11922550201416016,
-0.027286052703857422,
0.17721176147460938,
0.13257014751434326,
0.35980987548828125,
0.5713882446289062,
-0.00044417381286621094,
0.1204385757446289,
-0.037226706743240356,
-0.03450882434844971,
-0.2669525146484375,
-0.3464508056640625,
0.1973881721496582,
0.4081382751464844,
-0.3844795227050781,
0.12228775024414062,
-0.10685920715332031,
0.28728485107421875,
0.19579195976257324,
0.1548609733581543,
0.745269775390625,
-0.36991119384765625,
-0.23240280151367188,
0.3216590881347656,
0.2443695068359375,
-0.31838226318359375,
0.2572135925292969,
-0.20739173889160156,
-0.36296844482421875,
-0.22314071655273438,
0.4065704345703125,
0.1210169792175293,
0.425445556640625,
-0.2348804473876953,
0.01946282386779785,
-0.3099365234375,
-0.4335784912109375,
0.22236061096191406,
0.15945053100585938,
0.1651172637939453,
-0.012153148651123047,
-0.47678375244140625,
0.3949756622314453,
-0.04470640420913696,
0.3569908142089844,
0.2897052764892578,
0.451873779296875,
0.4928436279296875,
-0.291839599609375,
0.1914825439453125,
0.46649169921875,
0.19572830200195312,
0.2163848876953125,
0.394500732421875,
0.007084369659423828,
-0.16315209865570068,
0.2496635615825653,
0.29656028747558594,
-0.23293781280517578,
0.2237110137939453,
0.19260406494140625,
0.4709320068359375,
0.08221054077148438,
-0.08258247375488281,
-0.009263753890991211,
0.05600905418395996,
0.10130691528320312,
0.73712158203125,
-0.03966820240020752,
-0.2534465789794922,
0.4051666259765625,
0.3629913330078125,
0.051250457763671875,
0.046181440353393555,
-0.18787002563476562,
-0.14763545989990234,
-0.11451911926269531,
0.1161041259765625,
-0.3578338623046875,
0.18003273010253906,
-0.4486846923828125,
0.03896045684814453,
0.1354351043701172,
0.07652413845062256,
-0.3571319580078125,
-0.04160261154174805,
0.365203857421875,
0.35272216796875,
-0.13922119140625,
-0.12186431884765625,
0.1299193799495697,
0.3453865051269531,
0.23227500915527344,
4.1378173828125,
0.14119434356689453,
-0.03651142120361328,
-0.15779876708984375,
-0.63677978515625,
0.040836334228515625,
0.4087371826171875,
0.1779623031616211,
-0.08635902404785156,
0.21984481811523438,
-0.25577545166015625,
0.1710801124572754,
-0.06937885284423828,
0.06194877624511719,
0.03008037805557251,
-0.15697479248046875,
0.04115915298461914,
0.14635086059570312,
0.042374491691589355,
0.3523406982421875,
-0.3426361083984375,
0.4912872314453125,
0.041792869567871094,
0.019060969352722168,
0.5136642456054688,
-0.3799285888671875,
0.41291046142578125,
0.20429229736328125,
0.13155150413513184,
0.41300201416015625,
0.1039113998413086,
-0.05191069841384888,
-0.16390037536621094,
0.40387725830078125,
-0.959228515625,
0.31850433349609375,
0.514862060546875,
-0.051732540130615234,
0.24871063232421875,
0.040658026933670044,
-0.186920166015625,
-0.07648849487304688,
0.512664794921875,
0.49566650390625,
0.1786947250366211,
-0.26158905029296875,
-0.2802162170410156,
0.05193948745727539,
0.06997299194335938,
0.23549318313598633,
-0.015488862991333008,
-0.17505455017089844,
-0.02591705322265625,
-0.19327545166015625,
0.5062103271484375,
0.51776123046875,
0.08710670471191406,
0.15956568717956543,
-0.3061676025390625,
0.0809779167175293,
-0.31851959228515625,
0.3782806396484375,
-0.05310988426208496,
-0.009268045425415039,
-0.3054018020629883,
0.2471466064453125,
0.12460708618164062,
0.28484344482421875,
-0.4041404724121094,
-0.26964759826660156,
0.5388946533203125,
0.4098052978515625,
0.5410919189453125,
-0.15299415588378906,
0.011583089828491211,
0.855804443359375,
-0.3181915283203125,
0.23954200744628906,
0.05118560791015625,
0.1617431640625,
-0.05371654033660889,
-0.158522367477417,
0.11111068725585938,
0.3494110107421875,
-0.003307342529296875,
0.73187255859375,
0.1864147186279297,
-0.4756331443786621,
0.747406005859375,
-0.4330291748046875,
0.08810894191265106,
0.3671836853027344,
-0.06393969058990479,
0.5891876220703125,
0.13166522979736328,
-0.05908489227294922,
-0.02789163589477539,
-3.90625,
0.3544464111328125,
-0.205902099609375,
-0.04040253162384033,
0.11730766296386719,
0.42724609375,
0.44643402099609375,
0.17330455780029297,
-0.18713760375976562,
0.04690742492675781,
0.0885915756225586,
0.031507134437561035,
-0.069580078125,
0.1440134048461914,
0.0648508071899414,
0.28905487060546875,
0.68572998046875,
0.33868408203125,
0.12183952331542969,
-0.3351936340332031,
0.2297353744506836,
0.40148162841796875,
0.5239715576171875,
-0.14717674255371094,
0.004768848419189453,
0.2340240478515625,
-0.07963728904724121,
0.04170083999633789,
-0.043613433837890625,
0.20495223999023438,
0.146514892578125,
-0.133109450340271,
0.3403167724609375,
-0.25902557373046875,
0.1309652328491211,
0.4654731750488281,
0.36258506774902344,
-0.5217475891113281,
0.4134521484375,
0.0334932804107666,
-0.25583839416503906,
0.02113628387451172,
0.4097900390625,
0.005461454391479492,
-0.16090774536132812,
0.23653411865234375,
-0.20856857299804688,
-0.02182459831237793,
0.04525899887084961,
0.4883995056152344,
-0.0032515525817871094,
0.23054885864257812,
-0.039337158203125,
-0.11793899536132812,
0.2070331573486328,
-0.04293656349182129,
0.11043834686279297,
0.27734375,
0.6550750732421875,
0.26910400390625,
0.83135986328125,
-0.12508010864257812,
-0.0009679794311523438,
-0.17988252639770508,
0.019000709056854248,
-0.16097211837768555,
0.23613929748535156,
0.0024518966674804688,
0.3992156982421875,
-0.22744989395141602,
0.19837570190429688,
0.10413217544555664,
0.490753173828125,
0.3555278778076172,
0.045537471771240234,
-0.18524169921875,
-0.26800537109375,
-0.1392192840576172,
0.5956878662109375,
0.11802387237548828,
0.19620150327682495,
-0.2543907165527344,
-0.35036468505859375,
0.2813262939453125,
2.2081298828125,
0.63214111328125,
2.23577880859375,
0.0873415470123291,
-0.12375569343566895,
-0.08833122253417969,
0.19831931591033936,
0.09055933356285095,
-0.06553316116333008,
0.26392364501953125,
0.96295166015625,
0.09483146667480469,
-0.10828971862792969,
0.22365474700927734,
0.20159912109375,
0.21184539794921875,
0.2958526611328125,
-1.2314453125,
0.04639863967895508,
-0.020147323608398438,
0.5524139404296875,
0.583648681640625,
-0.21959567070007324,
0.11152935028076172,
0.18131446838378906,
-0.16425800323486328,
-0.42279815673828125,
0.29273223876953125,
0.09446382522583008,
-0.15395498275756836,
-0.17702484130859375,
-0.07404178380966187,
0.1791534423828125,
-0.07507991790771484,
0.2846412658691406,
0.31882476806640625,
-0.019209466874599457,
4.723388671875,
0.3341217041015625,
0.21506500244140625,
-0.523345947265625,
0.08749771118164062,
0.20152759552001953,
0.11092966794967651,
-0.11480998992919922,
-0.315460205078125,
0.21221160888671875,
-0.04786205291748047,
0.48995208740234375,
0.08820533752441406,
0.388336181640625,
-0.07089042663574219,
-0.03184652328491211,
0.18378901481628418,
0.0011920928955078125,
0.16891860961914062,
0.3230323791503906,
0.3836669921875,
-0.027575254440307617,
0.7466583251953125,
-0.10387802124023438,
0.2253246307373047,
0.51031494140625,
-0.1081547737121582,
0.1745624542236328,
0.041601598262786865,
0.08104181289672852,
-0.06573772430419922,
5.400390625,
0.07844352722167969,
-0.010908585041761398,
0.012070655822753906,
-0.15430450439453125,
0.11777973175048828,
-0.11671781539916992,
0.12669157981872559,
-0.5353851318359375,
-0.03537154197692871,
-0.28936767578125,
0.05749976634979248,
-0.13510513305664062,
0.06808233261108398,
-0.20242023468017578,
0.1711139678955078,
-0.21775054931640625,
-0.1510944366455078,
0.1190839409828186,
-0.14688873291015625,
0.4181785583496094,
0.04051685333251953,
0.263627290725708,
-0.24639129638671875,
0.03627967834472656,
-0.3108646869659424,
0.16293716430664062,
0.39227294921875,
-0.0377039909362793,
0.11127328872680664,
0.553985595703125,
0.08166694641113281,
0.004121363162994385,
0.6093597412109375,
-0.12462902069091797,
0.24539566040039062,
0.718231201171875,
0.357940673828125,
0.0333101749420166,
0.2288990020751953,
-0.14550328254699707,
0.6422119140625,
-0.36058807373046875,
0.2597808837890625,
-0.19672393798828125,
-0.3249797821044922,
0.13027071952819824,
0.2970123291015625,
-0.2081756591796875,
0.07800016552209854,
-0.3208574056625366,
-0.07588931918144226,
0.749969482421875,
0.35462188720703125,
0.4462413787841797,
0.498779296875,
0.004038810729980469,
-0.08333015441894531,
-0.08335566520690918,
0.16749000549316406,
0.394927978515625,
0.1107025146484375,
0.3507843017578125,
0.2706336975097656,
0.30242156982421875,
0.465972900390625,
0.498748779296875,
-0.16429901123046875,
0.5208740234375,
-0.1567535400390625,
0.1267566680908203,
0.22280359268188477,
0.1606903076171875,
0.3521537780761719,
0.11682415008544922,
-0.11958968639373779,
0.16587352752685547,
-0.20494461059570312,
-0.3796234130859375,
-0.039813995361328125,
-0.00746995210647583,
-0.678497314453125,
-0.3520660400390625,
0.020955771207809448,
-0.06184816360473633,
-0.20255470275878906,
0.3731718063354492,
-0.3061370849609375,
0.4034233093261719,
0.61968994140625,
0.33061981201171875,
0.77215576171875,
0.07618331909179688,
0.30492401123046875,
-0.237457275390625,
-0.2298126220703125,
0.028243541717529297,
0.27111053466796875,
0.17229938507080078,
0.1477804183959961,
0.11584663391113281,
-0.01882113516330719,
0.1564350128173828,
-0.2813453674316406,
0.345306396484375,
-0.06641101837158203,
-0.2289276123046875,
0.10686063766479492,
-0.0887289047241211,
0.22245550155639648,
0.36376953125,
-0.0220654159784317,
-0.2292327880859375,
0.03335070610046387,
-0.008162260055541992
] |
2086
|
Is UT a research campus?
|
[
{
"docid": "2185578#9",
"text": "Despite all this, a significant amount of the campus remains undeveloped. While there are roads throughout the campus, many of them border empty plots of land. UT administrators have announced plans to eventually develop the PRC into a full-fledged campus, but they are only preliminary. Visitors will also observe numerous bluebonnets, the Texas state flower, at the PRC. They are visible outside the campus from Burnet Road, but can be found in various places throughout the site.The campus is served via Capital Metro as well, through a stop known as UT Research Campus.",
"title": "J. J. Pickle Research Campus"
},
{
"docid": "51873886#6",
"text": "The UT campus is a unique urban infrastructure, which territory incorporates educational classrooms, research and scientific centers, multiple laboratories, etc. The main territory of the UT campus is conveniently located in the historical part of the city of Tyumen. The student residencies are located here as well. Rector of the UT (since 2013) is , PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Chairman of the Tyumen region’s Council of University Rectors.",
"title": "University of Tyumen"
},
{
"docid": "151141#31",
"text": "The University of Texas at Dallas, also referred to as UT Dallas or UTD, is a public research university in the University of Texas System. Despite its name the UT Dallas main campus, consisting of approximately , is within the Richardson city limits at 800 West Campbell Road. The campus is sited with Campbell Road on the south, Floyd Road on the east, Waterview on the west, and Synergy Park Boulevard on the north. The university owns an additional in Richardson, adjacent to the campus, between Synergy Park Boulevard and the President George Bush Turnpike. The UTD Student Services building, completed in 2010, is the first academic structure in Texas to be rated a LEED Platinum facility by the United States Green Building Council. During 2016, construction was completed on the Student Services Building addition. New projects include an Alumni Center, a Brain Performance Institute and an engineering building as well as additional housing options. These enhancements are part of a campus renovation that has included hundreds of millions of dollars of investment in new and upgraded buildings since 2009. For the fall 2016 semester, UT Dallas had a total of 26,793 enrolled students.",
"title": "Richardson, Texas"
},
{
"docid": "28923831#18",
"text": "The total research endowment of the UT Knoxville campus was $127,983,213 for FY 2006. UT Knoxville boasts several faculty who are among the leading contributors to their fields, including Harry McSween, generally recognized as one of the world's leading experts in the study of meteorites and a member of the science team for Mars Pathfinder and later a co-investigator for the Mars Odyssey and Mars Exploration Rovers projects. The university also hosts Barry T. Rouse, an international award-winning Distinguished Professor of Microbiology who has conducted multiple NIH-funded studies on the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and who is a leading researcher in his field. UT's agricultural research programs are considered to be among the most accomplished in the nation, and the School of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources is home to the East Tennessee Clean Fuels Initiative, recognized by the United States Department of Energy as the \"best local clean fuels program in America.\".",
"title": "University of Tennessee"
},
{
"docid": "906409#0",
"text": "The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA or UT Arlington) is a public research university located in Arlington, Texas, midway between Dallas and Fort Worth. The spring 2017 campus enrollment consisted of 41,933 students making it the largest university in North Texas and fourth largest in Texas. UT Arlington is the third largest producer of college graduates in Texas and offers over 180 baccalaureate, masters, and doctoral degree programs.",
"title": "University of Texas at Arlington"
},
{
"docid": "33431636#0",
"text": "The University of Toledo, commonly referred to as U of Toledo or UT, is a public research university located in Toledo, Ohio, United States. The university also operates a Health Science campus, which includes the University of Toledo Medical Center, in the West Toledo neighborhood of Toledo; a satellite campus in the Scott Park neighborhood of Toledo; the Center for the Visual Arts is located in downtown Toledo at the Toledo Museum of Art; and a research and education facility, known as the Lake Erie Center, is at the Maumee Bay State Park.",
"title": "University of Toledo"
},
{
"docid": "27349308#0",
"text": "The University of Texas at Dallas (also referred to as UT Dallas or UTD) is a public research university in the University of Texas System. The main campus is in the heart of the Richardson, Texas, Telecom Corridor, 18 miles north of downtown Dallas. UT Dallas people includes an Antarctic explorer, an astronaut, members of the National Academies, two Nobel laureates, a writer and folklorist, a member of India's Parliament, the founder of the world's first molecular nanotechnology company and others who have achieved prominent careers in business, government, engineering, science, medicine, the arts and education.",
"title": "List of University of Texas at Dallas people"
},
{
"docid": "537010#0",
"text": "The University of Texas at Dallas (UTD or UT Dallas) is a public research university in the University of Texas System. The main campus is in the Richardson, Texas, Telecom Corridor, north of Downtown Dallas. The institution, established in 1961 as the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest and later renamed the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (SCAS), began as a research arm of Texas Instruments. In 1969, the founders bequeathed SCAS to the state of Texas, officially creating the University of Texas at Dallas.",
"title": "University of Texas at Dallas"
},
{
"docid": "537010#19",
"text": "The main campus is near the Richardson, Texas, Telecom Corridor, north of downtown Dallas, on the boundary of Dallas and Collin counties. UT Dallas owns generally contiguous land in Richardson, Texas consisting of approximately for campus development and another adjacent to the campus. UTD's Waterview Science & Technology Center and the Research and Operations Center, a leased building, are adjacent to the main campus, on the west side of Waterview Parkway in the Dallas, Texas city limits. UTD's Callier Center, 8 buildings, is on adjacent to the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in the city of Dallas and nearby the Center for BrainHealth, a single building, on . UTD's artist residency CentralTrak is located East of downtown Dallas one block away from Fair Park. The city of Richardson, Texas passed a bond election on May 8, 2010, which allocated $2.8 million in funding for a UT Dallas loop road to connect the roads around campus. The loop road will be designed to help keep traffic contained within the campus, rather than on the city's roads. The \"UTD Mercury\" noted in a February 15, 2011 article that a lack of on-campus parking has been an ongoing problem. Additional parking lots were added in 2011 and 2012. However, due to the continued increase in enrollment, the lack of available parking spaces continues to be a frustrating issue for the students. Responding to continued enrollment growth the University of Texas System Board of Regents approved plans for three UTD parking structure to be completed by 2015. The five-story structures will add an additional 2,250 spaces. \"The Princeton Review's Guide to 332 Green Colleges: 2014 Edition\" recognized UTD for their green campus efforts.",
"title": "University of Texas at Dallas"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "28923831#0",
"text": "The University of Tennessee (also referred to as The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, UT Knoxville, UTK, or UT) is a public sun- and land-grant university in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Founded in 1794, two years before Tennessee became the 16th state, it is the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee system, with ten undergraduate colleges and eleven graduate colleges. It hosts almost 28,000 students from all 50 states and more than 100 foreign countries. In its 2019 universities ranking, \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked UT 115th among all national universities and 52nd among public institutions of higher learning. Seven alumni have been selected as Rhodes Scholars. James M. Buchanan, M.S. '41, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics. UT's ties to nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory, established under UT President Andrew Holt and continued under the UT–Battelle partnership, allow for considerable research opportunities for faculty and students.",
"title": "University of Tennessee"
}
] |
[
0.67059326171875,
0.630096435546875,
-0.1578216552734375,
0.1703958511352539,
-0.05962228775024414,
-0.17043304443359375,
0.583831787109375,
-0.285858154296875,
0.32916259765625,
0.13485145568847656,
0.018222808837890625,
-0.2508087158203125,
-0.202545166015625,
-0.369964599609375,
-0.52740478515625,
-0.486419677734375,
0.530792236328125,
-0.470001220703125,
-0.28936100006103516,
-0.15952301025390625,
0.014804601669311523,
0.498046875,
0.460601806640625,
-0.08158397674560547,
-0.1486053466796875,
0.20737457275390625,
-0.336517333984375,
0.49310302734375,
-0.17752838134765625,
0.3241119384765625,
0.4246826171875,
-0.0901947021484375,
-0.07245844602584839,
0.436431884765625,
-0.3284912109375,
0.20280838012695312,
0.34326171875,
0.3525390625,
0.3163909912109375,
0.448822021484375,
-0.02878570556640625,
0.2634429931640625,
0.525909423828125,
-0.2040252685546875,
0.2922821044921875,
0.10339736938476562,
0.27840423583984375,
0.006988048553466797,
-0.2504158020019531,
0.5371856689453125,
-0.3514404296875,
-0.225738525390625,
-0.056171417236328125,
-0.10460853576660156,
-0.24196624755859375,
0.24539947509765625,
0.4077301025390625,
0.26300048828125,
-0.2772369384765625,
0.09088897705078125,
0.42120361328125,
-0.0073089599609375,
0.1065511703491211,
0.04759979248046875,
0.008076667785644531,
0.395660400390625,
0.05570030212402344,
0.147369384765625,
0.03007030487060547,
0.16236114501953125,
-0.2335968017578125,
0.416656494140625,
0.328765869140625,
0.004033565521240234,
-0.2354888916015625,
0.05313587188720703,
-0.09787654876708984,
-0.385650634765625,
0.703369140625,
-0.30478668212890625,
0.11470413208007812,
-0.2041473388671875,
-0.06708717346191406,
0.42138671875,
-0.056174278259277344,
0.45953369140625,
-0.06672954559326172,
0.017358779907226562,
-0.0545806884765625,
0.350555419921875,
-0.1198883056640625,
0.266876220703125,
-0.1325368881225586,
0.061804771423339844,
0.3526611328125,
0.546417236328125,
0.3175201416015625,
-0.27451324462890625,
0.3330841064453125,
-0.19741058349609375,
-0.08903121948242188,
-0.1242532730102539,
0.014263153076171875,
0.653594970703125,
0.407928466796875,
-0.3685150146484375,
-0.2875213623046875,
0.19426536560058594,
0.29172515869140625,
0.6346435546875,
-0.2176055908203125,
-0.05316925048828125,
0.030164480209350586,
-0.489776611328125,
0.313140869140625,
0.390350341796875,
0.21335601806640625,
-0.2339630126953125,
-0.20435333251953125,
-1.11151123046875,
0.35504150390625,
0.4873046875,
-0.24286651611328125,
-0.1058197021484375,
-0.2451934814453125,
-0.09221649169921875,
0.402496337890625,
0.05530357360839844,
0.6099853515625,
0.77899169921875,
0.491302490234375,
0.25142669677734375,
0.35400390625,
0.63360595703125,
0.459259033203125,
-0.12406539916992188,
0.424407958984375,
-0.2550201416015625,
0.011581897735595703,
-0.5098876953125,
-0.253021240234375,
-0.20885276794433594,
-0.08649444580078125,
0.56353759765625,
-0.05593681335449219,
0.185516357421875,
0.09392166137695312,
0.2931060791015625,
0.13159942626953125,
-0.025485992431640625,
-0.11645030975341797,
0.014293447136878967,
-0.041866302490234375,
0.308746337890625,
-0.20966339111328125,
0.11840438842773438,
0.46246337890625,
0.2272491455078125,
0.3319549560546875,
-0.033233642578125,
0.76416015625,
0.3167724609375,
0.35320281982421875,
0.04370880126953125,
-0.03816413879394531,
0.3087005615234375,
-0.1423187255859375,
0.3808441162109375,
0.42510986328125,
-0.3127593994140625,
-0.08840179443359375,
0.06987762451171875,
-0.18434906005859375,
-0.14192962646484375,
0.13402938842773438,
0.2801361083984375,
-0.3435211181640625,
-0.0005819797515869141,
0.494171142578125,
-0.104156494140625,
-0.06637585163116455,
0.6593017578125,
0.009286880493164062,
0.1542816162109375,
0.470947265625,
0.14727783203125,
0.05356884002685547,
-0.3403167724609375,
-0.16028356552124023,
0.11402028799057007,
-0.05875563621520996,
-0.052593231201171875,
0.28931427001953125,
-0.06640350818634033,
0.09740400314331055,
0.14220046997070312,
0.11902618408203125,
0.523590087890625,
-0.03905487060546875,
0.16080474853515625,
0.29842376708984375,
-0.141876220703125,
-0.44647216796875,
-0.2173614501953125,
0.588409423828125,
-0.34757232666015625,
0.2071685791015625,
-0.1087646484375,
0.08963298797607422,
-0.019542694091796875,
-0.11882686614990234,
0.1548614501953125,
0.546478271484375,
-0.19904804229736328,
-0.154327392578125,
0.21282958984375,
-0.02252054214477539,
-0.06751251220703125,
0.550048828125,
0.11614227294921875,
-0.23175048828125,
0.474822998046875,
-0.26808929443359375,
0.058582305908203125,
-0.107940673828125,
-0.08791351318359375,
-0.03620338439941406,
-0.50946044921875,
0.1585845947265625,
0.356201171875,
0.266510009765625,
0.2190399169921875,
0.02634429931640625,
-0.1649770736694336,
0.2074432373046875,
0.601898193359375,
0.03801727294921875,
0.2733612060546875,
-0.3936767578125,
0.16371917724609375,
0.017925262451171875,
-0.19251251220703125,
-0.10918617248535156,
0.2644767761230469,
0.43365478515625,
-0.36370086669921875,
0.560211181640625,
-0.10369873046875,
-0.2375030517578125,
-0.06977272033691406,
0.07506561279296875,
-0.24576568603515625,
-0.08847236633300781,
0.527984619140625,
-0.340850830078125,
0.14650726318359375,
0.08393096923828125,
-0.09548473358154297,
0.1603546142578125,
0.447906494140625,
-0.3227996826171875,
-0.016192913055419922,
0.2923583984375,
0.16069793701171875,
0.21275711059570312,
-0.18229007720947266,
0.027812480926513672,
0.38446044921875,
0.03331470489501953,
-0.09292984008789062,
0.7044677734375,
-0.513427734375,
0.02606201171875,
-0.021409988403320312,
-0.1892242431640625,
0.21416091918945312,
0.16646957397460938,
-0.031414031982421875,
-0.4407958984375,
-0.09612494707107544,
0.4757080078125,
-0.12009429931640625,
-0.2873077392578125,
0.486083984375,
-0.1165924072265625,
0.701812744140625,
-0.22796630859375,
-0.18988800048828125,
0.2826385498046875,
0.1336212158203125,
0.3002166748046875,
0.3837890625,
-0.0080336332321167,
-0.69921875,
-0.3887939453125,
0.412750244140625,
0.12232208251953125,
-0.008019447326660156,
-0.06238555908203125,
-0.019830703735351562,
0.472442626953125,
-0.7264404296875,
0.2826995849609375,
0.464691162109375,
-0.00440216064453125,
-0.18000459671020508,
-0.402069091796875,
-0.12848281860351562,
-0.32513427734375,
0.520965576171875,
0.3781280517578125,
-0.008556365966796875,
-0.2316436767578125,
0.2552337646484375,
0.693115234375,
0.374114990234375,
-0.17982864379882812,
-0.013899803161621094,
0.494354248046875,
0.094451904296875,
-0.3339385986328125,
-0.23907470703125,
-0.326873779296875,
0.04001808166503906,
0.3383331298828125,
-0.480377197265625,
0.160980224609375,
-0.428619384765625,
0.2199876308441162,
0.510284423828125,
-0.17531204223632812,
-0.13405227661132812,
0.17682647705078125,
-0.12066650390625,
0.11131477355957031,
0.215667724609375,
-0.13332366943359375,
0.602874755859375,
0.411224365234375,
-0.1662750244140625,
0.11431407928466797,
0.31561279296875,
0.04658222198486328,
0.284332275390625,
-0.2791013717651367,
-0.05807662010192871,
0.2488861083984375,
-0.06338882446289062,
0.03203928470611572,
0.023542404174804688,
0.3693084716796875,
-0.347991943359375,
-0.06406211853027344,
0.1833648681640625,
0.3657073974609375,
-0.22118377685546875,
0.1737823486328125,
0.420379638671875,
0.268310546875,
-0.27117919921875,
0.3488922119140625,
0.312286376953125,
0.16299819946289062,
-0.08452415466308594,
0.238372802734375,
0.1436767578125,
0.07691240310668945,
-0.3339385986328125,
-0.042339324951171875,
0.5394287109375,
-0.002834320068359375,
-0.2236480712890625,
0.333038330078125,
0.07111740112304688,
-0.2664337158203125,
0.03688764572143555,
-0.2375030517578125,
0.311920166015625,
0.55706787109375,
0.14215850830078125,
-0.11612558364868164,
0.469207763671875,
0.1926727294921875,
0.4246826171875,
-0.09091567993164062,
-0.10031557083129883,
-0.3653411865234375,
0.03528261184692383,
-0.0023802518844604492,
0.05156517028808594,
-0.09527969360351562,
-0.19164276123046875,
0.09363365173339844,
0.11758804321289062,
-0.554534912109375,
-0.1668243408203125,
0.031426429748535156,
0.2852630615234375,
0.39849853515625,
0.2603302001953125,
0.19638824462890625,
0.2951469421386719,
0.580474853515625,
0.3343048095703125,
4.1884765625,
-0.02611440420150757,
0.11782646179199219,
0.04883551597595215,
-0.03763723373413086,
0.3251495361328125,
0.65411376953125,
-0.4278717041015625,
0.04014015197753906,
-0.0665731430053711,
-0.230377197265625,
-0.1928253173828125,
-0.21360015869140625,
0.1589508056640625,
0.1592559814453125,
0.04630088806152344,
0.72821044921875,
0.14882659912109375,
0.2438812255859375,
0.51348876953125,
-0.313568115234375,
0.388336181640625,
0.323486328125,
0.10257530212402344,
0.22398757934570312,
0.3286285400390625,
0.3124542236328125,
0.11489105224609375,
0.344757080078125,
0.2218780517578125,
0.025221586227416992,
0.11728191375732422,
-0.12465286254882812,
0.2327728271484375,
-1.07281494140625,
-0.110931396484375,
0.51409912109375,
-0.13245773315429688,
-0.13168716430664062,
0.07799530029296875,
0.00858306884765625,
0.30853271484375,
-0.11760330200195312,
0.308135986328125,
0.246124267578125,
-0.051888465881347656,
-0.214385986328125,
0.509674072265625,
-0.12494659423828125,
0.3195343017578125,
0.0983734130859375,
0.2537202835083008,
0.10952377319335938,
-0.18738937377929688,
0.18487548828125,
0.31540679931640625,
0.0408015251159668,
0.09683990478515625,
-0.10204505920410156,
0.09133315086364746,
0.347869873046875,
-0.054688453674316406,
0.1420440673828125,
0.07609176635742188,
-0.41265869140625,
0.18128204345703125,
0.07585334777832031,
0.35595703125,
-0.439239501953125,
0.15573406219482422,
0.17407608032226562,
0.3590087890625,
0.2906646728515625,
-0.4009552001953125,
0.15181732177734375,
-0.284027099609375,
0.049948692321777344,
0.09619522094726562,
-0.04765892028808594,
0.08084678649902344,
0.08542442321777344,
-0.2642822265625,
0.349853515625,
0.2503509521484375,
0.26531982421875,
0.52252197265625,
0.3538970947265625,
0.04986858367919922,
0.379241943359375,
-0.17864990234375,
0.1838226318359375,
0.360137939453125,
0.11621665954589844,
0.408782958984375,
0.1824951171875,
0.06511116027832031,
0.000698089599609375,
-3.967041015625,
0.363800048828125,
0.057776451110839844,
-0.05902671813964844,
0.014782428741455078,
0.05944466590881348,
0.04239845275878906,
0.435089111328125,
-0.4310302734375,
0.377685546875,
0.46240234375,
0.2982177734375,
0.16806411743164062,
0.594879150390625,
0.242095947265625,
0.236541748046875,
0.28005218505859375,
0.2865142822265625,
-0.025299072265625,
-0.14274978637695312,
-0.018748998641967773,
0.4405517578125,
0.363433837890625,
0.1285686492919922,
0.3537139892578125,
0.386199951171875,
0.21463775634765625,
-0.322113037109375,
0.23103052377700806,
-0.14352262020111084,
0.175811767578125,
-0.405609130859375,
0.37042236328125,
-0.2970123291015625,
0.34521484375,
0.7012939453125,
0.2243804931640625,
0.545013427734375,
0.5394287109375,
0.52496337890625,
-0.012119293212890625,
-0.3255462646484375,
0.2999267578125,
0.1891021728515625,
0.13043594360351562,
0.1824951171875,
-0.02494335174560547,
-0.09573936462402344,
0.19942474365234375,
0.13109970092773438,
0.41949462890625,
0.20855712890625,
-0.3191680908203125,
-0.20703125,
0.47381591796875,
-0.186492919921875,
-0.22274017333984375,
-0.17248153686523438,
0.15533447265625,
0.17174530029296875,
0.15110015869140625,
0.16069602966308594,
-0.059711456298828125,
0.5682373046875,
-0.059356689453125,
-0.277313232421875,
0.510498046875,
-0.02216339111328125,
0.25513458251953125,
-0.2770843505859375,
-0.1876983642578125,
0.19011688232421875,
0.2678070068359375,
-0.17049217224121094,
0.256591796875,
-0.21185302734375,
-0.1317291259765625,
-0.16431427001953125,
0.47540283203125,
0.1409306526184082,
-0.245086669921875,
-0.14110946655273438,
-0.3599853515625,
0.10011982917785645,
2.3829345703125,
0.1970062255859375,
2.1304931640625,
0.3067626953125,
0.16220664978027344,
0.34283447265625,
-0.5059928894042969,
0.09215927124023438,
0.079345703125,
0.03277015686035156,
0.09466028213500977,
-0.008627891540527344,
-0.09723663330078125,
0.22656631469726562,
-0.11673736572265625,
-0.2998199462890625,
0.33092498779296875,
-0.89471435546875,
-0.2759552001953125,
-0.0258636474609375,
0.03335285186767578,
0.54266357421875,
0.047557830810546875,
0.652099609375,
-0.06747055053710938,
-0.16796875,
-0.2163848876953125,
-0.05941200256347656,
-0.2022857666015625,
-0.03409433364868164,
-0.03842926025390625,
0.347015380859375,
0.13332152366638184,
0.266021728515625,
0.15453338623046875,
0.31744384765625,
-0.25726318359375,
4.701171875,
0.310394287109375,
-0.14037704467773438,
-0.16613006591796875,
0.14238739013671875,
0.04126548767089844,
0.2896728515625,
-0.11434173583984375,
-0.18132781982421875,
-0.07486152648925781,
0.2576751708984375,
0.61676025390625,
0.06345272064208984,
0.2176513671875,
0.39422607421875,
0.28460693359375,
0.014965057373046875,
0.1340789794921875,
-0.019004181027412415,
0.04992389678955078,
0.03528785705566406,
0.0738067626953125,
0.52978515625,
0.05133056640625,
-0.20270919799804688,
0.23524093627929688,
-0.177734375,
0.0501556396484375,
-0.12312889099121094,
-0.2759857177734375,
0.2937164306640625,
5.4423828125,
-0.2066812515258789,
0.3152618408203125,
-0.22538375854492188,
-0.11257171630859375,
0.16077804565429688,
-0.532073974609375,
0.12276840209960938,
-0.211578369140625,
-0.13054656982421875,
-0.18016815185546875,
0.605438232421875,
-0.12549591064453125,
0.23854827880859375,
0.019897818565368652,
0.49224853515625,
-0.16384124755859375,
-0.035678863525390625,
-0.041541099548339844,
-0.155731201171875,
0.565032958984375,
0.58660888671875,
0.0009219646453857422,
-0.582183837890625,
-0.4379119873046875,
-0.45947265625,
-0.371917724609375,
0.495208740234375,
0.1570892333984375,
0.03896331787109375,
0.370880126953125,
-0.08867263793945312,
0.21945810317993164,
0.17957305908203125,
0.08247566223144531,
0.1785430908203125,
0.524871826171875,
0.10897064208984375,
0.2619171142578125,
-0.09154415130615234,
0.24927520751953125,
0.22991943359375,
-0.4290618896484375,
-0.05811309814453125,
0.2866058349609375,
0.0497136116027832,
0.05483555793762207,
0.18597412109375,
0.2928619384765625,
0.0681600570678711,
-0.25507354736328125,
0.02713489532470703,
1.07421875,
0.24273681640625,
0.3337259292602539,
0.08582639694213867,
-0.62652587890625,
-0.29998779296875,
0.28328704833984375,
-0.06729888916015625,
0.578216552734375,
0.1773681640625,
0.08126640319824219,
0.46563720703125,
0.04404258728027344,
0.071258544921875,
0.13219451904296875,
-0.07861995697021484,
0.39019775390625,
-0.448150634765625,
-0.377685546875,
-0.06393623352050781,
0.204559326171875,
-0.3197021484375,
0.08852958679199219,
0.4190521240234375,
0.06058502197265625,
0.002845466136932373,
-0.009838104248046875,
-0.5386962890625,
-0.178955078125,
-0.410186767578125,
-0.19382476806640625,
0.08903121948242188,
-0.051957130432128906,
-0.10369682312011719,
-0.1045989990234375,
0.14360809326171875,
0.552093505859375,
0.2423248291015625,
-0.08572864532470703,
0.09840869903564453,
-0.3378448486328125,
0.544952392578125,
-0.31402587890625,
0.12969207763671875,
0.541015625,
0.528900146484375,
0.24284744262695312,
-0.008201837539672852,
-0.172119140625,
0.09832000732421875,
0.23199462890625,
-0.303802490234375,
0.21503448486328125,
-0.60711669921875,
0.1466522216796875,
-0.06820487976074219,
0.19330978393554688,
0.1452789306640625,
0.387451171875,
0.03968334197998047,
-0.04627227783203125,
0.1529998779296875,
-0.024849414825439453
] |
2087
|
What was the first 2-8-4 steam locomotive?
|
[
{
"docid": "418362#5",
"text": "The Northern Pacific Railway was the first railroad to order a 2-8-8-4. The first was built in 1928 by American Locomotive Company; at the time, it was the largest locomotive ever built. It had the largest firebox ever applied to a steam locomotive, some in area, to burn Rosebud coal, a cheap low-quality coal. But the firebed was too large for the available draft and the fire burned poorly. The problem was mitigated by blocking off the first few feet of the grates. Baldwin Locomotive Works built 11 more for the Northern Pacific in 1930. None were saved.",
"title": "2-8-8-4"
},
{
"docid": "25537194#0",
"text": "The Class A-1 Berkshire locomotive is a 2-8-4 steam locomotive first built in 1925 by the Lima Locomotive Works. The design was initially intended to improve on the company's USRA Mikado design (2-8-2), which was deemed to lack sufficient speed and horsepower. This was addressed by the inclusion of a larger, firebox that required an extra trailing axle, giving the locomotive its distinctive 2-8-4 wheel arrangement.",
"title": "Berkshire locomotive"
},
{
"docid": "1115867#1",
"text": "The first American 2-8-4s were built for the Boston and Albany Railroad in 1925 by Lima Locomotive Works. The railroad's route across the Berkshire mountains was a substantial test for the new locomotives and, as a result, the name \"Berkshire\" was adopted for the locomotive type.",
"title": "2-8-4"
},
{
"docid": "1115867#51",
"text": "Six years after the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway experimented with the first 2-10-4, the first 2-8-4s were built for the Boston & Albany (B&A) by Lima Locomotive Works in 1925. The railroad's route over the Berkshires was a substantial test for the new locomotives, but the type proved its worth, outpacing the 2-8-2 Mikados already in use there. This mountain range lent its name to the locomotive type, though the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway preferred the name \"Kanawha\" for their 2-8-4s. Buoyed by the success of the demonstrations on the B&A, Lima and ALCO both sold a few hundred of the new locomotive type.\nThe Berkshire type's big boost came in 1934, when the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate Road or NKP) received its first 2-8-4s, built to a new design from the Advisory Mechanical Committee (AMC) of the Van Sweringen empire. Under the Van Sweringen umbrella were the Nickel Plate Road, Erie Railroad, Chesapeake and Ohio Railway and Pere Marquette Railway. The AMC's design generated of tractive effort and became the standard design for subsequent Berkshires. The Erie Railroad purchased the largest number of 2-8-4s, rostering 105.",
"title": "2-8-4"
},
{
"docid": "1115867#54",
"text": "Many larger American railroads rostered Berkshires. The table lists data on the American locomotives as they were built.\nIn the motion picture \"The Polar Express\", the \"know-it-all\" boy identifies the train's locomotive as a Baldwin 2-8-4 built in 1931, although the actual prototype for the film's locomotive was the Pere Marquette no. 1225, a Berkshire built by the Lima Locomotive Works in 1941.",
"title": "2-8-4"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "390777#33",
"text": "Baldwin built many 4-4-0 \"American\" type locomotives (the locomotive that built America). Surviving examples of which include the 1872 \"Countess of Dufferin\" and 1875's Virginia and Truckee Railroad No.22 \"Inyo\", but it was perhaps best known for the 2-8-2 \"Mikado\" and 2-8-0 \"Consolidation\" types. It was also well known for the unique cab-forward 4-8-8-2 articulateds built for the Southern Pacific Company and massive 2-10-2 for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Baldwin also produced their most powerful steam engines in history, the 2-8-8-4 \"Yellowstone\" for the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway. The Yellowstone could put down over of Tractive force. They routinely hauled 180 car trains weighing over . The Yellowstones were so good that the DM&IR refused to part with them; they hauled ore trains well into the diesel era, and the last one retired in 1963. Three have been preserved. One of Baldwin's last new and improved locomotive designs were the 4-8-4 \"Northern\" locomotives. Baldwin's last domestic steam locomotives were 2-6-6-2s built for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway in 1949. Baldwin 60000, the company's 1926 demonstration steam locomotive, is on display at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia. On a separate note, the restored and running 2-6-2 steam locomotive at Fort Edmonton Park was built by Baldwin in 1919.",
"title": "Baldwin Locomotive Works"
},
{
"docid": "260799#74",
"text": "The CNR acquired its first 4-8-4 \"Confederation\" locomotives in 1927. Over the next 20 years, it ordered over 200 for passenger and heavy freight service. The CNR also used several 4-8-2 \"Mountain\" locomotives, almost exclusively for passenger service. No. 6060, a streamlined 4-8-2, was the last CN steam locomotive, running in excursion service in the 1970s. CNR also used several 2-8-2 \"Mikado\" locomotives.",
"title": "Canadian National Railway"
},
{
"docid": "2007518#0",
"text": "Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe 3751 is a 4-8-4 \"Northern\" type steam locomotive built in 1927 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Built as the first Northern type steam locomotive for the Santa Fe, the 3751 served in passenger duties until being retired in 1953. The locomotive was then placed on display in San Bernardino, California until it was restored to operating condition in 1986. The 3751 is currently located in the Central City East neighborhood of Los Angeles and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Today, Santa Fe 3751 holds the distinction of being the oldest surviving 4-8-4 type steam locomotive in the world. The locomotive is currently owned and operated by the San Bernardino Railroad Historical Society who use the locomotive to haul occasional mainline excursion trains. However, a 15-year inspection was expected to put it out of service for three to four years.",
"title": "Santa Fe 3751"
},
{
"docid": "370703#8",
"text": "Though the dual-service 4-8-4 steam locomotive had shown great promise, 1948 was the last year that steam locomotives were manufactured in Schenectady. These were the seven A-2a class 9400-series Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad 2-8-4 \"Berkshires.\" Their tenders had to be subcontracted to Lima Locomotive Works, as Alco's tender shop had been closed. The building was converted to diesel locomotive manufacture, to compete with locomotives manufactured by the automobile industry.",
"title": "American Locomotive Company"
},
{
"docid": "2007518#1",
"text": "Built in 1927 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, 3751 was Baldwin's and the Santa Fe railway's first 4-8-4. It had a Santa Fe 5-chime freight whistle mounted on it. Tests showed that 3751 was 20% more efficient and powerful than the Santa Fe's 3700 class 4-8-2 steamers, which at the time were Santa Fe's most advanced steam locomotives. In 1936, the engine was converted to burn oil. Two years later, the locomotive was given a larger tender able to hold 20,000 gallons of water and 7,107 gallons of fuel oil. 3751 was also present at the grand opening of Union Station in Los Angeles on May 7, 1939 pulling the Scout, one of Santa Fe's crack passenger trains as it arrived from Chicago. It was the first steam locomotive to bring a passenger train into LAUPT. In 1941, along with other 4-8-4s, 3751 received major upgrades including: 80-inch drive wheels, a new frame, roller bearings all around, and more. That same year, it achieved its highest recorded speed at 103 mph. It continued to be a very reliable working locomotive until 1953, when it pulled the last regularly scheduled steam powered passenger train on the Santa Fe to run between Los Angeles and San Diego on August 25, this was its last run in revenue service. After that, it was stored at the Redondo Junction, California roundhouse in Los Angeles for four years before it was officially retired from the roster by the railroad in 1957, and in 1958 it was placed on display in San Bernardino.",
"title": "Santa Fe 3751"
},
{
"docid": "1044116#8",
"text": "The construction of the first 2-8-4 locomotive is documented in David Weitzman's book, Superpower: Making of a steam locomotive. David also explains some of the innovations it made at the time.",
"title": "Lima Locomotive Works"
},
{
"docid": "16068756#27",
"text": "The first RB standard gauge locomotive was an 0-6-0 built in the 1860s for the CF de l'Ouest. Several were in use until the end of the Second World War. There were also five 0-10-0T locomotives ex Saxony Railways class XI, built by Hartman between 1913 and 1918. In 1939, some 2-6-2T locomotives were acquired. They were in service until 1953. After the war, some 2-8-0 locomotives by Baldwin and Alco were acquired. In 1956, some 4-6-0 locomotive are acquired from the CF PO, and in 1958, some 2-8-2 locomotives by Fives-Lille are leased. These are used until the end of steam in 1971.",
"title": "Réseau Breton"
},
{
"docid": "1587496#5",
"text": "Jervis' first steam locomotive design was the \"DeWitt Clinton\" while working as chief engineer for the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad in 1831. The following year he built the first steam locomotive with a leading bogie, a four-wheel leading truck that guides the locomotive into curves. This 4-2-0 locomotive, which had two powered driving wheels on a rear axle underneath the locomotive's firebox, became known as the Jervis type. The Mohawk & Hudson Rail Road began operating the 4-2-0 in 1832.",
"title": "John B. Jervis"
}
] |
[
0.24723714590072632,
-0.06068623811006546,
-0.16916707158088684,
0.35836589336395264,
-0.0009356180671602488,
0.6623209714889526,
0.7042154669761658,
-0.2815510928630829,
0.4044026732444763,
0.37568360567092896,
-0.2648417055606842,
-0.11077067255973816,
-0.6570637822151184,
-0.31863200664520264,
-0.16629639267921448,
0.0008112589712254703,
0.570556640625,
-0.42368367314338684,
0.06994832307100296,
-0.03648440167307854,
0.12736867368221283,
0.4135904908180237,
0.43457844853401184,
-0.042255911976099014,
-0.18159586191177368,
-0.5204752683639526,
-0.21862182021141052,
0.08409728854894638,
0.08631744235754013,
0.6053711175918579,
0.16552530229091644,
-0.2877604067325592,
0.1572977751493454,
0.5253336429595947,
-0.4578043520450592,
0.28105467557907104,
-0.1576797515153885,
0.18356119096279144,
-0.08105290681123734,
0.01288757286965847,
-0.5246337652206421,
0.05449574813246727,
0.3129068911075592,
0.06197001039981842,
0.4533040225505829,
-0.42963868379592896,
0.43308308720588684,
0.20267537236213684,
-0.1754913330078125,
0.13107261061668396,
0.06760050356388092,
-0.1331125944852829,
-0.13629963994026184,
-0.07495574653148651,
-0.18800505995750427,
0.5399739742279053,
0.018976084887981415,
0.6595866084098816,
0.22566528618335724,
-0.35513508319854736,
0.02306010015308857,
0.24373778700828552,
0.04455871507525444,
-0.4122965633869171,
0.09408480674028397,
0.16262130439281464,
-0.31564128398895264,
0.32740071415901184,
0.44898274540901184,
0.1260782927274704,
-0.16614583134651184,
0.448974609375,
0.5216634273529053,
0.18634440004825592,
0.34394532442092896,
-0.13752847909927368,
0.2755289673805237,
0.36078694462776184,
0.22937622666358948,
-0.2855997681617737,
0.1566670686006546,
-0.01784617081284523,
-0.1261967271566391,
0.697070300579071,
-0.1204732283949852,
0.2871337831020355,
-0.08930002897977829,
-0.01996714249253273,
0.3000895082950592,
0.4884440004825592,
0.24489745497703552,
-0.058960724622011185,
-0.0015141804469749331,
0.1978403776884079,
0.4050028622150421,
-0.2503702938556671,
0.28350016474723816,
-0.2760660946369171,
-0.20540770888328552,
-0.5352132320404053,
0.12932078540325165,
-0.35444337129592896,
-0.21099649369716644,
0.09460551291704178,
-0.05539379641413689,
-0.3317219913005829,
-0.05692443996667862,
-0.34359538555145264,
0.1463567167520523,
0.461181640625,
-0.02499287948012352,
-0.610107421875,
-0.25055134296417236,
-0.16628366708755493,
-0.27454426884651184,
-0.10400492697954178,
0.1000518798828125,
-0.07754720002412796,
-0.14190062880516052,
-0.7131022214889526,
0.552929699420929,
0.29143065214157104,
-0.3658854067325592,
-0.015162150375545025,
-0.0343526192009449,
-0.06196797639131546,
0.42841798067092896,
-0.05210774764418602,
0.720019519329071,
0.40273234248161316,
0.12194620817899704,
0.34933269023895264,
0.5175130367279053,
0.5198079347610474,
0.03978780284523964,
0.02692871168255806,
-0.18749593198299408,
-0.4562215209007263,
-0.29105740785598755,
-0.4590657651424408,
-0.27319133281707764,
-0.057906851172447205,
0.14653396606445312,
0.5178548097610474,
-0.43994140625,
0.13770751655101776,
0.22551676630973816,
0.17524820566177368,
-0.14222818613052368,
0.16533885896205902,
-0.12205403298139572,
0.08706709742546082,
-0.22528076171875,
0.20898641645908356,
0.0889078751206398,
-0.26496174931526184,
-0.05665995180606842,
0.14274215698242188,
0.16624349355697632,
0.15522779524326324,
0.7583984136581421,
0.2930501401424408,
0.40967610478401184,
-0.012491862289607525,
0.7231282591819763,
0.07821401208639145,
-0.10740242153406143,
0.6171061396598816,
0.5778483152389526,
-0.4467122256755829,
-0.03828989714384079,
-0.007990519516170025,
-0.11172281950712204,
-0.02438456192612648,
-0.17528432607650757,
0.34876301884651184,
-0.3749593198299408,
0.12850315868854523,
0.1219278946518898,
0.28456419706344604,
0.20489095151424408,
0.23321202397346497,
0.05662231519818306,
0.27432048320770264,
0.5714518427848816,
0.6620442867279053,
-0.1388504058122635,
0.44094645977020264,
0.029512278735637665,
0.22742970287799835,
0.3947997987270355,
-0.3402771055698395,
0.4107920229434967,
-0.4364054501056671,
0.1862640380859375,
-0.536865234375,
0.07786457985639572,
0.24102783203125,
-0.12072651833295822,
-0.21136118471622467,
-0.19109700620174408,
0.4171793758869171,
-0.4781900942325592,
0.012531789019703865,
0.33085936307907104,
-0.4296773374080658,
-0.04394938051700592,
0.2731892764568329,
-0.2694498598575592,
0.10966027528047562,
0.10091349482536316,
0.07650400698184967,
-0.22147268056869507,
0.5495687127113342,
-0.10146306455135345,
0.5314778685569763,
-0.3360432982444763,
-0.04701944813132286,
0.4893392026424408,
0.17602334916591644,
-0.12242431938648224,
0.21596679091453552,
0.14930826425552368,
0.3419026732444763,
0.3816894590854645,
-0.20197448134422302,
-0.34078776836395264,
-0.3756510317325592,
0.06698913872241974,
0.17773030698299408,
-0.23705241084098816,
0.00786590576171875,
0.28825682401657104,
-0.25803935527801514,
-0.11730397492647171,
0.20988565683364868,
0.13224487006664276,
0.37614744901657104,
-0.20381470024585724,
0.019847361370921135,
0.37333983182907104,
0.14056600630283356,
-0.11191762238740921,
0.48619282245635986,
0.5680501461029053,
-0.21221236884593964,
0.19043400883674622,
0.2503601014614105,
-0.10609029233455658,
-0.2565714418888092,
0.03223622590303421,
0.3230549991130829,
0.14592590928077698,
0.0038473764434456825,
-0.07900606840848923,
0.35511067509651184,
-0.1684921234846115,
0.0022043862845748663,
0.3954834043979645,
0.3164713680744171,
0.45551759004592896,
0.2537851929664612,
0.42932942509651184,
0.644238293170929,
0.11591389775276184,
0.006908670999109745,
0.2884684205055237,
0.4776041805744171,
-0.03645019605755806,
0.25050050020217896,
0.46320801973342896,
-0.3531331419944763,
0.29670003056526184,
0.4478922486305237,
-0.22342123091220856,
-0.04911753162741661,
0.2787027955055237,
0.16884461045265198,
-0.05473915860056877,
0.27701008319854736,
0.38395994901657104,
0.10724792629480362,
-0.6478515863418579,
0.3473154604434967,
0.7918619513511658,
0.2545928955078125,
-0.12247569113969803,
-0.3495035767555237,
0.05812632292509079,
0.44453126192092896,
0.3790852725505829,
0.48466795682907104,
0.03910993039608002,
0.015971628949046135,
0.2573283016681671,
-0.4544108211994171,
0.1017250046133995,
-0.04812520369887352,
0.2253621369600296,
0.01784362830221653,
0.4438720643520355,
-0.5753743648529053,
0.09392394870519638,
0.31619060039520264,
-0.07458928227424622,
-0.09108715504407883,
0.037819162011146545,
0.10544688254594803,
0.03359832614660263,
0.4380045533180237,
0.521240234375,
-0.5640624761581421,
-0.06521708518266678,
0.3738606870174408,
0.39604490995407104,
0.43293458223342896,
0.026129404082894325,
0.03792025148868561,
0.6983886957168579,
0.2289632111787796,
-0.12215423583984375,
-0.31718748807907104,
-0.4211588501930237,
0.06338754296302795,
0.3147135376930237,
-0.5420287847518921,
-0.06918004155158997,
-0.10852966457605362,
0.55078125,
0.3255615234375,
0.78515625,
0.1010882705450058,
0.07572174072265625,
-0.12090810388326645,
0.15014435350894928,
0.039873503148555756,
0.49718424677848816,
0.5876220464706421,
0.13197530806064606,
-0.3111328184604645,
0.21744029223918915,
-0.12392374873161316,
-0.08703164756298065,
0.2810302674770355,
-0.1509150117635727,
-0.048784635961055756,
0.41065675020217896,
-0.15430955588817596,
0.3643961548805237,
0.15663757920265198,
0.3492268919944763,
-0.20974527299404144,
-0.21646322309970856,
-0.17498168349266052,
-0.22228698432445526,
0.5222330689430237,
0.00803375244140625,
0.20474039018154144,
0.3272135555744171,
-0.24500732123851776,
0.17806802690029144,
0.2558960020542145,
0.25159505009651184,
-0.05557861179113388,
-0.08355000615119934,
-0.05628801882266998,
-0.37777912616729736,
0.039022937417030334,
-0.05326153337955475,
0.26150715351104736,
0.2878580689430237,
0.13569946587085724,
0.09452514350414276,
0.10518188774585724,
-0.11238276213407516,
-0.2271728515625,
0.20003661513328552,
0.18694661557674408,
0.4028157591819763,
0.11185455322265625,
0.25889891386032104,
0.4961914122104645,
0.4301351010799408,
0.00913162250071764,
-0.0651041641831398,
-0.19892476499080658,
0.021073659881949425,
0.15326328575611115,
0.15833739936351776,
-0.1325375884771347,
0.0040262858383357525,
-0.267333984375,
-0.15175272524356842,
0.0446879081428051,
-0.12396227568387985,
-0.2560587525367737,
-0.14756062626838684,
0.3978721499443054,
0.5645833611488342,
-0.04247640073299408,
-0.20887044072151184,
0.3538411557674408,
0.06062571331858635,
0.15863189101219177,
4.173437595367432,
-0.18543294072151184,
0.4817138612270355,
0.22010497748851776,
-0.09719262272119522,
0.21917317807674408,
0.14595946669578552,
-0.13393427431583405,
-0.13050715625286102,
0.07419026643037796,
-0.4368652403354645,
0.30484211444854736,
-0.10304972529411316,
0.030278395861387253,
-0.14704996347427368,
0.13416442275047302,
0.4480143189430237,
-0.12904764711856842,
0.19092711806297302,
0.2663981020450592,
-0.5808268189430237,
0.53515625,
0.15182088315486908,
0.05161946639418602,
0.4731689393520355,
0.0845133438706398,
-0.00816523190587759,
-0.2150115966796875,
0.20977376401424408,
0.07894999533891678,
0.5101888179779053,
-0.24852702021598816,
-0.011333337984979153,
0.004979006480425596,
-0.9430338740348816,
0.6599934697151184,
0.3088948428630829,
-0.008585612289607525,
-0.0977223739027977,
0.16569824516773224,
0.034007515758275986,
0.008319600485265255,
0.30364176630973816,
0.44389647245407104,
0.3567240536212921,
-0.25241851806640625,
-0.446197509765625,
0.4378092586994171,
0.4191243350505829,
-0.39244893193244934,
0.27788493037223816,
-0.23190103471279144,
-0.22667643427848816,
0.05954895168542862,
0.035452939569950104,
0.44160157442092896,
0.47119140625,
-0.03059946745634079,
0.22270609438419342,
0.3561462461948395,
0.503283679485321,
0.12323608249425888,
0.0700632706284523,
-0.2357381135225296,
-0.21221312880516052,
0.026816431432962418,
0.45897623896598816,
0.27781474590301514,
0.2781718075275421,
-0.25253525376319885,
0.7287434935569763,
0.2683146297931671,
0.5955892205238342,
-0.08192265778779984,
0.22653402388095856,
0.5598469972610474,
-0.3516682982444763,
0.26105549931526184,
0.13266818225383759,
0.1097208634018898,
-0.08057759702205658,
-0.21280111372470856,
-0.031479042023420334,
0.23206786811351776,
-0.04598185047507286,
0.6097330451011658,
-0.11594950407743454,
0.21794840693473816,
0.6160481572151184,
-0.0008678436279296875,
0.12623392045497894,
-0.0972086563706398,
0.46855467557907104,
0.21458536386489868,
-0.0709177628159523,
0.03858388215303421,
-0.06482340395450592,
-3.966796875,
-0.15838216245174408,
0.2579793334007263,
-0.11257120966911316,
0.013332112692296505,
-0.12238972634077072,
-0.12903162837028503,
0.45710450410842896,
-0.3609212338924408,
-0.07049255073070526,
-0.31688639521598816,
0.08680547028779984,
-0.199836865067482,
0.4124349057674408,
0.0746053084731102,
-0.04882100597023964,
0.5156168341636658,
0.005560747813433409,
0.28830158710479736,
-0.19320882856845856,
-0.30339762568473816,
-0.15931294858455658,
0.701367199420929,
0.0463816337287426,
-0.25667011737823486,
0.2560668885707855,
0.2440592497587204,
-0.03778890147805214,
-0.3922485411167145,
-0.17809854447841644,
-0.37897974252700806,
0.03388570249080658,
0.3372233211994171,
-0.06447779387235641,
0.20885619521141052,
0.38733723759651184,
0.703369140625,
-0.12101898342370987,
0.44908854365348816,
0.14815419912338257,
-0.15956827998161316,
-0.06845270842313766,
0.3410888612270355,
0.05750121921300888,
-0.24516601860523224,
0.0802561417222023,
-0.3557698428630829,
0.00443234434351325,
-0.5028238892555237,
0.2785227596759796,
0.16160990297794342,
0.20251159369945526,
0.1940104216337204,
0.38847655057907104,
0.4159098267555237,
-0.061825308948755264,
0.09114659577608109,
0.30229899287223816,
0.19112345576286316,
0.26604002714157104,
-0.08981870114803314,
-0.4102925658226013,
0.17218831181526184,
0.041426341980695724,
0.23684081435203552,
0.3202148377895355,
0.10226999968290329,
-0.16192321479320526,
-0.24611002206802368,
-0.4115559756755829,
0.10539551079273224,
0.09498316794633865,
0.2927612364292145,
0.11867904663085938,
0.22325032949447632,
0.21034546196460724,
-0.12837117910385132,
-0.007386271376162767,
0.4314941465854645,
0.15402373671531677,
-0.17131347954273224,
-0.00953572615981102,
-0.3184570372104645,
0.04478709027171135,
2.417187452316284,
0.4393066465854645,
2.2027995586395264,
0.04256286472082138,
0.299569696187973,
0.3197469115257263,
-0.5040038824081421,
0.3057657778263092,
0.09553985297679901,
0.08948669582605362,
-0.029148610308766365,
0.15245260298252106,
-0.1362813264131546,
-0.18844705820083618,
-0.0028664271812886,
0.07641461491584778,
0.22731730341911316,
-1.029296875,
0.09117686003446579,
-0.07889709621667862,
-0.03738199919462204,
0.02404073067009449,
-0.12511393427848816,
0.18864746391773224,
0.2521675229072571,
-0.09167073667049408,
-0.21736043691635132,
-0.10418903082609177,
0.13307088613510132,
-0.15331929922103882,
-0.02235361747443676,
0.25685474276542664,
0.16432088613510132,
-0.3450886905193329,
0.11982651054859161,
0.3223632872104645,
-0.04104359820485115,
4.686979293823242,
0.20034179091453552,
-0.3718098998069763,
0.3136087954044342,
0.12283515930175781,
0.11323649436235428,
0.33151042461395264,
0.03268534317612648,
0.08703511208295822,
0.07684491574764252,
0.26368001103401184,
0.17814788222312927,
-0.05892893299460411,
-0.09521280974149704,
0.11822713166475296,
-0.25288715958595276,
-0.02926483191549778,
0.02955779992043972,
0.1243753731250763,
0.22526448965072632,
0.3606770932674408,
0.18219655752182007,
0.4928141236305237,
-0.10288619995117188,
0.16084085404872894,
0.43085938692092896,
-0.0863393172621727,
-0.39655762910842896,
-0.0633036270737648,
-0.3393107056617737,
-0.14321695268154144,
5.380208492279053,
0.07029546052217484,
0.05881601944565773,
-0.04578755795955658,
0.29389241337776184,
0.17928263545036316,
0.09094391018152237,
0.04890136793255806,
-0.02343851700425148,
-0.11197713017463684,
-0.20387166738510132,
0.19685465097427368,
0.11791890114545822,
0.789746105670929,
0.49003905057907104,
0.2036934494972229,
-0.26000162959098816,
-0.22197164595127106,
0.2665771543979645,
-0.17737630009651184,
1.0602538585662842,
0.047479502856731415,
0.06225840374827385,
-0.43075358867645264,
0.02463684044778347,
0.36712646484375,
0.050249576568603516,
0.7706054449081421,
-0.08144531399011612,
-0.013173040002584457,
0.36127930879592896,
0.5394205451011658,
-0.3944335877895355,
0.41700032353401184,
-0.39271241426467896,
-0.02378743514418602,
0.4853352904319763,
0.28807780146598816,
-0.0825042724609375,
-0.2727213501930237,
0.4439290463924408,
0.41360676288604736,
0.07356058806180954,
-0.02220662496984005,
-0.19209595024585724,
0.007037353701889515,
-0.06218159943819046,
0.03063659742474556,
0.08184776455163956,
-0.2005660980939865,
0.24203287065029144,
0.07672525942325592,
0.7880045771598816,
0.40304362773895264,
-0.2748860716819763,
0.2999206483364105,
0.03272857517004013,
-0.45556640625,
0.32236430048942566,
-0.06566543877124786,
0.44922688603401184,
0.08475290983915329,
-0.09249318391084671,
0.5946614742279053,
0.41503092646598816,
0.5879719853401184,
0.12642821669578552,
0.0506744384765625,
0.5791178345680237,
0.2797536253929138,
0.06406720727682114,
0.28964436054229736,
-0.26165771484375,
0.42465007305145264,
-0.11292622983455658,
0.14692844450473785,
-0.04375254362821579,
-0.5419921875,
0.3931315243244171,
0.11455269157886505,
-0.24840494990348816,
-0.13384602963924408,
-0.468994140625,
0.40327149629592896,
-0.11101074516773224,
-0.18841756880283356,
-0.10199864953756332,
-0.020551681518554688,
0.18726907670497894,
0.29655760526657104,
0.0012177785392850637,
-0.053685761988162994,
-0.06068407744169235,
0.23802897334098816,
0.13998617231845856,
-0.09395752102136612,
0.193023681640625,
0.1338094025850296,
0.05016021803021431,
0.6155598759651184,
-0.05736592784523964,
0.0838216170668602,
-0.08063354343175888,
0.04240112379193306,
0.3615153133869171,
-0.23976236581802368,
-0.19816690683364868,
0.057321611791849136,
-0.18626098334789276,
0.2736450135707855,
0.5763997435569763,
0.3266337215900421,
-0.5004069209098816,
-0.043278757482767105,
-0.30044758319854736
] |
2088
|
How long is the English cricket season?
|
[
{
"docid": "59672147#0",
"text": "The 2019 English cricket season will run between 26 March and 26 September. It will be the 120th in which the County Championship has been an official competition and will feature first-class, one-day and Twenty20 cricket competitions throughout England and Wales.",
"title": "2019 English cricket season"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "6917136#0",
"text": "The 1736 English cricket season was the 40th cricket season since the earliest recorded eleven-aside match was played. Details have survived of 17 top-class matches and two notable single wicket matches.",
"title": "1736 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "7826628#2",
"text": "As Ashley More says in his splendid account of Broadhalfpenny Down’s long and chequered history, \"it is not where cricket started\". The mythology has arisen from the place’s nickname as \"the cradle of cricket\". The cradle was rocked by a group of children in the Weald long, long ago in the days before Longshanks, and perhaps even the Conqueror, troubled the world.",
"title": "1781 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "7747396#0",
"text": "The 1748 English cricket season was the fourth season following the earliest known codification of the Laws of Cricket.",
"title": "1747 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "7745685#0",
"text": "The 1740 English cricket season was the 44th cricket season since the earliest recorded eleven-aside match was played. Details have survived of eight matches. Each of the surviving match records features London Cricket Club with half the known matches played at the Artillery Ground in Finsbury.",
"title": "1740 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "7728279#0",
"text": "The 1738 English cricket season was the 42nd cricket season since the earliest recorded eleven-aside match was played. Details have survived of seven matches.",
"title": "1738 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "6326569#0",
"text": "The 1735 English cricket season was the 39th cricket season since the earliest recorded eleven-aside match was played. Details have survived of 10 top-class matches, nine played eleven-a-side and one single wicket match.",
"title": "1735 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "2627947#0",
"text": "The 1730 English cricket season was the 34th cricket season since the earliest recorded eleven-aside match was played. Details have survived of 14 matches as well as four notable single wicket matches.",
"title": "1730 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "57008761#0",
"text": "The 2018 English cricket season ran between 1 April and 27 September 2018 and was the 119th in which the County Championship has been an official competition. It featured first-class, one-day and Twenty20 cricket competitions throughout England and Wales.",
"title": "2018 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "2555134#6",
"text": "From the \"Whitehall Evening Post\" (Tues 1 August) — \"We are informed that the great match at Cricket, which has been so long in agitation, will be decided one day next week on the downs at Calais. On this match near £5,000 is depending : the players are to be all English men\".",
"title": "1769 English cricket season"
},
{
"docid": "59672147#2",
"text": "The 18 first-class counties will compete in the 2019 County Championship, One-Day Cup and T20 Blast competitions, whilst women's teams will compete for the 2019 Women's Cricket Super League and for the Women's County Championship. The 2019 Minor Counties Championship and MCCA Knockout Trophy will be competed for by the Minor Counties of England and Wales and club cricket will be played throughout both countries.",
"title": "2019 English cricket season"
}
] |
[
0.39167481660842896,
-0.0278778076171875,
0.10294751822948456,
0.2829528748989105,
-0.024932097643613815,
0.09446163475513458,
0.12573547661304474,
-0.3036132752895355,
-0.2846313416957855,
0.08838959038257599,
-0.13503770530223846,
-0.3578247129917145,
-0.185760498046875,
0.181233212351799,
-0.04412231594324112,
0.43671876192092896,
0.333984375,
-0.3450927734375,
-0.3525024354457855,
0.07062168419361115,
-0.19572754204273224,
0.4822998046875,
0.11878661811351776,
0.13143309950828552,
-0.2529663145542145,
-0.24287109076976776,
-0.02322845533490181,
0.07313156127929688,
0.28608399629592896,
0.09280548244714737,
0.12870483100414276,
0.004803466610610485,
-0.182708740234375,
0.704882800579071,
-0.20216980576515198,
0.4723877012729645,
0.10109100490808487,
-0.21271972358226776,
-0.011455535888671875,
0.4729980528354645,
0.034299660474061966,
-0.04434967041015625,
0.738037109375,
0.12133483588695526,
0.73193359375,
-0.21697387099266052,
0.365966796875,
0.15859833359718323,
-0.13341522216796875,
0.2035675048828125,
-0.08940581977367401,
0.004656982608139515,
0.059282682836055756,
-0.3259521424770355,
-0.47419434785842896,
0.18793030083179474,
-0.07720489799976349,
0.5449463129043579,
0.141082763671875,
0.11464233696460724,
0.2934326231479645,
0.22918701171875,
-0.2581420838832855,
0.04868907853960991,
0.03226890414953232,
0.28081053495407104,
0.03177795559167862,
0.2779907286167145,
-0.20091399550437927,
-0.07941589504480362,
0.19724731147289276,
0.35943603515625,
0.24628905951976776,
0.3521728515625,
-0.059173583984375,
-0.22802734375,
0.24625854194164276,
0.2897277772426605,
0.540820300579071,
-0.43212890625,
0.33110350370407104,
-0.32664793729782104,
-0.37220460176467896,
0.09944763034582138,
-0.3265747129917145,
0.3861083984375,
0.14363709092140198,
0.12133178859949112,
0.31684571504592896,
0.4465576112270355,
-0.28760987520217896,
0.07250633090734482,
-0.2911621034145355,
-0.22722168266773224,
-0.15244750678539276,
-0.005974197294563055,
-0.18581847846508026,
-0.537280261516571,
-0.009198593907058239,
-0.3716064393520355,
-0.10588379204273224,
-0.23929443955421448,
0.15717467665672302,
0.585620105266571,
0.011095618829131126,
-0.3155761659145355,
-0.3590942323207855,
0.08933715522289276,
0.21289977431297302,
0.22288818657398224,
0.10223388671875,
0.09130553901195526,
0.4390502870082855,
0.057703398168087006,
0.24305419623851776,
0.35761719942092896,
0.4461914002895355,
-0.21361084282398224,
-0.1583251953125,
-0.860595703125,
0.3745361268520355,
0.22578449547290802,
-0.2233734130859375,
0.00003137588646495715,
0.004275607876479626,
-0.49689942598342896,
0.6441894769668579,
0.2540527284145355,
0.538867175579071,
0.5718749761581421,
0.2720580995082855,
0.3194213807582855,
-0.03787078708410263,
0.45610350370407104,
0.16016845405101776,
-0.02459258958697319,
0.24440917372703552,
-0.10546875,
-0.2827087342739105,
-0.15461044013500214,
0.13781127333641052,
-0.029150009155273438,
0.7634521722793579,
0.720654308795929,
-0.06185569614171982,
0.4323974549770355,
0.08335570991039276,
0.7164551019668579,
0.1348411589860916,
0.2986206114292145,
0.26942747831344604,
0.508227527141571,
-0.35419923067092896,
0.4186767637729645,
0.08327636867761612,
0.2245330810546875,
0.3682098388671875,
-0.18610306084156036,
-0.01539535541087389,
0.37822264432907104,
0.7970215082168579,
0.31373292207717896,
0.14517822861671448,
0.28196412324905396,
-0.39110106229782104,
0.06877593696117401,
-0.21813353896141052,
0.046045683324337006,
0.585278332233429,
0.03643646091222763,
-0.18705444037914276,
-0.22245483100414276,
-0.2263946533203125,
-0.2584594786167145,
-0.01249008160084486,
0.31513673067092896,
-0.08710937201976776,
-0.04563016816973686,
0.21361693739891052,
-0.3693786561489105,
-0.20416870713233948,
0.3369384706020355,
0.11627177894115448,
-0.0783233642578125,
0.4799560606479645,
0.21825560927391052,
0.18822631239891052,
0.001800537109375,
-0.0517578125,
0.18696613609790802,
0.16192932426929474,
-0.09603309631347656,
0.32312315702438354,
-0.00937652587890625,
-0.12607422471046448,
0.4054321348667145,
-0.0594024658203125,
0.027854155749082565,
-0.08914794772863388,
0.603442370891571,
0.17687073349952698,
0.22288818657398224,
-0.6180419921875,
0.17653198540210724,
0.3974365293979645,
-0.21243897080421448,
-0.19527587294578552,
0.3944091796875,
-0.05700073391199112,
0.06112823635339737,
0.07921524345874786,
0.20722655951976776,
0.3939208984375,
0.15845337510108948,
-0.16066284477710724,
-0.022046471014618874,
-0.05600280687212944,
-0.240966796875,
0.514172375202179,
0.501538097858429,
0.08366318047046661,
0.3752197325229645,
-0.19776611030101776,
-0.09061966091394424,
0.212677001953125,
-0.16715697944164276,
-0.016892623156309128,
-0.746874988079071,
0.07209472358226776,
0.6432129144668579,
-0.11481933295726776,
-0.0022994994651526213,
-0.011568451300263405,
-0.3023437559604645,
0.25379639863967896,
0.14892578125,
-0.5233398675918579,
0.4633544981479645,
0.025522232055664062,
-0.03585510328412056,
0.2822021543979645,
0.0052280426025390625,
-0.20289306342601776,
-0.21641235053539276,
0.251983642578125,
-0.32819825410842896,
0.3251403868198395,
-0.3641357421875,
-0.4629150331020355,
-0.49738770723342896,
0.0012561797630041838,
-0.40020751953125,
-0.0012359619140625,
0.19737549126148224,
-0.01550903357565403,
0.37810057401657104,
0.2799926698207855,
-0.09911422431468964,
0.10372810065746307,
0.24582520127296448,
0.4207763671875,
0.5338134765625,
0.32502442598342896,
0.20422974228858948,
-0.13089294731616974,
-0.28236085176467896,
0.08050842583179474,
0.5163818597793579,
0.031202316284179688,
0.543383777141571,
0.558459460735321,
-0.4327148497104645,
0.09072113037109375,
0.423858642578125,
-0.24002686142921448,
0.08976135402917862,
0.20272216200828552,
0.18583373725414276,
-0.19429321587085724,
-0.04357452318072319,
0.3396362364292145,
-0.139637753367424,
-0.06171417236328125,
-0.44416505098342896,
0.44916993379592896,
0.41157227754592896,
-0.1939079314470291,
-0.18872681260108948,
-0.26026612520217896,
0.1866607666015625,
0.2613281309604645,
0.2713256776332855,
0.14597854018211365,
-0.3559326231479645,
-0.28215330839157104,
0.590405285358429,
-0.19074097275733948,
0.07799530029296875,
0.4281982481479645,
-0.1927490234375,
0.4206298887729645,
-0.5218261480331421,
0.529370129108429,
0.49577635526657104,
0.18007202446460724,
0.022552490234375,
0.26472169160842896,
-0.09122009575366974,
-0.006306982133537531,
0.546923816204071,
0.605761706829071,
-0.31219178438186646,
-0.18503418564796448,
0.37615966796875,
0.3475097715854645,
0.22309570014476776,
0.45600587129592896,
-0.11250915378332138,
0.28956300020217896,
0.3493896424770355,
-0.20195922255516052,
-0.24212646484375,
-0.3692871034145355,
-0.0025817870628088713,
0.567431628704071,
-0.161091610789299,
0.26353758573532104,
-0.2991088926792145,
0.23975220322608948,
0.11476211249828339,
0.2886489927768707,
0.244049072265625,
-0.39800721406936646,
-0.25273436307907104,
-0.20867919921875,
0.26668089628219604,
-0.4989013671875,
0.3313354551792145,
0.05773773044347763,
-0.3316650390625,
0.21879883110523224,
0.08291950076818466,
0.21251221001148224,
0.2599121034145355,
0.14809532463550568,
0.05261500924825668,
0.13957710564136505,
-0.17413024604320526,
0.44550782442092896,
-0.05159492418169975,
0.10286597907543182,
0.08835907280445099,
-0.1424470841884613,
0.17621460556983948,
0.33836668729782104,
0.3747924864292145,
0.04422149807214737,
0.09219970554113388,
0.30396729707717896,
-0.22631530463695526,
0.09167937934398651,
0.18551024794578552,
-0.28947752714157104,
0.26031494140625,
0.15571442246437073,
-0.10929298400878906,
-0.11629638820886612,
-0.13308104872703552,
0.028514480218291283,
0.835498034954071,
0.25938719511032104,
-0.018199872225522995,
0.18872681260108948,
0.16914062201976776,
-0.029917001724243164,
-0.16192626953125,
-0.08091125637292862,
-0.06335296481847763,
0.4870849549770355,
0.47663575410842896,
0.28917235136032104,
0.40727537870407104,
0.23305663466453552,
0.14819374680519104,
-0.06904692947864532,
-0.10130920261144638,
-0.09074544906616211,
-0.10890960693359375,
-0.048192597925662994,
0.11385250091552734,
0.2840820252895355,
-0.21201248466968536,
-0.203837588429451,
0.008288574405014515,
-0.37348634004592896,
0.04944457858800888,
0.032341767102479935,
0.09746932983398438,
0.29926759004592896,
0.05365097522735596,
-0.0351104736328125,
0.227294921875,
0.421875,
0.43195801973342896,
4.152539253234863,
-0.01729888841509819,
0.0940704345703125,
-0.02004547044634819,
-0.17446288466453552,
0.3554443418979645,
0.4163574278354645,
-0.25645750761032104,
0.20484009385108948,
0.09135131537914276,
-0.1602020263671875,
0.21866455674171448,
0.035567473620176315,
0.11251525580883026,
0.03728332370519638,
0.18135681748390198,
0.5870605707168579,
-0.031032944098114967,
-0.08617248386144638,
0.30662840604782104,
-0.34001463651657104,
-0.02500457689166069,
0.28575438261032104,
-0.17265930771827698,
0.546252429485321,
-0.09590454399585724,
-0.16827392578125,
0.05195007473230362,
0.08233337104320526,
0.048870086669921875,
0.046233274042606354,
-0.162841796875,
-0.05204925686120987,
0.30596923828125,
-0.7245117425918579,
0.24253539741039276,
0.4385986328125,
0.45134276151657104,
-0.3880615234375,
0.06698856502771378,
-0.132904052734375,
0.33979493379592896,
0.7635253667831421,
0.4303222596645355,
0.13292236626148224,
-0.02856140211224556,
-0.01611938513815403,
0.30394285917282104,
-0.10431365668773651,
0.34967041015625,
0.0036338805221021175,
0.123443603515625,
-0.229156494140625,
-0.33366698026657104,
0.17783355712890625,
0.30482786893844604,
0.27418214082717896,
0.3003173768520355,
-0.21761474013328552,
-0.14671631157398224,
0.11370086669921875,
-0.013621902093291283,
0.4122070372104645,
0.13808898627758026,
-0.2897491455078125,
-0.11731414496898651,
0.0032714842818677425,
0.320352166891098,
0.44916993379592896,
-0.46965330839157104,
0.39418333768844604,
0.30052489042282104,
0.43339842557907104,
-0.3357177674770355,
-0.1114906296133995,
0.19467468559741974,
-0.07372131198644638,
0.373291015625,
0.18736572563648224,
0.16075745224952698,
0.2440132200717926,
-0.2807983458042145,
0.014096069149672985,
0.28887939453125,
-0.05337219312787056,
0.6673339605331421,
-0.05442199856042862,
0.26646119356155396,
0.2186279296875,
0.13115540146827698,
0.25660401582717896,
0.08841552585363388,
0.14187316596508026,
0.177601620554924,
-0.011781906709074974,
-0.08405761420726776,
-0.057808686047792435,
-4.048242092132568,
0.3469604551792145,
0.15382079780101776,
-0.08536835014820099,
0.15992431342601776,
-0.03035888634622097,
0.2766357362270355,
0.03936157375574112,
-0.1748046875,
-0.3008178770542145,
-0.542309582233429,
0.06701488792896271,
-0.21871337294578552,
0.40827637910842896,
0.23682861030101776,
0.0556829459965229,
0.48481446504592896,
0.16452637314796448,
0.228973388671875,
-0.10489807277917862,
0.34544676542282104,
0.28413087129592896,
0.530029296875,
-0.07051849365234375,
-0.07360611110925674,
0.08112239837646484,
-0.07074890285730362,
-0.09202384948730469,
-0.18084105849266052,
-0.0064254761673510075,
0.13645973801612854,
-0.06924743950366974,
0.326416015625,
-0.022170066833496094,
0.025598907843232155,
0.19843444228172302,
-0.24408569931983948,
-0.11835937201976776,
0.032735444605350494,
0.13499030470848083,
0.06231384351849556,
0.0014556884998455644,
0.5176025629043579,
0.06150207668542862,
0.05877380445599556,
0.19193115830421448,
-0.1000823974609375,
0.18168334662914276,
-0.09389648586511612,
-0.12326888740062714,
0.48161619901657104,
0.32801514863967896,
-0.30708009004592896,
-0.27555543184280396,
0.4729980528354645,
0.3982788026332855,
0.43511962890625,
0.16789397597312927,
0.43024903535842896,
0.09439315646886826,
0.06901779025793076,
-0.36426085233688354,
0.20417480170726776,
0.14165115356445312,
0.2147083282470703,
0.03617553785443306,
0.18684081733226776,
0.31000977754592896,
0.4393310546875,
-0.5313720703125,
0.0509033203125,
-0.037987519055604935,
0.0815277099609375,
-0.054813385009765625,
0.38056641817092896,
0.4351440370082855,
-0.20226363837718964,
-0.35136717557907104,
0.37419432401657104,
-0.048470307141542435,
-0.19323119521141052,
0.11453716456890106,
-0.2723388671875,
0.4082275331020355,
2.295117139816284,
0.29052734375,
2.2007813453674316,
0.32111817598342896,
-0.302490234375,
0.14068908989429474,
0.1035587340593338,
0.14571380615234375,
0.046498678624629974,
0.10648345947265625,
0.40336912870407104,
0.2674560546875,
-0.18853759765625,
0.006459617521613836,
-0.1398773193359375,
-0.27659910917282104,
0.2969970703125,
-0.994946300983429,
0.3335205018520355,
-0.009855175390839577,
0.255218505859375,
0.37080079317092896,
-0.12213115394115448,
-0.08679237216711044,
0.17067566514015198,
0.30980223417282104,
-0.2805236876010895,
-0.187652587890625,
-0.20120850205421448,
0.11580047756433487,
-0.038359832018613815,
-0.38483887910842896,
0.38007813692092896,
-0.32158201932907104,
0.036110877990722656,
0.14495544135570526,
-0.18536987900733948,
4.703906059265137,
0.12298965454101562,
0.03266448900103569,
-0.2815918028354645,
-0.11486053466796875,
0.1640625,
0.2692809998989105,
-0.1082916259765625,
0.04680938646197319,
-0.02633361890912056,
0.4010864198207855,
0.5319579839706421,
0.24227294325828552,
0.09591369330883026,
0.23514404892921448,
0.16137084364891052,
-0.062032319605350494,
0.22670288383960724,
0.10864563286304474,
0.19960936903953552,
0.1480972319841385,
0.22395019233226776,
0.03196411207318306,
-0.023913193494081497,
0.11990203708410263,
0.32280272245407104,
0.2574829161167145,
0.09443378448486328,
-0.08863525092601776,
0.23677977919578552,
0.10111846774816513,
5.481640815734863,
-0.1829483062028885,
0.040252685546875,
0.26518553495407104,
-0.17125968635082245,
0.37089842557907104,
-0.13476410508155823,
0.3670715391635895,
-0.16931191086769104,
0.05067043378949165,
-0.3217529356479645,
-0.035742759704589844,
0.020716095343232155,
0.18109130859375,
0.22227783501148224,
-0.2594238221645355,
-0.11323432624340057,
-0.010137367062270641,
0.2665039002895355,
-0.24785156548023224,
0.4915771484375,
-0.12926635146141052,
0.31292724609375,
-0.3586181700229645,
-0.31763917207717896,
0.030762482434511185,
-0.05074310302734375,
0.42878419160842896,
0.08044280856847763,
0.16598471999168396,
0.19650879502296448,
0.2522949278354645,
0.031143952161073685,
0.26508790254592896,
-0.3313232362270355,
0.4216552674770355,
0.18012695014476776,
0.0031104921363294125,
-0.10140075534582138,
0.006953430362045765,
0.1310470551252365,
0.5748535394668579,
-0.13559874892234802,
-0.08647003024816513,
-0.647265613079071,
-0.09359169006347656,
0.04989318922162056,
0.07899551093578339,
0.07340393215417862,
-0.033286284655332565,
0.0044006346724927425,
-0.1699981689453125,
1.22412109375,
-0.0158233642578125,
0.023793410509824753,
0.32159119844436646,
0.4062744081020355,
0.04227294772863388,
0.21076659858226776,
-0.614794909954071,
0.19965210556983948,
0.07837104797363281,
0.21140137314796448,
0.544116199016571,
0.09656067192554474,
0.36894530057907104,
0.12415466457605362,
-0.07597045600414276,
0.3696044981479645,
-0.03485832363367081,
-0.06936492770910263,
0.2851880192756653,
-0.09420356899499893,
0.020072173327207565,
-0.16616210341453552,
0.534423828125,
0.4242187440395355,
0.13295021653175354,
-0.25555115938186646,
-0.11112670600414276,
0.08140258491039276,
-0.43132323026657104,
-0.3372436463832855,
0.12124023586511612,
0.012837040238082409,
0.4928222596645355,
-0.24114990234375,
0.0059303282760083675,
-0.11849518120288849,
0.20058593153953552,
0.09417419135570526,
0.191558837890625,
-0.05520324781537056,
0.34761351346969604,
-0.07877960056066513,
-0.09375,
0.26121824979782104,
0.30247801542282104,
0.15269164741039276,
0.04962272569537163,
0.4331909120082855,
0.0193023681640625,
-0.11650009453296661,
0.06852569431066513,
0.31475830078125,
0.135498046875,
0.05646057054400444,
0.16678161919116974,
0.21373291313648224,
0.03952636569738388,
0.4502197206020355,
0.20487061142921448,
-0.33997803926467896,
-0.14445801079273224,
-0.15030518174171448
] |
2089
|
When did Old Isisford District Hospital become a heritage-listed site?
|
[
{
"docid": "56064085#0",
"text": "Old Isisford District Hospital is a heritage-listed former public hospital at 6 St Agnes Street, Isisford, Longreach Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Queensland Department of Public Works and built from 1914 to 1918. It is also known as Isisford District Hospital (former). It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 September 2014.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#30",
"text": "Old Isisford District Hospital was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 September 2014 having satisfied the following criteria.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "56064085#20",
"text": "In 1996, a survey of the heritage buildings under the administration of the Queensland Department of Health identified the Isisford Hospital Maternity Ward as of state heritage significance. It concluded that the building was substantially intact. The 1909 pavilion ward was also identified as a significant twentieth century pavilion ward.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#22",
"text": "The Isisford Clinic in the former Isisford District Hospital closed in 2011, when it was replaced by a new Isisford Primary Health Clinic located nearby on the corner of St Agnes and St Helena Streets, still within the former hospital reserve. In 2014, its future use has yet to be determined.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#38",
"text": "The former Isisford District Hospital is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a district hospital in Queensland. Located on a large, elevated site at a distance from the town centre, the hospital includes wards, operating theatre, maternity ward, sterilising room, dispensary, morgue, staff accommodation, kitchen and laundry facilities.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#14",
"text": "Staffing became an issue again post-World War II, which prompted the community to fund-raise to resolve this problem. There was no doctor at Isisford Hospital between December 1945 and May 1946 and when the remaining medical staff resigned because of over-work, the hospital temporarily closed. This prompted the committee to send a letter of complaint to Queensland Premier Ned Hanlon in May 1946 about the lack of staff at Isisford Hospital due to bureaucratic inefficiency. At the same time a series of public meetings were held and Isisford established the Isisford Hospital Benefit Fund from June 1946 - a voluntary subscription list for the purpose of endowing the nursing staffs' wages at per person per calendar month, as compensation for the extra cost of living in the isolated district. As a result of the wage bonus, the Matron returned and two double-certificated nurses and an assistant nurse were obtained. Thereafter, the extra per month made it possible to retain a full nursing staff. However, it still remained difficult to get doctors appointed through the centralised system and to retain them.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#4",
"text": "Isisford District Hospital's plan, location and siting on a large reserve occupying a rise to the south of the town centre, followed the accepted principles for late nineteenth century hospitals. As a series of interconnected buildings, it conformed to the popular pavilion plan for hospitals, comprising a series of detached pavilions, designed to provide light and fresh air. Like other small Queensland hospitals, the wards and rooms of the Isisford District Hospital were enclosed by wide verandahs, while kitchen, bathroom and toilet facilities were contained in semi-detached blocks. The design of hospital buildings, and their location and siting, was influenced by the widely accepted miasmatic theory of disease, which postulated that disease was transmitted by breathing air that was contaminated. Therefore, good ventilation and sanitation would reduce the spread of disease. An essential element of a good hospital site was an elevated position on a generous area of land, preferably on the outskirts of a town. The elevated site was advantageous in catching breezes and enhancing the flow of fresh air through the wards. A large hospital reserve, well removed from the urban centre, was believed to minimise the effect of noxious and foul vapours. Hospital reserves at this time were almost invariably on the outskirts of a town and comprised an extensive area of land, well in excess of what was required, with the main block and out-buildings occupying less than a tenth of the total reserve.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#23",
"text": "As at 2014, the former Isisford District Hospital retains fabric from its earliest phase through its development over the ensuring 70 years. Part of the original hospital is at the core of its pavilion plan. The 1909 pavilion ward is intact and now uncommon. Of the 78 twentieth century pavilion hospitals and wards identified in the 1996 Queensland Health Heritage Survey, this ward is one of fewer than 21 extant. The 1924 maternity ward is one of no more than 13 former standard plan maternity wards remaining from the 71 that were built according to the standard 5/9 bed plan between 1923 and 1936. Of the existing standard plan maternity wards, most have been substantially modified and no longer demonstrate the principal characteristics of the standard plan, whereas the Isisford Maternity Ward remains one of the most intact standard maternity wards.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#16",
"text": "Starting in 1948 and continuing into the 1950s, extensions were made to Isisford Hospital including: a kitchen, operating theatre and an extension to one of the 1892 buildings. Blackall Hospitals Board was advised by the Department of Health and Home Affairs that its plan for remodelling the Isisford Hospital had been approved; there was also approval for installation of an X-ray plant at Isisford.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
},
{
"docid": "56064085#12",
"text": "However, in the 1930s the Isisford District Hospital was still supported by the fund-raising efforts of its committee, showing the importance of the institution to the district. Throughout the 1930s the Isisford Hospital Committee undertook alterations and additions to improve the hospital including alterations to the maternity ward in 1933 increase ventilation in the building the addition in 1935, of reticulated water, after the council's weir was completed in October 1934.",
"title": "Old Isisford District Hospital"
}
] |
[
0.25813865661621094,
-0.032337188720703125,
-0.515777587890625,
0.41506195068359375,
0.1799488067626953,
-0.18417930603027344,
0.24834442138671875,
-0.3161468505859375,
-0.06808781623840332,
0.3036346435546875,
-0.4541282653808594,
-0.4110984802246094,
-0.38544464111328125,
-0.19987666606903076,
-0.21357345581054688,
0.008951187133789062,
0.421051025390625,
-0.23581314086914062,
0.10958027839660645,
-0.05009239912033081,
0.12424850463867188,
0.4824676513671875,
0.27913665771484375,
0.2004070281982422,
0.007610917091369629,
-0.02792072296142578,
-0.423980712890625,
0.30359649658203125,
0.0671839714050293,
0.3812103271484375,
0.6037750244140625,
-0.18100357055664062,
-0.1061105728149414,
0.4824857711791992,
-0.36278533935546875,
0.3972015380859375,
0.0912630558013916,
0.4768638610839844,
-0.4185028076171875,
0.008109092712402344,
-0.1055765151977539,
-0.024904251098632812,
0.534942626953125,
0.09018972516059875,
0.5498809814453125,
0.06094718724489212,
0.24789252877235413,
0.315460205078125,
-0.0031833648681640625,
0.07856178283691406,
-0.74151611328125,
-0.2896900177001953,
-0.22994232177734375,
-0.10596752166748047,
-0.7989044189453125,
1.0252685546875,
0.3657341003417969,
0.46624755859375,
-0.181532621383667,
0.038117557764053345,
0.32098388671875,
0.07574796676635742,
-0.18234634399414062,
0.013897895812988281,
0.53631591796875,
0.06940299272537231,
0.11105918884277344,
0.22422468662261963,
0.18387985229492188,
-0.18386459350585938,
0.48419189453125,
0.60650634765625,
0.41017913818359375,
-0.19295310974121094,
0.12217521667480469,
-0.059662580490112305,
-0.19579505920410156,
-0.12992525100708008,
0.2692070007324219,
0.01395726203918457,
0.3720970153808594,
0.15358543395996094,
0.18609237670898438,
0.16811418533325195,
0.2935791015625,
0.462158203125,
0.036795616149902344,
0.10957002639770508,
0.0335536003112793,
0.710540771484375,
0.23255157470703125,
0.14963340759277344,
0.0972137451171875,
0.04482603073120117,
0.2871377468109131,
0.32581329345703125,
0.20951244235038757,
-0.1239166259765625,
0.12027043104171753,
-0.35845947265625,
0.3481292724609375,
-0.3735771179199219,
-0.07814884185791016,
0.3515739440917969,
0.532928466796875,
-0.40235137939453125,
-0.2155609130859375,
-0.01670539379119873,
0.10655450820922852,
0.4485931396484375,
0.18814849853515625,
-0.2593269348144531,
-0.19774580001831055,
-0.23932820558547974,
0.5518341064453125,
0.2906951904296875,
0.22626686096191406,
-0.4280548095703125,
-0.4179496765136719,
-1.089752197265625,
0.4741973876953125,
0.20272326469421387,
-0.13281536102294922,
0.18619155883789062,
-0.63592529296875,
-0.23425143957138062,
0.42011260986328125,
-0.07965350151062012,
0.4547882080078125,
0.725738525390625,
-0.09655094146728516,
0.1893596649169922,
0.3364105224609375,
0.803375244140625,
0.06268218159675598,
-0.6132049560546875,
0.2269744873046875,
-0.22093582153320312,
0.24048233032226562,
-0.3109130859375,
-0.3714141845703125,
-0.01055145263671875,
0.1431446075439453,
0.4555206298828125,
-0.28673553466796875,
0.14095115661621094,
0.06899881362915039,
0.14687442779541016,
0.05034351348876953,
0.0041124820709228516,
0.37453460693359375,
0.2272319793701172,
-0.005774140357971191,
0.2434854507446289,
-0.20047664642333984,
-0.26148033142089844,
0.6034393310546875,
0.08709239959716797,
0.19054031372070312,
0.12682533264160156,
0.56744384765625,
0.2786407470703125,
0.01668071746826172,
-0.3466777801513672,
0.3297080993652344,
-0.09821641445159912,
0.10822677612304688,
0.46964263916015625,
0.4251251220703125,
-0.05099773406982422,
-0.2707977294921875,
-0.029235363006591797,
-0.007470607757568359,
-0.22416305541992188,
0.13054347038269043,
0.05824136734008789,
-0.07416534423828125,
0.09768104553222656,
0.010989665985107422,
0.359283447265625,
0.054689884185791016,
0.3150672912597656,
0.034316062927246094,
-0.03911256790161133,
0.5602874755859375,
0.1297605037689209,
0.09717854857444763,
-0.2936515808105469,
-0.07668101787567139,
0.09195280075073242,
0.269134521484375,
-0.2387523651123047,
0.68426513671875,
-0.45426177978515625,
-0.04941701889038086,
0.3897514343261719,
0.12567651271820068,
0.08818089962005615,
-0.18957912921905518,
0.04987812042236328,
-0.17557072639465332,
-0.2768135070800781,
-0.4086151123046875,
-0.0063629150390625,
0.3916015625,
-0.3452577590942383,
0.1032400131225586,
0.86785888671875,
-0.16529273986816406,
-0.15662240982055664,
0.22605884075164795,
0.08893686532974243,
-0.22923660278320312,
0.3582191467285156,
-0.0893704891204834,
0.04527611285448074,
0.5823478698730469,
-0.2819099426269531,
0.3449382781982422,
0.15661239624023438,
-0.428466796875,
0.764984130859375,
0.054882049560546875,
-0.3027639389038086,
-0.030277550220489502,
-0.2021028995513916,
0.003058910369873047,
-0.12775611877441406,
0.09776020050048828,
0.23879241943359375,
0.3048067092895508,
-0.11718940734863281,
-0.16982078552246094,
-0.4160194396972656,
0.02022838592529297,
0.24778366088867188,
0.504974365234375,
-0.31792449951171875,
-0.15639665722846985,
-0.04344135522842407,
0.2027606964111328,
0.1481800079345703,
-0.20367431640625,
0.12762832641601562,
0.4018096923828125,
-0.07253265380859375,
0.3600320816040039,
0.3970909118652344,
0.0882425308227539,
-0.15184593200683594,
0.1732635498046875,
0.19427061080932617,
-0.16426753997802734,
0.18753623962402344,
-0.1389942169189453,
0.21546554565429688,
0.04625403881072998,
-0.46204376220703125,
-0.06599569320678711,
0.37308502197265625,
0.46075439453125,
0.5089912414550781,
0.46026611328125,
0.660308837890625,
0.2556495666503906,
0.026900291442871094,
-0.08679485321044922,
0.4412841796875,
0.1009112000465393,
0.0872802734375,
0.4302406311035156,
-0.22878313064575195,
0.11791372299194336,
-0.0021657347679138184,
-0.18624496459960938,
-0.2588653564453125,
0.0959094762802124,
0.2863044738769531,
-0.17453479766845703,
0.3602142333984375,
0.15708190202713013,
0.05753207206726074,
-0.14094924926757812,
-0.4926910400390625,
0.2785072326660156,
-0.06806564331054688,
-0.09964752197265625,
0.06680417060852051,
-0.01203775405883789,
0.09180545806884766,
0.401763916015625,
0.3768768310546875,
-0.1817150115966797,
-0.2570323944091797,
0.11837387084960938,
-0.050475120544433594,
0.19394207000732422,
-0.04230141639709473,
-0.08044815063476562,
-0.35802459716796875,
0.4055900573730469,
-0.452178955078125,
0.35015869140625,
0.6166152954101562,
-0.05266427993774414,
-0.3000755310058594,
-0.3495349884033203,
0.10616683959960938,
0.03792572021484375,
0.23021984100341797,
0.43639373779296875,
-0.4187030792236328,
-0.019646167755126953,
0.4537353515625,
0.19008636474609375,
0.560943603515625,
0.3225693702697754,
0.08115959167480469,
0.009901046752929688,
0.27539825439453125,
0.22048377990722656,
0.04574871063232422,
-0.06624817848205566,
0.005979776382446289,
0.1941690444946289,
-0.3794097900390625,
0.23761320114135742,
-0.786163330078125,
0.2564373016357422,
0.0033736974000930786,
0.005768299102783203,
0.013752937316894531,
-0.15053343772888184,
-0.16270065307617188,
0.10889005661010742,
0.2891349792480469,
-0.38968658447265625,
0.5672993659973145,
-0.07609152793884277,
0.06399059295654297,
0.07983779907226562,
0.19939041137695312,
0.013323426246643066,
0.394561767578125,
-0.3104705810546875,
0.023980379104614258,
-0.08245933055877686,
-0.1954498291015625,
0.38866424560546875,
-0.08246612548828125,
0.17992353439331055,
0.0819653868675232,
-0.20446014404296875,
-0.05758488178253174,
-0.41509246826171875,
0.16720211505889893,
0.35736513137817383,
0.782012939453125,
0.2957305908203125,
-0.20553302764892578,
0.3406524658203125,
0.21555519104003906,
0.5376434326171875,
0.23540115356445312,
0.21286582946777344,
0.44240570068359375,
0.020200729370117188,
0.43129730224609375,
0.04796409606933594,
-0.03211832046508789,
0.2094440460205078,
-0.385467529296875,
0.07525157928466797,
-0.17403793334960938,
-0.09898662567138672,
-0.13299858570098877,
-0.1849508285522461,
0.60577392578125,
0.458831787109375,
0.378692626953125,
0.019702792167663574,
0.32436370849609375,
0.37697601318359375,
-0.26338958740234375,
-0.07291412353515625,
0.17377281188964844,
-0.367523193359375,
0.47650146484375,
-0.06380748748779297,
-0.2865104675292969,
0.09865927696228027,
0.25617218017578125,
0.26615071296691895,
0.05199599266052246,
-0.14775848388671875,
-0.030988693237304688,
-0.21956825256347656,
0.3295402526855469,
0.06453657150268555,
-0.060556888580322266,
-0.3991546630859375,
0.28766632080078125,
0.671630859375,
0.4054107666015625,
4.19921875,
0.31098175048828125,
0.42474365234375,
-0.2850761413574219,
-0.010433197021484375,
0.17937755584716797,
0.32642364501953125,
0.03010869026184082,
-0.12415218353271484,
0.07257318496704102,
-0.12987136840820312,
0.3949623107910156,
-0.21651363372802734,
0.07409095764160156,
0.04974532127380371,
0.30268096923828125,
0.39898681640625,
0.32932281494140625,
0.24983596801757812,
0.3851470947265625,
-0.27564239501953125,
0.33846402168273926,
0.31397247314453125,
0.3866462707519531,
0.42746925354003906,
-0.2304363250732422,
0.24165773391723633,
0.07985687255859375,
0.14657211303710938,
0.2639579772949219,
-0.1486988067626953,
0.2408924102783203,
0.044559478759765625,
-0.19097137451171875,
-0.816986083984375,
0.27382898330688477,
0.3215980529785156,
0.5640106201171875,
0.1608295440673828,
-0.1599559783935547,
-0.14362502098083496,
-0.795257568359375,
0.3932952880859375,
0.48870849609375,
0.1632232666015625,
-0.4438018798828125,
-0.18774208426475525,
0.34885406494140625,
0.14556884765625,
0.20367050170898438,
0.39102935791015625,
0.39353179931640625,
0.027436017990112305,
-0.10630035400390625,
0.19388198852539062,
0.69586181640625,
-0.02542591094970703,
0.4242706298828125,
0.054320335388183594,
-0.16503673791885376,
0.3975028991699219,
0.036812782287597656,
0.3158378601074219,
0.23134994506835938,
-0.45363616943359375,
-0.18731212615966797,
-0.011913537979125977,
0.16237545013427734,
-0.6437225341796875,
0.21874046325683594,
0.26805877685546875,
0.26468658447265625,
-0.0131988525390625,
-0.38434600830078125,
-0.20793914794921875,
0.4999847412109375,
-0.4663848876953125,
-0.14372995495796204,
0.08983325958251953,
0.2888526916503906,
0.017805099487304688,
-0.07727622985839844,
0.07586383819580078,
0.13465118408203125,
-0.05367326736450195,
0.5273895263671875,
0.21030569076538086,
-0.2180957794189453,
0.483917236328125,
0.028304457664489746,
0.20999526977539062,
-0.20949554443359375,
-0.07069873809814453,
0.3801422119140625,
0.2772026062011719,
-0.14380264282226562,
0.10517311096191406,
-3.9969482421875,
0.3228302001953125,
-0.1912841796875,
-0.16667747497558594,
0.14359045028686523,
0.30892181396484375,
-0.2621192932128906,
0.22799062728881836,
-0.4523773193359375,
0.2311544418334961,
0.27402305603027344,
-0.341827392578125,
-0.16920185089111328,
0.3296661376953125,
0.23923683166503906,
0.21678924560546875,
-0.13589191436767578,
0.11138725280761719,
0.14775973558425903,
-0.13213539123535156,
0.3066530227661133,
-0.0004968643188476562,
0.66973876953125,
0.297607421875,
0.1879444122314453,
0.17063045501708984,
-0.2877922058105469,
-0.1600208282470703,
0.24399280548095703,
-0.10644316673278809,
-0.07876443862915039,
0.08255577087402344,
0.3759002685546875,
-0.08664512634277344,
0.07738995552062988,
0.2054767608642578,
0.4438018798828125,
-0.14074420928955078,
0.22513961791992188,
0.36839771270751953,
-0.59210205078125,
-0.09216642379760742,
0.573089599609375,
-0.005879402160644531,
0.10217428207397461,
0.4618988037109375,
-0.2913665771484375,
0.29138946533203125,
0.011039257049560547,
0.34522438049316406,
-0.21195030212402344,
0.13502788543701172,
-0.07052397727966309,
-0.40362548828125,
0.39614105224609375,
0.03010702133178711,
-0.011776924133300781,
-0.5196914672851562,
0.20676803588867188,
0.050856590270996094,
0.5193710327148438,
-0.13486385345458984,
0.30712127685546875,
0.07677173614501953,
0.019449234008789062,
-0.12559854984283447,
0.55877685546875,
0.035793304443359375,
0.4235992431640625,
-0.22089862823486328,
0.05880546569824219,
0.06732320785522461,
0.12395095825195312,
0.029819488525390625,
0.1268749237060547,
0.3724212646484375,
-0.2552967071533203,
-0.1687183380126953,
0.52911376953125,
-0.04125833511352539,
-0.15777254104614258,
-0.0246763676404953,
-0.20756912231445312,
0.17501163482666016,
2.123046875,
0.1773095726966858,
2.107177734375,
-0.14363479614257812,
0.2216053009033203,
0.3850555419921875,
-0.4210968017578125,
0.0671377182006836,
-0.01670604571700096,
0.2005910873413086,
0.5090179443359375,
-0.07179546356201172,
0.08922135829925537,
0.08600044250488281,
-0.021735191345214844,
0.08791875839233398,
0.310302734375,
-1.55224609375,
0.0029850006103515625,
0.12234115600585938,
0.15286636352539062,
0.446319580078125,
-0.07845592498779297,
0.5673828125,
-0.21330928802490234,
-0.07577180862426758,
-0.25248146057128906,
0.17743873596191406,
0.10629987716674805,
0.07965564727783203,
-0.017160654067993164,
0.16764068603515625,
0.5877838134765625,
-0.29976415634155273,
0.21703720092773438,
-0.06840324401855469,
0.13714981079101562,
4.6337890625,
0.26643502712249756,
-0.057323455810546875,
-0.0775294303894043,
0.33170318603515625,
0.24067914485931396,
0.38974761962890625,
0.426910400390625,
-0.1809253692626953,
0.43735504150390625,
0.510772705078125,
0.6724090576171875,
0.1368882656097412,
0.1441062092781067,
0.802337646484375,
-0.13686370849609375,
0.059275150299072266,
0.08654069900512695,
-0.2503395080566406,
0.25868749618530273,
0.253326416015625,
0.04323577880859375,
0.3270416259765625,
0.002058744430541992,
0.1204824447631836,
0.26251888275146484,
0.46718406677246094,
-0.23374080657958984,
0.019585072994232178,
-0.034053921699523926,
0.2869434356689453,
5.380126953125,
0.286224365234375,
0.17393875122070312,
-0.050861358642578125,
-0.30849456787109375,
0.19139909744262695,
-0.14337444305419922,
0.32445240020751953,
-0.493316650390625,
-0.17450332641601562,
-0.08414077758789062,
-0.307220458984375,
0.07451820373535156,
0.6376190185546875,
-0.10014104843139648,
0.18780136108398438,
-0.36928558349609375,
-0.1802082061767578,
0.24490928649902344,
0.03526437282562256,
0.753753662109375,
-0.31060791015625,
0.17774581909179688,
-0.6346397399902344,
-0.6477508544921875,
0.4012794494628906,
-0.038135528564453125,
0.14158248901367188,
0.01562976837158203,
0.12022733688354492,
0.6741943359375,
0.09625864028930664,
-0.1920185089111328,
0.32009124755859375,
0.04189300537109375,
0.15499210357666016,
0.26494598388671875,
0.10606575012207031,
0.3303947448730469,
-0.28873443603515625,
0.572601318359375,
0.2391376495361328,
-0.1321887969970703,
0.1740894317626953,
-0.010400533676147461,
-0.12353897094726562,
0.17693519592285156,
-0.15478849411010742,
-0.10943794250488281,
-0.11857795715332031,
-0.07792854309082031,
-0.047351837158203125,
1.189666748046875,
0.24029922485351562,
0.32747650146484375,
0.364898681640625,
-0.17261314392089844,
-0.03668022155761719,
0.31864166259765625,
-0.37754058837890625,
0.8639678955078125,
0.014493942260742188,
-0.02176833152770996,
0.23150634765625,
0.04964160919189453,
0.05266714096069336,
0.19937515258789062,
-0.016129016876220703,
0.605377197265625,
-0.43218994140625,
0.08084440231323242,
0.20000839233398438,
-0.3507232666015625,
0.06120491027832031,
-0.038092613220214844,
-0.06502723693847656,
0.011492282152175903,
-0.23236846923828125,
0.24054908752441406,
0.52984619140625,
-0.21516799926757812,
-0.32178497314453125,
-0.2828693389892578,
-0.08246040344238281,
0.09290170669555664,
-0.03381490707397461,
0.07121753692626953,
-0.010890007019042969,
0.5633697509765625,
-0.05089521408081055,
0.5097808837890625,
0.022764205932617188,
-0.13283348083496094,
0.900482177734375,
0.09686446189880371,
0.060028076171875,
0.2565422058105469,
0.4036102294921875,
0.10975721478462219,
0.007462024688720703,
-0.13043785095214844,
0.04684770107269287,
-0.24480867385864258,
-0.2608165740966797,
0.10310912132263184,
-0.3093128204345703,
0.3273944854736328,
-0.1842508316040039,
0.2813606262207031,
-0.048404693603515625,
0.4587860107421875,
0.030968308448791504,
0.025455474853515625,
-0.29874420166015625,
0.2204914093017578
] |
2090
|
What state is directly north of North Carolina?
|
[
{
"docid": "21650#0",
"text": "North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties. The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham and Chapel Hill is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park). The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City.",
"title": "North Carolina"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "21930917#1",
"text": "North Carolina – U.S. state on the Eastern Seaboard, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean in the Southeastern United States. North Carolina was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and signed the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. North Carolina was the 12th of the original 13 states to approve the Constitution of the United States of America on January 2, 1788. North Carolina joined the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865, but was readmitted to the Union in 1868.Geography of North Carolina\nDemographics of North Carolina",
"title": "Outline of North Carolina"
},
{
"docid": "127629#6",
"text": "Glen Raven is in the Piedmont Triad region of North Carolina and is located at an elevation of directly north of the city of Burlington. Glen Raven extends north to the Haw River at an elevation of about .",
"title": "Glen Raven, North Carolina"
},
{
"docid": "5888607#0",
"text": "Atlantic is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in eastern Carteret County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 543. It is situated along Core Sound, located in what was known to early settlers of the area as Hunting Quarters. It is the location of US 70's eastern terminus and the ferry terminal for journeys to North Core Banks in the Cape Lookout National Seashore.",
"title": "Atlantic, North Carolina"
},
{
"docid": "23410626#1",
"text": "SC 38 begins at the North Carolina state line where the highway continues north towards Hamlet on North Carolina Highway 38. The road, signed westbound, heads south through rural unincorporated areas of Marlboro County. After entering the city of Bennettsville, it reaches a roundabout where SC 38 Business (SC 38 Bus.) heads directly through the downtown area of the city, SC 38 continues southwest on Oakwood Street. At Cheraw Highway, SC 9 joins SC 38 on a concurrency and SC 9 Bus. heads south. After traveling so far as a two-lane highway, the road expands to four lanes. Shortly after an intersection with SC 385, the road reaches US 15/US 401 and the two state highways form another concurrency with the U.S. routes through a commercial district. At Broad Street, SC 9 Bus. and SC 38 Bus. end and SC 38 turns to the south (SC 9 continues along US 15/US 401).",
"title": "South Carolina Highway 38"
},
{
"docid": "452108#10",
"text": "The major rivers of Eastern North Carolina, from north to south, are: the Chowan, the Roanoke, the Tar, the Neuse and the Cape Fear. Many of those rivers are navigable far inland, owing to their breadth as they traverse the low, flat Atlantic Coastal Plain in the eastern part of the state.\nAmong North Carolina's lakes are hundreds of elliptically-shaped lakes or ponds that are referred to as Carolina bays. These interesting and often ecologically-rich lakes occur in many other states but for some reason are highly concentrated in eastern North Carolina. Lake Waccamaw is the largest of the Carolina bays.",
"title": "Geography of North Carolina"
},
{
"docid": "34255387#2",
"text": "The enzyme belongs to the group of oxidoreductases according to the EC classification and is dependent on FAD as cofactor, thus it was classified as an external flavoprotein monooxygenase (designated as type E). It forms a two-component system with a reductase (StyB, StyA2B). The reductase utilizes solely NADH to reduce the FAD, which is then transferred to the styrene monooxygenase (StyA, StyA1). Two types of that enzyme are described so far: StyA/StyB (designated E1), first described from \"Pseudomonas\" species, and StyA1/StyA2B (designated E2), first described from Actinobacteria. The E1-type is more abundant in nature and comprises a single monooxygenase (StyA) supported by a single reductase (StyB), whereas the E2-type has a major monooxygenase (StyA1) which is supported by fusion protein of a monooxygenase and reductase (StyA2B). The latter one is the source of reduced FAD for the monooxygenase subunits and has some side activity as a monooxygenase. So far all styrene monooxygenases perform enantioselective epoxidations of styrene and chemically analogous compounds, which makes them interesting for biotechnological applications.",
"title": "Styrene monooxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "3482778#0",
"text": "The list of North Carolina hurricanes includes 413 known tropical or subtropical cyclones that have affected the U.S. state of North Carolina. Due to its location, many hurricanes have hit the state directly, and numerous hurricanes have passed near or through North Carolina in its history; the state is ranked fourth, after Florida, Texas, and Louisiana, in the number of cyclones that produced hurricane-force winds in a U.S. state. Hurricanes in North Carolina history are responsible for over $11 billion in damage (2008 USD) and almost 1,000 total fatalities.",
"title": "List of North Carolina hurricanes"
},
{
"docid": "55853074#1",
"text": "s͎ is represented in Unicode by an s and U+034E (Combining Upwards Arrow Below).",
"title": "S͎"
},
{
"docid": "34559818#0",
"text": "The Ŭnsan Line is an electrified standard-gauge freight-only secondary line of the Korean State Railway in South P'yŏngan Province, North Korea, running from Ŭnsan on the P'yŏngra Line to Taegŏn.",
"title": "Ŭnsan Line"
}
] |
[
0.28665992617607117,
0.3488353490829468,
0.49582740664482117,
0.10824862122535706,
-0.1153106689453125,
0.19571270048618317,
0.047936178743839264,
-0.2979292571544647,
0.4198108911514282,
0.4359241724014282,
0.36057350039482117,
-0.15697965025901794,
-0.6317027807235718,
0.33538818359375,
-0.3105635344982147,
-0.24985574185848236,
0.4265802502632141,
0.20829080045223236,
0.4457452893257141,
0.3829234838485718,
-0.24404074251651764,
0.5052601099014282,
0.3322310149669647,
-0.018338290974497795,
-0.07045988738536835,
-0.3396661877632141,
-0.11979813873767853,
0.12855114042758942,
-0.3306107819080353,
0.20094992220401764,
0.04172515869140625,
0.12147383391857147,
0.15978170931339264,
0.4840503931045532,
-0.394073486328125,
0.09248559921979904,
0.18075284361839294,
0.2777210474014282,
0.3503861725330353,
0.6289728283882141,
-0.12248854339122772,
-0.02174471691250801,
0.3942704498767853,
0.10093758255243301,
-0.041694119572639465,
0.34194114804267883,
0.08603460341691971,
0.10479597747325897,
-0.025458596646785736,
0.34811678528785706,
-0.3597855865955353,
-0.13103832304477692,
-0.12868152558803558,
-0.022607283666729927,
-0.3881392180919647,
0.4040416479110718,
-0.48239967226982117,
0.6983753442764282,
-0.2791748046875,
-0.12742094695568085,
0.46499910950660706,
0.12369745224714279,
-0.1348211169242859,
-0.03337235748767853,
0.447509765625,
-0.04039521515369415,
-0.04336010292172432,
0.12722431123256683,
0.34121981263160706,
0.03483061492443085,
-0.1614324450492859,
0.4847301244735718,
0.4636674225330353,
-0.0762779638171196,
0.15583524107933044,
-0.3020130395889282,
-0.1646520495414734,
-0.2186438888311386,
0.3702503442764282,
-0.41554954648017883,
0.30739524960517883,
-0.20511141419410706,
0.08165533095598221,
0.045407816767692566,
-0.007044358644634485,
0.30068138241767883,
0.13444934785366058,
-0.16251477599143982,
0.17291849851608276,
0.46388939023017883,
-0.2589555084705353,
0.026793045923113823,
-0.12175195664167404,
-0.2966974377632141,
0.033180929720401764,
0.3477783203125,
-0.22121264040470123,
-0.4191450774669647,
0.2193603515625,
-0.56982421875,
0.060445960611104965,
-0.08089134842157364,
-0.13133932650089264,
0.2533125579357147,
-0.10407464951276779,
-0.3486771881580353,
-0.19983048737049103,
-0.14094404876232147,
0.24449019134044647,
0.09877152740955353,
0.19569258391857147,
-0.08997137099504471,
0.4505504369735718,
-0.050591208040714264,
-0.11634410172700882,
0.017115332186222076,
0.5026605725288391,
-0.1597844958305359,
-0.19701315462589264,
-1.0661399364471436,
0.24815784394741058,
0.3963623046875,
-0.3016801178455353,
-0.17703385651111603,
-0.5316606163978577,
-0.11332286149263382,
0.45188209414482117,
0.04105724021792412,
0.5174449682235718,
0.6198286414146423,
0.27261975407600403,
0.36643287539482117,
-0.24430154263973236,
0.6842151880264282,
0.21915505826473236,
0.30421483516693115,
0.29679176211357117,
-0.24695101380348206,
0.17475198209285736,
-0.4015669524669647,
0.31245630979537964,
-0.5872913599014282,
-0.2741713225841522,
0.6810857653617859,
0.3197493255138397,
0.3556573987007141,
0.41153231263160706,
-0.2280939221382141,
0.19945178925991058,
-0.09334356337785721,
0.5875355005264282,
0.05246289074420929,
-0.01734698936343193,
0.3345281481742859,
0.07636607438325882,
0.2629810571670532,
0.06275801360607147,
0.19691328704357147,
0.33644798398017883,
0.4208873510360718,
0.6677690148353577,
0.22325238585472107,
-0.21570934355258942,
0.021449370309710503,
-0.1728370040655136,
0.08669853210449219,
-0.30126953125,
0.5484730005264282,
0.6037153601646423,
-0.2128143310546875,
-0.3057861328125,
0.2761674225330353,
0.1927545666694641,
-0.15547162294387817,
0.0921526849269867,
0.1549072265625,
-0.2619739770889282,
0.4645552337169647,
0.16275301575660706,
0.07963354140520096,
-0.17707963287830353,
0.2885298430919647,
-0.027424205094575882,
0.2738702893257141,
0.6531427502632141,
0.19416393339633942,
-0.0028103915974497795,
0.1628589630126953,
-0.1406804919242859,
-0.01262179296463728,
0.08623366057872772,
-0.005240700673311949,
0.5392622351646423,
0.008564341813325882,
0.2566583752632141,
-0.018242575228214264,
-0.4766179919242859,
0.36865234375,
-0.06520774215459824,
-0.002266623778268695,
0.4622691869735718,
-0.4395862817764282,
-0.25130948424339294,
0.1912139505147934,
0.27805396914482117,
-0.5188432335853577,
0.12116935104131699,
-0.6580699682235718,
-0.08668795228004456,
-0.35984107851982117,
0.19542139768600464,
0.09106861799955368,
0.5773038268089294,
0.24225546419620514,
0.014212175272405148,
0.3040327727794647,
0.4010453522205353,
0.01951308734714985,
0.43948087096214294,
-0.1844732165336609,
-0.3311212658882141,
0.49587181210517883,
0.030217431485652924,
-0.38828346133232117,
0.20599365234375,
-0.16046281158924103,
0.1392156481742859,
-0.5728204846382141,
0.15182910859584808,
0.4238947033882141,
0.3395885229110718,
-0.2663074731826782,
0.2697920501232147,
-0.3550775647163391,
0.4525701403617859,
0.12461714446544647,
0.45181551575660706,
0.005047364626079798,
-0.3823685944080353,
0.3840221166610718,
0.08148722350597382,
-0.33750638365745544,
-0.11432023346424103,
0.45008155703544617,
0.3563343286514282,
0.1279870867729187,
0.05335582420229912,
0.12947502732276917,
-0.3306995630264282,
-0.30178001523017883,
-0.019480271264910698,
0.024918990209698677,
-0.0287628173828125,
0.11518998444080353,
-0.2552490234375,
0.22499223053455353,
0.24660421907901764,
-0.28238677978515625,
0.208465576171875,
0.48459693789482117,
0.5130504369735718,
-0.15523667633533478,
0.3577769994735718,
0.1867731213569641,
-0.27350685000419617,
-0.021312367171049118,
0.41921165585517883,
0.38576439023017883,
-0.0061770351603627205,
0.16768021881580353,
0.4301314055919647,
-0.007933183573186398,
0.2072698473930359,
0.20591042935848236,
-0.2696089446544647,
-0.3309326171875,
0.042416658252477646,
-0.04236186668276787,
-0.5010875463485718,
0.7500887513160706,
0.39284446835517883,
-0.19465775787830353,
0.24738658964633942,
0.3024347424507141,
0.057830117642879486,
0.1528570055961609,
-0.352294921875,
0.3491654694080353,
-0.3480779528617859,
0.2271728515625,
0.42879971861839294,
0.5093217492103577,
0.34170809388160706,
-0.32138893008232117,
-0.2489648312330246,
0.21990966796875,
-0.022912459447979927,
0.09500191360712051,
-0.0035220058634877205,
-0.1315057873725891,
1.1789772510528564,
-0.4869495630264282,
0.2541767358779907,
0.2646650969982147,
0.3530717194080353,
-0.11467673629522324,
0.009896018542349339,
-0.4619140625,
0.025084929540753365,
0.6118385791778564,
0.3580322265625,
-0.20611572265625,
-0.18238969147205353,
0.14064164459705353,
0.7126686573028564,
0.31203946471214294,
0.3730912506580353,
-0.03605305030941963,
0.11343245208263397,
0.012894717045128345,
0.1676538586616516,
0.1821802258491516,
-0.2539839446544647,
-0.14334383606910706,
0.2821710705757141,
-0.5762828588485718,
0.12718304991722107,
-0.35134056210517883,
0.5495383739471436,
0.015240409411489964,
0.2952076196670532,
-0.029881738126277924,
-0.263824462890625,
-0.19291825592517853,
-0.08822007477283478,
0.24881814420223236,
0.5137606263160706,
0.3724476099014282,
-0.10520796477794647,
-0.258544921875,
-0.03524745628237724,
-0.12717784941196442,
0.2601873278617859,
0.2637273669242859,
0.15396951138973236,
0.04485802352428436,
0.40633878111839294,
-0.11873557418584824,
0.17497114837169647,
-0.16511119902133942,
-0.060238923877477646,
0.4467329680919647,
-0.2830865979194641,
-0.01890048198401928,
-0.17533926665782928,
-0.05898423492908478,
-0.25015535950660706,
0.07058923691511154,
0.2612415552139282,
-0.19329833984375,
-0.11843317002058029,
0.465576171875,
0.4255814850330353,
0.20527233183383942,
0.2753240466117859,
-0.20309171080589294,
0.16401810944080353,
0.007770885247737169,
-0.2620905041694641,
0.6312810778617859,
0.09589750319719315,
-0.008472182787954807,
-0.02621564082801342,
-0.19842529296875,
-0.5013094544410706,
-0.5413485169410706,
0.017965489998459816,
0.34078148007392883,
0.414794921875,
0.3419744372367859,
0.049925532191991806,
0.6369407176971436,
-0.03372851386666298,
0.03144671767950058,
-0.06293001770973206,
-0.16680526733398438,
0.44162818789482117,
0.1006976068019867,
0.05331975594162941,
-0.5915971398353577,
-0.03668178245425224,
-0.3135542571544647,
-0.11779091507196426,
0.08497896790504456,
-0.00456099072471261,
0.1411077380180359,
-0.08773352950811386,
0.29489967226982117,
0.33571556210517883,
0.022074390202760696,
0.21530984342098236,
0.18041715025901794,
0.32302024960517883,
0.6521217823028564,
4.105291366577148,
-0.03955216705799103,
0.5228160619735718,
-0.009777415543794632,
-0.19560103118419647,
-0.15123678743839264,
0.5796564221382141,
-0.09836231917142868,
-0.03364528343081474,
0.10643699020147324,
-0.28220435976982117,
-0.02826153114438057,
0.00568251172080636,
0.17240004241466522,
0.028893209993839264,
-0.015655171126127243,
0.3260608911514282,
0.29640892148017883,
0.3818831145763397,
-0.05599004402756691,
-0.3961958587169647,
0.0023318203166127205,
0.4939408600330353,
0.24028292298316956,
0.4271587133407593,
-0.10235040634870529,
0.3561997711658478,
0.20055319368839264,
0.3757435083389282,
0.0905255377292633,
0.35498046875,
0.0006327195442281663,
-0.3325972259044647,
0.04536021873354912,
-0.6707097887992859,
0.25906649231910706,
0.32040128111839294,
-0.17392660677433014,
0.2818048596382141,
0.2125909924507141,
-0.43581321835517883,
0.011161110363900661,
0.12292272597551346,
0.5644087195396423,
0.06367909163236618,
-0.3686079680919647,
-0.08652427047491074,
0.23507413268089294,
-0.07182867079973221,
0.175811767578125,
-0.00041545520070940256,
-0.07921461760997772,
0.2923140227794647,
-0.1501409411430359,
0.4398970305919647,
0.5069025158882141,
0.22119417786598206,
0.05568556487560272,
0.07647740095853806,
0.42141446471214294,
-0.17345081269741058,
0.38192471861839294,
0.4442027807235718,
-0.35171785950660706,
-0.3764759302139282,
0.13963733613491058,
0.1794794201850891,
-0.010601390153169632,
0.21552623808383942,
-0.2345893234014511,
0.19154496490955353,
0.28330299258232117,
0.4920654296875,
-0.014339620247483253,
-0.004284772090613842,
0.5127952098846436,
-0.17523193359375,
-0.010459206067025661,
-0.31827059388160706,
0.3488103747367859,
0.41689369082450867,
-0.10243363678455353,
-0.17079301178455353,
0.2001953125,
-0.2128503918647766,
0.39736106991767883,
0.17749300599098206,
-0.31178978085517883,
0.23353160917758942,
0.050610627979040146,
-0.13604736328125,
0.019162265583872795,
0.084435373544693,
0.053835783153772354,
-0.4579634368419647,
-0.024398110806941986,
-0.11416695266962051,
-3.969637870788574,
0.39450904726982117,
0.5241920948028564,
0.2765003442764282,
-0.028104694560170174,
-0.11995211243629456,
0.3880060315132141,
0.3234142065048218,
-0.5636985301971436,
0.6117276549339294,
-0.45993873476982117,
0.03510648384690285,
-0.3170055150985718,
0.19366455078125,
0.29604271054267883,
0.34310635924339294,
0.235931396484375,
0.5642533898353577,
0.38210228085517883,
-0.3389226794242859,
0.02133941650390625,
0.01702447421848774,
0.21982644498348236,
-0.1560613512992859,
-0.0689203068614006,
0.3412642180919647,
0.027071865275502205,
-0.35031959414482117,
0.21471057832241058,
0.13112501800060272,
0.5065813660621643,
-0.019520847126841545,
0.4143732190132141,
-0.10292399674654007,
-0.04010304436087608,
0.510986328125,
0.2745916247367859,
0.1481073498725891,
0.11348169296979904,
0.2911376953125,
-0.2022649645805359,
0.18881918489933014,
0.33157625794410706,
0.09908225387334824,
-0.10580479353666306,
0.23984874784946442,
-0.06616557389497757,
0.18553577363491058,
0.02608039230108261,
-0.09366676956415176,
0.24516712129116058,
0.2982177734375,
0.023121921345591545,
-0.024952281266450882,
0.5875799059867859,
0.11805863678455353,
0.2742670178413391,
-0.25116243958473206,
0.3023737072944641,
0.23492154479026794,
-0.3582097887992859,
-0.09212979674339294,
0.011534950695931911,
-0.008061149157583714,
0.4300537109375,
-0.3002818822860718,
-0.22653475403785706,
-0.02882259525358677,
0.4557439684867859,
-0.20607757568359375,
0.4550670385360718,
-0.015647627413272858,
-0.17492155730724335,
-0.11760642379522324,
0.24253706634044647,
0.3415693938732147,
0.12040849030017853,
0.08273038268089294,
0.519287109375,
0.21584250032901764,
-0.31014737486839294,
0.14907525479793549,
-0.3455699682235718,
0.32815828919410706,
2.3678090572357178,
0.2756902575492859,
2.11328125,
0.05031932517886162,
0.20634771883487701,
0.3887162506580353,
-0.12499583512544632,
-0.11493474990129471,
0.20595480501651764,
-0.10855379700660706,
0.7498002648353577,
0.040091775357723236,
0.14723344147205353,
0.14305530488491058,
-0.35451439023017883,
-0.20596036314964294,
0.33053311705589294,
-0.8153409361839294,
0.07643404603004456,
0.23610617220401764,
0.5536221861839294,
-0.2747247815132141,
-0.04542333260178566,
0.29547950625419617,
-0.21341775357723236,
0.07322276383638382,
-0.008348985575139523,
-0.16082763671875,
0.10525374114513397,
-0.15034207701683044,
-0.21712979674339294,
-0.06907930970191956,
0.2916814684867859,
0.4462224841117859,
0.13376964628696442,
0.3627374768257141,
-0.06046641990542412,
4.665127754211426,
-0.2487737536430359,
0.06258323043584824,
-0.2743696868419647,
0.024612773209810257,
0.09831099212169647,
0.08046653121709824,
-0.16195955872535706,
-0.05646514892578125,
0.19977916777133942,
0.21717973053455353,
-0.2596490979194641,
0.115386962890625,
-0.23404207825660706,
0.24803577363491058,
0.16011185944080353,
-0.05376850441098213,
0.2877752184867859,
0.13037109375,
0.023621993139386177,
-0.0038049870636314154,
0.3507745862007141,
0.0725201666355133,
-0.11997916549444199,
-0.13453465700149536,
0.22364391386508942,
0.21077537536621094,
-0.2855335474014282,
0.07955464720726013,
0.04434412345290184,
0.5573508739471436,
5.5188212394714355,
0.14704479277133942,
-0.028363315388560295,
-0.04656774178147316,
0.2689264416694641,
0.17659135162830353,
-0.15788130462169647,
0.22902609407901764,
-0.04561753571033478,
-0.06388438493013382,
-0.17556485533714294,
0.2055719494819641,
0.064361572265625,
0.2512650787830353,
0.4333052337169647,
0.36794212460517883,
-0.3166060149669647,
-0.13050426542758942,
0.11846715956926346,
-0.15846945345401764,
0.99951171875,
0.20126619935035706,
0.12225618958473206,
0.05659831687808037,
-0.558837890625,
-0.28926780819892883,
-0.007047479972243309,
0.06765712052583694,
0.3228204846382141,
0.19595614075660706,
0.25644752383232117,
0.039258088916540146,
0.1920166015625,
0.46768465638160706,
0.007747303228825331,
-0.20872913300991058,
0.45230379700660706,
0.06914728134870529,
0.3804571032524109,
0.033536579459905624,
0.3061079680919647,
0.18092484772205353,
-0.2733556628227234,
0.004688609857112169,
0.495361328125,
-0.40793678164482117,
-0.040901876986026764,
0.010785016231238842,
-0.29038307070732117,
0.2336370348930359,
0.29345703125,
0.1609136462211609,
0.8543590307235718,
0.18549694120883942,
0.5920965075492859,
0.3084605932235718,
-0.2621751129627228,
-0.10819313675165176,
-0.20756669342517853,
-0.06487482041120529,
0.6072221398353577,
0.20462869107723236,
0.20530562102794647,
0.7214577198028564,
0.3862970471382141,
0.43026456236839294,
0.6898748278617859,
-0.06302330642938614,
0.6003196239471436,
-0.2779651880264282,
0.07370758056640625,
-0.3567338287830353,
-0.18566617369651794,
0.22365500032901764,
-0.08674760162830353,
-0.29392310976982117,
-0.17579512298107147,
-0.08355851471424103,
0.4399580657482147,
-0.20200833678245544,
-0.14439530670642853,
-0.43685635924339294,
-0.06676344573497772,
-0.029077010229229927,
0.23884166777133942,
0.26606056094169617,
0.09349198639392853,
-0.2840520739555359,
0.5345569849014282,
0.6532759070396423,
-0.03435412421822548,
-0.22622403502464294,
-0.15312610566616058,
0.11684903502464294,
-0.05819563567638397,
0.11983975768089294,
-0.36612769961357117,
-0.07505763322114944,
0.18675440549850464,
0.054926786571741104,
-0.052798185497522354,
-0.25216397643089294,
0.3685413599014282,
-0.10668347030878067,
0.10131489485502243,
0.057400789111852646,
-0.07293839752674103,
0.10493192076683044,
0.22630171477794647,
0.47152432799339294,
0.18905916810035706,
0.020226912572979927,
0.10593760758638382,
0.1852569580078125,
-0.0928088128566742
] |
2091
|
King David Hotel was founded when?
|
[
{
"docid": "105921#0",
"text": "The King David Hotel ( , ) is a 5-star hotel in Jerusalem and a member of The Leading Hotels of the World. Opened in 1931, the hotel was built with locally quarried pink limestone and was founded by Ezra Mosseri, a wealthy Egyptian Jewish banker. It is located on King David Street in the centre of Jerusalem, overlooking the Old City and Mount Zion.",
"title": "King David Hotel"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "105921#4",
"text": "On May 4, 1948, when the British flag was lowered as the British Mandate ended, the building became a Jewish stronghold. At the end of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the hotel found itself overlooking \"no-man’s land\" on the armistice line that divided Jerusalem into Israeli and Jordanian territory. The hotel was purchased by the Dan Hotels chain in 1958. Multiple scenes in the 1960 film \"Exodus\" were shot at the hotel, both outside and inside, in the main lobby and on the terrace. When East Jerusalem was annexed by Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War, the hotel was expanded, with two additional floors.",
"title": "King David Hotel"
},
{
"docid": "105921#3",
"text": "From its earliest days, the King David Hotel hosted royalty: the dowager empress of Persia, queen mother Nazli of Egypt, and King Abdullah I of Jordan stayed at the hotel, and three heads of state forced to flee their countries took up residence there: King Alfonso XIII of Spain, forced to abdicate in 1931, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, driven out by the Italians in 1936, and King George II of Greece, who set up his government in exile at the hotel after the Nazi occupation of his country in 1942. During the British Mandate, the southern wing of the hotel was turned into a British administrative and military headquarters.\nOn July 22, 1946, the southwestern corner of the hotel was bombed during an attack led by the Zionist paramilitary group Irgun. 91 people died and 45 people were injured. An earlier attempt by the Irgun to attack the hotel had been foiled when the Haganah learned of it, and warned the British authorities.",
"title": "King David Hotel"
},
{
"docid": "12871962#2",
"text": "To help pay for his college fees Bitar worked as a clerk at the Chief Secretary's office in Jerusalem. The British had chosen the King David Hotel as their headquarters in a secure zone, thus requiring a pass to enter. On July 22, 1946, the King David Hotel was bombed by members of Irgun — a terrorist Zionist organization. Adi was in the building when the bomb exploded and was saved only because his elder brother Bahij; who also worked there, insisted that Adi was buried alive under the rubble. It took two hours to reach him and he was found alive with two broken arms and two broken ribs and with many bruises all over his face and body. It took several weeks for his injuries to heal.",
"title": "Adi Bitar"
},
{
"docid": "105922#0",
"text": "The King David Hotel bombing was a terrorist attack carried out on Monday, July 22, 1946, by the militant right-wing Zionist underground organization the Irgun on the British administrative headquarters for Palestine, which was housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. 91 people of various nationalities were killed, and 46 were injured.",
"title": "King David Hotel bombing"
},
{
"docid": "105922#9",
"text": "Amichai Paglin, Chief of Operations of the Irgun, developed a remote-controlled mortar with a range of four miles, which was nicknamed the V3 by British military engineers. In 1945, after attacks using the mortar had been made on several police stations, six V3s were buried in the olive grove park south of the King David Hotel. Three were aimed at the government printing press\nand three at the hotel itself. The intention was to fire them on the King's birthday, but the Haganah learned about the plan and warned the British through Teddy Kollek of the Jewish Agency. Army sappers then dug them up. On another occasion, members of an unknown group threw grenades, which missed, at the hotel.",
"title": "King David Hotel bombing"
},
{
"docid": "105921#2",
"text": "In 1929, Palestine Hotels Ltd. purchased on Jerusalem's Julian’s Way, today King David Street. Half the construction costs were paid by Ezra Mosseri, an affluent Egyptian Jewish banker and director of the National Bank of Egypt, and another 46% by other wealthy Cairo Jews. The approximately 4% remaining was paid by the National Bank, which purchased 693 shares of the company between 1934 and 1943.",
"title": "King David Hotel"
},
{
"docid": "105922#4",
"text": "The Irgun committed the attack in response to Operation Agatha, known in Israel as \"Black Saturday\". British troops had searched the Jewish Agency on June 29 and confiscated large quantities of documents directly implicating the Haganah in the Jewish insurgency against Britain. The intelligence information was taken to the King David Hotel, where it was initially kept in the offices of the Secretariat in the southern wing. In order to destroy the incriminating documentation, the Irgun therefore determined to destroy that wing of the hotel.",
"title": "King David Hotel bombing"
},
{
"docid": "2987197#4",
"text": "The hotel dropped the Sheraton name in 1975, after the opening of the brand new Four Seasons Sheraton Hotel nearby, becoming the \"King Edward Hotel\", but it remained part of Sheraton for another three years, until 1978. After a number of years of decline, Trans Nation, Inc. bought the hotel in 1979 for $6.3 million and closed it on September 2, 1979, for a $30 million restoration designed by Stanford Downey Architects Inc. The property reopened May 7, 1981, as part of Trusthouse Forte Hotels, which bought the hotel outright on December 23 of that year. When Forte acquired hotels from Air France in 1994, the King Edward was rechristened \" King Edward\". The chain was involved in several other acquisitions and mergers between 1996 and 2003 when the brand came under the ownership of Lehman Brothers Holdings.",
"title": "The Omni King Edward Hotel"
},
{
"docid": "105922#1",
"text": "The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan. When planned, the attack had the approval of the Haganah, the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine, though, unbeknownst to the Irgun, this had been cancelled by the time the operation was carried out. It was conceived as part of a response to Operation Agatha (a series of widespread raids, including one on the Jewish Agency, conducted by the British authorities) and was the deadliest directed at the British during the Mandate era (1920–1948).",
"title": "King David Hotel bombing"
}
] |
[
0.3045789897441864,
-0.0919765904545784,
-0.3547092080116272,
0.3599311113357544,
-0.10289552807807922,
0.08459295332431793,
0.611328125,
-0.2818467915058136,
0.1281144917011261,
0.3829752504825592,
-0.2816484272480011,
-0.5830349326133728,
-0.2285427451133728,
-0.0695563405752182,
-0.5096842646598816,
-0.0358106829226017,
0.5159233808517456,
0.1534576416015625,
-0.17879444360733032,
-0.13809193670749664,
0.0482516810297966,
0.6600477695465088,
-0.4199761152267456,
-0.1941324919462204,
0.1554701030254364,
-0.0772705078125,
-0.1903415322303772,
0.35009765625,
0.056793212890625,
0.1564263254404068,
0.6766493320465088,
-0.2559407651424408,
0.07755475491285324,
0.2850918173789978,
-0.6784396767616272,
0.3359917402267456,
0.2765570878982544,
-0.1358998566865921,
-0.2684665322303772,
0.418212890625,
-0.0393032506108284,
-0.0501200370490551,
0.5789387822151184,
0.2078993022441864,
0.5344780683517456,
0.16477669775485992,
0.0654415562748909,
0.1447957307100296,
-0.15987597405910492,
0.3370090126991272,
-0.5054795742034912,
-0.4907768964767456,
-0.408935546875,
-0.2286783903837204,
-0.61962890625,
0.7463650107383728,
0.08680595457553864,
0.2953694760799408,
-0.2347835898399353,
0.4220106303691864,
0.0560930036008358,
-0.09381484985351562,
-0.3972710371017456,
0.0748392716050148,
0.4867350161075592,
-0.001142263412475586,
-0.02982870675623417,
0.4290364682674408,
0.6946071982383728,
0.1665242463350296,
0.12047534435987473,
0.1316511332988739,
0.4614800214767456,
-0.2024773508310318,
-0.2842542827129364,
0.00226593017578125,
-0.2825927734375,
-0.0816887766122818,
0.1532321572303772,
-0.1650814414024353,
0.6329209804534912,
-0.2873060405254364,
-0.08300957828760147,
0.2967461347579956,
0.01811811700463295,
0.1836480051279068,
-0.3130154013633728,
0.3332315981388092,
0.2370537668466568,
0.673583984375,
-0.3523627519607544,
-0.0721944198012352,
-0.10552491247653961,
-0.1710985004901886,
0.11659198254346848,
0.4135877788066864,
0.04686228558421135,
-0.4205864667892456,
0.2900661826133728,
-0.5112033486366272,
0.0299530029296875,
-0.3229709267616272,
-0.06923166662454605,
0.2047661691904068,
0.3323025107383728,
-0.3882378339767456,
0.09061834216117859,
0.3644205629825592,
-0.0844540074467659,
0.3226047158241272,
0.420166015625,
-0.1993069052696228,
0.1606055349111557,
0.04705556109547615,
0.1917724609375,
0.3197563886642456,
0.0855543315410614,
-0.20538330078125,
-0.0381876640021801,
-1.0389540195465088,
0.5166015625,
0.5092231035232544,
-0.1482781320810318,
-0.149139404296875,
-0.1621500700712204,
-0.5199110507965088,
0.4867892861366272,
0.2998860776424408,
0.6259765625,
0.8731011152267456,
-0.04637739434838295,
0.3593207597732544,
-0.030171288177371025,
0.5330946445465088,
-0.1526826173067093,
0.2450663298368454,
0.3288981020450592,
0.1743096262216568,
0.07522503286600113,
-0.06480831652879715,
-0.3289794921875,
0.1314646452665329,
-0.0538058802485466,
0.8948567509651184,
-0.03108893521130085,
0.5712348222732544,
0.1368577778339386,
0.1823323518037796,
0.2369757741689682,
-0.0288976039737463,
0.3248019814491272,
0.4811197817325592,
-0.12176513671875,
0.4010145366191864,
-0.2835218608379364,
0.1099514439702034,
0.5840657353401184,
0.2118937224149704,
0.2189263254404068,
-0.11386574804782867,
0.684814453125,
0.2583414614200592,
0.2309163361787796,
0.1119011789560318,
0.1915266215801239,
0.1179690882563591,
-0.011249118484556675,
0.2504204511642456,
0.5007595419883728,
-0.1527845561504364,
-0.004748291335999966,
-0.023199399933218956,
0.1635877788066864,
-0.2229682058095932,
-0.0443149134516716,
0.1674126535654068,
-0.3641493022441864,
-0.2151557058095932,
-0.05289798229932785,
-0.1688096821308136,
0.0223269984126091,
0.2736138105392456,
0.1114332377910614,
0.3270331621170044,
0.5232204794883728,
0.06619712710380554,
0.5913357138633728,
-0.0902506485581398,
-0.1839328408241272,
0.0406172014772892,
-0.0362124964594841,
-0.1651865690946579,
0.4636501669883728,
-0.1944715678691864,
-0.03580453619360924,
0.35595703125,
0.13494873046875,
0.2455817312002182,
0.0412326380610466,
0.4332139790058136,
0.0471564382314682,
0.1140950545668602,
-0.1089375838637352,
0.04283905029296875,
0.2463107705116272,
-0.4184163510799408,
-0.1847093403339386,
0.18939208984375,
-0.3525390625,
0.0287034772336483,
0.11444091796875,
0.1110093891620636,
0.2365993857383728,
0.2220798134803772,
0.032609302550554276,
0.2931315004825592,
0.3683132529258728,
-0.3585069477558136,
0.4017198383808136,
0.4313150942325592,
-0.1010708287358284,
0.4890950620174408,
-0.0439470075070858,
0.115875244140625,
-0.0934007465839386,
-0.2396443635225296,
0.0259535051882267,
-0.3632541298866272,
0.045318603515625,
0.5587294101715088,
0.1979270577430725,
0.1819678395986557,
0.10975604504346848,
0.0425855852663517,
-0.1785380095243454,
0.24096934497356415,
0.3849555253982544,
0.01535161305218935,
-0.0351392962038517,
0.1228129044175148,
0.0857001394033432,
-0.0681779682636261,
-0.1765221506357193,
0.2422417551279068,
0.1821492463350296,
-0.1629808247089386,
0.1351826936006546,
0.0023218791466206312,
-0.1997273713350296,
-0.1852874755859375,
0.0908576101064682,
-0.1783006489276886,
0.21344023942947388,
0.00323528703302145,
-0.2350803017616272,
0.2752685546875,
-0.11753591150045395,
0.2418687641620636,
-0.20320384204387665,
0.32421875,
0.1773749440908432,
0.2612236738204956,
0.3795301616191864,
0.3339708149433136,
-0.10632578283548355,
-0.28491857647895813,
0.5814344882965088,
0.32568359375,
0.1104838028550148,
0.5750054121017456,
0.7366536259651184,
-0.6815321445465088,
-0.1904364675283432,
0.12261962890625,
-0.1974012553691864,
0.1960788369178772,
0.2165798544883728,
-0.0369432233273983,
0.0327826589345932,
0.16849258542060852,
0.0704345703125,
-0.07357745617628098,
-0.1604749858379364,
0.3781467080116272,
0.0750054270029068,
0.33428955078125,
-0.3631930947303772,
-0.0366024449467659,
0.0895182266831398,
-0.2188720703125,
-0.05879656597971916,
0.3985460102558136,
0.1286112517118454,
-0.2389933317899704,
-0.1909383088350296,
-0.16222000122070312,
0.00722418911755085,
-0.137420654296875,
-0.1080763041973114,
-0.05369419604539871,
0.4100477397441864,
-0.6114366054534912,
0.29060110449790955,
0.0949028879404068,
-0.13484106957912445,
-0.2652587890625,
-0.1874321848154068,
0.03454335406422615,
-0.2235582172870636,
0.4839409589767456,
0.5063765048980713,
-0.488037109375,
0.1504177451133728,
0.1921725869178772,
0.2937350869178772,
0.9525824785232544,
0.4982367753982544,
0.03722381591796875,
0.3444010317325592,
0.1767035573720932,
0.1252305805683136,
-0.1798027902841568,
-0.458740234375,
-0.04703124240040779,
0.2107950896024704,
-0.4842122495174408,
0.1369035542011261,
-0.6469184160232544,
0.4533149003982544,
0.1467675119638443,
0.2027672678232193,
0.1125589981675148,
0.0648244246840477,
-0.1400417685508728,
0.05373043566942215,
-0.0859103724360466,
0.13190460205078125,
0.0473565012216568,
0.3067241907119751,
-0.0096274483948946,
-0.2230495810508728,
0.11488024145364761,
0.15869957208633423,
0.1959771066904068,
0.2934061586856842,
-0.0738050639629364,
-0.1479424387216568,
-0.3078748881816864,
0.4698079526424408,
0.1794026643037796,
-0.2302110493183136,
0.4141167402267456,
-0.02159627340734005,
0.09628719836473465,
-0.1626552939414978,
0.2752549946308136,
0.2816297709941864,
-0.1763034462928772,
0.1324022114276886,
-0.3348659873008728,
-0.1511179655790329,
0.1971435546875,
0.05139075219631195,
-0.0030737982597202063,
0.3806694746017456,
0.018554899841547012,
0.1656019389629364,
-0.0832400843501091,
0.2536892294883728,
0.0195482037961483,
-0.03089141845703125,
-0.1988660991191864,
-0.0931633859872818,
0.1451890766620636,
-0.2532009482383728,
-0.0141889788210392,
-0.1713595986366272,
0.5473904013633728,
0.3547905683517456,
0.5857204794883728,
0.3761121928691864,
0.4545356035232544,
0.1619466096162796,
-0.08900875598192215,
-0.19361475110054016,
-0.1700659841299057,
-0.0594618059694767,
0.1670922189950943,
0.2646891176700592,
-0.1610276997089386,
0.559326171875,
-0.2756788432598114,
-0.0296190045773983,
-0.2489013671875,
-0.3170437216758728,
0.15446090698242188,
-0.03854698687791824,
0.2089301198720932,
0.1173909530043602,
-0.0821346715092659,
0.1491241455078125,
0.3178168535232544,
0.5264485478401184,
0.41064453125,
4.080729007720947,
0.0985344797372818,
0.130645751953125,
-0.2700059711933136,
-0.3187798261642456,
0.0864156112074852,
0.3984917402267456,
-0.005306667648255825,
0.4214138388633728,
0.1215684711933136,
-0.0338897705078125,
0.2367485910654068,
0.2080891877412796,
-0.6461588740348816,
0.0866122767329216,
0.4235297441482544,
0.4593912661075592,
-0.2206760048866272,
-0.0904998779296875,
0.6756184697151184,
-0.23040771484375,
0.3689100444316864,
0.3267415463924408,
0.7051323652267456,
0.6496310830116272,
-0.1027425155043602,
0.0301344133913517,
0.1313273161649704,
0.4134250283241272,
0.3649359941482544,
0.2869805097579956,
-0.1409708708524704,
0.4534505307674408,
0.18516074120998383,
-0.8803168535232544,
0.3463948667049408,
0.2392578125,
-0.18463686108589172,
-0.15155029296875,
-0.10906049609184265,
-0.23406982421875,
-0.111663818359375,
0.1980624794960022,
0.4235297441482544,
-0.0654805526137352,
-0.0498199462890625,
-0.1115960031747818,
0.2362874299287796,
0.4362386167049408,
-0.2366095632314682,
0.3277587890625,
0.1378512978553772,
-0.2608235776424408,
-0.0409783273935318,
0.2496880441904068,
0.4748263955116272,
0.2901475727558136,
0.5711534023284912,
0.2064446359872818,
-0.1362067312002182,
0.5128580927848816,
0.2647705078125,
0.1950615793466568,
0.0731235072016716,
-0.2192179411649704,
0.031905703246593475,
-0.1270514577627182,
-0.1244286447763443,
0.1415235698223114,
-0.0049116346053779125,
0.3210720419883728,
0.4082573652267456,
0.3897569477558136,
0.0837605819106102,
-0.1657884418964386,
-0.07291671633720398,
-0.2296074777841568,
-0.00489849504083395,
0.2997368574142456,
-0.0054762098006904125,
0.15301693975925446,
-0.1793043315410614,
0.1116299107670784,
0.4969075620174408,
0.1155259907245636,
0.5068088173866272,
0.3098280131816864,
-0.5484755039215088,
0.4686414897441864,
0.1985744833946228,
0.1091274693608284,
0.1992526650428772,
0.0243538748472929,
-0.3817274272441864,
0.28660285472869873,
0.085601806640625,
-0.4344075620174408,
-4.030599117279053,
0.05277612432837486,
0.10873837023973465,
-0.3381212055683136,
0.1276143342256546,
-0.1279975026845932,
0.1182895228266716,
0.0913018137216568,
0.02968343161046505,
0.46826171875,
0.0277125034481287,
0.1209682896733284,
-0.4637857973575592,
0.2473042756319046,
0.0794813334941864,
0.019850023090839386,
0.2899576723575592,
0.3502061665058136,
0.1775767058134079,
-0.04885609820485115,
0.06848568469285965,
0.6982150673866272,
0.3261854350566864,
-0.2140892893075943,
0.1667548269033432,
0.246826171875,
0.1275549978017807,
-0.00026957193040288985,
0.445068359375,
-0.011566162109375,
0.0614556223154068,
0.2220069020986557,
0.3531900942325592,
-0.4069281816482544,
0.3942057192325592,
0.4581841230392456,
0.2032877653837204,
-0.0027056799735873938,
0.0204781424254179,
0.2412143349647522,
0.0782436802983284,
-0.0444064661860466,
0.1767052561044693,
0.0771094411611557,
-0.1963297575712204,
0.4910210371017456,
-0.2672661542892456,
-0.2183430939912796,
-0.459228515625,
0.1966535747051239,
0.1694132536649704,
-0.0937991663813591,
-0.1389516144990921,
0.0652838796377182,
0.6252712607383728,
-0.3001437783241272,
0.3615858256816864,
-0.2522108256816864,
0.4688856303691864,
0.2633734941482544,
0.1377970427274704,
-0.3448961079120636,
0.2354397177696228,
-0.0334320068359375,
-0.1982082724571228,
-0.4529079794883728,
0.2914225161075592,
0.2872738242149353,
0.06052016466856003,
-0.3787367045879364,
0.5238715410232544,
0.1812744140625,
-0.03139156848192215,
-0.01343451626598835,
0.3197903037071228,
0.2388475239276886,
0.1917589008808136,
-0.3068678081035614,
0.5285102128982544,
0.2649129331111908,
-0.2609456479549408,
-0.0979885533452034,
-0.3541124165058136,
0.4034288227558136,
2.109266519546509,
0.1973673552274704,
2.122178792953491,
0.2971598207950592,
-0.0174272321164608,
0.4261881411075592,
0.353271484375,
-0.2310723215341568,
0.351806640625,
0.2106136679649353,
-0.3300916850566864,
-0.0155703229829669,
-0.06459765881299973,
0.2562391459941864,
0.0826534703373909,
-0.0791219100356102,
0.4236382246017456,
-1.1438802480697632,
-0.17129771411418915,
-0.1318359375,
0.1735636442899704,
-0.1907280832529068,
-0.1583150178194046,
0.4593505859375,
0.1592610627412796,
-0.1362982839345932,
-0.2845052182674408,
0.4408094584941864,
0.015217251144349575,
-0.2358974814414978,
-0.3097873330116272,
0.2382337749004364,
0.1642591655254364,
0.2533298134803772,
0.3303629457950592,
0.1136067733168602,
-0.08729638159275055,
4.70789909362793,
0.1724785715341568,
-0.1267428994178772,
-0.055919647216796875,
-0.0864834263920784,
-0.10295232385396957,
0.4598253071308136,
0.19980621337890625,
-0.06547461450099945,
0.0597856305539608,
0.3224419355392456,
0.2768961489200592,
-0.1592915803194046,
-0.01995340920984745,
0.5447048544883728,
0.2815585732460022,
0.0300589669495821,
0.0329555943608284,
-0.04075707495212555,
0.3124321699142456,
0.2177056223154068,
0.2655368447303772,
0.1532999724149704,
-0.2129092812538147,
0.09734344482421875,
0.1218227818608284,
0.3525119423866272,
-0.2081637978553772,
0.0138927036896348,
0.3278333842754364,
0.16548708081245422,
5.473090171813965,
0.5853678584098816,
-0.03409046679735184,
-0.1451992392539978,
-0.0670844167470932,
0.350341796875,
-0.1981608122587204,
0.0264163538813591,
-0.5190700888633728,
-0.10132259875535965,
-0.3108724057674408,
-0.5277777910232544,
-0.0830078125,
0.8180338740348816,
0.2736070454120636,
0.0957980677485466,
-0.2684326171875,
-0.0134446881711483,
0.3636610209941864,
-0.4778103232383728,
0.4734429121017456,
-0.04974513500928879,
0.0120103619992733,
-0.4653591513633728,
-0.4452039897441864,
0.2330746054649353,
-0.5613877773284912,
0.5029568076133728,
0.3588053286075592,
0.1281365305185318,
0.1894327849149704,
0.03373061120510101,
-0.4389106035232544,
0.1708577424287796,
-0.0693037211894989,
-0.0483788400888443,
0.3646375834941864,
-0.0215589739382267,
0.0999925434589386,
0.18193987011909485,
0.3347710371017456,
-0.1253543496131897,
-0.33013916015625,
0.12892913818359375,
-0.19137488305568695,
0.2155354768037796,
-0.012699630111455917,
-0.3726128339767456,
-0.2345513254404068,
-0.00317425187677145,
0.2803141176700592,
0.17183727025985718,
0.8636338710784912,
0.3285861611366272,
0.6092393398284912,
0.2227512001991272,
-0.3050265908241272,
0.2873331606388092,
0.1789482980966568,
-0.4089897871017456,
0.6577690839767456,
-0.0395406074821949,
-0.18866389989852905,
0.1644219309091568,
0.4758571982383728,
0.0409206822514534,
0.0196109339594841,
-0.1079508438706398,
0.5889214277267456,
-0.1017591655254364,
-0.0416700579226017,
0.3543294370174408,
-0.0890638530254364,
0.0439910888671875,
-0.00879584439098835,
0.021240659058094025,
0.2147487998008728,
0.0953233540058136,
-0.12962552905082703,
0.6952040195465088,
-0.0498725026845932,
-0.04408158361911774,
-0.3132053017616272,
-0.2354329377412796,
0.2403971403837204,
-0.2779947817325592,
-0.0613945871591568,
0.1931491494178772,
0.2276085764169693,
0.1395534873008728,
0.2291395366191864,
-0.11447567492723465,
0.0891520157456398,
0.63525390625,
-0.07396867871284485,
0.1308864951133728,
0.50970458984375,
0.1768629252910614,
-0.2296956330537796,
0.15775002539157867,
-0.1076677143573761,
0.4744466245174408,
0.2884385883808136,
0.1925387978553772,
0.1544392853975296,
0.022830115631222725,
0.04006852209568024,
0.11246522516012192,
-0.06699752807617188,
-0.0065409340895712376,
0.5321994423866272,
0.3234049379825592,
0.5750596523284912,
-0.0107438825070858,
0.028270086273550987
] |
2093
|
When was General Augusto Pinochet born?
|
[
{
"docid": "18933396#0",
"text": "Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (; ; 25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean general, politician and US-backed dictator of Chile between 1973 and 1990 who remained the Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army until 1998 and was also President of the Government Junta of Chile between 1973 and 1981.\nPinochet assumed power in Chile following a United States-backed coup d'état on 11 September 1973 that overthrew the democratically elected socialist Unidad Popular government of President Salvador Allende and ended civilian rule. Several academics – including Peter Winn, Peter Kornbluh and Tim Weiner – have stated that the support of the United States was crucial to the coup and the consolidation of power afterward. Pinochet had been promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Army by Allende on 23 August 1973, having been its General Chief of Staff since early 1972. In December 1974, the ruling military junta appointed Pinochet Supreme Head of the nation by joint decree, although without the support of one of the coup's instigators, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh. Following his rise to power, Pinochet persecuted leftists, socialists, and political critics, resulting in the executions of from 1,200 to 3,200 people, the internment of as many as 80,000 people and the torture of tens of thousands. According to the Chilean government, the number of executions and forced disappearances was 3,095.",
"title": "Augusto Pinochet"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "18933396#3",
"text": "Pinochet was born in Valparaíso, the son of Augusto Pinochet Vera, a descendant of an 18th-century French Breton immigrant from Lamballe, and Avelina Ugarte Martínez, a woman whose family had been in Chile since the 17th century and was of partial Basque descent. Pinochet went to primary and secondary school at the San Rafael Seminary of Valparaíso, the Rafael Ariztía Institute (Marist Brothers) in Quillota, the French Fathers' School of Valparaíso, and then to the Military School in Santiago, which he entered in 1931. In 1935, after four years studying military geography he graduated with the rank of \"alférez\" (Second Lieutenant) in the infantry. In September 1937, Pinochet was assigned to the \"Chacabuco\" Regiment, in Concepción. Two years later, in 1939, then with the rank of Sub-lieutenant, he moved to the \"Maipo\" Regiment, garrisoned in Valparaíso. He returned to Infantry School in 1940. On 30 January 1943, Pinochet married Lucía Hiriart Rodríguez, with whom he had five children: Inés Lucía, María Verónica, Jacqueline Marie, Augusto Osvaldo and Marco Antonio.",
"title": "Augusto Pinochet"
},
{
"docid": "6674238#0",
"text": "General Augusto Pinochet was indicted for human rights violations committed in his native Chile by Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón on 10 October 1998. He was arrested in London six days later and held for a year and a half before finally being released by the British government in March 2000. Authorized to freely return to Chile, Pinochet was there first indicted by judge Juan Guzmán Tapia, and charged with a number of crimes, before dying on 10 December 2006, without having been convicted in any case. His arrest in London made the front-page of newspapers worldwide as not only did it involve the head of the military dictatorship that ruled Chile between 1973 and 1990, but it was the first time that several European judges applied the principle of universal jurisdiction, declaring themselves competent to judge crimes committed by former heads of state, despite local amnesty laws.",
"title": "Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet"
},
{
"docid": "18399460#2",
"text": "Army General Augusto Pinochet took power on 11 September 1973 in a coup d'état which deposed the democratically elected Socialist President Salvador Allende. Allende killed himself as the presidential palace was being bombarded. A military junta — led by Pinochet, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh, Navy Admiral José Toribio Merino, and Carabinero Chief General César Mendoza — was sworn in the same evening. The following day, the four drafted an official document suspending the 1925 constitution and Congress and establishing the Junta as the country's supreme authority. Pinochet was designated as its first president, and the four verbally agreed to rotate the office. Shortly after, the Junta established an advisory committee, which Pinochet was successful in staffing with Army officers loyal to himself. One of their first recommendations was to discard the idea of a rotating presidency, arguing it would create too many administrative problems and lead to confusion. In March 1974, six months after the Junta's establishment, Pinochet verbally attacked the Christian Democratic Party and stated that there was no set timetable for a return to civilian rule. On 18 December 1974 Pinochet was declared Supreme Leader of the nation. After that date, the junta functioned strictly as a legislative body until the return to democracy in 1990.",
"title": "1988 Chilean national plebiscite"
},
{
"docid": "18933396#57",
"text": "Pinochet returned to Chile on 3 March, 2000. His first act when landing in Santiago's airport was to triumphantly get up from his wheelchair to the acclaim of his supporters. He was first greeted by his successor as head of the Chilean armed forces, General Ricardo Izurieta. President-elect Ricardo Lagos said the retired general's televised arrival had damaged the image of Chile, while thousands demonstrated against him.",
"title": "Augusto Pinochet"
},
{
"docid": "3079649#2",
"text": "This liberal atmosphere changed suddenly when General Augusto Pinochet seized power in a military coup d’etat on September 11, 1973. Chile's wealthy oligarchy, the Nixon administration, and the Central Intelligence Agency, were among the supporters of Allende's overthrow. The owner of Villa Grimaldi at the time of the coup, Emile Vassallo, was pressured to sell the estate to the new government in order to protect his family. This is one of the first examples of the state of siege that was enforced under Pinochet for the next 17 years. His regime began to detain thousands of political activists, students, workers, trade unionists, and any other subversive individuals who spoke out against his military government.",
"title": "Villa Grimaldi"
},
{
"docid": "6674238#19",
"text": "On 23 February 2006, Pinochet's wife Lucia Hiriart, children Augusto, Lucía, Jacqueline, Marco Antonio, and Maria Verónica, daughter-in-law, and personal secretary were indicted on charges of tax fraud, including failing to declare bank accounts overseas, and using false passports. Lucía fled to the US, but was detained and returned to Argentina, her country of departure, after attempting unsuccessfully to claim political asylum. Pinochet's wife, five children, and 17 other persons (including two generals, one of his ex-lawyer and his ex-secretary) were arrested in October 2007 on charges of embezzlement and use of false passports in the context of the Riggs affair. They are accused of having illegally transferred $27m (£13.2m) to foreign bank accounts during Pinochet's rule.",
"title": "Indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet"
},
{
"docid": "18933396#15",
"text": "The junta members originally planned that the presidency would be held for a year by the commanders-in-chief of each of the four military branches in turn. However, Pinochet soon consolidated his control, first retaining sole chairmanship of the military junta, and then proclaiming himself \"Supreme Chief of the Nation\" (de facto provisional president) on 27 June 1974. He officially changed his title to \"President\" on 17 December 1974. General Leigh, head of the Air Force, became increasingly opposed to Pinochet's policies and was forced into retirement on 24 July 1978, after contradicting Pinochet on that year's plebiscite (officially called Consulta Nacional, or National Consultation, in response to a UN resolution condemning Pinochet's government). He was replaced by General Fernando Matthei.",
"title": "Augusto Pinochet"
},
{
"docid": "18933396#6",
"text": "In January 1971, Pinochet was promoted to division general and was named General Commander of the Santiago Army Garrison. At the beginning of 1972, he was appointed General Chief of Staff of the Army. With rising domestic strife in Chile, after General Prats resigned his position, Pinochet was appointed commander-in-chief of the Army on 23 August 1973 by President Salvador Allende just the day after the Chamber of Deputies of Chile approved a asserting that the government was not respecting the Constitution. Less than a month later, the Chilean military deposed Allende.",
"title": "Augusto Pinochet"
},
{
"docid": "18933396#71",
"text": "Massive spontaneous street demonstrations broke out throughout the country upon the news of his death. In Santiago, opponents celebrated his death in Alameda Avenue, while supporters grieved outside the Military Hospital. Pinochet's remains lay in repose on 11 December 2006 at the Military Academy in Las Condes. During this ceremony, Francisco Cuadrado Prats—the grandson of Carlos Prats (a former Commander-in-Chief of the Army in the Allende government who was murdered by Pinochet's secret police)—spat on the coffin, and was quickly surrounded by supporters of Pinochet, who kicked and insulted him. Pinochet's funeral took place the following day at the same venue before a gathering of 60,000 supporters.",
"title": "Augusto Pinochet"
}
] |
[
0.2215745747089386,
-0.043593935668468475,
0.06541771441698074,
0.1521403044462204,
-0.2676595151424408,
-0.2567782998085022,
0.2025994211435318,
-0.2556559145450592,
0.5461154580116272,
0.6050347089767456,
-0.3365342915058136,
-0.3691677451133728,
-0.353271484375,
-0.024305131286382675,
-0.1681586354970932,
-0.3054063618183136,
0.4290635883808136,
-0.1253255158662796,
-0.4954155683517456,
0.3718126118183136,
-0.1605292409658432,
0.5405002236366272,
-0.06115637719631195,
0.2243381142616272,
-0.0818922221660614,
-0.1428019255399704,
-0.2570665180683136,
0.6701388955116272,
0.3130154013633728,
0.5821669101715088,
0.5446234941482544,
-0.0059068468399345875,
0.02976142056286335,
0.6294758915901184,
-0.4673868715763092,
0.08987172693014145,
0.0578935407102108,
-0.1004909947514534,
0.1222110316157341,
0.0865207239985466,
-0.3415798544883728,
0.2578260600566864,
0.6934407353401184,
-0.0598280169069767,
-0.1424797922372818,
0.08218935132026672,
0.2904866635799408,
0.2943589985370636,
-0.1077711284160614,
-0.3625759482383728,
-0.5193142294883728,
-0.05720625817775726,
0.05059221014380455,
0.04612138494849205,
-0.6121962070465088,
0.5068901777267456,
-0.2388102263212204,
0.6213650107383728,
-0.0757124125957489,
-0.4268120527267456,
0.2967936098575592,
0.03855302557349205,
-0.3414984941482544,
-0.07578320056200027,
-0.2096794992685318,
0.1333211213350296,
0.2385660856962204,
0.21087646484375,
0.2990485429763794,
0.5184733271598816,
0.02242024801671505,
0.0375637486577034,
0.4896375834941864,
0.0481431744992733,
0.005657619796693325,
-0.0947214737534523,
-0.4057074785232544,
0.283935546875,
0.0720435231924057,
0.04323069378733635,
0.2806938886642456,
-0.11694759875535965,
0.1113518625497818,
0.3234456479549408,
0.02593146450817585,
0.4496799111366272,
-0.1419202983379364,
0.4475911557674408,
0.47607421875,
0.47509765625,
0.0969187393784523,
0.1629520058631897,
-0.11537763476371765,
-0.1912095844745636,
0.1421101838350296,
-0.015083949081599712,
0.3650716245174408,
-0.1742011159658432,
0.1070217564702034,
-0.5274522304534912,
0.01101557444781065,
-0.21409521996974945,
-0.146575927734375,
0.3842231035232544,
0.4571940004825592,
-0.3834635317325592,
-0.0604417584836483,
0.1972554475069046,
0.3369140625,
0.3067898154258728,
0.1766221821308136,
-0.2883979082107544,
0.0987837016582489,
0.009623209945857525,
-0.02568206563591957,
-0.1447414755821228,
0.4268001914024353,
-0.1504720002412796,
-0.2611592710018158,
-0.4447157084941864,
0.0555826835334301,
0.2306315153837204,
-0.18927001953125,
0.0983310267329216,
0.2041303813457489,
0.2983313798904419,
0.7420247197151184,
-0.4057345986366272,
0.64990234375,
0.01397026889026165,
0.4913465678691864,
0.1642930805683136,
0.3723958432674408,
0.6428493857383728,
0.2566257119178772,
0.0395473912358284,
0.289794921875,
-0.1278313547372818,
-0.4107530415058136,
-0.3125813901424408,
-0.3323296308517456,
0.1399502158164978,
0.05749766156077385,
0.6361219882965088,
0.1860826313495636,
-0.1022542342543602,
0.2101982980966568,
0.1048482283949852,
0.0422075055539608,
0.3987087607383728,
0.2211964875459671,
0.3045789897441864,
-0.2539876401424408,
0.2915988564491272,
-0.07873111218214035,
0.3370903730392456,
0.4386121928691864,
-0.031691234558820724,
-0.179443359375,
0.5837673544883728,
0.7045356035232544,
0.3156873881816864,
-0.1146308034658432,
-0.3290337324142456,
0.4027777910232544,
0.2531467080116272,
0.0525716133415699,
0.3870171308517456,
0.5476345419883728,
-0.3866645097732544,
-0.3595377504825592,
-0.2749430239200592,
0.2919786274433136,
-0.11526065319776535,
0.2585991621017456,
0.30859375,
-0.30950927734375,
0.0478430837392807,
0.2018975168466568,
-0.2226359099149704,
0.3883192241191864,
0.0503590889275074,
-0.2366129606962204,
0.2863294780254364,
0.5439453125,
0.1173282191157341,
0.15716552734375,
-0.2119005024433136,
-0.3221435546875,
-0.0045267739333212376,
0.08425649255514145,
0.1502414345741272,
0.4664781391620636,
-0.27862548828125,
0.179107666015625,
-0.1518452912569046,
0.0545756034553051,
0.12601640820503235,
0.1192542165517807,
0.38549381494522095,
-0.012369791977107525,
-0.1720106303691864,
-0.4556477963924408,
0.2255588173866272,
0.2150132954120636,
-0.4470486044883728,
0.1677415668964386,
-0.04645877331495285,
-0.1589898020029068,
-0.3274807333946228,
-0.2663845419883728,
0.0542805977165699,
-0.0884840190410614,
0.3418375551700592,
-0.03083292581140995,
0.3572319746017456,
-0.3688761293888092,
-0.4664306640625,
0.4617377519607544,
-0.1472439169883728,
-0.3042127788066864,
0.4086371660232544,
-0.0163845494389534,
-0.3538682758808136,
-0.10494402050971985,
-0.3249104917049408,
-0.3711751401424408,
-0.14815013110637665,
0.042607203125953674,
0.3502604067325592,
-0.1267751008272171,
0.1524149626493454,
0.1531439870595932,
0.0849711075425148,
0.2447052001953125,
-0.0904201939702034,
0.3684760332107544,
-0.3290880024433136,
0.003306918777525425,
0.05817582830786705,
0.3481987714767456,
0.2250332236289978,
-0.0779893696308136,
-0.4175075888633728,
0.4615071713924408,
0.2453274130821228,
0.6380208134651184,
0.2188788503408432,
-0.3452962338924408,
0.1217430979013443,
-0.01821221224963665,
-0.2126803994178772,
-0.09648916125297546,
0.0050108167342841625,
-0.3551432192325592,
-0.0867462158203125,
0.2450086772441864,
0.0543585866689682,
-0.1489834189414978,
0.1624569296836853,
0.5608994960784912,
0.5291340947151184,
0.406005859375,
0.4639756977558136,
-0.4398057758808136,
0.1474134624004364,
-0.0501946359872818,
0.4507378339767456,
-0.0317484550178051,
0.3470052182674408,
0.5961100459098816,
-0.1959499716758728,
0.08636474609375,
0.2428181916475296,
-0.21923828125,
-0.0819769948720932,
-0.03344980999827385,
0.4664442241191864,
-0.4042154848575592,
-0.0373874232172966,
0.2939453125,
-0.1844211220741272,
-0.08307266235351562,
0.2937418520450592,
0.3003200888633728,
-0.1585218608379364,
-0.0120391845703125,
-0.2395087331533432,
0.04407840222120285,
0.0247022844851017,
0.3121337890625,
0.7005208134651184,
-0.020909521728754044,
-0.6462944746017456,
-0.1589694619178772,
-0.0966322124004364,
0.2206624299287796,
-0.0999281108379364,
0.5150553584098816,
-0.2525092363357544,
0.5287814736366272,
-0.4246147871017456,
0.0911373570561409,
0.2580464780330658,
0.2915717363357544,
-0.3760308027267456,
-0.07231342792510986,
0.0672014057636261,
-0.03291914239525795,
0.09708743542432785,
0.0528462715446949,
-0.3004014790058136,
-0.07528728991746902,
0.3204074501991272,
0.482421875,
0.9318034052848816,
0.3423529863357544,
-0.1356675922870636,
-0.012600368820130825,
0.2260674387216568,
0.2236192524433136,
0.2073160856962204,
-0.1839870810508728,
-0.1634521484375,
0.3157416582107544,
-0.5495249629020691,
0.015800900757312775,
-0.5179579257965088,
0.7511393427848816,
0.2791748046875,
0.4800618588924408,
-0.156158447265625,
-0.0567711740732193,
0.0471123605966568,
-0.11801359057426453,
0.2717420756816864,
-0.2864447832107544,
0.5392795205116272,
0.18557994067668915,
-0.097808837890625,
0.13970014452934265,
-0.2808295488357544,
-0.17938232421875,
0.2221611887216568,
0.2626546323299408,
0.004330476280301809,
0.22526921331882477,
0.5428737998008728,
0.3946668803691864,
-0.0710398331284523,
0.4447970986366272,
0.0697835311293602,
-0.3939751386642456,
0.07326168566942215,
-0.22625732421875,
0.3730197548866272,
0.2384779155254364,
0.2466498464345932,
0.0916849747300148,
-0.03329722210764885,
0.23101806640625,
0.2837999165058136,
0.7669813632965088,
0.401123046875,
0.2763671875,
0.5300021767616272,
0.1479220986366272,
-0.0840386301279068,
0.1434224396944046,
0.0953369140625,
0.2210625559091568,
0.011546664871275425,
0.0142669677734375,
0.3740505576133728,
-0.6249728798866272,
-0.233154296875,
-0.0687815323472023,
0.6110568642616272,
0.3831651508808136,
0.3900824785232544,
0.3292100727558136,
0.560791015625,
0.2572428286075592,
-0.1894395649433136,
-0.2342546284198761,
-0.022360483184456825,
-0.0166490338742733,
-0.1469082236289978,
-0.11669116467237473,
0.0175459124147892,
0.3316311240196228,
0.03955078125,
-0.2898288369178772,
-0.1090104877948761,
-0.13306385278701782,
0.019424863159656525,
0.0569220632314682,
0.2227579802274704,
0.4704861044883728,
-0.14817216992378235,
-0.0210545863956213,
0.5628798007965088,
0.0476447194814682,
0.4388292133808136,
4.173828125,
0.1217108815908432,
0.013324101455509663,
0.06521818041801453,
-0.01338789239525795,
0.09731122851371765,
0.58984375,
-0.039449479430913925,
0.1919962614774704,
-0.2646891176700592,
0.2709689736366272,
0.3995225727558136,
0.1047871932387352,
0.4086710512638092,
-0.0053159925155341625,
0.1357625275850296,
0.2950032651424408,
0.2865125834941864,
-0.1329718679189682,
0.15069580078125,
-0.06768798828125,
0.1699930876493454,
0.4436577558517456,
0.2746242880821228,
0.5019938349723816,
0.0831773579120636,
0.7713758945465088,
-0.008921305648982525,
0.1830240935087204,
0.17266845703125,
0.8369683027267456,
0.0905592143535614,
0.3662651777267456,
0.0038178761024028063,
-0.9578993320465088,
0.0731879323720932,
0.0943518728017807,
0.2914903461933136,
0.2360907644033432,
-0.1990288645029068,
-0.4660102128982544,
0.1250627338886261,
0.2944471538066864,
0.4737684428691864,
0.1913926899433136,
-0.3490125834941864,
-0.0783657506108284,
0.5463053584098816,
0.1282399445772171,
-0.1100056990981102,
0.452392578125,
-0.4507921040058136,
0.10662841796875,
-0.22443771362304688,
0.0478447824716568,
0.4251030683517456,
-0.03690560534596443,
0.2808261513710022,
0.3208686113357544,
0.2958102822303772,
-0.17346827685832977,
-0.0640987828373909,
0.23001787066459656,
-0.2649739682674408,
0.0714263916015625,
-0.13764254748821259,
0.1922743022441864,
0.5503743290901184,
0.2887505292892456,
0.2425333708524704,
0.2545572817325592,
0.4330240786075592,
0.1466267853975296,
-0.048459742218256,
0.07289738208055496,
-0.3516710102558136,
-0.2449137419462204,
-0.1659613698720932,
-0.1870320588350296,
0.007648044265806675,
0.016693115234375,
-0.2875434160232544,
-0.0895826518535614,
0.2772420346736908,
0.2246500700712204,
0.4015028178691864,
0.3436279296875,
-0.3270823061466217,
0.4749349057674408,
-0.0699225515127182,
0.3233100175857544,
-0.2095676064491272,
0.1331295371055603,
0.1130438894033432,
-0.0588802769780159,
0.040880415588617325,
0.1970689594745636,
-3.9724392890930176,
0.1748250275850296,
0.0014326306991279125,
-0.10920926928520203,
0.1792331337928772,
-0.3058946430683136,
-0.1067403182387352,
-0.05643738806247711,
-0.6481662392616272,
0.1437852680683136,
-0.0797966867685318,
0.1396382600069046,
-0.443115234375,
0.4112006425857544,
0.3315972089767456,
-0.0588921457529068,
0.2923448383808136,
0.3833821713924408,
0.2127956748008728,
-0.2654622495174408,
-0.0520256906747818,
-0.0020476446952670813,
0.4468858540058136,
-0.1567637175321579,
-0.1582861989736557,
-0.1144426167011261,
0.2479383647441864,
-0.0942111536860466,
0.7357856035232544,
0.03753662109375,
0.2082180380821228,
0.1572842001914978,
0.65234375,
-0.08655887097120285,
0.1789754182100296,
0.3578830361366272,
0.332672119140625,
0.1837904155254364,
0.08678457140922546,
0.3758816123008728,
-0.3752170205116272,
-0.012674967758357525,
0.1571926474571228,
0.059644486755132675,
0.08725563436746597,
-0.3456488847732544,
-0.5472548007965088,
0.15126122534275055,
-0.06952153146266937,
0.1613125205039978,
0.2589518129825592,
0.3141140341758728,
-0.1224839985370636,
0.1628587543964386,
0.626708984375,
-0.10680219531059265,
-0.1343943327665329,
-0.3650309145450592,
0.4904242753982544,
0.2793647050857544,
-0.2327880859375,
-0.20513916015625,
0.2676730751991272,
-0.028337690979242325,
0.1379733681678772,
0.0306820347905159,
0.1133660227060318,
0.4170464277267456,
0.21563720703125,
-0.5777994990348816,
0.2946743369102478,
0.2262776643037796,
-0.02431403286755085,
-0.4473503828048706,
0.07331805676221848,
0.6629231572151184,
-0.12450747936964035,
-0.4451768696308136,
0.4592013955116272,
0.50634765625,
-0.2813856303691864,
0.07039260864257812,
-0.3594021201133728,
0.3038601279258728,
2.1032986640930176,
0.4677191972732544,
2.177300453186035,
0.1565416157245636,
-0.006176418624818325,
0.4872504472732544,
-0.0779791921377182,
0.029930539429187775,
-0.00034289888571947813,
0.007066196762025356,
-0.1677313894033432,
0.2078314870595932,
0.1082933247089386,
0.3907470703125,
0.2350667268037796,
0.0264706090092659,
0.1507364958524704,
-0.7063530683517456,
0.4853244423866272,
0.08802032470703125,
0.4540473222732544,
0.10988108068704605,
-0.1314646452665329,
0.6555446982383728,
0.148040771484375,
-0.3286811113357544,
0.3582899272441864,
0.02610270120203495,
0.2836846113204956,
0.0034349230118095875,
-0.00571356900036335,
0.2624410092830658,
0.1997884064912796,
-0.07581329345703125,
0.2851833701133728,
0.1681721955537796,
0.06301116943359375,
4.638888835906982,
0.297454833984375,
-0.7095811367034912,
0.2144775390625,
0.1863810271024704,
0.2026502788066864,
0.2749701738357544,
-0.1057230606675148,
-0.0802747905254364,
0.4787868857383728,
0.7701280117034912,
0.4463161826133728,
-0.2632039487361908,
-0.2394137978553772,
-0.0366278737783432,
0.5686848759651184,
0.000946044921875,
0.0632120743393898,
0.1480967253446579,
-0.0147688128054142,
0.1445583701133728,
0.2004258930683136,
-0.06146240234375,
-0.2586483359336853,
0.0311279296875,
-0.0760871022939682,
0.2456190288066864,
-0.1803385466337204,
-0.06701575219631195,
-0.3897433876991272,
-0.0491061732172966,
5.483941078186035,
-0.2651163637638092,
0.1393500417470932,
-0.3779025673866272,
0.2431233674287796,
0.13649600744247437,
-0.3168131411075592,
0.1931525319814682,
0.06066640093922615,
-0.0783233642578125,
0.0182478167116642,
-0.03924560546875,
-0.1848008930683136,
0.196044921875,
0.0878855362534523,
0.13690185546875,
-0.4097222089767456,
0.10123443603515625,
0.16558244824409485,
0.010235256515443325,
0.3661159873008728,
-0.1935357004404068,
0.2891845703125,
-0.2686835527420044,
-0.4903428852558136,
-0.0045522055588662624,
0.01689688302576542,
0.05145263671875,
-0.4697265625,
-0.2712537944316864,
0.3667263388633728,
0.1251085102558136,
-0.1575181782245636,
0.3339436948299408,
-0.2308146208524704,
-0.07109154760837555,
-0.056753795593976974,
0.02801513671875,
0.4434950053691864,
-0.16029442846775055,
0.1500345915555954,
0.2791883647441864,
-0.5771755576133728,
-0.2597622275352478,
0.3408881425857544,
0.2029452919960022,
0.024128224700689316,
-0.2077094167470932,
-0.2745496928691864,
-0.039886474609375,
0.658447265625,
0.1227467879652977,
0.8406575322151184,
0.2606947124004364,
0.1785854697227478,
0.140869140625,
-0.0722011998295784,
0.02136908657848835,
-0.032835643738508224,
-0.10529942065477371,
0.7014973759651184,
0.0208290945738554,
0.0030716790352016687,
0.1565144807100296,
0.3253852128982544,
0.2664794921875,
0.3964979350566864,
-0.0345492884516716,
0.3420274555683136,
-0.5258517861366272,
0.1025933176279068,
0.1272464394569397,
0.1433376669883728,
0.4455159604549408,
0.1812574565410614,
-0.14758597314357758,
0.1822916716337204,
-0.486572265625,
-0.2603895366191864,
-0.036495208740234375,
-0.1991237998008728,
-0.4479166567325592,
-0.1757337749004364,
-0.1600240021944046,
-0.00803290493786335,
0.1051907017827034,
0.2257453054189682,
0.2904188334941864,
0.3136393129825592,
0.3103569746017456,
0.4455837607383728,
0.1345350444316864,
-0.1840074360370636,
0.5922309160232544,
-0.0318213552236557,
0.2668321430683136,
0.2568359375,
0.3287590742111206,
-0.270263671875,
0.10471682995557785,
-0.1178724467754364,
-0.02390458807349205,
-0.064453125,
-0.2016262412071228,
0.1589898020029068,
-0.1002468541264534,
0.3045806884765625,
0.1839599609375,
0.3977593183517456,
0.0911610946059227,
0.3949924111366272,
0.5252278447151184,
0.4096950888633728,
0.04288313165307045,
-0.1326972097158432
] |
2096
|
Who discovered special relativity?
