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1401.3836
|
Liyue Zhao
|
Liyue Zhao, Yu Zhang and Gita Sukthankar
|
An Active Learning Approach for Jointly Estimating Worker Performance
and Annotation Reliability with Crowdsourced Data
|
10 pages
| null | null | null |
cs.LG cs.HC
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Crowdsourcing platforms offer a practical solution to the problem of
affordably annotating large datasets for training supervised classifiers.
Unfortunately, poor worker performance frequently threatens to compromise
annotation reliability, and requesting multiple labels for every instance can
lead to large cost increases without guaranteeing good results. Minimizing the
required training samples using an active learning selection procedure reduces
the labeling requirement but can jeopardize classifier training by focusing on
erroneous annotations. This paper presents an active learning approach in which
worker performance, task difficulty, and annotation reliability are jointly
estimated and used to compute the risk function guiding the sample selection
procedure. We demonstrate that the proposed approach, which employs active
learning with Bayesian networks, significantly improves training accuracy and
correctly ranks the expertise of unknown labelers in the presence of annotation
noise.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:51:19 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Zhao",
"Liyue",
""
],
[
"Zhang",
"Yu",
""
],
[
"Sukthankar",
"Gita",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3837
|
Moshe Babaioff
|
Moshe Babaioff, Michal Feldman, Noam Nisan
|
Mixed Strategies in Combinatorial Agency
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
339-369, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2961
| null |
cs.GT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In many multiagent domains a set of agents exert effort towards a joint
outcome, yet the individual effort levels cannot be easily observed. A typical
example for such a scenario is routing in communication networks, where the
sender can only observe whether the packet reached its destination, but often
has no information about the actions of the intermediate routers, which
influences the final outcome. We study a setting where a principal needs to
motivate a team of agents whose combination of hidden efforts stochastically
determines an outcome. In a companion paper we devise and study a basic
combinatorial agency model for this setting, where the principal is restricted
to inducing a pure Nash equilibrium. Here we study various implications of this
restriction. First, we show that, in contrast to the case of observable
efforts, inducing a mixed-strategies equilibrium may be beneficial for the
principal. Second, we present a sufficient condition for technologies for which
no gain can be generated. Third, we bound the principals gain for various
families of technologies. Finally, we study the robustness of mixed equilibria
to coalitional deviations and the computational hardness of the optimal mixed
equilibria.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:51:30 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Babaioff",
"Moshe",
""
],
[
"Feldman",
"Michal",
""
],
[
"Nisan",
"Noam",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3838
|
Claudette Cayrol
|
Claudette Cayrol, Florence Dupin de Saint-Cyr, Marie-Christine
Lagasquie-Schiex
|
Change in Abstract Argumentation Frameworks: Adding an Argument
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
49-84, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2965
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In this paper, we address the problem of change in an abstract argumentation
system. We focus on a particular change: the addition of a new argument which
interacts with previous arguments. We study the impact of such an addition on
the outcome of the argumentation system, more particularly on the set of its
extensions. Several properties for this change operation are defined by
comparing the new set of extensions to the initial one, these properties are
called structural when the comparisons are based on set-cardinality or
set-inclusion relations. Several other properties are proposed where
comparisons are based on the status of some particular arguments: the accepted
arguments; these properties refer to the evolution of this status during the
change, e.g., Monotony and Priority to Recency. All these properties may be
more or less desirable according to specific applications. They are studied
under two particular semantics: the grounded and preferred semantics.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:52:08 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Cayrol",
"Claudette",
""
],
[
"de Saint-Cyr",
"Florence Dupin",
""
],
[
"Lagasquie-Schiex",
"Marie-Christine",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3839
|
Silvia Richter
|
Silvia Richter, Matthias Westphal
|
The LAMA Planner: Guiding Cost-Based Anytime Planning with Landmarks
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
127-177, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2972
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
LAMA is a classical planning system based on heuristic forward search. Its
core feature is the use of a pseudo-heuristic derived from landmarks,
propositional formulas that must be true in every solution of a planning task.
LAMA builds on the Fast Downward planning system, using finite-domain rather
than binary state variables and multi-heuristic search. The latter is employed
to combine the landmark heuristic with a variant of the well-known FF
heuristic. Both heuristics are cost-sensitive, focusing on high-quality
solutions in the case where actions have non-uniform cost. A weighted A* search
is used with iteratively decreasing weights, so that the planner continues to
search for plans of better quality until the search is terminated. LAMA showed
best performance among all planners in the sequential satisficing track of the
International Planning Competition 2008. In this paper we present the system in
detail and investigate which features of LAMA are crucial for its performance.
We present individual results for some of the domains used at the competition,
demonstrating good and bad cases for the techniques implemented in LAMA.
Overall, we find that using landmarks improves performance, whereas the
incorporation of action costs into the heuristic estimators proves not to be
beneficial. We show that in some domains a search that ignores cost solves far
more problems, raising the question of how to deal with action costs more
effectively in the future. The iterated weighted A* search greatly improves
results, and shows synergy effects with the use of landmarks.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:52:55 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Richter",
"Silvia",
""
],
[
"Westphal",
"Matthias",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3840
|
Johan Wittocx
|
Johan Wittocx, Maarten Mari\"en, Marc Denecker
|
Grounding FO and FO(ID) with Bounds
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
223-269, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2980
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Grounding is the task of reducing a first-order theory and finite domain to
an equivalent propositional theory. It is used as preprocessing phase in many
logic-based reasoning systems. Such systems provide a rich first-order input
language to a user and can rely on efficient propositional solvers to perform
the actual reasoning. Besides a first-order theory and finite domain, the input
for grounders contains in many applications also additional data. By exploiting
this data, the size of the grounders output can often be reduced significantly.
A common practice to improve the efficiency of a grounder in this context is by
manually adding semantically redundant information to the input theory,
indicating where and when the grounder should exploit the data. In this paper
we present a method to compute and add such redundant information
automatically. Our method therefore simplifies the task of writing input
theories that can be grounded efficiently by current systems. We first present
our method for classical first-order logic (FO) theories. Then we extend it to
FO(ID), the extension of FO with inductive definitions, which allows for more
concise and comprehensive input theories. We discuss implementation issues and
experimentally validate the practical applicability of our method.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:53:20 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Wittocx",
"Johan",
""
],
[
"Mariën",
"Maarten",
""
],
[
"Denecker",
"Marc",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3841
|
Mark Owen Riedl
|
Mark Owen Riedl, Robert Michael Young
|
Narrative Planning: Balancing Plot and Character
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
217-268, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2989
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Narrative, and in particular storytelling, is an important part of the human
experience. Consequently, computational systems that can reason about narrative
can be more effective communicators, entertainers, educators, and trainers. One
of the central challenges in computational narrative reasoning is narrative
generation, the automated creation of meaningful event sequences. There are
many factors -- logical and aesthetic -- that contribute to the success of a
narrative artifact. Central to this success is its understandability. We argue
that the following two attributes of narratives are universal: (a) the logical
causal progression of plot, and (b) character believability. Character
believability is the perception by the audience that the actions performed by
characters do not negatively impact the audiences suspension of disbelief.
Specifically, characters must be perceived by the audience to be intentional
agents. In this article, we explore the use of refinement search as a technique
for solving the narrative generation problem -- to find a sound and believable
sequence of character actions that transforms an initial world state into a
world state in which goal propositions hold. We describe a novel refinement
search planning algorithm -- the Intent-based Partial Order Causal Link (IPOCL)
planner -- that, in addition to creating causally sound plot progression,
reasons about character intentionality by identifying possible character goals
that explain their actions and creating plan structures that explain why those
characters commit to their goals. We present the results of an empirical
evaluation that demonstrates that narrative plans generated by the IPOCL
algorithm support audience comprehension of character intentions better than
plans generated by conventional partial-order planners.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:54:07 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Riedl",
"Mark Owen",
""
],
[
"Young",
"Robert Michael",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3842
|
David Lesaint
|
David Lesaint, Deepak Mehta, Barry O'Sullivan, Luis Quesada, Nic
Wilson
|
Developing Approaches for Solving a Telecommunications Feature
Subscription Problem
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
271-305, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2992
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Call control features (e.g., call-divert, voice-mail) are primitive options
to which users can subscribe off-line to personalise their service. The
configuration of a feature subscription involves choosing and sequencing
features from a catalogue and is subject to constraints that prevent
undesirable feature interactions at run-time. When the subscription requested
by a user is inconsistent, one problem is to find an optimal relaxation, which
is a generalisation of the feedback vertex set problem on directed graphs, and
thus it is an NP-hard task. We present several constraint programming
formulations of the problem. We also present formulations using partial
weighted maximum Boolean satisfiability and mixed integer linear programming.
We study all these formulations by experimentally comparing them on a variety
of randomly generated instances of the feature subscription problem.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:54:27 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Lesaint",
"David",
""
],
[
"Mehta",
"Deepak",
""
],
[
"O'Sullivan",
"Barry",
""
],
[
"Quesada",
"Luis",
""
],
[
"Wilson",
"Nic",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3843
|
Kenny Daniel
|
Kenny Daniel, Alex Nash, Sven Koenig, Ariel Felner
|
Theta*: Any-Angle Path Planning on Grids
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
533-579, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.2994
| null |
cs.CG cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Grids with blocked and unblocked cells are often used to represent terrain in
robotics and video games. However, paths formed by grid edges can be longer
than true shortest paths in the terrain since their headings are artificially
constrained. We present two new correct and complete any-angle path-planning
algorithms that avoid this shortcoming. Basic Theta* and Angle-Propagation
Theta* are both variants of A* that propagate information along grid edges
without constraining paths to grid edges. Basic Theta* is simple to understand
and implement, fast and finds short paths. However, it is not guaranteed to
find true shortest paths. Angle-Propagation Theta* achieves a better worst-case
complexity per vertex expansion than Basic Theta* by propagating angle ranges
when it expands vertices, but is more complex, not as fast and finds slightly
longer paths. We refer to Basic Theta* and Angle-Propagation Theta*
collectively as Theta*. Theta* has unique properties, which we analyze in
detail. We show experimentally that it finds shorter paths than both A* with
post-smoothed paths and Field D* (the only other version of A* we know of that
propagates information along grid edges without constraining paths to grid
edges) with a runtime comparable to that of A* on grids. Finally, we extend
Theta* to grids that contain unblocked cells with non-uniform traversal costs
and introduce variants of Theta* which provide different tradeoffs between path
length and runtime.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:55:01 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Daniel",
"Kenny",
""
],
[
"Nash",
"Alex",
""
],
[
"Koenig",
"Sven",
""
],
[
"Felner",
"Ariel",
""
]
] |
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] |
Theta*: Any-Angle Path Planning on Grids
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.3843v1
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.3843v1.pdf
|
https://github.com/PathPlanning/ORCA-algorithm
| false | false |
https://paperswithcode.com/paper/theta-any-angle-path-planning-on-grids
|
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] |
1401.3844
|
Yagil Engel
|
Yagil Engel, Michael P. Wellman
|
Multiattribute Auctions Based on Generalized Additive Independence
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 37, pages
479-525, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3002
| null |
cs.GT cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We develop multiattribute auctions that accommodate generalized additive
independent (GAI) preferences. We propose an iterative auction mechanism that
maintains prices on potentially overlapping GAI clusters of attributes, thus
decreases elicitation and computational burden, and creates an open competition
among suppliers over a multidimensional domain. Most significantly, the auction
is guaranteed to achieve surplus which approximates optimal welfare up to a
small additive factor, under reasonable equilibrium strategies of traders. The
main departure of GAI auctions from previous literature is to accommodate
non-additive trader preferences, hence allowing traders to condition their
evaluation of specific attributes on the value of other attributes. At the same
time, the GAI structure supports a compact representation of prices, enabling a
tractable auction process. We perform a simulation study, demonstrating and
quantifying the significant efficiency advantage of more expressive preference
modeling. We draw random GAI-structured utility functions with various internal
structures, generate additive functions that approximate the GAI utility, and
compare the performance of the auctions using the two representations. We find
that allowing traders to express existing dependencies among attributes
improves the economic efficiency of multiattribute auctions.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:55:39 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Engel",
"Yagil",
""
],
[
"Wellman",
"Michael P.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3845
|
Jianhui Wu
|
Jianhui Wu, Edmund H. Durfee
|
Resource-Driven Mission-Phasing Techniques for Constrained Agents in
Stochastic Environments
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
415-473, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3004
| null |
cs.MA cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Because an agents resources dictate what actions it can possibly take, it
should plan which resources it holds over time carefully, considering its
inherent limitations (such as power or payload restrictions), the competing
needs of other agents for the same resources, and the stochastic nature of the
environment. Such agents can, in general, achieve more of their objectives if
they can use --- and even create --- opportunities to change which resources
they hold at various times. Driven by resource constraints, the agents could
break their overall missions into an optimal series of phases, optimally
reconfiguring their resources at each phase, and optimally using their assigned
resources in each phase, given their knowledge of the stochastic environment.