|
[
{
"docid": "4022767#35",
"text": "In several papers, Elie Zahar (1983, 2000) argued that both Einstein (in his June paper) and Poincaré (in his July paper) independently discovered special relativity. He said that \"\"though Whittaker was unjust towards Einstein, his positive account of Poincaré's actual achievement contains much more than a simple grain of truth\"\". According to him, it was Poincaré's unsystematic and sometimes erroneous statements regarding his philosophical papers (often connected with conventionalism), which hindered many to give him due credit. In his opinion, Poincaré was rather a \"structural realist\" and from that he concludes, that Poincaré actually adhered to the relativity of time and space, while his allusions to the aether are of secondary importance. He continues, that due to his treatment of gravitation and four-dimensional space, Poincaré's 1905/6-paper was superior to Einstein's 1905-paper. Yet Zahar gives also credit to Einstein, who introduced Mass–Energy equivalence, and also transcended special relativity by taking a path leading to the development of general relativity.",
"title": "Relativity priority dispute"
},
{
"docid": "11867#78",
"text": "Notable German physicists before the 20th century include Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Albert Einstein introduced the special relativity and general relativity theories for light and gravity in 1905 and 1915 respectively. Along with Max Planck, he was instrumental in the introduction of quantum mechanics, in which Werner Heisenberg and Max Born later made major contributions. Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays. Otto Hahn was a pioneer in the fields of radiochemistry and discovered nuclear fission, while Ferdinand Cohn and Robert Koch were founders of microbiology. Numerous mathematicians were born in Germany, including Carl Friedrich Gauss, David Hilbert, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Karl Weierstrass, Hermann Weyl, Felix Klein and Emmy Noether.",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"docid": "198507#26",
"text": "In 1905, Albert Einstein published the principle of special relativity, which soon became a theory. Special relativity predicted the alignment of the Newtonian principle of Galilean invariance, also termed \"Galilean relativity\", with the electromagnetic field. By omitting from special relativity the luminiferous aether, Einstein stated that time dilation and length contraction measured in an object in relative motion is inertial—that is, the object exhibits constant velocity, which is speed with direction, when measured by its observer. He thereby duplicated the Lorentz transformation and the Lorentz contraction that had been hypothesized to resolve experimental riddles and inserted into electrodynamic theory as dynamical consequences of the aether's properties. An elegant theory, special relativity yielded its own consequences, such as the equivalence of mass and energy transforming into one another and the resolution of the paradox that an excitation of the electromagnetic field could be viewed in one reference frame as electricity, but in another as magnetism.",
"title": "Scientific theory"
},
{
"docid": "30694430#40",
"text": "Some contemporary historians of science have revived the question as to whether Einstein was possibly influenced by the ideas of Poincaré, who first stated the relativity principle and applied it to electrodynamics, developing interpretations and modifications of Lorentz's electron theory that appear to have anticipated what is now called special relativity. Another discussion concerns a possible mutual influence between Einstein and David Hilbert as regards completing the field equations of general relativity (see Relativity priority dispute).",
"title": "Criticism of the theory of relativity"
},
{
"docid": "20069953#11",
"text": "Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) is a mathematical setting in which special relativity is conveniently formulated. Minkowski space is named for the German mathematician Hermann Minkowski, who around 1907 realized that the theory of special relativity (previously developed by Poincaré and Einstein) could be elegantly described using a four-dimensional spacetime, which combines the dimension of time with the three dimensions of space.",
"title": "Special relativity (alternative formulations)"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "30694430#7",
"text": "It was also claimed that special relativity cannot handle acceleration, which would lead to contradictions in some situations. However, this assessment is not correct, since acceleration actually can be described in the framework of special relativity (see Acceleration (special relativity), Proper reference frame (flat spacetime), Hyperbolic motion, Rindler coordinates, Born coordinates). Paradoxes relying on insufficient understanding of these facts were discovered in the early years of relativity. For example, Max Born (1909) tried to combine the concept of rigid bodies with special relativity. That this model was insufficient was shown by Paul Ehrenfest (1909), who demonstrated that a rotating rigid body would, according to Born's definition, undergo a contraction of the circumference without contraction of the radius, which is impossible (Ehrenfest paradox). Max von Laue (1911) showed that rigid bodies cannot exist in special relativity, since the propagation of signals cannot exceed the speed of light, so an accelerating and rotating body will undergo deformations.",
"title": "Criticism of the theory of relativity"
},
{
"docid": "18918910#2",
"text": "Ignatowski wrote some papers on special relativity. In 1910 he was to first who tried to derive the Lorentz transformation by group theory only using the relativity principle, and without the postulate of the constancy of the speed of light (1910b, 1911b, 1911c, 1911h). Although he derived the correct transformation, the invariant limiting speed remained undefined. Ignatowski had to resort to length contraction of moving electrostatic fields in order to identify this limiting velocity with the velocity of light in vacuum. While some said that this approach was insufficient and the second postulate is still needed, others continued the attempts to derive special relativity without the light postulate (see Postulates of special relativity). Ignatowski also investigated the status of rigid bodies within special relativity (1910a, 1911a). He concluded that velocities greater than the speed of light are possible, even though he showed that those are not signal velocities and therefore are not in conflict with relativity (1910b, 1911g). He also formulated a relativistic theory of hydrodynamics (1911f).",
"title": "Vladimir Ignatowski"
},
{
"docid": "1790788#51",
"text": "Planck, in 1909, compared the implications of the modern relativity principle — he particularly referred to the relativity of time – with the revolution by the Copernican system. An important factor in the adoption of special relativity by physicists was its development by Minkowski into a spacetime theory. Consequently, by about 1911, most theoretical physicists accepted special relativity. In 1912 Wilhelm Wien recommended both Lorentz (for the mathematical framework) and Einstein (for reducing it to a simple principle) for the Nobel Prize in Physics – although it was decided by the Nobel committee not to award the prize for special relativity. Only a minority of theoretical physicists such as Abraham, Lorentz, Poincaré, or Langevin still believed in the existence of an aether. Einstein later (1918–1920) qualified his position by arguing that one can speak about a relativistic aether, but the \"idea of motion\" cannot be applied to it. Lorentz and Poincaré had always argued that motion through the aether was undetectable. Einstein used the expression \"special theory of relativity\" in 1915, to distinguish it from general relativity.",
"title": "History of special relativity"
},
{
"docid": "20468824#2",
"text": "First proposed by Luigi Fantappiè in 1954, the theory remained obscure until it was rediscovered in 1968 by Henri Bacry and Jean-Marc Lévy-Leblond. In 1972, Freeman Dyson popularized it as a hypothetical road by which mathematicians could have guessed part of the structure of general relativity before it was discovered. The discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe has led to a revival of interest in de Sitter invariant theories, in conjunction with other speculative proposals for new physics, like doubly special relativity.",
"title": "De Sitter invariant special relativity"
},
{
"docid": "179947#1",
"text": "First attempts to modify special relativity by introducing an observer-independent length were made by Pavlopoulos (1967), who estimated this length at about .\nIn the context of quantum gravity, Giovanni Amelino-Camelia (2000) introduced what now is called doubly special relativity, by proposing a specific realization of preserving invariance of the Planck length .\nThis was reformulated by Kowalski-Glikman (2001) in terms of an observer-independent Planck mass.\nA different model, inspired by that of Amelino-Camelia, was proposed in 2001 by João Magueijo and Lee Smolin, who also focused on the invariance of Planck energy.",
"title": "Doubly special relativity"
}
] |
[
0.3020782470703125,
0.2679290771484375,
-0.220977783203125,
0.211090087890625,
0.34482574462890625,
-0.014772415161132812,
0.4471435546875,
-0.321990966796875,
0.227874755859375,
0.329437255859375,
-0.1421337127685547,
-0.324981689453125,
-0.4732666015625,
0.182891845703125,
-0.409515380859375,
-0.06027412414550781,
0.6884765625,
-0.21360015869140625,
-0.00934600830078125,
0.17340469360351562,
-0.06662225723266602,
0.293731689453125,
-0.17777252197265625,
0.3115386962890625,
0.270355224609375,
0.1543426513671875,
-0.418060302734375,
0.1746368408203125,
-0.34906005859375,
0.5491943359375,
0.36810302734375,
-0.100311279296875,
0.1974639892578125,
0.431365966796875,
-0.3469085693359375,
0.2752532958984375,
0.3994140625,
0.2604236602783203,
-0.11787796020507812,
0.359588623046875,
-0.17006874084472656,
-0.0282212495803833,
0.0593719482421875,
-0.067169189453125,
0.264007568359375,
0.23883056640625,
0.2644195556640625,
-0.21750640869140625,
0.07909959554672241,
0.12171173095703125,
-0.366973876953125,
0.21214675903320312,
-0.2900390625,
-0.07134819030761719,
-0.1838397979736328,
0.3437957763671875,
0.19750595092773438,
0.628997802734375,
-0.22342681884765625,
0.11188992857933044,
0.24072265625,
0.12734413146972656,
0.1233673095703125,
-0.07880401611328125,
0.11092567443847656,
0.10281753540039062,
-0.095428466796875,
0.10015344619750977,
0.10323333740234375,
0.301025390625,
0.11777496337890625,
0.365753173828125,
0.3244781494140625,
0.09479904174804688,
0.14173507690429688,
-0.14200782775878906,
-0.07554817199707031,
0.188812255859375,
0.277862548828125,
-0.2215423583984375,
0.18946075439453125,
-0.07590413093566895,
-0.0673213005065918,
0.432830810546875,
0.05975914001464844,
0.37548828125,
-0.1252288818359375,
0.18674087524414062,
-0.14879608154296875,
0.4510498046875,
-0.2234954833984375,
0.07999992370605469,
0.08402442932128906,
0.03415250778198242,
0.0497584342956543,
0.24494171142578125,
0.15826416015625,
-0.212615966796875,
0.0384063720703125,
-0.1646575927734375,
0.01504659652709961,
-0.2668609619140625,
-0.45684814453125,
0.401458740234375,
0.17439651489257812,
-0.3254241943359375,
-0.271881103515625,
-0.017345428466796875,
0.306884765625,
0.292877197265625,
0.20820236206054688,
-0.2582855224609375,
0.19939041137695312,
-0.03717231750488281,
0.05140113830566406,
0.0814623236656189,
0.27838897705078125,
-0.023794174194335938,
-0.16406184434890747,
-0.69305419921875,
0.2583160400390625,
0.1075592041015625,
-0.33306884765625,
0.0736846923828125,
-0.126708984375,
0.049913883209228516,
0.6044921875,
-0.2431793212890625,
0.59527587890625,
0.37481689453125,
-0.08756828308105469,
-0.09938240051269531,
0.3681793212890625,
0.48272705078125,
0.2033233642578125,
0.4723663330078125,
0.07998466491699219,
-0.062493324279785156,
-0.09833526611328125,
-0.4422149658203125,
-0.1635589599609375,
0.303741455078125,
-0.07259368896484375,
0.5946044921875,
-0.380584716796875,
0.2616119384765625,
-0.09196281433105469,
0.184783935546875,
0.07329273223876953,
0.379730224609375,
0.314056396484375,
0.482452392578125,
-0.1104888916015625,
0.4534912109375,
-0.2035675048828125,
0.16300201416015625,
0.252288818359375,
0.2933349609375,
-0.13555908203125,
-0.032479286193847656,
0.7686767578125,
0.3874359130859375,
0.12246131896972656,
0.09889984130859375,
0.06700325012207031,
0.10233348608016968,
-0.17346954345703125,
0.30517578125,
0.57659912109375,
-0.30517578125,
-0.276641845703125,
0.10770606994628906,
0.052639007568359375,
0.02295398712158203,
0.02612018585205078,
0.2234649658203125,
-0.25928497314453125,
0.3078460693359375,
0.08345222473144531,
0.09320068359375,
0.0659637451171875,
0.10104179382324219,
0.457855224609375,
0.18590927124023438,
0.565582275390625,
0.27191162109375,
0.06489753723144531,
-0.3101654052734375,
-0.2247772216796875,
0.20685195922851562,
0.14604759216308594,
-0.16925811767578125,
0.476287841796875,
-0.06389284133911133,
0.10633087158203125,
-0.11495691537857056,
-0.14095306396484375,
0.3094940185546875,
-0.14406967163085938,
0.495208740234375,
-0.1883378028869629,
-0.082366943359375,
-0.360107421875,
0.2549591064453125,
0.1456756591796875,
-0.24460601806640625,
-0.06028556823730469,
0.3191242218017578,
-0.240203857421875,
0.15056228637695312,
-0.09501266479492188,
0.01672506332397461,
0.4026336669921875,
0.189910888671875,
0.08269882202148438,
0.4246826171875,
0.13962936401367188,
0.302520751953125,
0.41876220703125,
0.10068511962890625,
-0.08034563064575195,
0.496337890625,
-0.027252197265625,
-0.09973526000976562,
-0.25531005859375,
-0.13812541961669922,
-0.09409332275390625,
-0.57647705078125,
0.18100357055664062,
0.2400970458984375,
0.329010009765625,
0.23338699340820312,
0.029941558837890625,
-0.41472625732421875,
0.17009735107421875,
0.17168426513671875,
0.616241455078125,
-0.07991981506347656,
0.07776069641113281,
0.158966064453125,
0.3558502197265625,
0.2826385498046875,
-0.08266067504882812,
-0.10565948486328125,
0.396759033203125,
-0.03415107727050781,
0.7373046875,
0.64569091796875,
-0.2629547119140625,
-0.2075958251953125,
0.08269309997558594,
0.18373870849609375,
-0.21421432495117188,
0.3964996337890625,
-0.26824188232421875,
0.09655570983886719,
0.14954376220703125,
-0.0210418701171875,
-0.05010700225830078,
-0.10640716552734375,
0.150146484375,
0.25655364990234375,
0.3450927734375,
0.1490020751953125,
-0.408416748046875,
-0.04330253601074219,
0.3805999755859375,
0.548980712890625,
0.21826553344726562,
0.401580810546875,
0.4285430908203125,
-0.114013671875,
0.025308609008789062,
0.07633781433105469,
-0.3638916015625,
0.013580322265625,
0.2484588623046875,
0.037354469299316406,
-0.44464111328125,
0.2001800537109375,
0.43017578125,
0.447265625,
-0.17847442626953125,
0.04726409912109375,
0.451019287109375,
0.04405498504638672,
-0.2383270263671875,
-0.1752185821533203,
-0.11576461791992188,
-0.315185546875,
-0.01132965087890625,
0.331695556640625,
-0.19340133666992188,
-0.4463348388671875,
0.192626953125,
0.08012819290161133,
-0.15349578857421875,
-0.10576820373535156,
0.40277099609375,
0.044200897216796875,
0.2975120544433594,
-0.41802978515625,
-0.01996612548828125,
0.498992919921875,
0.10581588745117188,
-0.10763168334960938,
0.13152456283569336,
0.389190673828125,
0.06610870361328125,
0.489013671875,
0.3880157470703125,
-0.22088623046875,
-0.015231132507324219,
0.346405029296875,
0.572662353515625,
0.054779052734375,
-0.0005950927734375,
0.06221199035644531,
0.40423583984375,
0.0994863510131836,
-0.04510688781738281,
-0.1627197265625,
-0.36663818359375,
0.04616069793701172,
0.10707855224609375,
-0.799652099609375,
-0.012725830078125,
-0.2349853515625,
0.31122589111328125,
0.20203590393066406,
0.28709709644317627,
0.21378326416015625,
-0.08200836181640625,
-0.2628364562988281,
-0.2050323486328125,
0.04491615295410156,
0.05460548400878906,
0.3351287841796875,
0.00942230224609375,
0.018609046936035156,
-0.14578819274902344,
-0.08596229553222656,
-0.08256053924560547,
0.36724853515625,
-0.3833770751953125,
0.2313079833984375,
0.15525054931640625,
0.03525543212890625,
0.12129974365234375,
0.1418437957763672,
0.26503753662109375,
-0.19649457931518555,
0.06304931640625,
0.169403076171875,
-0.16360855102539062,
0.03141021728515625,
0.5463714599609375,
0.25750732421875,
0.35540771484375,
-0.2733612060546875,
0.15718841552734375,
0.256439208984375,
0.551849365234375,
-0.18390655517578125,
0.416046142578125,
0.268157958984375,
0.010272979736328125,
-0.15232086181640625,
0.357177734375,
0.3152923583984375,
-0.052043914794921875,
-0.24765777587890625,
-0.14554405212402344,
0.0973052978515625,
-0.4224853515625,
-0.07084035873413086,
0.2826080322265625,
0.5079345703125,
0.441986083984375,
0.3092803955078125,
0.440887451171875,
0.62506103515625,
0.568267822265625,
0.13744354248046875,
-0.21332550048828125,
-0.10497665405273438,
-0.08405303955078125,
-0.387664794921875,
0.18413543701171875,
-0.13351869583129883,
0.27548980712890625,
-0.09965801239013672,
-0.00678253173828125,
0.11808013916015625,
-0.3675537109375,
-0.09912872314453125,
0.029933571815490723,
0.2764778137207031,
0.13992691040039062,
-0.10575103759765625,
0.059136152267456055,
0.13756561279296875,
0.3040924072265625,
0.2618865966796875,
4.25146484375,
-0.011916160583496094,
0.17435836791992188,
-0.459869384765625,
-0.11953544616699219,
0.2948150634765625,
0.33984375,
-0.349639892578125,
0.09092903137207031,
0.07602065801620483,
-0.2872161865234375,
0.11108970642089844,
-0.12445831298828125,
0.24391937255859375,
-0.10079669952392578,
0.02981090545654297,
0.031325578689575195,
0.06116628646850586,
-0.49566650390625,
0.257171630859375,
-0.53338623046875,
0.70050048828125,
0.2999420166015625,
-0.45672607421875,
0.327939510345459,
0.12480545043945312,
0.5859375,
0.24620819091796875,
0.2535858154296875,
0.2998199462890625,
0.2178955078125,
-0.14192962646484375,
-0.06332206726074219,
0.15482687950134277,
-0.8092041015625,
-0.1179572343826294,
0.3837890625,
0.09383296966552734,
-0.09417331218719482,
0.00424957275390625,
-0.0466766357421875,
0.17870712280273438,
0.16255950927734375,
0.47283935546875,
0.14191818237304688,
-0.03582763671875,
-0.2208709716796875,
0.461181640625,
0.18567657470703125,
-0.07562255859375,
-0.149749755859375,
-0.17963218688964844,
0.031185388565063477,
0.20463180541992188,
0.3360443115234375,
0.485748291015625,
0.07350969314575195,
0.45501708984375,
0.23459625244140625,
-0.1409454345703125,
-0.3305187225341797,
0.12392044067382812,
-0.06434059143066406,
-0.023334264755249023,
-0.2355194091796875,
-0.10159683227539062,
0.372650146484375,
0.00200653076171875,
0.08829069137573242,
0.2783050537109375,
0.08477783203125,
0.3442230224609375,
0.505157470703125,
-0.151153564453125,
0.12211227416992188,
-0.1603546142578125,
-0.517303466796875,
0.050144195556640625,
0.0933380126953125,
0.136077880859375,
0.056491851806640625,
-0.018708109855651855,
-0.06064271926879883,
0.07505035400390625,
-0.1704120635986328,
0.49188232421875,
0.19057464599609375,
-0.16807270050048828,
0.288360595703125,
0.0432438850402832,
0.283905029296875,
0.20463180541992188,
0.3463134765625,
-0.21914291381835938,
0.10732269287109375,
0.3217315673828125,
0.1465139389038086,
-4.02880859375,
0.4154205322265625,
0.21267318725585938,
0.002788543701171875,
0.08579635620117188,
-0.117462158203125,
-0.09856224060058594,
0.29633331298828125,
-0.2891998291015625,
0.4083099365234375,
-0.2452470064163208,
0.241912841796875,
-0.09099960327148438,
0.43897247314453125,
0.1082916259765625,
0.28842926025390625,
0.37335205078125,
-0.048213958740234375,
0.42999267578125,
-0.08857792615890503,
-0.024923324584960938,
-0.06431961059570312,
0.425567626953125,
-0.12477755546569824,
0.4337158203125,
-0.0366058349609375,
0.491424560546875,
-0.08600950241088867,
-0.27059173583984375,
-0.09223675727844238,
0.05075836181640625,
0.1243896484375,
0.64007568359375,
-0.14076995849609375,
0.422698974609375,
0.019460678100585938,
0.32221221923828125,
0.3896484375,
0.412109375,
0.6832275390625,
-0.06653213500976562,
-0.17705535888671875,
0.3363800048828125,
0.1532745361328125,
0.045742034912109375,
0.0598607063293457,
-0.486724853515625,
0.1990814208984375,
-0.11995315551757812,
0.1924591064453125,
0.511810302734375,
0.35882568359375,
-0.07101821899414062,
0.1946868896484375,
0.21173858642578125,
-0.09766006469726562,
0.22890853881835938,
0.2629241943359375,
0.06121826171875,
0.13093185424804688,
0.0962982177734375,
0.0934295654296875,
0.1400299072265625,
0.06855583190917969,
0.4613037109375,
-0.033480167388916016,
0.493316650390625,
0.643768310546875,
0.17287063598632812,
-0.22566986083984375,
0.28092193603515625,
0.2100677490234375,
0.35146331787109375,
-0.45794677734375,
0.20954513549804688,
0.37158203125,
0.14728641510009766,
-0.24364471435546875,
0.55950927734375,
0.2816314697265625,
-0.16471099853515625,
-0.2357463836669922,
-0.509002685546875,
0.2618904113769531,
2.3990478515625,
0.538787841796875,
2.26318359375,
0.320770263671875,
-0.00191497802734375,
0.2497100830078125,
-0.2413330078125,
0.268218994140625,
0.13185501098632812,
-0.46954345703125,
-0.04392099380493164,
0.11011505126953125,
-0.2229461669921875,
-0.2308197021484375,
0.06881141662597656,
-0.404296875,
0.441131591796875,
-0.920684814453125,
0.19472122192382812,
-0.457611083984375,
0.307281494140625,
0.054378509521484375,
-0.14328765869140625,
0.17755126953125,
0.030304908752441406,
0.08026123046875,
-0.288177490234375,
-0.25421905517578125,
-0.050925612449645996,
-0.006438255310058594,
-0.10334396362304688,
0.18491363525390625,
0.030699729919433594,
0.006335258483886719,
0.17761993408203125,
0.3433837890625,
0.2654266357421875,
4.66796875,
0.00807952880859375,
-0.2936553955078125,
0.32647705078125,
-0.12975215911865234,
-0.013175010681152344,
0.426605224609375,
0.13860321044921875,
-0.20653533935546875,
0.03940391540527344,
0.007427215576171875,
0.15320587158203125,
-0.20496368408203125,
0.07526588439941406,
0.14440345764160156,
0.03525352478027344,
0.16810226440429688,
-0.0227203369140625,
0.135040283203125,
0.268768310546875,
0.1966400146484375,
0.012324094772338867,
0.35405731201171875,
-0.166717529296875,
0.17347073554992676,
0.16375732421875,
-0.20251846313476562,
-0.563934326171875,
-0.06378841400146484,
0.207733154296875,
0.0846710205078125,
5.4736328125,
-0.1833658218383789,
0.07677459716796875,
-0.379608154296875,
-0.07384872436523438,
0.17513656616210938,
-0.09631919860839844,
-0.38470458984375,
-0.16724777221679688,
-0.043865203857421875,
0.0768136978149414,
-0.10040760040283203,
-0.07095718383789062,
0.401214599609375,
0.2641143798828125,
0.3719940185546875,
0.05059671401977539,
-0.07830810546875,
0.01792287826538086,
-0.09019112586975098,
0.3055877685546875,
0.20667648315429688,
0.1600666046142578,
-0.38103485107421875,
-0.13510513305664062,
0.09561000764369965,
-0.06751632690429688,
0.3930511474609375,
-0.004815101623535156,
-0.017032623291015625,
0.4134521484375,
0.351318359375,
-0.16948699951171875,
0.2706146240234375,
-0.05780601501464844,
0.14812469482421875,
0.4322509765625,
0.014966964721679688,
0.0021516084671020508,
0.040062904357910156,
0.2371063232421875,
0.19022750854492188,
-0.000743865966796875,
-0.15686321258544922,
-0.3184833526611328,
0.05456113815307617,
-0.15895843505859375,
0.040599822998046875,
0.09818649291992188,
-0.042763471603393555,
0.2721710205078125,
0.2728118896484375,
0.9613037109375,
0.4306182861328125,
0.29331207275390625,
0.4461669921875,
-0.163665771484375,
-0.010441780090332031,
0.3388214111328125,
0.04431343078613281,
0.3232154846191406,
0.09848833084106445,
0.1262359619140625,
0.446746826171875,
0.497161865234375,
0.22010040283203125,
-0.037522315979003906,
-0.191925048828125,
0.64532470703125,
-0.10754776000976562,
-0.13076019287109375,
-0.05427742004394531,
-0.03519248962402344,
0.114654541015625,
-0.01953887939453125,
-0.09827041625976562,
-0.0020956993103027344,
-0.3371124267578125,
0.181182861328125,
-0.0796281099319458,
-0.44976806640625,
-0.281585693359375,
-0.483551025390625,
0.3349151611328125,
0.1367034912109375,
0.13169097900390625,
-0.2975921630859375,
0.04482221603393555,
-0.12597274780273438,
-0.005129098892211914,
0.1214761734008789,
-0.18988037109375,
-0.08753228187561035,
0.579681396484375,
0.08551788330078125,
0.1571502685546875,
0.6788330078125,
0.556884765625,
-0.07535552978515625,
0.3226470947265625,
-0.37615966796875,
0.2584075927734375,
-0.2360382080078125,
0.2899627685546875,
0.20980072021484375,
0.0021495819091796875,
0.445556640625,
-0.021280765533447266,
-0.209716796875,
0.013731002807617188,
0.3663330078125,
0.10605525970458984,
-0.2575340270996094,
-0.1963348388671875,
-0.000019550323486328125
] |
2097
|
What is a metabolite
|
[
{
"docid": "477493#0",
"text": "A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism. The term \"metabolite\" is usually restricted to small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and pheromones). A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal \"growth\", development, and reproduction. Ethylene is an example of a primary metabolite produced in large-scale by industrial microbiology. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments such as resins and terpenes etc. Some antibiotics use primary metabolites as precursors, such as actinomycin which is created from the primary metabolite, tryptophan. Some sugars are metabolites, such as fructose or glucose, which are both present in the metabolic pathways.",
"title": "Metabolite"
},
{
"docid": "1029211#10",
"text": "Metabolites are the intermediates and products of metabolism. Within the context of metabolomics, a metabolite is usually defined as any molecule less than 1 kDa in size. However, there are exceptions to this depending on the sample and detection method. For example, macromolecules such as lipoproteins and albumin are reliably detected in NMR-based metabolomics studies of blood plasma. In plant-based metabolomics, it is common to refer to \"primary\" and \"secondary\" metabolites. A primary metabolite is directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments. By contrast, in human-based metabolomics, it is more common to describe metabolites as being either endogenous (produced by the host organism) or exogenous. Metabolites of foreign substances such as drugs are termed xenometabolites.",
"title": "Metabolomics"
},
{
"docid": "1075211#2",
"text": "To qualify as a metabolite, or to be considered to be part of the metabolome, a small molecule must typically have a molecular weight <1500 Da. This means that molecules such as glycolipids, polysaccharides, short peptides (<14 amino acids) and small oligonucleotides (<5 bases) can be regarded as metabolites or constituents of the metabolome. On the other hand, very large macromolecules such as proteins, messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, microRNA and DNA are definitely not metabolites and are not considered to be part of the metabolome. The study of the metabolome is called metabolomics.",
"title": "Metabolome"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "226309#0",
"text": "Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by bacteria, fungi, or plants which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in long-term impairment of the organism's survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no significant change at all. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavorings, pigments, and recreational drugs.",
"title": "Secondary metabolite"
},
{
"docid": "1029211#8",
"text": "Metabolome refers to the complete set of small-molecule metabolites (such as metabolic intermediates, hormones and other signaling molecules, and secondary metabolites) to be found within a biological sample, such as a single organism. The word was coined in analogy with transcriptomics and proteomics; like the transcriptome and the proteome, the metabolome is dynamic, changing from second to second. Although the metabolome can be defined readily enough, it is not currently possible to analyse the entire range of metabolites by a single analytical method. The first metabolite database(called METLIN) for searching m/z values from mass spectrometry data was developed by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute in 2005. In January 2007, scientists at the University of Alberta and the University of Calgary completed the first draft of the human metabolome. The Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is perhaps the most extensive public metabolomic spectral database to date. The HMDB stores more than 40,000 different metabolite entries. They catalogued approximately 2500 metabolites, 1200 drugs and 3500 food components that can be found in the human body, as reported in the literature. This information, available at the Human Metabolome Database (www.hmdb.ca) and based on analysis of information available in the current scientific literature, is far from complete. In contrast, much more is known about the metabolomes of other organisms. For example, over 50,000 metabolites have been characterized from the plant kingdom, and many thousands of metabolites have been identified and/or characterized from single plants.",
"title": "Metabolomics"
},
{
"docid": "49734242#1",
"text": "Similarly to DNA and proteins, metabolites are prone to damage, which can occur chemically or through enzyme promiscuity. Much less is known about metabolite damage than about DNA and protein damage, in part due to the huge variety and number of damage-prone metabolites.\nMany metabolites are chemically reactive and unstable, and thus prone to chemical damage. In general, any reaction that occurs \"in vitro\" under physiological conditions can also occur \"in vivo\". Some metabolites are so reactive that their half-life in a cell is measured in minutes. For example, the glycolytic intermediate 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid has a half-life of 27 minutes \"in vivo\". Typical types of chemical damage reactions that can occur to metabolites are racemization, rearrangement, elimination, photodissociation, addition, and condensation.",
"title": "Metabolite damage"
},
{
"docid": "1075211#9",
"text": "The Human Metabolome Database is a freely available, open-access database containing detailed data on more than 40,000 metabolites that have already been identified or are likely to be found in the human body. The HMDB contains three kinds of information: 1) chemical information, 2) clinical information, and 3) biochemical information. The chemical data includes >40,000 metabolite structures with detailed descriptions, extensive chemical classifications, synthesis information and observed/calculated chemical properties. It also contains nearly 10,000 experimentally measured NMR, GC-MS and LC/MS spectra from more than 1100 different metabolites. The clinical information includes data on >10,000 metabolite-biofluid concentrations, metabolite concentration information on more than 600 different human diseases and pathway data for more than 200 different inborn errors of metabolism. The biochemical information includes nearly 6000 protein (and DNA) sequences and more than 5000 biochemical reactions that are linked to these metabolite entries. The HMDB supports a wide variety of online queries including text searches, chemical structure searches, sequence similarity searches and spectral similarity searches. This makes it particularly useful for metabolomic researchers who are attempting to identify or understand metabolites in clinical metabolomic studies. The first version of the HMDB was released in Jan. 1 2007 and was compiled by scientists at the University of Alberta and the University of Calgary. At that time they reported data on 2,500 metabolites, 1,200 drugs and 3,500 food components. Since then these scientists have greatly expanded the collection. The latest version of the HMDB (version 3.5) contains >16,000 endogenous metabolites, >1500 drugs and >22,000 food constituents or food metabolites.",
"title": "Metabolome"
},
{
"docid": "42438471#1",
"text": "The MSEA web server is a freely available web server for performing metabolite set enrichment analysis on human or mammalian metabolomics data. The required input is either a list of compound names or compound names and concentrations. The output is a set of graphs and tables with embedded hyperlinks to the pertinent pathway images and descriptors. The Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis offered by the web server is based on a curated library of more 5000 predefined metabolite sets covering various human metabolic pathways (nearly 100), hundreds of human disease states (in 3 different biofluids), human biofluid and tissue locations as well as human SNP-metabolite associations (4500 different SNP associations). MSEA also allows users to upload custom metabolite sets for more specialized analysis (such as non-mammalian MSEA work). Three different enrichment analyses are supported by the server: 1) overrepresentation analysis (ORA); 2) single sample profiling (SSP) and 3) quantitative enrichment analysis (QEA). ORA analysis only needs a list of compound names. SSP and QEA need both compound names and their concentrations. Workflows, examples and other screenshot tutorials on how to use the server are available on the MSEA website. The MSEA server also offers a number of other functions including the conversion between metabolite common names, synonyms, and major database identifiers.",
"title": "Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis"
},
{
"docid": "11008314#109",
"text": "Secondary metabolites are essentially low molecular weight compounds, sometimes having complex structures, that are not essential for the normal processes of growth, development, or reproduction. They function in processes as diverse as immunity, anti-herbivory, pollinator attraction, communication between plants, maintaining symbiotic associations with soil flora, or enhancing the rate of fertilization, and hence are significant from the evo-devo perspective. Secondary metabolites are structurally and functionally diverse, and it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of enzymes might be involved in the process of producing them, with about 15–25% of the genome coding for these enzymes, and every species having its unique arsenal of secondary metabolites. Many of these metabolites, such as salicylic acid are of medical significance to humans.",
"title": "Evolutionary history of plants"
},
{
"docid": "1075211#4",
"text": "The metabolome reflects the interaction between an organism’s genome and its environment. As a result, an organism’s metabolome can serve as an excellent probe of its phenotype (i.e. the product of its genotype and its environment). Metabolites can be measured (identified, quantified or classified) using a number of different technologies including NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Most mass spectrometry (MS) methods must be coupled to various forms of liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) to facilitate compound separation. Each method is typically able to identify or characterize 50-5000 different metabolites or metabolite “features” at a time, depending on the instrument or protocol being used. See Figure 2 for an illustration of the relationship between different analytical methods and their sensitivity. Currently it is not possible to analyze the entire range of metabolites by a single analytical method.",
"title": "Metabolome"
}
] |
[
0.008019447326660156,
0.37884521484375,
-0.022617340087890625,
0.3429832458496094,
0.61431884765625,
-0.3622894287109375,
0.1978302001953125,
-0.294097900390625,
-0.04748058319091797,
0.2820892333984375,
-0.24827957153320312,
-0.07535600662231445,
0.14307403564453125,
0.16811370849609375,
-0.603759765625,
0.018093109130859375,
0.46240234375,
-0.15865325927734375,
-0.0363922119140625,
0.11870002746582031,
-0.0001850128173828125,
0.2505645751953125,
0.3120269775390625,
-0.01608753204345703,
0.17948150634765625,
-0.020506858825683594,
-0.210296630859375,
-0.016921043395996094,
0.13604354858398438,
0.27264404296875,
0.09137344360351562,
-0.173919677734375,
0.012713432312011719,
0.51153564453125,
-0.360870361328125,
0.337310791015625,
0.3387298583984375,
0.284423828125,
-0.14488601684570312,
0.045284271240234375,
0.10556316375732422,
0.011145591735839844,
0.170135498046875,
-0.11773300170898438,
0.399444580078125,
-0.1026458740234375,
0.07667255401611328,
0.25069618225097656,
0.12224102020263672,
0.20868682861328125,
-0.241363525390625,
0.13385963439941406,
-0.12237548828125,
-0.010770797729492188,
-0.58966064453125,
0.29827880859375,
-0.430328369140625,
0.744140625,
0.08640670776367188,
0.0774383544921875,
0.13462448120117188,
-0.09613609313964844,
-0.2867431640625,
-0.1107940673828125,
0.117706298828125,
0.126922607421875,
-0.03234148025512695,
0.3365478515625,
0.0846099853515625,
0.3232421875,
0.09728717803955078,
0.68536376953125,
0.3277587890625,
0.01709747314453125,
-0.004909515380859375,
-0.2631072998046875,
-0.14739990234375,
-0.3042144775390625,
0.07479476928710938,
-0.259979248046875,
0.205657958984375,
0.08308219909667969,
0.03185081481933594,
0.4058837890625,
0.01968097686767578,
0.38104248046875,
0.08596038818359375,
0.3141326904296875,
0.042498111724853516,
0.59930419921875,
-0.24260711669921875,
0.27162933349609375,
0.3504791259765625,
0.11175203323364258,
-0.403778076171875,
0.037348151206970215,
0.292510986328125,
0.10154533386230469,
0.018065452575683594,
0.1395416259765625,
0.14113616943359375,
-0.302337646484375,
0.047657012939453125,
-0.504241943359375,
0.2591400146484375,
-0.3067779541015625,
-0.14292144775390625,
-0.028459548950195312,
0.05364990234375,
0.25048828125,
-0.107879638671875,
-0.20812416076660156,
-0.061321258544921875,
0.2307443618774414,
0.489837646484375,
0.026018142700195312,
0.13686752319335938,
-0.1967926025390625,
0.19930267333984375,
-0.86016845703125,
0.2827301025390625,
0.3168792724609375,
-0.2677459716796875,
-0.546234130859375,
0.19755053520202637,
0.00916069746017456,
0.61639404296875,
0.1546630859375,
0.7845458984375,
0.4556884765625,
-0.053351402282714844,
-0.05289101600646973,
0.29449462890625,
0.66705322265625,
0.3587608337402344,
-0.0756988525390625,
0.2591705322265625,
0.1142425537109375,
0.08604621887207031,
-0.44708251953125,
-0.18857574462890625,
-0.437255859375,
0.3648681640625,
0.4057159423828125,
0.03993844985961914,
0.2403717041015625,
-0.018622159957885742,
0.4515380859375,
-0.06210744380950928,
0.3336334228515625,
0.1454944610595703,
0.1791534423828125,
0.1510467529296875,
0.351043701171875,
0.3309803009033203,
-0.1695423126220703,
0.546600341796875,
0.46783447265625,
0.002584218978881836,
0.05526399612426758,
0.80560302734375,
0.392730712890625,
0.008296966552734375,
-0.288848876953125,
0.363037109375,
0.26708984375,
-0.04543304443359375,
0.4173736572265625,
0.63970947265625,
-0.188812255859375,
-0.422637939453125,
-0.005589485168457031,
0.66583251953125,
0.07493209838867188,
0.3354034423828125,
0.13973617553710938,
-0.16469097137451172,
0.385589599609375,
0.24273681640625,
-0.1766209602355957,
0.04356861114501953,
0.60595703125,
0.19960784912109375,
-0.021144866943359375,
0.518096923828125,
0.42144775390625,
0.39379119873046875,
0.3401947021484375,
-0.03310394287109375,
0.2839202880859375,
0.13877105712890625,
0.0192718505859375,
0.77734375,
-0.305877685546875,
0.301300048828125,
0.10298919677734375,
-0.349456787109375,
0.61773681640625,
-0.1975688934326172,
-0.09356689453125,
-0.10736846923828125,
-0.3807830810546875,
-0.23095703125,
0.07013702392578125,
0.13603782653808594,
-0.31708526611328125,
0.1556549072265625,
0.13993453979492188,
-0.002428770065307617,
-0.053264617919921875,
-0.18212509155273438,
-0.10885238647460938,
0.481719970703125,
0.020177841186523438,
-0.5523681640625,
0.3537139892578125,
-0.568939208984375,
-0.07671678066253662,
0.432647705078125,
0.14969635009765625,
-0.335601806640625,
-0.010395050048828125,
0.23748016357421875,
-0.33294677734375,
0.52294921875,
-0.197296142578125,
-0.12891387939453125,
-0.31119537353515625,
0.07428359985351562,
0.255889892578125,
-0.03696250915527344,
0.019496917724609375,
0.11552047729492188,
-0.09238433837890625,
0.387420654296875,
0.3018646240234375,
0.2235260009765625,
-0.20243072509765625,
0.2752532958984375,
0.1259784698486328,
0.2085418701171875,
-0.09002113342285156,
-0.348785400390625,
0.019695281982421875,
0.46807861328125,
-0.1339282989501953,
-0.20447540283203125,
0.23679262399673462,
-0.2325897216796875,
-0.30399322509765625,
-0.10512304306030273,
-0.18187713623046875,
-0.219970703125,
0.23974609375,
-0.360198974609375,
0.277801513671875,
0.22571563720703125,
-0.11330974102020264,
0.19168853759765625,
0.2906951904296875,
0.7049407958984375,
0.2673492431640625,
0.523284912109375,
0.18959808349609375,
-0.3200540542602539,
-0.10729765892028809,
-0.03194236755371094,
0.54876708984375,
0.3270416259765625,
0.23024749755859375,
0.11414146423339844,
-0.2620835304260254,
0.034465789794921875,
0.08742141723632812,
-0.237884521484375,
0.1211090087890625,
-0.032514095306396484,
0.27236175537109375,
-0.15906906127929688,
0.212615966796875,
0.27179718017578125,
0.4010772705078125,
-0.01602935791015625,
-0.17445945739746094,
0.02061939239501953,
0.4388427734375,
-0.05883216857910156,
-0.2666778564453125,
-0.2133026123046875,
0.08665800094604492,
0.3336334228515625,
0.768798828125,
0.3264617919921875,
-0.34027862548828125,
-0.09237289428710938,
-0.10117641091346741,
0.345611572265625,
0.234588623046875,
0.2569694519042969,
0.09094500541687012,
0.4725151062011719,
-0.64630126953125,
0.241241455078125,
0.87469482421875,
0.04500150680541992,
-0.3729248046875,
-0.594085693359375,
-0.03086090087890625,
0.1284942626953125,
0.535552978515625,
0.2615966796875,
-0.06805181503295898,
0.09900665283203125,
0.540283203125,
0.3670654296875,
0.114898681640625,
0.26078033447265625,
0.2135467529296875,
0.779052734375,
0.032306671142578125,
-0.10366630554199219,
0.022516250610351562,
-0.433349609375,
-0.325439453125,
0.396514892578125,
-0.4347381591796875,
0.1444091796875,
-0.448760986328125,
-0.1200103759765625,
0.05906867980957031,
0.5269012451171875,
0.527099609375,
0.06921958923339844,
-0.020904541015625,
0.08906078338623047,
0.137969970703125,
-0.08740234375,
0.68267822265625,
-0.22798919677734375,
-0.27297210693359375,
0.040097713470458984,
-0.20140838623046875,
0.233734130859375,
0.38726806640625,
0.008035659790039062,
0.19240570068359375,
0.059090375900268555,
-0.25439453125,
0.3589324951171875,
-0.07288885116577148,
0.03238868713378906,
-0.09794092178344727,
-0.16046524047851562,
0.09769725799560547,
0.021701812744140625,
0.04891204833984375,
0.4013519287109375,
0.2913951873779297,
0.414581298828125,
-0.21152496337890625,
0.40228271484375,
0.013998985290527344,
0.19770050048828125,
-0.001377105712890625,
0.2403106689453125,
0.17741966247558594,
0.15079498291015625,
-0.15665435791015625,
0.15227317810058594,
-0.1175384521484375,
0.1959075927734375,
0.15249252319335938,
-0.375030517578125,
0.08782005310058594,
-0.752685546875,
-0.384552001953125,
0.06244611740112305,
0.428192138671875,
0.479583740234375,
-0.023267745971679688,
0.19025039672851562,
0.49346923828125,
0.70355224609375,
0.024460196495056152,
-0.2124481201171875,
-0.261383056640625,
0.014667272567749023,
-0.523193359375,
-0.0018177032470703125,
-0.363616943359375,
0.06679248809814453,
-0.21521759033203125,
-0.08769083023071289,
0.25547027587890625,
-0.30657958984375,
-0.2106170654296875,
0.2231903076171875,
0.1117095947265625,
0.060500144958496094,
0.151885986328125,
-0.09900665283203125,
0.199371337890625,
0.2651214599609375,
0.371124267578125,
4.18896484375,
0.056107521057128906,
-0.0388336181640625,
0.06210803985595703,
0.08497428894042969,
0.2281951904296875,
-0.0842132568359375,
-0.07430267333984375,
-0.08455467224121094,
0.13123703002929688,
-0.023891448974609375,
-0.10869741439819336,
-0.33660888671875,
0.514556884765625,
-0.45892333984375,
0.1654360294342041,
0.486297607421875,
0.05429507791996002,
0.04481697082519531,
0.511962890625,
-0.483489990234375,
0.2783355712890625,
0.10815823078155518,
0.0018622875213623047,
0.2812385559082031,
0.1867656707763672,
0.26983642578125,
0.21376800537109375,
0.55419921875,
0.18011474609375,
0.280059814453125,
-0.092010498046875,
-0.28134918212890625,
-0.24688720703125,
-0.75518798828125,
0.309356689453125,
0.17969512939453125,
0.05728912353515625,
-0.10565185546875,
0.343841552734375,
-0.27447509765625,
0.0874166488647461,
0.00905609130859375,
0.71368408203125,
0.212188720703125,
-0.28692626953125,
-0.1072998046875,
0.354461669921875,
0.21266937255859375,
0.17470932006835938,
0.416015625,
-0.08668041229248047,
0.11963653564453125,
-0.177001953125,
0.377227783203125,
0.54876708984375,
0.3151702880859375,
0.3226776123046875,
-0.13776111602783203,
0.03308677673339844,
0.37628173828125,
0.2763671875,
0.4632568359375,
0.0024623870849609375,
-0.18995285034179688,
0.15308856964111328,
0.3187408447265625,
0.4051055908203125,
0.07349348068237305,
-0.57568359375,
0.1532135009765625,
0.3409423828125,
0.423675537109375,
-0.41644287109375,
0.10338592529296875,
-0.06935834884643555,
-0.466766357421875,
-0.0923919677734375,
-0.03994178771972656,
0.04927635192871094,
0.3125457763671875,
-0.2576446533203125,
-0.03319072723388672,
0.56317138671875,
-0.05945014953613281,
0.559173583984375,
0.15071582794189453,
-0.692474365234375,
0.32147216796875,
-0.10749435424804688,
0.3059539794921875,
0.1992950439453125,
0.219635009765625,
0.02731037139892578,
0.29638671875,
-0.006041526794433594,
0.3579864501953125,
-3.9453125,
0.2331695556640625,
0.06366157531738281,
0.1746673583984375,
0.12810516357421875,
0.324951171875,
0.3871612548828125,
0.2902984619140625,
-0.3934326171875,
0.017147064208984375,
-0.09043121337890625,
0.322723388671875,
0.02631855010986328,
0.524200439453125,
-0.050380706787109375,
0.400299072265625,
-0.10052013397216797,
0.14235687255859375,
0.13117218017578125,
-0.32989501953125,
0.53857421875,
0.1772003173828125,
0.06079268455505371,
-0.413543701171875,
-0.0666656494140625,
0.12712621688842773,
-0.06412506103515625,
-0.2329540252685547,
-0.11202335357666016,
-0.2077178955078125,
0.17555999755859375,
0.367523193359375,
0.548858642578125,
-0.45355224609375,
-0.1306285858154297,
0.3145294189453125,
0.4832000732421875,
0.26171875,
0.25276947021484375,
0.06821441650390625,
0.21450042724609375,
0.2462310791015625,
0.05020436644554138,
0.14844512939453125,
0.09113311767578125,
-0.1536102294921875,
0.0007801055908203125,
0.286102294921875,
-0.477447509765625,
0.2549018859863281,
0.56793212890625,
0.3056182861328125,
-0.07927703857421875,
0.008831024169921875,
0.6834716796875,
-0.02681446075439453,
-0.1455059051513672,
0.05350685119628906,
0.3233795166015625,
0.16896820068359375,
-0.03655815124511719,
0.0780181884765625,
0.08316421508789062,
0.0479888916015625,
0.0602569580078125,
0.110992431640625,
-0.15239715576171875,
-0.2293853759765625,
0.11361312866210938,
-0.17444610595703125,
0.05622386932373047,
0.028638839721679688,
0.07363554835319519,
-0.11920166015625,
0.120697021484375,
0.2192535400390625,
-0.15073442459106445,
-0.0459442138671875,
0.471435546875,
0.13906621932983398,
0.09511375427246094,
0.2214488983154297,
-0.33502197265625,
-0.238189697265625,
2.6151123046875,
0.12814998626708984,
2.33447265625,
-0.08633232116699219,
-0.41851806640625,
0.68707275390625,
-0.24967193603515625,
0.507293701171875,
0.09637069702148438,
0.4237060546875,
-0.13860797882080078,
0.15558624267578125,
-0.13515853881835938,
-0.11905288696289062,
-0.65277099609375,
-0.2176055908203125,
0.26773834228515625,
-0.826751708984375,
-0.06715774536132812,
0.2222747802734375,
0.0235443115234375,
-0.34759521484375,
0.13126373291015625,
0.17784690856933594,
0.12913799285888672,
-0.12398147583007812,
-0.1553955078125,
0.2891998291015625,
-0.13018417358398438,
-0.34986114501953125,
0.20504188537597656,
0.3821563720703125,
0.20037078857421875,
-0.10776901245117188,
-0.060710906982421875,
0.455718994140625,
0.07587718963623047,
4.7099609375,
0.09195899963378906,
-0.050609588623046875,
0.06527519226074219,
0.4302978515625,
0.155975341796875,
0.23878002166748047,
-0.020188331604003906,
-0.2057952880859375,
0.13392877578735352,
0.3012237548828125,
0.031475067138671875,
-0.1368408203125,
-0.285186767578125,
0.09481430053710938,
-0.1742415428161621,
0.18512725830078125,
-0.009039640426635742,
0.26666259765625,
0.03987884521484375,
0.434356689453125,
-0.070648193359375,
0.23291778564453125,
-0.16450119018554688,
0.0630192756652832,
0.08183002471923828,
0.2514190673828125,
-0.11481475830078125,
-0.025960922241210938,
0.3414459228515625,
0.2647857666015625,
5.44384765625,
0.3336639404296875,
-0.08280181884765625,
-0.027187347412109375,
-0.143798828125,
0.2896881103515625,
-0.1434173583984375,
-0.280517578125,
-0.47998046875,
-0.20113372802734375,
-0.06555676460266113,
0.291412353515625,
-0.2733612060546875,
0.358917236328125,
-0.461212158203125,
0.0402679443359375,
0.03385353088378906,
-0.2913818359375,
0.11914825439453125,
0.128570556640625,
-0.042011260986328125,
-0.035686492919921875,
0.3238983154296875,
-0.023448944091796875,
0.08013916015625,
0.13816070556640625,
0.029157400131225586,
0.3770751953125,
-0.2582244873046875,
-0.02977466583251953,
0.406890869140625,
0.1740264892578125,
-0.037837982177734375,
0.307830810546875,
0.06649649143218994,
0.340789794921875,
0.50897216796875,
0.13740158081054688,
0.451080322265625,
-0.14700698852539062,
0.565277099609375,
0.202545166015625,
-0.016988754272460938,
-0.04608917236328125,
-0.17055892944335938,
-0.345123291015625,
-0.02789783477783203,
-0.07016468048095703,
0.1317768096923828,
0.226165771484375,
-0.23431396484375,
0.014302253723144531,
0.72308349609375,
0.13064193725585938,
-0.06194305419921875,
0.274810791015625,
-0.12153816223144531,
-0.318603515625,
0.464630126953125,
0.286865234375,
0.531890869140625,
0.0835723876953125,
-0.045135498046875,
0.28643798828125,
0.41815185546875,
0.262481689453125,
-0.07209014892578125,
0.2504425048828125,
0.3642578125,
-0.09846973419189453,
-0.16732025146484375,
0.103668212890625,
-0.12888693809509277,
-0.0277099609375,
0.067718505859375,
0.347747802734375,
-0.333984375,
-0.14455032348632812,
0.016889572143554688,
-0.2017669677734375,
0.022317886352539062,
-0.1826629638671875,
-0.14520263671875,
-0.12753868103027344,
0.33343505859375,
-0.1717681884765625,
-0.1564788818359375,
-0.2308807373046875,
0.430511474609375,
0.2374267578125,
0.25083160400390625,
0.06172990798950195,
-0.232025146484375,
0.4164581298828125,
0.19084739685058594,
-0.04934883117675781,
0.4244384765625,
0.95947265625,
-0.2009429931640625,
0.417694091796875,
-0.18398284912109375,
0.353546142578125,
0.45842742919921875,
-0.09903335571289062,
0.332366943359375,
0.12201118469238281,
-0.06777191162109375,
-0.3361968994140625,
-0.1457529067993164,
-0.042115211486816406,
0.44512939453125,
0.055988311767578125,
-0.12103509902954102,
-0.04431498050689697,
-0.01214599609375
] |
2098
|
Where is Ateneo de Manila University located?
|
[
{
"docid": "330339#0",
"text": "The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: \"Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila;\" Spanish:\" Universidad Ateneo de Manila\") is a private Roman Catholic research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Founded in 1859 by the Society of Jesus, Ateneo is the third-oldest university in the Philippines. Ateneo offers elementary and secondary education exclusively to male students (and has recently opened the Senior High School to girls). The undergraduate and graduate programmes are coeducational and organised into four schools, collectively known as the Loyola Schools, which are located at its main campus at Loyola Heights. Four professional schools occupy campuses in different parts of Metro Manila.",
"title": "Ateneo de Manila University"
},
{
"docid": "1742804#0",
"text": "The Ateneo de Manila University School of Law (often referred to as Ateneo Law School) is the law school of the Ateneo de Manila University, a private Jesuit university in the Philippines. It was founded in 1936, in the Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila campus of the Ateneo, where it remained even after the college, graduate school, and basic education units moved to Loyola Heights, Quezon City in the 1950s. In 1977, it moved to Salcedo Village in Makati, and in 1998, transferred to its present location in Makati's Rockwell Center. Its current dean is alumnus Jose G. Hofileña who succeeded Sedfrey Candelaria who, in turn, succeeded Cesar L. Villanueva. Its patron saint is Thomas More.",
"title": "Ateneo Law School"
},
{
"docid": "22180767#0",
"text": "The Ateneo de Manila University Dormitory is a twin-building, on-campus dormitory for college students of the Ateneo de Manila University. Built in 2008, the Dormitory buildings stand seven stories high, and can accommodate over 600 students. It is located behind the Church of the Gesù, and overlooks the scenic Marikina Valley.",
"title": "Ateneo de Manila University Dormitory"
},
{
"docid": "36184901#0",
"text": "The Ateneo de Manila University Archives, located on the ground floor of the Rizal Library in Quezon City, Philippines, has been the central repository of non-current records of the administrative offices, academic departments, and student organizations of the Ateneo de Manila University since 1958. It was established by priests Leo Cullum, S.J., Horacio de la Costa, S.J., and John Schumacher, S.J.",
"title": "Ateneo de Manila University Archives"
},
{
"docid": "20915498#0",
"text": "The Ateneo Art Gallery is a museum of modern art of the Ateneo de Manila University. It is the first of its kind in the Philippines. It serves as an art resource for the university community and the general public as well. The Gallery is located at the Arts Wing, Areté, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City.",
"title": "Ateneo Art Gallery"
},
{
"docid": "4757724#0",
"text": "The Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: \"Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila\") is a private research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Founded in 1859 by the Society of Jesus, the Ateneo is the third-oldest university in the Philippines.\nThe founding of the Ateneo de Manila University has its roots in the history of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) as a teaching order. The first Spanish Jesuits in the Philippines, Alonzo Sánchez and Antonio Sedeño, arrived in 1581 as missionaries. They were custodians of the \"ratio studiorum\", the Jesuit system of education developed around 1559. Within a decade of their arrival, Sedeño and the Jesuits had founded the Colegio de Manila (\"Colegio Seminario de San Ignacio\") in the historic core of Manila, Intramuros, in 1590. The Colegio formally opened in 1595, the first school in the Philippines.",
"title": "History of the Ateneo de Manila"
},
{
"docid": "4715948#0",
"text": "The culture and traditions of Ateneo de Manila University (Filipino: \"Unibersidad Ateneo de Manila\"; ) is a private research university in Quezon City, Philippines. Founded as the \"Escuela Municipal\" in 1859 by the Society of Jesus, the Ateneo is the third-oldest university in the country. Among the several articles on the Ateneo, this article deals solely with its culture and traditions.",
"title": "Culture and traditions of the Ateneo de Manila"
},
{
"docid": "330339#32",
"text": "Within this campus is the Rizal Library, the main university library. Also located here are numerous units and research centres affiliated with Ateneo, such as the Institute of Social Order, Institute of Philippine Culture, Institute on Church and Social Issues, Asian Public Intellectuals Fellowships, the Philippine Institute for Pure and Applied Chemistry, the Jesuit Communications Foundation, the Jesuit Basic Education Commission, and others. Also situated here are the East Asian Pastoral Institute, Loyola School of Theology, and San Jose Seminary, all Jesuit formation institutions federated with the Ateneo de Manila University. The Manila Observatory is also located on campus.\nAthletic facilities include the Blue Eagle Gym, also known as the Loyola Center, standing at the southern end of the campus, and the Moro Lorenzo Sports Center (MLSC) on the northern end. The Blue Eagle Gym is one of the largest gymnasiums among the universities in Metro Manila while the MLSC is often used by the Philippine National Basketball Team as well as other professional teams for their training needs.",
"title": "Ateneo de Manila University"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "330339#40",
"text": "The Ateneo library system comprises several libraries housed in the Loyola Heights campus and the Professional Schools campus. The university's main library is the Rizal Library located in Loyola Heights. The Ateneo Professional Schools Library is housed in the Professional Schools building. Also included in the library system are the libraries of the Ateneo grade school, high school, and those of the East Asian Pastoral Institute and the Loyola School of Theology. Libraries of other Jesuit universities in Naga, Zamboanga, Davao, and Cagayan de Oro are linked to the Ateneo de Manila Libraries.",
"title": "Ateneo de Manila University"
},
{
"docid": "330339#37",
"text": "The Rockwell Centre campus of the Ateneo de Manila University houses the Law School, Graduate School of Business, School of Government, AGSB-BAP Institute of Banking, and the Ateneo Center for Continuing Education. The campus was donated by the Lopez Group of Companies to the Ateneo de Manila University. It includes several research centres, a moot court facility, and the Ateneo Professional Schools Library.",
"title": "Ateneo de Manila University"
}
] |
[
0.552929699420929,
0.28387451171875,
0.176971435546875,
0.13682976365089417,
-0.21376343071460724,
-0.211090087890625,
0.48286134004592896,
-0.3118042051792145,
0.38725584745407104,
0.589160144329071,
0.0165252685546875,
0.13277892768383026,
-0.4425292909145355,
-0.043585967272520065,
-0.35748291015625,
0.0013580322265625,
0.7532714605331421,
0.15801087021827698,
-0.4165145754814148,
0.137298583984375,
0.10108032077550888,
0.727294921875,
0.11971130222082138,
-0.00322723388671875,
-0.14942017197608948,
0.126933291554451,
-0.4474243223667145,
0.3646484315395355,
-0.18938598036766052,
0.22362670302391052,
0.6071532964706421,
-0.08705902099609375,
0.13778381049633026,
0.33623045682907104,
-0.503955066204071,
0.009555053897202015,
0.10400390625,
0.08710022270679474,
-0.0407562255859375,
0.10387573391199112,
-0.09081535041332245,
0.39387208223342896,
0.34746551513671875,
-0.07215575873851776,
0.16582641005516052,
0.4996337890625,
0.01119918841868639,
-0.1414031982421875,
-0.07392730563879013,
0.11126708984375,
-0.20743408799171448,
-0.01462402381002903,
-0.06695900112390518,
0.07550086826086044,
-0.526318371295929,
0.300048828125,
0.06239776685833931,
0.21949462592601776,
-0.3252578675746918,
0.29974135756492615,
0.32520753145217896,
0.04501647874712944,
-0.012983322143554688,
0.12252350151538849,
0.00003204345557605848,
0.3178344666957855,
0.1370830535888672,
0.29876708984375,
0.3690185546875,
0.14471130073070526,
-0.5380859375,
0.17813262343406677,
0.44487303495407104,
-0.13750457763671875,
0.07027892768383026,
0.10304870456457138,
-0.19265595078468323,
-0.28010255098342896,
0.3721069395542145,
-0.16807250678539276,
0.30169677734375,
-0.30626219511032104,
0.20995482802391052,
0.34361571073532104,
-0.1162109375,
0.639111340045929,
-0.05236969143152237,
0.38543701171875,
0.3448120057582855,
0.31934815645217896,
0.08158645778894424,
0.08014678955078125,
0.0009262085077352822,
-0.1721622496843338,
0.31761473417282104,
0.5459228754043579,
0.25690919160842896,
-0.25780028104782104,
0.23756714165210724,
-0.1770782470703125,
-0.00406723003834486,
-0.15845946967601776,
0.4278320372104645,
0.356964111328125,
0.24990233778953552,
-0.27842408418655396,
-0.3269897401332855,
0.1302337646484375,
0.15874329209327698,
0.18738403916358948,
-0.07442016899585724,
-0.17537841200828552,
0.36834716796875,
-0.0041717528365552425,
0.23895263671875,
0.20404358208179474,
0.17384643852710724,
-0.2806945741176605,
-0.44024658203125,
-0.839062511920929,
0.31854248046875,
0.45720213651657104,
-0.11937560886144638,
0.05792808532714844,
0.10981521755456924,
0.23421020805835724,
0.48674315214157104,
-0.14554443955421448,
0.5480712652206421,
0.4046630859375,
-0.02438507042825222,
0.22275209426879883,
0.1240997314453125,
0.561352550983429,
0.26343995332717896,
-0.1280742585659027,
0.4392333924770355,
-0.15159301459789276,
0.4025634825229645,
-0.20699863135814667,
-0.1335926055908203,
-0.25054931640625,
0.30314940214157104,
0.5328613519668579,
0.3506103456020355,
-0.07523012161254883,
-0.16538086533546448,
0.11517784744501114,
0.11242370307445526,
-0.3429199159145355,
0.03147583082318306,
0.19599609076976776,
-0.2107498198747635,
0.4562744200229645,
-0.1367340087890625,
-0.0013763427268713713,
0.2665039002895355,
0.04624633863568306,
0.17497558891773224,
0.1533050537109375,
0.6288086175918579,
0.28745728731155396,
0.281005859375,
-0.36571043729782104,
0.5987793207168579,
-0.29438477754592896,
0.03836822509765625,
0.6621338129043579,
0.49309080839157104,
-0.28584593534469604,
-0.11457671970129013,
-0.008059930987656116,
0.13630828261375427,
-0.10656128078699112,
0.24255982041358948,
0.44328612089157104,
-0.49027711153030396,
-0.11877594143152237,
-0.13156738877296448,
-0.30415040254592896,
-0.06530380249023438,
0.3552490174770355,
-0.03783264011144638,
-0.07765579223632812,
0.43208009004592896,
0.015065002255141735,
0.177154541015625,
-0.15592041611671448,
-0.30695801973342896,
-0.1351463347673416,
-0.169902041554451,
-0.06510467827320099,
0.635241687297821,
-0.05174560472369194,
0.11718292534351349,
0.054471589624881744,
-0.453369140625,
0.44184571504592896,
0.3337768614292145,
0.28575438261032104,
-0.04859008640050888,
-0.35474854707717896,
-0.18952636420726776,
0.09648513793945312,
0.319091796875,
-0.14989013969898224,
-0.21694335341453552,
-0.06493224948644638,
-0.0187835693359375,
-0.819775402545929,
-0.3093505799770355,
0.1041664108633995,
0.18877562880516052,
0.11675109714269638,
-0.016257787123322487,
0.3660888671875,
-0.06015472486615181,
-0.5440918207168579,
0.603686511516571,
-0.19083252549171448,
-0.14134521782398224,
0.5689452886581421,
0.0012329102028161287,
-0.14118652045726776,
-0.045830536633729935,
-0.20242920517921448,
-0.540600597858429,
-0.3388671875,
-0.0006607055547647178,
0.560986340045929,
0.2517333924770355,
0.16762390732765198,
0.31804198026657104,
-0.3686279356479645,
0.34505003690719604,
0.1927490234375,
0.21416930854320526,
-0.15684814751148224,
-0.10123290866613388,
-0.021026611328125,
0.3860107362270355,
-0.3359832763671875,
0.04226875305175781,
0.07614326477050781,
0.43061524629592896,
-0.12080688774585724,
0.27518922090530396,
-0.06751632690429688,
-0.33153074979782104,
-0.07779236137866974,
-0.016863251104950905,
-0.22737427055835724,
-0.08037414401769638,
0.585986316204071,
-0.3046020567417145,
0.3629150390625,
0.19589538872241974,
-0.07385559380054474,
-0.2007797211408615,
0.3155151307582855,
0.16431275010108948,
-0.0070327757857739925,
0.10155181586742401,
0.07226362079381943,
-0.06999512016773224,
-0.02529144287109375,
0.04309539869427681,
0.3532470762729645,
0.055243492126464844,
0.19055023789405823,
0.6065673828125,
-0.25183409452438354,
-0.20853272080421448,
0.06596527248620987,
-0.008021926507353783,
-0.20273438096046448,
0.2767578065395355,
0.1474967896938324,
-0.404296875,
0.5254150629043579,
0.4778808653354645,
0.03630218654870987,
-0.0923246368765831,
0.15159225463867188,
0.10742492973804474,
0.11761474609375,
-0.2602905333042145,
-0.033638764172792435,
-0.4551025331020355,
0.0055976868607103825,
0.560229480266571,
0.5608154535293579,
0.23894424736499786,
-0.52294921875,
0.1488499641418457,
-0.05077953264117241,
0.05881309509277344,
-0.4091201722621918,
0.2726806700229645,
0.032958984375,
0.2605834901332855,
-0.4665283262729645,
0.27557373046875,
0.06419678032398224,
-0.21242675185203552,
-0.033631324768066406,
-0.1821880340576172,
0.30268555879592896,
0.05735320970416069,
-0.07667160034179688,
0.4463134706020355,
-0.16015319526195526,
-0.046283721923828125,
0.7171875238418579,
0.3906616270542145,
0.09722900390625,
0.47871094942092896,
-0.12998047471046448,
0.06181030347943306,
0.30897217988967896,
-0.17408446967601776,
-0.06832246482372284,
-0.4736328125,
0.24725341796875,
0.2703491151332855,
-0.633105456829071,
0.19390258193016052,
-0.7337890863418579,
0.8907715082168579,
0.18505248427391052,
0.4661758542060852,
0.11588744819164276,
-0.11849059909582138,
-0.09265823662281036,
-0.2961792051792145,
0.17188720405101776,
-0.33680421113967896,
0.604248046875,
0.12756729125976562,
-0.11622810363769531,
-0.01309280376881361,
0.129505917429924,
0.025993729010224342,
0.22809448838233948,
-0.490966796875,
-0.12401123344898224,
0.14096298813819885,
0.16580505669116974,
0.32688599824905396,
0.0740383118391037,
0.09503784030675888,
-0.038013458251953125,
-0.520092785358429,
0.40581053495407104,
0.34599608182907104,
0.006058311555534601,
0.2271682769060135,
0.4286865293979645,
0.16286620497703552,
-0.122380830347538,
0.12583312392234802,
0.516430675983429,
0.612963855266571,
0.33427733182907104,
0.37299805879592896,
0.33171385526657104,
-0.11677093803882599,
-0.27232664823532104,
-0.053125761449337006,
-0.09504623711109161,
0.44854736328125,
0.0015708922874182463,
-0.004014206118881702,
0.23497314751148224,
-0.7098633050918579,
0.010958862490952015,
-0.09939269721508026,
0.25990599393844604,
0.4395751953125,
0.16180571913719177,
0.30898743867874146,
0.37939453125,
0.1458595246076584,
-0.06777038425207138,
-0.27156370878219604,
-0.017893314361572266,
0.07796783745288849,
0.12102661281824112,
-0.246002197265625,
0.06956710666418076,
0.2864990234375,
-0.1651763916015625,
-0.16348114609718323,
-0.01610260084271431,
-0.6705322265625,
-0.05018157884478569,
0.1642754077911377,
0.52978515625,
0.259246826171875,
-0.1680755615234375,
0.19466552138328552,
0.29486083984375,
0.663867175579071,
0.17429503798484802,
4.176367282867432,
0.23657837510108948,
0.18348388373851776,
0.15832671523094177,
-0.1350349485874176,
0.23055419325828552,
0.578930675983429,
-0.25934141874313354,
0.0376434326171875,
-0.21142578125,
0.29290771484375,
-0.143992617726326,
-0.2834106385707855,
0.22389984130859375,
-0.10107269138097763,
0.24185791611671448,
0.510815441608429,
0.22493286430835724,
-0.07827625423669815,
0.24039307236671448,
-0.24714355170726776,
0.11691055446863174,
0.30040282011032104,
0.19962158799171448,
0.4046874940395355,
0.2879577577114105,
0.46917724609375,
0.24182739853858948,
0.5489867925643921,
0.202423095703125,
0.32203370332717896,
0.30638426542282104,
-0.142333984375,
0.48894041776657104,
-1.277734398841858,
0.0717809647321701,
0.24839477241039276,
-0.210591122508049,
-0.07957001030445099,
-0.141957089304924,
-0.1554718017578125,
-0.38593751192092896,
-0.027628516778349876,
0.21221923828125,
0.08512802422046661,
0.14460143446922302,
-0.2670532166957855,
0.4250732362270355,
-0.14586791396141052,
0.34904783964157104,
0.33729249238967896,
-0.39946287870407104,
-0.05622978135943413,
0.05664520338177681,
0.3585449159145355,
0.404052734375,
0.225025936961174,
0.03256874158978462,
-0.05068359524011612,
0.17543335258960724,
-0.0979650467634201,
0.07098960876464844,
0.021434616297483444,
-0.20849609375,
0.21832561492919922,
0.2629638612270355,
0.22057494521141052,
0.10738983005285263,
0.16535338759422302,
0.09777984768152237,
0.40751951932907104,
0.4167724549770355,
0.2902160584926605,
-0.01532976608723402,
-0.1110382080078125,
0.20973968505859375,
-0.24635009467601776,
0.08040161430835724,
0.1813613921403885,
-0.06732387840747833,
0.14425048232078552,
-0.00039043425931595266,
0.049591064453125,
0.26679688692092896,
0.15205077826976776,
0.3901123106479645,
0.28658294677734375,
0.29652708768844604,
0.482177734375,
-0.07226257026195526,
0.28193360567092896,
0.41411131620407104,
0.20978088676929474,
0.27430421113967896,
-0.17529296875,
-0.23333740234375,
0.2764038145542145,
-4.037695407867432,
0.21826171875,
0.17086486518383026,
-0.08598174899816513,
-0.15443725883960724,
0.08912277221679688,
0.07541046291589737,
0.12116698920726776,
-0.3560546934604645,
0.18965300917625427,
0.19116821885108948,
0.03936767578125,
-0.25666505098342896,
0.16297607123851776,
0.25283050537109375,
0.08645858615636826,
0.42475587129592896,
0.18046264350414276,
0.05822448804974556,
-0.18849487602710724,
-0.03353710100054741,
0.24859619140625,
-0.03032836876809597,
-0.28437501192092896,
-0.11553039401769638,
0.39055174589157104,
-0.03628234937787056,
-0.29193115234375,
0.36296385526657104,
0.04332103580236435,
0.3579955995082855,
0.1581474244594574,
0.234619140625,
-0.18186339735984802,
0.15764160454273224,
0.689990222454071,
0.3439269959926605,
0.5167480707168579,
0.5214599370956421,
0.22834929823875427,
0.06521911919116974,
0.06582031399011612,
0.250762939453125,
0.30584716796875,
-0.2519577145576477,
0.03572235256433487,
-0.0619075782597065,
-0.18768310546875,
-0.18457642197608948,
-0.09429015964269638,
0.42338865995407104,
0.465576171875,
-0.15850524604320526,
-0.020934104919433594,
0.607470691204071,
-0.09435119479894638,
-0.24480590224266052,
-0.3997802734375,
0.727246105670929,
-0.12751159071922302,
0.038835905492305756,
-0.19182129204273224,
0.17157593369483948,
0.504711925983429,
-0.07282714545726776,
-0.1016082763671875,
0.21453857421875,
0.05103759840130806,
0.22647400200366974,
-0.7775634527206421,
-0.18300171196460724,
0.222991943359375,
0.20269164443016052,
-0.05874443054199219,
-0.10660095512866974,
-0.543749988079071,
-0.16918334364891052,
-0.052835844457149506,
0.4731689393520355,
0.14132079482078552,
-0.2557739317417145,
0.2722412049770355,
-0.19410094618797302,
0.510449230670929,
2.163769483566284,
0.23285523056983948,
2.028027296066284,
0.187774658203125,
-0.41773682832717896,
0.32939451932907104,
-0.25056761503219604,
0.29584962129592896,
0.1414794921875,
-0.05677948147058487,
0.04126586765050888,
0.216217041015625,
0.1069183349609375,
0.35972899198532104,
0.17536278069019318,
0.014912414364516735,
0.31944578886032104,
-0.8774169683456421,
0.14921264350414276,
0.033312439918518066,
0.4216552674770355,
0.0734962448477745,
0.045140646398067474,
0.5776122808456421,
-0.33343505859375,
-0.2822631895542145,
0.06890258938074112,
-0.06509437412023544,
0.24006958305835724,
0.08191604912281036,
-0.49360352754592896,
0.19161376357078552,
0.4891357421875,
0.31071776151657104,
0.15629272162914276,
0.0914459228515625,
0.16097135841846466,
4.682031154632568,
0.10641708225011826,
-0.15061645209789276,
0.09385056793689728,
0.11944465339183807,
0.21243591606616974,
0.030533600598573685,
-0.31147462129592896,
-0.07291679084300995,
0.13743896782398224,
0.602783203125,
0.30921706557273865,
-0.1985626220703125,
0.11634521186351776,
0.11787109076976776,
0.4710693359375,
0.14208678901195526,
0.09462432563304901,
0.178211972117424,
0.036665868014097214,
0.35179442167282104,
0.32786864042282104,
0.15860596299171448,
-0.1507255584001541,
0.04853057861328125,
0.35650634765625,
0.25105589628219604,
0.17801514267921448,
0.09231758117675781,
0.2789062559604645,
0.12941284477710724,
5.481249809265137,
0.1196441650390625,
0.3317504823207855,
-0.22483520209789276,
0.1879730224609375,
0.09543304145336151,
-0.542041003704071,
0.03317870944738388,
-0.132659912109375,
-0.06518783420324326,
-0.08269347995519638,
0.11014709621667862,
-0.3049682676792145,
0.4097045958042145,
-0.05943803861737251,
0.36542969942092896,
-0.18050536513328552,
0.043813325464725494,
0.37919920682907104,
-0.05060424655675888,
0.363006591796875,
-0.07376442104578018,
-0.06788406521081924,
-0.6302490234375,
-0.3564086854457855,
-0.08128204196691513,
-0.33056640625,
0.26464080810546875,
-0.1514129638671875,
-0.0277557373046875,
0.593310534954071,
0.13818207383155823,
0.30868834257125854,
0.05322303622961044,
-0.420379638671875,
0.09596328437328339,
0.42877197265625,
0.14528541266918182,
0.24713134765625,
-0.2216796875,
0.18890991806983948,
0.028965186327695847,
0.04042234271764755,
-0.18939819931983948,
0.539477527141571,
0.13399353623390198,
-0.06489868462085724,
-0.19436340034008026,
0.10400696098804474,
-0.0005156040424481034,
0.533007800579071,
0.044889070093631744,
0.927197277545929,
0.3636108338832855,
0.139312744140625,
0.014669227413833141,
-0.610888659954071,
0.02058715745806694,
0.27138710021972656,
0.0049453736282885075,
0.6611083745956421,
0.038758087903261185,
-0.023418426513671875,
0.36809080839157104,
0.18197326362133026,
-0.00801925640553236,
0.29173582792282104,
-0.15957030653953552,
0.22733154892921448,
-0.43232423067092896,
-0.23763427138328552,
-0.020888518542051315,
0.23215332627296448,
0.20214232802391052,
-0.24075928330421448,
0.347869873046875,
0.32939451932907104,
-0.15888062119483948,
0.3640380799770355,
0.02138366736471653,
-0.029189586639404297,
-0.3208862245082855,
-0.3643798828125,
0.1723983734846115,
0.14044800400733948,
-0.13746491074562073,
0.043859101831912994,
-0.07076568901538849,
0.3240295350551605,
0.24820557236671448,
0.11639709770679474,
-0.029711341485381126,
-0.26185303926467896,
0.3639160096645355,
-0.3069610595703125,
0.3376220762729645,
0.22290650010108948,
0.26387327909469604,
0.11259613186120987,
0.03520507737994194,
-0.158244326710701,
0.23849792778491974,
0.4275878965854645,
-0.18081054091453552,
0.2965087890625,
-0.20428466796875,
-0.26527100801467896,
-0.19769592583179474,
0.429443359375,
0.10951308906078339,
0.5760742425918579,
0.3580123782157898,
0.021571731194853783,
0.14842376112937927,
0.0958099365234375
] |
2099
|
When was the Merillon Avenue station built in Garden City?
|
[
{
"docid": "7566749#1",
"text": "Merillon Avenue station was established in 1911 near the former Clowesville station, which was established in June 1837 by the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad. It was the closest LIRR station to the old Queens County courthouse (Nassau County became a separate county in 1899, splitting off from Queens County) off Jericho Turnpike. By 1845, it was used only when courts were in session.",
"title": "Merillon Avenue station"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "7566749#0",
"text": "Merillon Avenue () is a station on the Main Line (Port Jefferson Branch service) of the Long Island Rail Road. It is located at Nassau Boulevard and Merillon Avenue in Garden City Park, New York. The station is wheelchair accessible with two side platforms and a crossunder at Nassau Boulevard.",
"title": "Merillon Avenue station"
},
{
"docid": "7566749#2",
"text": "From 1874-1876, the station was named \"Garden City\" in order to mislead travelers into thinking that the station served Alexander Turney Stewart's Garden City, which was already served by Garden City station along the Central Railroad of Long Island in 1872.The court moved away in 1877 and the station fell by the wayside, although some trains continued to stop there as late as June 1897. Though re-established as a station in 1911, the station house itself was not built until 1912. It was rebuilt in 1958 with a smaller structure and an narrow 11'6\" bridge under the tracks for Nassau Boulevard.",
"title": "Merillon Avenue station"
},
{
"docid": "17308329#15",
"text": "On December 7, 1993, the city's Merillon Avenue station was the location of the Long Island Rail Road massacre in which six people were murdered and 19 injured in a racially motivated mass shooting perpetrated by Colin Ferguson, a black Jamaican immigrant.",
"title": "Garden City, New York"
},
{
"docid": "7566749#4",
"text": "As part of the Main Line third track project, the Merillon Avenue station will be upgraded to accommodate full-length 12-car trains, and platform B will be relocated. Canopies, benches, signage, and security cameras will be installed. The station will be made compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 via the installation of elevators and ramps. The existing station building will be demolished and replaced with extra parking spaces. Amenities such as Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, artwork, and digital information displays would be included in the renovation. The electrical substation at Merillon Avenue station will be replaced to make way for the third track.",
"title": "Merillon Avenue station"
},
{
"docid": "168897#0",
"text": "On December 7, 1993, a Long Island Rail Road train pulled into the Merillon Avenue station in Garden City, New York, when passenger Colin Ferguson pulled out a 9mm pistol and started firing at other passengers. He murdered 6 people and wounded 19 others before being stopped by other passengers. Ferguson's trial was notable for a number of unusual developments, including his firing his defense counsel and insisting on representing himself and questioning his own victims on the stand.",
"title": "1993 Long Island Rail Road shooting"
},
{
"docid": "7566749#3",
"text": "The Merillon Avenue station was the final stop on the 5:33 p.m. train from Penn Station to Hicksville on December 7, 1993, before Colin Ferguson opened gunfire at passengers who were white or Asian in a racially motivated attack. Six people were murdered and 19 others were wounded. Carolyn McCarthy, whose husband was killed and whose son was seriously injured in the tragedy, pressed for tougher gun control laws and was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1996. There are often memorial wreaths on the platform at the head of the eastbound tracks of the station on the anniversaries of the incident.",
"title": "Merillon Avenue station"
},
{
"docid": "410410#3",
"text": "On December 7, 1993, her husband, Dennis, was killed, and her son, Kevin, was severely injured on a Long Island Rail Road commuter train at the Merillon Avenue station in the village of Garden City, when 35-year-old Colin Ferguson opened fire on passengers. Ferguson killed six and wounded 19 others. McCarthy responded to the crime by launching a campaign for more stringent gun control that eventually propelled her to Congress in 1996 on the Democratic ticket. She defeated freshman Republican Dan Frisa by a large margin. In the biographical 1998 television movie \"The Long Island Incident\", which portrayed these events, she was played by actress Laurie Metcalf.",
"title": "Carolyn McCarthy"
},
{
"docid": "10456306#1",
"text": "Garden City station was originally built in 1872 by the Central Railroad of Long Island, which was built by Alexander Turney Stewart to bring visitors to the Garden City Hotel. The original station was a typical one-story Victorian structure with a second story over the front door, and a back \"porch\" over high platforms. It also included a separate freight house.",
"title": "Garden City station (LIRR)"
},
{
"docid": "33320632#1",
"text": "The station was built by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1931. Its traffic declined in the 1950s and it closed in 1984 when Via Rail transferred service to lines headed into Montreal Central Station. The City of Montreal purchased the building and the western end was converted as a metro station and the remainder of the building was adapted for business use. It currently houses a Joe Fresh outlet.",
"title": "Park Avenue station (Montreal)"
}
] |
[
0.2685285210609436,
0.07320676743984222,
0.0343802310526371,
0.3924734890460968,
-0.13104602694511414,
0.005488804541528225,
0.5877685546875,
-0.2665012776851654,
-0.0015438625123351812,
0.1579306423664093,
-0.6146065592765808,
-0.4293997585773468,
-0.3630109429359436,
-0.01165825966745615,
0.25331661105155945,
0.05287715420126915,
0.5311802625656128,
-0.1480429470539093,
0.16410936415195465,
0.1853703111410141,
0.16034916043281555,
0.5645054578781128,
-0.07761328667402267,
0.09311049431562424,
-0.06586889922618866,
0.0718035027384758,
0.02831881307065487,
0.234405517578125,
0.24481473863124847,
0.2536664605140686,
0.5085274577140808,
-0.0859265998005867,
-0.12423402816057205,
-0.10599463433027267,
-0.3561488687992096,
0.3502022922039032,
0.4840785562992096,
-0.06529072672128677,
-0.3990216851234436,
-0.04669107869267464,
0.010937281884253025,
0.0272227693349123,
0.5868737101554871,
0.14372961223125458,
0.6083940863609314,
0.10784833878278732,
0.09047998487949371,
-0.0270549226552248,
-0.2745143473148346,
0.5478515625,
-0.3583199679851532,
0.0972442626953125,
-0.012509516440331936,
0.1524611860513687,
-0.4095284640789032,
0.44638824462890625,
-0.4799368679523468,
0.5060686469078064,
0.04845183342695236,
-0.04926517978310585,
0.3048662543296814,
0.06843090057373047,
0.00483349384739995,
0.0222941804677248,
-0.19797788560390472,
0.136962890625,
0.3385358452796936,
0.1450413316488266,
0.46933093667030334,
-0.0055817193351686,
-0.036719731986522675,
0.4746965765953064,
0.4650704562664032,
0.039336614310741425,
0.18514224886894226,
-0.3792375922203064,
-0.0438472218811512,
0.3224923312664032,
0.3632027804851532,
-0.04721532389521599,
0.4175088107585907,
-0.6964634656906128,
0.11566053330898285,
0.5725272297859192,
-0.2024557888507843,
0.2591094970703125,
0.10048089921474457,
0.2135794460773468,
0.2512555718421936,
0.5223039984703064,
0.1339961439371109,
0.2606593668460846,
-0.103515625,
0.12742288410663605,
0.2124481201171875,
0.6143101453781128,
0.02935068868100643,
-0.6195591688156128,
0.3170296847820282,
-0.4987444281578064,
0.1881801038980484,
-0.14557211101055145,
-0.03459276631474495,
0.1917550265789032,
0.1228594109416008,
-0.5358363389968872,
0.15000316500663757,
-0.2351858913898468,
0.2050279825925827,
0.3085501492023468,
0.6153041124343872,
-0.2646527886390686,
0.2853829562664032,
-0.2040012925863266,
0.1379721462726593,
0.3139212429523468,
0.1917288601398468,
-0.30908203125,
-0.3953029215335846,
-1.0355050563812256,
0.5462297797203064,
0.8321358561515808,
-0.10570226609706879,
0.12950189411640167,
-0.312774658203125,
-0.3188411295413971,
0.5941859483718872,
-0.1697365939617157,
0.6563546061515808,
0.5673130750656128,
-0.0975319966673851,
0.2926723062992096,
-0.12175913900136948,
0.6966029405593872,
0.09482356160879135,
0.1297084242105484,
0.2409188449382782,
-0.20990316569805145,
-0.1061335951089859,
-0.3798305094242096,
-0.1869223415851593,
-0.018024172633886337,
0.29663413763046265,
0.4555620551109314,
-0.6183035969734192,
0.2568708062171936,
0.012433732859790325,
0.2864205539226532,
-0.3281598687171936,
0.11333029717206955,
-0.1645769327878952,
0.08872222900390625,
-0.1493595689535141,
0.3049970269203186,
-0.19283021986484528,
0.2193472683429718,
0.24804796278476715,
0.3011147677898407,
0.2949785590171814,
0.19791248440742493,
0.6311732530593872,
0.2851388156414032,
0.1596461683511734,
-0.1462729275226593,
0.5307442545890808,
-0.13855525851249695,
0.1615186482667923,
0.6920863389968872,
0.4563860297203064,
0.0741773322224617,
-0.2790876030921936,
-0.0263704564422369,
0.5113438367843628,
-0.10316412895917892,
-0.0195650365203619,
-0.060781318694353104,
-0.696533203125,
0.2061898410320282,
0.11147451400756836,
0.09477444738149643,
0.1267918199300766,
0.4060799777507782,
0.13204629719257355,
0.0487300343811512,
0.6323590874671936,
0.2290802001953125,
-0.043977465480566025,
0.1971329301595688,
0.07664108276367188,
0.07222039252519608,
-0.1721147745847702,
-0.10768576711416245,
0.7248883843421936,
-0.2532326877117157,
-0.2296665757894516,
0.2017429918050766,
0.273712158203125,
0.0064370292238891125,
-0.2187565416097641,
0.1274501234292984,
-0.02414921298623085,
0.04029487818479538,
-0.5701904296875,
0.4748883843421936,
0.3681989312171936,
-0.2420479953289032,
-0.19003187119960785,
0.10479736328125,
-0.2277134507894516,
-0.5704869031906128,
-0.030127661302685738,
0.197784423828125,
-0.026580538600683212,
0.572509765625,
-0.2143772691488266,
-0.11226708441972733,
0.047810692340135574,
-0.2706669270992279,
0.5188860297203064,
-0.08794375509023666,
-0.22120557725429535,
0.11009107530117035,
0.1990007609128952,
0.104278564453125,
0.13620103895664215,
-0.12833894789218903,
-0.1681692898273468,
-0.4877842366695404,
0.1208975687623024,
0.202880859375,
0.6069771647453308,
-0.1429203599691391,
0.21706826984882355,
-0.7848249077796936,
-0.0023163387086242437,
-0.039825439453125,
0.2491215318441391,
-0.2369471937417984,
-0.09287261962890625,
-0.05313437432050705,
0.2459237277507782,
0.2033429890871048,
-0.1720515638589859,
0.2894091010093689,
0.4994594156742096,
-0.4059099555015564,
0.3086095452308655,
0.36884960532188416,
-0.3980538547039032,
-0.4639543890953064,
0.0512586310505867,
0.4284842312335968,
0.0853184312582016,
0.0312739796936512,
0.040648870170116425,
0.252410888671875,
0.1357182115316391,
0.06237683817744255,
0.4051513671875,
0.4658726155757904,
0.2426670640707016,
-0.3517090976238251,
0.4596993625164032,
0.14961351454257965,
-0.04180908203125,
-0.12412043660879135,
0.17892564833164215,
0.502197265625,
0.09668432176113129,
-0.0161557886749506,
0.7223075032234192,
-0.8479352593421936,
-0.0917096808552742,
0.21257345378398895,
-0.16526399552822113,
0.03061784990131855,
-0.10965210944414139,
-0.3052951395511627,
-0.4214215874671936,
0.37598419189453125,
0.3972429633140564,
-0.07666724175214767,
0.022687366232275963,
-0.3478066623210907,
0.29541015625,
-0.0029558453243225813,
-0.4599696695804596,
0.050836291164159775,
0.10150146484375,
0.03885718807578087,
0.482666015625,
0.4093017578125,
0.07676669210195541,
-0.4051644504070282,
0.15482711791992188,
0.0931505486369133,
0.0626547709107399,
-0.062386102974414825,
0.2397330105304718,
-0.1118491068482399,
0.24473245441913605,
-0.6774379014968872,
-0.2234409898519516,
-0.3066864013671875,
0.11463192850351334,
-0.368896484375,
-0.1352887898683548,
0.4427141547203064,
-0.2379041463136673,
-0.06666237860918045,
0.5754656195640564,
-0.759521484375,
0.11945561319589615,
0.2671683132648468,
0.14924676716327667,
0.3142220675945282,
0.6527448296546936,
-0.1818803995847702,
0.3777988851070404,
0.4175545871257782,
0.3522077202796936,
0.6665736436843872,
-0.4480329155921936,
0.4752371609210968,
-0.1640123575925827,
-0.6355319619178772,
0.08655806630849838,
-0.4222760796546936,
0.7135533094406128,
-0.01592363603413105,
0.4220668375492096,
-0.02964237704873085,
0.1812155544757843,
0.20739038288593292,
0.1426282674074173,
0.10999788343906403,
-0.14588628709316254,
0.8367222547531128,
0.19596807658672333,
-0.4119437038898468,
-0.2219456285238266,
0.08563505113124847,
0.007135595660656691,
0.4059360921382904,
-0.3275713324546814,
0.14834240078926086,
-0.0852290540933609,
0.0285186767578125,
0.3841727077960968,
0.2941807210445404,
-0.06358500570058823,
0.5500226616859436,
-0.4183349609375,
0.3450339138507843,
0.0418461374938488,
0.2149069607257843,
0.11671938002109528,
-0.026208605617284775,
0.2864205539226532,
-0.2321908175945282,
-0.007117134984582663,
0.3828909695148468,
0.2574245035648346,
0.1014229878783226,
0.4429844319820404,
0.0716073140501976,
0.0345284603536129,
0.20001220703125,
0.10643332451581955,
-0.08353587239980698,
0.11440086364746094,
0.23318099975585938,
0.2536371648311615,
0.1678052693605423,
-0.60888671875,
-0.5271519422531128,
0.1454533189535141,
0.20329351723194122,
0.2353864461183548,
0.18706512451171875,
0.4159633219242096,
0.3727329671382904,
0.46173095703125,
-0.1089651957154274,
0.29970496892929077,
0.06309672445058823,
-0.25449317693710327,
-0.09317044168710709,
0.1067701056599617,
-0.3407941460609436,
0.37339454889297485,
-0.05786677822470665,
-0.17939212918281555,
0.011304037645459175,
-0.8379603624343872,
0.10297393798828125,
0.0600607730448246,
0.350799560546875,
0.3271048367023468,
-0.4128505289554596,
-0.013713291846215725,
0.4463239312171936,
0.6498674750328064,
0.22467041015625,
4.100028038024902,
0.6814662218093872,
0.2266061007976532,
0.1020224466919899,
-0.2612348198890686,
0.176483154296875,
0.24924305081367493,
-0.14395032823085785,
-0.06652804464101791,
-0.12511171400547028,
0.1826869398355484,
-0.06676973402500153,
-0.2623988687992096,
0.3123910129070282,
-0.3455112874507904,
0.4149344265460968,
0.1164681538939476,
0.3070330023765564,
-0.0908791646361351,
0.3560703694820404,
-0.4874965250492096,
0.3385710120201111,
0.3354143500328064,
0.5800257921218872,
0.1402195543050766,
-0.2397984117269516,
0.4201180636882782,
-0.22135816514492035,
0.4478062093257904,
0.2375837117433548,
0.17678560316562653,
-0.07580865919589996,
0.16025815904140472,
0.2963692843914032,
-1.0048828125,
0.32353633642196655,
0.4592721164226532,
0.0534537173807621,
-0.0635647103190422,
-0.09375381469726562,
-0.05048806220293045,
0.03677981346845627,
0.4775608479976654,
0.3789934515953064,
-0.03871740773320198,
0.0569436214864254,
-0.0030975341796875,
0.3834402859210968,
-0.35762786865234375,
-0.18888582289218903,
0.3138035237789154,
0.0846644788980484,
-0.061854224652051926,
0.3140520453453064,
0.3071463406085968,
0.4681222140789032,
0.07084818929433823,
0.09956292062997818,
-0.12046922743320465,
-0.5593610405921936,
0.3713400661945343,
0.1576995849609375,
0.17135129868984222,
0.0064168656244874,
-0.1895490437746048,
0.041748046875,
-0.19267193973064423,
-0.0670689195394516,
-0.2326703816652298,
0.4854561984539032,
0.7091413140296936,
0.4749581515789032,
0.4706290066242218,
-0.3024728000164032,
-0.1726335734128952,
-0.2222028523683548,
-0.3331996500492096,
0.10334450751543045,
0.16305269300937653,
0.2955583930015564,
0.1044703871011734,
-0.0209383275359869,
0.09450749307870865,
0.5858328938484192,
-0.25249233841896057,
0.5830426812171936,
0.0500270314514637,
-0.4866065979003906,
0.6270577311515808,
-0.1082545667886734,
0.2743268609046936,
0.5690394639968872,
0.012592588551342487,
0.09503160417079926,
0.2202170193195343,
-0.1847991943359375,
-0.0634002685546875,
-3.9155972003936768,
0.1434675008058548,
0.12542724609375,
0.028296878561377525,
0.2210780531167984,
0.01179667841643095,
0.045409612357616425,
0.04392324015498161,
-0.12205178290605545,
0.06208161264657974,
0.0670405775308609,
-0.2708042562007904,
-0.2585972249507904,
0.6150251030921936,
-0.19650377333164215,
-0.03774915263056755,
0.1914539337158203,
0.2658211886882782,
0.2758440375328064,
-0.027902603149414062,
-0.0044953483156859875,
0.0334865041077137,
0.3553684651851654,
-0.1915697306394577,
-0.2509067952632904,
0.327728271484375,
0.0353437140583992,
-0.3481183648109436,
-0.0423082634806633,
-0.0438232421875,
0.000011273792551946826,
-0.4114249050617218,
0.2035871297121048,
-0.2907976508140564,
0.6478794813156128,
0.6205357313156128,
0.35894775390625,
0.19608306884765625,
0.5107596516609192,
0.0451224185526371,
-0.1657644659280777,
0.012104034423828125,
0.10087203979492188,
0.2051609605550766,
-0.3421347439289093,
0.1469508558511734,
-0.15911701321601868,
-0.27786582708358765,
-0.4369768500328064,
0.32379150390625,
-0.18562862277030945,
-0.0985826775431633,
0.0233429167419672,
0.0923418328166008,
0.8636299967765808,
0.0931810662150383,
-0.08555412292480469,
-0.34199634194374084,
0.2501395046710968,
0.1963675320148468,
0.7688336968421936,
-0.0964922234416008,
0.1578303724527359,
0.11685507744550705,
0.3658381998538971,
-0.4478411078453064,
0.1458326131105423,
0.20529447495937347,
0.1718662828207016,
-0.3390028774738312,
0.59295654296875,
0.0679212287068367,
0.3359287679195404,
0.23431722819805145,
0.1517554074525833,
0.1470860093832016,
0.13927242159843445,
0.006363732274621725,
0.6649344563484192,
-0.1082589253783226,
-0.2118661105632782,
-0.42449188232421875,
-0.430908203125,
0.764404296875,
2.053013324737549,
0.4106968343257904,
2.2152621746063232,
0.5717424750328064,
0.10414886474609375,
0.3508998453617096,
-0.3303135335445404,
0.09383078664541245,
0.12109320610761642,
0.15003816783428192,
0.2591640055179596,
0.12074824422597885,
0.011943544261157513,
0.3911917507648468,
0.060722894966602325,
-0.12340491265058517,
0.2870309054851532,
-1.0555943250656128,
0.07890646904706955,
0.044805798679590225,
0.013952255249023438,
0.2529689371585846,
-0.2452937513589859,
0.5257743000984192,
0.2078595906496048,
-0.2831595242023468,
-0.062296729534864426,
0.052120208740234375,
-0.013607569970190525,
-0.2409123033285141,
-0.4202488362789154,
-0.2552664577960968,
0.3731863796710968,
0.24000059068202972,
0.1856645792722702,
0.2693350613117218,
0.5357666015625,
4.674386024475098,
0.133209228515625,
-0.1174665167927742,
0.2750592827796936,
0.2831987738609314,
0.2198006808757782,
0.6943010687828064,
-0.2910374104976654,
0.05947395786643028,
0.4705287516117096,
0.1905909925699234,
-0.011552469804883003,
-0.3997890055179596,
-0.02767399325966835,
0.4880894124507904,
0.1472541242837906,
0.02726200595498085,
-0.12073952704668045,
0.5351737141609192,
0.07402773946523666,
0.3017512857913971,
0.2263575941324234,
0.2624707818031311,
-0.1366620808839798,
-0.0525098517537117,
-0.12125178426504135,
0.0962677001953125,
-0.5168195366859436,
0.10382502526044846,
0.33488792181015015,
0.2840707004070282,
5.338448524475098,
-0.1936318576335907,
0.06678663194179535,
-0.3408464789390564,
-0.1851327121257782,
0.4546334445476532,
-0.251250684261322,
0.1525835245847702,
-0.6371198296546936,
0.02019391767680645,
-0.13572147488594055,
-0.0640106201171875,
-0.1316506564617157,
0.0901445671916008,
0.2529187798500061,
0.17520250380039215,
-0.13712283968925476,
0.1380201131105423,
0.3676866888999939,
-0.15576335787773132,
0.4334062933921814,
0.0449938103556633,
0.1807861328125,
-0.5631365180015564,
-0.6571393609046936,
-0.0362984798848629,
0.0214266087859869,
0.2255859375,
-0.10404205322265625,
0.03564780205488205,
0.2203085720539093,
0.2261635959148407,
0.2281755656003952,
-0.04481533542275429,
-0.2926984429359436,
0.2940150797367096,
0.6661900281906128,
0.043841224163770676,
0.1931108683347702,
-0.2126704603433609,
0.427734375,
0.0736563578248024,
0.1662074476480484,
-0.3252743184566498,
0.5179966688156128,
0.2417428195476532,
-0.3252912163734436,
-0.3355843722820282,
-0.2434038370847702,
-0.009492806158959866,
0.2989414632320404,
-0.14894621074199677,
1.19580078125,
0.5503975749015808,
0.033029284328222275,
0.3798566460609436,
-0.01800973154604435,
-0.2311946302652359,
-0.10164369642734528,
-0.11108289659023285,
0.7088099718093872,
0.012493269518017769,
0.0819244384765625,
0.2489820271730423,
0.1999577134847641,
0.3955950140953064,
0.4762311577796936,
-0.2117374986410141,
0.4680698812007904,
-0.4729265570640564,
0.3077218234539032,
0.3300083577632904,
0.2377842515707016,
-0.06265722215175629,
-0.1790793240070343,
-0.04239409416913986,
0.6109095811843872,
0.3224574625492096,
0.053739819675683975,
-0.09945174306631088,
0.08139228820800781,
-0.2483694851398468,
-0.377716064453125,
0.4218662679195404,
0.17428644001483917,
-0.15996551513671875,
-0.004962376318871975,
0.05961499735713005,
0.4628383219242096,
0.132163867354393,
0.1165880486369133,
0.21007755398750305,
-0.39117431640625,
0.45264163613319397,
-0.0623692087829113,
0.3721226155757904,
-0.12786810100078583,
0.2790195047855377,
-0.0042931693606078625,
0.0959821417927742,
0.21274566650390625,
0.3468453586101532,
0.07666479051113129,
-0.049113161861896515,
0.07727868109941483,
-0.5172467827796936,
0.26055797934532166,
-0.0105885099619627,
-0.07471765577793121,
0.099761962890625,
0.4345005452632904,
0.5151715874671936,
0.1571829617023468,
0.08930424600839615,
-0.039950545877218246
] |
2100
|
What's the deepest cave?
|
[
{
"docid": "889910#6",
"text": "There are hundreds of \"holes\" on Velebit. It has the largest and deepest caves in Croatia. The three-part \"Lukina jama\" cave is 1392 m deep, making it one of the deepest caves in the world, and the deepest in southeast Europe, while the \"Slovačka jama\" is 1320 m. What makes it unique is that it is completely vertical, steepest in the world. At the bottom of the pothole is a water course or siphon with branches that are still unexplored. A kind of leech was discovered in the pothole, which has been ascertained to represent a new species, genus and family; it has been named \"Erpobdella mestrovi\".",
"title": "Velebit"
},
{
"docid": "28014203#0",
"text": "Chevé Cave ( ; ) is a deep cave located in the Sierra Juárez mountain range in the southern Mexico state of Oaxaca. As of 2003, its deepest point has been measured at deep, making it the second deepest known cavern in the Western Hemisphere and the world’s 12th deepest cave. The cave's deepest known point is nearly one vertical mile and seven horizontal miles from the entrance, ending in a terminal sump. The present limit of exploration in Chevé, at 9.3 kilometers from the nearest entrance, represents one of the most remote locations ever attained inside any cave on Earth. The logistics of reaching this point are enormous: more than two kilometers of rope need to be rigged and three underground camps established. Chevé is the deepest proven freshwater hydrological system in the world. Temperatures in Chevé are moderate, ranging from . It has been most thoroughly explored under the leadership of caver Bill Stone.",
"title": "Chevé Cave"
},
{
"docid": "51449746#3",
"text": "Jujar is deepest cave of Asia. in 7 September 2015 Jujar cave in eastern front of the Paraw recognized as deepest cave of Iran. an Iranian caving team consist of 24 athlete has discovered 806 meter and 8 centimeter of this cave. before this event Paraw cave (also located in this mount ) was deepest cave of Iran. in August 2016 an international expedition started to discover whole of the cave. eventually they announced that they successfully achieved to more than 1000 meter depth of the cave. thus Jujar became deepest cave of Asia and Iran.",
"title": "Mount Paraw"
},
{
"docid": "889906#1",
"text": "The \"Lukina jama\" cave is 1431 m deep (2013), the deepest cave in Croatia, 14th deepest cave in the world and the deepest cave in southeast Europe. At its foot, there are ponds and streams including one of the largest known colonies of subterranean leeches (\"Erpobdella mestrovi\"), which has been ascertained to represent a new species, genus and also family. Other species discovered in the system, include the air-breathing land snails \"Zospeum tholussum\". Like Lukina jama, Slovacka jama, Velebita and Meduza are also located at the \"Hajdučki i Rožanski kukovi\" special reserve, a dedicated part of the Sjeverni Velebit national park.",
"title": "Velebit caves"
},
{
"docid": "894337#1",
"text": "The difference in elevation of the cave's entrance and its deepest explored point is . It became the deepest-known cave in the world in 2001 when the expedition of the Ukrainian Speleological Association reached a depth of which exceeded the depth of the previous deepest-known cave, Lamprechtsofen, in the Austrian Alps, by . In 2004, for the first time in the history of speleology, the Ukrainian Speleological Association expedition reached a depth greater than , and explored the cave to . Ukrainian diver Gennadiy Samokhin extended the cave by diving in the terminal sump to 46 metres' depth in 2007 and then to 52 m in 2012, setting successive world records of 2,191 m and 2,197 m, respectively. Krubera is one of the two known caves on Earth deeper than 2,000 metres.",
"title": "Krubera Cave"
},
{
"docid": "59495735#2",
"text": "The cave is the deepest known cave in Asia having been explored to a depth of from the entrance. At the lowest discovered level a water-filled siphon blocks further exploration. It is thought that the cave has the potential to be the deepest known cave in the world, with a theorised depth of making it deeper than the Veryovkina Cave. The explored length of the cave is .",
"title": "Boybuloq Cave"
},
{
"docid": "59495735#0",
"text": "Boybuloq Cave (also known as Boy Bulok) is a limestone cave in Uzbekistan and the deepest known cave in Asia. It is located high in the Gissar Range of mountains, near to Dehibolo, Uzbekistan's highest village. The cave and wider area is inaccessible for much of the year due to snow. Long-known to local people because of a nearby spring the cave was first explored by speleologists in 1984. Since then expeditions have mapped of passages in the cave and reached a total depth of . The cave could potentially extend much deeper and become the deepest in the world.",
"title": "Boybuloq Cave"
},
{
"docid": "14222302#0",
"text": "The Abismo Guy Collet (SP-090) is the deepest cave in South America, and the deepest in the world that is formed in quartzite. Located in a tepui in northern Brazil near the border with Venezuela, this cave was first explored by cavers in 2006 to a depth of 671 meters.",
"title": "Abismo Guy Collet"
},
{
"docid": "15983434#29",
"text": "The caves and rock shelters vary in size and what they contain. Many contain paintings and other forms of graphic representation. Contents include ceramics and stone tools. The corn materials show similarities to the first vestiges of the domestication of wheat and rye in the Middle East. One of the deepest caves is called the Cueva de la Paloma. The caves have been studied since the 1960s, especially the Cueva de Guilá Naquitz (white stone in Zapotec), which has some of the best evidence for the domestication of corn and squash, which dates back more than 10,000 years. Other caves, such as those near Yagual and Mitla confirm findings at Guilá Naquitz and show human occupation to about 8000 years BCE the sites also show similarities to the Head Smashed and Buffalo Jump Complex sites in Canada. Many more smaller caves with similar artifacts are thought to exist in the area.",
"title": "Tlacolula de Matamoros"
},
{
"docid": "39923606#0",
"text": "Kef Toghobeit is a karst cave near the settlement of Bab Taza in Chefchaouen Province, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, in northern Morocco. Currently known to be long and deep, it is the deepest cave in Morocco, and the third deepest cave in Africa.\nAlthough Kef Toghobeit has been well-explored, its full extent is not yet known. Indeed, the karst topography of the Rif mountain range where the cave begins has barely been mapped - just 1000 caves are known in Morocco, and the geology would suggest that more than this exist.",
"title": "Kef Toghobeit Cave"
}
] |
[] |
[
0.44038087129592896,
-0.1962926834821701,
-0.3854126036167145,
0.13555297255516052,
-0.1135047897696495,
-0.040522001683712006,
0.12896423041820526,
-0.3114379942417145,
-0.052127838134765625,
0.5036865472793579,
-0.2806137204170227,
-0.18752136826515198,
-0.3276611268520355,
-0.31373292207717896,
0.19385376572608948,
0.08828888088464737,
0.56884765625,
0.308328241109848,
0.021489333361387253,
0.3331298828125,
-0.06730041652917862,
0.4394287168979645,
0.0020170211791992188,
-0.01478424109518528,
0.16917113959789276,
0.4996093809604645,
-0.34593504667282104,
0.15268555283546448,
-0.16086730360984802,
0.20488891005516052,
-0.04119415208697319,
-0.21660156548023224,
0.145965576171875,
0.693310558795929,
-0.27146607637405396,
0.4251464903354645,
0.11352996528148651,
0.12371215969324112,
0.1860988587141037,
0.12935027480125427,
-0.02084960974752903,
-0.007953643798828125,
0.30296555161476135,
-0.11754455417394638,
0.2813430726528168,
-0.01248016394674778,
0.12694129347801208,
0.49853515625,
-0.07687606662511826,
-0.1373748779296875,
-0.2857299745082855,
-0.2802368104457855,
-0.13726195693016052,
-0.0031330108176916838,
0.09654559940099716,
-0.001285552978515625,
-0.018764495849609375,
0.563037097454071,
-0.0545964241027832,
0.17254027724266052,
0.22012940049171448,
-0.025151824578642845,
-0.13283081352710724,
-0.22572021186351776,
0.09944839775562286,
0.21797028183937073,
-0.014462471008300781,
0.3168579041957855,
-0.08575286716222763,
0.055206298828125,
0.08752288669347763,
0.22807006537914276,
0.3346313536167145,
0.2644592225551605,
-0.27875977754592896,
-0.06847076117992401,
-0.029970359057188034,
0.06014518812298775,
0.21291503310203552,
-0.19512939453125,
0.7034667730331421,
-0.05316600948572159,
-0.07325439155101776,
0.604418933391571,
-0.28523558378219604,
0.438720703125,
-0.09662780910730362,
0.18538208305835724,
-0.022566985338926315,
0.5510498285293579,
0.10893545299768448,
0.14839935302734375,
0.01361007709056139,
-0.2675414979457855,
0.1904045045375824,
0.610058605670929,
0.22246703505516052,
-0.8177734613418579,
0.49995118379592896,
-0.19820556044578552,
0.10421142727136612,
-0.2215576171875,
-0.2052459716796875,
0.32607728242874146,
0.22716064751148224,
-0.227783203125,
-0.552197277545929,
0.08158187568187714,
-0.07614479213953018,
0.3559814393520355,
0.026292037218809128,
-0.3476928770542145,
-0.38074952363967896,
-0.17498779296875,
0.2606262266635895,
-0.13700255751609802,
0.2055099457502365,
-0.05139770358800888,
-0.22382202744483948,
-0.9906250238418579,
0.201019287109375,
0.12977294623851776,
-0.34697264432907104,
-0.09526824951171875,
0.2828613221645355,
0.170603945851326,
0.549755871295929,
-0.043384552001953125,
0.6832031011581421,
0.48320311307907104,
0.32158201932907104,
0.20527343451976776,
0.634472668170929,
0.644580066204071,
0.07135925441980362,
0.09231872856616974,
0.18531493842601776,
-0.09739074856042862,
0.12941284477710724,
-0.25899046659469604,
-0.02986297570168972,
-0.044470977038145065,
-0.012269878759980202,
0.6379150152206421,
0.08004951477050781,
0.29082030057907104,
0.17099609971046448,
0.33330076932907104,
0.17724609375,
0.36534422636032104,
-0.148590087890625,
0.07537078857421875,
-0.12385864555835724,
0.2756591737270355,
0.189117431640625,
-0.1366737335920334,
0.4288330078125,
0.13632507622241974,
0.08655395358800888,
-0.3547729551792145,
0.725341796875,
0.31317138671875,
-0.03621063381433487,
-0.08210448920726776,
0.22664794325828552,
0.5169677734375,
0.07372741401195526,
0.597705066204071,
0.4551025331020355,
-0.27344971895217896,
-0.00717239361256361,
0.13806457817554474,
0.1976318359375,
-0.2824951112270355,
0.19635009765625,
0.06879272311925888,
-0.05228271335363388,
0.0004524230898823589,
0.15393371880054474,
0.018514251336455345,
0.19101563096046448,
0.3553710877895355,
-0.04850006103515625,
-0.21218566596508026,
0.617504894733429,
0.33189696073532104,
0.09307937324047089,
0.22016601264476776,
-0.16932372748851776,
-0.21376952528953552,
-0.011326598934829235,
-0.14599303901195526,
0.3789611756801605,
-0.3037353456020355,
0.2851318418979645,
0.13599243760108948,
-0.36149901151657104,
0.10393981635570526,
-0.16077271103858948,
0.22629395127296448,
0.135650634765625,
0.32294923067092896,
-0.34746092557907104,
0.18531493842601776,
0.22301025688648224,
-0.39431458711624146,
0.20692138373851776,
0.6671386957168579,
-0.24932861328125,
-0.0017135620582848787,
-0.048162270337343216,
0.10234680026769638,
0.01877136155962944,
0.1126708984375,
-0.2815795838832855,
-0.17207641899585724,
0.20822754502296448,
-0.24201659858226776,
0.4908386170864105,
-0.273834228515625,
-0.50927734375,
0.26263427734375,
0.24219664931297302,
-0.18779906630516052,
0.03452301025390625,
-0.29816895723342896,
-0.12214355170726776,
-0.39647215604782104,
-0.03333854675292969,
0.26408082246780396,
-0.25770264863967896,
0.34331053495407104,
-0.176493838429451,
-0.5280517339706421,
0.22017212212085724,
0.18030281364917755,
0.010105133056640625,
-0.14119872450828552,
-0.28020018339157104,
0.15569153428077698,
0.17719116806983948,
-0.3150085508823395,
-0.11412658542394638,
0.13292542099952698,
0.4936767518520355,
-0.30877685546875,
0.4454589784145355,
0.02085113525390625,
-0.196990966796875,
-0.10286559909582138,
-0.0865936279296875,
0.1571044921875,
0.7049804925918579,
0.40363770723342896,
-0.2454833984375,
0.2803955078125,
-0.00741653423756361,
-0.09644470363855362,
-0.0084381103515625,
0.19151000678539276,
0.41673582792282104,
0.12489624321460724,
0.21873779594898224,
0.18709106743335724,
-0.13319969177246094,
-0.10299377143383026,
-0.024318695068359375,
0.3474365174770355,
0.38984376192092896,
0.2841796875,
-0.06432533264160156,
-0.2799438536167145,
0.10487441718578339,
0.08372803032398224,
-0.28559571504592896,
0.04153900220990181,
-0.30931395292282104,
0.11657796055078506,
-0.527270495891571,
0.5987548828125,
0.36436766386032104,
0.16818085312843323,
-0.26116943359375,
-0.31403809785842896,
0.028807222843170166,
0.4712890684604645,
-0.3094482421875,
-0.12816771864891052,
-0.4163574278354645,
-0.23937377333641052,
0.3919921815395355,
0.44465333223342896,
0.07885055243968964,
-0.33582764863967896,
0.16895142197608948,
0.19171753525733948,
0.167266845703125,
-0.28065186738967896,
0.21077880263328552,
-0.0826452225446701,
0.850781261920929,
-0.1981201171875,
0.18524169921875,
0.33302611112594604,
-0.1857280731201172,
0.07433166354894638,
0.21116332709789276,
0.40754395723342896,
0.11706428229808807,
-0.05798644945025444,
0.34339600801467896,
-0.22389526665210724,
-0.08746948093175888,
-0.09317169338464737,
0.300048828125,
0.17467650771141052,
0.2345329225063324,
-0.10177002102136612,
0.749072253704071,
0.20919188857078552,
-0.13027039170265198,
-0.16599731147289276,
-0.45654296875,
-0.12341003119945526,
0.4081787168979645,
-0.3994995057582855,
0.25067138671875,
-0.2988525331020355,
0.35546875,
0.18311157822608948,
0.6141357421875,
0.33024901151657104,
-0.18964843451976776,
-0.08855438232421875,
0.12363281100988388,
0.12040557712316513,
0.2806457579135895,
0.538159191608429,
0.19434508681297302,
-0.271340936422348,
-0.38963621854782104,
0.13449707627296448,
0.12103271484375,
0.16780701279640198,
0.42039793729782104,
0.11932983249425888,
0.0991237610578537,
-0.04486556723713875,
0.4281005859375,
-0.2530151307582855,
0.19880981743335724,
-0.1942138671875,
-0.3954834043979645,
0.2508606016635895,
0.15221858024597168,
-0.38880616426467896,
0.10170898586511612,
0.37531739473342896,
0.2535766661167145,
-0.20451660454273224,
0.21535643935203552,
0.20787353813648224,
-0.15425720810890198,
-0.3605712950229645,
0.24426575005054474,
0.03348541259765625,
-0.15235595405101776,
0.3545898497104645,
-0.12352295219898224,
0.24219360947608948,
-0.17113037407398224,
0.015592193230986595,
0.088592529296875,
0.006960010621696711,
-0.4612793028354645,
-0.0033218383323401213,
0.42070311307907104,
0.367431640625,
0.6346191167831421,
0.09940719604492188,
0.18307343125343323,
0.5763183832168579,
0.18596801161766052,
-0.0572146400809288,
-0.11583556979894638,
-0.03686218336224556,
-0.023975467309355736,
0.3136352598667145,
0.18414917588233948,
-0.26823729276657104,
0.094024658203125,
-0.02361755445599556,
0.3894287049770355,
-0.572265625,
-0.20770263671875,
0.00591278076171875,
-0.046167850494384766,
-0.03967437893152237,
0.16902466118335724,
-0.13400420546531677,
0.3790283203125,
0.25372314453125,
0.21489258110523224,
0.091827392578125,
4.208788871765137,
0.40214842557907104,
0.09935303032398224,
-0.18355712294578552,
-0.0644298568367958,
0.5426269769668579,
0.40947264432907104,
-0.6051269769668579,
0.3273681700229645,
-0.10854492336511612,
0.12139892578125,
0.27521973848342896,
0.11832275241613388,
0.08647461235523224,
0.21518555283546448,
0.32581788301467896,
0.560864269733429,
0.3585205078125,
0.04937896877527237,
0.10900421440601349,
-0.3972412049770355,
0.35626220703125,
0.415283203125,
0.35603028535842896,
0.39909666776657104,
-0.07348327338695526,
0.19866943359375,
-0.18907471001148224,
0.080230712890625,
0.47412109375,
0.22318115830421448,
0.09838714450597763,
0.25673216581344604,
0.123560331761837,
-0.943603515625,
0.5875488519668579,
0.42976075410842896,
-0.06758193671703339,
-0.2536254823207855,
0.10461120307445526,
-0.11407013237476349,
0.16226807236671448,
0.26565855741500854,
0.36652833223342896,
0.27370911836624146,
-0.025400543585419655,
0.02136840857565403,
0.37158203125,
0.3364807069301605,
0.48127442598342896,
0.05548896640539169,
0.13764038681983948,
0.07586479187011719,
0.19523926079273224,
0.24827881157398224,
0.3528808653354645,
0.47614747285842896,
0.13207092881202698,
0.14759521186351776,
-0.08525428920984268,
0.1878957748413086,
-0.012605667114257812,
0.6656738519668579,
-0.212158203125,
0.0035858154296875,
-0.11122894287109375,
-0.03909950330853462,
0.1657760590314865,
0.15909728407859802,
-0.23869018256664276,
0.586865246295929,
0.34178465604782104,
0.08201293647289276,
-0.257080078125,
-0.1396942138671875,
-0.07406006008386612,
-0.5919189453125,
-0.21452637016773224,
0.14182892441749573,
0.03210144117474556,
-0.21806029975414276,
-0.046538542956113815,
0.27497559785842896,
0.26984864473342896,
0.130096435546875,
0.584179699420929,
0.01030807476490736,
0.012255859561264515,
0.3387207090854645,
-0.020745564252138138,
0.19417724013328552,
-0.16481323540210724,
0.388671875,
0.33610838651657104,
0.21737365424633026,
-0.026851749047636986,
0.32666015625,
-4.007421970367432,
-0.02217254601418972,
0.34210205078125,
-0.26469117403030396,
0.117156982421875,
-0.20241089165210724,
-0.10505370795726776,
0.513500988483429,
-0.24553222954273224,
0.101593017578125,
0.03017578087747097,
0.02214202843606472,
-0.0881805419921875,
-0.23669929802417755,
0.13874511420726776,
0.07971267402172089,
0.23874512314796448,
-0.011191939935088158,
0.46525877714157104,
-0.07480774074792862,
-0.08849792182445526,
0.575512707233429,
0.2369537353515625,
-0.45458984375,
0.22224120795726776,
-0.12372283637523651,
0.10980033874511719,
-0.42780762910842896,
-0.056877899914979935,
-0.06537055969238281,
-0.03040008619427681,
0.04642333835363388,
0.7181640863418579,
-0.216949462890625,
0.03637733310461044,
0.1829833984375,
0.3304809629917145,
0.00505752582103014,
0.3260742127895355,
0.30799561738967896,
0.12072715908288956,
-0.02610320970416069,
0.20926514267921448,
-0.2600463926792145,
0.152313232421875,
0.13090209662914276,
-0.14599914848804474,
-0.03242339938879013,
-0.11195679008960724,
0.12447509914636612,
0.18863525986671448,
0.37749022245407104,
-0.22611084580421448,
-0.07583312690258026,
0.5533202886581421,
-0.12137985229492188,
0.08927764743566513,
0.11569690704345703,
-0.030685042962431908,
0.26743775606155396,
0.02097034454345703,
-0.22139015793800354,
-0.00869207363575697,
-0.22664642333984375,
-0.03689686208963394,
-0.15412597358226776,
0.2252197265625,
0.24302521347999573,
0.07033386081457138,
-0.518237292766571,
0.32404786348342896,
0.13840942084789276,
0.28001707792282104,
0.17979736626148224,
-0.04726715013384819,
0.10307922214269638,
-0.014734077267348766,
0.022347737103700638,
0.854296863079071,
0.09821338951587677,
-0.08279342949390411,
0.058971405029296875,
-0.2832397520542145,
0.16423797607421875,
2.7144532203674316,
0.2572875916957855,
2.110546827316284,
0.37739259004592896,
0.05095481872558594,
0.4472900331020355,
-0.31322020292282104,
-0.10617180168628693,
0.012813335284590721,
0.2790771424770355,
-0.06508807837963104,
0.30467528104782104,
0.16224098205566406,
0.14313355088233948,
0.06581217795610428,
0.03188285976648331,
0.2862548828125,
-0.935302734375,
0.28541260957717896,
-0.26678466796875,
0.5362304449081421,
-0.22276917099952698,
0.02007293701171875,
0.899218738079071,
-0.07428588718175888,
-0.1338043212890625,
-0.6109374761581421,
-0.11677398532629013,
-0.13676604628562927,
-0.07128830254077911,
0.219451904296875,
0.30491942167282104,
0.4814453125,
0.4933837950229645,
-0.10342101752758026,
-0.09896697849035263,
0.16899414360523224,
4.701562404632568,
-0.374612420797348,
-0.02552032470703125,
-0.12420044094324112,
-0.28483277559280396,
-0.190754696726799,
0.37983399629592896,
-0.12531737983226776,
-0.10755004733800888,
-0.03034515306353569,
0.3131164610385895,
0.02695007249712944,
0.24083252251148224,
-0.24669495224952698,
-0.06937561184167862,
0.40412598848342896,
-0.26539307832717896,
0.07138366997241974,
0.4753662049770355,
-0.09880218654870987,
0.33549803495407104,
0.30096435546875,
0.475341796875,
-0.08279190212488174,
-0.049279022961854935,
0.24348144233226776,
0.09001769870519638,
-0.09498901665210724,
-0.007977294735610485,
0.47770994901657104,
0.31903076171875,
5.494140625,
0.29560548067092896,
0.17890778183937073,
-0.15155640244483948,
-0.06630249321460724,
0.2763732969760895,
-0.06485672295093536,
-0.25236815214157104,
-0.13343505561351776,
-0.27055662870407104,
0.06610946357250214,
-0.12904605269432068,
-0.14302977919578552,
0.618945300579071,
0.07843627780675888,
0.259307861328125,
-0.2569580078125,
-0.06384696811437607,
-0.06551642715930939,
0.053412627428770065,
0.510546863079071,
0.222850039601326,
0.3578247129917145,
-0.342254638671875,
-0.029777145013213158,
-0.36387938261032104,
0.05798187106847763,
0.30880433320999146,
-0.21223144233226776,
0.10506133735179901,
0.11425323784351349,
0.2043304443359375,
-0.24146118760108948,
0.6923828125,
-0.49357908964157104,
-0.08092956244945526,
0.4866943359375,
0.23810425400733948,
0.24101562798023224,
-0.19224396347999573,
0.06712417304515839,
0.43852537870407104,
-0.00816359557211399,
-0.10773315280675888,
0.23602294921875,
0.0633358508348465,
-0.042923737317323685,
0.08646545559167862,
-0.0028938292525708675,
-0.1420440673828125,
0.1334129273891449,
0.21452942490577698,
0.9317871332168579,
0.11285705864429474,
0.09704284369945526,
0.39494627714157104,
-0.15510253608226776,
-0.19674071669578552,
0.2374267578125,
-0.2703002989292145,
0.4353271424770355,
0.09963379055261612,
-0.2733520567417145,
0.3437255918979645,
0.29578858613967896,
0.2858032286167145,
0.24300232529640198,
-0.07677306979894638,
0.46564942598342896,
-0.020606542006134987,
-0.059593964368104935,
-0.022873306646943092,
-0.06618652492761612,
0.35615235567092896,
-0.012576294131577015,
0.311553955078125,
-0.0034587860573083162,
-0.172027587890625,
0.4483886659145355,
0.1430206298828125,
-0.3733154237270355,
0.11295242607593536,
-0.5512450933456421,
0.0176849365234375,
0.11416015774011612,
-0.06291885673999786,
-0.08525390923023224,
0.2968383729457855,
0.04567088931798935,
0.37939453125,
0.3312744200229645,
-0.002349853515625,
0.19141845405101776,
0.5051513910293579,
-0.6333252191543579,
-0.22062377631664276,
0.18804320693016052,
0.4238647520542145,
-0.2701049745082855,
0.2099609375,
0.06961965560913086,
0.35279542207717896,
0.38593751192092896,
-0.16459044814109802,
0.20348510146141052,
0.26458740234375,
0.460968017578125,
-0.08560027927160263,
0.09037723392248154,
0.543896496295929,
0.46210938692092896,
-0.17479248344898224,
0.16979674994945526,
0.24836425483226776,
0.23322753608226776
] |
2103
|
What is Long-term memory?
|
[
{
"docid": "40618504#7",
"text": "There are three main types of memories: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory in short is the ability to hold sensory information for a short period of time, for example looking at an object and being able to remember what it looked like moments after. Short-term memory is memory that allows a person to recall a short period of time; this can be a few seconds to a minute. Short-term memory allows people to remember what happened during that short time span without actually practicing the memory. Long-term memory has a much larger capacity than the prior two and actually stores information from both these types of memories to create a long lasting and large memory. Long-term memory is the largest target for research involving selective memory erasure.",
"title": "Memory erasure"
},
{
"docid": "31217535#12",
"text": "While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, \"which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where. With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings.",
"title": "Memory"
},
{
"docid": "31217535#13",
"text": "Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential (for learning new information) to the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory, although it does not seem to store information itself. It was thought that without the hippocampus new memories were unable to be stored into long-term memory and that there would be a very short attention span, as first gleaned from patient Henry Molaison after what was thought to be the full removal of both his hippocampi. More recent examination of his brain, post-mortem, shows that the hippocampus was more intact than first thought, throwing theories drawn from the initial data into question. The hippocampus may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning.",
"title": "Memory"
},
{
"docid": "10974486#6",
"text": "In contrast to the short-term memory, long-term memory refers to the ability to hold information for a prolonged time and is possibly the most complex component of the human memory system. The Atkinson–Shiffrin model of memory (Atkinson 1968) suggests that the items stored in short-term memory moves to long-term memory through repeated practice and use. Long-term storage may be similar to learning—the process by which information that may be needed again is stored for recall on demand. The process of locating this information and bringing it back to working memory is called retrieval. This knowledge that is easily recalled is explicit knowledge, whereas most long-term memory is implicit knowledge and is not readily retrievable. Scientists speculate that the hippocampus is involved in the creation of long-term memory. It is unclear where long-term memory is stored, although there is evidence depicting long-term memory is stored in various parts of the nervous system. Long-term memory is permanent. Memory can be recalled, which, according to the dual-store memory search model, enhances the long-term memory. Forgetting may occur when the memory fails to be recalled on later occasions.",
"title": "Storage (memory)"
},
{
"docid": "509678#21",
"text": "The neuroscientist Donald Hebb (1904–1985) was the first to distinguish between short-term memory and long-term memory. According to current theories in neuroscience, things that we \"notice\" are stored in short-term memory for up to a few minutes; this memory depends on \"reverberating\" electrical activity in neuronal circuits, and is very easily destroyed by interruption or interference. Memories stored for longer than this are stored in \"long-term memory\". Whether information is stored in long-term memory depends on its \"importance\"; for any animal, memories of traumatic events are potentially important for the adaptive value that they have for future avoidance behavior, and hormones that are released during stress have a role in determining what memories are preserved. In humans, traumatic stress is associated with acute secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline) from the adrenal medulla and cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Increases in these facilitate memory, but chronic stress associated with prolonged hypersecretion of cortisol may have the opposite effect. The limbic system is involved in memory storage and retrieval as well as giving emotional significance to sensory inputs. Within the limbic system, the hippocampus is important for explicit memory, and for memory consolidation; it is also sensitive to stress hormones, and has a role in recording the emotions of a stressful event. The amygdala may be particularly important in assigning emotional values to sensory inputs.",
"title": "Repressed memory"
},
{
"docid": "33912#6",
"text": "Anders Ericsson and Walter Kintsch have introduced the notion of \"long-term working memory\", which they define as a set of \"retrieval structures\" in long-term memory that enable seamless access to the information relevant for everyday tasks. In this way, parts of long-term memory effectively function as working memory. In a similar vein, Cowan does not regard working memory as a separate system from long-term memory. Representations in working memory are a subset of representations in long-term memory. Working memory is organized into two embedded levels. The first consists of long-term memory representations that are activated. There can be many of these—there is theoretically no limit to the activation of representations in long-term memory. The second level is called the focus of attention. The focus is regarded as having a limited capacity and holds up to four of the activated representations.",
"title": "Working memory"
},
{
"docid": "2060821#2",
"text": "Memory is divided into voluntary (conscious) and involuntary (unconscious) processes that function independently of each other. Theories and research on memory dates back to Hermann Ebbinghaus, who began studying nonsense syllables. Ebbinghaus classified three distinct classes of memory: sensory, short term, and long-term memory. Sensory memory is made up of a brief storage of information within a specific medium (the line you see after waving a sparkler in your field of vision is created by sensory memory). Short term memory is made up of the information currently in use to complete the task at hand. Long term memory is composed of the systems used to store memory over long periods. It enables one to remember what happened two days ago at noon, or who called last night.",
"title": "Flashback (psychology)"
},
{
"docid": "2060821#13",
"text": "Memory has typically been divided into sensory, short term, and long term processes. According to Rasmuseen & Berntsen, 2009, \"long-term memory processes may form the core of spontaneous thought\". Thus the memory process most related to flashbacks is long term memory. As well, studies by Rasmuseen & Berntsen, 2009, have shown that long term memory is also susceptible to extraneous factors such as recency effect, arousal and rehearsal as it pertains to accessibility. Compared to voluntary memories, involuntary memories show shorter retrieval times and little cognitive effort. Finally, involuntary memories arise due to automatic processing, which does not rely on higher-order cognitive monitoring, or executive control processing. Voluntary memory is normally associated with contextual information, which is what allows for correspondence between time and place, this is not true of flashbacks. According to Brewin, Lanius et, al, 2009, flashbacks, are disconnected from contextual information, and as a result are disconnected from time and place.",
"title": "Flashback (psychology)"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "40618504#8",
"text": "Within long-term memory there are also different types of long-term memories. Implicit memory is one type of long-term memory that is generally described as the ability to remember how to use objects or specific movements of the body (e.g. using a hammer). Another type of long-term memory, explicit memory, refers to memories that can be consciously drawn upon by a person to remember. Explicit memory can be split into further subcategories, one being episodic memory, which is the memory of specific events and the information surrounding it, as well as semantic memory, which is the ability to remember factual information (e.g. what numbers mean).",
"title": "Memory erasure"
},
{
"docid": "17995#3",
"text": "In 1974 Baddeley and Hitch proposed an alternative theory of short-term memory: Baddeley's model of working memory. According to this theory, short-term memory is divided into different slave systems for different types of input items, and there is an executive control supervising what items enter and exit those systems. The slave systems include the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial sketchpad, and the episodic buffer (later added by Baddeley).",
"title": "Long-term memory"
}
] |
[
0.4560546875,
-0.24658754467964172,
-0.1040276437997818,
0.4195963442325592,
0.2334119975566864,
-0.03863525390625,
0.3998209536075592,
-0.322265625,
0.1398400217294693,
0.3614501953125,
-0.7958984375,
-0.1353742778301239,
-0.0715705007314682,
0.2596299946308136,
-0.3044026792049408,
-0.1481526643037796,
0.2842339277267456,
-0.1388261616230011,
0.0764872208237648,
0.1413099467754364,
-0.0538397878408432,
0.2636854350566864,
0.0549587681889534,
0.1469997763633728,
0.044045764952898026,
0.1892157644033432,
-0.352783203125,
0.2223714143037796,
0.3301425576210022,
0.5088433027267456,
0.1820102334022522,
-0.03599463403224945,
-0.1880900114774704,
0.3561197817325592,
-0.2516275942325592,
0.3969862163066864,
0.2649468183517456,
-0.1647474467754364,
0.0218539759516716,
0.4716254472732544,
0.281494140625,
0.0859290212392807,
-0.0801137313246727,
0.046649932861328125,
0.5477973222732544,
0.10817665606737137,
0.3510335385799408,
0.0161319300532341,
0.06765450537204742,
-0.3049452006816864,
-0.419677734375,
0.3157518208026886,
-0.2783609926700592,
-0.1163804829120636,
-0.6585557460784912,
0.3288845419883728,
0.1876865029335022,
0.2424485981464386,
-0.08733537793159485,
-0.25994873046875,
0.2437879741191864,
-0.1021321639418602,
-0.23162841796875,
-0.1806979775428772,
0.2568901777267456,
0.1718885600566864,
-0.1902872771024704,
0.24932861328125,
0.1091206893324852,
-0.0083906389772892,
0.07107649743556976,
0.531982421875,
0.5764702558517456,
0.2236328125,
0.2756618857383728,
0.1863538920879364,
0.10114458203315735,
-0.3333469033241272,
0.3765190839767456,
-0.0886671245098114,
0.0428670234978199,
-0.1279076486825943,
0.030866093933582306,
0.6039496660232544,
-0.3537868857383728,
0.1780666708946228,
0.07875315099954605,
0.13720703125,
-0.12690989673137665,
0.514404296875,
-0.3457302451133728,
0.0627610981464386,
0.2381252646446228,
0.3321804404258728,
0.07241567224264145,
-0.021812863647937775,
0.2712673544883728,
-0.3280978798866272,
0.0862528458237648,
-0.0419328473508358,
-0.2640296220779419,
-0.1545274555683136,
-0.07923635095357895,
0.1241777241230011,
0.3165418803691864,
-0.3076985776424408,
-0.2193671315908432,
-0.4047580361366272,
0.2471093088388443,
0.3758138120174408,
0.1487799733877182,
-0.1416151225566864,
0.22584110498428345,
-0.1786058247089386,
0.1621517539024353,
0.33203125,
0.0446438267827034,
-0.0838148295879364,
-0.36633723974227905,
-0.7808701992034912,
0.1923082172870636,
0.17498779296875,
-0.2336086630821228,
-0.2597724199295044,
-0.0271013043820858,
-0.3487684428691864,
0.6396484375,
0.01515832170844078,
0.5895182490348816,
0.7449001669883728,
0.2431708425283432,
0.5093587040901184,
0.3597954511642456,
0.583251953125,
0.5168185830116272,
0.20800526440143585,
0.3104654848575592,
-0.1012861430644989,
-0.1911553293466568,
-0.3666720986366272,
0.09905200451612473,
-0.2131517231464386,
0.2697618305683136,
0.3343370258808136,
0.3261989951133728,
0.2610677182674408,
-0.1716545969247818,
0.4932454526424408,
0.2126871794462204,
0.0733879953622818,
-0.0019175211200490594,
0.4776746928691864,
-0.0871124267578125,
0.6025661826133728,
0.2467990517616272,
0.4118381142616272,
0.9180229902267456,
0.2292955219745636,
-0.05130259320139885,
0.2387424111366272,
0.704833984375,
0.3127712607383728,
0.3354220986366272,
-0.1057332381606102,
0.2730678915977478,
0.09156613796949387,
-0.3013644814491272,
0.3793538510799408,
0.5530598759651184,
-0.1999240517616272,
-0.4283311665058136,
-0.0923529714345932,
0.3030937910079956,
-0.2143622487783432,
0.0655737966299057,
0.1788703054189682,
0.023960033431649208,
0.1687249094247818,
0.0365007184445858,
-0.15411376953125,
0.15127182006835938,
0.0310228131711483,
0.1270277202129364,
-0.009348551742732525,
0.5538194179534912,
-0.1218465194106102,
-0.1334143728017807,
0.6168891191482544,
-0.3330078125,
0.3438178300857544,
0.12978512048721313,
0.0483669713139534,
0.3948025107383728,
-0.01835038885474205,
0.3242865800857544,
0.30010986328125,
-0.3946940004825592,
0.3354898989200592,
-0.1941901296377182,
0.2479654997587204,
-0.10703563690185547,
0.6850043535232544,
-0.4774848222732544,
0.06112957000732422,
0.4003227949142456,
-0.4369032084941864,
-0.02626631036400795,
0.3020561933517456,
-0.13880665600299835,
0.0322333425283432,
0.20775264501571655,
0.1017693430185318,
0.1565348356962204,
-0.2086588591337204,
-0.2174716591835022,
0.0579054094851017,
-0.1738264262676239,
0.3214653730392456,
0.3848368227481842,
0.3018120527267456,
-0.0860053151845932,
0.2296278178691864,
0.09841065853834152,
-0.0393846295773983,
-0.02605719119310379,
-0.3161417543888092,
0.2164442241191864,
-0.7578667402267456,
0.05865478515625,
0.3270128071308136,
0.0906304270029068,
-0.4095662534236908,
0.2151014506816864,
-0.4938422441482544,
0.4961208701133728,
0.2191704660654068,
0.2937486469745636,
0.0437571220099926,
-0.00024922689772211015,
-0.17425495386123657,
0.1387464702129364,
-0.11730914562940598,
-0.2045627236366272,
-0.5378960371017456,
0.3280978798866272,
-0.07371775060892105,
0.281158447265625,
-0.0992058664560318,
-0.1510009765625,
-0.1283755898475647,
0.1369272917509079,
-0.2926160991191864,
0.11518806964159012,
0.2916124165058136,
-0.027999592944979668,
0.4418402910232544,
0.2427978515625,
-0.2995063066482544,
0.1595509797334671,
0.1515706330537796,
0.4364963173866272,
0.3727756142616272,
0.2471584677696228,
0.06826114654541016,
0.6255967617034912,
-0.2395392507314682,
0.3639051616191864,
0.4302842915058136,
-0.1737297922372818,
0.1479865163564682,
0.2857666015625,
0.05810546875,
0.1188184916973114,
0.19335979223251343,
-0.2331949919462204,
-0.15966796875,
0.4807400107383728,
0.256591796875,
-0.5459255576133728,
0.196502685546875,
0.2540554404258728,
-0.0384284108877182,
-0.1304592490196228,
-0.25592041015625,
0.1898668110370636,
0.0579800084233284,
-0.5329318642616272,
-0.13574981689453125,
-0.1847873330116272,
-0.2375352680683136,
0.3152804970741272,
0.5036892294883728,
-0.1837293803691864,
-0.4238823652267456,
0.1018456369638443,
0.2719997763633728,
0.1894395649433136,
0.13348388671875,
0.2133043110370636,
-0.2472195029258728,
0.7559678554534912,
-0.4155002236366272,
0.3420952558517456,
0.4492323100566864,
0.1385955810546875,
-0.2452935129404068,
-0.526123046875,
0.3918050229549408,
-0.1857774555683136,
0.02390119805932045,
0.27651384472846985,
0.03869014233350754,
-0.1658223420381546,
0.57177734375,
0.2565104067325592,
0.3792453408241272,
0.19277361035346985,
-0.05607689917087555,
0.1208258718252182,
0.1370510458946228,
-0.1990475058555603,
-0.039346057921648026,
-0.3418239951133728,
-0.2465582937002182,
0.3243001401424408,
-0.4488389790058136,
0.60400390625,
-0.4931098222732544,
0.21495479345321655,
0.0660603865981102,
0.0470038503408432,
-0.0611436627805233,
0.0054567125625908375,
0.169158935546875,
-0.00602043978869915,
0.1923421174287796,
-0.4221733808517456,
0.5973849892616272,
0.0369279645383358,
-0.0727640762925148,
0.0713467076420784,
0.03638458251953125,
0.04560746252536774,
0.3687608540058136,
-0.1679857075214386,
0.0026838514022529125,
0.12835608422756195,
0.1963772177696228,
0.4219292402267456,
-0.1310221403837204,
0.2058308869600296,
0.2752143144607544,
0.2424587607383728,
-0.2831760048866272,
0.196533203125,
-0.4370659589767456,
0.02493964321911335,
0.4818250834941864,
0.23760434985160828,
-0.2900119423866272,
0.2232801616191864,
0.3614230751991272,
0.2453206330537796,
-0.2898763120174408,
0.4141438901424408,
-0.1406317800283432,
-0.0794423446059227,
-0.01986016146838665,
0.1932271271944046,
0.328125,
-0.0922817662358284,
-0.1490393728017807,
-0.0718960240483284,
-0.1497531533241272,
-0.4169921875,
-0.2712266743183136,
-0.0167371965944767,
-0.0725335031747818,
0.3668348491191864,
0.3249647319316864,
0.0303056500852108,
0.5655110478401184,
0.20966042578220367,
-0.04739125445485115,
0.2036844938993454,
0.0982530415058136,
-0.4102918803691864,
0.1091783344745636,
-0.1777750700712204,
-0.2106865793466568,
-0.0851949080824852,
-0.0811394602060318,
0.5494655966758728,
-0.0913967564702034,
-0.2891506552696228,
-0.2396375834941864,
-0.5244140625,
0.419677734375,
0.1290961354970932,
-0.2053917795419693,
-0.0377858467400074,
0.2669677734375,
0.4208170473575592,
0.32861328125,
4.173177242279053,
0.0636545792222023,
-0.04316287487745285,
0.1330973356962204,
-0.0941450297832489,
-0.2057902067899704,
0.1946156769990921,
-0.1832341104745865,
-0.01048872247338295,
-0.1562771201133728,
0.10127173364162445,
0.06429057568311691,
-0.019118202850222588,
0.6602647304534912,
-0.0609063059091568,
0.3045247495174408,
0.2093098908662796,
0.4072604775428772,
0.3456352949142456,
0.5535210371017456,
-0.3989529013633728,
0.7445204257965088,
0.13461218774318695,
-0.3267194926738739,
0.3826090395450592,
0.1895684152841568,
0.0061170789413154125,
0.2074517160654068,
0.2356363981962204,
0.2913953959941864,
0.424560546875,
0.23016357421875,
0.18018211424350739,
0.06494140625,
-0.6289333701133728,
0.4292534589767456,
0.17472097277641296,
-0.00005425347262644209,
-0.0295850969851017,
0.1762559711933136,
-0.3807237446308136,
-0.09985669702291489,
0.4055582582950592,
0.5931532382965088,
0.2361111044883728,
-0.2001885324716568,
0.1484324187040329,
0.50146484375,
0.3206787109375,
0.3376329243183136,
-0.0755072683095932,
0.3148600161075592,
0.3675537109375,
-0.0731777623295784,
0.5289713740348816,
0.6120876669883728,
0.2065972238779068,
0.4024522602558136,
-0.2907579243183136,
-0.0840623676776886,
-0.1172163188457489,
-0.10748545080423355,
0.4583875834941864,
0.033529069274663925,
-0.3732367753982544,
-0.1892717182636261,
-0.171661376953125,
0.5151638388633728,
0.02515411376953125,
-0.266357421875,
0.3203328549861908,
0.4099392294883728,
-0.0537329763174057,
-0.6110026240348816,
-0.03877003863453865,
0.1151038259267807,
-0.4031304121017456,
0.2719794511795044,
0.0252397321164608,
0.006815857253968716,
0.2849527895450592,
-0.0544467493891716,
-0.0186284389346838,
0.3412272036075592,
-0.0325334332883358,
0.47802734375,
0.0345916748046875,
-0.3358629047870636,
0.3256022036075592,
-0.009699172340333462,
0.08144208788871765,
0.1127692312002182,
0.1396246999502182,
-0.22986602783203125,
0.3323025107383728,
-0.047934744507074356,
-0.3122422993183136,
-4.003255367279053,
0.2216525673866272,
0.0744188129901886,
-0.2677680253982544,
0.019133249297738075,
0.3630913496017456,
-0.1022610142827034,
0.2200893759727478,
-0.3696831464767456,
-0.1058586984872818,
-0.4559461772441864,
-0.0456712506711483,
0.0682101771235466,
0.3681640625,
0.1120181605219841,
0.1621670126914978,
0.4542643129825592,
0.03804021328687668,
0.0308685302734375,
-0.14250479638576508,
0.07889556884765625,
0.029638661071658134,
0.5648057460784912,
-0.2159830778837204,
0.1275160014629364,
0.2112155556678772,
0.1373935341835022,
-0.1859453022480011,
0.4857856035232544,
0.3334825336933136,
-0.058483123779296875,
-0.1201816126704216,
0.3963758647441864,
-0.1313442587852478,
0.07408014684915543,
0.3080512285232544,
0.1856892853975296,
0.0476786307990551,
0.07925086468458176,
0.4925943911075592,
-0.2664523720741272,
-0.0054066977463662624,
0.5048285722732544,
0.1153530552983284,
0.1054721400141716,
0.2572699785232544,
-0.1870829313993454,
0.1544748991727829,
0.09029976278543472,
-0.03639306128025055,
0.1170416921377182,
0.6876627802848816,
-0.1668904572725296,
0.05083465576171875,
0.4930284321308136,
-0.009289635345339775,
0.1513044536113739,
-0.05611928179860115,
0.1871219277381897,
0.2080586701631546,
0.2822469174861908,
-0.1592271625995636,
0.2705349326133728,
-0.014606052078306675,
0.2622205913066864,
-0.3750542402267456,
0.3403862714767456,
0.1191338449716568,
0.2625868022441864,
-0.3019273579120636,
0.4795464277267456,
0.0740017369389534,
0.06108665466308594,
-0.1124335378408432,
0.1373630166053772,
0.4248046875,
-0.2380167692899704,
0.0048531424254179,
0.3406846821308136,
0.19315549731254578,
-0.0741848424077034,
-0.0019522772636264563,
-0.4266493022441864,
0.1311916708946228,
2.498046875,
0.167999267578125,
2.2414278984069824,
0.5098198652267456,
-0.4577365517616272,
0.2589111328125,
-0.2395155131816864,
-0.0953691303730011,
0.035376206040382385,
0.023477129638195038,
-0.1837971955537796,
0.1229688823223114,
-0.1986117959022522,
-0.0608418770134449,
0.0824873149394989,
-0.0751207172870636,
0.4120551347732544,
-1.0657552480697632,
-0.3040025532245636,
0.2013871967792511,
0.2786186933517456,
0.05967457965016365,
0.3056911826133728,
-0.11840014904737473,
0.441650390625,
0.1335059255361557,
-0.2104220986366272,
-0.07466867566108704,
-0.0746036097407341,
0.1961585134267807,
-0.2290174663066864,
0.2539740800857544,
0.3620741069316864,
0.02698262594640255,
0.1872219443321228,
0.2998318076133728,
-0.2764485776424408,
4.71961784362793,
0.1462215781211853,
-0.01672787219285965,
-0.299560546875,
0.1749945729970932,
0.4921807050704956,
0.7113715410232544,
-0.1417439728975296,
-0.2960883378982544,
0.0061475965194404125,
0.1285824179649353,
0.4865993857383728,
-0.06963178515434265,
-0.3206651508808136,
0.1759779155254364,
0.1982964426279068,
0.1102345809340477,
0.2455783486366272,
0.2699788510799408,
0.0108167864382267,
0.4976128339767456,
-0.0220964215695858,
0.3443739116191864,
0.05517597869038582,
-0.2086452841758728,
-0.06868574023246765,
0.4215901792049408,
0.1564432829618454,
-0.10845947265625,
0.35601806640625,
0.3744574785232544,
5.450520992279053,
0.07631683349609375,
0.6932508945465088,
-0.2064937949180603,
-0.3993326723575592,
0.2798393964767456,
-0.3775499165058136,
-0.0357089564204216,
-0.1731804758310318,
-0.0495690256357193,
0.0435655377805233,
-0.3525390625,
-0.0331946462392807,
0.6608073115348816,
0.144287109375,
0.4101020097732544,
-0.1648491770029068,
-0.1072591170668602,
-0.1126607283949852,
-0.1247965469956398,
0.2041524201631546,
-0.0805528461933136,
0.3605821430683136,
-0.5193684697151184,
-0.12159156799316406,
0.3458794355392456,
0.09544287621974945,
0.1790432333946228,
0.029171837493777275,
0.2949897050857544,
0.3698188066482544,
0.1450703889131546,
-0.10707303881645203,
0.1804673969745636,
-0.2413601279258728,
0.2556898295879364,
-0.0300886370241642,
0.0846015065908432,
0.1500311940908432,
0.1924506276845932,
0.4506293535232544,
-0.036578282713890076,
-0.1160634383559227,
0.1575080007314682,
-0.14056396484375,
-0.07132551074028015,
-0.02607504464685917,
0.3711208701133728,
0.1703457236289978,
-0.1538831889629364,
0.0838521346449852,
0.03351317346096039,
0.8421766757965088,
0.1128200963139534,
0.3648546040058136,
0.15656450390815735,
-0.0634663924574852,
-0.0817226842045784,
0.6097276210784912,
0.03418276086449623,
0.6897515058517456,
0.2122938334941864,
-0.1403571218252182,
-0.0015326605644077063,
0.498291015625,
0.2966579794883728,
-0.13265228271484375,
0.017698075622320175,
0.6239691972732544,
-0.0572831891477108,
-0.3229030966758728,
0.2496049702167511,
-0.016760719940066338,
-0.0710194930434227,
-0.01564704068005085,
0.0542127825319767,
0.4871147871017456,
-0.1354471892118454,
0.10846032202243805,
-0.04775214195251465,
-0.284912109375,
0.0253736712038517,
-0.4328070878982544,
0.2266438752412796,
-0.1678415983915329,
0.125732421875,
-0.0118704903870821,
0.2614000141620636,
0.3333875834941864,
-0.1570705771446228,
0.0859968364238739,
-0.069793701171875,
-0.0610363744199276,
0.2566596269607544,
-0.1405843049287796,
0.0530955009162426,
0.2414652556180954,
0.4899631142616272,
0.2869466245174408,
-0.1680026650428772,
-0.2127787321805954,
0.1979844868183136,
-0.2586601972579956,
-0.1500074565410614,
0.2082451730966568,
-0.1889105886220932,
0.1713189035654068,
-0.0139762032777071,
0.3296576738357544,
0.03152826055884361,
0.4814995527267456,
0.4866265058517456,
0.07160525768995285,
-0.0279083251953125,
0.1349029541015625
] |
2104
|
Are there giant spiders in Australia?
|
[
{
"docid": "48870289#0",
"text": "Megadolomedes is a genus of spider in the family Pisauridae. The genus contains only one species, Megadolomedes australianus, commonly known as the giant water spider. It is one of Australia's largest spiders, with a legspan of up to 18 cm. Found near creeks and ponds, it is capable of running on water. Food includes small fish, tadpoles and aquatic insects. Air is trapped on body and leg hair, allowing them to stay underwater for long periods of time.",
"title": "Megadolomedes"
},
{
"docid": "53053963#0",
"text": "Caladenia excelsa, commonly known as the giant spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rare species with a single, hairy leaf and up to three cream-coloured to greenish-cream flowers with long, drooping sepals and petals. It is one of the tallest spider orchids in Western Australia and, with \"Caladenia splendens\", has the largest flowers of any Western Australian orchid.",
"title": "Caladenia excelsa"
},
{
"docid": "5898866#0",
"text": "Gradungulidae is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand with 16 species in seven genera. They are medium to large-sized three-clawed haplogyne spiders with two pairs of book-lungs (like Mygalomorphae).",
"title": "Gradungulidae"
},
{
"docid": "6026024#0",
"text": "Missulena occatoria, known as the red-headed mouse spider, is found in Southern Australia, from open forests to desert shrublands. It is the largest (females up to 24 mm, males up to 12 mm) and most widely distributed \"Missulena\" species, because the spiderlings are wind-dispersed (ballooning). Normally this only occurs with araneomorph spiders, mygalomorph spiders normally disperse by walking. \"Missulena\" venom may be very toxic, but few cases of serious envenomation have been recorded. Most recorded bites only caused minor effects, with Australian funnel-web spider antivenom having proved effective as a treatment.",
"title": "Missulena occatoria"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "2149006#0",
"text": "The giant house spider, now with the scientific name Eratigena atrica, is one of the biggest spiders of Central and Northern Europe. It was previously placed in the genus \"Tegenaria\", where in addition to Tegenaria atrica, it was also documented as Tegenaria duellica, Tegenaria gigantea and Tegenaria saeva, among others, all thought to be different species. It is now a member of the newly described genus \"Eratigena\". The bite of this species does not pose a threat to humans or pets, and it is generally reluctant to bite, preferring to escape.",
"title": "Giant house spider"
},
{
"docid": "286817#0",
"text": "Huntsman spiders, members of the family Sparassidae (formerly Heteropodidae), are known by this name because of their speed and mode of hunting. They also are called giant crab spiders because of their size and appearance. Larger species sometimes are referred to as wood spiders, because of their preference for woody places (forests, mine shafts, woodpiles, wooden shacks). In southern Africa the genus \"Palystes\" are known as rain spiders or lizard-eating spiders. Commonly they are confused with baboon spiders from the Mygalomorphae infraorder, which are not closely related.",
"title": "Huntsman spider"
},
{
"docid": "27275978#0",
"text": "Australia has some highly venomous spiders, including the Sydney Funnel-web, its relatives in the family Hexathelidae, and the Redback Spider, whose bites can be extremely painful and have historically been linked with deaths in medical records. Most Australian spiders do not have venom that is considered to be dangerously toxic. No deaths caused by spider bites in Australia have been substantiated by a coronial inquest since 1979. There are, however, no shortage of sensationalised news reports that fail to cite evidence of any kind. \"A Field Guide to Spiders of Australia\" published by CSIRO Publishing in 2017 featuring around 836 species illustrated with photographs of live animals, around 381 genera and 78 families, introduced significant updates to taxonomy from Ramirez, Wheeler and Dmitrov",
"title": "Spiders of Australia"
},
{
"docid": "2580131#0",
"text": "The Giant Spider Invasion is a 1975 science fiction horror film directed by Bill Rebane. The film is about giant spiders that terrorize the town of Merrill, Wisconsin and the surrounding area. \"The Giant Spider Invasion\" was given a U.S. release in theaters in 1975, and was distributed by Group 1 Films. The film received a considerable theatrical run and became one of the fifty top-grossing films of that year. After a three-time ABC television network run, the movie achieved additional exposure many years later, when it was featured in a 1997 episode of \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\". It is now regarded as a cult classic in the B movie realm.",
"title": "The Giant Spider Invasion"
},
{
"docid": "49860#24",
"text": "Australia has a wide variety of arachnids, including 78 spider families with 79 species of spider familiar enough to have common names. There are numerous highly venomous species, including the notorious Sydney funnel-web and allied mygalomorphs, whose bites can be deadly. The Redback Spider was thought to be deadly but Redback bites are no longer thought to be life-threatening, as the lack of deaths since 1956 was thought to be due to the development of an anti-venom which has since been shown to be no better than placebo[126] [127]. There are thousands of species of mites and ticks from the subclass Acari. Australia also has at least 150 species of pseudoscorpion with an estimated 550 more waiting to be described, and at least 17 scorpion genera with 120 species.",
"title": "Fauna of Australia"
},
{
"docid": "723992#20",
"text": "The redback spider is widespread across Australia. The current distribution reported by the World Spider Catalogue includes Southeast Asia and New Zealand. Colonies and individuals have been found elsewhere, including Japan, England, Belgium, the United Arab Emirates and Iran. It was believed at one time that the redback may have been introduced to Australia, because when it was first formally described in 1870, it appeared to be concentrated around sea ports. However, an earlier informal description (1850) from the Adelaide Hills is now known, and names in Australian Aboriginal languages also show that it was present well before European settlement. Its original range is thought to be a relatively small arid part of South Australia and Western Australia. Its spread has been inadvertently aided by modern buildings, which often provide habitats conducive to redback populations. The close relationship between the redback and the New Zealand katipo also supports the native status of both in their respective countries.",
"title": "Redback spider"
}
] |
[
0.44780272245407104,
0.05670166015625,
-0.10860137641429901,
0.19377441704273224,
-0.3446044921875,
0.02886199951171875,
0.33122557401657104,
-0.3818359375,
0.23869629204273224,
0.2763305604457855,
-0.09941063076257706,
-0.37315672636032104,
-0.17070312798023224,
-0.5437988042831421,
-0.06389312446117401,
0.2953247129917145,
0.4715332090854645,
0.03221740573644638,
-0.504199206829071,
-0.054500579833984375,
-0.4543212950229645,
0.69091796875,
0.18396607041358948,
0.01056823693215847,
-0.07456360012292862,
-0.09756012260913849,
-0.17398682236671448,
0.3092895448207855,
0.26862794160842896,
0.21821899712085724,
0.4033203125,
0.09053802490234375,
0.3326416015625,
0.7815917730331421,
-0.19992370903491974,
0.535351574420929,
0.10716857761144638,
0.27055662870407104,
0.5410400629043579,
0.18901367485523224,
0.013341712765395641,
0.511401355266571,
0.37049561738967896,
0.0033007622696459293,
0.24182739853858948,
-0.08952637016773224,
0.428955078125,
0.19699707627296448,
-0.2621398866176605,
-0.220164492726326,
-0.4742675721645355,
0.03444518893957138,
-0.06678466498851776,
-0.31048583984375,
0.28331297636032104,
0.148162841796875,
0.546582043170929,
0.861523449420929,
-0.038889266550540924,
0.03475341945886612,
0.19234009087085724,
0.03710784763097763,
-0.18220825493335724,
0.02464311756193638,
0.37884521484375,
-0.05841980129480362,
-0.185516357421875,
0.23177185654640198,
0.2751220762729645,
0.38856202363967896,
-0.17808227241039276,
0.526611328125,
0.3952392637729645,
-0.12857666611671448,
-0.19624634087085724,
-0.6121581792831421,
0.10331115871667862,
-0.014415740966796875,
0.3189330995082855,
0.1728218048810959,
0.19682617485523224,
-0.36602783203125,
-0.15334320068359375,
0.3277831971645355,
-0.3576904237270355,
0.19154663383960724,
0.06364555656909943,
0.30415040254592896,
0.07489471137523651,
0.507568359375,
-0.20057372748851776,
0.33222657442092896,
0.553417980670929,
0.08253326267004013,
0.06560973823070526,
0.4444824159145355,
-0.06012573093175888,
-0.07990417629480362,
0.045526884496212006,
-0.26731568574905396,
-0.03522949293255806,
-0.23281249403953552,
-0.13474111258983612,
0.3227172791957855,
0.3098388612270355,
-0.3774169981479645,
-0.32331544160842896,
-0.04279174655675888,
0.2672973573207855,
0.29693603515625,
0.09100341796875,
-0.25120848417282104,
0.16533812880516052,
-0.1450042724609375,
0.24672850966453552,
-0.06970024108886719,
0.19318541884422302,
-0.21845702826976776,
0.09411315619945526,
-0.34807127714157104,
0.539306640625,
0.5645751953125,
-0.3210205137729645,
-0.24892577528953552,
-0.3787841796875,
-0.03591766208410263,
0.626757800579071,
-0.061629485338926315,
0.59033203125,
0.4488525390625,
0.33319091796875,
0.21506348252296448,
-0.07408599555492401,
0.64013671875,
0.19395752251148224,
0.16092529892921448,
0.632617175579071,
-0.539599597454071,
-0.2173919677734375,
-0.05063171312212944,
0.15758666396141052,
-0.2699035704135895,
0.3070129454135895,
0.6308349370956421,
-0.21390381455421448,
0.3495849668979645,
0.20130005478858948,
0.55126953125,
0.07775573432445526,
0.3844970762729645,
-0.07164917141199112,
0.22453613579273224,
-0.12329407036304474,
0.38408201932907104,
-0.24317321181297302,
0.14801636338233948,
-0.18615570664405823,
-0.22453002631664276,
-0.016286516562104225,
0.22800597548484802,
0.756640613079071,
0.36052244901657104,
0.16436767578125,
-0.27310866117477417,
0.31661683320999146,
0.20286865532398224,
-0.04733123630285263,
0.788037121295929,
0.47746580839157104,
-0.06967926025390625,
-0.01505126990377903,
0.23663330078125,
-0.14471396803855896,
-0.4444580078125,
0.13501282036304474,
0.517407238483429,
-0.17599181830883026,
-0.144866943359375,
0.583569347858429,
-0.663134753704071,
0.03833932802081108,
0.629589855670929,
0.5838623046875,
-0.05920562893152237,
0.6639159917831421,
0.38325196504592896,
-0.059287142008543015,
-0.255767822265625,
-0.49689942598342896,
0.09710387885570526,
0.23481445014476776,
-0.22197341918945312,
0.5617920160293579,
-0.2883056700229645,
-0.23482665419578552,
0.057708740234375,
0.20408935844898224,
0.3798584043979645,
-0.010928344912827015,
0.18605956435203552,
-0.3299316465854645,
-0.05801353603601456,
-0.37773436307907104,
0.07393646240234375,
0.6439453363418579,
-0.3886474668979645,
0.10490264743566513,
0.20182189345359802,
-0.13334044814109802,
-0.1893775910139084,
0.17731627821922302,
0.025295352563261986,
0.1604766845703125,
0.21688994765281677,
-0.17854614555835724,
-0.05357475206255913,
0.00716400146484375,
-0.32917481660842896,
0.4206909239292145,
-0.05380554124712944,
-0.23569336533546448,
0.4706054627895355,
0.38682860136032104,
0.039822768419981,
0.20929566025733948,
0.14159607887268066,
0.05158386379480362,
-0.4679199159145355,
0.09287337958812714,
0.24159546196460724,
0.2115478515625,
0.10973663628101349,
0.1107177734375,
0.06221027299761772,
0.022450828924775124,
0.5098876953125,
-0.06859131157398224,
0.28154295682907104,
0.06761215627193451,
-0.09087219089269638,
0.3431152403354645,
-0.08771667629480362,
-0.5642334222793579,
0.11611328274011612,
0.2760009765625,
-0.12285156548023224,
-0.16475029289722443,
0.09111709892749786,
-0.2665039002895355,
-0.3757080137729645,
-0.18639525771141052,
-0.030838776379823685,
0.020985793322324753,
0.35407716035842896,
-0.035170745104551315,
0.40336912870407104,
0.21931152045726776,
0.03842773288488388,
0.330282598733902,
0.15497131645679474,
0.1558074951171875,
-0.10601349174976349,
0.22578124701976776,
0.2713256776332855,
-0.23934325575828552,
-0.34205323457717896,
0.030345916748046875,
0.5953124761581421,
0.26713865995407104,
0.37086182832717896,
0.06091461330652237,
-0.25133973360061646,
0.111968994140625,
0.22069397568702698,
-0.22188110649585724,
-0.06385879218578339,
0.45808106660842896,
-0.22255249321460724,
0.12856903672218323,
0.18760938942432404,
0.2778686583042145,
-0.14381714165210724,
-0.2754882872104645,
0.04165296629071236,
0.4713378846645355,
0.18803100287914276,
-0.002169990446418524,
-0.27214354276657104,
-0.10103072971105576,
0.06025505065917969,
0.27545166015625,
0.4998779296875,
0.15031585097312927,
-0.689892590045929,
-0.019037628546357155,
0.28245848417282104,
0.16780395805835724,
0.10003509372472763,
0.3171752989292145,
0.13376465439796448,
0.3489013612270355,
-0.3454345762729645,
0.745361328125,
0.23493042588233948,
-0.2529052793979645,
-0.09360504150390625,
0.06312179565429688,
-0.08956947177648544,
-0.12964172661304474,
0.010104370303452015,
0.771777331829071,
-0.04332904890179634,
0.27900391817092896,
0.29072266817092896,
0.26915282011032104,
0.382568359375,
0.20571593940258026,
0.01560211181640625,
0.4474121034145355,
0.2865844666957855,
-0.02365417405962944,
-0.13203124701976776,
-0.29633790254592896,
-0.027591992169618607,
0.20718994736671448,
-0.2667462229728699,
0.33929443359375,
-0.20187988877296448,
0.11695937812328339,
0.524243175983429,
0.34576645493507385,
0.45024412870407104,
-0.11174926906824112,
-0.0894191712141037,
-0.19493408501148224,
0.06834182888269424,
0.08767928928136826,
0.33363038301467896,
-0.37812501192092896,
0.12656860053539276,
0.0791710838675499,
-0.1669921875,
0.168060302734375,
0.392333984375,
0.36982423067092896,
0.22484131157398224,
0.20418700575828552,
-0.2602172791957855,
0.31940919160842896,
-0.146697998046875,
-0.16419371962547302,
0.3787475526332855,
-0.13647766411304474,
-0.02545318566262722,
0.45301514863967896,
-0.06545181572437286,
0.568652331829071,
-0.034578703343868256,
0.16937255859375,
-0.20097656548023224,
0.09307861328125,
0.4262451231479645,
0.015415477566421032,
0.4272216856479645,
-0.005696392152458429,
0.1127086654305458,
-0.516430675983429,
0.32563477754592896,
-0.0138397216796875,
-0.0182661060243845,
0.13929443061351776,
-0.13916930556297302,
-0.21484375,
-0.03206004947423935,
-0.10584716498851776,
-0.20577391982078552,
-0.031111622229218483,
0.087890625,
0.6167968511581421,
-0.10519103705883026,
0.2759033143520355,
0.570019543170929,
-0.09610595554113388,
0.03102722205221653,
-0.20498952269554138,
-0.038581084460020065,
0.23850098252296448,
-0.11146239936351776,
0.10416565090417862,
-0.23424072563648224,
0.3164428770542145,
-0.01692962646484375,
-0.10465545952320099,
-0.19594116508960724,
-0.1321563720703125,
0.19160766899585724,
-0.039489638060331345,
0.2652831971645355,
0.213958740234375,
0.08179931342601776,
-0.072418212890625,
0.13335570693016052,
0.27684324979782104,
0.10616607964038849,
4.134570121765137,
0.10164795070886612,
0.21590575575828552,
-0.3810058534145355,
-0.690625011920929,
0.35734862089157104,
0.13020630180835724,
-0.07262690365314484,
0.11162414401769638,
0.04514160007238388,
0.036425016820430756,
0.21810302138328552,
-0.13285522162914276,
0.04626159742474556,
0.07669524848461151,
0.13155516982078552,
0.5172363519668579,
-0.07602538913488388,
-0.19129295647144318,
0.4827636778354645,
-0.507617175579071,
0.41217041015625,
0.4402099549770355,
-0.39289551973342896,
0.35505980253219604,
0.20301513373851776,
0.5773681402206421,
-0.13532371819019318,
0.37456053495407104,
0.19373778998851776,
0.28091734647750854,
0.10258865356445312,
-0.06369934231042862,
0.11514072120189667,
-0.8695312738418579,
0.30767822265625,
0.23269042372703552,
-0.13737182319164276,
-0.06231231614947319,
-0.05857238918542862,
-0.07717971503734589,
0.22017821669578552,
0.526538074016571,
0.210052490234375,
0.13494262099266052,
-0.5245361328125,
0.16248778998851776,
0.31145018339157104,
0.018691252917051315,
0.27368927001953125,
-0.1095428466796875,
0.09462432563304901,
-0.04233856126666069,
-0.08138398826122284,
0.21109923720359802,
0.5476318597793579,
-0.10389403998851776,
-0.03700409084558487,
0.06177368015050888,
0.17683716118335724,
0.2932983338832855,
-0.006537103559821844,
-0.169047549366951,
-0.17739257216453552,
-0.25775146484375,
0.01515884418040514,
0.272665411233902,
0.13139954209327698,
0.48186033964157104,
-0.22382812201976776,
0.766162097454071,
0.2700561583042145,
0.329354852437973,
-0.47370606660842896,
-0.21293945610523224,
0.18137207627296448,
-0.17384032905101776,
0.836718738079071,
0.4769653379917145,
0.1463828980922699,
0.1436302214860916,
0.13442382216453552,
0.2934936583042145,
0.30427247285842896,
-0.11818160861730576,
0.6200195550918579,
0.4848876893520355,
0.17134705185890198,
0.49714356660842896,
0.03176242113113403,
0.19567565619945526,
0.151600643992424,
0.3797851502895355,
0.36411744356155396,
-0.28345948457717896,
-0.19465331733226776,
0.28314208984375,
-3.91796875,
0.16884765028953552,
0.4021240174770355,
-0.3211669921875,
0.20717772841453552,
0.0627593994140625,
-0.05383910983800888,
0.010952377691864967,
-0.480224609375,
0.5918945074081421,
-0.11181030422449112,
0.09928283840417862,
-0.4132080078125,
0.512866199016571,
0.26409912109375,
0.23869629204273224,
0.0968475341796875,
0.25145262479782104,
0.4321044981479645,
-0.27464598417282104,
0.032930754125118256,
-0.008037185296416283,
0.32805174589157104,
-0.072784423828125,
0.01428833045065403,
0.19387587904930115,
0.08658447116613388,
-0.5068114995956421,
-0.13628998398780823,
-0.10668792575597763,
-0.08192138373851776,
-0.018584251403808594,
0.168345645070076,
-0.45039063692092896,
0.10872717201709747,
0.17681273818016052,
0.42277830839157104,
0.05431633070111275,
0.46728515625,
0.4014648497104645,
0.0450439453125,
-0.03674011304974556,
0.28699952363967896,
0.04499664157629013,
-0.06939697265625,
-0.09246368706226349,
-0.20264282822608948,
0.2772216796875,
-0.26069337129592896,
0.41584473848342896,
0.14638061821460724,
0.21166381239891052,
-0.20166626572608948,
-0.11561278998851776,
0.4765625,
-0.2093505859375,
0.12348632514476776,
-0.20111083984375,
-0.12747803330421448,
-0.08193588256835938,
0.5130370855331421,
0.0011398314964026213,
-0.013763427734375,
-0.04901580885052681,
-0.05184326320886612,
-0.05034303665161133,
0.4186035096645355,
0.3224731385707855,
0.522045910358429,
0.0831441879272461,
0.276031494140625,
0.07771911472082138,
0.14452514052391052,
0.447998046875,
-0.07400207221508026,
0.28776779770851135,
0.15806885063648224,
-0.13325805962085724,
0.3519043028354645,
0.05355224758386612,
0.043289948254823685,
-0.14150257408618927,
-0.2748779356479645,
0.14777831733226776,
2.0835938453674316,
0.39436036348342896,
2.3482422828674316,
-0.15300598740577698,
0.06577987968921661,
0.16782531142234802,
-0.07284393161535263,
0.23491211235523224,
0.035057734698057175,
-0.02395172044634819,
0.14502564072608948,
0.3073181211948395,
-0.3059936463832855,
-0.16843262314796448,
0.03449678421020508,
0.017367923632264137,
0.3768554627895355,
-0.9961181879043579,
-0.00571441650390625,
0.014146232977509499,
0.089630126953125,
0.03153686597943306,
-0.36243897676467896,
0.4571289122104645,
-0.35630494356155396,
0.10963745415210724,
0.12152557075023651,
0.08714904636144638,
0.15898437798023224,
-0.14023742079734802,
0.24704590439796448,
-0.061879731714725494,
0.1562957763671875,
0.0350341796875,
-0.22649531066417694,
0.003559112548828125,
-0.09222602844238281,
4.764062404632568,
-0.05225830152630806,
-0.09034881740808487,
-0.24019774794578552,
-0.00680496683344245,
-0.12116165459156036,
0.11231670528650284,
0.12368011474609375,
0.04887048155069351,
0.07682494819164276,
0.16497497260570526,
0.35679930448532104,
-0.09073486179113388,
0.17020873725414276,
0.11902618408203125,
0.2915283143520355,
0.2717834413051605,
0.070948027074337,
0.23172608017921448,
-0.0015167236560955644,
0.23608703911304474,
0.2657516598701477,
0.37156373262405396,
-0.3714843690395355,
0.554492175579071,
0.19086913764476776,
0.28233641386032104,
-0.5330810546875,
-0.05491790920495987,
0.06728973239660263,
0.1652427613735199,
5.455468654632568,
-0.203277587890625,
0.34086912870407104,
-0.14491882920265198,
0.17795410752296448,
0.21610108017921448,
-0.23698730766773224,
-0.22547607123851776,
-0.15315857529640198,
-0.16187743842601776,
-0.03584461286664009,
0.03261718899011612,
-0.31793212890625,
0.24126891791820526,
0.2547363340854645,
-0.2688964903354645,
-0.3486328125,
0.07648086547851562,
0.17999267578125,
0.018296431750059128,
0.40190428495407104,
-0.3746093809604645,
-0.18063965439796448,
-0.3721679747104645,
-0.07904205471277237,
-0.17124024033546448,
-0.06689453125,
0.4901123046875,
-0.27302247285842896,
-0.10701103508472443,
0.11431274563074112,
0.3739257752895355,
-0.29317015409469604,
0.32679444551467896,
-0.32209473848342896,
0.008961057290434837,
0.17656859755516052,
0.2907165586948395,
0.144215390086174,
-0.017060089856386185,
0.263916015625,
0.49376219511032104,
-0.4588867127895355,
-0.265176385641098,
-0.21409912407398224,
0.06488647311925888,
-0.03002338483929634,
0.046417236328125,
-0.10939331352710724,
0.4378662109375,
0.289193719625473,
0.14913634955883026,
1.473730444908142,
0.552978515625,
-0.093017578125,
0.37883299589157104,
-0.20921020209789276,
0.07021751254796982,
-0.04739684984087944,
-0.145294189453125,
0.781005859375,
0.173797607421875,
-0.11861572414636612,
0.458984375,
0.11825256049633026,
0.1150665283203125,
0.04983825609087944,
-0.06854210048913956,
0.643798828125,
-0.08646392822265625,
-0.046905517578125,
0.23198166489601135,
0.20371094346046448,
0.5238037109375,
0.11829070746898651,
0.22521667182445526,
0.17505188286304474,
-0.12926635146141052,
-0.06189422681927681,
-0.34111326932907104,
-0.3622802793979645,
-0.21610108017921448,
0.04305253177881241,
-0.3538452088832855,
-0.0018188476096838713,
0.19126471877098083,
-0.5262206792831421,
0.28428953886032104,
-0.14419785141944885,
0.02998044528067112,
0.2671875059604645,
0.3822265565395355,
0.006910515017807484,
0.678051769733429,
0.07782401889562607,
-0.05100097507238388,
0.2374420166015625,
0.2727493345737457,
-0.05917663499712944,
0.18714293837547302,
-0.24123840034008026,
0.1708931028842926,
-0.0014328003162518144,
-0.24909667670726776,
0.2582153379917145,
-0.13014373183250427,
-0.14716491103172302,
0.16324158012866974,
0.14284667372703552,
-0.16720008850097656,
0.32427978515625,
0.36886367201805115,
-0.542529284954071,
-0.09421386569738388,
-0.13617858290672302
] |
2105
|
Which countries have thermonuclear weapons?
|
[
{
"docid": "21785#11",
"text": "Only six countries—United States, Russia, United Kingdom, China, France, and India—have conducted thermonuclear weapon tests. (Whether India has detonated a \"true\" multi-staged thermonuclear weapon is controversial.) North Korea claims to have tested a fusion weapon , though this claim is disputed. Thermonuclear weapons are considered much more difficult to successfully design and execute than primitive fission weapons. Almost all of the nuclear weapons deployed today use the thermonuclear design because it is more efficient.",
"title": "Nuclear weapon"
},
{
"docid": "10373265#3",
"text": "Compared to fission weapons, thermonuclear designs are exceedingly complex, and staged weapons in particular are so complex that only five countries (USA, Russia, France, UK, China) have created them in more than 70 years of research. The fuels for an H-bomb are also far more difficult to create. Several countries with long-standing nuclear weapons programs, such as India and Pakistan, are suspected of striving towards a hybrid or \"boosted\" design instead, which is easier. Since both fusion weapons and hybrid designs can at times be referred to as \"hydrogen bombs\", it cannot be said with certainty at present, what type of weapon North Korea may have been referring to in any given test. At present, analysts are skeptical of the 2016 test being a staged thermonuclear design, while noting that the most recent test, in 2017, was considerably more powerful. In 2018, North Korea had offered and was reportedly preparing for inspections at nuclear and missile sites.",
"title": "Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program"
},
{
"docid": "1376465#38",
"text": "The thermonuclear weapons race between the United States and the Soviet Union exceeded all expectations set out before the scientists who took part. Two countries creating thermonuclear weapons with such energy yields from two different design methods proved to be the crowning achievement for science in the 1950s. Of course, the successful and promising work from both the United States and the Soviet Union only spurred each country to push for stronger weapons, as the floodgates of thermonuclear weapon potential had been opened. This was, of course, entirely the norm at the time considering that the Cold War was in full swing. It was a significant boost to Soviet morale knowing that the Soviet Union's physicists, engineers, scientist, and great minds were able to not only compete with the Americans, but also able to out perform them in some key areas of weapon and technological development.",
"title": "RDS-37"
},
{
"docid": "12295421#0",
"text": "Test No. 6 is the codename for China's first test of a three-staged thermonuclear device and, also its sixth nuclear weapons test. The device was detonated at Lop Nur Test Base, or often dubbed as Lop Nur Nuclear Weapon Test Base, in Malan, Xinjiang, on 17 June 1967. With successful testing of this three-stage thermonuclear device, China became the fourth country to have successfully developed a thermonuclear weapon after the United States, Soviet Union and the United Kingdom. It was dropped from a Hong-6 (Chinese manufactured Tu-16) and was parachute-retarded for an airburst at 2960 meters. The bomb was a three-stage device with a boosted U-235 primary and U-238 pusher. The yield was 3.3 megatons.",
"title": "Test No. 6"
},
{
"docid": "2269463#43",
"text": "The Soviet thermonuclear weapons program was aided heavily by Klaus Fuchs. Fuchs’ most valuable contribution to the Soviet weapons program concerned the hydrogen bomb. The idea of a hydrogen bomb arose from discussions between Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller in 1941. From 1943 Teller lectured at Los Alamos on what he called the \"super\". Following their meeting, Fermi was convinced by Teller to present a series of lectures detailing the current state of research into thermonuclear weapons. In September 1945 Fuchs passed a synopsis of these lectures to the Soviets. This information was important to the Soviets, but not solely for the information about the US bomb project. The importance of this material was in that it confirmed that the United States were working on their own thermonuclear weapon research. Although the information provided by Fuchs regarding the thermonuclear weapons research was not seen as entirely beneficial, it still provided the Soviet Union with knowledge such as the properties of tritium. Tritium is an isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons, which allows for more efficient fusion reactions to occur during the detonation of a nuclear weapon. Discovering the properties of this radioactive material would allow the Soviet Union to develop a more powerful weapon that requires less fuel. Following Fuchs's return, experts from the Soviet Union spent a great deal of time researching his findings for themselves. Even though the Soviets did obtain some original ideas, the findings of this research served to confirm Fuchs's notes from the American lectures on the matter. After his return to England in mid-1946, Fuchs was not again in touch with Soviet intelligence until September 1947, when his controller confirmed the Soviet interest in thermonuclear weapons. In response Fuchs provided details of the \"ongoing theoretical superbomb studies in the U.S. under the direction of Teller and Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago.\" Fuchs obtained information regardless of the American McMahon Act, which prevented Anglo-American cooperation on nuclear weapons research. Under this act, Fuchs did not have routine access to American collaborators like Fermi and Teller. Fuchs was very close to Teller at Los Alamos, and while there Fuchs had worked on thermonuclear weapons. As Teller later recalled, \"he [Fuchs] talked with me and others frequently in depth about our intensive efforts… it was easy and pleasant to discuss my work with him. He also made impressive contributions, and I learned many technical facts from him.\" Fuchs obtained the information, it energized the Soviets to direct new intelligence activities against research in Chicago. In February 1948 the Soviet Union formally began its hydrogen bomb program. A month later Fuchs again met with Feklisov, an event which \"played an exceptional role in the subsequent course of the Soviet thermonuclear bomb program.\" A report of June 1953 warned that, although no indication of Soviet development of hydrogen bombs had been found, \"Soviet research, development and even field testing of thermonuclear reactions based on the disclosures of Fuchs may take place by mid-1953.\" U.S. intelligence thus recognized for the first time that Fuchs' material held invaluable information for the Soviet thermonuclear weapons program.",
"title": "Thermonuclear weapon"
},
{
"docid": "2269463#58",
"text": "The French nuclear testing site was moved to the unpopulated French atolls in the Pacific Ocean. The first test conducted at these new sites was the \"Canopus\" test in the Fangataufa atoll in French Polynesia on 24 August 1968, the country's first multistage thermonuclear weapon test. The bomb was detonated from a balloon at a height of 520 meters. The result of this test was significant atmospheric contamination. Very little is known about France's development of the Teller–Ulam design, beyond the fact that France detonated a 2.6 Mt device in the 'Canopus\" test. France reportedly had great difficulty with its initial development of the Teller-Ulam design, but it later overcame these, and is believed to have nuclear weapons equal in sophistication to the other major nuclear powers.",
"title": "Thermonuclear weapon"
},
{
"docid": "2269463#8",
"text": "The basic principle of the Teller–Ulam configuration is the idea that different parts of a thermonuclear weapon can be chained together in \"stages\", with the detonation of each stage providing the energy to ignite the next stage. At a bare minimum, this implies a \"primary\" section that consists of an implosion-type fission bomb (a \"trigger\"), and a \"secondary\" section that consists of fusion fuel. The energy released by the \"primary\" compresses the \"secondary\" through a process called \"radiation implosion\", at which point it is heated and undergoes nuclear fusion. This process could be continued, with energy from the secondary igniting a third fusion stage; Russia's AN602 \"Tsar Bomba\" is thought to have been a three-stage fission-fusion-fusion device. Theoretically by continuing this process thermonuclear weapons with arbitrarily high yield could be constructed. This contrasts with fission weapons which are limited in yield.",
"title": "Thermonuclear weapon"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "21785#13",
"text": "Virtually all thermonuclear weapons deployed today use the \"two-stage\" design described above, but it is possible to add additional fusion stages—each stage igniting a larger amount of fusion fuel in the next stage. This technique can be used to construct thermonuclear weapons of arbitrarily large yield, in contrast to fission bombs, which are limited in their explosive force. The largest nuclear weapon ever detonated, the Tsar Bomba of the USSR, which released an energy equivalent of over , was a three-stage weapon. Most thermonuclear weapons are considerably smaller than this, due to practical constraints from missile warhead space and weight requirements.\nFusion reactions do not create fission products, and thus contribute far less to the creation of nuclear fallout than fission reactions, but because all thermonuclear weapons contain at least one fission stage, and many high-yield thermonuclear devices have a final fission stage, thermonuclear weapons can generate at least as much nuclear fallout as fission-only weapons.",
"title": "Nuclear weapon"
},
{
"docid": "2269463#5",
"text": "As thermonuclear weapons represent the most efficient design for weapon energy yield in weapons with yields above , virtually all the nuclear weapons of this size deployed by the five nuclear-weapon states under the Non-Proliferation Treaty today are thermonuclear weapons using the Teller–Ulam design.",
"title": "Thermonuclear weapon"
},
{
"docid": "2269463#0",
"text": "A thermonuclear weapon, or fusion weapon, is a second-generation nuclear weapon design which affords vastly greater destructive power than first-generation atomic bombs. Modern fusion weapons consist essentially of two main components: a nuclear fission primary stage (fueled by Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239) and a separate nuclear fusion secondary stage containing thermonuclear fuel: the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium, or in modern weapons lithium deuteride. For this reason thermonuclear weapons are often colloquially called hydrogen bombs, or H-bombs.",
"title": "Thermonuclear weapon"
}
] |
[
0.3820967376232147,
0.3755382299423218,
-0.16938920319080353,
-0.153961181640625,
0.13006314635276794,
-0.020951705053448677,
0.7039684057235718,
-0.2703413665294647,
0.4325062036514282,
0.5821866393089294,
-0.3079417943954468,
-0.18156571686267853,
-0.020183909684419632,
0.24629350006580353,
-0.24686501920223236,
-0.37569913268089294,
0.3459916412830353,
0.41513893008232117,
-0.15343822538852692,
0.08990652114152908,
-0.07285933196544647,
0.36672142148017883,
-0.10943326354026794,
-0.17962230741977692,
0.026992104947566986,
-0.13631924986839294,
-0.2381036877632141,
0.2773881256580353,
-0.32399681210517883,
0.6615766882896423,
0.47164639830589294,
0.05564672127366066,
-0.13437582552433014,
0.5511252880096436,
0.038357820361852646,
0.4543013274669647,
-0.4544566869735718,
0.11222562193870544,
0.2862992584705353,
0.2619507610797882,
0.23717845976352692,
0.25534889101982117,
0.028034556657075882,
-0.32958984375,
0.09235174208879471,
-0.1738506704568863,
0.29653099179267883,
0.08930432051420212,
-0.21894975006580353,
0.2737593352794647,
-0.21512673795223236,
0.11276522278785706,
0.4593616724014282,
-0.21037985384464264,
-0.27239158749580383,
0.3444935083389282,
-0.04741044342517853,
0.8377574682235718,
0.10137853026390076,
-0.20679126679897308,
0.06798822432756424,
0.05938304588198662,
-0.2892400622367859,
0.07138512283563614,
0.3109297454357147,
0.24131081998348236,
-0.07958013564348221,
0.21274636685848236,
0.03084772266447544,
0.6198286414146423,
0.07374364882707596,
0.4874933362007141,
0.39453125,
0.14728893339633942,
0.17823687195777893,
-0.1026458740234375,
0.16112171113491058,
0.11778675764799118,
0.21636962890625,
-0.11585859954357147,
0.12822376191616058,
-0.04065600410103798,
0.031609274446964264,
0.23835338652133942,
0.013540875166654587,
0.3439830541610718,
-0.21828390657901764,
0.25962135195732117,
0.15036149322986603,
0.6129261255264282,
-0.3956853747367859,
0.245025634765625,
0.11744551360607147,
-0.2675281763076782,
0.04704700782895088,
-0.022218184545636177,
0.38223543763160706,
-0.06863541901111603,
-0.05831389129161835,
-0.4237171411514282,
0.23367586731910706,
-0.15891890227794647,
0.18422889709472656,
0.30922698974609375,
-0.07004061341285706,
-0.3609730005264282,
-0.42276278138160706,
-0.1199951171875,
0.3040771484375,
0.3037275969982147,
-0.24940074980258942,
-0.10985495895147324,
0.11928816139698029,
0.04537564888596535,
0.10587935149669647,
0.02947087772190571,
-0.2170923352241516,
-0.23782625794410706,
-0.3395320773124695,
-0.7326216101646423,
0.36891868710517883,
-0.1321008801460266,
-0.3102472424507141,
-0.18823935091495514,
-0.24368008971214294,
-0.21528707444667816,
0.4901233911514282,
-0.4626908600330353,
0.6174982190132141,
0.58447265625,
0.22855447232723236,
0.5168235301971436,
0.06817939132452011,
0.5367098450660706,
0.3257945775985718,
0.5082002282142639,
0.5078790783882141,
-0.12406297028064728,
-0.2316131591796875,
-0.5610573291778564,
0.2500166594982147,
-0.4384099841117859,
-0.28030672669410706,
0.6023836731910706,
-0.1547796130180359,
0.1757562756538391,
0.20538052916526794,
0.5869806408882141,
0.12187402695417404,
0.4168812036514282,
-0.04673975333571434,
0.5006436705589294,
-0.01506527978926897,
0.33163174986839294,
-0.33152076601982117,
0.1581365466117859,
0.5023637413978577,
0.2719171643257141,
0.057378076016902924,
-0.09211592376232147,
0.6748490929603577,
0.44631126523017883,
0.14752613008022308,
-0.34121981263160706,
0.1745050549507141,
0.3317760229110718,
0.00575117627158761,
0.3760431408882141,
0.5988547801971436,
-0.13342007994651794,
-0.18276144564151764,
0.2763116955757141,
-0.19956277310848236,
-0.208892822265625,
0.057543668895959854,
0.0034833387471735477,
-0.247802734375,
0.19499622285366058,
0.307861328125,
-0.2708618938922882,
0.19523759186267853,
0.13316760957241058,
0.08999910950660706,
0.015558416023850441,
0.7124910950660706,
0.5082120299339294,
-0.27444180846214294,
-0.17982067167758942,
-0.08781155943870544,
0.1759698987007141,
-0.019692160189151764,
-0.03976856544613838,
0.6298384070396423,
-0.5338023900985718,
0.34622469544410706,
0.24984689056873322,
-0.4567316174507141,
0.38498756289482117,
-0.19084930419921875,
0.044808126986026764,
-0.19932278990745544,
-0.24205432832241058,
-0.5239701867103577,
-0.011344563215970993,
0.5200417041778564,
-0.2897893786430359,
0.14749006927013397,
-0.018829345703125,
-0.004985809326171875,
-0.05529646575450897,
-0.1976873278617859,
0.041229248046875,
0.44187232851982117,
-0.01352206151932478,
-0.2689208984375,
0.2636829614639282,
0.1652042269706726,
0.3415027856826782,
0.34341153502464294,
0.11222267150878906,
-0.11973848938941956,
0.32981178164482117,
-0.1293279528617859,
0.10299890488386154,
0.07620516419410706,
0.10191761702299118,
-0.2180120348930359,
-0.3610479235649109,
0.04676194489002228,
0.4740767180919647,
0.4044300317764282,
-0.05747014656662941,
0.0077656833454966545,
-0.20833517611026764,
0.5052157044410706,
0.6166881322860718,
0.4499067962169647,
-0.08930552750825882,
-0.22140225768089294,
0.026440881192684174,
0.4713911712169647,
-0.11548545211553574,
-0.1341393142938614,
-0.11685457825660706,
0.40536221861839294,
0.029641585424542427,
0.27398681640625,
0.3131048083305359,
-0.5423250794410706,
-0.32149991393089294,
0.12090509384870529,
-0.11948741227388382,
0.09178300201892853,
0.4799138903617859,
-0.12818075716495514,
0.3040604889392853,
0.31649503111839294,
-0.42350074648857117,
0.02383977733552456,
0.2694646716117859,
-0.07484158873558044,
0.14483642578125,
0.3347278833389282,
0.16150735318660736,
-0.0010570179438218474,
-0.16842374205589294,
0.18140481412410736,
0.5581942200660706,
0.12914346158504486,
0.15397505462169647,
0.05597270652651787,
0.3016912341117859,
0.11982310563325882,
0.015094930306077003,
-0.06064397469162941,
0.00630167406052351,
0.7029030323028564,
-0.19126753509044647,
-0.3824573755264282,
0.2521195709705353,
0.30038174986839294,
0.19045743346214294,
-0.19626687467098236,
-0.13393887877464294,
-0.1495305895805359,
0.03615483269095421,
-0.07313814759254456,
-0.048416830599308014,
-0.3493763208389282,
0.3415971100330353,
0.41233131289482117,
0.40529564023017883,
-0.1726434826850891,
-0.2355402112007141,
0.24535994231700897,
0.05843700096011162,
0.3612171411514282,
-0.12342417985200882,
0.3494873046875,
-0.16903963685035706,
0.31994906067848206,
-0.5184659361839294,
0.16670642793178558,
0.20593538880348206,
0.33835670351982117,
0.053370214998722076,
-0.08286909759044647,
0.20000110566616058,
-0.42928799986839294,
0.5511141419410706,
0.4901012182235718,
-0.06271917372941971,
-0.24591064453125,
0.352294921875,
0.43650123476982117,
0.3004705309867859,
0.20025634765625,
0.13829456269741058,
0.6073108911514282,
-0.030121196061372757,
0.012053056620061398,
-0.050414346158504486,
-0.392578125,
0.13576854765415192,
-0.012169578112661839,
-0.20233847200870514,
0.2575184106826782,
-0.19817005097866058,
0.3326526880264282,
0.21275745332241058,
0.54925537109375,
0.40126731991767883,
-0.41824617981910706,
0.032483186572790146,
-0.20416259765625,
0.23424182832241058,
0.23890824615955353,
0.26121798157691956,
-0.17763589322566986,
-0.2439434677362442,
-0.028181595727801323,
-0.15041646361351013,
-0.03996849060058594,
0.488037109375,
-0.1902777999639511,
0.4141068756580353,
0.38503196835517883,
0.015461314469575882,
0.19483532011508942,
-0.031563498079776764,
0.003063505282625556,
-0.25423917174339294,
-0.21162137389183044,
-0.06380462646484375,
-0.05953008309006691,
0.14597667753696442,
-0.20789684355258942,
-0.08153464645147324,
0.5281649231910706,
-0.3201349377632141,
0.19438032805919647,
0.040494050830602646,
0.3341730237007141,
0.022087790071964264,
0.22334150969982147,
-0.06406056135892868,
0.24591064453125,
-0.5251908898353577,
0.3521617650985718,
-0.11045143753290176,
0.3070206940174103,
-0.14277787506580353,
0.04793756827712059,
0.08609078079462051,
-0.44320401549339294,
-0.24854625761508942,
0.11948464065790176,
0.321533203125,
0.472412109375,
0.04408472403883934,
0.28182706236839294,
0.4422052502632141,
0.29123756289482117,
-0.0493316650390625,
0.20513916015625,
0.09574682265520096,
-0.1354425549507141,
0.09480008482933044,
-0.2586004137992859,
-0.39450904726982117,
0.2435302734375,
-0.39864835143089294,
0.026356089860200882,
-0.19268798828125,
0.08609841018915176,
-0.013398603536188602,
-0.11599592864513397,
0.15409158170223236,
0.1306908279657364,
0.16103987395763397,
0.26333895325660706,
0.2204034924507141,
-0.3239080309867859,
0.6167436242103577,
4.117364883422852,
0.287841796875,
0.09496376663446426,
0.2869831323623657,
-0.25791236758232117,
-0.0010695024393498898,
-0.04882951080799103,
-0.11669956892728806,
-0.14546480774879456,
0.0005215731798671186,
-0.30808326601982117,
0.13490433990955353,
0.20463977754116058,
0.22366194427013397,
-0.0007220181287266314,
0.3179820775985718,
0.4293989837169647,
-0.0015361092519015074,
0.11713895201683044,
0.2989612817764282,
-0.3522283434867859,
0.7228559851646423,
0.03741871193051338,
0.2978644073009491,
0.5970125794410706,
0.3118175268173218,
-0.3218994140625,
-0.07206621766090393,
0.2279670089483261,
0.10058316588401794,
0.43441495299339294,
0.1630304455757141,
0.3232865631580353,
0.0340857058763504,
-0.4671075940132141,
-0.02941131591796875,
0.265869140625,
0.18617387115955353,
0.3411976099014282,
0.15843339264392853,
-0.36171653866767883,
-0.06351817399263382,
0.10974676162004471,
0.4275568127632141,
0.20939497649669647,
-0.2196863293647766,
0.3708606958389282,
0.594482421875,
-0.13173536956310272,
0.13411642611026764,
0.1927434802055359,
-0.14946122467517853,
-0.2395886480808258,
-0.0025104174856096506,
0.2729547619819641,
0.45572176575660706,
0.44216087460517883,
0.2705188989639282,
0.2460382580757141,
0.14557161927223206,
-0.2867931127548218,
-0.20102761685848236,
0.010319449938833714,
-0.2537730932235718,
-0.4957941174507141,
-0.008454062975943089,
0.13873256742954254,
0.4589732885360718,
0.10910329222679138,
0.09050646424293518,
0.5978338122367859,
0.3061079680919647,
0.4938853979110718,
-0.33175382018089294,
0.2709850072860718,
-0.16372299194335938,
-0.15889635682106018,
-0.20737527310848236,
-0.11500410735607147,
0.06562666594982147,
0.07915150374174118,
-0.17046009004116058,
-0.14996615052223206,
-0.05725756660103798,
-0.1701861321926117,
0.55224609375,
0.3854259252548218,
-0.33391502499580383,
0.5235484838485718,
0.10267361998558044,
0.08584871888160706,
0.011882435530424118,
0.12455055862665176,
0.07687932997941971,
0.07558319717645645,
-0.0986328125,
-0.05500342696905136,
-3.984375,
0.11229775100946426,
-0.08353354781866074,
-0.33986595273017883,
0.11216458678245544,
0.012729818001389503,
0.020851265639066696,
0.5997647643089294,
-0.4615589380264282,
-0.1993657946586609,
-0.2248992919921875,
0.022210555151104927,
-0.36624422669410706,
0.55126953125,
0.07032220810651779,
0.2574726343154907,
0.2976740002632141,
0.28607177734375,
0.29373446106910706,
-0.075469970703125,
0.02490897662937641,
0.1364954113960266,
0.48934659361839294,
-0.482402503490448,
-0.28667935729026794,
0.1539251208305359,
-0.06371480971574783,
-0.13527999818325043,
0.4208207428455353,
0.19240500032901764,
-0.13449929654598236,
0.24791093170642853,
0.6002752184867859,
-0.30568626523017883,
-0.01123046875,
0.4051624536514282,
0.4079478979110718,
0.1844976544380188,
0.249298095703125,
0.4827103912830353,
-0.15779252350330353,
-0.08050736784934998,
0.35445889830589294,
0.34383878111839294,
0.07380537688732147,
-0.10855379700660706,
-0.02075750194489956,
0.11638294905424118,
-0.10570179671049118,
-0.26470947265625,
0.6262872815132141,
0.4792924225330353,
0.0657019168138504,
0.08612060546875,
0.6029163599014282,
-0.36789217591285706,
0.25659075379371643,
-0.159393310546875,
0.09514825791120529,
0.08386507630348206,
0.0003363869327586144,
-0.14058303833007812,
0.0007265264284797013,
-0.09006153792142868,
0.3546336889266968,
0.06611494719982147,
0.14766068756580353,
0.2907520532608032,
0.20895662903785706,
-0.31289950013160706,
-0.06711647659540176,
-0.06281626969575882,
0.10760498046875,
0.24892355501651764,
0.0860394537448883,
-0.008813858032226562,
-0.23344837129116058,
0.08642231673002243,
0.24976696074008942,
0.11866066604852676,
-0.2077081799507141,
0.137725830078125,
-0.4873712658882141,
0.2755570709705353,
2.1232244968414307,
0.35311612486839294,
2.239701747894287,
0.6528542041778564,
-0.23999856412410736,
0.41725853085517883,
0.08449900895357132,
0.43943092226982117,
-0.0015924627659842372,
0.27303245663642883,
0.09816117584705353,
0.3403209447860718,
0.13002152740955353,
0.2281494140625,
-0.026813853532075882,
-0.09426602721214294,
0.2741255462169647,
-0.8340953588485718,
0.09482920914888382,
-0.19285999238491058,
0.21974875032901764,
0.027217518538236618,
0.0018144086934626102,
0.4797807037830353,
0.04954494163393974,
-0.12149325013160706,
-0.35054710507392883,
0.15640951693058014,
0.1429419070482254,
-0.4912109375,
-0.3529829680919647,
-0.11279296875,
0.255859375,
0.5713556408882141,
-0.1769305169582367,
0.3784845471382141,
0.12730823457241058,
4.702769756317139,
0.1634271740913391,
-0.02414044551551342,
0.355712890625,
0.22256746888160706,
0.2338811755180359,
0.22438187897205353,
-0.24222078919410706,
0.1956232190132141,
0.7614967823028564,
-0.13441814482212067,
-0.14618997275829315,
0.2247675061225891,
-0.08661443740129471,
0.08823880553245544,
0.04212813079357147,
0.06634521484375,
0.04630626365542412,
0.10726651549339294,
-0.06680089980363846,
0.1264599859714508,
-0.07605119049549103,
0.31307151913642883,
-0.31044700741767883,
0.47940340638160706,
0.1031036376953125,
0.4205877184867859,
-0.16513997316360474,
-0.10848262161016464,
0.3581653833389282,
0.4566816985607147,
5.470880508422852,
0.283203125,
0.5862482190132141,
0.12179253250360489,
0.06589577347040176,
0.12978293001651764,
-0.2101495862007141,
-0.07657831162214279,
-0.11330067366361618,
-0.15348123013973236,
-0.07127172499895096,
0.23403653502464294,
-0.10943984985351562,
0.26988843083381653,
0.1026965081691742,
0.2312677502632141,
-0.13929055631160736,
0.02630823291838169,
-0.11373069137334824,
-0.5094770789146423,
0.6778897643089294,
0.05775867775082588,
0.06482522934675217,
-0.1795654296875,
-0.03774053230881691,
-0.09958579391241074,
0.10127674788236618,
0.12864303588867188,
-0.09111161530017853,
0.16213156282901764,
0.15874966979026794,
0.06061345711350441,
-0.09725397080183029,
0.5142933130264282,
-0.23487438261508942,
0.2402898669242859,
-0.06281089782714844,
-0.040066804736852646,
0.16635270416736603,
-0.13173051178455353,
0.21706442534923553,
0.24490079283714294,
-0.09744539856910706,
0.3300004303455353,
0.10836904495954514,
0.13262315094470978,
-0.03554534912109375,
-0.03723283112049103,
0.046594273298978806,
0.022914540022611618,
0.23632535338401794,
0.0848541259765625,
1.1543856859207153,
0.25784578919410706,
-0.00047345596249215305,
0.3210560083389282,
-0.37906160950660706,
-0.3215775787830353,
0.10924876481294632,
0.051971435546875,
0.5553866028785706,
0.18621826171875,
0.11695463210344315,
0.5285422801971436,
0.3514293432235718,
0.17191939055919647,
0.47646263241767883,
-0.10796286910772324,
0.6660600304603577,
-0.18461470305919647,
0.3263383209705353,
-0.024922458454966545,
-0.1946355700492859,
0.27999046444892883,
0.04365678131580353,
0.4702203869819641,
-0.07022164016962051,
-0.14309483766555786,
0.13093151152133942,
-0.280582070350647,
-0.3460582494735718,
-0.14916715025901794,
-0.4413396716117859,
-0.3157848119735718,
-0.16719193756580353,
-0.14751920104026794,
-0.036881186068058014,
-0.21699662506580353,
0.6293057799339294,
0.08976329118013382,
-0.12959636747837067,
-0.05837041512131691,
-0.3050426244735718,
0.39447298645973206,
0.09071696549654007,
-0.01922607421875,
0.5152143836021423,
0.1445409655570984,
0.17384476959705353,
0.32822486758232117,
-0.23166170716285706,
-0.05364617332816124,
0.2043200433254242,
-0.18524585664272308,
0.4105335474014282,
0.08879921585321426,
0.03731120750308037,
0.09642618149518967,
-0.18274758756160736,
0.3066961169242859,
0.42049893736839294,
0.1477307379245758,
-0.24961160123348236,
0.26540306210517883,
-0.4694380462169647
] |
2107
|
When was Grand Theft Auto the video game first released?
|
[
{
"docid": "23307442#0",
"text": "Grand Theft Auto is an action-adventure video game developed by DMA Design and published by BMG Interactive. It was first released in Europe and North America in October 1997 for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows. It was later re-released on 12 December 1997 in Europe and 30 June 1998 in North America for the PlayStation. It is the first instalment of the \"Grand Theft Auto\" series, to be followed by 1999's \"Grand Theft Auto 2\". The series, which has led to five main entries and several special edition games over 16 years, has sold more than 150 million units as of September 2013. The story follows a group of criminals in three fictionalised versions of US cities as they perform bank robberies, assassinations, and other illegal activities for their respective crime syndicates.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto (video game)"
},
{
"docid": "429574#0",
"text": "Grand Theft Auto 2 is an action-adventure video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 22 October 1999 for Microsoft Windows and the PlayStation, followed by Dreamcast and Game Boy Color releases in 2000. It is the sequel to 1997's \"Grand Theft Auto\", part of the \"Grand Theft Auto\" series. The open world design lets players freely roam Anywhere City, the setting of the game.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto 2"
},
{
"docid": "1355448#5",
"text": "\"Grand Theft Auto\", the first game in the series, was released for Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS in October 1997, ported to the PlayStation in 1998 and the Game Boy Color in 1999. \"Grand Theft Auto 2\" was released in 1999 for Microsoft Windows, later receiving ports on the PlayStation, Dreamcast and Game Boy Color.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "2458869#0",
"text": "\"Grand Theft Auto III\" is an open world action adventure video game, released on 21 October 2001 for PlayStation 2. It is part of the \"Grand Theft Auto\" video game franchise, developed by Rockstar Games and is the first installment in the third generation of the series. As with future installments, \"Grand Theft Auto III\" features several major, supporting and minor characters.",
"title": "List of Grand Theft Auto III characters"
},
{
"docid": "2300721#3",
"text": "Following its announcement in May 2006, \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" was widely anticipated. Upon release, the game received universal critical acclaim, with praise particularly directed at the game's narrative and open world design. However, the game also generated controversy, with criticism directed at the game's depiction of violence and players' ability to drive under the influence of alcohol. \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" broke industry sales records and became the fastest-selling entertainment product in history at the time, earning in its first day and $500 million in its first week. Considered one of the most significant titles of the seventh generation of video games, and by many critics as one of the greatest video games of all time, it won year-end accolades, including Game of the Year awards from several gaming publications. Its successor, \"Grand Theft Auto V\", was released in September 2013.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto IV"
},
{
"docid": "4437430#19",
"text": "With the arrival of the seventh generation of video game consoles, the first \"next-gen\" \"Grand Theft Auto\" clones were released in 2006, beginning with \"Saints Row\" from 2006 and \"Crackdown\" from 2007 both introduced online multiplayer to the genre, a feature that had been requested by many fans. \"Crackdown\" attracted attention for being created by David Jones, the developer of the original \"Grand Theft Auto\", and featured the ability to develop the player character's superpowers in a semi-futuristic setting. Meanwhile, \"\" and \"\" entered the market in 2006, and attempted to apply the \"Grand Theft Auto\" formula to popular movie franchises. Still, reviewers continued to measure these games against the standard set by the \"Grand Theft Auto\" series. \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" was released in April 2008 and featured a large, detailed environment, redefining gameplay and even adopted the GPS navigation system seen in \"Saints Row\". The game broke numerous sales records, including the record for the fastest selling game in its first 24 hours. Since its inception, this genre has evolved to include larger settings, more missions, and a wider range of vehicles. In 2010, Rockstar Games published \"Red Dead Redemption\", an open world Western themed game. On the day of \"Grand Theft Auto V\" 's release on September 17, 2013, Volition released a free downloadable content pack for \"Saints Row IV\" titled \"GATV\", purposely playing the similarity in the abbreviated titles to promote their game due to the confusion raised on various social networks.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto clone"
},
{
"docid": "362641#0",
"text": "Grand Theft Auto III is an action-adventure video game developed by DMA Design and published by Rockstar Games. It was released in October 2001 for the PlayStation 2, in May 2002 for Microsoft Windows, and in October 2003 for the Xbox. An enhanced version of the game was released on mobile platforms in 2011, for the game's tenth anniversary. It is the fifth title in the \"Grand Theft Auto\" series, and the first main entry since 1999's \"Grand Theft Auto 2\". Set within the fictional Liberty City, based on New York City, the game follows Claude after he is left for dead and quickly becomes entangled in a world of gangs, crime and corruption.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto III"
},
{
"docid": "497525#0",
"text": "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 26 October 2004 for PlayStation 2, and on 7 June 2005 for Microsoft Windows and Xbox. A high definition remastered version received a physical release for both Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 on 30 June 2015 and 1 December 2015, respectively. It is the seventh title in the \"Grand Theft Auto\" series, and the first main entry since 2002's \"\". It was released on the same day as the handheld game \"Grand Theft Auto Advance\" for Game Boy Advance. On 8 June 2018, the game was added to the Xbox One Backward Compatible library.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas"
},
{
"docid": "15876793#0",
"text": "\"Grand Theft Auto IV\" is the first title in the third generation of the best-selling \"Grand Theft Auto\" video game franchise developed by Rockstar North which was released on 29 April 2008. As the release date approached, Rockstar had been marketing the game heavily. Rockstar's marketing has come in many forms, including television ads, internet video, viral marketing, and a redesigned web site. There was even a mural of a prostitute named Lola painted on the side of a building in SoHo, New York.",
"title": "Marketing for Grand Theft Auto IV"
},
{
"docid": "426793#17",
"text": "On 17 September 2013, the studio released \"Grand Theft Auto V\" on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, which became one of the most critically acclaimed games ever. The game was a return to the fictional city of Los Santos, last seen in \"Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas\". The game also introduced multiple playable characters for the first time in the series, allowing players to switch between Franklin, Michael and Trevor. It quickly became the studio's most commercially successful release, as well as one of the highest-grossing video games of all time, surpassing the total gross of \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" within its first week and breaking the one-day gross record for video games.",
"title": "Rockstar North"
},
{
"docid": "238677#0",
"text": "Grand Theft Auto: Vice City is an action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 29 October 2002 for the PlayStation 2, on 12 May 2003 for Microsoft Windows, and on 31 October 2003 for the Xbox. An enhanced version was released for mobile platforms in 2012, for the game's tenth anniversary. It is the sixth title in the \"Grand Theft Auto\" series and the first main entry since 2001's \"Grand Theft Auto III\". Set within the fictional Vice City, based on Miami, the game follows Tommy Vercetti following his release from prison. After he is caught up in an ambushed drug deal, he seeks out those responsible while building a criminal empire and seizing power from other criminal organisations in the city.",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto: Vice City"
},
{
"docid": "1355448#8",
"text": "\"Grand Theft Auto\" has spawned numerous additional games and expansion packs. In 1999, the original game received two expansion packs: \"\" and \"\". \"Grand Theft Auto Advance\", released in 2004 for the Game Boy Advance, featured a top-down perspective. Three games were released for the PlayStation Portable. The 2005 game \"\" is a prequel to \"Grand Theft Auto III\", while the 2006 game \"\" is a prequel to \"Vice City\"; both games were later ported to the PlayStation 2. In 2009, \"\" was released for the Nintendo DS, and later ported to the PlayStation Portable. In 2009, \"\" and \"\" were released for the Xbox 360 as expansion packs to \"Grand Theft Auto IV\"; a \"strategic alliance\" between Rockstar and Microsoft resulted in the timed exclusivity. They were later released on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and Microsoft Windows as part of a compilation, titled \"Grand Theft Auto: Episodes from Liberty City\".",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto"
}
] |
[
0.05440213158726692,
-0.11784421652555466,
-0.07176707684993744,
0.03378237038850784,
-0.019000787287950516,
0.19163043797016144,
0.5892239809036255,
-0.26626351475715637,
0.450927734375,
0.21330378949642181,
0.03555767238140106,
-0.3224346339702606,
-0.054964579641819,
0.39249128103256226,
0.26901715993881226,
-0.23065567016601562,
0.5095027089118958,
0.14598582684993744,
0.02966044470667839,
0.11876033246517181,
-0.13387709856033325,
0.49753981828689575,
0.07162534445524216,
-0.08511000126600266,
-0.15855056047439575,
-0.03830190747976303,
-0.11870721727609634,
0.49322038888931274,
0.19110225141048431,
0.5219163298606873,
0.32570236921310425,
-0.058550283312797546,
-0.12374643236398697,
0.5183058381080627,
-0.3330078125,
0.37688738107681274,
0.2533428370952606,
0.19555194675922394,
0.49464768171310425,
0.22513991594314575,
-0.08529457449913025,
-0.20491409301757812,
0.46685320138931274,
-0.010059063322842121,
0.726149320602417,
0.46413010358810425,
-0.05980154126882553,
-0.03135094419121742,
-0.18709887564182281,
0.0008704845677129924,
-0.33176833391189575,
-0.07817664742469788,
-0.31788986921310425,
0.2693246603012085,
-0.19224078953266144,
0.8817232847213745,
-0.3584829568862915,
0.083251953125,
0.39467209577560425,
0.10780452191829681,
0.11246226727962494,
0.0069788419641554356,
-0.1522146314382553,
-0.1176009550690651,
0.2137327939271927,
0.15818844735622406,
-0.08589759469032288,
0.32952409982681274,
0.010723407380282879,
-0.20603591203689575,
-0.006634345278143883,
0.33733659982681274,
0.46245867013931274,
-0.016325730830430984,
-0.17397132515907288,
-0.2859638035297394,
-0.09184030443429947,
0.008537879213690758,
0.2669583857059479,
-0.6888145804405212,
0.19560006260871887,
-0.3578350245952606,
-0.45867449045181274,
0.30708277225494385,
-0.07002610713243484,
0.45815804600715637,
-0.08140270411968231,
0.24076461791992188,
0.17728130519390106,
0.40737679600715637,
0.25314566493034363,
-0.27241164445877075,
-0.005729088559746742,
0.17334380745887756,
0.10182894021272659,
0.240478515625,
0.20727774500846863,
-0.256081223487854,
0.14687640964984894,
-0.20925594866275787,
0.020478762686252594,
-0.14772121608257294,
-0.1422148495912552,
0.1527281552553177,
0.19071608781814575,
-0.32622820138931274,
-0.3587177097797394,
0.22240623831748962,
0.3507549464702606,
0.27890250086784363,
0.3045278787612915,
-0.02162933349609375,
0.15205265581607819,
-0.041408833116292953,
0.307525634765625,
0.25193434953689575,
0.34638330340385437,
-0.07381498068571091,
-0.2480093091726303,
-0.7604604959487915,
0.24998825788497925,
0.3561917841434479,
-0.17788931727409363,
-0.16690944135189056,
-0.15944026410579681,
-0.4163301885128021,
0.5814114809036255,
-0.13914138078689575,
0.802659273147583,
0.33920523524284363,
-0.008286695927381516,
0.06423597782850266,
0.36111214756965637,
0.5970740914344788,
-0.01949075609445572,
-0.31892746686935425,
0.45260855555534363,
0.031009379774332047,
-0.15679696202278137,
-0.24195274710655212,
-0.09105271846055984,
0.33433181047439575,
0.3819673955440521,
0.5465369820594788,
-0.07162006199359894,
0.05660702660679817,
0.31809645891189575,
0.5020470023155212,
0.2669583857059479,
0.4443734884262085,
0.3921743631362915,
-0.06640859693288803,
-0.06429819017648697,
0.54638671875,
0.1597408950328827,
0.06637925654649734,
0.521240234375,
-0.02736949920654297,
-0.19052359461784363,
0.2327493578195572,
0.6151028871536255,
0.2994478642940521,
0.013091747649013996,
-0.30111223459243774,
0.24303260445594788,
0.08894465863704681,
-0.024775872007012367,
0.44317156076431274,
0.5651292204856873,
-0.016762366518378258,
-0.1728280931711197,
-0.03283926099538803,
0.2720102071762085,
0.05470077693462372,
-0.21567007899284363,
0.30405837297439575,
-0.6250657439231873,
0.13612014055252075,
-0.12151365727186203,
-0.47028058767318726,
0.168243408203125,
-0.006445958279073238,
0.393808513879776,
-0.04380211606621742,
0.7326847910881042,
0.08162806928157806,
-0.08878971636295319,
0.080963134765625,
-0.20739510655403137,
0.21200796961784363,
0.36040788888931274,
0.03226647153496742,
0.5591008067131042,
-0.34308332204818726,
0.1402587890625,
-0.09616792947053909,
-0.35178902745246887,
0.05626972019672394,
0.01857907883822918,
0.0050562345422804356,
-0.165740966796875,
0.14476364850997925,
-0.2944711446762085,
0.29104378819465637,
0.4982158839702606,
-0.16204246878623962,
-0.07007789611816406,
-0.16599419713020325,
-0.2545072138309479,
0.03996188938617706,
0.08293437957763672,
0.09742854535579681,
-0.03707357496023178,
0.22875507175922394,
0.16185584664344788,
0.48183968663215637,
-0.23994563519954681,
-0.14800819754600525,
0.30880972743034363,
0.3135235011577606,
-0.19467398524284363,
0.6002479195594788,
-0.060886088758707047,
-0.15756621956825256,
0.013545109890401363,
-0.18769249320030212,
-0.2523287236690521,
-0.5613825917243958,
0.17100173234939575,
0.48557692766189575,
0.04407794773578644,
0.33291861414909363,
0.04449411481618881,
-0.020880185067653656,
0.33372145891189575,
0.020718207582831383,
0.4561673700809479,
-0.09578294306993484,
0.13555938005447388,
-0.32651227712631226,
0.1422119140625,
0.21324275434017181,
-0.06275001168251038,
0.3130094110965729,
0.38136643171310425,
-0.29333731532096863,
0.5101600289344788,
0.34575241804122925,
-0.2278818041086197,
-0.06093303859233856,
0.16247794032096863,
0.24728980660438538,
-0.047413166612386703,
0.11627725511789322,
-0.431640625,
-0.18680045008659363,
0.15015587210655212,
0.1781240552663803,
0.06005331128835678,
0.2606670558452606,
0.06785231083631516,
0.3330547511577606,
0.4322040379047394,
0.473388671875,
-0.07330556958913803,
-0.11881431937217712,
0.12184377759695053,
0.4630972146987915,
-0.2504037618637085,
0.07536081224679947,
0.7580003142356873,
-0.3534780740737915,
-0.19562236964702606,
0.1667245775461197,
0.04495268687605858,
-0.31386154890060425,
-0.03463422507047653,
0.5631666779518127,
-0.1933623105287552,
0.10996305197477341,
0.25149300694465637,
0.06911996752023697,
-0.3500131368637085,
-0.27950578927993774,
0.1437002271413803,
-0.0038381724152714014,
0.20843857526779175,
-0.15532039105892181,
-0.03458580747246742,
-0.3046053349971771,
0.16440875828266144,
0.5433631539344788,
-0.021307431161403656,
-0.3532010614871979,
-0.05138690769672394,
0.16628792881965637,
0.2551363408565521,
0.11728257685899734,
-0.034359272569417953,
-0.09776423871517181,
0.6621187925338745,
-0.5592322945594788,
-0.12851303815841675,
0.4395658075809479,
-0.09362205862998962,
-0.10233835130929947,
-0.16737303137779236,
0.16948993504047394,
-0.018026791512966156,
-0.03226177394390106,
0.46625226736068726,
-0.4883563816547394,
-0.09001922607421875,
0.34140250086784363,
0.4718862771987915,
0.8540414571762085,
0.5085355043411255,
0.08551612496376038,
0.6724759340286255,
0.09908705204725266,
0.06890869140625,
-0.1476369947195053,
-0.3738544285297394,
-0.07108131051063538,
0.11045955121517181,
-0.6500149965286255,
-0.18911507725715637,
-0.1841360181570053,
0.3126972019672394,
0.07168813794851303,
0.4657686650753021,
0.4256497919559479,
-0.3715914189815521,
-0.15100567042827606,
-0.04595492407679558,
0.10906410217285156,
-0.1346893310546875,
0.4195650517940521,
-0.20269539952278137,
-0.17910884320735931,
0.23692439496517181,
-0.37053972482681274,
-0.08364090323448181,
0.13860145211219788,
0.05913484841585159,
-0.25392502546310425,
0.14410194754600525,
0.07823122292757034,
0.24882625043392181,
0.16274555027484894,
0.4383075535297394,
0.07241468876600266,
-0.12207412719726562,
0.06827486306428909,
0.39569562673568726,
0.2771970331668854,
0.06985513865947723,
0.09614680707454681,
0.4261380732059479,
-0.16713762283325195,
0.29983285069465637,
0.23183968663215637,
0.5104792714118958,
0.07999654859304428,
0.46604567766189575,
-0.04546121507883072,
-0.07850529253482819,
-0.10606501996517181,
-0.0976521447300911,
0.27966779470443726,
-0.11775802075862885,
0.2134775072336197,
0.027568083256483078,
0.11561936885118484,
-0.025885067880153656,
-0.06233246624469757,
0.06384746730327606,
0.33756667375564575,
0.42959359288215637,
0.5002816915512085,
0.4702899754047394,
0.512451171875,
0.31870681047439575,
-0.02912609465420246,
-0.27682730555534363,
-0.10275503247976303,
-0.010849879123270512,
-0.02586650848388672,
0.015558683313429356,
0.03959890455007553,
0.6425593495368958,
-0.24525099992752075,
0.08607248216867447,
-0.3422945439815521,
0.13580366969108582,
-0.15395882725715637,
0.060242872685194016,
0.4028249979019165,
0.2388540357351303,
-0.20950081944465637,
0.027037693187594414,
0.5918907523155212,
0.37013596296310425,
0.4889009892940521,
4.095853328704834,
0.08819638937711716,
-0.015662413090467453,
-0.14866402745246887,
-0.2667142450809479,
-0.20707820355892181,
0.19399788975715637,
-0.2027048021554947,
-0.015023891814053059,
-0.3117300271987915,
0.3023306131362915,
0.11340449750423431,
0.12959490716457367,
-0.15150569379329681,
-0.016835268586874008,
0.1286800056695938,
0.18642014265060425,
-0.07518944144248962,
0.41449445486068726,
0.17853252589702606,
-0.2704984247684479,
0.2859262228012085,
0.156861811876297,
0.652024507522583,
0.6007267832756042,
-0.17866867780685425,
0.17526127398014069,
-0.15329214930534363,
0.5487342476844788,
0.29256027936935425,
0.6453199982643127,
-0.11714994162321091,
0.5019906759262085,
0.19809195399284363,
-0.7605543732643127,
0.1888304501771927,
0.38303786516189575,
0.04245992749929428,
0.27341872453689575,
-0.21138118207454681,
-0.16643817722797394,
0.17677658796310425,
0.5517672300338745,
0.3192044794559479,
0.38853102922439575,
-0.26281973719596863,
-0.10967430472373962,
0.6590858101844788,
0.15679462254047394,
-0.3084966242313385,
0.14288212358951569,
-0.25183576345443726,
-0.29563552141189575,
-0.0673828125,
0.21987679600715637,
0.45986703038215637,
0.422119140625,
0.45981070399284363,
-0.18884512782096863,
-0.03586519509553909,
0.08126596361398697,
-0.11461698263883591,
0.32749587297439575,
0.22685359418392181,
-0.21389535069465637,
-0.13385948538780212,
0.211017906665802,
0.7020169496536255,
-0.11242088675498962,
-0.02729533240199089,
0.4089261591434479,
0.33471208810806274,
0.40420296788215637,
-0.20289963483810425,
-0.10165493190288544,
0.04525463283061981,
-0.13848289847373962,
-0.03866254538297653,
0.0018091935198754072,
-0.16431547701358795,
0.23682549595832825,
-0.29128792881965637,
-0.007554567884653807,
0.29957932233810425,
-0.07185246050357819,
0.5278508067131042,
0.06657057255506516,
-0.43765023350715637,
0.4523550271987915,
-0.04345028102397919,
0.5580679178237915,
0.20238788425922394,
0.060438890010118484,
-0.16943007707595825,
0.23932354152202606,
0.07897098362445831,
0.04563317075371742,
-4.048377513885498,
-0.05024953931570053,
-0.2274404615163803,
-0.013245069421827793,
0.07713670283555984,
0.2419973462820053,
0.34490495920181274,
0.4310678243637085,
-0.29213303327560425,
0.3170259892940521,
-0.05537942796945572,
0.1903563290834427,
-0.12515141069889069,
0.22920814156532288,
0.1745278239250183,
-0.028004279360175133,
0.4471341669559479,
0.267333984375,
0.24956806004047394,
-0.13090279698371887,
-0.22677847743034363,
0.2903677225112915,
0.36831429600715637,
-0.33781638741493225,
0.13725398480892181,
0.07279029488563538,
-0.07233839482069016,
-0.19389460980892181,
0.12016226351261139,
0.24228140711784363,
-0.2770526707172394,
-0.11698238551616669,
0.3190824091434479,
-0.31000226736068726,
0.19540640711784363,
0.09228603541851044,
0.24224853515625,
-0.2679302394390106,
0.5658991932868958,
0.22178298234939575,
-0.2106170654296875,
-0.12334735691547394,
0.39918869733810425,
0.19352839887142181,
-0.14430823922157288,
-0.29645246267318726,
-0.21602219343185425,
-0.15857990086078644,
-0.3006826639175415,
0.050693217664957047,
-0.11092435568571091,
0.03032713755965233,
-0.2542255222797394,
0.3466890752315521,
0.5544058084487915,
-0.17814284563064575,
0.17734938859939575,
-0.009334270842373371,
0.30658429861068726,
0.057692453265190125,
0.13129836320877075,
-0.06206571310758591,
0.20905479788780212,
0.2158731371164322,
0.030836839228868484,
-0.22310462594032288,
0.07219637185335159,
-0.04941499978303909,
0.3653247654438019,
-0.3680326044559479,
0.5482835173606873,
0.17908184230327606,
-0.08995643258094788,
0.15663322806358337,
0.22471500933170319,
0.3307729959487915,
-0.32565543055534363,
-0.3368389308452606,
0.785719633102417,
0.4443734884262085,
-0.172943115234375,
0.16063278913497925,
-0.34775015711784363,
0.42621320486068726,
2.218299388885498,
0.49077898263931274,
2.019456148147583,
0.4084378778934479,
-0.05942828953266144,
0.13865192234516144,
-0.1814199537038803,
0.11113504320383072,
0.1158890351653099,
0.30459123849868774,
-0.3453275263309479,
0.11532974243164062,
0.046151380985975266,
0.3853384256362915,
0.00012727883586194366,
-0.053692158311605453,
0.3499661982059479,
-1.049335241317749,
0.1738046556711197,
-0.48334211111068726,
0.15630516409873962,
-0.0595550537109375,
0.030855325981974602,
0.3582974970340729,
0.4926851689815521,
0.23537033796310425,
-0.21845890581607819,
0.03275122866034508,
0.19955679774284363,
-0.0018245989922434092,
-0.14721210300922394,
0.025725731626152992,
0.4538198709487915,
0.2608126103878021,
0.3672109842300415,
0.2520751953125,
-0.04993145167827606,
4.779447078704834,
-0.020102867856621742,
-0.3207538425922394,
0.050037678331136703,
-0.11990855634212494,
0.17255577445030212,
0.5987266898155212,
-0.13402850925922394,
0.2040780931711197,
-0.19294621050357819,
0.5879094004631042,
0.044600266963243484,
-0.07567420601844788,
-0.07788907736539841,
-0.0003110445395577699,
0.36528074741363525,
-0.14020691812038422,
0.15700824558734894,
0.5715707540512085,
0.24038460850715637,
0.2859356105327606,
0.33164626359939575,
0.17751488089561462,
-0.11160747706890106,
-0.07211069017648697,
0.00083160400390625,
-0.06251085549592972,
-0.4334622919559479,
0.029895782470703125,
0.08684950321912766,
0.31062668561935425,
5.439903736114502,
-0.17895390093326569,
-0.0053159273229539394,
-0.25941818952560425,
-0.08926479518413544,
0.2484975904226303,
0.07944429665803909,
0.04178626835346222,
-0.29574820399284363,
-0.038562480360269547,
-0.19000479578971863,
0.024900950491428375,
0.10302499681711197,
0.7187875509262085,
0.11491746455430984,
0.2224813550710678,
-0.11845045536756516,
0.02454669587314129,
0.29980939626693726,
-0.25985953211784363,
0.5404991507530212,
-0.20039954781532288,
0.11778963357210159,
-0.2705312967300415,
0.06571842730045319,
-0.28436279296875,
-0.1829833984375,
0.08311580121517181,
-0.1641164869070053,
-0.21501746773719788,
0.24858210980892181,
0.1518930345773697,
0.010516240261495113,
0.2434927076101303,
-0.18236365914344788,
0.3924936056137085,
0.06469961255788803,
0.027360182255506516,
0.27116629481315613,
-0.13339468836784363,
0.2205810546875,
0.7353515625,
-0.4362699091434479,
-0.2383657544851303,
-0.06634433567523956,
0.05394216626882553,
-0.14628718793392181,
-0.10597346723079681,
-0.08182936161756516,
-0.054386433213949203,
0.24341414868831635,
-0.06333805620670319,
0.8370267152786255,
-0.07500751316547394,
0.3081125020980835,
-0.0013486421667039394,
-0.023713625967502594,
0.18126267194747925,
-0.39333871006965637,
-0.3212796747684479,
0.40426871180534363,
0.14870980381965637,
0.09640752524137497,
0.19565171003341675,
0.3085843622684479,
0.28117018938064575,
0.3323575556278229,
-0.10226733982563019,
0.5171086192131042,
-0.12253093719482422,
-0.07854579389095306,
0.3772348165512085,
0.15395882725715637,
0.05632319673895836,
0.014277531765401363,
0.263580322265625,
0.16620606184005737,
-0.23574593663215637,
-0.372231125831604,
-0.26395124197006226,
-0.15449172258377075,
-0.09950608760118484,
-0.515061616897583,
-0.16279953718185425,
0.07928863167762756,
-0.03479590639472008,
-0.06393667310476303,
0.08091501146554947,
0.3978177607059479,
0.12133319675922394,
0.27859261631965637,
0.3809345066547394,
-0.10656385868787766,
0.41689828038215637,
-0.011888944543898106,
0.12160550802946091,
0.42739632725715637,
-0.03618856519460678,
0.32129377126693726,
-0.10487718135118484,
-0.06310056149959564,
0.2428964525461197,
-0.12322880327701569,
-0.11826734989881516,
0.18669246137142181,
-0.0733642578125,
0.17481407523155212,
-0.0591888427734375,
0.17067116498947144,
-0.049315232783555984,
0.4086538553237915,
0.6357421875,
-0.06094595044851303,
-0.13311122357845306,
-0.2110595703125
] |
2108
|
When was the last smallpox outbreak?
|
[
{
"docid": "729623#0",
"text": "The 1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak was the last major outbreak of smallpox in Europe. It was centred in Kosovo and Belgrade (both then part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). A Muslim pilgrim had contracted the smallpox virus in the Middle East. Upon returning to his home in Kosovo, he started the epidemic in which 175 people were infected, 35 of whom died. The epidemic was efficiently contained by enforced quarantine and mass vaccination. The 1982 film \"Variola Vera\" is based on the event.",
"title": "1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak"
},
{
"docid": "16829895#44",
"text": "The last major European outbreak of smallpox was in 1972 in Yugoslavia, after a pilgrim from Kosovo returned from the Middle East, where he had contracted the virus. The epidemic infected 175 people, causing 35 deaths. Authorities declared martial law, enforced quarantine, and undertook widespread re-vaccination of the population, enlisting the help of the WHO. In two months, the outbreak was over. Prior to this, there had been a smallpox outbreak in May–July 1963 in Stockholm, Sweden, brought from the Far East by a Swedish sailor; this had been dealt with by quarantine measures and vaccination of the local population.",
"title": "Smallpox"
},
{
"docid": "16829895#47",
"text": "The last cases of smallpox in the world occurred in an outbreak of two cases (one of which was fatal) in Birmingham, United Kingdom, in 1978. A medical photographer, Janet Parker, contracted the disease at the University of Birmingham Medical School and died on 11 September 1978. Professor Henry Bedson, the scientist responsible for smallpox research at the university, killed himself. All known stocks of smallpox were subsequently destroyed or transferred to two WHO-designated reference laboratories with BSL-4 facilities – the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Russia's State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR.",
"title": "Smallpox"
},
{
"docid": "42326285#1",
"text": "The last cases of smallpox occurred in an outbreak of two cases, one of which was fatal, in Birmingham, UK, in 1978. A medical photographer, Janet Parker, contracted the disease at the University of Birmingham Medical School and died on September 11, 1978. In light of this incident, all known stocks of smallpox were destroyed or transferred to one of two WHO reference laboratories which had BSL-4 facilities—the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States and the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR in Koltsovo, Russia. Since 1984, these two labs have been the only ones authorized by the WHO to hold stocks of live smallpox virus.",
"title": "Smallpox virus retention controversy"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "40902033#0",
"text": "The 1947 New York City smallpox outbreak occurred in March, 1947 and was declared ended on April 24, 1947. The outbreak marked two milestones for America. First, it was the largest mass vaccination effort ever conducted for smallpox in America, and second, it marked the last outbreak of smallpox in America. Within three weeks of the discovery of the outbreak, the U.S. Public Health Service, in conjunction with New York City health officials, had procured vaccine and inoculated over 6,350,000 adults and children. Of that number, 5,000,000 had been vaccinated within the first two weeks. The rapid response was credited with limiting the outbreak to 12 people, 10 of whom recovered, while 2 died.",
"title": "1947 New York City smallpox outbreak"
},
{
"docid": "5628767#8",
"text": "The containment efforts proved effective and, on 17 April 1978, WHO's Nairobi office sent a telegram stating: \"Search complete. No cases discovered. Ali Maow Maalin is the world's last known smallpox case.\" Although there was one further smallpox outbreak in 1978 acquired from a laboratory in Birmingham, UK, Maalin remains the last case of naturally acquired smallpox in the world. On 26 October 1979, two years after the day when Maalin's rash appeared, WHO declared that smallpox had been eradicated globally.",
"title": "Ali Maow Maalin"
},
{
"docid": "1754458#0",
"text": "The 1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom resulted in the death of Janet Parker, a British medical photographer, who became the last recorded person to die from smallpox. Her illness and death, which was connected to the deaths of two other people, led to an official government inquiry and triggered radical changes in how dangerous pathogens were studied in the UK. The government inquiry into Parker's death by R.A. Shooter found that while working at the University of Birmingham Medical School, she was accidentally exposed to a strain of smallpox virus that had been grown in a research laboratory on the floor below her workplace, and that the virus had most likely spread from that laboratory through ducting. Shooter's conclusion on how the virus had spread was challenged in court when the University of Birmingham was unsuccessfully prosecuted by the Health and Safety Executive for breach of Health and Safety legislation.",
"title": "1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"docid": "2152105#7",
"text": "The smallpox outbreaks from 1837–1840 had a 90% death rate among the Mandan. The two Mandan villages that had been in contact with Lewis and Clark suffered the horrific effects of the virus. The smallpox outbreak lasted from 1837–1838 and, out of 1,600 Mandan villagers, 31 survived. The smallpox epidemic was largely spread through the trading business. Despite warnings of outbreaks, Native Americans still visited trading posts and became exposed to the virus. Once the infected Mandan villages were empty, neighboring peoples raided the village for goods, but suffered after carrying back the virus via blankets, horses, and household tools.",
"title": "Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site"
},
{
"docid": "729623#2",
"text": "In October 1970, an Afghan family went on pilgrimage from Afghanistan, where smallpox was endemic, to Mashhad in Iran, triggering a massive epidemic of smallpox in Iran that would last until September 1972. By late 1971, smallpox-infected devotees on pilgrimage had carried the smallpox from Iran into Syria and Iraq.",
"title": "1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak"
},
{
"docid": "1754458#2",
"text": "Smallpox is an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants named \"Variola major\" and \"Variola minor\". The last naturally occurring infection was of \"Variola minor\" in Somalia in 1977. At the time of Parker's death, a laboratory at University of Birmingham Medical School was conducting research on variants of smallpox virus known as \"whitepox viruses\", which were considered to be a threat to the success of the World Health Organization's smallpox eradication programme.",
"title": "1978 smallpox outbreak in the United Kingdom"
}
] |
[
0.1302136480808258,
0.41237571835517883,
-0.5513361096382141,
0.4150224030017853,
0.11003529280424118,
-0.21542081236839294,
0.6099964380264282,
-0.3212335705757141,
0.2041570544242859,
0.3499312102794647,
-0.16436490416526794,
-0.21616433560848236,
-0.36227139830589294,
0.08712907135486603,
-0.10139881819486618,
-0.3997358977794647,
0.3558460474014282,
-0.19549837708473206,
-0.5757834911346436,
0.139617919921875,
-0.04262750968337059,
0.5955921411514282,
-0.2526411712169647,
-0.14114657044410706,
0.1986638903617859,
-0.11280892044305801,
-0.2730823755264282,
0.33011141419410706,
0.19465221464633942,
0.2864435315132141,
0.40383079648017883,
-0.20106090605258942,
-0.2353265881538391,
0.38997581601142883,
-0.18476243317127228,
0.46053799986839294,
0.07983121275901794,
0.07347384095191956,
-0.15267735719680786,
0.10652299225330353,
-0.5276100635528564,
0.3223211169242859,
0.5110750794410706,
-0.038755957037210464,
0.2400457262992859,
0.03337860107421875,
0.11375253647565842,
-0.03858184814453125,
0.13962902128696442,
0.48458167910575867,
-0.37411221861839294,
-0.19989013671875,
0.10760775208473206,
-0.07548817992210388,
-0.2063244879245758,
0.35727760195732117,
0.30350008606910706,
0.3590198755264282,
0.27115145325660706,
0.17726828157901764,
0.2562699615955353,
-0.039796654134988785,
-0.37400123476982117,
-0.025485645979642868,
-0.19163651764392853,
0.2800182104110718,
0.042656637728214264,
0.3645685315132141,
0.18443575501441956,
-0.006472154054790735,
0.30978116393089294,
0.48470792174339294,
0.33255282044410706,
-0.06034192070364952,
-0.048201821744441986,
-0.26979827880859375,
0.05374353751540184,
0.6997957825660706,
0.3533491790294647,
-0.46786221861839294,
0.3460138440132141,
-0.08577103912830353,
0.012029821053147316,
0.5645641088485718,
-0.029362766072154045,
0.23869185149669647,
-0.015364213846623898,
0.4566761255264282,
0.1883087158203125,
0.5823197960853577,
-0.10474603623151779,
-0.06168712303042412,
0.5636762976646423,
0.15831075608730316,
0.5094659924507141,
-0.18776632845401764,
0.241455078125,
0.008393374271690845,
-0.022734902799129486,
0.07174847275018692,
0.16713644564151764,
-0.3377019762992859,
0.289703369140625,
0.5791237354278564,
0.11040310561656952,
-0.5080788135528564,
-0.4633123278617859,
0.27858665585517883,
0.21029940247535706,
0.10714028030633926,
0.061927102506160736,
-0.5029075145721436,
0.2896617650985718,
-0.14296652376651764,
-0.017748398706316948,
0.040320657193660736,
0.5967962145805359,
-0.24728116393089294,
-0.20494495332241058,
-0.6760475635528564,
0.6098411083221436,
0.4119928479194641,
-0.288330078125,
-0.07051225006580353,
-0.1672307848930359,
-0.031192433089017868,
0.5793235301971436,
0.06922981888055801,
0.6271306872367859,
0.12083990126848221,
0.09204378724098206,
0.1536865234375,
0.15242142975330353,
0.6404474377632141,
0.06506624817848206,
0.2833113372325897,
0.018426721915602684,
0.010979045182466507,
-0.2535053491592407,
-0.04896527901291847,
-0.09442693740129471,
0.15201082825660706,
0.11014903336763382,
0.6867231726646423,
-0.00850954931229353,
0.25333473086357117,
-0.03229384124279022,
0.32448509335517883,
0.004368175286799669,
0.31899192929267883,
0.7349964380264282,
0.48557350039482117,
0.1609441637992859,
0.31813743710517883,
0.040697965770959854,
-0.15666475892066956,
0.40061256289482117,
0.13636918365955353,
-0.15185685455799103,
0.07550048828125,
0.7031915783882141,
0.3577437102794647,
-0.5448997020721436,
-0.3629927337169647,
-0.0029588178731501102,
-0.17276833951473236,
-0.03987780585885048,
0.615478515625,
0.6127485632896423,
-0.16261430084705353,
-0.38901588320732117,
-0.045377254486083984,
-0.19114094972610474,
-0.03429621085524559,
0.16999955475330353,
0.028511740267276764,
-0.19887299835681915,
0.017551075667142868,
0.30663231015205383,
0.09932639449834824,
0.10411488264799118,
0.4445357024669647,
0.2856431305408478,
0.045245084911584854,
0.7523526549339294,
0.6028053760528564,
0.14375582337379456,
-0.08686134964227676,
-0.20010098814964294,
0.09464056044816971,
0.3611949682235718,
-0.10944990813732147,
0.6767799854278564,
-0.03711839020252228,
-0.34939852356910706,
0.3828014135360718,
-0.19743208587169647,
0.29391202330589294,
0.06638076156377792,
-0.2558427155017853,
-0.30259427428245544,
-0.2006586194038391,
-0.4769952893257141,
0.10980779677629471,
0.118927001953125,
-0.041623201221227646,
-0.07539436966180801,
0.37839022278785706,
-0.29293546080589294,
-0.23478005826473236,
-0.019755275920033455,
0.021309245377779007,
0.15794233977794647,
0.21476607024669647,
-0.3874400854110718,
0.30593594908714294,
-0.3635878264904022,
-0.021368546411395073,
0.3648237884044647,
0.07837260514497757,
-0.16952791810035706,
0.41819068789482117,
0.17730401456356049,
-0.26864346861839294,
0.009965375997126102,
-0.07814164459705353,
0.24928422272205353,
-0.4080699682235718,
0.1648961901664734,
0.4276012182235718,
0.37302467226982117,
-0.16880936920642853,
0.14671187102794647,
-0.2930963635444641,
-0.21846146881580353,
0.5155362486839294,
0.03688604012131691,
-0.029341263696551323,
-0.3074840307235718,
0.048107147216796875,
0.445068359375,
-0.15418867766857147,
-0.2546941637992859,
0.240264892578125,
0.28415748476982117,
0.24533219635486603,
0.11497914046049118,
-0.020751953125,
-0.10761607438325882,
0.07320611923933029,
-0.02263849414885044,
-0.2838800549507141,
0.1099853515625,
0.0011707652593031526,
-0.3256725072860718,
0.3117842376232147,
-0.052793849259614944,
0.041481710970401764,
0.05124248191714287,
0.5482288599014282,
0.4622691869735718,
0.06678702682256699,
0.20142434537410736,
0.48952415585517883,
-0.2992016077041626,
0.19315408170223236,
0.10475592315196991,
0.4657093286514282,
0.22758068144321442,
0.37588778138160706,
0.21599231660366058,
-0.40602806210517883,
0.31332120299339294,
0.3033891022205353,
-0.6118829846382141,
0.27744778990745544,
0.3296703100204468,
-0.09061241149902344,
-0.15806163847446442,
0.2759537994861603,
0.2650091052055359,
-0.028217662125825882,
-0.21012462675571442,
-0.1344292312860489,
0.5947709679603577,
0.019210034981369972,
-0.01317110937088728,
-0.004753806162625551,
-0.15733614563941956,
0.25030517578125,
0.25680264830589294,
0.13929539918899536,
0.11112820357084274,
-0.40164461731910706,
0.2672722637653351,
0.32406339049339294,
0.33682528138160706,
-0.13461026549339294,
0.6422674059867859,
-0.1041821539402008,
0.5181329846382141,
-0.6653053760528564,
0.21238015592098236,
0.2685387432575226,
-0.10038063675165176,
0.15632368624210358,
0.12278886139392853,
0.056544218212366104,
-0.18844743072986603,
0.16508206725120544,
0.5029296875,
-0.21800370514392853,
-0.0993908941745758,
0.4173473119735718,
0.4470880627632141,
0.3076948821544647,
0.2575628161430359,
-0.12035162001848221,
0.5929288268089294,
0.08828180283308029,
0.11906571686267853,
-0.01160235796123743,
-0.21439985930919647,
-0.2476251721382141,
0.46750709414482117,
-0.3530162572860718,
0.3707386255264282,
-0.3487437963485718,
0.5018421411514282,
0.2016577273607254,
0.5756391882896423,
-0.15556196868419647,
-0.2741810083389282,
-0.23076282441616058,
-0.013773137703537941,
0.34738990664482117,
0.03802628815174103,
0.1690424084663391,
0.1686859130859375,
0.12063043564558029,
0.28322532773017883,
-0.1330816149711609,
0.09887001663446426,
0.3997691869735718,
-0.012818596325814724,
0.03791913017630577,
0.22027310729026794,
-0.15777310729026794,
0.08359666168689728,
-0.11991188675165176,
-0.24115267395973206,
0.4019331634044647,
-0.07837191224098206,
-0.05734772980213165,
-0.01893823780119419,
-0.09300821274518967,
0.3797163665294647,
0.15701918303966522,
0.48714932799339294,
-0.12167635560035706,
0.11298158019781113,
0.29986572265625,
0.33203125,
0.28757545351982117,
0.3615278899669647,
0.1912286877632141,
-0.3258500397205353,
-0.018298061564564705,
0.1708734631538391,
0.105743408203125,
0.0805029422044754,
-0.2359563708305359,
0.114776611328125,
0.1495312750339508,
-0.131561279296875,
-0.39308860898017883,
-0.16679000854492188,
0.3990034759044647,
0.3354048430919647,
0.15629439055919647,
0.15124788880348206,
0.5788795948028564,
0.13674093782901764,
-0.090728759765625,
-0.2886643707752228,
-0.08028619736433029,
-0.25812599062919617,
-0.07916953414678574,
-0.03610645607113838,
-0.3409229516983032,
0.38858309388160706,
0.3731134533882141,
-0.0972747802734375,
0.19090963900089264,
-0.29981300234794617,
-0.1842706799507141,
-0.088714599609375,
0.2920934557914734,
-0.024039529263973236,
0.09593339264392853,
-0.11560752242803574,
0.16835160553455353,
0.24034257233142853,
0.39132413268089294,
4.25390625,
0.04475818946957588,
0.25585106015205383,
-0.1560266613960266,
0.021831858903169632,
0.13254617154598236,
-0.16150040924549103,
-0.24167980253696442,
0.22970303893089294,
-0.03231066092848778,
0.04013685882091522,
0.2692760229110718,
0.17116199433803558,
0.24275900423526764,
-0.03630516678094864,
0.07499348372220993,
0.4666193127632141,
0.3313765227794647,
0.1115618646144867,
0.33127662539482117,
-0.3359485864639282,
-0.06489424407482147,
0.009065454825758934,
0.3894486725330353,
0.1453801989555359,
-0.27401456236839294,
0.3045154809951782,
0.16199302673339844,
0.16038928925991058,
0.23014692962169647,
0.4068048596382141,
0.07030694931745529,
0.31961891055107117,
0.043160177767276764,
-0.5342462658882141,
0.3502308130264282,
0.07789750397205353,
0.3075728118419647,
0.356689453125,
0.0863567665219307,
-0.02454358898103237,
0.060366544872522354,
0.46799537539482117,
0.25112637877464294,
0.6995294690132141,
-0.4493519067764282,
-0.2708851099014282,
0.29964932799339294,
-0.4071710705757141,
0.0062131015583872795,
0.3595414459705353,
-0.3123668432235718,
-0.1741998791694641,
-0.2522333264350891,
0.07547552138566971,
0.34242942929267883,
-0.0006823973380960524,
0.3381812274456024,
-0.07862992584705353,
0.33974388241767883,
-0.6172540783882141,
-0.34176358580589294,
-0.5126953125,
-0.05723121017217636,
-0.22085294127464294,
-0.12914206087589264,
0.4272904694080353,
0.5953702330589294,
0.5686256885528564,
0.04726618155837059,
0.2902665436267853,
0.3671431243419647,
0.697265625,
-0.27535733580589294,
0.21595625579357147,
0.2142583727836609,
-0.19558438658714294,
-0.19018970429897308,
0.08472789078950882,
-0.0326690673828125,
0.04032481834292412,
-0.376220703125,
0.14356301724910736,
0.1517278552055359,
-0.11961018294095993,
0.5061479210853577,
0.3535045385360718,
-0.10038132965564728,
0.5426358580589294,
0.07572520524263382,
0.2478582262992859,
0.09827215224504471,
0.18671764433383942,
0.11217984557151794,
0.28256502747535706,
0.10073713958263397,
0.01821344532072544,
-3.989169120788574,
0.12030306458473206,
0.18912576138973236,
0.02742559276521206,
-0.019676359370350838,
0.22025229036808014,
-0.11188550293445587,
0.35500267148017883,
-0.38474342226982117,
0.0142446868121624,
-0.2567859888076782,
0.4312189221382141,
-0.3877618908882141,
0.028611617162823677,
0.08486661314964294,
0.20414040982723236,
0.36366966366767883,
0.21537087857723236,
0.8016246557235718,
-0.2918812036514282,
0.05039006844162941,
0.11448114365339279,
0.4110662341117859,
-0.051180753856897354,
0.08267350494861603,
0.05766608566045761,
0.02526300586760044,
-0.5226163268089294,
-0.2548938989639282,
-0.008625376969575882,
0.17322470247745514,
0.22599376738071442,
0.2821710705757141,
-0.20664562284946442,
-0.06972572952508926,
0.26529207825660706,
0.10718882828950882,
-0.18982210755348206,
0.3226873278617859,
-0.18526910245418549,
0.3116455078125,
-0.2400457262992859,
0.2569690942764282,
0.29445579648017883,
0.1312713623046875,
0.39455345273017883,
-0.5718660950660706,
0.3317316174507141,
-0.2490900158882141,
-0.13725973665714264,
0.25998756289482117,
0.34427157044410706,
0.06898359954357147,
0.14019913971424103,
0.6369850635528564,
-0.03866993263363838,
-0.23881392180919647,
0.00666184863075614,
0.3975275158882141,
0.027775852009654045,
0.028571389615535736,
0.18638472259044647,
0.1823064684867859,
0.17512927949428558,
0.36880216002464294,
-0.04108290374279022,
0.12187056243419647,
0.6369850635528564,
0.3072981536388397,
-0.12347481399774551,
-0.0036204943899065256,
0.5813654065132141,
0.20098043978214264,
-0.013713880442082882,
0.39078035950660706,
0.2214910387992859,
-0.3162841796875,
-0.3439275622367859,
0.33890047669410706,
0.006145130377262831,
0.14963045716285706,
-0.09122536331415176,
-0.31003084778785706,
0.20683981478214264,
2.272904872894287,
0.1458795666694641,
2.165926933288574,
0.3158680200576782,
0.05566267669200897,
0.14015336334705353,
-0.5923073291778564,
0.43490323424339294,
0.07474032044410706,
0.05740876495838165,
-0.06714560836553574,
-0.16977205872535706,
0.15710726380348206,
0.10044791549444199,
-0.2399347424507141,
0.12273476272821426,
0.24190451204776764,
-1.1062678098678589,
0.5084505677223206,
0.09233162552118301,
0.03454451262950897,
-0.02803594432771206,
-0.19738353788852692,
0.3066905736923218,
0.10912253707647324,
-0.043187227100133896,
-0.44491299986839294,
0.34841087460517883,
0.26329872012138367,
-0.45334693789482117,
0.14352208375930786,
-0.03984485939145088,
0.16508345305919647,
0.014913732185959816,
-0.18087491393089294,
-0.03557552024722099,
-0.008375688455998898,
4.670454502105713,
0.09935414046049118,
-0.2765558362007141,
0.004611622076481581,
0.14670076966285706,
0.2205907702445984,
0.13356295228004456,
0.2634998559951782,
0.11137282103300095,
0.5691139698028564,
0.3616166412830353,
0.3648182153701782,
0.28234031796455383,
-0.08085493743419647,
0.26236239075660706,
0.18687300384044647,
-0.23259387910366058,
0.09962758421897888,
-0.2968583405017853,
0.33566007018089294,
0.034781716763973236,
0.10335194319486618,
0.1460799276828766,
0.03354228660464287,
0.26485928893089294,
0.27484130859375,
0.6295276880264282,
-0.09355302155017853,
-0.023234974592924118,
0.4085027575492859,
0.21342884004116058,
5.4264912605285645,
0.0516638308763504,
0.20570512115955353,
-0.05521045997738838,
-0.05323084816336632,
0.10743158310651779,
0.0018508217763155699,
0.4034534692764282,
-0.16950225830078125,
-0.08152354508638382,
-0.14088578522205353,
-0.35207852721214294,
-0.08597218245267868,
0.3985096216201782,
-0.16701993346214294,
-0.023631703108549118,
-0.23008035123348236,
-0.07960787415504456,
-0.3993030786514282,
-0.3034224212169647,
0.4937244653701782,
0.10232960432767868,
-0.1041974127292633,
-0.48190030455589294,
-0.08078280091285706,
-0.20836639404296875,
-0.16099409759044647,
0.08008783310651779,
-0.04175914451479912,
-0.4705033600330353,
0.3042103052139282,
0.45913973450660706,
-0.46279075741767883,
0.484375,
-0.3786121606826782,
0.31298828125,
-0.13186506927013397,
0.3706609606742859,
-0.09534385055303574,
-0.3836725354194641,
0.4855513274669647,
0.6964666247367859,
-0.16124378144741058,
-0.2235509753227234,
0.08106792718172073,
-0.024551045149564743,
-0.08766590803861618,
0.13994841277599335,
-0.13409700989723206,
0.050696633756160736,
0.15998424589633942,
-0.0607147216796875,
1.1007634401321411,
-0.20970569550991058,
0.07921253889799118,
0.43361595273017883,
0.25002220273017883,
0.32330322265625,
0.4049016833305359,
-0.04393317550420761,
0.47800514101982117,
0.174072265625,
0.04751725494861603,
0.3688853979110718,
0.4765181243419647,
0.04155939444899559,
0.5259898900985718,
-0.2664129137992859,
0.43019798398017883,
-0.23344282805919647,
0.27732154726982117,
0.12554480135440826,
-0.037968460470438004,
0.4122425317764282,
-0.02940680831670761,
0.056327126920223236,
0.18011751770973206,
-0.388916015625,
-0.04921514168381691,
-0.6940473914146423,
-0.10314802825450897,
-0.4385875463485718,
-0.18803267180919647,
0.0586395263671875,
-0.0759987086057663,
-0.008546308614313602,
0.06220947578549385,
0.13644132018089294,
0.46535423398017883,
0.08783236145973206,
0.21828390657901764,
-0.036455415189266205,
-0.046523354947566986,
0.6736949682235718,
0.21605335175991058,
0.13345059752464294,
0.17803087830543518,
0.4906005859375,
0.016966385766863823,
0.02443920448422432,
-0.09867442399263382,
0.250732421875,
-0.09992218017578125,
-0.0497918576002121,
0.2625843286514282,
-0.0668255165219307,
-0.0745990052819252,
-0.3861194849014282,
-0.29225853085517883,
0.2551935315132141,
0.4679509997367859,
0.5678932666778564,
-0.14341840147972107,
-0.02445012889802456,
-0.1268463134765625
] |
2109
|
What party does Carlos Saúl Menem Akil represent?
|
[
{
"docid": "162898#85",
"text": "Timerman was an early critic of Carlos Saúl Menem of the Justicialist Party, who became a presidential candidate after serving as governor of La Rioja Province. In 1988, during the presidential campaign, Timerman criticized Menem's plan to establish a free port at Isla Martin Garcia, saying it would encourage drug trafficking and money laundering. Menem filed a libel suit against the journalist that year. Timerman was acquitted in the trial, as well as in an appeals trial. Timerman opposed Menem during his election campaign in 1988.",
"title": "Jacobo Timerman"
},
{
"docid": "1693245#1",
"text": "Carlos Menem, an exponent of the growing pro-market wing within the formerly Peronist PJ, won the election of 1989. UCeDé concluded an alliance with the Justicialist-led administration which had only a narrow majority in the Chamber of Deputies and gave important support to its policies of privatization and liberal economic reforms. Alsogaray, who had been an opponent of traditional Peronism, became the administration's chief policy advisor and his daughter María Julia secretary of natural resources and the main responsible for the privatization of the public telecommunications company ENTel. In the subsequent presidential election, the UCeDé endorsed Carlos Menem.",
"title": "Union of the Democratic Centre (Argentina)"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "49966#4",
"text": "Carlos Saúl Menem was born in 1930 in Anillaco, a small town in the mountainous north of La Rioja Province, Argentina. His parents, Saúl Menem and Mohibe Akil, were Syrian nationals from Yabroud who had emigrated to Argentina. He attended elementary and high school in La Rioja, and joined a basketball team during his university studies. He visited Buenos Aires in 1951 with the team, and met the president Juan Perón and his wife Eva Perón. This influenced Menem to become a Peronist. He studied law at the National University of Córdoba, graduating in 1955.",
"title": "Carlos Menem"
},
{
"docid": "49966#0",
"text": "Carlos Saúl Menem Akil (born July 2, 1930) is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from July 8, 1989 to December 10, 1999. He has been a Senator for La Rioja Province since December 10, 2005.",
"title": "Carlos Menem"
},
{
"docid": "49966#30",
"text": "Ángel Maza, the elected governor of La Rioja, was allied with Menem, and had campaigned for him. However, weak provincial finances forced Maza to switch his support to Kirchner, which weakened Menem's influence even further. In June 2004 Menem announced that he had founded a new faction within the PJ, called \"People's Peronism\". He announced his intention to run in the 2007 election. In 2005, the press reported that he was trying to form an alliance with his former minister of economy Cavallo to fight in the parliamentary elections. Menem said that there had been only preliminary conversations and an alliance did not result. In the October 23, 2005 elections, Menem won the minority seat in the Senate representing his province of birth. The two seats allocated to the majority were won by President Kirchner's faction, locally led by Ángel Maza.",
"title": "Carlos Menem"
},
{
"docid": "4566278#1",
"text": "Raúl Alfonsín was the president of Argentina for the Radical Civic Union (UCR) from 1983 to 1989, and resigned during an economic crisis. Carlos Menem, from the Justicialist Party (PJ), was elected in 1989. The Convertibility plan ended the economic crisis and increased his popularity, allowing the PJ to win the 1991 and 1993 midterm elections. The presidential term of office was of six years, with no reelection. Menem sought to change that with an amendment to the Constitution of Argentina. For this he would require a supermajority of two thirds of both houses of the Argentine Congress. Although that was a feasible option at the Senate, it was a remote possibility at the Chamber of Deputies. Menem sought creative alternatives for that, such as a legal technicality that the requirement would be two thirds of the legislators present at the Congress during the session instead of two thirds of the complete body (and thus exploit circumstances where opposing legislators may be absent). Radical governors such as Carlos Maestro and Horacio Massaccesi commented that they would not oppose an amendment approved that way.",
"title": "Pact of Olivos"
},
{
"docid": "49966#5",
"text": "After President Juan Peron's overthrow in 1955, Menem was briefly incarcerated. He later joined the successor to the Peronist Party, the Justicialist Party \"(Partido Justicialista)\" (PJ). He was elected president of its La Rioja Province chapter in 1973. In that capacity, he was included in the flight to Spain that brought Perón back to Argentina after his long exile. According to the Peronist politician Juan Manuel Abal Medina, Menem played no special part in the event.",
"title": "Carlos Menem"
},
{
"docid": "58109079#5",
"text": "In June 1993 she published \"El Jefe, vida y obra de Carlos Saúl Menem\", a bestseller reissued 19 times. This book earned her reviews in all the most prominent media in Argentina and in \"El País\" (Spain), \"The Guardian\" and \"Financial Times\" (United Kingdom), and \"The New York Times\" (United States). In 1993, she was appointed correspondent of \"Página/12\" in London, during which time she continued her postgraduate studies and specialized in issues related to collective memory.",
"title": "Gabriela Cerruti"
},
{
"docid": "49966#1",
"text": "Born in Anillaco, Menem became a Peronist during a visit to Buenos Aires. He led the party in his home province of La Rioja, and was elected governor in 1973. He was deposed and detained during the 1976 Argentine coup d'état, and was elected governor again in 1983. He defeated the Buenos Aires governor Antonio Cafiero in the primary elections for the 1989 presidential elections, which he won. Hyperinflation forced outgoing president Raúl Alfonsín to resign early, shortening the presidential transition.",
"title": "Carlos Menem"
},
{
"docid": "53119785#11",
"text": "The Committee to Protect Journalists issued the following statement by its executive director Ann K. Cooper: \"We hope that the investigation will soon reach a successful conclusion. While we are encouraged by the reactions of Carlos Saúl Menem and other authorities in condemning this crime, we remind you that many previous attacks against journalists have gone unpunished. We call on you to see to it that the investigation into Gangeme's murder continues, so that the authors of the crime will be captured and the motive established. We hope the investigation into this murder will be exemplary, demonstrating your commitment to ensuring that those who seek to silence journalists through violence are duly punished.\"",
"title": "Ricardo Gangeme"
}
] |
[
0.5377371907234192,
0.1401759535074234,
-0.3935459554195404,
0.6730608344078064,
-0.23577880859375,
-0.2629917562007904,
0.4712611734867096,
-0.1858782023191452,
0.3104568123817444,
0.2657078206539154,
-0.4494541585445404,
-0.2849382758140564,
-0.4364362359046936,
0.4209551215171814,
-0.3583548367023468,
0.298248291015625,
0.6847447156906128,
-0.05917073041200638,
0.28515625,
0.14813123643398285,
-0.1762564480304718,
0.2313646525144577,
-0.1712297648191452,
0.0688498392701149,
-0.29058837890625,
0.1026131734251976,
-0.2624773383140564,
0.6022600531578064,
0.03840746358036995,
0.4731270968914032,
0.1559513658285141,
-0.2039642333984375,
0.3224138617515564,
0.18593324720859528,
-0.04255785420536995,
0.05984524264931679,
0.15374864637851715,
-0.06482120603322983,
-0.2343946248292923,
0.3223659098148346,
0.12492479383945465,
0.1778651624917984,
-0.2065647691488266,
-0.2512163519859314,
0.3648114800453186,
-0.12373243272304535,
0.127944678068161,
-0.0480739064514637,
0.04577595740556717,
0.0890219584107399,
-0.5913609266281128,
0.13279792666435242,
0.0188892912119627,
-0.3013436496257782,
-0.4936349093914032,
0.8877650499343872,
0.12280873209238052,
0.644775390625,
0.4264090359210968,
0.0705784410238266,
0.1747722625732422,
-0.1515546590089798,
-0.2262224406003952,
-0.0385175421833992,
-0.2507956326007843,
0.4713657796382904,
0.0889369398355484,
0.3527483344078064,
0.04359422251582146,
0.2120012491941452,
0.4087350070476532,
0.4063720703125,
0.4950082004070282,
-0.09537506103515625,
-0.13391603529453278,
-0.011924879625439644,
-0.0006831032806076109,
0.3140498697757721,
0.36907958984375,
-0.061237335205078125,
0.7541155219078064,
-0.4318498969078064,
0.028564453125,
0.5652030110359192,
0.0012649808777496219,
0.3039027750492096,
-0.4158150851726532,
-0.10255759209394455,
0.4430629312992096,
0.6532331109046936,
-0.11634499579668045,
0.2354627400636673,
0.11497361212968826,
-0.2438834011554718,
0.10028239339590073,
-0.01871163584291935,
-0.012241090647876263,
-0.25240734219551086,
0.3444431722164154,
-0.18518392741680145,
-0.3704310953617096,
-0.31218773126602173,
-0.10444968193769455,
0.1465737521648407,
0.1653532236814499,
-0.313232421875,
-0.4148995578289032,
0.331451416015625,
-0.0646035298705101,
-0.03038419969379902,
0.3564300537109375,
-0.1258789449930191,
0.1575426310300827,
0.3609074056148529,
0.12905992567539215,
0.1966792494058609,
0.36792510747909546,
-0.07842227071523666,
-0.4399326741695404,
-0.9937395453453064,
0.3775460422039032,
-0.02932126261293888,
-0.2596522867679596,
0.1782008558511734,
-0.3835890591144562,
0.1781080812215805,
0.4564034640789032,
-0.15069130063056946,
0.4976108968257904,
0.4054827094078064,
0.021209716796875,
0.19291631877422333,
0.11086491495370865,
0.6447230577468872,
0.4777614176273346,
-0.248626708984375,
0.2220458984375,
0.03290966525673866,
0.03721754997968674,
-0.009903362952172756,
-0.1310206800699234,
0.0221372339874506,
0.2467520534992218,
0.9488002061843872,
0.0331442691385746,
-0.0096190320327878,
0.021095003932714462,
0.13572147488594055,
-0.020785365253686905,
-0.13694095611572266,
0.0793871209025383,
0.1284162849187851,
-0.02710573934018612,
0.4441266655921936,
0.21746417880058289,
0.224822998046875,
0.6470598578453064,
0.1232365220785141,
0.0476793572306633,
0.1248452290892601,
0.7259521484375,
0.33538818359375,
0.05682373046875,
-0.17816761136054993,
0.4423479437828064,
-0.0197470523416996,
0.09998757392168045,
0.2367902547121048,
0.5378069281578064,
-0.4089181125164032,
-0.0009980882750824094,
0.04895482584834099,
0.4488351047039032,
0.1827915757894516,
0.2522539496421814,
0.18607984483242035,
-0.4298270046710968,
-0.2528643012046814,
0.1359754353761673,
-0.13775634765625,
0.1068900004029274,
0.22148513793945312,
0.6440342664718628,
0.6604352593421936,
0.5230538249015808,
0.1578151136636734,
-0.6100028157234192,
-0.4145355224609375,
0.0403224416077137,
0.18718719482421875,
-0.00594738544896245,
-0.2088296115398407,
0.6668003797531128,
0.20599529147148132,
0.4431501030921936,
-0.09232793748378754,
-0.21415431797504425,
0.2623727023601532,
-0.012499128468334675,
0.2081473171710968,
-0.07584309577941895,
-0.2851388156414032,
-0.04925509914755821,
0.1570565402507782,
-0.14471721649169922,
-0.3611406683921814,
-0.062438420951366425,
-0.4257027804851532,
-0.07965932786464691,
-0.3407854437828064,
0.03087724931538105,
0.1836700439453125,
0.41943359375,
0.3095703125,
-0.1753387451171875,
0.537353515625,
-0.0584084652364254,
0.5353829264640808,
0.3483118414878845,
-0.2712034583091736,
-0.13940538465976715,
0.3583722710609436,
0.4026620090007782,
-0.0146871292963624,
0.4500034749507904,
-0.025706972926855087,
-0.06971413642168045,
-0.1703905314207077,
-0.040826525539159775,
0.680908203125,
0.5580008625984192,
0.1743621826171875,
0.2198529988527298,
0.1611764132976532,
0.17127609252929688,
-0.038095202296972275,
-0.4743674099445343,
0.20912101864814758,
-0.10633904486894608,
-0.2132001668214798,
-0.045724596828222275,
-0.0838579460978508,
0.01751531846821308,
0.1915152370929718,
0.4028843343257904,
-0.05975096672773361,
0.3878261148929596,
0.14149202406406403,
-0.5509207844734192,
-0.2695835530757904,
-0.023611068725585938,
-0.2932259738445282,
0.10384750366210938,
0.2483433336019516,
-0.2596784234046936,
0.10994590818881989,
0.27435302734375,
0.04433659091591835,
-0.5475725531578064,
0.07097407430410385,
0.05585043877363205,
0.2505888342857361,
0.035375867038965225,
0.1053750142455101,
-0.24514007568359375,
0.3794293999671936,
0.2499128133058548,
0.7120535969734192,
-0.09146390855312347,
-0.02000972256064415,
0.310333251953125,
0.411651611328125,
0.2436436265707016,
-0.0792519673705101,
-0.5041852593421936,
-0.004108973778784275,
-0.16501127183437347,
0.4000069797039032,
-0.2697405219078064,
0.22185952961444855,
0.4053867757320404,
-0.3437979519367218,
-0.3216291069984436,
0.1722324937582016,
0.3216727077960968,
0.5274658203125,
-0.2359946072101593,
0.4158935546875,
-0.4442138671875,
-0.2665056586265564,
0.027211325243115425,
0.5705741047859192,
0.05723026767373085,
-0.1520671844482422,
-0.04174695536494255,
0.1508658230304718,
0.3825334906578064,
-0.3645978569984436,
0.08319582045078278,
-0.1156158447265625,
0.3868320882320404,
-0.5145089030265808,
0.18766143918037415,
0.41744449734687805,
-0.04800019785761833,
-0.3627493679523468,
0.2718505859375,
0.3946881890296936,
-0.2260175496339798,
0.1224953755736351,
0.0827048197388649,
-0.4476144015789032,
0.1823141872882843,
-0.13611657917499542,
0.4585048258304596,
0.2803955078125,
0.12972913682460785,
-0.3777291476726532,
0.15242767333984375,
0.2513079047203064,
-0.1220310777425766,
0.1934729963541031,
-0.5627266764640808,
-0.2585013210773468,
0.4270717203617096,
-0.4604644775390625,
0.21832820773124695,
-0.4671979546546936,
0.6463797688484192,
0.2762930691242218,
0.9023088812828064,
0.07964324951171875,
-0.1090555191040039,
0.17852891981601715,
-0.12169047445058823,
0.06555131822824478,
-0.4304722249507904,
0.2236546128988266,
-0.2094813734292984,
-0.12882232666015625,
-0.15029743313789368,
-0.2947562038898468,
-0.021788256242871284,
0.4188755452632904,
-0.05339023098349571,
0.03342260792851448,
0.15040214359760284,
0.3291211724281311,
0.431884765625,
0.2216796875,
0.3442251980304718,
0.2867867648601532,
-0.3131473958492279,
0.2133614718914032,
0.22254221141338348,
-0.7009974718093872,
0.3340105414390564,
1.0057199001312256,
0.2511684000492096,
-0.3260846734046936,
0.0953281968832016,
0.1537279337644577,
0.1381334513425827,
-0.02199227549135685,
0.3962228000164032,
0.3739362359046936,
-0.14529936015605927,
0.1100071519613266,
-0.4099557101726532,
-0.00849148165434599,
0.7807442545890808,
0.1148659810423851,
0.1715414822101593,
0.005781990941613913,
-0.4311872124671936,
-0.2283848375082016,
0.23486328125,
0.5582362413406372,
0.4735107421875,
0.13605771958827972,
0.07912608236074448,
0.3742501437664032,
0.09134810417890549,
-0.4272635281085968,
-0.31955718994140625,
-0.3885149359703064,
-0.1266108900308609,
0.009787014685571194,
-0.2210409939289093,
0.07556915283203125,
0.4774518609046936,
-0.3484845757484436,
-0.1079624742269516,
-0.16264070570468903,
0.0004588535812217742,
0.07585089653730392,
0.0510798878967762,
0.4309823215007782,
0.2652653157711029,
0.12314523756504059,
0.12603555619716644,
0.3411429226398468,
0.05891663581132889,
0.033148083835840225,
4.157924175262451,
0.3003104031085968,
0.2520773708820343,
0.6062709093093872,
-0.3622872531414032,
-0.022736141458153725,
0.1845550537109375,
0.2154126912355423,
0.0203105378895998,
0.0747920423746109,
0.09884534776210785,
0.1554739773273468,
-0.24761962890625,
0.23471538722515106,
0.01470293290913105,
0.7704729437828064,
0.3863263726234436,
-0.1392647922039032,
-0.026361873373389244,
0.2833164632320404,
-0.4516427218914032,
0.5392979383468628,
0.4448416531085968,
0.13714654743671417,
0.1149248406291008,
0.054587092250585556,
0.1225934699177742,
0.12183161824941635,
0.3370622992515564,
0.04854147881269455,
0.4646170437335968,
-0.1061771959066391,
0.1932765394449234,
0.10612379014492035,
-0.970458984375,
0.168243408203125,
0.25297436118125916,
0.46453857421875,
-0.2631072998046875,
0.1469334214925766,
-0.5934883952140808,
-0.7071009874343872,
0.3135811984539032,
0.3919154703617096,
0.3602643609046936,
0.0717337504029274,
-0.20002473890781403,
0.5603201985359192,
0.2538364827632904,
0.5386090874671936,
0.17896707355976105,
-0.17629896104335785,
0.05384717509150505,
-0.3276105523109436,
0.4921177327632904,
0.4773821234703064,
0.1616385281085968,
0.4582083523273468,
0.240447998046875,
0.02957698330283165,
0.0580618716776371,
-0.4419991672039032,
0.3357107937335968,
-0.056688036769628525,
-0.0578286312520504,
0.0058844429440796375,
0.322296142578125,
0.1514456570148468,
0.02947521209716797,
-0.5734339952468872,
0.1591251939535141,
0.3847307562828064,
0.21382740139961243,
-0.4967215359210968,
0.048312049359083176,
0.23964254558086395,
-0.3239920437335968,
-0.06266702711582184,
-0.3384355902671814,
-0.11347389221191406,
0.0777151957154274,
-0.10866328328847885,
-0.1636526882648468,
0.7768903374671936,
-0.07069233804941177,
0.4424351155757904,
-0.15578433871269226,
-0.3589019775390625,
0.3155168890953064,
0.025349752977490425,
0.1307765394449234,
-0.2687770426273346,
0.4248395562171936,
0.2709088921546936,
-0.1924656480550766,
-0.2067042738199234,
0.07977349311113358,
-3.9448940753936768,
0.04024424031376839,
0.1585627943277359,
0.12629590928554535,
0.14952196180820465,
0.5021798014640808,
0.0788247212767601,
0.039923395961523056,
-0.5840018391609192,
0.4048309326171875,
-0.2157922089099884,
0.11516789346933365,
-0.2893240749835968,
0.4046587347984314,
0.4259294867515564,
0.2966046929359436,
0.1592908650636673,
0.51953125,
0.564453125,
-0.1160670667886734,
0.2162453830242157,
0.28434044122695923,
0.2858799397945404,
-0.4831891655921936,
-0.0902993306517601,
0.1074284166097641,
-0.07139832526445389,
0.01999555341899395,
-0.10537338256835938,
0.09450789541006088,
0.2232077419757843,
0.4467599093914032,
0.4372384250164032,
-0.058991704136133194,
0.15779604017734528,
0.5212053656578064,
0.37543269991874695,
0.09320395439863205,
0.7867606282234192,
0.4504481852054596,
0.4180472195148468,
0.419158935546875,
0.5076729655265808,
0.5743233561515808,
0.08266013115644455,
0.5094429850578308,
-0.08216966688632965,
0.1306479275226593,
-0.4371512234210968,
-0.2383074015378952,
0.06622423231601715,
0.3894391655921936,
-0.2742832601070404,
0.5745849609375,
0.4191371500492096,
-0.26604026556015015,
-0.1402151882648468,
-0.1922476589679718,
0.5367431640625,
0.2816249430179596,
-0.03077629581093788,
-0.5096784234046936,
0.15062808990478516,
0.41236987709999084,
0.6070992350578308,
-0.1819784939289093,
0.12624986469745636,
-0.0704781636595726,
0.3247658908367157,
-0.5041928887367249,
-0.16925539076328278,
0.15573419630527496,
0.15419714152812958,
-0.1814916431903839,
-0.11534881591796875,
-0.28204345703125,
-0.1687164306640625,
0.0933598130941391,
0.6255057454109192,
0.2669110894203186,
-0.3048008382320404,
-0.23038482666015625,
-0.4595598578453064,
0.4011404812335968,
2.27099609375,
0.3671613335609436,
2.0933315753936768,
0.6203961968421936,
-0.17004993557929993,
0.07116399705410004,
0.02013724111020565,
0.42095947265625,
0.0030577522702515125,
-0.0042702811770141125,
0.005707740783691406,
0.8082275390625,
-0.0031236920040100813,
0.4012887179851532,
-0.13350820541381836,
-0.11115264892578125,
0.45556640625,
-0.6255754828453064,
-0.07920946180820465,
-0.401336669921875,
0.3491995632648468,
-0.0703277587890625,
-0.4131033718585968,
0.33355849981307983,
0.24946920573711395,
-0.6040562391281128,
0.16715992987155914,
0.16584014892578125,
0.032452721148729324,
-0.008297511376440525,
-0.3625836968421936,
-0.2369210422039032,
0.5983189344406128,
-0.06721387803554535,
0.049765996634960175,
0.5472063422203064,
0.036217279732227325,
4.6199774742126465,
-0.39111328125,
-0.1403438001871109,
0.020426614210009575,
-0.10229819267988205,
0.3808503746986389,
0.08524976670742035,
0.03380121663212776,
0.06076812744140625,
0.5879254937171936,
0.016097750514745712,
0.0752934068441391,
0.1856645792722702,
-0.5974295735359192,
0.4219622015953064,
0.1776820570230484,
0.4545200765132904,
-0.1839032918214798,
0.5978306531906128,
0.0679212287068367,
-0.19407476484775543,
-0.09772764146327972,
-0.2523193359375,
-0.2306562215089798,
0.02502901293337345,
0.1239645853638649,
0.04560307040810585,
0.1151166632771492,
-0.1111689954996109,
0.1159275621175766,
0.050199780613183975,
5.382254600524902,
0.040985651314258575,
0.23604488372802734,
-0.3714773952960968,
-0.1953822523355484,
0.060672760009765625,
-0.2534092366695404,
0.13963045179843903,
-0.2110072523355484,
-0.0887908935546875,
-0.2411542683839798,
0.1742902547121048,
-0.21932874619960785,
0.2955387532711029,
0.20158931612968445,
0.172637939453125,
-0.4100167453289032,
0.18633270263671875,
0.16388048231601715,
0.1766488254070282,
0.5842546820640564,
-0.016104016453027725,
0.1767708957195282,
-0.4933035671710968,
-0.44940185546875,
0.3752267062664032,
-0.15103475749492645,
-0.1998312771320343,
0.028293201699852943,
0.1619131863117218,
0.3269413411617279,
0.3269565999507904,
-0.0003509521484375,
0.1149139404296875,
-0.3332693874835968,
-0.02100086212158203,
0.3787580132484436,
0.0432891845703125,
0.15234375,
-0.4996512234210968,
0.3138187825679779,
-0.1964089572429657,
-0.0738568976521492,
-0.0690678209066391,
-0.2235434353351593,
0.009546824730932713,
0.1427132785320282,
0.15241678059101105,
0.12532342970371246,
0.12845230102539062,
0.0707005113363266,
-0.1556461900472641,
0.75482177734375,
0.4006936252117157,
0.3383222222328186,
0.4022914469242096,
-0.06971413642168045,
-0.06771087646484375,
0.2477286159992218,
0.16495731472969055,
0.6474609375,
0.09475653618574142,
-0.03624071553349495,
0.4785068929195404,
0.6653529405593872,
-0.0877336785197258,
0.42193603515625,
-0.14967945218086243,
0.6672014594078064,
-0.5970633625984192,
-0.009404863230884075,
0.5162366032600403,
-0.09038979560136795,
0.2121494859457016,
0.047882080078125,
0.18693910539150238,
0.08800070732831955,
-0.07656506448984146,
0.2806963324546814,
0.0849413201212883,
0.06777245551347733,
-0.3302699625492096,
-0.4131033718585968,
-0.27838134765625,
0.0274821687489748,
-0.301270067691803,
-0.24847412109375,
0.37933349609375,
0.3199288547039032,
0.1915065199136734,
0.1143580824136734,
-0.2020481675863266,
-0.276824951171875,
0.5456281304359436,
0.196929931640625,
0.13767459988594055,
0.5141426920890808,
0.43829345703125,
0.02937861904501915,
0.19244275987148285,
-0.16097696125507355,
-0.0283791683614254,
0.30328369140625,
-0.2212415486574173,
0.4566127359867096,
-0.1547088623046875,
0.05520520731806755,
0.1994541734457016,
0.23883382976055145,
0.4727608859539032,
0.3426688015460968,
0.2722080647945404,
-0.2001081258058548,
-0.0951472669839859,
0.08909300714731216
] |
2110
|
What is the most expensive champagne you can buy?
|
[
{
"docid": "482510#4",
"text": "\"Cuvée du Centenaire\" (\"Centennial Edition\") was first released in limited quantities in 1927 to commemorate the 100th anniversary. It is made with up to 25-year-old fine cognacs and is consumed neat. It is more expensive, at about US$145 per bottle.The \"Cuvée Spéciale Cent Cinquantenaire\" (\"Special Sesquicentennial Edition\") was created in 1977 to honor the 150th anniversary of the brand, and is currently the most expensive variety of Grand Marnier. It is made with up to 50-year-old cognacs in frosted glass bottles featuring hand-painted Art Nouveau decorations. In 2005 it was marketed with the slogan \"Hard to find, impossible to pronounce, and prohibitively expensive.\"Cuvée Louis-Alexandre Marnier-Lapostolle is a special selection of cognacs taken from the best known districts (Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Borderies, Fins Bois and Bons Bois) and aged at length in oak casks. It is only available in duty-free shops in Canada and France and liquor stores in Quebec, Canada, and the Netherlands.",
"title": "Grand Marnier"
},
{
"docid": "1667346#4",
"text": "Until the 1943 vintage, Dom Pérignon was produced from regular vintage Moët & Chandon Champagne that was transferred to the special 18th century-style bottles after extended cellaring. It was, thus, effectively an \"\"oenothèque\"\" release of Moët & Chandon Vintage Champagne in a different bottle. From the 1947 vintage, Dom Pérignon has been produced separately from the start.",
"title": "Dom Pérignon"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "15285050#11",
"text": "As this is a market, bargain if you like to buy more expensive items! Kente cloth is a good start, as this is a typical Ghanaian-made souvenir. If you need anything you haven't been able to find, you can most probably find it at Makola Market: shoes, towels, sunglasses, beaded jewellery, bags, hats, a water basin, a chair, smoked fish, veggies - anything. Be conscious of your surroundings, hang on to what you are carrying, and have fun.",
"title": "Makola Market"
},
{
"docid": "31679460#1",
"text": "In 2007 and 2010 respectively, bars in the Swedish cities of Båstad and Visby, popular party destinations for the wealthy youth, banned the spraying of champagne. The ban referred to champagne spraying possibly violating the law’s requirement on servers of alcohol to maintain good order. The ban caused some people to sink the champagne instead, while others chose to buy more expensive champagne.",
"title": "Sinking (behavior)"
},
{
"docid": "2246480#2",
"text": "Residents say that this avenue is the most expensive in the world, more so than the Champs-Élysées in Paris, because of the millions of bottles of champagne stored in the kilometres of chalk cellars beneath it.",
"title": "Avenue de Champagne"
},
{
"docid": "59509649#0",
"text": "Alexander Amosu (born 21 June 1975) is a British/Nigerian luxury designer and entrepreneur. He was named by Guinness World Records for creating the world's most expensive suit. His 240,000 Pounds Diamond Encrusted BlackBerry Curve 8900 is ranked the world’s most expensive blackberry. He is also credited with producing the worlds's most expensive champagne. He has created exclusive luxury phone designs for Motorola, BlackBerry, Apple and Samsung.",
"title": "Alexander Amosu"
},
{
"docid": "20779432#5",
"text": "A common criticism of Grower Champagnes is the potential for variable quality, especially from vintage to vintage. While the larger Champagne houses and \"negociants\" have the flexibility to buy grapes from all over the Champagne region, Grower Champagne makers are limited to only their vineyard holdings. Conversely, advocates of Grower Champagnes say that the blending of many \"terroirs\" by the larger houses makes those wines \"underflavored\" and non-distinctive.",
"title": "Grower Champagne"
},
{
"docid": "911076#2",
"text": "The story revolves around Miss Mary Lloyd, who makes a bet with her fawning circle of girlfriends, the \"Eccentric Young Ladies Club\", as to which of them can buy the most expensive thing in Europe, because they are so wealthy that they can buy anything. Meanwhile, back in the bankrupt state of Sylvaria, Prince Sándor Boris and his Ministers are trying to keep the natives happy while the King is off to Monte Carlo. Then, as now, there’s nothing like a Royal Wedding to please the locals. The prince makes a marriage pact with his old pal, Princess Rosemarie of Morenia, but there is no love between them.",
"title": "Die Herzogin von Chicago"
},
{
"docid": "3460750#44",
"text": "On 17 November 2010, the local government of the Åland Islands announced that most of the bottles were to be auctioned off. A bottle of nearly 200-year-old Veuve Clicquot broke the record for the most expensive champagne ever sold. In 2011, a bidder paid €30,000 for one of them found in the Baltic Sea.",
"title": "Veuve Clicquot"
},
{
"docid": "43613188#1",
"text": "In 2012 The Drinks Business reported, Shammi Shinh launched \"Prodiguer Brands\" and released the worlds most expensive champagne label - \"Goût de Diamants\".",
"title": "Shammi Shinh"
},
{
"docid": "53754#19",
"text": "There are more than one hundred Champagne houses and 19,000 smaller \" (vine-growing producers) in Champagne. These companies manage some 32,000 hectares of vineyards in the region. The type of Champagne producer can be identified from the abbreviations followed by the official number on the bottle:In the 19th century, Champagne was produced and promoted to mark contemporary political events, for example, the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1893, Columbus's discovery of America, and Tennis Court Oath to mark the centennial of French Revolution. By selling champagne as a nationalist ideology, négociant manages to associate champagne with leisure activities and sporting events. In addition, négociant successfully appeal champagne to broader consumers by introducing the different qualities of sparkling wine, associating champagne brands with royalty and nobility, and selling off-brands under the name of the importer from France at a lower cost. Though selling off-brands at a lower expense proved to be unsuccessful since \"there was an assumption that cheap sparkling wine was not authentic.\" From the start to end of Belle Époque period, champagne has gone from a regional product with a niche market audience to a national commodity that distributed globally.",
"title": "Champagne"
},
{
"docid": "1667346#0",
"text": "Dom Pérignon (; ) is a brand of vintage Champagne produced by the Champagne house Moët & Chandon and serves as that house's prestige champagne. It is named after Dom Pérignon, a Benedictine monk who was an important quality pioneer for Champagne wine but who, contrary to popular myths, did not discover the champagne method for making sparkling wines.",
"title": "Dom Pérignon"
},
{
"docid": "1667346#1",
"text": "Dom Pérignon (1638–1715) was a monk and cellar master at the Benedictine abbey in Hautvillers. He pioneered a number of winemaking techniques around 1670—being the first to blend grapes in such a way as to improve the quality of wines, balance one element with another in order to make a better whole, and deal with a number of their imperfections; perfecting the art of producing clear white wines from black grapes by clever manipulation of the presses; enhancing the tendency of Champagne wines to retain their natural sugar in order to naturally induce secondary fermentation in the spring; being a master at deciding when to bottle these wines in order to capture the bubble. He also introduced corks (instead of wood), which were fastened to bottles with hemp string soaked in oil in order to keep the wines fresh and sparkling, and used thicker glass in order to strengthen the bottles (which were prone to explode at that time). The development of sparkling wines as the main style of production in Champagne occurred progressively in the 19th century, more than a century after Dom Pérignon's death.",
"title": "Dom Pérignon"
}
] |
[
0.3281656801700592,
0.3398539125919342,
0.039271991699934006,
0.2326253205537796,
0.2917327880859375,
0.27665266394615173,
0.47528076171875,
-0.39715576171875,
0.07693227380514145,
0.274932861328125,
0.11977895349264145,
-0.2863565981388092,
-0.51971435546875,
0.27792611718177795,
0.15381114184856415,
-0.09542036056518555,
0.41790771484375,
0.1701170653104782,
-0.2613118588924408,
0.01565694808959961,
-0.05338676646351814,
0.5681559443473816,
0.2884623110294342,
0.060265857726335526,
0.000026702880859375,
0.17005157470703125,
-0.05504099652171135,
0.0935821533203125,
-0.3036702573299408,
0.355865478515625,
0.0525156669318676,
0.03278541564941406,
0.2361043244600296,
0.3709615170955658,
-0.10335477441549301,
0.32061514258384705,
-0.14326222240924835,
-0.0523122139275074,
0.017376422882080078,
-0.4216105043888092,
0.0218963623046875,
0.2363484650850296,
0.4588114321231842,
0.09840647131204605,
0.16725540161132812,
-0.042816162109375,
-0.2054443359375,
0.15117709338665009,
-0.27140679955482483,
0.0031712849158793688,
-0.10700416564941406,
0.1027374267578125,
-0.50048828125,
-0.06405067443847656,
-0.2755718231201172,
0.3895670473575592,
-0.2658284604549408,
0.4902547299861908,
-0.007587432861328125,
0.32330068945884705,
0.08135906606912613,
0.0980478897690773,
0.1113993301987648,
-0.11218420416116714,
0.26006922125816345,
0.3817138671875,
-0.06502405554056168,
-0.0209630336612463,
0.4753214418888092,
0.3308614194393158,
0.14229583740234375,
0.42431640625,
0.5285847783088684,
-0.007846673019230366,
-0.3618876039981842,
-0.3105977475643158,
0.1861317902803421,
0.2605997622013092,
0.1452421396970749,
0.1783858984708786,
0.52923583984375,
-0.056853294372558594,
0.1815745085477829,
-0.05341275408864021,
-0.3730824887752533,
0.3372802734375,
0.027502059936523438,
0.14169056713581085,
0.2725982666015625,
0.6360676884651184,
-0.06077257916331291,
0.1749013215303421,
0.10023880004882812,
0.05375925824046135,
0.13543350994586945,
0.2838643491268158,
0.3040364682674408,
-0.1637217253446579,
0.2124888151884079,
-0.1895599365234375,
0.05188814923167229,
-0.13060760498046875,
0.1135101318359375,
0.18255741894245148,
0.27337646484375,
-0.4326578676700592,
-0.3765869140625,
0.3423360288143158,
-0.01335016917437315,
0.029977163299918175,
0.17910003662109375,
0.012425105087459087,
0.2103983610868454,
0.11248779296875,
0.3138834536075592,
-0.1596221923828125,
0.014156341552734375,
-0.2239176481962204,
-0.25198492407798767,
-0.7048136591911316,
0.426513671875,
0.12523715198040009,
-0.29355621337890625,
-0.041202861815690994,
0.37982177734375,
-0.024084091186523438,
0.6756998896598816,
0.00834798812866211,
0.69189453125,
0.4496866762638092,
0.311553955078125,
0.2801717221736908,
0.10731887817382812,
0.5906982421875,
0.09484418481588364,
0.3048757016658783,
0.4102579653263092,
-0.3042093813419342,
-0.048792362213134766,
0.13911692798137665,
0.09126440435647964,
0.04912249371409416,
0.1906992644071579,
0.5854695439338684,
-0.019242286682128906,
0.2651875913143158,
-0.05282402038574219,
0.2821858823299408,
0.1201171875,
-0.027942100539803505,
-0.019486943259835243,
0.23455555737018585,
-0.019936243072152138,
0.315216064453125,
0.1771697998046875,
-0.20616912841796875,
0.6109415888786316,
0.01660951040685177,
-0.015338380821049213,
-0.18243408203125,
0.6816202998161316,
0.4927774965763092,
-0.1808217316865921,
-0.02037557028234005,
0.2905934751033783,
0.3302001953125,
-0.059749603271484375,
0.6215413212776184,
0.6057536005973816,
-0.4089762270450592,
-0.3296000063419342,
0.007981698028743267,
0.17677688598632812,
-0.4616902768611908,
0.2545166015625,
0.313720703125,
-0.1149444580078125,
0.05539131164550781,
0.3330281674861908,
0.06842931360006332,
0.202850341796875,
0.08649317175149918,
0.2769063413143158,
-0.1773732453584671,
0.66229248046875,
0.00842301081866026,
0.1180063858628273,
-0.07567771524190903,
-0.11346224695444107,
-0.18849436938762665,
0.1876729279756546,
0.1553192138671875,
0.5418599247932434,
-0.3768717348575592,
0.1838531494140625,
-0.03433704376220703,
-0.009528756141662598,
0.1646219938993454,
-0.13479430973529816,
0.36639404296875,
-0.11526528000831604,
0.27197709679603577,
-0.391845703125,
-0.0403950996696949,
0.207550048828125,
-0.3988037109375,
0.2129618376493454,
0.011456807143986225,
-0.2197977751493454,
-0.08309396356344223,
0.17565536499023438,
0.1551564484834671,
0.08167441934347153,
0.1428782194852829,
-0.0019276937237009406,
0.34466552734375,
-0.2095438688993454,
-0.044559281319379807,
0.38439688086509705,
0.04795582965016365,
-0.17779795825481415,
0.3691609799861908,
-0.2594095766544342,
0.10288238525390625,
0.06208356097340584,
-0.1954600065946579,
-0.33056640625,
-0.51470947265625,
0.03296725079417229,
0.3924153745174408,
0.46441650390625,
-0.41766357421875,
0.1666920930147171,
0.10016123205423355,
0.4152120053768158,
0.16415278613567352,
-0.1825103759765625,
0.06415430456399918,
0.237945556640625,
-0.11556625366210938,
0.3050333559513092,
0.09475962072610855,
-0.5711669921875,
-0.06177520751953125,
0.299560546875,
0.13281504809856415,
0.6510009765625,
-0.2757720947265625,
-0.48333740234375,
-0.1302947998046875,
0.09466298669576645,
0.02349058724939823,
0.2436574250459671,
0.45220947265625,
-0.07357247918844223,
0.13372676074504852,
0.13168080151081085,
-0.01278066635131836,
0.11451593786478043,
0.2163187712430954,
0.4272257387638092,
-0.005578041076660156,
0.264434814453125,
0.194793701171875,
-0.34075927734375,
-0.10922495275735855,
-0.08251997083425522,
0.4987589418888092,
0.3674723207950592,
0.3862711489200592,
0.038603466004133224,
0.16716384887695312,
0.2465871125459671,
0.24609756469726562,
-0.11154428869485855,
-0.045416515320539474,
0.12953059375286102,
-0.0049616494216024876,
-0.3872273862361908,
0.7652180790901184,
-0.12381235510110855,
-0.238311767578125,
-0.3738810122013092,
0.019420623779296875,
0.1045379638671875,
0.61212158203125,
-0.1896991729736328,
0.022853771224617958,
-0.07221666723489761,
-0.11790720373392105,
-0.03373555466532707,
0.5387776494026184,
0.037954967468976974,
-0.412109375,
-0.0019042094936594367,
0.2419942170381546,
0.13837940990924835,
0.0021165211219340563,
0.277252197265625,
-0.13759613037109375,
0.55841064453125,
-0.4373575747013092,
0.011651952750980854,
0.433349609375,
-0.13904969394207,
-0.2860209047794342,
0.0827881470322609,
0.283111572265625,
-0.1816202849149704,
0.4283955991268158,
0.7715250849723816,
-0.08621915429830551,
0.043844860047101974,
0.04057057574391365,
0.2786051332950592,
0.4043172299861908,
0.445831298828125,
-0.12133534997701645,
0.7961832880973816,
0.3046671450138092,
-0.1420135498046875,
-0.1431681364774704,
-0.3161824643611908,
-0.1833343505859375,
0.4540608823299408,
-0.28687477111816406,
0.4277750551700592,
-0.1931559294462204,
0.11520179361104965,
-0.6425374150276184,
0.4395294189453125,
0.0323687382042408,
-0.2703857421875,
-0.08316099643707275,
0.13100974261760712,
0.11260986328125,
0.1502888947725296,
0.5241902470588684,
0.3516336977481842,
0.1222788468003273,
-0.0142974853515625,
0.04681587219238281,
0.2286376953125,
0.2766214907169342,
0.3382822573184967,
0.2103780061006546,
-0.10464604943990707,
-0.3025614321231842,
0.5433349609375,
-0.05505116656422615,
0.1348927766084671,
0.1833546906709671,
-0.380157470703125,
-0.09422556310892105,
0.3053385317325592,
-0.1375834196805954,
0.2703908383846283,
0.03870391845703125,
0.1810048371553421,
-0.18335850536823273,
0.05199241638183594,
0.3807169497013092,
0.15754954516887665,
-0.2442270964384079,
0.233734130859375,
-0.1181488037109375,
-0.19283294677734375,
0.08396974951028824,
0.3092244565486908,
0.061588287353515625,
0.0034198760986328125,
-0.2317250519990921,
-0.164642333984375,
-0.3855997622013092,
-0.1883137971162796,
-0.3096720278263092,
0.06939697265625,
0.3943277895450592,
0.5464274287223816,
-0.06813748925924301,
0.12245162576436996,
0.5102742314338684,
0.1345011442899704,
-0.2457682341337204,
-0.3181864321231842,
-0.32501220703125,
-0.024059295654296875,
0.2017364501953125,
0.1557108610868454,
-0.3723958432674408,
0.09381517022848129,
-0.0010528564453125,
-0.01622549630701542,
-0.022146383300423622,
0.026348114013671875,
-0.2280629426240921,
-0.4165852963924408,
0.26467767357826233,
-0.2595774233341217,
0.0653996467590332,
0.1859893798828125,
0.326080322265625,
0.05487505719065666,
0.151641845703125,
4.20166015625,
0.023487726226449013,
-0.07022380828857422,
-0.0623089075088501,
-0.1185150146484375,
0.04266071319580078,
-0.08993276208639145,
-0.3864949643611908,
0.06772486120462418,
0.01625569723546505,
-0.0439906120300293,
0.20154571533203125,
0.37213134765625,
-0.012002944946289062,
-0.11477915197610855,
0.23919677734375,
0.45391845703125,
0.2610575258731842,
-0.09825261682271957,
0.4056192934513092,
-0.4446207582950592,
0.027901967987418175,
0.3274942934513092,
0.11083856970071793,
0.4745686948299408,
-0.03905677795410156,
0.13153839111328125,
-0.3310260772705078,
0.1316680908203125,
0.12957000732421875,
0.2194976806640625,
0.09438387304544449,
0.20489120483398438,
0.290740966796875,
-0.8391926884651184,
0.09136518090963364,
0.36029052734375,
0.3943583071231842,
-0.12007459253072739,
0.13833363354206085,
-0.2790120542049408,
0.02614847756922245,
0.1745198518037796,
0.4084269106388092,
0.2320607453584671,
0.00782604981213808,
-0.1303456574678421,
0.49267578125,
0.2948811948299408,
0.1567738801240921,
0.2542928159236908,
-0.09208297729492188,
0.014070272445678711,
-0.035358428955078125,
0.5570475459098816,
0.3525390625,
0.3969319760799408,
0.3814290463924408,
0.06421089172363281,
0.1013895645737648,
0.017354965209960938,
-0.1424814909696579,
0.04277737811207771,
-0.08927790075540543,
-0.3419901430606842,
-0.14263756573200226,
0.005874792579561472,
-0.003503481624647975,
0.002651691436767578,
-0.4018503725528717,
0.2439422607421875,
0.2986043393611908,
0.5055745244026184,
-0.13004811108112335,
0.2952677309513092,
0.1406586915254593,
-0.4029134213924408,
0.281463623046875,
-0.049655456095933914,
0.05150715634226799,
0.10783640295267105,
-0.19236628711223602,
-0.0562591552734375,
0.3418070375919342,
-0.011345148086547852,
0.4852091372013092,
-0.2073567658662796,
-0.16001637279987335,
0.3769938051700592,
-0.04854106903076172,
0.035292744636535645,
0.3276265561580658,
0.1656494140625,
0.3822021484375,
0.11308097839355469,
0.08328501135110855,
0.4779052734375,
-3.9947917461395264,
0.2183329313993454,
0.291259765625,
-0.1844635009765625,
0.048851966857910156,
0.06556320190429688,
-0.01936894655227661,
0.3292083740234375,
-0.4242350161075592,
0.4128824770450592,
0.02058442495763302,
0.09645207971334457,
-0.1695048063993454,
0.8106689453125,
0.215179443359375,
0.1596628874540329,
0.123565673828125,
0.08457056432962418,
0.1753794401884079,
-0.09761810302734375,
0.2473602294921875,
0.4105224609375,
0.2375844269990921,
-0.1754150390625,
0.13069851696491241,
0.12240854650735855,
0.013119538314640522,
-0.22906494140625,
0.289703369140625,
-0.267333984375,
0.15260188281536102,
0.08013916015625,
0.2769978940486908,
-0.0400543212890625,
-0.08688227087259293,
-0.0242029819637537,
0.4942830502986908,
-0.10958965867757797,
0.04247124865651131,
0.3350016176700592,
-0.269683837890625,
-0.12197240442037582,
0.2822367250919342,
0.181915283203125,
0.05175495147705078,
0.2828267514705658,
-0.2275594025850296,
0.06346002966165543,
-0.10599008947610855,
0.07828521728515625,
0.5380656123161316,
0.244384765625,
-0.1828664094209671,
0.1785380095243454,
0.5013427734375,
-0.3173828125,
0.2295430451631546,
0.008104960434138775,
0.4061482846736908,
0.1817372590303421,
0.05159823223948479,
-0.022579193115234375,
-0.06593576818704605,
0.041861217468976974,
0.1916929930448532,
0.1732533723115921,
-0.0952860489487648,
0.2195943146944046,
0.23375923931598663,
-0.0606486015021801,
0.216217041015625,
0.08473650366067886,
-0.023982524871826172,
0.09533818811178207,
0.17380523681640625,
0.5946858525276184,
-0.12671057879924774,
-0.21160888671875,
0.8420817255973816,
0.3104890286922455,
0.010389328002929688,
0.0112826032564044,
-0.3074747622013092,
0.501312255859375,
2.1206867694854736,
0.6773274540901184,
2.2390949726104736,
-0.4342854917049408,
-0.08397483825683594,
0.3055318295955658,
-0.2343699187040329,
0.12404123693704605,
0.1481374055147171,
0.12767283618450165,
0.2281697541475296,
0.499755859375,
-0.28680419921875,
0.43914794921875,
-0.237213134765625,
0.2535909116268158,
0.3531290590763092,
-0.5268786549568176,
0.1277109831571579,
0.016654333099722862,
0.2577616274356842,
0.08831850439310074,
0.13334591686725616,
0.3406270444393158,
0.6046142578125,
-0.3543802797794342,
-0.7423095703125,
0.44158935546875,
-0.06644948571920395,
-0.76904296875,
-0.1485850065946579,
-0.1484273225069046,
0.2427266389131546,
0.20305125415325165,
0.045324962586164474,
0.08002980798482895,
-0.1902516633272171,
4.774088382720947,
0.007743676658719778,
-0.2218119353055954,
-0.11206817626953125,
0.03323670104146004,
0.1892445832490921,
0.0008642126922495663,
-0.2301839143037796,
-0.17694091796875,
0.16251246631145477,
0.229400634765625,
0.00661023473367095,
-0.08912722021341324,
-0.14235973358154297,
0.1406300812959671,
0.42236328125,
-0.05251248553395271,
0.1889699250459671,
0.3426920473575592,
0.08194240182638168,
0.2127176970243454,
0.20131810009479523,
0.0952606201171875,
-0.0999043807387352,
-0.02933247946202755,
0.050088245421648026,
-0.08792328834533691,
-0.06406529992818832,
-0.04339854046702385,
0.1827392578125,
-0.21605682373046875,
5.471028804779053,
0.008339802734553814,
0.3157958984375,
-0.286865234375,
-0.08392366021871567,
0.28350830078125,
-0.12301477044820786,
-0.5857951045036316,
-0.2829488217830658,
-0.04334259033203125,
-0.21854527294635773,
0.143035888671875,
-0.1999409943819046,
0.7620442509651184,
-0.177595853805542,
0.3825276792049408,
-0.1404368132352829,
0.20998890697956085,
0.02538553811609745,
0.04888979718089104,
0.4620157778263092,
-0.045523326843976974,
0.1494598388671875,
-0.28271484375,
-0.03017679788172245,
-0.019710540771484375,
0.1801249235868454,
0.57891845703125,
-0.33837890625,
0.15050888061523438,
0.2151591032743454,
-0.1729227751493454,
-0.4551595151424408,
0.6390177607536316,
-0.6306559443473816,
0.1779530793428421,
0.3988749086856842,
0.2097880095243454,
0.09929927438497543,
0.13717524707317352,
0.3693440854549408,
0.16915638744831085,
-0.263458251953125,
-0.4475199282169342,
0.13712818920612335,
-0.00577545166015625,
-0.22970835864543915,
-0.11633554846048355,
-0.136383056640625,
0.010098774917423725,
0.50482177734375,
0.1920522004365921,
0.9309489130973816,
0.5505778193473816,
0.1610056608915329,
0.4462483823299408,
-0.3431142270565033,
0.04119046404957771,
0.3951416015625,
-0.2175954133272171,
0.24408388137817383,
0.230987548828125,
-0.1665140837430954,
0.37408447265625,
0.2491353303194046,
0.3755696713924408,
-0.20562744140625,
-0.01692279241979122,
0.3268229067325592,
-0.01577218435704708,
-0.14966075122356415,
0.4682820737361908,
0.15823619067668915,
0.4992472231388092,
-0.0442555733025074,
0.06850477308034897,
0.4855143129825592,
-0.4260457456111908,
0.0067113242112100124,
0.0035813648719340563,
-0.021919846534729004,
-0.1564483642578125,
-0.2250518798828125,
-0.1490071564912796,
-0.2108154296875,
-0.2017364501953125,
-0.03886572644114494,
0.0446217842400074,
0.2490132600069046,
0.3207295835018158,
0.4004313051700592,
0.06830596923828125,
-0.312347412109375,
0.24945068359375,
0.0720764771103859,
0.35919189453125,
0.27769723534584045,
0.21904754638671875,
0.2412363737821579,
0.049905139952898026,
-0.26104798913002014,
-0.07446733862161636,
0.15238380432128906,
-0.1334654539823532,
0.2321065217256546,
-0.1575876921415329,
-0.10116513818502426,
0.08144474029541016,
0.2383778840303421,
-0.15392303466796875,
0.4011434018611908,
0.2491912841796875,
-0.3300069272518158,
0.05092430114746094,
0.2913919985294342
] |
2112
|
How many mammary glands do human women have?
|
[
{
"docid": "311440#2",
"text": "All the milk-secreting tissue leading to a single lactiferous duct is called a \"simple mammary gland\"; in a \"complex mammary gland\" all the simple mammary glands serve one nipple. Humans normally have two complex mammary glands, one in each breast, and each complex mammary gland consists of 10–20 simple glands. The presence of more than two nipples is known as polythelia and the presence of more than two complex mammary glands as polymastia.",
"title": "Mammary gland"
},
{
"docid": "20913864#5",
"text": "A distinguishing characteristic of the class \"Mammalia\" is the presence of mammary glands. The mammary glands are modified sweat glands that produce milk, which is used to feed the young for some time after birth. Only mammals produce milk. Mammary glands are most obvious in humans, as the female human body stores large amounts of fatty tissue near the nipples, resulting in prominent breasts. Mammary glands are present in all mammals, although they are seldom used by the males of the species.",
"title": "Female"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "311440#23",
"text": "Male mammals typically have rudimentary mammary glands and nipples, with a few exceptions: male mice do not have nipples, and male horses lack nipples and mammary glands. The male Dayak fruit bat has lactating mammary glands. Male lactation occurs infrequently in some species, including humans.",
"title": "Mammary gland"
},
{
"docid": "311440#22",
"text": "The breasts of the adult human female vary from most other mammals that tend to have less conspicuous mammary glands. The number and positioning of mammary glands varies widely in different mammals. The protruding teats and accompanying glands can be located anywhere along the two milk lines. In general most mammals develop mammary glands in pairs along these lines, with a number approximating the number of young typically birthed at a time. The number of teats varies from 2 (in most primates) to 18 (in pigs). The Virginia opossum has 13, one of the few mammals with an odd number. The following table lists the number and position of teats and glands found in a range of mammals:",
"title": "Mammary gland"
},
{
"docid": "311440#0",
"text": "A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. Mammals get their name from the Latin word \"mamma\", \"breast\". The mammary glands are arranged in organs such as the breasts in primates (for example, humans and chimpanzees), the udder in ruminants (for example, cows, goats, and deer), and the dugs of other animals (for example, dogs and cats). Lactorrhea, the occasional production of milk by the glands, can occur in any mammal, but in most mammals, lactation, the production of enough milk for nursing, occurs only in phenotypic females who have gestated in recent months or years. It is directed by hormonal guidance from sex steroids. In a few mammalian species, male lactation can occur.",
"title": "Mammary gland"
},
{
"docid": "4065055#0",
"text": "A mammary tumor is a neoplasm originating in the mammary gland. It is a common finding in older female dogs and cats that are not spayed, but they are found in other animals as well. The mammary glands in dogs and cats are associated with their nipples and extend from the underside of the chest to the groin on both sides of the midline. There are many differences between mammary tumors in animals and breast cancer in humans, including tumor type, malignancy, and treatment options. The prevalence in dogs is about three times that of women. In dogs, mammary tumors are the second most common tumor (after skin tumors) over all and the most common tumor in female dogs with a reported incidence of 3.4%. Multiple studies have documented that spaying female dogs when young greatly decreases their risk of developing mammary neoplasia when aged. Compared with female dogs left intact, those spayed before puberty have 0.5% of the risk, those spayed after one estrous cycle have 8.0% of the risk, and dogs spayed after two estrous cycles have 26.0% of the risk of developing mammary neoplasia later in life. Overall, unspayed female dogs have a seven times greater risk of developing mammary neoplasia than do those that are spayed. While the benefit of spaying decreases with each estrous cycle, some benefit has been demonstrated in female dogs even up to 9 years of age. There is a much lower risk (about 1 percent) in male dogs and a risk in cats about half that of dogs.",
"title": "Mammary tumor"
},
{
"docid": "464545#38",
"text": "Most primates have two mammary glands, but the number and positions vary between species within strepsirrhines. Lorises have two pairs, while others, like the ring-tailed lemur, have one pair on the chest (pectoral). The aye-aye also has two mammary glands, but they are located near the groin (inguinal). In females, the clitoris is sometimes enlarged and pendulous, resembling the male penis, which can make sex identification difficult for human observers. The clitoris may also have a bony structure in it, similar to the baculum (penis bone) in males. Most male primates have a baculum, but it is typically larger in strepsirrhines and usually forked at the tip.",
"title": "Strepsirrhini"
},
{
"docid": "18838#52",
"text": "The mammary glands of mammals are specialized to produce milk, the primary source of nutrition for newborns. The monotremes branched early from other mammals and do not have the nipples seen in most mammals, but they do have mammary glands. The young lick the milk from a mammary patch on the mother's belly.",
"title": "Mammal"
},
{
"docid": "692141#6",
"text": "This is the most common cause of anovulation and is thought to account for about 70% of all cases. About half the women with hormonal imbalances do not produce enough follicles to ensure the development of an ovule, possibly due to poor hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus. The pituitary gland controls most other hormonal glands in the human body. Therefore, any pituitary malfunctioning affects other glands under its influence, including the ovaries. This occurs in around 10% of cases. The mammary glands are also controlled by the pituitary gland, so lactation can also be affected. The pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus. In 10% of cases, alterations in the chemical signals from the hypothalamus can easily seriously affect the ovaries.",
"title": "Anovulation"
},
{
"docid": "311440#20",
"text": "During weaning, decreased prolactin, missing mechanical stimulation (baby suckling), and changes in osmotic balance caused by milk stasis and leaking of tight junctions cause cessation of milk production. It is the (passive) process of a child or animal ceasing to be dependent on the mother for nourishment. In some species there is complete or partial involution of alveolar structures after weaning, in humans there is only partial involution and the level of involution in humans appears to be highly individual. The glands in the breast do secrete fluid also in nonlactating women. In some other species (such as cows), all alveoli and secretory duct structures collapse by programmed cell death (apoptosis) and autophagy for lack of growth promoting factors either from the ECM or circulating hormones. At the same time, apoptosis of blood capillary endothelial cells speeds up the regression of lactation ductal beds. Shrinkage of the mammary duct tree and ECM remodeling by various proteinase is under the control of somatostatin and other growth inhibiting hormones and local factors. This major structural change leads loose fat tissue to fill the empty space afterward. But a functional lactiferous duct tree can be formed again when a female is pregnant again.",
"title": "Mammary gland"
}
] |
[
0.349365234375,
0.15138831734657288,
-0.2971332371234894,
-0.07060007005929947,
0.14980491995811462,
-0.030673686414957047,
0.5445462465286255,
-0.35426682233810425,
-0.17314030230045319,
0.3829439580440521,
-0.5513821840286255,
-0.21946364641189575,
-0.013651113957166672,
0.3248666524887085,
-0.293701171875,
0.4361666142940521,
0.2638033330440521,
0.2812030613422394,
0.05868295580148697,
0.3116455078125,
-0.1223103478550911,
0.6562124490737915,
0.19102360308170319,
-0.2625263035297394,
0.3343881368637085,
-0.3059175908565521,
0.00522613525390625,
0.16626212000846863,
0.02089427039027214,
0.19230300188064575,
0.12811841070652008,
-0.056179340928792953,
-0.08162630349397659,
0.5742281675338745,
-0.0914306640625,
0.30319449305534363,
0.4405048191547394,
-0.39261099696159363,
0.16808846592903137,
0.19561767578125,
-0.029204735532402992,
-0.03339327126741409,
-0.3002225458621979,
-0.18608680367469788,
0.12231092900037766,
-0.5107046365737915,
0.16728797554969788,
-0.1381906419992447,
-0.1491418480873108,
0.3380126953125,
-0.14178584516048431,
0.16174785792827606,
-0.16673865914344788,
0.005263695493340492,
-0.04665550962090492,
0.47671273350715637,
0.16272208094596863,
0.8785306215286255,
0.05047394707798958,
0.06099855154752731,
0.41778093576431274,
0.24662663042545319,
0.19341805577278137,
-0.0018768310546875,
-0.212371826171875,
0.03449748083949089,
-0.026843437924981117,
-0.17448776960372925,
0.11406531929969788,
0.2573922872543335,
-0.04211191087961197,
0.1331440806388855,
0.33233642578125,
0.08796574175357819,
0.09735225141048431,
-0.6717623472213745,
0.07328033447265625,
0.29314011335372925,
0.20985133945941925,
0.2351003736257553,
0.34286263585090637,
-0.10506849735975266,
0.08743051439523697,
0.5844163298606873,
-0.5094839334487915,
0.23566143214702606,
0.09381103515625,
0.28696441650390625,
0.1747165024280548,
0.36520621180534363,
0.011941909790039062,
0.24801871180534363,
0.25573259592056274,
0.036406297236680984,
0.23935171961784363,
0.19531601667404175,
0.4182880222797394,
-0.2554157078266144,
0.028306227177381516,
-0.0661468505859375,
0.15317711234092712,
-0.2974947392940521,
0.25834891200065613,
0.37546011805534363,
0.3804462254047394,
-0.46161359548568726,
-0.37530046701431274,
-0.05418601259589195,
-0.0836423709988594,
0.26898664236068726,
0.08091171085834503,
-0.19734779000282288,
0.07459434866905212,
-0.08736507594585419,
0.4886005222797394,
0.21533203125,
0.4776611328125,
-0.3534404933452606,
-0.24588364362716675,
-0.6965519785881042,
0.39186447858810425,
0.41794058680534363,
-0.22481125593185425,
-0.2031484693288803,
0.08966709673404694,
0.008062509819865227,
0.6188401579856873,
-0.27593523263931274,
0.519775390625,
0.2916118800640106,
0.15293766558170319,
0.17562630772590637,
0.02578955516219139,
0.8734976053237915,
0.6410945057868958,
0.4166729152202606,
0.5034742951393127,
-0.3363130986690521,
-0.3100351095199585,
-0.2018365114927292,
-0.12302493304014206,
-0.23800717294216156,
0.015875009819865227,
0.4830697774887085,
-0.22907844185829163,
-0.16847580671310425,
0.11028818041086197,
0.09327110648155212,
0.07654982060194016,
0.24624869227409363,
0.09744966775178909,
0.3135141134262085,
-0.02097613923251629,
0.61279296875,
-0.30740121006965637,
-0.002189929597079754,
0.4364013671875,
0.1296926587820053,
-0.042013589292764664,
0.1614297777414322,
0.819411039352417,
0.4364483058452606,
0.1312185376882553,
0.17244426906108856,
0.24355843663215637,
0.12753531336784363,
0.04017066955566406,
0.642164945602417,
0.6160043478012085,
0.04336841404438019,
-0.17346426844596863,
0.30128830671310425,
0.1669382005929947,
-0.25817635655403137,
0.31328874826431274,
0.16237229108810425,
-0.04970462620258331,
0.2533334493637085,
0.3394071161746979,
0.25283578038215637,
0.4751352071762085,
0.21256549656391144,
0.6788235902786255,
-0.02216309681534767,
0.5753831267356873,
0.38446515798568726,
-0.04865807667374611,
-0.030494103208184242,
0.014186859130859375,
-0.33135515451431274,
-0.05017852783203125,
0.034193772822618484,
0.735914945602417,
0.3353130519390106,
-0.04924833029508591,
-0.12744757533073425,
-0.467629075050354,
0.7053785920143127,
0.05933321267366409,
0.2860482931137085,
0.1177978515625,
-0.34734636545181274,
-0.3183969259262085,
0.2018056958913803,
0.4305889308452606,
-0.4080059230327606,
-0.12349994480609894,
-0.10876405984163284,
-0.12051332741975784,
-0.10742656886577606,
-0.31728655099868774,
0.0368402935564518,
-0.021621117368340492,
0.11882371455430984,
0.22747333347797394,
-0.09036724269390106,
0.2743436396121979,
-0.40350341796875,
0.42902082204818726,
0.21116873621940613,
-0.13562598824501038,
0.07123741507530212,
-0.14291617274284363,
-0.3477783203125,
-0.03992168605327606,
-0.07966085523366928,
-0.025289682671427727,
-0.44961312413215637,
0.04089531674981117,
-0.17689396440982819,
0.5358323454856873,
0.003962590359151363,
0.18598820269107819,
-0.1730722337961197,
0.18809157609939575,
0.058241330087184906,
0.49806565046310425,
0.648193359375,
-0.05299083888530731,
0.06997284293174744,
0.4351900517940521,
-0.03448662534356117,
-0.42278581857681274,
-0.06891221553087234,
0.3396747410297394,
-0.3460599482059479,
0.02920766919851303,
0.33218148350715637,
0.011244554072618484,
-0.37261492013931274,
0.1605600267648697,
-0.26155441999435425,
-0.14527305960655212,
0.5321326851844788,
-0.26658278703689575,
0.26056379079818726,
0.13132183253765106,
-0.12450702488422394,
0.02091745287179947,
0.17050758004188538,
-0.14506295323371887,
0.2093505859375,
0.47085335850715637,
0.16140277683734894,
-0.37905648350715637,
-0.014225886203348637,
0.1895517259836197,
0.46506911516189575,
0.013007530942559242,
0.5169677734375,
0.24200908839702606,
-0.5646784901618958,
0.3677884638309479,
-0.39089730381965637,
-0.3330078125,
-0.4526461064815521,
0.24825111031532288,
-0.1554025560617447,
-0.4367300271987915,
0.23580917716026306,
0.05693113058805466,
-0.12299741804599762,
-0.2148061841726303,
-0.11285987496376038,
-0.012225811369717121,
0.028150411322712898,
0.11958430707454681,
0.25449782609939575,
0.04186307638883591,
0.43194109201431274,
-0.0007547232089564204,
0.4998685419559479,
0.14363449811935425,
-0.10579857230186462,
-0.10246673226356506,
0.3450191915035248,
-0.3621450662612915,
0.18550227582454681,
0.30224609375,
0.23256272077560425,
0.710129976272583,
-0.39430588483810425,
0.08065091818571091,
-0.07362483441829681,
-0.13548102974891663,
0.22493332624435425,
-0.64501953125,
-0.20869328081607819,
-0.22850154340267181,
0.24483622610569,
-0.04204735532402992,
0.03470787778496742,
0.18382498621940613,
0.22575026750564575,
0.40009015798568726,
-0.15724417567253113,
-0.24151141941547394,
-0.3716947138309479,
0.595947265625,
0.19466018676757812,
-0.19279597699642181,
0.06622196733951569,
-0.26227277517318726,
-0.0756378173828125,
-0.051319416612386703,
-0.31725603342056274,
0.1917959302663803,
-0.33517691493034363,
0.2878652811050415,
0.008549616672098637,
0.3557991683483124,
0.264862060546875,
-0.4705904424190521,
0.13112948834896088,
0.003658588044345379,
0.17386099696159363,
0.20226581394672394,
0.4084378778934479,
-0.5260103940963745,
-0.17742684483528137,
0.28019243478775024,
0.1954275220632553,
0.03820500150322914,
0.36232346296310425,
0.82373046875,
-0.31894156336784363,
0.22438400983810425,
0.4203726053237915,
0.4007098972797394,
-0.16480518877506256,
0.25182634592056274,
0.14324951171875,
-0.1410135179758072,
-0.2103341966867447,
0.35580679774284363,
0.608079195022583,
0.43933576345443726,
0.48822492361068726,
0.18267822265625,
-0.24589186906814575,
0.30600211024284363,
0.2792123556137085,
-0.07137416303157806,
0.25864821672439575,
0.0719187781214714,
0.15093994140625,
-0.17696204781532288,
-0.1352010816335678,
0.28286507725715637,
0.01934814453125,
0.40753644704818726,
-0.39100998640060425,
0.062369126826524734,
-0.04562436789274216,
-0.30837777256965637,
-0.12973257899284363,
0.26755934953689575,
0.07700054347515106,
0.525390625,
-0.26890212297439575,
-0.017681416124105453,
0.5877591371536255,
0.2731458246707916,
-0.12404830753803253,
0.17942927777767181,
-0.015335669741034508,
-0.19587355852127075,
0.36774152517318726,
-0.017104515805840492,
-0.16309063136577606,
-0.0777241662144661,
-0.2765737771987915,
0.031203050166368484,
-0.21471816301345825,
-0.30580490827560425,
-0.29066818952560425,
-0.3389798700809479,
0.3056405782699585,
0.07532090693712234,
-0.3519193232059479,
-0.23341017961502075,
0.017279697582125664,
0.22979736328125,
0.3452523946762085,
4.217848777770996,
0.4856708347797394,
0.2873629033565521,
0.017876826226711273,
-0.08071386069059372,
-0.035508520901203156,
0.13821175694465637,
-0.33392244577407837,
0.06271009892225266,
-0.011107224971055984,
-0.10918155312538147,
-0.16514469683170319,
-0.12045053392648697,
0.4290865361690521,
-0.1396719068288803,
0.3823617696762085,
0.4005643427371979,
0.1524934023618698,
0.18483322858810425,
0.02406017668545246,
-0.34105974435806274,
0.4974271357059479,
0.2537466287612915,
0.12012188136577606,
0.14751727879047394,
0.15231087803840637,
0.28838640451431274,
0.14349834620952606,
0.31508225202560425,
0.18784743547439575,
0.2511831521987915,
-0.016752095893025398,
0.1036016047000885,
-0.3482290506362915,
-0.5759840607643127,
0.06064356118440628,
0.14970633387565613,
0.1724618822336197,
0.21383315324783325,
0.1710580736398697,
-0.11454185843467712,
-0.003265087492763996,
0.12272056937217712,
0.5489783883094788,
0.4896240234375,
-0.3112886846065521,
-0.03187032788991928,
0.22456242144107819,
0.03527626767754555,
0.4674541652202606,
0.4267578125,
-0.06417545676231384,
-0.09682875126600266,
-0.04081520810723305,
0.5033240914344788,
0.6235727071762085,
0.3463346064090729,
0.4541485011577606,
0.03933129087090492,
0.08235403150320053,
0.1650320142507553,
-0.1824951171875,
0.6524000763893127,
0.019329730421304703,
-0.21934157609939575,
0.42217546701431274,
0.05707726255059242,
0.44442513585090637,
0.09578176587820053,
-0.583420991897583,
0.5808480978012085,
0.2791372537612915,
0.12948843836784363,
-0.39108511805534363,
0.4303823709487915,
-0.05770404636859894,
-0.6220703125,
0.2621225118637085,
0.44899338483810425,
-0.13047482073307037,
0.08873924612998962,
-0.09262899309396744,
0.09947086870670319,
0.273612380027771,
0.23610275983810425,
0.5286020040512085,
-0.036767225712537766,
-0.3761221170425415,
0.3975736200809479,
-0.16437706351280212,
-0.03412041440606117,
-0.3464754521846771,
0.0708257257938385,
0.21849177777767181,
-0.09763321280479431,
0.16779400408267975,
-0.1494985669851303,
-3.888972282409668,
0.38474684953689575,
0.4473407566547394,
0.018271813169121742,
0.12123929709196091,
0.03411564603447914,
-0.3773287236690521,
0.4067852199077606,
-0.10230665653944016,
-0.07808656245470047,
-0.10295222699642181,
0.04583681374788284,
-0.3454965353012085,
0.09689653664827347,
0.2244638353586197,
0.31846266984939575,
0.014300713315606117,
0.03586079552769661,
0.4903470575809479,
-0.07247279584407806,
-0.15900127589702606,
-0.0018117243889719248,
0.2427133470773697,
-0.45856183767318726,
-0.29013296961784363,
0.16013629734516144,
0.4947040379047394,
-0.1319621205329895,
-0.043834686279296875,
-0.04978620260953903,
-0.15762564539909363,
-0.014870276674628258,
0.2682964503765106,
-0.2864591181278229,
-0.049713134765625,
0.2581693232059479,
0.2139311581850052,
0.011751027777791023,
0.14929668605327606,
0.2055288404226303,
0.0012793907662853599,
-0.19398850202560425,
0.3633939325809479,
-0.1814950853586197,
0.2773531377315521,
0.13830097019672394,
0.07713493704795837,
0.22369854152202606,
-0.23879241943359375,
0.10139347612857819,
0.4108511209487915,
-0.2282744199037552,
0.38217398524284363,
0.09922672808170319,
0.4658578634262085,
-0.2510986328125,
-0.025834890082478523,
-0.09592672437429428,
0.37115949392318726,
0.18593186140060425,
0.34495192766189575,
-0.2689983546733856,
0.17072707414627075,
-0.16863074898719788,
0.23159554600715637,
-0.03700725734233856,
0.2537137567996979,
0.31370192766189575,
0.4766376316547394,
-0.07786912471055984,
0.45782941579818726,
-0.002446541329845786,
0.29526931047439575,
0.1433034986257553,
0.2000497728586197,
0.4007943868637085,
0.2568828761577606,
-0.4392841160297394,
0.3857046365737915,
0.11892759054899216,
-0.18905991315841675,
-0.5302828550338745,
-0.4486177861690521,
0.06967677921056747,
2.1259765625,
0.21609966456890106,
2.315805196762085,
-0.11084453761577606,
-0.08397146314382553,
0.31195539236068726,
-0.5179537534713745,
0.08916620165109634,
0.22036507725715637,
0.3025043308734894,
0.3436748683452606,
0.3851224482059479,
-0.10094041377305984,
0.02329488843679428,
-0.18846012651920319,
0.18547645211219788,
0.258098304271698,
-1.0023287534713745,
-0.04865279421210289,
-0.16501162946224213,
0.27593523263931274,
-0.43569710850715637,
0.2319406419992447,
0.20834819972515106,
0.25595328211784363,
0.09694612771272659,
-0.011035625822842121,
0.08503855019807816,
0.060975294560194016,
-0.4188701808452606,
0.27221444249153137,
-0.3770282566547394,
0.40536734461784363,
0.28494498133659363,
0.08636943995952606,
-0.15597298741340637,
-0.0609893798828125,
4.702524185180664,
0.11581405997276306,
0.23773662745952606,
-0.03758298605680466,
0.4455190896987915,
0.25732892751693726,
0.26717904210090637,
-0.15106083452701569,
0.1307138353586197,
0.4483548700809479,
0.578857421875,
0.187713623046875,
-0.35837027430534363,
0.10376152396202087,
0.36261457204818726,
-0.24835205078125,
0.03366118296980858,
0.06808353960514069,
-0.0294342041015625,
0.0871165320277214,
0.2583383321762085,
-0.16346396505832672,
0.39325422048568726,
-0.19452373683452606,
-0.10705801099538803,
0.16761428117752075,
0.04963155835866928,
0.006931891664862633,
0.13190284371376038,
-0.2597750127315521,
0.5680589079856873,
5.448317527770996,
-0.20279048383235931,
0.22034160792827606,
0.3261343240737915,
-0.05943489074707031,
0.055270854383707047,
-0.3069598972797394,
-0.02273823693394661,
-0.20360389351844788,
-0.05264047533273697,
-0.08954121172428131,
0.06632291525602341,
-0.14039963483810425,
0.6730393767356873,
0.19123722612857819,
-0.1140553429722786,
-0.3763521611690521,
-0.20762282609939575,
-0.1970754712820053,
0.11244083940982819,
0.14324012398719788,
0.24118217825889587,
0.3675067722797394,
-0.271148681640625,
-0.03931867331266403,
0.23611214756965637,
0.23322002589702606,
0.533522367477417,
-0.08626145869493484,
0.18276625871658325,
0.005142138339579105,
0.590162992477417,
-0.48362380266189575,
0.4539888799190521,
-0.01607748121023178,
0.24892953038215637,
0.33278244733810425,
0.5751389861106873,
-0.11583885550498962,
-0.012450437992811203,
0.534592866897583,
0.36865234375,
-0.34995681047439575,
-0.07612140476703644,
0.46975472569465637,
-0.20054274797439575,
0.19605900347232819,
-0.04664347693324089,
0.3378154933452606,
0.2532113790512085,
-0.24713017046451569,
0.10122445970773697,
1.0789138078689575,
0.10874586552381516,
0.0669097900390625,
0.07235600054264069,
-0.29313308000564575,
-0.17885413765907288,
0.07558616995811462,
0.032260894775390625,
0.4559232294559479,
0.2161865234375,
-0.139678955078125,
0.6690579652786255,
0.21270751953125,
0.03670560568571091,
0.6486158967018127,
-0.06496253609657288,
0.34613507986068726,
-0.3353271484375,
-0.06594966351985931,
0.044768113642930984,
-0.34010666608810425,
-0.32034066319465637,
-0.06979604810476303,
0.2915132939815521,
0.16948875784873962,
-0.2717519998550415,
0.33098894357681274,
0.29263541102409363,
-0.10619413107633591,
-0.3895733058452606,
-0.4213491678237915,
-0.01937396638095379,
0.22186748683452606,
-0.01237502507865429,
-0.07177969068288803,
-0.3983248174190521,
-0.09641324728727341,
0.24361008405685425,
0.3351956903934479,
-0.08720794320106506,
-0.13699311017990112,
0.49192458391189575,
0.20561335980892181,
0.13222210109233856,
0.022639788687229156,
0.7363844513893127,
-0.1339486986398697,
0.09809053689241409,
0.3134296238422394,
0.27396804094314575,
0.12481924146413803,
-0.4407489597797394,
0.33770281076431274,
-0.20511466264724731,
0.15416072309017181,
0.14827552437782288,
0.33246320486068726,
-0.05536827817559242,
0.4267202615737915,
0.28999680280685425,
0.005219092592597008,
-0.2066110521554947,
0.05347365513443947
] |
2113
|
How many times have the Philadelphia Eagles played in the Super Bowl?