In this paper, we formally define and analyze this constrained, sequential
optimization problem in both the single-agent and multi-agent contexts. We
present a family of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations of
this problem that can optimally create phases (when phases are not predefined)
accounting for costs and limitations in phase creation. Because our
formulations multaneously also find the optimal allocations of resources at
each phase and the optimal policies for using the allocated resources at each
phase, they exploit structure across these coupled problems. This allows them
to find solutions significantly faster(orders of magnitude faster in larger
problems) than alternative solution techniques, as we demonstrate empirically.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:56:30 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Wu",
"Jianhui",
""
],
[
"Durfee",
"Edmund H.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3846
|
Graeme Gange
|
Graeme Gange, Peter James Stuckey, Vitaly Lagoon
|
Fast Set Bounds Propagation Using a BDD-SAT Hybrid
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
307-338, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3014
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) based set bounds propagation is a powerful
approach to solving set-constraint satisfaction problems. However, prior BDD
based techniques in- cur the significant overhead of constructing and
manipulating graphs during search. We present a set-constraint solver which
combines BDD-based set-bounds propagators with the learning abilities of a
modern SAT solver. Together with a number of improvements beyond the basic
algorithm, this solver is highly competitive with existing propagation based
set constraint solvers.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:56:56 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Gange",
"Graeme",
""
],
[
"Stuckey",
"Peter James",
""
],
[
"Lagoon",
"Vitaly",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3847
|
Jia-Hong Wu
|
Jia-Hong Wu, Robert Givan
|
Automatic Induction of Bellman-Error Features for Probabilistic Planning
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
687-755, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3021
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Domain-specific features are important in representing problem structure
throughout machine learning and decision-theoretic planning. In planning, once
state features are provided, domain-independent algorithms such as approximate
value iteration can learn weighted combinations of those features that often
perform well as heuristic estimates of state value (e.g., distance to the
goal). Successful applications in real-world domains often require features
crafted by human experts. Here, we propose automatic processes for learning
useful domain-specific feature sets with little or no human intervention. Our
methods select and add features that describe state-space regions of high
inconsistency in the Bellman equation (statewise Bellman error) during
approximate value iteration. Our method can be applied using any
real-valued-feature hypothesis space and corresponding learning method for
selecting features from training sets of state-value pairs. We evaluate the
method with hypothesis spaces defined by both relational and propositional
feature languages, using nine probabilistic planning domains. We show that
approximate value iteration using a relational feature space performs at the
state-of-the-art in domain-independent stochastic relational planning. Our
method provides the first domain-independent approach that plays Tetris
successfully (without human-engineered features).
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:57:22 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Wu",
"Jia-Hong",
""
],
[
"Givan",
"Robert",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3848
|
Alexander Feldman
|
Alexander Feldman, Gregory Provan, Arjan van Gemund
|
Approximate Model-Based Diagnosis Using Greedy Stochastic Search
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
371-413, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3025
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We propose a StochAstic Fault diagnosis AlgoRIthm, called SAFARI, which
trades off guarantees of computing minimal diagnoses for computational
efficiency. We empirically demonstrate, using the 74XXX and ISCAS-85 suites of
benchmark combinatorial circuits, that SAFARI achieves several
orders-of-magnitude speedup over two well-known deterministic algorithms, CDA*
and HA*, for multiple-fault diagnoses; further, SAFARI can compute a range of
multiple-fault diagnoses that CDA* and HA* cannot. We also prove that SAFARI is
optimal for a range of propositional fault models, such as the widely-used
weak-fault models (models with ignorance of abnormal behavior). We discuss the
optimality of SAFARI in a class of strong-fault circuit models with stuck-at
failure modes. By modeling the algorithm itself as a Markov chain, we provide
exact bounds on the minimality of the diagnosis computed. SAFARI also displays
strong anytime behavior, and will return a diagnosis after any non-trivial
inference time.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:57:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Feldman",
"Alexander",
""
],
[
"Provan",
"Gregory",
""
],
[
"van Gemund",
"Arjan",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3849
|
Sebastian Rudolph
|
Sebastian Rudolph, Birte Glimm
|
Nominals, Inverses, Counting, and Conjunctive Queries or: Why Infinity
is your Friend!
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
429-481, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3029
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Description Logics are knowledge representation formalisms that provide, for
example, the logical underpinning of the W3C OWL standards. Conjunctive
queries, the standard query language in databases, have recently gained
significant attention as an expressive formalism for querying Description Logic
knowledge bases. Several different techniques for deciding conjunctive query
entailment are available for a wide range of DLs. Nevertheless, the combination
of nominals, inverse roles, and number restrictions in OWL 1 and OWL 2 DL
causes unsolvable problems for the techniques hitherto available. We tackle
this problem and present a decidability result for entailment of unions of
conjunctive queries in the DL ALCHOIQb that contains all three problematic
constructors simultaneously. Provided that queries contain only simple roles,
our result also shows decidability of entailment of (unions of) conjunctive
queries in the logic that underpins OWL 1 DL and we believe that the presented
results will pave the way for further progress towards conjunctive query
entailment decision procedures for the Description Logics underlying the OWL
standards.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:58:22 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Rudolph",
"Sebastian",
""
],
[
"Glimm",
"Birte",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3850
|
Alexander Feldman
|
Alexander Feldman, Gregory Provan, Arjan van Gemund
|
A Model-Based Active Testing Approach to Sequential Diagnosis
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
301-334, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3031
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Model-based diagnostic reasoning often leads to a large number of diagnostic
hypotheses. The set of diagnoses can be reduced by taking into account extra
observations (passive monitoring), measuring additional variables (probing) or
executing additional tests (sequential diagnosis/test sequencing). In this
paper we combine the above approaches with techniques from Automated Test
Pattern Generation (ATPG) and Model-Based Diagnosis (MBD) into a framework
called FRACTAL (FRamework for ACtive Testing ALgorithms). Apart from the inputs
and outputs that connect a system to its environment, in active testing we
consider additional input variables to which a sequence of test vectors can be
supplied. We address the computationally hard problem of computing optimal
control assignments (as defined in FRACTAL) in terms of a greedy approximation
algorithm called FRACTAL-G. We compare the decrease in the number of remaining
minimal cardinality diagnoses of FRACTAL-G to that of two more FRACTAL
algorithms: FRACTAL-ATPG and FRACTAL-P. FRACTAL-ATPG is based on ATPG and
sequential diagnosis while FRACTAL-P is based on probing and, although not an
active testing algorithm, provides a baseline for comparing the lower bound on
the number of reachable diagnoses for the FRACTAL algorithms. We empirically
evaluate the trade-offs of the three FRACTAL algorithms by performing extensive
experimentation on the ISCAS85/74XXX benchmark of combinational circuits.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:58:46 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Feldman",
"Alexander",
""
],
[
"Provan",
"Gregory",
""
],
[
"van Gemund",
"Arjan",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3851
|
Jing Xu
|
Jing Xu, Christian R. Shelton
|
Intrusion Detection using Continuous Time Bayesian Networks
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
745-774, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3050
| null |
cs.AI cs.CR
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) fall into two high-level categories:
network-based systems (NIDS) that monitor network behaviors, and host-based
systems (HIDS) that monitor system calls. In this work, we present a general
technique for both systems. We use anomaly detection, which identifies patterns
not conforming to a historic norm. In both types of systems, the rates of
change vary dramatically over time (due to burstiness) and over components (due
to service difference). To efficiently model such systems, we use continuous
time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) and avoid specifying a fixed update interval
common to discrete-time models. We build generative models from the normal
training data, and abnormal behaviors are flagged based on their likelihood
under this norm. For NIDS, we construct a hierarchical CTBN model for the
network packet traces and use Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering to learn the
parameters. We illustrate the power of our method through experiments on
detecting real worms and identifying hosts on two publicly available network
traces, the MAWI dataset and the LBNL dataset. For HIDS, we develop a novel
learning method to deal with the finite resolution of system log file time
stamps, without losing the benefits of our continuous time model. We
demonstrate the method by detecting intrusions in the DARPA 1998 BSM dataset.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:59:06 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Xu",
"Jing",
""
],
[
"Shelton",
"Christian R.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3852
|
Gianluigi Greco
|
Gianluigi Greco, Enrico Malizia, Luigi Palopoli, Francesco Scarcello
|
Non-Transferable Utility Coalitional Games via Mixed-Integer Linear
Constraints
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
633-685, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3060
| null |
cs.GT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Coalitional games serve the purpose of modeling payoff distribution problems
in scenarios where agents can collaborate by forming coalitions in order to
obtain higher worths than by acting in isolation. In the classical Transferable
Utility (TU) setting, coalition worths can be freely distributed amongst
agents. However, in several application scenarios, this is not the case and the
Non-Transferable Utility setting (NTU) must be considered, where additional
application-oriented constraints are imposed on the possible worth
distributions. In this paper, an approach to define NTU games is proposed which
is based on describing allowed distributions via a set of mixed-integer linear
constraints applied to an underlying TU game. It is shown that such games allow
non-transferable conditions on worth distributions to be specified in a natural
and succinct way. The properties and the relationships among the most prominent
solution concepts for NTU games that hold when they are applied on
(mixed-integer) constrained games are investigated. Finally, a thorough
analysis is carried out to assess the impact of issuing constraints on the
computational complexity of some of these solution concepts.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:59:32 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Greco",
"Gianluigi",
""
],
[
"Malizia",
"Enrico",
""
],
[
"Palopoli",
"Luigi",
""
],
[
"Scarcello",
"Francesco",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3853
|
Michael Katz
|
Michael Katz, Carmel Domshlak
|
Implicit Abstraction Heuristics
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
51-126, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3063
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
State-space search with explicit abstraction heuristics is at the state of
the art of cost-optimal planning. These heuristics are inherently limited,
nonetheless, because the size of the abstract space must be bounded by some,
even if a very large, constant. Targeting this shortcoming, we introduce the
notion of (additive) implicit abstractions, in which the planning task is
abstracted by instances of tractable fragments of optimal planning. We then
introduce a concrete setting of this framework, called fork-decomposition, that
is based on two novel fragments of tractable cost-optimal planning. The induced
admissible heuristics are then studied formally and empirically. This study
testifies for the accuracy of the fork decomposition heuristics, yet our
empirical evaluation also stresses the tradeoff between their accuracy and the
runtime complexity of computing them. Indeed, some of the power of the explicit
abstraction heuristics comes from precomputing the heuristic function offline
and then determining h(s) for each evaluated state s by a very fast lookup in a
database. By contrast, while fork-decomposition heuristics can be calculated in
polynomial time, computing them is far from being fast. To address this
problem, we show that the time-per-node complexity bottleneck of the
fork-decomposition heuristics can be successfully overcome. We demonstrate that
an equivalent of the explicit abstraction notion of a database exists for the
fork-decomposition abstractions as well, despite their exponential-size
abstract spaces. We then verify empirically that heuristic search with the
databased" fork-decomposition heuristics favorably competes with the state of
the art of cost-optimal planning.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 04:59:55 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Katz",
"Michael",
""
],
[
"Domshlak",
"Carmel",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3854
|
Bonny Banerjee
|
Bonny Banerjee, B. Chandrasekaran
|
A Constraint Satisfaction Framework for Executing Perceptions and
Actions in Diagrammatic Reasoning
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
373-427, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3069
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Diagrammatic reasoning (DR) is pervasive in human problem solving as a
powerful adjunct to symbolic reasoning based on language-like representations.