|
[
{
"docid": "10768291#0",
"text": "This is a complete list of American football players who have played for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). It includes players that have played at least one game in the NFL regular season. The Philadelphia Eagles franchise was founded in 1933. The Eagles played in four pre-Super Bowl Era NFL Championships (1947, 1948, 1949 and 1960) winning three (1948, 1949 and 1960). They have also played in three Super Bowls (XV, XXXIX and LII), winning Super Bowl LII.",
"title": "List of Philadelphia Eagles players"
},
{
"docid": "2898735#0",
"text": "The history of the Philadelphia Eagles begins in 1933. In their history, the Eagles have appeared in the Super Bowl three times, losing in their first two appearances but winning the third, in 2018. They won three NFL Championships, the precursor to the Super Bowl, in four appearances.",
"title": "History of the Philadelphia Eagles"
},
{
"docid": "16317966#0",
"text": "This is a list of head coaches for the Philadelphia Eagles. The Philadelphia Eagles are a professional American football team based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1933. Currently members of the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC), the team has won three NFL titles and made three Super Bowl appearances (1980, 2004, and 2018), with their first Super Bowl victory coming in Super Bowl LII under second-year head coach Doug Pederson. There have been 22 head coaches of the Eagles in the NFL.",
"title": "List of Philadelphia Eagles head coaches"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "16677990#0",
"text": "The 1981 Philadelphia Eagles season resulted in an appearance in the postseason for the fourth straight season (first time in franchise history the Eagles had made the postseason four straight times). The team was coming off a Super Bowl loss to the Oakland Raiders the previous season. Because they made the Super Bowl in 1980, they were picked by many to not only reach the Super Bowl, but to win it as well. The Eagles began the 1981 season with 6 straight wins, their best ever start to a season at the time. The Eagles would win then 3 of their next 5 games to sit at 9-2. They would then lose their next 4 games to slip to 9-6 and were in danger of missing out on the playoffs. The next week, they hammered the Cardinals 38-0 to clinch a playoff berth for the fourth straight season. In the playoffs, they met their arch rivals the Giants. It was New York's first playoff appearance in 18 years. In the game, the Giants would stun the eagles 27-21, ending the Eagles season as well as hopes for a second straight Super Bowl appearance. The Eagles would not make the playoffs again until 1988. They also wouldn't reach the Super Bowl again until 2004.",
"title": "1981 Philadelphia Eagles season"
},
{
"docid": "55952413#5",
"text": "The Eagles had a disappointing preseason. The starting offense during their exhibitions looked nowhere like their Super Bowl counterparts. Super Bowl MVP Nick Foles had an awful preseason struggling in games versus the Patriots and Browns. Many injuries occurred while some from the previous season affected the starting offense's play. Many questioned how they would fare out after a lousy preseason showing.",
"title": "2018 Philadelphia Eagles season"
},
{
"docid": "29725372#0",
"text": "The Philadelphia Eagles season was the franchise's 79th season in the National Football League, and the thirteenth under head coach Andy Reid. The Eagles had high hopes of competing for a Super Bowl, with several notable offseason acquisitions; however, they ultimately failed to improve on their 10-6 record from 2010 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2007. However, they did win their last 4 games, in an attempt to pull out a miracle playoff berth, finishing 8–8, only 1 game behind the divisional winners and eventual Super Bowl champions, the New York Giants, and they swept the Dallas Cowboys and Washington Redskins for the first time since 2006 and 2009, respectively. The Eagles played all their home games at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.",
"title": "2011 Philadelphia Eagles season"
},
{
"docid": "27718#50",
"text": "No team has ever played the Super Bowl in its home stadium. The closest any team has come was the 2017 Minnesota Vikings, who were within one win of playing Super Bowl LII in U.S. Bank Stadium, but lost the NFC Championship game to the Philadelphia Eagles. Two teams have played the Super Bowl in their home market: the San Francisco 49ers, who played Super Bowl XIX in Stanford Stadium instead of Candlestick Park; and the Los Angeles Rams, who played Super Bowl XIV in the Rose Bowl instead of the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In both cases, the stadium in which the Super Bowl was held was perceived to be a better stadium for a large, high-profile event than the stadiums the Rams and 49ers were playing in at the time; this situation has not arisen since 1993, in part because the league has traditionally awarded the Super Bowl in modern times to the newest stadiums. Besides those two, the only other Super Bowl venue that was not the home stadium to an NFL team at the time was Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played there previously, but moved to the Astrodome several years prior to Super Bowl VIII. The Orange Bowl was the only AFL stadium to host a Super Bowl and the only stadium to host consecutive Super Bowls, hosting Super Bowls II and III.",
"title": "Super Bowl"
},
{
"docid": "18847660#0",
"text": "The 1982 Philadelphia Eagles season resulted in a losing season. This season would mark the end of an era under head coach Dick Vermeil. While under Vermeil the Eagles had the most successful period of their existence up to that time, making the playoffs four straight seasons (1978–1981) and having a record of 54–47 in six seasons with Vermeil (1976–1982) while making the Super Bowl in 1980. Vermeil retired due to burnout but would return to coaching in 1997 with the St. Louis Rams and would lead them to a Super Bowl victory in 1999.",
"title": "1982 Philadelphia Eagles season"
},
{
"docid": "52106399#2",
"text": "The Eagles defeated the Atlanta Falcons 15–10 in the Divisional Round and routed the Minnesota Vikings 38–7 in the NFC Championship. The win against the Falcons in the divisional round was their first playoff win since 2008. The Eagles were the first No. 1 seed in the playoffs since 1980 to be an underdog in the Divisional Round, as well as in the Conference Championship. In total, six Eagles players were selected for the Pro Bowl, including four first-time recipients. However, none of them participated due to preparations for Super Bowl LII.\nThe Eagles defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 41–33 in Super Bowl LII for their first Super Bowl victory in franchise history. It was also their fourth NFL Championship, and their first league title since 1960. This was the second time the Eagles and Patriots battled in a Super Bowl; when they met in Super Bowl XXXIX, the Patriots won 24–21. Backup quarterback Nick Foles was named Super Bowl MVP and became the first backup to receive this award since his opponent, Tom Brady, did in Super Bowl XXXVI. The Eagles defeated both Super Bowl teams from the previous NFL season (the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons) in the playoffs. They also defeated both teams who had beaten them in their only two previous Super Bowl appearances. They defeated the Oakland Raiders in the regular season, who beat them in Super Bowl XV and the Patriots in the Super Bowl, who previously beat them in Super Bowl XXXIX.Notes",
"title": "2017 Philadelphia Eagles season"
},
{
"docid": "685010#0",
"text": "Super Bowl XXXIX was an American football game played between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2004 season. The Patriots defeated the Eagles by the score of 24–21. The game was played on February 6, 2005, at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida, the first time the Super Bowl was played in that city.",
"title": "Super Bowl XXXIX"
}
] |
[
0.6456380486488342,
-0.06640675663948059,
-0.606201171875,
0.19783934950828552,
-0.046261977404356,
0.16981129348278046,
0.14781951904296875,
-0.2838541567325592,
0.14253540337085724,
0.31668293476104736,
-0.12172749638557434,
-0.3287923038005829,
-0.3583007752895355,
0.050598908215761185,
0.0015838623512536287,
0.1679738312959671,
0.5169270634651184,
-0.11091511696577072,
0.24101155996322632,
-0.3307698667049408,
0.21278075873851776,
0.35458171367645264,
-0.05228131636977196,
0.18481852114200592,
0.06846974790096283,
0.04529978334903717,
-0.34860026836395264,
0.10362141579389572,
0.17877808213233948,
0.25170084834098816,
0.13326619565486908,
-0.179931640625,
-0.11758829653263092,
0.5888163447380066,
-0.6074869632720947,
0.1255035400390625,
0.07060699164867401,
-0.3834635317325592,
0.17069905996322632,
0.4190104305744171,
-0.1514180451631546,
-0.27291667461395264,
0.4574544131755829,
-0.28372395038604736,
0.660937488079071,
0.04491017758846283,
0.05048523098230362,
-0.055202800780534744,
-0.4740804135799408,
-0.1531982421875,
-0.19722899794578552,
-0.046023305505514145,
-0.04285939410328865,
-0.4728841185569763,
-0.05935516208410263,
0.07970784604549408,
-0.12616881728172302,
0.6982259154319763,
0.20851440727710724,
-0.16578979790210724,
0.3232015073299408,
-0.107177734375,
-0.274169921875,
0.21042481064796448,
-0.2405802458524704,
-0.012481689453125,
-0.12207438051700592,
0.3335205018520355,
0.06720593571662903,
0.1229298934340477,
0.22900797426700592,
0.5463704466819763,
0.436279296875,
-0.06569061428308487,
-0.17693480849266052,
-0.4975341856479645,
0.12335637211799622,
0.11639404296875,
0.4020426571369171,
-0.26907145977020264,
0.5231282711029053,
-0.2691813111305237,
-0.3131245970726013,
0.3025268614292145,
0.3324625790119171,
0.38227540254592896,
0.2588297426700592,
0.41162109375,
0.2554565370082855,
0.5273762941360474,
-0.33167317509651184,
-0.0437215156853199,
0.0541636161506176,
0.18325093388557434,
0.0036859512329101562,
0.29566651582717896,
0.17377115786075592,
0.0864664688706398,
0.5212727785110474,
-0.23367461562156677,
0.05523892864584923,
-0.19173787534236908,
0.13429972529411316,
0.4385416805744171,
0.054640959948301315,
-0.23865357041358948,
-0.17780354619026184,
0.28701984882354736,
0.19062703847885132,
0.10320739448070526,
0.15790709853172302,
0.021114349365234375,
0.3071695864200592,
-0.15893147885799408,
0.06877848505973816,
0.2546793520450592,
0.35703760385513306,
-0.20827636122703552,
-0.1880752593278885,
-0.711230456829071,
0.7132161259651184,
0.50732421875,
-0.14541219174861908,
0.03338216245174408,
-0.1261647492647171,
-0.187236025929451,
0.6330891847610474,
0.07373657077550888,
0.6192708611488342,
0.5881510376930237,
0.21037191152572632,
0.1336086243391037,
0.05065969005227089,
0.535839855670929,
0.08727721869945526,
0.06408437341451645,
0.40857747197151184,
-0.07678629457950592,
-0.4390462338924408,
-0.05039685592055321,
0.02903461456298828,
-0.11843668669462204,
0.3355204164981842,
0.1799519807100296,
-0.09135818481445312,
0.19581705331802368,
-0.05973561480641365,
0.09551798552274704,
0.180450439453125,
0.08937632292509079,
0.07458699494600296,
0.6419922113418579,
-0.6556640863418579,
0.1774393767118454,
0.21445313096046448,
-0.00800425186753273,
0.28966063261032104,
-0.014997100457549095,
0.00596987409517169,
0.46228840947151184,
0.7611328363418579,
0.3979654908180237,
-0.02097066305577755,
0.09154001623392105,
0.19738489389419556,
0.14934489130973816,
-0.12284545600414276,
0.3697265684604645,
0.5746093988418579,
0.00441716518253088,
-0.17220662534236908,
0.00720291119068861,
-0.39200031757354736,
-0.2548176944255829,
0.25883787870407104,
0.21372070908546448,
-0.2754674255847931,
-0.0925445556640625,
0.18431396782398224,
0.06305147707462311,
-0.14662475883960724,
0.5425211787223816,
0.3057393431663513,
-0.0031814894173294306,
0.4751139283180237,
0.14178873598575592,
0.03333740308880806,
0.3079020082950592,
-0.16307780146598816,
0.04340553283691406,
0.3841308653354645,
0.19129231572151184,
0.5551920533180237,
0.09065093845129013,
0.36666667461395264,
0.21350860595703125,
0.23597005009651184,
0.2972656190395355,
-0.11416015774011612,
0.1910807341337204,
-0.1220804825425148,
0.12735596299171448,
-0.15278930962085724,
0.18855386972427368,
0.3082234561443329,
-0.06187133863568306,
0.03675638884305954,
0.27063801884651184,
-0.19792480766773224,
-0.2766682803630829,
-0.08803342282772064,
0.12983804941177368,
-0.2958129942417145,
0.45205891132354736,
0.10621414333581924,
0.2858642637729645,
-0.12240803986787796,
-0.11048176884651184,
0.4082193970680237,
0.3378336727619171,
-0.1107279434800148,
0.2944905459880829,
0.33754971623420715,
-0.057592011988162994,
0.3291666805744171,
-0.6978841423988342,
-0.3688313663005829,
-0.06538289040327072,
0.07086054235696793,
0.39912110567092896,
0.39571940898895264,
-0.09670918434858322,
0.03290964663028717,
-0.07825012505054474,
0.27089232206344604,
0.18411967158317566,
-0.4012044370174408,
-0.01391499862074852,
-0.17836099863052368,
-0.09890136867761612,
0.03850211948156357,
-0.19206136465072632,
-0.2250162810087204,
-0.1426645964384079,
0.13358357548713684,
-0.17851969599723816,
0.06007639691233635,
0.2705525755882263,
-0.07007394731044769,
-0.04024047777056694,
0.14491628110408783,
0.03020426444709301,
-0.0631815567612648,
0.5895670652389526,
-0.05731506273150444,
0.5084798336029053,
0.17882080376148224,
-0.2732584774494171,
-0.11540120095014572,
0.19584554433822632,
0.02608439140021801,
0.3416503965854645,
0.28618162870407104,
0.4614420533180237,
0.014218139462172985,
-0.03564656525850296,
0.11210479587316513,
0.42265623807907104,
-0.20064900815486908,
0.02107086218893528,
0.49441730976104736,
-0.23265686631202698,
0.46269530057907104,
0.27410945296287537,
-0.12997888028621674,
0.0003122965572401881,
0.6610025763511658,
0.0815785750746727,
-0.40275877714157104,
0.06616681069135666,
0.553417980670929,
-0.008768463507294655,
-0.36902669072151184,
-0.240997314453125,
0.33334147930145264,
0.29825031757354736,
0.10357615351676941,
-0.41596680879592896,
-0.10258890688419342,
-0.2921386659145355,
0.1829325407743454,
0.3332926332950592,
-0.01892293244600296,
0.12437133491039276,
-0.1993766725063324,
0.5797526240348816,
0.136932373046875,
-0.0627286285161972,
0.030802663415670395,
-0.20040130615234375,
0.6624837517738342,
-0.41401368379592896,
0.41116535663604736,
0.13089090585708618,
0.02548319473862648,
0.02779947966337204,
0.3390950560569763,
0.7128743529319763,
-0.19082845747470856,
0.18899942934513092,
0.3705078065395355,
-0.2815037965774536,
0.03286272659897804,
0.4118815064430237,
0.4080241024494171,
0.42444661259651184,
0.036895751953125,
0.01590016670525074,
0.7166666388511658,
0.5613932013511658,
-0.3239145874977112,
-0.0765228271484375,
-0.30294597148895264,
-0.01871541328728199,
0.3839355409145355,
-0.4544840455055237,
0.4889322817325592,
-0.26929932832717896,
0.29757601022720337,
0.3668619692325592,
0.3958304822444916,
0.10059458762407303,
-0.06988385319709778,
-0.532470703125,
-0.2829996645450592,
0.24337564408779144,
0.054096318781375885,
0.298373281955719,
0.21752777695655823,
-0.16848398745059967,
-0.01829630509018898,
-0.05241813510656357,
0.2602132260799408,
0.35537922382354736,
-0.5026692748069763,
-0.16050618886947632,
0.3387766480445862,
0.19706827402114868,
0.5025879144668579,
-0.29960936307907104,
0.10428059846162796,
0.01735992357134819,
-0.29076334834098816,
-0.16743189096450806,
0.18712972104549408,
0.19811198115348816,
0.11623789370059967,
0.4358479678630829,
0.20043538510799408,
-0.09202219545841217,
0.04368618503212929,
0.04670422896742821,
-0.06216023862361908,
0.3704264461994171,
-0.08448893576860428,
-0.23012390732765198,
-0.4010416567325592,
0.17675374448299408,
0.14547830820083618,
-0.028289794921875,
0.30640870332717896,
0.04252217710018158,
-0.11130167543888092,
0.32836100459098816,
-0.3221842348575592,
-0.0029052733443677425,
-0.15473225712776184,
0.2954142391681671,
0.5569823980331421,
0.2000935822725296,
0.07183837890625,
0.4899088442325592,
0.1540481597185135,
-0.16298218071460724,
-0.2974446713924408,
-0.10952834784984589,
-0.2660318911075592,
0.21446126699447632,
0.27283528447151184,
0.24018554389476776,
0.07687225192785263,
0.04839935153722763,
0.10243937373161316,
0.2121683806180954,
-0.590869128704071,
0.0585174560546875,
0.34109699726104736,
0.0387064628303051,
0.5192220211029053,
-0.09612973779439926,
0.06269989162683487,
0.14747925102710724,
0.08603973686695099,
0.4541178345680237,
4.211848735809326,
0.26150310039520264,
0.10393066704273224,
0.10852660983800888,
-0.42410480976104736,
0.2885375916957855,
0.557666003704071,
-0.48255208134651184,
-0.1668955534696579,
-0.08742809295654297,
-0.0031303404830396175,
0.16501322388648987,
-0.19472554326057434,
0.044329240918159485,
0.015156141482293606,
0.3288736939430237,
0.34777018427848816,
0.03479932248592377,
0.2917724549770355,
0.13590902090072632,
-0.636523425579071,
0.015239461325109005,
0.2886148989200592,
-0.05817108228802681,
0.298583984375,
0.14181111752986908,
0.23693034052848816,
-0.12370935827493668,
0.07972968369722366,
-0.09219124913215637,
0.07244949042797089,
-0.2680257260799408,
0.0961812362074852,
0.07512038201093674,
-0.5916992425918579,
0.4762206971645355,
0.37234699726104736,
0.3445800840854645,
-0.02560526505112648,
-0.21538899838924408,
-0.2352294921875,
0.07651825249195099,
0.37067872285842896,
0.38741862773895264,
0.27661946415901184,
0.07343699038028717,
-0.5900228023529053,
0.3075765073299408,
-0.2448527067899704,
0.3198201358318329,
0.5235677361488342,
0.1552073210477829,
-0.057104047387838364,
-0.24466972053050995,
0.4051350951194763,
0.3269490599632263,
-0.13874104619026184,
0.20356038212776184,
0.0038085938431322575,
0.38882648944854736,
0.2945719361305237,
-0.07832133024930954,
0.4350748658180237,
-0.22972005605697632,
-0.3028320372104645,
-0.08978474885225296,
0.17240804433822632,
0.2951822876930237,
-0.17148742079734802,
-0.4020752012729645,
0.4896484315395355,
0.2698771059513092,
0.1469828337430954,
-0.4144693911075592,
-0.05868123471736908,
-0.1798751801252365,
0.0883636474609375,
0.33699899911880493,
0.21074014902114868,
0.12863565981388092,
0.24550679326057434,
0.09091898798942566,
0.06859588623046875,
0.19082845747470856,
0.25613200664520264,
0.5674967169761658,
0.1388804167509079,
-0.4601236879825592,
0.2516438663005829,
-0.14150136709213257,
-0.04733886569738388,
-0.15189920365810394,
0.09083760529756546,
-0.14988428354263306,
-0.10223998874425888,
-0.04969177395105362,
0.08181605488061905,
-4.044661521911621,
0.11658325046300888,
-0.07356910407543182,
0.1385059356689453,
0.11963297426700592,
0.22572937607765198,
-0.16815185546875,
0.17359797656536102,
-0.2749430239200592,
0.33290812373161316,
-0.19392293691635132,
-0.29195964336395264,
-0.3494303524494171,
0.5538899898529053,
0.35729166865348816,
0.3470458984375,
0.49866536259651184,
-0.15949299931526184,
0.66162109375,
0.12477213889360428,
-0.18441568315029144,
0.1087554469704628,
0.15115763247013092,
-0.28109943866729736,
0.548413097858429,
0.02658538892865181,
-0.16799011826515198,
-0.10243123024702072,
0.07188084721565247,
-0.27275389432907104,
0.5380533933639526,
-0.0919748917222023,
0.491455078125,
-0.12259724736213684,
0.2557617127895355,
0.5003580451011658,
0.5999918580055237,
-0.11801426857709885,
0.75,
0.3462483584880829,
0.0013305663596838713,
0.40340474247932434,
0.560253918170929,
0.01728719100356102,
0.00031534829759038985,
0.2712036073207855,
-0.3625651001930237,
0.06197357177734375,
-0.42001140117645264,
0.0699717178940773,
0.08793080598115921,
-0.00345586147159338,
-0.26234132051467896,
0.05823305621743202,
0.2636515200138092,
0.027408981695771217,
0.15777587890625,
-0.01681416854262352,
0.10125312954187393,
-0.16003213822841644,
0.2219034880399704,
-0.17437337338924408,
0.136077880859375,
0.619824230670929,
0.28931325674057007,
-0.22576904296875,
-0.10451151430606842,
-0.18650004267692566,
-0.06026458740234375,
-0.09100341796875,
-0.018114471808075905,
0.22156168520450592,
0.3751464784145355,
0.02529754675924778,
-0.07718709111213684,
0.22048339247703552,
0.10552673041820526,
-0.24091796576976776,
0.5881022214889526,
0.2053217589855194,
-0.15716552734375,
0.14910277724266052,
-0.23167318105697632,
0.3450683653354645,
2.3802082538604736,
0.17756754159927368,
2.2530598640441895,
-0.11221720278263092,
-0.16110128164291382,
0.29578450322151184,
-0.31906330585479736,
0.13545837998390198,
0.2801350951194763,
-0.32536619901657104,
0.3931722044944763,
-0.02353006973862648,
-0.07798156887292862,
0.1346845030784607,
0.06648050993680954,
-0.03350473940372467,
0.33997395634651184,
-0.951953113079071,
0.3429972231388092,
-0.0331878662109375,
0.3456868529319763,
0.3315633237361908,
-0.2876220643520355,
0.06573791801929474,
0.3714436888694763,
0.04393552243709564,
-0.3431559205055237,
0.1192471832036972,
-0.17982177436351776,
-0.16161397099494934,
-0.2535156309604645,
0.19282887876033783,
0.12724576890468597,
-0.08072102814912796,
0.20069986581802368,
0.18661703169345856,
0.18201860785484314,
4.6622395515441895,
0.19531656801700592,
0.05426991730928421,
0.21253661811351776,
0.026024628430604935,
0.16558024287223816,
0.18259073793888092,
0.1497955322265625,
-0.014690590091049671,
0.12201239168643951,
0.46912434697151184,
0.6897623538970947,
0.0547829307615757,
-0.02879282645881176,
0.2824259400367737,
0.20637613534927368,
0.01628316193819046,
0.170379638671875,
0.2603698670864105,
0.05905354768037796,
0.6173502802848816,
-0.018425369635224342,
-0.14647826552391052,
0.19028548896312714,
0.02454986609518528,
0.19611816108226776,
0.21723632514476776,
-0.04949646070599556,
-0.11083374172449112,
0.3132486939430237,
0.1392008513212204,
5.442968845367432,
0.17259114980697632,
-0.02982025220990181,
0.15726521611213684,
-0.07585449516773224,
0.2555501163005829,
-0.26476237177848816,
0.007163460832089186,
-0.18783263862133026,
-0.0009682973031885922,
-0.3462727963924408,
0.09868265688419342,
-0.028544362634420395,
0.6745280027389526,
-0.088623046875,
0.09572143852710724,
-0.3728596866130829,
-0.0227444376796484,
0.24229125678539276,
-0.15163637697696686,
0.582812488079071,
-0.23265381157398224,
0.20594075322151184,
-0.46175944805145264,
-0.28143107891082764,
0.0732012465596199,
0.38430988788604736,
0.4145670533180237,
-0.04186096042394638,
0.2630818784236908,
0.34280598163604736,
0.05167621746659279,
0.16327159106731415,
0.2272542268037796,
-0.5080484747886658,
0.20251058042049408,
0.24596354365348816,
0.42333984375,
0.11828206479549408,
-0.18488362431526184,
-0.03389574587345123,
0.3064208924770355,
-0.03242441639304161,
-0.19305419921875,
-0.3448486328125,
-0.32963865995407104,
-0.008938089944422245,
-0.005326652433723211,
-0.11583862453699112,
0.14355061948299408,
0.2924967408180237,
-0.0673116073012352,
1.0180013179779053,
0.04765065386891365,
0.39787596464157104,
0.43063151836395264,
0.24720051884651184,
-0.02393493615090847,
-0.14413656294345856,
-0.2777140438556671,
0.042475126683712006,
0.22195638716220856,
-0.2801574766635895,
0.47122395038604736,
0.28624674677848816,
0.4664957821369171,
-0.04945576936006546,
-0.01298421248793602,
0.39954426884651184,
0.17050781846046448,
-0.07882792502641678,
-0.1582845002412796,
-0.11212310940027237,
0.07995859533548355,
-0.24028320610523224,
0.3199625611305237,
0.546435534954071,
0.09731648862361908,
0.23938801884651184,
0.01510009728372097,
-0.10882873833179474,
-0.3274576961994171,
-0.24043172597885132,
-0.17932574450969696,
0.06437581032514572,
-0.03665873035788536,
-0.607373058795929,
-0.10914205014705658,
0.1130727156996727,
-0.08382466435432434,
0.20903930068016052,
0.17941080033779144,
-0.11130218207836151,
0.4830484986305237,
-0.2012939453125,
-0.2565266788005829,
0.22840067744255066,
0.2799125611782074,
0.06069755554199219,
-0.09552104026079178,
0.2791503965854645,
0.08289667963981628,
-0.08551025390625,
-0.1825414001941681,
0.3645996153354645,
-0.02664591558277607,
0.4332438111305237,
0.3445800840854645,
-0.09702351689338684,
-0.11362329870462418,
0.3685546815395355,
0.015080006793141365,
-0.09396781772375107,
-0.08944854885339737,
0.0030762990936636925
] |
2114
|
What is the population of Honolulu?
|
[
{
"docid": "13887#1",
"text": "Honolulu is the most remote city of its size in the world and is the westernmost major U.S. city. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as \"City of Honolulu\" (not to be confused with the \"City and County\") as a census county division (CCD). Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands and of the Pacific Ocean. The population of the Honolulu census designated place (CDP) was 359,870 as of the 2017 population estimate, while the Honolulu CCD was 390,738 and the population of the consolidated city and county was 953,207.",
"title": "Honolulu"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "13887#16",
"text": "Asian Americans represent the majority of Honolulu's population. The Asian ethnic groups are Japanese (19.9%), Filipinos (13.2%), Chinese (10.4%), Koreans (4.3%), Vietnamese (2.0%), Asian Indians (0.3%), Laotians (0.3%), Thais (0.2%), Cambodians (0.1%), and Indonesians (0.1%). People solely of Native Hawaiian ancestry made up 3.2% of the population. Samoan Americans made up 1.5% of the population, Marshallese people make up 0.5% of the city's population, and Tongan people comprise 0.3% of its population. People of Guamanian or Chamorro descent made up 0.2% of the population and numbered 841 residents.\nHonolulu's urban area was the fourth densest in the United States according to the 2010 U.S. Census.",
"title": "Honolulu"
},
{
"docid": "22916979#14",
"text": "Hawaii officially does not contain any incorporated places, as the city of Honolulu is coextensive with Honolulu County, which makes up the whole island of Oahu. When the U.S. Census Bureau ranks incorporated places by population, it usually includes the Honolulu census-designated place, which is the urban center of Honolulu, in its ranking of incorporated places. Therefore, for this list of the densest incorporated places by state, the Honolulu CDP is considered the densest incorporated place in Hawaii. The District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are also included in this list, but are unranked so that the ranking includes only the 50 states. Puerto Rico also officially does not contain any incorporated places, as the lowest form of local government in Puerto Rico are the \"municipios\", which are equivalent to counties. For this ranking, the \"municipios\" are counted as the incorporated places in Puerto Rico, and the San Juan Municipio is the densest.",
"title": "List of United States cities by population density"
},
{
"docid": "13887#14",
"text": "The population of Honolulu was 390,738 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Of those, 192,781 (49.3%) were male and 197,957 (50.7%) were female. The median age for males was 40.0 and 43.0 for females; the overall median age was 41.3. Approximately 84.7% of the total population was 16 years and over; 82.6% were 18 years and over, 78.8% were 21 years and over, 21.4% were 62 years and over, and 17.8% were 65 years and over.",
"title": "Honolulu"
},
{
"docid": "32880096#6",
"text": "Known officially as the City and County of Honolulu, the county includes both the urban district of Honolulu (the state's largest city and capital) and the rest of the island of Oʻahu, as well as several minor surrounding islands. The county also administers the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands with the exception of the federal governed Midway Atoll. The county's population in 2010 was 953,207, making it the 43rd most populated county in the United States. At 596.7 mi² (1,545.4 km²), the island of Oʻahu is the third largest island and also the most populated, accounting for approximately 70% of the entire state's population. The county as a whole has 63 islands, and 32 of those belong to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.",
"title": "List of islands of Hawaii"
},
{
"docid": "13887#15",
"text": "In terms of race and ethnicity, 54.8% were Asian, 17.9% were White, 1.5% were Black or African American, 0.2% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 8.4% were Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.8% were from \"some other race\", and 16.3% were from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 5.4% of the population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Honolulu's population as 33.9% white and 53.7% Asian and Pacific Islander.",
"title": "Honolulu"
},
{
"docid": "17993666#2",
"text": "As of the 2010 census, the population was 953,207. Because of Hawaii's municipal structure, the United States Census Bureau divides Honolulu County into several census-designated places for statistical purposes.",
"title": "Honolulu County, Hawaii"
},
{
"docid": "17993666#14",
"text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 953,207 people, 311,047 households, and 217,842 families residing in Honolulu County. The population density was 1,461 people per square mile (564/km²). There were 315,988 housing units at an average density of 527/sq mi (203/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 43.9% Asian, 20.8% white, 9.5% Pacific Islander, 2.0% black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% from other races, and 22.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.1% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were:\nIn the census of 2000, there were 286,450 households out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.5% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.2% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.95 and the average family size was 3.46.",
"title": "Honolulu County, Hawaii"
},
{
"docid": "110515#10",
"text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 36,513 people, 12,229 households, and 9,318 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5,495.8 people per square mile (2,123.2/km²). There were 12,780 housing units, at an average density of 1,923.6 per square mile (743.1/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 43.84% White, 0.76% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 21.11% Asian, 8.07% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and 24.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.10% of the population.",
"title": "Kailua, Honolulu County, Hawaii"
},
{
"docid": "17993666#15",
"text": "In the county, the population was spread out with 23.80% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.7 males.",
"title": "Honolulu County, Hawaii"
}
] |
[
0.2213134765625,
0.1917572021484375,
-0.1389092355966568,
0.2188313752412796,
0.3744438886642456,
0.3314073383808136,
0.2567138671875,
-0.3457302451133728,
0.5095757246017456,
0.3724907636642456,
-0.1008639857172966,
-0.516357421875,
0.0948893204331398,
0.10472360998392105,
-0.4685329794883728,
0.1527065634727478,
0.6975911259651184,
0.3851725161075592,
-0.4453938901424408,
0.1912367045879364,
-0.1899142861366272,
0.5925564169883728,
0.2393527626991272,
-0.1414964497089386,
-0.028479257598519325,
-0.13198429346084595,
-0.1550513356924057,
0.05458323284983635,
0.1062282994389534,
0.1706814169883728,
0.2547132670879364,
0.042570218443870544,
-0.1345621794462204,
0.3102620542049408,
-0.4915907084941864,
0.1679840087890625,
-0.06160058081150055,
0.3291558027267456,
0.1174723282456398,
0.6717665195465088,
-0.2902425229549408,
0.3735080361366272,
0.1314188688993454,
-0.2410346120595932,
0.3664821982383728,
-0.1734534353017807,
-0.361328125,
-0.2049017995595932,
-0.0599399134516716,
0.1741468608379364,
-0.5202907919883728,
-0.1825290322303772,
-0.06244850158691406,
-0.019811417907476425,
-0.3756917417049408,
0.2171359658241272,
-0.01912519708275795,
0.9237196445465088,
-0.03798336535692215,
-0.07314173132181168,
0.324462890625,
0.06352318823337555,
-0.1518147736787796,
0.2761908769607544,
0.2228969931602478,
0.2275255024433136,
0.1319563090801239,
0.300048828125,
0.3755696713924408,
0.3237847089767456,
-0.0574256032705307,
0.6076388955116272,
0.6807183027267456,
0.02155994065105915,
-0.10951317846775055,
-0.18487548828125,
0.0737101212143898,
0.1915622353553772,
0.2086249440908432,
-0.23101806640625,
0.2782796323299408,
-0.0955166295170784,
-0.0407799631357193,
0.007670932449400425,
0.09870995581150055,
0.5763888955116272,
0.1250966340303421,
0.0764194056391716,
-0.0654568150639534,
0.6182997226715088,
0.0058568320237100124,
0.3332112729549408,
0.02923583984375,
0.05358097329735756,
0.0616455078125,
0.4647895097732544,
0.0496893972158432,
-0.0894334614276886,
0.0915544331073761,
-0.0453423410654068,
-0.150634765625,
-0.0745256245136261,
-0.1243150532245636,
0.5626084804534912,
0.21346282958984375,
-0.3721245527267456,
-0.1848517507314682,
0.1165635883808136,
0.2717963457107544,
0.2935248613357544,
0.2336832731962204,
-0.2825792133808136,
0.08095338940620422,
-0.2199639230966568,
0.2835693359375,
-0.2149997353553772,
0.5187242031097412,
-0.3122965395450592,
-0.4440104067325592,
-0.9054362177848816,
0.2675916850566864,
0.2431911826133728,
-0.1654798686504364,
0.040928736329078674,
-0.0646294504404068,
-0.2600775957107544,
0.5380859375,
-0.2806125283241272,
0.5340169072151184,
0.331787109375,
0.06949615478515625,
0.4393988847732544,
-0.0381401926279068,
0.7776150107383728,
0.5229763388633728,
0.2660726010799408,
0.2879096269607544,
-0.2687852680683136,
0.10891808569431305,
-0.3613416850566864,
-0.13589392602443695,
-0.03220929205417633,
0.37060546875,
0.2629665732383728,
-0.1766018271446228,
0.2172987163066864,
-0.010676913894712925,
0.3601209819316864,
0.3211398720741272,
0.1647271066904068,
-0.0642988383769989,
0.1453891396522522,
0.1631673127412796,
0.2025485634803772,
-0.1119944229722023,
0.2085232138633728,
0.0504557304084301,
-0.2292819619178772,
-0.013660007156431675,
0.5151638388633728,
0.748046875,
0.3789604902267456,
0.1949666291475296,
-0.156494140625,
0.2182210236787796,
-0.1313747763633728,
0.055457644164562225,
0.4734971821308136,
0.4310438334941864,
-0.0685170516371727,
-0.2025621235370636,
0.2236531525850296,
-0.3167182207107544,
-0.0788404643535614,
0.10158178210258484,
0.07247500866651535,
-0.1108313649892807,
-0.07696787267923355,
-0.0381503626704216,
0.2098320871591568,
0.1558871865272522,
0.2520887553691864,
0.1959974467754364,
-0.20204247534275055,
0.5691189169883728,
0.2677815854549408,
-0.4527452290058136,
-0.018765343353152275,
-0.200531005859375,
0.03714773431420326,
0.1662835031747818,
-0.06350284069776535,
0.5482041835784912,
-0.2676866352558136,
0.13446807861328125,
0.1040615513920784,
-0.1683095246553421,
0.4022352397441864,
-0.0607977956533432,
-0.007688628509640694,
0.17485342919826508,
-0.2963595986366272,
-0.1088426411151886,
0.1004909947514534,
0.4747178852558136,
-0.1968214213848114,
0.03770701214671135,
0.2471245676279068,
-0.248046875,
-0.2760959267616272,
-0.0210291538387537,
0.018895255401730537,
-0.1993137001991272,
0.1672024130821228,
-0.4936252236366272,
0.03082699328660965,
-0.2448052316904068,
-0.4482964277267456,
0.4993150532245636,
-0.083984375,
-0.2538520097732544,
0.5013291835784912,
-0.3546142578125,
-0.12223561853170395,
0.0751681849360466,
0.0613844133913517,
-0.2073432058095932,
-0.2968614399433136,
0.0882398784160614,
0.4248046875,
0.4808214008808136,
0.0361446812748909,
-0.0594940185546875,
-0.2277425080537796,
0.1022355854511261,
0.3051486611366272,
-0.2801106870174408,
-0.0016165839042514563,
-0.031178196892142296,
0.3331298828125,
0.5123969316482544,
-0.2015245258808136,
-0.0033849079627543688,
0.2899983823299408,
0.5466037392616272,
-0.2628105878829956,
0.5405815839767456,
0.0117195975035429,
-0.1575520783662796,
0.1232452392578125,
0.0589328333735466,
-0.1300455778837204,
-0.1936374306678772,
0.5156521201133728,
-0.3920627236366272,
0.2982584536075592,
0.1227756068110466,
-0.2234022319316864,
-0.0583919957280159,
0.2808837890625,
0.06112416461110115,
0.4295383095741272,
0.3887532651424408,
0.3994683027267456,
-0.1206563338637352,
0.1598578542470932,
0.1204359233379364,
0.465576171875,
0.2483045756816864,
0.2846815288066864,
0.2151760458946228,
-0.119537353515625,
-0.03364706039428711,
0.005194743629544973,
0.1354912668466568,
0.02884928323328495,
0.2248467355966568,
0.0980292409658432,
-0.5700412392616272,
0.6993815302848816,
0.5133192539215088,
-0.2149590402841568,
-0.2126736044883728,
-0.1023406982421875,
0.2630878984928131,
0.1069098562002182,
0.3033176064491272,
0.0542416051030159,
-0.0790880024433136,
-0.0708397775888443,
0.4559732973575592,
0.3397352397441864,
-0.10078006237745285,
-0.2613389790058136,
0.0815870463848114,
0.5045573115348816,
-0.071929931640625,
0.06144290417432785,
-0.007914649322628975,
0.1215345561504364,
0.4242621660232544,
-0.41455078125,
0.1330464631319046,
0.3723686933517456,
0.0693952739238739,
-0.0759921595454216,
0.1248050257563591,
-0.15910837054252625,
-0.2798393964767456,
0.468994140625,
-0.06817372888326645,
-0.1564873605966568,
-0.1153055801987648,
0.3425835371017456,
0.1751912385225296,
0.6923828125,
0.3366428017616272,
0.0764838308095932,
0.3631320595741272,
0.0779452845454216,
0.0832010880112648,
-0.0828721821308136,
-0.1671006977558136,
0.1604139506816864,
0.1300896555185318,
-0.4506496787071228,
0.02446577325463295,
-0.3794487714767456,
0.6433919072151184,
0.3268771767616272,
0.1229417622089386,
0.10217200219631195,
-0.324462890625,
-0.0581105537712574,
-0.0349714495241642,
0.3548448383808136,
0.37646484375,
0.4402669370174408,
0.18379592895507812,
-0.5252007246017456,
0.420166015625,
0.03113807551562786,
-0.2737087607383728,
0.1591254323720932,
0.2564290463924408,
-0.0492180734872818,
0.6455078125,
0.3619249165058136,
0.4414604902267456,
0.2439778596162796,
-0.0900912806391716,
0.2083401083946228,
-0.2806125283241272,
-0.008950842544436455,
0.02094099298119545,
0.2560492753982544,
0.2192518413066864,
0.3935004472732544,
0.3446180522441864,
-0.2405327707529068,
0.00023317337036132812,
-0.2275661826133728,
0.1753336638212204,
0.2953152060508728,
0.2107204794883728,
0.66650390625,
-0.03413984552025795,
-0.1270548552274704,
0.0658535435795784,
-0.4328342080116272,
0.0787828266620636,
0.025664858520030975,
0.2529161274433136,
0.0773654505610466,
-0.2897406816482544,
0.0449998639523983,
-0.02974446676671505,
0.1719021201133728,
0.5402289628982544,
0.1482713520526886,
0.09244579821825027,
0.5052354335784912,
0.06191423162817955,
-0.0928446426987648,
-0.0555097796022892,
0.03118133544921875,
0.2813042402267456,
0.0375196672976017,
-0.09461551159620285,
-0.3384195864200592,
0.2351345419883728,
-0.040418412536382675,
-0.1108381450176239,
-0.1446024626493454,
-0.3969997763633728,
0.2751600444316864,
0.02857462503015995,
0.6276041865348816,
0.4165581464767456,
-0.0672387033700943,
0.1434749960899353,
0.2115342915058136,
0.4120551347732544,
0.09609095007181168,
4.1171875,
0.2814263105392456,
0.0770636647939682,
-0.01644219271838665,
-0.2906494140625,
0.4128146767616272,
0.2298041433095932,
0.0320943184196949,
0.1079847514629364,
-0.2554253339767456,
-0.1870591938495636,
0.2123684287071228,
0.040616776794195175,
0.2483384907245636,
-0.03141191229224205,
0.2815280556678772,
0.7058376669883728,
0.08087158203125,
0.14298588037490845,
0.4344346821308136,
-0.2418212890625,
0.2683444619178772,
0.2249484658241272,
0.4564887285232544,
0.1059468612074852,
0.3021375834941864,
0.2983805239200592,
-0.1205647811293602,
0.6097683310508728,
0.3706325888633728,
0.3525933027267456,
0.3006049394607544,
-0.013393825851380825,
-0.08140267431735992,
-0.7644314169883728,
0.3368733823299408,
0.2484673410654068,
-0.1212734654545784,
-0.1972791850566864,
-0.341064453125,
-0.0952775776386261,
0.2351887971162796,
0.221893310546875,
0.2463243305683136,
0.5575087070465088,
-0.0924207866191864,
-0.0728302001953125,
0.1546834260225296,
-0.5817599892616272,
0.5462510585784912,
0.01831478625535965,
-0.0989786759018898,
-0.1104176864027977,
-0.6018337607383728,
0.3092719316482544,
0.56005859375,
0.2553439736366272,
0.008519490249454975,
0.1816067099571228,
0.0503624826669693,
0.0291103795170784,
0.2058173269033432,
0.1567247211933136,
-0.007583088241517544,
-0.5087619423866272,
-0.1211954727768898,
0.00457085482776165,
0.2057427316904068,
0.1930677592754364,
0.18860095739364624,
0.0619455985724926,
0.3725043535232544,
0.5780436396598816,
-0.1443006694316864,
-0.010554843582212925,
-0.095550537109375,
-0.7195637822151184,
0.16607666015625,
0.3895263671875,
0.091461181640625,
0.2328406423330307,
0.0659010112285614,
-0.2156439870595932,
0.3622775673866272,
-0.023416731506586075,
0.5255805253982544,
0.0733405202627182,
-0.3518608808517456,
0.4836696982383728,
0.4009331464767456,
0.2172987163066864,
0.1738213449716568,
0.29248046875,
0.1176893413066864,
0.2215169221162796,
0.03658803179860115,
-0.2266303151845932,
-4.040798664093018,
0.2005208283662796,
0.003696017898619175,
-0.379150390625,
0.0480058453977108,
-0.3039008378982544,
0.0484398752450943,
0.8143446445465088,
-0.4808485209941864,
0.3717990517616272,
0.2893608808517456,
0.0435282401740551,
-0.3780381977558136,
0.2642957866191864,
0.2202555388212204,
-0.0001468658447265625,
0.07739850878715515,
0.4222276508808136,
0.3740234375,
-0.1890326589345932,
-0.1633707731962204,
0.2270372211933136,
-0.1568467915058136,
-0.3800184428691864,
-0.05107540637254715,
-0.02957831509411335,
0.2656724750995636,
-0.409912109375,
0.6278483271598816,
0.1948513388633728,
0.140899658203125,
-0.1568942666053772,
0.6355251669883728,
-0.4243706464767456,
0.05976782739162445,
0.4861111044883728,
0.3209432065486908,
0.1481357216835022,
0.3157145082950592,
0.4370388388633728,
-0.0942179337143898,
-0.3922933042049408,
0.4280327558517456,
-0.0020209418144077063,
0.0716349259018898,
0.6890190839767456,
-0.2264675498008728,
-0.009261025115847588,
0.08203485608100891,
-0.2025960236787796,
0.3394097089767456,
0.1671617329120636,
0.045835282653570175,
-0.0693766251206398,
0.6374240517616272,
-0.3621690571308136,
0.1563975065946579,
0.0701734721660614,
0.09664450585842133,
-0.2504085898399353,
0.06317138671875,
-0.1791822612285614,
0.06727531552314758,
0.0211825892329216,
-0.1670057475566864,
-0.1482476145029068,
0.03891436383128166,
0.2718099057674408,
-0.0562286376953125,
-0.1975792795419693,
-0.2913953959941864,
0.075439453125,
0.1084509938955307,
0.3417426347732544,
0.15533447265625,
0.2327880859375,
-0.1983913779258728,
0.1037529855966568,
0.5814616084098816,
0.0018107095966115594,
-0.1096259206533432,
-0.1252729594707489,
-0.3222385048866272,
0.2744140625,
2.248914957046509,
0.1402638703584671,
2.184461832046509,
0.2411363422870636,
-0.23572370409965515,
0.0647515207529068,
-0.5243598222732544,
0.2760755717754364,
0.1113145649433136,
-0.2060767263174057,
-0.043141260743141174,
0.3460422158241272,
-0.2511393129825592,
0.1551581472158432,
0.5115017294883728,
-0.1229078471660614,
0.3647732138633728,
-0.7738715410232544,
-0.2057257741689682,
-0.04094696044921875,
0.2604844868183136,
0.4825303852558136,
0.013002872467041016,
0.6692165732383728,
0.4663899838924408,
-0.3468695878982544,
0.3304307758808136,
0.15203857421875,
0.0657179057598114,
-0.445556640625,
-0.2938368022441864,
0.011205037124454975,
0.2102254182100296,
0.4413520097732544,
-0.1525132954120636,
0.1886935830116272,
0.4176974892616272,
4.74131965637207,
-0.2253485769033432,
-0.2636176347732544,
-0.0432688407599926,
0.1636555939912796,
-0.2267388254404068,
0.4461534321308136,
0.1587727814912796,
-0.025182034820318222,
0.3096381425857544,
0.3807779848575592,
0.3942735493183136,
0.012394587509334087,
-0.0072945486754179,
-0.05809783935546875,
0.3768988847732544,
0.4318712055683136,
0.09517669677734375,
0.4444173276424408,
0.0735185444355011,
0.0780063197016716,
0.0594143345952034,
0.3162163496017456,
-0.3248155415058136,
-0.00005001491808798164,
0.3177219033241272,
0.4240993857383728,
-0.00205230712890625,
-0.1599392294883728,
-0.0979241281747818,
-0.1768832802772522,
5.46875,
0.2158593088388443,
0.3253580629825592,
0.0846608504652977,
-0.3738606870174408,
-0.08879593014717102,
-0.3790690004825592,
0.3457302451133728,
-0.4929741621017456,
-0.0794135183095932,
-0.037517547607421875,
0.1600002646446228,
-0.3538140058517456,
0.1648813933134079,
0.04991118237376213,
0.1282823383808136,
-0.43798828125,
-0.2306721955537796,
0.5269911289215088,
-0.0509168840944767,
0.599609375,
-0.2145046591758728,
0.15362548828125,
-0.3876613974571228,
0.0232204869389534,
-0.3005439043045044,
-0.0337778739631176,
0.3262532651424408,
0.05769210308790207,
-0.2056477814912796,
0.32666015625,
0.1983557790517807,
0.026936424896121025,
0.5355088710784912,
-0.02320183627307415,
0.2084621787071228,
0.5451388955116272,
0.1444668173789978,
0.2101643830537796,
-0.2237413227558136,
0.4697808027267456,
0.2686275839805603,
-0.1683824360370636,
-0.0560370534658432,
0.07085047662258148,
0.02787473425269127,
0.0842217355966568,
-0.0018868976039811969,
-0.021518388763070107,
0.5003798007965088,
0.1485731303691864,
0.006153954192996025,
1.0576714277267456,
-0.10716734826564789,
0.2129448801279068,
0.06575986742973328,
-0.009584639221429825,
-0.2547370195388794,
0.2115614116191864,
-0.2969835102558136,
0.7317979335784912,
0.1866455078125,
0.00835249200463295,
0.1365966796875,
-0.02497016079723835,
0.2473415732383728,
-0.1288096159696579,
-0.2111680805683136,
0.3701171875,
-0.5650227665901184,
-0.1282958984375,
0.06770748645067215,
-0.1918470561504364,
0.3057996928691864,
-0.1010335311293602,
-0.4011637270450592,
0.23394775390625,
-0.1418999582529068,
0.203155517578125,
-0.3102349042892456,
0.0072428383864462376,
-0.4193522036075592,
-0.4456380307674408,
0.2195909321308136,
0.0520341657102108,
-0.2279629111289978,
-0.1731228232383728,
-0.0410410575568676,
0.3101942241191864,
0.1525539755821228,
-0.0931939035654068,
-0.0654958114027977,
-0.3067220151424408,
0.3443891704082489,
-0.2115885466337204,
-0.0027923583984375,
0.1183369979262352,
0.5527207851409912,
0.1073252335190773,
0.0414818674325943,
-0.1062452495098114,
0.2955559492111206,
-0.2418552041053772,
-0.2306179404258728,
0.3711751401424408,
-0.0983089879155159,
0.2685818076133728,
-0.1170925572514534,
-0.050962235778570175,
0.4208848774433136,
0.4815809428691864,
0.171417236328125,
0.05965105816721916,
-0.1055145263671875,
-0.035371143370866776
] |
2116
|
When did Spain occupy the Philippines?
|
[
{
"docid": "23888361#0",
"text": "The history of the Philippines from 1521 to 1898, also known as the Spanish colonial period, was a period during which Spain controlled the Philippine islands as the Captaincy General of the Philippines, initially under New Spain until Mexican independence in 1821, which gave Madrid direct control over the area. It was also known as Spanish East Indies to the colonialists. It started with the arrival in 1521 of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan sailing for Spain, which heralded the period when the Philippines was a colony of the Spanish Empire, and ended with the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution in 1898, which marked the beginning of the American colonial era of Philippine history.",
"title": "History of the Philippines (1521–1898)"
},
{
"docid": "230578#30",
"text": "Portuguese operations in Asia did not go unnoticed, and in 1521 Magellan arrived in the region and claimed the Philippines for Spain. In 1525, Spain under Charles V sent an expedition to colonize the Moluccas islands, claiming they were in his zone of the Treaty of Tordesillas, since there was no set limit to the east. The expedition of García Jofre de Loaísa reached the Moluccas, docking at Tidore. With the Portuguese already established in nearby Ternate, conflict was inevitable, leading to nearly a decade of skirmishes. A resolution was reached with the Treaty of Zaragoza in 1529, attributing the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain.",
"title": "Portuguese Empire"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1994797#13",
"text": "When the treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898, wherein Spain sold the Philippines to the United States for 20 million dollars, the funding of Culion as a reservation is closely related to the early efforts of the Americans to establish some form of public health policy in the Philippines as part of their long-term intentions to occupy the archipelago.",
"title": "Culion"
},
{
"docid": "2287998#2",
"text": "On December 10, 1898, on the other hand, the war between United States and Spain was concluded with Spain giving up all rights to Cuba and surrendering the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States. Two days later, Aguinaldo ordered his lawyer Felipe Agoncillo to contest the Philippine status as an independent nation and no longer a Spanish colony since the declaration of independence on June 12, 1898. However, the United States did not recognize Philippine sovereignty and announced their interest to annex the country by January 1899. This brought into serious foreign conflict when the Republic was formally established in January 23 at Malolos. By January 30, Aguinaldo resent Agoncillo, this time to the United States Senate, so as to reconsider their plans to annex the country and instead formally recognize Filipino independence.",
"title": "Prime Minister of the Philippines"
},
{
"docid": "52105060#12",
"text": "By 1913, the British crown had occupied Burma, Malaya and the northern Borneo territories, the French controlled Indochina, the Dutch ruled the Netherlands East Indies while Portugal managed to hold on to Portuguese Timor. In the Philippines, the 1872 Cavite Mutiny was a precursor to the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898). When the Spanish–American War began in Cuba in 1898, Filipino revolutionaries declared Philippine independence and established the First Philippine Republic the following year. In the Treaty of Paris of 1898 that ended the war with Spain, the United States gained the Philippines and other territories; in refusing to recognise the nascent republic, America effectively reversed her position of 1856. This led directly to the Philippine–American War, in which the First Republic was defeated; wars followed with the Republic of Zamboanga, the Republic of Negros and the Republic of Katagalugan, all of which were also defeated.",
"title": "European colonisation of Southeast Asia"
},
{
"docid": "37702#59",
"text": "By 1913, the British had occupied Burma, Malaya and the northern Borneo territories, the French controlled Indochina, the Dutch ruled the Netherlands East Indies while Portugal managed to hold on to Portuguese Timor. In the Philippines, the 1872 Cavite Mutiny was a precursor to the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898). When the Spanish–American War began in Cuba in 1898, Filipino revolutionaries declared Philippine independence and established the First Philippine Republic the following year. In the Treaty of Paris of 1898 that ended the war with Spain, the United States gained the Philippines and other territories; in refusing to recognise the nascent republic, America effectively reversed her position of 1856. This led directly to the Philippine–American War, in which the First Republic was defeated; wars followed with the Republic of Zamboanga, the Republic of Negros and the Republic of Katagalugan, all of which were also defeated.",
"title": "History of Southeast Asia"
},
{
"docid": "57731#28",
"text": "In 1866, Leopold instructed the Belgian ambassador in Madrid to speak to Queen Isabella II of Spain about ceding the Philippines to Belgium. Knowing the situation fully, the ambassador did nothing. Leopold quickly replaced the ambassador with a more sympathetic individual to carry out his plan. In 1868, when Isabella II was deposed as queen of Spain, Leopold tried to press his original plan to acquire the Philippines. But without funds, he was unsuccessful. Leopold then devised another unsuccessful plan to establish the Philippines as an independent state, which could then be ruled by a Belgian. When both of these plans failed, Leopold shifted his aspirations of colonisation to Africa.",
"title": "Leopold II of Belgium"
},
{
"docid": "348444#76",
"text": "The Philippines is predominantly a Christian society with a complicated history of relations between Islam and Christianity. Despite historic evidence of Islamization spreading throughout the islands in the 13th–16th centuries, the archipelago came under Spanish rule in the 16th century. The Spanish proselytized many natives, and labelled those who remained Muslims as \"Moro\", a derogatory term recalling the Moors, an Islamic people of North Africa who occupied parts of Spain for several centuries. Today, this term \"Moro\" is used to refer to the indigenous Muslim tribes and ethnic groups of the country. When the Spanish came to the Philippine islands, most of the natives in Luzon and Visayas were pagans with Muslim minorities, and while Spanish proselytized many natives, many Muslims in Luzon and Visayas were not exempted by the Spaniards from the Spanish Inquisition, wherein Muslims to become Catholics or die for their faith. Those who remained Muslims are only the natives of Mindanao and Sulu which the Spaniards did not invade or had control of only briefly and partially.",
"title": "Persecution of Muslims"
},
{
"docid": "23441#4",
"text": "Spanish rule ended in 1898 with Spain's defeat in the Spanish–American War. The Philippines then became a territory of the United States. U.S forces suppressed a Philippine Revolution led by Emilio Aguinaldo. The United States established the Insular Government to rule the Philippines. In 1907, the elected Philippine Assembly was set up with popular elections. The U.S. promised independence in the Jones Act. The Philippine Commonwealth was established in 1935, as a 10-year interim step prior to full independence. However, in 1942 during World War II, Japan occupied the Philippines. The U.S. military overpowered the Japanese in 1945. The Treaty of Manila in 1946 established an independent Philippine Republic.",
"title": "History of the Philippines"
},
{
"docid": "15443#15",
"text": "The energies of Castile (later, the \"unified\" Spain), the other major colonial power of the 16th century, were largely concentrated on the Americas, not South and East Asia, but the Spanish did establish a footing in the Far East in the Philippines. After fighting with the Portuguese by the Spice Islands since 1522 and the agreement between the two powers in 1529 (in the treaty of Zaragoza), the Spanish, led by Miguel López de Legazpi, settled and conquered gradually the Philippines since 1564. After the discovery of the return voyage to the Americas by Andres de Urdaneta in 1565, cargoes of Chinese goods were transported from the Philippines to Mexico and from there to Spain. By this long route, Spain reaped some of the profits of Far Eastern commerce. Spanish officials converted the islands to Christianity and established some settlements, permanently establishing the Philippines as the area of East Asia most oriented toward the West in terms of culture and commerce. The Moro Muslims fought against the Spanish for over three centuries in the Spanish–Moro conflict.",
"title": "Western imperialism in Asia"
}
] |
[
0.49928978085517883,
0.03581446036696434,
-0.2896783947944641,
-0.08834769576787949,
-0.179931640625,
-0.2949267327785492,
0.3447709381580353,
-0.2660772204399109,
0.3576216399669647,
0.4242054224014282,
-0.08551719039678574,
-0.21747936308383942,
-0.4860396087169647,
-0.011911825276911259,
-0.3597855865955353,
-0.11164578795433044,
0.5256125926971436,
0.035949014127254486,
-0.13011308014392853,
0.422607421875,
0.3404651880264282,
0.6839044690132141,
-0.2893621325492859,
-0.14526505768299103,
-0.16652055084705353,
0.13070401549339294,
-0.14769397675991058,
0.21322354674339294,
-0.08214361220598221,
0.3443603515625,
0.6355646252632141,
-0.10506785660982132,
0.32009056210517883,
0.3343394994735718,
-0.2786078155040741,
0.10487642884254456,
0.33669212460517883,
0.4267134368419647,
0.011167353019118309,
0.3232283294200897,
-0.022065596655011177,
0.2525842785835266,
0.23049093782901764,
0.1716253161430359,
0.15673550963401794,
-0.14881204068660736,
0.15948070585727692,
-0.3155628442764282,
0.014660228043794632,
0.13404984772205353,
0.09006014466285706,
-0.1680700182914734,
-0.17502108216285706,
0.15356722474098206,
-0.2827814221382141,
0.33182039856910706,
0.129180908203125,
0.510986328125,
-0.17325662076473236,
0.04389922320842743,
-0.028016524389386177,
-0.047888148576021194,
-0.25331810116767883,
0.006196802482008934,
-0.09511704742908478,
0.16935037076473236,
0.09139113128185272,
0.17619739472866058,
0.047162141650915146,
0.6894087195396423,
0.10590293258428574,
0.2758067846298218,
0.32033470273017883,
0.26471224427223206,
-0.11461570113897324,
-0.3794722259044647,
-0.1990301012992859,
0.3459028899669647,
0.434326171875,
-0.12456998229026794,
0.25509366393089294,
-0.3746227025985718,
0.16731400787830353,
0.19910778105258942,
0.1770532727241516,
0.22605203092098236,
0.03304949775338173,
0.17411527037620544,
0.19752191007137299,
0.6894975304603577,
-0.13543839752674103,
0.16085122525691986,
0.05699322372674942,
-0.22855447232723236,
0.054131247103214264,
0.14842085540294647,
0.5268110632896423,
-0.1899164319038391,
0.013716957531869411,
-0.3066295385360718,
0.10440202057361603,
-0.3013472259044647,
0.11759116500616074,
0.5538663268089294,
0.40256568789482117,
-0.2862105071544647,
-0.6378284692764282,
0.1454540640115738,
-0.1330927014350891,
0.28524503111839294,
-0.033978547900915146,
-0.1799566149711609,
-0.22670675814151764,
-0.23444713652133942,
0.13115692138671875,
0.16231466829776764,
-0.03302001953125,
-0.14808239042758942,
-0.3640857934951782,
-0.7948331236839294,
0.40542879700660706,
0.3599409759044647,
-0.24679288268089294,
-0.14663003385066986,
0.02929132618010044,
0.08977716416120529,
0.4620472192764282,
0.06772387772798538,
0.609375,
0.20194244384765625,
-0.24004293978214264,
0.04477067291736603,
-0.08393929153680801,
0.7907493114471436,
0.4296431243419647,
0.3802458941936493,
0.18275035917758942,
0.13188587129116058,
-0.0107590826228261,
-0.2797962427139282,
-0.08817221969366074,
-0.22283242642879486,
0.11181363463401794,
0.6229358911514282,
0.10593345016241074,
0.0747448280453682,
0.11656050384044647,
0.12991055846214294,
-0.27981844544410706,
-0.2884965240955353,
0.07497891783714294,
0.14049391448497772,
-0.03990728035569191,
0.33225318789482117,
0.09164082258939743,
0.5230823755264282,
0.14144688844680786,
-0.12130182236433029,
0.005214344244450331,
0.04844041168689728,
0.6238237023353577,
0.3396551012992859,
0.12334442138671875,
-0.010884544812142849,
0.5395286083221436,
0.07542835921049118,
0.12453252822160721,
0.8775745630264282,
0.5011762976646423,
-0.21855024993419647,
-0.023070596158504486,
0.23630037903785706,
0.2618907690048218,
-0.00422807177528739,
0.17140890657901764,
0.4858842194080353,
-0.2075861096382141,
-0.17167524993419647,
-0.03673761710524559,
0.10745100677013397,
0.4449573755264282,
0.04468744620680809,
0.47243431210517883,
0.016538793221116066,
0.5121404528617859,
0.08898787200450897,
-0.12323171645402908,
-0.4205433130264282,
-0.3204900622367859,
-0.017810475081205368,
-0.0042370883747935295,
0.16603435575962067,
0.875,
-0.32357510924339294,
-0.10288307815790176,
0.23134127259254456,
-0.3177323639392853,
0.24836453795433044,
0.5396007299423218,
0.21629749238491058,
-0.22959622740745544,
-0.4682173430919647,
-0.24899014830589294,
0.368408203125,
0.2622014880180359,
-0.051571931689977646,
-0.06896834075450897,
0.23780407011508942,
-0.2892012298107147,
-0.8591974377632141,
-0.05507035553455353,
-0.02092638798058033,
0.32065650820732117,
0.2573658227920532,
-0.17932406067848206,
0.3148859143257141,
0.2534672021865845,
-0.2577223479747772,
0.3256669342517853,
-0.11383333802223206,
-0.20611572265625,
0.18089155852794647,
-0.007240988779813051,
-0.10175669938325882,
0.14151833951473236,
0.0344824343919754,
-0.29653099179267883,
-0.2823597192764282,
0.12721945345401764,
0.5059703588485718,
0.2720392346382141,
-0.4319513440132141,
0.11346990615129471,
0.08351412415504456,
0.07564058899879456,
0.3244073987007141,
0.20682039856910706,
-0.3659002184867859,
-0.12211331725120544,
-0.06042827293276787,
0.6653053760528564,
0.4109330475330353,
-0.4331498444080353,
-0.1868993639945984,
0.32106712460517883,
0.17989279329776764,
0.11358087509870529,
0.017825039103627205,
-0.3427734375,
0.25258567929267883,
0.13051258027553558,
-0.3306080102920532,
-0.2935735583305359,
0.6650390625,
0.026022130623459816,
0.3234419524669647,
0.5761497020721436,
-0.348876953125,
-0.02683049999177456,
0.24390758574008942,
0.3511796295642853,
-0.18018271028995514,
0.23247458040714264,
0.16921304166316986,
-0.4529918432235718,
-0.16916726529598236,
-0.16148237884044647,
0.5169566869735718,
0.1882268786430359,
-0.1737878918647766,
0.18989147245883942,
-0.04463664069771767,
-0.00519700488075614,
-0.13601702451705933,
-0.17808394134044647,
-0.09401078522205353,
0.5281871557235718,
0.12753988802433014,
-0.3506969213485718,
0.18161843717098236,
0.23176158964633942,
0.13231311738491058,
-0.06756175309419632,
0.13221324980258942,
-0.1280420422554016,
0.24341930449008942,
-0.11679389327764511,
0.10042779892683029,
-0.41109952330589294,
-0.13467684388160706,
0.0875653326511383,
0.5692027807235718,
0.2640269994735718,
-0.5415926575660706,
0.10185935348272324,
-0.005694996099919081,
0.11454495787620544,
-0.26604393124580383,
0.37478914856910706,
-0.055409517139196396,
0.2298736572265625,
-0.5937278270721436,
0.2813859283924103,
0.5502153038978577,
0.22096391022205353,
-0.05504031479358673,
-0.03173165023326874,
0.21439985930919647,
0.1272284835577011,
0.33297207951545715,
0.5172674059867859,
-0.4639781713485718,
0.18351607024669647,
0.7132013440132141,
0.464599609375,
0.5980113744735718,
0.3572443127632141,
-0.17947110533714294,
0.30635765194892883,
0.13890422880649567,
0.12469759583473206,
0.3633256256580353,
-0.2679998278617859,
-0.42745694518089294,
-0.021454941481351852,
-0.19680647552013397,
0.263458251953125,
-0.27718839049339294,
0.2064916491508484,
-0.04724675789475441,
0.8031782507896423,
0.3599076569080353,
0.020532088354229927,
-0.03252827003598213,
0.22907604277133942,
0.14083723723888397,
-0.2143152356147766,
0.19911886751651764,
0.21778106689453125,
0.0922650396823883,
-0.32674893736839294,
-0.1574152112007141,
0.22325550019741058,
0.24142178893089294,
-0.09594449400901794,
0.1448424905538559,
0.23545733094215393,
0.019070018082857132,
0.10664922744035721,
-0.24467329680919647,
-0.2148420214653015,
0.4103448987007141,
-0.0172576904296875,
0.2312067151069641,
0.03618378937244415,
-0.07603038102388382,
-0.09994437545537949,
0.06558158248662949,
0.5356778502464294,
-0.15268178284168243,
-0.11154451966285706,
0.4130748510360718,
0.42691317200660706,
0.1722661852836609,
0.5752174854278564,
0.5998979210853577,
-0.23506303131580353,
-0.20268665254116058,
0.11499612778425217,
-0.01606108993291855,
0.45943936705589294,
-0.47518643736839294,
-0.16258101165294647,
0.06307237595319748,
-0.3162286877632141,
0.005210183095186949,
-0.16697554290294647,
0.6610884070396423,
0.3304554224014282,
0.06560403853654861,
0.2470703125,
0.4972478747367859,
0.36618319153785706,
-0.16240553557872772,
-0.4647327661514282,
-0.09432151168584824,
-0.0768280029296875,
0.08451513946056366,
-0.10232149809598923,
-0.27197265625,
0.31649503111839294,
-0.09117057174444199,
-0.04991288483142853,
-0.14572282135486603,
-0.15910200774669647,
0.048205289989709854,
0.12802539765834808,
0.43985262513160706,
0.06982283294200897,
0.06770186126232147,
-0.030108364298939705,
0.4357244372367859,
0.3967174291610718,
0.24649325013160706,
4.163885116577148,
0.15146706998348236,
0.06648323684930801,
-0.041178442537784576,
-0.23072399199008942,
-0.03958268463611603,
0.5965687036514282,
-0.3573552966117859,
-0.16058211028575897,
0.012287139892578125,
0.2055920660495758,
0.3304332494735718,
0.10847056657075882,
0.2721294164657593,
-0.24460116028785706,
0.2753129303455353,
0.13216052949428558,
0.15451882779598236,
-0.037325773388147354,
0.32090064883232117,
-0.2881414294242859,
0.08103387802839279,
0.27986839413642883,
-0.09471286088228226,
0.5440118908882141,
-0.3220991790294647,
0.3275590240955353,
0.15705455839633942,
0.4694380462169647,
0.2996382415294647,
0.14427323639392853,
-0.19783712923526764,
-0.1257171630859375,
0.014106642454862595,
-0.8257723450660706,
0.2944779694080353,
0.21072664856910706,
0.45363548398017883,
0.05030614510178566,
-0.3382401764392853,
-0.08552932739257812,
-0.0171526987105608,
0.19862781465053558,
0.49252042174339294,
0.3827570080757141,
-0.16278353333473206,
-0.27336814999580383,
0.2963201403617859,
0.21924938261508942,
0.4176580309867859,
0.1857748031616211,
-0.03855271637439728,
0.01996508426964283,
-0.319091796875,
0.39548560976982117,
0.4993896484375,
0.30482205748558044,
0.41481712460517883,
0.10433682799339294,
0.11739835143089294,
0.32284268736839294,
-0.11537274718284607,
0.07222123444080353,
-0.3613836169242859,
0.20146594941616058,
0.16843484342098236,
-0.0037210637237876654,
0.10450328141450882,
0.22880969941616058,
0.3185369372367859,
0.2902665436267853,
0.32373046875,
0.21522210538387299,
-0.15897716581821442,
-0.16529430449008942,
0.17709073424339294,
-0.3173162341117859,
-0.24530029296875,
0.08736073225736618,
-0.20366321504116058,
-0.14599609375,
-0.13666604459285736,
-0.13170276582241058,
0.013411088846623898,
0.04027574881911278,
0.4183904528617859,
0.22945056855678558,
-0.08605401962995529,
0.4986683130264282,
-0.1395513415336609,
0.4642444849014282,
-0.06921178847551346,
0.38778409361839294,
0.07408280670642853,
0.09691550582647324,
-0.04487471282482147,
-0.08548944443464279,
-4.0110087394714355,
0.2766668200492859,
0.2507282495498657,
-0.19261585175991058,
0.24812455475330353,
0.017141861841082573,
0.08265547454357147,
-0.055775728076696396,
-0.49680396914482117,
0.1885320544242859,
0.12977495789527893,
0.13688208162784576,
-0.35495272278785706,
0.5803444385528564,
0.3762761950492859,
0.0010662078857421875,
0.05560857430100441,
0.24139404296875,
0.52001953125,
-0.19269908964633942,
0.17788280546665192,
0.2587294280529022,
0.20987771451473236,
-0.42951133847236633,
-0.17537064850330353,
0.06789467483758926,
0.17543168365955353,
-0.3182414770126343,
0.1753460317850113,
-0.07606922835111618,
0.23612283170223236,
-0.16722522675991058,
0.46353426575660706,
-0.26700106263160706,
0.12327159196138382,
0.18255615234375,
0.3401752710342407,
0.09076482802629471,
0.6279740929603577,
0.13585177063941956,
0.04900117218494415,
0.16501964628696442,
0.40576171875,
0.22731710970401764,
-0.05714277923107147,
0.22970996797084808,
-0.5527122020721436,
0.09715426713228226,
-0.3336736559867859,
0.4419389069080353,
0.1297857165336609,
0.36556729674339294,
-0.1318359375,
-0.1445867419242859,
0.3704057037830353,
0.03425459563732147,
-0.15926846861839294,
0.22908158600330353,
0.28086158633232117,
-0.10233861953020096,
0.15395425260066986,
-0.015803944319486618,
0.17943225800991058,
0.28542259335517883,
0.4133966565132141,
0.061789773404598236,
-0.11869256943464279,
0.044430818408727646,
0.3781849145889282,
-0.5799005627632141,
0.028414638713002205,
0.24815230071544647,
0.2078857421875,
-0.26065894961357117,
0.07058923691511154,
0.7104048132896423,
-0.11082597076892853,
-0.11679354310035706,
0.6977095007896423,
0.10592096298933029,
0.39013671875,
0.3427567780017853,
-0.2908158600330353,
0.32973966002464294,
2.2834694385528564,
0.5837180614471436,
2.0797231197357178,
0.18475757539272308,
-0.1567327380180359,
0.452880859375,
-0.14845968782901764,
-0.008861195296049118,
0.05393465980887413,
0.4599165618419647,
-0.09789436310529709,
0.3274480700492859,
-0.11793934553861618,
0.22378678619861603,
0.2748579680919647,
0.18572998046875,
0.2613081634044647,
-0.6768687963485718,
0.2666431665420532,
-0.086181640625,
0.4390980005264282,
-0.1713506579399109,
-0.19820889830589294,
0.13249622285366058,
0.26180753111839294,
-0.30615234375,
-0.2735706567764282,
0.3240855932235718,
0.03201813995838165,
-0.08923201262950897,
-0.5327814221382141,
-0.051470670849084854,
0.4038529694080353,
-0.04414229094982147,
0.03272594138979912,
-0.023936878889799118,
-0.040692590177059174,
4.730823993682861,
0.027629505842924118,
-0.10160550475120544,
-0.04694019630551338,
-0.012628555297851562,
0.12037762999534607,
0.2921697497367859,
0.059112548828125,
-0.17103715240955353,
-0.0041294097900390625,
0.13666604459285736,
0.11061512678861618,
0.10253074020147324,
-0.1982421875,
0.10351285338401794,
0.35231712460517883,
0.255126953125,
0.07937691360712051,
0.09233786910772324,
-0.022509487345814705,
0.5443226099014282,
0.15538717806339264,
0.06421644240617752,
-0.051978372037410736,
0.24435411393642426,
0.16455355286598206,
0.3123224377632141,
-0.2557317614555359,
0.008467241190373898,
0.2747358977794647,
0.24846719205379486,
5.442471504211426,
0.2477056384086609,
0.4208873510360718,
-0.06689175963401794,
-0.09200911223888397,
0.11891590803861618,
-0.15606966614723206,
0.2693980932235718,
-0.12180397659540176,
-0.13047513365745544,
0.033724699169397354,
0.050671663135290146,
0.09676985442638397,
0.13430924713611603,
0.26943138241767883,
-0.010792125016450882,
-0.24937854707241058,
-0.2034912109375,
0.4626353979110718,
-0.45407935976982117,
0.5735529065132141,
-0.5087890625,
0.08141534775495529,
-0.20450106263160706,
-0.4867387115955353,
-0.20620450377464294,
-0.10183992981910706,
0.16941972076892853,
-0.16996626555919647,
-0.21603670716285706,
0.6724964380264282,
0.11048611998558044,
-0.205474853515625,
0.28115013241767883,
-0.3948308825492859,
0.07064888626337051,
0.1829296499490738,
0.04316572844982147,
0.06315786391496658,
-0.3344171643257141,
0.31063565611839294,
0.9350141882896423,
-0.15612654387950897,
-0.19577303528785706,
-0.18830178678035736,
0.1611383557319641,
-0.05821331962943077,
-0.15179443359375,
0.22797740995883942,
0.23580655455589294,
0.6897638440132141,
0.09156937897205353,
0.8342506885528564,
0.044289328157901764,
0.4334051012992859,
0.12632612884044647,
-0.2752019762992859,
-0.12610439956188202,
0.28631591796875,
-0.12977738678455353,
0.8934215307235718,
0.08982294052839279,
-0.3894486725330353,
0.32192161679267883,
0.16874556243419647,
-0.021026112139225006,
-0.12668262422084808,
-0.11862529069185257,
0.4501953125,
-0.4781605005264282,
0.03726300224661827,
0.27472755312919617,
-0.07100469619035721,
0.20144930481910706,
-0.1462457776069641,
0.04553777351975441,
0.2703815698623657,
-0.45485618710517883,
-0.18301019072532654,
0.06443855911493301,
-0.22709517180919647,
0.11758752167224884,
-0.5431241393089294,
0.24691495299339294,
-0.31710538268089294,
0.24915660917758942,
0.17436356842517853,
-0.03685968741774559,
0.33080151677131653,
0.08388588577508926,
0.38950416445732117,
-0.2189996838569641,
0.13557849824428558,
0.721435546875,
-0.015658985823392868,
0.20478405058383942,
0.290771484375,
0.3819690942764282,
-0.1258166879415512,
-0.07039295881986618,
0.08626348525285721,
0.35000887513160706,
-0.046650972217321396,
-0.17427755892276764,
0.1834051012992859,
-0.08165740966796875,
-0.1727294921875,
0.13577409088611603,
0.1920831799507141,
0.3867298364639282,
0.4312855005264282,
0.8149858117103577,
0.02595415897667408,
0.05554649978876114,
-0.0033541591838002205
] |
2117
|
Is phantom pain experienced by amputees neurological?
|
[
{
"docid": "1918041#7",
"text": "The neurological basis and mechanisms for phantom limb pain are all derived from experimental theories and observations. Little is known about the true mechanism causing phantom pains, and many theories highly overlap. Historically, phantom pains were thought to originate from neuromas located at the stump tip. Traumatic neuromas, or non-tumor nerve injuries, often arise from surgeries and result from the abnormal growth of injured nerve fibers. Although stump neuromas contribute to phantom pains, they are not the sole cause. This is because patients with congenital limb deficiency can sometimes, although rarely, experience phantom pains. This suggests that there is a central representation of the limb responsible for painful sensations. Currently, theories are based on altered neurological pathways and cortical reorganization.",
"title": "Phantom pain"
},
{
"docid": "1918041#2",
"text": "Phantom limb sensation is any sensory phenomenon (except pain) which is felt at an absent limb or a portion of the limb. It has been known that at least 80% of amputees experience phantom sensations at some time of their lives. Some experience some level of this phantom pain and feeling in the missing limb for the rest of their lives.",
"title": "Phantom pain"
},
{
"docid": "1918041#5",
"text": "Symptoms include:\nOnset within the first few days of amputation.\nComes and goes or is continuous.\nOften affects the part of the limb farthest from the body, such as the foot of an amputated leg\nMay be described as shooting, stabbing, boring, squeezing, throbbing or burning\nSometimes feels as if the phantom part is forced into an uncomfortable position\nMay be triggered by pressure on the remaining part of the limb or emotional stress\nPhantom limb pain and phantom limb sensations are linked, but must be differentiated from one another. While phantom limb sensations are experienced by those with congenital limb deficiency, spinal cord injury, and amputation, phantom limb pain occurs almost exclusively as a result of amputation. Almost immediately following the amputation of a limb, 90–98% of patients report experiencing a phantom sensation. Nearly 75% of individuals experience the phantom as soon as anesthesia wears off, and the remaining 25% of patients experience phantoms within a few days or weeks. Of those experiencing innocuous sensations, a majority of patients also report distinct painful sensations.",
"title": "Phantom pain"
},
{
"docid": "1918041#1",
"text": "Sensations are recorded most frequently following the amputation of an arm or a leg, but may also occur following the removal of a breast, teeth, or an internal organ. Phantom limb pain is the feeling of pain in an absent limb or a portion of a limb. The pain sensation varies from individual to individual.",
"title": "Phantom pain"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "40629843#9",
"text": "It has been suggested that symptoms of mirror-touch synesthesia can occur in amputees. 98% of amputees report phantom sensations in their amputated limb, and one of the studied treatments for phantom limb pain has involved a mirror box. In this treatment, the amputee places their good arm into a mirror box, allowing the image of the arm to reflect where the amputated arm normally would be. When touch is applied to the good arm, amputees have reported corresponding sensations in their phantom limb. These cases can be considered mirror-touch synesthesia because a visual stimulus was able to elicit a tactile sensation. Studies have looked further into determining whether amputees actually experience mirror touch synesthesia. Four amputees were recruited in a study and asked to observe an assistant's arm being touched at various angles. 61 out of the 64 trials experienced mirror-touch sensations, and when the arm was wiggled, the sensations were enhanced. Finally, one amputee experienced a cold sensation when observing ice cubes touching the assistant's arm. Although there is evidence that mirror-touch synesthesia occurs in amputees, recent data has been inconclusive.",
"title": "Mirror-touch synesthesia"
},
{
"docid": "1918041#10",
"text": "Under ordinary circumstances, the genetically determined circuitry in the brain remains largely stable throughout life. It was thought, until about 30 years ago, that no new neural circuits could be formed in the adult mammalian brain. Recently, functional MRI studies in amputees have shown that almost all patients have experienced motor cortical remapping. The majority of motor reorganization has occurred as a downward shift of the hand area of the cortex onto the area of face representation, especially the lips. Sometimes there is a side shift of the hand motor cortex to the ipsilateral cortex. In patients with phantom limb pain, the reorganization was great enough to cause a change in cortical lip representation into the hand areas only during lip movements. It has also been found that there is a high correlation between the magnitude of phantom limb pain and the extent to which the shift of the cortical representation of the mouth into the hand area in motor and somatosensory cortical reorganization has occurred. Additionally, as phantom pains in upper extremity amputees increased, there was a higher degree of medial shift of the facial motor representation. There are multiple theories that try to explain how cortical remapping occurs in amputees, but none have been supported to a great extent.",
"title": "Phantom pain"
},
{
"docid": "24373#9",
"text": "The prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72% of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 67% reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in intensity or quality; others experience several bouts of pain per day, or it may reoccur less often. It is often described as shooting, crushing, burning or cramping. If the pain is continuous for a long period, parts of the intact body may become sensitized, so that touching them evokes pain in the phantom limb. Phantom limb pain may accompany urination or defecation.",
"title": "Pain"
},
{
"docid": "41113755#10",
"text": "Phantom limbs are sensations felt by amputees that make it feel like their amputated extremity is still there. Sometimes amputees can experience pain from their phantom limbs; this is called phantom limb pain (PLP).",
"title": "Cortical remapping"
},
{
"docid": "53116300#25",
"text": "Kean begins the chapter with the sad tale of George Dedlow. George Dedlow had fought in the Civil War and in turn had both his arms and both his legs amputated for various reasons. These amputations brought on another neurological phenomenon: phantom limbs. George Dedlow, amongst millions of other war amputees, felt pain in limbs that he did not have.",
"title": "The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons"
},
{
"docid": "4478702#4",
"text": "In limb amputees, some, but not all, studies have found a correlation between preoperative pain in the affected limb and postoperative phantom pain. There is a significant association between painful and non-painful phantom experiences, preoperative pain in the symptomatic eye and headache. Based on the present data, it is difficult to determine if headaches or preoperative eye pain play a causal role in the development of phantom phenomena or if headache, preoperative eye pain, and postoperative phantom eye experiences are only epiphenomena of an underlying factor. However, a study in humans demonstrated that experimental pain leads to a rapid reorganization of the somatosensory cortex. This study suggests that preoperative and postoperative pain may be an important co-factor for somatosensory reorganization and the development of phantom experiences.",
"title": "Phantom eye syndrome"
},
{
"docid": "14782003#19",
"text": "Phantom limbs are a phenomenon which occurs following amputation of a limb from an individual. In 90–98% of cases, amputees report feeling all or part of the limb or body part still there, taking up space. The amputee may perceive a limb under full control, or paralyzed. A common side effect of phantom limbs is phantom limb pain. The neurophysiological mechanisms by which phantom limbs occur is still under debate. A common theory posits that the afferent neurons, since deafferented due to amputation, typically remap to adjacent cortical regions within the brain. This can cause amputees to report feeling their missing limb being touched when a seemingly unrelated part of the body is stimulated (such as if the face is touched, but the amputee also feels their missing arm being stroked in a specific location). Another facet of phantom limbs is that the efferent copy (motor feedback) responsible for reporting on position to the body schema does not attenuate quickly. Thus the missing body part may be attributed by the amputee to still be in a fixed or movable position.",
"title": "Body schema"
},
{
"docid": "41119526#7",
"text": "Phantom limb pain is a type of tactile hallucination because it creates a sensation of excruciating pain in a limb that has been amputated. In 1996, VS Ramachandran conducted a research on several amputees to pinpoint the neural reasons behind these illusionary pains. Most of these amputees that had an unbearable phantom limb pain are reported by patients whose limb was paralyzed before amputation. VS Ramachandran proposed the \"learned paralysis\" hypothesis. The hypothesis suggested that every time the patients tried to move their paralyzed limb, they received sensory feedback (through vision and proprioception) that the limb did not move. This feedback hardwired itself into the brain circuitry, so that, even when the limb was no longer present, the brain had learned that the phantom limb was paralyzed. As a treatment for phantom limb pains, VS Ramachandran devised a mirror box that would superimpose the mirror image of the normal arm in place of the missing arm and the patient would immediately be relieved of the pain. This suggested that the brain had a plastic nature in the somatosensory system and the brain had reorganized its somatosensory region to accommodate for this new change. Patients that experience this phantom limb pain are very important in research studies for their role in determining brain plasticity. The vivid tactile sensation of the arm that is no longer present suggest the highly complex nature of the brain to reorganize different functions which were once thought to be hardwired to specific regions (localization).",
"title": "Tactile hallucination"
}
] |
[
0.68292236328125,
-0.11140886694192886,
-0.10532379150390625,
0.11803022772073746,
-0.36849212646484375,
0.3384806215763092,
0.1634877473115921,
-0.37628173828125,
0.3997996747493744,
0.358673095703125,
-0.4442240297794342,
-0.4605204164981842,
-0.3261566162109375,
0.21631622314453125,
-0.025511423125863075,
-0.31416574120521545,
0.4785359799861908,
0.08007921278476715,
-0.05938021466135979,
0.21682484447956085,
-0.46917724609375,
0.17266590893268585,
0.6240031123161316,
-0.03315480425953865,
-0.0320688895881176,
-0.3018035888671875,
-0.2558390200138092,
0.3830362856388092,
0.07738176733255386,
0.7399088740348816,
-0.03539276123046875,
0.06368914991617203,
-0.0577189140021801,
0.7174479365348816,
-0.026035308837890625,
0.2514750063419342,
-0.07907835394144058,
-0.07769393920898438,
0.3801676332950592,
0.3055572509765625,
0.15142822265625,
0.1615397185087204,
0.1929728239774704,
-0.08286794275045395,
0.4388936460018158,
0.1611480712890625,
0.434326171875,
0.2555046081542969,
-0.18895213305950165,
-0.5371500849723816,
-0.3819173276424408,
-0.06427637487649918,
0.12472915649414062,
-0.09685388952493668,
0.0191523227840662,
0.0807393416762352,
0.1407470703125,
0.336212158203125,
-0.35516357421875,
0.2182668000459671,
0.2689107358455658,
-0.4466552734375,
-0.027089595794677734,
0.07955646514892578,
0.1748250275850296,
0.1973927766084671,
-0.232269287109375,
0.014045079238712788,
0.0041605629958212376,
0.43878173828125,
0.12208429723978043,
0.70501708984375,
0.266571044921875,
-0.026686986908316612,
-0.06517855077981949,
-0.4228108823299408,
-0.031261760741472244,
0.27134451270103455,
0.256011962890625,
0.03980731964111328,
0.52471923828125,
-0.20986175537109375,
0.051275093108415604,
0.4393106997013092,
-0.04117012023925781,
0.4366455078125,
0.1448516845703125,
0.6080729365348816,
-0.041586559265851974,
0.3648885190486908,
-0.015474319458007812,
0.1681925505399704,
-0.13853709399700165,
-0.03228823468089104,
0.020130792632699013,
0.15572214126586914,
0.5332844853401184,
-0.0472768135368824,
0.5217081904411316,
-0.4347381591796875,
0.2466634064912796,
-0.11199188232421875,
-0.11420035362243652,
0.16825103759765625,
0.6146647334098816,
-0.2651723325252533,
-0.4334716796875,
-0.0903269425034523,
0.449371337890625,
0.342529296875,
-0.2781168520450592,
-0.1981169432401657,
0.09629058837890625,
0.2020772248506546,
-0.037682533264160156,
0.4200337827205658,
0.43852487206459045,
0.014133612625300884,
-0.4300130307674408,
-0.7746785283088684,
0.11117935180664062,
0.17304325103759766,
-0.19349415600299835,
-0.1141510009765625,
-0.1962992399930954,
-0.07296371459960938,
0.6065673828125,
-0.2559407651424408,
0.6679280400276184,
0.2802734375,
0.28173065185546875,
0.3315683901309967,
0.0610097236931324,
0.7301432490348816,
0.11614672094583511,
0.5135905146598816,
0.3409525454044342,
-0.4765625,
0.05225372314453125,
-0.3212178647518158,
-0.1401926726102829,
-0.14852268993854523,
0.16274769604206085,
0.4829305112361908,
0.021819433197379112,
0.2289784699678421,
0.05341498181223869,
0.153839111328125,
-0.031038274988532066,
0.6302897334098816,
0.11462274938821793,
0.3689829409122467,
-0.309326171875,
0.3130086362361908,
0.38592529296875,
-0.054931640625,
0.05348491668701172,
0.1432291716337204,
0.3653615415096283,
0.27289071679115295,
0.7071736454963684,
0.3419189453125,
0.24761962890625,
-0.3069101870059967,
0.5229899287223816,
0.25547537207603455,
0.040637653321027756,
0.2391255646944046,
0.63641357421875,
-0.3202616274356842,
-0.31842803955078125,
0.2525380551815033,
0.6136271357536316,
-0.3451334536075592,
0.1933695524930954,
0.19714610278606415,
0.38089147210121155,
0.4659017026424408,
-0.16404469311237335,
-0.07166417688131332,
0.1067708358168602,
0.275421142578125,
-0.2958272397518158,
-0.21974404156208038,
0.6946207880973816,
0.4243367612361908,
0.2280476838350296,
0.4128061830997467,
-0.2050800323486328,
0.13242466747760773,
0.12814585864543915,
-0.0592041015625,
0.6577860713005066,
0.03549258038401604,
0.2698822021484375,
-0.3206939697265625,
-0.3970947265625,
0.13262557983398438,
-0.10554790496826172,
0.2684326171875,
-0.24119918048381805,
0.07643493264913559,
-0.3706868588924408,
-0.0884043350815773,
0.4439290463924408,
-0.5153401494026184,
0.1651662141084671,
0.260784775018692,
-0.07210540771484375,
-0.2991485595703125,
-0.2631988525390625,
0.06712356954813004,
0.4195047914981842,
-0.026118597015738487,
0.0241851806640625,
0.2521260678768158,
-0.3968302309513092,
-0.59100341796875,
0.33573150634765625,
0.172210693359375,
-0.445068359375,
0.4405924379825592,
-0.0662027969956398,
0.00040149688720703125,
0.037319183349609375,
-0.305023193359375,
-0.028243064880371094,
-0.12535476684570312,
0.10243479162454605,
0.32745361328125,
-0.0325164794921875,
0.2349955290555954,
0.210235595703125,
-0.2202301025390625,
0.348907470703125,
0.4426065981388092,
0.2821299135684967,
0.07692845910787582,
-0.3228963315486908,
-0.0162353515625,
0.14126460254192352,
0.0031763713341206312,
0.024158477783203125,
0.039699554443359375,
0.2516377866268158,
-0.1679636687040329,
0.5862630009651184,
0.0843709334731102,
0.1790568083524704,
-0.2159576416015625,
0.14183776080608368,
-0.06947389990091324,
-0.044569652527570724,
0.1949513703584671,
-0.2584330141544342,
-0.030950546264648438,
-0.259857177734375,
0.2916361391544342,
0.1082255020737648,
0.4352010190486908,
0.4171142578125,
0.2327219694852829,
0.47808837890625,
0.3309326171875,
-0.010157267563045025,
0.09145212173461914,
-0.06212170794606209,
0.5012003779411316,
-0.013971964828670025,
0.3371785581111908,
-0.049346923828125,
-0.08621152490377426,
0.029645919799804688,
0.3334248960018158,
-0.256500244140625,
0.6699625849723816,
0.15484619140625,
0.5984700322151184,
-0.05437977984547615,
-0.03182919695973396,
0.23260752856731415,
0.06790351867675781,
-0.3636271059513092,
0.5321858525276184,
0.27947998046875,
0.27715936303138733,
-0.340179443359375,
-0.029875436797738075,
-0.13912566006183624,
0.09257253259420395,
0.13844680786132812,
0.7996826171875,
-0.1822458952665329,
-0.34498724341392517,
0.008104641921818256,
0.3681233823299408,
-0.1660308837890625,
0.58880615234375,
0.2920125424861908,
0.10090891271829605,
0.7256672978401184,
-0.5096638798713684,
0.3281606137752533,
-0.0224482212215662,
-0.14086787402629852,
-0.3003438413143158,
-0.8647053837776184,
0.37758126854896545,
-0.34552001953125,
-0.1388646811246872,
0.2528788149356842,
0.10062535852193832,
0.03599993512034416,
0.07557741552591324,
0.4598592221736908,
0.048928577452898026,
0.043343305587768555,
-0.03721873089671135,
0.6337483525276184,
0.10041777044534683,
0.11649385839700699,
-0.156097412109375,
-0.36639404296875,
-0.1888376921415329,
-0.007816314697265625,
-0.4364115297794342,
0.06158606335520744,
-0.43017578125,
0.26482391357421875,
-0.1845855712890625,
0.7044474482536316,
-0.0784546509385109,
-0.2427775114774704,
0.011330604553222656,
-0.26840972900390625,
0.2671661376953125,
-0.0026510953903198242,
0.0693613663315773,
-0.4084371030330658,
-0.019198894500732422,
0.007587432861328125,
-0.06685638427734375,
-0.09316936880350113,
0.3807373046875,
-0.19513320922851562,
0.4402059018611908,
0.1536509245634079,
0.7757568359375,
0.6381022334098816,
-0.1385243684053421,
-0.343048095703125,
-0.12737910449504852,
-0.17000389099121094,
-0.0716400146484375,
0.21957142651081085,
0.15367889404296875,
0.2855885922908783,
0.2715403139591217,
0.1597442626953125,
-0.13071854412555695,
0.459228515625,
0.15481440722942352,
0.2946980893611908,
0.369720458984375,
0.1723429411649704,
0.07591819763183594,
-0.3635915219783783,
0.1858317106962204,
-0.04858144000172615,
-0.11837450414896011,
0.07802470773458481,
-0.027530035004019737,
0.2651773989200592,
0.016658782958984375,
-0.2893168032169342,
-0.1602376252412796,
0.22515869140625,
0.38006591796875,
0.4652608335018158,
0.10830386728048325,
0.19184620678424835,
0.6971842646598816,
0.29497018456459045,
-0.11790847778320312,
-0.2585550844669342,
-0.195216104388237,
-0.21797943115234375,
-0.2008870393037796,
0.007388750556856394,
-0.5309041142463684,
0.04483795166015625,
0.01020065974444151,
0.2525583803653717,
-0.3303782045841217,
-0.05208523944020271,
0.1833140105009079,
-0.02896484173834324,
0.5071818232536316,
0.20043714344501495,
-0.0888163223862648,
0.0691731795668602,
0.2476704865694046,
0.18607838451862335,
0.2020161896944046,
4.15673828125,
-0.0997823104262352,
0.034526824951171875,
-0.13306935131549835,
-0.16678111255168915,
0.07199287414550781,
0.6015421748161316,
-0.455535888671875,
-0.3659159243106842,
-0.1394500732421875,
0.3377583920955658,
-0.16773541271686554,
-0.19408543407917023,
0.5069987177848816,
0.07895024865865707,
0.2543436586856842,
0.16916148364543915,
0.5580647587776184,
0.2157135009765625,
0.3493448793888092,
-0.6214396357536316,
0.5828043818473816,
0.4102376401424408,
0.1245981827378273,
0.619873046875,
0.3145345151424408,
0.6988118290901184,
-0.15643310546875,
0.5196329951286316,
0.696044921875,
0.09234365075826645,
-0.09465011209249496,
-0.0032486915588378906,
-0.19954045116901398,
-0.7867431640625,
0.07638248056173325,
0.4702351987361908,
0.4196675717830658,
-0.224212646484375,
0.04317665100097656,
-0.44189453125,
-0.32373046875,
0.3177642822265625,
0.5364786982536316,
-0.1513042449951172,
-0.2486572265625,
0.2179718017578125,
0.563720703125,
0.45263671875,
0.8987223505973816,
0.4957071840763092,
0.11160635948181152,
0.25616708397865295,
-0.1818745881319046,
0.5538126826286316,
0.526123046875,
-0.07121149450540543,
0.09139379113912582,
-0.02792644500732422,
0.18486277759075165,
0.08535003662109375,
-0.2465006560087204,
-0.19156710803508759,
-0.04381084442138672,
-0.1531219482421875,
0.0914866104722023,
0.2388966828584671,
0.18247859179973602,
0.161712646484375,
-0.5198771357536316,
0.29432550072669983,
0.45184326171875,
-0.2742055356502533,
-0.3980509340763092,
0.1284453123807907,
-0.2840728759765625,
-0.13571834564208984,
0.3593699038028717,
0.2733103334903717,
-0.21811611950397491,
0.1027069091796875,
0.0019823710899800062,
0.2131602019071579,
0.2601318359375,
-0.14678891003131866,
0.5812581181526184,
0.34243902564048767,
-0.40443292260169983,
0.5380452275276184,
-0.2449951171875,
0.052211761474609375,
-0.24732208251953125,
0.04774792864918709,
0.3513895571231842,
0.03205807879567146,
-0.2881571352481842,
0.3703359067440033,
-3.8575847148895264,
0.20524151623249054,
0.03684552386403084,
0.12680625915527344,
0.0508829765021801,
0.08352407068014145,
-0.036860305815935135,
0.57305908203125,
-0.1635030061006546,
0.2840525209903717,
-0.8333638310432434,
-0.1202034130692482,
-0.2032521516084671,
0.3942159116268158,
0.3400662839412689,
0.3898518979549408,
-0.025978723540902138,
-0.07477696985006332,
0.4314981997013092,
-0.16773860156536102,
0.4482828676700592,
-0.411407470703125,
0.12977854907512665,
-0.3545163571834564,
0.22125244140625,
0.10312143713235855,
0.2129008024930954,
-0.08400726318359375,
-0.08016649633646011,
0.17646408081054688,
-0.18738047778606415,
-0.05837249755859375,
0.6601969599723816,
-0.3349507749080658,
-0.0458780936896801,
0.5399983525276184,
0.5582478642463684,
0.16716766357421875,
0.4092610776424408,
0.7711181640625,
0.17979495227336884,
0.08715566247701645,
-0.03303464129567146,
0.061389923095703125,
0.11708378791809082,
-0.205322265625,
-0.2300872802734375,
0.1761576384305954,
-0.12437184900045395,
-0.06827672570943832,
0.17050425708293915,
0.3490804135799408,
0.2646077573299408,
0.17550913989543915,
0.5229695439338684,
0.11319223791360855,
-0.09359397739171982,
0.4080606997013092,
0.3781839907169342,
-0.10214308649301529,
-0.0560862235724926,
0.3779805600643158,
0.09022712707519531,
0.0355377197265625,
0.44068145751953125,
0.3539530336856842,
0.4232381284236908,
0.0558420829474926,
0.75274658203125,
0.07137171179056168,
-0.2778968811035156,
0.10184351354837418,
0.0167109165340662,
0.3373006284236908,
0.37176513671875,
0.07002639770507812,
-0.3748067319393158,
-0.2203470915555954,
0.3271141052246094,
0.2874431610107422,
-0.1933746337890625,
0.10833740234375,
-0.2986246645450592,
0.0839681625366211,
2.32861328125,
0.023907342925667763,
2.2186686992645264,
0.13807804882526398,
-0.244964599609375,
0.286376953125,
0.04872322082519531,
0.03348572924733162,
0.08588918298482895,
0.25067010521888733,
0.4297078549861908,
0.04335276409983635,
0.08690264075994492,
0.16409428417682648,
-0.172637939453125,
-0.18290264904499054,
0.4515584409236908,
-0.669677734375,
-0.17698605358600616,
-0.41278076171875,
0.4300943911075592,
-0.3199034631252289,
0.09756597131490707,
0.0639241561293602,
0.12801487743854523,
-0.1132558211684227,
-0.06979433447122574,
-0.033982276916503906,
0.23852412402629852,
-0.3080037534236908,
-0.023556074127554893,
0.6586100459098816,
0.193878173828125,
0.1908518522977829,
-0.359405517578125,
-0.01864004135131836,
-0.010166168212890625,
4.716471195220947,
-0.3802032470703125,
-0.030757904052734375,
-0.027191162109375,
0.20705461502075195,
0.4131062924861908,
0.310943603515625,
0.05711256340146065,
-0.03361542895436287,
0.4793192446231842,
0.21890830993652344,
0.4521077573299408,
0.02304462529718876,
-0.2500953674316406,
0.1882527619600296,
0.09937397390604019,
-0.2202402800321579,
-0.11176808923482895,
0.48748779296875,
0.3107147216796875,
0.2376912385225296,
-0.03927866742014885,
0.254150390625,
-0.3669637143611908,
-0.4893798828125,
-0.1981608122587204,
-0.14216852188110352,
-0.6197713017463684,
0.017253875732421875,
0.242095947265625,
0.256011962890625,
5.417317867279053,
-0.4041341245174408,
0.15294520556926727,
-0.2562255859375,
-0.0029989879112690687,
0.04016653820872307,
-0.12387847900390625,
0.049561817198991776,
0.06473731994628906,
-0.17486572265625,
0.08154837042093277,
0.25274911522865295,
-0.05431652069091797,
0.23779551684856415,
-0.3729044497013092,
-0.3161264955997467,
-0.42913818359375,
0.09842435270547867,
0.3830159604549408,
0.10669994354248047,
0.0021136600989848375,
-0.06724103540182114,
0.3748372495174408,
-0.3679606020450592,
-0.31661924719810486,
-0.0581563301384449,
-0.02295796014368534,
-0.14241154491901398,
-0.23708851635456085,
0.2059478759765625,
-0.05768643319606781,
-0.187469482421875,
-0.3340097963809967,
0.3414713442325592,
0.10571765899658203,
-0.017871856689453125,
0.2004038542509079,
0.347137451171875,
0.1339079588651657,
-0.07984860986471176,
0.287841796875,
-0.3172098696231842,
0.13213729858398438,
-0.4353485107421875,
0.07147995382547379,
0.09604533761739731,
0.2321980744600296,
0.08387883752584457,
0.1729380339384079,
-0.015862146392464638,
0.469482421875,
0.2377980500459671,
0.9081217646598816,
0.3834737241268158,
0.6442413330078125,
0.09329495579004288,
-0.16866271197795868,
0.3744659423828125,
0.1067403182387352,
-0.11394119262695312,
0.645751953125,
0.12976963818073273,
-0.16769790649414062,
0.1625874787569046,
0.4524739682674408,
0.2678476870059967,
0.30194091796875,
0.012952804565429688,
0.4585978090763092,
-0.2960001528263092,
0.07890955358743668,
0.220703125,
0.009837468154728413,
-0.2785085141658783,
-0.0785420760512352,
0.012514750473201275,
0.11961110681295395,
-0.09879175573587418,
-0.04348500445485115,
-0.3672281801700592,
-0.21485011279582977,
-0.1050153598189354,
-0.34585317969322205,
-0.051273345947265625,
0.12311109155416489,
-0.015176728367805481,
-0.2042744904756546,
-0.3363138735294342,
0.2731069028377533,
-0.19342041015625,
0.208221435546875,
0.0280888881534338,
-0.31939697265625,
0.293121337890625,
0.1938883513212204,
0.5373942255973816,
0.13002078235149384,
0.2799021303653717,
0.020453134551644325,
-0.01169586181640625,
-0.14422671496868134,
0.0984242781996727,
-0.08975887298583984,
-0.7016804814338684,
0.1543223112821579,
-0.143951416015625,
0.0870717391371727,
-0.024519601836800575,
0.3607330322265625,
0.1420745849609375,
0.4637654721736908,
0.2983194887638092,
0.14252980053424835,
-0.12004915624856949,
0.1881987303495407
] |
2118
|
When did Romania sign it's Constitution?
|
[
{
"docid": "10422651#2",
"text": "Modified 11 times in the ensuing years, the 1952 Constitution was abrogated on August 21, 1965, when the 1965 Constitution of Romania came into force.",
"title": "1952 Constitution of Romania"
},
{
"docid": "220418#10",
"text": "On 29 June–two months after Carol's arrival–the Romanian parliament adopted the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most modern constitutions of its time. Carol signed it into law two days later. Modeled closely on the Constitution of Belgium, it guaranteed private propriety, freedom of speech, total freedom of the press and established separation of powers. This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way towards \"de jure\" independence.",
"title": "Carol I of Romania"
},
{
"docid": "10422651#0",
"text": "The 1952 Constitution of Romania, also called the \"constitution of building socialism\", expressed the consolidation of Communist power, featuring greater ideological content than its 1948 predecessor. A draft was written by a commission elected by the Great National Assembly on March 27, 1952, and published on July 18. By a 324-0 vote, it was adopted by the Great National Assembly on September 24, when it came into force, and published three days later.",
"title": "1952 Constitution of Romania"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "175581#77",
"text": "The timeline of granting women's suffrage in Romania was gradual and complex, due to the turbulent historical period when it happened. The concept of universal suffrage for all \"men\" was introduced in 1918, and reinforced by the 1923 Constitution of Romania. Although this constitution opened the way for the possibility of women's suffrage too (Article 6), this did not materialize: the Electoral Law of 1926 did not grant women the right to vote, maintaining all male suffrage. Starting in 1929, women who met certain qualifications were allowed to vote in local elections. After the Constitution from 1938 (elaborated under Carol II of Romania who sought to implement an authoritarian regime) the voting rights were extended to women for national elections by the Electoral Law 1939, but both women and men had restrictions, and in practice these restrictions affected women more than men (the new restrictions on men also meant that men lost their previous universal suffrage). Although women could vote, they could be elected only in the Senate and not in the Chamber of Deputies (Article 4 (c)). (the Senate was later abolished in 1940). Due to the historical context of the time, which included the dictatorship of Ion Antonescu, there were no elections in Romania between 1940–1946. In 1946, Law no. 560 gave full equal rights to men and women to vote and to be elected in the Chamber of Deputies; and women voted in the Romanian general election, 1946. The Constitution of 1948 gave women and men equal civil and political rights (Article 18). Until the collapse of communism in 1989, all the candidates were chosen by the communist party, and civil rights were merely symbolic under this authoritarian regime.",
"title": "Women's suffrage"
},
{
"docid": "25032694#4",
"text": "When Romania was formed by the union of Wallachia and Moldavia, Jewish residents did not become citizens of the new state. Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza announced in 1865 a project which would lead to the \"gradual emancipation of the people of Mosaic faith\", however, all the plans were canceled as Cuza was deposed the following year. After Cuza was deposed, Article 7 of the 1866 Constitution of Romania did not allow non-Christians to become citizens of the United Principalities of Romania, so Jews could not become citizens unless they converted to Christianity. The change in outlook can be explained by the weakening of the liberalism which led to the 1848 Revolution and its replacement with nationalism.",
"title": "Antisemitic laws in Romania"
},
{
"docid": "395213#9",
"text": "Băsescu's successor, Klaus Iohannis, expressed support for a second revision of the Constitution, as did Prime Minister Victor Ponta, who stated that such a revision should be a political priority in 2015, as there are no elections scheduled in Romania that year. On 18 January 2015, the vice-president of the Parliamentary Commission, Valeria Schelean, requested the immediate convocation of the commission to begin working on amendments.",
"title": "Constitution of Romania"
},
{
"docid": "11882187#5",
"text": "The 1923 Constitution was abrogated when its February 1938 successor came into force. It was then partly revived after the King Michael Coup of August 23, 1944, and definitively abrogated when Romania became a republic on December 30, 1947. During this latter period, in July 1946, the Senate was abolished—the only significant modification to the document.",
"title": "1923 Constitution of Romania"
},
{
"docid": "17032697#4",
"text": "In 1879, under Western pressure, article 7 was ostensibly diluted but in fact it remained nearly impossible for Jews to gain citizenship. In 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom, and the word \"prince\" was replaced by the word \"king.\" In 1884, the number of electoral colleges was reduced to three, thus expanding the franchise. In 1917, the Constitution underwent two major modifications in order to fulfill promised made to the soldiers then fighting World War I: the college-based electoral system was abolished, and the right to property weakened so that land reform could be carried out. It remained in effect until 1923, when a new constitution came into effect.",
"title": "1866 Constitution of Romania"
},
{
"docid": "17032697#1",
"text": "The document proclaimed Romania a constitutional monarchy, on the basis of separation of powers and on the principle of national sovereignty. The throne was a hereditary office of the male descendants of Carol, \"perpetually excluding women and their descendants.\" The Prince's person was proclaimed \"inviolable.\" He was the head of the army, he named and dismissed ministers, sanctioned and promulgated laws, named and confirmed men to all public functions, signed treaties and conventions on commerce and navigation with foreign countries, had the right to grant political amnesty, to pardon criminals or reduce their sentences, to confer military ranks and decorations, and coin money. At the same time, he opened and closed sessions of Parliament, which he could convoke in emergency session and which he could dissolve.",
"title": "1866 Constitution of Romania"
},
{
"docid": "5516995#4",
"text": "In April 2013, Romania submitted their annual Convergence Programme to the European Commission, which for the first time did not specify a target date for euro adoption. Then Prime Minister Victor Ponta stated that \"eurozone entry remains a fundamental objective for Romania but we can't enter poorly prepared\", and that 2020 was a more realistic target. In April 2013, the National Bank of Romania submitted draft amendments to the Romanian Constitution to the European Central Bank (ECB) for review. The amendments would make the NBR's statue an organic law to ensure \"institutional and functional stability\", and would allow for the \"transfer of NBR tasks to the ECB and the introduction of the euro as legal tender\" using organic law. In 2014, Romania's Convergence Report set a target date of 1 January 2019 for euro adoption.",
"title": "Romania and the euro"
}
] |
[
0.1721246838569641,
0.11540915817022324,
0.19329001009464264,
0.08966341614723206,
-0.4762739837169647,
0.15712113678455353,
0.71435546875,
-0.3943536877632141,
0.46408912539482117,
0.37245872616767883,
0.011064529418945312,
-0.2982177734375,
-0.509033203125,
0.10728871077299118,
-0.4065385162830353,
-0.2514148950576782,
0.3820023834705353,
-0.20262561738491058,
-0.35653409361839294,
0.32784757018089294,
-0.12937511503696442,
0.5590376257896423,
0.12696976959705353,
0.07354111969470978,
-0.32608309388160706,
-0.14091075956821442,
-0.08115942031145096,
0.23518510162830353,
0.10325206071138382,
0.38387784361839294,
0.466552734375,
-0.27126243710517883,
-0.09808904677629471,
0.30862703919410706,
-0.5488502979278564,
0.1374407708644867,
-0.15381692349910736,
0.16657604277133942,
-0.4951061010360718,
0.0812530517578125,
-0.2764337658882141,
0.12697254121303558,
0.3854869604110718,
0.048760153353214264,
0.41162109375,
-0.25235792994499207,
0.4954723119735718,
0.08636509627103806,
0.14906449615955353,
0.09747869521379471,
-0.05209212005138397,
-0.07125923782587051,
0.21977095305919647,
0.3053755462169647,
-1.1036487817764282,
0.08901700377464294,
0.008849924430251122,
0.5479403138160706,
0.17393702268600464,
-0.3653564453125,
0.08116288483142853,
0.059914328157901764,
0.09668939560651779,
-0.23900257050991058,
0.383056640625,
0.08614280074834824,
-0.31802645325660706,
0.005943818483501673,
0.1271612048149109,
0.3976384997367859,
-0.21387828886508942,
0.4293878674507141,
0.5176891088485718,
0.17004117369651794,
-0.03740067780017853,
-0.2781316637992859,
0.059845056384801865,
0.41635963320732117,
0.07979514449834824,
-0.3478199243545532,
0.5237926244735718,
-0.22996936738491058,
0.2376043200492859,
0.28017356991767883,
0.022961704060435295,
0.39608487486839294,
0.2512096166610718,
-0.08152354508638382,
0.4125310778617859,
0.7315784692764282,
0.07342321425676346,
-0.0999065712094307,
-0.25868919491767883,
-0.32492896914482117,
0.333740234375,
0.4381880462169647,
0.33187589049339294,
-0.2266179919242859,
0.09279077500104904,
-0.7147993445396423,
0.2865545153617859,
-0.3593084216117859,
-0.11087174713611603,
0.5034623742103577,
0.09704034775495529,
-0.20284201204776764,
-0.08751678466796875,
-0.397705078125,
0.20587435364723206,
0.39064720273017883,
0.07278997451066971,
-0.36330345273017883,
-0.37891873717308044,
0.14173056185245514,
0.07542835921049118,
0.10731575638055801,
0.30163297057151794,
-0.11339083313941956,
-0.15582275390625,
-0.42898836731910706,
0.3345170319080353,
-0.0496332012116909,
-0.21613381803035736,
0.21357865631580353,
-0.2572188079357147,
-0.38037109375,
0.42325106263160706,
-0.19061002135276794,
0.5103204846382141,
0.24169088900089264,
0.016930319368839264,
0.19588123261928558,
0.23016877472400665,
0.5102095007896423,
0.017305785790085793,
0.16987748444080353,
0.07699897140264511,
-0.3148082494735718,
-0.45212623476982117,
-0.024529891088604927,
-0.09785322844982147,
-0.47445401549339294,
-0.06137639656662941,
0.5147371888160706,
-0.11998956650495529,
0.15446610748767853,
0.026881825178861618,
0.25595924258232117,
0.08524738997220993,
0.10244195908308029,
0.2859552502632141,
0.5389293432235718,
0.024680398404598236,
0.2657637298107147,
-0.06360192596912384,
0.2977461516857147,
0.2911487817764282,
0.1920166015625,
0.06671419739723206,
-0.24250030517578125,
0.8874289989471436,
0.4127197265625,
0.04253498092293739,
-0.09633497893810272,
0.35830965638160706,
0.06788218766450882,
-0.29244717955589294,
0.013699791394174099,
0.3985151946544647,
-0.32053443789482117,
-0.3455699682235718,
0.08471541106700897,
0.4243108630180359,
-0.10863009095191956,
0.25851163268089294,
0.09892411530017853,
-0.15364283323287964,
0.24653209745883942,
-0.053780294954776764,
0.18551912903785706,
0.11680880188941956,
-0.22216796875,
0.2427978515625,
-0.03891962394118309,
0.5662952661514282,
0.1933538317680359,
-0.06444341689348221,
-0.19981245696544647,
-0.3748224377632141,
0.18277254700660706,
-0.1334589123725891,
-0.20604220032691956,
0.7745472192764282,
-0.3008589446544647,
-0.010084672830998898,
0.017128683626651764,
-0.03138524666428566,
0.3079723119735718,
-0.20020848512649536,
0.2461603283882141,
-0.007336356211453676,
-0.34188565611839294,
-0.3883167505264282,
0.04172377288341522,
0.20534445345401764,
-0.2845819592475891,
0.22138561308383942,
0.3190446197986603,
-0.24338601529598236,
0.167755126953125,
-0.020122181624174118,
0.03436816856265068,
0.40576171875,
0.08980178833007812,
0.10879933089017868,
0.359130859375,
0.237091064453125,
0.012383720837533474,
0.4724010229110718,
0.13307882845401764,
-0.31532981991767883,
0.3007701635360718,
-0.028642134740948677,
-0.21547351777553558,
0.11638849228620529,
-0.13618607819080353,
-0.3376908600330353,
-0.04773920401930809,
-0.0448937863111496,
0.33974388241767883,
0.2770330309867859,
0.10367376357316971,
0.23197798430919647,
-0.12846790254116058,
0.09569757431745529,
0.4835205078125,
0.2965531647205353,
-0.036612771451473236,
-0.18972501158714294,
0.11779984831809998,
0.5256791710853577,
-0.10779988020658493,
-0.3931107819080353,
-0.32357510924339294,
0.4770951569080353,
-0.020180441439151764,
0.7176402807235718,
0.20304177701473236,
-0.2786976099014282,
0.031577371060848236,
-0.19517378509044647,
-0.08703890442848206,
0.3954634368419647,
0.406005859375,
-0.2207697033882141,
0.00502915820106864,
-0.021733371540904045,
0.04632013663649559,
0.3683305084705353,
0.0640515387058258,
0.4136463403701782,
0.5226163268089294,
0.5136940479278564,
0.22988058626651764,
0.05113636329770088,
-0.09853016585111618,
0.07011604309082031,
0.34128639101982117,
-0.12491676956415176,
0.4328502416610718,
0.3241410553455353,
0.25142738223075867,
-0.05263068526983261,
0.06926380842924118,
-0.25048828125,
0.04072986915707588,
-0.16791881620883942,
0.10114634782075882,
0.05655808746814728,
0.5371759533882141,
-0.16459517180919647,
0.013913891278207302,
-0.4954279065132141,
0.38559791445732117,
-0.00940218847244978,
0.27749910950660706,
-0.2734028100967407,
-0.18758322298526764,
-0.27886131405830383,
0.23764871060848236,
0.22580789029598236,
0.04808148369193077,
0.07739604264497757,
-0.2052862048149109,
0.3709300756454468,
0.05797715485095978,
0.3589532971382141,
-0.16636796295642853,
0.1659032702445984,
0.11016984283924103,
0.4525035619735718,
-0.45729759335517883,
-0.0988616943359375,
0.5460981726646423,
0.6111727356910706,
-0.0665203407406807,
-0.16964860260486603,
0.03392548859119415,
0.09366121888160706,
0.28756991028785706,
0.10511641204357147,
-0.5670276880264282,
0.012792066670954227,
0.23849764466285706,
0.17797990143299103,
0.7101829051971436,
0.7033247351646423,
-0.1386358141899109,
0.2842962145805359,
-0.16658712923526764,
-0.07815413177013397,
-0.093963623046875,
-0.28128328919410706,
0.03325861319899559,
0.12396795302629471,
-0.5981556177139282,
-0.056473299860954285,
-0.22194324433803558,
0.1929834485054016,
0.10746348649263382,
0.7218572497367859,
0.73974609375,
0.14069713652133942,
-0.03790837898850441,
-0.3399658203125,
0.21718527376651764,
0.34688499569892883,
0.16610093414783478,
-0.20985828340053558,
0.07149436324834824,
0.26260653138160706,
-0.014814897440373898,
-0.4207874536514282,
0.2282049059867859,
-0.021667134016752243,
0.14293600618839264,
0.27852562069892883,
0.6300825476646423,
0.13766756653785706,
-0.15483231842517853,
-0.07297307997941971,
0.547119140625,
-0.10172618180513382,
0.00133514404296875,
0.5346457958221436,
0.4721235930919647,
0.1679437756538391,
0.2651928961277008,
0.6918501257896423,
-0.26393821835517883,
0.21503795683383942,
0.4803577661514282,
0.16584084928035736,
0.20680929720401764,
0.530517578125,
0.5061479210853577,
-0.06760475784540176,
0.036589883267879486,
-0.25821200013160706,
-0.34097567200660706,
0.3001292943954468,
0.2031499743461609,
0.24346646666526794,
-0.04236811026930809,
-0.35986328125,
-0.0715685784816742,
-0.10875632613897324,
0.5347123742103577,
0.28293123841285706,
0.14240889251232147,
0.28878507018089294,
0.5339133739471436,
0.003417275147512555,
0.11409273743629456,
-0.40915748476982117,
-0.41440650820732117,
0.2617242932319641,
0.3270374536514282,
-0.09787819534540176,
-0.27139005064964294,
-0.006902867928147316,
-0.1694086194038391,
0.03504805266857147,
-0.16758035123348236,
-0.22110262513160706,
-0.054537948220968246,
0.24885697662830353,
0.20472855865955353,
0.20669278502464294,
0.05186427757143974,
-0.02534276805818081,
0.5476740002632141,
0.2974298596382141,
0.7064098119735718,
4.2961649894714355,
0.1565350592136383,
0.43636807799339294,
-0.09320636093616486,
0.1867620348930359,
0.1889287829399109,
0.3730024993419647,
-0.4434037506580353,
-0.4378551244735718,
-0.09718045592308044,
-0.21190296113491058,
0.30453214049339294,
-0.004436492919921875,
0.14449934661388397,
-0.0672382041811943,
-0.02974908985197544,
0.3318370580673218,
0.15936279296875,
-0.11317582428455353,
0.5008211731910706,
-0.6423118114471436,
0.24029956758022308,
0.09516837447881699,
0.3343394994735718,
0.8128995299339294,
0.05020575225353241,
-0.15169177949428558,
0.2932683825492859,
0.27773216366767883,
0.19179464876651764,
0.4092906713485718,
-0.03759106621146202,
0.3503972887992859,
0.14888833463191986,
-0.2523248791694641,
0.521240234375,
0.3176935315132141,
0.2900557219982147,
0.11415377259254456,
0.1416681408882141,
-0.04796929657459259,
-0.03061884082853794,
0.3675370514392853,
0.4315074682235718,
-0.14737771451473236,
0.021532924845814705,
0.19631680846214294,
0.5477405786514282,
0.2458551526069641,
0.4427933990955353,
0.1389233022928238,
-0.4036421477794647,
0.0640820562839508,
-0.1294805407524109,
0.05840431526303291,
0.47580787539482117,
0.006789640989154577,
0.4550670385360718,
0.3706498444080353,
0.07687794417142868,
0.06633550673723221,
0.2711070775985718,
0.15622781217098236,
-0.4452015161514282,
-0.29926785826683044,
-0.03487361595034599,
-0.024497292935848236,
0.36410245299339294,
0.09209025651216507,
-0.0060757724568247795,
0.4375,
0.35537996888160706,
0.2156316637992859,
-0.17938232421875,
-0.017399875447154045,
-0.04994513839483261,
-0.22706742584705353,
0.024234771728515625,
0.0033583207987248898,
0.10196200013160706,
0.39874267578125,
-0.027152149006724358,
-0.022032303735613823,
0.35140714049339294,
-0.10261812806129456,
0.5735973119735718,
0.1843927502632141,
-0.09720125794410706,
0.4082475006580353,
0.14149336516857147,
0.08080638200044632,
0.01658075489103794,
0.2574906647205353,
0.13661228120326996,
0.09185097366571426,
0.2468927502632141,
-0.09785600006580353,
-3.8812143802642822,
0.5082120299339294,
0.32981178164482117,
-0.1846979260444641,
0.06506764143705368,
-0.2192327380180359,
-0.32692649960517883,
0.18998995423316956,
-0.06378520280122757,
0.16398482024669647,
0.32608309388160706,
-0.09273321181535721,
-0.45387962460517883,
0.7024147510528564,
-0.019906478002667427,
0.27797630429267883,
0.1820886731147766,
-0.07301469147205353,
0.4027543365955353,
-0.3611283600330353,
0.1695806384086609,
0.006795709952712059,
0.3667435944080353,
0.02081316150724888,
0.14146198332309723,
0.15590597689151764,
0.2857610583305359,
-0.13703502714633942,
0.11197176575660706,
-0.16457019746303558,
0.03708592429757118,
0.3158735930919647,
0.4207208752632141,
-0.0632171630859375,
0.20710892975330353,
0.2031804919242859,
0.2625565826892853,
0.134979248046875,
0.5535333752632141,
0.3110795319080353,
-0.3186700940132141,
-0.10433404892683029,
0.1823785901069641,
-0.21080155670642853,
-0.038296785205602646,
0.34450462460517883,
-0.051877107471227646,
-0.18383511900901794,
0.00861081201583147,
-0.17713408172130585,
0.4043634533882141,
-0.11288174986839294,
-0.3015802502632141,
-0.3826460540294647,
0.8460582494735718,
-0.13554659485816956,
0.5619229674339294,
0.18916736543178558,
0.32521751523017883,
0.3533935546875,
0.09003794938325882,
0.06851473450660706,
0.5348455309867859,
0.3431507349014282,
0.1736200451850891,
-0.2605147063732147,
0.06666409224271774,
0.2858331799507141,
0.2935014069080353,
-0.5476961731910706,
0.43319424986839294,
0.10411834716796875,
0.21897749602794647,
-0.33797940611839294,
0.13374623656272888,
0.3822687268257141,
-0.114959716796875,
-0.07291967421770096,
0.21009410917758942,
-0.10991322249174118,
-0.3602405786514282,
0.15251575410366058,
-0.2620294690132141,
0.34781160950660706,
2.1808416843414307,
0.4814009368419647,
2.0870916843414307,
0.5838956236839294,
0.2017822265625,
0.5124067664146423,
0.1256048083305359,
0.005928386468440294,
-0.07609861344099045,
-0.4994673430919647,
-0.18670792877674103,
0.16442593932151794,
-0.11592518538236618,
0.1449030041694641,
0.08955903351306915,
-0.28951749205589294,
0.3394220471382141,
-1.235307216644287,
0.044028542935848236,
-0.3362482190132141,
0.7289595007896423,
-0.11316750198602676,
-0.08642439544200897,
-0.022465098649263382,
-0.12443265318870544,
-0.19990955293178558,
-0.05718231201171875,
0.13790442049503326,
0.3127996325492859,
-0.23494096100330353,
-0.11927101761102676,
-0.24246492981910706,
0.18582986295223236,
0.16070418059825897,
0.014544573612511158,
-0.012433832511305809,
0.01573224551975727,
4.665127754211426,
0.05075627937912941,
-0.1997528076171875,
-0.0739288330078125,
0.36697664856910706,
0.4952503442764282,
0.7016823291778564,
-0.0031726143788546324,
0.032012939453125,
0.32659912109375,
0.1679632067680359,
0.14898958802223206,
-0.3309881091117859,
-0.13244281709194183,
0.21580921113491058,
0.11764249205589294,
0.46262428164482117,
0.20758472383022308,
0.22743918001651764,
0.16486428678035736,
0.18753328919410706,
-0.1517656445503235,
-0.0547357052564621,
-0.21808694303035736,
-0.03185619041323662,
0.3452814221382141,
0.19890247285366058,
-0.29445579648017883,
-0.019454263150691986,
-0.17088179290294647,
0.23952414095401764,
5.496448993682861,
0.03070068359375,
0.07467616349458694,
-0.019163651391863823,
0.0960235595703125,
0.10230047255754471,
-0.32083407044410706,
0.2811390161514282,
0.053435586392879486,
-0.2690318822860718,
0.03276616707444191,
-0.007813193835318089,
-0.12999655306339264,
0.7323774695396423,
0.24911221861839294,
0.22388805449008942,
-0.36294832825660706,
0.12983287870883942,
0.19835592806339264,
-0.06534368544816971,
0.5943270325660706,
0.206787109375,
0.07564093917608261,
-0.31130704283714294,
-0.5521684288978577,
0.02937108837068081,
-0.1342218518257141,
0.12585726380348206,
0.10904207825660706,
0.1620538830757141,
0.09732402116060257,
0.3015913665294647,
-0.27020540833473206,
0.3367254137992859,
-0.14832653105258942,
0.06847589462995529,
-0.018934769555926323,
-0.12773548066616058,
-0.39035865664482117,
0.042296670377254486,
0.08282332122325897,
-0.09080436080694199,
0.12823209166526794,
0.18960294127464294,
-0.23683859407901764,
0.12421763688325882,
0.08022516220808029,
0.07745361328125,
0.008157339878380299,
-0.13740678131580353,
0.1960504651069641,
0.08368682861328125,
0.7964754700660706,
0.1012011468410492,
0.12702317535877228,
0.31301048398017883,
-0.3277587890625,
-0.35256126523017883,
-0.1463567614555359,
0.16441760957241058,
0.1402837634086609,
0.142059326171875,
-0.3415638208389282,
0.6389825940132141,
0.3487437963485718,
0.24691495299339294,
-0.0268096923828125,
-0.11477383971214294,
0.9476651549339294,
-0.27587890625,
-0.042670510709285736,
0.28208228945732117,
0.02627604641020298,
0.3863969147205353,
-0.2238922119140625,
0.11911981552839279,
0.507568359375,
-0.08060386031866074,
-0.19292519986629486,
0.6870561242103577,
-0.3515625,
-0.021800128743052483,
-0.45945045351982117,
-0.2199152112007141,
0.10720720887184143,
0.12574125826358795,
0.07742101699113846,
-0.1518194079399109,
0.2974992096424103,
0.08273939788341522,
0.31827059388160706,
-0.38623046875,
-0.142852783203125,
0.405517578125,
0.29677513241767883,
0.23733243346214294,
0.061154451221227646,
-0.0377197265625,
-0.19127030670642853,
-0.2891179919242859,
-0.4033313989639282,
0.09933748841285706,
0.4855513274669647,
0.10423625260591507,
0.10491943359375,
-0.16087202727794647,
-0.3210948705673218,
0.03508472442626953,
0.3563787341117859,
0.10589876770973206,
0.31014737486839294,
0.20086947083473206,
0.2750382721424103,
0.3689408600330353,
-0.0590844601392746
] |
2120
|
By what margin did António de Oliveira Salazar win the election for Prime Minister?
|
[
{
"docid": "8927716#1",
"text": "Prime minister António de Oliveira Salazar, whose programme was presented by Jaime Nogueira Pinto, polled the most (41%); his lifelong communist political opponent Álvaro Cunhal was second (19%), and the diplomat Aristides de Sousa Mendes third (13%).",
"title": "Os Grandes Portugueses"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "755557#3",
"text": "Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar chose Craveiro Lopes as the regime's presidential candidate in 1951 to succeed the late Óscar Carmona. As the electoral system was heavily rigged in favour of Salazar's National Union, this made Craveiro Lopes' election a foregone conclusion. He was elected unopposed after the only other candidate withdrew before election day.",
"title": "Francisco Craveiro Lopes"
},
{
"docid": "26301553#13",
"text": "In July 1929, Salazar again presented his resignation. His friend Mário de Figueiredo, Minister of Justice, passed new legislation that facilitated the organisation of religious processions. The new law outraged the republicans, triggered a cabinet crisis, and Figueiredo threatened to resign. Salazar advised Figueiredo against resigning, but told his friend he would join him in his decision. Figueiredo did resign, and Salazar – at that time hospitalised due to a broken leg – followed suit on 3 July. Carmona went personally to the hospital on the 4th and asked Salazar to change his mind. Prime Minister José Vicente de Freitas, who took issue with Carmona's policies, left the cabinet. Salazar remained in the cabinet as Minister of Finance, but with additional powers.",
"title": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
},
{
"docid": "26301553#19",
"text": "The new constitution introduced by Salazar established an anti-parliamentarian and authoritarian government that would last until 1974. The president was to be elected by popular vote for a period of seven years. On paper, the new document vested sweeping, almost dictatorial powers in the hands of the president, including the power to appoint and dismiss the prime minister. The president was elevated to a position of preeminence as the \"balance wheel\", the defender and ultimate arbiter of national politics. President Carmona, however, had allowed Salazar more or less a free hand since appointing him prime minister and continued to do so; Carmona and his successors would largely be figureheads as he wielded the true power. Wiarda argues that Salazar achieved his position of power not just because of constitutional stipulations, but also because of his character: domineering, absolutist, ambitious, hardworking and intellectually brilliant.",
"title": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
},
{
"docid": "10416686#2",
"text": "António Oliveira Salazar served as Prime Minister for more than 36 years, whereas Francisco Fernandes Costa didn't even serve as Prime Minister because he refused to take the oath of office.",
"title": "List of Prime Ministers of Portugal by time in office"
},
{
"docid": "26301553#10",
"text": "In 1921, Salazar was persuaded to stand as a candidate for election to parliament, though he did so reluctantly. He appeared once in the chamber and never returned, struck by the disorder he witnessed and a feeling of futility. Salazar was convinced that liberal individualism had led to fragmentation of society and a perversion of the democratic process.\nAfter the \"coup d'état\" of 28 May 1926, Salazar briefly joined the government of José Mendes Cabeçadas as Minister of Finance. On 11 June, a small group of officers drove from Lisbon to Santa Comba Dão to persuade him to be Minister of Finance. Salazar spent five days in Lisbon. The conditions he proposed to control spending were refused, he quickly resigned, and in two hours he was on a train back to Coimbra University, explaining that because of the frequent disputes and general disorder in the government, he could not do his work properly.",
"title": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
},
{
"docid": "33161981#0",
"text": "Presidential elections were held in Portugal on 25 July 1965, during the Estado Novo regime of Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, following parliamentary elections in the same year. It was the first presidential election to be held by the National Assembly of Portugal rather than by direct popular ballot and, subsequently, rear admiral Thomaz was universally endorsed for a second seven-year term. His only opponent in the preceding 1958 election, general Humberto Delgado, had been assassinated in early 1965 following an attempt to return to Portugal from exile, possibly to contest Thomaz' election for a second time.",
"title": "1965 Portuguese presidential election"
},
{
"docid": "26301553#91",
"text": "In November 1965, \"Time\" magazine said of Salazar: \"Every four years, Premier Antonio de Oliveira Salazar preserves Portugal's image as a democracy by blowing the dust off a few selected \"opposition\" leaders and relaxing police controls just enough for a few weeks to permit them to run for Portugal's 130-seat National Assembly. There are a few cracks in the facade. The assembly functions only as a rubber stamp. The opposition candidates are usually feeble old men left over from a regime that was discredited and overthrown four decades ago, and Salazar decides what they can and cannot talk about...\"",
"title": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
},
{
"docid": "26301553#14",
"text": "Salazar stayed on as finance minister while military prime ministers came and went. From his first successful year in office, he gradually came to embody the financial and political solution to the turmoil of the military dictatorship, which had not produced a clear leader. Finally, on 5 July 1932, President Carmona appointed Salazar as the 100th prime minister of Portugal, after which he began to operate closer to the mainstream of political sentiment in his country. The authoritarian government consisted of a right-wing coalition, and he was able to co-opt the moderates of each political current with the aid of censorship and repression directed against those outside of it. Those perceived to be genuine fascists were jailed or exiled. Conservative Catholics were Salazar's earliest and most loyal supporters, whereas conservative republicans who could not be co-opted became his most dangerous opponents during the early period. They attempted several coups, but never presented a united front, consequently these attempts were easily repressed. Never a true monarchist, Salazar nevertheless gained most of the monarchists' support, as Manuel II of Portugal, the exiled and deposed last king of Portugal, always endorsed Salazar. Later, in 1932, it was due to Salazar's actions that the deposed king was given a state funeral. The National Syndicalists were torn between supporting the regime and denouncing it as bourgeois. They were granted enough symbolic concessions for Salazar to win over the moderates, but the rest were repressed by the political police. They were silenced shortly after 1933 as Salazar attempted to prevent the rise of National Socialism in Portugal.",
"title": "António de Oliveira Salazar"
},
{
"docid": "33162022#0",
"text": "Presidential elections under the Estado Novo regime was held for the last time on 25 July 1972, the only one not controlled by late Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, with the last elections for the National Assembly held the following year, less than a year before the Carnation Revolution. Incumbent President and former Naval Minister Américo Thomaz of the ruling People's National Action was endorsed by a uniform National Assembly for a third seven-year term, which would have ended in 25 July 1979.",
"title": "1972 Portuguese presidential election"
}
] |
[
0.14299100637435913,
-0.372802734375,
-0.3172544538974762,
0.02636898308992386,
0.44475242495536804,
0.17369887232780457,
0.36357566714286804,
-0.2601569592952728,
0.3601433336734772,
0.2806611955165863,
-0.2534480392932892,
-0.23461554944515228,
-0.6243681311607361,
0.11733851581811905,
-0.12606564164161682,
-0.30925706028938293,
0.39602482318878174,
-0.053962260484695435,
-0.09039575606584549,
0.00863026175647974,
-0.3440802991390228,
0.7695025205612183,
0.27822965383529663,
0.3205602169036865,
0.033022262156009674,
-0.19807209074497223,
-0.41974952816963196,
0.34199073910713196,
-0.2805050015449524,
0.3232206404209137,
0.3730827867984772,
-0.003386721946299076,
0.18189643323421478,
0.28325340151786804,
0.007584971375763416,
0.25678566098213196,
-0.0842805728316307,
0.10152659565210342,
0.24267107248306274,
0.5381254553794861,
0.21070772409439087,
0.2246883660554886,
0.27430546283721924,
0.012421103194355965,
0.37456199526786804,
-0.48131605982780457,
-0.16815185546875,
-0.08288125693798065,
0.4722572863101959,
0.2742884159088135,
-0.23277731239795685,
0.2976863980293274,
0.03443459793925285,
0.07695142179727554,
-0.20080846548080444,
0.5949204564094543,
0.2723819613456726,
0.6183292269706726,
0.08896233141422272,
-0.009656920097768307,
0.10546308755874634,
-0.060232724994421005,
-0.3318230211734772,
-0.0702546089887619,
0.27157726883888245,
0.41647517681121826,
-0.032417744398117065,
0.3694278597831726,
-0.1802094429731369,
0.664177417755127,
0.2770206332206726,
0.3954503536224365,
0.3092400133609772,
0.1868501603603363,
-0.1396668404340744,
-0.10548804700374603,
-0.04025380685925484,
0.4605766832828522,
0.2659050524234772,
0.2702672481536865,
0.3968110978603363,
-0.24659280478954315,
-0.014660554938018322,
0.23506075143814087,
-0.190673828125,
0.47185203433036804,
-0.26927274465560913,
0.12420923262834549,
0.27816951274871826,
0.7672908902168274,
-0.3205997347831726,
0.15635591745376587,
0.07130544632673264,
-0.11659420281648636,
0.0016667982563376427,
0.4262120723724365,
0.3449347913265228,
0.4796142578125,
0.07389584928750992,
0.08879537880420685,
-0.058331139385700226,
-0.2902185916900635,
-0.1803714483976364,
0.23951676487922668,
0.32568359375,
-0.44275620579719543,
-0.4048282504081726,
0.28659865260124207,
-0.27821528911590576,
0.1672488898038864,
0.47435086965560913,
-0.16899557411670685,
0.18306957185268402,
-0.1486600935459137,
0.09152266383171082,
-0.12817831337451935,
0.17817598581314087,
-0.09276536107063293,
0.006355510093271732,
-0.5207734704017639,
0.32655245065689087,
0.11207356303930283,
-0.123291015625,
0.34809425473213196,
0.03041890077292919,
-0.0406525544822216,
0.598517894744873,
-0.178863525390625,
0.6814970374107361,
0.2200712263584137,
0.28954002261161804,
0.19988295435905457,
0.16689884662628174,
0.556640625,
0.27986234426498413,
-0.22623981535434723,
0.07181209325790405,
-0.1628139764070511,
0.04873836785554886,
-0.08660170435905457,
0.17196834087371826,
-0.08469416201114655,
-0.02571285516023636,
1.2319910526275635,
0.4309871792793274,
0.13590554893016815,
0.06736025959253311,
0.1694120466709137,
-0.06614595651626587,
0.3814912736415863,
-0.12054847180843353,
0.20475320518016815,
-0.2862907946109772,
0.5697380304336548,
0.08952511101961136,
0.124725341796875,
0.7630974054336548,
0.16058944165706635,
-0.013551642186939716,
0.3079187870025635,
0.6258760094642639,
0.36906883120536804,
-0.10413629561662674,
0.07103818655014038,
0.26557472348213196,
0.36086857318878174,
-0.1700565069913864,
0.6904871463775635,
0.38709214329719543,
-0.12338975071907043,
-0.1642969846725464,
-0.0787874087691307,
0.13806870579719543,
0.15829749405384064,
0.23988252878189087,
0.2970329821109772,
-0.0716979056596756,
0.02809995785355568,
0.16193974018096924,
0.11580882221460342,
0.0011459799716249108,
-0.040802001953125,
0.19289712607860565,
-0.0278167724609375,
0.5848891139030457,
0.2901970446109772,
0.0543091706931591,
-0.41091740131378174,
-0.13177086412906647,
-0.009896895848214626,
-0.21117715537548065,
0.3557003140449524,
0.9867302179336548,
-0.3448486328125,
0.0802369937300682,
0.004173391032963991,
-0.38220933079719543,
0.20924466848373413,
0.3236443102359772,
0.20639216899871826,
0.01383882388472557,
0.01797395572066307,
-0.17263075709342957,
0.15950460731983185,
0.41295668482780457,
-0.24156637489795685,
0.029576469212770462,
0.29411765933036804,
-0.18619851768016815,
-0.4646031856536865,
-0.005645303055644035,
0.045413579791784286,
-0.32943904399871826,
0.48388671875,
-0.11530214548110962,
0.38062959909439087,
-0.13680356740951538,
-0.4102208614349365,
0.29310697317123413,
-0.23317943513393402,
-0.15634693205356598,
0.1763395369052887,
-0.3018520474433899,
-0.08936203271150589,
0.2086428552865982,
0.13704106211662292,
-0.055001650005578995,
-0.1484067589044571,
0.16465669870376587,
0.533088207244873,
0.4559685289859772,
-0.04326113685965538,
0.23285271227359772,
-0.5151708126068115,
-0.016113730147480965,
0.2298404425382614,
0.45840275287628174,
0.2677576541900635,
0.21118657290935516,
0.11673849076032639,
0.21461935341358185,
-0.33261826634407043,
-0.2510591447353363,
0.08946463465690613,
0.24771656095981598,
0.25004667043685913,
0.508430004119873,
0.05512574315071106,
-0.19153550267219543,
0.12562605738639832,
-0.18765437602996826,
-0.25294944643974304,
-0.41382285952568054,
0.21442368626594543,
-0.29161879420280457,
0.0770963802933693,
-0.14940328896045685,
-0.24015718698501587,
-0.1760379523038864,
0.44902488589286804,
-0.024599356576800346,
0.5291748046875,
0.4547693729400635,
0.13186824321746826,
-0.3777717053890228,
0.03298602253198624,
-0.19400562345981598,
0.5409581661224365,
0.026437198743224144,
0.3172966539859772,
0.1124788150191307,
-0.03988467901945114,
-0.1850370466709137,
0.6228170990943909,
-0.3886144161224365,
-0.04289817810058594,
0.06595387309789658,
-0.09883566200733185,
-0.15704300999641418,
0.44306495785713196,
0.35112449526786804,
-0.19195781648159027,
-0.012790960259735584,
0.021544961258769035,
0.2070649117231369,
-0.10185062140226364,
-0.0836639404296875,
0.06552348285913467,
-0.39918428659439087,
0.18496659398078918,
0.4300177991390228,
0.26387113332748413,
-0.05048056319355965,
-0.5428466796875,
-0.13699744641780853,
0.21890079975128174,
0.2600061893463135,
0.05216800421476364,
0.1511862426996231,
0.25767967104911804,
0.7279860377311707,
-0.3137853145599365,
0.149261474609375,
0.4229700565338135,
0.008982489816844463,
-0.5774069428443909,
-0.08227796852588654,
0.5411592125892639,
-0.06951500475406647,
-0.08948763459920883,
0.40879911184310913,
-0.3373592495918274,
0.04401711747050285,
0.05086831375956535,
0.1848018914461136,
0.8471392393112183,
0.846564769744873,
-0.24139763414859772,
0.06496833264827728,
-0.30937644839286804,
0.012898164801299572,
0.31723201274871826,
-0.3507726192474365,
-0.30842140316963196,
0.4015538692474365,
-0.30720430612564087,
0.16543567180633545,
-0.4089786410331726,
0.8014418482780457,
0.4392305314540863,
0.15064014494419098,
-0.04553132876753807,
-0.05306827276945114,
0.0003812453360296786,
-0.2859102189540863,
0.1863798201084137,
-0.48036104440689087,
0.25351130962371826,
-0.11395174264907837,
-0.33257338404655457,
0.06981658935546875,
-0.03084508143365383,
-0.05325620248913765,
0.15164095163345337,
0.2569005489349365,
0.07476548850536346,
0.24463608860969543,
0.18632732331752777,
0.25059959292411804,
0.08972527086734772,
0.18511784076690674,
0.543701171875,
-0.4586612582206726,
0.1254667341709137,
0.13238166272640228,
0.09210384637117386,
0.38353055715560913,
0.2532958984375,
0.25499770045280457,
-0.19759953022003174,
0.15087172389030457,
0.3916877210140228,
0.13151241838932037,
0.3011115491390228,
0.3323328495025635,
-0.07177389413118362,
-0.17811673879623413,
0.15745769441127777,
-0.37641456723213196,
-0.07301083952188492,
0.20943047106266022,
-0.13823744654655457,
0.003069709287956357,
0.2855009138584137,
-0.5159696936607361,
-0.28237736225128174,
-0.029083391651511192,
0.49636662006378174,
0.45031020045280457,
0.3353271484375,
0.11650444567203522,
0.35462862253189087,
0.3461124300956726,
-0.29122745990753174,
-0.42060402035713196,
-0.15948307514190674,
0.24197912216186523,
0.00914338044822216,
-0.04870638996362686,
0.09627936780452728,
0.24326997995376587,
-0.1300835907459259,
-0.029893314465880394,
0.06502218544483185,
0.22312939167022705,
-0.0629793033003807,
0.09510978311300278,
0.15344013273715973,
-0.20425325632095337,
0.016833698377013206,
-0.1610286980867386,
0.40016084909439087,
0.1482974737882614,
0.47730210423469543,
4.187614917755127,
0.1379956603050232,
0.041571926325559616,
0.17600825428962708,
-0.27436739206314087,
-0.2083740234375,
0.25069427490234375,
-0.1619083136320114,
0.29014676809310913,
0.16536398231983185,
-0.2214139997959137,
0.30561020970344543,
0.1321049928665161,
0.6819134950637817,
-0.18570484220981598,
0.4282657504081726,
0.3171135485172272,
-0.33226102590560913,
-0.22742237150669098,
0.33676326274871826,
-0.34969913959503174,
0.39489027857780457,
0.13611288368701935,
0.18978656828403473,
0.46827608346939087,
0.022083282470703125,
0.22981306910514832,
-0.09089929610490799,
0.10829073190689087,
0.04446994513273239,
0.32142189145088196,
-0.20667041838169098,
0.22865743935108185,
0.10989076644182205,
-1.173569679260254,
0.4110780656337738,
0.20154885947704315,
0.5266975164413452,
-0.23312018811702728,
-0.08076850324869156,
-0.47419288754463196,
-0.31616929173469543,
0.16242891550064087,
0.41661879420280457,
0.30900275707244873,
-0.10829510539770126,
-0.5060117244720459,
0.39305204153060913,
-0.12515796720981598,
0.26282814145088196,
0.19318412244319916,
-0.31894099712371826,
0.03188548982143402,
-0.27732938528060913,
0.2647920548915863,
0.515495777130127,
0.21099135279655457,
0.39026597142219543,
0.12779909372329712,
0.19617204368114471,
-0.5913444757461548,
0.013784744776785374,
0.24181747436523438,
0.07623694837093353,
-0.141754150390625,
0.23513120412826538,
0.024932861328125,
0.1862272322177887,
0.2574211657047272,
0.1634799689054489,
0.69189453125,
0.26278507709503174,
0.4006706774234772,
-0.026777828112244606,
0.05999486520886421,
0.1856473982334137,
-0.2668510973453522,
-0.12442555278539658,
-0.6320657134056091,
-0.4089570939540863,
-0.13196563720703125,
-0.4623592495918274,
-0.061633944511413574,
0.19667860865592957,
-0.007593042682856321,
0.3721349239349365,
0.07900305092334747,
-0.5298713445663452,
0.16299976408481598,
-0.00041535322088748217,
0.5480526089668274,
0.09721329808235168,
0.44519761204719543,
0.28204166889190674,
0.056144554167985916,
-0.10075289011001587,
-0.03819364681839943,
-4.012293338775635,
0.2978874742984772,
0.177825927734375,
-0.11561495065689087,
0.17424100637435913,
0.41526883840560913,
-0.09986788034439087,
0.34043434262275696,
-0.46531766653060913,
0.3821662366390228,
0.031039070338010788,
-0.09567709267139435,
-0.27322208881378174,
0.2393466681241989,
0.3961540758609772,
-0.004861494991928339,
-0.020751953125,
0.26837876439094543,
0.3610265254974365,
-0.21807861328125,
0.2464114874601364,
0.21609586477279663,
0.3381922245025635,
-0.2472623884677887,
0.33589622378349304,
0.16709092259407043,
-0.3992919921875,
0.16801318526268005,
0.13507820665836334,
0.0603378526866436,
-0.03943319991230965,
0.20453599095344543,
0.42440974712371826,
-0.04797183722257614,
0.32235896587371826,
0.3040771484375,
0.38152357935905457,
0.05728508532047272,
0.20220947265625,
0.37501436471939087,
0.052808426320552826,
0.29936307668685913,
0.4254509508609772,
0.13323301076889038,
0.016661250963807106,
0.027713999152183533,
-0.27416273951530457,
-0.12075716257095337,
-0.21604201197624207,
0.010582643561065197,
0.11949561536312103,
0.23702464997768402,
-0.25892549753189087,
0.235107421875,
0.3993566036224365,
0.04558159410953522,
-0.0652678981423378,
0.1708706170320511,
0.8645163178443909,
0.00041282878373749554,
-0.20346248149871826,
-0.24108168482780457,
0.09349867701530457,
-0.07122533768415451,
0.4193904995918274,
-0.0006094540003687143,
0.3373018205165863,
-0.02618587762117386,
0.14277537167072296,
-0.800666332244873,
-0.04972659796476364,
0.3440515995025635,
0.23880542814731598,
-0.37051212787628174,
0.185635507106781,
0.3021140396595001,
0.012754104100167751,
-0.07183478772640228,
0.6505629420280457,
-0.06010526791214943,
-0.03593108057975769,
0.05119233950972557,
-0.37380802631378174,
0.6708697080612183,
2.0715763568878174,
0.47028663754463196,
2.1223576068878174,
0.18459634482860565,
-0.021495146676898003,
0.16085097193717957,
-0.34359920024871826,
0.08576763421297073,
-0.03929227963089943,
0.03950001299381256,
0.25814998149871826,
0.032674454152584076,
-0.0644165500998497,
-0.03976530209183693,
0.469482421875,
-0.1754940301179886,
0.35873591899871826,
-1.044907569885254,
0.42418715357780457,
-0.23453566431999207,
0.18034452199935913,
-0.04066041111946106,
-0.21359612047672272,
0.3487064242362976,
0.22248032689094543,
0.033703774213790894,
0.18612617254257202,
0.22793219983577728,
0.08989760279655457,
-0.032499074935913086,
-0.04923180863261223,
-0.135345458984375,
0.10520979762077332,
0.2683357894420624,
0.3785400390625,
0.12971407175064087,
-0.15004415810108185,
4.657858371734619,
0.12932811677455902,
-0.32667452096939087,
-0.2939237654209137,
0.08057919889688492,
0.1531282365322113,
0.4974580705165863,
0.04128197953104973,
-0.014888987876474857,
0.21439675986766815,
0.10551183670759201,
0.05170350894331932,
0.21587057411670685,
0.07482293248176575,
0.35527127981185913,
0.41246840357780457,
0.36323097348213196,
-0.24068675935268402,
0.11679615825414658,
0.07864783704280853,
0.1461271345615387,
0.4708898067474365,
0.0614677332341671,
-0.15910586714744568,
0.3188907504081726,
-0.030717289075255394,
0.261749267578125,
0.32307344675064087,
0.008915936574339867,
0.5170252323150635,
0.18905887007713318,
5.425551414489746,
-0.41370347142219543,
0.20125804841518402,
-0.3067196011543274,
-0.4457218050956726,
0.035774677991867065,
-0.5311494469642639,
-0.09188596159219742,
-0.3097282946109772,
-0.20721256732940674,
-0.05561918392777443,
0.059256162494421005,
-0.12099748849868774,
0.6520277857780457,
-0.1061491146683693,
-0.12168076634407043,
-0.46999943256378174,
-0.176910400390625,
-0.04269498959183693,
0.04217080399394035,
0.23544400930404663,
-0.1959318220615387,
0.2596651017665863,
-0.8590877652168274,
-0.6545768976211548,
0.180569589138031,
0.038578931242227554,
0.15390373766422272,
-0.14136460423469543,
-0.01896253041923046,
0.3810173571109772,
0.5086023807525635,
0.48153865337371826,
0.3619025647640228,
0.31265079975128174,
0.33240464329719543,
0.29691988229751587,
0.26608455181121826,
-0.03955751284956932,
-0.06370455026626587,
0.25975844264030457,
0.1511966437101364,
-0.23807840049266815,
0.11710581928491592,
-0.42302390933036804,
-0.09359651803970337,
0.06496833264827728,
-0.06264675408601761,
-0.08114892989397049,
-0.3216768205165863,
0.61474609375,
0.06890039145946503,
0.7688203454017639,
-0.027639051899313927,
0.18311983346939087,
0.05605809763073921,
0.24261653423309326,
0.3543144762516022,
0.2025577276945114,
-0.01188569888472557,
0.21675294637680054,
0.032907821238040924,
0.26567256450653076,
0.6166273951530457,
0.6397489905357361,
0.34851792454719543,
0.2667792737483978,
-0.08120620995759964,
0.6038459539413452,
-0.5071375370025635,
-0.2822086215019226,
-0.22319278120994568,
-0.3860868513584137,
-0.19252462685108185,
0.22394336760044098,
0.1826046258211136,
0.1546756476163864,
-0.1980743408203125,
0.06651575118303299,
0.18005460500717163,
-0.2257869988679886,
-0.3309757113456726,
-0.21964308619499207,
-0.14100198447704315,
0.027964873239398003,
0.29427921772003174,
-0.0732206478714943,
0.07258111983537674,
0.43044865131378174,
0.4404296875,
0.4365449845790863,
-0.3506433963775635,
-0.04424072802066803,
0.23429960012435913,
0.026799369603395462,
0.1125442311167717,
0.20483577251434326,
0.2315494269132614,
-0.1281420737504959,
-0.10771089792251587,
0.03250851482152939,
0.13012874126434326,
-0.10783711820840836,
-0.34660789370536804,
0.4267147183418274,
-0.10585829615592957,
-0.07858522981405258,
0.09344706684350967,
0.46520277857780457,
0.23364436626434326,
0.31989601254463196,
0.18212801218032837,
-0.03021027147769928,
0.05368771404027939,
0.018245024606585503
] |
2121
|
how did Lou Lombardo die?
|
[
{
"docid": "8233458#4",
"text": "Lombardo, however, refused to resign and continued to organize civic projects under the Unione Siciliana until shortly before his death on September 7, 1928. Lombardo was gunned down, along with his bodyguard Joseph Ferrara (although bodyguard Joe Lolordo survived), allegedly by an alliance of the Joe Aiello Gang and the North Side Gang, at the intersections of Madison Street and Dearborn Street. It was said that Moran ordered this death and had his two experienced gunman do the job with the help of Aiello. Thought to be retaliation for the murder of Frankie Yale the previous July, Lombardo's death was in turn soon avenged with the murder of members of the Joe Aiello Gang and the St. Valentine's Day Massacre, in 1929. He is buried in Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.",
"title": "Antonio Lombardo"
},
{
"docid": "231653#15",
"text": "On November 5, 1977, Lombardo suffered a fatal heart attack. Another source says he died \"of a lung ailment.\" His wife was at his bedside when he died in Houston Methodist Hospital.",
"title": "Guy Lombardo"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "35048532#0",
"text": "Lou Lombardo (February 15, 1932 – May 8, 2002) was an American filmmaker whose editing of the 1969 film \"The Wild Bunch\" has been called \"seminal\". In all, Lombardo is credited on more than twenty-five feature films. Noted mainly for his work as a film and television editor, he also worked as a cameraman, director, and producer. In his obituary, Stephen Prince wrote, \"Lou Lombardo's seminal contribution to the history of editing is his work on \"The Wild Bunch\" (1969), directed by Sam Peckinpah. The complex montages of violence that Lombardo created for that film influenced generations of filmmakers and established the modern cinematic textbook for editing violent gun battles.\" Several critics have remarked on the \"strange, elastic quality\" of time in the film, and have discerned the film's influence in the work of directors John Woo, Quentin Tarantino, Kathryn Bigelow, and the Wachowskis, among others. While Lombardo's collaboration with Peckinpah lasted just a few years, his career was intertwined with that of director Robert Altman for more than thirty years. Lombardo edited Altman's 1971 film \"McCabe & Mrs. Miller\" (1971), which had \"a radical approach to the use of dialogue and indeed other sound, both in and beyond the frame.\" Towards the end of his career Lombardo edited \"Moonstruck\" (1987) and two other films directed by Norman Jewison. While his editing is now considered \"revolutionary\" and \"brilliant\", Lombardo was never nominated for editing awards during his career.",
"title": "Lou Lombardo (filmmaker)"
},
{
"docid": "35048532#1",
"text": "Lombardo's career began in Kansas City, where he was Robert Altman's cameraman working on training films and \"industrials\" for the Calvin Company. Altman ultimately became a prominent feature film director. Lombardo and Altman both relocated to Los Angeles in 1956, where Lombardo was employed as a cameraman by Republic Pictures. Lombardo's goal had been to become a director, and he decided that film editing was a more promising path. Lombardo became an apprentice editor at Revue Studios, at about half the salary he'd received as an assistant cameraman. As was common at that time for studio editors, an editing apprenticeship lasted eight years, during which Lombardo's work was uncredited. At the end of this apprenticeship, Robert Altman used Lombardo to edit a pilot program for television. This led to Lombardo's becoming an editor for the television program \"Felony Squad\", which ran from 1966–1970.",
"title": "Lou Lombardo (filmmaker)"
},
{
"docid": "1916931#9",
"text": "On September 10, 2007, Lombardo was found guilty of racketeering, extortion, and loan sharking. On September 27, 2007, the same jury found Lombardo guilty of the 1974 Seifert murder. On February 2, 2009, Zagel sentenced Lombardo, seated in a wheelchair and wearing an orange prison jumpsuit, to life in prison for the convictions. \"Mr. Lombardo, you are not like the toxic creature I've seen forming in one of your co-defendants,\" Zagel told Lombardo, referring to Chicago Outfit hit man Frank Calabrese, Sr., whom Zagel had sentenced to life in prison the previous week. \"You evidence some balance and judgment and based on the evidence before me, some ability to charm people. In the end, we are judged by our actions and not on our wit or our smiles...In cases like these, the things that matter most are the worst things we do. The worst things you have done are terrible, and I see no regret in you. I think you felt you were engaged in a game in which you drew satisfaction in how you played the game...It wasn't a game,\" and it involved, \"the destruction of a human life.\" Zagel agreed with federal prosecutor T. Markus Funk, and sentenced Lombardo to life.",
"title": "Joseph Lombardo"
},
{
"docid": "714378#10",
"text": "Lombardo decided to resume drumming duties. His first show was at Toad's Place in New Haven, Connecticut on 24 January 2002. At the beginning of the band's show at The 7 Flags Event Center near Des Moines, Iowa on 2 February 2002, Araya welcomed Lombardo's return and dedicated the show to Exodus vocalist Paul Baloff, who had died earlier that day. Lombardo toured with Slayer as part of Ozzfest, H82k2, Summer Tour, and the 2004 Download Festival. While preparing for the Download Festival in England, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich was hospitalized for a mysterious illness. Metallica's vocalist James Hetfield searched for volunteers to replace Ulrich; Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison, Flemming Larsen (Ulrich's drum technician) and Lombardo volunteered. Lombardo performed the songs \"Battery\" and \"The Four Horsemen\", while Jordison and Larsen performed the rest of the songs.",
"title": "Dave Lombardo"
},
{
"docid": "2121842#0",
"text": "Rosalia Lombardo (13 December 1918 – 6 December 1920) was an Italian child who died of pneumonia. Rosalia's father, official Mario Lombardo, was sorely grieved upon her death, so he approached Alfredo Salafia, a noted embalmer, to undergo the task of preserving her. Her mummified body, sometimes referred to as \"Sleeping Beauty\", was one of the last corpses to be admitted to the Capuchin catacombs of Palermo in Sicily.",
"title": "Rosalia Lombardo"
},
{
"docid": "73575#36",
"text": "In February 2013, Lombardo was fired right before Slayer was to play at Australia's Soundwave festival due to an argument with band members over a pay dispute. Slayer and American Recordings released a statement, saying \"Mr. Lombardo came to the band less than a week before their scheduled departure for Australia to present an entirely new set of terms for his engagement that were contrary to those that had been previously agreed upon\", although Lombardo claimed there was a gag order in place. Jon Dette returned to fill in for Lombardo for the Soundwave dates. It was confirmed that Lombardo was officially out of Slayer for the third time, and, when in May, Paul Bostaph rejoined the band.\nOn May 2, 2013, Jeff Hanneman died due to liver failure in a local hospital near his home in Southern California's Inland Empire; the cause of death was later determined to be alcohol-related cirrhosis. King confirmed that the band would continue, saying \"Jeff is going to be in everybody's thoughts for a long time. It's unfortunate you can't keep unfortunate things from happening. But we're going to carry on – and he'll be there in spirit.\" However, Araya felt more uncertain about the band's future, expressing his belief that \"After 30 years [with Hanneman active in the band], it would literally be like starting over\", and doubting that Slayer's fanbase would approve such a change. Despite the uncertainty regarding the band's future, Slayer still worked on a followup to \"World Painted Blood\". Additionally, it was reported that the new album would still feature material written by Hanneman.",
"title": "Slayer"
},
{
"docid": "4368159#1",
"text": "On the evening of October 6, 2002, Tullio Lombardo's marble statue \"Adam\", part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection, fell to the floor of the Vélez Blanco patio, where it was displayed, and broke into 28 recognizable pieces and hundreds of small fragments. The ensuing investigation uncovered that the unfortunate incident occurred when the wood pedestal that it was displayed on collapsed. After undergoing more than a decade of extensive painstaking process of restoration \"Adam\" is now on display at the museum. Museum officials say their process for restoring the sculpture helped create a new model on how to conserve large sculptures.",
"title": "Tullio Lombardo"
},
{
"docid": "35048532#17",
"text": "In 1986 Lombardo returned to editing with the fairly inconsequential \"Stewardess School\". The film was produced by Phil Feldman, who had produced \"The Wild Bunch\" about 15 years earlier. Lombardo's next film was \"Moonstruck\" (1987), which was being directed and produced by Norman Jewison. \"Moonstruck\" was extremely successful at the box office, garnered three Academy Awards and three additional nominations, and has been well-regarded by many critics. Stephen Prince has written, \"Another brilliant editor of late-sixties American cinema, Lou Lombardo (who edited \"The Wild Bunch\" (1969) to seminal effect) worked sporadically in the eighties and mainly on low-key films (\"Moonstruck\", \"In Country\" (1989)) where his editing choices showed the intelligence and subtlety that rarely wins Oscars. The wonderful comic effectiveness and timing of \"Moonstruck\", for example, depends as much on Lombardo's editing as on John Patrick Shanley's script or the performances by Cher, Nicolas Cage, and the rest of the cast.\" Lombardo next edited \"The January Man\" (1989), which was also produced by Jewison but directed by Pat O'Connor. Lombardo worked on five more films through 1991, of which the very popular comedy \"Uncle Buck\" (1989, written and directed by John Hughes) is likely the best known. The final film edited by Lombardo was still another of Jewison's productions, \"Other People's Money\" (1991).",
"title": "Lou Lombardo (filmmaker)"
}
] |
[
0.42938232421875,
-0.11874008178710938,
-0.62457275390625,
-0.0992727279663086,
0.419464111328125,
0.016834259033203125,
0.32666015625,
-0.3487548828125,
0.75555419921875,
0.30913543701171875,
-0.16291046142578125,
-0.2685699462890625,
0.030542373657226562,
0.730712890625,
-0.14367103576660156,
0.16857147216796875,
0.72796630859375,
-0.20104384422302246,
0.08321857452392578,
-0.2656707763671875,
-0.13339996337890625,
0.51580810546875,
-0.1878814697265625,
0.09062957763671875,
0.142059326171875,
-0.12406158447265625,
-0.19379425048828125,
0.1994476318359375,
-0.13230514526367188,
0.61651611328125,
0.347625732421875,
0.239471435546875,
-0.07661056518554688,
0.2770538330078125,
-0.4144134521484375,
0.414581298828125,
0.04251670837402344,
0.4210205078125,
-0.2982635498046875,
0.53857421875,
0.008251190185546875,
0.22566986083984375,
0.19040679931640625,
-0.13800048828125,
0.412872314453125,
0.42724609375,
0.07800674438476562,
0.02747631072998047,
-0.2783660888671875,
-0.13244247436523438,
-0.54449462890625,
-0.006683826446533203,
-0.11846160888671875,
-0.0034570693969726562,
-0.13019800186157227,
0.223480224609375,
-0.19971466064453125,
0.4075164794921875,
0.0419306755065918,
-0.3937530517578125,
0.1810760498046875,
0.1018524169921875,
-0.21221923828125,
-0.10990524291992188,
-0.08848333358764648,
0.312408447265625,
-0.2333831787109375,
0.3695068359375,
0.4350128173828125,
0.3466644287109375,
-0.2610626220703125,
0.27176475524902344,
0.501007080078125,
-0.028555750846862793,
-0.04262351989746094,
-0.600341796875,
-0.315460205078125,
0.07452392578125,
0.058429718017578125,
-0.09764862060546875,
0.517578125,
-0.353759765625,
-0.21278762817382812,
0.428955078125,
-0.0990142822265625,
0.3790283203125,
-0.024190902709960938,
0.307403564453125,
0.09436559677124023,
0.466217041015625,
-0.056676238775253296,
0.18558502197265625,
0.10501861572265625,
0.28741455078125,
-0.06676101684570312,
0.020211458206176758,
0.23456573486328125,
0.485076904296875,
0.13998031616210938,
-0.7445068359375,
-0.06807327270507812,
-0.14831161499023438,
-0.347381591796875,
0.4637451171875,
0.352935791015625,
-0.431304931640625,
-0.13886737823486328,
0.16445297002792358,
0.0145263671875,
-0.157470703125,
0.14691162109375,
-0.411529541015625,
-0.1032867431640625,
-0.3323822021484375,
-0.10407638549804688,
0.16747283935546875,
-0.1754322052001953,
-0.18048095703125,
0.05342578887939453,
-0.9013671875,
0.41986083984375,
0.502960205078125,
-0.17516326904296875,
0.1573047637939453,
-0.33434295654296875,
0.06533050537109375,
0.58612060546875,
0.2855224609375,
0.753173828125,
0.03883552551269531,
-0.0678715705871582,
0.02615344524383545,
0.03503990173339844,
0.80511474609375,
0.03411412239074707,
0.0967864990234375,
-0.008625030517578125,
-0.2366485595703125,
0.031099319458007812,
-0.13007640838623047,
-0.27027130126953125,
0.2463531494140625,
0.058123111724853516,
0.5615386962890625,
-0.035031795501708984,
0.33465576171875,
0.11735153198242188,
0.26953125,
0.0626668930053711,
-0.22142791748046875,
-0.23480224609375,
0.1145477294921875,
-0.14559555053710938,
0.636444091796875,
0.2311859130859375,
-0.10334014892578125,
0.3502655029296875,
0.19390106201171875,
-0.19361114501953125,
0.2298431396484375,
0.80316162109375,
0.357879638671875,
0.315673828125,
-0.04268217086791992,
0.38055419921875,
-0.409698486328125,
-0.363494873046875,
0.09177017211914062,
0.68865966796875,
-0.1760101318359375,
-0.3466339111328125,
0.05414581298828125,
0.11124420166015625,
0.0024694204330444336,
-0.15724945068359375,
0.06294727325439453,
-0.14771652221679688,
0.356231689453125,
0.027982711791992188,
-0.183685302734375,
0.14806365966796875,
0.421905517578125,
-0.13946771621704102,
-0.09559440612792969,
0.610809326171875,
0.2093505859375,
0.583038330078125,
-0.07632637023925781,
-0.3551788330078125,
0.07986164093017578,
0.384002685546875,
-0.0225067138671875,
0.38201904296875,
-0.3602294921875,
0.43011474609375,
0.33133697509765625,
-0.024965286254882812,
0.76776123046875,
-0.3477170467376709,
0.3251953125,
-0.265317440032959,
0.018779754638671875,
-0.05410957336425781,
0.37786865234375,
-0.03408622741699219,
-0.08070755004882812,
0.025784969329833984,
0.2883474826812744,
-0.1391448974609375,
-0.21027374267578125,
-0.005901336669921875,
-0.07581710815429688,
0.58758544921875,
0.046802520751953125,
-0.23199462890625,
0.018842697143554688,
-0.2563133239746094,
0.019620895385742188,
0.3787841796875,
0.286346435546875,
-0.11697769165039062,
0.08606863021850586,
0.1335601806640625,
0.028860807418823242,
-0.1385354995727539,
-0.2697906494140625,
-0.177520751953125,
0.26848602294921875,
-0.06389474868774414,
0.21112823486328125,
0.534332275390625,
0.5726470947265625,
-0.00009107589721679688,
-0.0008139610290527344,
0.2655792236328125,
0.4580078125,
0.29473876953125,
-0.028362274169921875,
-0.250335693359375,
-0.0303955078125,
0.11753082275390625,
0.2455596923828125,
-0.19854736328125,
-0.30269622802734375,
0.04176902770996094,
-0.2518157958984375,
0.1005401611328125,
-0.054065704345703125,
0.151611328125,
-0.14831924438476562,
0.30389404296875,
-0.3306121826171875,
0.07596015930175781,
0.46136474609375,
-0.419952392578125,
-0.069000244140625,
-0.07594013214111328,
-0.060990333557128906,
0.1673583984375,
0.194671630859375,
0.09506607055664062,
0.472137451171875,
0.05432295799255371,
0.2336578369140625,
-0.2814788818359375,
-0.34824371337890625,
-0.24674224853515625,
0.3349761962890625,
0.10544586181640625,
0.3170928955078125,
0.38063621520996094,
0.13729286193847656,
0.11214447021484375,
0.15356206893920898,
-0.2256927490234375,
0.05471611022949219,
0.2801361083984375,
0.08727264404296875,
-0.0285186767578125,
0.16497039794921875,
0.5704345703125,
0.22220611572265625,
-0.019036293029785156,
-0.04714775085449219,
0.71307373046875,
-0.06672286987304688,
-0.4501953125,
-0.1120147705078125,
-0.3366851806640625,
-0.07045722007751465,
0.1996917724609375,
0.36065673828125,
-0.274871826171875,
-0.349029541015625,
0.11999702453613281,
-0.11653518676757812,
0.5546875,
-0.042818546295166016,
0.49951171875,
0.37396240234375,
0.4584197998046875,
-0.560577392578125,
0.22711944580078125,
0.47052001953125,
-0.16746139526367188,
-0.1195526123046875,
-0.431793212890625,
0.447265625,
0.07468056678771973,
0.19866180419921875,
0.28857421875,
0.3677978515625,
0.24903106689453125,
0.27161407470703125,
0.288299560546875,
0.15472412109375,
0.3172454833984375,
0.62896728515625,
0.572662353515625,
0.09387874603271484,
0.10521697998046875,
-0.2907867431640625,
-0.2496185302734375,
-0.13006210327148438,
0.2231292724609375,
-0.71209716796875,
0.29766845703125,
-0.400726318359375,
0.534698486328125,
-0.23244476318359375,
0.9010009765625,
-0.11694526672363281,
-0.026065826416015625,
0.023099899291992188,
-0.19434356689453125,
0.2244415283203125,
0.2693443298339844,
0.42376708984375,
-0.549407958984375,
-0.13089370727539062,
0.07796096801757812,
0.11857223510742188,
-0.0037255287170410156,
0.3447418212890625,
-0.339935302734375,
0.1794586181640625,
0.0145111083984375,
0.2826118469238281,
0.57672119140625,
-0.0009355545043945312,
-0.10498046875,
-0.03669142723083496,
-0.22866058349609375,
-0.3582611083984375,
0.24465560913085938,
0.20909881591796875,
0.3455810546875,
0.340850830078125,
0.2492828369140625,
-0.134765625,
0.12093925476074219,
-0.156219482421875,
0.022983551025390625,
-0.05162620544433594,
0.3485870361328125,
0.4616851806640625,
-0.2616233825683594,
0.2251434326171875,
0.1335296630859375,
0.08895063400268555,
-0.05721282958984375,
-0.1717681884765625,
0.056516051292419434,
0.10050392150878906,
-0.385284423828125,
-0.1774444580078125,
-0.1372222900390625,
0.4185943603515625,
0.356658935546875,
0.50909423828125,
0.3889608383178711,
0.524627685546875,
0.394439697265625,
-0.09309005737304688,
-0.530029296875,
-0.40478515625,
0.14729976654052734,
-0.377349853515625,
0.1923980712890625,
-0.3440093994140625,
0.11141538619995117,
-0.19903564453125,
-0.03204345703125,
0.06052398681640625,
-0.543731689453125,
-0.08832669258117676,
-0.0589447021484375,
0.39892578125,
0.246124267578125,
-0.3119239807128906,
0.04015207290649414,
0.29119873046875,
0.1920318603515625,
0.494964599609375,
4.1552734375,
0.21665191650390625,
0.54571533203125,
0.023983001708984375,
0.009366035461425781,
0.07938385009765625,
0.270751953125,
-0.3863983154296875,
-0.3387603759765625,
-0.11179542541503906,
-0.347137451171875,
0.14626312255859375,
-0.204925537109375,
0.429412841796875,
0.04243159294128418,
0.038969993591308594,
0.427490234375,
0.18878555297851562,
0.08350372314453125,
0.7760009765625,
-0.398895263671875,
0.392364501953125,
0.247100830078125,
0.4304962158203125,
0.3541259765625,
0.006083488464355469,
0.187713623046875,
-0.15423011779785156,
0.2264404296875,
0.052942752838134766,
0.2623291015625,
-0.2261962890625,
0.21496963500976562,
0.29156494140625,
-0.99346923828125,
0.3950843811035156,
0.06974029541015625,
-0.16718292236328125,
-0.2755126953125,
0.2843780517578125,
-0.1733856201171875,
-0.16719818115234375,
0.37155914306640625,
0.44281005859375,
0.24179458618164062,
-0.3589630126953125,
-0.1962299346923828,
0.568389892578125,
0.20733642578125,
0.68170166015625,
0.39892578125,
-0.439056396484375,
0.288482666015625,
-0.18747329711914062,
0.2746429443359375,
0.465240478515625,
-0.06601428985595703,
0.48358154296875,
0.0933135449886322,
-0.0041046142578125,
0.25452423095703125,
-0.2577362060546875,
0.13458633422851562,
0.057659149169921875,
-0.0042877197265625,
0.03559684753417969,
-0.01687312126159668,
0.54254150390625,
-0.1659088134765625,
0.007862091064453125,
0.3176116943359375,
0.447998046875,
0.673492431640625,
-0.11843109130859375,
0.210662841796875,
-0.14279556274414062,
-0.21606969833374023,
0.03700828552246094,
0.4669189453125,
0.13657760620117188,
0.008050918579101562,
-0.488128662109375,
-0.12279510498046875,
0.0525740385055542,
0.033611297607421875,
0.4346923828125,
0.3000335693359375,
0.2834930419921875,
0.522613525390625,
-0.041500091552734375,
0.546417236328125,
-0.04481220245361328,
0.16152513027191162,
0.31649017333984375,
0.018268585205078125,
-0.025867938995361328,
0.477142333984375,
-3.97998046875,
0.503692626953125,
0.481292724609375,
-0.033827781677246094,
-0.025127410888671875,
0.39373779296875,
0.24034976959228516,
0.856201171875,
-0.50738525390625,
0.04952239990234375,
-0.18772125244140625,
0.28620147705078125,
-0.112152099609375,
0.13637924194335938,
0.3694000244140625,
0.232635498046875,
-0.018251419067382812,
0.11745071411132812,
0.17474746704101562,
-0.23566055297851562,
-0.17493438720703125,
0.3165130615234375,
0.3658447265625,
0.033391475677490234,
0.5361785888671875,
-0.12945985794067383,
-0.05055999755859375,
-0.040447235107421875,
0.06874275207519531,
0.16318511962890625,
-0.008379220962524414,
-0.14389801025390625,
0.70147705078125,
-0.2742156982421875,
0.10818958282470703,
0.631561279296875,
0.422607421875,
0.2488555908203125,
0.63397216796875,
0.218353271484375,
-0.2299346923828125,
0.19543957710266113,
0.286651611328125,
0.245086669921875,
0.0020837783813476562,
0.11249542236328125,
-0.055956363677978516,
0.383148193359375,
-0.07938003540039062,
0.04741191864013672,
-0.09097671508789062,
0.3692626953125,
-0.15067672729492188,
0.420684814453125,
0.3638916015625,
-0.09922027587890625,
0.25438690185546875,
0.061067819595336914,
-0.057224273681640625,
-0.1593017578125,
0.023733139038085938,
-0.043365478515625,
0.18609619140625,
0.111846923828125,
0.2618904113769531,
0.028535842895507812,
0.15477752685546875,
0.32769775390625,
-0.2416839599609375,
-0.1889495849609375,
0.2811431884765625,
0.232757568359375,
0.384124755859375,
0.04246950149536133,
-0.06622695922851562,
0.505401611328125,
0.10392308235168457,
0.0077419281005859375,
0.543731689453125,
0.09497833251953125,
-0.3372802734375,
0.2112579345703125,
-0.431610107421875,
0.06100654602050781,
2.678955078125,
0.30820465087890625,
2.064453125,
0.4186553955078125,
-0.07006359100341797,
0.39581298828125,
-0.3555755615234375,
0.25337982177734375,
-0.009839057922363281,
0.17507171630859375,
0.35595703125,
0.023427963256835938,
0.027933120727539062,
-0.10692596435546875,
0.2575225830078125,
0.07979679107666016,
0.344879150390625,
-0.5478668212890625,
-0.236083984375,
-0.06399917602539062,
-0.015071868896484375,
-0.11724853515625,
0.09590339660644531,
0.15803146362304688,
0.203765869140625,
-0.15248870849609375,
-0.05429410934448242,
0.16132354736328125,
-0.2825469970703125,
0.09361934661865234,
-0.07282638549804688,
0.2994537353515625,
0.27545166015625,
-0.2707061767578125,
0.1494464874267578,
0.0785675048828125,
0.1433887481689453,
4.7216796875,
0.277862548828125,
-0.354827880859375,
-0.0863800048828125,
-0.06533622741699219,
0.1366729736328125,
0.441131591796875,
0.51080322265625,
0.2831573486328125,
0.1969146728515625,
0.557220458984375,
0.1646575927734375,
-0.022545814514160156,
0.03703594207763672,
0.4630126953125,
0.1837158203125,
0.08585548400878906,
-0.2658538818359375,
0.37567138671875,
0.007921874523162842,
0.24802398681640625,
0.30611133575439453,
0.0473175048828125,
-0.439483642578125,
-0.22158432006835938,
0.03871917724609375,
0.09506797790527344,
-0.3988189697265625,
-0.2349395751953125,
0.39166259765625,
-0.1669788360595703,
5.44677734375,
-0.289215087890625,
-0.17346954345703125,
-0.07253265380859375,
-0.456329345703125,
0.07264900207519531,
0.08283233642578125,
-0.03310680389404297,
-0.17052459716796875,
-0.04738140106201172,
-0.06142234802246094,
-0.16694259643554688,
-0.03433990478515625,
0.424102783203125,
-0.08160781860351562,
-0.12395477294921875,
-0.138427734375,
-0.030849456787109375,
-0.19855117797851562,
-0.07962143421173096,
0.64495849609375,
-0.04984474182128906,
-0.21365737915039062,
-0.506591796875,
-0.10684871673583984,
0.08098983764648438,
-0.33154296875,
-0.274810791015625,
-0.330230712890625,
-0.013764381408691406,
0.53338623046875,
-0.07791280746459961,
0.028905391693115234,
0.463104248046875,
-0.21721649169921875,
0.2339019775390625,
0.6400146484375,
0.16187667846679688,
0.2685432434082031,
-0.25267791748046875,
0.2217254638671875,
-0.018271446228027344,
0.12343597412109375,
0.2615203857421875,
-0.194915771484375,
0.09450554847717285,
0.0031347274780273438,
0.06014251708984375,
-0.2394866943359375,
0.055147647857666016,
0.07065582275390625,
0.13741683959960938,
1.01177978515625,
-0.406707763671875,
0.48626708984375,
0.176177978515625,
0.0935211181640625,
-0.2426300048828125,
0.19463086128234863,
-0.69097900390625,
0.2105712890625,
0.11321258544921875,
-0.13689422607421875,
0.288970947265625,
0.6326904296875,
0.66058349609375,
0.10172653198242188,
0.011999130249023438,
0.42291259765625,
-0.3271331787109375,
-0.027532577514648438,
-0.20201873779296875,
-0.09796905517578125,
0.1541595458984375,
0.01784515380859375,
0.1410980224609375,
0.14582443237304688,
-0.2668304443359375,
0.49285888671875,
0.022443771362304688,
-0.47418212890625,
-0.2415618896484375,
-0.1827106475830078,
0.4468994140625,
-0.24920654296875,
0.16991424560546875,
0.12485504150390625,
-0.33966064453125,
0.354034423828125,
-0.23925018310546875,
0.345703125,
-0.12611770629882812,
0.03831005096435547,
0.3146514892578125,
0.15126800537109375,
0.18712615966796875,
0.507415771484375,
0.58624267578125,
0.461212158203125,
0.03280830383300781,
-0.4477996826171875,
0.10853195190429688,
-0.096221923828125,
-0.490753173828125,
0.21138763427734375,
0.029743194580078125,
0.15195655822753906,
0.14970874786376953,
0.12637710571289062,
-0.014657974243164062,
0.3946533203125,
-0.047276973724365234,
0.40985107421875,
-0.21379542350769043,
0.0686798095703125
] |
2122
|
When was fluorine first introduced in tap water?