The research reported in this paper is a contribution to building a general
purpose DR system as an extension to a SOAR-like problem solving architecture.
The work is in a framework in which DR is modeled as a process where subtasks
are solved, as appropriate, either by inference from symbolic representations
or by interaction with a diagram, i.e., perceiving specified information from a
diagram or modifying/creating objects in a diagram in specified ways according
to problem solving needs. The perceptions and actions in most DR systems built
so far are hand-coded for the specific application, even when the rest of the
system is built using the general architecture. The absence of a general
framework for executing perceptions/actions poses as a major hindrance to using
them opportunistically -- the essence of open-ended search in problem solving.
Our goal is to develop a framework for executing a wide variety of specified
perceptions and actions across tasks/domains without human intervention. We
observe that the domain/task-specific visual perceptions/actions can be
transformed into domain/task-independent spatial problems. We specify a spatial
problem as a quantified constraint satisfaction problem in the real domain
using an open-ended vocabulary of properties, relations and actions involving
three kinds of diagrammatic objects -- points, curves, regions. Solving a
spatial problem from this specification requires computing the equivalent
simplified quantifier-free expression, the complexity of which is inherently
doubly exponential. We represent objects as configuration of simple elements to
facilitate decomposition of complex problems into simpler and similar
subproblems. We show that, if the symbolic solution to a subproblem can be
expressed concisely, quantifiers can be eliminated from spatial problems in
low-order polynomial time using similar previously solved subproblems. This
requires determining the similarity of two problems, the existence of a mapping
between them computable in polynomial time, and designing a memory for storing
previously solved problems so as to facilitate search. The efficacy of the idea
is shown by time complexity analysis. We demonstrate the proposed approach by
executing perceptions and actions involved in DR tasks in two army
applications.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:00:46 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Banerjee",
"Bonny",
""
],
[
"Chandrasekaran",
"B.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3855
|
Michael Benisch
|
Michael Benisch, George B. Davis, Tuomas Sandholm
|
Algorithms for Closed Under Rational Behavior (CURB) Sets
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
513-534, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3070
| null |
cs.GT cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We provide a series of algorithms demonstrating that solutions according to
the fundamental game-theoretic solution concept of closed under rational
behavior (CURB) sets in two-player, normal-form games can be computed in
polynomial time (we also discuss extensions to n-player games). First, we
describe an algorithm that identifies all of a player's best responses
conditioned on the belief that the other player will play from within a given
subset of its strategy space. This algorithm serves as a subroutine in a series
of polynomial-time algorithms for finding all minimal CURB sets, one minimal
CURB set, and the smallest minimal CURB set in a game. We then show that the
complexity of finding a Nash equilibrium can be exponential only in the size of
a game's smallest CURB set. Related to this, we show that the smallest CURB set
can be an arbitrarily small portion of the game, but it can also be arbitrarily
larger than the supports of its only enclosed Nash equilibrium. We test our
algorithms empirically and find that most commonly studied academic games tend
to have either very large or very small minimal CURB sets.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:01:13 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Benisch",
"Michael",
""
],
[
"Davis",
"George B.",
""
],
[
"Sandholm",
"Tuomas",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3856
|
Georgios Chalkiadakis
|
Georgios Chalkiadakis, Edith Elkind, Evangelos Markakis, Maria
Polukarov, Nicholas Robert Jennings
|
Cooperative Games with Overlapping Coalitions
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
179-216, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3075
| null |
cs.GT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In the usual models of cooperative game theory, the outcome of a coalition
formation process is either the grand coalition or a coalition structure that
consists of disjoint coalitions. However, in many domains where coalitions are
associated with tasks, an agent may be involved in executing more than one
task, and thus may distribute his resources among several coalitions. To tackle
such scenarios, we introduce a model for cooperative games with overlapping
coalitions--or overlapping coalition formation (OCF) games. We then explore the
issue of stability in this setting. In particular, we introduce a notion of the
core, which generalizes the corresponding notion in the traditional
(non-overlapping) scenario. Then, under some quite general conditions, we
characterize the elements of the core, and show that any element of the core
maximizes the social welfare. We also introduce a concept of balancedness for
overlapping coalitional games, and use it to characterize coalition structures
that can be extended to elements of the core. Finally, we generalize the notion
of convexity to our setting, and show that under some natural assumptions
convex games have a non-empty core. Moreover, we introduce two alternative
notions of stability in OCF that allow a wider range of deviations, and explore
the relationships among the corresponding definitions of the core, as well as
the classic (non-overlapping) core and the Aubin core. We illustrate the
general properties of the three cores, and also study them from a computational
perspective, thus obtaining additional insights into their fundamental
structure.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:01:33 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Chalkiadakis",
"Georgios",
""
],
[
"Elkind",
"Edith",
""
],
[
"Markakis",
"Evangelos",
""
],
[
"Polukarov",
"Maria",
""
],
[
"Jennings",
"Nicholas Robert",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3857
|
Vadim Bulitko
|
Vadim Bulitko, Yngvi Bj\"ornsson, Ramon Lawrence
|
Case-Based Subgoaling in Real-Time Heuristic Search for Video Game
Pathfinding
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
269-300, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3076
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Real-time heuristic search algorithms satisfy a constant bound on the amount
of planning per action, independent of problem size. As a result, they scale up
well as problems become larger. This property would make them well suited for
video games where Artificial Intelligence controlled agents must react quickly
to user commands and to other agents actions. On the downside, real-time search
algorithms employ learning methods that frequently lead to poor solution
quality and cause the agent to appear irrational by re-visiting the same
problem states repeatedly. The situation changed recently with a new algorithm,
D LRTA*, which attempted to eliminate learning by automatically selecting
subgoals. D LRTA* is well poised for video games, except it has a complex and
memory-demanding pre-computation phase during which it builds a database of
subgoals. In this paper, we propose a simpler and more memory-efficient way of
pre-computing subgoals thereby eliminating the main obstacle to applying
state-of-the-art real-time search methods in video games. The new algorithm
solves a number of randomly chosen problems off-line, compresses the solutions
into a series of subgoals and stores them in a database. When presented with a
novel problem on-line, it queries the database for the most similar previously
solved case and uses its subgoals to solve the problem. In the domain of
pathfinding on four large video game maps, the new algorithm delivers solutions
eight times better while using 57 times less memory and requiring 14% less
pre-computation time.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:02:02 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Bulitko",
"Vadim",
""
],
[
"Björnsson",
"Yngvi",
""
],
[
"Lawrence",
"Ramon",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3858
|
Jos de Bruijn
|
Jos de Bruijn, Stijn Heymans
|
Logical Foundations of RDF(S) with Datatypes
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 38, pages
535-568, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3088
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a Semantic Web standard that
provides a data language, simply called RDF, as well as a lightweight ontology
language, called RDF Schema. We investigate embeddings of RDF in logic and show
how standard logic programming and description logic technology can be used for
reasoning with RDF. We subsequently consider extensions of RDF with datatype
support, considering D entailment, defined in the RDF semantics specification,
and D* entailment, a semantic weakening of D entailment, introduced by ter
Horst. We use the embeddings and properties of the logics to establish novel
upper bounds for the complexity of deciding entailment. We subsequently
establish two novel lower bounds, establishing that RDFS entailment is
PTime-complete and that simple-D entailment is coNP-hard, when considering
arbitrary datatypes, both in the size of the entailing graph. The results
indicate that RDFS may not be as lightweight as one may expect.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:02:49 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"de Bruijn",
"Jos",
""
],
[
"Heymans",
"Stijn",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3859
|
Andreas Krause
|
Andreas Krause, Eric Horvitz
|
A Utility-Theoretic Approach to Privacy in Online Services
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
633-662, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3089
| null |
cs.AI cs.CR cs.CY
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Online offerings such as web search, news portals, and e-commerce
applications face the challenge of providing high-quality service to a large,
heterogeneous user base. Recent efforts have highlighted the potential to
improve performance by introducing methods to personalize services based on
special knowledge about users and their context. For example, a users
demographics, location, and past search and browsing may be useful in enhancing
the results offered in response to web search queries. However, reasonable
concerns about privacy by both users, providers, and government agencies acting
on behalf of citizens, may limit access by services to such information. We
introduce and explore an economics of privacy in personalization, where people
can opt to share personal information, in a standing or on-demand manner, in
return for expected enhancements in the quality of an online service. We focus
on the example of web search and formulate realistic objective functions for
search efficacy and privacy. We demonstrate how we can find a provably
near-optimal optimization of the utility-privacy tradeoff in an efficient
manner. We evaluate our methodology on data drawn from a log of the search
activity of volunteer participants. We separately assess users' preferences
about privacy and utility via a large-scale survey, aimed at eliciting
preferences about peoples' willingness to trade the sharing of personal data in
returns for gains in search efficiency. We show that a significant level of
personalization can be achieved using a relatively small amount of information
about users.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:03:13 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Krause",
"Andreas",
""
],
[
"Horvitz",
"Eric",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3860
|
Tobias Lang
|
Tobias Lang, Marc Toussaint
|
Planning with Noisy Probabilistic Relational Rules
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
1-49, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3093
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Noisy probabilistic relational rules are a promising world model
representation for several reasons. They are compact and generalize over world
instantiations. They are usually interpretable and they can be learned
effectively from the action experiences in complex worlds. We investigate
reasoning with such rules in grounded relational domains. Our algorithms
exploit the compactness of rules for efficient and flexible decision-theoretic
planning. As a first approach, we combine these rules with the Upper Confidence
Bounds applied to Trees (UCT) algorithm based on look-ahead trees. Our second
approach converts these rules into a structured dynamic Bayesian network
representation and predicts the effects of action sequences using approximate
inference and beliefs over world states. We evaluate the effectiveness of our
approaches for planning in a simulated complex 3D robot manipulation scenario
with an articulated manipulator and realistic physics and in domains of the
probabilistic planning competition. Empirical results show that our methods can
solve problems where existing methods fail.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:03:40 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Lang",
"Tobias",
""
],
[
"Toussaint",
"Marc",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3861
|
Ethan Burns
|
Ethan Burns, Sofia Lemons, Wheeler Ruml, Rong Zhou
|
Best-First Heuristic Search for Multicore Machines
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
689-743, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3094
| null |
cs.AI cs.DC
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
To harness modern multicore processors, it is imperative to develop parallel
versions of fundamental algorithms. In this paper, we compare different
approaches to parallel best-first search in a shared-memory setting. We present
a new method, PBNF, that uses abstraction to partition the state space and to
detect duplicate states without requiring frequent locking. PBNF allows
speculative expansions when necessary to keep threads busy. We identify and fix
potential livelock conditions in our approach, proving its correctness using
temporal logic. Our approach is general, allowing it to extend easily to
suboptimal and anytime heuristic search. In an empirical comparison on STRIPS
planning, grid pathfinding, and sliding tile puzzle problems using 8-core
machines, we show that A*, weighted A* and Anytime weighted A* implemented
using PBNF yield faster search than improved versions of previous parallel
search proposals.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:04:02 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Burns",
"Ethan",
""
],
[
"Lemons",
"Sofia",
""
],
[
"Ruml",
"Wheeler",
""
],
[
"Zhou",
"Rong",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3862
|
Yonghong Wang
|
Yonghong Wang, Chung-Wei Hang, Munindar P. Singh
|
A Probabilistic Approach for Maintaining Trust Based on Evidence
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
221-267, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3108
| null |
cs.MA
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Leading agent-based trust models address two important needs. First, they
show how an agent may estimate the trustworthiness of another agent based on
prior interactions. Second, they show how agents may share their knowledge in
order to cooperatively assess the trustworthiness of others. However, in
real-life settings, information relevant to trust is usually obtained
piecemeal, not all at once. Unfortunately, the problem of maintaining trust has
drawn little attention. Existing approaches handle trust updates in a
heuristic, not a principled, manner. This paper builds on a formal model that
considers probability and certainty as two dimensions of trust. It proposes a
mechanism using which an agent can update the amount of trust it places in
other agents on an ongoing basis. This paper shows via simulation that the
proposed approach (a) provides accurate estimates of the trustworthiness of
agents that change behavior frequently; and (b) captures the dynamic behavior
of the agents. This paper includes an evaluation based on a real dataset drawn
from Amazon Marketplace, a leading e-commerce site.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:04:29 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Wang",
"Yonghong",
""
],
[
"Hang",
"Chung-Wei",
""
],
[
"Singh",
"Munindar P.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3863
|
Gerold J\"ager
|
Gerold J\"ager, Weixiong Zhang
|
An Effective Algorithm for and Phase Transitions of the Directed
Hamiltonian Cycle Problem
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 39, pages
663-687, 2010
|
10.1613/jair.3109
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The Hamiltonian cycle problem (HCP) is an important combinatorial problem
with applications in many areas. It is among the first problems used for
studying intrinsic properties, including phase transitions, of combinatorial
problems. While thorough theoretical and experimental analyses have been made
on the HCP in undirected graphs, a limited amount of work has been done for the
HCP in directed graphs (DHCP). The main contribution of this work is an
effective algorithm for the DHCP. Our algorithm explores and exploits the close
relationship between the DHCP and the Assignment Problem (AP) and utilizes a
technique based on Boolean satisfiability (SAT). By combining effective
algorithms for the AP and SAT, our algorithm significantly outperforms previous
exact DHCP algorithms, including an algorithm based on the award-winning
Concorde TSP algorithm. The second result of the current study is an
experimental analysis of phase transitions of the DHCP, verifying and refining
a known phase transition of the DHCP.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:04:57 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Jäger",
"Gerold",
""
],
[
"Zhang",
"Weixiong",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3864
|
Yi Zhou
|
Yi Zhou, Yan Zhang
|
A Logical Study of Partial Entailment
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
25-56, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3117
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We introduce a novel logical notion--partial entailment--to propositional
logic. In contrast with classical entailment, that a formula P partially
entails another formula Q with respect to a background formula set \Gamma
intuitively means that under the circumstance of \Gamma, if P is true then some
"part" of Q will also be true. We distinguish three different kinds of partial
entailments and formalize them by using an extended notion of prime implicant.
We study their semantic properties, which show that, surprisingly, partial
entailments fail for many simple inference rules. Then, we study the related
computational properties, which indicate that partial entailments are
relatively difficult to be computed. Finally, we consider a potential
application of partial entailments in reasoning about rational agents.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:05:21 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Zhou",
"Yi",
""
],
[
"Zhang",
"Yan",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3865
|
Xavier Tannier
|
Xavier Tannier, Philippe Muller
|
Evaluating Temporal Graphs Built from Texts via Transitive Reduction
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
375-413, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3118
| null |
cs.CL cs.IR
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Temporal information has been the focus of recent attention in information
extraction, leading to some standardization effort, in particular for the task
of relating events in a text. This task raises the problem of comparing two
annotations of a given text, because relations between events in a story are
intrinsically interdependent and cannot be evaluated separately. A proper
evaluation measure is also crucial in the context of a machine learning
approach to the problem. Finding a common comparison referent at the text level
is not obvious, and we argue here in favor of a shift from event-based measures
to measures on a unique textual object, a minimal underlying temporal graph, or
more formally the transitive reduction of the graph of relations between event
boundaries. We support it by an investigation of its properties on synthetic
data and on a well-know temporal corpus.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:05:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Tannier",
"Xavier",
""
],
[
"Muller",
"Philippe",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3866
|
Christian Geist
|
Christian Geist, Ulle Endriss
|
Automated Search for Impossibility Theorems in Social Choice Theory:
Ranking Sets of Objects
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
143-174, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3126
| null |
cs.AI cs.LO cs.MA
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We present a method for using standard techniques from satisfiability
checking to automatically verify and discover theorems in an area of economic
theory known as ranking sets of objects. The key question in this area, which
has important applications in social choice theory and decision making under
uncertainty, is how to extend an agents preferences over a number of objects to
a preference relation over nonempty sets of such objects. Certain combinations
of seemingly natural principles for this kind of preference extension can
result in logical inconsistencies, which has led to a number of important
impossibility theorems. We first prove a general result that shows that for a
wide range of such principles, characterised by their syntactic form when
expressed in a many-sorted first-order logic, any impossibility exhibited at a
fixed (small) domain size will necessarily extend to the general case. We then
show how to formulate candidates for impossibility theorems at a fixed domain
size in propositional logic, which in turn enables us to automatically search
for (general) impossibility theorems using a SAT solver. When applied to a
space of 20 principles for preference extension familiar from the literature,
this method yields a total of 84 impossibility theorems, including both known
and nontrivial new results.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:06:28 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Geist",
"Christian",
""
],
[
"Endriss",
"Ulle",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3867
|
Aaron Hunter
|
Aaron Hunter, James P. Delgrande
|
Iterated Belief Change Due to Actions and Observations
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
269-304, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3132
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In action domains where agents may have erroneous beliefs, reasoning about
the effects of actions involves reasoning about belief change. In this paper,
we use a transition system approach to reason about the evolution of an agents
beliefs as actions are executed. Some actions cause an agent to perform belief
revision while others cause an agent to perform belief update, but the
interaction between revision and update can be non-elementary. We present a set
of rationality properties describing the interaction between revision and
update, and we introduce a new class of belief change operators for reasoning
about alternating sequences of revisions and updates. Our belief change
operators can be characterized in terms of a natural shifting operation on
total pre-orderings over interpretations. We compare our approach with related
work on iterated belief change due to action, and we conclude with some
directions for future research.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:06:49 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Hunter",
"Aaron",
""
],
[
"Delgrande",
"James P.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3868
|
Albert Atserias
|
Albert Atserias, Johannes Klaus Fichte, Marc Thurley
|
Clause-Learning Algorithms with Many Restarts and Bounded-Width
Resolution
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
353-373, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3152
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We offer a new understanding of some aspects of practical SAT-solvers that
are based on DPLL with unit-clause propagation, clause-learning, and restarts.
We do so by analyzing a concrete algorithm which we claim is faithful to what
practical solvers do. In particular, before making any new decision or restart,
the solver repeatedly applies the unit-resolution rule until saturation, and
leaves no component to the mercy of non-determinism except for some internal
randomness. We prove the perhaps surprising fact that, although the solver is
not explicitly designed for it, with high probability it ends up behaving as
width-k resolution after no more than O(n^2k+2) conflicts and restarts, where n
is the number of variables. In other words, width-k resolution can be thought
of as O(n^2k+2) restarts of the unit-resolution rule with learning.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:07:08 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Atserias",
"Albert",
""
],
[
"Fichte",
"Johannes Klaus",
""
],
[
"Thurley",
"Marc",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3869
|
Haris Aziz
|
Haris Aziz, Yoram Bachrach, Edith Elkind, Mike Paterson
|
False-Name Manipulations in Weighted Voting Games
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
57-93, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3166
| null |
cs.GT cs.MA
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Weighted voting is a classic model of cooperation among agents in
decision-making domains. In such games, each player has a weight, and a
coalition of players wins the game if its total weight meets or exceeds a given
quota. A players power in such games is usually not directly proportional to
his weight, and is measured by a power index, the most prominent among which
are the Shapley-Shubik index and the Banzhaf index.In this paper, we
investigate by how much a player can change his power, as measured by the
Shapley-Shubik index or the Banzhaf index, by means of a false-name
manipulation, i.e., splitting his weight among two or more identities. For both
indices, we provide upper and lower bounds on the effect of weight-splitting.
We then show that checking whether a beneficial split exists is NP-hard, and
discuss efficient algorithms for restricted cases of this problem, as well as
randomized algorithms for the general case. We also provide an experimental
evaluation of these algorithms. Finally, we examine related forms of
manipulative behavior, such as annexation, where a player subsumes other
players, or merging, where several players unite into one. We characterize the
computational complexity of such manipulations and provide limits on their
effects. For the Banzhaf index, we describe a new paradox, which we term the
Annexation Non-monotonicity Paradox.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:07:29 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Aziz",
"Haris",
""
],
[
"Bachrach",
"Yoram",
""
],
[
"Elkind",
"Edith",
""
],
[
"Paterson",
"Mike",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3870
|
Erik Talvitie
|
Erik Talvitie, Satinder Singh
|
Learning to Make Predictions In Partially Observable Environments
Without a Generative Model
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
353-392, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3396
| null |
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
When faced with the problem of learning a model of a high-dimensional
environment, a common approach is to limit the model to make only a restricted
set of predictions, thereby simplifying the learning problem. These partial
models may be directly useful for making decisions or may be combined together
to form a more complete, structured model. However, in partially observable
(non-Markov) environments, standard model-learning methods learn generative
models, i.e. models that provide a probability distribution over all possible
futures (such as POMDPs). It is not straightforward to restrict such models to
make only certain predictions, and doing so does not always simplify the
learning problem. In this paper we present prediction profile models:
non-generative partial models for partially observable systems that make only a
given set of predictions, and are therefore far simpler than generative models
in some cases. We formalize the problem of learning a prediction profile model
as a transformation of the original model-learning problem, and show
empirically that one can learn prediction profile models that make a small set
of important predictions even in systems that are too complex for standard
generative models.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:08:29 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Talvitie",
"Erik",
""
],
[
"Singh",
"Satinder",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3871
|
Mahdi Milani Fard
|
Mahdi Milani Fard, Joelle Pineau
|
Non-Deterministic Policies in Markovian Decision Processes
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
1-24, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3175
| null |
cs.AI cs.LG
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Markovian processes have long been used to model stochastic environments.