|
[
{
"docid": "763637#3",
"text": "Health and dental organizations worldwide have endorsed its safety and effectiveness. Its use began in 1945, following studies of children in a region where higher levels of fluoride occur naturally in the water. Further research showed that moderate fluoridation prevents tooth decay.",
"title": "Water fluoridation"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "17481271#48",
"text": "Population studies from the mid-20th century onwards show topical fluoride reduces dental caries. This was first attributed to the conversion of tooth enamel hydroxyapatite into the more durable fluorapatite, but studies on pre-fluoridated teeth refuted this hypothesis, and current theories involve fluoride aiding enamel growth in small caries. After studies of children in areas where fluoride was naturally present in drinking water, controlled public water supply fluoridation to fight tooth decay began in the 1940s and is now applied to water supplying 6 percent of the global population, including two-thirds of Americans. Reviews of the scholarly literature in 2000 and 2007 associated water fluoridation with a significant reduction of tooth decay in children. Despite such endorsements and evidence of no adverse effects other than mostly benign dental fluorosis, opposition still exists on ethical and safety grounds. The benefits of fluoridation have lessened, possibly due to other fluoride sources, but are still measurable in low-income groups. Sodium monofluorophosphate and sometimes sodium or tin(II) fluoride are often found in fluoride toothpastes, first introduced in the U.S. in 1955 and now ubiquitous in developed countries, alongside fluoridated mouthwashes, gels, foams, and varnishes.",
"title": "Fluorine"
},
{
"docid": "1864153#0",
"text": "Fluoride or fluorine deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased dental caries (or tooth decay, is the breakdown of dental tissues by the acidic products released by the \"bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates.\") and possibly osteoporosis (a bone disorder which leads to a decrease in bone mass, and an increase in bone fragility), due to a lack of fluoride in the diet. In terms of dietary sources, fish and tea are considered natural sources of fluoride, as well as tap water that has been fluoridated. The extent to which the condition truly exists, and its relationship to fluoride poisoning has given rise to some controversy. Fluorine is not considered to be an essential nutrient, but the importance of fluorides for preventing tooth decay is well-recognized, although the effect is predominantly topical. Prior to 1981, the effect of fluorides was thought to be largely systemic and preeruptive, requiring ingestion. Fluoride is considered essential in the development and maintenance of teeth by the American Dental Hygienists' Association. Fluoride is also essential as it incorporates into the teeth to form and harden teeth enamels so that the teeth are more acid resistant as well as more resistant to cavity forming bacteria. Caries-inhibiting effects of fluoride were first seen in 1902 when fluoride in high concentrations was found to stain teeth and prevent tooth decay.",
"title": "Fluorine deficiency"
},
{
"docid": "18856018#54",
"text": "In 1952, Norrköping in Sweden became one of the first cities in Europe to fluoridate its water supply. It was declared illegal by the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden in 1961, re-legalized in 1962 and finally prohibited by the parliament in 1971, after considerable debate. The parliament majority said that there were other and better ways of reducing tooth decay than water fluoridation. Four cities received permission to fluoridate tap water when it was legal. An official commission was formed, which published its final report in 1981. They recommended other ways of reducing tooth decay (improving food and oral hygiene habits) instead of fluoridating tap water. They also found that many people found fluoridation to infringe upon personal liberty/freedom of choice by forcing them to be medicated, and that the long-term effects of fluoridation were insufficiently acknowledged. They also lacked a proper study on the effects of fluoridation on formula-fed infants. In the year 2004 the allowed amount of fluoride in the water was decreased to 1,5 mg/l.",
"title": "Fluoridation by country"
},
{
"docid": "39367145#6",
"text": "Sodium fluoride, tin difluoride, and, most commonly, sodium monofluorophosphate, are used in toothpaste. In 1955, the first fluoride toothpaste was introduced in the United States. Now, almost all toothpaste in developed countries is fluoridated. For example, 95% of European toothpaste contains fluoride. Gels and foams are often advised for special patient groups, particularly those undergoing radiation therapy to the head (cancer patients). The patient receives a four-minute application of a high amount of fluoride. Varnishes, which can be more quickly applied, exist and perform a similar function. Fluoride is also contained in prescription and non-prescription mouthwashes and is a trace component of foods manufactured using fluoridated water supplies.",
"title": "Biological aspects of fluorine"
},
{
"docid": "17481271#1",
"text": "Among the elements, fluorine ranks 24th in universal abundance and 13th in terrestrial abundance. Fluorite, the primary mineral source of fluorine which gave the element its name, was first described in 1529; as it was added to metal ores to lower their melting points for smelting, the Latin verb \"\" meaning \"flow\" gave the mineral its name. Proposed as an element in 1810, fluorine proved difficult and dangerous to separate from its compounds, and several early experimenters died or sustained injuries from their attempts. Only in 1886 did French chemist Henri Moissan isolate elemental fluorine using low-temperature electrolysis, a process still employed for modern production. Industrial production of fluorine gas for uranium enrichment, its largest application, began during the Manhattan Project in World War II.",
"title": "Fluorine"
},
{
"docid": "39483774#0",
"text": "Fluorine is a relatively new element in human applications. In ancient times, only minor uses of fluorine-containing minerals existed. The industrial use of fluorite, fluorine's source mineral, was first described by early scientist Georgius Agricola in the 16th century, in the context of smelting. The name \"fluorite\" (and later \"fluorine\") derives from Agricola's invented Latin terminology. In the late 18th century, hydrofluoric acid was discovered. By the early 19th century, it was recognized that fluorine was a bound element within compounds, similar to chlorine. Fluorite was determined to be calcium fluoride.",
"title": "History of fluorine"
},
{
"docid": "47391667#1",
"text": "On 14 – 17 July 1959, Colin J. Tatlow organized in Birmingham (UK) an event which was \"a milestone in fluorine chemistry\", namely he arranged “an International Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry, which became the first of the now regular and important familiar series”. After the 8th ISFC, held in Kyoto (Japan) on 22 – 27 August 1976, ISFCs were systematically organized every three years under the governance of an International Steering Committee. From the very beginning ISFCs were reference events for scientists involved in fluorine chemistry and they played a major role in framing and maintaining the community of fluorine chemists. Some emblematic confirmations of this roles are: results presented at the 1st ISFC (Birmingham, 1959) are cited in a Houben-Weyl volume on fluorine chemistry published in 1999, results presented at the 4th ISFC (Estes Park, 1967) are mentioned in a book on the chemistry and technology of lubricants published in 2013, the \"Moissan Prize\" is the most prestigious prize in fluorine chemistry and is presented at ISFCs.",
"title": "International Symposium on Fluorine Chemistry"
},
{
"docid": "39415735#8",
"text": "Fluorapatite (Ca(PO)F) is mined along with other apatites for its phosphate content and is used mostly for production of fertilizers. Most of the Earth's fluorine is bound in this mineral, but because the percentage within the mineral is low (3.5%), the fluorine is discarded as waste. Only in the United States is there significant recovery. There, the hexafluorosilicates produced as byproducts are used to supply water fluoridation.",
"title": "Origin and occurrence of fluorine"
},
{
"docid": "7246375#3",
"text": "The first attempt at trying to find the covalent radius of fluorine was in 1938, by Brockway. Brockway prepared a vapour of F molecules by means of the electrolysis of potassium bifluoride (KHF) in a fluorine generator, which was constructed of Monel metal. Then, the product was passed over potassium fluoride so as to remove any hydrogen fluoride (HF) and to condense the product into a liquid. A sample was collected by evaporating the condensed liquid into a Pyrex flask. Finally, using electron diffraction, it was determined that the bond length between the two fluorine atoms was about 145 pm. He therefore assumed that the covalent radius of fluorine was half this value, or 73 pm. This value, however, is inaccurate due to the large electronegativity and small radius of fluorine atom.",
"title": "Covalent radius of fluorine"
},
{
"docid": "2375338#2",
"text": "Tetrafluoromethane is the product when any carbon compound, including carbon itself, is burned in an atmosphere of fluorine. With hydrocarbons, hydrogen fluoride is a coproduct. It was first reported in 1926. It can also be prepared by the fluorination of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or phosgene with sulfur tetrafluoride. Commercially it is manufactured by the reaction of hydrogen fluoride with dichlorodifluoromethane or chlorotrifluoromethane; it is also produced during the electrolysis of metal fluorides MF, MF using a carbon electrode.",
"title": "Tetrafluoromethane"
},
{
"docid": "763637#0",
"text": "Water fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride to a public water supply to reduce tooth decay. Fluoridated water contains fluoride at a level that is effective for preventing cavities; this can occur naturally or by adding fluoride. Fluoridated water operates on tooth surfaces: in the mouth, it creates low levels of fluoride in saliva, which reduces the rate at which tooth enamel demineralizes and increases the rate at which it remineralizes in the early stages of cavities. Typically a fluoridated compound is added to drinking water, a process that in the U.S. costs an average of about $ per person-year. Defluoridation is needed when the naturally occurring fluoride level exceeds recommended limits. In 2011 the World Health Organization suggested a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L (milligrams per litre), depending on climate, local environment, and other sources of fluoride. Bottled water typically has unknown fluoride levels.\nTooth decay remains a major public health concern in most industrialized countries, affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults. Water fluoridation reduces cavities in children, while efficacy in adults is less clear. A Cochrane review estimates a reduction in cavities when water fluoridation was used by children who had no access to other sources of fluoride to be 35% in baby teeth and 26% in permanent teeth. The evidence quality was poor. Most European countries have experienced substantial declines in tooth decay without its use, however milk and salt fluoridation is widespread. Recent studies suggest that water fluoridation, particularly in industrialized nations, may be unnecessary because topical fluorides (such as in toothpaste) are widely used, and caries rates have become low.\nAlthough fluoridation can cause dental fluorosis, which can alter the appearance of developing teeth or enamel fluorosis, the differences are mild and usually not considered to be of aesthetic or public health concern. There is no clear evidence of other adverse effects from water fluoridation. Fluoride's effects depend on the total daily intake of fluoride from all sources. Drinking water is typically the largest source; other methods of fluoride therapy include fluoridation of toothpaste, salt, and milk. The views on the most efficient method for community prevention of tooth decay are mixed. The Australian government states that water fluoridation is the most effective way to achieve fluoride exposure that is community-wide. The World Health Organization reports that water fluoridation, when feasible and culturally acceptable, has substantial advantages, especially for subgroups at high risk, while the European Commission finds no benefit to water fluoridation compared with topical use.\nPublic water fluoridation was first practiced in the U.S. As of 2012, 25 countries have artificial water fluoridation to varying degrees, 11 of them have more than 50% of their population drinking fluoridated water. A further 28 countries have water that is naturally fluoridated, though in many of them the fluoride is above the optimal level. As of 2012, about 435 million people worldwide received water fluoridated at the recommended level (i.e., about 5.4% of the global population). About 214 million of them living in the United States. Major health organizations such as the World Health Organization and FDI World Dental Federation supported water fluoridation as safe and effective. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists water fluoridation as one of the ten great public health achievements of the 20th century in the U.S. Despite this, the practice is controversial as a public health measure. Some countries and communities have discontinued fluoridation, while others have expanded it. Opponents of the practice argue that neither the benefits nor the risks have been studied adequately, and debate the conflict between what might be considered mass medication and individual liberties.",
"title": "Water fluoridation"
},
{
"docid": "763637#1",
"text": "The goal of water fluoridation is to prevent tooth decay by adjusting the concentration of fluoride in public water supplies. Tooth decay (dental caries) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. Although it is rarely life-threatening, tooth decay can cause pain and impair eating, speaking, facial appearance, and acceptance into society, and it greatly affects the quality of life of children, particularly those of low socioeconomic status. In most industrialized countries, tooth decay affects 60–90% of schoolchildren and the vast majority of adults; although the problem appears to be less in Africa's developing countries, it is expected to increase in several countries there because of changing diet and inadequate fluoride exposure. In the U.S., minorities and the poor both have higher rates of decayed and missing teeth, and their children have less dental care. Once a cavity occurs, the tooth's fate is that of repeated restorations, with estimates for the median life of an amalgam tooth filling ranging from 9 to 14 years. Oral disease is the fourth most expensive disease to treat. The motivation for fluoridation of salt or water is similar to that of iodized salt for the prevention of congenital hypothyroidism and goiter.",
"title": "Water fluoridation"
}
] |
[
0.08927980810403824,
0.5628458857536316,
-0.1692911833524704,
0.200347900390625,
-0.1291046142578125,
0.11485036462545395,
0.3470967710018158,
-0.20534706115722656,
0.3828328549861908,
0.2708841860294342,
-0.62591552734375,
-0.11926651000976562,
-0.42144775390625,
0.3164164125919342,
0.0012569427490234375,
0.015179951675236225,
0.54669189453125,
0.3228352963924408,
-0.14395904541015625,
0.05180104449391365,
0.3025919497013092,
0.49224853515625,
-0.09544690698385239,
0.3359171450138092,
0.0356547050178051,
-0.017176389694213867,
-0.2164967805147171,
0.5633952021598816,
0.09900792688131332,
0.215972900390625,
0.2743123471736908,
-0.2839151918888092,
0.04639720916748047,
0.2890726625919342,
-0.40594482421875,
0.3196614682674408,
-0.017787298187613487,
-0.09288152307271957,
-0.04978752136230469,
0.3505757749080658,
-0.33158111572265625,
0.07558759301900864,
0.5957844853401184,
-0.0023966629523783922,
0.2594960629940033,
0.1482086181640625,
0.2724456787109375,
-0.21490478515625,
-0.41522979736328125,
0.012569745071232319,
-0.3976542055606842,
-0.04846954345703125,
0.026395639404654503,
-0.13595962524414062,
-0.2087860107421875,
0.18176014721393585,
-0.3827718198299408,
0.8142496943473816,
0.3062489926815033,
-0.1822662353515625,
0.1775309294462204,
0.10684490203857422,
-0.05866749957203865,
-0.015593846328556538,
0.1648203581571579,
0.47869873046875,
0.037034351378679276,
0.2166900634765625,
0.05573272705078125,
0.2756754457950592,
0.18380959331989288,
0.2708040773868561,
0.4214681088924408,
-0.19063059985637665,
0.04189809039235115,
-0.03839842602610588,
-0.11041513830423355,
0.30529117584228516,
0.031055131927132607,
-0.48223876953125,
0.57989501953125,
-0.20915985107421875,
-0.06362676620483398,
0.2403818815946579,
0.4707183837890625,
0.3678182065486908,
0.012938380241394043,
0.16827137768268585,
0.10270563513040543,
0.3633626401424408,
0.01770573854446411,
0.0045763649977743626,
0.5518391728401184,
0.17779795825481415,
0.2700042724609375,
0.25308990478515625,
0.004955291748046875,
-0.00980377197265625,
-0.23712158203125,
-0.018316268920898438,
-0.17377598583698273,
-0.285552978515625,
-0.2061055451631546,
0.8524577021598816,
0.3963826596736908,
-0.4150797426700592,
-0.2657826840877533,
0.394744873046875,
0.5012003779411316,
0.4816080629825592,
0.4177042543888092,
0.0927220955491066,
-0.2962392270565033,
-0.6195526123046875,
0.07140985876321793,
-0.06768798828125,
-0.027792612090706825,
-0.62567138671875,
-0.532257080078125,
-0.71771240234375,
0.6846923828125,
0.4416097104549408,
-0.32000732421875,
-0.4326883852481842,
0.24943415820598602,
-0.5154927372932434,
0.5799153447151184,
-0.035839397460222244,
0.785888671875,
0.7566325068473816,
0.3860893249511719,
0.2130279541015625,
0.4423421323299408,
0.6566162109375,
0.006225267890840769,
0.3934071958065033,
0.06483491510152817,
-0.2911376953125,
0.2394510954618454,
-0.2482859343290329,
-0.24353790283203125,
-0.17896206676959991,
0.2515360414981842,
0.7708333134651184,
-0.17229001224040985,
0.1985066682100296,
-0.025153478607535362,
0.3252461850643158,
-0.012618382461369038,
0.014476140029728413,
0.2148640900850296,
0.6297200322151184,
-0.120330810546875,
0.64697265625,
0.0056393942795693874,
0.07616996765136719,
0.25531134009361267,
-0.06682205200195312,
0.011780738830566406,
-0.2500711977481842,
0.7631022334098816,
0.3932291567325592,
0.31097412109375,
-0.04596741870045662,
0.3786112368106842,
-0.034981172531843185,
-0.07994810491800308,
0.5583699345588684,
0.5050252079963684,
-0.15903472900390625,
-0.008749008178710938,
-0.05913098528981209,
-0.15985362231731415,
-0.2667032778263092,
-0.03835539147257805,
0.09411367028951645,
-0.16596730053424835,
0.044406015425920486,
-0.15721766650676727,
0.20294952392578125,
0.00919977854937315,
0.11556211858987808,
-0.12789440155029297,
-0.22088623046875,
0.5573933720588684,
0.17582957446575165,
0.3182373046875,
-0.21813710033893585,
-0.3020223081111908,
0.2616424560546875,
0.12839381396770477,
-0.17443592846393585,
0.4650675356388092,
-0.2429606169462204,
-0.19889099895954132,
-0.280059814453125,
-0.1875559538602829,
0.2499796599149704,
0.037245433777570724,
0.247161865234375,
-0.1000925675034523,
0.369720458984375,
-0.1301097869873047,
0.09311167150735855,
0.66943359375,
-0.4177754819393158,
0.17057673633098602,
0.3863423764705658,
-0.17062759399414062,
0.1636810302734375,
-0.19973833858966827,
0.2345479279756546,
0.5128377079963684,
0.06718190759420395,
-0.1135050430893898,
-0.200042724609375,
0.3128255307674408,
-0.1728755235671997,
0.35760498046875,
-0.13591067492961884,
-0.3635050356388092,
0.3942464292049408,
-0.019207000732421875,
0.16602008044719696,
-0.09735870361328125,
-0.3001658022403717,
-0.047786712646484375,
-0.2497660368680954,
0.16447894275188446,
0.161895751953125,
0.2317657470703125,
0.0791727676987648,
0.06522369384765625,
0.010518391616642475,
0.1888529509305954,
0.2542470395565033,
0.7647705078125,
0.07034587860107422,
0.019610723480582237,
-0.2730522155761719,
0.460052490234375,
0.2402598112821579,
-0.1887919157743454,
0.1534423828125,
0.4441324770450592,
-0.448089599609375,
0.1709238737821579,
-0.3644663393497467,
-0.3112996518611908,
-0.10876592248678207,
0.0716307982802391,
0.05142275616526604,
0.24777857959270477,
0.5308837890625,
-0.2780100405216217,
0.14724986255168915,
0.4888102114200592,
0.2783915102481842,
0.1521250456571579,
0.08976110070943832,
-0.009206135757267475,
0.16271717846393585,
0.5954996943473816,
0.5089924931526184,
-0.0629180297255516,
-0.04615847393870354,
-0.045368511229753494,
0.3193308413028717,
0.340301513671875,
0.2567240297794342,
0.1107076033949852,
-0.2170206755399704,
-0.12352117151021957,
0.28340402245521545,
-0.2263285368680954,
0.0459492988884449,
-0.1954701691865921,
0.1004435196518898,
-0.3509623110294342,
0.0496571846306324,
0.3045247495174408,
-0.344711035490036,
-0.3495890200138092,
0.22566477954387665,
0.13109208643436432,
-0.07241121679544449,
0.23806507885456085,
-0.3651326596736908,
0.10046466439962387,
0.06845855712890625,
0.4723307192325592,
0.4354248046875,
0.00426038121804595,
-0.1498260498046875,
0.1223297119140625,
-0.18081028759479523,
0.4095662534236908,
-0.28786754608154297,
-0.05180931091308594,
-0.18782806396484375,
0.50018310546875,
-0.3549601137638092,
0.08284759521484375,
0.64239501953125,
-0.2060139924287796,
-0.1558888703584671,
-0.28307342529296875,
0.22646331787109375,
0.1842198371887207,
0.4894612729549408,
0.8255208134651184,
-0.5983479619026184,
-0.4482828676700592,
0.5989176630973816,
0.0340830497443676,
0.468414306640625,
0.13975270092487335,
0.2641042172908783,
0.54742431640625,
0.12106164544820786,
-0.14253871142864227,
-0.08522354811429977,
-0.2954660952091217,
0.09250084310770035,
0.285797119140625,
-0.28193792700767517,
-0.10358428955078125,
-0.07901191711425781,
0.2584571838378906,
-0.024312973022460938,
0.4882049560546875,
0.3831787109375,
-0.20789337158203125,
-0.3485495150089264,
-0.3017679750919342,
0.11450958251953125,
0.3700612485408783,
0.4936116635799408,
0.02308090589940548,
0.11446380615234375,
-0.02110799215734005,
-0.14920298755168915,
-0.19963645935058594,
0.154449462890625,
-0.1521962434053421,
0.04783892631530762,
0.24374699592590332,
-0.00010975202167173848,
-0.1870625764131546,
0.1528727263212204,
-0.12738291919231415,
-0.18964894115924835,
-0.005218823906034231,
-0.2804819643497467,
0.06343206018209457,
-0.00548553466796875,
0.4269002377986908,
0.4274444580078125,
0.33917236328125,
-0.1377054899930954,
0.3895060122013092,
0.031075796112418175,
0.3393351137638092,
0.212677001953125,
0.2712809145450592,
0.6705729365348816,
-0.277191162109375,
-0.14627711474895477,
-0.07471275329589844,
0.3778482973575592,
-0.0052388510666787624,
-0.0374298095703125,
0.3222249448299408,
-0.057463645935058594,
-0.2820873260498047,
0.15478515625,
0.09460866451263428,
0.5725504755973816,
0.6128947138786316,
0.14068603515625,
0.3249918520450592,
0.4779459536075592,
0.3715108335018158,
-0.08659616857767105,
0.2079315185546875,
0.40087890625,
-0.2764333188533783,
0.4126383364200592,
0.2867024838924408,
-0.1752573698759079,
-0.168365478515625,
0.07692718505859375,
-0.13387298583984375,
0.05443239212036133,
-0.873291015625,
-0.19196827709674835,
-0.40240478515625,
0.6047566533088684,
0.12280845642089844,
0.14866256713867188,
0.06695111840963364,
0.15326690673828125,
0.164703369140625,
0.25799560546875,
4.2451171875,
0.06321907043457031,
0.29595947265625,
0.416961669921875,
-0.016325553879141808,
0.046760160475969315,
0.42877197265625,
-0.4084676206111908,
0.1911265105009079,
-0.2557271420955658,
0.14647047221660614,
-0.14100711047649384,
-0.18612544238567352,
0.0007998148794285953,
0.0613250732421875,
0.00017913182091433555,
0.014818509109318256,
0.0625203475356102,
0.1816965788602829,
0.1918436735868454,
-0.2145029753446579,
0.3816967010498047,
-0.04605420306324959,
0.061266619712114334,
-0.08468500524759293,
0.021596193313598633,
0.333038330078125,
0.0650126114487648,
0.14166896045207977,
0.2760263979434967,
0.3601277768611908,
0.027093887329101562,
-0.09411239624023438,
-0.10372034460306168,
-0.5910441279411316,
0.4532063901424408,
0.11024729162454605,
0.20047855377197266,
0.12888479232788086,
-0.13399505615234375,
-0.0282414760440588,
-0.026607831940054893,
0.642913818359375,
0.1641693115234375,
0.6295674443244934,
-0.279327392578125,
-0.36088308691978455,
0.4291178286075592,
0.13326136767864227,
0.3539997637271881,
0.6631876826286316,
-0.0053507485426962376,
-0.09513600915670395,
-0.151397705078125,
0.3217061460018158,
0.4624430239200592,
0.32489013671875,
0.5182291865348816,
-0.11096986383199692,
0.52557373046875,
-0.0860494002699852,
-0.1468404084444046,
0.011198043823242188,
-0.08334764093160629,
-0.226287841796875,
-0.123931884765625,
0.2365163117647171,
0.3720703125,
0.6049397587776184,
-0.009050369262695312,
0.4613901674747467,
0.52001953125,
0.4861653745174408,
-0.08770624548196793,
0.05407460406422615,
0.06764761358499527,
-0.36114501953125,
-0.2744547426700592,
-0.08023770898580551,
0.16717784106731415,
-0.14645512402057648,
-0.4984130859375,
0.04878997802734375,
0.1899464875459671,
-0.008242289535701275,
0.4447225034236908,
0.0574849434196949,
0.17323939502239227,
0.4847615659236908,
-0.17793147265911102,
0.2990010678768158,
0.4079742431640625,
0.06678644567728043,
-0.019765853881835938,
0.416351318359375,
0.2236582487821579,
-0.4633585512638092,
-3.8994140625,
0.267730712890625,
0.1527455598115921,
-0.286773681640625,
-0.1806437224149704,
0.2365977019071579,
0.13029225170612335,
0.28875732421875,
-0.1856943815946579,
0.36907958984375,
0.12641780078411102,
0.024865468963980675,
-0.07799848169088364,
0.9331461787223816,
0.08881887048482895,
0.06532605737447739,
0.16796875,
0.253692626953125,
-0.050296466797590256,
-0.3023885190486908,
-0.0574239082634449,
-0.48193359375,
0.3154500424861908,
-0.4231770932674408,
0.023385047912597656,
-0.17956607043743134,
-0.055807750672101974,
-0.2809956967830658,
0.0269775390625,
-0.06505584716796875,
-0.4434814453125,
-0.17940552532672882,
0.6638590693473816,
-0.3715616762638092,
-0.3162841796875,
0.4066365659236908,
0.6333211064338684,
-0.004203160759061575,
0.697998046875,
-0.0190277099609375,
-0.3591206967830658,
-0.35791015625,
0.3146158754825592,
0.310211181640625,
0.2932535707950592,
0.3725382387638092,
-0.4286905825138092,
0.3367919921875,
-0.506103515625,
0.08008817583322525,
0.313232421875,
0.5116373896598816,
-0.10009735822677612,
0.2305501252412796,
0.4400431215763092,
0.2710062563419342,
-0.3010965883731842,
0.246368408203125,
0.1334439069032669,
0.3877156674861908,
0.30029296875,
-0.1892293244600296,
0.08983612060546875,
0.042450111359357834,
-0.0267969761043787,
0.3163350522518158,
-0.3376566469669342,
0.4002889096736908,
-0.12629826366901398,
-0.18988482654094696,
0.02633158303797245,
0.14434687793254852,
-0.0902109146118164,
-0.3825327455997467,
0.2588857114315033,
0.3208109438419342,
0.009088833816349506,
-0.1850992888212204,
0.3998921811580658,
0.11686293035745621,
-0.06668027490377426,
-0.22463607788085938,
-0.4744466245174408,
0.04065195843577385,
2.1768391132354736,
0.166595458984375,
2.254638671875,
0.3571624755859375,
0.14908218383789062,
0.52703857421875,
0.08264192193746567,
-0.18027622997760773,
0.371002197265625,
-0.018494287505745888,
0.0826670303940773,
0.00128173828125,
-0.14266712963581085,
0.464447021484375,
-0.4087117612361908,
-0.08257802575826645,
0.0351405143737793,
-0.74688720703125,
0.2250823974609375,
-0.6855265498161316,
-0.0516408272087574,
0.4574178159236908,
-0.3877156674861908,
0.0995432510972023,
0.36844635009765625,
-0.2354532927274704,
-0.27163442969322205,
0.278778076171875,
-0.1280527114868164,
-0.624267578125,
-0.07670656591653824,
0.2839559018611908,
0.4248860776424408,
-0.3304952085018158,
0.14695613086223602,
0.5380656123161316,
0.006800651550292969,
4.693685054779053,
0.36848512291908264,
-0.06829134374856949,
-0.04597683623433113,
0.3862203061580658,
0.2716827392578125,
0.396728515625,
-0.07227643579244614,
0.09586969763040543,
0.3193359375,
0.027619043365120888,
0.3524576723575592,
0.2679646909236908,
-0.21192312240600586,
0.12441253662109375,
-0.0994720458984375,
0.1214192733168602,
0.279510498046875,
-0.061616260558366776,
0.2735951840877533,
0.12725830078125,
-0.05015373229980469,
0.5664469599723816,
0.05714194104075432,
0.07357534021139145,
0.32696533203125,
0.06691932678222656,
-0.1751694679260254,
0.0076929726637899876,
0.1790568083524704,
0.4169464111328125,
5.391275882720947,
-0.0398763008415699,
0.2082672119140625,
-0.2484537810087204,
-0.06455544382333755,
0.3022664487361908,
-0.10635248571634293,
0.0588429756462574,
-0.189971923828125,
-0.1253000944852829,
0.052328746765851974,
0.22188568115234375,
-0.13965702056884766,
0.2664388120174408,
-0.20628054440021515,
0.5690714716911316,
-0.1522877961397171,
-0.18158404529094696,
-0.004180908203125,
-0.2207133024930954,
0.4612223207950592,
0.23268063366413116,
0.2150777131319046,
-0.1625773161649704,
-0.40547943115234375,
0.22519683837890625,
-0.11886914819478989,
0.2764485776424408,
-0.3686726987361908,
0.0002765655517578125,
0.3943277895450592,
0.3091786801815033,
0.1454130858182907,
0.1614329069852829,
0.020089467987418175,
0.15009815990924835,
0.224639892578125,
0.07353973388671875,
0.25364017486572266,
0.00665283203125,
0.2064158171415329,
0.5246785283088684,
-0.1659088134765625,
-0.21707980334758759,
0.303741455078125,
-0.034916240721940994,
0.05513763427734375,
-0.2409261018037796,
0.1976826936006546,
-0.23919677734375,
-0.06991132348775864,
0.08180633932352066,
0.8724365234375,
0.0356903076171875,
-0.1698169708251953,
0.2552744448184967,
0.055912017822265625,
0.17572848498821259,
0.1792755126953125,
-0.023546695709228516,
0.4677174985408783,
0.13790194690227509,
0.009065111167728901,
0.4906412661075592,
0.5733845829963684,
0.7387288212776184,
0.4125773012638092,
0.2345225065946579,
0.51446533203125,
-0.024600347504019737,
0.1970621794462204,
0.5292866826057434,
-0.1115926131606102,
0.2066752165555954,
0.07810211181640625,
-0.318115234375,
0.31103262305259705,
-0.13838069140911102,
0.11683972924947739,
-0.1734822541475296,
-0.11743291467428207,
-0.10838063806295395,
-0.24810791015625,
-0.2248350828886032,
-0.128692626953125,
-0.47589111328125,
-0.1134897843003273,
0.09461656957864761,
0.08883412927389145,
-0.006156603340059519,
0.48046875,
-0.06662163883447647,
-0.009455204010009766,
-0.0193812046200037,
-0.62725830078125,
-0.3470458984375,
0.12128639221191406,
0.192474365234375,
-0.436279296875,
0.3575541079044342,
-0.059234619140625,
0.020620981231331825,
0.10045814514160156,
-0.07719802856445312,
0.205474853515625,
-0.33709716796875,
-0.018788814544677734,
0.09700775146484375,
0.03255462646484375,
-0.0031553904991596937,
0.5273030400276184,
0.3522847592830658,
-0.5530192255973816,
-0.12269242852926254,
-0.1516704559326172
] |
2124
|
When was the book Ceremony published?
|
[
{
"docid": "49217062#5",
"text": "In January 2016, \"Ceremony\", his third book, was published featuring a project he worked on in 2006 photographing the ceremonial troops of the British Army. McLellan documented the ceremonial soldiers of the British Army with their full support for a feature in \"Arena Homme Plus\" magazine (Issue 26, Winter/Spring 06/07). The images capture the soldiers as part of the famous Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, and also off duty grooming their horses, prepping their uniforms, and at ease in their barracks. \"Ceremony\" is a document of both the ceremonial side of the British Army, and also the incredible discipline required to maintain its powerful and cherished traditions. Proceeds from the book will be donated to ABF - The Soldiers' Charity.",
"title": "Alasdair McLellan"
},
{
"docid": "33915255#0",
"text": "Ceremony is a novel by Native American writer Leslie Marmon Silko, first published by Penguin in March 1977. The title \"Ceremony\" is based upon the oral traditions and ceremonial practices of the Navajo and Pueblo people.",
"title": "Ceremony (Silko novel)"
},
{
"docid": "363720#12",
"text": "Leslie Marmon Silko's novel \"Ceremony\" was first published by Penguin in March 1977 to much critical acclaim.",
"title": "Leslie Marmon Silko"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "2247725#9",
"text": "In 1984 Klein published the novel \"The Ceremonies\", which uses the same basic plot as the novella to more expansive ends; the threat this time is not to one man or one community, but to the entire world. \"The Ceremonies\" takes up and elaborates upon some of the mysteries of Arthur Machen's story \"The White People\" and is called \"a modern classic\" in an essay by Thomas F. Monteleone in the book \"Horror: 100 Best Books\". \"The Ceremonies\" is described by Stephen King as \"Wonderful, exciting and suspenseful, full of tension and a sense of deep brooding mystery\", \"the most exciting novel in the field to come along since Straub's \"Ghost Story\"\". A revised edition was published by PS Publishing in 2017.",
"title": "T. E. D. Klein"
},
{
"docid": "12750843#0",
"text": "The Book of Ceremonial Magic by Arthur Edward Waite was originally called The Book of Black Magic and of Pacts. It was first published in a limited run in 1898, and distributed more widely under the title \"The Book of Ceremonial Magic\" in 1910. It is an attempt to document various famous grimoires, explain the history behind them (refuting many of the legends surrounding them), discuss the theology contained therein (e.g. raising the question why good angels would be summoned to kill an enemy), and to synthesize many famous grimoires into one system.",
"title": "The Book of Ceremonial Magic"
},
{
"docid": "43136635#8",
"text": "In 2012, Miller was an editor of \"Opening Ceremony\", a monograph on the fashion brand and retailer, published in 2012 with Rizzoli. Julie Schumacher and Rory Satran were also editors of the book, with Opening Ceremony’s founders Carol Lim and Humberto Leon as authors and additional contributions from Spike Jonze and Chloë Sevigny. \"Opening Ceremony\" chronicled the first 10 years of the store’s history through advertising imagery, private snapshots, quotes and anecdotes.",
"title": "Ken Miller (curator)"
},
{
"docid": "23604719#4",
"text": "In terms of sales, the book was a commercial success, it spent fifteen weeks on the \"New York Times\" best-seller list. As of May 1994, over 500,000 copies were printed and the book was published in England, Germany and Bulgaria.",
"title": "Secret Ceremonies"
},
{
"docid": "418589#4",
"text": "In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the novella was first published. Each year links to the corresponding \"year in literature\". Entries with a blue background have won the award; those with a white background are the nominees on the short-list. If the novella was originally published in a book with other stories rather than by itself or in a magazine, the book title is included after the publisher's name.",
"title": "Hugo Award for Best Novella"
},
{
"docid": "14046416#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). Other names in common use include trimethyllysine alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML-alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase, TML hydroxylase, 6-N,6-N,6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, and (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme participates in lysine degradation and L-carnitine biosynthesis and requires the presence of iron and ascorbate.",
"title": "Trimethyllysine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "418595#4",
"text": "In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the novelette was first published. Each year links to the corresponding \"year in literature\". Entries with a blue background have won the award; those with a white background are the nominees on the short-list. If the novelette was originally published in a book with other stories rather than by itself or in a magazine, the book title is included after the publisher's name.",
"title": "Hugo Award for Best Novelette"
}
] |
[
0.17538663744926453,
0.3568250834941864,
0.123443603515625,
0.2354058176279068,
0.0368669293820858,
0.2008463591337204,
0.476806640625,
-0.3378635048866272,
0.1089596226811409,
0.2267320454120636,
-0.2104288786649704,
-0.1490376740694046,
-0.5422905683517456,
0.6872422695159912,
-0.3962673544883728,
-0.01773918978869915,
0.1518927663564682,
-0.2521430253982544,
-0.028292762115597725,
0.3977593183517456,
-0.3830430805683136,
0.2444254606962204,
0.0349087193608284,
0.0018022325821220875,
-0.5368381142616272,
-0.0321536585688591,
-0.048492006957530975,
0.3964572548866272,
-0.3454047441482544,
0.2811957597732544,
0.7074652910232544,
-0.01696014404296875,
-0.1512247771024704,
0.1527625173330307,
-0.2405056357383728,
0.235107421875,
-0.2040913850069046,
0.3238525390625,
0.0577833391726017,
-0.09452056884765625,
0.07523748278617859,
0.3650444746017456,
0.6389702558517456,
-0.0332658551633358,
0.2234157919883728,
0.1896430104970932,
-0.1763119101524353,
0.16546545922756195,
0.2359686940908432,
0.6619465947151184,
-0.5890299677848816,
-0.1051907017827034,
0.00890519842505455,
0.019534217193722725,
-0.9210612177848816,
0.2528347373008728,
-0.32574716210365295,
0.3696153461933136,
0.35791015625,
0.1841973215341568,
0.3309868574142456,
0.2548963725566864,
0.0544908307492733,
-0.3031955361366272,
0.1782362163066864,
0.2754855751991272,
0.1660563200712204,
0.2675510048866272,
-0.175445556640625,
0.0342254638671875,
0.1274821013212204,
0.413818359375,
0.2677815854549408,
-0.2487114816904068,
-0.2014702707529068,
-0.0878228098154068,
0.1293555349111557,
0.1139594167470932,
-0.1227484792470932,
-0.1004706472158432,
0.150848388671875,
-0.1321851909160614,
0.11599159240722656,
0.0678541362285614,
-0.2700769603252411,
0.3841417133808136,
-0.02363077737390995,
0.01526472344994545,
0.2855902910232544,
0.5101454257965088,
-0.0718299001455307,
-0.17950439453125,
0.1335483193397522,
-0.0451626256108284,
0.0470377616584301,
0.3304307758808136,
0.2287055104970932,
-0.5010443925857544,
0.11266835778951645,
-0.3935275673866272,
-0.3411051332950592,
-0.4267306923866272,
-0.3049045205116272,
0.2584092915058136,
-0.0800357386469841,
-0.4358724057674408,
-0.4545084536075592,
0.2984415590763092,
0.2376369833946228,
0.4134521484375,
0.0740220844745636,
-0.4194200336933136,
-0.0269453264772892,
0.2267930805683136,
0.46728515625,
0.03003607876598835,
0.3552297055721283,
0.1699625700712204,
-0.3866950273513794,
-0.8568251132965088,
0.70849609375,
0.1632826030254364,
-0.2056816965341568,
0.0357716865837574,
-0.010182698257267475,
0.13368818163871765,
0.6406792402267456,
-0.0465053990483284,
0.6334906816482544,
0.6493055820465088,
-0.475341796875,
0.2988552451133728,
0.384521484375,
0.5177409052848816,
0.6425510048866272,
0.3540581464767456,
-0.130035400390625,
-0.06442684680223465,
-0.5667046308517456,
-0.2569240927696228,
-0.1695014089345932,
0.2495659738779068,
0.0864546000957489,
0.5153944492340088,
0.0343085378408432,
0.0436876080930233,
-0.11309814453125,
0.4195421040058136,
0.1891886442899704,
0.22019916772842407,
0.255096435546875,
0.4472927451133728,
-0.06044260784983635,
0.6318630576133728,
-0.0730539932847023,
0.14276038110256195,
0.2156982421875,
0.13535775244235992,
-0.2172817587852478,
0.3069525957107544,
0.6411404013633728,
0.3392062783241272,
-0.264541357755661,
-0.0792727991938591,
0.3215399980545044,
0.5254991054534912,
-0.1155489832162857,
0.3972846269607544,
0.333740234375,
-0.3310546875,
0.0706973597407341,
0.02340020053088665,
0.4034559428691864,
0.032705917954444885,
0.10903676599264145,
0.3066270649433136,
-0.27515751123428345,
-0.00775909423828125,
0.3687608540058136,
-0.0548107884824276,
0.1385464072227478,
0.0227220319211483,
0.5149196982383728,
0.035065121948719025,
0.8185763955116272,
0.2117241770029068,
0.1220906600356102,
0.1588049978017807,
-0.2834065854549408,
0.3147040605545044,
0.0545806884765625,
-0.3003574013710022,
0.8932834267616272,
-0.1483832448720932,
-0.3476291298866272,
0.2079942524433136,
-0.0282126534730196,
0.3352864682674408,
-0.006351047195494175,
0.1394585520029068,
-0.14606983959674835,
-0.5149468183517456,
-0.7102864384651184,
0.0960371196269989,
0.14190673828125,
-0.3230794370174408,
0.2074534147977829,
0.2640787661075592,
-0.2899712324142456,
0.029321035370230675,
0.013943989761173725,
0.1104176864027977,
0.3846977949142456,
0.6992458701133728,
-0.1448635458946228,
0.3985188901424408,
-0.3608127236366272,
0.2328050434589386,
0.5203857421875,
0.13933223485946655,
-0.1902058869600296,
0.1564059853553772,
0.0883110910654068,
-0.09492847323417664,
0.3038601279258728,
-0.3090277910232544,
-0.00426483154296875,
-0.3349609375,
0.1381327360868454,
0.5976020097732544,
0.5589735507965088,
0.1687282919883728,
0.3434787392616272,
-0.2460191547870636,
0.2074313759803772,
0.4288194477558136,
0.0859459787607193,
-0.03808148577809334,
0.2897135317325592,
-0.16464699804782867,
0.2549777626991272,
0.2393120676279068,
-0.2314453125,
0.2674831748008728,
0.2343716025352478,
-0.4512803852558136,
0.5276692509651184,
0.1911892294883728,
-0.2927652895450592,
0.1311848908662796,
-0.013849894516170025,
-0.030142465606331825,
0.1593950092792511,
0.05280812457203865,
0.08523813635110855,
0.2218560129404068,
0.1993069052696228,
-0.057108983397483826,
-0.2712131142616272,
-0.0300564244389534,
0.053190868347883224,
0.2268591970205307,
0.2432590126991272,
0.4015842080116272,
-0.3327772319316864,
-0.022101931273937225,
0.1852552592754364,
0.4549153745174408,
0.03392050042748451,
0.4055718183517456,
0.9390190839767456,
0.2781846821308136,
0.0071733263321220875,
0.68896484375,
-0.1624772846698761,
-0.16608354449272156,
0.0882670059800148,
0.1016252338886261,
-0.2474195659160614,
0.5591633915901184,
0.3531968891620636,
-0.0426534004509449,
-0.08258628845214844,
0.101318359375,
-0.0790913924574852,
0.6984320878982544,
-0.5855170488357544,
-0.1634589284658432,
-0.2070380300283432,
0.1749233603477478,
0.1843804270029068,
0.4443901777267456,
0.0971611887216568,
0.086944580078125,
-0.12896643579006195,
-0.0914103165268898,
0.03469742834568024,
-0.0761311873793602,
0.4451225996017456,
0.1931372731924057,
0.2379828542470932,
-0.4731716513633728,
0.1633673757314682,
-0.04628923162817955,
0.3782552182674408,
-0.3868408203125,
-0.6792263388633728,
0.011112636886537075,
-0.2189704030752182,
-0.19368447363376617,
0.5245225429534912,
-0.6863064169883728,
-0.0965067520737648,
0.468994140625,
0.4932996928691864,
0.7585720419883728,
0.4147406816482544,
0.3514811098575592,
0.4236382246017456,
-0.012657059356570244,
-0.3486328125,
-0.5463053584098816,
-0.4347602128982544,
-0.0953742116689682,
0.3972439169883728,
-0.3190375566482544,
0.2330186665058136,
-0.5545790195465088,
0.5215114951133728,
-0.3519829511642456,
0.2653842568397522,
0.02962239645421505,
-0.0390353724360466,
0.3259987533092499,
-0.5508897304534912,
0.2645263671875,
0.3960232138633728,
0.6618381142616272,
0.010056178085505962,
-0.34359994530677795,
0.2854817807674408,
-0.06229400634765625,
-0.3943684995174408,
0.2996283769607544,
-0.1327853798866272,
0.3742133378982544,
-0.3484157919883728,
0.3088650107383728,
0.1331142783164978,
0.02875264547765255,
0.3409559428691864,
-0.2807752788066864,
0.10388565063476562,
0.3669094443321228,
-0.3923204243183136,
0.5403374433517456,
0.4053276777267456,
0.4085964560508728,
0.6360676884651184,
-0.21990330517292023,
0.1954684853553772,
0.6355251669883728,
0.6004231572151184,
0.1251508891582489,
0.4282497763633728,
0.1084187850356102,
-0.0886298269033432,
-0.2518276572227478,
0.1185268834233284,
-0.2802056074142456,
0.16403071582317352,
0.4381781816482544,
-0.1301371306180954,
0.1483154296875,
-0.3518202006816864,
-0.1913248747587204,
-0.3554958701133728,
0.25780996680259705,
0.2207166850566864,
0.1084628626704216,
0.5794541835784912,
0.5424262285232544,
0.376220703125,
-0.0825958251953125,
-0.79296875,
-0.10096105188131332,
0.0827433243393898,
0.17140452563762665,
0.2776557207107544,
0.2700466513633728,
0.5751139521598816,
-0.0242029819637537,
0.2311130166053772,
-0.2354600727558136,
0.1678026020526886,
-0.4604763388633728,
-0.3462185263633728,
0.3741861879825592,
0.2119615375995636,
-0.2330084890127182,
0.3409423828125,
0.3035413920879364,
0.4612630307674408,
0.3554009199142456,
4.123263835906982,
0.048009660094976425,
0.3177015483379364,
-0.3752577006816864,
-0.5729709267616272,
0.2121446430683136,
0.3657497763633728,
-0.1221095472574234,
0.1376410573720932,
0.3777669370174408,
-0.26593017578125,
0.1182980015873909,
-0.13492414355278015,
0.2674085795879364,
-0.1657375693321228,
0.4614664614200592,
0.3909233808517456,
-0.021685706451535225,
-0.0655161514878273,
0.4556749165058136,
-0.3915201723575592,
0.4664171040058136,
0.4964192807674408,
0.02944522351026535,
0.569580078125,
-0.1807996928691864,
-0.06068526208400726,
0.27838134765625,
0.5592719316482544,
0.3435872495174408,
0.5356174111366272,
0.035193007439374924,
0.29927995800971985,
0.11916181445121765,
-0.6761067509651184,
0.348388671875,
0.2921278178691864,
0.2126057893037796,
0.3861219584941864,
0.2083536833524704,
-0.2493862509727478,
-0.038973066955804825,
-0.1009131520986557,
0.58935546875,
0.1364033967256546,
-0.1033274307847023,
-0.2971666157245636,
0.3263753354549408,
0.09515603631734848,
-0.0453101247549057,
0.4277208149433136,
-0.2689208984375,
-0.05807770788669586,
0.0627543106675148,
0.04233603924512863,
0.5351291298866272,
0.3876410722732544,
0.5709364414215088,
0.0917799174785614,
-0.484130859375,
0.1204969584941864,
-0.06626807153224945,
0.5920138955116272,
0.0593719482421875,
0.26544189453125,
-0.1896023154258728,
0.0426534004509449,
0.1126929372549057,
-0.18643739819526672,
-0.1545783132314682,
0.3287557065486908,
0.3835991621017456,
-0.1267462819814682,
-0.09478166699409485,
0.2165866494178772,
-0.1055331751704216,
-0.041292402893304825,
-0.3151448667049408,
0.1783345490694046,
0.09181065112352371,
0.3006727397441864,
-0.0180697962641716,
0.0798238143324852,
0.1166280135512352,
0.0033331976737827063,
0.4206814169883728,
0.1212310791015625,
-0.2845865786075592,
0.2353651225566864,
-0.2353651225566864,
0.1732448935508728,
0.4605577290058136,
0.2301567941904068,
0.3425835371017456,
0.048239972442388535,
-0.04647805914282799,
0.20996730029582977,
-3.969183921813965,
0.2705756425857544,
0.1385362446308136,
-0.0888943150639534,
0.0277574323117733,
0.2088080495595932,
0.1684332937002182,
0.2297431081533432,
-0.12361463159322739,
-0.04420895129442215,
0.0334862619638443,
0.13315752148628235,
-0.3268500566482544,
0.2226291298866272,
0.3031141459941864,
-0.017016516998410225,
-0.4329698383808136,
0.1159142404794693,
0.1787448525428772,
-0.04878807067871094,
-0.08181466162204742,
0.0615370012819767,
0.3181830644607544,
-0.1273600310087204,
0.1030171737074852,
-0.0008595784311182797,
0.4560275673866272,
-0.6319444179534912,
-0.0492384172976017,
0.0579494908452034,
-0.1865641325712204,
-0.09669409692287445,
0.3061794638633728,
0.1003689244389534,
0.3794487714767456,
-0.015460544265806675,
0.6854926347732544,
0.1389906108379364,
0.05368953198194504,
0.2487606406211853,
0.0733557790517807,
0.0628153458237648,
0.1792738139629364,
-0.2813585102558136,
0.1426323801279068,
0.3807373046875,
-0.24471156299114227,
-0.3261040449142456,
-0.2050103098154068,
-0.1305050253868103,
0.185455322265625,
0.2031589150428772,
-0.1189507395029068,
-0.0676201730966568,
0.7243923544883728,
-0.2166392058134079,
0.056060791015625,
0.2673475444316864,
0.4118381142616272,
0.2879774272441864,
-0.0222600307315588,
-0.1286231130361557,
0.1874728798866272,
0.07630327343940735,
0.3009033203125,
0.0006270408630371094,
0.3743354082107544,
0.02962239645421505,
0.0514322929084301,
-0.5000830888748169,
0.3152194619178772,
0.6107313632965088,
0.1900634765625,
-0.13984128832817078,
0.0304438266903162,
0.2880723774433136,
-0.0031941730994731188,
0.0694173201918602,
0.3822835385799408,
-0.005947536788880825,
-0.10438357293605804,
-0.058423783630132675,
-0.405029296875,
0.2573648989200592,
2.4606120586395264,
0.3464897871017456,
2.1277127265930176,
0.1317342072725296,
0.3101806640625,
0.08572366833686829,
-0.2414618581533432,
0.4323459267616272,
-0.0099470354616642,
0.4409993588924408,
0.663330078125,
-0.2755533754825592,
0.011532253585755825,
0.3023952841758728,
0.0916459858417511,
-0.2759229838848114,
0.2210761159658432,
-1.2164713144302368,
0.0985785573720932,
-0.0869683176279068,
0.2287462055683136,
0.12004449963569641,
-0.1364237517118454,
0.2624579668045044,
0.4838324785232544,
-0.0791541188955307,
-0.4178466796875,
-0.2807210385799408,
0.438232421875,
-0.3787706196308136,
-0.0821744054555893,
0.1874898225069046,
0.2950303852558136,
0.041449230164289474,
-0.2219034880399704,
0.1965806782245636,
0.1204138845205307,
4.71571159362793,
0.2623833417892456,
0.03567598760128021,
0.3097059428691864,
0.02430216409265995,
0.1656494140625,
0.3907877504825592,
0.1354420930147171,
0.2575547993183136,
0.3675672709941864,
0.3243543803691864,
0.2658827006816864,
-0.0280337855219841,
-0.04131211340427399,
0.14496782422065735,
0.593017578125,
0.1022101491689682,
0.030553393065929413,
0.033505335450172424,
0.4243435263633728,
0.1784227192401886,
0.1872795969247818,
0.1747233122587204,
-0.1907079517841339,
0.4852430522441864,
-0.1461724191904068,
-0.2515326738357544,
-0.04683198034763336,
-0.04447004571557045,
0.02430216409265995,
0.4590114951133728,
5.421875,
0.2125108540058136,
0.04735226184129715,
-0.04781172052025795,
0.5880534052848816,
0.4780815839767456,
-0.0191819928586483,
-0.3717447817325592,
-0.2096049040555954,
-0.03842470422387123,
0.0314483642578125,
-0.23828125,
-0.458251953125,
0.2259877473115921,
-0.209869384765625,
0.06216006726026535,
-0.2863498330116272,
-0.3098008930683136,
-0.0664554163813591,
-0.3132731020450592,
0.34344482421875,
0.0009176466264761984,
0.0903761088848114,
-0.1797349750995636,
-0.3100060224533081,
0.3043687641620636,
0.0980740636587143,
0.5058051347732544,
0.09300676733255386,
-0.0910203754901886,
0.3180609941482544,
0.3518880307674408,
-0.6517469882965088,
0.07272185385227203,
-0.4130045473575592,
0.4325629472732544,
-0.1315833181142807,
0.10829247534275055,
0.14937295019626617,
-0.1443396657705307,
0.1312679648399353,
0.3610433042049408,
-0.0889756977558136,
-0.0018454657401889563,
-0.4003635048866272,
0.0049824183806777,
-0.3466796875,
0.07297176867723465,
-0.3061659038066864,
-0.1633978933095932,
0.1753946989774704,
0.1138220876455307,
0.9304470419883728,
0.4474012553691864,
0.3050672709941864,
0.574462890625,
-0.2605997622013092,
-0.01256646029651165,
-0.1440904438495636,
-0.0839385986328125,
0.3209906816482544,
-0.00736151821911335,
0.03094991110265255,
-0.1830851286649704,
0.059708066284656525,
0.0447014719247818,
0.2031792551279068,
-0.0612470842897892,
0.5154622197151184,
-0.2551405131816864,
-0.2235649973154068,
0.1060197651386261,
-0.0915188267827034,
0.0185987688601017,
-0.1123267263174057,
0.2261522114276886,
0.3851453959941864,
-0.028221607208251953,
-0.0778791606426239,
0.069854736328125,
-0.037982940673828125,
-0.0243996512144804,
0.0497673898935318,
-0.2413533478975296,
0.0131306117400527,
-0.06876712292432785,
-0.09478759765625,
0.1366000771522522,
0.2561289370059967,
0.0983445942401886,
0.2707383930683136,
-0.1386447548866272,
-0.5199381709098816,
0.2742038369178772,
0.2068684846162796,
0.4371202290058136,
0.1262952983379364,
0.2612541913986206,
-0.1017523854970932,
0.2469075471162796,
-0.6783854365348816,
0.2335205078125,
0.06108856201171875,
0.3456895649433136,
0.009594387374818325,
0.1348080039024353,
-0.0394100621342659,
-0.4085015058517456,
0.07144122570753098,
-0.0844930037856102,
0.3477376401424408,
0.0367567278444767,
-0.0230712890625,
0.06562423706054688,
-0.03937191516160965
] |
2125
|
How old was Heinz Steinitz when he died?
|
[
{
"docid": "16938543#3",
"text": "Stein, at the age of 58, died on Monday, October 31, 1994. in the crash of an American Eagle commuter flight 4184 plane near Roselawn, Ind. At his death, Stein was en route to his home in Hartsdale, New York after working on a fund-raising program for underprivileged children at the American Camping Association in Martinsville, Ind.",
"title": "Maurice B. Stein"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "33214758#3",
"text": "Heinz Steinitz died suddenly from a stroke in April 28, 1971, while being fully active in all positions he held at that time.",
"title": "Heinz Steinitz"
},
{
"docid": "167866#37",
"text": "Steinitz lived with a lady named Caroline Golder (born 1846) in the 1860s, and their only daughter Flora was born in 1866. Flora died in 1888 at the age of 21, and Caroline died in 1892. He married his second wife a few years later, and had two children by her. In 1897 he dedicated a pamphlet to the memory of his first wife and their daughter.",
"title": "Wilhelm Steinitz"
},
{
"docid": "182522#16",
"text": "In 1866 Anderssen lost a close match with 30-year-old Wilhelm Steinitz (six wins, eight losses, and no draws; Steinitz won the last two games). Although Steinitz is now known for inventing the positional approach to chess and demonstrating its superiority, the 1866 match was played in the attack-at-all-costs style of the 1850s and 1860s. This is generally seen as the point at which Steinitz succeeded Anderssen as the world's leading active player. Although ideas of a contest for the world championship had been floating around since the 1840s, the 1866 Anderssen–Steinitz match was not defined as being for the world championship, and many were opposed to the claim of such a title while Morphy was retired from chess and still alive. Furthermore, Anderssen remained dominant both in top tournaments and in personal matches against Zukertort until 1871.",
"title": "Adolf Anderssen"
},
{
"docid": "4676846#9",
"text": "Steinitz died on 21 April 1988 at home in his beloved 18th-century cottage in Old Oxted village after a short illness. He was a devout Quaker who held a passionate belief that music could contribute to peace by bridging political divides.",
"title": "Paul Steinitz"
},
{
"docid": "14046279#2",
"text": "This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into each donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is taurine, 2-oxoglutarate:O2 oxidoreductase (sulfite-forming). Other names in common use include 2-aminoethanesulfonate dioxygenase, and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase. This enzyme participates in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. It has 3 cofactors: iron, Ascorbate, and Fe2+.",
"title": "Taurine dioxygenase"
},
{
"docid": "33214758#19",
"text": "Steinitz received support and collaboration for his initiative from colleagues at other Israeli universities and research institutions, from the Israel Oceanographic and Limnology Research (IOLR) and from the German Research Foundation (DFG). The vision of Walter Steinitz was ultimately realized in 1968, five years after he died, when the Marine Biology Laboratory (MBL) of The Hebrew University near Eilat was inaugurated. Launching the laboratory was a peak in the career of Heinz Steinitz as an Israeli zoologist and as an internationally recognized senior marine biologist. He died in 1971 while being the first director of the laboratory; in his honor, the laboratory was renamed The Heinz Steinitz Marine Biology Laboratory.",
"title": "Heinz Steinitz"
},
{
"docid": "37574942#3",
"text": "Spence died of heart failure September 19, 1892, in the home of a friend, John A. Fairchild, on Burlington Avenue near Ninth Street, in today's Westlake district, Los Angeles. He was 59 years old. The September 22 obsequies, which began in the family home on Burlington Avenue, were said to be \"in point of attendance one of the largest ever held in this city\" and the funeral procession to Evergreen Cemetery \"one of the largest ever witnessed.\"",
"title": "Edward Falles Spence"
},
{
"docid": "261243#5",
"text": "On 5 July 2003, he died from multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis while he was out on an excursion for hunting guinea fowl. According to official estimates he was about 58 or 59 years old at the time. He was buried on 12 July in a semi-traditional ceremony at Tsumkwe, next to the grave of his second wife. He had six surviving children.",
"title": "Nǃxau ǂToma"
},
{
"docid": "41901#30",
"text": "On 2 September 2015, Schmidt underwent surgery for a vascular occlusion in his right leg. After initial improvement, his condition worsened again on 8 November, with his doctor saying he \"feared for the worst\". Schmidt died in his Hamburg home on the afternoon of 10 November 2015, aged 96. At the time of his death, he was the longest-lived German Chancellor.\nA state funeral for Schmidt was held on 23 November at the Protestant (Lutheran) St. Michael's Church, Hamburg, where Loki Schmidt's funeral had been held. German Chancellor Angela Merkel, in remarks to mourners, said, \"He will be missed. He was an astute observer and commentator, and it was with good reason that he had a reputation for dependability.\" Others who spoke included former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. Speaking in German, he lauded Schmidt for \"vision and courage\", based on the principles of \"reason, law, peace and faith,\" and said Schmidt had been \"a kind of world conscience.\"",
"title": "Helmut Schmidt"
}
] |
[
0.3971761167049408,
0.20271682739257812,
0.2844136655330658,
-0.010047237388789654,
0.09528287500143051,
0.04709180071949959,
0.2730661928653717,
-0.3492431640625,
0.21451695263385773,
-0.07568255811929703,
-0.35307183861732483,
-0.26285043358802795,
-0.00534375524148345,
0.13101451098918915,
-0.05779870226979256,
-0.2917378842830658,
0.5727946162223816,
0.10626538842916489,
-0.4061279296875,
0.2307027131319046,
-0.2924276888370514,
0.6982014775276184,
-0.2491556853055954,
0.4308268129825592,
0.5419921875,
-0.180389404296875,
-0.28973388671875,
0.3478190004825592,
-0.1492869108915329,
0.48095703125,
0.2828775942325592,
-0.44488525390625,
-0.18419139087200165,
0.2957611083984375,
-0.1105092391371727,
0.53436279296875,
-0.2515462338924408,
0.017148971557617188,
-0.1093648299574852,
-0.09907770156860352,
-0.049719493836164474,
0.322601318359375,
0.25089898705482483,
-0.022073745727539062,
0.05165926739573479,
0.21097314357757568,
-0.07851783186197281,
0.255279541015625,
0.2327117919921875,
0.04614448547363281,
-0.2092183381319046,
-0.008011817932128906,
-0.009165048599243164,
-0.1889801025390625,
-0.3607228696346283,
0.7631428837776184,
0.1680094450712204,
0.44482421875,
-0.1255909651517868,
0.12099456787109375,
0.0029943783301860094,
0.13401539623737335,
-0.4757893979549408,
-0.027063369750976562,
0.4478352963924408,
0.04935455322265625,
-0.1523030549287796,
0.2685648500919342,
0.8715006709098816,
0.2717691957950592,
-0.16852061450481415,
0.21124267578125,
0.5029703974723816,
0.0036481220740824938,
-0.0055287680588662624,
-0.030814489349722862,
0.06737041473388672,
0.12572097778320312,
0.2814432680606842,
-0.1512400358915329,
0.5327351689338684,
-0.18975830078125,
0.047662097960710526,
0.5016886591911316,
-0.2928873598575592,
0.4841512143611908,
-0.12572352588176727,
0.1656373292207718,
0.331756591796875,
0.5208536982536316,
0.3252054750919342,
0.1438395231962204,
-0.11916732788085938,
0.1803639680147171,
-0.12643687427043915,
0.4166463315486908,
0.4872029721736908,
-0.4352823793888092,
0.0787862166762352,
-0.5379588007926941,
0.10274934768676758,
-0.15086238086223602,
-0.10053762048482895,
0.4070638120174408,
0.436248779296875,
-0.4642333984375,
-0.13541603088378906,
0.5227457880973816,
0.1060078963637352,
0.0759991779923439,
0.2235005646944046,
0.013579368591308594,
-0.17584228515625,
0.3995513916015625,
0.1892903596162796,
0.32159423828125,
0.27386221289634705,
-0.1718292236328125,
-0.32989501953125,
-0.5277506709098816,
0.3242085874080658,
0.4009602963924408,
-0.1927897185087204,
-0.047113221138715744,
-0.2424570769071579,
-0.3043365478515625,
0.5445353388786316,
-0.1673380583524704,
0.6468098759651184,
-0.17672379314899445,
0.173980712890625,
-0.09057363122701645,
0.3087361752986908,
0.6334025263786316,
0.29899442195892334,
0.08727391809225082,
-0.01903533935546875,
-0.35308837890625,
-0.017237186431884766,
-0.17040379345417023,
0.10206349939107895,
0.09067884832620621,
-0.002155303955078125,
0.3033638000488281,
-0.004968842025846243,
0.1464487761259079,
-0.1928660124540329,
0.10580571740865707,
-0.03764597699046135,
0.5001220703125,
0.1033935546875,
0.04442087933421135,
-0.3151143491268158,
0.330963134765625,
-0.041348617523908615,
0.3592033386230469,
0.7059122920036316,
-0.18251419067382812,
-0.0749918594956398,
0.23903147876262665,
0.7793375849723816,
0.3480326235294342,
-0.016284942626953125,
-0.1206258162856102,
0.1548665314912796,
0.3322957456111908,
-0.3369293212890625,
0.4026590883731842,
0.550537109375,
-0.3266194760799408,
-0.41558837890625,
-0.1977437287569046,
-0.23727576434612274,
-0.2519022524356842,
0.48895263671875,
-0.1389109343290329,
-0.1824391633272171,
0.0288721714168787,
0.2494964599609375,
0.0449879951775074,
0.4510904848575592,
0.07578150182962418,
0.3466084897518158,
-0.014174461364746094,
0.6517741084098816,
0.3181966245174408,
-0.02500152587890625,
-0.3494161069393158,
-0.1891632080078125,
0.4427693784236908,
0.012369473464787006,
0.2187296599149704,
0.5031077265739441,
0.13312731683254242,
0.06921132653951645,
-0.2141825407743454,
-0.036294300109148026,
0.6726481318473816,
-0.07179514318704605,
0.6200358271598816,
-0.13431613147258759,
0.18534024059772491,
-0.2271830290555954,
0.06644439697265625,
0.3601582944393158,
-0.41864290833473206,
-0.10656166076660156,
0.3855082094669342,
-0.07298406213521957,
-0.5844523310661316,
0.08422470092773438,
0.1488485336303711,
0.46368408203125,
0.10157648473978043,
-0.2368316650390625,
0.08935610204935074,
-0.06948217004537582,
0.0867055281996727,
0.48638916015625,
0.21157582104206085,
-0.4022216796875,
0.6292317509651184,
0.04730224609375,
-0.2375895231962204,
0.02927319146692753,
-0.1998952180147171,
-0.4950154721736908,
-0.4870046079158783,
0.055218059569597244,
0.08744557946920395,
0.1747690886259079,
0.06456311792135239,
0.0287602748721838,
-0.1794535368680954,
-0.2515665590763092,
0.1450703889131546,
0.1978556364774704,
-0.023550033569335938,
0.029557546600699425,
0.06625238806009293,
0.46728515625,
-0.048224132508039474,
-0.1905924528837204,
0.1594746857881546,
0.4615071713924408,
0.027805328369140625,
0.7015584111213684,
-0.2615814208984375,
-0.298126220703125,
0.31317138671875,
0.2410786896944046,
-0.5232136845588684,
0.1187235489487648,
0.14668019115924835,
-0.47607421875,
-0.262664794921875,
-0.010218302719295025,
-0.1873912811279297,
0.5621744990348816,
0.06138356402516365,
0.1507568359375,
0.28436279296875,
0.07735411077737808,
0.19297821819782257,
-0.44287109375,
-0.42779541015625,
-0.014127095229923725,
0.4966227114200592,
-0.035002391785383224,
0.3234964907169342,
0.7560628056526184,
-0.21661631762981415,
0.377166748046875,
-0.2930857241153717,
-0.424835205078125,
0.056957561522722244,
0.2068379670381546,
0.15281932055950165,
-0.2331644743680954,
-0.13874053955078125,
0.2896932065486908,
0.10335095971822739,
-0.37994384765625,
-0.026927947998046875,
0.6533406376838684,
0.6069132685661316,
0.10091972351074219,
-0.019206365570425987,
-0.34405517578125,
-0.20989990234375,
0.2801717221736908,
0.6283772587776184,
-0.13863372802734375,
-0.6512654423713684,
-0.07375621795654297,
0.3326416015625,
0.2926889955997467,
-0.04301531985402107,
0.3773396909236908,
0.02949158288538456,
0.39586639404296875,
-0.55267333984375,
0.04097747802734375,
0.19401805102825165,
0.13801169395446777,
-0.4438273012638092,
0.16179434955120087,
0.1091156005859375,
-0.2826944887638092,
0.0973917618393898,
0.07433319091796875,
0.0635630264878273,
-0.3430074155330658,
-0.08410898596048355,
0.5099284052848816,
0.3507448732852936,
0.11103566735982895,
0.4327799379825592,
0.5541788935661316,
-0.05963071063160896,
0.1592578887939453,
-0.402191162109375,
-0.2226104736328125,
-0.3498026430606842,
0.12008921056985855,
-0.22642771899700165,
0.4026997983455658,
0.045169830322265625,
0.7359619140625,
0.0281397495418787,
0.6413777470588684,
-0.10225248336791992,
-0.1208241805434227,
-0.23783111572265625,
0.127340629696846,
0.1967366486787796,
-0.3157196044921875,
0.008136113174259663,
-0.06718476861715317,
0.25830078125,
0.07085800170898438,
-0.16391944885253906,
-0.1107177734375,
0.33551025390625,
0.19220097362995148,
-0.022157827392220497,
0.24175262451171875,
0.10285186767578125,
0.18125660717487335,
-0.2133229523897171,
0.053027790039777756,
-0.07491175085306168,
-0.2144266813993454,
0.1870301514863968,
-0.22376759350299835,
0.1098124161362648,
0.1173349991440773,
0.2753194272518158,
0.11959359049797058,
-0.14963722229003906,
0.0965685248374939,
0.2048543244600296,
0.3699544370174408,
0.1856689453125,
0.0451817512512207,
-0.2550150454044342,
0.05287257954478264,
0.10634485632181168,
0.23328018188476562,
0.294403076171875,
0.2710723876953125,
-0.16641362011432648,
0.11925506591796875,
0.2460835725069046,
-0.6919352412223816,
-0.2542622983455658,
0.015266736038029194,
0.2283732146024704,
0.2124430388212204,
0.3790384829044342,
0.2139180451631546,
0.6458333134651184,
0.4612630307674408,
0.010558764450252056,
-0.6713053584098816,
-0.1886647492647171,
-0.4096476137638092,
-0.02366161346435547,
0.17467498779296875,
-0.17417144775390625,
-0.12462631613016129,
0.11042976379394531,
-0.0951182022690773,
0.14027023315429688,
-0.36075592041015625,
0.08180618286132812,
0.0514933280646801,
0.014722347259521484,
0.378387451171875,
-0.175994873046875,
-0.04355685040354729,
-0.08491770178079605,
0.07689157873392105,
0.1153818741440773,
4.053385257720947,
0.26025390625,
-0.034183502197265625,
-0.1276499480009079,
0.08194860070943832,
0.11462720483541489,
0.3948262631893158,
0.09227975457906723,
-0.14552433788776398,
0.10446421056985855,
-0.2775065004825592,
0.372161865234375,
-0.1845550537109375,
0.462158203125,
-0.18994140625,
0.4376424252986908,
0.3785603940486908,
0.229217529296875,
0.030495325103402138,
0.2236175537109375,
0.008434931747615337,
0.24144108593463898,
0.37353515625,
0.24502818286418915,
0.17372386157512665,
0.1208648681640625,
0.4247334897518158,
0.0013415018329396844,
0.47607421875,
-0.27170053124427795,
0.55633544921875,
-0.06978988647460938,
0.29910025000572205,
-0.11665090173482895,
-0.8772379755973816,
0.145355224609375,
0.4679361879825592,
0.5644124150276184,
-0.09720293432474136,
0.02211507223546505,
-0.3508402407169342,
-0.12619002163410187,
0.0029862720984965563,
0.371826171875,
0.5114949345588684,
-0.3080596923828125,
-0.020016351714730263,
0.43115234375,
0.5070597529411316,
0.07318051904439926,
0.3868815004825592,
-0.3593241274356842,
0.2752278745174408,
-0.51904296875,
0.15505726635456085,
0.44256591796875,
-0.09163379669189453,
0.4806111752986908,
0.08071073144674301,
0.5878499150276184,
-0.028994878754019737,
-0.3394775390625,
0.4471028745174408,
0.223724365234375,
-0.73236083984375,
-0.1887461394071579,
0.17050743103027344,
0.5939534306526184,
-0.14461009204387665,
0.09408187866210938,
0.6450602412223816,
0.4022420346736908,
0.5029703974723816,
-0.30689749121665955,
0.0828704833984375,
0.12824566662311554,
-0.3257967531681061,
-0.028732219710946083,
-0.11428388208150864,
-0.0448404960334301,
0.21041584014892578,
-0.3827311098575592,
-0.15117137134075165,
0.4538777768611908,
0.0005136628751643002,
0.4849446713924408,
-0.0824737548828125,
0.07628122717142105,
0.537353515625,
0.2349904328584671,
0.024310430511832237,
-0.2569834291934967,
0.24824778735637665,
0.13297589123249054,
0.11960665136575699,
0.2607320249080658,
0.3351338803768158,
-3.9830729961395264,
0.14312107861042023,
0.207489013671875,
-0.22853343188762665,
0.176544189453125,
0.05343818664550781,
0.03827889636158943,
0.2304484099149704,
-0.5602620244026184,
0.17288272082805634,
-0.3571726381778717,
0.1490662842988968,
-0.3030599057674408,
0.31319165229797363,
0.4732869565486908,
0.08698272705078125,
-0.3380635678768158,
0.059459686279296875,
-0.1070404052734375,
-0.1492919921875,
-0.2709197998046875,
0.0498148612678051,
0.2538706362247467,
0.17543156445026398,
0.14881815016269684,
-0.0474955253303051,
0.3745218813419342,
-0.15416717529296875,
0.029460271820425987,
0.0597483329474926,
0.2688649594783783,
-0.3330637514591217,
0.6168212890625,
-0.2369181364774704,
0.13266944885253906,
0.56005859375,
0.3889566957950592,
-0.05808480456471443,
0.3150431215763092,
0.5176188349723816,
-0.36810302734375,
0.263397216796875,
0.62335205078125,
0.267120361328125,
0.2500203549861908,
0.2779337465763092,
-0.42507171630859375,
0.165191650390625,
-0.052178699523210526,
0.3612009584903717,
0.23609161376953125,
0.4112955629825592,
-0.23248291015625,
0.26983642578125,
0.3760172426700592,
-0.23577880859375,
0.42340087890625,
-0.19946034252643585,
0.250274658203125,
0.2187144011259079,
0.08227840811014175,
-0.300610214471817,
-0.06512451171875,
-0.2706705629825592,
0.23032696545124054,
0.06078879162669182,
0.318634033203125,
0.3919270932674408,
0.0151125593110919,
-0.1813914030790329,
0.2674001157283783,
0.27111563086509705,
-0.1736774444580078,
0.12378565222024918,
0.058762867003679276,
0.3229827880859375,
0.053073883056640625,
-0.02683512307703495,
0.6231689453125,
0.4424336850643158,
-0.1562703400850296,
0.3090718686580658,
-0.5575968623161316,
0.07130686193704605,
2.3084309101104736,
0.13558197021484375,
2.2230632305145264,
0.139068603515625,
0.1220245361328125,
0.37164306640625,
0.018418630585074425,
0.3323465883731842,
-0.014186541549861431,
0.0525461845099926,
-0.344451904296875,
0.2559153139591217,
0.07617441564798355,
0.2641398012638092,
0.01275761891156435,
-0.2080586701631546,
0.31597900390625,
-0.5761210322380066,
-0.07211049646139145,
-0.30922189354896545,
0.3134969174861908,
-0.0021677017211914062,
0.2386678010225296,
0.0058135986328125,
0.2435709685087204,
-0.11754512786865234,
-0.22856681048870087,
-0.18924713134765625,
0.11127980798482895,
-0.13829295337200165,
0.2131296843290329,
-0.2459869384765625,
0.11923090368509293,
0.04124705120921135,
0.2414347380399704,
-0.22296428680419922,
-0.011714696884155273,
4.681314945220947,
0.6451823115348816,
-0.2909494936466217,
-0.08895301818847656,
0.2791595458984375,
0.11802800744771957,
0.14291763305664062,
0.417083740234375,
0.1567433625459671,
0.05269559100270271,
0.5636799931526184,
-0.018479665741324425,
-0.10383351892232895,
0.1473388671875,
0.3150227963924408,
0.09514236450195312,
0.029931703582406044,
-0.026822784915566444,
0.26681074500083923,
0.15760040283203125,
0.0003264745173510164,
0.4118550717830658,
0.09614435583353043,
-0.266998291015625,
0.2383219450712204,
0.2816976010799408,
0.3640340268611908,
-0.3672892153263092,
0.00138092041015625,
-0.20137278735637665,
0.113189697265625,
5.470052242279053,
-0.04133923724293709,
0.18685150146484375,
-0.2035268098115921,
0.04445330426096916,
-0.012491862289607525,
-0.08754348754882812,
-0.23643429577350616,
-0.2094675749540329,
0.07906468957662582,
0.14878971874713898,
-0.021863937377929688,
-0.03461996838450432,
0.3396199643611908,
-0.028484344482421875,
-0.10423851013183594,
-0.3176676332950592,
0.0596466064453125,
-0.352935791015625,
-0.03847042843699455,
0.5907185673713684,
0.43768310546875,
0.0649963989853859,
-0.5987141728401184,
-0.09437847137451172,
0.1164449080824852,
-0.2155618667602539,
0.07614389806985855,
-0.4265950620174408,
-0.10528866201639175,
0.2513376772403717,
-0.018382230773568153,
-0.16188304126262665,
0.353057861328125,
-0.4403279721736908,
0.2804921567440033,
0.4486083984375,
0.07540146261453629,
0.4713799059391022,
0.2338460236787796,
0.43853759765625,
0.2515780031681061,
-0.34677377343177795,
0.2996317446231842,
0.045869190245866776,
0.138641357421875,
-0.233123779296875,
0.1104482039809227,
-0.2516377866268158,
-0.2858479917049408,
0.06382878869771957,
0.05627806857228279,
1.368896484375,
-0.00039609274244867265,
0.3781941831111908,
0.5371500849723816,
-0.3893025815486908,
0.436279296875,
0.10462474822998047,
-0.378204345703125,
0.352081298828125,
0.2131296843290329,
0.1874440461397171,
0.2985433042049408,
0.3225250244140625,
0.7805989384651184,
0.2779642641544342,
-0.04823334887623787,
0.52288818359375,
-0.0349375419318676,
0.06813907623291016,
0.02475007437169552,
-0.10113397985696793,
0.4912109375,
-0.162139892578125,
0.41645559668540955,
0.027722040191292763,
-0.1801910400390625,
-0.11966069787740707,
-0.16540654003620148,
-0.10538434982299805,
-0.250274658203125,
-0.11086782068014145,
-0.21313190460205078,
-0.16292063891887665,
0.1988169401884079,
0.016054153442382812,
-0.2496541291475296,
0.03335126116871834,
-0.2419789582490921,
0.5603230595588684,
0.3079732358455658,
-0.10422006994485855,
1.0170491933822632,
0.3251698911190033,
0.2912088930606842,
0.5775960087776184,
0.7703043818473816,
-0.11501821130514145,
0.1341298371553421,
-0.2894071042537689,
-0.1869150847196579,
-0.2284189909696579,
0.15172576904296875,
0.31146240234375,
-0.23072433471679688,
0.06630706787109375,
0.0731550082564354,
0.1852366179227829,
0.2455902099609375,
0.2673136293888092,
0.4805908203125,
0.015240986831486225,
-0.2392832487821579,
0.2448272705078125
] |
2129
|
Who coined the term genome?
|
[
{
"docid": "4387948#0",
"text": "Hans Karl Albert Winkler (23 April 1877 – 22 November 1945) was a German botanist. He was Professor of Botany at the University of Hamburg, and a director of that university's Institute of Botany. Winkler coined the term 'heteroploidy' in 1916. He is remembered for coining the term 'genome' in 1920, by making a portmanteau of the words gene and chromosome. He wrote: \nThis may be translated as: \"I propose the expression \"Genom\" for the haploid chromosome set, which, together with the pertinent protoplasm, specifies the material foundations of the species ...\"",
"title": "Hans Winkler"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "48081378#0",
"text": "Genomics is a concept that was first developed by Fred Sanger who first sequenced the complete genome of a virus and of a mitochondrion. The term genomics was first coined in 1986 by Tom Roderick, a geneticist at the Jackson Laboratory in Maine, during a meeting about the mapping of the human genome.",
"title": "Genomic and Medical Data"
},
{
"docid": "55170#2",
"text": "From the Greek ΓΕΝ \"gen\", \"gene\" (gamma, epsilon, nu, epsilon) meaning \"become, create, creation, birth\", and subsequent variants: genealogy, genesis, genetics, genic, genomere, genotype, genus etc.\nWhile the word \"genome\" (from the German \"Genom\", attributed to Hans Winkler) was in use in English as early as 1926, the term \"genomics\" was coined by Tom Roderick, a geneticist at the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine), over beer at a meeting held in Maryland on the mapping of the human genome in 1986.",
"title": "Genomics"
},
{
"docid": "19739045#1",
"text": "Wilkins coined the term proteome in 1994 whilst developing the concept as a PhD student at Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. The term is a generalisation of the concept of the genome to encompass the set of all proteins that can be produced through the genome through alternative splicing and post-transcriptional modification of messenger RNA.",
"title": "Marc Wilkins (geneticist)"
},
{
"docid": "3865332#1",
"text": "In January 2003, Michael Hauser along with fellow researchers at the Duke Center for Human Genetics (CHG) coined the term “genomic convergence” to describe their endeavor to identify genes affecting the expression of Parkinson disease (PD). Their work successfully combined serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) with genetic linkage analysis. The authors explain, “While both linkage and expression analyses are powerful on their own, the number of possible genes they present as candidates for PD or any complex disorder remains extremely large”. The convergence of the two methods allowed researchers to decrease the number of possible PD genes to consider for further study.",
"title": "Genomic convergence"
},
{
"docid": "52038642#6",
"text": "Along his career, Korol has developed in collaboration with colleagues novel approaches for sequence comparisons on the whole genome level (compositional spectra based on fuzzy linguistics). He has coined a new concept of “genome dialect” to demonstrate the above-gene sequence organization and its relationship with the evolution of recombination-repair enzymes. A major scope of this field is to explore genome heterogeneity in main groups of organisms where total genome sequence is available (mammals and vertebrates in general, insects, fungi, plants). Another aspect of this field is to reveal genomic peculiarities associated with evolution at contrasting and extreme environments (e.g. extremophiles vs. mesophiles).",
"title": "Abraham B Korol"
},
{
"docid": "2355052#1",
"text": "The term \"genome size\" is often erroneously attributed to Hinegardner, even in discussions dealing specifically with terminology in this area of research (e.g., Greilhuber, 2005). Notably, Hinegardner used the term only once: in the title. The term actually seems to have first appeared in 1968 when Hinegardner wondered, in the last paragraph of his article, whether \"cellular DNA content does, in fact, reflect genome size\". In this context, \"genome size\" was being used in the sense of genotype to mean the number of genes. In a paper submitted only two months later (in February 1969), Wolf et al. (1969) used the term \"genome size\" throughout and in its present usage; therefore these authors should probably be credited with originating the term in its modern sense. By the early 1970s, \"genome size\" was in common usage with its present definition, probably as a result of its inclusion in Susumu Ohno's influential book \"Evolution by Gene Duplication\", published in 1970.",
"title": "Genome size"
},
{
"docid": "12388#1",
"text": "The term \"genome\" was created in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The Oxford Dictionary suggests the name is a blend of the words \"gene\" and \"chromosome\". However, see omics for a more thorough discussion. A few related \"-ome\" words already existed, such as \"biome\" and \"rhizome\", forming a vocabulary into which \"genome\" fits systematically.",
"title": "Genome"
},
{
"docid": "48675877#1",
"text": "There have been two distinct uses of the term. First, the word Social Genome was used in a letter to the editor submission to Science in response to a seminal article about using big data for social science by King. The letter was published, but the word social genome was edited out of the letter. The original submission states, “A well-integrated federated data system of administrative databases updated on an ongoing basis could hold a collective representation of our society, our social genome.” Kum and others continue to use the word since 2011, with it being defined in a peer reviewed article in 2013. It states “Today there is a constant flow of data into, out of, and between ever-larger and ever-more complex databases about people. Together, these digital traces collectively capture our social genome, the footprints of our society.” In 2014, a vision paper on population informatics was published which further elaborated on the term.",
"title": "Social genome"
},
{
"docid": "11247268#8",
"text": "\"We designed the building from the inside out, not the outside in,” said Loretta H. Cockrum, Foram’s founder, chairman and CEO. “We wanted the most efficient office building ever designed, with no wasted space or wasted energy. This is a building of the future more than a building of the present. A lot of love has gone into that building, and a lot of pride.\"",
"title": "Brickell World Plaza"
}
] |
[
0.4742296040058136,
0.5572645664215088,
-0.1025153249502182,
0.1869981586933136,
0.1806776225566864,
-0.2126803994178772,
0.875,
-0.2587076723575592,
0.005680507980287075,
0.1320088654756546,
-0.2419569194316864,
-0.3037651777267456,
-0.2523328959941864,
-0.009282429702579975,
-0.2666066586971283,
0.035289764404296875,
0.4339464008808136,
-0.3909505307674408,
0.09167692065238953,
0.2222798615694046,
0.2286512553691864,
0.3309326171875,
0.5754665732383728,
0.0823160782456398,
0.3103569746017456,
0.2208319753408432,
-0.0587327741086483,
0.3361409604549408,
0.3989529013633728,
0.2623155415058136,
0.4325629472732544,
-0.021871991455554962,
-0.1171434223651886,
0.280517578125,
-0.4829915463924408,
0.2440863698720932,
0.4784071147441864,
0.0347781702876091,
0.0654517263174057,
0.3685709536075592,
-0.0029730265960097313,
0.2063259482383728,
0.4755045473575592,
-0.0707770437002182,
0.4324001669883728,
0.12814076244831085,
0.1161838099360466,
0.21364593505859375,
-0.20784197747707367,
0.2518581748008728,
-0.5223795771598816,
0.26495361328125,
-0.0740373432636261,
-0.0577969029545784,
-0.5542805790901184,
0.0397830531001091,
-0.0814988911151886,
0.6642252802848816,
-0.0124342180788517,
-0.12049950659275055,
0.1171807199716568,
0.11472193151712418,
0.1913655549287796,
-0.3486599326133728,
0.1743503212928772,
0.2137620747089386,
0.102813720703125,
-0.05086517333984375,
0.0326605886220932,
-0.0076137385331094265,
-0.048311445862054825,
0.4273817241191864,
0.5553656816482544,
-0.03366512805223465,
0.3084987998008728,
-0.045348696410655975,
-0.3113199770450592,
0.3860541582107544,
0.12043264508247375,
-0.0752851665019989,
0.3670111894607544,
-0.05508475750684738,
-0.1099989116191864,
0.5914170742034912,
-0.4409857988357544,
0.3727077841758728,
-0.3045925498008728,
0.3645290732383728,
-0.3409288227558136,
0.4802517294883728,
-0.3269585371017456,
0.1425204873085022,
-0.05337609350681305,
-0.2172868549823761,
-0.1860080361366272,
0.11941570788621902,
0.1288791298866272,
-0.5253092646598816,
0.1938273161649704,
-0.4266764223575592,
0.1982761025428772,
-0.2153862863779068,
-0.3992106020450592,
0.385498046875,
0.2372639924287796,
-0.31982421875,
-0.1796112060546875,
-0.2731560468673706,
0.4310709536075592,
0.3007676899433136,
0.1571112722158432,
-0.1531812846660614,
0.02292717806994915,
-0.2314419150352478,
0.28009033203125,
0.1019270122051239,
0.4767862856388092,
-0.04072168096899986,
-0.1246609166264534,
-0.7463107705116272,
0.1953599750995636,
0.4179958701133728,
-0.3018934428691864,
0.1627061665058136,
-0.039031982421875,
-0.043884702026844025,
0.5108778476715088,
-0.1348385214805603,
0.60400390625,
0.3260633647441864,
0.3572252094745636,
0.06838353723287582,
0.2594774067401886,
0.5572102665901184,
0.3332112729549408,
0.1950700581073761,
0.1310594379901886,
-0.1464046835899353,
0.08573659509420395,
-0.4159885048866272,
-0.2744954526424408,
-0.3328823447227478,
0.3948839008808136,
0.2915123701095581,
-0.2821044921875,
0.2545301616191864,
-0.1869032084941864,
0.510986328125,
-0.01120673306286335,
0.5093044638633728,
0.23394775390625,
0.5916612148284912,
0.17926025390625,
0.3553331196308136,
-0.0489942766726017,
0.3725111186504364,
0.3084038496017456,
0.2636243999004364,
0.0642767995595932,
0.035317737609148026,
0.7775607705116272,
0.3053114116191864,
0.4363064169883728,
-0.2396172434091568,
0.0805596262216568,
-0.2141452431678772,
-0.0153672955930233,
0.028304841369390488,
0.5610893964767456,
-0.4662000834941864,
-0.2960205078125,
-0.1262156218290329,
-0.1542070209980011,
-0.0875515416264534,
0.2253011018037796,
0.27001953125,
0.0561574287712574,
0.06321578472852707,
-0.04038980230689049,
-0.4097764790058136,
0.1126844584941864,
0.1339314728975296,
0.1364203542470932,
0.2150743305683136,
0.4128146767616272,
0.1747775673866272,
-0.0151511300355196,
-0.0863579660654068,
-0.2435980886220932,
0.3270128071308136,
-0.0043576559983193874,
-0.0683525949716568,
0.5199652910232544,
-0.4413520097732544,
0.0440712496638298,
0.2616373598575592,
0.0368313267827034,
0.3618570864200592,
-0.3051113486289978,
0.2150471955537796,
-0.28682878613471985,
-0.0443674735724926,
-0.4696994423866272,
0.06372255831956863,
0.3930392861366272,
-0.4355739951133728,
0.0937635600566864,
-0.2230563759803772,
-0.2847764790058136,
-0.00733100064098835,
0.4297892153263092,
-0.0073343911208212376,
0.0824686661362648,
0.0205391775816679,
-0.4437662661075592,
0.0797966867685318,
0.028120676055550575,
0.3253648579120636,
0.4849853515625,
0.1872965544462204,
-0.1803181916475296,
0.4389377236366272,
-0.2371944785118103,
-0.1683892160654068,
-0.2035997211933136,
-0.2791612446308136,
0.029326120391488075,
-0.25360107421875,
0.1987508088350296,
0.0825381800532341,
0.1273091584444046,
0.2256130576133728,
0.02306623011827469,
-0.1780192106962204,
0.1025034561753273,
0.3968370258808136,
0.2641194760799408,
0.0886077880859375,
0.2395697683095932,
0.0735032856464386,
0.6469997763633728,
0.4888916015625,
-0.1335618793964386,
0.4498833417892456,
0.4490017294883728,
-0.553955078125,
0.4107123613357544,
0.2218288779258728,
-0.289306640625,
-0.05626000463962555,
0.09910593926906586,
-0.3422580361366272,
0.1622890830039978,
-0.035238053649663925,
-0.4141845703125,
0.1859130859375,
0.2445610910654068,
0.1452704519033432,
0.0630425363779068,
-0.0731336772441864,
0.0984632670879364,
0.2872043251991272,
0.5482856035232544,
0.4393717348575592,
-0.2139621376991272,
0.05469512939453125,
0.3574761152267456,
0.5109320878982544,
0.2436048686504364,
0.14867019653320312,
0.5099555253982544,
0.051896411925554276,
0.0814836323261261,
0.2874687910079956,
-0.3677029013633728,
-0.3932427167892456,
0.2011650949716568,
0.5268825888633728,
-0.5818684697151184,
-0.10172441601753235,
0.08748626708984375,
-0.06221601739525795,
-0.4195692241191864,
-0.2506798505783081,
0.1472235769033432,
0.5735948085784912,
0.3562418520450592,
-0.11020660400390625,
0.1337212473154068,
-0.06563059240579605,
-0.08066601306200027,
0.4189453125,
-0.0617947056889534,
-0.2302449494600296,
0.3862575888633728,
0.2373114675283432,
-0.3396402895450592,
-0.2030300498008728,
0.2482638955116272,
0.028037726879119873,
0.6001383662223816,
-0.3994547426700592,
0.2582176923751831,
0.6107856035232544,
0.2646891176700592,
-0.2211642861366272,
-0.062362246215343475,
0.3946668803691864,
-0.2372639924287796,
0.2660726010799408,
0.05023193359375,
-0.3073052167892456,
0.277587890625,
0.21771240234375,
0.4113498330116272,
0.3784349262714386,
0.4754774272441864,
0.0503031425178051,
0.5129665732383728,
0.036705441772937775,
0.02780826948583126,
-0.0989498570561409,
-0.3622775673866272,
-0.2777777910232544,
0.0673149973154068,
-0.1567806601524353,
0.248779296875,
-0.15240478515625,
0.2740071713924408,
0.0800713449716568,
0.537841796875,
-0.1685757040977478,
-0.03731706365942955,
0.020917151123285294,
-0.2781032919883728,
0.3514268696308136,
0.3432871401309967,
0.7097981572151184,
-0.4659983217716217,
-0.0556454136967659,
0.20568424463272095,
-0.033538818359375,
-0.0361345075070858,
0.4431694746017456,
-0.1181064173579216,
0.0291103795170784,
0.0632290318608284,
0.14102427661418915,
-0.00279998779296875,
0.2246636301279068,
0.2879503071308136,
-0.0032188892364501953,
-0.009740193374454975,
0.0156088937073946,
0.277587890625,
0.2515462338924408,
0.4264322817325592,
0.2393934428691864,
0.4445529580116272,
-0.2250095009803772,
0.3544921875,
0.1748318076133728,
0.4256862998008728,
-0.19793574512004852,
0.2434285432100296,
0.3271552324295044,
0.2788628339767456,
0.0999688059091568,
0.2089809775352478,
0.0072996350936591625,
-0.17945776879787445,
0.142303466796875,
0.0055643715895712376,
0.1552937775850296,
-0.3759223222732544,
0.008310954086482525,
0.00910271517932415,
0.4574924111366272,
0.5789930820465088,
-0.0237392857670784,
0.0354665108025074,
0.4697536826133728,
0.3638509213924408,
0.015146996825933456,
-0.1543036550283432,
-0.2116563618183136,
0.060700416564941406,
-0.0761210098862648,
-0.025004280731081963,
-0.1186286062002182,
0.2302381694316864,
-0.13229963183403015,
-0.1447313129901886,
-0.3293050229549408,
0.0377332903444767,
-0.2963188886642456,
0.3424750566482544,
0.3071560263633728,
-0.05285337194800377,
0.0701090469956398,
0.01206122525036335,
0.60498046875,
0.5921766757965088,
0.1225535050034523,
4.29991340637207,
0.0375145822763443,
0.1709221750497818,
-0.4035780131816864,
0.0792982280254364,
0.1993950754404068,
-0.002196735702455044,
-0.12949413061141968,
-0.1152174174785614,
0.0017564562149345875,
-0.185791015625,
0.09112591296434402,
-0.1194678395986557,
0.3870849609375,
-0.0613606758415699,
0.2163204550743103,
0.1914469450712204,
0.3950466513633728,
-0.3311021625995636,
0.4247504472732544,
-0.4754503071308136,
0.5594075322151184,
-0.0034249622840434313,
0.2228969931602478,
0.4019097089767456,
0.1239895299077034,
0.3821851909160614,
0.2641465961933136,
0.0537380650639534,
0.1505211740732193,
0.1886189728975296,
-0.031015979126095772,
-0.021078744903206825,
0.2559272050857544,
-0.6108669638633728,
-0.0923817977309227,
0.4392903745174408,
0.0637766495347023,
0.0110321044921875,
0.2049153596162796,
-0.3863118588924408,
0.11686621606349945,
0.3283827006816864,
0.17523193359375,
0.1395331472158432,
-0.2017754465341568,
-0.0313262939453125,
0.6406792402267456,
-0.08540725708007812,
-0.1975233256816864,
0.3142496645450592,
0.125640869140625,
-0.04720984399318695,
-0.379150390625,
0.2854546308517456,
0.5320095419883728,
-0.1627400666475296,
0.21051025390625,
-0.2550591230392456,
-0.3114420473575592,
-0.4110243022441864,
-0.2935655415058136,
-0.4292806088924408,
0.0532328300178051,
0.0059284633025527,
0.0552147775888443,
0.2675815224647522,
0.4263509213924408,
0.2803819477558136,
-0.0650600865483284,
0.1093410924077034,
0.4343532919883728,
-0.0690205916762352,
-0.3900282084941864,
0.04417186230421066,
-0.4532606303691864,
-0.6056586503982544,
-0.1148817241191864,
0.1321343332529068,
-0.3099636435508728,
0.1199103444814682,
0.04337310791015625,
0.1811252236366272,
0.25537109375,
-0.09548357129096985,
0.4335666298866272,
0.2195468544960022,
-0.4942491352558136,
0.3959147036075592,
0.0539025217294693,
0.3155992329120636,
-0.4871961772441864,
-0.04767269641160965,
-0.0343644879758358,
0.2678782045841217,
-0.2353108674287796,
-0.1767035573720932,
-3.926866292953491,
0.3313259482383728,
0.0897742360830307,
-0.0725385844707489,
0.012920803390443325,
-0.0968797504901886,
0.2372165322303772,
0.4208713173866272,
-0.5611708164215088,
0.2168375700712204,
-0.12495125830173492,
0.3621690571308136,
-0.2317708283662796,
0.4205864667892456,
0.2193196564912796,
0.1820882111787796,
0.59033203125,
0.1627705842256546,
0.04983891546726227,
-0.1378750205039978,
0.2117106169462204,
0.1352064311504364,
0.5504828691482544,
-0.296630859375,
0.1896837055683136,
0.01786295510828495,
0.3639322817325592,
-0.3352593183517456,
0.1935085654258728,
0.1023830845952034,
-0.4292127788066864,
0.011835734359920025,
0.7874348759651184,
-0.2133043110370636,
0.08280648291110992,
0.4185384213924408,
0.5449761152267456,
0.1442769318819046,
0.2190755158662796,
0.6525607705116272,
-0.1615854948759079,
-0.1564042866230011,
0.2948269248008728,
0.1640557199716568,
0.19198226928710938,
0.2712078094482422,
-0.3635796308517456,
0.0467732734978199,
-0.1141357421875,
-0.0719977468252182,
-0.0438351109623909,
0.5567762851715088,
-0.2887098491191864,
-0.0876007080078125,
0.3406168520450592,
-0.2875162661075592,
-0.0537957102060318,
0.1739637553691864,
0.1841328889131546,
0.6346299648284912,
0.2097812294960022,
-0.061712902039289474,
0.3884684145450592,
0.1545138955116272,
0.54443359375,
0.041572146117687225,
0.1568739116191864,
0.5388454794883728,
0.6569553017616272,
-0.34295654296875,
0.2157762348651886,
0.2595282793045044,
0.2826470136642456,
-0.2580837607383728,
0.0618777796626091,
0.0557149238884449,
0.0538143590092659,
-0.2352159321308136,
0.5622829794883728,
0.2063056081533432,
-0.197021484375,
-0.16873592138290405,
-0.3914116621017456,
-0.08651266992092133,
2.534071207046509,
0.5087348222732544,
2.1458332538604736,
0.3136121928691864,
0.2040863037109375,
0.19140625,
-0.1460367888212204,
0.16714732348918915,
-0.0501047782599926,
-0.005397372879087925,
-0.0898861363530159,
0.05811140313744545,
-0.073486328125,
-0.3300102949142456,
-0.3207329511642456,
-0.2577718198299408,
0.3646918535232544,
-1.1586371660232544,
-0.3551839292049408,
-0.06463409960269928,
0.1731906533241272,
-0.10357920080423355,
-0.4449598491191864,
0.3811577558517456,
0.3335639238357544,
-0.2783067524433136,
0.1662055104970932,
0.05413394421339035,
0.2062310129404068,
0.04310183972120285,
0.2734781801700592,
-0.1552513986825943,
0.2845730185508728,
-0.0724317729473114,
0.2538587749004364,
0.1340569406747818,
-0.0497690849006176,
4.673611164093018,
0.2284206748008728,
-0.3620334267616272,
-0.1792534738779068,
0.2508002519607544,
0.4495035707950592,
0.5681694746017456,
-0.3814561665058136,
-0.0397593192756176,
0.5853678584098816,
0.4959445595741272,
0.3286404013633728,
-0.4173719584941864,
-0.26629638671875,
-0.0006663004751317203,
-0.12935978174209595,
-0.1946750283241272,
0.3110893964767456,
0.11806190013885498,
0.22381591796875,
0.0098563302308321,
-0.3217095136642456,
0.6335720419883728,
-0.0245191790163517,
-0.1114061176776886,
0.1405097097158432,
0.2851426899433136,
0.040487077087163925,
-0.0847574844956398,
0.5411784052848816,
-0.1097225621342659,
5.470486164093018,
0.2303263396024704,
0.2599826455116272,
-0.1068183034658432,
-0.14337158203125,
-0.0401289202272892,
-0.3646511435508728,
0.05303022637963295,
-0.2176920622587204,
-0.0946706160902977,
0.1436733603477478,
0.1380988210439682,
-0.2246907502412796,
0.0539059117436409,
0.19814470410346985,
0.4344075620174408,
-0.021368086338043213,
-0.07354291528463364,
0.002933078445494175,
0.02657148614525795,
0.2606065571308136,
0.2998487651348114,
0.4351942241191864,
-0.2433132529258728,
0.1406114399433136,
0.07778040319681168,
-0.3617350161075592,
-0.0388047955930233,
-0.1543409526348114,
-0.2281901091337204,
0.2860243022441864,
0.2217881977558136,
-0.05634816363453865,
0.2724066972732544,
0.19877031445503235,
0.3023817241191864,
0.1372714638710022,
0.09152136743068695,
0.0723402202129364,
-0.1090901717543602,
0.4522298276424408,
0.2538520097732544,
-0.1866319477558136,
0.1932947337627411,
-0.1003655344247818,
-0.036773681640625,
-0.1286960244178772,
0.1339992880821228,
-0.2211168110370636,
-0.08245849609375,
0.1890597939491272,
-0.1215803325176239,
0.7805989384651184,
0.014361964538693428,
-0.010325114242732525,
0.4265950620174408,
-0.0380282923579216,
0.4433864951133728,
0.1735432893037796,
0.2467312216758728,
0.6537543535232544,
0.023477129638195038,
-0.0665757954120636,
0.2680257260799408,
0.2979600727558136,
0.2313639372587204,
0.5748698115348816,
-0.087371826171875,
0.4910753071308136,
-0.2268473356962204,
0.08275943249464035,
0.3968641459941864,
0.0516476109623909,
0.3426106870174408,
0.0407070592045784,
0.039004430174827576,
-0.1961534321308136,
-0.2805311381816864,
-0.1053483784198761,
0.0571407750248909,
-0.2241075336933136,
-0.0715501606464386,
-0.3704020082950592,
-0.15836164355278015,
-0.1212972030043602,
-0.3569607138633728,
0.0494350865483284,
0.025233162567019463,
-0.0890384241938591,
0.4393174946308136,
0.0292044747620821,
-0.0202297642827034,
-0.1391364187002182,
0.3481309711933136,
0.3646918535232544,
0.0316297747194767,
0.2494116872549057,
0.4214138388633728,
0.10075420886278152,
0.2158203125,
-0.2841050922870636,
0.1594797819852829,
0.051660750061273575,
0.2271999716758728,
0.2036878764629364,
0.1671685129404068,
0.2385050505399704,
-0.05418501794338226,
0.1683942973613739,
-0.005466037429869175,
0.64404296875,
0.1332668662071228,
-0.0616658516228199,
0.0598500557243824,
0.047428131103515625
] |
2130
|
Do you wash cast iron with soap and water?
|
[
{
"docid": "3215084#17",
"text": "Because other cookware cleaning techniques like scouring or washing in a dishwasher can remove or damage the seasoning on a bare cast-iron pan, these pans should not be cleaned like most other cookware. Some chefs advocate never cleaning cast-iron pans at all; simply wiping them out after use, or washing them with hot water and a stiff brush. Others advocate washing with mild soap and water, and then re-applying a thin layer of fat or oil. A third approach is to scrub with coarse salt and a paper towel or clean rag.",
"title": "Cast-iron cookware"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "27705643#12",
"text": "As with other cast iron vessels, a seasoned pan or dutch oven should not regularly be used to cook foods containing tomatoes, vinegar or other acidic ingredients, as these foods will eventually remove the protective layer created during the seasoning process. Cast iron ovens are best suited to cook food high in oil or fat, such as chicken, bacon, or sausage, or used for deep frying. Subsequent cleanings are usually accomplished without the use of soap. Detergent soaps and dishwashers can remove the seasoning on cast iron, so some cookbook authors recommend only wiping the pans clean after each use, or using other cleaning methods such as a salt scrub or boiling water. The protective layer itself is polymeric and not very susceptible to soaps, and many users do briefly use detergents and soaps. However, cast iron is very prone to rust, and the protective layer may have pinholes, so soaking for long periods is contraindicated as the layer may start to flake off.",
"title": "Seasoning (cookware)"
},
{
"docid": "172111#2",
"text": "Removal of soap and water from the clothing after washing was a separate process. First, soap would be rinsed out with clear water. After rinsing, the soaking wet clothing would be formed into a roll and twisted by hand to extract water. The entire process often occupied an entire day of hard work, plus drying and ironing.",
"title": "Washing machine"
},
{
"docid": "52134207#8",
"text": "Clothes were washed manually, by rubbing and sometimes striking them against a hard surface with soap. The aim was to do penetrate the mix of water and soap between the fibres of the fabric to pull-out the dirt. The slabs to wash the clothes were slabs of natural stone chosen to present a fine and relatively flat surface. The small rounded irregularities could help of friction in the washing process.",
"title": "Stone slab"
},
{
"docid": "15210042#6",
"text": "Iron is more prone to rusting than (tinned) copper. Cast iron kitchen utensils, in particular, are however less prone to rust if, instead of being scoured to a shine after use, they are simply washed with detergent and water and wiped clean with a cloth, allowing the utensil to form a coat of (already corroded iron and other) material that then acts to prevent further corrosion (a process known as seasoning). Furthermore, if an iron utensil is solely used for frying or cooking with fat or oil, corrosion can be reduced by never heating water with it, never using it to cook with water, and when washing it with water to dry it immediately afterwards, removing all water. Since oil and water are immiscible, since oils and fats are more covalent compounds, and since it is ionic compounds such as water that promote corrosion, eliminating as much contact with water reduces corrosion. For some iron kitchen utensils, water is a particular problem, since it is very difficult to dry them fully. In particular, iron egg-beaters or ice cream freezers are tricky to dry, and the consequent rust if left wet will roughen them and possibly clog them completely. When storing iron utensils for long periods, van Rensselaer recommended coating them in non-salted (since salt is also an ionic compound) fat or paraffin.",
"title": "Kitchen utensil"
},
{
"docid": "49352768#6",
"text": "Vacuum your whole entire house especially where you think the infestation is. Throw away any items that are already infested. Wash all your clothing and fabrics with soap and hot water. If you want, you can go the extra length by steam cleaning your furniture and carpentry.",
"title": "Anthrenus sarnicus"
},
{
"docid": "3133430#5",
"text": "Certain types of fabrics need to be re-treated to maintain water-repellency, as fluoropolymers decompose over time when exposed to water and chemicals. Washing the garment with harsh detergents usually accelerates DWR loss; in addition, soaps often leave a residue which attracts water and dirt. On the other hand, rain water or salt water affects DWRs less significantly. Affected garments can be treated with a 'spray-on' or 'wash-in' treatment to improve water-repellency. In some cases heat treatment can reactivate the factory applied repellent finish and aid in the repelling of water, and other liquids such as oils. On the other hand, some DWR products do not require heat treatment to be activated, and sometimes DWR treatments can be revitalized simply by washing the fabric with a suitable cleaner.",
"title": "Durable water repellent"
},
{
"docid": "6447865#18",
"text": "The equipment typically includes new syringes and needles, alcoholic swabs, rinse eye drops as sterile water, filter (cotton or syringe filter like Sterifilt), tourniquet, and a clean spoon or Stericup. In order to minimize the chance of bacteria or viruses entering the bloodstream, people are advised to wash their hands with soap and warm water. However, as people do not always have access to hot water and soap when they are injecting, the philosophy of harm reduction seeks to find the most realistic and reliable option that drug users will take; a process that takes much time or access to material is unlikely to be used frequently. Alcohol swabs are commonly distributed with injecting equipment, and while they are less effective than hand washing, their use is more effective than nothing. Any sharing of injecting equipment, even tourniquets, is highly discouraged, due to the high danger of transmitting bacteria and viruses via the equipment.",
"title": "Drug injection"
},
{
"docid": "428502#50",
"text": "In developing countries, hand washing with soap is recognized as a cost-effective, essential tool for achieving good health, and even good nutrition. However, a lack of reliable water supply, soap or hand washing facilities in people's homes, at schools and at the workplace make it a challenge to achieve universal hand washing behaviors. For example, in most of rural Africa hand washing taps close to every private or public toilet are scarce, even though cheap options exist to build hand washing stations. However, low hand washing rates rather can also be the result of engrained habits rather than due to a lack of soap or water.",
"title": "Hand washing"
},
{
"docid": "3215084#15",
"text": "A seasoned pan has a stick-resistant coating created by polymerized oils and fats. Seasoning is a process by which a layer of animal fat or vegetable oil is applied and cooked onto cast-iron or carbon steel cookware. New cookware should be vigorously washed in hot water with a strong detergent to remove any casting oils from the cookware's surface. A light coat of oil is applied and the cookware is placed upside down in an oven above a large pan (to drain for an hour), the pan can now be removed, then the oven set to 350 degrees Fahrenheit (180 degrees Celsius) and baked for 30 minutes. Some cookware comes pre-seasoned from the factory.",
"title": "Cast-iron cookware"
}
] |
[
0.004078229423612356,
0.1480371206998825,
0.1243235245347023,
0.4945068359375,
-0.24668629467487335,
0.04712677001953125,
0.5113932490348816,
-0.4083455502986908,
0.4920450747013092,
0.2279052734375,
-0.47395196557044983,
-0.06569862365722656,
-0.2592875063419342,
-0.11884498596191406,
-0.2387949675321579,
-0.11587810516357422,
0.2793172299861908,
-0.1339009553194046,
-0.2226206511259079,
0.3917032778263092,
-0.1561177521944046,
0.5617268681526184,
0.19152577221393585,
0.07406870275735855,
-0.3082173764705658,
0.11869684606790543,
-0.3220621645450592,
0.4317423403263092,
-0.17188405990600586,
0.6198933720588684,
0.1979471892118454,
-0.2087504118680954,
0.1426900178194046,
0.2392018586397171,
-0.24256134033203125,
0.4060567319393158,
-0.13794581592082977,
0.1248118057847023,
-0.16764958202838898,
-0.22354888916015625,
-0.13806279003620148,
0.21687571704387665,
0.17471186816692352,
0.07561095803976059,
0.33970895409584045,
-0.1044565811753273,
0.2590840756893158,
0.4149983823299408,
-0.1890748292207718,
0.5349528193473816,
-0.1947123259305954,
-0.1313033103942871,
-0.018079757690429688,
-0.1736348420381546,
-0.33596038818359375,
0.0952657088637352,
-0.03382619097828865,
0.6328532099723816,
0.3158518373966217,
0.17269134521484375,
0.11586824804544449,
0.2744852602481842,
-0.07829221338033676,
0.1380869597196579,
0.1537424772977829,
0.25982666015625,
0.09209728240966797,
0.2644246518611908,
0.2569173276424408,
0.3897196352481842,
0.2760518491268158,
0.5467326045036316,
0.31964111328125,
-0.019257863983511925,
0.11008644104003906,
-0.37750244140625,
0.053269702941179276,
-0.11626434326171875,
0.2466837614774704,
0.0301386509090662,
0.7281087040901184,
-0.03401041030883789,
0.08567365258932114,
0.18163490295410156,
0.0190404262393713,
0.5279744267463684,
0.12138112634420395,
0.023789605125784874,
0.06256294250488281,
0.2848307192325592,
0.054090868681669235,
0.20549266040325165,
-0.4467875063419342,
0.3559977114200592,
0.05824534222483635,
0.04071982577443123,
0.208251953125,
-0.40924072265625,
-0.08953094482421875,
0.2078857421875,
0.11192067712545395,
-0.3602701723575592,
-0.021954217925667763,
0.6343790888786316,
0.3834024965763092,
-0.3214518129825592,
-0.05126380920410156,
0.18188636004924774,
0.2304534912109375,
0.4545084536075592,
-0.04672284796833992,
-0.10749181360006332,
-0.1696370393037796,
0.12404505163431168,
0.12306848913431168,
0.1823323518037796,
0.471728652715683,
-0.1198933944106102,
-0.1946767121553421,
-0.879638671875,
0.4794921875,
0.0745534896850586,
-0.3664957582950592,
-0.3271484375,
0.21186065673828125,
-0.3214874267578125,
0.4959920346736908,
-0.14389657974243164,
0.6586710810661316,
0.4208984375,
0.398681640625,
0.16145102679729462,
-0.05902354046702385,
0.75146484375,
0.033952075988054276,
0.52691650390625,
0.2421468049287796,
0.023002147674560547,
0.4488728940486908,
-0.1373545378446579,
-0.49713134765625,
-0.3160603940486908,
0.207244873046875,
0.7711384892463684,
-0.2175801545381546,
0.5863850712776184,
0.04525820538401604,
0.39984130859375,
0.2060801237821579,
0.28045654296875,
-0.002834240673109889,
0.008549054153263569,
-0.05820782855153084,
0.4557088315486908,
-0.11569277197122574,
-0.02540365792810917,
0.4270731508731842,
0.6008504033088684,
0.18908150494098663,
0.06562551110982895,
0.8623453974723816,
0.42669677734375,
0.06141074374318123,
0.21454747021198273,
-0.16835911571979523,
0.331298828125,
-0.2254231721162796,
0.5255330204963684,
0.55047607421875,
-0.18066151440143585,
-0.05481640622019768,
0.0177637729793787,
-0.023504257202148438,
-0.2261555939912796,
0.22863006591796875,
0.04967973753809929,
-0.1611817628145218,
0.01344426441937685,
-0.05976833775639534,
0.3386739194393158,
-0.021892866119742393,
0.12320200353860855,
0.014331500045955181,
-0.12618382275104523,
0.5091552734375,
0.12764739990234375,
0.5481364130973816,
0.3078816831111908,
-0.1961212158203125,
0.1147359237074852,
0.1662038117647171,
-0.1090494766831398,
0.5160471796989441,
-0.424346923828125,
0.2725321352481842,
-0.05763689801096916,
-0.0586344413459301,
0.3659566342830658,
-0.01026789378374815,
0.2250417023897171,
0.0013758341083303094,
0.09598668664693832,
0.04629452899098396,
0.2291514128446579,
0.4973348081111908,
-0.2778879702091217,
0.3200785219669342,
-0.019741693511605263,
-0.28765869140625,
-0.1465250700712204,
-0.4439900815486908,
0.2512613832950592,
0.5333048701286316,
0.4977620542049408,
-0.0007425944204442203,
0.4902547299861908,
0.5093180537223816,
-0.002197265625,
0.5894775390625,
-0.2242329865694046,
-0.3212076723575592,
0.2026568204164505,
0.010233561508357525,
-0.2945607602596283,
0.17618751525878906,
-0.10088539123535156,
-0.3375650942325592,
-0.14917628467082977,
0.0717417374253273,
0.3579915463924408,
0.10300890356302261,
-0.137298583984375,
-0.03903261944651604,
-0.039808910340070724,
-0.04133414104580879,
0.6017048954963684,
0.2653605043888092,
0.06059010699391365,
-0.03780587390065193,
-0.25054931640625,
0.466552734375,
-0.10852861404418945,
-0.1240590438246727,
0.1547444611787796,
0.52703857421875,
-0.585693359375,
0.1065622940659523,
0.045627593994140625,
-0.42047119140625,
-0.211517333984375,
0.0880889892578125,
0.013277689926326275,
-0.2538655698299408,
0.08315785974264145,
-0.11286035925149918,
0.05183815956115723,
0.0726064071059227,
-0.00939178466796875,
0.5351359248161316,
-0.03701845929026604,
-0.13806231319904327,
0.5135701298713684,
0.4266153872013092,
0.1886545866727829,
-0.029598236083984375,
0.0958404541015625,
0.2897440493106842,
0.46502685546875,
-0.04486910626292229,
0.047359783202409744,
-0.10245132446289062,
-0.33369699120521545,
0.4662679135799408,
0.1912180632352829,
-0.1894276887178421,
-0.0935923233628273,
0.057732898741960526,
0.11627133935689926,
-0.5348917841911316,
0.2201089859008789,
0.4169515073299408,
-0.1258646696805954,
-0.13939666748046875,
-0.1964925080537796,
-0.06834474951028824,
0.14184696972370148,
-0.2692922055721283,
0.06031830981373787,
-0.180908203125,
-0.053165435791015625,
0.20074081420898438,
0.3585408627986908,
0.0047397613525390625,
-0.699462890625,
0.03272565081715584,
-0.027980169281363487,
-0.0037256877403706312,
-0.3589528501033783,
0.2796224057674408,
0.0827433243393898,
0.71502685546875,
-0.4204508364200592,
0.15823833644390106,
0.49786376953125,
0.05944347381591797,
-0.0026553471107035875,
-0.55474853515625,
0.057852428406476974,
0.0038153331261128187,
0.5833536982536316,
0.29756927490234375,
-0.3665262758731842,
-0.05364004895091057,
0.2237752228975296,
0.250152587890625,
0.5142008662223816,
0.3706308901309967,
-0.04431756213307381,
1.0066324472427368,
0.07693830877542496,
-0.3153177797794342,
-0.2103373259305954,
-0.2747294008731842,
-0.12454986572265625,
0.356231689453125,
-0.5084330439567566,
0.17948023974895477,
-0.2072550505399704,
0.1469319611787796,
-0.278076171875,
0.2278544157743454,
0.3575032651424408,
0.011287689208984375,
-0.0741831436753273,
-0.05869610980153084,
0.04099591448903084,
0.08956877142190933,
-0.17326100170612335,
-0.06803258508443832,
-0.4001261293888092,
0.4471435546875,
0.0752410888671875,
-0.1875864714384079,
0.3615315854549408,
-0.0973963737487793,
0.13762156665325165,
0.2461903840303421,
0.23607762157917023,
0.027780214324593544,
-0.2097574919462204,
-0.1257181167602539,
-0.0031054019927978516,
-0.10747814178466797,
0.2308095246553421,
0.0882568359375,
0.11234156042337418,
0.639404296875,
0.1416575163602829,
0.09043169021606445,
-0.060095787048339844,
0.13729524612426758,
0.08635330200195312,
0.18215370178222656,
0.1309560090303421,
-0.06416956335306168,
-0.3171590268611908,
0.011616547591984272,
0.002580801723524928,
0.3369038999080658,
-0.09829298406839371,
0.2275848388671875,
0.13203684985637665,
0.2317759245634079,
0.3071390688419342,
0.14358265697956085,
-0.08490371704101562,
0.17129771411418915,
0.4175008237361908,
0.423919677734375,
-0.12003453820943832,
0.1754913330078125,
0.6699015498161316,
0.0608011893928051,
-0.12521488964557648,
0.0752309188246727,
-0.2728169858455658,
-0.5569050908088684,
0.34600830078125,
0.1486918181180954,
-0.09068107604980469,
0.20907211303710938,
-0.20464833080768585,
0.0933024063706398,
0.2601419985294342,
0.14648182690143585,
-0.10875320434570312,
0.11052592843770981,
0.21028010547161102,
0.160247802734375,
-0.09743944555521011,
0.13148753345012665,
0.1633656769990921,
0.3897908627986908,
0.06285754591226578,
4.186197757720947,
-0.0808054581284523,
0.3422648012638092,
0.1432240754365921,
-0.2737223207950592,
0.15723545849323273,
0.11252943426370621,
-0.060143787413835526,
0.2624918520450592,
-0.018177509307861328,
-0.1298268586397171,
-0.00022904078650753945,
-0.0290552768856287,
0.17674382030963898,
0.03933238983154297,
0.1754557341337204,
0.14962434768676758,
0.3017374575138092,
0.2718099057674408,
0.2894388735294342,
-0.18545787036418915,
0.9732258915901184,
0.11703077703714371,
0.4397684633731842,
0.09948984533548355,
-0.17515309154987335,
-0.1807963103055954,
-0.0519663505256176,
0.02406279183924198,
0.043263357132673264,
0.13070698082447052,
0.009933233261108398,
0.12908680737018585,
0.2756856381893158,
-0.7612711787223816,
0.4319051206111908,
0.3299153745174408,
0.5213114619255066,
-0.08497174829244614,
0.10606638342142105,
-0.08796310424804688,
-0.00611114501953125,
0.10284169763326645,
0.3566080629825592,
0.0954742431640625,
-0.1646931916475296,
-0.012868245132267475,
0.3866170346736908,
0.5779622197151184,
0.03597060963511467,
0.16587574779987335,
-0.09536075592041016,
0.08850415796041489,
-0.18753178417682648,
0.3170979917049408,
0.5641682744026184,
0.3299153745174408,
0.4629313051700592,
-0.13941700756549835,
0.03930091857910156,
0.08760833740234375,
0.010335604660212994,
-0.03946622088551521,
-0.1716664582490921,
-0.2297077178955078,
0.11356035619974136,
-0.4218902587890625,
0.04496828839182854,
0.06798664480447769,
-0.43415069580078125,
0.6159260869026184,
0.2480265349149704,
-0.10430463403463364,
-0.345550537109375,
0.09947284311056137,
0.2151540070772171,
-0.2811991274356842,
0.3153279721736908,
-0.1908772736787796,
-0.1481374055147171,
0.050286609679460526,
-0.4908854067325592,
0.1914997100830078,
0.086761474609375,
-0.06459411233663559,
0.6156412959098816,
0.0721181258559227,
0.0066928863525390625,
0.2914835512638092,
0.14007949829101562,
0.6415202021598816,
0.051494598388671875,
0.62445068359375,
0.209686279296875,
0.15910975635051727,
-0.07658576965332031,
-0.1399110108613968,
-3.9705402851104736,
0.0421549491584301,
0.17984135448932648,
-0.2957763671875,
0.027952512726187706,
-0.17005665600299835,
-0.1121724471449852,
0.13799285888671875,
-0.2193501740694046,
-0.090972900390625,
0.14745700359344482,
-0.199310302734375,
-0.12233543395996094,
0.822021484375,
0.2829081118106842,
0.10378900915384293,
-0.2884317934513092,
0.1457773894071579,
0.1680959016084671,
-0.1252949982881546,
0.3765360414981842,
0.13408343493938446,
0.3163350522518158,
0.13526217639446259,
0.15874290466308594,
-0.026607513427734375,
-0.5244547724723816,
-0.4261067807674408,
-0.4666748046875,
0.1867828369140625,
-0.14383132755756378,
-0.52691650390625,
0.6344401240348816,
-0.07566744834184647,
0.01970640756189823,
0.14750035107135773,
0.5643107295036316,
-0.2042948454618454,
0.3694254457950592,
0.2452189177274704,
0.15677516162395477,
0.4278768002986908,
0.3762105405330658,
-0.04926478862762451,
-0.11056455224752426,
0.4297688901424408,
-0.255523681640625,
0.11599095910787582,
-0.0474751777946949,
0.24460601806640625,
0.5238240361213684,
0.04119300842285156,
-0.055637359619140625,
0.2313740998506546,
0.2026774138212204,
0.04014158248901367,
0.685791015625,
-0.28598275780677795,
0.2573483884334564,
0.2572835385799408,
0.008115132339298725,
-0.2429402619600296,
0.08462079614400864,
-0.0689188614487648,
-0.1344858855009079,
0.10767364501953125,
0.012047450058162212,
0.17479991912841797,
0.1255614012479782,
-0.32228851318359375,
-0.04236125946044922,
0.3223876953125,
-0.11864344030618668,
0.3631540834903717,
0.2322794646024704,
0.3801167905330658,
0.011150221340358257,
0.04804420471191406,
0.3505452573299408,
-0.039127349853515625,
-0.182891845703125,
-0.12608115375041962,
-0.39752197265625,
-0.011380513198673725,
2.2393391132354736,
0.3600057065486908,
2.1539714336395264,
0.17878659069538116,
0.3293813169002533,
0.4562784731388092,
-0.27801641821861267,
0.5437418818473816,
0.1821034699678421,
0.10249710083007812,
0.21256764233112335,
-0.009740829467773438,
-0.2612660825252533,
0.25646209716796875,
-0.1597766876220703,
-0.2458597868680954,
0.3737386167049408,
-0.543426513671875,
0.05805651471018791,
-0.3199361264705658,
0.20490264892578125,
0.4575551450252533,
-0.4738565981388092,
0.3168538510799408,
0.3571675717830658,
0.1725921630859375,
-0.2557525634765625,
-0.04932403564453125,
-0.0830891951918602,
-0.43035888671875,
0.131134033203125,
0.2193196564912796,
-0.02191670797765255,
-0.186798095703125,
0.1510486602783203,
0.09882418066263199,
-0.2557729184627533,
4.723958492279053,
-0.424407958984375,
-0.4014485776424408,
-0.1033172607421875,
0.13243484497070312,
0.30413818359375,
0.08587646484375,
-0.09152921289205551,
0.03332583233714104,
0.4421183168888092,
0.2790425717830658,
0.5944620966911316,
0.1559906005859375,
0.013092041015625,
0.2738749086856842,
0.1714070588350296,
-0.07751718908548355,
0.17251332104206085,
0.0443623848259449,
0.3035074770450592,
0.0975545272231102,
0.019097009673714638,
0.4157308042049408,
-0.057112693786621094,
-0.2252146452665329,
0.2636260986328125,
-0.1434376984834671,
-0.04291598126292229,
-0.1288318634033203,
0.5284016728401184,
0.4205322265625,
5.455729007720947,
0.18516905605793,
-0.09275436401367188,
-0.0335184745490551,
-0.131500244140625,
0.4019775390625,
-0.05791473388671875,
-0.0292688999325037,
-0.08932876586914062,
-0.009165127761662006,
0.10511716455221176,
-0.09639231115579605,
-0.14910507202148438,
0.4276123046875,
0.0073153176344931126,
0.3509928286075592,
-0.2201334685087204,
-0.08474413305521011,
0.3642476499080658,
-0.256744384765625,
0.5499267578125,
0.22873561084270477,
0.05378691479563713,
0.07857004553079605,
-0.04831886291503906,
0.20877313613891602,
0.11028829962015152,
0.05980968475341797,
-0.19510777294635773,
-0.1911214143037796,
0.16140492260456085,
0.2721964418888092,
0.2754007875919342,
0.2466227263212204,
-0.4415283203125,
-0.037972766906023026,
0.03081583045423031,
0.2926534116268158,
-0.07308705896139145,
-0.24256642162799835,
0.3296000063419342,
0.4483642578125,
0.3053995668888092,
-0.15871429443359375,
-0.3424886167049408,
-0.1972707062959671,
-0.1543121337890625,
-0.2446746826171875,
-0.023260632529854774,
0.06708145141601562,
-0.3031819760799408,
0.16314570605754852,
0.916259765625,
-0.0399068184196949,
0.3581034243106842,
0.54974365234375,
0.49749755859375,
0.06388314813375473,
-0.16373507678508759,
-0.13085174560546875,
0.4726766049861908,
0.07878494262695312,
0.401519775390625,
0.8597819209098816,
0.1991373747587204,
0.2996012270450592,
0.2756398618221283,
0.06690088659524918,
0.5138753056526184,
-0.1558125764131546,
-0.3272298276424408,
0.0361526794731617,
-0.1717529296875,
-0.13442103564739227,
-0.11808013916015625,
0.3518218994140625,
-0.16403961181640625,
-0.28387451171875,
0.6888834834098816,
-0.12508900463581085,
-0.1569366455078125,
-0.3794962465763092,
-0.344482421875,
-0.05457751080393791,
0.016988754272460938,
0.04810134693980217,
-0.07081349939107895,
-0.0170771274715662,
0.5174662470817566,
0.325897216796875,
0.234344482421875,
-0.2189585417509079,
0.11467742919921875,
0.10726770013570786,
0.1690572053194046,
-0.1092529296875,
-0.04674975574016571,
0.5803425908088684,
0.08012262731790543,
0.1696426123380661,
-0.18284352123737335,
0.3423563539981842,
-0.142852783203125,
0.1026865616440773,
0.1945444792509079,
-0.2826995849609375,
-0.0368804931640625,
-0.13260269165039062,
-0.11110115051269531,
-0.1250712126493454,
0.42523193359375,
-0.030838966369628906,
-0.53997802734375,
0.0320892333984375,
-0.2651265561580658
] |
2131
|
Who first used the term anthropology?
|
[
{
"docid": "1676362#20",
"text": "The first use of the term \"anthropology\" in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in Richard Harvey's 1593 \"Philadelphus, a defense of the legend of Brutus in British history\", which, includes the passage: \"Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, Actes which they did. This part of History is named Anthropology.\"",
"title": "History of anthropology"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "14463958#1",
"text": "Anthropology – study of humanity. Anthropology has origins in the natural sciences, the humanities, and the social sciences. The term was first used by François Péron when discussing his encounters with Tasmanian Aborigines.\nAnthropology can be described as all of the following:History of anthropology\nRelated fields",
"title": "Outline of anthropology"
},
{
"docid": "5388#1",
"text": "Cultural anthropology has a rich methodology, including participant observation (often called fieldwork because it requires the anthropologist spending an extended period of time at the research location), interviews, and surveys.\nOne of the earliest articulations of the anthropological meaning of the term \"culture\" came from Sir Edward Tylor who writes on the first page of his 1871 book: \"Culture, or civilization, taken in its broad, ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.\" The term \"civilization\" later gave way to definitions given by V. Gordon Childe, with culture forming an umbrella term and civilization becoming a particular kind of culture.",
"title": "Cultural anthropology"
},
{
"docid": "569#4",
"text": "Sporadic use of the term for some of the subject matter occurred subsequently, such as the use by Étienne Serres in 1839 to describe the natural history, or paleontology, of man, based on comparative anatomy, and the creation of a chair in anthropology and ethnography in 1850 at the National Museum of Natural History (France) by Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau. Various short-lived organizations of anthropologists had already been formed. The Société Ethnologique de Paris, the first to use Ethnology, was formed in 1839. Its members were primarily anti-slavery activists. When slavery was abolished in France in 1848 the Société was abandoned.",
"title": "Anthropology"
},
{
"docid": "1423#14",
"text": "Many anthropologists ceased using the term \"animism\", deeming it to be too close to early anthropological theory and religious polemic. However, the term had also been claimed by religious groups – namely indigenous communities and nature worshipers – who felt that it aptly described their own beliefs, and who in some cases actively identified as \"animists\". It was thus readopted by various scholars, however they began using the term in a different way, placing the focus on knowing how to behave toward other persons, some of whom aren't human. As the religious studies scholar Graham Harvey stated, while the \"old animist\" definition had been problematic, the term \"animism\" was nevertheless \"of considerable value as a critical, academic term for a style of religious and cultural relating to the world.\"\nThe \"new animism\" emerged largely from the publications of the anthropologist Irving Hallowell which were produced on the basis of his ethnographic research among the Ojibwe communities of Canada in the mid-20th century. For the Ojibwe encountered by Hallowell, \"personhood\" did not require human-likeness, but rather humans were perceived as being like other persons, who for instance included rock persons and bear persons. For the Ojibwe, these persons were each wilful beings who gained meaning and power through their interactions with others; through respectfully interacting with other persons, they themselves learned to \"act as a person\". Hallowell's approach to the understanding of Ojibwe personhood differed strongly from prior anthropological concepts of animism. He emphasized the need to challenge the modernist, Western perspectives of what a person is by entering into a dialogue with different worldwide-views.",
"title": "Animism"
},
{
"docid": "6525313#0",
"text": "Magnus Hundt or Magnus canis (1449 in Magdeburg – 1519 in Meißen), also known as Parthenopolitanus, was a German philosopher, physician and theologian. Hundt coined the term anthropology, and he and Otto Casmann have been mentioned as founders of anthropology since they used the term in the 16th century.",
"title": "Magnus Hundt"
},
{
"docid": "1676362#11",
"text": "Eriksen and Nielsen use the term proto-anthropology to refer to near-anthropological writings, which contain some of the criteria for being anthropology, but not all. They classify proto-anthropology as being \"travel writing or social philosophy\", going on to assert \"It is only when these aspects ... are fused, that is, when data and theory are brought together, that anthropology appears.\" This process began to occur in the 18th century of the Age of Enlightenment.",
"title": "History of anthropology"
},
{
"docid": "1676362#1",
"text": "The term \"anthropology\" ostensibly is a produced compound of Greek \"anthrōpos\", \"human being\" (understood to mean \"humankind\" or \"humanity\"), and a supposed -λογία \"-logia\", \"study\". The compound, however, is unknown in ancient Greek or Latin, whether classical or mediaeval. It first appears sporadically in the scholarly Latin \"anthropologia\" of Renaissance France, where it spawns the French word \"anthropologie\", transferred into English as anthropology. It does belong to a class of words produced with the -logy suffix, such as archeo-logy, bio-logy, etc., \"the study (or science) of\".",
"title": "History of anthropology"
},
{
"docid": "1676362#10",
"text": "Harris, like many other anthropologists, in looking for anthropological method and data before the use of the term anthropology, had little difficulty finding them among the ancient authors. The ancients tended to see players on the stage of history as ethnic groups characterized by the same or similar languages and customs: the Persians, the Germans, the Scythians, etc. Thus the term history meant to a large degree the \"story\" of the fortunes of these players through time. The ancient authors never formulated laws. Apart from a rudimentary three-age system, the stages of history, such as are found in Lubbock, Tylor, Morgan, Marx and others, are yet unformulated.",
"title": "History of anthropology"
},
{
"docid": "1407718#2",
"text": "It is not clear who first defined the word sociotope but it is set in anthropology and sociology. The German sociologist Michael Rutschky is supposed to have created the term in 1982. Tino Bargel and other have used it with regard to the environment conditions of the socialisation process. The Swedish social psychologist Lars Dencik used the word 1989 to describe the social life world (network) of children. The German historian Hasso Spode spoke of a \"sociotope\" (Soziotop) in 1994 in order to analyze the special sociocultural composition of the Berlin district of Kreuzberg. The German anthropologist Elisabeth Katching-Fasch used the word in 1998 to describe \"the city as a \"sociotope\" of multicultural lifestyles. The German landscape architect Werner Nohl has used it to desbribe social types of urban settings. The word has recently been extensively used in Sweden for urban planning practise. The first sociotope map was made for the open spaces of Stockholm city in 2000 by landscape architect Alexander Ståhle at the Urban Planning Administration. The map shows how squares and green areas are used and if they are local or regional. The map is a tool for urban planning and design.",
"title": "Sociotope"
}
] |
[
0.3200317323207855,
0.4335083067417145,
-0.06705322116613388,
0.10378722846508026,
-0.07313232123851776,
0.11737060546875,
0.4381347596645355,
-0.3744873106479645,
0.3049255311489105,
0.10640869289636612,
-0.13692016899585724,
-0.271240234375,
-0.329833984375,
0.05628814548254013,
-0.5114990472793579,
0.03250760957598686,
0.48869627714157104,
-0.06442184746265411,
0.141510009765625,
0.35578614473342896,
-0.0865989699959755,
0.3875976502895355,
0.0356014259159565,
-0.02801055833697319,
0.04052581638097763,
0.36769407987594604,
-0.18739624321460724,
0.26966553926467896,
0.35191649198532104,
0.19460448622703552,
0.5143066644668579,
0.17731323838233948,
-0.06512908637523651,
0.34120482206344604,
-0.3317154049873352,
0.20880278944969177,
0.3092407286167145,
0.545849621295929,
0.13471679389476776,
0.4008773863315582,
0.08032989501953125,
0.32562255859375,
0.25768738985061646,
-0.08719482272863388,
0.35438233613967896,
-0.30694580078125,
0.08074035495519638,
-0.303091436624527,
-0.22353211045265198,
-0.21572494506835938,
-0.38959962129592896,
-0.23975524306297302,
-0.44550782442092896,
-0.3259643614292145,
-0.5955566167831421,
0.4012207090854645,
0.01266326941549778,
0.6617187261581421,
-0.06918029487133026,
-0.16351929306983948,
0.512939453125,
0.19569548964500427,
0.04990997165441513,
-0.04544048383831978,
0.14847412705421448,
0.2646423280239105,
-0.04936027526855469,
0.03681640699505806,
-0.01953887939453125,
0.41679686307907104,
0.005141639616340399,
0.5235840082168579,
0.69677734375,
-0.12788085639476776,
0.29412537813186646,
-0.06527271121740341,
-0.3291381895542145,
0.40764158964157104,
0.1985786408185959,
-0.2643676698207855,
0.38481444120407104,
-0.0817880630493164,
-0.03739528730511665,
0.5536133050918579,
-0.042075347155332565,
0.3275512754917145,
0.13065262138843536,
0.36351317167282104,
-0.19379004836082458,
0.29307860136032104,
0.14047089219093323,
0.3321533203125,
0.10052261501550674,
-0.13073578476905823,
-0.0901641845703125,
0.06234019994735718,
0.2762451171875,
-0.108367919921875,
0.15489502251148224,
-0.058617234230041504,
-0.11685486137866974,
-0.21735839545726776,
-0.16367797553539276,
0.4023681581020355,
0.1969650238752365,
-0.418701171875,
-0.2656494081020355,
-0.20265349745750427,
0.31085205078125,
0.4485229551792145,
-0.13524170219898224,
-0.142527773976326,
-0.2455768585205078,
-0.08986358344554901,
0.23652954399585724,
0.26805418729782104,
0.3371337950229645,
-0.09999389946460724,
-0.34112852811813354,
-0.946972668170929,
0.22752074897289276,
0.23453979194164276,
-0.284414678812027,
-0.1712745726108551,
-0.06648711860179901,
-0.11391296237707138,
0.478271484375,
0.21014404296875,
0.663281261920929,
0.2776695191860199,
-0.017230987548828125,
0.0948081985116005,
0.22265625,
0.48430174589157104,
0.59393310546875,
0.14411620795726776,
0.08710937201976776,
0.13989563286304474,
0.25996094942092896,
-0.4314208924770355,
-0.0811561569571495,
-0.0075737000443041325,
0.18534469604492188,
0.38081663846969604,
-0.4483398497104645,
0.11582603305578232,
-0.13946533203125,
0.22509765625,
-0.198486328125,
0.17015686631202698,
0.27142333984375,
0.02087097242474556,
-0.02978363074362278,
0.24685057997703552,
-0.18525390326976776,
0.25013428926467896,
0.23958435654640198,
-0.34160155057907104,
0.09103240817785263,
-0.09790954738855362,
0.7559570074081421,
0.4000488221645355,
0.35413819551467896,
-0.5924316644668579,
-0.05089583247900009,
0.3341064453125,
-0.07471618801355362,
0.4949951171875,
0.41118162870407104,
-0.4427734315395355,
-0.18857422471046448,
0.197998046875,
0.2413017302751541,
-0.10035781562328339,
0.3929687440395355,
0.4002929627895355,
-0.08731536567211151,
0.3510986268520355,
-0.03295593336224556,
-0.16215363144874573,
0.06591186672449112,
-0.01100311242043972,
0.27344971895217896,
0.36506348848342896,
0.49128419160842896,
0.20893554389476776,
0.11225433647632599,
-0.023851394653320312,
-0.13397368788719177,
0.5207275152206421,
-0.03582458570599556,
0.1185096725821495,
0.4382080137729645,
0.013034057803452015,
-0.23264160752296448,
0.22709961235523224,
-0.04495849460363388,
0.5436645746231079,
-0.1563766449689865,
0.2608017027378082,
-0.21524353325366974,
0.18513183295726776,
-0.656298816204071,
0.18212890625,
0.2720489501953125,
-0.47407227754592896,
-0.023979950696229935,
0.03847656399011612,
-0.15826721489429474,
-0.15616455674171448,
0.3046936094760895,
0.022606659680604935,
-0.1816330850124359,
0.2533325254917145,
-0.05343513563275337,
-0.12041397392749786,
-0.06869888305664062,
0.25934141874313354,
0.4591430723667145,
0.09592132270336151,
-0.252685546875,
0.637988269329071,
-0.18722839653491974,
-0.15185126662254333,
0.10870971530675888,
-0.23881225287914276,
-0.24819335341453552,
-0.09452667087316513,
0.02529144287109375,
0.28624266386032104,
0.2831664979457855,
0.10476861149072647,
0.00493202218785882,
-0.5416015386581421,
0.3691650331020355,
0.4433837831020355,
0.36475831270217896,
-0.09183845669031143,
-0.06584501266479492,
0.18193893134593964,
0.6395263671875,
0.12062378227710724,
-0.02322845533490181,
0.008211517706513405,
0.4631591737270355,
-0.11374054104089737,
0.276031494140625,
0.13857880234718323,
-0.27143555879592896,
-0.3428100645542145,
0.2598876953125,
-0.09328613430261612,
0.38916015625,
0.07398681342601776,
-0.14183807373046875,
-0.06473235785961151,
0.0028015137650072575,
-0.09035034477710724,
-0.24839477241039276,
-0.3065429627895355,
0.31259211897850037,
0.4700073301792145,
0.4832519590854645,
0.43403321504592896,
-0.31730955839157104,
0.03669548034667969,
0.38850098848342896,
0.4500976502895355,
-0.06548766791820526,
0.23744049668312073,
0.25751954317092896,
-0.16549377143383026,
-0.01155776996165514,
0.2519378662109375,
-0.04153728485107422,
-0.11662902683019638,
0.2822509706020355,
0.41119384765625,
-0.907470703125,
-0.03753967210650444,
-0.033417511731386185,
-0.1541145294904709,
0.024922942742705345,
-0.021385764703154564,
0.1494651734828949,
0.933789074420929,
0.201416015625,
0.08714981377124786,
-0.2978881895542145,
0.23610229790210724,
0.19732189178466797,
0.4183593690395355,
-0.20674438774585724,
-0.2228168547153473,
0.20355224609375,
-0.180400088429451,
0.05012359470129013,
-0.512890636920929,
0.34239500761032104,
0.08097992092370987,
0.45466309785842896,
-0.3653564453125,
0.3937744200229645,
0.4287963807582855,
0.0647178664803505,
-0.015487289056181908,
-0.42912596464157104,
0.21188659965991974,
-0.35200804471969604,
0.21994629502296448,
0.21074828505516052,
-0.4540649354457855,
-0.146270751953125,
0.541259765625,
0.592089831829071,
0.6069580316543579,
0.07359008491039276,
0.12807616591453552,
0.5567871332168579,
0.11123847961425781,
-0.28979188203811646,
-0.24034424126148224,
-0.33024901151657104,
0.2931274473667145,
0.13308410346508026,
-0.1751565933227539,
-0.08329467475414276,
-0.171661376953125,
0.6838623285293579,
0.40349119901657104,
0.3309280276298523,
-0.0070556639693677425,
0.13373413681983948,
0.07344894111156464,
0.09984435886144638,
0.37858885526657104,
0.17452391982078552,
0.670361340045929,
-0.5508788824081421,
-0.38341063261032104,
0.285888671875,
-0.09387817233800888,
0.052606962621212006,
0.3398681581020355,
-0.39140623807907104,
0.15693359076976776,
-0.0867919921875,
-0.08775024116039276,
0.3587280213832855,
0.17828369140625,
0.057436563074588776,
-0.15401840209960938,
0.03398742526769638,
-0.03281402587890625,
0.11528320610523224,
0.52490234375,
0.663159191608429,
-0.10592345893383026,
0.4033203125,
-0.3603149354457855,
0.1467132568359375,
0.162200927734375,
0.45747071504592896,
0.4857421815395355,
0.09391479194164276,
0.5118408203125,
-0.02778015099465847,
0.016744231805205345,
0.0015991211403161287,
0.16498413681983948,
0.18785706162452698,
0.018222808837890625,
0.318115234375,
-0.20767517387866974,
-0.29591065645217896,
-0.08394298702478409,
-0.3109497129917145,
0.5263427495956421,
0.7483886480331421,
-0.037108611315488815,
0.12234421074390411,
0.3914794921875,
0.4438842833042145,
-0.18254394829273224,
-0.4972900450229645,
0.11962890625,
0.036809541285037994,
0.00708847027271986,
-0.2753967344760895,
-0.17135314643383026,
0.25396728515625,
-0.00897064246237278,
-0.005525112152099609,
0.057010650634765625,
0.07415161281824112,
-0.16589966416358948,
0.10445404052734375,
0.526293933391571,
0.185333251953125,
0.35539549589157104,
-0.010745239444077015,
0.6927734613418579,
0.17811889946460724,
0.21275024116039276,
4.244531154632568,
0.08751754462718964,
-0.10291977226734161,
-0.27330321073532104,
-0.15048828721046448,
0.05056457594037056,
0.506542980670929,
-0.4652343690395355,
0.043512724339962006,
-0.10326690971851349,
-0.08319582045078278,
-0.05596923828125,
0.08011169731616974,
0.48820799589157104,
-0.04962310940027237,
0.28436279296875,
0.20438233017921448,
0.08995284885168076,
0.05869274213910103,
0.24323730170726776,
-0.19408874213695526,
0.5224609375,
0.25242918729782104,
0.24445191025733948,
0.38128662109375,
-0.11332778632640839,
0.25172728300094604,
-0.00858373660594225,
0.33063966035842896,
0.4556640684604645,
0.192535400390625,
0.0069213868118822575,
0.23455199599266052,
-0.10818366706371307,
-0.5898681879043579,
0.137420654296875,
0.2191162109375,
-0.183140367269516,
-0.07327423244714737,
-0.22546997666358948,
-0.37584227323532104,
0.132640078663826,
-0.017847824841737747,
0.48662108182907104,
0.2877563536167145,
-0.6078125238418579,
-0.11919250339269638,
0.35505372285842896,
0.0027244568336755037,
0.11044006049633026,
0.6358886957168579,
0.1631011962890625,
-0.15389403700828552,
-0.48051756620407104,
-0.0029113769996911287,
0.638134777545929,
-0.03675708919763565,
0.02859344519674778,
0.008443832397460938,
-0.20639649033546448,
-0.0063690184615552425,
-0.23826904594898224,
-0.0562744140625,
0.014687633141875267,
-0.4700561463832855,
0.44978028535842896,
0.584912121295929,
0.7027832269668579,
0.5364013910293579,
0.11006470024585724,
0.37999266386032104,
0.3238769471645355,
0.09938964992761612,
-0.34649658203125,
0.17116698622703552,
-0.28216552734375,
-0.8125976324081421,
-0.07978210598230362,
0.21253204345703125,
-0.18719482421875,
0.03780822828412056,
-0.05473632737994194,
0.37714844942092896,
-0.223876953125,
-0.01463928259909153,
0.5112549066543579,
-0.02843627892434597,
-0.33291929960250854,
0.45134276151657104,
0.10200805962085724,
0.06612968444824219,
0.166778564453125,
0.022524261847138405,
0.17992286384105682,
0.4290771484375,
0.16277465224266052,
-0.03726081922650337,
-3.9488282203674316,
0.32286375761032104,
0.24692383408546448,
-0.265869140625,
0.22742919623851776,
-0.09722747653722763,
-0.13327446579933167,
0.4417724609375,
-0.46257323026657104,
0.44401854276657104,
0.16925659775733948,
0.07764740288257599,
-0.16459961235523224,
0.539233386516571,
0.3304443359375,
0.09336662292480469,
0.7315918207168579,
0.15134887397289276,
0.11671371757984161,
-0.04966888576745987,
0.04495391994714737,
0.2926879823207855,
0.5010010004043579,
-0.33829957246780396,
0.05502929538488388,
-0.025897979736328125,
0.48942869901657104,
-0.41901856660842896,
-0.05150146409869194,
0.06548462063074112,
-0.7626953125,
0.26129150390625,
0.697558581829071,
-0.30628663301467896,
0.18174438178539276,
0.41889649629592896,
0.25780028104782104,
0.09749756008386612,
0.516430675983429,
0.7354980707168579,
0.2142387330532074,
0.19899292290210724,
0.17736168205738068,
0.10462646186351776,
-0.030422210693359375,
0.26389771699905396,
-0.10689697414636612,
0.17610473930835724,
-0.15978088974952698,
-0.213775634765625,
0.27830809354782104,
0.15779419243335724,
-0.10800118744373322,
0.1277896910905838,
-0.11309738457202911,
0.02481994591653347,
-0.2716827392578125,
0.10354919731616974,
0.3725524842739105,
0.479248046875,
0.07350464165210724,
-0.081934355199337,
0.06737975776195526,
-0.05538177490234375,
0.1869461089372635,
-0.16848087310791016,
-0.19934387505054474,
0.529052734375,
0.2687316834926605,
-0.17930908501148224,
0.3054138123989105,
0.4742675721645355,
0.15882721543312073,
-0.275726318359375,
0.27714842557907104,
0.2879638671875,
-0.2681930661201477,
-0.09877490997314453,
0.564868152141571,
0.2862792909145355,
-0.18709106743335724,
0.08776931464672089,
-0.4064697325229645,
-0.10958442836999893,
2.5166015625,
0.31184083223342896,
2.144335985183716,
0.18620911240577698,
0.42998045682907104,
0.25885009765625,
0.17800292372703552,
0.07466869056224823,
-0.11613158881664276,
-0.018019389361143112,
0.10551910102367401,
-0.2974853515625,
-0.23666076362133026,
-0.29119873046875,
0.05125122144818306,
-0.01024475134909153,
0.32415771484375,
-0.7790282964706421,
-0.33697813749313354,
-0.49482423067092896,
0.1729583740234375,
0.004329872317612171,
-0.39775389432907104,
0.1386791169643402,
-0.03797454759478569,
-0.16298827528953552,
-0.033659934997558594,
0.08312378078699112,
0.23942871391773224,
0.1156715378165245,
-0.12387695163488388,
-0.35662841796875,
0.382080078125,
-0.20627517998218536,
0.5589599609375,
0.30793458223342896,
-0.01794128492474556,
4.666406154632568,
0.21849365532398224,
-0.18104247748851776,
0.04292573779821396,
-0.022565925493836403,
0.10121764987707138,
0.37525635957717896,
0.21831664443016052,
0.06790713965892792,
0.29091185331344604,
0.31413573026657104,
0.546093761920929,
-0.179962158203125,
0.2901458740234375,
0.029212187975645065,
-0.187744140625,
0.0013973235618323088,
0.05556678771972656,
0.4068969786167145,
-0.00020294189744163305,
-0.10858917236328125,
-0.16863861680030823,
0.3663696348667145,
0.02611541748046875,
-0.43603515625,
-0.0021903992164880037,
0.08070983737707138,
0.01699218712747097,
0.04422035068273544,
0.48402100801467896,
0.14970703423023224,
5.42578125,
0.185841366648674,
0.4094604551792145,
-0.07375793159008026,
0.06802062690258026,
0.23172608017921448,
-0.4036865234375,
-0.05113525316119194,
-0.46757811307907104,
-0.0720067247748375,
-0.04858212545514107,
0.09995269775390625,
-0.22625121474266052,
0.2623046934604645,
0.20289306342601776,
0.3841919004917145,
-0.20831604301929474,
0.005146026611328125,
0.4129638671875,
-0.24982909858226776,
0.4518676698207855,
-0.07141704857349396,
0.37883299589157104,
-0.6054443120956421,
-0.1864776760339737,
-0.006726074032485485,
-0.09360122680664062,
0.18662261962890625,
-0.23186035454273224,
-0.541333019733429,
0.439697265625,
0.03853149339556694,
-0.16820678114891052,
0.3089355528354645,
0.16057738661766052,
0.192158505320549,
0.21341553330421448,
0.0005451202159747481,
0.02067708969116211,
-0.26278990507125854,
0.44501954317092896,
0.33912354707717896,
-0.33338624238967896,
0.01868743821978569,
0.09040222316980362,
-0.03933257982134819,
-0.19200439751148224,
0.2675414979457855,
-0.04161834716796875,
0.06599636375904083,
0.019106293097138405,
0.009135437197983265,
0.9111572504043579,
-0.14063969254493713,
0.2674560546875,
0.06842956691980362,
-0.074920654296875,
0.669921875,
0.3471313416957855,
-0.16871576011180878,
0.739208996295929,
0.06472931057214737,
-0.07670974731445312,
0.5943603515625,
0.31010740995407104,
0.34138184785842896,
0.500317394733429,
-0.11797942966222763,
0.41850584745407104,
-0.09187927097082138,
0.06709518283605576,
0.15683288872241974,
0.17535248398780823,
0.08322449028491974,
-0.09368133544921875,
0.0009353637578897178,
0.00828704796731472,
-0.1687110960483551,
0.30534666776657104,
0.3919433653354645,
-0.10693283379077911,
-0.29301756620407104,
-0.440185546875,
-0.03375244140625,
-0.012371063232421875,
-0.2958740293979645,
0.3372436463832855,
-0.3655456602573395,
0.3198486268520355,
0.11385402828454971,
-0.003310775849968195,
0.020914459601044655,
-0.07591094821691513,
0.01695556566119194,
0.23394775390625,
0.3034912049770355,
0.152679443359375,
0.3665405213832855,
-0.08354301750659943,
0.20536498725414276,
-0.28225916624069214,
0.0643768310546875,
-0.24335861206054688,
0.25130003690719604,
0.16112670302391052,
-0.23666992783546448,
0.11724243313074112,
-0.20961913466453552,
0.4301391541957855,
-0.00750656146556139,
0.5107421875,
0.02897949144244194,
-0.35700684785842896,
0.012165832333266735,
0.05243530124425888
] |
2132
|
When was Stockholm founded?
|
[
{
"docid": "16003868#12",
"text": "According to the Chronicle of Eric, written in the 1320s, Stockholm was founded by Birger Jarl around 1250 as a lock to the Lake Mälaren region (\"laas fore then sio\", \"lock before that lake\") in order to prevent pirates from reaching the seven cities and nineteen parishes around it. Another medieval source (\"Visbyannalerna\"), however, claims the city was founded in 1187 following a pagan pillaged the city of Sigtuna, and as there was an \"Earl\" named Birger around at that time too, the disputed origin of the city are likely to remain obscure and some historians choose a diplomatic interpretation saying there was some sort of fortification around by the mouth of lake Mälaren when the city was founded during the second half of the 13th century. As Snorri mentions no city in his account but some sort of fortification called a \"kastali\" (in various manuscripts curiously said to be located east and west of \"Stocksund\"), it has generally been assumed this fortification eventually developed into the castle Tre Kronor located where still is the Stockholm Palace.",
"title": "Prehistory and origin of Stockholm"
},
{
"docid": "25611#0",
"text": "Riddarfjärden (, \"The Knight Firth\") is the easternmost bay of Lake Mälaren in central Stockholm. Stockholm was founded in 1252 on an island in the stream where Lake Mälaren (from the west) drains into the Baltic Sea (to the east); today the island is called Stadsholmen and constitutes Stockholm's Old Town.",
"title": "Riddarfjärden"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "26741#32",
"text": "Research and higher education in the sciences started in Stockholm in the 18th century, with education in medicine and various research institutions such as the Stockholm Observatory. The medical education was eventually formalized in 1811 as Karolinska Institutet. The Royal Institute of Technology (\"Kungliga Tekniska högskolan\", or \"KTH\") was founded in 1827 and is currently Scandinavia's largest higher education institute of technology with 13,000 students. Stockholm University, founded in 1878 with university status granted in 1960, has 52,000 students . It also incorporates many historical institutions, such as the Observatory, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the botanical garden \"Bergianska trädgården\". The Stockholm School of Economics, founded in 1909, is one of the few private institutions of higher education in Sweden.",
"title": "Stockholm"
},
{
"docid": "26741#76",
"text": "According to the European Cities Monitor 2010, Stockholm is the best city in terms of freedom from pollution. Surrounded by 219 nature reserves, Stockholm has around 1,000 green spaces, which corresponds to 30% of the city's area. Founded in 1995, the Royal National City Park is the world's first legally protected \"national urban park\". For a description of the formation process, value assets and implementation of the legal protection of The Royal National Urban Park, see Schantz 2006 The water in Stockholm is so clean that people can dive and fish in the centre of the city. In fact the waters of downtown Stockholm serve as spawning grounds for multiple fish species including trout and salmon. Regarding CO2 emissions, the government's target is that Stockholm will be CO2 free before 2050.",
"title": "Stockholm"
},
{
"docid": "21758286#1",
"text": "Design House Stockholm was founded in 1992 by Anders Färdig, who had previous owned the brands Höganäs and Boda Nova. Using his vast knowledge in design management from prior experience managing Boda Nova and Höganäs, Färdig created a network of independent designers that remains the platform from which Design House Stockholm operates today. In 1997 the Design House Stockholm product collection was launched, starting with Harri Koskinen’s Block Lamp that immediately became a worldwide success Harri Koskinen’s Block Lamp designed in 1996 - which still remains among Design House Stockholm's best selling products, and have won several awards.",
"title": "Design House Stockholm"
},
{
"docid": "1021731#3",
"text": "When the first local government acts came into force in Sweden in 1863, Stockholm was one of the then 89 cities of Sweden. A first City Council was elected. The area roughly corresponded with today's \"Innerstaden\". Large areas were annexed in 1913, 1916 and 1949. The city was outside Stockholm County until 1968, having its own governor. The local government reform of 1971 made Stockholm a unitary municipality like all others in the country.",
"title": "Stockholm Municipality"
},
{
"docid": "2926448#1",
"text": "The organisation was founded in 1997 by Helen Disney in response to the growth in market-oriented think tanks across Europe, with the aim of providing a forum for sharing, exchanging, and developing pan-European public policy research. Interested in ideas which stimulate economic growth and help people to help themselves, it promotes and raises awareness of policies which create the social and economic conditions for a free society. Its stated goals include:The Stockholm Network was founded in 1997 by Helen Disney, a former journalist and deputy director of the Social Market Foundation. It began with a small group of like-minded think tanks after planning meetings in London and Stockholm. It initially had staff of three people including Sacha Kumaria and Nicole Gray Conchar, who had previously worked as a fundraiser for numerous think tanks including the Cato Institute and the International Policy Network (IPN).",
"title": "Stockholm Network"
},
{
"docid": "22966681#3",
"text": "During the Swedish War of Liberation of 1521–23, Danish-controlled Stockholm was under siege by the Swedes. The abbess of the nunnery, Anna Leuhusen, offered to allow Swedes living in Stockholm to safely escape the Danes by exiting the city through the nunnery. When they arrived to the nunnery, however, she signaled the Danish authorities, and the refugees were executed as traitors. In June 1523, Stockholm was retaken by the Swedes and made capital of the independent Kingdom of Sweden. In 1525, Elin Thomasdotter is noted to have replaced Anna Leuhusen as abbess.",
"title": "St. Clare's Priory, Stockholm"
},
{
"docid": "26741#0",
"text": "Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous urban area in the Nordic countries; 960,031 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea. Just outside the city and along the coast is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County.",
"title": "Stockholm"
},
{
"docid": "567250#39",
"text": "In 1784, a Catholic parish was formally founded in Stockholm. The members lacked suitable premises, however. Therefore, until 1837, Stockholm's Catholics celebrated mass in the Freemasons hall inside the building of today's Stockholm City Museum, which they were offered to rent for the purposes.",
"title": "Catholic Church in Sweden"
}
] |
[
0.4310825765132904,
0.18238088488578796,
-0.2305733859539032,
0.3597237765789032,
0.1750837117433548,
0.4165911078453064,
0.3272007405757904,
-0.359130859375,
0.4175502359867096,
0.38916015625,
-0.3799176812171936,
-0.3866838812828064,
-0.3960309624671936,
0.0790012925863266,
-0.4144461452960968,
-0.2484828382730484,
0.4066685140132904,
0.04545920342206955,
0.01715523935854435,
0.1038731187582016,
0.0641348734498024,
0.3048967719078064,
-0.06643513590097427,
0.0777086541056633,
0.3217947781085968,
-0.0385720394551754,
-0.4555315375328064,
0.0090789794921875,
0.07028252631425858,
0.3516671359539032,
0.2811627984046936,
-0.0812247171998024,
-0.1589791476726532,
0.3485630452632904,
-0.2458016574382782,
-0.012941633351147175,
0.1887730211019516,
-0.2764369547367096,
0.08349609375,
0.4134695827960968,
-0.1577322781085968,
-0.1414053738117218,
0.5249372124671936,
0.3082624077796936,
0.25,
0.02402714267373085,
0.3768572211265564,
-0.0439889095723629,
-0.2038356214761734,
0.1576930433511734,
-0.1195199117064476,
-0.3633335530757904,
-0.0453643798828125,
0.1820417195558548,
-0.7781807780265808,
0.4972446858882904,
0.1761561781167984,
0.41162109375,
0.0006681169616058469,
0.0581381656229496,
0.3826032280921936,
0.0973532572388649,
-0.1315046101808548,
-0.028437750414013863,
0.1684134304523468,
0.1160191148519516,
0.04476383700966835,
0.1827566921710968,
0.1087559312582016,
0.1702619343996048,
0.01970890536904335,
0.25830078125,
0.3983328640460968,
-0.02570016123354435,
-0.363037109375,
-0.2622942328453064,
-0.1115155890583992,
0.1548549085855484,
0.4151436984539032,
-0.2814984917640686,
0.23976026475429535,
-0.4720284640789032,
-0.1186283677816391,
0.4248046875,
-0.1389901340007782,
0.3311941921710968,
-0.2577776312828064,
-0.0775233656167984,
0.4882114827632904,
0.6351841688156128,
-0.1309945285320282,
0.1389596164226532,
-0.039598193019628525,
-0.1738194078207016,
0.1601911336183548,
0.1699916273355484,
0.1761997789144516,
-0.3004499077796936,
0.0418853759765625,
-0.21308135986328125,
0.0873674675822258,
-0.15972900390625,
-0.2143380343914032,
0.4772251546382904,
0.0786655992269516,
-0.3568289577960968,
-0.3076956570148468,
0.0770743265748024,
0.4770159125328064,
0.4219098687171936,
0.3502022922039032,
-0.3536899983882904,
0.0235464908182621,
-0.1811261922121048,
0.0752519890666008,
0.3418666422367096,
0.2492501437664032,
-0.1363786906003952,
0.02524239756166935,
-0.7538365125656128,
0.4256417453289032,
0.3040422797203064,
-0.212158203125,
0.19012451171875,
-0.4608328640460968,
-0.3587297797203064,
0.435302734375,
0.107391357421875,
0.5186942219734192,
0.6571568250656128,
-0.1891915500164032,
0.3142264187335968,
0.4309779703617096,
0.5778459906578064,
0.2457798570394516,
0.1912275105714798,
0.0469491146504879,
-0.2362060546875,
-0.0007084437529556453,
-0.2037615031003952,
-0.1021902933716774,
0.2420828640460968,
-0.3773019015789032,
0.2758614718914032,
-0.0936235710978508,
0.3581194281578064,
0.00719451904296875,
0.1967947781085968,
0.1070425882935524,
-0.0579310841858387,
0.3297467827796936,
0.4164167046546936,
-0.1602696031332016,
-0.1517159640789032,
0.1037009134888649,
0.3243931233882904,
0.3809116780757904,
0.03112138994038105,
-0.2595105767250061,
-0.07336098700761795,
0.8198939561843872,
0.3169991672039032,
0.3017229437828064,
0.2286289781332016,
0.1076747328042984,
0.0242919921875,
0.039913177490234375,
0.3571603000164032,
0.4284319281578064,
-0.1827065646648407,
-0.4621930718421936,
-0.09198542684316635,
0.22074998915195465,
-0.0658612921833992,
-0.01628984697163105,
0.0516074039041996,
-0.5194266438484192,
0.073822021484375,
0.11569949239492416,
0.020015988498926163,
0.2642996609210968,
0.3115060031414032,
0.3003017008304596,
0.2280534952878952,
0.5890415906906128,
0.3804757297039032,
-0.3726544976234436,
-0.1954084187746048,
-0.39599609375,
0.1927751749753952,
-0.0857696533203125,
0.0509730763733387,
0.3153860867023468,
-0.372314453125,
0.1682652086019516,
-0.1094774529337883,
0.15073885023593903,
0.2985316812992096,
-0.0333513543009758,
-0.0235759187489748,
-0.0349775031208992,
-0.0880562886595726,
-0.3299386203289032,
0.2389090359210968,
0.2410016804933548,
-0.375732421875,
-0.1732831746339798,
0.00693511962890625,
-0.4326869547367096,
0.011477879248559475,
0.06243896484375,
-0.0022986275143921375,
0.455322265625,
0.4824916422367096,
-0.1545846164226532,
0.4966517984867096,
0.1165117546916008,
-0.17975616455078125,
0.538818359375,
0.1138480082154274,
-0.1837681382894516,
0.4730747640132904,
-0.1274675577878952,
-0.1622314453125,
0.03287288174033165,
0.07937730848789215,
0.3419015109539032,
-0.2461591511964798,
0.1516026109457016,
0.2129255086183548,
-0.0259246826171875,
0.0056326729245483875,
0.2192905992269516,
-0.31549072265625,
0.0851287841796875,
0.2961338460445404,
0.4139578640460968,
-0.04186030849814415,
-0.0706460103392601,
0.0251290462911129,
0.4291294515132904,
0.2060982882976532,
-0.14126041531562805,
-0.2456490695476532,
0.2777273952960968,
-0.1790771484375,
0.2494768351316452,
0.3374982476234436,
-0.0725032240152359,
0.0553676076233387,
-0.02324894443154335,
-0.0437077097594738,
0.2125505656003952,
-0.021295275539159775,
-0.1659633070230484,
0.377685546875,
0.2306605726480484,
0.1460222452878952,
0.023209163919091225,
0.2943115234375,
0.3756975531578064,
0.2501220703125,
0.09120035171508789,
0.4295828640460968,
-0.1448189914226532,
0.0032762798946350813,
0.1074720099568367,
0.521728515625,
-0.15601131319999695,
0.2748064398765564,
0.2385079562664032,
-0.5497349500656128,
0.0679386705160141,
0.0128631591796875,
-0.4702497124671936,
0.1083461195230484,
0.4649832546710968,
0.5304827094078064,
-0.3616071343421936,
0.2642386257648468,
0.1773332804441452,
0.03811100497841835,
-0.1030796617269516,
0.4469866156578064,
0.3000139594078064,
0.0906655415892601,
-0.006863730493932962,
-0.2400076687335968,
-0.2438790500164032,
-0.07933153212070465,
-0.06151798740029335,
0.5751953125,
-0.01957048662006855,
-0.2764805257320404,
0.2165614515542984,
-0.3901192843914032,
0.1048148050904274,
-0.4560546875,
0.011638096533715725,
-0.2295793741941452,
0.5766252875328064,
-0.7238420844078064,
0.1474347859621048,
0.7138671875,
0.09576416015625,
-0.2461809366941452,
-0.08834920823574066,
-0.0743669793009758,
-0.09580884873867035,
0.71826171875,
0.32232666015625,
-0.5081961750984192,
-0.0456608347594738,
0.3304792046546936,
0.3691754937171936,
0.7681361436843872,
0.5189034342765808,
-0.04274668172001839,
0.1966770738363266,
-0.02260916493833065,
0.0778525248169899,
-0.2331717312335968,
-0.3524344265460968,
-0.1225847527384758,
0.0501796193420887,
-0.1983250230550766,
0.2907366156578064,
-0.3452497124671936,
0.3352399468421936,
0.4390520453453064,
0.2415117472410202,
0.2974155843257904,
0.02469852939248085,
0.3045915961265564,
0.0742885023355484,
0.0820138081908226,
0.24969482421875,
0.2968052327632904,
0.4323207437992096,
-0.1992514431476593,
-0.0075531005859375,
-0.2061070054769516,
-0.2476632297039032,
0.2482386976480484,
-0.1044834703207016,
0.1849103718996048,
0.172637939453125,
0.2542375922203064,
0.3649204671382904,
0.3442731499671936,
0.0052359444089233875,
0.4440569281578064,
-0.1675589382648468,
-0.1525312215089798,
0.0484357550740242,
0.2044590562582016,
0.2825055718421936,
0.0878710076212883,
0.7696707844734192,
-0.3369140625,
-0.3146100640296936,
0.26953125,
0.0469927117228508,
0.1692679226398468,
0.3782435953617096,
0.3452497124671936,
-0.001514434814453125,
-0.1521170437335968,
0.1226600930094719,
-0.05209023505449295,
0.4170968234539032,
-0.12343120574951172,
0.0273906160145998,
-0.109649658203125,
-0.2392229288816452,
-0.1405116468667984,
0.1504342257976532,
0.6676897406578064,
0.4439174234867096,
0.2581264078617096,
0.1909092515707016,
0.5228446125984192,
0.1412004679441452,
0.0830056294798851,
-0.0045067924074828625,
0.0166952945291996,
0.1864885538816452,
0.3216378390789032,
0.0947113037109375,
-0.1632080078125,
-0.1326250284910202,
-0.1391623318195343,
0.0509469173848629,
-0.031771522015333176,
0.1062098890542984,
-0.1655186265707016,
-0.0569370798766613,
0.0827353373169899,
0.2244611531496048,
0.146636962890625,
-0.1880929172039032,
0.4866071343421936,
0.5265067219734192,
0.4381277859210968,
4.154017925262451,
0.1816755086183548,
0.2791573703289032,
-0.184417724609375,
-0.0392521433532238,
0.2174769788980484,
0.3517368733882904,
-0.1353410929441452,
-0.1146240234375,
-0.0762198343873024,
0.036016736179590225,
-0.1013706773519516,
0.02405439130961895,
-0.18773099780082703,
0.008575439453125,
0.3039202094078064,
0.3015311062335968,
0.3118547797203064,
-0.02720206044614315,
0.5036272406578064,
-0.3123953640460968,
0.4409877359867096,
-0.2358921617269516,
-0.08478192239999771,
0.4298618733882904,
-0.0857456773519516,
0.3050188422203064,
0.3469586968421936,
0.6880580186843872,
0.1675327867269516,
0.45556640625,
-0.1867326945066452,
0.0194887425750494,
0.143310546875,
-0.8468192219734192,
0.384521484375,
0.2904575765132904,
0.6638532280921936,
-0.047323908656835556,
-0.2165614515542984,
-0.0877859964966774,
-0.07346779853105545,
0.5191127061843872,
0.6287667155265808,
0.06544167548418045,
-0.1795654296875,
0.03000313974916935,
0.2994210422039032,
0.0522526316344738,
0.027738843113183975,
0.3325543999671936,
-0.08945900946855545,
0.018014635890722275,
0.037665706127882004,
0.4122488796710968,
0.5172293782234192,
0.3348737359046936,
0.3011823296546936,
0.3616769015789032,
-0.0354112908244133,
0.8205915093421936,
0.059283800423145294,
-0.3621826171875,
-0.1297345906496048,
-0.0637555792927742,
-0.1971784383058548,
0.2759137749671936,
-0.2303030788898468,
0.0869097039103508,
0.3027692437171936,
0.3278110921382904,
0.3228236734867096,
0.1837158203125,
-0.0158233642578125,
0.1160627081990242,
-0.0948210135102272,
-0.3141043484210968,
-0.04725101962685585,
0.09348242729902267,
0.1484026163816452,
0.0883701890707016,
-0.03024945966899395,
0.1114850714802742,
0.4027971625328064,
0.2181745320558548,
0.5503627061843872,
0.3531145453453064,
-0.2791268527507782,
0.324462890625,
0.1197640523314476,
0.40185546875,
0.1202479749917984,
0.1844308078289032,
0.04377979785203934,
0.4265485405921936,
0.041184015572071075,
0.2045724093914032,
-4.039620399475098,
0.0867483988404274,
0.3250558078289032,
-0.3777901828289032,
0.03527722880244255,
-0.2619977593421936,
-0.1514369398355484,
0.0795963853597641,
-0.1049586683511734,
0.185302734375,
0.12691661715507507,
0.1329084187746048,
-0.3853585422039032,
0.311553955078125,
0.0327279232442379,
0.1319100558757782,
0.3786098062992096,
0.3951939046382904,
0.5616629719734192,
0.0032212394289672375,
0.1549944132566452,
0.2515171468257904,
0.2163434773683548,
0.0028830256778746843,
-0.0660269632935524,
-0.024509429931640625,
0.2422398179769516,
-0.1746564656496048,
0.1613072007894516,
0.021766390651464462,
0.2224033921957016,
0.1004289910197258,
0.4054478108882904,
-0.2476109117269516,
0.2857317328453064,
0.6590401530265808,
-0.1565159410238266,
-0.03727177157998085,
0.358154296875,
0.4561244547367096,
-0.1332048624753952,
-0.2162737101316452,
0.2509416937828064,
0.1713780015707016,
0.02310616709291935,
0.2289559543132782,
-0.5070452094078064,
0.05583926662802696,
-0.2931605875492096,
0.0603594109416008,
0.3942522406578064,
0.2675933837890625,
-0.2091151624917984,
-0.04912349209189415,
0.4852469265460968,
-0.2265581339597702,
-0.015239988453686237,
0.0807146355509758,
0.2753731906414032,
0.3013218343257904,
0.0097890580072999,
-0.1240975484251976,
0.1805376261472702,
-0.1422751247882843,
0.18308639526367188,
-0.1940133273601532,
0.1592668741941452,
0.5347377061843872,
0.3300606906414032,
-0.4953090250492096,
0.3903459906578064,
0.2342878133058548,
0.3472726047039032,
-0.1029706671833992,
0.2499128133058548,
0.1709376722574234,
-0.01657758466899395,
0.3400530219078064,
0.6081891655921936,
-0.13082940876483917,
-0.01867239736020565,
0.014088221825659275,
-0.3573870062828064,
0.2110944539308548,
2.3071987628936768,
0.3709193766117096,
2.270786762237549,
0.40771484375,
0.136962890625,
0.10420309007167816,
-0.1533551961183548,
0.0830797478556633,
0.1375906765460968,
-0.1666979044675827,
-0.02187674306333065,
0.3946358859539032,
-0.07769911736249924,
0.1261160671710968,
0.045669011771678925,
0.13679559528827667,
0.4515903890132904,
-1.4603794813156128,
0.1973440945148468,
-0.1942051500082016,
0.4632742702960968,
-0.135284423828125,
-0.018645422533154488,
0.3398045003414154,
0.2109723836183548,
-0.22283935546875,
-0.2044503390789032,
0.1398489773273468,
0.08751678466796875,
-0.6201171875,
-0.1659197062253952,
-0.0341251902282238,
0.3748953640460968,
-0.02807072177529335,
0.0777326300740242,
0.2060459703207016,
-0.0363093800842762,
4.703125,
0.1661420613527298,
-0.1592320054769516,
0.2686244547367096,
0.2001691609621048,
-0.1493007093667984,
0.4265485405921936,
0.024433953687548637,
-0.1230250746011734,
0.034352440387010574,
0.1227591410279274,
-0.05629485100507736,
-0.0996616929769516,
0.1471317857503891,
0.2442278116941452,
0.0829119011759758,
0.0952497199177742,
-0.2175641804933548,
0.1536167711019516,
0.1184910386800766,
0.1191537007689476,
0.0226723812520504,
0.1792515367269516,
-0.11724853515625,
-0.0480215884745121,
0.013866969384253025,
0.2382638156414032,
-0.1860002726316452,
-0.06290871649980545,
0.2165047824382782,
-0.02024187333881855,
5.46875,
0.3753487765789032,
-0.01819719560444355,
-0.0849217027425766,
-0.08163779228925705,
-0.0167868472635746,
-0.3338100016117096,
0.2651018500328064,
-0.3302350640296936,
-0.1859043687582016,
-0.33984375,
-0.2055228054523468,
-0.3115932047367096,
0.3871023952960968,
0.2796805202960968,
0.0971636101603508,
-0.3131626546382904,
-0.4551129937171936,
0.3513009250164032,
-0.2641078531742096,
0.3769879937171936,
0.08840669691562653,
0.2078944593667984,
-0.27801513671875,
-0.4440220296382904,
0.0017073495546355844,
-0.0364445261657238,
0.4037737250328064,
0.02039446122944355,
-0.1644483357667923,
0.5819615125656128,
-0.2122541218996048,
-0.175567626953125,
0.1345040500164032,
-0.3343157172203064,
-0.2040230929851532,
0.4049595296382904,
-0.077392578125,
0.015942981466650963,
0.1600341796875,
0.378173828125,
0.3289969265460968,
-0.2858048975467682,
0.3760288655757904,
0.1266653835773468,
0.1236092671751976,
-0.2763497531414032,
0.04159436747431755,
0.2053048312664032,
-0.0553196482360363,
0.3714773952960968,
-0.004156861919909716,
1.3741629123687744,
0.4712611734867096,
0.2608816921710968,
0.1025390625,
-0.1856471449136734,
-0.4523228108882904,
0.541259765625,
-0.0900115966796875,
0.4442661702632904,
0.09615544229745865,
-0.2438790500164032,
0.2078683078289032,
0.3883928656578064,
0.27978515625,
-0.02843693271279335,
-0.2082345187664032,
0.5798688530921936,
-0.1707414835691452,
0.1948765367269516,
0.4550083577632904,
-0.2461460679769516,
0.1318272203207016,
0.0171377994120121,
-0.0484815314412117,
0.3764125406742096,
-0.2175031453371048,
-0.1320757120847702,
0.1788766086101532,
-0.102874755859375,
-0.4497418999671936,
-0.3702915608882904,
0.0009416852844879031,
0.03515079990029335,
-0.2470877468585968,
-0.2463640421628952,
0.04646410420536995,
0.3542654812335968,
-0.010975701734423637,
0.1032126322388649,
-0.061212267726659775,
-0.2386300265789032,
0.54150390625,
0.5326799750328064,
0.0368259958922863,
0.01207842119038105,
0.4930245578289032,
-0.2331019788980484,
0.0286385677754879,
0.0029820033814758062,
0.1715545654296875,
0.1536908894777298,
-0.1006317138671875,
0.1549508273601532,
0.05749501660466194,
-0.2596435546875,
0.0476139597594738,
0.3186732828617096,
0.0844552144408226,
0.4423130452632904,
0.19825418293476105,
-0.06299727410078049,
-0.1358424574136734,
-0.3936941921710968
] |
2134
|
What team won the first Super Bowl?