Reinforcement learning has emerged as a framework to solve sequential planning
and decision-making problems in such environments. In recent years, attempts
were made to apply methods from reinforcement learning to construct decision
support systems for action selection in Markovian environments. Although
conventional methods in reinforcement learning have proved to be useful in
problems concerning sequential decision-making, they cannot be applied in their
current form to decision support systems, such as those in medical domains, as
they suggest policies that are often highly prescriptive and leave little room
for the users input. Without the ability to provide flexible guidelines, it is
unlikely that these methods can gain ground with users of such systems. This
paper introduces the new concept of non-deterministic policies to allow more
flexibility in the users decision-making process, while constraining decisions
to remain near optimal solutions. We provide two algorithms to compute
non-deterministic policies in discrete domains. We study the output and running
time of these method on a set of synthetic and real-world problems. In an
experiment with human subjects, we show that humans assisted by hints based on
non-deterministic policies outperform both human-only and computer-only agents
in a web navigation task.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:09:10 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Fard",
"Mahdi Milani",
""
],
[
"Pineau",
"Joelle",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3872
|
Christophe Lecoutre
|
Christophe Lecoutre, Stephane Cardon, Julien Vion
|
Second-Order Consistencies
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
175-219, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3180
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In this paper, we propose a comprehensive study of second-order consistencies
(i.e., consistencies identifying inconsistent pairs of values) for constraint
satisfaction. We build a full picture of the relationships existing between
four basic second-order consistencies, namely path consistency (PC),
3-consistency (3C), dual consistency (DC) and 2-singleton arc consistency
(2SAC), as well as their conservative and strong variants. Interestingly, dual
consistency is an original property that can be established by using the
outcome of the enforcement of generalized arc consistency (GAC), which makes it
rather easy to obtain since constraint solvers typically maintain GAC during
search. On binary constraint networks, DC is equivalent to PC, but its
restriction to existing constraints, called conservative dual consistency
(CDC), is strictly stronger than traditional conservative consistencies derived
from path consistency, namely partial path consistency (PPC) and conservative
path consistency (CPC). After introducing a general algorithm to enforce strong
(C)DC, we present the results of an experimentation over a wide range of
benchmarks that demonstrate the interest of (conservative) dual consistency. In
particular, we show that enforcing (C)DC before search clearly improves the
performance of MAC (the algorithm that maintains GAC during search) on several
binary and non-binary structured problems.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:09:30 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Lecoutre",
"Christophe",
""
],
[
"Cardon",
"Stephane",
""
],
[
"Vion",
"Julien",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3874
|
Fei Wu
|
Fei Wu, Jayant Madhavan, Alon Halevy
|
Identifying Aspects for Web-Search Queries
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
677-700, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3182
| null |
cs.IR cs.DB
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Many web-search queries serve as the beginning of an exploration of an
unknown space of information, rather than looking for a specific web page. To
answer such queries effec- tively, the search engine should attempt to organize
the space of relevant information in a way that facilitates exploration. We
describe the Aspector system that computes aspects for a given query. Each
aspect is a set of search queries that together represent a distinct
information need relevant to the original search query. To serve as an
effective means to explore the space, Aspector computes aspects that are
orthogonal to each other and to have high combined coverage. Aspector combines
two sources of information to compute aspects. We discover candidate aspects by
analyzing query logs, and cluster them to eliminate redundancies. We then use a
mass-collaboration knowledge base (e.g., Wikipedia) to compute candidate
aspects for queries that occur less frequently and to group together aspects
that are likely to be "semantically" related. We present a user study that
indicates that the aspects we compute are rated favorably against three
competing alternatives -related searches proposed by Google, cluster labels
assigned by the Clusty search engine, and navigational searches proposed by
Bing.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:09:56 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Wu",
"Fei",
""
],
[
"Madhavan",
"Jayant",
""
],
[
"Halevy",
"Alon",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3875
|
Wheeler Ruml
|
Wheeler Ruml, Minh Binh Do, Rong Zhou, Markus P.J. Fromherz
|
On-line Planning and Scheduling: An Application to Controlling Modular
Printers
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
415-468, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3184
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We present a case study of artificial intelligence techniques applied to the
control of production printing equipment. Like many other real-world
applications, this complex domain requires high-speed autonomous
decision-making and robust continual operation. To our knowledge, this work
represents the first successful industrial application of embedded
domain-independent temporal planning. Our system handles execution failures and
multi-objective preferences. At its heart is an on-line algorithm that combines
techniques from state-space planning and partial-order scheduling. We suggest
that this general architecture may prove useful in other applications as more
intelligent systems operate in continual, on-line settings. Our system has been
used to drive several commercial prototypes and has enabled a new product
architecture for our industrial partner. When compared with state-of-the-art
off-line planners, our system is hundreds of times faster and often finds
better plans. Our experience demonstrates that domain-independent AI planning
based on heuristic search can flexibly handle time, resources, replanning, and
multiple objectives in a high-speed practical application without requiring
hand-coded control knowledge.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:10:17 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Ruml",
"Wheeler",
""
],
[
"Do",
"Minh Binh",
""
],
[
"Zhou",
"Rong",
""
],
[
"Fromherz",
"Markus P. J.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3876
|
Lirong Xia
|
Lirong Xia, Vincent Conitzer
|
Determining Possible and Necessary Winners Given Partial Orders
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
25-67, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3186
| null |
cs.GT cs.MA
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Usually a voting rule requires agents to give their preferences as linear
orders. However, in some cases it is impractical for an agent to give a linear
order over all the alternatives. It has been suggested to let agents submit
partial orders instead. Then, given a voting rule, a profile of partial orders,
and an alternative (candidate) c, two important questions arise: first, is it
still possible for c to win, and second, is c guaranteed to win? These are the
possible winner and necessary winner problems, respectively. Each of these two
problems is further divided into two sub-problems: determining whether c is a
unique winner (that is, c is the only winner), or determining whether c is a
co-winner (that is, c is in the set of winners). We consider the setting where
the number of alternatives is unbounded and the votes are unweighted. We
completely characterize the complexity of possible/necessary winner problems
for the following common voting rules: a class of positional scoring rules
(including Borda), Copeland, maximin, Bucklin, ranked pairs, voting trees, and
plurality with runoff.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:10:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Xia",
"Lirong",
""
],
[
"Conitzer",
"Vincent",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3877
|
Botond Cseke
|
Botond Cseke, Tom Heskes
|
Properties of Bethe Free Energies and Message Passing in Gaussian Models
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
1-24, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3195
| null |
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We address the problem of computing approximate marginals in Gaussian
probabilistic models by using mean field and fractional Bethe approximations.
We define the Gaussian fractional Bethe free energy in terms of the moment
parameters of the approximate marginals, derive a lower and an upper bound on
the fractional Bethe free energy and establish a necessary condition for the
lower bound to be bounded from below. It turns out that the condition is
identical to the pairwise normalizability condition, which is known to be a
sufficient condition for the convergence of the message passing algorithm. We
show that stable fixed points of the Gaussian message passing algorithm are
local minima of the Gaussian Bethe free energy. By a counterexample, we
disprove the conjecture stating that the unboundedness of the free energy
implies the divergence of the message passing algorithm.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:11:12 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Cseke",
"Botond",
""
],
[
"Heskes",
"Tom",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3878
|
Alessandro Cimatti
|
Alessandro Cimatti, Alberto Griggio, Roberto Sebastiani
|
Computing Small Unsatisfiable Cores in Satisfiability Modulo Theories
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
701-728, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3196
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The problem of finding small unsatisfiable cores for SAT formulas has
recently received a lot of interest, mostly for its applications in formal
verification. However, propositional logic is often not expressive enough for
representing many interesting verification problems, which can be more
naturally addressed in the framework of Satisfiability Modulo Theories, SMT.
Surprisingly, the problem of finding unsatisfiable cores in SMT has received
very little attention in the literature. In this paper we present a novel
approach to this problem, called the Lemma-Lifting approach. The main idea is
to combine an SMT solver with an external propositional core extractor. The SMT
solver produces the theory lemmas found during the search, dynamically lifting
the suitable amount of theory information to the Boolean level. The core
extractor is then called on the Boolean abstraction of the original SMT problem
and of the theory lemmas. This results in an unsatisfiable core for the
original SMT problem, once the remaining theory lemmas are removed. The
approach is conceptually interesting, and has several advantages in practice.
In fact, it is extremely simple to implement and to update, and it can be
interfaced with every propositional core extractor in a plug-and-play manner,
so as to benefit for free of all unsat-core reduction techniques which have
been or will be made available.
We have evaluated our algorithm with a very extensive empirical test on
SMT-LIB benchmarks, which confirms the validity and potential of this approach.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:11:40 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Cimatti",
"Alessandro",
""
],
[
"Griggio",
"Alberto",
""
],
[
"Sebastiani",
"Roberto",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3879
|
Emmanuel Hebrard
|
Emmanuel Hebrard, D\'aniel Marx, Barry O'Sullivan, Igor Razgon
|
Soft Constraints of Difference and Equality
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
97-130, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3197
| null |
cs.AI cs.DS
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In many combinatorial problems one may need to model the diversity or
similarity of assignments in a solution. For example, one may wish to maximise
or minimise the number of distinct values in a solution. To formulate problems
of this type, we can use soft variants of the well known AllDifferent and
AllEqual constraints. We present a taxonomy of six soft global constraints,
generated by combining the two latter ones and the two standard cost functions,
which are either maximised or minimised. We characterise the complexity of
achieving arc and bounds consistency on these constraints, resolving those
cases for which NP-hardness was neither proven nor disproven. In particular, we
explore in depth the constraint ensuring that at least k pairs of variables
have a common value. We show that achieving arc consistency is NP-hard, however
achieving bounds consistency can be done in polynomial time through dynamic
programming. Moreover, we show that the maximum number of pairs of equal
variables can be approximated by a factor 1/2 with a linear time greedy
algorithm. Finally, we provide a fixed parameter tractable algorithm with
respect to the number of values appearing in more than two distinct domains.
Interestingly, this taxonomy shows that enforcing equality is harder than
enforcing difference.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:11:58 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Hebrard",
"Emmanuel",
""
],
[
"Marx",
"Dániel",
""
],
[
"O'Sullivan",
"Barry",
""
],
[
"Razgon",
"Igor",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3880
|
Harris Papadopoulos
|
Harris Papadopoulos, Vladimir Vovk, Alex Gammerman
|
Regression Conformal Prediction with Nearest Neighbours
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
815-840, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3198
| null |
cs.LG
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In this paper we apply Conformal Prediction (CP) to the k-Nearest Neighbours
Regression (k-NNR) algorithm and propose ways of extending the typical
nonconformity measure used for regression so far. Unlike traditional regression
methods which produce point predictions, Conformal Predictors output predictive
regions that satisfy a given confidence level. The regions produced by any
Conformal Predictor are automatically valid, however their tightness and
therefore usefulness depends on the nonconformity measure used by each CP. In
effect a nonconformity measure evaluates how strange a given example is
compared to a set of other examples based on some traditional machine learning
algorithm. We define six novel nonconformity measures based on the k-Nearest
Neighbours Regression algorithm and develop the corresponding CPs following
both the original (transductive) and the inductive CP approaches. A comparison
of the predictive regions produced by our measures with those of the typical
regression measure suggests that a major improvement in terms of predictive
region tightness is achieved by the new measures.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:12:21 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Papadopoulos",
"Harris",
""
],
[
"Vovk",
"Vladimir",
""
],
[
"Gammerman",
"Alex",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3881
|
Mustafa Bilgic
|
Mustafa Bilgic, Lise Getoor
|
Value of Information Lattice: Exploiting Probabilistic Independence for
Effective Feature Subset Acquisition
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
69-95, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3200
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We address the cost-sensitive feature acquisition problem, where
misclassifying an instance is costly but the expected misclassification cost
can be reduced by acquiring the values of the missing features. Because
acquiring the features is costly as well, the objective is to acquire the right
set of features so that the sum of the feature acquisition cost and
misclassification cost is minimized. We describe the Value of Information
Lattice (VOILA), an optimal and efficient feature subset acquisition framework.