|
[
{
"docid": "7386179#38",
"text": "By winning the 1967 NFL Championship Game, the Packers achieved a \"three-peat\" (three consecutive league championships) for only the second time in franchise history and the first time since they were named league champions following the 1929–31 seasons. To this day, no other NFL team has matched or surpassed this record. The Packers' back-to-back wins in the first two Super Bowls remains a Super Bowl record, and has since been tied seven times by six other franchises: the Miami Dolphins won Super Bowls VII and VIII following the 1972 and 1973 seasons, the Pittsburgh Steelers won Super Bowls IX and X following the 1974 and 1975 seasons as well as Super Bowls XIII and XIV following the 1978 and 1979 seasons and remain, to date, the only team to win back-to-back Super Bowl titles more than once, the San Francisco 49ers won Super Bowls XXIII and XXIV following the 1988 and 1989 seasons, the Dallas Cowboys won Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII following the 1992 and 1993 seasons, the Denver Broncos won Super Bowls XXXII and XXXIII following the 1997 and 1998 seasons, and most recently, the New England Patriots won Super Bowls XXXVIII and XXXIX following the 2003 and 2004 seasons.",
"title": "History of the Green Bay Packers"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "29157#40",
"text": "Denver was the first team with a previous 0–2 Super Bowl record to win (their record had been 0–4). The Broncos' victory snapped the NFC's 13-game winning streak in the Super Bowl, becoming the first AFC team to win the NFL championship since the Los Angeles Raiders defeated the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVIII. Denver also became the first team to score on four 1-yard touchdown runs in a Super Bowl. The Packers became the third defending Super Bowl champion to lose the Super Bowl, joining the Dallas Cowboys (won Super Bowl XII, lost Super Bowl XIII) and the Washington Redskins (won Super Bowl XVII, lost Super Bowl XVIII), and would be later joined by the Seattle Seahawks in 2015 (won Super Bowl XLVIII, lost Super Bowl XLIX) and the New England Patriots in 2018 (won Super Bowl LI, lost Super Bowl LII).",
"title": "Super Bowl XXXII"
},
{
"docid": "27718#9",
"text": "The Pittsburgh Steelers have won six Super Bowls, the most of any team; the Dallas Cowboys, New England Patriots and San Francisco 49ers have five victories each, while the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants have four Super Bowl championships. Fourteen other NFL franchises have won at least one Super Bowl. Eight teams have appeared in Super Bowl games without a win. The Minnesota Vikings were the first team to have appeared a record four times without a win. The Buffalo Bills played in a record four Super Bowls in a row and lost every one. Four teams (the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans) have never appeared in a Super Bowl. The Browns and Lions both won NFL Championships prior to the creation of the Super Bowl, while the Jaguars (1995) and Texans (2002) are both recent NFL expansion teams. (Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville, however, have hosted a Super Bowl, leaving the Browns the only team to date who has neither played in nor whose city has hosted the game.) The Minnesota Vikings won the last NFL Championship before the merger but lost to the AFL champion Kansas City Chiefs in Super Bowl IV.",
"title": "Super Bowl"
},
{
"docid": "29724707#25",
"text": "In winning the Super Bowl, the Giants became the first team to have won Super Bowl games broadcast on all four U.S. national networks (CBS, ABC, Fox, and now NBC), as well as the first team to win Super Bowls in four different decades. The Giants-Patriots game was the 11th time that there was a rematch in a Super Bowl. In doing so, the 2011 Giants became the first team with fewer than 10 wins (9 wins – 7 losses) in the regular season to win a Super Bowl. Furthermore, Super Bowl XLVI marked just the second time in Super Bowl history that opening score of the title game occurred with a safety when Justin Tuck pressured Tom Brady, and he was called for intentional grounding; the first instance was Super Bowl IX, when Pittsburgh registered a safety on Hall of Fame coach Bud Grant's Vikings. Eli Manning won his second Super Bowl MVP award in four years after orchestrating another game-winning touchdown drive in the game's final moments.",
"title": "2011 New York Giants season"
},
{
"docid": "330174#40",
"text": "During the first years of the new league format Oakland was a dominant franchise, winning the AFC West Division every year except 1971, and was kept out of the Super Bowls between 1970 and 1975 only by phenomenal Baltimore Colts, Miami Dolphins and Pittsburgh Steelers teams. Indeed, during the nine-year span from 1967 through 1975, the Raiders were eliminated by the team that won the Super Bowl on seven occasions (Green Bay in Super Bowl II at the end of the 1967 season, Super Bowl III champion New York in the 1968 AFL Championship Game, Super Bowl IV champion Kansas City in the 1969 AFL Championship Game, Super Bowl V champion Baltimore in the 1970 AFC Championship, Super Bowl VIII champion Miami in the 1973 AFC Championship Game, and Super Bowl IX and X champion Pittsburgh in the 1974 and 1975 AFC Championship Games). Finally, in 1976, the Raiders won their first title in Super Bowl XI under Davis's homegrown head coach John Madden. From 1970 to 1981 Oakland was able to reach the AFC Championship Game seven out of eleven years, and won two Super Bowls in that period. They also captured additional division titles during that period.",
"title": "Al Davis"
},
{
"docid": "20303368#7",
"text": "At the end of the 1966 season, the Super Bowl began to be played between the AFL champion and the NFL champion. After the AFL/NFL merger in 1970, the Super Bowl continued to be played between the AFC champion and the NFC champion. The AFL champion lost the first two Super Bowls. The 1968 AFL champion New York Jets with Joe Namath at quarterback became the first AFL team to win the Super Bowl. Starting with that Super Bowl, the AFL or AFC champion won 11 out of 13 Super Bowls. However, the AFC champion lost 13 consecutive Super Bowls, from the 1984 AFC champion Miami Dolphins through the 1996 AFC champion New England Patriots. Overall, the AFL or AFC champion has won 25 of the 52 Super Bowls played through the end of the 2017 season.",
"title": "List of AFC champions"
},
{
"docid": "1259428#1",
"text": "The game is regarded as one of the biggest upsets in the history of professional sports, as well as one of the finest Super Bowl games. The Patriots entered the game as 12-point favorites after becoming the first team to complete a perfect regular season since the 1972 Miami Dolphins, and the only one since the league expanded to a 16-game regular season schedule in 1978. The Giants, who finished the regular season with a 10–6 record, were seeking to become the first NFC wild card team to win a Super Bowl, and were also looking for their third Super Bowl victory and first since they won Super Bowl XXV seventeen years earlier. This Super Bowl was also a rematch of the final game of the regular season, in which New England won, 38–35.",
"title": "Super Bowl XLII"
},
{
"docid": "27718#17",
"text": "The 1980s also produced the 1985 Chicago Bears, who posted an 18–1 record under head coach Mike Ditka; quarterback Jim McMahon; and Hall of Fame running back Walter Payton. Their team won Super Bowl XX in dominant fashion. The Washington Redskins and New York Giants were also top teams of this period; the Redskins won Super Bowls XVII, XXII, and XXVI. The Giants claimed Super Bowls XXI and XXV. As in the 1970s, the Oakland Raiders were the only team to interrupt the Super Bowl dominance of other teams; they won Super Bowls XV and XVIII (the latter as the Los Angeles Raiders).",
"title": "Super Bowl"
},
{
"docid": "29136#0",
"text": "Super Bowl X was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1975 season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys by the score of 21–17 to win their second consecutive Super Bowl. They were the third team to win back-to-back Super Bowls. (The Miami Dolphins won Super Bowls VII and VIII, and the Green Bay Packers won Super Bowls I and II.) It was also the first Super Bowl in which both participating teams had previously won a Super Bowl, as the Steelers were the defending champions and the Cowboys had won Super Bowl VI.",
"title": "Super Bowl X"
},
{
"docid": "27718#57",
"text": "The designated \"home team\" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered games and the AFC team in even-numbered games. This alternation was initiated with the first Super Bowl, when the Green Bay Packers were the designated home team. Regardless of being the home or away team of record, each team has their team logo and wordmark painted in one of the end zones. Designated away teams have won 30 of 51 Super Bowls to date (approximately 59%).\nSince Super Bowl XIII in January 1979, the home team is given the choice of wearing their colored or white jerseys. Originally, the designated home team had to wear their colored jerseys, which resulted in Dallas donning their less exposed dark blue jerseys for Super Bowl V. While most of the home teams in the Super Bowl have chosen to wear their colored jerseys, there have been six (6) exceptions: the Dallas Cowboys during Super Bowl XIII and XXVII, the Washington Redskins during Super Bowl XVII, the Pittsburgh Steelers during Super Bowl XL, the Denver Broncos during Super Bowl 50, and the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII. The Cowboys, since , have worn white jerseys at home. The Redskins wore white at home under coach Joe Gibbs starting in through , continued by Richie Petitbon and Norv Turner through , then again when Gibbs returned from through . Meanwhile, the Steelers, who have always worn their black jerseys at home since the AFL–NFL merger in , opted for the white jerseys after winning three consecutive playoff games on the road, wearing white. The Steelers' decision was compared with the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XX; the Patriots had worn white jerseys at home during the season, but after winning road playoff games against the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins wearing red jerseys, New England opted to switch to crimson for the Super Bowl as the designated home team. For the Broncos in Super Bowl 50, Denver general manager John Elway simply stated, \"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms\"; they previously had been in Super Bowls when wearing their orange jerseys. The Broncos' decision is also perceived to be made out of superstition, losing all Super Bowl games with the orange jerseys in terrible fashion. It is unclear why the Patriots chose to wear their white jerseys for Super Bowl LII. During the pairing of Bill Belichick and Tom Brady, New England has mostly worn their blue jerseys for home games, but have worn white for a home game in the , , and seasons. The New England Patriots were 3-0 in their white uniforms in Super Bowls prior to Super Bowl LII with Belichick and Brady, and they may have been going on recent trends of teams who wear white for the Super Bowl game. White-shirted teams have won 33 of 52 Super Bowls to date (63%). The only teams to win in their dark-colored uniform in more recent years are the Green Bay Packers against the Pittsburgh Steelers in Super Bowl XLV and the Philadelphia Eagles against the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LII, with teams in white winning 12 of the last 14 Super Bowls.",
"title": "Super Bowl"
}
] |
[
0.4728027284145355,
0.15002135932445526,
-0.4349731504917145,
-0.12430725246667862,
0.16102752089500427,
0.30978813767433167,
0.40070801973342896,
-0.2905029356479645,
0.36864012479782104,
0.13065186142921448,
-0.1314777433872223,
-0.29756468534469604,
-0.3847900331020355,
0.39180296659469604,
-0.34393310546875,
-0.06638183444738388,
0.6014648675918579,
0.2730163633823395,
0.06089477613568306,
-0.2785278260707855,
0.24761962890625,
0.34881591796875,
0.10975952446460724,
0.09384937584400177,
0.0011093139182776213,
-0.529223620891571,
-0.3998046815395355,
0.21279601752758026,
0.33623045682907104,
0.28028565645217896,
0.17766723036766052,
-0.050254058092832565,
0.22059325873851776,
0.805102527141571,
-0.484375,
0.19429931044578552,
0.006131553556770086,
0.18202820420265198,
-0.15777282416820526,
0.269012451171875,
0.09106139838695526,
-0.10664062201976776,
0.706298828125,
0.023557662963867188,
0.7032715082168579,
-0.1111907958984375,
0.07199402153491974,
0.126068115234375,
-0.2249755859375,
0.040328215807676315,
-0.006695556454360485,
-0.04229431226849556,
-0.09819336235523224,
-0.23160704970359802,
-0.297769159078598,
0.06699218600988388,
-0.18098506331443787,
0.965136706829071,
-0.07386627048254013,
-0.518750011920929,
0.22477416694164276,
0.24761962890625,
0.024675751104950905,
0.12338753044605255,
-0.16258735954761505,
0.16884231567382812,
-0.12860412895679474,
0.3099365234375,
-0.10344085842370987,
0.24946288764476776,
0.3249755799770355,
0.3791747987270355,
0.24394531548023224,
-0.14060477912425995,
0.005786132998764515,
-0.5528320074081421,
0.1332169473171234,
0.5047363042831421,
0.3303466737270355,
-0.35002440214157104,
0.4447265565395355,
-0.08718661963939667,
-0.4726928770542145,
0.1575775146484375,
0.2612152099609375,
0.301025390625,
0.13231201469898224,
0.29908448457717896,
0.15277405083179474,
0.523266613483429,
-0.4134277403354645,
-0.129161074757576,
0.2789855897426605,
0.03424072265625,
0.0731048583984375,
0.174102783203125,
0.27215576171875,
-0.014736557379364967,
0.3266845643520355,
-0.23847046494483948,
-0.12383727729320526,
-0.15031738579273224,
-0.00007362365431617945,
0.28477782011032104,
0.104827880859375,
-0.2800537049770355,
-0.4918212890625,
0.04799842834472656,
0.25725096464157104,
0.1540985107421875,
0.017520904541015625,
0.0377843864262104,
0.07194061577320099,
-0.071996308863163,
0.093353271484375,
0.27906495332717896,
0.1941986083984375,
-0.13271483778953552,
-0.12280883640050888,
-0.5648193359375,
0.5435791015625,
0.2147674560546875,
-0.29108887910842896,
-0.087488554418087,
-0.22450561821460724,
0.09853210300207138,
0.59716796875,
-0.14986877143383026,
0.607373058795929,
0.73388671875,
0.2939209043979645,
0.2493896484375,
0.11778869479894638,
0.519335925579071,
0.034436799585819244,
0.04378356784582138,
0.12052612006664276,
-0.15045776963233948,
-0.14950256049633026,
0.02093353308737278,
-0.10048218071460724,
0.025043487548828125,
0.23856201767921448,
0.403106689453125,
-0.15952453017234802,
0.38359373807907104,
0.05813140794634819,
0.27025145292282104,
0.20049437880516052,
0.12725524604320526,
0.1172274500131607,
0.666943371295929,
-0.2833618223667145,
0.20576171576976776,
0.04939575120806694,
0.04838447645306587,
0.5038818120956421,
0.05683593824505806,
-0.21278075873851776,
0.006782913114875555,
0.76611328125,
0.36082762479782104,
0.11124572902917862,
-0.01132278423756361,
0.23133239150047302,
0.03940582275390625,
-0.03302116319537163,
0.25689697265625,
0.4931640625,
-0.10322876274585724,
-0.17913818359375,
0.013622283935546875,
0.054177094250917435,
-0.010066223330795765,
0.23045043647289276,
0.3693603575229645,
-0.44549560546875,
0.08582687377929688,
0.21817703545093536,
-0.06644082069396973,
-0.18730469048023224,
0.4969482421875,
0.6075439453125,
0.147898867726326,
0.3871093690395355,
0.38067626953125,
-0.11884460598230362,
-0.01887226104736328,
-0.143951416015625,
0.03832721710205078,
0.3147949278354645,
-0.02542724646627903,
0.3075317442417145,
-0.19995728135108948,
0.23970337212085724,
-0.1670747697353363,
-0.17216797173023224,
0.262451171875,
-0.14556121826171875,
0.3822998106479645,
-0.11777038872241974,
-0.06546936184167862,
-0.42431640625,
0.07659301906824112,
0.23899535834789276,
-0.11512775719165802,
-0.17142334580421448,
-0.17796020209789276,
-0.24194946885108948,
0.11913605034351349,
-0.05448608472943306,
0.19838257133960724,
-0.16903991997241974,
0.30501097440719604,
0.023241806775331497,
0.4906249940395355,
-0.3918907046318054,
0.01853332482278347,
0.3738342225551605,
0.41572266817092896,
-0.09811554104089737,
0.533374011516571,
0.14815673232078552,
0.08163299411535263,
0.28044432401657104,
-0.6699463129043579,
-0.3419189453125,
-0.4104247987270355,
-0.0011741637717932463,
0.4688720703125,
0.570019543170929,
-0.05479736253619194,
-0.1354019194841385,
0.09216384589672089,
0.21048584580421448,
0.13318482041358948,
0.06485442817211151,
-0.014035033993422985,
-0.15521392226219177,
-0.10944442451000214,
0.28973388671875,
-0.12556762993335724,
-0.19190368056297302,
0.01513519324362278,
0.22478027641773224,
0.20208510756492615,
0.27918702363967896,
-0.04254303127527237,
-0.4974365234375,
-0.48857420682907104,
0.20655517280101776,
-0.3165527284145355,
-0.04346618801355362,
0.4986205995082855,
0.024638747796416283,
0.20553207397460938,
0.3114379942417145,
0.10267791897058487,
-0.14360961318016052,
0.16105346381664276,
-0.10958175361156464,
0.2835021913051605,
0.49382323026657104,
0.6064453125,
0.3875732421875,
0.0218963623046875,
0.0016586303245276213,
0.4935302734375,
0.14856567978858948,
0.35460203886032104,
0.19497986137866974,
-0.25371092557907104,
0.18769530951976776,
-0.08610763400793076,
-0.00986328162252903,
-0.00492782611399889,
0.12618713080883026,
0.23631401360034943,
-0.3692382872104645,
0.216888427734375,
0.30919188261032104,
0.28966063261032104,
-0.22056885063648224,
0.12054443359375,
0.2902587950229645,
0.24303284287452698,
0.13803711533546448,
-0.3136352598667145,
-0.1024879440665245,
-0.16679687798023224,
0.23798827826976776,
0.48151856660842896,
-0.25635987520217896,
-0.009426116943359375,
-0.06827087700366974,
0.12771300971508026,
0.2750244140625,
-0.04203643649816513,
0.023198699578642845,
-0.13161620497703552,
0.6434326171875,
-0.4151855409145355,
0.022290801629424095,
0.04823913425207138,
0.21892699599266052,
-0.04045867919921875,
0.2168319672346115,
0.5255371332168579,
-0.3425537049770355,
0.23786774277687073,
0.5790039300918579,
-0.16631469130516052,
0.06879730522632599,
0.3290771543979645,
0.5928710699081421,
0.841552734375,
0.20579834282398224,
0.16174010932445526,
0.5645751953125,
0.22983399033546448,
-0.210113525390625,
-0.18244019150733948,
-0.3158813416957855,
-0.038596153259277344,
0.17437133193016052,
-0.36956483125686646,
-0.08503265678882599,
-0.31298828125,
0.242076113820076,
0.47900390625,
0.5718139410018921,
0.24484404921531677,
-0.14825744926929474,
-0.19386596977710724,
-0.18632659316062927,
0.09445495903491974,
0.32469481229782104,
0.35950928926467896,
0.08646392822265625,
-0.08861389011144638,
-0.13422994315624237,
0.11949042975902557,
0.25933837890625,
0.36506348848342896,
-0.008877563290297985,
-0.24940185248851776,
0.54736328125,
-0.01172485388815403,
0.3620971739292145,
-0.17671355605125427,
0.2619262635707855,
0.13225898146629333,
-0.4034667909145355,
0.100921630859375,
0.15902404487133026,
0.0028144835960119963,
0.23842772841453552,
-0.03689270094037056,
0.12329711765050888,
-0.1747138947248459,
0.23321533203125,
0.03278827667236328,
-0.047216035425662994,
0.015200424008071423,
0.09409485012292862,
-0.13368892669677734,
-0.2739013731479645,
0.040548183023929596,
-0.016485024243593216,
0.20229873061180115,
-0.0073867798782885075,
-0.13981303572654724,
0.17431640625,
0.18102416396141052,
-0.11846313625574112,
-0.024187659844756126,
-0.2664245665073395,
0.4482788145542145,
0.5887695550918579,
0.1519210785627365,
0.22487182915210724,
0.538769543170929,
0.2672485411167145,
-0.0875648483633995,
-0.5764404535293579,
-0.1674041748046875,
-0.21403808891773224,
0.06557922065258026,
0.13327331840991974,
0.034477997571229935,
0.22333984076976776,
-0.13542480766773224,
0.14899444580078125,
0.2684040069580078,
-0.16504821181297302,
0.023314666002988815,
0.19675903022289276,
0.25373536348342896,
0.21940307319164276,
0.15367165207862854,
0.0589052215218544,
0.33403319120407104,
0.22220459580421448,
0.4207763671875,
4.126562595367432,
0.012735748663544655,
-0.015323067083954811,
-0.06046600267291069,
-0.24129638075828552,
0.304931640625,
0.672119140625,
-0.6580810546875,
0.009586716070771217,
-0.08418579399585724,
-0.25950926542282104,
-0.17205810546875,
-0.15790405869483948,
0.21520385146141052,
-0.03160562366247177,
0.3136840760707855,
0.3109374940395355,
-0.05269012600183487,
0.07626495510339737,
0.2883667051792145,
-0.5484374761581421,
-0.039229582995176315,
0.2503906190395355,
-0.2060089111328125,
0.600598156452179,
-0.229766845703125,
0.2385406494140625,
-0.1118083968758583,
-0.04529571533203125,
0.1342514008283615,
-0.08261718600988388,
-0.29039305448532104,
0.056981660425662994,
0.17796020209789276,
-0.7923828363418579,
0.677734375,
0.26762694120407104,
0.149810791015625,
-0.15234680473804474,
0.07883300632238388,
-0.15843506157398224,
-0.18833617866039276,
0.4039550721645355,
0.3820556700229645,
0.08619079738855362,
-0.010571288876235485,
-0.29478150606155396,
0.41511231660842896,
-0.07233352959156036,
0.29922181367874146,
0.38920897245407104,
0.01479349099099636,
-0.29144287109375,
-0.15955504775047302,
0.40764158964157104,
0.30832213163375854,
0.20904541015625,
0.04483490064740181,
-0.10863952338695526,
0.23552246391773224,
-0.12958888709545135,
-0.13821181654930115,
0.12936706840991974,
-0.11211548000574112,
-0.03084716759622097,
0.022986412048339844,
0.10318603366613388,
0.3870605528354645,
-0.09142913669347763,
-0.31863707304000854,
0.3008361756801605,
0.293701171875,
0.521899402141571,
-0.19791564345359802,
-0.24250487983226776,
-0.587963879108429,
0.07821960747241974,
0.05597228929400444,
0.0807037353515625,
0.27000731229782104,
0.09440002590417862,
0.17467650771141052,
-0.07598038017749786,
0.4660400450229645,
-0.21771851181983948,
0.44560545682907104,
-0.23223266005516052,
-0.46525877714157104,
0.32764893770217896,
0.08065032958984375,
0.13889464735984802,
0.19471435248851776,
0.21437987685203552,
-0.246856689453125,
0.25587159395217896,
0.06831512600183487,
0.01972808875143528,
-4.040820121765137,
0.13764648139476776,
0.09442977607250214,
0.11624641716480255,
0.07293701171875,
0.29228514432907104,
0.00013809204392600805,
0.37272948026657104,
-0.35283201932907104,
0.45869141817092896,
-0.07261047512292862,
0.14098358154296875,
-0.02640075609087944,
0.644775390625,
0.4049316346645355,
0.23394469916820526,
0.47282713651657104,
-0.00973434466868639,
0.653613269329071,
-0.15465697646141052,
0.2268218994140625,
0.534106433391571,
0.3642578125,
-0.17589721083641052,
0.656567394733429,
-0.019256591796875,
0.13637085258960724,
-0.017002105712890625,
0.02870941162109375,
-0.11317901313304901,
0.303628534078598,
-0.06288452446460724,
0.39934080839157104,
-0.3483642637729645,
0.16534575819969177,
0.17900696396827698,
0.5038818120956421,
-0.04589233547449112,
0.6971191167831421,
0.4111084043979645,
-0.26274412870407104,
0.12246093899011612,
0.4646972715854645,
0.00887908972799778,
0.19148559868335724,
0.02994079515337944,
-0.2675537168979645,
0.12900391221046448,
0.06085477024316788,
0.14898987114429474,
0.16887816786766052,
-0.05071868747472763,
-0.4797607362270355,
-0.14904479682445526,
0.35133057832717896,
0.09438476711511612,
0.28160399198532104,
0.41881102323532104,
0.19210663437843323,
-0.16510009765625,
-0.02596282958984375,
-0.06745147705078125,
0.0407620444893837,
0.6578369140625,
0.22827300429344177,
0.22679443657398224,
-0.14256134629249573,
-0.0435333251953125,
-0.24757690727710724,
-0.24448852241039276,
0.00959930382668972,
0.25140380859375,
0.13766098022460938,
0.18956604599952698,
-0.03045959398150444,
0.06818237155675888,
0.010555649176239967,
0.06059875339269638,
0.5260009765625,
0.2938476502895355,
-0.21441650390625,
-0.030828094109892845,
-0.26190185546875,
0.22067566215991974,
2.38671875,
0.3733886778354645,
2.16162109375,
0.28089600801467896,
-0.15667743980884552,
0.3251586854457855,
-0.25457763671875,
0.02571392059326172,
0.3598388731479645,
-0.07536621391773224,
0.183787539601326,
0.23000183701515198,
0.073822021484375,
-0.0665740966796875,
-0.4206787049770355,
-0.09118346869945526,
0.37089842557907104,
-0.7987304925918579,
-0.02277526818215847,
-0.4113525450229645,
0.25370484590530396,
-0.17926025390625,
-0.22878417372703552,
0.21242675185203552,
0.44794923067092896,
0.05817871168255806,
-0.4495849609375,
0.11874084174633026,
-0.0034161091316491365,
-0.13116836547851562,
-0.27629393339157104,
-0.10273227840662003,
0.22248229384422302,
-0.01925354078412056,
0.6263183355331421,
0.5636962652206421,
0.03261222690343857,
4.72265625,
0.32688599824905396,
-0.018682098016142845,
0.24134521186351776,
0.061713408678770065,
-0.12562713027000427,
0.13507995009422302,
0.0687103271484375,
-0.09610672295093536,
-0.14032745361328125,
0.10400848090648651,
0.637927234172821,
-0.05454406887292862,
-0.030821990221738815,
0.1274459809064865,
-0.10374756157398224,
0.18983764946460724,
0.2574462890625,
0.30427855253219604,
0.0653165802359581,
0.27491456270217896,
-0.00807952880859375,
0.39606934785842896,
0.03270416334271431,
0.20212402939796448,
0.14303894340991974,
0.17510338127613068,
-0.05972900241613388,
-0.111175537109375,
0.15733031928539276,
0.03036956861615181,
5.4765625,
0.14218369126319885,
-0.018534088507294655,
0.06811217963695526,
-0.006080531980842352,
0.1574760377407074,
-0.11932678520679474,
-0.1571502685546875,
-0.2959838807582855,
-0.05407409742474556,
-0.19533690810203552,
-0.06767425686120987,
0.0354461669921875,
0.4902099668979645,
0.3231140077114105,
0.3510681092739105,
-0.3595947325229645,
0.16265258193016052,
0.12923583388328552,
0.048339080065488815,
1.0039551258087158,
-0.18115234375,
0.1627628356218338,
-0.40294188261032104,
-0.190032958984375,
0.06001891940832138,
0.28355711698532104,
0.4473632872104645,
-0.21629944443702698,
-0.20627745985984802,
0.43928223848342896,
0.04663543775677681,
-0.030101489275693893,
0.11849822849035263,
-0.42888182401657104,
0.19162598252296448,
0.146647647023201,
0.25205689668655396,
0.11278953403234482,
0.01377944927662611,
0.03277416154742241,
0.593212902545929,
-0.11106643825769424,
-0.05903778225183487,
-0.265106201171875,
-0.17219848930835724,
0.08049926906824112,
-0.05058746412396431,
-0.09601440280675888,
0.03878479078412056,
0.10260315239429474,
-0.22932739555835724,
0.953417956829071,
0.005184173583984375,
0.189849853515625,
0.3092895448207855,
0.04887962341308594,
-0.3371643126010895,
-0.1724601686000824,
0.022687530145049095,
0.2775207459926605,
0.10515137016773224,
-0.18752136826515198,
0.6187744140625,
0.48710936307907104,
0.33111572265625,
0.014373779296875,
0.015707015991210938,
0.4997314512729645,
-0.16934509575366974,
-0.12615966796875,
0.052518557757139206,
0.029767226427793503,
0.0810089111328125,
-0.28666990995407104,
0.0049530030228197575,
0.27937012910842896,
0.0951995849609375,
0.026271820068359375,
0.006538772489875555,
-0.2568603456020355,
-0.4671874940395355,
-0.39179688692092896,
0.09100341796875,
0.26362305879592896,
-0.03224487230181694,
-0.22199097275733948,
0.22414550185203552,
0.13013915717601776,
0.2936157286167145,
0.1333770751953125,
0.32880860567092896,
-0.13882751762866974,
0.5704101324081421,
-0.07704468071460724,
-0.3464111387729645,
0.39118653535842896,
0.24657592177391052,
0.0825347900390625,
0.23360595107078552,
0.10652923583984375,
-0.11954955756664276,
-0.10163304954767227,
0.3163696229457855,
0.29896241426467896,
-0.07655715942382812,
0.13255348801612854,
-0.0027781487442553043,
-0.024540137499570847,
0.06302185356616974,
0.1390228271484375,
0.16436004638671875,
-0.00840148888528347,
-0.18718262016773224,
-0.149372860789299
] |
2139
|
Where is the story of A Nightmare on Elm Street set?
|
[
{
"docid": "1230988#3",
"text": "Each week \"Freddy's Nightmares\" told a different story of a dark rooted and/or grim nature that took place in the fictitious town of Springwood, Ohio, and in particular, on Elm Street; the same setting as the \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\" films. Though the Freddy Krueger character would occasionally play a part in the plot, most of the stories did not involve him (it was, however, often hinted that Krueger indirectly influenced the desolate nature of the plotlines).",
"title": "Freddy's Nightmares"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "15476854#45",
"text": "In \"Nightmares on Elm Street\", a six-issue miniseries published by Innovation Comics, Alice returns to Springwood following the death of her father and is forced to face Freddy after he again tries to use a pre-pubescent Jacob to kill. In the anthology \"The Nightmares on Elm Street: Freddy Krueger's Seven Sweetest Dreams,\"(1991) Alice appears in Philip Nutman's story \"Dead Highway, Lost Roads.\" After having been involved in a major accident, Alice becomes ensnared in the dreamworld by Freddy Krueger. She is trapped in a macabre \"Alice in Wonderland\" setting. With the aid of serial killer Karl Stolenberg and anthropomorphic armadillo Joe Bob, Jacob eventually finds Alice. A deranged Karl attacks Alice, but is returned to his senses by Jacob through physical force. Alice and Karl cooperate to defeat Freddy, though Karl perishes in the battle. With Freddy defeated, Alice and Jacob return to the waking world. She also appears in \"\", where a vision of Freddy causes her to meet with other Freddy and Jason survivors. She reveals that her dream powers have caused a terminal illness, and later sacrifices herself to pass her powers onto her son. The aforementioned comic series is not the only literature that has killed off Alice. Due to Alice having been killed by Freddy Krueger, her son Jacob is the main protagonist in Natasha Rhodes' novel \"A Nightmare on Elm Street: Perchance to Dream.\"",
"title": "List of A Nightmare on Elm Street characters"
},
{
"docid": "4511532#6",
"text": "To some extent Nancy reappears in \"Wes Craven's New Nightmare\". The story, which is set in the \"real world\", focuses on actress Heather Langenkamp being stalked by a malevolent entity. Over the course of the film, Heather learns from Wes Craven that the entity was locked in Freddy Krueger's character throughout the \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" film series. With the film series being ended after \"\" the entity has been set free, and wants to cross over into the real world in the form of Freddy Krueger. It views Heather as an enemy, seeing her as Nancy, who originally defeated him. In times, like Nancy, Heather's hair also went prematurely grey under the stress by Krueger's attacks. In order to battle the entity, who has kidnapped Heather's son Dylan Porter, Heather enters the dream world, where she traps him in a furnace and seemingly destroys him. However, it is referred by Krueger's creator that the entity is imprisoned to the film franchise's make-believe world once more.",
"title": "Nancy Thompson (A Nightmare on Elm Street)"
},
{
"docid": "3037946#0",
"text": "A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors is a 1987 American slasher film directed by Chuck Russell. The story was developed by Wes Craven and Bruce Wagner. It is the third installment in the \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" series and stars Heather Langenkamp, Patricia Arquette, Larry Fishburne, Priscilla Pointer, Craig Wasson, and Robert Englund. The plot centers around the antagonist, Freddy Krueger, who seeks to murder the remaining children of the parents who burned him to death. The kids are committed to a mental hospital where Nancy Thompson, whose parents helped to kill Krueger, works. Freddy does not know that Nancy is training the kids to control their dreams in order to fight him. The film was followed by another sequel, \"\", a year later.",
"title": "A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors"
},
{
"docid": "41256566#0",
"text": "A Nightmare on Elm Street refers to installments in the \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\" film series, an American horror franchise beginning with the 1984 film, \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\", and based on the fictional character Freddy Krueger, who stalks teenagers in their dreams and kills them. Most media within the franchise include the phrase, \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\", as part of their title.",
"title": "List of A Nightmare on Elm Street media"
},
{
"docid": "296558#9",
"text": "The basis for the original \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" has been said to have been inspired by several newspaper articles printed in the \"LA Times\" in the 1970s on a group of Khmer refugees, who, after fleeing to America from the Khmer Rouge Genocide in Cambodia, were suffering disturbing nightmares after which they refused to sleep. Some of the men died in their sleep soon after. Medical authorities called the phenomenon \"Asian Death Syndrome\". The condition itself afflicted only men between the ages of 19-57 and is believed to be sudden unexplained death syndrome and/or Brugada syndrome. The 1970s pop song \"Dream Weaver\" by Gary Wright sealed the story for Craven, giving him not only an artistic setting to \"jump off\" from, but a synthesizer riff from the \"Elm Street\" soundtrack as well. It has also been stated that he drew some inspiration after studying eastern religions.",
"title": "A Nightmare on Elm Street (franchise)"
},
{
"docid": "23286957#26",
"text": "On May 22, 2009, the \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" film crew went on location to the city of Gary, Indiana to film scenes at a Methodist church. The studio had negotiated with the city for months before finally settling on a deal. According to Ben Clement, the executive director of the Gary Office of Film and Television, the studio was looking for \"an architectural style that would fit the story line of the film\". The film crew returned to the streets of Gary first in June to film a dream sequence that takes place on Elm Street and later in December to shoot some scenes in a diner.",
"title": "A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 film)"
},
{
"docid": "23286957#0",
"text": "A Nightmare on Elm Street is a 2010 American slasher film directed by Samuel Bayer, and written by Wesley Strick and Eric Heisserer. The film stars Jackie Earle Haley, Kyle Gallner, Rooney Mara, Katie Cassidy, Thomas Dekker, and Kellan Lutz. It is a remake of Wes Craven's 1984 film of the same name. Produced by Michael Bay and Platinum Dunes, the film was designed to reboot the \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" franchise and is the ninth film in the series. The film is set in a fictitious town of Ohio and centers around a group of teenagers living on one street who are stalked and murdered in their dreams by a disfigured man named Freddy Krueger. The teenagers discover that they all share a common link from their childhood that makes them targets for Krueger.",
"title": "A Nightmare on Elm Street (2010 film)"
},
{
"docid": "3028191#10",
"text": "\"A Nightmare on Elm Street\" contains many biographical elements from director Wes Craven's childhood. The basis of the film was inspired by several newspaper articles printed in the \"Los Angeles Times\" in the 1970s about Southeast Asian refugees, who, after fleeing to the United States because of war and genocide in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, suffered disturbing nightmares and refused to sleep. Some of the men died in their sleep soon after. Medical authorities called the phenomenon Asian Death Syndrome. The condition afflicted men between the ages of 19 and 57 and was believed to be sudden unexplained death syndrome or Brugada syndrome or both. The 1970s pop song \"Dream Weaver\" by Gary Wright sealed the story for Craven, giving him not only an artistic setting to jump off from, but a synthesizer riff for the movie soundtrack. Craven has also stated that he drew some inspiration for the film from Eastern religions.",
"title": "A Nightmare on Elm Street"
},
{
"docid": "4984817#0",
"text": "The popularity of the \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\" film series has led to several comic book series published by Marvel Comics, Innovation Publishing, Trident Comics, Avatar Press and WildStorm Productions. After the success of \"Freddy vs. Jason\" and \"The Texas Chainsaw Massacre\" remake film in 2003, New Line Cinema created their \"House of Horror\" licensing division which licensed the \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\" franchise to Avatar Press for use in new comic book stories, the first of which was published in 2005. In 2006, Avatar Press lost the license to DC Comics imprint, WildStorm Productions who has since published several new stories based on the franchise.",
"title": "A Nightmare on Elm Street (comics)"
}
] |
[
0.6868721842765808,
-0.1696101576089859,
-0.3271920382976532,
0.4534737765789032,
0.23075048625469208,
0.09796142578125,
0.2971453070640564,
-0.3052280843257904,
0.3007768988609314,
0.239501953125,
0.1270839124917984,
-0.3615024983882904,
-0.2752293050289154,
-0.09164537489414215,
0.12433569878339767,
-0.2746712863445282,
0.4119873046875,
-0.11323165893554688,
0.04084668681025505,
0.2117919921875,
-0.1651393324136734,
0.4456612765789032,
0.21196746826171875,
0.07864216715097427,
0.034692492336034775,
-0.06872081756591797,
-0.2139325886964798,
0.0330483578145504,
-0.1838422566652298,
0.4783586859703064,
0.5948486328125,
0.12175512313842773,
0.2547694742679596,
-0.02664620615541935,
-0.6260288953781128,
0.1955479234457016,
0.15108980238437653,
-0.13911111652851105,
0.19650813937187195,
0.2927071750164032,
0.1036791130900383,
-0.0694165900349617,
0.8542829155921936,
-0.0512302927672863,
0.6593540906906128,
0.4504132866859436,
0.020980289205908775,
-0.01766095869243145,
-0.04389694705605507,
-0.1737191379070282,
-0.2641078531742096,
-0.2052263468503952,
0.20033155381679535,
-0.3283168375492096,
-0.359222948551178,
0.702880859375,
0.2956717312335968,
-0.2275957316160202,
-0.04506247490644455,
-0.19242899119853973,
0.163238525390625,
-0.1822749525308609,
-0.3419189453125,
0.18891504406929016,
0.26168712973594666,
0.13853719830513,
0.14439718425273895,
0.3035103976726532,
0.13257434964179993,
-0.3402622640132904,
-0.1266678422689438,
0.5036446452140808,
0.5876639485359192,
-0.3789585530757904,
0.16087667644023895,
-0.4135393500328064,
0.2366463840007782,
0.19769613444805145,
0.218048095703125,
-0.3161359429359436,
0.5122767686843872,
-0.03282424435019493,
-0.10607365518808365,
0.23633848130702972,
-0.32891845703125,
0.3090122640132904,
-0.05463927239179611,
0.136688232421875,
0.1005270853638649,
0.2895246148109436,
-0.02455008029937744,
-0.16446685791015625,
-0.2915409505367279,
0.01960495486855507,
0.2948870062828064,
-0.009274618700146675,
0.2067762166261673,
-0.17330387234687805,
0.1021401509642601,
-0.3575352132320404,
0.2164219468832016,
-0.1445203572511673,
0.2660800516605377,
-0.08191245049238205,
0.1749223917722702,
-0.3688005805015564,
-0.4059317409992218,
-0.12675844132900238,
0.7490059733390808,
0.4762485921382904,
0.6077008843421936,
-0.2197221964597702,
-0.11149024963378906,
-0.0324292853474617,
-0.2547563910484314,
0.4888567328453064,
0.0728498175740242,
-0.06037316843867302,
-0.5112242102622986,
-0.8573521375656128,
0.5063999891281128,
0.37725830078125,
-0.2819126546382904,
0.3961181640625,
-0.20989990234375,
-0.04267515614628792,
0.5831298828125,
-0.19096048176288605,
0.7301897406578064,
0.5932442545890808,
-0.1141030415892601,
0.3305402398109436,
0.1754738986492157,
0.6591796875,
0.5160086750984192,
0.0663132518529892,
0.09818049520254135,
0.0948856920003891,
0.25888824462890625,
-0.1274672895669937,
-0.01804024912416935,
0.3203212320804596,
0.13733018934726715,
0.5659583210945129,
-0.06863103806972504,
0.2667149007320404,
-0.0025272369384765625,
0.4394182562828064,
0.1477421373128891,
0.2830025851726532,
0.14663097262382507,
-0.10246821492910385,
0.18418611586093903,
0.3149152398109436,
-0.02882930263876915,
0.1399884968996048,
-0.1849866658449173,
0.3655264675617218,
-0.16271646320819855,
0.1468963623046875,
0.6125662922859192,
0.3772146999835968,
0.26636001467704773,
-0.0531834177672863,
0.2700849175453186,
0.0621468685567379,
-0.1560516357421875,
0.4162859320640564,
0.4060320258140564,
-0.2417166531085968,
-0.2835170328617096,
0.2175685316324234,
0.5021275281906128,
-0.3546142578125,
0.3378383219242096,
0.181182861328125,
-0.24666500091552734,
-0.004781314171850681,
-0.1438010036945343,
-0.06380517035722733,
-0.0988333597779274,
0.376708984375,
0.3762054443359375,
0.3519112765789032,
0.5596400499343872,
0.3747209906578064,
0.00986371748149395,
0.24557603895664215,
-0.07261385023593903,
0.2143009752035141,
0.3721662163734436,
0.23949432373046875,
0.6059046983718872,
-0.1528712660074234,
0.2712576687335968,
-0.24731554090976715,
-0.2843453586101532,
0.718017578125,
-0.1390010267496109,
-0.03802381083369255,
0.094635009765625,
0.12387534230947495,
-0.3103899359703064,
-0.04130227118730545,
0.3806937038898468,
-0.2611127495765686,
-0.2394627183675766,
0.0582754947245121,
-0.10892759263515472,
-0.3272029459476471,
-0.3306928277015686,
0.1625802218914032,
0.058316368609666824,
0.1926531046628952,
0.0027240344788879156,
0.3455025851726532,
0.0355006642639637,
-0.08460017293691635,
0.4568219780921936,
-0.1751774400472641,
-0.2788173258304596,
0.7268415093421936,
-0.21331188082695007,
-0.0660552978515625,
-0.08057158440351486,
-0.14960725605487823,
0.1550619900226593,
-0.3742850124835968,
0.14735957980155945,
0.2599835991859436,
0.3399178683757782,
0.2450169175863266,
-0.04044042155146599,
-0.2257428914308548,
0.17901611328125,
0.30153316259384155,
0.310089111328125,
-0.10172108560800552,
-0.26665061712265015,
0.1345149427652359,
-0.026818957179784775,
-0.1779841035604477,
0.0493948794901371,
0.1962803453207016,
0.4182041585445404,
-0.4007132351398468,
0.6974138617515564,
-0.04512133076786995,
-0.1778782457113266,
-0.5077776312828064,
0.3023419976234436,
-0.3315081000328064,
0.43498340249061584,
0.08174242079257965,
-0.1623099148273468,
0.2492850124835968,
-0.0302886962890625,
-0.03246743232011795,
-0.2903921902179718,
0.6392298936843872,
0.3458295464515686,
0.4391566812992096,
0.2021571546792984,
0.1148420050740242,
0.13358524441719055,
0.18060302734375,
0.047675471752882004,
0.5885009765625,
0.1185804083943367,
0.2066183090209961,
0.745361328125,
-0.5904192328453064,
-0.1834585964679718,
0.1970738023519516,
-0.2130650132894516,
-0.09960528463125229,
-0.33416748046875,
0.3723929226398468,
-0.3289271891117096,
0.1001674085855484,
0.422607421875,
-0.16021728515625,
-0.16662843525409698,
0.17967388033866882,
0.4433070719242096,
0.1444331556558609,
-0.6796526312828064,
0.1586347371339798,
-0.2811976969242096,
0.02092742919921875,
0.1697935312986374,
0.5114048719406128,
0.1332266628742218,
-0.4983694851398468,
0.3083539605140686,
0.1992218792438507,
0.0059285843744874,
0.2508544921875,
0.2103140652179718,
-0.10622698813676834,
0.6837245225906372,
-0.5434395670890808,
0.15489904582500458,
0.58349609375,
-0.0871952623128891,
-0.1183646097779274,
0.10702460259199142,
0.15360967814922333,
-0.3979753851890564,
-0.1462598592042923,
0.4640982449054718,
-0.6622837781906128,
-0.363037109375,
0.5900181531906128,
0.4713657796382904,
0.2977425754070282,
0.5307704210281372,
-0.0277077816426754,
0.5908900499343872,
0.1152016744017601,
0.5605381727218628,
-0.3632899820804596,
-0.4813406765460968,
-0.09888199716806412,
0.0842982679605484,
-0.6242152452468872,
-0.1164093017578125,
-0.1221858412027359,
0.7240862250328064,
-0.024920258671045303,
0.2521929144859314,
-0.0455692820250988,
0.04355185478925705,
0.1596832275390625,
-0.2368948757648468,
0.1975795179605484,
-0.09627123922109604,
0.6194850206375122,
0.08372851461172104,
-0.08976145833730698,
-0.25480106472969055,
-0.11382757127285004,
-0.07744108140468597,
0.4711042046546936,
0.08862794935703278,
-0.1340005099773407,
-0.016095297411084175,
-0.054463863372802734,
0.3962140679359436,
-0.1682782918214798,
0.1730343997478485,
0.1900460422039032,
-0.19275882840156555,
0.032135009765625,
0.4398367702960968,
0.2103467732667923,
0.1566542237997055,
0.787109375,
0.3751308023929596,
-0.1408688724040985,
-0.2027391642332077,
0.060625553131103516,
0.0686994269490242,
0.1310185045003891,
0.1742510050535202,
0.1907719224691391,
-0.10146822035312653,
0.5938372015953064,
0.3306361734867096,
0.038016729056835175,
-0.0073798042722046375,
0.37908935546875,
0.08241571485996246,
-0.1471928209066391,
-0.5102190375328064,
-0.3508649468421936,
-0.07790102064609528,
0.6636788249015808,
0.5083705186843872,
0.2868303656578064,
0.5524204969406128,
0.4465680718421936,
0.2224775105714798,
-0.05387115478515625,
-0.1367841511964798,
-0.01565190777182579,
-0.0053155082277953625,
0.16248838603496552,
0.028682777658104897,
0.008640016429126263,
0.1162174791097641,
-0.07572555541992188,
0.11799021810293198,
-0.0503714419901371,
-0.5249285101890564,
-0.2922930121421814,
-0.055835042148828506,
0.4679827094078064,
0.3165283203125,
-0.2987322211265564,
-0.1912841796875,
-0.12910570204257965,
0.5882917046546936,
0.3333217203617096,
4.2638115882873535,
0.3022722601890564,
0.1655055433511734,
-0.16659437119960785,
-0.1307525634765625,
0.2221330851316452,
0.4818987250328064,
-0.4681483805179596,
-0.03847640007734299,
0.07697514444589615,
0.5411376953125,
-0.10122517496347427,
-0.040225982666015625,
-0.1171112060546875,
0.2683061957359314,
0.3155691921710968,
0.541015625,
0.07019424438476562,
0.2303551286458969,
0.25994873046875,
-0.3937116265296936,
0.3590829074382782,
0.2117919921875,
-0.1870553195476532,
0.1840863972902298,
0.043172020465135574,
0.6739153265953064,
0.0396379753947258,
-0.023756299167871475,
0.4778006374835968,
0.5591692328453064,
0.0639016255736351,
-0.6103690266609192,
0.07891301065683365,
-0.8549281358718872,
0.3360770046710968,
0.4061453640460968,
0.1050197035074234,
0.3238263726234436,
0.3023332953453064,
-0.0929652601480484,
-0.0179574154317379,
0.2019784152507782,
0.4890834391117096,
0.2807268500328064,
0.10099335759878159,
-0.066986083984375,
0.4039480984210968,
-0.06192520633339882,
-0.15963172912597656,
-0.026424407958984375,
-0.2552577555179596,
0.045220308005809784,
-0.027929306030273438,
0.5098876953125,
0.4423653781414032,
0.2321079820394516,
0.2742702066898346,
0.1743338406085968,
0.18488094210624695,
-0.2943027913570404,
-0.1934247761964798,
-0.1579761505126953,
0.10609763115644455,
-0.10226113349199295,
-0.1712755411863327,
-0.022189004346728325,
0.09944697469472885,
0.014573506079614162,
-0.2944009006023407,
0.3802664577960968,
0.4087262749671936,
-0.097442626953125,
-0.13748714327812195,
0.0852944478392601,
-0.05620357021689415,
-0.10075201094150543,
0.34367260336875916,
-0.3696725070476532,
0.012040002271533012,
0.3503810465335846,
0.018729617819190025,
0.2391226589679718,
0.6018415093421936,
0.03743335232138634,
0.5291922688484192,
0.3180454671382904,
-0.010103498585522175,
0.2900412380695343,
-0.015457834117114544,
0.2721470296382904,
0.0492706298828125,
0.4300014078617096,
0.2351248562335968,
0.13858141005039215,
-0.024094173684716225,
0.3248857855796814,
-3.925083637237549,
0.1472255140542984,
0.006790093146264553,
0.060442786663770676,
-0.08052171766757965,
0.2587803304195404,
0.2525111734867096,
0.1828874796628952,
0.07413428276777267,
0.3879220187664032,
-0.2494724839925766,
-0.4786376953125,
-0.2506149709224701,
0.510009765625,
-0.2075456827878952,
0.09961210191249847,
0.3848964273929596,
0.2750680148601532,
-0.07305363565683365,
-0.0935211181640625,
0.041705865412950516,
-0.2889186441898346,
0.2581264078617096,
-0.2448381632566452,
0.1186458021402359,
0.008325985632836819,
0.1787043958902359,
-0.03169795498251915,
-0.2958221435546875,
0.233612060546875,
-0.07374245673418045,
0.015316554345190525,
0.4227992594242096,
-0.3324148952960968,
-0.08340562880039215,
0.1254054456949234,
0.3496878445148468,
0.1591600626707077,
0.2928030788898468,
0.21614837646484375,
0.05040441080927849,
0.2505640387535095,
0.3456246554851532,
0.1506674587726593,
0.1205575093626976,
0.2462179958820343,
0.035945143550634384,
0.1961539089679718,
0.1662270724773407,
-0.11990465223789215,
-0.145411416888237,
0.5461077094078064,
0.017681939527392387,
0.2941981852054596,
0.1639033704996109,
0.119842529296875,
-0.19744873046875,
0.16467367112636566,
0.551513671875,
0.407470703125,
0.1218981072306633,
-0.0808749869465828,
0.07000895589590073,
-0.2865077555179596,
0.2756388485431671,
-0.3534720242023468,
0.3649989664554596,
0.07999474555253983,
0.7196916937828064,
-0.3325522243976593,
0.0755201056599617,
0.0622318796813488,
0.171875,
-0.08021599799394608,
0.08800070732831955,
0.01363481767475605,
-0.0722830668091774,
0.0630013570189476,
0.2804696261882782,
0.2023751437664032,
-0.2618059515953064,
-0.0815647691488266,
-0.4459577202796936,
0.2571585476398468,
2.3294503688812256,
0.3193185031414032,
2.196498394012451,
0.5825020670890808,
-0.0048065185546875,
0.1163182258605957,
-0.5268685221672058,
0.3112356960773468,
0.022399356588721275,
0.015361241064965725,
-0.059060096740722656,
0.3299473226070404,
0.1245139017701149,
0.04852185770869255,
0.13923099637031555,
-0.004340035375207663,
0.3871111273765564,
-0.7325352430343628,
-0.2585318386554718,
0.2083282470703125,
0.5890241265296936,
-0.2703486979007721,
-0.0655442625284195,
0.406127393245697,
0.1978563517332077,
-0.3238176703453064,
-0.009654317982494831,
0.0130827771499753,
0.2733590304851532,
-0.013662747107446194,
-0.1072518453001976,
0.3528006374835968,
0.3353097140789032,
-0.1852896511554718,
0.07624489814043045,
0.07668522745370865,
0.04635827615857124,
4.664341449737549,
-0.0896955206990242,
-0.010834966786205769,
-0.18413379788398743,
-0.03519085422158241,
0.3930576741695404,
0.4478411078453064,
-0.1635524183511734,
-0.18953704833984375,
0.4539620578289032,
0.3222263753414154,
0.2925284206867218,
-0.1720450222492218,
0.08238111436367035,
0.4828403890132904,
0.1003090962767601,
-0.3270220160484314,
0.0928431898355484,
0.4259381890296936,
0.459228515625,
0.2172938734292984,
0.11370249837636948,
0.21198272705078125,
-0.140594482421875,
-0.3337445855140686,
0.045173101127147675,
0.15578106045722961,
-0.5236119031906128,
-0.08010537177324295,
0.2016034871339798,
0.4631609320640564,
5.4012274742126465,
-0.02416120283305645,
-0.004456383641809225,
-0.3062482476234436,
-0.3073904812335968,
0.2914951741695404,
-0.1246425062417984,
0.2513035237789154,
-0.4081508219242096,
-0.0872911736369133,
-0.10705893486738205,
-0.19110107421875,
-0.17700985074043274,
0.6376953125,
-0.0679343119263649,
-0.13638414442539215,
-0.2627912163734436,
-0.1111624613404274,
0.21413476765155792,
-0.3639439046382904,
0.5240740180015564,
0.0831974595785141,
0.05373396351933479,
-0.3128836452960968,
-0.36047908663749695,
0.0447714664041996,
-0.4360089898109436,
0.3102678656578064,
-0.013195037841796875,
0.2335859090089798,
0.14424242079257965,
0.2331760972738266,
-0.289764404296875,
0.2985752522945404,
-0.4937569797039032,
0.37760597467422485,
0.5918143391609192,
-0.1315416544675827,
-0.015472820959985256,
-0.27264404296875,
0.421875,
-0.07260240614414215,
-0.1158556267619133,
-0.3361075222492218,
-0.1597006618976593,
-0.3729945719242096,
-0.12481962144374847,
0.14542770385742188,
-0.2462245374917984,
0.1470293253660202,
0.1205858513712883,
-0.0983908548951149,
1.2499302625656128,
0.1543927937746048,
0.0027460369747132063,
0.2045200914144516,
0.04010118916630745,
0.203582763671875,
0.032222747802734375,
-0.341796875,
0.2130388468503952,
0.20587158203125,
0.07953180372714996,
0.12852586805820465,
0.5501011610031128,
-0.2241734117269516,
0.25885120034217834,
-0.09508460015058517,
0.4470040500164032,
-0.4358782172203064,
0.2217734158039093,
0.09718894958496094,
-0.1656145304441452,
-0.04356275126338005,
-0.2530779242515564,
0.26236072182655334,
0.4907270073890686,
-0.03445761650800705,
0.2909197211265564,
0.1566685289144516,
0.0774339959025383,
-0.2272469699382782,
-0.4225899875164032,
-0.3013218343257904,
0.3071855902671814,
-0.0986720472574234,
-0.2971540093421936,
0.1138392835855484,
0.63824462890625,
0.21795654296875,
-0.011909978464245796,
0.2616228461265564,
-0.2015119343996048,
0.4875706136226654,
-0.14286287128925323,
0.2809840738773346,
0.17147088050842285,
0.03711196407675743,
0.5051792860031128,
-0.12849834561347961,
0.4010729193687439,
0.2364458292722702,
0.092529296875,
-0.2319597452878952,
0.2187391072511673,
-0.01666763797402382,
-0.2170671671628952,
-0.3338361382484436,
-0.2057756632566452,
-0.09198325127363205,
0.5052141547203064,
-0.10910197347402573,
-0.256378173828125,
0.224090576171875,
-0.1463099867105484
] |
2140
|
When was the first volume of Monster?
|
[
{
"docid": "496013#4",
"text": "Written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa, \"Monster\" was published in \"Big Comic Original\" from December 1994 to December 2001. The 162 chapters were periodically collected into 18 \"tankōbon\" volumes published by Shogakukan, the first on 30 June 1995 and the last on 28 February 2002. While writing \"Monster\", Urasawa began the series \"20th Century Boys\" in 1999, which would continue after \"Monster\" had finished. \"Monster\" received a nine-volume \"kanzenban\" re-release between 30 January and 29 August 2008.",
"title": "Monster (manga)"
},
{
"docid": "41671421#0",
"text": "Written and illustrated by Naoki Urasawa, \"Monster\" was published in \"Big Comic Original\" from December 1994 to December 2001. The 162 chapters were periodically collected into 18 tankōbon volumes published by Shogakukan, the first on 30 June 1995 and the last on 28 February 2002. While writing \"Monster\", Urasawa began the series \"20th Century Boys\" in 1999, which would continue after \"Monster\" had finished.",
"title": "List of Monster chapters"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "23275071#19",
"text": "A manga titled \"Monster Hunter Orage\" was published jointly by Kodansha and Capcom in April 2008. The author of the manga is Hiro Mashima. There are four volumes total with the last volume published on May 4, 2009. An English release of \"Monster Hunter Orage\" first took place on June 28, 2011. Elements from \"Monster Hunter\" were later included in the \"Worlds Unite\" comic crossover from Archie Comics, which featured several other Capcom and Sega franchises making guest appearances in the previously running \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" and \"Mega Man\" comic lines.",
"title": "Monster Hunter"
},
{
"docid": "43111568#3",
"text": "Okayado (a pen name of Takemaru Inui) published the prototype for \"Monster Musume\" in \"Comic Ryu\"'s Anthology Comic \"Kemomo 02\", published by Tokuma Shoten, in 2011. He then reworked the story into a serialized publication, and the first chapter was published in Tokuma Shoten's \"seinen\" manga magazine \"Monthly Comic Ryū\" on 19 March 2012. The first collected \"tankōbon\" volume was released on 13 September 2012. The series moved to online-only serialization when \"Comic Ryū\" changed formats on 19 June 2018. The series has been licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment and in German by Kazé.",
"title": "Monster Musume"
},
{
"docid": "55161043#1",
"text": "The first volume was published by Fantagraphics on February 14, 2017. The graphic novel won the 2017 Ignatz Award for \"Outstanding Graphic Novel\" and three 2018 Eisner Awards, and was nominated for a Hugo Award. \"My Favorite Thing Is Monsters\" has received critical acclaim and is considered by many critics to be one of the best graphic novels of 2017.",
"title": "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters"
},
{
"docid": "41671421#1",
"text": "\"Monster\" was licensed in North America by Viz Media, who published all 18 volumes between 21 February 2006 and 16 December 2008. They will begin re-releasing the series in a two-in-one volume format in July 2014, titled \"Monster: The Perfect Edition\", with a new volume published every three months. The series has also received domestic releases in other countries, such as in Germany by Egmont Manga & Anime, in France and the Netherlands by Kana, in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini, in Brazil by Conrad Editora and later by Panini Comics, in Argentina by Larp Editores, in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing, in Mexico by Grupo Editorial Vid, and in Poland by Hanami.",
"title": "List of Monster chapters"
},
{
"docid": "18987014#4",
"text": "\"Monsters Unleashed\" was edited by Roy Thomas for the first six issues, succeeded by Tony Isabella, and then Don McGregor for the last two issues. The painted covers were illustrated by the likes of Gray Morrow, Boris Vallejo, Neal Adams, Frank Brunner, Bob Larkin, Richard Hescox, Earl Norem, and Jose Antonio Domingo. In addition to the 11 issues there was one annual publication in 1975 consisting completely of stories reprinted from the magazine.\nThe second volume of \"Monsters Unleashed\" is a Marvel Comics series published in 2017. It is the flagship title of the \"Monster Unleashed\" company-wide crossover story arc. Additionally, a tie-in trade paperback book, \"Monsters Unleashed Prelude\", reprinted late 1950s and early 1960s \"pre-superhero Marvel\" stories starring several of the giant monsters seen in the new series.",
"title": "Monsters Unleashed (comics)"
},
{
"docid": "464215#1",
"text": "MC1 \"Monstrous Compendium, Volume One\" was published by TSR in 1989. It was written by the TSR staff, with a cover by Jeff Easley, and interior illustrations by Jim Holloway, and came boxed with 144 loose-leaf pages and eight color cardstock dividers (each with a color painting on it) in a three-ring binder. This supplement was the basic monster book containing all the adversaries needed for a typical campaign using 2nd edition \"AD&D\" rules. Each monster has a description and illustration on its own page, and each page is separate, allowing for easy removal and retention of alphabetical order when monsters created by the DM or monsters from later additions are added in.",
"title": "Monstrous Compendium"
},
{
"docid": "496013#5",
"text": "\"Monster\" was licensed in North America by Viz Media, who published all 18 volumes between 21 February 2006 and 16 December 2008. They released the \"kanzenban\" version of the series, titled \"Monster: The Perfect Edition\", between 15 July 2014 and 19 July 2016. The series has also received domestic releases in other countries, such as in Germany by Egmont Manga & Anime, in France and the Netherlands by Kana, in Spain by Planeta DeAgostini, in Brazil by Conrad Editora and later by Panini Brasil, in Argentina by Larp Editores, in Taiwan by Tong Li Publishing, and in Mexico by Grupo Editorial Vid.",
"title": "Monster (manga)"
},
{
"docid": "21605848#0",
"text": "Yōkaiden is an ongoing original English-language manga written and illustrated by Nina Matsumoto and published by Del Rey Manga. The story features Hamachi, a boy fascinated by the Japanese monsters called \"yokai\". When one of these monsters steals his grandmother's soul, he travels into their world to retrieve it. The first volume was published on November 18, 2008, and as of November 24, 2009, two volumes were released.",
"title": "Yōkaiden"
}
] |
[
0.4290527403354645,
-0.009944153018295765,
0.06231536716222763,
-0.0784812942147255,
0.38524168729782104,
0.39726561307907104,
0.526660144329071,
-0.34294432401657104,
0.28692626953125,
-0.11723022162914276,
-0.175151064991951,
-0.2603515684604645,
-0.30766600370407104,
0.05877685546875,
-0.11014251410961151,
0.17486572265625,
0.36669921875,
0.2827514708042145,
0.2762695252895355,
-0.01050643902271986,
-0.44633787870407104,
0.548413097858429,
-0.08648528903722763,
-0.1054759994149208,
0.09216918796300888,
0.10773010551929474,
-0.30311888456344604,
0.2972412109375,
-0.0010692595969885588,
0.35865479707717896,
0.21787413954734802,
-0.08721170574426651,
-0.04224243015050888,
0.4324584901332855,
-0.630541980266571,
0.31944578886032104,
0.06729888916015625,
0.2818237245082855,
0.33109742403030396,
-0.20976562798023224,
-0.266937255859375,
0.10545501857995987,
0.5172363519668579,
-0.20053252577781677,
0.8052734136581421,
0.15093994140625,
0.07902984321117401,
-0.10111694037914276,
0.23787231743335724,
-0.028564024716615677,
-0.43977051973342896,
-0.3005127012729645,
-0.0431552417576313,
0.025917816907167435,
-0.19422301650047302,
0.02369842492043972,
-0.17696532607078552,
0.48002928495407104,
-0.3104797303676605,
-0.3013671934604645,
0.13414916396141052,
0.16633911430835724,
-0.1431884765625,
-0.2242080718278885,
-0.040064048022031784,
0.3304443359375,
0.2559265196323395,
0.21195068955421448,
-0.0365142822265625,
0.20616455376148224,
-0.025993919000029564,
0.655517578125,
0.5875488519668579,
-0.02317504957318306,
-0.223480224609375,
-0.20653076469898224,
0.14076384902000427,
0.474609375,
0.29130858182907104,
-0.018767166882753372,
0.4068847596645355,
-0.10594482719898224,
-0.4131103456020355,
0.07559585571289062,
-0.5859130620956421,
0.30345457792282104,
-0.13651886582374573,
0.26105958223342896,
0.25501710176467896,
0.31828612089157104,
-0.03928833082318306,
0.07724914699792862,
0.14263305068016052,
0.01699676550924778,
0.3415771424770355,
-0.005056190304458141,
0.174285888671875,
0.0435028076171875,
-0.13843384385108948,
-0.16141967475414276,
0.18474730849266052,
-0.2636962831020355,
-0.31242674589157104,
0.1524639129638672,
0.535937488079071,
-0.30598145723342896,
-0.506030261516571,
-0.055301666259765625,
0.03268127515912056,
0.466064453125,
0.04745159298181534,
-0.13246917724609375,
-0.23800811171531677,
-0.3538452088832855,
0.04841003566980362,
0.21112366020679474,
-0.026947688311338425,
0.006140327546745539,
-0.244140625,
-0.5664306879043579,
0.6144043207168579,
0.46491700410842896,
-0.31669920682907104,
-0.36940306425094604,
-0.43614500761032104,
-0.6859375238418579,
0.6341308355331421,
-0.053696442395448685,
0.7567383050918579,
0.41791993379592896,
-0.07124032825231552,
0.45329588651657104,
0.46245115995407104,
0.6739746332168579,
-0.048177339136600494,
-0.23040160536766052,
0.029342269524931908,
-0.10951385647058487,
-0.27222901582717896,
-0.126911923289299,
-0.11558227241039276,
-0.02090585231781006,
-0.00289154052734375,
0.5367187261581421,
0.12593689560890198,
0.04507751390337944,
0.09167633205652237,
0.3637451231479645,
0.062744140625,
0.45329588651657104,
0.7196289300918579,
0.4255127012729645,
-0.036058805882930756,
0.3526611328125,
-0.46782225370407104,
0.4404296875,
-0.05266113206744194,
0.16156157851219177,
-0.3988281190395355,
0.1320137083530426,
0.758984386920929,
0.2712036073207855,
0.07569046318531036,
-0.23994293808937073,
0.36887627840042114,
0.26451414823532104,
-0.07787475734949112,
0.33051759004592896,
0.606884777545929,
-0.122802734375,
-0.1031951904296875,
0.18396759033203125,
0.551342785358429,
-0.22831574082374573,
-0.01541290245950222,
0.4375244081020355,
-0.2947021424770355,
0.21103516221046448,
-0.29792481660842896,
-0.11626587063074112,
0.09398269653320312,
0.177947998046875,
0.50970458984375,
0.300323486328125,
0.549121081829071,
0.34068602323532104,
-0.45268553495407104,
-0.024878263473510742,
-0.3499389588832855,
0.3617187440395355,
0.3874267637729645,
0.01000137347728014,
0.684374988079071,
0.17729368805885315,
-0.22645263373851776,
-0.113433837890625,
-0.16375732421875,
0.13038329780101776,
-0.14034728705883026,
0.24385985732078552,
-0.666674792766571,
-0.07451782375574112,
-0.2997192442417145,
-0.05011596530675888,
0.4266113340854645,
-0.20897217094898224,
-0.060352325439453125,
0.3987182676792145,
-0.3461669981479645,
0.01271972618997097,
0.454345703125,
0.05561370775103569,
-0.06804156303405762,
0.25993651151657104,
-0.178253173828125,
0.24389037489891052,
-0.37736815214157104,
-0.069829560816288,
0.4732910096645355,
0.26752930879592896,
-0.23505859076976776,
0.3148437440395355,
0.08965606987476349,
-0.11922969669103622,
0.06625213474035263,
-0.24901732802391052,
0.0734153762459755,
-0.5423583984375,
0.06521148979663849,
0.500073254108429,
0.38720703125,
0.4751342833042145,
0.048586271703243256,
0.22504882514476776,
0.3869384825229645,
-0.034227658063173294,
0.26195067167282104,
-0.21170654892921448,
0.1944580078125,
0.33848875761032104,
0.547412097454071,
-0.08520660549402237,
-0.23530273139476776,
0.3176197111606598,
0.49921876192092896,
0.1726352721452713,
0.05682983249425888,
0.34381103515625,
-0.08736324310302734,
-0.11193542182445526,
0.31651610136032104,
-0.00545425433665514,
-0.045160673558712006,
-0.052907466888427734,
-0.07260970771312714,
0.09131469577550888,
0.19327393174171448,
0.31207275390625,
-0.31781005859375,
0.033528707921504974,
0.16157226264476776,
0.3913024961948395,
0.5086914300918579,
0.7064453363418579,
-0.01917419396340847,
-0.02630920335650444,
0.061954498291015625,
0.560620129108429,
0.0075241089798510075,
0.669726550579071,
0.755175769329071,
-0.39753419160842896,
0.06245460361242294,
-0.06929703056812286,
0.05689849704504013,
-0.10231475532054901,
-0.16753539443016052,
0.2595977783203125,
-0.4908203184604645,
0.289794921875,
-0.01425933837890625,
-0.02086791954934597,
-0.029444122686982155,
-0.15564879775047302,
-0.06436004489660263,
0.6585448980331421,
0.061042021960020065,
-0.22983399033546448,
-0.12021179497241974,
0.11273641884326935,
0.6775878667831421,
0.23647460341453552,
-0.31177979707717896,
-0.1936762034893036,
-0.28026121854782104,
-0.04038848727941513,
0.3100830018520355,
0.01130065880715847,
0.12629088759422302,
-0.04724731296300888,
0.546679675579071,
-0.47490233182907104,
0.18713989853858948,
0.3303466737270355,
-0.1902923583984375,
-0.22309570014476776,
-0.6225341558456421,
-0.08912201225757599,
-0.0269775390625,
0.3974365293979645,
0.08944664150476456,
-0.819140613079071,
0.00880124606192112,
0.43559569120407104,
0.23068848252296448,
0.237640380859375,
0.05531616136431694,
0.2115478515625,
0.7148193120956421,
0.0865478515625,
-0.04246826097369194,
-0.47307127714157104,
-0.40642088651657104,
0.104827880859375,
0.11646118015050888,
-0.5376952886581421,
-0.11440429836511612,
-0.3991943299770355,
0.7372802495956421,
0.19748230278491974,
0.46499329805374146,
-0.2568801939487457,
-0.27427369356155396,
0.2287183701992035,
-0.03309021145105362,
0.10167236626148224,
0.00521926861256361,
0.28424072265625,
-0.2906021177768707,
0.11661835014820099,
-0.20112304389476776,
0.0381927490234375,
0.24472656846046448,
0.47038573026657104,
0.2643798887729645,
-0.11647643893957138,
0.1971443146467209,
0.07457885891199112,
0.24114990234375,
0.2817749083042145,
0.06197357177734375,
0.1720123291015625,
-0.01731414720416069,
-0.10412368923425674,
0.08257293701171875,
0.16776275634765625,
0.5533691644668579,
0.3712158203125,
0.1460651457309723,
-0.20244750380516052,
0.16917113959789276,
0.3670654296875,
0.2813720703125,
0.15223845839500427,
0.37272948026657104,
0.32969361543655396,
-0.643750011920929,
0.38007813692092896,
-0.03906860202550888,
0.28187257051467896,
0.3328613340854645,
0.319976806640625,
0.019104957580566406,
-0.05270995944738388,
-0.25670164823532104,
-0.03169288486242294,
0.01541900634765625,
0.27778321504592896,
0.524243175983429,
0.38664549589157104,
0.4072631895542145,
0.5300048589706421,
0.20966796576976776,
0.12170886993408203,
-0.3309768736362457,
-0.035012055188417435,
-0.22682495415210724,
-0.2637085020542145,
-0.08091659843921661,
-0.07065043598413467,
0.5408691167831421,
-0.32169800996780396,
0.3912597596645355,
0.037189483642578125,
-0.14886474609375,
-0.2598205506801605,
-0.03610115125775337,
0.45794677734375,
0.3171020448207855,
-0.1495521515607834,
0.03305511549115181,
0.050020597875118256,
0.4809326231479645,
0.21021118760108948,
4.1103515625,
0.14705809950828552,
0.3863159120082855,
0.02356262132525444,
-0.24906006455421448,
-0.1216556578874588,
0.2793823182582855,
-0.5592041015625,
0.27064210176467896,
0.14741210639476776,
-0.080683134496212,
0.13457946479320526,
-0.24260863661766052,
0.01274871826171875,
-0.23311766982078552,
0.47465819120407104,
1.0683104991912842,
0.14812469482421875,
-0.04449920728802681,
0.3979248106479645,
-0.4769287109375,
0.20765380561351776,
0.38081055879592896,
-0.1692909300327301,
0.14060668647289276,
-0.3040771484375,
0.11180420219898224,
0.03375854343175888,
0.36956787109375,
0.18111571669578552,
0.3516601622104645,
-0.3172607421875,
-0.039772797375917435,
0.15952149033546448,
-0.875,
0.29083251953125,
0.2989257872104645,
-0.11888580024242401,
0.3127807676792145,
-0.024401474744081497,
-0.19603271782398224,
-0.006583022885024548,
0.11778564751148224,
0.41472166776657104,
0.749267578125,
-0.5038818120956421,
0.15601500868797302,
0.30560302734375,
-0.04837493970990181,
-0.03265991061925888,
0.12099456787109375,
-0.16842345893383026,
0.1101837158203125,
-0.32225340604782104,
0.4010986387729645,
0.48237305879592896,
0.4576416015625,
0.3427734375,
0.172271728515625,
-0.29852294921875,
0.1618911772966385,
-0.04561157152056694,
0.27580565214157104,
0.19715270400047302,
-0.24759522080421448,
-0.3429931700229645,
0.23909911513328552,
0.14605101943016052,
0.5281738042831421,
0.17205658555030823,
0.5608886480331421,
0.4686523377895355,
0.37330323457717896,
-0.07503814995288849,
-0.09982862323522568,
-0.4479736387729645,
-0.27375489473342896,
-0.015575790777802467,
-0.031981565058231354,
0.20402832329273224,
0.02880248986184597,
0.06098022311925888,
-0.009634589776396751,
0.07179947197437286,
0.102569580078125,
0.4534668028354645,
0.04879417270421982,
-0.5364990234375,
0.25159913301467896,
-0.023702096194028854,
0.3433837890625,
0.3299713134765625,
0.1932373046875,
0.14519043266773224,
0.11981811374425888,
0.1536632478237152,
0.06618194282054901,
-3.9623045921325684,
-0.009674072265625,
0.0055595398880541325,
-0.051831819117069244,
0.16433410346508026,
0.29938966035842896,
0.06185302883386612,
0.5967773199081421,
-0.1576080322265625,
0.25758665800094604,
-0.2680954039096832,
0.33482664823532104,
0.020615100860595703,
0.30218201875686646,
0.151580810546875,
-0.10727386176586151,
0.2823745608329773,
-0.013710403814911842,
0.22471924126148224,
-0.10485534369945526,
-0.25932615995407104,
0.21454468369483948,
0.15967407822608948,
-0.319366455078125,
0.5530029535293579,
-0.15183106064796448,
0.1418188065290451,
-0.34843748807907104,
-0.39484864473342896,
0.19155272841453552,
-0.5396728515625,
0.16286620497703552,
0.3784423768520355,
-0.29681396484375,
0.22601318359375,
0.47407227754592896,
0.3686279356479645,
-0.06527729332447052,
0.38139647245407104,
0.03677063062787056,
-0.40803223848342896,
0.11985091865062714,
0.030707931146025658,
0.09593658149242401,
0.18366698920726776,
0.12530823051929474,
-0.32368165254592896,
0.23114624619483948,
0.1497662514448166,
0.34135740995407104,
0.3022094666957855,
0.213409423828125,
-0.05417938157916069,
-0.2291214019060135,
0.6434081792831421,
-0.24421386420726776,
-0.28950196504592896,
0.02003173902630806,
0.595458984375,
0.10260619968175888,
-0.3324829041957855,
-0.08491058647632599,
0.23203125596046448,
0.4322509765625,
0.06547240912914276,
0.0342254638671875,
0.06572265923023224,
0.23616638779640198,
-0.02976226806640625,
-0.18848992884159088,
0.06496505439281464,
0.0810394287109375,
0.3163085877895355,
-0.15274658799171448,
0.2713623046875,
-0.041717529296875,
-0.15771484375,
-0.07380066066980362,
0.5215088129043579,
0.0718231201171875,
-0.16200867295265198,
-0.21857528388500214,
-0.4468994140625,
0.31434935331344604,
2.3583984375,
0.18500976264476776,
2.316210985183716,
0.4213500916957855,
0.11040649563074112,
0.07802124321460724,
0.08036231994628906,
0.04478568956255913,
-0.03694610670208931,
0.2543487548828125,
-0.23480224609375,
0.04479064792394638,
-0.032590102404356,
0.16790160536766052,
0.03236331790685654,
-0.05835571140050888,
0.26948243379592896,
-0.9555908441543579,
-0.024430464953184128,
-0.29254150390625,
0.22699585556983948,
-0.06271819770336151,
0.14636841416358948,
0.07956542819738388,
0.026944350451231003,
0.03079071082174778,
-0.12001266330480576,
0.07324981689453125,
0.4350341856479645,
-0.6216796636581421,
-0.12454529106616974,
0.10274352878332138,
0.40788573026657104,
0.012837219052016735,
0.3443847596645355,
0.17274780571460724,
0.011174011044204235,
4.733202934265137,
-0.01715392991900444,
-0.2924255430698395,
0.05328540876507759,
0.19255980849266052,
0.29191893339157104,
0.29705810546875,
0.043515779078006744,
0.30378419160842896,
0.2720703184604645,
0.10934372246265411,
0.17391586303710938,
0.31806641817092896,
0.0028465271461755037,
0.04549083858728409,
0.0005020141834393144,
-0.02787170372903347,
0.2679992616176605,
0.30720216035842896,
0.21915283799171448,
0.26434326171875,
-0.2925170958042145,
0.47199708223342896,
-0.17572784423828125,
-0.1898789405822754,
0.22501830756664276,
0.05534667894244194,
-0.07046356052160263,
0.034486960619688034,
0.2995849549770355,
0.05088195949792862,
5.42578125,
0.2589172422885895,
-0.13020019233226776,
-0.24737548828125,
-0.013812446966767311,
0.23363037407398224,
-0.15597382187843323,
-0.11520233005285263,
-0.18782958388328552,
-0.05853729322552681,
-0.3096069395542145,
-0.03130175918340683,
-0.0014099121326580644,
0.4545745849609375,
-0.4248290956020355,
0.4226928651332855,
-0.2787719666957855,
0.03476104885339737,
-0.06171903759241104,
-0.15626220405101776,
0.44464111328125,
-0.2806152403354645,
0.30256348848342896,
-0.48936766386032104,
-0.23953476548194885,
-0.36115723848342896,
-0.3366332948207855,
0.515307605266571,
-0.13822631537914276,
-0.2135009765625,
0.3992919921875,
0.5411010980606079,
-0.364013671875,
0.294677734375,
-0.16343383491039276,
0.29997557401657104,
0.08428554236888885,
0.10632705688476562,
0.08978881686925888,
-0.2630615234375,
0.3414550721645355,
0.660473644733429,
-0.046356201171875,
-0.4449462890625,
0.049907684326171875,
-0.01169586181640625,
-0.14105224609375,
0.197021484375,
-0.10802306979894638,
0.07399139553308487,
0.0512237548828125,
0.05920753628015518,
1.163183569908142,
0.3429199159145355,
0.5577392578125,
0.223297119140625,
-0.23470154404640198,
0.45747071504592896,
0.09323425590991974,
-0.009847259148955345,
0.352813720703125,
0.03823242336511612,
-0.034288786351680756,
-0.05200805515050888,
0.3891845643520355,
0.2590576112270355,
0.062279511243104935,
0.03432121127843857,
0.45634764432907104,
-0.38525390625,
0.18002013862133026,
0.19646605849266052,
0.17404785752296448,
0.4144653379917145,
-0.12494812160730362,
0.13560867309570312,
0.503857433795929,
-0.011781883426010609,
0.15704345703125,
-0.031749725341796875,
0.236572265625,
-0.17148438096046448,
-0.20711669325828552,
-0.01672382280230522,
0.4604736268520355,
-0.21057471632957458,
-0.3736938536167145,
-0.13227538764476776,
0.26420289278030396,
0.11673279106616974,
0.18068847060203552,
0.2852783203125,
-0.2537841796875,
0.566699206829071,
0.172454833984375,
0.07780151069164276,
-0.20574036240577698,
0.43632811307907104,
-0.041728973388671875,
0.24461059272289276,
-0.12512817978858948,
0.3390136659145355,
-0.019258880987763405,
0.10271606594324112,
0.2913452088832855,
-0.18369141221046448,
0.08876419067382812,
-0.196136474609375,
0.3857421875,
0.06751098483800888,
0.4883056581020355,
0.4955078065395355,
0.3739685118198395,
0.01542511023581028,
0.11618652194738388
] |
2141
|
When was the first lobotomy performed?
|
[
{
"docid": "46187#31",
"text": "Freeman performed the first transorbital lobotomy on a live patient in 1946. Its simplicity suggested the possibility of carrying it out in mental hospitals lacking the surgical facilities required for the earlier, more complex procedure. (Freeman suggested that, where conventional anesthesia was unavailable, electroconvulsive therapy be used to render the patient unconscious.) In 1947, the Freeman and Watts partnership ended, as the latter was disgusted by Freeman's modification of the lobotomy from a surgical operation into a simple \"office\" procedure. Between 1940 and 1944, 684 lobotomies were performed in the United States. However, because of the fervent promotion of the technique by Freeman and Watts, those numbers increased sharply towards the end of the decade. In 1949, the peak year for lobotomies in the US, 5,074 procedures were undertaken, and by 1951 over 18,608 individuals had been lobotomized in the US.",
"title": "Lobotomy"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "46187#2",
"text": "The use of the procedure increased dramatically from the early 1940s and into the 1950s; by 1951, almost 20,000 lobotomies had been performed in the United States alone and proportionally more in the United Kingdom. The majority of lobotomies were performed on women; a 1951 study of American hospitals found nearly 60% of lobotomy patients were women; data shows 74% of lobotomies in Ontario from 1948–1952 were performed on women. From the 1950s onward lobotomy began to be abandoned, first in the Soviet Union and Europe. The term is derived from \"lobe\" and \"cut, slice\".\nThe purpose of the operation was to reduce the symptoms of mental disorder, and it was recognized that this was accomplished at the expense of a person's personality and intellect. British psychiatrist Maurice Partridge, who conducted a follow-up study of 300 patients, said that the treatment achieved its effects by \"reducing the complexity of psychic life\". Following the operation, spontaneity, responsiveness, self-awareness and self-control were reduced. Activity was replaced by inertia, and people were left emotionally blunted and restricted in their intellectual range.",
"title": "Lobotomy"
},
{
"docid": "1383826#5",
"text": "After almost ten years of performing lobotomies, Freeman heard of a doctor in Italy named Amarro Fiamberti who operated on the brain through his patients' eye sockets, allowing him to access the brain without drilling through the skull. After experimenting with novel ways of performing these brain surgeries, Freeman formulated a new procedure called the transorbital lobotomy. This new procedure became known as the \"icepick\" lobotomy and was performed by inserting a metal pick into the corner of each eye-socket, hammering it through the thin bone there with a mallet, and moving it back and forth, severing the connections to the prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobes of the brain. He performed the transorbital lobotomy surgery for the first time in Washington D.C. on a housewife named Sallie Ellen Ionesco. This transorbital lobotomy method did not require a neurosurgeon and could be performed outside of an operating room without the use of anesthesia by using electroconvulsive therapy to induce seizure. The modifications to his lobotomy allowed Freeman to broaden the use of the surgery, which could be performed in psychiatric hospitals throughout the United States that were overpopulated and understaffed. In 1950, Walter Freeman's longtime partner James Watts left their practice and split from Freeman due to his opposition to the cruelty and overuse of the transorbital lobotomy.",
"title": "Walter Jackson Freeman II"
},
{
"docid": "1383826#4",
"text": "The first systematic attempt at human psychosurgery – performed in the 1880s–1890s – is commonly attributed to the Swiss psychiatrist Gottlieb Burckhardt. Burckhardt's experimental surgical forays were largely condemned at the time and in the subsequent decades psychosurgery was attempted only intermittently. On November 12, 1935, a new psychosurgery procedure was performed in Portugal under the direction of the neurologist and physician Egas Moniz. His new \"leucotomy\" procedure, intended to treat mental illness, took small corings of the patient's frontal lobes. Moniz became a mentor and idol for Freeman who modified the procedure and renamed it the \"lobotomy\". Instead of taking corings from the frontal lobes, Freeman's procedure severed the connection between the frontal lobes and the thalamus. Because Freeman lost his license to perform surgery himself after his last patient died on the operating table, he enlisted neurosurgeon James Watts as a research partner. One year after the first leucotomy, on September 14, 1936, Freeman directed Watts through the very first prefrontal lobotomy in the United States on housewife Alice Hood Hammatt of Topeka, Kansas. By November, only two months after performing their first lobotomy surgery, Freeman and Watts had already worked on 20 cases including several follow-up operations. By 1942, the duo had performed over 200 lobotomy procedures and had published results claiming 63% of patients had improved, 24% were reported to be unchanged and 14% were worse after surgery.",
"title": "Walter Jackson Freeman II"
},
{
"docid": "46187#32",
"text": "In the United States, approximately 40,000 people were lobotomized. In England, 17,000 lobotomies were performed, and the three Nordic countries of Finland, Norway, and Sweden had a combined figure of approximately 9,300 lobotomies. Scandinavian hospitals lobotomized 2.5 times as many people per capita as hospitals in the US. Sweden lobotomized at least 4,500 people between 1944 and 1966, mainly women. This figure includes young children. In Norway, there were 2,005 known lobotomies. In Denmark, there were 4,500 known lobotomies. In Japan, the majority of lobotomies were performed on children with behavior problems. The Soviet Union banned the practice in 1950 on moral grounds, and Japan and Germany soon followed suit. By the late 1970s, the practice of lobotomy had generally ceased, although it continued as late as the 1980s in France..",
"title": "Lobotomy"
},
{
"docid": "10925011#0",
"text": "Amarro Fiamberti (10 September 1894 – 1970) was an Italian psychiatrist who first performed a transorbital lobotomy (by accessing the frontal lobe of the brain through the orbits) in 1937. The technique remained rarely practised until his reports were discovered by his contemporary, the American neurologist Walter Freeman, who improved the surgical technique, initially by using ice picks (hence the name \"ice pick lobotomy\") and later employing more refined equipment. Fiamberti was later named Director of the Psychiatric Hospital of Varese when it was opened in 1964.",
"title": "Amarro Fiamberti"
},
{
"docid": "26410#44",
"text": "In the 1940s and 1950s, neurologist Walter Freeman popularized the ice-pick lobotomy to treat homosexuality. He personally performed as many as 3,439 lobotomy surgeries in 23 states, of which 2,500 used his ice-pick procedure, despite the fact that he had no formal surgical training. Up to 40% of Freeman's patients were gay individuals subjected to a lobotomy in order to change their homosexual orientation, leaving most of these individuals severely disabled for the rest of their lives. While promoted at the time as a treatment for various psychoses, the effectiveness of lobotomy in changing sexual orientation was already the subject of critical research in 1948 when a single case was investigated by Joseph Friedlander and Ralph Banay. A video depicting the \"ice-pick lobotomy\" of a homosexual man was featured in the documentary film, \"\".",
"title": "Conversion therapy"
},
{
"docid": "59132244#8",
"text": "In 1955, Ball returned to Maryland as a research psychologist associated with the now controversial lobotomy research project at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Perry Point, Maryland. Given that most lobotomies were conducted between 1947 and 1950 and the procedure fell out of favor as tranquilizer drugs became available in the mid-1950’s, it is unlikely that Ball was involved in performing lobotomies. She did, however, research their effects in a large-scale study. She was lead author on the paper, “The Veterans Administration study of prefrontal lobotomy,” published in 1959. In 1959, she left lobotomy research to work as a clinical psychologist at the Veterans Administration Hospital, focusing on gerontology. She remained in this position until her retirement in 1967.",
"title": "Josephine Ball"
},
{
"docid": "1528075#87",
"text": "The 1949 prize was awarded to Portuguese neurologist António Egas Moniz \"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in certain psychoses\". Soon after, Dr. Walter Freeman developed the transorbital lobotomy, which was easier to carry out. Criticism was raised because the procedure was often prescribed injudiciously and without regard for medical ethics. Popular acceptance of the procedure had been fostered by enthusiastic press coverage such as a 1938 \"New York Times\" report. Endorsed by such influential publications as \"The New England Journal of Medicine\", in the three years following the Prize, some 5,000 lobotomies were performed in the United States alone, and many more throughout the world. Joseph Kennedy, father of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, had his daughter Rosemary lobotomized when she was in her twenties. The procedure later fell into disrepute and was prohibited in many countries.",
"title": "Nobel Prize controversies"
},
{
"docid": "441735#33",
"text": "Farmer's family, her former lovers, and her three ex-husbands all denied, or did not confirm, that the procedure was completed. Farmer's sister, Edith, said the hospital asked her parents' permission to perform the lobotomy, but her father was \"horrified\" by the notion and threatened legal action \"if they tried any of their guinea pig operations on her.\" Western State Hospital recorded all the lobotomies performed during Farmer's period there. Since a lobotomy was considered a ground-breaking medical procedure, the hospital did not attempt to conceal its work. Although nearly 300 patients received the procedure, no evidence supports a claim that Farmer was among them. In 1983, Seattle newspapers interviewed former hospital staff members, including all of the lobotomy ward nurses who were on duty during Farmer's years at Western State, and they all stated Farmer was never a patient on that ward. Dr. Walter Freeman's private patient records contained no mention of Farmer. Dr. Charles Jones, psychiatric resident at Western State during Farmer's stays, also stated that Farmer never underwent the lobotomy procedure.",
"title": "Frances Farmer"
}
] |
[
0.5435546636581421,
0.14254990220069885,
-0.21698912978172302,
0.07907676696777344,
0.41905516386032104,
0.17872925102710724,
0.19830933213233948,
-0.34233397245407104,
0.12993164360523224,
0.2675537168979645,
-0.3289428651332855,
-0.486083984375,
-0.3415771424770355,
-0.0465545654296875,
-0.29436033964157104,
-0.22752685844898224,
0.35413819551467896,
-0.09565772861242294,
0.06187133863568306,
-0.03474731370806694,
-0.10062561184167862,
0.785595715045929,
0.04297370836138725,
-0.17512817680835724,
0.04189806059002876,
0.05418701097369194,
-0.008232593536376953,
-0.0008666992071084678,
-0.11669006198644638,
0.537060558795929,
0.0867919921875,
-0.18060913681983948,
-0.26006776094436646,
0.4238525331020355,
-0.41157835721969604,
0.31560057401657104,
0.010409546084702015,
0.5517578125,
-0.03308524936437607,
0.17924804985523224,
-0.19680175185203552,
0.13404540717601776,
0.17345885932445526,
0.07662506401538849,
0.6561034917831421,
-0.17346802353858948,
0.13665008544921875,
-0.04004516452550888,
0.10209350287914276,
-0.09894447028636932,
-0.06471176445484161,
-0.07582397758960724,
-0.07442321628332138,
-0.08018340915441513,
-0.27222901582717896,
0.36345213651657104,
-0.24790039658546448,
0.7455078363418579,
-0.15907135605812073,
-0.3589111268520355,
0.1691329926252365,
0.00401229877024889,
-0.20268554985523224,
0.14558105170726776,
0.41657716035842896,
0.5426025390625,
0.09490966796875,
0.09089355170726776,
-0.42994385957717896,
0.4289794862270355,
0.138926699757576,
0.32921141386032104,
0.4406982362270355,
-0.09631957858800888,
-0.02229919470846653,
-0.611279308795929,
0.05077400058507919,
-0.07600250095129013,
-0.0066696167923510075,
-0.4139343202114105,
0.09053955227136612,
0.16588744521141052,
-0.3313964903354645,
0.4218505918979645,
0.2510131895542145,
0.27540284395217896,
-0.01915740966796875,
0.3019165098667145,
0.13809815049171448,
0.33367919921875,
0.20569153130054474,
-0.19767455756664276,
0.332711786031723,
0.15257415175437927,
0.3504638671875,
-0.16035155951976776,
0.3131347596645355,
-0.01694793626666069,
0.1755523681640625,
-0.38813477754592896,
0.27147215604782104,
-0.328125,
-0.15256957709789276,
0.11417236179113388,
0.3935790956020355,
-0.47624510526657104,
-0.602001965045929,
-0.17622795701026917,
0.13370056450366974,
0.22665710747241974,
0.0998077392578125,
-0.186676025390625,
-0.0149688720703125,
-0.06817436218261719,
-0.007905197329819202,
0.19035950303077698,
0.10692901909351349,
-0.12143554538488388,
-0.4314208924770355,
-0.8130859136581421,
0.4249267578125,
0.5635741949081421,
-0.26728516817092896,
-0.4405517578125,
-0.16181716322898865,
-0.4531494081020355,
0.5616699457168579,
0.113214872777462,
0.7291015386581421,
0.38685911893844604,
0.1295524537563324,
0.40263670682907104,
-0.071569062769413,
0.797412097454071,
0.23637084662914276,
0.07279215008020401,
0.07829513400793076,
-0.12140350043773651,
-0.07882384955883026,
-0.4330200254917145,
-0.05020866543054581,
0.10831527411937714,
0.12376479804515839,
0.5076049566268921,
-0.13686828315258026,
0.43073731660842896,
-0.08056335151195526,
0.1681060791015625,
0.07046814262866974,
0.19525757431983948,
0.555908203125,
0.2000885009765625,
0.08974151313304901,
0.31525880098342896,
0.47271728515625,
-0.4478515684604645,
0.34385985136032104,
0.25760191679000854,
0.03158245235681534,
0.013386535458266735,
0.7283935546875,
0.3422485291957855,
0.33807373046875,
-0.2786865234375,
0.5512939691543579,
0.4061035215854645,
-0.04748811572790146,
0.5084472894668579,
0.629687488079071,
-0.47050780057907104,
-0.48686522245407104,
0.06403274834156036,
0.6290527582168579,
-0.04400388151407242,
0.22661742568016052,
0.27886962890625,
-0.28230589628219604,
0.15574340522289276,
-0.10834503173828125,
-0.0020805359818041325,
0.034752510488033295,
0.20251770317554474,
0.27166748046875,
-0.17910155653953552,
0.48920899629592896,
0.3368774354457855,
0.08144159615039825,
-0.08638419955968857,
-0.07912750542163849,
0.09099578857421875,
0.25281983613967896,
0.16871337592601776,
0.5133422613143921,
-0.25596922636032104,
-0.05961761623620987,
-0.0021728514693677425,
-0.365936279296875,
0.33317261934280396,
-0.07877502590417862,
-0.046184539794921875,
-0.3642822206020355,
-0.4964355528354645,
-0.5942627191543579,
0.21007080376148224,
0.19339600205421448,
-0.17799682915210724,
-0.05137314274907112,
0.24534301459789276,
-0.22568969428539276,
-0.06005859375,
0.07536621391773224,
0.0010879517067223787,
0.24476318061351776,
0.4756103456020355,
-0.23097555339336395,
0.23128661513328552,
-0.41716307401657104,
-0.272177129983902,
0.40880125761032104,
-0.02337188646197319,
-0.17887572944164276,
0.560498058795929,
-0.18863525986671448,
-0.17200317978858948,
0.16860656440258026,
-0.26300048828125,
0.003969955258071423,
-0.260415643453598,
-0.0005783081287518144,
0.3034301698207855,
0.33958739042282104,
0.23218688368797302,
0.00848236121237278,
-0.216136172413826,
0.3815673887729645,
0.447509765625,
0.26763916015625,
-0.21232910454273224,
-0.34490966796875,
-0.1512451171875,
0.16241455078125,
-0.145466610789299,
-0.40513914823532104,
-0.04130401462316513,
0.3602050840854645,
-0.24038085341453552,
0.1142040267586708,
0.0047698975540697575,
0.05309314653277397,
-0.23923340439796448,
0.12221679836511612,
-0.29670411348342896,
0.3311401307582855,
0.23192138969898224,
-0.04930724948644638,
0.0002227783261332661,
0.11221732944250107,
0.28929442167282104,
-0.31276243925094604,
0.21375732123851776,
0.29534912109375,
0.47154539823532104,
0.45100098848342896,
0.49616700410842896,
-0.29266357421875,
0.0783843994140625,
-0.11727142333984375,
0.3668456971645355,
0.24828490614891052,
0.4214843809604645,
0.19190064072608948,
-0.28708648681640625,
-0.06434936821460724,
0.14588622748851776,
-0.16996459662914276,
0.18618163466453552,
0.17315368354320526,
0.684619128704071,
-0.31825560331344604,
0.16434936225414276,
0.051380157470703125,
-0.011860656552016735,
-0.16729125380516052,
0.4464111328125,
0.2517639100551605,
0.6148926019668579,
-0.16240158677101135,
-0.1280975341796875,
-0.2679687440395355,
0.27873533964157104,
0.3652099668979645,
0.48894041776657104,
-0.4944091737270355,
-0.317474365234375,
0.02904205396771431,
0.017375946044921875,
0.09518156200647354,
0.1414749175310135,
0.06535949558019638,
-0.035003662109375,
0.2704406678676605,
-0.831298828125,
0.06539078056812286,
0.33723145723342896,
-0.019696712493896484,
0.0020584105513989925,
-0.2073715180158615,
0.547412097454071,
-0.16692200303077698,
0.08798827975988388,
-0.008265686221420765,
-0.21411743760108948,
-0.15245361626148224,
0.25786131620407104,
0.3037353456020355,
0.29716795682907104,
0.19447632133960724,
0.4592529237270355,
0.2897399961948395,
-0.02726287767291069,
-0.1083526611328125,
-0.10887908935546875,
-0.2977539002895355,
-0.37846678495407104,
-0.00956802349537611,
-0.4579147398471832,
0.14482422173023224,
-0.15395507216453552,
0.940136730670929,
-0.0547027587890625,
0.5314971804618835,
0.36176759004592896,
-0.225341796875,
0.03200531005859375,
-0.08553771674633026,
0.10290298610925674,
0.2990051209926605,
0.647045910358429,
-0.177459716796875,
0.042549800127744675,
-0.015201186761260033,
-0.19111938774585724,
0.07243041694164276,
0.24163207411766052,
0.023043060675263405,
0.068292997777462,
0.27859801054000854,
0.5294189453125,
0.30850523710250854,
0.22322997450828552,
-0.21311645209789276,
-0.10078735649585724,
0.013343429192900658,
-0.3490966856479645,
-0.10608558356761932,
0.4208312928676605,
0.618408203125,
-0.02819366380572319,
0.4121337831020355,
-0.24641799926757812,
0.22698974609375,
0.15891417860984802,
0.0683710128068924,
0.11069945991039276,
0.4455810487270355,
0.36831361055374146,
-0.10766144096851349,
-0.23885497450828552,
0.17220458388328552,
-0.2718749940395355,
0.14676818251609802,
0.08210448920726776,
0.11894454807043076,
0.17936401069164276,
-0.35181885957717896,
-0.21916504204273224,
-0.12230072170495987,
0.38023680448532104,
0.44514161348342896,
0.2688354551792145,
0.38862305879592896,
0.4489990174770355,
0.4343505799770355,
0.008839559741318226,
-0.30255126953125,
-0.15044841170310974,
-0.007299923803657293,
0.05807037279009819,
-0.09399185329675674,
-0.3418212831020355,
-0.092717744410038,
-0.23557433485984802,
0.16976013779640198,
0.29935914278030396,
-0.0802764892578125,
-0.42890626192092896,
0.11346282809972763,
0.2997909486293793,
0.131358340382576,
-0.18865966796875,
-0.0156891830265522,
0.5711425542831421,
0.0027420043479651213,
0.4285888671875,
4.145117282867432,
0.12802734971046448,
0.18756103515625,
-0.11387328803539276,
-0.23345947265625,
0.14899444580078125,
0.47321778535842896,
-0.303741455078125,
-0.05964960902929306,
-0.054711151868104935,
0.09608002007007599,
0.15666504204273224,
-0.08462371677160263,
0.298727422952652,
-0.24052734673023224,
-0.0001312255917582661,
0.06321106106042862,
-0.06836700439453125,
0.36817628145217896,
0.3837890625,
-0.4775634706020355,
0.5206298828125,
0.11748657375574112,
0.258270263671875,
0.757031261920929,
-0.4821533262729645,
-0.07318802177906036,
0.34309691190719604,
0.47802734375,
0.719531238079071,
0.35023194551467896,
0.023192595690488815,
0.040857695043087006,
-0.08555145561695099,
-0.666333019733429,
0.956250011920929,
0.0682704895734787,
0.10361304134130478,
0.32708740234375,
-0.044164277613162994,
-0.15297850966453552,
-0.39250487089157104,
0.2626281678676605,
0.568115234375,
0.16573257744312286,
-0.3002563416957855,
0.169697567820549,
0.20433349907398224,
0.3265136778354645,
0.4140991270542145,
0.732128918170929,
-0.247894287109375,
-0.05993957445025444,
-0.23937149345874786,
0.12448272854089737,
0.571948230266571,
0.42479246854782104,
0.3008483946323395,
0.30390626192092896,
-0.041448213160037994,
0.12623901665210724,
0.07658004760742188,
0.01864776574075222,
0.014152908697724342,
-0.11080513149499893,
0.1471405029296875,
-0.10055236518383026,
0.23977050185203552,
0.18427124619483948,
0.11705780029296875,
0.0034652710892260075,
0.40510255098342896,
0.25313109159469604,
-0.6043945550918579,
-0.14938049018383026,
-0.14151915907859802,
-0.31623536348342896,
0.36085814237594604,
0.27006834745407104,
0.18086548149585724,
-0.025345612317323685,
-0.44511717557907104,
-0.18626709282398224,
0.2852539122104645,
0.14624634385108948,
0.4270996153354645,
0.3689331114292145,
-0.36018067598342896,
0.4350341856479645,
-0.09903869777917862,
0.42951661348342896,
0.11052551120519638,
0.22412109375,
0.3196350038051605,
0.4339599609375,
0.24451903998851776,
-0.20982055366039276,
-3.9839844703674316,
0.04567413404583931,
0.028286362066864967,
-0.21143189072608948,
-0.006564331240952015,
0.16636963188648224,
0.04189758375287056,
0.3578124940395355,
-0.07321023941040039,
0.20697632431983948,
0.19901123642921448,
-0.06585387885570526,
0.04006805270910263,
0.2939453125,
0.52978515625,
0.14346198737621307,
0.41791993379592896,
0.009356689639389515,
0.1978759765625,
-0.213134765625,
-0.07986221462488174,
0.0027286529075354338,
0.3225769102573395,
-0.21234741806983948,
0.09818420559167862,
0.08514881134033203,
0.22066040337085724,
-0.02422637864947319,
-0.19558867812156677,
0.11684875190258026,
-0.19013062119483948,
0.3431152403354645,
0.46892088651657104,
-0.45964354276657104,
0.03564605861902237,
0.5217529535293579,
0.16769066452980042,
0.4648193418979645,
0.600512683391571,
0.06503601372241974,
0.317626953125,
0.0005645751953125,
0.14741382002830505,
0.18262939155101776,
0.2517333924770355,
-0.02206268347799778,
-0.542724609375,
0.21147461235523224,
-0.17078247666358948,
0.3593505918979645,
0.14630278944969177,
0.07396240532398224,
0.05175132676959038,
0.19249267876148224,
0.40557861328125,
0.22471924126148224,
-0.16389770805835724,
0.31812745332717896,
0.3466552793979645,
0.35386961698532104,
-0.23999938368797302,
0.23322753608226776,
0.02840271033346653,
0.11519470065832138,
0.12223510444164276,
0.071075439453125,
-0.031803082674741745,
0.14836731553077698,
0.2173614501953125,
-0.34062498807907104,
0.4595703184604645,
0.3515380918979645,
0.09245071560144424,
-0.22219161689281464,
0.42048341035842896,
0.4122314453125,
-0.20263060927391052,
0.04526977613568306,
0.503369152545929,
0.05452270433306694,
-0.0073944092728197575,
-0.200836181640625,
-0.40422362089157104,
-0.20060119032859802,
2.1883788108825684,
0.3182373046875,
2.2611327171325684,
0.1218109130859375,
0.17355957627296448,
0.40742188692092896,
0.09841766208410263,
0.15077820420265198,
0.10940704494714737,
0.3367919921875,
0.0027610778342932463,
0.18517455458641052,
0.07859954982995987,
0.07578983157873154,
0.127308651804924,
0.00627975445240736,
0.2703002989292145,
-0.9579833745956421,
0.07167663425207138,
-0.6303955316543579,
0.003311729524284601,
-0.09889926761388779,
0.10530319064855576,
0.5005737543106079,
0.5517578125,
0.01359405554831028,
-0.2333831787109375,
0.153788760304451,
-0.09517364203929901,
-0.4434570372104645,
-0.244598388671875,
0.4273437559604645,
0.10829620063304901,
-0.13398377597332,
0.06561203300952911,
0.22357177734375,
0.08007965236902237,
4.752734184265137,
0.3924926817417145,
-0.06205444410443306,
0.0441436767578125,
0.41987305879592896,
0.22471924126148224,
0.4208740293979645,
0.04381561279296875,
0.06282500922679901,
0.24352721869945526,
0.21876220405101776,
0.16730041801929474,
0.23761291801929474,
0.027077484875917435,
0.06364746391773224,
0.13622435927391052,
0.11639823764562607,
0.17168578505516052,
0.2853027284145355,
0.35161131620407104,
0.176544189453125,
-0.05915222316980362,
0.841796875,
-0.24858398735523224,
-0.15566101670265198,
0.418212890625,
0.071294404566288,
-0.04930267482995987,
0.016994094476103783,
0.23286743462085724,
0.12516173720359802,
5.395312309265137,
0.34770506620407104,
-0.09182129055261612,
-0.059372711926698685,
0.13370971381664276,
-0.16749267280101776,
-0.08802108466625214,
0.4634033143520355,
-0.05969543382525444,
-0.17884521186351776,
0.12916183471679688,
0.056051064282655716,
-0.10956402122974396,
0.603808581829071,
0.042629241943359375,
0.09278488159179688,
-0.2644287049770355,
-0.11075897514820099,
0.10388202965259552,
0.016227340325713158,
0.2602172791957855,
0.16782569885253906,
0.20213012397289276,
-0.354095458984375,
-0.15057525038719177,
0.2973442077636719,
-0.11822509765625,
0.3572631776332855,
-0.29539793729782104,
-0.3138183653354645,
0.17740479111671448,
0.4294677674770355,
-0.23232650756835938,
0.3263793885707855,
-0.251840204000473,
0.251220703125,
0.02596893347799778,
0.36981201171875,
-0.24238891899585724,
-0.43562012910842896,
0.4085693359375,
0.10820923000574112,
0.055337660014629364,
0.02875213697552681,
0.07190551608800888,
-0.03819708898663521,
0.14659424126148224,
0.24339599907398224,
0.22677001357078552,
0.12902221083641052,
-0.04983215406537056,
-0.04145507887005806,
0.9515625238418579,
-0.18335457146167755,
0.34423828125,
-0.061000823974609375,
-0.15224838256835938,
-0.06700287014245987,
0.19476623833179474,
0.06046295166015625,
0.47148436307907104,
0.11830444633960724,
0.017247771844267845,
0.6481689214706421,
0.639453113079071,
0.22266235947608948,
-0.012677001766860485,
-0.030629729852080345,
0.4106079041957855,
-0.2371673583984375,
0.30115967988967896,
0.17609253525733948,
-0.30299073457717896,
0.47529298067092896,
-0.08831176906824112,
-0.26408082246780396,
-0.2950073182582855,
-0.12968750298023224,
0.15673217177391052,
0.39177244901657104,
-0.4949951171875,
-0.07337836921215057,
-0.461669921875,
0.11143799126148224,
0.2025909423828125,
-0.22926025092601776,
-0.159770205616951,
-0.049619294703006744,
0.2988037168979645,
-0.0655895248055458,
0.12013854831457138,
-0.13997498154640198,
-0.13429108262062073,
0.42178648710250854,
-0.15317383408546448,
-0.040038298815488815,
0.3349853456020355,
0.141886904835701,
-0.14832553267478943,
-0.07807846367359161,
-0.09122810512781143,
0.06515569984912872,
-0.06310653686523438,
-0.5937744379043579,
0.42534178495407104,
-0.16420134902000427,
-0.24697265028953552,
0.14544066786766052,
-0.045731354504823685,
-0.18670654296875,
0.4331298768520355,
0.4678710997104645,
0.10312499850988388,
0.08916015923023224,
0.01813507080078125
] |
2142
|
When were the first Winter Olympics?
|
[
{
"docid": "24577837#0",
"text": "The inaugural Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 4 February 1924. A total of 258 athletes from 16 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 16 events across 9 disciplines. Women also took part in these Games, although the only events they were allowed to compete in were the figure skating ladies' singles and pairs. When the Games were held, they were not recognized as the Winter Olympics but rather as a winter sports week festival. It was not until 1926 that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially recognized them as the first Winter Olympics.",
"title": "List of 1924 Winter Olympics medal winners"
},
{
"docid": "15147#3",
"text": "The IOC organises the modern Olympic Games and Youth Olympic Games, held in summer and winter, every four years. The first Summer Olympics organised by the IOC was held in Athens, Greece, in 1896; the first Winter Olympics was in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Until 1992, both Summer and Winter Olympics were held in the same year. After that year, however, the IOC shifted the Winter Olympics to the even years between Summer Games, to help space the planning of the two events from one another, and improve the financial balance of the IOC, which receives greater income on Olympic years. The first Summer Youth Olympics were in Singapore in 2010 and the first Winter Youth Olympics were held in Innsbruck in 2012.",
"title": "International Olympic Committee"
},
{
"docid": "15533114#2",
"text": "The first Winter Games were held in 1924, in Chamonix, France. They were originally called \"International Winter Sports Week\" and held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, but were in retrospect designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the \"I Olympic Winter Games\".\nSixteen nations participated in these Games: fourteen from Europe and two from North America.\nFour years later, 25 nations were represented at the 1928 Winter Olympics, in St. Moritz, Switzerland, including Argentina (the first nation from the Southern Hemisphere), Japan (the first Asian nation), and Mexico.\nParticipation in the 1932 Games, held in Lake Placid, United States, during the Great Depression, was reduced to 17 nations.\nThe 1936 Winter Games, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, had 28 participating nations, the largest number to that date.\nThese would be the last Winter Games for twelve years, as the planned 1940 Games and 1944 Games were cancelled due to World War II.",
"title": "List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "34069#8",
"text": "The first Olympics after the war, the 1920 Summer Olympics, were held in Antwerp, Belgium, and featured figure skating and an ice hockey tournament. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey were banned from competing in the Games. At the IOC Congress held the following year it was decided that the host nation of the 1924 Summer Olympics, France, would host a separate \"International Winter Sports Week\" under the patronage of the IOC. Chamonix was chosen to host this \"week\" (actually 11 days) of events. The Games proved to be a success when more than 250 athletes from 16 nations competed in 16 events. Athletes from Finland and Norway won 28 medals, more than the rest of the participating nations combined. Germany remained banned until 1925, and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele, starting with the winter edition of 1922 (which predated the first Winter Olympics). In 1925 the IOC decided to create a separate winter event and the 1924 Games in Chamonix was retroactively designated as the first Winter Olympics.",
"title": "Winter Olympic Games"
},
{
"docid": "34069#25",
"text": "The 1994 Winter Olympics, held in Lillehammer, Norway, were the first Winter Games to be held separately from the Summer Games. This change resulted from the decision reached in the 91st IOC Session (1986) to separate the Summer and Winter Games and place them in alternating even-numbered years. Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and it was the second time the Games were held in Norway, after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia made their Olympic debuts. The women's figure skating competition drew media attention when American skater Nancy Kerrigan was injured on 6 January 1994, in an assault planned by the ex-husband of opponent Tonya Harding. Both skaters competed in the Games, but the gold medal was controversially won by Oksana Baiul who became Ukraine's first Olympic champion, while Kerrigan won the silver medal. Johann Olav Koss of Norway won three gold medals, coming first in all of the distance speed skating events. 13-year-old Kim Yoon-Mi became the youngest-ever Olympic gold medallist when South Korea won the women's 3,000 meter speed skating relay. Russia won the most events, with eleven gold medals, while Norway achieved 26 podium finishes, collecting the most medals overall on home ground. Juan Antonio Samaranch described Lillehammer as \"the best Olympic Winter Games ever\" in his closing ceremony speech.",
"title": "Winter Olympic Games"
},
{
"docid": "34069#15",
"text": "After not being able to host the Games in 1944, Cortina d'Ampezzo was selected to organise the 1956 Winter Olympics. At the opening ceremonies the final torch bearer, Guido Caroli, entered the Olympic Stadium on ice skates. As he skated around the stadium his skate caught on a cable and he fell, nearly extinguishing the flame. He was able to recover and light the cauldron. These were the first Winter Games to be televised, and the first Olympics ever broadcast to an international audience, though no television rights were sold until the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. The Cortina Games were used to test the feasibility of televising large sporting events. The Soviet Union made its Olympic debut and had an immediate impact, winning more medals than any other nation. Soviet immediate success might be explained by the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\". The USSR entered teams of athletes who were all nominally students, soldiers, or working in a profession, but many of whom were in reality paid by the state to train full-time. Chiharu Igaya won the first Winter Olympics medal for Japan and the continent of Asia when he placed second in the slalom.",
"title": "Winter Olympic Games"
},
{
"docid": "34069#13",
"text": "St. Moritz was selected to host the first post-war Games in 1948. Switzerland's neutrality had protected the town during World War II, and most of the venues were in place from the 1928 Games, which made St. Moritz a logical choice. It became the first city to host a Winter Olympics twice. Twenty-eight countries competed in Switzerland, but athletes from Germany and Japan were not invited. Controversy erupted when two hockey teams from the United States arrived, both claiming to be the legitimate U.S. Olympic hockey representative. The Olympic flag presented at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp was stolen, as was its replacement. There was unprecedented parity at these Games, during which 10 countries won gold medals—more than any Games to that point.",
"title": "Winter Olympic Games"
},
{
"docid": "14347863#0",
"text": "The 2012 Winter Youth Olympic Games (German: \"Olympische Jugend-Winterspiele 2012\"), officially known as the I Winter Youth Olympic Games (YOG), were an international multi-sport event for youths that took place in Innsbruck, on 13–22 January 2012. They were the inaugural Winter Youth Olympics, a major sports and cultural festival celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games. Approximately 1100 athletes from 70 countries competed. The decision for Innsbruck to host the Games was announced on 12 December 2008 after mail voting by 105 International Olympic Committee (IOC) members. Innsbruck is the first city to host three winter Olympic events, having previously hosted the 1964 Winter Olympics and the 1976 Winter Olympics.",
"title": "2012 Winter Youth Olympics"
},
{
"docid": "29801688#3",
"text": "Calgary first bid for the Winter Olympics was in 1959 for the 1964 Games, losing to Innsbruck. Their second Winter Olympic bid attempt was for the 1968 Winter Olympics, losing to Grenoble by three votes in 1964. The third time was the charm for Calgary in 1981 when they were awarded the 1988 Winter Olympics over Falun, Sweden and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.",
"title": "Venues of the 1988 Winter Olympics"
},
{
"docid": "30024564#1",
"text": "Nagano first attempted to host the Winter Olympics in 1940, but lost out to Sapporo. Those Olympics were abandoned in 1937 when Japan invaded China for the second time, forcing Sapporo's withdrawal. The city tried again for the Winter Olympics in 1968 in 1961, but lost out in domestic voting to Sapporo who in turn lost out to Grenoble, France in 1964. Sapporo would host the Winter Olympics finally in 1972. A third time for the Winter Olympics began in 1983 with a full bid for the Winter Games approved two years later. With the bid committee established in 1986 and lessons learned from previous mistakes, Nagano's bid for the Winter Olympics in Japan was approved in 1989. A revamped bid committee was launched later that year with presentations given to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1990. When the IOC session was in Tokyo in September 1990, Nagano was among the cities launching promotional campaign for the 1998 Winter Olympics. The following June at the IOC session in Birmingham, England, Nagano was awarded the 1998 Games in the fifth round, defeating Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States by four votes.",
"title": "Venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics"
}
] |
[
0.4236111044883728,
0.1815524697303772,
-0.1843126118183136,
0.1489596962928772,
0.4241875410079956,
0.3939887285232544,
0.3371039628982544,
-0.3447130024433136,
0.17987060546875,
0.14221276342868805,
-0.1691453754901886,
-0.2842475175857544,
-0.4148491621017456,
0.04323916882276535,
0.0384911447763443,
-0.035453371703624725,
0.3897026777267456,
0.3430718183517456,
-0.0436163991689682,
0.1878085732460022,
0.1868218332529068,
0.3420952558517456,
-0.1833767294883728,
0.1689927875995636,
0.0575748011469841,
0.1036037877202034,
-0.2920328676700592,
0.4433051347732544,
-0.1751336008310318,
0.3960367739200592,
0.2503730058670044,
0.04298119992017746,
-0.0049463906325399876,
0.5992567539215088,
-0.5186089277267456,
0.3154975175857544,
-0.17313235998153687,
-0.0436570905148983,
0.045806460082530975,
0.2616305947303772,
-0.3792046308517456,
0.2767876386642456,
0.5585395097732544,
0.048919677734375,
0.3996717631816864,
-0.2030707448720932,
0.3554416298866272,
0.044695112854242325,
-0.1692962646484375,
0.08381165564060211,
-0.3412136435508728,
0.012674967758357525,
-0.1671888530254364,
-0.04534912109375,
-0.2750515341758728,
0.23858642578125,
0.12363603711128235,
0.7012261152267456,
-0.0584004707634449,
-0.1812371164560318,
0.3612467348575592,
0.34210205078125,
-0.1800469309091568,
-0.1232265904545784,
-0.0857103168964386,
0.5000813603401184,
-0.09461911767721176,
-0.1568433940410614,
-0.1742587685585022,
0.016151640564203262,
0.1212802454829216,
0.5042046308517456,
0.2204996794462204,
-0.09064345806837082,
0.1503329873085022,
-0.3825141191482544,
0.2444932758808136,
0.0599839948117733,
0.1277415007352829,
-0.3064236044883728,
0.2238905131816864,
-0.1905720978975296,
-0.2534993588924408,
0.216064453125,
0.08998998254537582,
0.3207193911075592,
0.06486935168504715,
-0.1115315780043602,
0.4188096821308136,
0.4510362446308136,
0.1669124960899353,
-0.11608049273490906,
0.3130628764629364,
-0.09724394232034683,
0.28628963232040405,
0.10555267333984375,
0.1896091103553772,
-0.1315036416053772,
-0.02860344760119915,
-0.4895833432674408,
-0.3459608256816864,
-0.2135111540555954,
-0.0433756522834301,
0.23068322241306305,
0.02507442981004715,
-0.2479993999004364,
-0.7937825322151184,
0.1901177316904068,
0.0869411900639534,
0.4039713442325592,
0.5842556357383728,
-0.3864881694316864,
-0.1429714560508728,
0.0156419537961483,
0.1039276123046875,
0.2926432192325592,
0.2549031674861908,
-0.1877509206533432,
-0.344757080078125,
-0.6988389492034912,
0.3791232705116272,
0.3952907919883728,
-0.263427734375,
-0.5788845419883728,
-0.3624199628829956,
-0.0826246440410614,
0.3726128339767456,
0.006652196403592825,
0.6548393964767456,
0.5051540732383728,
-0.0126173235476017,
0.5006510615348816,
0.1475440114736557,
0.3471408486366272,
0.1796671599149704,
0.3301459550857544,
0.10044097900390625,
-0.1193881556391716,
-0.08697509765625,
-0.3445502519607544,
-0.2664794921875,
0.021704038605093956,
-0.0184182059019804,
0.6540256142616272,
0.10114076733589172,
0.4965549111366272,
0.1242879256606102,
0.4581163227558136,
-0.01970587857067585,
0.2756618857383728,
0.3747694194316864,
0.5201008915901184,
-0.4449598491191864,
0.4929470419883728,
-0.0549655482172966,
0.0379570871591568,
0.4413520097732544,
0.07189178466796875,
0.1013624370098114,
0.0764973983168602,
0.7818467617034912,
0.3358832597732544,
0.3777397871017456,
-0.2544826865196228,
0.14144939184188843,
0.2555202841758728,
-0.182769775390625,
0.4217122495174408,
0.4928928017616272,
-0.1325971782207489,
-0.1469929963350296,
0.2351735383272171,
0.2419620156288147,
-0.1323360800743103,
0.1154920756816864,
0.3819444477558136,
-0.3724365234375,
0.2611219584941864,
-0.2223442941904068,
-0.1196526437997818,
0.1641710102558136,
0.3475206196308136,
0.2111070454120636,
-0.2305637001991272,
0.5429145097732544,
0.4863010048866272,
-0.2760077714920044,
-0.3411186933517456,
-0.08138486742973328,
0.2985738217830658,
0.13155704736709595,
0.1709764301776886,
0.15981610119342804,
-0.4517686665058136,
-0.06752458959817886,
-0.072967529296875,
0.03302595391869545,
0.172637939453125,
-0.011766274459660053,
0.3471950888633728,
0.0163116455078125,
-0.1666412353515625,
-0.4569498598575592,
0.3245714008808136,
0.7049696445465088,
-0.0471225306391716,
-0.3415798544883728,
0.0541008859872818,
-0.1784532368183136,
0.1132863387465477,
0.3619791567325592,
0.08772190660238266,
0.3149142861366272,
0.0443267822265625,
-0.0871988907456398,
0.4583875834941864,
-0.1736721396446228,
-0.05554962158203125,
0.4946831464767456,
0.2934027910232544,
-0.0221727155148983,
0.3160535991191864,
-0.2022840678691864,
0.0378706194460392,
0.02085283026099205,
-0.2740851640701294,
0.2648111879825592,
-0.5097113847732544,
0.022428937256336212,
0.4110243022441864,
0.0473463274538517,
-0.1639539897441864,
0.0967898890376091,
-0.3220146894454956,
0.5062119960784912,
0.1334906667470932,
0.5814073085784912,
-0.0571407750248909,
0.035601720213890076,
-0.008331298828125,
0.5079481601715088,
0.0233001708984375,
0.0640428364276886,
-0.01146062184125185,
0.3278672993183136,
0.02937825582921505,
0.1313815712928772,
-0.0948028564453125,
-0.1796535849571228,
-0.2758246660232544,
0.24560546875,
0.0821448415517807,
0.11904653161764145,
0.07539431005716324,
-0.0702362060546875,
0.1303439736366272,
0.2121853232383728,
0.1198340505361557,
-0.2423858642578125,
0.16937255859375,
0.3089870810508728,
0.5680881142616272,
0.1965654194355011,
0.4443901777267456,
-0.2482028603553772,
-0.2642923891544342,
0.0377739816904068,
0.4113498330116272,
-0.06931601464748383,
0.4652235209941864,
0.12342029064893723,
-0.3423936665058136,
-0.04876433312892914,
0.0911577045917511,
-0.0645345076918602,
-0.435546875,
0.2146030068397522,
0.3292236328125,
-0.3048502504825592,
0.2158745676279068,
0.2617865800857544,
0.0649532750248909,
0.1139729842543602,
0.0816819965839386,
0.3736572265625,
0.2985093891620636,
-0.215576171875,
-0.2853868305683136,
-0.18987400829792023,
0.1111077219247818,
0.0171212088316679,
0.3225911557674408,
-0.4454752504825592,
0.0202653668820858,
-0.0072682700119912624,
-0.07460249960422516,
0.034112293273210526,
-0.0930904820561409,
0.2999131977558136,
-0.3566758930683136,
0.6338975429534912,
-0.5839301347732544,
0.3533121645450592,
0.3254665732383728,
0.1528659462928772,
-0.1193552017211914,
0.08963945508003235,
-0.040324918925762177,
0.02098761685192585,
-0.0383436419069767,
0.3493109941482544,
-0.45458984375,
-0.2405870258808136,
0.5096842646598816,
0.5864529013633728,
0.5394151210784912,
0.0334981270134449,
0.1784328818321228,
0.2569512128829956,
0.10081492364406586,
-0.2721082866191864,
-0.2422010600566864,
-0.2765163779258728,
0.1670871376991272,
0.13861083984375,
-0.427490234375,
0.05736372247338295,
0.0369296595454216,
0.5220268964767456,
0.4998914897441864,
0.5198703408241272,
0.3634711503982544,
-0.2492268830537796,
-0.0878770649433136,
-0.1317884624004364,
0.2671440839767456,
0.0990668386220932,
0.6535373330116272,
-0.04156494140625,
-0.4204983115196228,
0.1881849467754364,
-0.3705783486366272,
-0.2151421457529068,
0.2015041708946228,
-0.089111328125,
0.0776740163564682,
-0.1202324777841568,
-0.03411886468529701,
0.398193359375,
0.238525390625,
0.14199617505073547,
-0.030708737671375275,
0.00469037564471364,
-0.2793239951133728,
0.2125820517539978,
0.1015302836894989,
0.3105739951133728,
-0.1612921804189682,
0.2631293535232544,
-0.1777682900428772,
-0.0464884452521801,
0.334716796875,
0.1181708425283432,
0.4152560830116272,
0.2570393979549408,
0.2333170622587204,
-0.06001705676317215,
-0.2717183530330658,
-0.00008816189074423164,
0.4261067807674408,
0.09188588708639145,
0.1590677946805954,
-0.1822306364774704,
-0.1873304545879364,
-0.09924019873142242,
-0.1557040810585022,
0.18510352075099945,
0.0152757428586483,
0.5935872197151184,
0.6102702021598816,
0.3248426616191864,
0.5224880576133728,
0.390625,
-0.2413194477558136,
-0.0881788432598114,
0.0605248361825943,
-0.1024542897939682,
0.0669148787856102,
0.07184187322854996,
-0.3093668520450592,
0.2076619416475296,
-0.10685910284519196,
-0.0279057826846838,
-0.5828450322151184,
-0.1034715473651886,
-0.2844509482383728,
-0.07078022509813309,
0.4993760883808136,
0.21295166015625,
0.0472446009516716,
0.1131659597158432,
0.3644477128982544,
0.2127956748008728,
0.5233832597732544,
4.15625,
0.0858289897441864,
0.1486884206533432,
-0.1334669291973114,
-0.1875474750995636,
0.02634345181286335,
0.2124074250459671,
-0.2691514790058136,
-0.0743170827627182,
0.10205078125,
-0.2741563618183136,
0.1621602326631546,
0.0274827741086483,
0.4706895649433136,
-0.0683983713388443,
-0.09883245080709457,
0.2550727128982544,
0.0223871860653162,
0.4530978798866272,
0.3291693925857544,
-0.2836642861366272,
0.4665256142616272,
0.1867472380399704,
0.15031009912490845,
0.2926567792892456,
-0.2270033061504364,
0.22821044921875,
0.00796466413885355,
0.3574897050857544,
0.3167453408241272,
0.1896091103553772,
-0.2553846538066864,
-0.0171483363956213,
0.2439507395029068,
-0.6066623330116272,
0.2061123251914978,
0.4539930522441864,
0.32849040627479553,
0.0591227225959301,
-0.1599595844745636,
-0.3068576455116272,
-0.1219974085688591,
0.01488664373755455,
0.2355550080537796,
0.4750705361366272,
-0.3288709819316864,
-0.1093868687748909,
0.1896769255399704,
-0.2324015349149704,
-0.03341929242014885,
0.4372287392616272,
-0.2987467348575592,
-0.2222425639629364,
-0.1015574112534523,
0.2106730192899704,
0.5343424677848816,
0.2634819746017456,
0.3722873330116272,
-0.2900865375995636,
0.0888604074716568,
0.2632107138633728,
-0.0637952983379364,
0.1633334755897522,
0.4261339008808136,
-0.2791273295879364,
-0.2757975161075592,
0.3065694272518158,
0.6340603232383728,
0.4039984941482544,
0.17779541015625,
0.5755479335784912,
0.3325873613357544,
0.2115953266620636,
-0.3371446430683136,
-0.1707899272441864,
-0.1602851003408432,
-0.1960991770029068,
-0.2924533486366272,
0.02713860385119915,
0.4498697817325592,
0.17921870946884155,
-0.3886989951133728,
0.0013275146484375,
0.025031831115484238,
-0.0263510812073946,
0.5524088740348816,
0.2050984650850296,
-0.2188381552696228,
0.2486843466758728,
0.2261827290058136,
0.3578830361366272,
-0.0946570485830307,
0.0620134137570858,
0.1908942312002182,
0.4300943911075592,
0.01407708041369915,
-0.1516316682100296,
-4.049045085906982,
0.0340983085334301,
-0.3938530683517456,
-0.2222832590341568,
0.05948299914598465,
0.11142381280660629,
-0.1217990443110466,
0.3733724057674408,
-0.2961018979549408,
0.256561279296875,
0.1575520783662796,
0.2161322683095932,
0.14300884306430817,
0.7396918535232544,
0.380859375,
0.2077229768037796,
0.22489970922470093,
0.1811659038066864,
0.68505859375,
-0.0240648053586483,
0.013361613266170025,
-0.0025049846153706312,
0.4986979067325592,
-0.3953450620174408,
0.0954149067401886,
0.1435900777578354,
0.2365534007549286,
-0.1595933735370636,
-0.3231472373008728,
0.1360134482383728,
0.3050638735294342,
0.026966942474246025,
0.4364420473575592,
-0.1542290598154068,
0.13085514307022095,
0.3562282919883728,
0.1849636435508728,
-0.0213148333132267,
0.2086859792470932,
0.20813581347465515,
-0.3392333984375,
-0.2844102680683136,
0.4488389790058136,
0.2553304135799408,
0.06438302993774414,
0.0015530056552961469,
0.0032797919120639563,
0.2892252504825592,
-0.0338982492685318,
0.1699083149433136,
0.2582329511642456,
0.1253017783164978,
-0.13782671093940735,
0.2552219033241272,
0.4936794638633728,
-0.1736246794462204,
0.3057996928691864,
0.3467339277267456,
0.3446587324142456,
0.0172441266477108,
-0.1099141463637352,
0.3655463457107544,
-0.0753377303481102,
0.05772823840379715,
-0.0204637311398983,
0.07630369067192078,
-0.10671234130859375,
0.4221733808517456,
-0.0674641951918602,
-0.2248942106962204,
0.10115686804056168,
0.2773810625076294,
0.1830105185508728,
-0.2709418535232544,
0.2605794370174408,
0.1278398334980011,
-0.08116573840379715,
-0.0398983433842659,
0.6672634482383728,
0.1746131032705307,
-0.0439520925283432,
0.4508463442325592,
-0.4009602963924408,
-0.1021372452378273,
2.2649738788604736,
0.1525065153837204,
2.265625,
0.2371012419462204,
0.0165117047727108,
0.2588433027267456,
-0.2155083566904068,
0.05433569848537445,
0.2981363832950592,
0.2134467214345932,
0.2825113832950592,
0.3665229082107544,
-0.1503363698720932,
0.1794314980506897,
0.15239354968070984,
-0.09732818603515625,
0.2562527060508728,
-0.921875,
0.1113688126206398,
-0.03168974816799164,
0.14065726101398468,
0.0452762171626091,
-0.08410898596048355,
0.1614922434091568,
0.3920084536075592,
0.0721944198012352,
-0.4246147871017456,
0.03296661376953125,
0.3079969584941864,
-0.2245585173368454,
-0.3288099467754364,
0.1438937783241272,
0.4001736044883728,
0.2193942666053772,
0.4070366621017456,
0.1674092561006546,
0.09534581750631332,
4.700520992279053,
0.5378146767616272,
-0.2274712473154068,
0.2827012836933136,
0.2854953408241272,
0.0433146171271801,
0.3049858808517456,
-0.117340087890625,
0.0028635661583393812,
-0.0553877092897892,
0.2670220136642456,
0.2082112580537796,
-0.1644490510225296,
0.055483605712652206,
-0.1179233118891716,
-0.1638607382774353,
0.03957027941942215,
0.3184000551700592,
0.3450249433517456,
0.0409817174077034,
0.281890869140625,
0.1487189382314682,
0.4085150957107544,
-0.0810902938246727,
0.3558892011642456,
0.1073438823223114,
0.3212348222732544,
-0.3828125,
-0.0588345006108284,
0.3115302324295044,
0.02275763638317585,
5.470052242279053,
0.3685777485370636,
0.1921251118183136,
-0.3036159873008728,
0.32080078125,
0.3202311098575592,
-0.3720703125,
0.2384779155254364,
-0.2468939870595932,
0.0012202792568132281,
-0.148773193359375,
-0.11909908801317215,
-0.02008480578660965,
0.3994683027267456,
0.08435074239969254,
0.2196451872587204,
-0.0763651505112648,
-0.11171065270900726,
0.2328694611787796,
-0.3380533754825592,
0.7826063632965088,
-0.3822157084941864,
0.4742567241191864,
-0.6142035722732544,
-0.0073521933518350124,
0.1332872211933136,
-0.21630859375,
0.2666541337966919,
-0.4708658754825592,
-0.2382134348154068,
0.1669175922870636,
0.3189765214920044,
-0.1346944123506546,
0.02129025012254715,
-0.2258470356464386,
0.1688029021024704,
0.1387736052274704,
-0.035386402159929276,
-0.1468370258808136,
0.004311402793973684,
0.3074001669883728,
0.7235243320465088,
-0.2563205361366272,
0.1748080849647522,
-0.2485554963350296,
-0.1235029399394989,
0.0184792410582304,
-0.109588623046875,
-0.1807996928691864,
0.2110866904258728,
0.2233174592256546,
-0.4456651508808136,
1.1669921875,
0.17156982421875,
0.4625922441482544,
0.1072557270526886,
-0.0045640734024345875,
0.1406724750995636,
-0.12224027514457703,
0.06910260766744614,
0.5079209804534912,
0.0821567103266716,
0.0261416956782341,
0.3439127504825592,
0.1523573100566864,
0.2706027626991272,
0.015661874786019325,
0.016890419647097588,
0.3714870810508728,
-0.2913682758808136,
0.2549506425857544,
0.10026635229587555,
0.1552666574716568,
-0.18130916357040405,
-0.1426595002412796,
0.0440436452627182,
0.2482808381319046,
-0.2394070029258728,
-0.012769275344908237,
-0.1939324289560318,
-0.1824408620595932,
-0.2670356035232544,
-0.3227810263633728,
-0.2538384199142456,
0.3911404013633728,
0.0641208216547966,
-0.3206108808517456,
0.1281602680683136,
0.6194390058517456,
0.1087799072265625,
-0.0045452117919921875,
0.2902967631816864,
-0.2001478374004364,
0.3877224326133728,
-0.0915985107421875,
-0.12493896484375,
0.6336805820465088,
0.1335313618183136,
-0.19464874267578125,
0.245361328125,
0.2137179970741272,
0.2079942524433136,
-0.0956997349858284,
-0.0442301444709301,
0.3357747495174408,
-0.1516181081533432,
-0.03102620504796505,
-0.2810736894607544,
0.1616143137216568,
-0.1498684287071228,
0.4509819746017456,
0.5161675214767456,
-0.12232208251953125,
-0.1031680628657341,
-0.2890082597732544
] |
2143
|
How many served in the Rough Riders?
|
[
{
"docid": "145971#6",
"text": "On May 29, 1898, 1060 Rough Riders and 1258 of their horses and mules made their way to the Southern Pacific railroad to travel to Tampa, Florida where they would set off for Cuba. The lot awaited orders for departure from Major General William Rufus Shafter. Under heavy prompting from Washington D.C., General Shafter gave the order to dispatch the troops early before sufficient traveling storage was available. Due to this problem, only eight of the twelve companies of The Rough Riders were permitted to leave Tampa to engage in the war, and many of the horses and mules were left behind. Aside from Lieutenant-Colonel Roosevelt's first hand mention of deep, heartfelt sorrow from the men left behind, this situation resulted in a premature weakening of the men. Approximately one fourth of them who received training had already been lost, most dying of malaria and yellow fever. This sent the remaining troops into Cuba with a significant loss in men and morale.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "145971#3",
"text": "Before training began, Lieutenant Colonel Roosevelt used his political influence as Assistant Secretary of the Navy to ensure that his volunteer regiment would be properly equipped to serve as any regular Army unit. The Rough Riders were armed with Model 1896 Carbines in caliber .30 US (i.e. 30-40 Krag). \"They succeeded in getting their cartridges, Colt Single Action Army revolvers, clothing, shelter-tents, and horse gear ... and in getting the regiment armed with the Krag–Jørgensen carbine used by the regular cavalry.\" The Rough Riders also used Bowie knives. A last-minute gift from a wealthy donor were a pair of modern tripod mounted, gas-operated M1895 Colt–Browning machine guns in 7mm Mauser caliber.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "145971#13",
"text": "The order was given for the men to march the eight miles along the road to Santiago from the outpost they had been holding. Originally, Colonel Roosevelt had no specific orders for himself and his men. They were simply to march to San Juan Heights where over one thousand Spanish soldiers held the area and hold position. It was decided that Brigadier General Henry Lawton's division would be the main fighters in the battle while taking El Caney, a Spanish stronghold, a few miles away. The cavalry was to simply serve as a distraction while artillery and battery struck the Spanish from afar. Lawton's infantry would begin the battle and The Rough Riders were to march and meet with them mid-battle. In this way, The Rough Riders were not seen as a critical tool to the United States Army in this battle.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "145971#23",
"text": "On August 14, the Rough Riders landed at Montauk Point on Long Island, New York. There, they met up with the other four companies that had been left behind in Tampa. Colonel Roosevelt made note of how very many of the men who were left behind felt guilty for not serving in Cuba with the others. However, he also stated that \"those who stayed had done their duty precisely as did those who went, for the question of glory was not to be considered in comparison to the faithful performance of whatever was ordered.\" During the first portion of the month that the men stayed in Montauk they received hospital care. Many of the men were stricken with Malarial fever (described at the time as \"Cuban fever\") and died in Cuba, while some were brought back to the United States on board the ship in makeshift quarantine. \"One of the distressing features of the Malaria which had been ravaging the troops was that it was recurrent and persistent. Some of the men died after reaching home, and many were very sick.\" Aside from malaria, there were cases of yellow fever, dysentery and other illnesses. Many of the men suffered from general exhaustion and were in poor condition upon returning home, some twenty pounds lighter. Everyone received fresh food and most were nourished back to their normal health.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "145971#2",
"text": "The volunteers were gathered in four areas: Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas. They were gathered mainly from the southwest because the hot climate region that the men were used to was similar to that of Cuba where they would be fighting. \"The difficulty in organizing was not in selecting, but in rejecting men.\" The allowed limit set for the volunteer cavalry men was promptly met. They gathered a diverse bunch of men consisting of cowboys, gold or mining prospectors, hunters, gamblers, Native Americans and college boys—all of whom were able-bodied and capable on horseback and in shooting. Among these men were also police officers and military veterans who wished to see action again, most of whom had already retired. Men who had served in the regular army during campaigns against Native Americans or during the Civil War would serve as higher ranking officers, since they already had the knowledge and experience to lead and train the men. The unit thus would not be without experience. Leonard Wood, an Army doctor who served as the medical adviser for both the President and Secretary of War, was appointed colonel of The Rough Riders, with Roosevelt serving as lieutenant colonel. One particularly famous spot where volunteers were gathered was in San Antonio, Texas, at the Menger Hotel Bar. The bar is still open and serves as a tribute to the Rough Riders, containing much of their, and Theodore Roosevelt's, uniforms and memorabilia.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "145971#29",
"text": "Outside the volunteer division, one of Roosevelt's must trusted officers from the Rough Riders, Brigadier General John Campbell Greenway, served in the 101st Infantry Regiment. Greenway, a colonel at the time, was especially praised for his heroic conduct in battle and was cited for bravery at Cambrai. France awarded him the Croix de Guerre, the Legion of Honor, and the Ordre de l'Étoile Noire for commanding the 101st Infantry Regiment during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. He also received a Distinguished Service Cross.\nColonel Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders were popularly portrayed in Wild West Shows such as \"Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World\" and in Minstrel shows such as William H. West's \"Big Minstrel Jubilee\". Roosevelt himself had a hand in popularizing the legends of the Rough Riders, recruiting Mason Mitchell, a fellow Rough Rider with theatrical talent, to perform for the Republican State Committee of New York. More than anyone else, William Frederick Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill, can be credited with helping to create and preserve the dramatic myth of the Rough Riders and the American Old West. His extravaganzas glamorized it into an appealing show for Eastern American audiences and helped permanently preserve the legends.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "1046071#23",
"text": "In 2015, the Rough Riders finished in second place in the Mid Atlantic Division at 9–4–1, advancing to the PDL playoffs for the first time since 2011. The semifinal match against the Jersey Express remained scoreless until the 48th minute when Kramer’s shot from inside the penalty box put the Rough Riders ahead. A minute later, the Express got on the scoreboard with the equalizer. The Express took the lead in the 52nd minute and provided another goal in the 76th minute en route to a 3–1 comeback win. Former Rough Riders player Tim Parker made his Major League Soccer playoff debut for the Vancouver Whitecaps against the Portland Timbers in early November. Parker also earned his first call-up to the United States National Team training camp in January that included international friendlies versus Canada and Iceland.",
"title": "Long Island Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "145971#28",
"text": "Just after the United States entered the war against the Central Powers, the U.S. Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the \"Rough Riders\". Roosevelt immediately selected eighteen officers (including: Seth Bullock, Frederick Russell Burnham, and James Rudolph Garfield) to raise a volunteer infantry division, and began corresponding with Newton D. Baker, Secretary of War. After several months, many more men joined Roosevelt's World War I volunteers, but Baker refused to offer any assistance or guidance to the new unit. Frustrated, Roosevelt telegraphed President Woodrow Wilson requesting his assistance; however, as Commander-in-chief, Wilson refused to make use of the volunteers and Roosevelt disbanded the unit.",
"title": "Rough Riders"
},
{
"docid": "39751507#13",
"text": "The unveiling and dedication ceremony for the Rough Riders Memorial was at 4:30 P.M. on April 12, 1907. The Rough Riders Monument Society formed a committee to plan the event, and Major General George H. Harries assisted with the planning and acted as master of ceremonies. In attendance were three batteries from the U.S. Light Field Artillery, a squad of mounted soldiers from the 13th Cavalry, three companies of the District of Columbia Army National Guard, and part of a company of the D.C. Naval National Guard. Music was provided by the 13th Cavalry Band; the Engineers' Band from the Washington Navy Yard; and the Brigade Band of the District of Columbia National Guard. At the time, seven Rough Riders were buried in the far western edge of what is now Section 22 (along McPherson Avenue). These graves were strewn with yellow and white flowers, the colors of the regiment.",
"title": "Rough Riders Memorial"
},
{
"docid": "43262#32",
"text": "The Pony Express had an estimated 80 riders traveling east or west along the route at any given time. In addition, there were also about 400 other employees, including station keepers, stock tenders and route superintendents. Many young men applied; Waddell and Majors could have easily hired riders at low rates, but instead offered one hundred dollars a montha handsome sum for that time. Author Mark Twain described the riders in his travel memoir \"Roughing It\" as: \"... usually a little bit of a man\". Though the riders were small, lightweight, generally teenage boys, they came to be seen as heroes of the American West. There was no systematic list of riders kept by the company, but a partial list has been compiled by Raymond and Nancy Settle in their \"Saddles & Spurs\" (1972).",
"title": "Pony Express"
}
] |
[
0.24143067002296448,
-0.46125489473342896,
-0.501477062702179,
0.12424011528491974,
0.34327393770217896,
0.56982421875,
0.21743889153003693,
-0.338623046875,
0.247314453125,
0.30131834745407104,
-0.2967270016670227,
-0.25392454862594604,
-0.10936889797449112,
0.1505718231201172,
-0.09177304804325104,
0.36878663301467896,
0.3545165956020355,
-0.11107482761144638,
-0.2546752989292145,
-0.23317870497703552,
-0.3036254942417145,
0.42033690214157104,
-0.00799407996237278,
0.12816162407398224,
0.08427581936120987,
-0.4236083924770355,
-0.139495849609375,
0.2216796875,
-0.20677490532398224,
0.4144043028354645,
0.18083533644676208,
-0.3023681640625,
0.29151612520217896,
0.41734009981155396,
-0.6053222417831421,
0.16780853271484375,
-0.0055099488236010075,
0.42200928926467896,
-0.031829833984375,
0.5654052495956421,
-0.00830764789134264,
0.06861724704504013,
0.090520478785038,
-0.20039062201976776,
0.2528930604457855,
-0.0027679442428052425,
-0.17489013075828552,
-0.1254531890153885,
-0.330252081155777,
0.17574158310890198,
-0.44775390625,
-0.548510730266571,
-0.14767150580883026,
-0.22738036513328552,
-0.27357178926467896,
0.14178772270679474,
0.29136353731155396,
0.85400390625,
-0.378173828125,
-0.315185546875,
0.21004638075828552,
0.11141357570886612,
-0.2771972715854645,
-0.05576934665441513,
0.6089111566543579,
0.2734741270542145,
-0.144744873046875,
0.3887695372104645,
-0.1483413726091385,
0.31981199979782104,
0.09103699028491974,
0.40214842557907104,
0.36103516817092896,
0.10340423882007599,
-0.32244873046875,
-0.560546875,
0.32177734375,
0.0625,
0.28162842988967896,
0.02273864671587944,
0.21686401963233948,
-0.04752960056066513,
0.20977783203125,
-0.07383117824792862,
-0.05744781345129013,
0.4768310487270355,
-0.026268769055604935,
0.03125457838177681,
0.4352783262729645,
0.525390625,
-0.20745849609375,
0.42158204317092896,
-0.12689360976219177,
0.4504638612270355,
-0.11142120510339737,
0.41987305879592896,
0.36549073457717896,
0.3536376953125,
0.3085571229457855,
0.04324321821331978,
0.12836913764476776,
-0.21527099609375,
-0.06364135444164276,
0.4458679258823395,
0.12909546494483948,
-0.46196287870407104,
-0.15998534858226776,
0.29129332304000854,
0.41607666015625,
0.5356689691543579,
0.25389328598976135,
-0.17928162217140198,
-0.010084343142807484,
-0.06652221828699112,
0.4386962950229645,
0.10277404636144638,
0.5012786984443665,
-0.39201658964157104,
-0.22845764458179474,
-0.9007812738418579,
0.26405030488967896,
0.4438720643520355,
-0.16962051391601562,
0.14381256699562073,
-0.47834473848342896,
-0.16029663383960724,
0.47504884004592896,
0.0009738922235555947,
0.62890625,
0.6351073980331421,
-0.16675186157226562,
0.20274658501148224,
0.17547607421875,
0.5882812738418579,
0.448333740234375,
0.1132354736328125,
0.1281280517578125,
0.011035156436264515,
-0.10400734096765518,
-0.4031738340854645,
-0.3993515074253082,
-0.2909912168979645,
0.4009033143520355,
0.5033203363418579,
-0.0642520934343338,
0.15972900390625,
0.16110840439796448,
0.23380689322948456,
-0.034247588366270065,
0.4734863340854645,
0.10402526706457138,
0.04731140285730362,
-0.18859252333641052,
0.23986205458641052,
-0.053433991968631744,
0.1022544875741005,
-0.0756988525390625,
0.257080078125,
-0.0016906738746911287,
0.2678283751010895,
0.634692370891571,
0.39665526151657104,
0.15631866455078125,
0.08001022040843964,
0.19374999403953552,
0.4155517518520355,
-0.24810485541820526,
0.32268065214157104,
0.581225574016571,
-0.1448974609375,
-0.014986229129135609,
0.29503172636032104,
0.11902312934398651,
-0.05453338474035263,
-0.09883232414722443,
0.04030761867761612,
-0.4101318418979645,
-0.07694397121667862,
0.658398449420929,
-0.24674072861671448,
0.164306640625,
0.23048095405101776,
0.19757995009422302,
0.22710266709327698,
0.47297364473342896,
0.19953307509422302,
-0.16877441108226776,
0.03438911586999893,
-0.24581298232078552,
0.2987060546875,
0.22900390625,
0.3681396543979645,
0.5550781488418579,
0.4127197265625,
0.2730651795864105,
0.2621704041957855,
-0.09037170559167862,
0.3896728456020355,
-0.09311218559741974,
0.21099853515625,
0.01279296912252903,
0.22504273056983948,
-0.30833131074905396,
0.33244627714157104,
0.589599609375,
-0.20655517280101776,
-0.20396117866039276,
0.15980224311351776,
-0.07411842048168182,
-0.4426513612270355,
0.24970702826976776,
0.13228759169578552,
-0.43443602323532104,
0.6221679449081421,
-0.18270263075828552,
0.22127075493335724,
-0.41203612089157104,
0.0033966065384447575,
0.3347434997558594,
0.20637206733226776,
-0.09975280612707138,
0.4973388612270355,
-0.0478515625,
0.09934081882238388,
0.17576904594898224,
-0.18473510444164276,
-0.6964355707168579,
-0.164662167429924,
0.06029510498046875,
0.21640625596046448,
-0.013628387823700905,
0.24710693955421448,
0.05915260314941406,
-0.09140930324792862,
0.05355377122759819,
0.16562804579734802,
0.27947694063186646,
0.08220825344324112,
0.21394653618335724,
0.09150924533605576,
0.02163848839700222,
-0.2817016541957855,
-0.08474769443273544,
0.3432861268520355,
0.3593994081020355,
-0.2796386778354645,
0.28910523653030396,
0.06639309227466583,
-0.20107726752758026,
-0.33726805448532104,
0.3105224668979645,
-0.2541259825229645,
0.238810732960701,
0.47490233182907104,
-0.12993469834327698,
0.22437134385108948,
0.04118671268224716,
-0.22484740614891052,
-0.14159545302391052,
0.33270263671875,
0.0069557190872728825,
0.4258056581020355,
0.4039306640625,
0.614941418170929,
-0.3781982362270355,
-0.04587287828326225,
0.24927978217601776,
0.588134765625,
0.03366699069738388,
0.3645263612270355,
0.6712402105331421,
-0.6396484375,
0.10734405368566513,
-0.06795654445886612,
-0.3735107481479645,
-0.3016113340854645,
0.347900390625,
-0.3427078127861023,
0.09631042182445526,
0.3773193359375,
0.15810851752758026,
0.005099487490952015,
-0.34174805879592896,
0.0061584473587572575,
0.19729919731616974,
0.5771484375,
0.18284912407398224,
-0.09322891384363174,
-0.009016799740493298,
0.27690428495407104,
0.11157532036304474,
0.3426757752895355,
-0.0369415283203125,
-0.5069214105606079,
-0.29677122831344604,
0.33819007873535156,
0.18312683701515198,
0.38896483182907104,
-0.06383514404296875,
-0.28929442167282104,
0.46503907442092896,
-0.4368652403354645,
0.2012016326189041,
0.5249694585800171,
0.23544616997241974,
-0.23992308974266052,
-0.051357269287109375,
0.02819366380572319,
-0.17776279151439667,
0.09541015326976776,
0.17221984267234802,
-0.23293456435203552,
-0.029317473992705345,
-0.26685792207717896,
0.12158508598804474,
0.16343994438648224,
0.22853393852710724,
-0.00394020089879632,
0.6135498285293579,
0.1212615966796875,
0.03024902381002903,
0.2465873658657074,
-0.3668456971645355,
-0.12783508002758026,
0.30260008573532104,
-0.29460448026657104,
0.05571899563074112,
-0.12253303825855255,
0.5088135004043579,
-0.155120849609375,
0.4767089784145355,
0.5669189691543579,
-0.10926513373851776,
-0.29685670137405396,
-0.19844970107078552,
0.1336929351091385,
0.41984862089157104,
-0.15201950073242188,
-0.1147613525390625,
-0.142750546336174,
0.15842895209789276,
0.23291626572608948,
0.3689208924770355,
0.29217529296875,
-0.16070862114429474,
-0.14604492485523224,
-0.09067077934741974,
0.13490600883960724,
0.58154296875,
0.017028044909238815,
0.5340820550918579,
0.05644073337316513,
0.062302399426698685,
0.03188476711511612,
0.1918182373046875,
0.5172119140625,
0.23301391303539276,
0.2996887266635895,
0.17770996689796448,
-0.23150023818016052,
0.28673094511032104,
0.18742676079273224,
0.10682906955480576,
0.10883712768554688,
0.19356688857078552,
0.29655760526657104,
0.025315094739198685,
-0.3539794981479645,
0.00899353064596653,
-0.31224173307418823,
0.3093017637729645,
-0.14977684617042542,
-0.017634963616728783,
-0.06929244846105576,
0.08998260647058487,
-0.35698240995407104,
0.1600799560546875,
0.3738647401332855,
0.618945300579071,
0.21881714463233948,
-0.014775085262954235,
0.64794921875,
0.18617554008960724,
-0.06852378696203232,
-0.2928466796875,
-0.3630127012729645,
0.0865020751953125,
0.09534301608800888,
0.590771496295929,
0.0046844482421875,
0.09889831393957138,
-0.11815567314624786,
0.225372314453125,
-0.2888122498989105,
-0.4559326171875,
0.02506561204791069,
0.047565460205078125,
0.578198254108429,
0.74072265625,
-0.1944705992937088,
-0.310546875,
0.4295898377895355,
0.5280517339706421,
0.16530151665210724,
4.20703125,
0.24395751953125,
0.4422851502895355,
-0.18241271376609802,
-0.028920728713274002,
0.14197692275047302,
0.5368896722793579,
-0.4206787049770355,
-0.027777481824159622,
0.09609279781579971,
-0.32447510957717896,
0.21923217177391052,
-0.24785156548023224,
-0.067804716527462,
-0.2887206971645355,
0.2925659120082855,
0.30976563692092896,
-0.13733521103858948,
0.5814208984375,
0.2252197265625,
-0.24809570610523224,
0.14915084838867188,
0.2723144590854645,
0.20186614990234375,
0.617382824420929,
-0.28215330839157104,
-0.17188110947608948,
-0.21279755234718323,
0.2489166259765625,
0.24827270209789276,
0.30192869901657104,
-0.11754455417394638,
-0.05754394456744194,
-0.07660675048828125,
-0.6626220941543579,
0.29362791776657104,
0.2621093690395355,
-0.0023639679420739412,
-0.11565466225147247,
0.0710386261343956,
-0.011960601434111595,
0.0738094300031662,
0.49686890840530396,
0.544970691204071,
0.5604003667831421,
0.06425227969884872,
0.2136688232421875,
0.0681830421090126,
0.020294189453125,
-0.040345001965761185,
0.4946533143520355,
-0.14791259169578552,
-0.11828918755054474,
-0.29511719942092896,
0.22646179795265198,
0.518383800983429,
0.0849609375,
0.6969970464706421,
0.2525634765625,
0.16338500380516052,
0.22364120185375214,
-0.3364318907260895,
0.017535019665956497,
0.04227294772863388,
-0.827685534954071,
-0.1162109375,
0.21819457411766052,
0.10178222507238388,
-0.08004379272460938,
-0.09993743896484375,
0.567553699016571,
0.25823670625686646,
0.3799682557582855,
-0.3112548887729645,
0.2658035159111023,
0.04040374606847763,
-0.35649412870407104,
0.5868896245956421,
0.13607177138328552,
-0.22048339247703552,
0.324624627828598,
-0.2575927674770355,
0.08024291694164276,
0.636181652545929,
0.02513275109231472,
0.4954833984375,
-0.252249151468277,
-0.386962890625,
0.4336181581020355,
0.13877105712890625,
0.32330322265625,
0.22233276069164276,
0.26251220703125,
0.4187255799770355,
-0.00016021728515625,
0.11340637505054474,
0.2921508848667145,
-3.911328077316284,
-0.06309101730585098,
-0.48881834745407104,
-0.12496370077133179,
0.23566894233226776,
0.1500101089477539,
0.06057129055261612,
0.532183825969696,
-0.14510193467140198,
0.129791259765625,
-0.3086257874965668,
-0.1517791748046875,
-0.3478759825229645,
0.576904296875,
0.173675537109375,
0.0016208648448809981,
0.03775329515337944,
0.07274512946605682,
0.4839111268520355,
-0.13481369614601135,
-0.31172484159469604,
0.2119140625,
0.4067138731479645,
-0.18967589735984802,
-0.04749603196978569,
0.08537749946117401,
-0.10081253200769424,
-0.4923095703125,
-0.4603027403354645,
0.01461105328053236,
-0.20101623237133026,
-0.504956066608429,
0.4410156309604645,
-0.01786193810403347,
0.03117523156106472,
0.5014587640762329,
0.6903076171875,
-0.19165650010108948,
0.077989861369133,
0.4747558534145355,
-0.0658416748046875,
0.26676711440086365,
0.34257811307907104,
0.18494263291358948,
-0.042157746851444244,
0.24248047173023224,
-0.19750365614891052,
0.12253160774707794,
-0.20334473252296448,
0.1672515869140625,
0.23613281548023224,
-0.11150512844324112,
0.23197022080421448,
-0.08398742973804474,
0.47265625,
-0.11575622856616974,
0.42115211486816406,
-0.13309936225414276,
0.027277182787656784,
0.14584045112133026,
-0.09386062622070312,
-0.3273559510707855,
0.05311279371380806,
-0.1803131103515625,
0.04678039625287056,
-0.132568359375,
0.142364501953125,
-0.233978271484375,
-0.07596588134765625,
-0.19919738173484802,
-0.23625488579273224,
0.35380858182907104,
0.147003173828125,
0.08372609317302704,
0.084905244410038,
0.6512695550918579,
0.14664916694164276,
-0.14639587700366974,
0.38530272245407104,
0.23982086777687073,
-0.206787109375,
-0.08911743015050888,
-0.37016600370407104,
0.26813966035842896,
2.3661131858825684,
0.31304931640625,
2.312206983566284,
0.1244049072265625,
0.11480712890625,
0.24291381239891052,
-0.10709228366613388,
-0.02472839318215847,
-0.07064743340015411,
-0.15313033759593964,
0.4279541075229645,
-0.16051940619945526,
-0.21338501572608948,
0.16211242973804474,
0.02630767785012722,
-0.03859405592083931,
0.24659423530101776,
-0.915600597858429,
0.4495849609375,
-0.709423840045929,
0.3037109375,
-0.009901046752929688,
-0.08033905178308487,
0.11255836486816406,
0.14127197861671448,
0.13257141411304474,
-0.11455230414867401,
0.04357204586267471,
-0.08547363430261612,
0.09944649040699005,
-0.4361572265625,
0.27352601289749146,
0.15783385932445526,
0.05933799594640732,
-0.24391479790210724,
-0.24898681044578552,
0.025434112176299095,
4.66796875,
0.3828125,
-0.210540771484375,
0.03445015102624893,
-0.04384880140423775,
-0.0031578063499182463,
0.579174816608429,
0.3533935546875,
0.0720115676522255,
0.08565597236156464,
0.550122082233429,
0.28776246309280396,
0.0424230583012104,
0.07272453606128693,
0.22403565049171448,
0.34454345703125,
0.5660400390625,
0.07472076267004013,
0.4190429747104645,
0.2959350645542145,
0.21656493842601776,
0.17637328803539276,
-0.06697549670934677,
0.023163605481386185,
0.04730377346277237,
0.31824952363967896,
0.21747437119483948,
-0.46232908964157104,
-0.06885910034179688,
-0.0838138610124588,
0.3524169921875,
5.445703029632568,
0.14916153252124786,
0.09977646172046661,
-0.01113052386790514,
0.048593901097774506,
0.121246337890625,
-0.21050414443016052,
0.03483886644244194,
-0.48681640625,
-0.07062949985265732,
-0.20560303330421448,
-0.22258567810058594,
-0.3613037168979645,
0.15992851555347443,
0.3113037049770355,
0.0858917236328125,
-0.19610595703125,
-0.2968505918979645,
0.28557127714157104,
-0.2628173828125,
0.6077880859375,
-0.3105529844760895,
0.20900268852710724,
-0.82666015625,
-0.33214646577835083,
0.05630188062787056,
0.027922917157411575,
-0.13148346543312073,
-0.26185303926467896,
0.08992385864257812,
0.5740722417831421,
0.7076171636581421,
0.1444549560546875,
0.3421630859375,
-0.19344481825828552,
0.04548950120806694,
0.6621338129043579,
0.2615112364292145,
-0.24371489882469177,
0.15875855088233948,
0.17747192084789276,
0.5658935308456421,
-0.17386475205421448,
0.26902467012405396,
-0.5700927972793579,
-0.1569564789533615,
0.18703612685203552,
-0.027812957763671875,
-0.3072876036167145,
-0.012316512875258923,
-0.13831786811351776,
-0.12064094841480255,
1.090966820716858,
0.16458435356616974,
0.49512940645217896,
0.20438233017921448,
-0.019873429089784622,
-0.19207915663719177,
-0.01871643029153347,
-0.73681640625,
0.32646483182907104,
0.24124756455421448,
-0.0049194335006177425,
0.25361329317092896,
0.4754394590854645,
0.12961426377296448,
0.2945312559604645,
0.041046906262636185,
0.6025390625,
-0.46137696504592896,
-0.005443572998046875,
-0.101226806640625,
0.196990966796875,
-0.16130447387695312,
-0.4156127870082855,
0.6899048089981079,
0.12041626125574112,
-0.0008956909296102822,
0.14396056532859802,
0.13448333740234375,
0.0068565369583666325,
-0.053749848157167435,
-0.48579102754592896,
-0.13332518935203552,
0.08974609524011612,
0.19397583603858948,
-0.06685332953929901,
-0.3023437559604645,
-0.06495781242847443,
0.19469603896141052,
0.15210571885108948,
0.07816772162914276,
-0.127166748046875,
0.4626831114292145,
0.03370056301355362,
0.21055908501148224,
-0.3005996644496918,
0.3838256895542145,
0.32890015840530396,
0.22388610243797302,
0.20842818915843964,
0.4045654237270355,
0.3037582337856293,
-0.08431854099035263,
0.3752197325229645,
0.04880809783935547,
0.48712158203125,
0.4259277284145355,
-0.17901916801929474,
0.19542846083641052,
0.4779296815395355,
0.33045655488967896,
0.4346923828125,
-0.04943084716796875,
-0.3556884825229645
] |
2144
|
What is the origin of the symbol Hg for mercury?
|
[
{
"docid": "18617142#14",
"text": "Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. It comes from \"hydrargyrum\", a Latinized form of the Greek word ὑδράργυρος (\"hydrargyros\"), which is a compound word meaning \"water-silver\" (from ὑδρ- \"hydr-\", the root of ὕδωρ, \"water,\" and ἄργυρος \"argyros\" \"silver\") – since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for his speed and mobility. It is associated with the planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal; the Sanskrit word for alchemy is \"Rasavātam\" which means \"the way of mercury\". Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name.",
"title": "Mercury (element)"
},
{
"docid": "487510#21",
"text": "Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. It comes from \"hydrargyrum\", a Latinized form of the Greek word Ύδραργυρος (\"hydrargyros\"), which is a compound word meaning \"water-silver\" (hydr- = water, argyros = silver) — since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god Mercury, known for speed and mobility. It is associated with the planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal. Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name became the common name.",
"title": "Group 12 element"
},
{
"docid": "18617142#0",
"text": "Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum ( ). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.",
"title": "Mercury (element)"
},
{
"docid": "181556#41",
"text": "Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is also known as quicksilver or hydrargyrum ( < Greek \"\" \"water\" and \"\" \"silver\"). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metal that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, francium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. With a freezing point of −38.83 °C and boiling point of 356.73 °C, mercury has one of the narrowest ranges of its liquid state of any metal.",
"title": "Period 6 element"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "13153789#18",
"text": "Mercury poisoning is a disease caused by exposure to mercury or its compounds. Mercury (chemical symbol Hg) is a heavy metal occurring in several forms, all of which can produce toxic effects in high enough doses. Its zero oxidation state Hg exists as vapor or as liquid metal, its mercurous state Hg exists as inorganic salts, and its mercuric state Hg may form either inorganic salts or organomercury compounds; the three groups vary in effects. Toxic effects include damage to the brain, kidney, and lungs. Mercury poisoning can result in several diseases, including acrodynia (pink disease), Hunter-Russell syndrome, and Minamata disease.",
"title": "Metal toxicity"
},
{
"docid": "13434#0",
"text": "Hg is the chemical symbol of Mercury.",
"title": "Hg"
},
{
"docid": "18617142#29",
"text": "Unlike its lighter neighbors, cadmium and zinc, mercury usually forms simple stable compounds with metal-metal bonds. Most mercury(I) compounds are diamagnetic and feature the dimeric cation, Hg. Stable derivatives include the chloride and nitrate. Treatment of Hg(I) compounds complexation with strong ligands such as sulfide, cyanide, etc. induces disproportionation to and elemental mercury. Mercury(I) chloride, a colorless solid also known as calomel, is really the compound with the formula HgCl, with the connectivity Cl-Hg-Hg-Cl. It is a standard in electrochemistry. It reacts with chlorine to give mercuric chloride, which resists further oxidation. Mercury(I) hydride, a colorless gas, has the formula HgH, containing no Hg-Hg bond.",
"title": "Mercury (element)"
},
{
"docid": "11574844#1",
"text": "The crystal structure of mercurous sulfate is made up of Hg dumbbells and SO anions as main building units. Hg dumbbell is surrounded by four Oxygen atoms with Hg₋O distance ranging from 2.23 to 2.93 Å, whereas Hg-Hg distance is approximately 2.500Å.\nStudies have shown mercury(I) sulfate to have the mercury atoms arranged in doublets with a bond distance of 2.500Å. The metal atom doublets are oriented parallel to the an axis in a unit cell. Mercury doublets form part of infinite chain SO - Hg - Hg - SO - Hg - Hg - … The Hg - Hg - O bond angle is 165°±1 . The chain crosses the unit cell diagonally. The mercury sulfate structure is held together by weak Hg-O interactions. The SO does not act as a single anion, but rather coordinated to the mercury metal.",
"title": "Mercury(I) sulfate"
},
{
"docid": "1294851#0",
"text": "A millimetre of mercury is a manometric unit of pressure, formerly defined as the extra pressure generated by a column of mercury one millimetre high, and currently defined as exactly pascals. It is denoted by the symbol mmHg or mm Hg.",
"title": "Millimeter of mercury"
},
{
"docid": "5754945#9",
"text": "One may also note that the stable compound , recently synthesized, was found to consist of two-dimensional polymeric cations [–(S–)–Hg–Hg–(S–Hg–)–Hg– balanced by one-dimensional polymeric anions [––. In the cations, the sulfur atoms are trivalent, and the mercury atoms are divalent. In each unit, two of the mercury atoms form S–Hg–S bridges, while the other two form an S–Hg–Hg–S bridge.",
"title": "Mercury(I) sulfide"
}
] |
[
0.03150147572159767,
0.471435546875,
0.02939312346279621,
0.3110820949077606,
-0.012616670690476894,
0.11991647630929947,
0.769456148147583,
-0.26015999913215637,
-0.00728607177734375,
0.49447867274284363,
-0.21965819597244263,
0.07795929908752441,
-0.36807015538215637,
-0.17799495160579681,
-0.23220589756965637,
0.3563983738422394,
0.4041654169559479,
-0.15094992518424988,
-0.30615234375,
-0.15859383344650269,
0.017619792371988297,
0.6196664571762085,
0.17011672258377075,
0.44895583391189575,
0.0773509070277214,
0.23811222612857819,
-0.3013540506362915,
0.17454880475997925,
0.12217830121517181,
0.27139046788215637,
0.34254807233810425,
-0.2596341669559479,
-0.08161907643079758,
0.2805677652359009,
-0.34787222743034363,
0.2992318868637085,
0.2710430324077606,
-0.1401601880788803,
-0.14792339503765106,
-0.07763554155826569,
-0.3066781759262085,
0.2552865743637085,
0.1935800462961197,
-0.27622634172439575,
0.20443490147590637,
-0.15614083409309387,
0.06013664975762367,
0.03828606382012367,
-0.15318180620670319,
0.3414776027202606,
-0.17499718070030212,
0.3985360860824585,
0.10976116359233856,
0.07510434836149216,
-0.13791480660438538,
0.14665573835372925,
-0.17443378269672394,
0.7676156759262085,
0.759202241897583,
-0.09287210553884506,
0.25961539149284363,
0.21897536516189575,
-0.4796518087387085,
-0.03976176306605339,
-0.07541362941265106,
0.18139530718326569,
-0.06613599509000778,
0.48837515711784363,
0.6950495839118958,
0.4657451808452606,
0.136138916015625,
0.3699481785297394,
0.6923828125,
-0.052936259657144547,
-0.11743516474962234,
-0.223541259765625,
-0.33018141984939575,
-0.10049203783273697,
0.20045353472232819,
0.006465875077992678,
0.49708908796310425,
-0.07420114427804947,
-0.07720490545034409,
0.017666157335042953,
-0.18295052647590637,
0.6636117696762085,
0.17024700343608856,
0.2622164189815521,
-0.009189312346279621,
0.42856070399284363,
-0.3056640625,
0.1418069750070572,
0.2897479832172394,
-0.22011977434158325,
0.38949820399284363,
0.16363994777202606,
0.22796161472797394,
-0.6110464334487915,
0.1767812818288803,
-0.2466157078742981,
-0.17179518938064575,
-0.32167404890060425,
-0.27023079991340637,
0.1961669921875,
-0.07620943337678909,
-0.427490234375,
-0.1533578783273697,
0.0788726806640625,
0.059235792607069016,
0.40200570225715637,
0.3549053370952606,
-0.21377445757389069,
-0.28888410329818726,
0.09285192936658859,
0.32900765538215637,
-0.005969707854092121,
0.011155348271131516,
-0.1573110669851303,
-0.11679311841726303,
-0.6029146909713745,
0.2166748046875,
0.08776386082172394,
-0.23501351475715637,
-0.21574753522872925,
-0.057239238172769547,
-0.23122112452983856,
0.5631760954856873,
-0.18519474565982819,
0.674485445022583,
0.8675631284713745,
0.05174959450960159,
0.0022208874579519033,
0.48174577951431274,
0.621657133102417,
0.44169265031814575,
0.28371018171310425,
0.2579345703125,
-0.23916390538215637,
-0.5402456521987915,
-0.19694870710372925,
0.0550537109375,
0.1252315193414688,
0.12379103153944016,
0.44996994733810425,
-0.43239182233810425,
0.30376726388931274,
0.23749248683452606,
0.3633188009262085,
0.3687838017940521,
0.21681565046310425,
0.0785369873046875,
0.557786226272583,
0.08294560015201569,
0.1961904615163803,
-0.1682121604681015,
-0.09694553911685944,
0.9106069803237915,
0.20418666303157806,
-0.11664170771837234,
-0.2408822923898697,
0.8064528107643127,
0.47137922048568726,
0.02539546601474285,
-0.526198148727417,
0.028799204155802727,
-0.16937255859375,
0.08797924220561981,
0.2626577615737915,
0.610276460647583,
-0.15884868800640106,
-0.5252967476844788,
-0.14716045558452606,
0.49074143171310425,
-0.3858173191547394,
-0.07733036577701569,
-0.25491097569465637,
-0.44488996267318726,
0.05418337136507034,
0.05825072154402733,
-0.20765246450901031,
0.18421348929405212,
0.4905911982059479,
0.40219351649284363,
-0.38307541608810425,
0.5452975034713745,
0.3024808466434479,
0.21758094429969788,
-0.2808438837528229,
0.020827073603868484,
0.5924729704856873,
0.4414813816547394,
-0.0351104736328125,
0.3929443359375,
-0.04885394871234894,
-0.12246234714984894,
-0.02026073820888996,
0.03503652662038803,
0.5695613026618958,
-0.3852985203266144,
0.16767765581607819,
0.17021061480045319,
-0.08154179155826569,
-0.7371544241905212,
0.055124685168266296,
0.09566204249858856,
-0.5113760232925415,
0.1400146484375,
0.20376351475715637,
-0.10891488939523697,
-0.031215373426675797,
0.020509572699666023,
0.070460245013237,
0.3839862644672394,
-0.11668615788221359,
-0.17318961024284363,
0.11317326128482819,
-0.03800876438617706,
0.14304058253765106,
0.39300537109375,
0.016277607530355453,
-0.0858001708984375,
0.45361328125,
-0.22412109375,
0.42380934953689575,
-0.013056828640401363,
-0.5180476307868958,
-0.3258526027202606,
-0.1821969896554947,
0.15275691449642181,
0.2523662745952606,
0.5207144021987915,
0.12545540928840637,
-0.04678931459784508,
-0.60595703125,
0.026818202808499336,
0.43113356828689575,
0.35842660069465637,
-0.14417442679405212,
0.33562761545181274,
-0.31560808420181274,
0.31426531076431274,
-0.017035264521837234,
-0.10090989619493484,
-0.08505953103303909,
0.2564791142940521,
-0.1935812085866928,
0.15082843601703644,
0.420166015625,
-0.04363485425710678,
-0.28732535243034363,
-0.08516047894954681,
0.3494779169559479,
-0.045396070927381516,
0.45297476649284363,
0.006916339509189129,
0.01128900982439518,
0.31353288888931274,
0.2879638671875,
0.19054648280143738,
0.14347252249717712,
0.09841699153184891,
0.15439949929714203,
0.41357421875,
0.36346906423568726,
-0.2709280252456665,
0.19840651750564575,
-0.13146884739398956,
0.518385648727417,
0.2197265625,
0.17906776070594788,
0.3038400411605835,
0.20786696672439575,
-0.08227245509624481,
0.27354079484939575,
-0.12759634852409363,
0.37160080671310425,
0.015213892795145512,
-0.040942851454019547,
-0.2295297533273697,
0.1672821044921875,
0.231048583984375,
0.05654085427522659,
-0.02286764234304428,
-0.00805195514112711,
0.3704364597797394,
-0.1371612548828125,
-0.16182841360569,
0.3949819803237915,
-0.08988717943429947,
0.01277206465601921,
0.16765888035297394,
0.399169921875,
-0.07431191951036453,
-0.4749849736690521,
0.08406654000282288,
-0.3237210810184479,
0.25988298654556274,
-0.41648513078689575,
0.41860726475715637,
-0.09805532544851303,
0.6966646909713745,
-0.6335636973381042,
0.11117509752511978,
0.563720703125,
0.03972332179546356,
-0.45077750086784363,
-0.39755484461784363,
0.5908390879631042,
-0.015422527678310871,
0.5832707285881042,
0.506300687789917,
-0.21411602199077606,
-0.1838754564523697,
0.6622596383094788,
0.5602088570594788,
0.5714205503463745,
0.11185220628976822,
0.03427828103303909,
0.549241304397583,
-0.120361328125,
-0.017825786024332047,
-0.26321175694465637,
-0.2529766261577606,
-0.05945646017789841,
0.44138747453689575,
-0.16429725289344788,
-0.08493980765342712,
-0.3164907693862915,
0.4233867824077606,
0.036942701786756516,
0.34631818532943726,
0.10824937373399734,
-0.031182803213596344,
0.028764577582478523,
-0.18463604152202606,
0.11591280251741409,
0.2254403978586197,
0.9196589589118958,
0.06195361912250519,
-0.023246178403496742,
0.19791412353515625,
-0.047924041748046875,
-0.24139873683452606,
0.32431265711784363,
-0.35418701171875,
0.37890625,
0.02202312834560871,
-0.08496704697608948,
0.442138671875,
0.15265361964702606,
0.024537306278944016,
0.12528052926063538,
-0.2890531122684479,
-0.24870887398719788,
0.21262770891189575,
-0.026537088677287102,
0.2779541015625,
0.22864708304405212,
0.06763076782226562,
-0.2577373683452606,
0.26516488194465637,
0.43793195486068726,
0.43304914236068726,
-0.04755137488245964,
0.3089505732059479,
0.027869004756212234,
-0.2822359502315521,
0.2058950513601303,
-0.0315704345703125,
-0.24606558680534363,
0.15329448878765106,
-0.05015534535050392,
0.3410550653934479,
0.22334641218185425,
-0.27056413888931274,
-0.4116586446762085,
-0.17258864641189575,
0.39699143171310425,
0.4967134892940521,
0.14282695949077606,
0.37094351649284363,
0.487060546875,
0.4984224736690521,
0.06567969918251038,
-0.1514963060617447,
-0.18707039952278137,
-0.28097769618034363,
0.4787973165512085,
-0.08911250531673431,
-0.3499286472797394,
0.18462547659873962,
-0.23394306004047394,
-0.4342557489871979,
0.275564044713974,
-0.23488205671310425,
-0.2609393894672394,
-0.12956707179546356,
0.37481218576431274,
0.27785080671310425,
0.18075796961784363,
-0.13711430132389069,
0.19096492230892181,
0.41261643171310425,
0.06844447553157806,
4.258713722229004,
0.028846153989434242,
0.10914259403944016,
0.03623727709054947,
-0.14818866550922394,
0.23303692042827606,
0.32387131452560425,
0.2264028638601303,
0.21661376953125,
0.07269008457660675,
0.0006504058837890625,
0.08173780888319016,
-0.18815261125564575,
0.25231462717056274,
-0.06018770486116409,
0.19538761675357819,
0.22074303030967712,
0.35000374913215637,
0.08889946341514587,
0.31601187586784363,
-0.23395244777202606,
0.22225716710090637,
0.18086124956607819,
0.15691551566123962,
0.5059720277786255,
0.13820941746234894,
-0.15424053370952606,
0.25925856828689575,
0.5379544496536255,
-0.25872331857681274,
0.22709304094314575,
0.22758132219314575,
0.2040029615163803,
0.27183181047439575,
-0.6907677054405212,
0.3062368631362915,
0.5164512991905212,
0.2054067701101303,
-0.08792202174663544,
0.03919219970703125,
-0.19570687413215637,
-0.05538001284003258,
0.14293964207172394,
0.6234976053237915,
-0.02488473802804947,
-0.2060781568288803,
0.09649305790662766,
0.5386680960655212,
0.48439377546310425,
0.2644723653793335,
0.34738394618034363,
0.006441556382924318,
-0.48300406336784363,
-0.0011238685110583901,
0.24181190133094788,
0.5628756284713745,
0.22231820225715637,
0.5625938773155212,
0.11737764626741409,
0.06772437691688538,
-0.16561302542686462,
-0.03951791673898697,
-0.0214996337890625,
0.03376997262239456,
-0.5177847146987915,
0.07113999873399734,
0.35046452283859253,
-0.028102288022637367,
0.0830494835972786,
0.014133160002529621,
0.09141511470079422,
0.29477164149284363,
0.1412115842103958,
-0.412841796875,
0.3039644658565521,
0.11662263423204422,
-0.5461801290512085,
-0.09459920972585678,
-0.13371512293815613,
0.109893798828125,
0.22434528172016144,
-0.17402531206607819,
-0.3129507303237915,
0.47637468576431274,
0.121358722448349,
0.534592866897583,
-0.01648682728409767,
-0.4583646357059479,
0.24127666652202606,
-0.1444467455148697,
0.1321645826101303,
0.015142587944865227,
0.26918381452560425,
0.19024658203125,
0.41342398524284363,
0.12912926077842712,
0.30926042795181274,
-3.930588960647583,
0.07892315089702606,
0.08861131221055984,
-0.05176720395684242,
0.09941453486680984,
0.014682476408779621,
0.3123873174190521,
0.41745230555534363,
-0.19038742780685425,
-0.36089617013931274,
-0.3009408712387085,
0.34298941493034363,
-0.4579608738422394,
0.6381460428237915,
0.19031700491905212,
0.06026231497526169,
0.10902199149131775,
0.5911207795143127,
0.4054424464702606,
-0.2376708984375,
-0.13010230660438538,
-0.062193650752305984,
0.3593656122684479,
-0.1968536376953125,
-0.2915743291378021,
-0.09400352835655212,
0.10710848122835159,
-0.1678229123353958,
0.2861328125,
-0.5506873726844788,
-0.02643056958913803,
0.03908304125070572,
0.4745718240737915,
-0.26446533203125,
0.17458871006965637,
-0.07765726000070572,
0.33618634939193726,
0.06278081983327866,
0.13807560503482819,
0.24927696585655212,
0.18699763715267181,
0.10589122772216797,
0.24505145847797394,
0.045408982783555984,
-0.05396883189678192,
0.24724872410297394,
-0.1753774732351303,
0.21535491943359375,
-0.10630916059017181,
0.07699115574359894,
0.3345477879047394,
0.1586374193429947,
-0.19007521867752075,
0.2740994989871979,
0.347412109375,
0.21703551709651947,
0.033023834228515625,
0.2560283839702606,
-0.19258704781532288,
0.503248929977417,
0.3728402853012085,
-0.14850792288780212,
0.25205641984939575,
-0.5064791440963745,
0.4053109884262085,
0.4568997919559479,
0.06261033564805984,
0.39304763078689575,
-0.06172239035367966,
-0.5367619395256042,
0.3546518087387085,
0.10927053540945053,
0.36273664236068726,
0.21378737688064575,
0.19358943402767181,
0.3411020040512085,
0.20419076085090637,
-0.24598106741905212,
0.6170372366905212,
0.17604652047157288,
-0.09119474142789841,
-0.07451020926237106,
-0.4075833857059479,
0.30560773611068726,
2.319486141204834,
0.22445914149284363,
2.337289571762085,
0.24301029741764069,
0.004340538755059242,
0.4877554178237915,
0.0379389263689518,
0.166473388671875,
-0.0285186767578125,
0.023145455867052078,
0.3651592433452606,
-0.10548041760921478,
0.02050311677157879,
-0.07580423355102539,
-0.39495378732681274,
0.1824575513601303,
0.3444730341434479,
-0.897047758102417,
0.15992149710655212,
-0.27240312099456787,
0.0024543909821659327,
0.49147385358810425,
-0.18238243460655212,
0.38377028703689575,
0.012505164369940758,
-0.21152907609939575,
-0.10100379586219788,
0.05450234189629555,
0.3625957667827606,
-0.31376296281814575,
-0.051039475947618484,
0.13928692042827606,
0.3980806767940521,
0.15234580636024475,
0.36465218663215637,
0.28297775983810425,
-0.051346998661756516,
4.698918342590332,
0.006238644011318684,
0.05418689548969269,
-0.018620124086737633,
0.24126258492469788,
0.1949697583913803,
0.2860013544559479,
-0.3543607294559479,
-0.09294606000185013,
0.5723595023155212,
0.3238965570926666,
-0.3938363790512085,
-0.2835693359375,
-0.21751990914344788,
0.08237633109092712,
-0.27743765711784363,
-0.03348775953054428,
0.07655803859233856,
0.060482319444417953,
-0.37543195486068726,
-0.07346666604280472,
-0.06711167842149734,
0.251953125,
-0.028917862102389336,
0.2961895167827606,
-0.04001177102327347,
0.20626595616340637,
-0.28830984234809875,
-0.062496479600667953,
0.582275390625,
-0.19320443272590637,
5.405348777770996,
0.14573787152767181,
-0.13739013671875,
-0.20533165335655212,
0.2675977945327759,
0.23783992230892181,
-0.1774057298898697,
-0.06326763331890106,
0.002254486083984375,
-0.08260873705148697,
0.04929806664586067,
0.10779689252376556,
0.16626915335655212,
0.4763934910297394,
0.21196101605892181,
0.286529541015625,
-0.46535080671310425,
-0.07618673890829086,
0.20181392133235931,
-0.18451984226703644,
0.44980093836784363,
0.26293474435806274,
0.33505484461784363,
-0.1412588208913803,
-0.6242253184318542,
-0.27926871180534363,
0.02031238190829754,
0.013832679018378258,
-0.018115703016519547,
0.021497873589396477,
0.20884352922439575,
0.20594200491905212,
-0.5427433848381042,
0.44589468836784363,
-0.03464449197053909,
0.0720326378941536,
0.552490234375,
0.16376201808452606,
-0.10770460218191147,
0.14684589207172394,
0.23345477879047394,
0.35226675868034363,
-0.10866370797157288,
-0.07459669560194016,
-0.40127328038215637,
-0.17972037196159363,
-0.11533296853303909,
-0.10544762015342712,
0.06675954908132553,
-0.1422494798898697,
-0.10065460205078125,
0.06521709263324738,
0.8064528107643127,
-0.007310133893042803,
-0.4026254415512085,
0.4280536472797394,
-0.24413710832595825,
0.02241281419992447,
-0.14281287789344788,
-0.27102425694465637,
0.5157188773155212,
0.07238901406526566,
-0.1331261843442917,
0.48944562673568726,
0.48476937413215637,
0.5232121348381042,
0.2473215013742447,
0.03884300962090492,
0.7478215098381042,
-0.21634146571159363,
-0.07231037318706512,
0.27256423234939575,
-0.29371994733810425,
0.38377028703689575,
-0.05339255556464195,
-0.07472507655620575,
0.5809983611106873,
0.027904510498046875,
-0.30554670095443726,
-0.1786833554506302,
-0.13814133405685425,
-0.13605205714702606,
-0.6077975034713745,
0.11825092136859894,
-0.04950912296772003,
-0.06107389181852341,
-0.16822227835655212,
-0.26376578211784363,
0.4347393214702606,
0.027296213433146477,
0.24322979152202606,
0.10609201341867447,
0.00322723388671875,
0.33450081944465637,
-0.15110896527767181,
0.13306191563606262,
0.1658700853586197,
0.19932204484939575,
0.15411728620529175,
0.538649320602417,
-0.043853759765625,
0.03391016274690628,
0.28225943446159363,
0.011706902645528316,
0.2674185037612915,
0.13427264988422394,
0.024618955329060555,
-0.045013427734375,
0.25233811140060425,
-0.3003399074077606,
0.4543081521987915,
0.3915640115737915,
-0.10156513750553131,
0.014124209992587566,
-0.11760770529508591
] |
2145
|
Do clouds affect radio waves?
|
[
{
"docid": "229445#4",
"text": "The local terrain can also play a major role in limiting broadcast range. Mountain ranges block FM broadcasts, AM broadcasts, and TV broadcasts, and other signals in the VHF and especially UHF ranges, respectively. This terrain shielding occurs when the line of sight is blocked by something through which the radio waves cannot pass, particularly stone. At times this may be moot due to weather, such as when the tall cumulonimbus clouds of a squall line of thunderstorms reflect the signal over the top, like an extremely tall radio tower. Conversely, heavy rain may attenuate the range of even local stations. ATSC digital television is affected by wind and trees (even if not surrounding the transmitter or receiver locations), apparently related to its use of 8VSB modulation instead of COFDM.",
"title": "Broadcast range"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "705635#65",
"text": "In radio astronomy the air mass (which influences the optical path length) is not relevant. The lower layers of the atmosphere, modeled by the air mass, do not significantly impede radio waves, which are of much lower frequency than optical waves. Instead, some radio waves are affected by the ionosphere in the upper atmosphere. Newer aperture synthesis radio telescopes are especially affected by this as they “see” a much larger portion of the sky and thus the ionosphere. In fact, LOFAR needs to explicitly calibrate for these distorting effects (van der Tol and van der Veen 2007; de Vos, Gunst, and Nijboer 2009), but on the other hand can also study the ionosphere by instead measuring these distortions (Thidé 2007).",
"title": "Air mass (astronomy)"
},
{
"docid": "531385#6",
"text": "Both lee waves and the rotor may be indicated by specific wave cloud formations if there is sufficient moisture in the atmosphere, and sufficient vertical displacement to cool the air to the dew point. Waves may also form in dry air without cloud markers. Wave clouds do not move downwind as clouds usually do, but remain fixed in position relative to the obstruction that forms them.Lee waves provide a possibility for gliders to gain altitude or fly long distances when soaring. World record wave flight performances for speed, distance or altitude have been made in the lee of the Sierra Nevada, Alps, Patagonic Andes, and Southern Alps mountain ranges. The Perlan Project is working to demonstrate the viability of climbing above the tropopause in an unpowered glider using lee waves, making the transition into stratospheric standing waves. They did this for the first time on August 30, 2006 in Argentina, climbing to an altitude of . The Mountain Wave Project of the Organisation Scientifique et Technique du Vol à Voile focusses on analysis and classification of lee waves and associated rotors.",
"title": "Lee wave"
},
{
"docid": "206555#57",
"text": "Skywave modes of radio communication operate by bending (refracting) radio waves (electromagnetic radiation) through the Ionosphere. During the \"peaks\" of the solar cycle, the ionosphere becomes increasingly ionized by solar photons and cosmic rays. This affects the propagation of the radio wave in complex ways that can either facilitate or hinder communications. Forecasting of skywave modes is of considerable interest to commercial marine and aircraft communications, amateur radio operators and shortwave broadcasters. These users occupy frequencies within the High Frequency or 'HF' radio spectrum that are most affected by these solar and ionospheric variances. Changes in solar output affect the maximum usable frequency, a limit on the highest frequency usable for communications.",
"title": "Solar cycle"
},
{
"docid": "14979#1",
"text": "The chemical composition of interstellar clouds is determined by studying electromagnetic radiation or EM radiation that they emanate, and we receive – from radio waves through visible light, to gamma rays on the electromagnetic spectrum – that we receive from them. Large radio telescopes scan the intensity in the sky of particular frequencies of electromagnetic radiation which are characteristic of certain molecules' spectra. Some interstellar clouds are cold and tend to give out EM radiation of large wavelengths. A map of the abundance of these molecules can be made, enabling an understanding of the varying composition of the clouds. In hot clouds, there are often ions of many elements, whose spectra can be seen in visible and ultraviolet light.",
"title": "Interstellar cloud"
},
{
"docid": "5871160#11",
"text": "The vacuum chamber in an accelerator can be used as a waveguide for radio-frequency transmission. Transverse-electric waves can be propagated in the chamber. The electron cloud acts as a plasma and causes a density dependent phase shift in the RF. The phase shift can be measured as frequency sidebands which can then be converted back into a plasma density.",
"title": "Electron-cloud effect"
},
{
"docid": "48782005#4",
"text": "One of the most interesting problems is that of star formation. It is known that stars form out of the Interstellar Medium and that this mostly occurs in Giant Molecular Clouds such as the Rosette Nebula for example. It has been known for a long time that an interstellar cloud can collapse due to its self-gravity if it is large enough, but in the ordinary interstellar medium, this can only happen if the cloud has a mass of several thousand solar masses - much larger than that of any star. There must therefore be some process that fragments the cloud into smaller high density clouds whose masses are in the same range as that of stars. Self-gravity cannot do this, but it turns out that there are processes that do this if the magnetic pressure is much larger than the thermal pressure, as it is in Giant Molecular Clouds. These processes rely on the interaction of magnetohydrodynamic waves with a thermal instability. A magnetohydrodynamic wave in a medium in which the magnetic pressure is much larger than the thermal pressure can produce dense regions, but they cannot by themselves make the density high enough for self-gravity to act. However, the gas in star forming regions is heated by cosmic rays and is cooled by radiative processes. The net result is that gas in a thermal equilibrium state in which heating balances cooling can exist in three different phases at the same pressure: a warm phase with a low density, an unstable phase with intermediate density and a cold phase at low temperature. An increase in pressure, due to a supernova or a spiral density wave can flip the gas from the warm phase into the unstable phase and a Magnetohydrodynamic wave can then produce dense fragments in the cold phase whose self-gravity is strong enough for them to collapse to form stars .",
"title": "Astrophysical fluid dynamics"
},
{
"docid": "38785#27",
"text": "The mission revealed the composition and meteorological nature of Venus’ atmosphere. Data from the radio science experiment measured the extent to which radio waves passing through the atmosphere were refracted, which was used to calculate the density, pressure, and temperature of the atmosphere at any given altitude. Overall, atmospheric temperature is higher closer to the planet’s surface, but \"Mariner 10\" found four altitudes where the pattern was reversed, which could signify the presence of a layer of clouds. The inversions occurred at the 56, 61, 63, and 81 km levels, confirming previous observations made by the \"Mariner 5\" encounter. The ultraviolet spectrometers identified the chemical substances that comprise Venus’ atmosphere. The elevated concentration of atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere showed that the atmosphere is stratified into upper and lower layers that do not mix with each other; photographs of the upper and lower cloud layers corroborated this hypothesis. \"Mariner 10\"s ultraviolet photographs were an invaluable information source for studying the churning clouds of Venus’ atmosphere. The mission researchers believed the cloud features they photographed were located in the stratosphere and upper troposphere, created by condensation; they also concluded that the contrast between darker and lighter features was due to differences in the cloud’s absorptivity of UV light. The subsolar region was of particular interest: as the sun is straight overhead, it imparts more solar energy to this area than other part of the planet. Compared to the rest of the planet’s atmosphere, the subsolar region was highly active and irregular. \"Cells\" of air lifted by convection, each up to 500 km wide, were observed forming and dissipating within the span of a few hours; some had polygonal outlines.",
"title": "Mariner 10"
},
{
"docid": "189312#40",
"text": "CDR-mode cloud radars transmit a circularly polarized wave and receive co-polarized and cross-polarized components. The output polarimetric variable is the so-called circular depolarization ratio (CDR), and it is calculated as the ratio of cross-polarized power over the co-polarized power. In comparison with LDR, CDR is not affected by particles aligned in polarization plane, e.g. insects or ice crystals in electrified atmospheric conditions.",
"title": "Millimeter cloud radar"
},
{
"docid": "47491846#41",
"text": "Recent research at CERN's CLOUD facility examined links between cosmic rays and cloud condensation nuclei, demonstrating the effect of high-energy particulate radiation in nucleating aerosol particles that are precursors to cloud condensation nuclei. Kirby (CLOUD team leader) said, \"At the moment, it [the experiment] actually says nothing about a possible cosmic-ray effect on clouds and climate.\" After further investigation, the team concluded that \"variations in cosmic ray intensity do not appreciably affect climate through nucleation.\"",
"title": "Solar activity and climate"
}
] |
[
0.06448936462402344,
-0.07021141052246094,
-0.28357505798339844,
0.302642822265625,
0.17010879516601562,
0.15792083740234375,
0.64300537109375,
-0.2781982421875,
0.202178955078125,
0.04963493347167969,
-0.41623687744140625,
-0.07718038558959961,
-0.408355712890625,
0.21106719970703125,
-0.601959228515625,
0.12866592407226562,
0.461639404296875,
-0.1648387908935547,
-0.18640899658203125,
0.006222724914550781,
0.04471778869628906,
0.026935577392578125,
-0.12543010711669922,
0.0124969482421875,
0.3941650390625,
0.3146400451660156,
-0.2826080322265625,
0.09498023986816406,
0.15387535095214844,
0.12361907958984375,
0.336334228515625,
-0.11972808837890625,
0.230987548828125,
0.27585315704345703,
-0.006702423095703125,
0.346923828125,
0.2368316650390625,
-0.0012607574462890625,
0.23298025131225586,
0.42443084716796875,
-0.011271953582763672,
-0.05998396873474121,
0.011887550354003906,
0.07288551330566406,
-0.07123184204101562,
-0.034893035888671875,
0.388397216796875,
0.053455352783203125,
-0.37651824951171875,
0.17966461181640625,
-0.15518569946289062,
0.09151077270507812,
0.17363357543945312,
-0.10984325408935547,
0.19583511352539062,
0.547393798828125,
0.3790435791015625,
0.493896484375,
0.17598915100097656,
-0.03493499755859375,
0.18456268310546875,
0.065155029296875,
0.130706787109375,
-0.02557086944580078,
0.44549560546875,
0.114837646484375,
-0.13103103637695312,
0.1233062744140625,
0.22167587280273438,
0.4583740234375,
0.20660400390625,
0.46905517578125,
0.17169952392578125,
-0.166229248046875,
-0.045818328857421875,
0.10235786437988281,
0.425537109375,
0.14417266845703125,
0.105743408203125,
-0.3919677734375,
0.443450927734375,
-0.16446685791015625,
-0.3052825927734375,
0.3694305419921875,
-0.03165435791015625,
0.08808517456054688,
-0.374114990234375,
-0.059144020080566406,
0.2355499267578125,
0.2917327880859375,
-0.6678466796875,
0.440399169921875,
0.2862548828125,
-0.059731483459472656,
0.21417999267578125,
-0.10440635681152344,
0.3863525390625,
-0.2281036376953125,
0.1664276123046875,
-0.470062255859375,
-0.037021636962890625,
-0.2185211181640625,
-0.17747116088867188,
0.44699668884277344,
-0.051525115966796875,
-0.278564453125,
-0.322998046875,
-0.1009674072265625,
0.09066200256347656,
-0.004839777946472168,
-0.15997886657714844,
-0.34454345703125,
-0.246826171875,
-0.12973403930664062,
0.2972869873046875,
0.472137451171875,
0.043369293212890625,
-0.168212890625,
-0.2287769317626953,
-0.819091796875,
0.6168212890625,
0.33466339111328125,
-0.27752685546875,
0.04968833923339844,
-0.27783203125,
-0.2744636535644531,
0.48443603515625,
0.010350227355957031,
0.664398193359375,
0.527862548828125,
0.10434722900390625,
0.002002239227294922,
-0.18036651611328125,
0.519317626953125,
-0.17610931396484375,
0.588653564453125,
0.51544189453125,
0.028209686279296875,
-0.36126708984375,
-0.17969799041748047,
-0.189727783203125,
0.10943195223808289,
-0.0923318862915039,
0.754730224609375,
0.11915397644042969,
0.1973414421081543,
0.03502655029296875,
0.1650848388671875,
0.18447113037109375,
-0.14540863037109375,
0.283477783203125,
0.34637451171875,
-0.056182861328125,
0.12673568725585938,
-0.12229156494140625,
-0.072662353515625,
0.3153724670410156,
0.543487548828125,
0.052265167236328125,
0.2429046630859375,
0.7510986328125,
0.392425537109375,
-0.1110382080078125,
-0.22797012329101562,
-0.1816864013671875,
-0.18701171875,
-0.397216796875,
0.60589599609375,
0.43902587890625,
-0.54949951171875,
0.0452880859375,
0.220489501953125,
-0.026281356811523438,
-0.3263702392578125,
0.048858642578125,
0.379852294921875,
0.15164947509765625,
-0.07884979248046875,
0.0359954833984375,
0.18502235412597656,
-0.16302490234375,
0.2885894775390625,
-0.0006103515625,
0.1536102294921875,
0.72705078125,
-0.005494415760040283,
-0.001964569091796875,
0.7515869140625,
-0.2020425796508789,
0.0783843994140625,
0.2771148681640625,
0.24971771240234375,
0.71588134765625,
-0.16957855224609375,
-0.1363525390625,
-0.03348112106323242,
-0.45037841796875,
0.16205596923828125,
-0.2301006317138672,
0.250732421875,
-0.05282783508300781,
0.433624267578125,
-0.51824951171875,
-0.0244140625,
0.1936187744140625,
-0.39813995361328125,
0.15356063842773438,
0.16629791259765625,
-0.07490348815917969,
-0.11655330657958984,
0.17342376708984375,
0.10424232482910156,
0.522491455078125,
0.23578643798828125,
-0.24789047241210938,
0.2471466064453125,
0.16068649291992188,
0.008698463439941406,
0.316925048828125,
0.052734375,
-0.1444244384765625,
-0.010951995849609375,
-0.13372802734375,
0.30544281005859375,
0.17714691162109375,
0.2564849853515625,
-0.007924556732177734,
-0.4224853515625,
0.04683685302734375,
0.2872161865234375,
0.4277191162109375,
0.14954757690429688,
0.31536865234375,
-0.32781982421875,
0.3117218017578125,
0.503509521484375,
0.505340576171875,
0.1663970947265625,
-0.18297195434570312,
0.4073295593261719,
-0.0263824462890625,
-0.049849510192871094,
-0.24383544921875,
0.3501739501953125,
0.431610107421875,
-0.2921333312988281,
0.12744629383087158,
-0.23353195190429688,
-0.34637451171875,
-0.33356475830078125,
-0.06714487075805664,
-0.47430419921875,
-0.538116455078125,
0.28357696533203125,
-0.4126739501953125,
0.17369651794433594,
-0.038893699645996094,
0.556243896484375,
0.07077789306640625,
0.07234573364257812,
0.351531982421875,
0.3277740478515625,
0.426239013671875,
0.208038330078125,
-0.333648681640625,
0.052669525146484375,
-0.025961875915527344,
0.5689697265625,
0.24285507202148438,
0.54327392578125,
0.83990478515625,
-0.3840789794921875,
0.20528411865234375,
0.13354015350341797,
-0.2994842529296875,
-0.0117645263671875,
0.450286865234375,
0.15128326416015625,
-0.5535888671875,
0.86322021484375,
0.501190185546875,
-0.2101593017578125,
-0.3267364501953125,
0.401153564453125,
0.3618316650390625,
-0.12806129455566406,
-0.029911041259765625,
-0.2117919921875,
-0.17845916748046875,
0.21172523498535156,
0.474578857421875,
0.328216552734375,
0.22962665557861328,
-0.4393157958984375,
-0.5277099609375,
0.24590301513671875,
0.447784423828125,
0.281982421875,
0.456756591796875,
0.11849594116210938,
0.76739501953125,
-0.37890625,
0.27516937255859375,
0.51141357421875,
0.00390934944152832,
-0.249053955078125,
-0.10561370849609375,
-0.018627166748046875,
-0.0061588287353515625,
0.503875732421875,
-0.021242141723632812,
-0.506988525390625,
-0.33551025390625,
0.012821197509765625,
0.535186767578125,
0.4943084716796875,
0.029544830322265625,
0.12926483154296875,
0.70770263671875,
0.2219696044921875,
0.2631683349609375,
-0.19251251220703125,
-0.30804443359375,
0.090576171875,
0.09367752075195312,
-0.347076416015625,
0.17587661743164062,
-0.18561553955078125,
0.02829742431640625,
0.244537353515625,
0.3465423583984375,
0.28675079345703125,
-0.3668365478515625,
-0.552978515625,
-0.034178733825683594,
0.1732330322265625,
0.286376953125,
-0.18401718139648438,
0.25492095947265625,
-0.26801586151123047,
-0.04486083984375,
0.1515369415283203,
0.239105224609375,
0.389678955078125,
-0.2760772705078125,
-0.1832599639892578,
0.4930419921875,
0.014202117919921875,
0.3448486328125,
-0.219970703125,
0.18376541137695312,
0.15767288208007812,
0.16541290283203125,
-0.08124995231628418,
0.08453178405761719,
0.4314422607421875,
0.20216941833496094,
0.4083709716796875,
0.13348007202148438,
-0.2135772705078125,
0.08309364318847656,
0.33099365234375,
0.2647705078125,
-0.08597660064697266,
0.16957855224609375,
0.285736083984375,
-0.10938549041748047,
-0.546417236328125,
-0.268463134765625,
-0.16208648681640625,
0.018888473510742188,
0.2745361328125,
0.431884765625,
0.2618865966796875,
-0.4610595703125,
0.242034912109375,
0.27939605712890625,
0.4586181640625,
0.470306396484375,
0.517578125,
0.285186767578125,
0.579620361328125,
0.3767852783203125,
0.030303955078125,
0.20131683349609375,
-0.12874794006347656,
0.011874198913574219,
-0.11951065063476562,
0.18939971923828125,
0.013392210006713867,
0.7020263671875,
-0.046057701110839844,
0.07119178771972656,
0.03929710388183594,
0.08298367261886597,
-0.089935302734375,
-0.1097412109375,
0.6820068359375,
0.255096435546875,
0.14675140380859375,
0.1707763671875,
0.06775760650634766,
0.55401611328125,
0.60821533203125,
4.076416015625,
0.22650146484375,
0.23682403564453125,
-0.024740219116210938,
-0.22208213806152344,
0.134368896484375,
0.27545166015625,
-0.3580322265625,
0.0555419921875,
0.331207275390625,
-0.3021240234375,
0.19602203369140625,
-0.2799530029296875,
0.15014266967773438,
-0.10921096801757812,
0.1441192626953125,
0.4610595703125,
0.12492752075195312,
0.4403076171875,
0.16457366943359375,
-0.49981689453125,
0.74981689453125,
0.04545783996582031,
-0.614959716796875,
-0.008213043212890625,
-0.06568574905395508,
0.238861083984375,
-0.062408447265625,
0.48358154296875,
0.22844600677490234,
-0.2143096923828125,
-0.20137786865234375,
-0.04113578796386719,
0.10045623779296875,
-0.5193328857421875,
-0.0232696533203125,
0.456512451171875,
-0.17998695373535156,
-0.06644439697265625,
0.287261962890625,
-0.024692893028259277,
0.376434326171875,
0.18326187133789062,
0.22729873657226562,
-0.0011879205703735352,
0.03095388412475586,
0.316680908203125,
0.2734375,
0.27744293212890625,
0.2515869140625,
-0.0824575424194336,
-0.039447784423828125,
-0.217529296875,
-0.284576416015625,
0.276092529296875,
0.4334716796875,
0.35626220703125,
0.024145126342773438,
0.006801605224609375,
-0.18311309814453125,
-0.0267181396484375,
0.009788565337657928,
-0.384307861328125,
0.028577804565429688,
-0.1820831298828125,
0.033538818359375,
0.29878997802734375,
-0.09489774703979492,
0.28533935546875,
-0.4266090393066406,
0.08989906311035156,
0.2782745361328125,
-0.021921157836914062,
-0.0777435302734375,
-0.004859447479248047,
0.28313446044921875,
-0.40753173828125,
0.5228118896484375,
0.2742156982421875,
-0.18315887451171875,
0.293243408203125,
-0.26104736328125,
-0.14208984375,
0.03815650939941406,
-0.15629959106445312,
0.477447509765625,
0.1727123260498047,
-0.1861119270324707,
0.62408447265625,
0.047920942306518555,
0.444854736328125,
0.15533828735351562,
0.250946044921875,
0.3902435302734375,
-0.141326904296875,
0.3461456298828125,
-0.0045757293701171875,
-4.050048828125,
0.18719482421875,
0.16642045974731445,
-0.17763280868530273,
0.10466384887695312,
-0.1916351318359375,
-0.005088329315185547,
-0.2860260009765625,
-0.299774169921875,
0.53070068359375,
-0.18102264404296875,
0.393341064453125,
-0.1765899658203125,
0.3105430603027344,
0.25738525390625,
-0.047107696533203125,
0.2947673797607422,
0.05375957489013672,
0.3909912109375,
-0.19000244140625,
-0.026659011840820312,
0.66888427734375,
-0.02842891216278076,
-0.0046443939208984375,
-0.12502288818359375,
-0.007742881774902344,
-0.1815643310546875,
-0.09151458740234375,
0.21253204345703125,
0.1682891845703125,
-0.577880859375,
-0.41751861572265625,
0.542083740234375,
-0.3482818603515625,
0.09993577003479004,
0.665374755859375,
0.20676422119140625,
0.3278350830078125,
0.2843475341796875,
0.38995361328125,
0.2684478759765625,
0.24463653564453125,
0.3773956298828125,
0.10727310180664062,
-0.24933624267578125,
0.1810150146484375,
-0.06430387496948242,
0.2436676025390625,
-0.34222412109375,
0.05322265625,
-0.17217063903808594,
-0.2934093475341797,
0.19963836669921875,
0.0747213363647461,
0.2534332275390625,
0.04963970184326172,
-0.2606353759765625,
-0.090850830078125,
0.3180389404296875,
-0.00539398193359375,
0.026990890502929688,
0.30291748046875,
0.07515716552734375,
-0.055011749267578125,
0.1671600341796875,
-0.2150421142578125,
-0.053737640380859375,
0.07299041748046875,
-0.027713775634765625,
-0.2893047332763672,
-0.08550834655761719,
0.22865819931030273,
0.3584747314453125,
-0.2725677490234375,
0.3912506103515625,
0.49945068359375,
0.014103412628173828,
0.11205482482910156,
0.450653076171875,
0.1981358528137207,
-0.006070494651794434,
-0.3025245666503906,
-0.349639892578125,
0.423919677734375,
2.3896484375,
0.3476104736328125,
2.0908203125,
0.59967041015625,
-0.16162872314453125,
0.17469406127929688,
0.12479972839355469,
-0.0989847183227539,
-0.010511398315429688,
0.09354019165039062,
0.509735107421875,
0.1640625,
-0.14342498779296875,
0.08098554611206055,
0.24837493896484375,
-0.2353057861328125,
0.3048858642578125,
-0.76751708984375,
0.19393539428710938,
-0.04850149154663086,
0.329132080078125,
0.17610931396484375,
-0.14109158515930176,
0.147308349609375,
-0.3441929817199707,
-0.025338172912597656,
0.06458520889282227,
0.08653068542480469,
0.296966552734375,
-0.16718292236328125,
-0.6729736328125,
0.456024169921875,
0.1829071044921875,
0.11548995971679688,
-0.0563812255859375,
0.2527618408203125,
0.03878974914550781,
4.68408203125,
-0.1384735107421875,
-0.14191818237304688,
-0.02029728889465332,
-0.023477554321289062,
0.247100830078125,
0.326904296875,
0.016754150390625,
-0.08398818969726562,
0.019176483154296875,
0.023526430130004883,
0.28765869140625,
0.23163604736328125,
0.01787567138671875,
0.12175369262695312,
-0.0946502685546875,
0.18560791015625,
0.052062034606933594,
0.213287353515625,
0.15087509155273438,
0.360321044921875,
0.5989990234375,
0.459197998046875,
-0.13584613800048828,
0.1317291259765625,
0.28802490234375,
0.3220977783203125,
-0.08765411376953125,
-0.14208221435546875,
0.5595703125,
-0.02114725112915039,
5.484375,
-0.06444549560546875,
0.19519424438476562,
-0.2006378173828125,
0.009130001068115234,
0.41943359375,
-0.41748046875,
0.0257720947265625,
-0.25223541259765625,
0.021372318267822266,
-0.297760009765625,
-0.415191650390625,
-0.023146629333496094,
0.3079071044921875,
0.24237060546875,
-0.03942108154296875,
-0.1533527374267578,
-0.1048879623413086,
-0.07068252563476562,
-0.3760833740234375,
0.2626380920410156,
-0.0970916748046875,
0.278656005859375,
-0.2257080078125,
-0.206404447555542,
-0.507720947265625,
0.05504035949707031,
0.3493499755859375,
-0.09040069580078125,
0.067230224609375,
0.449432373046875,
-0.1979198455810547,
0.04675483703613281,
0.3059844970703125,
-0.03843212127685547,
-0.01882648468017578,
0.16620635986328125,
0.07708930969238281,
0.03860950469970703,
-0.139923095703125,
0.3474578857421875,
-0.1002960205078125,
-0.1483464241027832,
-0.15536880493164062,
-0.08794403076171875,
-0.21910858154296875,
-0.3377685546875,
0.2784271240234375,
-0.07742691040039062,
0.05486297607421875,
-0.11567878723144531,
0.3311004638671875,
0.96417236328125,
-0.05452919006347656,
0.716064453125,
0.45379638671875,
0.2254638671875,
-0.2592315673828125,
-0.1798563003540039,
-0.10056495666503906,
-0.03753542900085449,
0.07078933715820312,
0.3128509521484375,
0.542236328125,
0.10497283935546875,
0.2495269775390625,
0.17555999755859375,
-0.20513916015625,
0.42755126953125,
-0.2047882080078125,
-0.05690407752990723,
-0.388885498046875,
0.12321114540100098,
-0.03781318664550781,
-0.32157087326049805,
0.5567626953125,
0.03585624694824219,
0.208892822265625,
0.2678680419921875,
-0.0167236328125,
-0.20684814453125,
-0.09148406982421875,
-0.03790760040283203,
-0.03886985778808594,
0.12061691284179688,
-0.28790283203125,
-0.2778778076171875,
0.358001708984375,
0.16859817504882812,
0.1194000244140625,
0.09389686584472656,
0.23004150390625,
-0.061248779296875,
0.35726165771484375,
-0.028941988945007324,
0.10143589973449707,
0.650054931640625,
0.76513671875,
-0.09297037124633789,
0.341583251953125,
0.01076507568359375,
0.2299041748046875,
0.396392822265625,
-0.03194236755371094,
0.17306137084960938,
-0.09158706665039062,
0.21460342407226562,
-0.10476303100585938,
-0.12772369384765625,
0.34521484375,
0.387603759765625,
0.380859375,
0.03349018096923828,
0.16980743408203125,
-0.09885406494140625
] |
2146
|
When did the Portuguese language develop?
|
[
{
"docid": "1394882#0",
"text": "The Portuguese language developed in the Western Iberian Peninsula from Latin spoken by Roman soldiers and colonists starting in the 3rd century BC. Old Portuguese, also known as Galician-Portuguese, began to diverge from other Romance languages after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Germanic invasions, also known as barbarian invasions in the 5th century and started appearing in written documents around the 9th century. By the 13th century, Galician-Portuguese had become a mature language with its own literature and began to split into two languages. However, the debate of whether Galician and Portuguese are nowadays varieties of the same language, much like American English or British English, is still present. In all aspects—phonology, morphology, lexicon and syntax—Portuguese is essentially the result of an organic evolution of Vulgar Latin with some influences from other languages, namely the native Gallaecian and Lusitanian languages spoken prior to the Roman domination.",
"title": "History of Portuguese"
},
{
"docid": "1234492#4",
"text": "Portuguese is spoken as a first language in Portugal by nearly all of the nation's 10.6 million people. The ancestor of modern Portuguese, Galician-Portuguese, began developing in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in an area encompassing present-day northern-Portugal and Galicia, at around the 9th century. Modern Portuguese started developing in the early 16th century.",
"title": "List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language"
},
{
"docid": "586956#11",
"text": "King Dinis of Portugal, who also contributed (with 137 extant texts, more than any other author) to the secular poetic genres, made the language official in Portugal in 1290. Until then, Latin had been the official (written) language for royal documents; the spoken language did not have a name and was simply known as \"lingua vulgar\" (\"ordinary language\", that is Vulgar Latin) until it was named \"Portuguese\" in King Dinis' reign. \"Galician-Portuguese\" and \"português arcaico\" (\"Old Portuguese\") are modern terms for the common ancestor of modern Portuguese and modern Galician. Compared to the differences in Ancient Greek dialects, the alleged differences between 13th-century Portuguese and Galician are trivial.",
"title": "Galician-Portuguese"
},
{
"docid": "1394882#9",
"text": "\"Modern Portuguese\" developed from the early 16th century to the present. During the Renaissance, scholars and writers borrowed many words from classical Latin (learned words borrowed from Latin also came from Renaissance Latin) and ancient Greek, which increased the complexity of the Portuguese lexicon. Most literate Portuguese speakers were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing—and eventually speech—in Portuguese. As with most European vernacular languages, the standardization of the Portuguese language was propelled by the development of the printing press. In 1536 Fernão de Oliveira published his \"Grammatica da lingoagem portuguesa\" in Lisbon, the first Portuguese grammar. The work of this heterodox Dominican priest, philologist and mariner was soon followed. In 1540, João de Barros crown officer published his \"Gramática da Língua Portuguesa\" along with moral dialogues and basics of the Catholic Church to help teaching young aristocrats. This second work, illustrated with woodcuts, is considered the world's first printed illustrated text book.",
"title": "History of Portuguese"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1234492#22",
"text": "Due to the one country, two systems policy of China regarding its special administrative regions, Macau is able to retain Portuguese as an official language alongside Cantonese. Portuguese was first introduced to Macau when Portuguese traders established a permanent settlement there in 1537. Despite being a Portuguese colony for over four centuries, the Portuguese language was never widely spoken in Macau and remained limited to administration and higher education and was spoken primarily by the Portuguese colonists, Macanese people of mixed ancestry, and elites and middle-class people of pure Chinese blood. As a consequence, when Macau was handed back to China in 1999, Portuguese did not have a strong presence like English had in Hong Kong and continued its decline which began when Portuguese rule was still occurring. It was only after Portuguese rule ended when the Portuguese language in Macau began to see an increase in speakers due to China's increased trading relations with Lusophone countries. There has been an increase in the teaching of Portuguese owing to the growing trade links between China and lusophone nations such as Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, and East Timor, with 5,000 students learning the language. Today, about 3% of Macau's population speaks Portuguese as a first language and 7% of the population professes fluency. A Portuguese creole called Macanese (Patuá) was spoken by Macanese of mixed ancestry but is near extinction today.",
"title": "List of territorial entities where Portuguese is an official language"
},
{
"docid": "34299438#4",
"text": "Kasten's interest in Portuguese began in the early 1930s, during a research trip to Europe, when he spent several months in Portugal studying the language. After his return to Wisconsin, he promoted the expansion of Portuguese studies there, and eventually helped to develop a doctoral program in the language which \"produced the first major wave of Portuguese professors for American universities\". In addition—in collaboration with others—he was instrumental in the founding and editing of the \"Luso-Brazilian Review\", a scholarly journal for Portuguese studies.",
"title": "Lloyd Kasten"
},
{
"docid": "11242061#3",
"text": "Hugo Schuchardt (1842–1927) was the first scholar to investigate the Lingua Franca systematically. According to the monogenetic theory of the origin of pidgins he developed, Lingua Franca was known by Mediterranean sailors including the Portuguese. When Portuguese started exploring the seas of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania, they tried to communicate with the natives by mixing a Portuguese-influenced version of Lingua Franca with the local languages. When English or French ships came to compete with the Portuguese, the crews tried to learn this \"broken Portuguese\". Through a process of relexification, the Lingua Franca and Portuguese lexicon was substituted by the languages of the peoples in contact.",
"title": "Mediterranean Lingua Franca"
},
{
"docid": "1394882#7",
"text": "Portugal was formally recognized as an independent kingdom in 1143 by the Kingdom of León, into which Galicia was incorporated at the time, with Afonso Henriques as its first king. In 1290, King Diniz created the first Portuguese University in Lisbon (the \"Estudo Geral\") and decreed that the language of the Portuguese, then simply called the \"Vulgar language\" (i.e. Vulgar Latin) should be used in preference to Latin and known as the \"Portuguese language\". In 1296, Portuguese was adopted by the Royal Chancellary and was used not only in poetry but also when writing law and in notaries. In the first period of \"Old Portuguese\" (from 12th to the 14th century), the language came gradually to be used in official documents. With the political separation of the County of Portugal from Galicia, Galician-Portuguese lost its unity and slowly became two increasingly distinct languages. This growing difference accelerated when Galicia became part of Castile and Galician was increasingly influenced by Castilian. Meanwhile, the southern variant of Galician-Portuguese became the modern Portuguese language within the Kingdom of Portugal and its empire.",
"title": "History of Portuguese"
},
{
"docid": "31030456#53",
"text": "Portuguese served as lingua franca in the Portuguese Empire, Africa, South America and Asia in the 15th and 16th centuries. When the Portuguese started exploring the seas of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania, they tried to communicate with the natives by mixing a Portuguese-influenced version of lingua franca with the local languages. When English or French ships came to compete with the Portuguese, the crews tried to learn this \"broken Portuguese\". Through a process of change the lingua franca and Portuguese lexicon was replaced with the languages of the people in contact.",
"title": "List of lingua francas"
},
{
"docid": "639342#8",
"text": "The development of Portuguese in Brazil (and consequently in the rest of the areas where Portuguese is spoken) has been influenced by other languages with which it has come into contact, mainly in the lexicon: first the Amerindian languages of the original inhabitants, then the various African languages spoken by the slaves, and finally those of later European and Asian immigrants. Although the vocabulary is still predominantly Portuguese, the influence of other languages is evident in the Brazilian lexicon, which today includes, for example, hundreds of words of Tupi–Guarani origin referring to local flora and fauna; numerous West African Yoruba words related to foods, religious concepts, and musical expressions; and English terms from the fields of modern technology and commerce. Although some of these words are more predominant in Brazil, they are also used in Portugal and other countries where Portuguese is spoken.",
"title": "Brazilian Portuguese"
}
] |
[
0.1639692485332489,
0.5180121660232544,
-0.4428168535232544,
0.1838921457529068,
-0.05375141650438309,
-0.1286587119102478,
0.6541340947151184,
-0.3286268413066864,
0.0850125402212143,
0.5550130009651184,
-0.5362141728401184,
-0.1896837055683136,
-0.2002088725566864,
-0.1061333566904068,
-0.6534830927848816,
-0.2584228515625,
0.393798828125,
-0.2220374196767807,
-0.0385470911860466,
0.1827290803194046,
0.2041558176279068,
0.6471896767616272,
0.0618320032954216,
0.1771647185087204,
-0.1667650043964386,
0.2402886301279068,
-0.0684746652841568,
0.08289507031440735,
0.0494961217045784,
0.5220268964767456,
0.4404568076133728,
-0.1739230751991272,
-0.4124077558517456,
0.5046657919883728,
-0.2623308002948761,
0.2464531809091568,
0.2602267861366272,
0.0325724296271801,
0.3797336220741272,
0.4349772036075592,
0.00992668978869915,
0.0026414659805595875,
0.5847981572151184,
-0.01787312887609005,
0.0072267320938408375,
-0.37158203125,
0.1457180380821228,
-0.1765781044960022,
0.3909912109375,
0.1728854775428772,
-0.09624841809272766,
-0.40869140625,
-0.2078721821308136,
0.1983879953622818,
-0.33544921875,
0.4382053017616272,
-0.05793020501732826,
0.6294216513633728,
0.17908138036727905,
0.2083977609872818,
0.056115467101335526,
0.10834089666604996,
-0.4126247763633728,
-0.002140468917787075,
0.10292773693799973,
0.2647637128829956,
0.3108995258808136,
0.4488660991191864,
-0.12466854602098465,
0.3438313901424408,
0.0299233328551054,
0.5452744960784912,
0.6368815302848816,
0.322509765625,
0.0540347620844841,
0.02236260287463665,
-0.3516642153263092,
0.7658962607383728,
0.1637166291475296,
0.0013563367538154125,
0.1693115234375,
-0.4874945878982544,
0.09383583068847656,
0.2987331748008728,
-0.3935275673866272,
0.4924587607383728,
0.01202392578125,
0.4168565571308136,
0.0551316998898983,
0.6410048007965088,
-0.1762830913066864,
-0.1169857457280159,
0.05684153363108635,
-0.2078586220741272,
0.2724202573299408,
0.1175960972905159,
0.3298204243183136,
-0.4494357705116272,
-0.09744347631931305,
-0.3741048276424408,
0.017271889373660088,
-0.2963595986366272,
-0.2292344868183136,
0.2343512624502182,
0.043357424437999725,
-0.3516438901424408,
-0.1407402902841568,
0.1449313759803772,
-0.1277533620595932,
0.4407009482383728,
0.3434244692325592,
-0.16553793847560883,
-0.0617607980966568,
-0.5594346523284912,
0.167755126953125,
0.1266564279794693,
0.1239793598651886,
0.0689188614487648,
-0.017746713012456894,
-0.4909396767616272,
0.5469292402267456,
0.3590087890625,
-0.3292371928691864,
0.1137491837143898,
-0.020148171111941338,
-0.2870279848575592,
0.6563856601715088,
0.0802290141582489,
0.4301215410232544,
0.4880099892616272,
0.12321726232767105,
0.1969791054725647,
0.4601508378982544,
0.4181857705116272,
0.1297031044960022,
0.1219380721449852,
0.1456366628408432,
-0.0988193079829216,
-0.7018771767616272,
-0.202789306640625,
-0.0717875137925148,
-0.2649061381816864,
0.3164469301700592,
1.1657443046569824,
-0.1856825053691864,
0.3181694746017456,
0.1919216513633728,
0.4242892861366272,
0.02108171209692955,
0.1101277694106102,
0.15880638360977173,
-0.1494988352060318,
-0.2674899697303772,
0.3391384482383728,
0.09565867483615875,
0.2464887797832489,
0.3681233823299408,
0.06460995227098465,
-0.3827175498008728,
0.2354939728975296,
0.7749837040901184,
0.32177734375,
-0.02652909979224205,
0.0450558140873909,
-0.0774315744638443,
0.1451687216758728,
-0.1358405202627182,
0.2961968183517456,
0.5279405117034912,
-0.0033967760391533375,
-0.1837293803691864,
-0.1468658447265625,
0.5449489951133728,
0.1413811594247818,
0.26904296875,
-0.0337371826171875,
-0.11627197265625,
-0.0216081403195858,
0.3778754472732544,
0.3272569477558136,
0.2785508930683136,
0.04854244738817215,
-0.4977484941482544,
0.1931559294462204,
0.3090549111366272,
0.1560940146446228,
0.3587646484375,
-0.3947211503982544,
0.018052419647574425,
0.01932440884411335,
0.2039014995098114,
0.2058444619178772,
0.8260090947151184,
-0.6934950351715088,
-0.05312580615282059,
-0.0665639266371727,
-0.2395833283662796,
0.2972615659236908,
0.3138156533241272,
0.2010074257850647,
-0.2782304584980011,
0.2168375700712204,
-0.2216389924287796,
0.2396782785654068,
0.06192080304026604,
-0.4320475161075592,
-0.03631591796875,
0.5866428017616272,
-0.3154703676700592,
-0.2154964804649353,
-0.1070929616689682,
0.051538627594709396,
0.2314385324716568,
0.2860921323299408,
-0.02346155419945717,
0.2264675498008728,
0.1382242888212204,
0.0190904401242733,
0.4813096821308136,
-0.007266574539244175,
-0.3476291298866272,
0.3224962055683136,
-0.3599446713924408,
0.0597127266228199,
0.0873735249042511,
0.1049821674823761,
-0.5330403447151184,
-0.1096462681889534,
0.01805316098034382,
0.3991428017616272,
0.027907265350222588,
0.02793036587536335,
0.0051735769957304,
-0.3652072548866272,
0.2273627370595932,
-0.03714413195848465,
0.3871799111366272,
0.011560652405023575,
0.3070746660232544,
-0.007495456375181675,
0.44091796875,
0.2287801057100296,
-0.3046196699142456,
-0.3418375551700592,
0.3347439169883728,
-0.4261067807674408,
0.1325121968984604,
0.2413126677274704,
0.0070215859450399876,
0.0982733815908432,
-0.0939314067363739,
-0.08174896240234375,
0.2271915078163147,
0.4118109941482544,
-0.4166666567325592,
0.01397026889026165,
0.2464464008808136,
-0.1944715678691864,
-0.086822509765625,
-0.1201205775141716,
0.4378797709941864,
0.0409800224006176,
0.4728461503982544,
0.4059244692325592,
-0.4827474057674408,
0.0603976771235466,
0.2223103791475296,
0.5138346552848816,
0.02380795031785965,
-0.0172551479190588,
0.03962559252977371,
-0.1509874165058136,
0.0182613804936409,
0.5159505009651184,
-0.0995330810546875,
-0.0639004185795784,
0.061192408204078674,
0.2902357280254364,
-0.2811279296875,
0.1526387482881546,
0.1791754812002182,
0.09710693359375,
0.2992621660232544,
0.0752326101064682,
0.3739963173866272,
0.4368082582950592,
-0.1598239541053772,
-0.47509765625,
-0.1763848215341568,
-0.0766143798828125,
0.1480594277381897,
0.4264594316482544,
0.1571519672870636,
-0.1701439768075943,
0.4257948100566864,
-0.0831943079829216,
0.1160651296377182,
-0.2344835102558136,
0.029530419036746025,
-0.0673336461186409,
0.6614040732383728,
-0.3855794370174408,
0.3225640058517456,
0.5911458134651184,
0.076507568359375,
-0.2911241352558136,
-0.39678955078125,
0.1283908486366272,
0.2516547441482544,
0.2130177766084671,
0.4728190004825592,
-0.3722262978553772,
0.06511179357767105,
0.3694390058517456,
0.2001410573720932,
0.7465277910232544,
-0.1263139545917511,
-0.09998321533203125,
-0.0559251569211483,
-0.05265913903713226,
-0.1224077045917511,
-0.007626003585755825,
-0.1959364116191864,
-0.0165523961186409,
0.4608832597732544,
-0.3752475380897522,
0.6502821445465088,
-0.40283203125,
0.3805745542049408,
0.059968311339616776,
0.2672322690486908,
0.4249131977558136,
-0.1935289204120636,
-0.2634548544883728,
0.1317206472158432,
0.2261555939912796,
0.0004626380105037242,
0.0169406458735466,
-0.1824883371591568,
-0.1038445383310318,
0.016294904053211212,
-0.1142713725566864,
0.057694751769304276,
0.08172877877950668,
0.02825927734375,
0.15173107385635376,
-0.3685573935508728,
0.1035325825214386,
0.4163953959941864,
0.022856764495372772,
0.1573859304189682,
0.0972696915268898,
-0.3026631772518158,
0.1751437783241272,
0.1215345561504364,
0.3717176616191864,
0.3511556088924408,
0.4180501401424408,
0.5382758378982544,
-0.25927734375,
0.1512112021446228,
0.2805989682674408,
0.4921061098575592,
0.03110536001622677,
0.5332844853401184,
0.1318834125995636,
-0.1218160018324852,
-0.3495686948299408,
0.2078654021024704,
0.2855902910232544,
0.4369574785232544,
-0.1793619841337204,
0.2593858540058136,
-0.02022721990942955,
-0.4583333432674408,
0.1232181116938591,
-0.2098931223154068,
0.1289401650428772,
0.4216850996017456,
0.08793936669826508,
0.2842475175857544,
0.4565700888633728,
-0.027337180450558662,
-0.029279496520757675,
-0.3716159462928772,
-0.3414442241191864,
0.019425710663199425,
-0.0543789342045784,
-0.37646484375,
-0.2218424528837204,
0.3160942792892456,
0.0057627358473837376,
-0.1604139506816864,
0.06905344128608704,
-0.1149681955575943,
-0.00948248989880085,
0.2221272736787796,
0.3844265341758728,
0.2349039763212204,
0.0784725621342659,
-0.0065333046950399876,
0.57373046875,
0.6378852128982544,
0.2138536274433136,
4.287760257720947,
0.2855631411075592,
0.08521440625190735,
-0.3928493857383728,
-0.2271050363779068,
-0.1461825966835022,
0.645263671875,
-0.1341179758310318,
0.1342061311006546,
-0.0264129638671875,
0.2184516042470932,
0.1614515483379364,
0.0454372838139534,
0.3777804970741272,
-0.08649105578660965,
0.4405653178691864,
0.4966091513633728,
0.2266913503408432,
-0.1251390278339386,
0.05834897235035896,
-0.2214898020029068,
0.2062784880399704,
0.3625759482383728,
0.5588921308517456,
0.5913628339767456,
0.0803561732172966,
0.2912868857383728,
-0.0396711565554142,
0.4388292133808136,
0.3418511152267456,
0.3494194746017456,
-0.08137406408786774,
0.29205322265625,
0.2793511152267456,
-0.723388671875,
0.2407938688993454,
0.3929850161075592,
0.5122477412223816,
0.2824571430683136,
0.1397772878408432,
-0.09571584314107895,
0.07693057507276535,
0.11729637533426285,
0.5032823085784912,
0.1718173623085022,
-0.0901217982172966,
-0.2480604350566864,
0.5065375566482544,
0.1453009694814682,
0.3133833110332489,
0.4274631142616272,
-0.06128523126244545,
-0.18988037109375,
-0.1046702042222023,
0.1198628768324852,
0.4307861328125,
0.2222527414560318,
0.3420003354549408,
0.06781090795993805,
-0.3266465961933136,
-0.2714301347732544,
-0.0838945209980011,
0.1368204802274704,
-0.10326829552650452,
-0.1844618022441864,
0.3294270932674408,
0.2156236469745636,
0.4158664345741272,
0.54248046875,
0.2358127236366272,
0.1918775737285614,
0.3230251669883728,
0.5362684726715088,
-0.009613560512661934,
0.0378146693110466,
0.2923177182674408,
-0.1497158408164978,
0.0509033203125,
0.2691243588924408,
-0.1031528040766716,
-0.18464215099811554,
-0.3675401508808136,
0.0579579658806324,
0.1052788645029068,
-0.0369843915104866,
0.517578125,
-0.0475735142827034,
-0.6780056357383728,
0.4134657084941864,
-0.0732608363032341,
0.30615234375,
-0.1976521760225296,
0.2945963442325592,
-0.3671061098575592,
0.8775498867034912,
0.0445844866335392,
0.09408484399318695,
-3.977430582046509,
0.4028591513633728,
0.1645948588848114,
-0.13235896825790405,
0.1033189594745636,
-0.0349358469247818,
0.2300821989774704,
0.1217498779296875,
-0.11115603893995285,
-0.182769775390625,
-0.3688558042049408,
0.021797921508550644,
-0.280029296875,
0.2019517719745636,
0.1429646760225296,
-0.1732448935508728,
0.2250925749540329,
0.3374565839767456,
0.2515055239200592,
-0.12463336437940598,
-0.0542280413210392,
0.3594835102558136,
0.416015625,
-0.3864797055721283,
-0.001434326171875,
-0.17017661035060883,
0.1199747696518898,
-0.0962337926030159,
0.4326850175857544,
0.010013209655880928,
0.06421194970607758,
0.42041015625,
0.4478895366191864,
-0.117034912109375,
0.3694390058517456,
0.6231282353401184,
-0.0758717879652977,
-0.05185932666063309,
0.4433322548866272,
0.1744520366191864,
0.03412110358476639,
-0.014713287353515625,
0.1304355263710022,
0.2052408903837204,
-0.03763299435377121,
0.1061604842543602,
-0.2085367888212204,
-0.15129004418849945,
-0.2722201943397522,
-0.1003824844956398,
0.2526313066482544,
0.3550347089767456,
-0.2149251252412796,
0.2700330913066864,
0.3661566972732544,
0.2815348207950592,
-0.2740342915058136,
0.1952785849571228,
0.3124050498008728,
0.1642693430185318,
-0.11052470654249191,
-0.3454725444316864,
0.3217095136642456,
0.1877085417509079,
-0.07662328332662582,
0.1325039267539978,
-0.07393646240234375,
0.4239637553691864,
0.35302734375,
-0.5433078408241272,
0.4584147036075592,
0.0869072824716568,
0.2686767578125,
0.1111331507563591,
0.22173649072647095,
0.5338813066482544,
-0.1068522110581398,
-0.3616265058517456,
0.3628065288066864,
-0.1728617399930954,
0.1013590469956398,
-0.2878553569316864,
-0.2927110493183136,
0.2024637907743454,
2.205078125,
0.09241443127393723,
2.0501301288604736,
0.2072889506816864,
-0.057120852172374725,
0.3275282084941864,
-0.026358285918831825,
-0.08524322509765625,
-0.0548197440803051,
-0.0335659459233284,
-0.1429239958524704,
0.15328724682331085,
0.1340484619140625,
0.1563464254140854,
0.0021116468124091625,
0.02697329968214035,
0.1414930522441864,
-0.790283203125,
0.0361751988530159,
-0.3125271201133728,
0.1044074147939682,
0.0596177838742733,
-0.1482340544462204,
0.0368240661919117,
0.5313313603401184,
-0.0753699392080307,
-0.0390438511967659,
0.2230767160654068,
0.2426011860370636,
-0.5036892294883728,
-0.19578467309474945,
0.1591661274433136,
0.3861897885799408,
-0.1440294086933136,
0.0727810338139534,
0.1246558278799057,
-0.1487833708524704,
4.700520992279053,
0.1518995463848114,
-0.2382541298866272,
-0.1468234658241272,
0.3860948383808136,
0.2149115651845932,
0.4127604067325592,
-0.0008680555620230734,
0.0066392687149345875,
0.11378627270460129,
0.3756510317325592,
-0.06303829699754715,
-0.1975165456533432,
-0.0500454381108284,
0.2075330913066864,
0.2459818571805954,
-0.09104665368795395,
0.0052515664137899876,
-0.1762474924325943,
0.2152099609375,
0.1355794221162796,
0.1613820344209671,
-0.0162828229367733,
-0.043021731078624725,
0.226409912109375,
-0.1325804442167282,
0.489990234375,
0.0869683176279068,
0.07268015295267105,
0.1949937641620636,
0.11077117919921875,
5.478298664093018,
-0.06561194360256195,
0.2620849609375,
-0.2915988564491272,
-0.1453993022441864,
0.1211615651845932,
-0.1673787385225296,
0.14018334448337555,
-0.4548068642616272,
-0.08894602209329605,
-0.3878852128982544,
0.0752275288105011,
-0.1798977255821228,
0.2366672158241272,
0.09991455078125,
0.1758185476064682,
-0.2735188901424408,
-0.2062513530254364,
0.6874186396598816,
-0.127899169921875,
0.2146674245595932,
0.0138075090944767,
0.3458930253982544,
-0.55712890625,
-0.4503580629825592,
0.10454601794481277,
-0.1768527626991272,
0.4844563901424408,
0.2296549528837204,
-0.2870686948299408,
0.3870714008808136,
0.2390950471162796,
-0.01934136264026165,
0.1688707172870636,
-0.3337537944316864,
0.08931562304496765,
0.07099490612745285,
-0.02184380404651165,
0.3750542402267456,
-0.0865529403090477,
0.1911688894033432,
0.5401747226715088,
-0.0345119908452034,
-0.0858154296875,
-0.0213182233273983,
0.1547105610370636,
0.01760101318359375,
-0.1561143696308136,
0.016340043395757675,
-0.3527967631816864,
0.0184970423579216,
0.07281494140625,
0.41937255859375,
-0.0572068952023983,
-7.152557373046875e-7,
0.1258917897939682,
-0.06801456958055496,
0.3135172426700592,
0.2437608540058136,
-0.311767578125,
0.4720594584941864,
-0.0865715891122818,
-0.1172112375497818,
0.3776177167892456,
0.4137641191482544,
0.25497859716415405,
-0.10641098022460938,
-0.057009801268577576,
0.5434299111366272,
-0.21142578125,
0.0269656702876091,
0.2993604838848114,
-0.07977294921875,
0.6101887822151184,
0.1814439594745636,
-0.01761372946202755,
0.1996256560087204,
-0.2249484658241272,
0.08887206017971039,
0.2714775800704956,
-0.1255662739276886,
-0.2795952558517456,
-0.2631089985370636,
0.5664604902267456,
-0.1727430522441864,
0.1268378347158432,
-0.0292638149112463,
-0.2063259482383728,
0.1456773579120636,
0.056275684386491776,
0.2642822265625,
-0.2209608256816864,
-0.393310546875,
0.0955946147441864,
0.15326520800590515,
0.2313503623008728,
0.3074001669883728,
0.1153140589594841,
0.01708984375,
0.16000281274318695,
-0.5025227665901184,
0.2459716796875,
0.0956411361694336,
0.04024389013648033,
0.3531087338924408,
-0.3275960385799408,
0.1021965891122818,
-0.0558505579829216,
0.2646416425704956,
0.0297080148011446,
0.6162109375,
0.3700765073299408,
-0.1550021767616272,
-0.2525092363357544,
0.07089148461818695
] |
2148
|
When did Madrid become capital of Spain?
|
[
{
"docid": "1464190#1",
"text": "When the capital of Spain was transferred from Toledo to Madrid in 1561, the seat of the Church in Spain remained in Toledo and the new capital had no cathedral. Plans to build a cathedral in Madrid dedicated to the Virgin of Almudena were discussed as early as the 16th century but even though Spain built more than 40 cities in the new world during that century and plenty of cathedrals, the cost of expanding and keeping the Empire came first and the construction of Madrid's cathedral was postponed. Making the cathedral the largest that the world had ever seen was then a priority, all other main Spanish cities had centuries old cathedrals, Madrid also has old churches but the construction of Almudena only began in 1879.",
"title": "Almudena Cathedral"
},
{
"docid": "31360#41",
"text": "Charles I of Spain's court was set in Toledo, serving as the imperial capital. In 1560, Toledo reached a population of 60,000, being the 3rd city of the Crown of Castile. However, in 1561, in the first years of his son Philip II of Spain's reign, the Spanish court was moved to Madrid, thus letting the city's importance dwindle until the late 20th century, when it became the capital of the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. Nevertheless, the economic decline of the city helped to preserve its cultural and architectural heritage. Today, because of this rich heritage, Toledo is one of Spain's foremost cities, receiving thousands of visitors yearly.",
"title": "Toledo, Spain"
},
{
"docid": "55815084#4",
"text": "The museum's permanent collection demonstrates the history of Madrid from 1561 when Madrid became the capital of Spain to the beginning of the twentieth century.",
"title": "Museo de Historia de Madrid"
},
{
"docid": "25425727#2",
"text": "After Philip II made Madrid the capital city of the Spanish Empire in 1561, the city experienced rapid growth. As Spain (like many other European countries) continued to centralize royal authority, particularly under the Bourbon monarchs, Madrid took on greater importance as a center of administration for Spain. It was sometimes described as an \"economic parasite\", sucking in the resources of the empire without directly generating wealth.",
"title": "Economy of Madrid"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "25425727#6",
"text": "Unlike many of the other cities in Spain and elsewhere in Europe, Madrid did not become a leading center of industry during the nineteenth century. Construction remained one of the principal forms of economic activity: when the first rail link was built, to Aranjuez, it was mainly used for bringing in timber for construction, as there was little industrial plant needing a supply of other materials. One indicator of Madrid’s industrial weakness was how little the workers’ movement developed there, its center of gravity remaining in Barcelona. The founding of the PSOE socialist party and the UGT trade union in Madrid were led by Pablo Iglesias, a printing worker: publishing was another of the long-standing forms of enterprise in the capital.",
"title": "Economy of Madrid"
},
{
"docid": "41188263#19",
"text": "Madrid was one of the most heavily affected cities of Spain in the Civil War (1936–1939). The city was a stronghold of the Republicans from July 1936. Its western suburbs were the scene of an all-out battle in November 1936 and during the Civil War the city was also bombed by aeroplanes. (See Siege of Madrid (1936–39)).\nDuring the economic boom in Spain from 1959 to 1973, the city experienced unprecedented, extraordinary development in terms of population and wealth, becoming the largest GDP city in Spain, and ranking third in Western Europe. The municipality was extended, annexing neighbouring council districts, to achieve the present extension of . The south of Madrid became very industrialised, and there were massive migrations from rural areas of Spain into the city. Madrid's newly built north-western districts became the home of the new thriving middle class that appeared as result of the 1960s Spanish economic boom, while the south-eastern periphery became an extensive working-class settlement, which was the base for an active cultural and political reform.\nAfter the death of Franco and the start of the democratic regime, the 1978 constitution confirmed Madrid as the capital of Spain. In 1979, the first municipal elections brought Madrid's first democratically elected mayor since the Second Republic. Madrid was the scene of some of the most important events of the time, such as the mass demonstrations of support for democracy after the failed coup, 23-F, on 23 February 1981. The first democratic mayors belonged to the leftist PSOE (Enrique Tierno Galván, Juan Barranco Gallardo), turning the city after more conservative positions (Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún, José María Álvarez del Manzano, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón and Ana Botella). Benefiting from increasing prosperity in the 1980s and 1990s, the capital city of Spain has consolidated its position as an important economic, cultural, industrial, educational, and technological centre on the European continent.",
"title": "Madrid"
},
{
"docid": "4540043#0",
"text": "\"Te Dejo Madrid\" (English: \"I Leave You Madrid\") is a song recorded by Colombian singer Shakira for her fifth studio album, \"Laundry Service\" (2001). It was written by the singer about the city of Madrid, the capital of Spain. The music video for it featured the singer as a bullfighter. Although it was released as the fifth single from the album in several European countries in 2002, it was not released in the United States. \"Te Dejo Madrid\" was very successful in Italy and Spain, but the song did not repeat its success in Latin America, as it reached a peak position of forty-five in \"Billboard\"'s Hot Latin Tracks.",
"title": "Te Dejo Madrid"
},
{
"docid": "69802#0",
"text": "The Community of Madrid (; ) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and of the Castilian Central Plateau (\"Meseta Central\"). Its capital is the city of Madrid, which is also the capital of the country. The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castilla–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and León. It was formally created in 1983, based on the limits of the province of Madrid, which was until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile.",
"title": "Community of Madrid"
},
{
"docid": "124112#1",
"text": "Madrid was platted in 1887 when the railroad was extended to that point. It was named after Madrid, the capital of Spain.",
"title": "Madrid, Nebraska"
},
{
"docid": "41188263#36",
"text": "Madrid is the capital of the Kingdom of Spain. The King of Spain, whose functions are mainly ceremonial, has their official residence in the Zarzuela Palace. As the seat of the Government of Spain, Madrid also houses the official residence of the President of the Government (Prime Minister) and regular meeting place of the Council of Ministers, the Moncloa Palace, as well as the headquarters of the ministerial departments. Both the residences of the Head of State and Government are located at the northwest of the city. Additionally, the seats of the Lower and Upper Chambers of the Spanish Parliament, the Cortes Generales (respectively, the Palacio de las Cortes and the Palacio del Senado), also lie on Madrid.\nThe Madrid metropolitan area comprises the city of Madrid and forty surrounding municipalities. It has a population of slightly more than 6.271 million people and covers an area of . It is the largest metropolitan area in Spain and the third largest in the European Union.",
"title": "Madrid"
}
] |
[
0.117284394800663,
0.0045909881591796875,
-0.057030487805604935,
0.007693481631577015,
-0.02461090125143528,
-0.11189766228199005,
0.5124756097793579,
-0.3589233458042145,
0.05469360202550888,
-0.199554443359375,
-0.08223877102136612,
-0.08115539699792862,
-0.41193848848342896,
-0.08254699409008026,
-0.39960938692092896,
0.32469481229782104,
0.559252917766571,
-0.15514525771141052,
0.10316161811351776,
0.3860839903354645,
0.11369170993566513,
0.728564441204071,
-0.21971435844898224,
-0.06358756870031357,
-0.31475830078125,
0.18648529052734375,
-0.4104247987270355,
0.3590087890625,
-0.18790587782859802,
0.5235351324081421,
0.5194336175918579,
-0.2347412109375,
0.2303466796875,
0.32532960176467896,
-0.4168334901332855,
0.32554930448532104,
0.030973052605986595,
0.13337096571922302,
-0.047766875475645065,
-0.02554168738424778,
0.013366508297622204,
0.05904541164636612,
-0.030488967895507812,
-0.16168212890625,
0.34837645292282104,
-0.08234710991382599,
0.10554198920726776,
-0.09958286583423615,
0.141204833984375,
-0.0021575926803052425,
0.16110840439796448,
-0.2660278379917145,
0.22341307997703552,
0.24969482421875,
-0.502490222454071,
0.55224609375,
-0.23711852729320526,
0.6683105230331421,
-0.16753539443016052,
0.2684326171875,
0.06989975273609161,
0.20267944037914276,
-0.29851073026657104,
-0.06084899976849556,
-0.11319275200366974,
0.3102050721645355,
0.12501220405101776,
0.3288330137729645,
0.4537353515625,
0.32636719942092896,
-0.208282470703125,
0.4499755799770355,
0.4818115234375,
-0.08729934692382812,
-0.1833450347185135,
-0.4199462831020355,
-0.1115022674202919,
0.3595947325229645,
0.15671133995056152,
-0.11463622748851776,
0.22828979790210724,
-0.5271240472793579,
-0.1351173371076584,
0.0736083984375,
-0.23338623344898224,
0.2525268495082855,
-0.30805665254592896,
0.34858399629592896,
0.29182130098342896,
0.29841309785842896,
0.08386535942554474,
0.4021240174770355,
0.101801298558712,
-0.011932373046875,
0.18926391005516052,
0.10105381160974503,
0.32447510957717896,
-0.32563477754592896,
0.17136994004249573,
-0.17353515326976776,
0.131388857960701,
-0.32493895292282104,
-0.17237091064453125,
0.332174688577652,
0.32904052734375,
-0.37897950410842896,
-0.176666259765625,
0.04468841478228569,
0.14913329482078552,
0.40766602754592896,
0.10626830905675888,
-0.128753662109375,
-0.0511627197265625,
-0.06955871731042862,
0.1287582367658615,
0.027336597442626953,
0.07628478854894638,
-0.16802367568016052,
-0.31848031282424927,
-0.598193347454071,
0.44218748807907104,
0.03309516981244087,
-0.24056395888328552,
-0.11023978888988495,
-0.20046460628509521,
-0.22819824516773224,
0.557910144329071,
0.06300125271081924,
0.524243175983429,
0.4296020567417145,
-0.031494140625,
0.22934570908546448,
0.15767212212085724,
0.6246582269668579,
0.10016174614429474,
0.3918090760707855,
0.214996337890625,
0.018162917345762253,
0.18685302138328552,
-0.13242340087890625,
-0.28685301542282104,
-0.06009826809167862,
0.24344787001609802,
0.7425292730331421,
0.05810394138097763,
0.14440307021141052,
0.27839356660842896,
0.01563396491110325,
0.1040927916765213,
-0.0021011352073401213,
0.14216652512550354,
-0.13831329345703125,
-0.12976989150047302,
0.33599853515625,
-0.12847594916820526,
0.3631225526332855,
0.13505859673023224,
0.26014405488967896,
-0.239471435546875,
-0.1257980316877365,
0.7372802495956421,
0.34478759765625,
-0.008044719696044922,
0.05305175855755806,
0.31005859375,
-0.20550537109375,
0.1406402587890625,
0.744384765625,
0.561572253704071,
0.078399658203125,
-0.15606117248535156,
0.09331969916820526,
0.4439453184604645,
0.16528931260108948,
-0.004680633544921875,
0.33503419160842896,
-0.3922576904296875,
0.08634605258703232,
0.2772155702114105,
0.31663817167282104,
0.18004150688648224,
0.23474732041358948,
0.718310534954071,
0.25581589341163635,
0.5660156011581421,
-0.004086303524672985,
0.091400146484375,
0.047068022191524506,
-0.35603028535842896,
0.002022361848503351,
-0.09193305671215057,
-0.10501480102539062,
0.6791747808456421,
-0.2755889892578125,
0.0005615234258584678,
0.22587890923023224,
0.03828735277056694,
0.10415496677160263,
0.38640135526657104,
0.140960693359375,
-0.5842040777206421,
-0.4146972596645355,
-0.23105469346046448,
0.23499146103858948,
0.2698425352573395,
-0.24295195937156677,
0.05715828016400337,
0.39323312044143677,
-0.20714712142944336,
-0.31016844511032104,
0.11342468112707138,
0.01674346998333931,
0.41484373807907104,
0.08673248440027237,
0.0684814453125,
0.3545165956020355,
0.01698608323931694,
-0.08305320888757706,
0.40697020292282104,
-0.07784881442785263,
-0.19529876112937927,
0.20478515326976776,
-0.25593870878219604,
-0.25372314453125,
0.07410965114831924,
-0.18920287489891052,
-0.03482170030474663,
-0.37391358613967896,
0.14050598442554474,
0.518115222454071,
0.0654296875,
-0.11647339165210724,
0.13519287109375,
-0.06010131910443306,
0.008715057745575905,
0.23395995795726776,
0.08825836330652237,
-0.4336181581020355,
-0.13183899223804474,
0.04213857650756836,
0.3222412168979645,
0.24423828721046448,
-0.3712402284145355,
-0.16674423217773438,
0.55419921875,
0.30941468477249146,
0.048891831189394,
0.37434691190719604,
-0.3319458067417145,
-0.17702941596508026,
0.13461914658546448,
-0.06109771877527237,
-0.02459564246237278,
0.20430298149585724,
-0.21209716796875,
0.14333495497703552,
0.21505126357078552,
-0.13078919053077698,
-0.07262726128101349,
-0.031193161383271217,
0.32963865995407104,
0.235076904296875,
0.4407714903354645,
0.11785888671875,
-0.407958984375,
-0.10462798923254013,
-0.048250578343868256,
0.5371338129043579,
0.03131866455078125,
0.50341796875,
0.4644775390625,
-0.05922260135412216,
-0.182952880859375,
-0.3011123538017273,
-0.3292480409145355,
-0.17646637558937073,
0.14687804877758026,
0.06102275848388672,
-0.4135986268520355,
0.3479247987270355,
0.07507459819316864,
0.05976409837603569,
-0.03136711195111275,
0.28782957792282104,
0.1256992369890213,
0.07361297309398651,
-0.008924102410674095,
0.035608671605587006,
-0.15240478515625,
-0.12987060844898224,
-0.02578124962747097,
0.5047363042831421,
0.24436035752296448,
-0.68017578125,
-0.08634033054113388,
0.06060943752527237,
-0.02615814283490181,
-0.3726806640625,
0.2610839903354645,
-0.05364685133099556,
0.15696410834789276,
-0.675000011920929,
0.22791138291358948,
0.6011962890625,
-0.1674957275390625,
-0.4805908203125,
-0.22046509385108948,
0.10979785770177841,
0.19124145805835724,
0.22713622450828552,
0.773193359375,
-0.4108642637729645,
0.3144897520542145,
0.6373291015625,
0.4422363340854645,
0.11605224758386612,
0.2998413145542145,
-0.09660911560058594,
0.2868858277797699,
0.19024963676929474,
0.036609649658203125,
-0.0814208984375,
-0.399169921875,
-0.3404785096645355,
0.08280029147863388,
-0.2901458740234375,
0.3495117127895355,
-0.33543699979782104,
0.630615234375,
0.044138241559267044,
0.5737549066543579,
0.35975342988967896,
-0.05375709384679794,
-0.005705833435058594,
0.173583984375,
-0.06741104274988174,
-0.27564698457717896,
0.42370909452438354,
0.0573883056640625,
-0.13948364555835724,
-0.07751388847827911,
0.09501342475414276,
0.27484130859375,
0.28948974609375,
0.44892579317092896,
0.03178815916180611,
0.1368415802717209,
-0.04353485256433487,
0.27655029296875,
-0.03743328899145126,
-0.05726967006921768,
0.46564942598342896,
-0.291229248046875,
0.20205077528953552,
0.27470093965530396,
-0.23992308974266052,
0.12398071587085724,
0.3231140077114105,
0.594287097454071,
-0.19330444931983948,
-0.05748290941119194,
0.31645506620407104,
0.2755126953125,
0.25989991426467896,
0.617382824420929,
0.1441708505153656,
0.00409622211009264,
-0.21311339735984802,
0.19019928574562073,
-0.22733458876609802,
0.48625487089157104,
-0.19562378525733948,
-0.0008689880487509072,
-0.05950317531824112,
-0.14413265883922577,
-0.0978851318359375,
-0.15789489448070526,
0.562548816204071,
0.29326170682907104,
0.03230132907629013,
0.05821418762207031,
0.49494630098342896,
0.36463624238967896,
-0.18792724609375,
-0.40021973848342896,
-0.32884520292282104,
-0.12952880561351776,
0.27332764863967896,
-0.1302274763584137,
-0.3775390684604645,
0.4141845703125,
0.05122070387005806,
0.23264464735984802,
0.0783022865653038,
-0.026343535631895065,
-0.08639983832836151,
-0.0037168501876294613,
0.37579345703125,
0.07756805419921875,
0.13549193739891052,
-0.33234864473342896,
0.24547728896141052,
0.624560534954071,
0.34050291776657104,
4.1875,
0.21880492568016052,
-0.01925506629049778,
0.18876953423023224,
-0.21818847954273224,
-0.16420897841453552,
0.6264404058456421,
-0.11130066215991974,
-0.00725135812535882,
0.09036560356616974,
0.19320067763328552,
0.14440269768238068,
0.06271819770336151,
0.06308364868164062,
-0.3849853575229645,
0.3056182861328125,
0.579345703125,
0.20314331352710724,
-0.272918701171875,
0.503588855266571,
-0.39458006620407104,
0.3646606504917145,
0.2052764892578125,
0.17821045219898224,
0.39033812284469604,
-0.07964859157800674,
0.09866561740636826,
0.323037713766098,
0.571533203125,
0.20601806044578552,
0.2049560546875,
-0.392333984375,
-0.21830138564109802,
0.21431580185890198,
-0.6224731206893921,
-0.28436279296875,
0.44072264432907104,
0.4037109315395355,
-0.04315166547894478,
-0.10596313327550888,
-0.27321165800094604,
-0.39726561307907104,
0.13520507514476776,
0.5809570550918579,
0.24925318360328674,
-0.33948975801467896,
-0.04034487158060074,
0.530834972858429,
0.053497314453125,
0.07616730034351349,
0.4442382752895355,
-0.23056641221046448,
-0.034932516515254974,
-0.37846678495407104,
0.3517211973667145,
0.4148803651332855,
0.3984130918979645,
0.6319824457168579,
0.17850951850414276,
0.06325435638427734,
0.48200684785842896,
-0.20048828423023224,
0.3427490293979645,
0.02814331091940403,
-0.081512451171875,
0.029480934143066406,
0.2920776307582855,
-0.14904633164405823,
-0.08903045952320099,
0.07573852688074112,
0.45109862089157104,
0.36181640625,
0.24957275390625,
-0.19254150986671448,
0.05798797681927681,
0.39494627714157104,
-0.172077938914299,
0.11454467475414276,
0.12308578193187714,
-0.10933838039636612,
-0.00400543212890625,
-0.4552001953125,
-0.27733153104782104,
0.20172119140625,
-0.009228515438735485,
0.509472668170929,
0.01336059533059597,
-0.08615722507238388,
0.2644409239292145,
0.08695373684167862,
0.2814086973667145,
0.13362427055835724,
0.3857665956020355,
-0.14384841918945312,
0.4518798887729645,
-0.09723816066980362,
-0.324554443359375,
-4.054296970367432,
0.07895813137292862,
0.23332519829273224,
-0.4135986268520355,
0.23507079482078552,
-0.033150672912597656,
-0.10523071140050888,
0.22218628227710724,
-0.28791505098342896,
0.20101317763328552,
0.2501174807548523,
0.158824160695076,
-0.261138916015625,
0.40709227323532104,
0.21384277939796448,
0.16381224989891052,
-0.10282440483570099,
0.27116698026657104,
0.4532226622104645,
-0.060302734375,
0.3946777284145355,
0.594409167766571,
0.4208984375,
-0.23089599609375,
-0.09333114326000214,
0.05434303358197212,
-0.3721679747104645,
-0.12348327785730362,
-0.024248505011200905,
-0.07060432434082031,
0.635937511920929,
0.2913574278354645,
0.35454100370407104,
-0.23502197861671448,
0.3991943299770355,
0.5333251953125,
0.03957214206457138,
0.07121429592370987,
0.769580066204071,
-0.02059631422162056,
0.1226295456290245,
-0.22724303603172302,
0.18629150092601776,
0.3618408143520355,
-0.10951080173254013,
0.13359375298023224,
-0.5978027582168579,
-0.14166870713233948,
-0.36589354276657104,
0.01044540386646986,
0.07033004611730576,
0.3233276307582855,
-0.3274169862270355,
0.20648193359375,
0.594921886920929,
0.04270782321691513,
0.15983276069164276,
-0.062194060534238815,
0.566967785358429,
0.01932067796587944,
0.528491199016571,
-0.119873046875,
0.2567138671875,
-0.017241667956113815,
0.01846923865377903,
-0.052550505846738815,
0.23829956352710724,
0.06198444217443466,
0.08784866333007812,
-0.4502197206020355,
0.29102784395217896,
0.2698730528354645,
0.30731201171875,
-0.02687234804034233,
0.4798828065395355,
0.6129394769668579,
-0.33085936307907104,
0.018837356939911842,
0.5980468988418579,
0.04176788404583931,
-0.07205505669116974,
0.19984130561351776,
-0.36735838651657104,
0.3448486328125,
1.9638671875,
0.4010009765625,
2.154296875,
0.3961181640625,
-0.11319808661937714,
0.2426246702671051,
-0.25535887479782104,
0.12888184189796448,
0.11299679428339005,
0.2818847596645355,
-0.15284118056297302,
0.3985961973667145,
-0.14199523627758026,
-0.137420654296875,
-0.07437743991613388,
-0.009412860497832298,
0.44526368379592896,
-0.7827392816543579,
0.31451416015625,
-0.25108641386032104,
0.10376892238855362,
-0.4829345643520355,
0.18629761040210724,
0.2574714720249176,
0.24276122450828552,
-0.23679199814796448,
0.05142974853515625,
0.37347412109375,
0.0882110595703125,
-0.19147948920726776,
-0.09426803886890411,
0.047974586486816406,
0.5037597417831421,
-0.07512817531824112,
0.14210662245750427,
0.03514061123132706,
-0.03442268446087837,
4.694531440734863,
-0.0029098510276526213,
0.060388945043087006,
-0.05608367919921875,
0.2836669981479645,
0.40602415800094604,
-0.045075416564941406,
-0.25732421875,
0.11639709770679474,
-0.06090698391199112,
0.56591796875,
0.17537841200828552,
-0.15382690727710724,
0.0767364501953125,
0.18650512397289276,
0.296875,
0.2557128965854645,
-0.0040954588912427425,
0.11295013129711151,
0.23713378608226776,
0.17360229790210724,
0.4043945372104645,
0.08003310859203339,
-0.08119277656078339,
0.12154655158519745,
0.20464476943016052,
0.41242676973342896,
-0.31531983613967896,
0.02156829833984375,
0.20085754990577698,
-0.10259170830249786,
5.427343845367432,
0.432373046875,
0.12056579440832138,
-0.42204588651657104,
-0.1862037628889084,
0.009388732723891735,
-0.1266021728515625,
-0.17766723036766052,
-0.17531737685203552,
-0.01781005784869194,
-0.13700485229492188,
-0.06537151336669922,
0.20253905653953552,
0.20010986924171448,
0.0449371337890625,
-0.07272491604089737,
-0.1799774169921875,
0.11876372992992401,
0.3791137635707855,
-0.0648040771484375,
0.855029284954071,
-0.21521607041358948,
0.4683837890625,
-0.2740112245082855,
-0.4187683165073395,
0.01061096228659153,
-0.2095436155796051,
0.40625,
-0.07947082817554474,
-0.1541290283203125,
0.4110107421875,
0.21127930283546448,
-0.12882384657859802,
0.15264892578125,
-0.643750011920929,
0.17113599181175232,
0.46357423067092896,
0.29173582792282104,
0.10051079094409943,
-0.17195434868335724,
0.24313965439796448,
0.4177002012729645,
-0.2817016541957855,
-0.06681318581104279,
-0.21634826064109802,
0.09485702216625214,
-0.10774536430835724,
-0.3378051817417145,
0.15283203125,
0.13934020698070526,
-0.21590575575828552,
-0.05616798251867294,
0.572094738483429,
0.17440184950828552,
0.4988037049770355,
0.25444334745407104,
-0.35307615995407104,
-0.24947205185890198,
0.31141358613967896,
-0.10402984917163849,
0.5791260004043579,
0.0648704543709755,
-0.2520507872104645,
0.4274536073207855,
0.4402832090854645,
0.13776855170726776,
-0.0239073745906353,
-0.07544402778148651,
0.45068359375,
-0.39421385526657104,
-0.09852447360754013,
0.22910156846046448,
-0.11665572971105576,
0.166534423828125,
0.05483970791101456,
0.2905166745185852,
0.16901035606861115,
-0.21769103407859802,
0.1357070952653885,
0.2872070372104645,
-0.10198974609375,
0.007518768310546875,
-0.518725574016571,
-0.11343078315258026,
0.06043529510498047,
0.008859825320541859,
-0.18581542372703552,
-0.016001129522919655,
0.664868175983429,
0.15594176948070526,
0.34541016817092896,
-0.009297370910644531,
-0.2519897520542145,
0.8978515863418579,
0.221923828125,
0.05045471340417862,
-0.03667163848876953,
0.34942626953125,
0.05318756029009819,
0.04047870635986328,
-0.10410919040441513,
0.21391601860523224,
0.3161987364292145,
-0.20538330078125,
0.25981444120407104,
-0.27982789278030396,
-0.41950684785842896,
0.26533204317092896,
0.720410168170929,
0.01117553748190403,
0.555004894733429,
0.75634765625,
0.07376708835363388,
0.31298828125,
-0.162689208984375
] |
2153
|
Did DJ Hero have any DLC?
|
[
{
"docid": "23649244#4",
"text": "New mixes were added regularly to \"DJ Hero\" through downloadable content that could be purchased on the console's respective online stores; content was made available on the day of the game's release. Unlike \"Guitar Hero\" games' downloadable content, which costs approximately US$2 per track, each mix costs approximately $3 to download because of the additional effort needed to create the mixes. Furthermore, mixes are provided only as bundles for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 users; the Wii's storefront prevents the selling of bundled packages; instead, each track is offered individually. Critics viewed the lack of individual song selection on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 platforms as a way of limiting consumers' choice, as previous downloadable songs for games such as \"Guitar Hero\" allow players on these systems to select individual tracks to purchase from a bundle. The long time between the second downloadable pack (in November 2009) and the third pack (in March 2010) was also believed to be the result of a last-ditch effort by Activision to support the game, and that the few packs released did not meet expectations for the game. All of the DJ Hero DLC packs (along with the DLC of \"Guitar Hero\", \"Band Hero\") were taken offline on March 31, 2014, and are no longer available for download. However, they can be reinstalled if the player has downloaded any DLC pack before the removal. While the base game contained 93 mixes in total, there were 4 mixes that never made it into the game. These mixes either were at one point planned to be in the game or were confirmed to be part of the song list, but ended up being scrapped during development. These mixes included various songs from \"Nirvana, Ludacris, Red Hot Chili Peppers\" and so on.",
"title": "List of songs in DJ Hero"
},
{
"docid": "9432075#12",
"text": "No further downloadable content for either \"Guitar Hero\" or \"DJ Hero\" was made after February 2011, though Activision committed to releasing content that was already in development by that time due to fan response; later, in a move described by \"Game Informer\" as \"the final nail in [the series'] coffins\", Activision announced it would discontinue all DLC sales for the series without revoking access to tracks already bought as of March 31, 2014. Though Activision had moved away from the \"Guitar Hero\" series, the lessons learned helped them and developer Toys for Bob to handle the manufacturing and outsourcing issues that came with the highly successful \"Skylanders\" toy and video game franchise.",
"title": "Guitar Hero"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "14106327#13",
"text": "While \"Band Hero\" does not have its own separate library of downloadable content, it supports downloadable content from the Guitar Hero 5 DLC library. In addition, 152 of the 158 available downloadable songs for \"Guitar Hero World Tour\" are forward-compatible with \"Guitar Hero 5\" and \"Band Hero\"; the existing content is automatically upgraded to include all features new to these games and was immediately available to players upon release of \"Band Hero\". Downloaded songs can be used in all game modes, provided all participating players have the song, including in the game's Career mode when players are given the option to select any song to play. The entire Band Hero DLC library is also available in Guitar Hero 5, and vice versa, so both games embrace the same DLC library. Some DLC songs have specific focus on Band Hero, like the \"Celebrity New Years Track Pack\" which includes Taylor Swift, Maroon 5 and No Doubt songs, and the \"Band Hero Track Pack\" with Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, and Selena Gomez & the Scene songs.",
"title": "Band Hero"
},
{
"docid": "24527380#1",
"text": "Similar to \"DJ Hero\", players in \"DJ Hero 2\" follow specific actions on the turntable controller in time to marked scrolling indicators on the game's screen, earning points for correctly performing actions in time. The game includes a new freestyle mode, giving the player the chance to freely crossfade between tracks, scratch a section of a mix, or add sample effects during marked sections. The game features 83 mixes on disc comprising over 100 different songs, with further mixes available as downloadable content. Most mixes have been assembled by FreeStyleGames, but other professional DJs, including David Guetta, deadmau5, DJ Qbert, Tiësto and RZA, have provided both their mixing skills and character avatar for the game. Players can challenge these mixes at any time in a Quickplay mode, progress through them in the single-player Empire mode, or play cooperatively or competitively with a second user in offline and online game modes. A third player can also participate through singing the mix' vocals.",
"title": "DJ Hero 2"
},
{
"docid": "19353908#10",
"text": "At Nintendo's E3 press conference on June 15, 2010, the Nintendo 3DS handheld console was revealed. At the conference Nintendo listed a number of publishers and franchises coming to the 3DS, one of whom was Activision with \"DJ Hero 3D\", a new installment in the \"DJ Hero\" series and the first handheld \"DJ Hero\" title. The gameplay is similar in nature to \"DJ Hero\", where the stylus and touchscreen are used to mimic scratching and crossfading between songs. It is unknown if the game is still in development after Activision stopped production of the \"Guitar Hero\" and \"DJ Hero\" franchises.\nOn April 15, 2009, the publishers of \"\", Genius Products and Numark, sued against \"Scratch\"'s developer, 7 Studios and Activision. The lawsuit contends that Activision purchased 7 Studios to both gain access to proprietary technology and to delay publication of the game so \"DJ Hero\" could come out first. The Los Angeles Superior Court in which the suit was filed did not grant the requested restraining order against Activision on \"DJ Hero\". Activision states that \"Scratch\" was already delayed by as early as October 2008, before they made contact with 7 Studios, and their acquisition of the developers did not impede them from completing \"Scratch\". However, on April 20, the court reversed its decision, awarding Genius and Numark a temporary restraining order, and ordered the \"immediate return\" of all of the material from 7 Studios from Activision, including all source code related to \"Scratch\". 7 Studios subsequently filed a counter-suit against Genius Products, claiming that they engaged in \"unlawful and unsavoury business practices\" that limited 7 Studios from completing the game as planned.",
"title": "DJ Hero"
},
{
"docid": "19353908#11",
"text": "Over 100 individual songs based on master recordings were licensed by Activision, composed into 93 DJ mixes by both participating internationally known DJs and an in-house remix team. Unusually, the audio team also acted as the design team, playtesting all mixes and creating gameplay in tandem with producing the mixes. All mixes were produced using Ableton Live, with most of the scratch routines being performed by former DMC World DJ Champion DJ Blakey. All mixes used in the soundtrack were unique at the time of the game's release. Celebrity mix artists include DJ Shadow, DJ Z-Trip, DJ AM, and Daft Punk in addition to other mix artists listed below, although Daft Punk did not create their levels - they were all created by the in-house remix team. Initial industry speculation stated that DJ Tiësto would be involved with the game, but this was eventually denied. Mix Master Mike of the Beastie Boys was reported to have signed an exclusivity deal with 7 Studios to appear in their game \"\", meaning that he would also not appear on \"DJ Hero.\"",
"title": "DJ Hero"
},
{
"docid": "29264319#1",
"text": "\"DJ Hero 2\" on-disc setlist includes 83 mixes from over 100 different songs spanning 85 artists. Several mixes have been composed by professional DJs, including David Guetta, Deadmau5, DJ Qbert, Tiësto and RZA, who also appear as in-game avatars. The success of the first game eased the acquisition of music licenses for the sequel, and allowed the inclusion of more popular music. However, licensing for such music remained a difficult barrier. Reviews found the setlist to provide better variety from the first game's heavier hip-hop influences. The game also supports downloadable content, both existing downloadable mixes from \"DJ Hero\" and new mixes since the sequel's release.",
"title": "List of songs in DJ Hero 2"
},
{
"docid": "24527380#7",
"text": "The primary focus of \"DJ Hero 2\" has been the social aspects, according to FreeStyleGames' creative director Jamie Jackson; as such, many of the games' new modes feature multiplayer considerations. The game supports the \"Party Play\" mode introduced in \"Guitar Hero 5\", allowing players to jump into a song, alter the difficulty during gameplay, change between turntable and vocals, and leave at any time, while the game continues to run in a jukebox mode. Several new competitive modes engage two DJ players against each other; some modes have both DJs performing alongside each other but with competitive edges such as a \"Checkpoint\" race where each DJ attempts to earn the best score within a section of a song. DJ Battles see two DJ's performing call-and-response style along with open freestyle sections. The online mode includes a simple role-playing video game mechanic whereby participating and winning battles with other players earns the player DJ Points that lead to level increases and additional perks.",
"title": "DJ Hero 2"
},
{
"docid": "19683653#5",
"text": "On April 15, 2009, the publishers of \"Scratch: The Ultimate DJ\", Genius Products and Numark, sued against \"Scratch\"'s developer, 7 Studios and Activision. The lawsuit contends that Activision purchased 7 Studios to both gain access to proprietary technology and to delay publication of the game so \"DJ Hero\" could come out first. The Los Angeles Superior Court in which the suit was filed did not grant the requested restraining order against Activision on \"DJ Hero\". Activision states that \"Scratch\" was already delayed by as early as October 2008, before they made contact with 7 Studios, and their acquisition of the developers did not impede them from completing \"Scratch\". However, on April 20, the court reversed its decision, awarding Genius and Numark a temporary restraining order, and ordered the \"immediate return\" of all of the material from 7 Studios from Activision, including all source code related to \"Scratch\". 7 Studios subsequently filed a counter-suit against Genius Products, claiming that they engaged in \"unlawful and unsavoury business practices\" that limited 7 Studios from completing the game as planned.",
"title": "Scratch: The Ultimate DJ"
}
] |
[
0.4144693911075592,
-0.1517367959022522,
0.196685791015625,
0.01728227362036705,
0.378662109375,
0.1322835236787796,
0.6725803017616272,
-0.358154296875,
0.2474924772977829,
0.3186984658241272,
-0.1763509064912796,
-0.3174777626991272,
-0.2846544086933136,
0.4562445878982544,
0.0696139857172966,
0.1892327219247818,
0.7567274570465088,
-0.2167765349149704,
-0.4309895932674408,
0.3409966230392456,
-0.2537841796875,
0.4480522871017456,
-0.03731706365942955,
-0.2718912661075592,
0.2130262553691864,
0.1249220073223114,
-0.1654137521982193,
0.2413262277841568,
0.1780802458524704,
0.4510091245174408,
-0.0301072858273983,
0.0966712087392807,
-0.2012736052274704,
0.3038126528263092,
-0.2615593671798706,
0.3371310830116272,
0.009952121414244175,
0.3012559711933136,
0.2182888388633728,
0.4622667133808136,
-0.07194200903177261,
0.04326889291405678,
0.2132907509803772,
-0.007936690002679825,
0.4421251118183136,
0.2665880024433136,
0.0394744873046875,
0.12059095501899719,
0.2877875566482544,
0.1950141042470932,
-0.4605848491191864,
0.011110941879451275,
-0.2254909873008728,
0.0047022500075399876,
-0.2255130410194397,
0.2523125410079956,
-0.3050537109375,
-0.1133638471364975,
-0.1095174178481102,
0.4239095151424408,
0.2085232138633728,
0.3865017294883728,
-0.2279459685087204,
0.008608500473201275,
-0.373291015625,
0.054826948791742325,
0.0360107421875,
0.2973226010799408,
-0.0043165418319404125,
0.1862114816904068,
-0.1977946013212204,
0.4971788227558136,
0.52783203125,
-0.0196567103266716,
-0.0453525111079216,
-0.2222357839345932,
0.1293097585439682,
-0.2584432065486908,
0.5613335371017456,
-0.041874781250953674,
0.6676161289215088,
0.1294623464345932,
-0.5254991054534912,
0.03064812533557415,
0.3568352460861206,
0.1754692941904068,
-0.2075737863779068,
0.1516655832529068,
0.2191094309091568,
0.5574272871017456,
-0.1114569753408432,
0.3244493305683136,
0.0305014718323946,
-0.101348876953125,
-0.2052137553691864,
0.1512993723154068,
0.15020751953125,
-0.3193766176700592,
0.15293079614639282,
-0.2643636167049408,
0.2099744975566864,
-0.266571044921875,
-0.2054528146982193,
0.1419609934091568,
0.335693359375,
-0.2784966230392456,
-0.7183701992034912,
0.2606607973575592,
-0.1671566367149353,
0.50830078125,
0.2104017436504364,
-0.19615936279296875,
-0.4040798544883728,
-0.1635606586933136,
-0.1543172150850296,
0.12540605664253235,
0.2326304167509079,
-0.0870632603764534,
-0.1290384978055954,
-0.72021484375,
0.2122124582529068,
0.3129611611366272,
-0.3202446699142456,
0.1672024130821228,
-0.2555881142616272,
-0.1054823100566864,
0.5647243857383728,
-0.1166364848613739,
0.8109809160232544,
0.58251953125,
0.4171956479549408,
0.3052029013633728,
0.0685628280043602,
0.6465928554534912,
0.0757887065410614,
0.1164906844496727,
0.417236328125,
-0.07919608056545258,
-0.3169487714767456,
-0.0518697090446949,
0.3465169370174408,
-0.2278035432100296,
0.2282511442899704,
0.4406602680683136,
0.4734157919883728,
0.0465291328728199,
-0.1004774272441864,
0.4546712338924408,
0.137298583984375,
0.3863932192325592,
0.1625230610370636,
0.1642693430185318,
0.0389675572514534,
0.3746202290058136,
-0.0913119837641716,
0.2483656108379364,
0.1738179475069046,
0.3450486958026886,
0.2193264365196228,
-0.1394771933555603,
0.6912434697151184,
0.3810221254825592,
-0.2543809711933136,
-0.2022501677274704,
-0.0034077961463481188,
0.3710666298866272,
-0.002818637527525425,
0.2882453203201294,
0.5465494990348816,
-0.0980139821767807,
-0.1547885537147522,
0.193634033203125,
0.2690802812576294,
0.0078099570237100124,
0.0950927734375,
0.0868903249502182,
-0.2892710268497467,
0.0042215981520712376,
0.1512925922870636,
-0.2378268837928772,
0.2264675498008728,
0.4112413227558136,
0.2677764892578125,
0.2180853933095932,
0.6297200322151184,
0.1709662526845932,
-0.007982783950865269,
-0.1787651926279068,
-0.3095143735408783,
0.2870618999004364,
0.1425306499004364,
-0.0011325412197038531,
0.6150173544883728,
-0.1215006485581398,
0.2745903730392456,
-0.058868408203125,
-0.2056206613779068,
0.10698339343070984,
-0.1792670339345932,
0.01883528009057045,
-0.3197377622127533,
-0.2094048410654068,
-0.2323404997587204,
0.3341471254825592,
0.51806640625,
-0.09881591796875,
0.0837317556142807,
0.01694742776453495,
-0.3752170205116272,
0.09217516332864761,
0.3854030966758728,
0.1052415668964386,
-0.0318179652094841,
0.053924560546875,
0.1637980192899704,
0.5225965976715088,
-0.0316704660654068,
-0.1102311909198761,
0.4658338725566864,
0.2819145917892456,
-0.2994113564491272,
0.8376193642616272,
-0.1219618022441864,
-0.2383405864238739,
0.2494032084941864,
-0.2544623613357544,
-0.5199381709098816,
-0.7055121660232544,
0.1105322316288948,
0.3562282919883728,
0.1734483540058136,
0.2903917133808136,
-0.016256757080554962,
-0.3026258647441864,
0.0666164830327034,
0.1804707795381546,
0.1996866911649704,
-0.3231879472732544,
0.00054168701171875,
-0.3783772885799408,
0.0440385602414608,
-0.1454620361328125,
-0.2665201723575592,
0.0725657120347023,
0.5182834267616272,
-0.2561713457107544,
0.5912543535232544,
0.3610161542892456,
-0.3297525942325592,
-0.0590786412358284,
0.1043989360332489,
-0.17644330859184265,
0.1064249649643898,
0.0896589457988739,
-0.1000925675034523,
0.3092990517616272,
0.217041015625,
-0.18389129638671875,
0.1219075545668602,
0.3529459536075592,
0.3253580629825592,
0.2062242329120636,
0.272705078125,
0.3161892294883728,
-0.5023871660232544,
-0.0746002197265625,
0.01818169467151165,
0.4739854633808136,
-0.13479794561862946,
0.5294325351715088,
0.4882134199142456,
-0.002804226242005825,
0.0858883336186409,
0.6436903476715088,
-0.12188720703125,
-0.03751712292432785,
0.2458224892616272,
0.2095947265625,
-0.3275688886642456,
0.4870334267616272,
0.3754340410232544,
-0.0028241474647074938,
-0.0848676860332489,
-0.7061089277267456,
0.1720750629901886,
0.1831597238779068,
-0.0930752232670784,
-0.2498643696308136,
-0.0316196009516716,
-0.2386067658662796,
0.01279364712536335,
0.2494167685508728,
0.0055758156813681126,
-0.2201334685087204,
-0.2859037220478058,
0.412841796875,
0.5265028476715088,
-0.057281494140625,
0.2911783754825592,
-0.055685997009277344,
0.29052734375,
-0.4552951455116272,
0.07634840905666351,
0.4420572817325592,
-0.2314181923866272,
-0.4115397036075592,
-0.08843401074409485,
0.2071363627910614,
-0.1215447336435318,
0.5232747197151184,
0.6227213740348816,
-0.4800618588924408,
-0.0885518416762352,
0.1420152485370636,
0.2198757529258728,
0.5949435830116272,
0.2233005166053772,
0.07908206433057785,
1.2210829257965088,
0.1986982524394989,
0.5776638388633728,
-0.10856077075004578,
-0.3233642578125,
-0.1638047993183136,
-0.0005739000043831766,
-0.7309299111366272,
0.2103678435087204,
-0.2298855185508728,
0.14748848974704742,
0.02886199951171875,
0.2477772980928421,
-0.0396592877805233,
-0.1896124929189682,
0.3475070595741272,
-0.1001451313495636,
0.2892659604549408,
0.5684136152267456,
0.6306694746017456,
-0.1030510812997818,
-0.1256442666053772,
-0.1129082590341568,
-0.04319848120212555,
0.043212890625,
0.408935546875,
0.1193712055683136,
0.08129119873046875,
0.5358073115348816,
0.007130092941224575,
0.1382581889629364,
-0.027127794921398163,
0.5814616084098816,
0.1378733366727829,
-0.24847412109375,
0.1793687641620636,
0.2937215268611908,
0.2167934775352478,
-0.1682857871055603,
0.5462510585784912,
0.3765190839767456,
-0.1307339072227478,
0.195068359375,
0.3349609375,
0.2508138120174408,
-0.20753955841064453,
0.4696723222732544,
0.022895237430930138,
-0.2113410085439682,
0.3232964277267456,
0.1107635498046875,
-0.00530158169567585,
0.31756591796875,
0.2177395224571228,
0.1038784459233284,
0.3615451455116272,
-0.6018880009651184,
-0.1798163503408432,
-0.2276136577129364,
0.4857856035232544,
0.3382839560508728,
0.4271918535232544,
0.0997585728764534,
0.5706651210784912,
0.1941799521446228,
-0.2709147036075592,
-0.3332723081111908,
0.008411831222474575,
-0.3751899003982544,
-0.54541015625,
0.0663401260972023,
0.05743408203125,
0.457275390625,
-0.1941053569316864,
0.2070719450712204,
-0.5708957314491272,
-0.03816074877977371,
-0.2272406667470932,
0.2017856240272522,
-0.0705668106675148,
-0.0551316998898983,
-0.0212436243891716,
0.1423136442899704,
0.4270833432674408,
-0.0244437325745821,
0.3353949785232544,
4.052734375,
0.3170844316482544,
0.2631564736366272,
0.0820753276348114,
-0.2861734926700592,
-0.013117472641170025,
0.1231553852558136,
-0.1489800363779068,
-0.03410932794213295,
-0.2084689736366272,
-0.1903483122587204,
0.1673516184091568,
-0.05866919457912445,
-0.3563368022441864,
0.0808868408203125,
0.521728515625,
0.5618218183517456,
0.1051432266831398,
0.467529296875,
0.310791015625,
-0.5064561367034912,
0.2239108681678772,
0.2218424528837204,
0.2997640073299408,
0.0642496719956398,
0.08230166882276535,
0.4116075336933136,
-0.3303152620792389,
0.06934145092964172,
0.2886284589767456,
0.3294270932674408,
-0.1641642302274704,
0.1628485769033432,
-0.09174961596727371,
-0.9480251669883728,
0.13461430370807648,
0.1348232626914978,
0.0978274866938591,
-0.1196356862783432,
0.1697726845741272,
-0.1862250417470932,
-0.1825120747089386,
0.2637532651424408,
0.2061225026845932,
0.1941053569316864,
-0.0804392471909523,
0.6326225996017456,
0.1481865793466568,
0.06358422338962555,
0.3644612729549408,
0.2970920205116272,
0.2611423134803772,
-0.0792219340801239,
-0.2582193911075592,
0.0838334858417511,
0.4367133378982544,
0.1428358256816864,
0.452392578125,
0.5314127802848816,
-0.4484320878982544,
0.3409695029258728,
-0.010082747787237167,
0.0877041295170784,
0.0140363909304142,
0.0515628382563591,
-0.08209770172834396,
-0.0422193743288517,
-0.0334506556391716,
-0.2294175922870636,
-0.12075551599264145,
0.4359910786151886,
0.3336317241191864,
0.3027614951133728,
-0.2080756276845932,
0.0681254044175148,
-0.3805609941482544,
-0.3075290322303772,
0.2196994423866272,
-0.07568952441215515,
0.0368923619389534,
0.20834435522556305,
-0.1515435129404068,
-0.048865001648664474,
0.2019992470741272,
-0.31982421875,
0.5702040195465088,
0.04948372393846512,
0.07836728543043137,
0.4253743588924408,
-0.2701822817325592,
0.3818901777267456,
0.2874755859375,
0.0646887868642807,
-0.0484992116689682,
-0.06479941308498383,
0.1343129426240921,
0.0537448450922966,
-3.981336832046509,
-0.13144101202487946,
0.0431840680539608,
-0.25,
0.1332363486289978,
0.1977810263633728,
0.011493046768009663,
0.5135362148284912,
-0.05023818463087082,
0.2531331479549408,
-0.4154188334941864,
0.1812065988779068,
0.054290771484375,
0.4618326723575592,
0.2746988832950592,
-0.0662299245595932,
0.0006857977714389563,
0.01548173651099205,
0.3452555239200592,
0.045989990234375,
0.3432074785232544,
0.5254448652267456,
0.3200141191482544,
-0.071990966796875,
-0.4945475161075592,
0.2456190288066864,
-0.0735982283949852,
-0.2373725026845932,
0.031352147459983826,
-0.014747407287359238,
0.12163373827934265,
-0.05711449682712555,
0.3120388388633728,
-0.2540554404258728,
-0.013300631195306778,
-0.2616712749004364,
0.6981337070465088,
0.3205769956111908,
0.4422200620174408,
0.2504476010799408,
-0.06607267260551453,
-0.1747233122587204,
0.2399359792470932,
0.058410219848155975,
0.1479695588350296,
0.2705213725566864,
-0.0809554010629654,
-0.098541259765625,
-0.4913330078125,
-0.006724993232637644,
0.4487575888633728,
0.2381049245595932,
0.04332897439599037,
0.2278984934091568,
0.7344834804534912,
-0.00846269354224205,
0.05319128930568695,
0.0626712366938591,
0.2031453400850296,
-0.0559488944709301,
0.10429468750953674,
-0.5681965947151184,
-0.1262986958026886,
0.2699652910232544,
0.2610744833946228,
-0.1182607039809227,
0.1946139931678772,
0.18597412109375,
0.044784970581531525,
-0.0175645612180233,
-0.06986745446920395,
0.1882069855928421,
0.01704092137515545,
-0.2611423134803772,
-0.2072821706533432,
0.5426161289215088,
-0.1568806916475296,
-0.1350301057100296,
0.7899848222732544,
0.5417209267616272,
-0.3377821147441864,
0.3131103515625,
-0.435546875,
0.7193467617034912,
2.399305582046509,
0.2302110493183136,
2.2424044609069824,
0.5877278447151184,
0.035837966948747635,
0.3342420756816864,
-0.10699462890625,
0.12288517504930496,
0.3730333149433136,
-0.0147560965269804,
-0.07639122009277344,
-0.008414162322878838,
0.06874847412109375,
0.3568250834941864,
0.13576847314834595,
-0.2507459819316864,
0.3696560263633728,
-0.93408203125,
0.04571957141160965,
-0.02274778112769127,
0.2960205078125,
-0.0458340123295784,
-0.1614549458026886,
0.149871826171875,
0.3488091230392456,
-0.2368706613779068,
-0.0871853306889534,
0.0016191271133720875,
0.1869947612285614,
-0.012911055237054825,
-0.16781742870807648,
0.2012057900428772,
0.0743560791015625,
-0.2071397602558136,
0.206298828125,
-0.1816084086894989,
0.3723551332950592,
4.70789909362793,
0.044400956481695175,
-0.2766927182674408,
0.2354465126991272,
0.267333984375,
0.3343777060508728,
0.6913520097732544,
-0.4066840410232544,
0.2393256276845932,
0.2433980256319046,
0.60546875,
0.3175320029258728,
-0.1639607697725296,
-0.0304836705327034,
0.41064453125,
0.3921440839767456,
-0.1863284707069397,
0.4549153745174408,
0.5886501669883728,
0.0742221400141716,
0.3904079794883728,
0.01872762106359005,
0.3968912661075592,
-0.2707655131816864,
-0.009244706481695175,
0.2183159738779068,
0.2342122346162796,
-0.4853651225566864,
-0.057453155517578125,
0.4068603515625,
0.5635036826133728,
5.477864742279053,
0.2169325053691864,
0.1489461213350296,
0.1191067174077034,
-0.3694118857383728,
0.0897199809551239,
0.1278567910194397,
0.1974758505821228,
-0.2004801481962204,
-0.023524655029177666,
0.04481251910328865,
-0.2246568500995636,
-0.0562201589345932,
0.2742597758769989,
-0.3685709536075592,
-0.1407894492149353,
-0.2146538645029068,
-0.1579250693321228,
0.1470998078584671,
-0.29638671875,
0.8539496660232544,
-0.1570315957069397,
0.04046397656202316,
-0.6075439453125,
-0.01850382424890995,
-0.6984049677848816,
-0.1842447966337204,
-0.0675625279545784,
-0.095184326171875,
0.2170545756816864,
0.4707845151424408,
0.2393934428691864,
0.2911376953125,
0.19122314453125,
-0.397216796875,
0.6370985507965088,
0.2425401508808136,
0.1088799387216568,
0.0329911969602108,
-0.2728271484375,
0.3159450888633728,
0.3041313886642456,
0.0573510080575943,
-0.27219679951667786,
-0.1894938200712204,
0.1358795166015625,
-0.2016465961933136,
-0.0028569963760674,
-0.043873175978660583,
0.0286593958735466,
0.0871242955327034,
0.08430396020412445,
1.0156792402267456,
0.2363416850566864,
-0.020813412964344025,
0.11273193359375,
-0.1983303427696228,
-0.1544596403837204,
-0.2050933837890625,
-0.6292317509651184,
0.3495144248008728,
0.06769731640815735,
-0.09665828198194504,
0.03891616314649582,
0.3434244692325592,
0.1534762978553772,
0.0371653251349926,
-0.1526421457529068,
0.5108778476715088,
-0.1577555388212204,
0.017482545226812363,
0.1664767861366272,
-0.13971032202243805,
0.3035210371017456,
-0.0588514544069767,
0.0512118861079216,
0.1620754599571228,
-0.3655056357383728,
0.08308664709329605,
-0.01154242642223835,
-0.08008236438035965,
0.03158452734351158,
-0.2973904013633728,
0.15308040380477905,
-0.06744638830423355,
-0.2831760048866272,
-0.4652777910232544,
-0.0437723807990551,
0.3558620810508728,
-0.01903279684484005,
0.4240451455116272,
0.1976047158241272,
-0.2767266035079956,
0.6267361044883728,
0.0336964912712574,
-0.02716912142932415,
-0.3313564658164978,
0.3007676899433136,
0.4513888955116272,
0.2769232988357544,
-0.4278293251991272,
0.1479559987783432,
0.5189616084098816,
0.0046895346604287624,
0.0985785573720932,
-0.2420247346162796,
0.3318345844745636,
0.1739908903837204,
-0.2766927182674408,
0.2342393696308136,
0.4421115517616272,
0.4689127504825592,
-0.1834954172372818,
-0.1126336008310318,
0.2906358540058136
] |
2154
|
How is Fibromyalgia caused?
|
[
{
"docid": "318049#0",
"text": "Fibromyalgia (FM) is a medical condition characterised by chronic widespread pain and a heightened pain response to pressure. Other symptoms include tiredness to a degree that normal activities are affected, sleep problems and troubles with memory. Some people also report restless legs syndrome, bowel or bladder problems, numbness and tingling and sensitivity to noise, lights or temperature. Fibromyalgia is frequently associated with depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Other types of chronic pain are also frequently present.\nThe cause of fibromyalgia is unknown; however, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with each playing a substantial role. The condition runs in families and many genes are believed to be involved. Environmental factors may include psychological stress, trauma and certain infections. The pain appears to result from processes in the central nervous system and the condition is referred to as a \"central sensitization syndrome\". Fibromyalgia is recognized as a disorder by the US National Institutes of Health and the American College of Rheumatology. There is no specific diagnostic test. Diagnosis involves first ruling out other potential causes and verifying that a set number of symptoms are present.\nThe treatment of fibromyalgia can be difficult. Recommendations often include getting enough sleep, exercising regularly and eating a healthy diet. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may also be helpful. The medications duloxetine, milnacipran or pregabalin may be used. Use of opioid pain medication is controversial, with some stating their use is poorly supported by evidence and others saying that weak opioids may be reasonable if other medications are not effective. Dietary supplements lack evidence to support their use. While fibromyalgia can last a long time, it does not result in death or tissue damage.\nFibromyalgia is estimated to affect 2–8% of the population. Women are affected about twice as often as men. Rates appear similar in different areas of the world and among different cultures. Fibromyalgia was first defined in 1990, with updated criteria in 2011. There is controversy about the classification, diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia. While some feel the diagnosis of fibromyalgia may negatively affect a person, other research finds it to be beneficial. The term \"fibromyalgia\" is from New Latin \"fibro-\", meaning \"fibrous tissues\", Greek μυώ \"myo-\", \"muscle\", and Greek άλγος \"algos\", \"pain\"; thus, the term literally means \"muscle and fibrous connective tissue pain\".\nFibromyalgia is classed as a disorder of pain processing due to abnormalities in how pain signals are processed in the central nervous system. The American College of Rheumatology classifies fibromyalgia as being a functional somatic syndrome. The expert committee of the European League Against Rheumatism classifies fibromyalgia as a neurobiological disorder and as a result exclusively give pharmacotherapy their highest level of support. The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) lists fibromyalgia as a diagnosable disease under \"Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue,\" under the code M79-7, and states that fibromyalgia syndrome should be classified as a functional somatic syndrome rather than a mental disorder. Although mental disorders and some physical disorders commonly are co-morbid with fibromyalgia – especially anxiety, depression, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome – the ICD states that these should be diagnosed separately.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#4",
"text": "The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown. However, several hypotheses have been developed including \"central sensitization\". This theory proposes that people with fibromyalgia have a lower threshold for pain because of increased reactivity of pain-sensitive nerve cells in the spinal cord or brain. Neuropathic pain and major depressive disorder often co-occur with fibromyalgia – the reason for this comorbidity appears to be due to shared genetic abnormalities, which leads to impairments in monoaminergic, glutamatergic, neurotrophic, opioid and proinflammatory cytokine signaling. In these vulnerable individuals, psychological stress or illness can cause abnormalities in inflammatory and stress pathways which regulate mood and pain. Eventually, a sensitization and kindling effect occur in certain neurons leading to the establishment of fibromyalgia and sometimes a mood disorder. The evidence suggests that the pain in fibromyalgia results primarily from pain processing pathways functioning abnormally. In simple terms, it can be described as the volume of the neurons being set too high and this hyper-excitability of pain processing pathways and under-activity of inhibitory pain pathways in the brain results in the affected individual experiencing pain. Some neurochemical abnormalities that occur in fibromyalgia also regulate mood, sleep, and energy, thus explaining why mood, sleep, and fatigue problems are commonly co-morbid with fibromyalgia.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "1221516#14",
"text": "Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood pain condition. Lactulose breath testing has shown that patients with fibromyalgia have a more pronounced degree of abnormal results compared to both IBS patients and the general population. This study also demonstrated positive correlation between the amount of pain and the degree of abnormality on the breath test. A subsequent study also demonstrated increased prevalence of intestinal hyperpermeability, which some believe occurs commonly with SIBO. One study showed that nearly all fibromyalgia sufferers have unidentified airway constriction during sleep in the form of Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS)--which is known to cause similar symptoms to fibromyalgia. One explanation being that it results from airway inflammation (as indicated by high Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TnF-A) readings) caused directly or indirectly by SIBO and/or altered intestinal permeability. More research into this possible link is needed.",
"title": "Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth"
},
{
"docid": "318049#50",
"text": "Fibromyalgia was defined relatively recently. It continues to be a disputed diagnosis. Dr. Frederick Wolfe, lead author of the 1990 paper that first defined the diagnostic guidelines for fibromyalgia, stated in 2008 that he believed it \"clearly\" not to be a disease but instead a physical response to depression and stress. In 2013 Wolfe added that its causes \"are controversial in a sense\" and \"there are many factors that produce these symptoms – some are psychological and some are physical and it does exist on a continuum\".",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#20",
"text": "People referred to rheumatologists may incorrectly receive a diagnosis of fibromyalgia in up to two thirds of cases. Certain systemic, inflammatory, endocrine, rheumatic, infectious, and neurologic disorders may cause fibromyalgia-like symptoms, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, hypothyroidism, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic-related polyenthesitis, hepatitis C, peripheral neuropathies, entrapment syndromes (such as carpal tunnel syndrome), multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. The differential diagnosis is made during the evaluation on the basis of the person's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory investigations.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#52",
"text": "Neurologists and pain specialists tend to view fibromyalgia as a pathology due to dysfunction of muscles and connective tissue as well as functional abnormalities in the central nervous system. Rheumatologists define the syndrome in the context of \"central sensitization\" – heightened brain response to normal stimuli in the absence of disorders of the muscles, joints, or connective tissues. On the other hand, psychiatrists often view fibromyalgia as a type of affective disorder, whereas specialists in psychosomatic medicine tend to view fibromyalgia as being a somatic symptom disorder. These controversies do not engage healthcare specialists alone; some patients object to fibromyalgia being described in purely somatic terms. There is extensive research evidence to support the view that the central symptom of fibromyalgia, namely pain, has a neurogenic origin, though this is consistent in both views.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#6",
"text": "Stress may be an important precipitating factor in the development of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is frequently comorbid with stress-related disorders such as chronic fatigue syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, irritable bowel syndrome and depression. A systematic review found significant association between fibromyalgia and physical and sexual abuse in both childhood and adulthood, although the quality of studies was poor. Poor lifestyles including being a smoker, obesity and lack of physical activity may increase the risk of an individual developing fibromyalgia. A meta analysis found psychological trauma to be associated with FM, although not as strongly as in chronic fatigue syndrome.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#12",
"text": "Abnormalities in the ascending and descending pathways involved in processing pain have been observed in fibromyalgia. 50% less stimulus is needed to evoke pain in those with fibromyalgia. A proposed mechanism for chronic pain is sensitization of secondary pain neurons mediated by increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by glial cells. Inconsistent reports of decreased serum and CSF values of serotonin have been observed. There is also some data that suggests altered dopaminergic and noradrenergic signaling in fibromyalgia. Supporting the monoamine related theories is the efficacy of monoaminergic antidepressants in fibromyalgia.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#5",
"text": "A mode of inheritance is currently unknown, but it is most probably polygenic. Research has also demonstrated that fibromyalgia is potentially associated with polymorphisms of genes in the serotoninergic, dopaminergic and catecholaminergic systems. However, these polymorphisms are not specific for fibromyalgia and are associated with a variety of allied disorders (e.g. chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome) and with depression. Individuals with the 5-HT2A receptor 102T/C polymorphism have been found to be at increased risk of developing fibromyalgia.",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
},
{
"docid": "318049#17",
"text": "Overlaps have been drawn between sickness behavior, chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. One study found increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in fibromyalgia, which may increase sensitivity to pain, and contribute to mood problems. Increased levels of IL-1RA, Interleukin 6 and Interleukin 8 have been found. Neurogenic inflammation has been proposed as a contributing factor to fibromyalgia. A systematic review found most cytokines levels were similar in patients and controls, except for IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6 and IL-8",
"title": "Fibromyalgia"
}
] |
[] |
[
0.24508056044578552,
0.03441162034869194,
-0.205291748046875,
0.1087493896484375,
0.05074463039636612,
-0.0030090331565588713,
0.2735595703125,
-0.379150390625,
0.15997314453125,
0.3390869200229645,
-0.3785904049873352,
-0.22757568955421448,
0.0421268455684185,
0.583325207233429,
-0.20356139540672302,
0.2926879823207855,
0.28270262479782104,
-0.20894774794578552,
-0.26768189668655396,
0.253814697265625,
0.26795655488967896,
0.070526123046875,
0.2883544862270355,
-0.11150207370519638,
0.04030151292681694,
-0.27197265625,
-0.12493286281824112,
0.13027343153953552,
0.30792236328125,
0.49284666776657104,
0.584179699420929,
-0.150604248046875,
-0.1002197265625,
0.5893615484237671,
-0.33674317598342896,
0.33244627714157104,
0.09537448734045029,
-0.2621215879917145,
-0.1902618408203125,
0.2787109315395355,
0.18046264350414276,
-0.021929645910859108,
0.017574500292539597,
-0.16766968369483948,
0.585034191608429,
0.28284913301467896,
0.34710389375686646,
0.24434813857078552,
-0.04921264573931694,
0.13780517876148224,
-0.17645874619483948,
0.09644317626953125,
-0.04164133220911026,
0.00937042199075222,
-0.18384703993797302,
0.5189453363418579,
0.0005256652948446572,
0.3821655213832855,
0.1214088425040245,
-0.07252655178308487,
0.16824951767921448,
-0.007561302278190851,
-0.41547852754592896,
0.1261444091796875,
-0.2685485780239105,
0.19584961235523224,
-0.04849548265337944,
0.2510742247104645,
0.3948913514614105,
0.43559569120407104,
0.16905517876148224,
0.7599121332168579,
0.381591796875,
0.102808378636837,
-0.2211933135986328,
-0.5384277105331421,
-0.22695311903953552,
0.07495727390050888,
0.04168548434972763,
-0.30040282011032104,
0.39433592557907104,
-0.3578124940395355,
0.15965576469898224,
0.762402355670929,
-0.0752069503068924,
0.32392579317092896,
0.2830566465854645,
0.190643310546875,
-0.11430587619543076,
0.47883301973342896,
-0.32518309354782104,
0.03455810621380806,
-0.02886810339987278,
-0.20233154296875,
-0.0659889206290245,
-0.4659179747104645,
0.3510498106479645,
0.05610046535730362,
0.31822508573532104,
-0.06953735649585724,
0.06485939025878906,
-0.13965454697608948,
0.4618896543979645,
0.021975994110107422,
0.3563232421875,
-0.44230955839157104,
0.09932708740234375,
-0.00893325824290514,
0.11296844482421875,
0.2793945372104645,
0.29017335176467896,
-0.50048828125,
-0.3691772520542145,
-0.2389823943376541,
0.06111755222082138,
0.620800793170929,
0.45756834745407104,
-0.28168946504592896,
-0.1727348268032074,
-0.6446533203125,
0.2615966796875,
0.14365005493164062,
-0.2704101502895355,
0.10242309421300888,
-0.20177917182445526,
0.2514892518520355,
0.694531261920929,
-0.024321556091308594,
0.6429443359375,
0.4045166075229645,
0.161407470703125,
0.09817676246166229,
0.051926422864198685,
0.7293945550918579,
0.2855285704135895,
0.327850341796875,
0.24396972358226776,
-0.08569641411304474,
0.04671631008386612,
-0.23143310844898224,
-0.044891357421875,
-0.5036376714706421,
-0.19071578979492188,
0.48103028535842896,
0.0142364501953125,
0.568530261516571,
-0.14054565131664276,
0.48259276151657104,
-0.10099200904369354,
0.3240112364292145,
0.21419373154640198,
0.3689331114292145,
-0.12739868462085724,
0.47065430879592896,
0.21784058213233948,
0.06367339938879013,
0.17657470703125,
0.247314453125,
0.2668518126010895,
0.06353149563074112,
0.7406005859375,
0.4046874940395355,
-0.20867614448070526,
-0.2227325439453125,
0.558441162109375,
0.3501953184604645,
-0.12079467624425888,
0.29937744140625,
0.575488269329071,
-0.1506519317626953,
-0.20700378715991974,
0.27863770723342896,
0.4387451112270355,
-0.05943908542394638,
0.2542724609375,
0.17456665635108948,
0.14374999701976776,
0.2396240234375,
-0.19672851264476776,
0.05662841722369194,
0.19474487006664276,
0.36668699979782104,
0.28315430879592896,
0.12218628078699112,
0.628857433795929,
0.373779296875,
0.2206573486328125,
0.34978026151657104,
-0.1661376953125,
0.008952331729233265,
-0.028698349371552467,
0.09934234619140625,
0.47412109375,
-0.0031066895462572575,
-0.059439849108457565,
0.2754562497138977,
-0.3946899473667145,
0.17054443061351776,
-0.17056579887866974,
0.025267791002988815,
-0.04312743991613388,
0.017292166128754616,
-0.47187501192092896,
-0.06549987941980362,
0.17772217094898224,
-0.15911713242530823,
-0.0058609009720385075,
0.2741455137729645,
-0.06887741386890411,
-0.01812744140625,
-0.25591737031936646,
-0.031362056732177734,
0.624072253704071,
0.1841564178466797,
-0.07080993801355362,
0.27604979276657104,
-0.3417907655239105,
-0.2081504762172699,
0.42662352323532104,
0.33952635526657104,
-0.25762939453125,
0.2579101622104645,
0.14360351860523224,
-0.5569092035293579,
0.18256835639476776,
-0.31577759981155396,
0.25633543729782104,
-0.04381408542394638,
0.10864029079675674,
0.12548217177391052,
0.20904846489429474,
-0.21956786513328552,
0.14002685248851776,
-0.15294227004051208,
0.2837280333042145,
0.28660887479782104,
0.02888030931353569,
-0.23934325575828552,
-0.513745129108429,
0.148834228515625,
0.10724449157714844,
0.06922836601734161,
0.0032379149924963713,
0.05180053785443306,
0.3905029296875,
-0.22955322265625,
0.28117674589157104,
-0.025418853387236595,
0.027886008843779564,
-0.23400267958641052,
0.048395536839962006,
-0.11828384548425674,
0.07876205444335938,
0.3118896484375,
-0.03602466732263565,
0.1350807249546051,
-0.032845307141542435,
0.15195313096046448,
0.08568725734949112,
0.17637939751148224,
0.3208984434604645,
0.11915893852710724,
0.23662109673023224,
0.019516563042998314,
-0.23237915337085724,
0.15332870185375214,
0.09758682548999786,
0.4993896484375,
-0.12014160305261612,
0.30693358182907104,
-0.05712737888097763,
-0.4828857481479645,
0.31268310546875,
0.24503174424171448,
-0.28767091035842896,
0.29595947265625,
0.609619140625,
0.3543701171875,
-0.37690430879592896,
-0.12963104248046875,
0.13494873046875,
0.08620605617761612,
-0.20075683295726776,
0.30754393339157104,
-0.17353801429271698,
0.07962341606616974,
0.12673644721508026,
-0.2022705078125,
-0.42277830839157104,
0.3270019590854645,
0.09700050204992294,
0.42106932401657104,
-0.06254711002111435,
-0.607177734375,
-0.03504638746380806,
-0.01683959923684597,
-0.04474944993853569,
0.3498779237270355,
0.46149903535842896,
0.09535064548254013,
0.647656261920929,
-0.668652355670929,
0.24472656846046448,
0.4040588438510895,
0.09316520392894745,
-0.19505615532398224,
-0.3350158631801605,
0.10364322364330292,
-0.05420532077550888,
0.26347655057907104,
0.4758544862270355,
-0.21695557236671448,
-0.03845405578613281,
0.500537097454071,
0.3404296934604645,
0.1818191558122635,
0.41630858182907104,
0.08810119330883026,
0.9325195550918579,
0.17536620795726776,
-0.22733230888843536,
-0.2983154356479645,
-0.3946777284145355,
-0.011792754754424095,
-0.009908676147460938,
-0.5145508050918579,
0.2995971739292145,
-0.2899414002895355,
0.04366760328412056,
-0.23846435546875,
0.45878297090530396,
0.12287521362304688,
0.15790767967700958,
0.06643295288085938,
-0.1453777253627777,
0.19316406548023224,
0.09121227264404297,
0.4217285215854645,
-0.16599121689796448,
-0.04735107347369194,
0.06049499660730362,
-0.03427734225988388,
-0.2599853575229645,
0.34709471464157104,
0.25794219970703125,
0.08064041286706924,
0.06436924636363983,
0.4162963926792145,
0.38505858182907104,
-0.37286376953125,
0.02664794959127903,
-0.0256955623626709,
0.00494384765625,
-0.39030760526657104,
-0.18167725205421448,
0.02856903150677681,
0.3588012754917145,
0.3185668885707855,
0.5234619379043579,
-0.15878601372241974,
0.4330078065395355,
-0.21387939155101776,
-0.16745606064796448,
0.0105133056640625,
0.0632651299238205,
0.19092102348804474,
-0.1284027099609375,
0.11786651611328125,
0.5059570074081421,
-0.42377930879592896,
0.042055509984493256,
0.0015106201171875,
-0.14359131455421448,
0.04789581149816513,
-0.22708740830421448,
-0.30926513671875,
-0.09979381412267685,
0.4297119081020355,
0.5452880859375,
0.31243896484375,
0.23692016303539276,
0.45039063692092896,
0.3523803651332855,
-0.3227294981479645,
0.0034240721724927425,
-0.0665077194571495,
0.016833877190947533,
0.14716796576976776,
0.012743378058075905,
-0.37641602754592896,
0.15413054823875427,
-0.21855469048023224,
0.47430419921875,
0.16995850205421448,
-0.22393187880516052,
-0.09437961876392365,
-0.28913575410842896,
0.032241057604551315,
0.4300781190395355,
-0.14421387016773224,
-0.23236083984375,
0.13069763779640198,
0.2860961854457855,
0.2982116639614105,
4.199999809265137,
0.18901367485523224,
0.17853394150733948,
-0.16993407905101776,
-0.19938965141773224,
0.21442870795726776,
0.12180175632238388,
-0.2785705626010895,
-0.1352691650390625,
-0.0976104736328125,
-0.08858032524585724,
-0.24980469048023224,
-0.11408386379480362,
0.291778564453125,
-0.1973876953125,
0.26605224609375,
0.08952637016773224,
0.5210937261581421,
-0.028337860479950905,
0.26298826932907104,
-0.673632800579071,
0.5755615234375,
-0.10264740139245987,
-0.22274628281593323,
0.4491210877895355,
0.14841079711914062,
0.694042980670929,
0.318115234375,
0.5521484613418579,
0.620556652545929,
0.3223510682582855,
-0.030719757080078125,
-0.20819091796875,
0.130615234375,
-0.4797119200229645,
0.60205078125,
0.583447277545929,
-0.10211791843175888,
-0.21859130263328552,
0.07799968868494034,
-0.20277710258960724,
0.16255302727222443,
0.563159167766571,
0.45610350370407104,
-0.41984862089157104,
0.009529495611786842,
0.3985839784145355,
0.26301270723342896,
0.2885681092739105,
0.37608641386032104,
0.36967772245407104,
-0.15118408203125,
-0.014570427127182484,
-0.28759765625,
0.5943847894668579,
0.581347644329071,
-0.02482452429831028,
0.1144866943359375,
-0.187744140625,
0.1474655121564865,
0.10958252102136612,
-0.01934051513671875,
-0.3227600157260895,
-0.16196899116039276,
-0.2421875,
0.114501953125,
0.37774658203125,
0.04532623291015625,
0.5022948980331421,
-0.4183349609375,
0.523193359375,
0.4012451171875,
0.37274169921875,
-0.4488769471645355,
0.35039061307907104,
-0.17275580763816833,
-0.04270897060632706,
0.4472900331020355,
0.26673585176467896,
0.17540892958641052,
0.2916198670864105,
-0.25963133573532104,
-0.09713439643383026,
0.37482911348342896,
-0.08856811374425888,
0.649707019329071,
0.19468994438648224,
-0.45039063692092896,
0.5882323980331421,
0.06819305568933487,
0.173309326171875,
-0.25020140409469604,
0.10580291599035263,
0.293853759765625,
0.11040496826171875,
0.17231139540672302,
-0.22998046875,
-4.005273342132568,
0.1694183349609375,
0.2986083924770355,
-0.002369499299675226,
-0.01180419884622097,
0.1928611695766449,
0.23890380561351776,
0.3612609803676605,
-0.35877686738967896,
-0.1353527009487152,
-0.4775390625,
0.06717757880687714,
-0.05863036960363388,
0.25760573148727417,
0.2761474549770355,
0.40290528535842896,
0.3106140196323395,
0.05498504638671875,
0.38225096464157104,
-0.2894531190395355,
0.10045471042394638,
0.24024124443531036,
0.16155394911766052,
-0.4932861328125,
0.02711639367043972,
0.24831542372703552,
0.3611206114292145,
-0.2874999940395355,
0.11881408840417862,
0.17525634169578552,
-0.088134765625,
0.04944152757525444,
0.4610351622104645,
-0.13131408393383026,
-0.14409485459327698,
0.41943359375,
0.26754456758499146,
-0.017702484503388405,
-0.012491608038544655,
0.17737960815429688,
0.03838958591222763,
0.2751266360282898,
0.2626953125,
-0.18621063232421875,
-0.09500427544116974,
-0.06488807499408722,
-0.5203613042831421,
0.24141845107078552,
-0.08689117431640625,
-0.32573240995407104,
0.45317381620407104,
-0.11694946140050888,
0.22067871689796448,
0.05243987962603569,
0.732861340045929,
0.38951414823532104,
0.2934814393520355,
0.21832275390625,
0.3562377989292145,
0.28466796875,
0.270263671875,
0.19312743842601776,
0.28822022676467896,
-0.1949462890625,
0.4400878846645355,
-0.22245483100414276,
0.33662110567092896,
0.6329590082168579,
0.08905334770679474,
-0.16565856337547302,
-0.12816771864891052,
0.17295531928539276,
0.19090576469898224,
0.23765869438648224,
0.20798949897289276,
-0.0026760101318359375,
-0.22349853813648224,
0.07699141651391983,
0.213134765625,
0.202178955078125,
-0.18563231825828552,
0.1832427978515625,
-0.25465089082717896,
0.2533813416957855,
2.3963866233825684,
0.13485869765281677,
2.083691358566284,
0.32329100370407104,
-0.21707458794116974,
0.4251953065395355,
-0.13504333794116974,
0.3005615174770355,
0.07717742770910263,
0.09004516899585724,
-0.11692323535680771,
-0.07587280124425888,
0.2812255918979645,
-0.005990505218505859,
-0.18969115614891052,
-0.12028370052576065,
0.4794677793979645,
-1.120361328125,
0.22698974609375,
-0.28062134981155396,
0.10949096828699112,
-0.3281616270542145,
-0.34815675020217896,
0.18611450493335724,
-0.02377014234662056,
0.1964111328125,
-0.1014251708984375,
0.17201384902000427,
-0.049272917211055756,
-0.3067382872104645,
0.20208358764648438,
0.6702880859375,
0.21936646103858948,
-0.17926940321922302,
-0.048378754407167435,
0.19854736328125,
-0.018470382317900658,
4.696484565734863,
-0.012398910708725452,
-0.18941649794578552,
0.03249969333410263,
0.3188110291957855,
0.17895202338695526,
0.27336424589157104,
-0.03756671026349068,
-0.046671248972415924,
0.3297363221645355,
-0.06965865939855576,
-0.13543280959129333,
-0.14759978652000427,
-0.25849610567092896,
0.16741332411766052,
-0.02113952673971653,
-0.10537715256214142,
-0.056513212621212006,
0.16075286269187927,
0.269134521484375,
0.19561767578125,
0.24057617783546448,
0.3393310606479645,
0.08606262505054474,
-0.20658569037914276,
-0.17460937798023224,
-0.1173059493303299,
-0.16830749809741974,
-0.047391511499881744,
0.2362060546875,
0.38581544160842896,
5.456250190734863,
-0.32723695039749146,
0.012624358758330345,
0.005680656526237726,
-0.04512481763958931,
0.23345947265625,
-0.03188781812787056,
0.4021240174770355,
-0.2791992127895355,
-0.21040649712085724,
-0.0062049864791333675,
0.16123351454734802,
0.015975188463926315,
0.09273910522460938,
-0.14507141709327698,
-0.14053192734718323,
-0.2979980409145355,
-0.25785523653030396,
0.1341705322265625,
-0.02591400220990181,
0.358306884765625,
-0.15245361626148224,
0.40168458223342896,
-0.24531249701976776,
-0.00942306499928236,
0.1749267578125,
0.16836853325366974,
0.2389984130859375,
0.02503051795065403,
-0.19826659560203552,
0.24714355170726776,
0.19232788681983948,
-0.27430421113967896,
0.30272215604782104,
0.12153320014476776,
0.0568695068359375,
0.2576049864292145,
0.3680419921875,
0.07753296196460724,
-0.2293701171875,
0.4184326231479645,
0.04809684678912163,
0.197174072265625,
-0.042847443372011185,
-0.2767700254917145,
-0.24644164741039276,
0.08412418514490128,
-0.21883544325828552,
0.05699748918414116,
0.012414169497787952,
0.10031738132238388,
-0.08477973937988281,
1.096289038658142,
0.504547119140625,
0.3344360291957855,
0.3680175840854645,
0.07443924248218536,
-0.426025390625,
0.14475861191749573,
-0.01929321326315403,
0.5583740472793579,
0.07911358028650284,
-0.22315673530101776,
0.4488281309604645,
0.40754395723342896,
0.25746458768844604,
0.46186524629592896,
-0.11501464992761612,
0.47607421875,
-0.291046142578125,
0.34821778535842896,
0.37261962890625,
-0.04812431335449219,
-0.233103945851326,
0.02942810021340847,
0.08539047092199326,
0.4944091737270355,
-0.15175780653953552,
0.09462623298168182,
-0.154560849070549,
-0.4126953184604645,
-0.3102783262729645,
-0.23743896186351776,
0.0028408051002770662,
0.28338623046875,
-0.10667534172534943,
0.07803650200366974,
-0.122955322265625,
0.37305909395217896,
-0.19355468451976776,
0.3909668028354645,
-0.14421387016773224,
-0.3747314512729645,
0.146205335855484,
0.04668750613927841,
0.482177734375,
0.205158993601799,
0.579174816608429,
-0.0739593505859375,
-0.18159905076026917,
0.05571441724896431,
0.35881346464157104,
0.08481750637292862,
-0.24317626655101776,
0.23414306342601776,
0.12783479690551758,
0.534423828125,
-0.3187805116176605,
0.2800842225551605,
0.12328796088695526,
0.721923828125,
0.3732666075229645,
-0.5639892816543579,
-0.11379699409008026,
-0.3182617127895355
] |
2155
|
Is New York a death penalty state?
|
[
{
"docid": "25563622#1",
"text": "In June 2004, the state's highest court ruled in \"People v. LaValle\" that the state's death penalty statute violated the state constitution, and New York has had an effective moratorium on capital punishment since then. Subsequent legislative attempts at fixing or replacing the statute have failed, and in 2008 then-Governor David Paterson issued an executive order disestablishing New York's death row. Legislative efforts to amend the statute have failed, and death sentences are no longer sought at the state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the federal death penalty.",
"title": "Capital punishment in New York"
},
{
"docid": "3278380#38",
"text": "In 2012, a couple of American elected officials and office-seekers have suggested that Singapore's success in combating drug abuse should be examined as a model for the United States. Michael Bloomberg, a former Mayor of New York City, said that the United States could learn a thing or two from nations like Singapore when it came to drug trafficking, noting that \"executing a handful of people saves thousands and thousands of lives.\" The last execution in New York took place in 1963. Several courts have ruled that the death penalty violates the New York Constitution (see \"People v. LaValle\"). In 2007, the state of New York abolished the death penalty. 20 states, plus Washington D.C., have abolished the death penalty, with the most recent being Washington state in 2018. However, certain states, such as Texas, still have similar or even higher rates of execution than Singapore.",
"title": "Capital punishment in Singapore"
},
{
"docid": "25563622#21",
"text": "In 2005, supporters of the death penalty in the New York Legislature passed a bill restoring New York's death penalty in the Republican-controlled State Senate, but the legislation was voted down by a legislative committee in the Democratic-controlled New York Assembly, and was not enacted into law.",
"title": "Capital punishment in New York"
},
{
"docid": "5196437#0",
"text": "People v. LaValle, 3 N.Y.3d 88 (2004), was a landmark decision by the New York Court of Appeals, the highest court in the U.S. state of New York, in which the court ruled that the state's death penalty statute was unconstitutional because of the statute's direction on how the jury was to be instructed in case of deadlock. New York has since been without the death penalty, as the law has not been amended.",
"title": "People v. LaValle"
},
{
"docid": "3306026#4",
"text": "Bruno, along with Governor George Pataki and Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver, was instrumental in returning the death penalty to New York State in 1995. The New York Court of Appeals (the highest state court in New York) later found the law to be unconstitutional because it gave jurors deadlocked between life without parole and execution no choice but to give eligibility for parole after 25 years; the Court of Appeals feared that jurors faced with this choice would unfairly lean toward a death sentence. In the 10 years after the law was passed, New York's crime rate plummeted without ever seeing an execution, perhaps weakening public support for the death penalty. Silver let the law die in 2005 without much debate.",
"title": "Joseph Bruno"
},
{
"docid": "12361553#4",
"text": "Mays would become the last person to be executed by \"Old Sparky\", New York State's electric chair at Sing Sing prison. The State Electrician was Dow Hover. The electric chair had been the sole method of execution in the State since 1890 (hanging had been abolished in 1888). In 1965, the State of New York repealed the death penalty, except for cases involving the murder of a police officer. Although the legislature never fully repealed the death penalty statute, and the state even expanded it in 1995, there were no further executions because of rulings by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1972 and the New York Court of Appeals in 2004.",
"title": "Eddie Lee Mays"
},
{
"docid": "204334#34",
"text": "Polls showed that the majority of New Yorkers wanted the state's death penalty laws restored. A bill to restore the death penalty passed the Legislature several years in a row, only to be vetoed by Mario Cuomo. Pataki made the issue a top priority of his and when the bill reached his desk he signed it into law in 1995. The state's Court of Appeals later ruled the death penalty unconstitutional in the form in which it was written (in the case of People v. LaValle), and the State Legislature has not passed a bill to restore it in a new form. During Pataki's 12 years as governor, not a single person was executed in New York State.",
"title": "George Pataki"
},
{
"docid": "8210131#94",
"text": "Capital punishment was reintroduced in 1995 under the Pataki administration, but the statute was declared unconstitutional in 2004, when the New York Court of Appeals ruled in \"People v. LaValle\" that it violated the state constitution. The remaining death sentence was commuted by the court to life imprisonment in 2007, in \"People v. John Taylor\", and the death row was disestablished in 2008, under executive order from Governor Paterson. No execution has taken place in New York since 1963. Legislative efforts to amend the statute have failed, and death sentences are no longer sought at the state level, though certain crimes that fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government are subject to the federal death penalty.",
"title": "New York (state)"
},
{
"docid": "6618952#15",
"text": "New York State correction officers have peace officer status under . This authorizes them:Prior to the 2008 repeal of the death penalty, the male death row was at the Clinton Correctional Facility and the female death row was at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility. On October 23, 2007, the New York Court of Appeals ruled in the case \"People v. John Taylor\" that the last death sentence must be dismissed based on a previous ruling in the case \"People v. LaValle\".",
"title": "New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1940701#25",
"text": "New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty\nThe New Yorkers Against the Death Penalty (NYADP) is a grassroots organization formed in 1992 that advocates through education to abolish capital punishment. It has local chapters in Albany, Buffalo, Ithaca, Long Island, Mid-Hudson, Nassau County, New York City, Rochester, Syracuse, and Westchester. In 2007, the NYADP was successful in gaining abolition of the death penalty by the state legislature. Most of the bill's supporters wanted to establish a sentence of life without parole as the alternative. The NYADP has stated that they have revamped their mission statement to bring together victims, law enforcement, advocates for the mentally ill, restorative justice practitioners, and families of the incarcerated, around policies that address needs and reduce the likelihood of violent crime.\nWashington Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty\nThe Washington Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (WCADP) aspires to abolish the death penalty by educating, advocating, and informing the public as well as political leaders. WCADP publishes newsletters, supports Washington's death row inmates, organizes activities that are anti-death penalty, and works with the media to gain coverage on the cause.",
"title": "National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty"
}
] |
[
0.47087401151657104,
0.03096017800271511,
-0.07552146911621094,
-0.03398619964718819,
0.08721618354320526,
-0.056676704436540604,
0.553515613079071,
-0.3598876893520355,
0.3565917909145355,
0.14849695563316345,
-0.15915222465991974,
-0.30986326932907104,
-0.07258186489343643,
0.06299400329589844,
-0.05074463039636612,
-0.20733948051929474,
0.4616943299770355,
-0.08215942233800888,
0.17353209853172302,
0.09679412841796875,
-0.580395519733429,
0.046021223068237305,
0.04388885572552681,
0.13256224989891052,
0.35566407442092896,
0.048858642578125,
-0.34979248046875,
0.3626342713832855,
-0.1908721923828125,
0.16313476860523224,
0.17370453476905823,
0.09153155982494354,
0.14259032905101776,
0.567004382610321,
-0.2720596194267273,
0.179443359375,
-0.36536866426467896,
0.03203430026769638,
0.12434692680835724,
0.01877899095416069,
0.1030067428946495,
0.19041137397289276,
0.44938963651657104,
0.18400268256664276,
0.13203124701976776,
0.5820556879043579,
-0.1691265106201172,
0.16063538193702698,
-0.13761720061302185,
0.18269042670726776,
-0.25958251953125,
0.00362396240234375,
-0.0207977294921875,
-0.199127197265625,
-0.6614013910293579,
0.6839599609375,
-0.4269775450229645,
0.346923828125,
0.020834732800722122,
-0.15102997422218323,
0.5683838129043579,
-0.06989593803882599,
-0.24853515625,
0.035527803003787994,
0.275918573141098,
-0.12598514556884766,
-0.17066650092601776,
0.32734984159469604,
0.19237670302391052,
0.270069420337677,
-0.01739959791302681,
0.387490838766098,
0.4099365174770355,
-0.36785888671875,
-0.20263671875,
-0.3748535215854645,
-0.07429923862218857,
0.143299862742424,
0.35308837890625,
-0.256643682718277,
0.32802122831344604,
-0.11192097514867783,
0.03568115085363388,
0.22894287109375,
0.3116210997104645,
0.22177734971046448,
-0.053497008979320526,
-0.20267944037914276,
0.029914092272520065,
0.39372557401657104,
-0.153065487742424,
0.46037596464157104,
0.24503783881664276,
0.16219162940979004,
0.02074890211224556,
0.3661254942417145,
0.272186279296875,
-0.38676756620407104,
0.36993408203125,
-0.18204955756664276,
-0.0060974122025072575,
-0.08869781345129013,
-0.14969787001609802,
0.696093738079071,
0.12430572509765625,
-0.36981201171875,
-0.4027099609375,
0.43644410371780396,
0.2693634033203125,
0.07014694064855576,
0.0763397216796875,
-0.09885291755199432,
0.11005401611328125,
0.03719482570886612,
-0.3991943299770355,
0.08789549022912979,
0.231903076171875,
0.08377227932214737,
-0.16898803412914276,
-0.844042956829071,
0.01468810997903347,
0.39848631620407104,
-0.1711982786655426,
-0.0916290283203125,
-0.35651856660842896,
-0.0398406982421875,
0.509448230266571,
-0.11990966647863388,
0.62255859375,
0.5281006097793579,
0.05147705227136612,
0.3680664002895355,
-0.05169219896197319,
0.731201171875,
0.258148193359375,
-0.12344131618738174,
0.2746826112270355,
-0.5779052972793579,
0.05937652662396431,
-0.33131712675094604,
0.3523620665073395,
-0.4425048828125,
0.14573784172534943,
0.716137707233429,
-0.17166748642921448,
0.21193847060203552,
0.04223461076617241,
0.12518616020679474,
0.02845172956585884,
0.27825927734375,
0.10808410495519638,
0.3908325135707855,
-0.15436401963233948,
0.563159167766571,
0.03641090542078018,
-0.05864715576171875,
0.11473846435546875,
0.5552978515625,
0.15298843383789062,
-0.062076568603515625,
0.708300769329071,
0.35167235136032104,
-0.3621154725551605,
-0.06595458835363388,
-0.049944400787353516,
-0.16917724907398224,
-0.19115599989891052,
0.39323729276657104,
0.646899402141571,
-0.1529083251953125,
-0.2583374083042145,
0.39434814453125,
0.16493530571460724,
0.10957030951976776,
-0.07765503227710724,
0.09155616909265518,
-0.2723236083984375,
0.25520020723342896,
0.4229980409145355,
-0.018201446160674095,
0.14016112685203552,
0.5385986566543579,
0.14085693657398224,
0.09018268436193466,
0.5913330316543579,
0.5007079839706421,
-0.29493409395217896,
0.5106445550918579,
-0.510424792766571,
-0.051985930651426315,
0.20602722465991974,
-0.08444671332836151,
0.2796981930732727,
-0.16406860947608948,
0.559985339641571,
-0.13826903700828552,
0.324676513671875,
0.771044909954071,
-0.6484619379043579,
0.2855224609375,
-0.2824691832065582,
0.04157371446490288,
-0.3621582090854645,
0.19173888862133026,
0.3428100645542145,
-0.25313645601272583,
0.2864364683628082,
-0.02340545691549778,
-0.09964599460363388,
0.13845214247703552,
0.32668837904930115,
-0.02908172644674778,
0.2816162109375,
0.42155760526657104,
-0.46394044160842896,
0.374755859375,
-0.251983642578125,
0.14801330864429474,
0.5083252191543579,
0.28776854276657104,
-0.16872557997703552,
0.3204345703125,
0.1974029541015625,
-0.2142791748046875,
0.1746673583984375,
-0.11717529594898224,
-0.0075630187056958675,
-0.13808974623680115,
0.18301239609718323,
0.5933593511581421,
0.37518310546875,
0.03510923311114311,
0.21159668266773224,
-0.24312134087085724,
0.4491210877895355,
0.39421385526657104,
-0.104827880859375,
-0.4034179747104645,
-0.15540161728858948,
0.13065795600414276,
0.32073974609375,
-0.06026458740234375,
-0.2817016541957855,
0.10038147121667862,
0.295654296875,
-0.2724609375,
0.1802825927734375,
0.16405066847801208,
-0.14876098930835724,
-0.06439723819494247,
0.1248500794172287,
-0.34241944551467896,
-0.03263092041015625,
0.22814330458641052,
-0.17937926948070526,
0.20647582411766052,
0.004597472958266735,
-0.13580170273780823,
0.04054565355181694,
0.6719726324081421,
0.4793640077114105,
0.4293624758720398,
0.4097656309604645,
0.28010255098342896,
-0.1613365113735199,
0.11237487941980362,
0.1549331694841385,
0.3497558534145355,
-0.06203155592083931,
0.25738525390625,
0.4202026426792145,
0.24755744636058807,
-0.17337341606616974,
-0.07774963229894638,
-0.40007323026657104,
0.143595889210701,
0.183116152882576,
-0.142578125,
-0.37958985567092896,
0.3101806640625,
0.44426268339157104,
-0.23448486626148224,
-0.07257690280675888,
0.19130858778953552,
-0.4938720762729645,
0.09622669219970703,
0.3353637754917145,
0.08064727485179901,
-0.1452251374721527,
0.02769928053021431,
0.15954284369945526,
0.3710083067417145,
-0.0006759643438272178,
-0.38385009765625,
-0.02304840087890625,
0.3366455137729645,
0.2708068788051605,
0.22050781548023224,
0.34294432401657104,
-0.08621978759765625,
0.792919933795929,
-0.4981445372104645,
0.12042236328125,
0.42121583223342896,
-0.03541221469640732,
-0.28190916776657104,
0.19164887070655823,
0.0239105224609375,
-0.2648681700229645,
0.5458008050918579,
0.5735107660293579,
0.14334411919116974,
-0.17088814079761505,
0.4430908262729645,
0.38636475801467896,
0.36119383573532104,
0.625439465045929,
0.1027069091796875,
0.4135986268520355,
0.16318359971046448,
0.32659912109375,
-0.059545136988162994,
-0.28883057832717896,
-0.23554687201976776,
-0.11949615180492401,
-0.5780029296875,
0.30426025390625,
-0.16650696098804474,
0.30079954862594604,
-0.09028007835149765,
0.21021422743797302,
-0.03670501708984375,
-0.18520507216453552,
-0.4292846620082855,
-0.03414611890912056,
0.262237548828125,
0.25701904296875,
0.26655274629592896,
-0.08777465671300888,
-0.3636741638183594,
0.47187501192092896,
-0.2296905517578125,
0.3951416015625,
0.41827392578125,
0.23465880751609802,
0.29191893339157104,
0.276437371969223,
0.23978272080421448,
0.08435821533203125,
0.13984985649585724,
-0.2511657774448395,
0.25635987520217896,
-0.4584716856479645,
0.21748200058937073,
0.0059219361282885075,
0.017265701666474342,
0.14285583794116974,
0.12865523993968964,
0.3995361328125,
-0.2568115293979645,
-0.03517693281173706,
0.17617492377758026,
-0.007289886474609375,
0.04923443868756294,
0.03106994554400444,
0.47419434785842896,
0.14126281440258026,
-0.23919066786766052,
0.19366455078125,
-0.20951537787914276,
-0.16867676377296448,
0.043650053441524506,
0.02987975999712944,
-0.16569213569164276,
-0.29350584745407104,
-0.523120105266571,
-0.19251708686351776,
0.49224853515625,
0.44890135526657104,
0.278076171875,
0.021900177001953125,
0.6978515386581421,
0.13041381537914276,
0.07371673732995987,
-0.17690429091453552,
-0.0032409667037427425,
0.3463378846645355,
0.16163329780101776,
0.16994628310203552,
-0.302001953125,
-0.49267578125,
-0.02650146558880806,
0.05363922193646431,
0.11905288696289062,
-0.17145995795726776,
-0.092218779027462,
-0.16565552353858948,
-0.0898895263671875,
0.598193347454071,
-0.34589844942092896,
-0.09896926581859589,
0.058118440210819244,
0.27410888671875,
0.3384765684604645,
4.096093654632568,
0.3890136778354645,
0.4542480409145355,
0.053600311279296875,
-0.25035399198532104,
0.37061768770217896,
0.25397950410842896,
0.027660751715302467,
-0.0940021499991417,
-0.166656494140625,
-0.13343659043312073,
0.15808792412281036,
-0.08758850395679474,
-0.10780944675207138,
-0.0993194580078125,
0.29555243253707886,
0.3079895079135895,
0.32562255859375,
0.10518798977136612,
0.39177244901657104,
-0.506103515625,
0.04534187167882919,
0.30119627714157104,
-0.2871948182582855,
0.04066047817468643,
0.13820496201515198,
-0.26019287109375,
0.1959228515625,
0.42839354276657104,
0.3904052674770355,
0.3689208924770355,
0.04649963229894638,
-0.02149047888815403,
-0.04541931301355362,
-0.913134753704071,
0.005065536592155695,
0.4260497987270355,
0.01968212053179741,
0.20595093071460724,
0.008472442626953125,
-0.27949219942092896,
0.042633056640625,
0.2631988525390625,
0.566943347454071,
0.43052977323532104,
-0.2690673768520355,
-0.07324981689453125,
0.3409423828125,
-0.018391037359833717,
0.4912353456020355,
0.13731689751148224,
-0.05625858157873154,
0.3144897520542145,
-0.24803467094898224,
0.34173583984375,
0.4573974609375,
0.11724853515625,
0.18166808784008026,
0.23535461723804474,
0.47120362520217896,
0.048990629613399506,
-0.28691405057907104,
0.3425048887729645,
0.036585234105587006,
-0.41389161348342896,
-0.04814262315630913,
-0.09478454291820526,
0.16208496689796448,
-0.27275389432907104,
-0.16846314072608948,
0.28843992948532104,
0.4637695252895355,
0.4385009706020355,
0.0643378272652626,
0.06233377382159233,
-0.174591064453125,
-0.24114379286766052,
0.012654113583266735,
-0.1434093415737152,
0.46003419160842896,
0.26448363065719604,
0.10225067287683487,
-0.04976081848144531,
0.3220458924770355,
0.21101684868335724,
0.39893800020217896,
0.19207763671875,
-0.20602111518383026,
0.44450682401657104,
0.2504516541957855,
0.08021984249353409,
-0.16188660264015198,
0.27019041776657104,
-0.20499877631664276,
-0.3776611387729645,
0.0605316162109375,
0.45606690645217896,
-3.98046875,
0.10034789890050888,
0.569897472858429,
-0.16312865912914276,
-0.10469665378332138,
-0.31120604276657104,
0.4526611268520355,
0.4520507752895355,
-0.6042724847793579,
0.08915404975414276,
-0.23875732719898224,
-0.21501311659812927,
-0.3699951171875,
0.3329406678676605,
-0.09497680515050888,
0.45417481660842896,
0.2002716064453125,
0.4765869081020355,
0.2509521543979645,
-0.10408993065357208,
-0.08685302734375,
0.0072113038040697575,
0.35612791776657104,
0.5632568597793579,
0.021133804693818092,
0.1821441650390625,
0.1522979736328125,
-0.34132081270217896,
0.18878173828125,
0.3111328184604645,
0.39844971895217896,
0.01799163781106472,
0.5380614995956421,
-0.15154114365577698,
0.20246581733226776,
0.16327515244483948,
0.2725463807582855,
0.21039429306983948,
0.32135009765625,
0.4702392518520355,
0.10743407905101776,
0.1789703369140625,
0.33265382051467896,
0.3736572265625,
0.03154754638671875,
-0.27287596464157104,
-0.15661926567554474,
0.18465575575828552,
-0.520190417766571,
-0.08610115200281143,
0.4536499083042145,
0.691845715045929,
0.062407683581113815,
0.024692535400390625,
0.563305675983429,
-0.043875884264707565,
0.17002563178539276,
-0.33399659395217896,
0.06801452487707138,
0.18251800537109375,
-0.17775268852710724,
-0.021782685071229935,
-0.16451378166675568,
-0.3148437440395355,
0.1842803955078125,
-0.1900787353515625,
0.1402149200439453,
0.05771026760339737,
0.36762237548828125,
0.02491455152630806,
0.3813720643520355,
-0.12823791801929474,
0.32255858182907104,
-0.12547683715820312,
0.347900390625,
0.366943359375,
-0.1459503173828125,
-0.13510437309741974,
0.5269531011581421,
0.24595947563648224,
-0.16653136909008026,
0.21779175102710724,
-0.583544909954071,
0.02335205115377903,
2.19677734375,
-0.019118499010801315,
2.1602540016174316,
0.38090819120407104,
-0.11136169731616974,
0.31187134981155396,
-0.36002808809280396,
-0.01564738154411316,
0.04928893968462944,
0.2901657223701477,
0.20525971055030823,
-0.058098603039979935,
-0.1557762175798416,
0.0615386962890625,
-0.089935302734375,
-0.1434478759765625,
0.44450682401657104,
-1.0803711414337158,
0.4328920245170593,
-0.3204589784145355,
0.932080090045929,
0.033664703369140625,
-0.062744140625,
0.3404281735420227,
0.31865233182907104,
-0.08105354011058807,
0.125457763671875,
-0.07314453274011612,
0.03729553148150444,
-0.02237243577837944,
-0.25314635038375854,
-0.24044570326805115,
0.11983337253332138,
0.17723998427391052,
0.014498519711196423,
0.0560787208378315,
0.18226929008960724,
4.687890529632568,
0.2925964295864105,
0.07141418755054474,
-0.2908569276332855,
0.29334717988967896,
0.2376425713300705,
0.35242921113967896,
-0.033042289316654205,
-0.0973052978515625,
0.686328113079071,
0.638378918170929,
0.062282562255859375,
-0.11871337890625,
-0.23265381157398224,
0.507397472858429,
0.4767211973667145,
0.0762859359383583,
0.1043701171875,
0.30549317598342896,
0.1424407958984375,
0.2647903561592102,
0.20653076469898224,
0.14632949233055115,
0.07858429104089737,
0.16344603896141052,
0.236175537109375,
0.36712417006492615,
-0.4889892637729645,
-0.20661620795726776,
0.5042968988418579,
0.38211363554000854,
5.463281154632568,
0.2256317138671875,
0.44487303495407104,
0.02851257286965847,
0.08060713112354279,
0.08772430568933487,
-0.22755126655101776,
0.10645141452550888,
-0.22331543266773224,
0.05629882961511612,
-0.22875061631202698,
0.09398803859949112,
-0.3353271484375,
0.3227172791957855,
-0.211323544383049,
0.25938719511032104,
-0.2784179747104645,
0.16090698540210724,
-0.11451835930347443,
-0.15944823622703552,
0.648242175579071,
0.07397384941577911,
0.06258849799633026,
-0.3303466737270355,
-0.09069671481847763,
-0.32686156034469604,
0.03831367567181587,
-0.20578613877296448,
-0.16104468703269958,
0.12952880561351776,
0.4819580018520355,
0.041834451258182526,
0.13394927978515625,
0.37098389863967896,
-0.17008057236671448,
0.16991272568702698,
0.5941406488418579,
-0.10979614406824112,
0.3788085877895355,
-0.27048951387405396,
0.4198242127895355,
-0.040050506591796875,
-0.5008789300918579,
-0.016691172495484352,
0.16589203476905823,
-0.10402412712574005,
-0.34544676542282104,
0.20313110947608948,
-0.09129295498132706,
0.02975006029009819,
-0.08475074917078018,
-0.07045288383960724,
1.030664086341858,
-0.06930847465991974,
0.527417004108429,
0.23345336318016052,
-0.0014064789284020662,
-0.04639282077550888,
-0.22216796875,
-0.5322265625,
0.4775146543979645,
0.23766478896141052,
0.08991508185863495,
0.6698242425918579,
0.126678466796875,
0.3307739198207855,
0.23359985649585724,
-0.00760993966832757,
0.44267576932907104,
-0.24993591010570526,
0.16520385444164276,
-0.0695594772696495,
-0.21265259385108948,
-0.0999288558959961,
-0.01897888258099556,
0.02480163611471653,
0.3509368896484375,
0.06215725094079971,
-0.04737205430865288,
-0.249725341796875,
-0.17753906548023224,
-0.16262206435203552,
-0.16282281279563904,
0.28729248046875,
-0.14861755073070526,
0.0375693216919899,
-0.14499664306640625,
-0.3046508729457855,
0.8060058355331421,
-0.025862883776426315,
-0.02138957940042019,
0.07084731757640839,
-0.24320068955421448,
0.3321289122104645,
-0.06458739936351776,
0.21861496567726135,
-0.08190612494945526,
0.19407042860984802,
0.4807983338832855,
0.08742599189281464,
0.03666992112994194,
0.05207671970129013,
0.3156372010707855,
-0.7119140625,
0.08104324340820312,
-0.20910950005054474,
-0.27524107694625854,
0.08943557739257812,
0.2664794921875,
-0.03084106370806694,
0.2991088926792145,
0.3911987245082855,
0.04730377346277237,
-0.04156646877527237,
-0.06269025802612305
] |
2158
|
Where is the Klickitat tribe?