Unlike the common practice, which is to acquire features greedily, VOILA can
reason with subsets of features. VOILA efficiently searches the space of
possible feature subsets by discovering and exploiting conditional independence
properties between the features and it reuses probabilistic inference
computations to further speed up the process. Through empirical evaluation on
five medical datasets, we show that the greedy strategy is often reluctant to
acquire features, as it cannot forecast the benefit of acquiring multiple
features in combination.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:12:42 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Bilgic",
"Mustafa",
""
],
[
"Getoor",
"Lise",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3882
|
Saket Joshi
|
Saket Joshi, Roni Khardon
|
Probabilistic Relational Planning with First Order Decision Diagrams
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
231-266, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3205
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Dynamic programming algorithms have been successfully applied to
propositional stochastic planning problems by using compact representations, in
particular algebraic decision diagrams, to capture domain dynamics and value
functions. Work on symbolic dynamic programming lifted these ideas to first
order logic using several representation schemes. Recent work introduced a
first order variant of decision diagrams (FODD) and developed a value iteration
algorithm for this representation. This paper develops several improvements to
the FODD algorithm that make the approach practical. These include, new
reduction operators that decrease the size of the representation, several
speedup techniques, and techniques for value approximation. Incorporating
these, the paper presents a planning system, FODD-Planner, for solving
relational stochastic planning problems. The system is evaluated on several
domains, including problems from the recent international planning competition,
and shows competitive performance with top ranking systems. This is the first
demonstration of feasibility of this approach and it shows that abstraction
through compact representation is a promising approach to stochastic planning.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:13:02 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Joshi",
"Saket",
""
],
[
"Khardon",
"Roni",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3883
|
Anna Khudyak Kozorovitsky
|
Anna Khudyak Kozorovitsky, Oren Kurland
|
From "Identical" to "Similar": Fusing Retrieved Lists Based on
Inter-Document Similarities
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
267-296, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3214
| null |
cs.IR
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Methods for fusing document lists that were retrieved in response to a query
often utilize the retrieval scores and/or ranks of documents in the lists. We
present a novel fusion approach that is based on using, in addition,
information induced from inter-document similarities. Specifically, our methods
let similar documents from different lists provide relevance-status support to
each other. We use a graph-based method to model relevance-status propagation
between documents. The propagation is governed by inter-document-similarities
and by retrieval scores of documents in the lists. Empirical evaluation
demonstrates the effectiveness of our methods in fusing TREC runs. The
performance of our most effective methods transcends that of effective fusion
methods that utilize only retrieval scores or ranks.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:13:26 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Kozorovitsky",
"Anna Khudyak",
""
],
[
"Kurland",
"Oren",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3884
|
Sujit Gujar
|
Sujit Gujar, Yadati Narahari
|
Redistribution Mechanisms for Assignment of Heterogeneous Objects
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
131-154, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3225
| null |
cs.GT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
There are p heterogeneous objects to be assigned to n competing agents (n >
p) each with unit demand. It is required to design a Groves mechanism for this
assignment problem satisfying weak budget balance, individual rationality, and
minimizing the budget imbalance. This calls for designing an appropriate rebate
function. When the objects are identical, this problem has been solved which we
refer as WCO mechanism. We measure the performance of such mechanisms by the
redistribution index. We first prove an impossibility theorem which rules out
linear rebate functions with non-zero redistribution index in heterogeneous
object assignment. Motivated by this theorem, we explore two approaches to get
around this impossibility. In the first approach, we show that linear rebate
functions with non-zero redistribution index are possible when the valuations
for the objects have a certain type of relationship and we design a mechanism
with linear rebate function that is worst case optimal. In the second approach,
we show that rebate functions with non-zero efficiency are possible if
linearity is relaxed. We extend the rebate functions of the WCO mechanism to
heterogeneous objects assignment and conjecture them to be worst case optimal.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:13:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Gujar",
"Sujit",
""
],
[
"Narahari",
"Yadati",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3885
|
Tomas De la Rosa
|
Tomas De la Rosa, Sergio Jimenez, Raquel Fuentetaja, Daniel Borrajo
|
Scaling up Heuristic Planning with Relational Decision Trees
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
767-813, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3231
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Current evaluation functions for heuristic planning are expensive to compute.
In numerous planning problems these functions provide good guidance to the
solution, so they are worth the expense. However, when evaluation functions are
misguiding or when planning problems are large enough, lots of node evaluations
must be computed, which severely limits the scalability of heuristic planners.
In this paper, we present a novel solution for reducing node evaluations in
heuristic planning based on machine learning. Particularly, we define the task
of learning search control for heuristic planning as a relational
classification task, and we use an off-the-shelf relational classification tool
to address this learning task. Our relational classification task captures the
preferred action to select in the different planning contexts of a specific
planning domain. These planning contexts are defined by the set of helpful
actions of the current state, the goals remaining to be achieved, and the
static predicates of the planning task. This paper shows two methods for
guiding the search of a heuristic planner with the learned classifiers. The
first one consists of using the resulting classifier as an action policy. The
second one consists of applying the classifier to generate lookahead states
within a Best First Search algorithm. Experiments over a variety of domains
reveal that our heuristic planner using the learned classifiers solves larger
problems than state-of-the-art planners.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:14:42 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"De la Rosa",
"Tomas",
""
],
[
"Jimenez",
"Sergio",
""
],
[
"Fuentetaja",
"Raquel",
""
],
[
"Borrajo",
"Daniel",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3886
|
Wei Li
|
Wei Li, Pascal Poupart, Peter van Beek
|
Exploiting Structure in Weighted Model Counting Approaches to
Probabilistic Inference
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
729-765, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3232
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Previous studies have demonstrated that encoding a Bayesian network into a
SAT formula and then performing weighted model counting using a backtracking
search algorithm can be an effective method for exact inference. In this paper,
we present techniques for improving this approach for Bayesian networks with
noisy-OR and noisy-MAX relations---two relations that are widely used in
practice as they can dramatically reduce the number of probabilities one needs
to specify. In particular, we present two SAT encodings for noisy-OR and two
encodings for noisy-MAX that exploit the structure or semantics of the
relations to improve both time and space efficiency, and we prove the
correctness of the encodings. We experimentally evaluated our techniques on
large-scale real and randomly generated Bayesian networks. On these benchmarks,
our techniques gave speedups of up to two orders of magnitude over the best
previous approaches for networks with noisy-OR/MAX relations and scaled up to
larger networks. As well, our techniques extend the weighted model counting
approach for exact inference to networks that were previously intractable for
the approach.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:15:08 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Li",
"Wei",
""
],
[
"Poupart",
"Pascal",
""
],
[
"van Beek",
"Peter",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3887
|
Lucas Bordeaux
|
Lucas Bordeaux, George Katsirelos, Nina Narodytska, Moshe Y. Vardi
|
The Complexity of Integer Bound Propagation
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
657-676, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3248
| null |
cs.AI cs.LO
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Bound propagation is an important Artificial Intelligence technique used in
Constraint Programming tools to deal with numerical constraints. It is
typically embedded within a search procedure ("branch and prune") and used at
every node of the search tree to narrow down the search space, so it is
critical that it be fast. The procedure invokes constraint propagators until a
common fixpoint is reached, but the known algorithms for this have a
pseudo-polynomial worst-case time complexity: they are fast indeed when the
variables have a small numerical range, but they have the well-known problem of
being prohibitively slow when these ranges are large. An important question is
therefore whether strongly-polynomial algorithms exist that compute the common
bound consistent fixpoint of a set of constraints. This paper answers this
question. In particular we show that this fixpoint computation is in fact
NP-complete, even when restricted to binary linear constraints.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:15:30 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Bordeaux",
"Lucas",
""
],
[
"Katsirelos",
"George",
""
],
[
"Narodytska",
"Nina",
""
],
[
"Vardi",
"Moshe Y.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3888
|
Dmytro Korzhyk
|
Dmytro Korzhyk, Zhengyu Yin, Christopher Kiekintveld, Vincent
Conitzer, Milind Tambe
|
Stackelberg vs. Nash in Security Games: An Extended Investigation of
Interchangeability, Equivalence, and Uniqueness
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
297-327, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3269
| null |
cs.GT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
There has been significant recent interest in game-theoretic approaches to
security, with much of the recent research focused on utilizing the
leader-follower Stackelberg game model. Among the major applications are the
ARMOR program deployed at LAX Airport and the IRIS program in use by the US
Federal Air Marshals (FAMS). The foundational assumption for using Stackelberg
games is that security forces (leaders), acting first, commit to a randomized
strategy; while their adversaries (followers) choose their best response after
surveillance of this randomized strategy. Yet, in many situations, a leader may
face uncertainty about the follower's surveillance capability. Previous work
fails to address how a leader should compute her strategy given such
uncertainty. We provide five contributions in the context of a general class of
security games. First, we show that the Nash equilibria in security games are
interchangeable, thus alleviating the equilibrium selection problem. Second,
under a natural restriction on security games, any Stackelberg strategy is also
a Nash equilibrium strategy; and furthermore, the solution is unique in a class
of security games of which ARMOR is a key exemplar. Third, when faced with a
follower that can attack multiple targets, many of these properties no longer
hold. Fourth, we show experimentally that in most (but not all) games where the
restriction does not hold, the Stackelberg strategy is still a Nash equilibrium
strategy, but this is no longer true when the attacker can attack multiple
targets. Finally, as a possible direction for future research, we propose an
extensive-form game model that makes the defender's uncertainty about the
attacker's ability to observe explicit.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:15:53 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Korzhyk",
"Dmytro",
""
],
[
"Yin",
"Zhengyu",
""
],
[
"Kiekintveld",
"Christopher",
""
],
[
"Conitzer",
"Vincent",
""
],
[
"Tambe",
"Milind",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3890
|
Joerg Hoffmann
|
Joerg Hoffmann
|
Analyzing Search Topology Without Running Any Search: On the Connection
Between Causal Graphs and h+
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
155-229, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3276
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The ignoring delete lists relaxation is of paramount importance for both
satisficing and optimal planning. In earlier work, it was observed that the
optimal relaxation heuristic h+ has amazing qualities in many classical
planning benchmarks, in particular pertaining to the complete absence of local
minima. The proofs of this are hand-made, raising the question whether such
proofs can be lead automatically by domain analysis techniques. In contrast to
earlier disappointing results -- the analysis method has exponential runtime
and succeeds only in two extremely simple benchmark domains -- we herein answer
this question in the affirmative. We establish connections between causal graph
structure and h+ topology. This results in low-order polynomial time analysis
methods, implemented in a tool we call TorchLight. Of the 12 domains where the
absence of local minima has been proved, TorchLight gives strong success
guarantees in 8 domains. Empirically, its analysis exhibits strong performance
in a further 2 of these domains, plus in 4 more domains where local minima may
exist but are rare. In this way, TorchLight can distinguish easy domains from
hard ones. By summarizing structural reasons for analysis failure, TorchLight
also provides diagnostic output indicating domain aspects that may cause local
minima.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:16:17 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Hoffmann",
"Joerg",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3892
|
Sajjad Ahmed Siddiqi
|
Sajjad Ahmed Siddiqi, Jinbo Huang
|
Sequential Diagnosis by Abstraction
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
329-365, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3296
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
When a system behaves abnormally, sequential diagnosis takes a sequence of
measurements of the system until the faults causing the abnormality are
identified, and the goal is to reduce the diagnostic cost, defined here as the
number of measurements. To propose measurement points, previous work employs a
heuristic based on reducing the entropy over a computed set of diagnoses. This
approach generally has good performance in terms of diagnostic cost, but can
fail to diagnose large systems when the set of diagnoses is too large. Focusing
on a smaller set of probable diagnoses scales the approach but generally leads
to increased average diagnostic costs. In this paper, we propose a new
diagnostic framework employing four new techniques, which scales to much larger
systems with good performance in terms of diagnostic cost. First, we propose a
new heuristic for measurement point selection that can be computed efficiently,
without requiring the set of diagnoses, once the system is modeled as a
Bayesian network and compiled into a logical form known as d-DNNF. Second, we
extend hierarchical diagnosis, a technique based on system abstraction from our
previous work, to handle probabilities so that it can be applied to sequential
diagnosis to allow larger systems to be diagnosed. Third, for the largest
systems where even hierarchical diagnosis fails, we propose a novel method that
converts the system into one that has a smaller abstraction and whose diagnoses
form a superset of those of the original system; the new system can then be
diagnosed and the result mapped back to the original system. Finally, we
propose a novel cost estimation function which can be used to choose an
abstraction of the system that is more likely to provide optimal average cost.
Experiments with ISCAS-85 benchmark circuits indicate that our approach scales
to all circuits in the suite except one that has a flat structure not
susceptible to useful abstraction.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:16:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Siddiqi",
"Sajjad Ahmed",
""
],
[
"Huang",
"Jinbo",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3893
|
Changhe Yuan
|
Changhe Yuan, Heejin Lim, Tsai-Ching Lu
|
Most Relevant Explanation in Bayesian Networks
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
309-352, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3301
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
A major inference task in Bayesian networks is explaining why some variables
are observed in their particular states using a set of target variables.
Existing methods for solving this problem often generate explanations that are
either too simple (underspecified) or too complex (overspecified). In this
paper, we introduce a method called Most Relevant Explanation (MRE) which finds
a partial instantiation of the target variables that maximizes the generalized
Bayes factor (GBF) as the best explanation for the given evidence. Our study
shows that GBF has several theoretical properties that enable MRE to
automatically identify the most relevant target variables in forming its
explanation. In particular, conditional Bayes factor (CBF), defined as the GBF
of a new explanation conditioned on an existing explanation, provides a soft
measure on the degree of relevance of the variables in the new explanation in
explaining the evidence given the existing explanation. As a result, MRE is
able to automatically prune less relevant variables from its explanation. We
also show that CBF is able to capture well the explaining-away phenomenon that
is often represented in Bayesian networks. Moreover, we define two dominance
relations between the candidate solutions and use the relations to generalize
MRE to find a set of top explanations that is both diverse and representative.
Case studies on several benchmark diagnostic Bayesian networks show that MRE is
often able to find explanatory hypotheses that are not only precise but also
concise.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:17:05 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Yuan",
"Changhe",
""
],
[
"Lim",
"Heejin",
""
],
[
"Lu",
"Tsai-Ching",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3894
|
Andr\'as Gy\"orgy
|
Andr\'as Gy\"orgy, Levente Kocsis
|
Efficient Multi-Start Strategies for Local Search Algorithms
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
407-444, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3313
| null |
cs.LG cs.AI stat.ML
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Local search algorithms applied to optimization problems often suffer from
getting trapped in a local optimum. The common solution for this deficiency is
to restart the algorithm when no progress is observed. Alternatively, one can
start multiple instances of a local search algorithm, and allocate
computational resources (in particular, processing time) to the instances
depending on their behavior. Hence, a multi-start strategy has to decide
(dynamically) when to allocate additional resources to a particular instance
and when to start new instances. In this paper we propose multi-start
strategies motivated by works on multi-armed bandit problems and Lipschitz
optimization with an unknown constant. The strategies continuously estimate the
potential performance of each algorithm instance by supposing a convergence
rate of the local search algorithm up to an unknown constant, and in every
phase allocate resources to those instances that could converge to the optimum
for a particular range of the constant. Asymptotic bounds are given on the
performance of the strategies. In particular, we prove that at most a quadratic
increase in the number of times the target function is evaluated is needed to
achieve the performance of a local search algorithm started from the attraction
region of the optimum. Experiments are provided using SPSA (Simultaneous
Perturbation Stochastic Approximation) and k-means as local search algorithms,
and the results indicate that the proposed strategies work well in practice,
and, in all cases studied, need only logarithmically more evaluations of the
target function as opposed to the theoretically suggested quadratic increase.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:17:32 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"György",
"András",
""
],
[
"Kocsis",
"Levente",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3895
|
Wolfgang Dvorak
|
Wolfgang Dvorak, Stefan Woltran
|
On the Intertranslatability of Argumentation Semantics
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
445-475, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3318
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Translations between different nonmonotonic formalisms always have been an
important topic in the field, in particular to understand the
knowledge-representation capabilities those formalisms offer. We provide such
an investigation in terms of different semantics proposed for abstract
argumentation frameworks, a nonmonotonic yet simple formalism which received
increasing interest within the last decade. Although the properties of these
different semantics are nowadays well understood, there are no explicit results
about intertranslatability. We provide such translations wrt. different
properties and also give a few novel complexity results which underlie some
negative results.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:17:48 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Dvorak",
"Wolfgang",
""
],
[
"Woltran",
"Stefan",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3896
|
Oren Kurland
|
Oren Kurland, Eyal Krikon
|
The Opposite of Smoothing: A Language Model Approach to Ranking
Query-Specific Document Clusters
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
367-395, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3327
| null |
cs.IR
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Exploiting information induced from (query-specific) clustering of
top-retrieved documents has long been proposed as a means for improving
precision at the very top ranks of the returned results. We present a novel
language model approach to ranking query-specific clusters by the presumed
percentage of relevant documents that they contain. While most previous cluster
ranking approaches focus on the cluster as a whole, our model utilizes also
information induced from documents associated with the cluster. Our model
substantially outperforms previous approaches for identifying clusters
containing a high relevant-document percentage. Furthermore, using the model to
produce document ranking yields precision-at-top-ranks performance that is
consistently better than that of the initial ranking upon which clustering is
performed. The performance also favorably compares with that of a
state-of-the-art pseudo-feedback-based retrieval method.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:18:05 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Kurland",
"Oren",
""
],
[
"Krikon",
"Eyal",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3897
|
Dov Gabbay
|
Dov Gabbay, David Pearce, Agust\'in Valverde
|
Interpolable Formulas in Equilibrium Logic and Answer Set Programming
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
917-943, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3329
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Interpolation is an important property of classical and many non-classical
logics that has been shown to have interesting applications in computer science
and AI. Here we study the Interpolation Property for the the non-monotonic
system of equilibrium logic, establishing weaker or stronger forms of
interpolation depending on the precise interpretation of the inference
relation. These results also yield a form of interpolation for ground logic
programs under the answer sets semantics. For disjunctive logic programs we
also study the property of uniform interpolation that is closely related to the
concept of variable forgetting. The first-order version of equilibrium logic
has analogous Interpolation properties whenever the collection of equilibrium
models is (first-order) definable. Since this is the case for so-called safe
programs and theories, it applies to the usual situations that arise in
practical answer set programming.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:18:24 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Gabbay",
"Dov",
""
],
[
"Pearce",
"David",
""
],
[
"Valverde",
"Agustín",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3898
|
Joohyung Lee
|
Joohyung Lee, Yunsong Meng
|
First-Order Stable Model Semantics and First-Order Loop Formulas
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
125-180, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3337
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Lin and Zhaos theorem on loop formulas states that in the propositional case
the stable model semantics of a logic program can be completely characterized
by propositional loop formulas, but this result does not fully carry over to
the first-order case. We investigate the precise relationship between the
first-order stable model semantics and first-order loop formulas, and study
conditions under which the former can be represented by the latter. In order to
facilitate the comparison, we extend the definition of a first-order loop
formula which was limited to a nondisjunctive program, to a disjunctive program
and to an arbitrary first-order theory. Based on the studied relationship we
extend the syntax of a logic program with explicit quantifiers, which allows us
to do reasoning involving non-Herbrand stable models using first-order
reasoners. Such programs can be viewed as a special class of first-order
theories under the stable model semantics, which yields more succinct loop
formulas than the general language due to their restricted syntax.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:18:54 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Lee",
"Joohyung",
""
],
[
"Meng",
"Yunsong",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3899
|
Ganesh Ram Santhanam
|
Ganesh Ram Santhanam, Samik Basu, Vasant Honavar
|
Representing and Reasoning with Qualitative Preferences for
Compositional Systems
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
211-274, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3339
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Many applications, e.g., Web service composition, complex system design, team
formation, etc., rely on methods for identifying collections of objects or
entities satisfying some functional requirement. Among the collections that
satisfy the functional requirement, it is often necessary to identify one or
more collections that are optimal with respect to user preferences over a set
of attributes that describe the non-functional properties of the collection.
We develop a formalism that lets users express the relative importance among
attributes and qualitative preferences over the valuations of each attribute.
We define a dominance relation that allows us to compare collections of objects
in terms of preferences over attributes of the objects that make up the
collection. We establish some key properties of the dominance relation. In
particular, we show that the dominance relation is a strict partial order when
the intra-attribute preference relations are strict partial orders and the
relative importance preference relation is an interval order.
We provide algorithms that use this dominance relation to identify the set of
most preferred collections. We show that under certain conditions, the
algorithms are guaranteed to return only (sound), all (complete), or at least
one (weakly complete) of the most preferred collections. We present results of
simulation experiments comparing the proposed algorithms with respect to (a)
the quality of solutions (number of most preferred solutions) produced by the
algorithms, and (b) their performance and efficiency. We also explore some
interesting conjectures suggested by the results of our experiments that relate
the properties of the user preferences, the dominance relation, and the
algorithms.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:19:43 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Santhanam",
"Ganesh Ram",
""
],
[
"Basu",
"Samik",
""
],
[
"Honavar",
"Vasant",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3900
|
Vincent Aravantinos
|
Vincent Aravantinos, Ricardo Caferra, Nicolas Peltier
|
Decidability and Undecidability Results for Propositional Schemata
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 40, pages
599-656, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3351
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We define a logic of propositional formula schemata adding to the syntax of
propositional logic indexed propositions and iterated connectives ranging over
intervals parameterized by arithmetic variables. The satisfiability problem is
shown to be undecidable for this new logic, but we introduce a very general
class of schemata, called bound-linear, for which this problem becomes
decidable. This result is obtained by reduction to a particular class of
schemata called regular, for which we provide a sound and complete terminating
proof procedure. This schemata calculus allows one to capture proof patterns
corresponding to a large class of problems specified in propositional logic. We
also show that the satisfiability problem becomes again undecidable for slight
extensions of this class, thus demonstrating that bound-linear schemata
represent a good compromise between expressivity and decidability.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:20:30 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Aravantinos",
"Vincent",
""
],
[
"Caferra",
"Ricardo",
""
],
[
"Peltier",
"Nicolas",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3901
|
Piero A. Bonatti
|
Piero A. Bonatti, Marco Faella, Luigi Sauro
|
Defeasible Inclusions in Low-Complexity DLs
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
719-764, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3360
| null |
cs.LO cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Some of the applications of OWL and RDF (e.g. biomedical knowledge
representation and semantic policy formulation) call for extensions of these
languages with nonmonotonic constructs such as inheritance with overriding.
Nonmonotonic description logics have been studied for many years, however no
practical such knowledge representation languages exist, due to a combination
of semantic difficulties and high computational complexity. Independently,
low-complexity description logics such as DL-lite and EL have been introduced
and incorporated in the OWL standard. Therefore, it is interesting to see
whether the syntactic restrictions characterizing DL-lite and EL bring
computational benefits to their nonmonotonic versions, too. In this paper we
extensively investigate the computational complexity of Circumscription when
knowledge bases are formulated in DL-lite_R, EL, and fragments thereof. We
identify fragments whose complexity ranges from P to the second level of the
polynomial hierarchy, as well as fragments whose complexity raises to PSPACE
and beyond.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:20:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Bonatti",
"Piero A.",
""
],
[
"Faella",
"Marco",
""
],
[
"Sauro",
"Luigi",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3902
|
Richard Booth
|
Richard Booth, Thomas Meyer, Ivan Varzinczak, Renata Wassermann
|
On the Link between Partial Meet, Kernel, and Infra Contraction and its
Application to Horn Logic
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
31-53, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3364
| null |
cs.AI cs.LO
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Standard belief change assumes an underlying logic containing full classical
propositional logic. However, there are good reasons for considering belief
change in less expressive logics as well. In this paper we build on recent
investigations by Delgrande on contraction for Horn logic. We show that the
standard basic form of contraction, partial meet, is too strong in the Horn
case. This result stands in contrast to Delgrande's conjecture that orderly
maxichoice is the appropriate form of contraction for Horn logic. We then
define a more appropriate notion of basic contraction for the Horn case,
influenced by the convexity property holding for full propositional logic and
which we refer to as infra contraction. The main contribution of this work is a
result which shows that the construction method for Horn contraction for belief
sets based on our infra remainder sets corresponds exactly to Hansson's
classical kernel contraction for belief sets, when restricted to Horn logic.