|
[
{
"docid": "3865388#0",
"text": "The Klickitat (also spelled Klikitat) are a Native American tribe of the Pacific Northwest. Today most Klickitat are enrolled in the federally recognized Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, some are also part of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
},
{
"docid": "3865388#6",
"text": "In the early 1850s, the Klickitat Tribe raided present-day Jackson County, Oregon from the north and settled the area. Modoc, Shasta, Takelma, Latgawas, and Umpqua Indian tribes had already lived within the present boundaries of that county.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
},
{
"docid": "91076#0",
"text": "Klickitat County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, the population was 20,318. The county seat and largest city is Goldendale. The county is named after the Klickitat tribe of the Yakama Native Americans.",
"title": "Klickitat County, Washington"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "3865388#1",
"text": "A Shahaptian tribe, their eastern neighbors were the Yakama, who speak a closely related language. Their western neighbors were various Salishan and Chinookan tribes. Their name has been perpetuated in Klickitat County, Washington, Klickitat, Washington, Klickitat Street in Portland, Oregon, and the Klickitat River, a tributary of the Columbia River.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
},
{
"docid": "3865388#2",
"text": "The Klickitat were noted for being active and enterprising traders, and served as intermediaries between the coastal tribes and those living east of the Cascade Mountains.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
},
{
"docid": "410688#50",
"text": "In a legend from the Klickitats, the chief of the gods, Tyhee Saghalie, came to The Dalles with his two sons. The sons quarreled about who would settle where. To settle the dispute, Saghalie shot an arrow to the west and to the north and told his sons to find them and to settle where the arrows had fallen. So one settled in the Willamette Valley and the other in the area between the Yakima and Columbia Rivers and they became the ancestors of the Multnomah and Klickitat tribes respectively. To separate the tribes, Saghalie raised the Cascade Mountains. He also created the \"Bridge of the Gods\" as a way for the tribes to meet with one another easily. A \"witch-woman,\" whose name was Loowit, lived on the bridge and had control of the only fire in the world. She wanted to give the tribes fire to improve their condition and Saghalie consented. He was so pleased with Loowit's faithfulness that he offered Loowit whatever she wanted. She asked for youth and beauty and Saghalie granted her wish. Suitors came from near and far until finally she could not decide between Klickitat and Wiyeast. Klickitat and Wiyeast went to war over the matter until finally Sahalie decided to punish them for creating such chaos. He broke the Bridge of the Gods and put the three lovers to death. However, in order to honor their beauty, he raised up three mountains: Wiyeast (Hood), Klickitat (Adams), and Loowit (St. Helens).",
"title": "Mount Adams (Washington)"
},
{
"docid": "3865388#7",
"text": "Between 1820 and 1830, an epidemic of fever struck the tribes of the Willamette Valley. The Klickitat took advantage of the drop in population in this region and crossed the Columbia River and occupied territory occupied by the Umpqua. This was not permanent, however, as they were pushed back to their original homeland.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
},
{
"docid": "3865388#9",
"text": "The Klickitats were noted to trade Salmon, Roots, and Berries and to have two chiefs within the tribe that welcomed Lewis and Clark in their\narrival.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
},
{
"docid": "138070#8",
"text": "The site where the town is located was originally called Wrights after one of the original settlers. This was the name given to the rail stop there. The rail stop down the river at milepost 7.2 was named Klickitat and the railroad later switched the two signs when the carbonated beverage company Klickitat Pop (operating near the town) gained fame. On February 7, 1910 the name of the town post office was officially changed to Klickitat.",
"title": "Klickitat, Washington"
},
{
"docid": "3865388#5",
"text": "The ancestral lands of the Klickitat were situated north of the Columbia River, at the headwaters of the Cowlitz, Lewis, White Salmon, and Klickitat rivers, in present-day Klickitat and Skamania Counties. They occupied their later base after the Yakama crossed this river. In 1805, the Klickitat were encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Lewis and Clark found them wintering on the Yakima and Klickitat Rivers and estimated their number at about 700.",
"title": "Klickitat people"
}
] |
[
0.4037272036075592,
0.2845187783241272,
-0.1459384560585022,
0.2383151650428772,
-0.2029825896024704,
0.2682291567325592,
0.200225830078125,
-0.2968207597732544,
0.17681884765625,
0.5240614414215088,
0.2603624165058136,
-0.1314493864774704,
0.0613911934196949,
-0.1137203648686409,
-0.5979546308517456,
-0.1335788369178772,
0.3904622495174408,
0.0509236641228199,
-0.07273568212985992,
0.1199866384267807,
0.03577147424221039,
0.3534613847732544,
0.158172607421875,
0.0499776192009449,
-0.0193752720952034,
-0.0701734721660614,
0.0099110072478652,
0.3180745542049408,
0.0452914759516716,
0.1773885041475296,
0.1579505056142807,
-0.05192480981349945,
0.4016384482383728,
0.4509345293045044,
-0.3963555097579956,
0.2081841379404068,
0.07364442944526672,
0.1106940358877182,
-0.09456740319728851,
0.6156752109527588,
-0.3245171308517456,
0.2252739816904068,
0.1570841521024704,
0.0610555000603199,
0.1227145716547966,
-0.15373018383979797,
0.2048611044883728,
0.0026329888496547937,
0.03003438375890255,
0.8942599892616272,
-0.4359944760799408,
-0.5222710371017456,
0.04772525280714035,
-0.006863064132630825,
-0.09877406060695648,
0.5048014521598816,
0.030995262786746025,
0.6330024003982544,
-0.1119336262345314,
0.3213704526424408,
0.1293606162071228,
-0.2134229838848114,
-0.2708061933517456,
0.06038326770067215,
0.0151583356782794,
0.3019612729549408,
-0.03305647149682045,
0.2124294638633728,
0.21702660620212555,
0.4320203959941864,
0.1949937641620636,
0.4996473491191864,
0.3515218198299408,
0.1563178151845932,
0.1280348002910614,
-0.0237392857670784,
0.4418674111366272,
0.1284145712852478,
0.2569851279258728,
-0.1701795756816864,
0.4927707314491272,
-0.007993274368345737,
-0.3600395917892456,
0.07079654186964035,
-0.1269395649433136,
0.6711696982383728,
-0.3397895097732544,
0.3094211220741272,
0.2253282368183136,
0.7782118320465088,
-0.4095323383808136,
-0.0027110842056572437,
-0.1483069509267807,
-0.4678005576133728,
0.1274346262216568,
0.0652431920170784,
0.024923324584960938,
0.1641947478055954,
0.0884195938706398,
0.13888804614543915,
0.175140380859375,
-0.2555745542049408,
0.07525634765625,
0.6082899570465088,
0.548095703125,
-0.3651529848575592,
-0.0547044537961483,
-0.09462399035692215,
0.1720241904258728,
0.1143629252910614,
0.00740898959338665,
-0.04258304089307785,
-0.2984144389629364,
-0.00394354946911335,
0.1170806884765625,
0.3635932207107544,
0.2118869423866272,
-0.18511962890625,
-0.10916222631931305,
-1.1260308027267456,
0.423828125,
0.4957410991191864,
-0.2699245810508728,
0.3178982138633728,
-0.1574384868144989,
-0.1421644389629364,
0.4944390058517456,
-0.1701592355966568,
0.5383029580116272,
0.5657823085784912,
0.05576470121741295,
0.0991007462143898,
0.3379855751991272,
0.6021321415901184,
0.5795627236366272,
0.03573014959692955,
0.5391438603401184,
-0.001952913124114275,
-0.107574462890625,
-0.3421766459941864,
-0.4712388813495636,
-0.2836100161075592,
-0.24603271484375,
0.3814900815486908,
-0.06150902807712555,
0.1201646625995636,
0.09320068359375,
0.2564832866191864,
0.02692159079015255,
0.1887071430683136,
0.335693359375,
0.3484293520450592,
0.04270458221435547,
0.06304296106100082,
-0.1259969025850296,
0.4655490517616272,
0.3745659589767456,
-0.2999538779258728,
0.1983489990234375,
0.1373291015625,
0.7296820878982544,
0.3210856020450592,
0.1839430034160614,
-0.3391384482383728,
0.0471581369638443,
0.3109537661075592,
-0.16727182269096375,
0.4397243857383728,
0.4549696147441864,
-0.07964452356100082,
-0.1501193642616272,
0.2464938759803772,
0.3353271484375,
-0.02976142056286335,
0.3427598774433136,
0.3630099892616272,
-0.4014485776424408,
0.3554958701133728,
-0.1057959645986557,
-0.2214491069316864,
-0.1340603232383728,
0.3836127519607544,
-0.2089572548866272,
0.4166734516620636,
0.6655815839767456,
0.3740776777267456,
-0.2560696005821228,
-0.1512993723154068,
0.1027865931391716,
0.1676262766122818,
0.0427924245595932,
-0.19541294872760773,
0.4084743857383728,
-0.2232462614774704,
0.2473822683095932,
-0.0851643905043602,
-0.7641059160232544,
0.1490851491689682,
0.112640380859375,
-0.10214953869581223,
-0.1403435617685318,
-0.322021484375,
-0.3756510317325592,
0.2531873881816864,
0.1035698801279068,
-0.5069172978401184,
-0.07097074389457703,
0.1484714150428772,
0.06504270434379578,
-0.2375013530254364,
-0.3321804404258728,
0.0959133580327034,
0.5926649570465088,
0.2664843797683716,
-0.1002705916762352,
-0.0619947649538517,
-0.1083424910902977,
-0.0948961079120636,
0.4369981586933136,
0.1875949501991272,
-0.5150824785232544,
0.6308051347732544,
-0.1789008229970932,
0.11314985156059265,
0.0048963758163154125,
-0.2185906320810318,
-0.1413981169462204,
-0.4108208417892456,
0.11417198181152344,
0.5121527910232544,
0.0372060127556324,
0.2016652375459671,
0.1755303293466568,
-0.09228515625,
0.3953993022441864,
0.1955837607383728,
-0.1257595419883728,
-0.09166039526462555,
-0.009564293548464775,
-0.1897549033164978,
0.2587483823299408,
0.5333930253982544,
-0.1769612580537796,
0.4213324785232544,
0.3066677451133728,
-0.04283873364329338,
0.2160915732383728,
0.005832248367369175,
-0.2491455078125,
-0.2091878205537796,
0.1871880441904068,
-0.03047943115234375,
0.1561991423368454,
0.3716362714767456,
-0.5038791298866272,
0.4042154848575592,
0.128448486328125,
-0.2207099050283432,
-0.1324937641620636,
0.2654825747013092,
0.2806532084941864,
0.2446390837430954,
0.1401045024394989,
0.3308241069316864,
-0.5257432460784912,
-0.07267168164253235,
-0.0905083566904068,
0.4957410991191864,
0.0769178569316864,
-0.049973804503679276,
0.480224609375,
-0.4353976845741272,
0.0524393729865551,
0.47650146484375,
-0.1790839284658432,
-0.08023664355278015,
0.3497212827205658,
0.2223341166973114,
-0.3878038227558136,
0.3061794638633728,
0.9324001669883728,
-0.06567636877298355,
-0.0425279401242733,
-0.4108615517616272,
0.5241428017616272,
0.3952229917049408,
-0.1801283061504364,
0.3661838173866272,
-0.08110809326171875,
-0.15760548412799835,
0.1477491557598114,
0.4697808027267456,
-0.1974165141582489,
-0.1285264790058136,
-0.4153510332107544,
0.6351725459098816,
-0.0832790806889534,
0.020781198516488075,
-0.10111575573682785,
0.0210537388920784,
0.3583984375,
-0.9019639492034912,
0.2501085102558136,
0.6455078125,
0.0047624376602470875,
-0.0021959941368550062,
0.0991583913564682,
-0.09366586804389954,
-0.00031026205397211015,
0.0877787247300148,
0.0502454973757267,
-0.3266194760799408,
-0.4328342080116272,
0.3749186098575592,
0.11144595593214035,
0.20892333984375,
0.1985066682100296,
-0.08437347412109375,
1.0604383945465088,
0.4648979902267456,
0.02445220947265625,
-0.2239583283662796,
-0.3483072817325592,
-0.3197292685508728,
0.5594075322151184,
-0.7178819179534912,
-0.03370809555053711,
-0.11886511743068695,
0.5321452021598816,
0.1091851145029068,
0.5823025107383728,
0.2744683027267456,
-0.4050835371017456,
0.14989301562309265,
-0.3951551616191864,
0.2021280974149704,
0.2125379741191864,
0.2393425852060318,
0.5538194179534912,
0.20531803369522095,
-0.0869581401348114,
0.0071250069886446,
0.2241448312997818,
0.2483588308095932,
0.03432125598192215,
0.1431138813495636,
0.5070258378982544,
0.1635267436504364,
0.5110134482383728,
-0.2679172158241272,
0.4829643964767456,
-0.12685564160346985,
-0.2094319611787796,
0.1632622629404068,
-0.2490912526845932,
0.0691087543964386,
0.13677597045898438,
0.10299968719482422,
0.2859157919883728,
-0.2696465253829956,
0.1742689311504364,
0.2269388884305954,
0.3083767294883728,
0.2470431923866272,
0.3932834267616272,
0.061279296875,
-0.11901601403951645,
0.1696912944316864,
-0.13082271814346313,
0.1054246723651886,
0.2943115234375,
0.06396378576755524,
0.1832004189491272,
0.388427734375,
-0.3646647036075592,
-0.3795844316482544,
-0.0940534770488739,
0.4278428852558136,
0.5235459804534912,
0.2611219584941864,
0.5151638388633728,
0.5553114414215088,
0.1997443288564682,
-0.0486314557492733,
0.1556057333946228,
-0.5061577558517456,
0.5798611044883728,
-0.01556396484375,
0.1747470498085022,
-0.4115397036075592,
0.2645551860332489,
-0.14786911010742188,
0.1859130859375,
-0.2808668315410614,
-0.3846435546875,
0.2459445595741272,
-0.011264377273619175,
0.2449662983417511,
0.318115234375,
-0.0615386962890625,
0.0966389998793602,
0.322021484375,
0.241790771484375,
0.02027130126953125,
4.105685710906982,
0.0738372802734375,
0.3165499269962311,
-0.5376790165901184,
-0.02786678820848465,
0.5155978798866272,
0.2088623046875,
-0.5779622197151184,
-0.1068962961435318,
0.1999172568321228,
-0.20934592187404633,
0.1832614541053772,
-0.1861097514629364,
0.2877468466758728,
-0.230224609375,
0.3341878354549408,
0.2980414628982544,
0.4105224609375,
0.3469102680683136,
0.15887451171875,
-0.3895399272441864,
0.18105697631835938,
0.3734673261642456,
0.1135592982172966,
0.3712836503982544,
0.1894378662109375,
0.1727023720741272,
-0.2240939736366272,
0.1640285849571228,
0.3570149838924408,
0.5156792402267456,
0.5277235507965088,
0.2934112548828125,
-0.2563832700252533,
-0.9223090410232544,
0.3117946982383728,
0.34912109375,
0.3706325888633728,
-0.12280697375535965,
0.0836571604013443,
-0.2898356020450592,
0.15298716723918915,
0.45590734481811523,
0.4092339277267456,
-0.3049248456954956,
-0.1950310617685318,
-0.3831990659236908,
0.2961696982383728,
-0.4407009482383728,
0.5128445029258728,
0.02442423440515995,
0.01966010220348835,
-0.1619940847158432,
-0.3429361879825592,
0.2526584267616272,
0.3611111044883728,
0.05286576971411705,
0.2744683027267456,
-0.2003546804189682,
0.06689940392971039,
0.0324910469353199,
0.022309621796011925,
0.3250190019607544,
0.1136678084731102,
-0.5277235507965088,
0.0089874267578125,
0.015581343322992325,
0.3500908613204956,
-0.05566130578517914,
-0.1317511647939682,
0.3010185956954956,
0.2426893413066864,
0.421630859375,
-0.1930287629365921,
-0.14892578125,
0.4967719316482544,
-0.2004937082529068,
0.0956624373793602,
0.3031548261642456,
-0.09205754846334457,
0.3532511293888092,
-0.1591525673866272,
-0.0521579310297966,
0.8626301884651184,
-0.1838548481464386,
0.5163303017616272,
-0.16928566992282867,
0.008442772552371025,
0.5139702558517456,
-0.1203392893075943,
0.4733072817325592,
0.0221676304936409,
0.11884646862745285,
0.5936415195465088,
-0.027587890625,
0.022239260375499725,
0.1178741455078125,
-3.9552950859069824,
0.1071099191904068,
0.3170742392539978,
0.1539204865694046,
0.1691216379404068,
-0.0426991768181324,
0.2641669511795044,
0.09049563854932785,
-0.4326443076133728,
0.02837117575109005,
0.0501708984375,
0.1979437917470932,
-0.1026746928691864,
0.008761088363826275,
-0.0835520401597023,
0.05904526263475418,
-0.1302151083946228,
0.0417124442756176,
0.01491631381213665,
-0.3257921040058136,
0.271484375,
0.1327684223651886,
0.2658962607383728,
-0.5999891757965088,
-0.0530887171626091,
0.1755167692899704,
0.3672824501991272,
-0.3167589008808136,
0.1991916298866272,
-0.2405124306678772,
-0.3627115786075592,
0.1355387419462204,
0.4822048544883728,
0.01770443469285965,
-0.3387857973575592,
0.19879150390625,
0.7009548544883728,
0.0765058696269989,
0.4124077558517456,
0.4160970151424408,
0.13458251953125,
0.004879421554505825,
0.4909396767616272,
-0.025964101776480675,
-0.10889752954244614,
0.5541788935661316,
-0.3037380576133728,
-0.05656761676073074,
-0.1054009348154068,
0.00835503451526165,
0.5409613847732544,
0.1523081511259079,
0.1899074912071228,
-0.2084418386220932,
0.5643988847732544,
0.0767262801527977,
-0.5410698652267456,
0.02358245849609375,
0.15972815454006195,
0.6236708164215088,
0.13812255859375,
0.056754641234874725,
0.4585232138633728,
-0.00023057725047692657,
-0.02486165426671505,
-0.1922268271446228,
0.02749040350317955,
0.2203708291053772,
-0.09352323412895203,
-0.15289306640625,
-0.0573628731071949,
0.3751627504825592,
0.017634974792599678,
-0.0609809011220932,
0.0670437291264534,
-0.11175537109375,
0.1985541433095932,
-0.2687852680683136,
0.3938802182674408,
0.3371853232383728,
-0.1311170756816864,
0.1607021689414978,
-0.3044569194316864,
0.1369340717792511,
2.563585042953491,
0.1704508513212204,
2.241753578186035,
0.2201470285654068,
-0.0233942661434412,
0.1521097868680954,
-0.2305365651845932,
0.1854756623506546,
0.0376654714345932,
0.10803646594285965,
0.3461371660232544,
0.4994032084941864,
-0.0784403458237648,
0.2827012836933136,
-0.3844400942325592,
-0.2922431230545044,
0.4317762553691864,
-0.7803276777267456,
-0.0116899274289608,
0.2482774555683136,
0.1588541716337204,
-0.1940087229013443,
-0.0193820521235466,
0.2238566130399704,
0.2623833417892456,
-0.1844482421875,
0.06554964184761047,
-0.0962677001953125,
-0.36572265625,
0.0165125522762537,
-0.1571621298789978,
0.1942138671875,
0.0464664027094841,
0.2807210385799408,
-0.2937825620174408,
0.0231051966547966,
-0.1153157576918602,
4.62196159362793,
-0.2141350656747818,
-0.3733452558517456,
-0.2257487028837204,
0.11510711163282394,
0.068115234375,
0.0971950963139534,
-0.2153659462928772,
0.1082339808344841,
0.1744723916053772,
0.8732638955116272,
0.6797417402267456,
0.2596977949142456,
-0.013913472183048725,
0.4148491621017456,
0.1601901650428772,
0.09188122302293777,
-0.1301676481962204,
0.1448771208524704,
0.10126706957817078,
0.2330593466758728,
0.2041558176279068,
0.1832292377948761,
-0.1508890837430954,
0.2496337890625,
0.1762932687997818,
0.3972439169883728,
-0.5132920742034912,
-0.1427544504404068,
-0.4567599892616272,
1.0130208730697632,
5.455729007720947,
-0.1451229453086853,
0.2924465537071228,
-0.1085171177983284,
-0.0631510391831398,
0.3495686948299408,
-0.2723795473575592,
0.0522986501455307,
-0.1757269948720932,
-0.0490163154900074,
-0.05716535821557045,
0.4767524003982544,
-0.0345747210085392,
0.4979926347732544,
0.1201341450214386,
0.2409992218017578,
-0.2547336220741272,
0.0711517333984375,
0.3718397319316864,
-0.3693440854549408,
1.1662869453430176,
-0.1677059531211853,
0.0979715958237648,
-0.4214952290058136,
-0.25220659375190735,
-0.009555816650390625,
0.1778564453125,
-0.0026904211845248938,
-0.0449557825922966,
0.3221435546875,
0.2407701313495636,
0.2878960371017456,
-0.3560384213924408,
0.0005462434492073953,
-0.2172173410654068,
-0.0358547642827034,
0.3534885048866272,
0.1898261159658432,
0.4110785722732544,
0.03143310546875,
0.5583224892616272,
0.3240152895450592,
-0.2519327700138092,
-0.04501427710056305,
0.1690199077129364,
-0.05393218994140625,
0.1853298544883728,
-0.1722547709941864,
-0.0807088240981102,
0.1417982280254364,
-0.0588429756462574,
-0.1149834543466568,
1.2332357168197632,
-0.4365369975566864,
0.22292158007621765,
0.4197591245174408,
-0.3656955361366272,
-0.1404079794883728,
-0.0896369069814682,
-0.3563910722732544,
0.8626844882965088,
0.0031594170723110437,
-0.1861707866191864,
-0.1698540598154068,
0.32600530982017517,
0.07666590809822083,
0.3883989155292511,
-0.03195444867014885,
0.5217013955116272,
-0.3842366635799408,
-0.1109323501586914,
-0.1388109028339386,
-0.1307915598154068,
0.0707210972905159,
-0.3549262285232544,
0.0816926434636116,
0.1587660014629364,
-0.09358596801757812,
-0.2628580629825592,
0.3992648720741272,
0.3390028178691864,
-0.4064534604549408,
-0.2744140625,
0.1332465261220932,
0.05157385766506195,
0.2254774272441864,
0.2174479216337204,
0.2573648989200592,
0.1720241904258728,
-0.2266167551279068,
-0.0345018170773983,
0.4561903178691864,
-0.4208170473575592,
0.6929795742034912,
-0.1325480192899704,
0.00522528775036335,
0.2994859516620636,
0.77392578125,
-0.2385321706533432,
0.5153537392616272,
-0.2233344167470932,
0.2301432341337204,
-0.2475467324256897,
-0.2953220009803772,
0.2243923544883728,
-0.3239203691482544,
0.2347819060087204,
-0.2110595703125,
-0.3704155683517456,
0.2473280131816864,
0.354248046875,
0.2597995400428772,
-0.290283203125,
-0.1589423269033432,
-0.0451880544424057
] |
2159
|
When were the Golden Dollar minted?
|
[
{
"docid": "2204977#24",
"text": "Beginning in January 2000, the Mint began sending dollar coins to Wal-Mart and Sam's Club stores across the United States in order to help promote and circulate the coins. In total, $100 million worth of the dollars were shipped to the stores as part of the promotion. Some store owners criticized the Mint's partnership with Wal-Mart and Sam's Club as being unfair to smaller retailers. In response, Diehl noted that \"every retailer and commercial establishment has the right to carry the Golden Dollar. The Mint's agreement with Wal-Mart is designed to encourage all retailers and commercial businesses in the nation to use the new Golden Dollar in everyday transactions.\"",
"title": "Sacagawea dollar"
},
{
"docid": "374778#0",
"text": "The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the second largest U.S. coin currently minted for circulation in terms of physical size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches (26.5 mm) and a thickness of .079 inches (2 mm), coming second to the half dollar. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is often used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar, whether or not it contains some of that metal. While true gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea and Presidential dollars are sometimes referred to as golden dollars due to their color.",
"title": "Dollar coin (United States)"
},
{
"docid": "6890967#15",
"text": "Mint records indicate the first gold dollars were produced on May 7, 1849; Longacre's diary notes state instead that the first were struck on May 8. A few coins in proof condition were struck on the first day, along with about 1,000 for circulation. There are five major varieties of the 1849 gold dollar from Philadelphia, made as Longacre continued to fine-tune the design. Mintmarked dies were sent by Longacre's Engraving Department at the Philadelphia Mint to the branch mints at Charlotte, Dahlonega (in Georgia), and New Orleans; coins struck at the branches resemble some of the types issued from Philadelphia, depending on when the dies were produced. Of the coins struck at the branch mints in 1849, only pieces struck at Charlotte (1849-C) exist in multiple varieties; most are of what is dubbed the \"Closed Wreath\" variety. Approximately five of the 1849-C Open Wreath are known; one, believed the finest surviving specimen, sold at auction for $690,000 in 2004, remaining a record for the gold dollar series as of 2013. One of the changes made during production was the inclusion of Longacre's initial \"L\" on the truncation of Liberty's neck, the first time a U.S. coin intended for full-scale production had borne the initial of its designer. All issues beginning in 1850 bear the Closed Wreath. Beginning in 1854, the gold dollar was also struck at the new San Francisco Mint.",
"title": "Gold dollar"
},
{
"docid": "18717338#39",
"text": "Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support.",
"title": "United States dollar"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "2209145#12",
"text": "Most coin collectors became aware of the 1804 dollar in 1842, when Jacob R. Eckfeldt (son of Adam Eckfeldt) and William E. Du Bois published a book entitled \"A Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations, Struck Within the Past Century\". In the volume, several coins from the Mint's coin cabinet, including an 1804 dollar, were reproduced by tracing a pantograph stylus over an electrotype of the coins. In May 1843, numismatist Matthew A. Stickney was able to obtain an 1804 dollar from the Mint's coin cabinet by trading a rare pre-federal United States gold coin. Due to an increase in the demand for rare coins, Mint officials, including Director Snowden, began minting an increasing number of coin restrikes in the 1850s. Several 1804 dollars were struck, and some were sold for personal profit on the part of Mint officials. When he discovered this, Snowden bought back several of the coins. One such coin, which Snowden later added to the Mint cabinet, was struck over an 1857 shooting thaler and became known as Class II, the only such piece of that type known to exist today. Six pieces with edge lettering applied after striking became known as Class III dollars.",
"title": "Draped Bust dollar"
},
{
"docid": "374778#22",
"text": "Morgan silver dollars, all composed of 90% silver and 10% copper (slightly less silver than sterling silver), were struck between 1878 and 1904, with a final minting in 1921. The 1921-dated coins are the most common, and there exists a substantial collector market for pristine, uncirculated specimens of the rarer dates and mint marks. Morgan dollars are second only to Lincoln Cents in collector popularity. The coin is named after George T. Morgan, its designer. Morgan dollars were minted at Philadelphia (no mint mark), New Orleans (\"O\" mint mark), San Francisco (\"S\" mint mark), Carson City (\"CC\" mint mark), and (in 1921 only) Denver (\"D\" mint mark). The mint mark is found on the reverse below the wreath, above the \"O\" in \"DOLLAR\".",
"title": "Dollar coin (United States)"
},
{
"docid": "33211348#17",
"text": "The Peace Dollar was minted from 1921 to 1935. After 1935, no more silver dollars would be minted for circulation by the US Mint. 90% silver dimes, quarters and half dollars were replaced with copper-nickel coins after 1964. From 1965 to 1976, 40% silver coins were issued in certain denominations. Of these, only the 1965 to 1969 dated Kennedy Half Dollars were minted for general circulation. No precious metals were present in any coins issued after 1977 by the US Mint until the bullion and commemorative series that began in the 1980s and continue to the present day.",
"title": "Numismatic history of the United States"
},
{
"docid": "374778#24",
"text": "In May 1965, 316,000+ Peace dollars were minted, all at the Denver Mint and dated 1964-D; however, plans for completing this coinage were abandoned, and most of those already minted were melted, with two known trial strike specimens being preserved (for assay purposes) until 1970, when they too were melted, and none released either for circulation or collection purposes. It is rumored that one or more pieces still exist, most notably any examples obtained by key members of Congress, the President, or mint officials. However, this coin, much like the 1933 $20 gold Double Eagle (aside from the \"exception\", sold in 2002 for over $7 million and the 10 found later), is illegal to own and would be subject to confiscation.",
"title": "Dollar coin (United States)"
},
{
"docid": "2205026#12",
"text": "A small production run of 12,500 was minted in July 1840 to allow bullion depositors to become familiar with the new coins before having their silver struck into dollars. The process of bringing the new coin to public hands was made easier by a congressional authorization in 1837 for a fund that allowed the Mint a \"float\", permitting it to give depositors payment in coin without waiting for their metal to go through the minting process. Bullion producers began depositing the silver required to initiate heavier production later in 1840; 41,000 pieces were minted in November, followed by a mintage of 7,505 in December. Deposits increased the following year, which saw a mintage of 173,000 pieces. All coins were produced at the Philadelphia Mint until 1846, when 59,000 were struck at the Mint at New Orleans.",
"title": "Seated Liberty dollar"
},
{
"docid": "2209101#3",
"text": "The first silver dollars struck by the United States Mint were minted in 1794. In 1804, the Mint unofficially ended production of silver dollars because many of the coins produced since that denomination had first been struck in 1794 were exported for their silver content to Eastern Asia, especially Canton (modern day Guangzhou). In 1806, then Secretary of State James Madison issued an order officially halting mintage of the coins. In 1831, Mint Director Samuel Moore noticed a reversal; a large shipment of Spanish dollars had recently been shipped from Canton to the United States. Later that year, President Andrew Jackson, at Moore's request, lifted the prohibition.",
"title": "Gobrecht dollar"
}
] |
[
0.24631957709789276,
0.2525039613246918,
0.2134956419467926,
0.16998901963233948,
0.5845581293106079,
0.2752624452114105,
0.669238269329071,
-0.3256469666957855,
-0.08746261894702911,
0.4915527403354645,
-0.3190246522426605,
-0.3218627870082855,
-0.40837401151657104,
-0.036151885986328125,
-0.0013168335426598787,
0.24119262397289276,
0.20947265625,
0.3081298768520355,
0.20949706435203552,
-0.14872130751609802,
-0.1375885009765625,
0.6766113042831421,
-0.18003539741039276,
0.06310615688562393,
0.1092681884765625,
0.307464599609375,
-0.4711669981479645,
0.10872497409582138,
0.018521498888731003,
0.463134765625,
0.4661865234375,
0.11605224758386612,
-0.0058746337890625,
0.31660765409469604,
-0.3076415956020355,
0.31147462129592896,
0.08343467861413956,
-0.29206544160842896,
-0.15707778930664062,
0.13334961235523224,
-0.32670897245407104,
0.10168218612670898,
0.695385754108429,
0.09201955795288086,
0.3095817565917969,
-0.4530029296875,
-0.060157012194395065,
-0.28339844942092896,
-0.10686492919921875,
0.20675429701805115,
-0.27332764863967896,
0.15125732123851776,
0.04782047122716904,
-0.21955566108226776,
-0.3164306581020355,
0.2707885801792145,
-0.4219726622104645,
0.590747058391571,
0.26426392793655396,
0.416259765625,
0.15174826979637146,
0.1161651611328125,
0.15585021674633026,
0.0020881653763353825,
-0.057861328125,
0.4766845703125,
0.14893798530101776,
0.2886718809604645,
-0.15531310439109802,
-0.06328125298023224,
0.26954346895217896,
0.3478988707065582,
0.28594970703125,
-0.12152099609375,
-0.33356934785842896,
-0.3556762635707855,
-0.2493896484375,
0.16427917778491974,
0.18568725883960724,
-0.21300049126148224,
0.728076159954071,
-0.14596252143383026,
-0.3573547303676605,
0.19122314453125,
-0.14558716118335724,
0.3797363340854645,
0.08801422268152237,
0.12099609524011612,
0.13811950385570526,
0.29826658964157104,
-0.00891265831887722,
0.02976837195456028,
-0.14329223334789276,
-0.10587158054113388,
0.3212646543979645,
0.31072998046875,
0.31293946504592896,
-0.3566345274448395,
-0.0031677247025072575,
-0.583056628704071,
0.09959220886230469,
-0.26817625761032104,
-0.005558776669204235,
0.40361326932907104,
0.06755218654870987,
-0.3863281309604645,
-0.2880859375,
0.046912383288145065,
0.14040222764015198,
0.010169267654418945,
0.6629883050918579,
0.023827362805604935,
-0.22307738661766052,
-0.23238524794578552,
0.07513503730297089,
0.12411804497241974,
0.137623593211174,
-0.06689071655273438,
-0.4310043454170227,
-0.8030761480331421,
0.09330902248620987,
0.403076171875,
-0.24189452826976776,
-0.5127929449081421,
0.16810759902000427,
-0.506591796875,
0.705810546875,
-0.4172607362270355,
0.6800781488418579,
0.3035034239292145,
0.15873566269874573,
-0.00897979736328125,
0.264404296875,
0.523510754108429,
-0.16830292344093323,
0.12175597995519638,
0.21888427436351776,
0.12210998684167862,
-0.02108001708984375,
-0.12836304306983948,
-0.045728303492069244,
0.4343017637729645,
0.06351928412914276,
0.6559814214706421,
0.013351154513657093,
-0.010840130038559437,
0.11781921237707138,
0.3052734434604645,
-0.11315307766199112,
-0.05197296291589737,
0.5284668207168579,
0.697680652141571,
-0.2897705137729645,
0.3907470703125,
0.177337646484375,
0.35443115234375,
0.815234363079071,
0.026276398450136185,
-0.19144287705421448,
0.3562988340854645,
0.658862292766571,
0.41923826932907104,
-0.069432832300663,
-0.3680786192417145,
0.02341919019818306,
0.3548583984375,
0.046263694763183594,
0.21828003227710724,
0.4871826171875,
0.12426300346851349,
-0.15358276665210724,
-0.07329559326171875,
0.37446290254592896,
0.08403663337230682,
0.22408446669578552,
0.2513183653354645,
-0.573925793170929,
0.10833434760570526,
-0.0034990310668945312,
-0.11390075832605362,
0.109283447265625,
0.21828918159008026,
-0.078974150121212,
-0.2575439512729645,
0.584301769733429,
0.36286622285842896,
-0.05518646165728569,
-0.35120850801467896,
-0.13515014946460724,
0.21036681532859802,
0.006101870443671942,
0.09907226264476776,
0.5360382199287415,
-0.41290283203125,
0.44073486328125,
-0.19251862168312073,
-0.2940744459629059,
0.22053222358226776,
0.048307038843631744,
0.3741455078125,
-0.3517394959926605,
-0.04910774156451225,
-0.48930662870407104,
0.15809325873851776,
0.5250244140625,
-0.27825927734375,
-0.2420654296875,
0.27867430448532104,
-0.4406982362270355,
-0.09551086276769638,
0.16132812201976776,
0.19008788466453552,
-0.08591918647289276,
0.2829345762729645,
-0.03733806684613228,
0.025619124993681908,
0.035189200192689896,
-0.06109924241900444,
0.42486572265625,
-0.17906494438648224,
-0.07310638576745987,
0.567944347858429,
-0.02035980299115181,
-0.16883239150047302,
-0.15560302138328552,
-0.3771606385707855,
-0.00985794048756361,
-0.3246093690395355,
0.11188354343175888,
0.4068359434604645,
0.4103759825229645,
-0.02964477613568306,
-0.02553558349609375,
0.02276306226849556,
-0.047461699694395065,
-0.09853096306324005,
0.23764649033546448,
-0.005139780230820179,
0.32319337129592896,
-0.2705932557582855,
0.5389159917831421,
0.3019653260707855,
0.08731994777917862,
0.0068420409224927425,
0.26829832792282104,
-0.7757323980331421,
0.21495361626148224,
0.4011596739292145,
-0.07106475532054901,
-0.07453612983226776,
0.20641478896141052,
-0.09702682495117188,
0.4046630859375,
0.31757813692092896,
-0.12647704780101776,
-0.08758239448070526,
0.3427978456020355,
0.24662475287914276,
-0.17975464463233948,
0.19565430283546448,
-0.15138550102710724,
0.017282772809267044,
0.4489502012729645,
0.06368713080883026,
-0.23287048935890198,
0.07828979194164276,
0.23885497450828552,
0.4494872987270355,
0.0536346435546875,
0.474853515625,
0.3471946716308594,
0.02495098114013672,
0.049172211438417435,
0.320068359375,
-0.09826431423425674,
-0.2535339295864105,
0.013431549072265625,
0.3877761960029602,
-0.558544933795929,
0.4208007752895355,
0.3410400450229645,
-0.011624145321547985,
-0.615283191204071,
0.011793136596679688,
0.14292602241039276,
-0.2782539427280426,
-0.031876374036073685,
-0.2397918701171875,
0.19512024521827698,
-0.12518921494483948,
-0.01689624786376953,
0.43608397245407104,
0.10607299953699112,
-0.3170227110385895,
0.25499266386032104,
-0.22733764350414276,
0.361572265625,
0.08907318115234375,
0.12379761040210724,
-0.17242431640625,
0.44029539823532104,
-0.45561522245407104,
-0.0032960891257971525,
0.19455567002296448,
0.04902343824505806,
0.012040329165756702,
0.18419799208641052,
0.7930663824081421,
-0.183837890625,
-0.13579101860523224,
0.3333496153354645,
-0.5455077886581421,
-0.058269500732421875,
-0.030185699462890625,
0.119476318359375,
0.592358410358429,
0.33875733613967896,
-0.13779601454734802,
0.804736316204071,
0.41015625,
-0.02917175367474556,
-0.19766846299171448,
-0.28876954317092896,
-0.143382266163826,
0.537109375,
-0.3795410096645355,
0.33302003145217896,
-0.548388659954071,
0.3254150450229645,
-0.1418716460466385,
0.747802734375,
0.33195799589157104,
0.12113571166992188,
-0.46735841035842896,
-0.25517576932907104,
0.21772460639476776,
0.30584716796875,
0.5970214605331421,
0.4581054747104645,
0.3067779541015625,
0.19829101860523224,
0.061147309839725494,
-0.12322998046875,
0.3848632872104645,
-0.1435897797346115,
0.07843704521656036,
0.21917876601219177,
0.4471679627895355,
0.47319334745407104,
0.20146484673023224,
-0.15333251655101776,
-0.12536469101905823,
-0.003631591796875,
-0.022369002923369408,
0.047290802001953125,
0.08684921264648438,
0.009105300530791283,
0.38691407442092896,
0.013536644168198109,
-0.2501220703125,
-0.10379467159509659,
-0.006149006076157093,
0.4829345643520355,
0.26604002714157104,
0.3238525390625,
0.2625732421875,
-0.20277099311351776,
-0.148091122508049,
-0.11738891899585724,
0.22411498427391052,
0.3048103451728821,
-0.05861816555261612,
0.11922454833984375,
0.02655334398150444,
-0.23191528022289276,
-0.05856518819928169,
-0.0468633659183979,
0.17545166611671448,
0.4843994081020355,
0.14039306342601776,
0.573925793170929,
0.4815429747104645,
0.25567626953125,
-0.28221434354782104,
-0.11714477837085724,
0.04448547214269638,
0.15782471001148224,
0.14383086562156677,
0.1740982085466385,
-0.21268311142921448,
0.29106444120407104,
0.0933433547616005,
-0.294525146484375,
-0.32111817598342896,
-0.35108643770217896,
0.011394118890166283,
-0.12815551459789276,
0.1883392333984375,
0.290740966796875,
-0.19273681938648224,
0.10660095512866974,
0.32777100801467896,
0.05037689208984375,
-0.11451415717601776,
4.134375095367432,
0.0358123779296875,
-0.1193946823477745,
0.06437454372644424,
-0.10373840481042862,
0.014894867315888405,
0.48710936307907104,
-0.49598389863967896,
0.286376953125,
-0.2979370057582855,
-0.07269211113452911,
0.05839872360229492,
0.10385742038488388,
0.031409453600645065,
-0.0366089828312397,
0.39404296875,
0.09360504150390625,
0.2776855528354645,
0.3308349549770355,
0.15226440131664276,
-0.30085450410842896,
0.225616455078125,
0.11828155815601349,
-0.03791313245892525,
0.2888549864292145,
-0.09083709865808487,
0.03845062106847763,
0.14520569145679474,
0.5213378667831421,
0.26603394746780396,
0.33415526151657104,
-0.10398559272289276,
0.09596700966358185,
-0.03353576734662056,
-0.549731433391571,
-0.1385498046875,
0.5176025629043579,
0.2541870176792145,
0.24735108017921448,
0.01025314349681139,
-0.10291576385498047,
0.04339943081140518,
0.295867919921875,
0.34050291776657104,
0.3390136659145355,
0.08039169013500214,
-0.236541748046875,
0.09940185397863388,
0.03837280347943306,
-0.27275389432907104,
0.46337890625,
0.06996460258960724,
-0.13035888969898224,
-0.0003181457577738911,
0.4175048768520355,
0.4692138731479645,
0.19699707627296448,
0.891552746295929,
0.06848526000976562,
0.21430054306983948,
0.20068588852882385,
-0.2678588926792145,
0.4173828065395355,
-0.04598388820886612,
-0.24862059950828552,
-0.2947021424770355,
-0.36946409940719604,
0.021827269345521927,
0.050388336181640625,
-0.020317841321229935,
0.38908082246780396,
0.2997497618198395,
0.13621826469898224,
-0.07173385471105576,
-0.07024230808019638,
-0.2801513671875,
-0.3466552793979645,
-0.557421863079071,
0.01155087910592556,
-0.0478551872074604,
0.17015686631202698,
-0.3055053651332855,
0.09843902289867401,
0.17733153700828552,
0.10577087104320526,
0.35114747285842896,
0.06359901279211044,
-0.49909669160842896,
0.33544921875,
0.08540496975183487,
0.19185790419578552,
-0.3114868104457855,
0.23673705756664276,
0.10811309516429901,
0.5373779535293579,
0.17162474989891052,
-0.18793335556983948,
-3.978710889816284,
-0.11960144340991974,
0.07871165126562119,
-0.2082061767578125,
0.30260008573532104,
0.09013442695140839,
-0.10864868015050888,
0.3228393495082855,
-0.4677734375,
0.3323974609375,
-0.039830587804317474,
0.2790283262729645,
-0.195159912109375,
0.5011962652206421,
0.10822753608226776,
-0.017789650708436966,
0.3594970703125,
0.023515701293945312,
0.38554686307907104,
0.04567871242761612,
-0.10300292819738388,
-0.25841063261032104,
0.2064720094203949,
-0.098358154296875,
0.2858032286167145,
-0.18185119330883026,
0.20017699897289276,
0.08847017586231232,
0.13326874375343323,
0.09184913337230682,
0.06387920677661896,
0.36027830839157104,
0.6806640625,
-0.134355828166008,
0.1675434112548828,
0.28892821073532104,
0.673388659954071,
-0.13339538872241974,
0.3531250059604645,
0.024544525891542435,
-0.04441700130701065,
-0.6078857183456421,
0.11997375637292862,
-0.07693938910961151,
0.3262939453125,
0.2895568907260895,
-0.19413146376609802,
0.25581663846969604,
0.1719001829624176,
0.23310546576976776,
0.5933593511581421,
0.08964157104492188,
-0.3061889708042145,
0.16131591796875,
0.45588380098342896,
-0.4261474609375,
0.07978057861328125,
-0.00048427580622956157,
0.20515136420726776,
0.022428130730986595,
0.2587890625,
-0.32215577363967896,
0.09606323391199112,
-0.21805420517921448,
0.29243773221969604,
-0.10255889594554901,
-0.17159728705883026,
0.535205066204071,
-0.14458923041820526,
-0.46242064237594604,
-0.12738342583179474,
0.2665161192417145,
0.01687603071331978,
0.258209228515625,
0.05490875244140625,
0.21423950791358948,
-0.0127731803804636,
-0.027271270751953125,
0.532958984375,
0.18436793982982635,
-0.04965515062212944,
0.01580810546875,
-0.4850097596645355,
0.165557861328125,
2.340625047683716,
0.42963868379592896,
2.29052734375,
0.31733399629592896,
0.13843993842601776,
0.2566162049770355,
0.41584473848342896,
0.11515674740076065,
0.3638916015625,
0.09899673610925674,
-0.23775024712085724,
0.25518494844436646,
-0.04826240614056587,
0.35242921113967896,
-0.174082949757576,
0.04662055894732475,
0.3899169862270355,
-0.929492175579071,
0.0943119078874588,
0.22924193739891052,
0.4314941465854645,
0.32404786348342896,
-0.20566406846046448,
0.334320068359375,
0.55712890625,
0.07163314521312714,
-0.2772216796875,
0.29814451932907104,
0.14318236708641052,
-0.1907707154750824,
-0.23074951767921448,
0.14149169623851776,
0.511914074420929,
0.20115967094898224,
0.04672851413488388,
0.09439315646886826,
0.169219970703125,
4.719531059265137,
0.07785949856042862,
0.20579834282398224,
0.16141967475414276,
0.20170287787914276,
0.38299560546875,
0.34245604276657104,
-0.15327759087085724,
0.11455325782299042,
0.16762694716453552,
0.30524903535842896,
0.268096923828125,
-0.09283904731273651,
-0.09681396186351776,
0.1614028960466385,
0.32594603300094604,
0.12001190334558487,
0.26075440645217896,
0.013658523559570312,
-0.06644821166992188,
0.133270263671875,
0.02953643724322319,
0.4156250059604645,
0.1426231414079666,
0.20811156928539276,
0.16767577826976776,
0.01003341656178236,
-0.09825591742992401,
-0.1629081666469574,
0.29653626680374146,
0.02282257005572319,
5.479296684265137,
0.0031250000465661287,
0.0035995482467114925,
-0.01509704627096653,
0.05724487453699112,
0.12037811428308487,
-0.1614837646484375,
-0.19814452528953552,
-0.23011168837547302,
-0.09792938083410263,
0.14617308974266052,
-0.32745361328125,
-0.33929443359375,
0.523022472858429,
0.05395965650677681,
0.4305786192417145,
-0.11085815727710724,
0.0973515510559082,
0.38640135526657104,
-0.39716798067092896,
0.5018554925918579,
-0.515551745891571,
0.29124754667282104,
-0.551953136920929,
-0.3851882815361023,
-0.05400886386632919,
-0.054663848131895065,
0.28254395723342896,
-0.3573974668979645,
0.08340606838464737,
0.17611083388328552,
0.606494128704071,
-0.2747436463832855,
0.2896484434604645,
-0.20783691108226776,
0.16645507514476776,
0.247660830616951,
-0.020090484991669655,
-0.07655791938304901,
0.1300184279680252,
0.42399901151657104,
0.17689208686351776,
-0.30167847871780396,
-0.05405578762292862,
0.11958465725183487,
0.061492919921875,
-0.08201293647289276,
-0.04000892490148544,
-0.11784668266773224,
-0.11463470757007599,
0.506787121295929,
-0.08001098781824112,
1.1743652820587158,
-0.013138199225068092,
0.43937987089157104,
0.38160401582717896,
-0.21746826171875,
0.28471070528030396,
0.00894012488424778,
-0.2179161012172699,
0.72705078125,
0.018918991088867188,
-0.14853516221046448,
0.1780548095703125,
0.28123778104782104,
0.4529052674770355,
0.48310548067092896,
-0.025239180773496628,
0.3575439453125,
-0.06968899071216583,
0.01725006103515625,
-0.12811127305030823,
-0.22514648735523224,
0.022895241156220436,
-0.21234130859375,
0.12244568020105362,
0.3284912109375,
0.015901947394013405,
0.09413337707519531,
0.12047195434570312,
-0.16840210556983948,
0.11130370944738388,
-0.3666137754917145,
0.008531952276825905,
0.08391265571117401,
-0.09979705512523651,
-0.22945061326026917,
0.007746887393295765,
0.4190673828125,
-0.17624512314796448,
0.33958739042282104,
0.4085327088832855,
-0.001964569091796875,
0.277191162109375,
0.17568664252758026,
0.04202232509851456,
0.2919250428676605,
0.16428223252296448,
-0.21281738579273224,
0.12536506354808807,
0.07473602145910263,
0.4410400390625,
0.2736526429653168,
-0.11901988834142685,
0.3316894471645355,
-0.038697052747011185,
0.1441963165998459,
-0.0034885406494140625,
0.09993133693933487,
0.0062805176712572575,
0.4947753846645355,
0.3251586854457855,
0.558398425579071,
-0.22561340034008026,
-0.176544189453125
] |
2160
|
Who coined the term epistemology?
|
[
{
"docid": "6556377#1",
"text": "Epistemology or theory of knowledge – branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. The term was introduced into English by the Scottish philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864). Epistemology asks the questions: \"What is knowledge?\", \"How is knowledge acquired?\", and \"What do people know?\"",
"title": "Outline of epistemology"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "2534829#2",
"text": "Christopher Longuet-Higgins has defined it as \"the construction of formal models of the processes - perceptual, intellectual, and linguistic - by which knowledge and understanding are achieved and communicated.\nIn his 1978 essay \"Epistemics: The Regulative Theory of Cognition,\" Alvin J. Goldman claims to have coined the term \"epistemics\" to describe a reorientation of epistemology. Goldman maintains that his epistemics is continuous with traditional epistemology and the new term is only to avoid opposition. Epistemics, in Goldman's version, differs only slightly from traditional epistemology in its alliance with the psychology of cognition; epistemics stresses the detailed study of mental processes and information-processing mechanisms that lead to knowledge or beliefs.",
"title": "Epistemics"
},
{
"docid": "33893567#0",
"text": "Viewed as an attack on African American Studies, epistmologies of displacement is term coined by Gilbert NMO Morris, in a series of lectures published in \"The Triptych Papers: Lectures in Post-Colonialism, Creolization and the Epistemologies of Displacement\".",
"title": "Epistemologies of displacement"
},
{
"docid": "70432#3",
"text": "The terms were coined in 1954 by linguist Kenneth Pike, who argued that the tools developed for describing linguistic behaviors could be adapted to the description of any human social behavior. As Pike noted, social scientists have long debated whether their knowledge is objective or subjective. Pike's innovation was to turn away from an epistemological debate, and turn instead to a methodological solution. \"Emic\" and \"etic\" are derived from the linguistic terms phonemic and phonetic respectively, which are in turn derived from Greek roots. The possibility of a truly objective description was discounted by Pike himself in his original work; he proposed the emic/etic dichotomy in anthropology as a way around philosophic issues about the very nature of objectivity.",
"title": "Emic and etic"
},
{
"docid": "27657798#3",
"text": "W.V.O. Quine advocated naturalizing epistemology by looking to natural sciences like psychology for a full explanation of knowledge. His work contributed to a resurgence of moral naturalism in the last half of the 20th century. Paul Kurtz, who believes that the careful, secular pursuit of normative rules is vital to society, coined the term \"eupraxophy\" to refer to his approach to normative ethics. Steven Pinker, Sam Harris, and Peter Singer believe that we learn what is right and wrong through reason and empirical methodology.\nMaria Ossowska thought that sociology was inextricably related to philosophical reflections on morality, including normative ethics. She proposed that science analyze: (a) existing social norms and their history, (b) the psychology of morality, and the way that individuals interact with moral matters and prescriptions, and (c) the sociology of morality.",
"title": "Science of morality"
},
{
"docid": "28182#5",
"text": "The term \"social epistemology\" was firstly used by the library scientists Margaret Egan and Jesse Shera in the 1950s. Steven Shapin also used it in 1979. However, it was not until the late 1980s that its current sense began to emerge. In 1987, the philosophical journal \"Synthese\" published a special issue on social epistemology which included two authors that have since taken the branch of epistemology in two divergent directions: Alvin Goldman and Steve Fuller. Fuller founded a journal called \"Social Epistemology: A journal of knowledge, culture, and policy\" in 1987 and published his first book, \"Social Epistemology\", in 1988. Goldman's \"Knowledge in a Social World\" came out in 1999. Goldman advocates for a type of epistemology which is sometimes called \"veritistic epistemology\" because of its large emphasis on truth. This type of epistemology is sometimes seen to side with \"essentialism\" as opposed to \"multiculturalism\". But Goldman has argued that this association between veritistic epistemology and essentialism is not necessary. He describes Social Epistemology as knowledge derived from one's interactions with another person, group or society.",
"title": "Social epistemology"
},
{
"docid": "10399772#5",
"text": "The term \"agnotology\" was first coined in a footnote in Proctor's 1995 book, \"The Cancer Wars: How Politics Shapes What We Know and Don't Know About Cancer\": \"Historians and philosophers of science have tended to treat ignorance as an ever-expanding vacuum into which knowledge is sucked – or even, as Johannes Kepler once put it, as the mother who must die for science to be born. Ignorance, though, is more complex than this. It has a distinct and changing political geography that is often an excellent indicator of the politics of knowledge. We need a political agnotology to complement our political epistemologies\".",
"title": "Agnotology"
},
{
"docid": "1367932#0",
"text": "Naturalized epistemology, coined by W. V. O. Quine, is a collection of philosophic views concerned with the theory of knowledge that emphasize the role of natural scientific methods. This shared emphasis on scientific methods of studying knowledge shifts focus to the empirical processes of knowledge acquisition and away from many traditional philosophical questions. There are noteworthy distinctions within naturalized epistemology. Replacement naturalism maintains that traditional epistemology should be abandoned and replaced with the methodologies of the natural sciences. The general thesis of cooperative naturalism is that traditional epistemology can benefit in its inquiry by using the knowledge we have gained from the cognitive sciences. Substantive naturalism focuses on an asserted equality of facts of knowledge and natural facts. \nObjections to naturalized epistemology have targeted features of the general project as well as characteristics of specific versions. Some objectors suggest that natural scientific knowledge cannot be circularly grounded by the knowledge obtained through cognitive science, which is itself a natural science. This objection from circularity has been aimed specifically at strict replacement naturalism. There are similar challenges to substance naturalism that maintain that the substance naturalists' thesis that all facts of knowledge are natural facts is not only circular but fails to accommodate certain facts. Several other objectors have found fault in the inability of naturalized methods to adequately address questions about what value forms of potential knowledge have or lack. Naturalized epistemology is generally opposed to the antipsychologism of Immanuel Kant, Gottlob Frege, Karl Popper, Edmund Husserl and others.",
"title": "Naturalized epistemology"
},
{
"docid": "58635305#0",
"text": "Epistemic injustice refers to unfairness due to aspects of knowledge (the domain of epistemology), how it is communicated, and how it is understood. The term was coined by Miranda Fricker in 2007, but its meaning has since evolved , and the concept's origins can be traced to discussions about oppression, power and knowledge from long before the term was coined .",
"title": "Epistemic Injustice"
},
{
"docid": "28182#8",
"text": "The basic view of knowledge that motivated the emergence of social epistemology as it is perceived today can be traced to the work of Thomas Kuhn and Michel Foucault, which gained acknowledgment at the end of the 1960s. Both brought historical concerns directly to bear on problems long associated with the philosophy of science. Perhaps the most notable issue here was the nature of truth, which both Kuhn and Foucault described as a relative and contingent notion. On this background, ongoing work in the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and the history and philosophy of science (HPS) was able to assert its epistemological consequences, leading most notably to the establishment of the strong programme at the University of Edinburgh. In terms of the two strands of social epistemology, Fuller is more sensitive and receptive to this historical trajectory (if not always in agreement) than Goldman, whose \"veritistic\" social epistemology can be reasonably read as a systematic rejection of the more extreme claims associated with Kuhn and Foucault.",
"title": "Social epistemology"
}
] |
[
0.5122736096382141,
0.4868607819080353,
-0.23613391816616058,
0.15607105195522308,
0.16407914459705353,
-0.060492776334285736,
0.5220614075660706,
-0.27017489075660706,
0.21113725006580353,
0.24626021087169647,
-0.37279441952705383,
-0.24417947232723236,
-0.7559481263160706,
0.010029185563325882,
-0.5043168663978577,
-0.04009992256760597,
0.40598365664482117,
-0.3278343975543976,
-0.10642866790294647,
0.055351950228214264,
0.18531660735607147,
0.16647061705589294,
0.04254275932908058,
-0.18044905364513397,
0.3196244537830353,
0.12837634980678558,
-0.31936922669410706,
-0.045069608837366104,
0.13697399199008942,
0.6173650622367859,
0.4691939055919647,
0.04672795906662941,
0.052149079740047455,
0.2973133325576782,
-0.3739568591117859,
0.135833740234375,
0.49496182799339294,
-0.011823133565485477,
0.25802335143089294,
0.5777921080589294,
0.024169575423002243,
0.16722522675991058,
0.2654065191745758,
0.15034069120883942,
0.31884765625,
-0.0644964724779129,
0.18857644498348236,
0.12076915055513382,
-0.15574784576892853,
-0.09941933304071426,
-0.41048917174339294,
-0.021022623404860497,
-0.19103726744651794,
-0.20859041810035706,
-0.4834650158882141,
0.38955965638160706,
0.31047335267066956,
0.5727317333221436,
0.1371973156929016,
-0.16405972838401794,
0.251861572265625,
0.11028636246919632,
0.1648474633693695,
0.0043858615681529045,
-0.24332775175571442,
0.19647216796875,
-0.10278875380754471,
0.09267494827508926,
0.17433999478816986,
0.28463467955589294,
-0.02854052372276783,
0.3431396484375,
0.4701038599014282,
0.07175341248512268,
0.32533958554267883,
0.17057210206985474,
-0.3187699615955353,
0.5184215307235718,
0.2918812036514282,
-0.0030332044698297977,
0.30886563658714294,
-0.07252641022205353,
0.2421819567680359,
0.38718482851982117,
-0.46859464049339294,
0.3908247649669647,
-0.23534046113491058,
0.2420099377632141,
-0.3400768041610718,
0.24013033509254456,
-0.12370855361223221,
0.5150923132896423,
-0.20787186920642853,
-0.2794356048107147,
-0.17221346497535706,
0.2380926012992859,
0.2689208984375,
-0.6119495630264282,
0.07846277207136154,
-0.38767310976982117,
0.08984375,
-0.20356611907482147,
-0.04592461884021759,
0.3275701403617859,
0.06955788284540176,
-0.40915748476982117,
-0.06616766005754471,
-0.16424976289272308,
0.3445490002632141,
0.33560457825660706,
0.14686168730258942,
-0.061978425830602646,
-0.21040552854537964,
0.0045804111286997795,
0.114654541015625,
-0.061981894075870514,
0.1535089612007141,
0.07491926848888397,
-0.041756369173526764,
-0.8074840307235718,
0.39212313294410706,
0.18687023222446442,
-0.3255504369735718,
0.09103948622941971,
-0.11578022688627243,
0.03263300284743309,
0.43361595273017883,
0.10014932602643967,
0.6776456236839294,
0.22202786803245544,
0.23158957064151764,
0.007711237296462059,
0.5936612486839294,
0.41756924986839294,
0.36057350039482117,
0.2990056872367859,
0.33840110898017883,
0.06773237884044647,
0.5512029528617859,
-0.43814364075660706,
0.14221607148647308,
0.18864856660366058,
0.058304525911808014,
0.32658109068870544,
-0.6503240466117859,
0.14976362884044647,
-0.06765885651111603,
0.47989168763160706,
-0.0501205176115036,
0.5152477025985718,
0.11352816224098206,
0.1903131604194641,
-0.05672246590256691,
0.35696688294410706,
-0.30582496523857117,
0.30165794491767883,
0.3314874768257141,
-0.10027799010276794,
0.12640242278575897,
0.42696866393089294,
0.7354403138160706,
0.31375399231910706,
0.23030506074428558,
-0.26546964049339294,
0.10336858779191971,
0.24576638638973236,
-0.00531630078330636,
0.10826423019170761,
0.4774946868419647,
-0.2832197844982147,
-0.2844682037830353,
-0.09046797454357147,
0.2831254303455353,
-0.07206587493419647,
0.17720447480678558,
0.2779541015625,
0.056069113314151764,
0.22064208984375,
0.32674893736839294,
-0.16631802916526794,
0.20665393769741058,
-0.041039206087589264,
0.09689053893089294,
0.1281793713569641,
0.3979935944080353,
0.26480379700660706,
0.4128972887992859,
0.13679088652133942,
-0.3052978515625,
0.4440474212169647,
-0.031087355688214302,
-0.023128163069486618,
0.7754793763160706,
-0.19736550748348236,
-0.10448386520147324,
0.5438343286514282,
-0.0016673695063218474,
0.5134943127632141,
-0.22476039826869965,
0.1371404528617859,
-0.21092917025089264,
0.17317892611026764,
-0.6361860632896423,
0.12852616608142853,
0.3381791412830353,
-0.3352827727794647,
0.020046580582857132,
0.00985180214047432,
-0.20510587096214294,
0.00633101025596261,
0.8201349377632141,
0.04589046165347099,
0.3666881322860718,
0.5678600072860718,
-0.3787064850330353,
0.07759961485862732,
-0.026505904272198677,
0.2787031829357147,
0.4816450774669647,
0.13948751986026764,
-0.0835408940911293,
0.5580167174339294,
-0.12520252168178558,
-0.3136298358440399,
-0.14304421842098236,
-0.24163818359375,
-0.037234220653772354,
-0.125701904296875,
0.05469781532883644,
0.29177024960517883,
-0.123321533203125,
-0.03502030670642853,
0.0901031494140625,
-0.41836825013160706,
0.14277787506580353,
0.5228826403617859,
0.2518573999404907,
-0.011897694319486618,
0.2706298828125,
0.14597181975841522,
0.4435591399669647,
0.4551891088485718,
0.08964087814092636,
0.1608172357082367,
0.3730024993419647,
-0.17218850553035736,
0.5685813426971436,
-0.04851185157895088,
-0.2623180150985718,
-0.04781480133533478,
-0.024499719962477684,
-0.1434130221605301,
0.3184759020805359,
-0.022035425528883934,
-0.2902665436267853,
0.06690008193254471,
-0.06803850829601288,
-0.09956637024879456,
0.13775886595249176,
-0.013763774186372757,
0.23647794127464294,
0.06626302748918533,
0.38436612486839294,
0.40329810976982117,
-0.27463600039482117,
0.024219166487455368,
0.4976695775985718,
0.4162153899669647,
0.06586802750825882,
0.025437789037823677,
0.5298073291778564,
-0.156646728515625,
0.09352850168943405,
0.053036775439977646,
-0.5840731263160706,
-0.24793590605258942,
0.5198641419410706,
0.3170055150985718,
-0.8084161877632141,
-0.48095703125,
0.23849210143089294,
-0.2857062518596649,
-0.20876242220401764,
0.17607532441616058,
0.12130390852689743,
0.5677601099014282,
0.35984107851982117,
0.06918837875127792,
-0.2010296881198883,
-0.2617964446544647,
-0.036791715770959854,
0.5468971729278564,
-0.125518798828125,
-0.295742392539978,
0.26734647154808044,
0.026484401896595955,
-0.037175264209508896,
-0.15572184324264526,
0.07950661331415176,
0.1099853515625,
0.5159578919410706,
-0.20453158020973206,
0.1781158447265625,
0.4303228259086609,
-0.1044079139828682,
-0.5619007349014282,
-0.09819377213716507,
0.46225807070732117,
-0.31087979674339294,
-0.03406479209661484,
0.5503595471382141,
-0.3583873510360718,
-0.0569470152258873,
0.5218839049339294,
0.4931640625,
0.6317027807235718,
0.3544144928455353,
-0.11995904892683029,
0.5209579467773438,
-0.05098481476306915,
-0.18088878691196442,
-0.07273206114768982,
-0.4247603118419647,
-0.15977893769741058,
0.13150857388973236,
-0.34127530455589294,
0.4219193756580353,
-0.32459327578544617,
0.30141380429267883,
0.2706465423107147,
0.2865891754627228,
-0.10697174072265625,
0.09954140335321426,
0.13943897187709808,
-0.18533740937709808,
0.40127840638160706,
-0.2598322033882141,
0.6684126257896423,
-0.20956698060035706,
-0.10889851301908493,
-0.20255206525325775,
-0.17992539703845978,
-0.06268310546875,
0.3432173430919647,
0.023487437516450882,
0.00655633769929409,
-0.1333826184272766,
-0.1661541610956192,
0.2529463469982147,
0.015880238264799118,
0.2827203869819641,
-0.195878803730011,
0.019370339810848236,
0.2243811935186386,
0.2413482666015625,
0.31980201601982117,
0.6221147179603577,
-0.12351573258638382,
0.6444868445396423,
-0.24738658964633942,
-0.01196969673037529,
0.3302445709705353,
0.6854137182235718,
0.07637162506580353,
-0.02869207225739956,
0.10825694352388382,
0.06396484375,
0.18031449615955353,
0.039344094693660736,
0.3197132349014282,
0.011001933366060257,
-0.005589355248957872,
0.1870880126953125,
-0.22894287109375,
-0.2260076403617859,
0.024330832064151764,
-0.11891642212867737,
0.3039439916610718,
0.534912109375,
0.35494717955589294,
0.03380030021071434,
0.3054642975330353,
0.5485174059867859,
0.05942119285464287,
-0.5728870630264282,
-0.13943204283714294,
-0.05815922096371651,
0.17554543912410736,
-0.08589588850736618,
0.03470225632190704,
0.07795021682977676,
0.030432961881160736,
-0.1699163317680359,
-0.08874303847551346,
-0.2570967376232147,
-0.3945978283882141,
0.24764737486839294,
0.19944347441196442,
0.09502792358398438,
0.10483620315790176,
0.09665229171514511,
0.5145152807235718,
0.4817671477794647,
0.30801668763160706,
4.231534004211426,
-0.11813215911388397,
0.35684481263160706,
-0.2867487072944641,
-0.23185591399669647,
0.07542765885591507,
0.36446312069892883,
-0.618408203125,
-0.011968439444899559,
-0.10101422667503357,
-0.25502708554267883,
0.06385855376720428,
-0.02569025196135044,
0.26544466614723206,
-0.15934060513973236,
0.20951704680919647,
0.14206625521183014,
-0.0049542514607310295,
-0.03208507224917412,
0.13483498990535736,
-0.4232288599014282,
0.4956498444080353,
0.12852062284946442,
-0.2966419458389282,
0.12363641709089279,
0.16569934785366058,
0.057965364307165146,
0.29437255859375,
0.26851585507392883,
0.25081565976142883,
0.12399430572986603,
-0.15464505553245544,
-0.0985260009765625,
0.036155007779598236,
-0.5882235169410706,
0.010351007804274559,
0.2588390111923218,
0.35707786679267883,
-0.11162220686674118,
0.16070833802223206,
-0.2946333587169647,
0.12737274169921875,
0.07421458512544632,
0.6490367650985718,
-0.08994102478027344,
-0.4088023900985718,
-0.30306729674339294,
0.4958939850330353,
0.075439453125,
0.21543745696544647,
0.2848344147205353,
0.219970703125,
0.05269761383533478,
-0.22419600188732147,
0.33396217226982117,
0.5487171411514282,
-0.08397050201892853,
0.176513671875,
-0.1953069567680359,
-0.22815842926502228,
-0.10041670501232147,
-0.4571644067764282,
-0.3242853283882141,
0.06680228561162949,
0.062591552734375,
0.10743296891450882,
0.4084361791610718,
0.3527721166610718,
0.34268465638160706,
-0.15683625638484955,
0.24902482330799103,
0.3033003509044647,
-0.028694845736026764,
-0.3820023834705353,
0.06583890318870544,
-0.22331376373767853,
-0.45894554257392883,
-0.1581171154975891,
-0.04859074577689171,
-0.2523970305919647,
0.030620228499174118,
-0.06826920807361603,
0.40622779726982117,
-0.062441740185022354,
0.01250180322676897,
0.4827991724014282,
0.18676342070102692,
-0.3121504485607147,
0.4414506256580353,
0.12971080839633942,
-0.08369064331054688,
-0.3202015161514282,
-0.011966705322265625,
0.11344771087169647,
0.19732666015625,
0.14213977754116058,
0.03479259833693504,
-4.0085225105285645,
0.33291903138160706,
0.48128995299339294,
0.09005945175886154,
0.20350231230258942,
0.18383096158504486,
0.11674222350120544,
0.21383944153785706,
-0.41568270325660706,
0.558837890625,
-0.1603490710258484,
0.11967936158180237,
-0.07228643447160721,
0.3808038830757141,
0.23832009732723236,
0.13141007721424103,
0.4197332262992859,
0.10123097151517868,
0.3592640161514282,
-0.11841375380754471,
0.09755914658308029,
0.046918001025915146,
0.5655184388160706,
-0.4625909924507141,
0.13819192349910736,
0.12374713271856308,
0.3304956555366516,
-0.14223133027553558,
0.33401766419410706,
0.11959561705589294,
-0.46494361758232117,
0.4393199682235718,
0.6978426575660706,
-0.30336692929267883,
0.28769752383232117,
0.2767500579357147,
0.3353104889392853,
0.09710823744535446,
0.40236595273017883,
0.7545276880264282,
0.25972679257392883,
0.3373829126358032,
0.27005282044410706,
0.13034890592098236,
0.13872042298316956,
0.18598799407482147,
-0.5191539525985718,
-0.11472389847040176,
-0.13857199251651764,
-0.24053955078125,
0.1669042706489563,
0.4562211334705353,
-0.062142111361026764,
0.14072765409946442,
0.12690319120883942,
-0.17327880859375,
-0.18106912076473236,
0.1335393786430359,
0.20198474824428558,
0.7896395325660706,
0.2475225329399109,
-0.3249706029891968,
0.20152144134044647,
-0.1449030041694641,
0.2655473053455353,
-0.027415882796049118,
0.10733378678560257,
0.5481622815132141,
0.44040748476982117,
-0.3759821057319641,
0.35195091366767883,
0.41249778866767883,
0.24613814055919647,
-0.29931917786598206,
0.3991255462169647,
0.20163241028785706,
-0.3445490002632141,
-0.13398326933383942,
0.6998845934867859,
0.2721363306045532,
-0.067498117685318,
0.29251375794410706,
-0.404296875,
-0.04746801033616066,
2.6736505031585693,
0.6762029528617859,
2.1702768802642822,
0.37552157044410706,
0.6139692664146423,
0.05033111572265625,
0.026467757299542427,
0.12329795211553574,
-0.1838933825492859,
-0.08036353439092636,
-0.06994073837995529,
0.1495252102613449,
-0.07133900374174118,
-0.25924405455589294,
-0.3474370837211609,
-0.33188697695732117,
0.2994787096977234,
-1.0038396120071411,
0.05087834969162941,
-0.41986083984375,
0.1727350354194641,
-0.03645879402756691,
0.12304132431745529,
0.5828746557235718,
0.17390026152133942,
-0.26120272278785706,
0.07762423157691956,
0.10707230865955353,
0.2396240234375,
-0.0617218017578125,
-0.022288929671049118,
-0.009889082051813602,
0.1799774169921875,
-0.17446066439151764,
0.3427734375,
0.27529075741767883,
-0.17756791412830353,
4.673650741577148,
0.152435302734375,
-0.27999600768089294,
0.11776386946439743,
0.09704659134149551,
0.25603416562080383,
0.3456587493419647,
0.008437416516244411,
-0.06674263626337051,
0.02123815380036831,
0.19373807311058044,
0.4284778833389282,
-0.049477316439151764,
0.07971174269914627,
0.2809947729110718,
0.1464940905570984,
-0.051750876009464264,
0.029335714876651764,
0.06247815117239952,
0.21713118255138397,
0.06767428666353226,
-0.22577042877674103,
0.48299893736839294,
-0.05362944304943085,
-0.3283025622367859,
0.03837446868419647,
-0.08236277848482132,
0.05125565826892853,
-0.012458107434213161,
0.17864297330379486,
0.05783618614077568,
5.396306991577148,
0.24754194915294647,
0.15372952818870544,
0.0239105224609375,
0.16237570345401764,
-0.061932001262903214,
-0.3625932037830353,
-0.05534501373767853,
-0.040879618376493454,
-0.13842496275901794,
0.0834197998046875,
0.21706320345401764,
-0.122772216796875,
0.4372197985649109,
0.2896728515625,
0.3912103772163391,
-0.08832810074090958,
-0.19961825013160706,
0.013075395487248898,
0.07462332397699356,
0.23585094511508942,
0.21368408203125,
0.44582298398017883,
-0.40047386288642883,
0.010126287117600441,
0.14303450286388397,
-0.012561451643705368,
0.04314769431948662,
0.026111256331205368,
-0.20723100006580353,
0.26467064023017883,
-0.0035275546833872795,
-0.5786576867103577,
0.28549471497535706,
0.06462374329566956,
0.2098749279975891,
0.41921165585517883,
-0.1467950940132141,
0.345458984375,
-0.3241133391857147,
0.2752685546875,
0.5467640161514282,
-0.12185807526111603,
0.18807220458984375,
0.038742758333683014,
0.02078264392912388,
-0.4076482653617859,
0.11410383880138397,
-0.06682933121919632,
0.3720148205757141,
0.2627452611923218,
0.21799816191196442,
0.8013805150985718,
0.11678522080183029,
0.07137784361839294,
0.1744384765625,
0.030341409146785736,
0.19920487701892853,
0.2310541272163391,
-0.01760552078485489,
0.38385009765625,
0.038793910294771194,
-0.11735422164201736,
0.3437056243419647,
0.6988192200660706,
0.2634166479110718,
0.42018821835517883,
0.0012172352289780974,
0.6037375926971436,
-0.21120382845401764,
-0.11346435546875,
0.12469065934419632,
-0.06778924912214279,
0.2020929455757141,
-0.034792814403772354,
-0.06936090439558029,
-0.004097331780940294,
-0.26602450013160706,
0.06643953919410706,
0.16154064238071442,
-0.40322044491767883,
-0.11364035308361053,
-0.1505449414253235,
0.011226133443415165,
-0.03269750252366066,
-0.28207120299339294,
-0.23250509798526764,
0.047790396958589554,
0.057703886181116104,
0.02768438495695591,
0.08722617477178574,
-0.1973821520805359,
0.07204992324113846,
0.3906915783882141,
0.6087979674339294,
0.06523825973272324,
0.3363480865955353,
0.40883567929267883,
0.11605418473482132,
0.1046551764011383,
-0.2812747061252594,
0.030086863785982132,
-0.2883744537830353,
0.07530108094215393,
0.13979269564151764,
-0.3008367419242859,
0.1057330071926117,
0.08291764557361603,
0.3674427270889282,
-0.0032369440887123346,
0.49070045351982117,
-0.21167096495628357,
-0.23332352936267853,
-0.02109735645353794,
0.1117810308933258
] |
2161
|
What is the trunk circumference of the Angel Oak in South Carolina?
|
[
{
"docid": "3863109#0",
"text": "Angel Oak is a Southern live oak (\"Quercus virginiana\") located in Angel Oak Park on Johns Island near Charleston, South Carolina. The tree is estimated to be 400-500 years old. It stands 66.5 ft (20 m) tall, measures 28 ft (8.5 m) in circumference, and produces shade that covers 17,200 square feet (1,600 m). Its longest branch distance is 187 ft in length. Angel Oak was the 210th tree to be registered with the Live Oak Society.\nThe oak derives its name from the estate of Justus Angel and his wife, Martha Waight Tucker Angel. Local folklore tells stories of ghosts of former slaves appearing as angels around the tree.",
"title": "Angel Oak"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "3863106#13",
"text": "The Angel Oak is a living Southern live oak tree located on Johns Island. Estimates of the tree's age range from 400 to 1500 years old. The oak is tall, with a trunk circumference of . In spite of the popular belief that the Angel Oak is the oldest tree east of the Mississippi River, there are many baldcypress trees throughout the south which are many hundreds of years older. The Angel Oak stands on part of the land given to Jacob Waight in 1717 as part of a land grant. The Angel Oak was acquired by the City of Charleston in 1991. Today, Angel Oak Park provides visitors a close look at the tree. The park area is complete with a gift shop and picnic tables.",
"title": "Johns Island, South Carolina"
},
{
"docid": "3863109#1",
"text": "Despite the claims that the Angel Oak is the oldest tree east of the Mississippi River, bald cypress trees throughout North and South Carolina are significantly older. One example in North Carolina is over 1,600 years old.",
"title": "Angel Oak"
},
{
"docid": "44053577#2",
"text": "The tree is over 500 years old. It has a trunk circumference of , a spread of , and a height of . The tree is surrounded by a wooden fence except for a path leading to the ladder which gives access to the hole in the trunk; the hole is approximately off the ground and 30 cm (1 ft) wide. Since the mid-1990s, the crown has been roped to prevent its collapsing. In 2014 a fungal infection (\"Laetiporus sulphureus\") was detected in the trunk and branches; branches have been shortened to reduce wear and the cabling renewed.",
"title": "Bridegroom's Oak"
},
{
"docid": "2772005#2",
"text": "The tree has a trunk over 25 feet in circumference, it rises to height of 70 feet, and its crown spreads over 145 feet, with twisting branches that bow to the ground and curl back up. The oak shades a roughly circular area, about 190 feet in diameter.",
"title": "Treaty Oak (Jacksonville)"
},
{
"docid": "25896140#0",
"text": "The Sagole Baobab (also Sagole Big Tree, Muri kunguluwa (i.e. tree that roars), or Muvhuyu wa Makhadzi) is the largest baobab tree (\"Adansonia digitata\") in South Africa. It is located east from Tshipise, in Vendaland, Limpopo Province and has a trunk diameter 10.47 metres, circumference 32.89 metres. That means, there is a need of aprox. 18-20 people to complete embracing the tree with open hands. There is an entrance fee payable of ZAR 25 per person to see the tree.",
"title": "Sagole Baobab"
},
{
"docid": "42072073#0",
"text": "The Oaks, also known as the Cooler House, is a historic plantation house located on Saint Helena Island near Frogmore, Beaufort County, South Carolina. It was built about 1855, and is a two-story, vernacular frame I-House. Edward L. Pierce chose The Oaks as his headquarters during the military occupation of St. Helena during the American Civil War. The Oaks was the center for military and agricultural activities on the island. On June 18, 1862, Ellen Murray, who had ten days earlier arrived from Pennsylvania, opened the Penn School for Freedmen in a back room of the house. The house also served as a hotel for military personnel from Port Royal, superintendents, and teachers.",
"title": "The Oaks (Frogmore, South Carolina)"
},
{
"docid": "25896437#1",
"text": "It is 22 metres high and 47 metres in circumference. The trunk diameter was 10.64 metres (only the Glencoe Baobab up to its 2009 split was larger), and the crown diameter is 30.2 metres. The trunk consists of two connected sections, each with its own enormous hollow, and these are connected by a narrow passage. One third of the Boabab tree collapsed in August 2016. This was ascribed to age and the natural hollowing of the trunk with time. The property owners intend to leave the fallen trunk section as it fell, allowing natural processes to reshape and assimilate the feature.",
"title": "Sunland Baobab"
},
{
"docid": "42530099#0",
"text": "The Oaks is a historic plantation house located near Winnsboro, Fairfield County, South Carolina in the Piedmont region. It was built about 1850, and is a large, two-story, weatherboarded frame residence with a gable-end roof. The front façade features a central, two-tiered pedimented portico supported by four simple wooden columns. From 1856 the property was owned by John Montgomery Lemmon. Considered a moderately wealthy planter, in 1860 he owned 19 slaves and his entire plantation was worth $10,000.",
"title": "The Oaks (Winnsboro, South Carolina)"
},
{
"docid": "5956645#4",
"text": "Beech Hill Road is the section of SC 61 that travels from SC 165 to US 17A. The Legend Oaks Plantation is south of this section of highway.",
"title": "South Carolina Highway 61"
}
] |
[
0.2536872327327728,
0.14914636313915253,
-0.30626365542411804,
0.09296686202287674,
-0.22948186099529266,
0.24486766755580902,
0.30662626028060913,
-0.2379365861415863,
-0.004712609574198723,
0.25656306743621826,
-0.12740550935268402,
-0.35090187191963196,
-0.20579977333545685,
0.1733829230070114,
-0.020352307707071304,
0.020382151007652283,
0.2556403577327728,
0.1443696916103363,
-0.40467026829719543,
-0.1837984025478363,
-0.34982478618621826,
0.19485294818878174,
0.3788272738456726,
0.19438979029655457,
-0.024015415459871292,
0.1596953421831131,
-0.42192527651786804,
0.10279127955436707,
-0.36315199732780457,
0.33948472142219543,
0.3032657504081726,
-0.12717393040657043,
0.3166863024234772,
0.3297455608844757,
-0.2925468981266022,
0.2596435546875,
0.1846403181552887,
0.08157887309789658,
-0.007238051388412714,
1.0779238939285278,
0.02124113216996193,
0.26451918482780457,
0.2773168087005615,
0.18734562397003174,
0.32700347900390625,
-0.2365039587020874,
-0.39616844058036804,
-0.024100584909319878,
-0.27083542943000793,
-0.09492716938257217,
-0.09167839586734772,
0.41469821333885193,
0.06327371299266815,
-0.00800323486328125,
-0.2084406614303589,
0.3200570344924927,
0.2967924177646637,
0.7706944942474365,
-0.08815450966358185,
-0.09166563302278519,
0.3724724352359772,
-0.16467106342315674,
-0.2825281620025635,
0.09348521381616592,
0.16016365587711334,
0.29246610403060913,
0.10660821944475174,
0.01987849548459053,
-0.03658698499202728,
0.11553012579679489,
0.049842387437820435,
0.8266314268112183,
0.5659610629081726,
0.175537109375,
0.06097591668367386,
-0.5844439268112183,
-0.23065903782844543,
0.3162626326084137,
0.4625818729400635,
-0.3672395646572113,
0.6766572594642639,
-0.0010252560023218393,
0.004358516074717045,
-0.019916757941246033,
-0.3203160762786865,
0.7480756044387817,
-0.01112455502152443,
-0.05306456983089447,
0.2878848910331726,
0.4951602816581726,
-0.0830015316605568,
0.27758699655532837,
-0.3902228772640228,
0.19492295384407043,
0.07457593083381653,
0.4381965100765228,
0.09955529868602753,
-0.19549627602100372,
0.1585783064365387,
-0.40552476048469543,
-0.2496158331632614,
-0.27747300267219543,
-0.10075109452009201,
0.5602883696556091,
0.056695207953453064,
-0.34494197368621826,
-0.19604536890983582,
0.2721952497959137,
0.21112194657325745,
0.12707968056201935,
0.2551179826259613,
0.06918603926897049,
0.7771427035331726,
0.0735258236527443,
0.13912425935268402,
0.08936578780412674,
0.5524476170539856,
-0.1873348504304886,
-0.2544896602630615,
-0.8699161410331726,
0.4730440080165863,
0.3378511369228363,
-0.21709127724170685,
0.003953597042709589,
-0.11322873830795288,
0.04968239367008209,
0.4285529553890228,
-0.23959529399871826,
0.5648408532142639,
0.481201171875,
0.15615665912628174,
0.42456772923469543,
0.31983858346939087,
0.8795668482780457,
0.17807680368423462,
0.0596642792224884,
0.4095099866390228,
-0.12205774337053299,
0.3636043667793274,
-0.0954710990190506,
-0.03249246999621391,
0.13808421790599823,
-0.04459381103515625,
0.642822265625,
0.18560297787189484,
0.20989631116390228,
0.38261863589286804,
0.4598029553890228,
0.21662813425064087,
-0.016637690365314484,
0.5336626768112183,
-0.11467339098453522,
-0.11814431846141815,
0.3917451798915863,
0.3554902970790863,
-0.2113463431596756,
0.5161347985267639,
0.0581391267478466,
0.3282686173915863,
0.18017219007015228,
0.662956714630127,
0.2845028042793274,
-0.1293608695268631,
-0.06984194368124008,
0.17654778063297272,
0.2718290388584137,
-0.174652099609375,
0.581657886505127,
0.5358599424362183,
-0.28829777240753174,
-0.47999483346939087,
0.12008846551179886,
0.3315492570400238,
-0.27841365337371826,
-0.06727689504623413,
0.28227683901786804,
-0.46983426809310913,
0.11573869735002518,
-0.2040034979581833,
-0.03976103663444519,
-0.1584293097257614,
0.49152687191963196,
0.16529756784439087,
0.0582091398537159,
0.599609375,
0.3263154923915863,
-0.19420398771762848,
0.07314883917570114,
-0.060717303305864334,
0.20507094264030457,
0.39871037006378174,
-0.08355870097875595,
0.8616728186607361,
-0.04529758170247078,
-0.2204410284757614,
-0.21633732318878174,
-0.40367576479911804,
0.41307157278060913,
-0.2753080427646637,
0.006100598722696304,
0.6411276459693909,
-0.3356072008609772,
-0.30579331517219543,
0.1774776726961136,
0.42467543482780457,
-0.4914515018463135,
0.2462158203125,
-0.2481938600540161,
-0.11905614286661148,
-0.24658381938934326,
-0.08399853855371475,
0.0946764126420021,
0.39496925473213196,
0.2646316587924957,
-0.4276769161224365,
0.3528047502040863,
-0.15444408357143402,
-0.308734655380249,
0.4622371792793274,
0.10671054571866989,
-0.45408719778060913,
0.5156106352806091,
0.09466193616390228,
0.08533298224210739,
0.42468979954719543,
-0.2513391971588135,
-0.030233271420001984,
-0.384033203125,
0.22912238538265228,
0.1822114884853363,
0.3599332869052887,
0.20904585719108582,
0.41313260793685913,
-0.16320441663265228,
0.5816004276275635,
0.3505069613456726,
0.16073305904865265,
0.26687443256378174,
-0.05649162828922272,
0.28163057565689087,
0.13755394518375397,
-0.49075138568878174,
-0.4002470076084137,
0.28568941354751587,
0.33356788754463196,
-0.12034786492586136,
0.18966495990753174,
0.27169013023376465,
-0.22569723427295685,
-0.1020265445113182,
-0.20253439247608185,
-0.39258888363838196,
-0.5147920250892639,
0.08392704278230667,
-0.03377173840999603,
0.4356473982334137,
0.45494887232780457,
-0.15529228746891022,
0.2724297344684601,
0.4137609004974365,
0.836310863494873,
-0.1755460798740387,
0.5233800411224365,
0.5613654851913452,
-0.293487548828125,
0.022408204153180122,
0.16694551706314087,
0.5426384210586548,
-0.22165454924106598,
0.5119772553443909,
0.3362390995025635,
0.1016877144575119,
-0.009487376548349857,
0.6385210752487183,
-0.039848946034908295,
-0.21424058079719543,
0.31141573190689087,
-0.1334138810634613,
0.03652931749820709,
0.5715619325637817,
0.5371811985969543,
-0.0740877017378807,
0.005186193156987429,
-0.16413722932338715,
0.6127786040306091,
0.5736945867538452,
-0.19684699177742004,
-0.17881326377391815,
-0.027363721281290054,
0.19399845600128174,
0.501708984375,
0.4226505160331726,
0.2781031131744385,
-0.26684749126434326,
-0.141137957572937,
0.2532564103603363,
0.11330526322126389,
-0.0029494340997189283,
0.3335535526275635,
-0.10394287109375,
1.2053653001785278,
-0.63330078125,
0.5431554317474365,
-0.31579411029815674,
0.26150333881378174,
-0.1430116593837738,
-0.3946892321109772,
0.016606947407126427,
-0.21334660053253174,
0.5215777158737183,
0.5371308922767639,
-0.18002161383628845,
0.08741946518421173,
0.05262083187699318,
0.4828239977359772,
0.10262612998485565,
0.013724720105528831,
0.026241302490234375,
0.35290077328681946,
-0.029877550899982452,
-0.22082968056201935,
0.024798674508929253,
-0.2636287808418274,
-0.3387882113456726,
0.19056253135204315,
-0.34604600071907043,
0.13634030520915985,
-0.24340461194515228,
0.5293686985969543,
-0.028850778937339783,
0.028453154489398003,
0.23632901906967163,
-0.38467228412628174,
0.22405287623405457,
-0.5409150719642639,
0.17339235544204712,
0.2854219377040863,
0.5057373046875,
-0.05871761590242386,
-0.16912752389907837,
-0.17571662366390228,
0.10262387990951538,
0.15674905478954315,
0.35749366879463196,
-0.217041015625,
-0.2125827521085739,
0.15474016964435577,
0.29411405324935913,
0.5227769017219543,
0.2047334611415863,
0.11202077567577362,
0.5984748601913452,
-0.1847659796476364,
-0.4442102909088135,
-0.2039579451084137,
-0.005518296267837286,
-0.042302075773477554,
0.24239063262939453,
-0.14879047870635986,
-0.18344295024871826,
-0.1026063784956932,
0.4661506116390228,
0.40062040090560913,
-0.08482170104980469,
0.4671846330165863,
-0.017405986785888672,
-0.35548311471939087,
0.20661477744579315,
-0.4148380160331726,
-0.038284748792648315,
0.3903557360172272,
0.06345883756875992,
0.10281349718570709,
0.24146226048469543,
-0.17715275287628174,
-0.4808565080165863,
-0.07501243054866791,
0.46579158306121826,
0.46202895045280457,
-0.015674928203225136,
-0.006854337640106678,
0.39111328125,
-0.14300896227359772,
-0.02535831183195114,
-0.28744328022003174,
-0.14780022203922272,
-0.05216867849230766,
0.29931819438934326,
0.13364724814891815,
-0.11880852282047272,
0.04198615625500679,
-0.3148229122161865,
0.17578035593032837,
0.19009937345981598,
-0.0912412777543068,
0.14552755653858185,
0.002029979834333062,
0.027839211747050285,
0.4697696566581726,
-0.0724945068359375,
-0.033144332468509674,
0.186065673828125,
0.790412425994873,
0.3099006116390228,
3.9794347286224365,
0.3432186245918274,
0.13360774517059326,
-0.02155260741710663,
-0.01895051822066307,
0.5962775945663452,
0.28402888774871826,
0.32252052426338196,
0.22702564299106598,
-0.04321109503507614,
0.044673629105091095,
0.20087724924087524,
-0.07206860929727554,
0.4344266951084137,
-0.1838042289018631,
0.45207664370536804,
0.45968806743621826,
0.3562047481536865,
-0.24943991005420685,
0.2393978387117386,
-0.24118636548519135,
0.19699248671531677,
0.3383142948150635,
-0.10489743947982788,
0.563239574432373,
-0.21139347553253174,
0.35562312602996826,
0.2051059454679489,
0.7273667454719543,
0.05371071398258209,
0.27080222964286804,
-0.2176513671875,
-0.1736234724521637,
0.1618777960538864,
-0.810173511505127,
0.45919978618621826,
0.2809699475765228,
0.1321500837802887,
0.17525526881217957,
0.17301581799983978,
-0.4338809847831726,
-0.06062496453523636,
0.01681765355169773,
0.41804054379463196,
-0.09861957281827927,
0.17404533922672272,
-0.1392190009355545,
0.24212287366390228,
-0.06108945980668068,
0.572021484375,
0.3792293667793274,
-0.25934913754463196,
0.022258086130023003,
-0.31278541684150696,
0.16042013466358185,
0.3302791714668274,
0.4303768277168274,
0.38390395045280457,
-0.12750333547592163,
-0.021164612844586372,
0.35125732421875,
-0.37388700246810913,
0.31365248560905457,
-0.2024661749601364,
-0.30459415912628174,
0.19077076017856598,
-0.1004791259765625,
-0.04937744140625,
0.04505157470703125,
-0.10188204050064087,
0.11954902112483978,
0.2662999629974365,
-0.07605788111686707,
-0.19317851960659027,
-0.09694570302963257,
0.2728271484375,
-0.6452062129974365,
0.194549560546875,
0.09123140573501587,
0.24285081028938293,
0.22777602076530457,
-0.2716926038265228,
-0.21667121350765228,
0.32252413034439087,
-0.28344008326530457,
0.4612247347831726,
0.13093286752700806,
-0.49756577610969543,
0.22928394377231598,
-0.13660745322704315,
0.40880629420280457,
-0.01365751400589943,
0.21661017835140228,
0.35137939453125,
-0.31434541940689087,
0.04766845703125,
0.2597530484199524,
-3.9991958141326904,
-0.10194514691829681,
0.19837547838687897,
-0.17117847502231598,
-0.06156405434012413,
-0.06347241252660751,
0.0007884081569500268,
0.22399812936782837,
-0.3721134066581726,
0.27798837423324585,
-0.4482780992984772,
0.03502071648836136,
-0.24893009662628174,
0.13378816843032837,
0.1173768863081932,
-0.2698005139827728,
0.4332222640514374,
0.0901152640581131,
0.5332462191581726,
-0.20050048828125,
0.6323655247688293,
0.2476591169834137,
0.39161592721939087,
-0.09374281764030457,
0.19061458110809326,
0.2023589164018631,
0.19481703639030457,
-0.3913358747959137,
0.15688908100128174,
-0.43325626850128174,
0.08556545525789261,
-0.3070283830165863,
0.37046903371810913,
0.06874780356884003,
0.19631420075893402,
0.6948816776275635,
0.5566208958625793,
0.05055506154894829,
0.17043529450893402,
0.39277198910713196,
-0.03377947956323624,
0.14755401015281677,
0.39122816920280457,
0.087432861328125,
-0.06459493935108185,
0.2978336215019226,
-0.650275707244873,
-0.10839619487524033,
0.21859562397003174,
0.2483583390712738,
0.2974422574043274,
0.5424373745918274,
-0.23487405478954315,
-0.009433072991669178,
0.49075138568878174,
-0.17438103258609772,
-0.035543330013751984,
-0.4065156877040863,
0.3759406507015228,
0.09550229460000992,
0.2429109513759613,
-0.17286211252212524,
0.04179404675960541,
0.12778787314891815,
0.23338273167610168,
-0.048805683851242065,
-0.09615999460220337,
0.5638715028762817,
0.44137752056121826,
-0.666877269744873,
-0.025588765740394592,
-0.010860667563974857,
0.18958956003189087,
-0.11071328818798065,
-0.026664670556783676,
0.01201682910323143,
-0.05034356936812401,
-0.05516478419303894,
0.7267060875892639,
0.1698428839445114,
-0.09764143824577332,
-0.49330049753189087,
-0.22201448678970337,
0.48859718441963196,
2.154928684234619,
0.15437495708465576,
2.046875,
-0.031077329069375992,
0.2724402844905853,
0.3104463517665863,
-0.4496819078922272,
-0.06737680733203888,
0.013112012296915054,
0.15475285053253174,
0.8262580633163452,
0.32574462890625,
-0.1980465203523636,
0.06525667756795883,
-0.07247655838727951,
0.0317210853099823,
0.29582664370536804,
-0.8764217495918274,
0.29759666323661804,
-0.056450337171554565,
0.2571195662021637,
-0.05075522139668465,
-0.10107242316007614,
0.49618709087371826,
-0.11654842644929886,
-0.08736958354711533,
-0.10106883198022842,
-0.04830573499202728,
0.33531278371810913,
-0.012789557687938213,
-0.22131168842315674,
0.0852019339799881,
0.15600137412548065,
0.7907499670982361,
0.12011629343032837,
0.21140064299106598,
0.03238363936543465,
4.689108371734619,
-0.2022274285554886,
-0.41075941920280457,
-0.16791309416294098,
0.13463817536830902,
0.29955336451530457,
0.2603328824043274,
-0.04974040016531944,
0.22785501182079315,
0.1541839987039566,
0.6057236790657043,
0.05703252926468849,
0.08120458573102951,
-0.022443898022174835,
0.11279947310686111,
0.42091280221939087,
0.22602395713329315,
0.06412730365991592,
0.3339448869228363,
0.07499605417251587,
-0.11993497610092163,
0.20132984220981598,
0.4289981722831726,
-0.14603334665298462,
-0.2550407946109772,
0.07319046556949615,
0.08788882941007614,
-0.5367072820663452,
-0.12907476723194122,
0.4403435289859772,
-0.42518526315689087,
5.431295871734619,
-0.4377082288265228,
0.054155126214027405,
0.0027454320807009935,
0.1024843081831932,
0.24624454975128174,
-0.2519046664237976,
-0.10453257709741592,
-0.6690315008163452,
-0.16923612356185913,
-0.20051036775112152,
0.23580394685268402,
-0.04914093017578125,
0.5438519716262817,
0.4034208357334137,
0.2800687849521637,
-0.31499168276786804,
0.15173698961734772,
0.1589018851518631,
-0.08590605854988098,
0.1349855363368988,
-0.21120856702327728,
0.6207060217857361,
-0.545051097869873,
-0.6858305335044861,
-0.11254344135522842,
0.0169876329600811,
0.24276043474674225,
-0.21882091462612152,
0.09014735370874405,
0.015835929661989212,
-0.3144962191581726,
0.04535091668367386,
0.35690486431121826,
-0.0670093223452568,
0.10907790064811707,
0.48340561985969543,
0.13385728001594543,
-0.22558212280273438,
-0.09906993061304092,
-0.030360952019691467,
0.3592493534088135,
-0.28054630756378174,
-0.07372502982616425,
0.20755183696746826,
-0.43166935443878174,
-0.14736579358577728,
0.1232130378484726,
-0.14651668071746826,
0.052030451595783234,
0.40512263774871826,
0.11032553017139435,
0.9235983490943909,
0.4875272810459137,
0.6062442660331726,
0.4423828125,
-0.1933773308992386,
0.1594058722257614,
0.27516084909439087,
-0.14337068796157837,
0.3259492814540863,
0.09203153848648071,
-0.0014148039044812322,
0.3908511996269226,
0.3245275020599365,
0.41212373971939087,
0.23858463764190674,
0.007816090248525143,
0.2969234585762024,
-0.21429622173309326,
-0.1582731306552887,
-0.254879891872406,
-0.19396613538265228,
0.05344570428133011,
-0.295562744140625,
0.15728524327278137,
-0.15624462068080902,
-0.24627326428890228,
-0.21685342490673065,
-0.24036632478237152,
0.0868651419878006,
-0.15692183375358582,
0.008939743041992188,
0.09354715049266815,
-0.21267879009246826,
-0.13516706228256226,
-0.37982177734375,
-0.057703353464603424,
0.422619104385376,
-0.1775844842195511,
0.04656892642378807,
-0.03655916079878807,
-0.009296838194131851,
0.20560230314731598,
-0.1632937490940094,
0.5515711307525635,
-0.12735658884048462,
0.2766786515712738,
0.16739699244499207,
0.4291130602359772,
0.15591205656528473,
0.09013277292251587,
0.3254573941230774,
-0.10831406712532043,
0.3809598982334137,
-0.07290110737085342,
-0.19947993755340576,
-0.24632352590560913,
-0.12314381450414658,
0.4501522183418274,
0.5323127508163452,
0.15190213918685913,
-0.1482364386320114,
0.16451801359653473,
-0.08095056563615799
] |
2163
|
When was the Collingwood Football Club formed?
|
[
{
"docid": "90407#0",
"text": "The Collingwood Football Club, nicknamed the Magpies or even less formally the Pies, is a professional Australian rules football club playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). Formed in 1892 in the then-working class Melbourne suburb of Collingwood, the club played in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) before joining seven other teams in 1896 to found the breakaway Victorian Football League (now the national AFL). Originally based at Victoria Park, Collingwood now plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground with its training and administrative headquarters located at Olympic Park Oval and the Holden Centre.",
"title": "Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "17544012#3",
"text": "The Collingwood Football Club was born on the cusp of one of the world's worst depressions in February 1892. Collingwood played its first game in the Victorian Football Association, the premier football competition at the time, against Carlton Football Club on 7 May 1892.",
"title": "History of the Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "25031271#3",
"text": "In 1864, the Carlton Football Club was established. In 1877, they were one of the founding clubs of the Victorian Football Association. In 1892, the Collingwood Football Club was established and admitted to the Association.",
"title": "Carlton–Collingwood AFL rivalry"
},
{
"docid": "90407#4",
"text": "The Collingwood Football Club was established on 12 February 1892.",
"title": "Collingwood Football Club"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "90407#5",
"text": "In 1897, Collingwood, along with fellow VFA clubs Fitzroy, Melbourne, St Kilda, Carlton, Essendon, South Melbourne and Geelong split from the VFA and formed the Victorian Football League (VFL). Collingwood won its first premiership in 1902, defeating by 33 points.",
"title": "Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "17544012#8",
"text": "In 1897, Collingwood, along with fellow VFA clubs Fitzroy, Melbourne, St Kilda, Carlton, Essendon, South Melbourne and Geelong split from the VFA and formed the VFL (Victorian Football League).",
"title": "History of the Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "90407#30",
"text": "Collingwood is traditionally reviled by non-Collingwood supporters (\"You either love 'em or you hate 'em\"). The dislike of the club by outsiders is said to have originated during the 1920s and 1930s, a period of great success for the club which drew the envy and resentment of other clubs. In this period, Collingwood was also perceived as a Catholic and Irish club, at a time when these groups were looked down upon by the rest of Australian society and subjected to a considerable degree of social exclusion.",
"title": "Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "3406312#1",
"text": "The team was formed by Australian Football League club Collingwood Football Club and Heidelberg United, a former NSL team. The home strip was of a shirt with black and white stripes, with streaks of yellow, black shorts and white socks, with the kits being sponsored by Lotto Sport Italia. The club's home ground was Victoria Park. Coached by Zoran Matic, who had previously taken Adelaide City to two NSL championships, the Warriors made a promising start by winning the pre-season competition, defeating Marconi-Fairfield 1–0. Despite a strong start to the season in which the team went seven matches without defeat, Collingwood's form slumped and it ended up finishing second from bottom on the table. The team also lacked money, and disbanded at the end of the 1996/97 season. Throughout this period, Heidelberg maintained a separate team in the Victorian Premier League. Con Boutsianis, Goran Lozanovski and Kimon Taliadoros scored equal most goals for the club at seven each, with Frank Juric making the most appearances, of twenty-five for the club.",
"title": "Collingwood Warriors S.C."
},
{
"docid": "17544012#41",
"text": "The season of 2001 marked a whole new beginning for the Collingwood Football Club. Whilst, yes, it had new personal in 2000, the club used much of the year to clean out deadwood which was stagnating at the club. As Brown and Crosisca departed, so to did Brad Smith, Ricky Olarenshaw, Shane Watson and a number of others. But the biggest shocks came in the form of the trading of Paul Williams and the delisting of Saverio Rocca. Although the pair had not seen their best form for a year or two, it still came as a surprise to many at the speed the Magpies gave them away. The club, though, received nothing for Rocca's services, which was quite absurd, considering the fact that the Kangaroos were able to draft him with the 34th selection in the 2000 National Draft.",
"title": "History of the Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "90407#42",
"text": "In 2001, Collingwood reserves team was dissolved and the club entered into an affiliation with the VFL's Williamstown Football Club, such that Williamstown served as a feeder team and reserves players for Collingwood played senior football for Williamstown. Collingwood ended its affiliation with Williamstown after the 2007 season. The reserves team was re-established, and has competed in the VFL since 2008.",
"title": "Collingwood Football Club"
},
{
"docid": "90407#41",
"text": "Played:2,522 Won: 1,529 Drawn:27 Lost: 975\n\"(Last updated – End of 2018 season)\"\nCollingwood announced its team of the century on 14 June 1997, celebrating 100 years since the beginning of the VFL. Gavin Brown was added as the fourth interchange player in 2002, when the team was named in 1997 only three interchange players were permitted on a team.\nThis list comprises every captain of the club. This list does not include deputy captains filling in due to an injury to the named captain, but does include captains named after a player retires or steps down during the season.\nThe VFL/AFL operated a reserves competition from 1919–1991, and a \"de facto\" AFL reserves competition was run by the Victorian State Football League from 1992–1999. Collingwood fielded a reserves team in both of these competitions, allowing players who were not selected for the senior team to play for Collingwood in the lower grade. After the AFL reserves competition was disbanded at the end of 1999, the club fielded its reserves team in the new Victorian Football League during the 2000 season.",
"title": "Collingwood Football Club"
}
] |
[
0.20417647063732147,
0.048474397510290146,
-0.3349817395210266,
0.2545166015625,
-0.06972850114107132,
0.1727239489555359,
0.2965087890625,
-0.2300317883491516,
0.20175448060035706,
0.13724587857723236,
-0.1639106124639511,
-0.06472084671258926,
-0.46231356263160706,
0.4105779528617859,
-0.48037996888160706,
0.3650568127632141,
0.624755859375,
-0.10019198060035706,
-0.14646314084529877,
-0.19684115052223206,
0.20550537109375,
0.4758966565132141,
-0.3024735748767853,
0.11189963668584824,
-0.12066095322370529,
-0.13315539062023163,
-0.09070795029401779,
0.3455033600330353,
0.4246715307235718,
-0.07330045104026794,
0.40232154726982117,
-0.23682750761508942,
0.04642833396792412,
0.6745827198028564,
-0.24231234192848206,
0.23754674196243286,
0.32204368710517883,
-0.5100541710853577,
-0.2914872467517853,
0.7200816869735718,
0.04126115143299103,
0.052561499178409576,
0.8048650622367859,
0.07904572784900665,
0.5101873278617859,
0.19377551972866058,
0.22444568574428558,
0.34906837344169617,
-0.3721480071544647,
0.34383323788642883,
-0.2623180150985718,
-0.12856292724609375,
-0.2537841796875,
-0.12296364456415176,
-0.4271351099014282,
0.347900390625,
0.08141534775495529,
0.5321155786514282,
0.1721472293138504,
0.15108419954776764,
0.16251260042190552,
-0.09806685149669647,
-0.07006142288446426,
0.2502274811267853,
-0.09914536774158478,
-0.0024781660176813602,
-0.17373380064964294,
-0.07017777115106583,
0.05543101951479912,
-0.053235139697790146,
0.2218378186225891,
0.5318270325660706,
0.33145418763160706,
0.31353968381881714,
-0.07552337646484375,
-0.4526810944080353,
0.13583235442638397,
0.28588590025901794,
0.1705377697944641,
-0.28023529052734375,
0.6523215770721436,
-0.3916126489639282,
-0.211151123046875,
0.3863414525985718,
0.016738934442400932,
0.4342595934867859,
0.1895696520805359,
0.09516768157482147,
0.32542696595191956,
0.4559215307235718,
-0.5356889367103577,
-0.20684814453125,
-0.24254260957241058,
-0.3511962890625,
0.17610307037830353,
0.13942986726760864,
-0.007025458384305239,
-0.32702359557151794,
0.25563743710517883,
-0.5608131885528564,
-0.2271673083305359,
-0.08702035248279572,
0.017421375960111618,
0.5140935778617859,
0.24942293763160706,
-0.3953968286514282,
-0.03631730377674103,
-0.16450639069080353,
0.16125072538852692,
0.3340010344982147,
0.40371981263160706,
-0.09912109375,
-0.025206131860613823,
-0.2934279143810272,
0.38382235169410706,
0.3716264069080353,
0.3366865813732147,
-0.23447488248348236,
-0.5337968468666077,
-1.0157138109207153,
0.2978515625,
0.2033746838569641,
-0.19378662109375,
-0.0475616455078125,
-0.44265469908714294,
-0.22712846100330353,
0.4688609838485718,
0.0006297718500718474,
0.4518377184867859,
0.5359330773353577,
-0.0637158453464508,
0.41958895325660706,
0.19556774199008942,
0.7093394994735718,
0.08301232010126114,
0.10980848968029022,
0.1263587325811386,
0.1866704821586609,
-0.02018755115568638,
-0.1708456426858902,
-0.5736194849014282,
-0.06551777571439743,
-0.26273277401924133,
0.6864568591117859,
0.11935147643089294,
0.3538263440132141,
0.104248046875,
0.2523193359375,
0.09281297028064728,
0.20498380064964294,
0.2983148694038391,
0.009589455090463161,
-0.4649547338485718,
0.23158957064151764,
0.03767256438732147,
0.21609912812709808,
0.5148038268089294,
0.02982538379728794,
0.32620516419410706,
-0.1290532946586609,
0.7458717823028564,
0.33730247616767883,
0.2852228283882141,
-0.2016046643257141,
0.07720947265625,
0.24540571868419647,
-0.23248291015625,
0.2635442614555359,
0.4593616724014282,
-0.07723305374383926,
-0.24078369140625,
0.1978815197944641,
0.10542193055152893,
-0.149749755859375,
-0.11661043763160706,
0.09486007690429688,
-0.12404146790504456,
-0.20297518372535706,
0.18831564486026764,
-0.3798290491104126,
0.0272369384765625,
0.01979272998869419,
-0.09353082627058029,
0.17750133574008942,
0.5537109375,
0.07051780074834824,
0.26845481991767883,
-0.10706580430269241,
-0.25991544127464294,
0.08055253326892853,
0.16868175566196442,
-0.21533203125,
0.5357555150985718,
0.004834608640521765,
0.15003134310245514,
0.32596656680107117,
0.4202880859375,
0.34088134765625,
-0.12142667174339294,
0.5166903138160706,
0.2610973119735718,
0.20614901185035706,
-0.35117408633232117,
0.19724343717098236,
0.2330322265625,
-0.5977006554603577,
-0.28695955872535706,
0.21128429472446442,
-0.24948953092098236,
-0.11248502135276794,
0.24750033020973206,
0.26986417174339294,
0.3785899877548218,
0.3549027740955353,
0.14344371855258942,
0.035532865673303604,
0.023073716089129448,
-0.15232156217098236,
0.42140892148017883,
0.5320934057235718,
-0.2885853052139282,
0.45578834414482117,
-0.06871449202299118,
0.14593505859375,
0.2970636487007141,
-0.5589266419410706,
-0.011176369152963161,
-0.4127974212169647,
0.10654518753290176,
0.3888494372367859,
0.43332740664482117,
-0.20731106400489807,
-0.028371291235089302,
0.03300441429018974,
0.34165260195732117,
0.39163485169410706,
0.1054534912109375,
0.04445895180106163,
0.31545189023017883,
0.0122833251953125,
0.23893044888973236,
-0.11370017379522324,
-0.2949107885360718,
0.08934714645147324,
0.2056218981742859,
-0.6405362486839294,
0.08236971497535706,
-0.162109375,
-0.15681873261928558,
-0.3052978515625,
0.13380154967308044,
-0.3849653899669647,
0.04891759529709816,
0.33347389101982117,
0.05210668221116066,
0.3355602025985718,
0.20662064850330353,
0.10067055374383926,
-0.2561451196670532,
0.27022483944892883,
-0.00474687060341239,
0.10603471100330353,
0.2802068591117859,
0.42123135924339294,
0.07267622649669647,
-0.1830909103155136,
0.27309349179267883,
0.2647705078125,
-0.021005284041166306,
0.025450967252254486,
0.7222123742103577,
-0.3421075940132141,
-0.031592801213264465,
0.15806163847446442,
0.12375155091285706,
-0.22214022278785706,
-0.12069424986839294,
0.3672651946544647,
-0.010409962385892868,
0.2930658459663391,
0.5108309388160706,
-0.06890036910772324,
-0.17967639863491058,
0.2673894762992859,
0.13675619661808014,
0.44370338320732117,
-0.22966419160366058,
-0.3162064850330353,
-0.1073833778500557,
-0.010488336905837059,
-0.05299932137131691,
0.3986372649669647,
0.09128639847040176,
-0.048314180225133896,
-0.03134779632091522,
0.5099431872367859,
0.13708773255348206,
-0.19219762086868286,
-0.15338411927223206,
-0.2042444348335266,
0.6360307335853577,
-0.7134676575660706,
0.22642378509044647,
0.15453408658504486,
-0.10744407027959824,
-0.11756203323602676,
-0.12716397643089294,
-0.16306929290294647,
0.058027613908052444,
0.4116987884044647,
0.5634321570396423,
-0.6309481263160706,
-0.02620905078947544,
0.5191317200660706,
0.4944513440132141,
0.5902876257896423,
0.24238725006580353,
0.10748291015625,
0.48995694518089294,
0.24491535127162933,
-0.224853515625,
-0.3200017809867859,
-0.4049183130264282,
0.15932394564151764,
0.11598899215459824,
-0.2871759533882141,
0.14183321595191956,
-0.2417547106742859,
0.4465997815132141,
0.5071910619735718,
0.29836204648017883,
0.23749056458473206,
-0.0010597922373563051,
-0.19692160189151764,
-0.15394730865955353,
0.3278919458389282,
-0.11807528138160706,
0.46712979674339294,
0.3398492932319641,
0.039626143872737885,
0.006955927237868309,
-0.10582403838634491,
-0.037390969693660736,
0.20912308990955353,
-0.29433372616767883,
-0.04648243263363838,
-0.11352816224098206,
0.3249400854110718,
0.6632634997367859,
0.11101185530424118,
-0.2585005462169647,
-0.060799337923526764,
0.08767561614513397,
-0.20804110169410706,
0.3273121118545532,
-0.16198453307151794,
0.5296297669410706,
0.2885631322860718,
0.13907693326473236,
-0.20432628691196442,
0.01569158397614956,
0.3886829614639282,
0.05030268058180809,
0.2806951403617859,
0.31565162539482117,
-0.025763077661395073,
-0.6579368114471436,
0.07556429505348206,
-0.09145701676607132,
0.33560457825660706,
0.05718785896897316,
0.01025390625,
0.10052490234375,
0.22128018736839294,
-0.3226429224014282,
-0.14262112975120544,
-0.13197951018810272,
0.3493208587169647,
0.539306640625,
0.5276544690132141,
0.10059044510126114,
0.5093883275985718,
0.43179598450660706,
-0.2639049291610718,
-0.08477783203125,
-0.21544300019741058,
0.057006314396858215,
0.2817216217517853,
-0.05672663077712059,
0.14157313108444214,
0.436923623085022,
-0.20668722689151764,
-0.10424180328845978,
-0.5271440148353577,
-0.06657548248767853,
0.17683826386928558,
-0.09566185623407364,
0.43173494935035706,
0.38230201601982117,
-0.10366266220808029,
-0.04580480232834816,
0.46144798398017883,
0.6968660950660706,
0.2422124743461609,
4.101385116577148,
-0.0022749467752873898,
-0.02712041698396206,
-0.11552082747220993,
-0.3331409692764282,
0.34877708554267883,
0.4309747815132141,
-0.20765824615955353,
-0.00872048456221819,
-0.07529103010892868,
-0.11706404387950897,
0.33108797669410706,
-0.09742581099271774,
0.20927844941616058,
0.3390558362007141,
0.2907159924507141,
0.3876953125,
0.5041059851646423,
0.2701305150985718,
0.3492986559867859,
-0.3206787109375,
0.15801897644996643,
0.22535566985607147,
0.4037308990955353,
0.5754838585853577,
0.056372903287410736,
0.26785555481910706,
0.1257573962211609,
0.3900035619735718,
0.03727375343441963,
-0.12378761917352676,
-0.4307972192764282,
0.31854248046875,
0.17358875274658203,
-0.7888849377632141,
0.30556419491767883,
0.20970569550991058,
-0.07410777360200882,
-0.03202681243419647,
-0.1859685778617859,
0.06484846770763397,
-0.20195423066616058,
0.7730379700660706,
0.34030982851982117,
-0.2192479968070984,
-0.31973543763160706,
-0.4392755627632141,
0.22518643736839294,
-0.1386658102273941,
0.5758944153785706,
0.5506258606910706,
-0.1430719494819641,
-0.2183172106742859,
-0.4213312268257141,
0.2671675384044647,
0.4270463287830353,
0.16786332428455353,
0.18693403899669647,
-0.33780184388160706,
-0.001129150390625,
0.5980557799339294,
0.09332359582185745,
-0.26627418398857117,
-0.049102783203125,
-0.13225208222866058,
-0.1384485363960266,
-0.01587468944489956,
0.1510009765625,
0.13339510560035706,
-0.03300614655017853,
0.6855912804603577,
0.23037442564964294,
0.39589622616767883,
-0.20503927767276764,
-0.17859163880348206,
-0.25539466738700867,
0.09917380660772324,
-0.11595430970191956,
0.2742476165294647,
0.17265181243419647,
0.10231295228004456,
-0.3517511487007141,
0.2567305266857147,
0.3566450774669647,
0.06547129899263382,
0.6758256554603577,
-0.16056685149669647,
-0.3846990466117859,
0.30996981263160706,
0.12444791197776794,
0.2742365002632141,
0.16330233216285706,
0.07141633331775665,
0.25643643736839294,
0.18650956451892853,
0.21915505826473236,
-0.17818936705589294,
-4.054510116577148,
0.16053356230258942,
0.2486572265625,
-0.23167280852794647,
0.2610973119735718,
-0.07770135253667831,
-0.03569793701171875,
0.3613170385360718,
-0.5301624536514282,
0.16080544888973236,
-0.22009415924549103,
0.10899006575345993,
-0.487548828125,
0.46535423398017883,
0.04335750266909599,
0.09037364274263382,
0.08382346481084824,
0.19313187897205353,
0.52587890625,
-0.17168322205543518,
0.07603385299444199,
-0.022254250943660736,
0.1845148205757141,
-0.08076893538236618,
0.2627730071544647,
0.17944058775901794,
0.22434304654598236,
-0.05003148689866066,
0.07335177063941956,
-0.20981112122535706,
-0.11539667099714279,
0.7564808130264282,
0.43741121888160706,
-0.3124223053455353,
0.17353196442127228,
0.7834694385528564,
0.26235684752464294,
0.16393209993839264,
0.35251685976982117,
0.07637717574834824,
-0.3170720934867859,
-0.3048206567764282,
0.1990106701850891,
0.06437128037214279,
-0.18064187467098236,
0.5276100635528564,
-0.2067510485649109,
0.08474349975585938,
-0.2503717541694641,
-0.00882235448807478,
0.3491321802139282,
0.2897477447986603,
-0.5507368445396423,
-0.10748152434825897,
0.41665926575660706,
0.11663679778575897,
0.49007901549339294,
0.09205973893404007,
0.3265824615955353,
0.34610262513160706,
-0.28662109375,
-0.09327142685651779,
0.2605299651622772,
0.24899858236312866,
0.05308394134044647,
-0.11338389664888382,
0.20817427337169647,
0.3505443334579468,
0.10919258743524551,
-0.31961649656295776,
0.02872779220342636,
0.41586026549339294,
0.27468040585517883,
-0.050852514803409576,
0.018848765641450882,
0.06680089980363846,
0.028968118131160736,
-0.14346036314964294,
0.45736417174339294,
0.04634441062808037,
-0.22550825774669647,
-0.0006145130610093474,
-0.19283780455589294,
0.26894310116767883,
2.3395774364471436,
0.3484552502632141,
2.08203125,
0.11763416975736618,
0.29062721133232117,
0.38783958554267883,
0.14388205111026764,
-0.2935014069080353,
0.29330167174339294,
0.15559525787830353,
0.2784590423107147,
0.2279718518257141,
0.023709384724497795,
0.4817671477794647,
-0.21860574185848236,
-0.24113325774669647,
0.3805042505264282,
-1.2917258739471436,
-0.1671392321586609,
0.05878448486328125,
-0.02947685867547989,
0.15717245638370514,
-0.38185814023017883,
0.42269620299339294,
-0.2980457544326782,
0.21161165833473206,
-0.43301668763160706,
-0.13956521451473236,
-0.1811072677373886,
-0.3512517809867859,
-0.14412064850330353,
0.08053033798933029,
0.04319338500499725,
0.1404186636209488,
0.17516674101352692,
0.3170831799507141,
-0.2325078845024109,
4.717329502105713,
-0.05406050384044647,
-0.05936838313937187,
-0.07041220366954803,
0.16450639069080353,
0.28918734192848206,
0.3317427337169647,
0.10303983092308044,
0.17278480529785156,
-0.19392256438732147,
0.3635143041610718,
0.3552911877632141,
-0.18270011246204376,
0.1363775134086609,
0.3381791412830353,
0.11910386383533478,
0.03017217479646206,
0.10184314101934433,
0.012701901607215405,
0.005719445180147886,
0.04182295501232147,
0.03432811424136162,
-0.10868661850690842,
-0.041097816079854965,
-0.12528298795223236,
-0.10516357421875,
0.22153542935848236,
-0.0713043212890625,
-0.20050325989723206,
0.4091686010360718,
0.07562047988176346,
5.412286758422852,
0.5033846497535706,
-0.10435902327299118,
-0.03363175690174103,
0.11597234755754471,
0.31833717226982117,
-0.09824995696544647,
0.17811307311058044,
-0.12630392611026764,
-0.15081509947776794,
-0.18614058196544647,
-0.08894625306129456,
0.035795386880636215,
0.34067603945732117,
0.3712601959705353,
0.033482637256383896,
-0.27951881289482117,
0.11363918334245682,
0.4640669524669647,
-0.4271683990955353,
0.6876997351646423,
-0.3151411712169647,
0.3570112884044647,
-0.45700904726982117,
-0.29744794964790344,
0.49740323424339294,
-0.057314787060022354,
0.1496027112007141,
0.3170055150985718,
0.16066117584705353,
0.40585049986839294,
0.07068703323602676,
0.20543600618839264,
0.10202784836292267,
-0.15192760527133942,
0.008908704854547977,
0.2633833587169647,
0.10504982620477676,
0.2512096166610718,
-0.08394692093133926,
0.17766223847866058,
0.5667613744735718,
-0.2371160387992859,
0.06701105087995529,
-0.24783602356910706,
-0.1328107714653015,
-0.026490645483136177,
-0.4347478747367859,
0.15861649811267853,
0.2269342541694641,
0.3358820080757141,
-0.3515625,
1.0601474046707153,
0.5044278502464294,
0.4885919690132141,
0.2558038830757141,
-0.21230246126651764,
-0.07151100784540176,
-0.026363026350736618,
-0.2757679224014282,
0.6661487817764282,
-0.06699717789888382,
0.031666841357946396,
0.37949439883232117,
0.48583984375,
0.36081764101982117,
0.1643732190132141,
-0.0431799441576004,
0.6639293432235718,
0.013846310786902905,
0.18817415833473206,
0.3949030041694641,
0.07983814924955368,
0.17994828522205353,
0.026228470727801323,
-0.22563864290714264,
0.33523836731910706,
0.048506997525691986,
0.21164174377918243,
0.49496182799339294,
-0.024916909635066986,
-0.3973943591117859,
-0.3829234838485718,
0.10378491133451462,
-0.052703723311424255,
-0.05787947028875351,
0.113983154296875,
0.024536751210689545,
0.03912353515625,
-0.05567030608654022,
0.3861638903617859,
-0.06905572861433029,
-0.4258367419242859,
0.4445634186267853,
0.2914595305919647,
-0.022799404338002205,
0.47909268736839294,
0.1259515881538391,
-0.2754683196544647,
0.13121309876441956,
0.05848659202456474,
0.06157996505498886,
0.12483908981084824,
0.19142012298107147,
0.27023038268089294,
0.08160174638032913,
0.009254109114408493,
0.029404206201434135,
0.17978738248348236,
0.25241366028785706,
0.4948064684867859,
0.3510187268257141,
0.04594282805919647,
-0.3651233911514282,
-0.20554976165294647
] |
2164
|
When was Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet first published?
|
[
{
"docid": "1672901#11",
"text": "\"Planetarian\" was released on November 29, 2004 via download over the Internet playable on Windows PCs, and was first made available only to Yahoo! Japan Broadband users. The game was opened up for general sale on December 6, 2004. Key released a CD-ROM version for Windows PCs on April 28, 2006 in limited and regular editions. An updated version of \"Planetarian\" compatible for Windows Vista PCs was released by Key on July 31, 2009 in a box set containing five other Key visual novels called Key 10th Memorial Box. Another updated version compatible for Windows 7 PCs called \"Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet Memorial Edition\" was released on April 30, 2010. The \"Memorial Edition\" also came bundled with the three previously released \"Planetarian\" drama CDs. An HD edition for Windows was released on July 29, 2016. \"Planetarian\" was released on Steam by Sekai Project in English for Windows on September 12, 2014, with later support planned for macOS and Linux devices. The Steam release was updated on September 17, 2014 to allow the user to switch to the original Japanese version of the game.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "1672901#13",
"text": "A light novel featuring a collection of four illustrated short stories, including a prologue and an epilogue, and based on \"Planetarians story were written by Yūichi Suzumoto and illustrated by Eeji Komatsu. The 243-page novel was originally bundled with the limited edition of the CD version of \"Planetarian\", and was also included in the limited edition of the PlayStation 2 version. The book was re-published as a commercial release by VisualArt's under their VA Bunko light novel imprint on October 31, 2008, and was the second title on the imprint. A downloadable version of the novel titled \"Hoshi no Hito: Planetarian Side Story\" on Android devices was released on November 30, 2011, followed by a version on iOS devices on December 14, 2011. The first two stories presented occur before the events of the kinetic novel, and the latter two occur during its aftermath. The front matter of the book reads, \"Starry sky, words, God, robots. A collection of short stories in the key of these four themes.\" A short preview of the book is available online.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#9",
"text": "In the original version, Yumemi is only voiced during the beginning and ending scenes, while other characters are not voiced. When \"Planetarian\" was released for Windows PCs on CD-ROM, Yumemi had full voice acting. The PlayStation 2 (PS2) port offers full voice acting for the entire cast. Other changes to the PS2 version include a higher resolution for the computer graphics and an extended soundtrack. All other later versions contained full voice acting.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#0",
"text": "Key defines \"Planetarian\" as a \"kinetic novel\", since its gameplay offers no choices or alternate endings. Instead, the player proceeds through the story solely by reading. The story is written by Yūichi Suzumoto and character design is produced by Eeji Komatsu. The game's soundtrack was composed and arranged by Key's signature composers Magome Togoshi and Shinji Orito. A light novel of short stories set in the world of \"Planetarian\" was released in April 2006, and three audio dramas have also been produced. David Production produced a five-episode original net animation series and an anime film in 2016. \"Planetarian\" story, artwork and music have been praised, and the PS2 version ranked first for console games in terms of satisfaction in 2007.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#8",
"text": "\"Planetarian\" is Key's fourth visual novel, and had a small staff of three main people that did the majority of the work for the game's first release. Unlike previous Key titles, \"Planetarian\"s art director position was given to Eeji Komatsu instead of Itaru Hinoue who had held the position for the three previous games. Komatsu was chosen not only because of his specialty in depicting mechanics and robots, but also because he could represent short scenes which touch on a robot's existence to reproduce a person's ideals. Furthermore, Key was not short on staff at the time, and was not forced to outsource the artwork of \"Planetarian\". Jun Maeda, Key's main scenario writer and project planner, was left out of the project, and Yūichi Suzumoto was given the position of planning and scenario. The music, excluding a single piece composed by Shinji Orito, was arranged or composed entirely by Magome Togoshi, one of Key's signature composers. \"Planetarian\" was the first game under the brand name KineticNovel to be described by the term \"kinetic novel\".",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#16",
"text": "In a review by Marcus Estrada of \"Hardcore Gamer\", he praised \"Planetarian\" for having a \"beautiful story,\" gorgeous CGs and a soundtrack that \"sets a melancholic, but hopeful mood fitting with the story.\" He also noted that \"even as an aging property \"Planetarian\" still looks and sounds good.\" \"Planetarian\" is one of several kinetic novels featured in the \"Lycèe Trading Card Game\"; Yumemi and the planetarium are playable cards in the second VisualArt's card set. In the February 2007 issue of SoftBank Creative's \"Gemaga\" magazine, the PS2 version ranked first for console games in terms of satisfaction; the game had ranked fourth in the previous issue. In the Japanese video game magazine \"Famitsu\" released on September 8, 2006, it was reported that the PS2 version of \"Planetarian\" sold 8,170 units the week of August 21 to August 27, 2006 (the PS2 version was originally sold on August 24, 2006). When the PSP version was re-released as a fundraising event for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 16,663 units were pre-ordered by the day of its release on May 12, 2011. From these sales, Prototype and VisualArt's donated 22,415,069 yen.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#2",
"text": "By length of story, \"Planetarian\" is the shortest of Key's games. Excluding the opening and ending sequences, there are 16 parts to the story; the first half is set within the planetarium while the latter half is set outside in the ruined city where the planetarium resides. The novel takes four hours and forty minutes to complete on auto play. After the game has been completed at least once, two new options appear on the title screen. The first is a feature that allows the player to view twenty images of CG artwork observed in the game. The second option allows the player to listen to eight of the nine music tracks featured in the game.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#1",
"text": "\"Planetarian\" is a post-apocalyptic visual novel in which the player assumes the role of the junker. Unlike traditional visual novels, no choices are given to the player in \"Planetarian\" to advance the story, and there is only one possible ending; this is what Key referred to as a kinetic novel. The player can choose when to advance to the next dialogue screen or put the game on auto play. In this respect, the player does not play the game as if it were a video game, but plays it rather more like one would play a music track on a CD or play a DVD film. During gameplay, the player can choose to hide the text from view and go back to any previous lines. The game can be saved at any point in any of the five save slots available, and a load option is available where the player can load any of the automatically saved chapter markers, or choose to load any of the manually saved games.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "1672901#4",
"text": "The main location where most of the story takes place is the fictional Flowercrest Department Store in a derelict city. It is based on the real Matsubishi Department Store of Hamamatsu, Shizuoka in Japan, although the planetarium on the rooftop is fictitious. The onset of the story takes place within the planetarium which is where the protagonist first meets Yumemi. The most prominent feature in the room when a show is not taking place is the large black planetarium projector called \"Miss Jena\", which is placed on a stage in front of the seats. The planetarium has electricity when the protagonist arrives, but only for a short time. Once a year, for 168 hours, electricity in the planetarium is operational, but the projector is broken. The rest of the floors in the department store are in ruins; mold and rats run rampant.",
"title": "Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet"
},
{
"docid": "10102471#1",
"text": "The \"Planetarian Original Soundtrack\", from the visual novel \"Planetarian: The Reverie of a Little Planet\", was released on August 11, 2006 at Comiket 70 by Key Sounds Label bearing the catalog number \"KSLA-0025\"; it was later re-released on December 28, 2006. The soundtrack contains one disc totaling twelve songs composed, arranged, and produced by Magome Togoshi, and Shinji Orito; themes originally composed by Charles Crozat Converse and Kenji Miyazawa were remixed on the soundtrack. Aside from the songs in the game like \"Gentle Jena\" and \"Hoshi no Sekai (Opening)\", the soundtrack includes new songs such as an arranged vocal version of \"Hoshi Meguri no Uta\", sung by Mell. The musical tracks played at the beginning and the end of the game (tracks one and eight in the original soundtrack) are rearrangements of the hymn \"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\" by Charles Crozat Converse, and their titles reflect this as well: \"Hoshi no Sekai (Opening)\" refers to the Japanese version of the hymn, named \"Hoshi no Yo\", and \"Itsukushimi Fukaki\" is the Japanese translation of the hymn's original title.",
"title": "Music of Planetarian"
}
] |
[
0.6397346258163452,
0.26447609066963196,
-0.2712958753108978,
0.5054285526275635,
0.2786842882633209,
0.13304878771305084,
0.3531494140625,
-0.3124784529209137,
0.1920866072177887,
0.3070929944515228,
-0.39615586400032043,
-0.1521165519952774,
-0.19848094880580902,
-0.15079812705516815,
-0.10937948524951935,
-0.015472187660634518,
0.47791963815689087,
0.14035549759864807,
-0.08405707776546478,
0.15046153962612152,
-0.11341768503189087,
0.6916360259056091,
-0.26280662417411804,
0.098971426486969,
-0.071139395236969,
0.15623384714126587,
-0.18939927220344543,
0.10149652510881424,
-0.1314607560634613,
0.42654240131378174,
0.6504624485969543,
-0.210906982421875,
-0.09234663844108582,
0.33743464946746826,
-0.5031415224075317,
0.22312389314174652,
0.2515777051448822,
0.3833438754081726,
0.10016587376594543,
-0.030388327315449715,
0.17210029065608978,
0.07802671194076538,
0.2080868035554886,
-0.2954532504081726,
0.659797191619873,
0.11233677715063095,
0.19258296489715576,
-0.44445082545280457,
-0.0483061857521534,
0.3019768297672272,
-0.4133731722831726,
-0.04666168615221977,
0.008587501011788845,
-0.24484431743621826,
-0.4972569942474365,
0.3098665177822113,
-0.230715811252594,
0.24466031789779663,
-0.07256945222616196,
-0.06202877312898636,
0.12455660104751587,
0.30909818410873413,
0.06183938309550285,
-0.07595163583755493,
0.2590004503726959,
0.40016084909439087,
0.17904841899871826,
-0.022549796849489212,
-0.13864046335220337,
0.3699089586734772,
-0.1657499372959137,
0.2791999280452728,
0.5504940152168274,
0.17576958239078522,
0.028997084125876427,
-0.11311071366071701,
-0.03374133259057999,
0.37783992290496826,
0.15408863127231598,
-0.2953455448150635,
0.5320829749107361,
-0.09593963623046875,
-0.1880008578300476,
0.11575137823820114,
-0.35542476177215576,
0.3968290388584137,
-0.03994818404316902,
0.08502870798110962,
0.06296224892139435,
0.28117460012435913,
0.08354884386062622,
0.042306337505578995,
0.047311220318078995,
0.09390393644571304,
0.02366122044622898,
0.2653844356536865,
0.2431820183992386,
-0.4608513414859772,
-0.3782599866390228,
-0.10490866005420685,
0.081835076212883,
-0.37376493215560913,
-0.4037439823150635,
0.16600580513477325,
0.17338483035564423,
-0.3439366817474365,
-0.22780542075634003,
-0.08267615735530853,
0.1664455682039261,
0.35918113589286804,
0.1424345076084137,
-0.41712144017219543,
-0.2066744565963745,
0.012235753238201141,
0.38306382298469543,
-0.008215006440877914,
0.3806578814983368,
-0.24072265625,
-0.45273545384407043,
-0.717644214630127,
0.36465275287628174,
0.6790412664413452,
-0.31914207339286804,
0.35781681537628174,
-0.14391551911830902,
-0.2075870782136917,
0.7025505304336548,
-0.03478235378861427,
0.6136689782142639,
0.29529526829719543,
-0.11735445261001587,
0.046237848699092865,
0.6264217495918274,
0.5333898067474365,
0.44136226177215576,
0.33770930767059326,
-0.03269868716597557,
0.028709860518574715,
-0.46035587787628174,
-0.04523064196109772,
-0.4067957401275635,
0.06479274481534958,
0.26844877004623413,
0.47490379214286804,
-0.06821486353874207,
0.010798734612762928,
0.120849609375,
0.24685490131378174,
0.1502317488193512,
0.22876335680484772,
0.3558565080165863,
0.13690185546875,
-0.10372835397720337,
0.8114659786224365,
-0.18251575529575348,
0.5364056825637817,
0.1499539613723755,
0.08333200216293335,
-0.4297880232334137,
0.07450361549854279,
0.68408203125,
0.24042825400829315,
0.24225032329559326,
-0.5923282504081726,
0.4198019504547119,
0.34913545846939087,
-0.01568020135164261,
0.5938505530357361,
0.4569450914859772,
0.0838255062699318,
-0.12022310495376587,
0.16850191354751587,
0.46106675267219543,
-0.150360107421875,
0.0066901096142828465,
0.22996969521045685,
-0.5158601403236389,
0.2049657106399536,
0.16042283177375793,
-0.018743177875876427,
0.1623714715242386,
0.0628737285733223,
0.24561983346939087,
-0.043510884046554565,
0.5109145045280457,
0.40087172389030457,
0.08849873393774033,
-0.13107658922672272,
-0.17532573640346527,
0.1921781599521637,
0.3745081424713135,
0.08730899542570114,
0.702995777130127,
-0.15782076120376587,
-0.34455063939094543,
0.10490328073501587,
-0.32172706723213196,
0.13566118478775024,
-0.11554807424545288,
0.1615816056728363,
-0.40239715576171875,
-0.08545976877212524,
-0.26551011204719543,
0.3081413805484772,
0.26521390676498413,
-0.2583034634590149,
-0.15505443513393402,
0.23780733346939087,
-0.30312931537628174,
-0.11566610634326935,
0.09867903590202332,
-0.007307389285415411,
-0.017689423635601997,
0.28892967104911804,
-0.31952980160713196,
0.40554630756378174,
0.0007750567165203393,
-0.3496367633342743,
0.48054054379463196,
0.21004889905452728,
-0.20353250205516815,
0.18227767944335938,
-0.11544866859912872,
-0.2525046765804291,
0.1640625,
-0.040205225348472595,
-0.28217270970344543,
-0.439453125,
0.06798867881298065,
0.6098776459693909,
0.6116153597831726,
0.3240877091884613,
0.07907503098249435,
-0.3806583285331726,
-0.030650869011878967,
0.3183557987213135,
0.42919921875,
-0.08084061741828918,
0.1629791259765625,
-0.20441211760044098,
0.29087918996810913,
-0.03527652472257614,
-0.20155423879623413,
-0.10189101099967957,
0.5320542454719543,
-0.22756779193878174,
0.31770503520965576,
0.40808823704719543,
-0.22747443616390228,
-0.1878787726163864,
0.23895622789859772,
0.032268691807985306,
-0.4824793338775635,
0.2006135880947113,
-0.3113008439540863,
-0.24779914319515228,
0.22131168842315674,
0.22848689556121826,
-0.2538209855556488,
-0.13614968955516815,
0.2587800920009613,
0.1787540167570114,
0.25493666529655457,
0.7535759210586548,
0.06265977025032043,
-0.07460381090641022,
0.22686946392059326,
0.6005715727806091,
-0.06293543428182602,
0.4809785783290863,
0.5326717495918274,
-0.021776985377073288,
-0.00427414383739233,
0.29156944155693054,
-0.16817878186702728,
0.062265731394290924,
0.12076164782047272,
-0.2227846086025238,
-0.3319737911224365,
0.012188841588795185,
0.26905733346939087,
0.1694210320711136,
-0.046927060931921005,
0.19235984981060028,
0.19131290912628174,
0.4835994839668274,
-0.2482115775346756,
-0.5546731352806091,
-0.1943511962890625,
0.005265628453344107,
0.33992812037467957,
0.4285098910331726,
-0.19550727307796478,
-0.4244169294834137,
0.30634620785713196,
0.2653413712978363,
0.10384593158960342,
-0.1583249717950821,
0.3608829379081726,
-0.09179328382015228,
0.15205024182796478,
-0.40330594778060913,
0.30018165707588196,
0.3979707658290863,
0.14450880885124207,
-0.11720455437898636,
-0.07120603322982788,
0.14161771535873413,
-0.0903443694114685,
-0.13449500501155853,
0.13976824283599854,
-0.7556583285331726,
-0.015712682157754898,
0.2580808699131012,
0.33283907175064087,
0.6469439268112183,
0.067503422498703,
0.2403995245695114,
0.17801082134246826,
0.07776675373315811,
-0.3520453870296478,
-0.44615262746810913,
-0.25920912623405457,
-0.10173797607421875,
0.03084687702357769,
-0.4227389097213745,
-0.09252290427684784,
-0.3093926012516022,
0.6300838589668274,
0.014047510921955109,
0.5760717988014221,
0.3203986585140228,
-0.27336210012435913,
-0.14670518040657043,
-0.02028689719736576,
0.09451428800821304,
-0.11829376220703125,
0.6865378022193909,
-0.02393161505460739,
-0.23535066843032837,
0.24667447805404663,
0.07341311872005463,
0.04823080077767372,
0.4142635464668274,
0.14711447060108185,
0.12153714895248413,
-0.4241512417793274,
-0.06438446044921875,
0.014921524561941624,
-0.03714572638273239,
0.036126527935266495,
0.055333755910396576,
0.08446278423070908,
0.5121926665306091,
0.1462222784757614,
0.5473201870918274,
0.5049546360969543,
0.4481560289859772,
0.09985620528459549,
-0.2063203752040863,
0.1452726423740387,
0.3191564083099365,
0.3951990604400635,
0.3341064453125,
0.5393784642219543,
0.48104679584503174,
-0.2466340959072113,
-0.29914048314094543,
0.043464213609695435,
0.2627527713775635,
0.3661678433418274,
0.09463321417570114,
0.1409939080476761,
0.3084070682525635,
-0.5121352076530457,
-0.09033068269491196,
-0.06173526495695114,
0.4815584123134613,
0.388671875,
0.11968567967414856,
0.41981416940689087,
0.6390739679336548,
0.12263040244579315,
0.2896692752838135,
-0.42734649777412415,
-0.03265650197863579,
0.015033497475087643,
-0.2937801480293274,
-0.05719173699617386,
-0.09572960436344147,
0.629753589630127,
-0.008452135138213634,
-0.06957513839006424,
-0.08737631142139435,
-0.45539405941963196,
-0.14197181165218353,
0.026300879195332527,
0.24346834421157837,
0.4037224352359772,
-0.18162447214126587,
0.014624427072703838,
0.47776883840560913,
0.46046358346939087,
0.35773780941963196,
4.172564506530762,
-0.12148329615592957,
0.17906637489795685,
-0.263711154460907,
-0.30601590871810913,
-0.03739143908023834,
0.2830684781074524,
-0.1812494993209839,
0.28748995065689087,
0.09292691946029663,
0.01018897257745266,
0.22797708213329315,
0.052880678325891495,
0.03505392745137215,
-0.3513542711734772,
0.3412224352359772,
0.6179055571556091,
0.3128446638584137,
0.12022417038679123,
0.1645902693271637,
-0.36174461245536804,
0.44544175267219543,
0.5376263856887817,
0.14470897614955902,
0.13001206517219543,
-0.12362401932477951,
0.16811954975128174,
-0.19370943307876587,
0.06793212890625,
0.37653663754463196,
0.2518741488456726,
0.02353511191904545,
0.10051996260881424,
-0.10782039910554886,
-0.780144214630127,
0.08909966051578522,
0.061716191470623016,
-0.12284132838249207,
0.22747802734375,
-0.010657141916453838,
0.033091600984334946,
0.3536278307437897,
0.42168113589286804,
0.3418327867984772,
0.6681527495384216,
-0.20761287212371826,
0.25371214747428894,
0.3186394274234772,
-0.08771099895238876,
-0.3742460310459137,
0.19497859477996826,
-0.4347139298915863,
-0.15442612767219543,
-0.10705970227718353,
0.2792178988456726,
0.49337947368621826,
0.20172837376594543,
0.39590275287628174,
0.047990910708904266,
-0.2878058850765228,
-0.266715943813324,
-0.016028909012675285,
0.6057559847831726,
0.05991677567362785,
-0.10749749839305878,
-0.01869218423962593,
0.006559933070093393,
0.6621811985969543,
0.6506060361862183,
0.1429838240146637,
0.24146585166454315,
0.541259765625,
0.4226630628108978,
-0.14703279733657837,
0.09860318899154663,
-0.2212587296962738,
-0.13177669048309326,
-0.27084439992904663,
0.08754056692123413,
0.19759953022003174,
0.09837789833545685,
-0.3194795548915863,
0.27536189556121826,
0.033721476793289185,
0.08213267475366592,
0.47437959909439087,
0.2967660427093506,
-0.12581859529018402,
0.2505008578300476,
-0.1028379574418068,
0.3622472286224365,
0.6383559107780457,
0.2294706404209137,
0.11406393349170685,
0.24042107164859772,
0.2152279168367386,
0.023091932758688927,
-3.9538142681121826,
0.22995327413082123,
0.07856009900569916,
0.24840590357780457,
0.1417326033115387,
-0.040853165090084076,
0.06583000719547272,
0.21277034282684326,
-0.32212918996810913,
0.07378948479890823,
-0.32221895456314087,
-0.014220518060028553,
-0.029739156365394592,
0.5004236698150635,
-0.05728059634566307,
0.046875447034835815,
-0.14744354784488678,
-0.11700663715600967,
0.3367130160331726,
-0.08590429276227951,
-0.06591707468032837,
-0.27880141139030457,
0.45066922903060913,
-0.26707008481025696,
0.34722721576690674,
-0.1992097795009613,
0.2986109256744385,
-0.5111586451530457,
-0.07629820704460144,
0.13474228978157043,
-0.04817648604512215,
0.07529225200414658,
0.3968290388584137,
-0.26571834087371826,
0.3617342710494995,
0.087005615234375,
0.2593190670013428,
0.04477691650390625,
0.3086727261543274,
-0.08291581273078918,
-0.4544246792793274,
-0.04647939279675484,
0.019375519827008247,
-0.15728670358657837,
-0.07769899070262909,
0.06418553739786148,
-0.2621029019355774,
0.4247615933418274,
0.013422797434031963,
0.25706571340560913,
0.43840476870536804,
0.13599710166454315,
-0.04072121903300285,
-0.2290041297674179,
0.7925379276275635,
-0.5608628392219543,
0.11044356226921082,
0.005344166420400143,
0.39405733346939087,
0.3210090100765228,
-0.002088210079818964,
0.2218504548072815,
0.191544771194458,
0.20772866904735565,
0.2503870725631714,
-0.11985060572624207,
0.3189481794834137,
0.1756991147994995,
0.0028161441441625357,
-0.26474449038505554,
0.3020118176937103,
0.36046645045280457,
0.195220947265625,
-0.3446619510650635,
0.38197237253189087,
0.2532958984375,
-0.09856235235929489,
-0.12106839567422867,
0.3088953495025635,
0.16401223838329315,
-0.14317411184310913,
0.21188892424106598,
-0.4702723026275635,
0.22019240260124207,
2.3750574588775635,
0.27800077199935913,
2.2357537746429443,
0.04811881482601166,
0.12421372532844543,
0.2761589586734772,
-0.1748379021883011,
0.10118170082569122,
-0.002314511453732848,
0.08961127698421478,
-0.08722642064094543,
0.0765012875199318,
-0.23735494911670685,
0.1591922491788864,
0.011560972779989243,
-0.3302217423915863,
0.2678186893463135,
-1.1648666858673096,
0.1767452508211136,
0.2902095913887024,
0.045091964304447174,
0.11094800382852554,
0.19000333547592163,
0.13382720947265625,
-0.16527287662029266,
0.11659509688615799,
-0.1530025750398636,
0.09165961295366287,
0.3624016344547272,
-0.2245025634765625,
0.022918701171875,
0.40235811471939087,
0.2604118883609772,
0.06732626259326935,
0.04367334768176079,
0.2191135138273239,
0.13543611764907837,
4.668888092041016,
0.09036838263273239,
-0.17192436754703522,
0.29532039165496826,
0.21431957185268402,
0.35677921772003174,
0.4889705777168274,
-0.05614262446761131,
0.2078121453523636,
0.1863555908203125,
0.4014066755771637,
0.05390717089176178,
0.12475316971540451,
0.058073490858078,
-0.28585994243621826,
0.1794683188199997,
0.11511769145727158,
0.24400374293327332,
0.2086963653564453,
0.27208665013313293,
0.5371237397193909,
0.09095180779695511,
0.165136456489563,
-0.2640560269355774,
0.2775519788265228,
0.0025143902748823166,
-0.1103273257613182,
-0.47972196340560913,
0.0008874360355548561,
-0.011138467118144035,
0.4362218379974365,
5.430377006530762,
0.2612735629081726,
0.014301973395049572,
-0.48694565892219543,
-0.27728182077407837,
0.6067038178443909,
0.07600358128547668,
0.0871812030673027,
-0.3118645250797272,
-0.02354610711336136,
-0.018530452623963356,
0.033918943256139755,
-0.11954902112483978,
0.5547449588775635,
-0.15806668996810913,
0.2726691663265228,
-0.0584435798227787,
0.06942659616470337,
0.08184275776147842,
-0.21332864463329315,
0.7044462561607361,
-0.13672278821468353,
0.2514863908290863,
-0.5327650904655457,
-0.41636186838150024,
-0.06748244166374207,
-0.32618623971939087,
0.4469353258609772,
-0.048564013093709946,
0.008367202244699001,
0.3306238651275635,
0.4136531949043274,
-0.11439760774374008,
0.10199333727359772,
-0.27751293778419495,
0.43612849712371826,
0.3613532483577728,
0.26847928762435913,
-0.13287174701690674,
-0.04305626451969147,
0.06785224378108978,
0.6493996977806091,
-0.15728221833705902,
-0.48739802837371826,
-0.3046013414859772,
-0.11815351247787476,
-0.24737189710140228,
-0.2997687757015228,
-0.21704819798469543,
-0.10380452871322632,
0.3381688594818115,
0.13255201280117035,
1.0652142763137817,
0.4172794222831726,
0.29685884714126587,
0.14144471287727356,
-0.3158286511898041,
0.31061866879463196,
-0.02695308066904545,
0.10228504985570908,
0.4396111071109772,
-0.0018671820871531963,
-0.13326936960220337,
-0.001349280821159482,
0.43922334909439087,
0.0926315113902092,
0.10722261667251587,
0.057347916066646576,
0.48851102590560913,
-0.48426011204719543,
0.1736055314540863,
0.17193962633609772,
0.03846549987792969,
-0.2335994988679886,
-0.1342288702726364,
0.2642723619937897,
0.30435898900032043,
-0.2382597029209137,
-0.0027806898579001427,
-0.06713563948869705,
-0.10105066001415253,
-0.010347478091716766,
-0.2443416863679886,
0.02146732062101364,
0.14266878366470337,
-0.13306067883968353,
-0.4049645662307739,
0.24885469675064087,
0.510986328125,
0.2010713517665863,
0.2356172502040863,
0.09093295782804489,
-0.2519351840019226,
0.5453239679336548,
0.010975444689393044,
0.22793041169643402,
0.6255888342857361,
0.5272001624107361,
-0.30311495065689087,
0.15404465794563293,
-0.29257380962371826,
0.45193302631378174,
-0.057617634534835815,
0.24070829153060913,
0.17934103310108185,
-0.2952539920806885,
0.40763944387435913,
0.07861754298210144,
-0.14609606564044952,
0.25205186009407043,
0.536994457244873,
0.41315773129463196,
-0.186553955078125,
-0.17268012464046478,
0.1863798201084137
] |
2165
|
When was the Vatican established?
|
[
{
"docid": "37028480#4",
"text": "The Vatican City State issued its first stamps in 1929, the same year that it was established under the Lateran Treaties. It released its first joint issue in 1969. Joint issues of stamps by the Vatican and other countries were uncommon for most of the twentieth century. In 2000, the Vatican and Poland released a joint issue designed by Czeslaw Slania which commemorated the eightieth birthday of John Paul II. However, the early twenty-first century saw a substantial increase in joint issues. In 2003, a set released by the Vatican and Poland celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of John Paul II's pontificate. The following year, a joint issue of the same countries commemorated the pope's return visits to Poland. In 2005, five of the eleven stamp sets released by the Vatican were joint issues. There have also been joint issues with Germany since Benedict XVI became Pope. In 2011, the Vatican and Croatia released a joint issue which commemorated the tercentenary of the birth of Rugerius Boscovich (1711 – 1787).",
"title": "Gibraltar-Vatican Joint Issue"
},
{
"docid": "32408#4",
"text": "The name was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city-state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. \"Vatican\" is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, \"Vatica\" or \"Vaticum\" meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called \"vaticanus ager\", \"Vatican territory\".",
"title": "Vatican City"
},
{
"docid": "13393#2",
"text": "Although the Holy See is sometimes metonymically referred to as the \"Vatican\", the Vatican City State was distinctively established with the Lateran Treaty (1929) between the Holy See and Italy to ensure the temporal, diplomatic, and spiritual independence of the Papacy. As such, ambassadors are officially accredited to the Holy See and not the Vatican City State. Conversely, Papal nuncios to states and international organisations are recognised as representing the Holy See and the integrity of the Catholic Church along with its 1.3 billion members, not the Vatican City State, as prescribed also in the Canon law of the Catholic Church (1983). The \"Holy See\" thus refers to the See of Rome viewed as the central government of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church, in turn, is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world, while the diplomatic status of the Holy See facilitates the access of its vast international network of charities.",
"title": "Holy See"
}
] |
[
{
"docid": "872879#3",
"text": "In the 18th century, the Papacy actively supported astronomy, establishing the Observatory of the Roman College in 1774. In 1789–1787, the \"Specola Vaticana\" in the Tower of the Winds within the Vatican was established under the direction of Msgr. Filippo Luigi Gilii (1756–1821). When Msgr. Gilii died, the \"Specola\" was closed down because it was inconvenient for students in the city because the dome of St. Peter's obstructed its view. Its instruments were transferred to the College Observatory. A third facility, the Observatory of the Capitol, was operated from 1827 to 1870.",
"title": "Vatican Observatory"
},
{
"docid": "16676481#14",
"text": "Lithuania was recognized by the Vatican in November 1922. The recognition included a stipulation by Pietro Gasparri to Lithuania, \"“to have friendly relations with Poland”.\" There were diplomatic stand-stills, as the Lithuanian government refused to accept virtually all episcopal appointments by the Vatican. The relations did not improve when, in April 1926 Pope Pius XI unilaterally established and reorganized Lithuanian ecclesiastical province without regard to Lithuanian demands and proposals, the real bone of contention being Vilnius, occupied by Poland. In the Fall of 1925, Mečislovas Reinys, a Catholic professor of Theology became Lithuanian Foreign Minister, and asked for an agreement. The Lithuanian military took over a year later, and a proposal of a concordat, drafted by the papal visitator Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius, was agreed upon by the end of 1926. This concordat was signed in Rome on 27 September 1927 by Cardinal Gasparri and Augustinas Voldemaras. Its content follows largely the Polish Concordat of 1925. Ratifications were exchanged at the Vatican on 10 December 1927 by Cardinal Gasparri and Jurgis Šaulys.",
"title": "Vatican and Eastern Europe (1846–1958)"
},
{
"docid": "17694743#3",
"text": "The pharmacy remained only a storeroom until 1892, when a permanent office was established to offer health care services to the pope, cardinals, and bishops of the Vatican. In 1917, the pharmacy was moved to St. Anne's Gate, closer to the main entrance of the Vatican. At the time, the Vatican pharmacy was immensely popular for offering medicines which were otherwise unobtainable within Rome. Even today, due to the complicated bureaucratic drug approval process of the Italian government, the pharmacy often has medicines months to years before Italian pharmacies.",
"title": "Vatican Pharmacy"
},
{
"docid": "56809687#1",
"text": "The Vatican has been an ardent supporter of the Palestinian political struggle for an independent state ever since 1967. This support, in addition to the desire to gain support for the Catholic Church from within the Palestinian community in the Palestinian territories under Israeli control, led to a process of gradually growing cooperation between the Vatican and the PLO, and later also the Palestinian authority. One such step was the meeting of Pope John Paul II and PLO chairman Yasser Arafat in 1987. Following the establishment of the Palestinian Authority under the Oslo Accords, the Vatican embarked on negotiations with the Palestinian leadership in order to regulate Catholic Church activities under Palestinian control. This was done in parallel with negotiations with the Israeli Government to the same effect. Relations of special nature not defined as \"diplomatic\" were established between the Holy See and PLO on Oct. 26, 1994.",
"title": "Comprehensive Agreement between the Holy See and the State of Palestine"
},
{
"docid": "17694743#2",
"text": "The pharmacy was founded in 1874, at the height of the \"Roman Question\", when Cardinal Secretary of State Giacomo Antonelli asked Eusebio Ludvig Fronmen, a Fatebenefratelli monk, who ran a nearby pharmacy, to take charge of supplying medicines for the pope and cardinals residing in the Vatican. Popes had been confined to the Vatican since an 1870 dispute with the Italian government, when Rome was annexed into the Kingdom of Italy.",
"title": "Vatican Pharmacy"
},
{
"docid": "14150325#0",
"text": "The Vatican Publishing House (; ; LEV) is a publisher established by the Holy See in 1926. It is responsible for publishing official documents of the Roman Catholic Church, including Papal bulls and encyclicals. On 27 June 2015, Pope Francis decreed that the Vatican Publishing House would eventually be incorporated into a newly established Secretariat for Communications in the Roman Curia.",
"title": "Vatican Publishing House"
},
{
"docid": "24454707#21",
"text": "In late 1942, senior Italian officials first approached the Vatican with peace feelers. In the eyes of the Vatican, \"the neutrality of the Vatican, achieved at such cost, was paying a dividend at last\". When Mussolini sent his son-in-law, Count Ciano, as ambassador to the Vatican in 1943, the Germans and others speculated about the possibility of Ciano negotiating a separate peace. The British for their part doubted any such intentions and wanted nothing to do with Ciano.",
"title": "Vatican City in World War II"
}
] |
[
0.22673797607421875,
0.09231805801391602,
-0.19976043701171875,
-0.028783559799194336,
0.05606222152709961,
-0.3521270751953125,
0.411376953125,
-0.26914215087890625,
0.047353148460388184,
0.65948486328125,
-0.352142333984375,
-0.15170538425445557,
-0.48248291015625,
0.07637405395507812,
-0.3130340576171875,
0.0183868408203125,
0.322174072265625,
0.04806041717529297,
-0.04125404357910156,
0.2793731689453125,
0.09064292907714844,
0.2179718017578125,
0.0016131401062011719,
0.07004356384277344,
-0.060593605041503906,
-0.03905487060546875,
-0.10017776489257812,
0.555877685546875,
-0.08699417114257812,
0.3936767578125,
0.2834930419921875,
-0.04061034321784973,
0.2674713134765625,
0.45025634765625,
-0.12523269653320312,
0.13632583618164062,
0.073486328125,
0.29717254638671875,
-0.011713981628417969,
0.1363525390625,
-0.21063995361328125,
0.11493301391601562,
0.75048828125,
0.014362812042236328,
0.2897491455078125,
-0.05686759948730469,
0.2613372802734375,
0.0562896728515625,
-0.16321182250976562,
0.46185302734375,
-0.165130615234375,
-0.05191802978515625,
-0.27874755859375,
0.0063114166259765625,
-0.70697021484375,
0.2697486877441406,
-0.1207122802734375,
0.5704345703125,
-0.13660430908203125,
0.20631027221679688,
0.228607177734375,
0.11900711059570312,
0.061626434326171875,
-0.2037811279296875,
0.40997314453125,
0.2504730224609375,
-0.06815814971923828,
-0.014636993408203125,
0.4263916015625,
0.19415283203125,
0.03534507751464844,
0.2612152099609375,
0.462249755859375,
-0.001255035400390625,
-0.12589263916015625,
-0.09348106384277344,
-0.05221080780029297,
0.3461151123046875,
0.2753143310546875,
-0.256439208984375,
0.49725341796875,
-0.41900634765625,
-0.1438140869140625,
0.189178466796875,
0.2429962158203125,
0.481536865234375,
0.10323238372802734,
0.1944732666015625,
0.415924072265625,
0.68359375,
0.000579833984375,
0.18237686157226562,
-0.156219482421875,
-0.2887115478515625,
0.3285064697265625,
0.516510009765625,
0.2664947509765625,
-0.2146759033203125,
-0.07501220703125,
-0.304534912109375,
0.04189634323120117,
-0.3240203857421875,
0.08832550048828125,
0.63995361328125,
0.606201171875,
-0.336822509765625,
-0.2850189208984375,
0.1135549545288086,
0.513824462890625,
0.2382965087890625,
0.06429767608642578,
-0.3800048828125,
0.1515960693359375,
-0.07990169525146484,
-0.036324501037597656,
-0.11307144165039062,
0.36745166778564453,
-0.13626861572265625,
-0.28484344482421875,
-0.755615234375,
0.351043701171875,
0.173248291015625,
-0.211578369140625,
-0.3067626953125,
-0.3688507080078125,
-0.1587677001953125,
0.451812744140625,
0.022140026092529297,
0.78045654296875,
0.543487548828125,
-0.397003173828125,
0.07670974731445312,
0.35218048095703125,
0.5577392578125,
0.14399337768554688,
0.16105270385742188,
0.05301856994628906,
-0.091094970703125,
0.11647796630859375,
-0.19124221801757812,
-0.5936279296875,
-0.114044189453125,
-0.10033130645751953,
0.53448486328125,
-0.1995086669921875,
0.25384521484375,
-0.13434600830078125,
0.1522979736328125,
0.00012493133544921875,
0.315460205078125,
0.591766357421875,
0.50994873046875,
-0.2790985107421875,
0.503204345703125,
0.240997314453125,
0.4173431396484375,
0.3033599853515625,
0.117706298828125,
0.004856109619140625,
0.2455902099609375,
0.78717041015625,
0.2380828857421875,
0.013080596923828125,
-0.15142822265625,
0.39044189453125,
-0.12411308288574219,
-0.08772087097167969,
0.31695556640625,
0.453155517578125,
-0.1597442626953125,
-0.4217529296875,
0.16958236694335938,
0.08097267150878906,
0.08157825469970703,
-0.03569793701171875,
0.31536865234375,
-0.2316436767578125,
-0.06331253051757812,
0.11359596252441406,
-0.05270957946777344,
0.1215972900390625,
-0.022735595703125,
0.16184234619140625,
0.1891193389892578,
0.48980712890625,
0.202911376953125,
0.1607208251953125,
-0.0101318359375,
-0.3463134765625,
0.037703514099121094,
-0.018236160278320312,
-0.04620361328125,
0.67596435546875,
-0.272613525390625,
-0.06200599670410156,
0.2930755615234375,
-0.1269378662109375,
0.21582794189453125,
-0.056610107421875,
0.25872802734375,
-0.43065738677978516,
-0.034297943115234375,
-0.2318115234375,
0.168243408203125,
0.363067626953125,
-0.14559173583984375,
-0.23752593994140625,
0.3441314697265625,
-0.34112548828125,
0.13445281982421875,
-0.06563377380371094,
0.03793907165527344,
0.5780029296875,
0.548370361328125,
-0.18087005615234375,
0.70123291015625,
0.03555488586425781,
-0.010426998138427734,
0.4692535400390625,
-0.16247177124023438,
-0.27325439453125,
0.17658233642578125,
-0.050048828125,
-0.13759613037109375,
0.023159027099609375,
-0.1336517333984375,
-0.3292388916015625,
-0.26404571533203125,
0.1379547119140625,
0.2070770263671875,
-0.11380958557128906,
0.03505992889404297,
0.03759002685546875,
-0.0666799545288086,
0.18633270263671875,
0.552520751953125,
0.08255225419998169,
-0.1282958984375,
-0.08868598937988281,
0.05368614196777344,
0.55877685546875,
0.053466796875,
-0.3590087890625,
-0.05958843231201172,
0.38226318359375,
-0.24066162109375,
0.29374170303344727,
-0.07656335830688477,
-0.09487533569335938,
0.09108161926269531,
-0.1851806640625,
0.08107542991638184,
0.432861328125,
0.40350341796875,
-0.31512451171875,
0.2650909423828125,
0.134490966796875,
0.1146392822265625,
0.16899347305297852,
0.09349203109741211,
0.3078765869140625,
0.2538604736328125,
0.11668896675109863,
0.39251708984375,
-0.10817718505859375,
-0.0659632682800293,
0.0722355842590332,
0.463836669921875,
-0.10290956497192383,
-0.2382793426513672,
0.623016357421875,
-0.1692943572998047,
-0.025907516479492188,
0.11840438842773438,
-0.656982421875,
0.166778564453125,
0.2991790771484375,
0.3264617919921875,
-0.24334716796875,
-0.036107540130615234,
0.09255599975585938,
0.07389700412750244,
-0.0943756103515625,
0.344940185546875,
0.2512664794921875,
-0.12244176864624023,
-0.025660037994384766,
-0.06953668594360352,
-0.071563720703125,
-0.021938323974609375,
-0.07791519165039062,
0.3692626953125,
-0.20398712158203125,
-0.3563385009765625,
0.09918069839477539,
-0.245819091796875,
0.246826171875,
-0.393280029296875,
-0.20589828491210938,
-0.24786376953125,
0.36212158203125,
-0.75299072265625,
0.3655242919921875,
0.6109619140625,
0.2123870849609375,
-0.12892913818359375,
0.03801727294921875,
0.1191253662109375,
0.17812347412109375,
0.181610107421875,
0.2365875244140625,
-0.5323486328125,
0.08551335334777832,
0.48663330078125,
0.10533332824707031,
0.529876708984375,
0.1597442626953125,
-0.11126327514648438,
0.0033588409423828125,
0.3922119140625,
-0.10842514038085938,
0.11650657653808594,
-0.324371337890625,
-0.07484769821166992,
0.17578125,
-0.5374755859375,
0.11634063720703125,
-0.445404052734375,
0.580078125,
0.16030120849609375,
0.2375788688659668,
0.5848388671875,
-0.11674118041992188,
0.0034332275390625,
-0.120208740234375,
0.1258087158203125,
-0.026312828063964844,
0.2905120849609375,
0.30031585693359375,
-0.03249239921569824,
-0.08857345581054688,
-0.2110137939453125,
-0.123504638671875,
0.2501373291015625,
-0.012753486633300781,
0.2609710693359375,
0.31307220458984375,
0.2344512939453125,
0.05213642120361328,
-0.175933837890625,
-0.44854736328125,
0.35675048828125,
0.11291122436523438,
-0.0020389556884765625,
0.3458251953125,
0.00270843505859375,
0.489501953125,
0.3134307861328125,
0.39398193359375,
-0.3026123046875,
0.281646728515625,
0.34033203125,
0.2637786865234375,
-0.0740814208984375,
0.4215087890625,
0.12355804443359375,
0.11126708984375,
0.0386357307434082,
-0.12864112854003906,
0.2880096435546875,
-0.02631378173828125,
-0.13022184371948242,
-0.289520263671875,
-0.155517578125,
-0.445220947265625,
-0.165496826171875,
0.018627166748046875,
0.40545654296875,
0.344940185546875,
0.13227462768554688,
0.2648773193359375,
0.58056640625,
0.3003082275390625,
0.009511947631835938,
-0.3333740234375,
-0.046898841857910156,
-0.11365509033203125,
0.3217010498046875,
0.25179290771484375,
-0.05389547348022461,
0.045806884765625,
-0.09371566772460938,
-0.18092060089111328,
-0.3463287353515625,
-0.14600181579589844,
-0.2013702392578125,
0.12223577499389648,
0.08508682250976562,
0.0683441162109375,
-0.26544189453125,
0.13002777099609375,
0.48834228515625,
0.5758056640625,
0.41387939453125,
4.2509765625,
0.08824920654296875,
0.347076416015625,
-0.19260406494140625,
-0.13056182861328125,
0.19061279296875,
0.55938720703125,
-0.39654541015625,
0.03789687156677246,
-0.10443878173828125,
0.05108165740966797,
0.030760765075683594,
0.01371002197265625,
-0.067840576171875,
-0.03466224670410156,
0.012773990631103516,
0.09092521667480469,
0.12259674072265625,
-0.218353271484375,
0.021018661558628082,
-0.1555633544921875,
0.098480224609375,
0.05498635768890381,
0.5714111328125,
0.510101318359375,
0.059015750885009766,
-0.11851072311401367,
0.37139892578125,
0.66448974609375,
0.09527206420898438,
0.68902587890625,
-0.0868988037109375,
0.031826019287109375,
-0.1024179458618164,
-0.604522705078125,
-0.0020580291748046875,
0.4224853515625,
0.28226470947265625,
0.055979132652282715,
-0.198760986328125,
-0.06573486328125,
0.05236530303955078,
0.0878753662109375,
0.645263671875,
-0.05715751647949219,
-0.017953872680664062,
0.03399556875228882,
0.452850341796875,
-0.03115367889404297,
-0.0697021484375,
0.611602783203125,
-0.2068023681640625,
-0.1825714111328125,
0.3118896484375,
0.3231658935546875,
0.443756103515625,
0.428680419921875,
0.58343505859375,
0.07670211791992188,
0.032073974609375,
0.364532470703125,
-0.15335464477539062,
0.03789520263671875,
-0.1479473114013672,
-0.119659423828125,
0.05736541748046875,
0.15602874755859375,
0.1468963623046875,
0.363800048828125,
0.1732940673828125,
0.15901565551757812,
0.387939453125,
-0.2155609130859375,
-0.2296905517578125,
0.0922698974609375,
-0.08146524429321289,
-0.273162841796875,
-0.05008506774902344,
0.2862548828125,
0.0960245132446289,
0.28221893310546875,
0.0832672119140625,
0.1378021240234375,
0.4332275390625,
0.10238075256347656,
0.4317626953125,
0.17420196533203125,
-0.11531448364257812,
0.37017822265625,
-0.00578579306602478,
0.658172607421875,
0.021884918212890625,
0.2845306396484375,
-0.12364959716796875,
0.10838890075683594,
0.1672821044921875,
-0.09331464767456055,
-4.007080078125,
0.023628711700439453,
0.451873779296875,
-0.04356575012207031,
-0.06067371368408203,
-0.11399269104003906,
0.2863616943359375,
0.01819610595703125,
-0.2370452880859375,
0.17155075073242188,
0.020503997802734375,
-0.0590057373046875,
-0.430450439453125,
0.4199676513671875,
0.2759666442871094,
0.2962646484375,
-0.270050048828125,
0.206024169921875,
0.630889892578125,
-0.16787338256835938,
0.248931884765625,
-0.267669677734375,
0.40277099609375,
-0.225189208984375,
0.18729019165039062,
-0.00144195556640625,
0.287353515625,
-0.2138214111328125,
0.010666847229003906,
0.150146484375,
-0.020456314086914062,
0.296539306640625,
0.5811767578125,
-0.07063007354736328,
0.2478790283203125,
0.39892578125,
0.3020477294921875,
0.0561823844909668,
0.2640380859375,
0.3017578125,
-0.08245468139648438,
-0.03637981414794922,
0.23361968994140625,
0.1840972900390625,
-0.16493797302246094,
0.019837379455566406,
-0.363922119140625,
0.0059642791748046875,
-0.35552978515625,
0.08851814270019531,
0.500213623046875,
0.039581298828125,
-0.06987571716308594,
-0.195068359375,
0.5313720703125,
-0.20662879943847656,
-0.0296478271484375,
-0.039760589599609375,
0.2974395751953125,
0.3449554443359375,
0.296875,
0.12360477447509766,
0.1862335205078125,
0.18704986572265625,
0.15498733520507812,
-0.06489253044128418,
0.10414505004882812,
0.47357177734375,
0.333038330078125,
-0.35747528076171875,
0.7069091796875,
0.2402421236038208,
0.2143096923828125,
0.06871604919433594,
0.2657318115234375,
0.047088623046875,
0.016777992248535156,
0.09588432312011719,
0.51287841796875,
0.00060272216796875,
-0.10608673095703125,
-0.13821029663085938,
-0.3244171142578125,
0.3245048522949219,
2.26904296875,
0.2847747802734375,
2.26904296875,
0.296539306640625,
0.12885284423828125,
0.2541961669921875,
-0.282501220703125,
0.08635711669921875,
0.19549560546875,
0.08208656311035156,
-0.009326934814453125,
0.030590057373046875,
-0.1058807373046875,
0.385467529296875,
-0.1834564208984375,
-0.009988784790039062,
0.22982025146484375,
-1.148590087890625,
0.379913330078125,
-0.338226318359375,
0.30914306640625,
0.08881759643554688,
-0.25995635986328125,
0.24518060684204102,
-0.04542827606201172,
-0.1612701416015625,
0.07625198364257812,
0.08382892608642578,
0.037342071533203125,
-0.19378280639648438,
-0.07401657104492188,
0.08023834228515625,
0.3132476806640625,
0.11164963245391846,
0.027269840240478516,
0.21512603759765625,
-0.14597702026367188,
4.67724609375,
0.446502685546875,
-0.1650676727294922,
0.1071314811706543,
0.2728729248046875,
-0.10800457000732422,
0.380859375,
0.03862762451171875,
0.1255035400390625,
-0.061837196350097656,
0.3735809326171875,
0.2883758544921875,
-0.10724258422851562,
-0.13433837890625,
0.30072021484375,
0.20809555053710938,
0.016616106033325195,
0.1526203155517578,
0.12157440185546875,
-0.08990097045898438,
-0.005885601043701172,
0.3457794189453125,
0.18927001953125,
-0.14981842041015625,
-0.004055023193359375,
0.1780853271484375,
0.16778564453125,
-0.469879150390625,
-0.10568904876708984,
0.01482248306274414,
0.323516845703125,
5.4951171875,
0.1121063232421875,
0.1916351318359375,
-0.08306884765625,
0.14892196655273438,
0.35467529296875,
-0.26666259765625,
-0.3338623046875,
0.056948184967041016,
-0.07770800590515137,
-0.0519866943359375,
0.22497940063476562,
-0.3433685302734375,
0.4425048828125,
0.21238327026367188,
0.342132568359375,
-0.1895294189453125,
-0.3177032470703125,
0.3093719482421875,
-0.1466522216796875,
0.3092193603515625,
0.018787384033203125,
-0.00433802604675293,
-0.44647216796875,
-0.27392578125,
0.20494842529296875,
-0.013879776000976562,
0.2165985107421875,
0.014608383178710938,
-0.1087646484375,
0.60430908203125,
0.140045166015625,
0.01935291290283203,
-0.005477428436279297,
-0.09065628051757812,
0.06283950805664062,
0.2883758544921875,
-0.2726593017578125,
0.07942819595336914,
-0.12394332885742188,
0.5111083984375,
0.3088226318359375,
0.25637054443359375,
0.2694549560546875,
0.011709213256835938,
-0.03000926971435547,
-0.304901123046875,
-0.294097900390625,
0.089813232421875,
-0.1952972412109375,
0.367828369140625,
-0.08535575866699219,
1.0360107421875,
0.23207950592041016,
0.2532958984375,
0.2142791748046875,
-0.28862762451171875,
-0.085174560546875,
0.07270622253417969,
-0.12068939208984375,
0.3208732604980469,
0.026763916015625,
-0.265838623046875,
0.34906005859375,
0.3039703369140625,
0.294097900390625,
-0.14408588409423828,
-0.022039413452148438,
0.76788330078125,
-0.2759552001953125,
-0.2140350341796875,
-0.14853620529174805,
0.206146240234375,
0.1851520538330078,
-0.09564781188964844,
0.14595413208007812,
0.2982635498046875,
-0.228515625,
-0.04221153259277344,
-0.08100032806396484,
-0.11405181884765625,
-0.02296733856201172,
-0.03707742691040039,
-0.021090030670166016,
0.09370040893554688,
-0.04310131072998047,
0.00023174285888671875,
-0.1630706787109375,
0.28179931640625,
0.1461029052734375,
0.343536376953125,
-0.330413818359375,
-0.06557464599609375,
0.94842529296875,
0.3353424072265625,
0.219573974609375,
0.2906646728515625,
0.483795166015625,
-0.3877716064453125,
0.2543487548828125,
-0.3325462341308594,
0.436004638671875,
-0.2778778076171875,
0.08039569854736328,
0.124114990234375,
-0.32513427734375,
-0.22011184692382812,
-0.031296730041503906,
-0.028512954711914062,
0.07447433471679688,
0.4033203125,
0.44854736328125,
0.06115150451660156,
0.09898757934570312,
-0.18572235107421875
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.