This result is obtained via a detour through contraction for belief bases. We
prove that kernel contraction for belief bases produces precisely the same
results as the belief base version of infra contraction. The use of belief
bases to obtain this result provides evidence for the conjecture that Horn
belief change is best viewed as a hybrid version of belief set change and
belief base change. One of the consequences of the link with base contraction
is the provision of a representation result for Horn contraction for belief
sets in which a version of the Core-retainment postulate features.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:21:09 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Booth",
"Richard",
""
],
[
"Meyer",
"Thomas",
""
],
[
"Varzinczak",
"Ivan",
""
],
[
"Wassermann",
"Renata",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3903
|
Noa Agmon
|
Noa Agmon, Gal A. Kaminka, Sarit Kraus
|
Multi-Robot Adversarial Patrolling: Facing a Full-Knowledge Opponent
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
887-916, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3365
| null |
cs.MA cs.RO
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The problem of adversarial multi-robot patrol has gained interest in recent
years, mainly due to its immediate relevance to various security applications.
In this problem, robots are required to repeatedly visit a target area in a way
that maximizes their chances of detecting an adversary trying to penetrate
through the patrol path. When facing a strong adversary that knows the patrol
strategy of the robots, if the robots use a deterministic patrol algorithm,
then in many cases it is easy for the adversary to penetrate undetected (in
fact, in some of those cases the adversary can guarantee penetration).
Therefore this paper presents a non-deterministic patrol framework for the
robots. Assuming that the strong adversary will take advantage of its knowledge
and try to penetrate through the patrols weakest spot, hence an optimal
algorithm is one that maximizes the chances of detection in that point. We
therefore present a polynomial-time algorithm for determining an optimal patrol
under the Markovian strategy assumption for the robots, such that the
probability of detecting the adversary in the patrols weakest spot is
maximized. We build upon this framework and describe an optimal patrol strategy
for several robotic models based on their movement abilities (directed or
undirected) and sensing abilities (perfect or imperfect), and in different
environment models - either patrol around a perimeter (closed polygon) or an
open fence (open polyline).
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:21:33 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Agmon",
"Noa",
""
],
[
"Kaminka",
"Gal A.",
""
],
[
"Kraus",
"Sarit",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3905
|
Ko-Hsin Cindy Wang
|
Ko-Hsin Cindy Wang, Adi Botea
|
MAPP: a Scalable Multi-Agent Path Planning Algorithm with Tractability
and Completeness Guarantees
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
55-90, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3370
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Multi-agent path planning is a challenging problem with numerous real-life
applications. Running a centralized search such as A* in the combined state
space of all units is complete and cost-optimal, but scales poorly, as the
state space size is exponential in the number of mobile units. Traditional
decentralized approaches, such as FAR and WHCA*, are faster and more scalable,
being based on problem decomposition. However, such methods are incomplete and
provide no guarantees with respect to the running time or the solution quality.
They are not necessarily able to tell in a reasonable time whether they would
succeed in finding a solution to a given instance. We introduce MAPP, a
tractable algorithm for multi-agent path planning on undirected graphs. We
present a basic version and several extensions. They have low-polynomial
worst-case upper bounds for the running time, the memory requirements, and the
length of solutions. Even though all algorithmic versions are incomplete in the
general case, each provides formal guarantees on problems it can solve. For
each version, we discuss the algorithms completeness with respect to clearly
defined subclasses of instances. Experiments were run on realistic game grid
maps. MAPP solved 99.86% of all mobile units, which is 18--22% better than the
percentage of FAR and WHCA*. MAPP marked 98.82% of all units as provably
solvable during the first stage of plan computation. Parts of MAPPs computation
can be re-used across instances on the same map. Speed-wise, MAPP is
competitive or significantly faster than WHCA*, depending on whether MAPP
performs all computations from scratch. When data that MAPP can re-use are
preprocessed offline and readily available, MAPP is slower than the very fast
FAR algorithm by a factor of 2.18 on average. MAPPs solutions are on average
20% longer than FARs solutions and 7--31% longer than WHCA*s solutions.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:21:59 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Wang",
"Ko-Hsin Cindy",
""
],
[
"Botea",
"Adi",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3906
|
Peter D Grunwald
|
Peter D Grunwald, Joseph Y Halpern
|
Making Decisions Using Sets of Probabilities: Updating, Time
Consistency, and Calibration
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
393-426, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3374
| null |
cs.AI cs.GT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We consider how an agent should update her beliefs when her beliefs are
represented by a set P of probability distributions, given that the agent makes
decisions using the minimax criterion, perhaps the best-studied and most
commonly-used criterion in the literature. We adopt a game-theoretic framework,
where the agent plays against a bookie, who chooses some distribution from P.
We consider two reasonable games that differ in what the bookie knows when he
makes his choice. Anomalies that have been observed before, like time
inconsistency, can be understood as arising because different games are being
played, against bookies with different information. We characterize the
important special cases in which the optimal decision rules according to the
minimax criterion amount to either conditioning or simply ignoring the
information. Finally, we consider the relationship between updating and
calibration when uncertainty is described by sets of probabilities. Our results
emphasize the key role of the rectangularity condition of Epstein and
Schneider.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:22:33 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Grunwald",
"Peter D",
""
],
[
"Halpern",
"Joseph Y",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3907
|
Xiaosong Lu
|
Xiaosong Lu, Howard M. Schwartz, Sidney N. Givigi Jr
|
Policy Invariance under Reward Transformations for General-Sum
Stochastic Games
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 41, pages
397-406, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3384
| null |
cs.GT cs.LG
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We extend the potential-based shaping method from Markov decision processes
to multi-player general-sum stochastic games. We prove that the Nash equilibria
in a stochastic game remains unchanged after potential-based shaping is applied
to the environment. The property of policy invariance provides a possible way
of speeding convergence when learning to play a stochastic game.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:22:56 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Lu",
"Xiaosong",
""
],
[
"Schwartz",
"Howard M.",
""
],
[
"Givigi",
"Sidney N.",
"Jr"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3908
|
Ricardo Ribeiro
|
Ricardo Ribeiro, David Martins de Matos
|
Centrality-as-Relevance: Support Sets and Similarity as Geometric
Proximity
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
275-308, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3387
| null |
cs.IR cs.CL
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In automatic summarization, centrality-as-relevance means that the most
important content of an information source, or a collection of information
sources, corresponds to the most central passages, considering a representation
where such notion makes sense (graph, spatial, etc.). We assess the main
paradigms, and introduce a new centrality-based relevance model for automatic
summarization that relies on the use of support sets to better estimate the
relevant content. Geometric proximity is used to compute semantic relatedness.
Centrality (relevance) is determined by considering the whole input source (and
not only local information), and by taking into account the existence of minor
topics or lateral subjects in the information sources to be summarized. The
method consists in creating, for each passage of the input source, a support
set consisting only of the most semantically related passages. Then, the
determination of the most relevant content is achieved by selecting the
passages that occur in the largest number of support sets. This model produces
extractive summaries that are generic, and language- and domain-independent.
Thorough automatic evaluation shows that the method achieves state-of-the-art
performance, both in written text, and automatically transcribed speech
summarization, including when compared to considerably more complex approaches.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:23:22 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Ribeiro",
"Ricardo",
""
],
[
"de Matos",
"David Martins",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3909
|
Richard Hoshino
|
Richard Hoshino, Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi
|
Scheduling Bipartite Tournaments to Minimize Total Travel Distance
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
91-124, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3388
| null |
cs.AI cs.DS
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In many professional sports leagues, teams from opposing leagues/conferences
compete against one another, playing inter-league games. This is an example of
a bipartite tournament. In this paper, we consider the problem of reducing the
total travel distance of bipartite tournaments, by analyzing inter-league
scheduling from the perspective of discrete optimization. This research has
natural applications to sports scheduling, especially for leagues such as the
National Basketball Association (NBA) where teams must travel long distances
across North America to play all their games, thus consuming much time, money,
and greenhouse gas emissions. We introduce the Bipartite Traveling Tournament
Problem (BTTP), the inter-league variant of the well-studied Traveling
Tournament Problem. We prove that the 2n-team BTTP is NP-complete, but for
small values of n, a distance-optimal inter-league schedule can be generated
from an algorithm based on minimum-weight 4-cycle-covers. We apply our
theoretical results to the 12-team Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) league in
Japan, producing a provably-optimal schedule requiring 42950 kilometres of
total team travel, a 16% reduction compared to the actual distance traveled by
these teams during the 2010 NPB season. We also develop a nearly-optimal
inter-league tournament for the 30-team NBA league, just 3.8% higher than the
trivial theoretical lower bound.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:24:01 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Hoshino",
"Richard",
""
],
[
"Kawarabayashi",
"Ken-ichi",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3910
|
Peng Dai
|
Peng Dai, Mausam, Daniel Sabby Weld, Judy Goldsmith
|
Topological Value Iteration Algorithms
| null |
Journal Of Artificial Intelligence Research, Volume 42, pages
181-209, 2011
|
10.1613/jair.3390
| null |
cs.AI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Value iteration is a powerful yet inefficient algorithm for Markov decision
processes (MDPs) because it puts the majority of its effort into backing up the
entire state space, which turns out to be unnecessary in many cases. In order
to overcome this problem, many approaches have been proposed. Among them, ILAO*
and variants of RTDP are state-of-the-art ones. These methods use reachability
analysis and heuristic search to avoid some unnecessary backups. However, none
of these approaches build the graphical structure of the state transitions in a
pre-processing step or use the structural information to systematically
decompose a problem, whereby generating an intelligent backup sequence of the
state space. In this paper, we present two optimal MDP algorithms. The first
algorithm, topological value iteration (TVI), detects the structure of MDPs and
backs up states based on topological sequences. It (1) divides an MDP into
strongly-connected components (SCCs), and (2) solves these components
sequentially. TVI outperforms VI and other state-of-the-art algorithms vastly
when an MDP has multiple, close-to-equal-sized SCCs. The second algorithm,
focused topological value iteration (FTVI), is an extension of TVI. FTVI
restricts its attention to connected components that are relevant for solving
the MDP. Specifically, it uses a small amount of heuristic search to eliminate
provably sub-optimal actions; this pruning allows FTVI to find smaller
connected components, thus running faster. We demonstrate that FTVI outperforms
TVI by an order of magnitude, averaged across several domains. Surprisingly,
FTVI also significantly outperforms popular heuristically-informed MDP
algorithms such as ILAO*, LRTDP, BRTDP and Bayesian-RTDP in many domains,
sometimes by as much as two orders of magnitude. Finally, we characterize the
type of domains where FTVI excels --- suggesting a way to an informed choice of
solver.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:24:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Dai",
"Peng",
""
],
[
"Mausam",
"",
""
],
[
"Weld",
"Daniel Sabby",
""
],
[
"Goldsmith",
"Judy",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3913
|
Anatoly Latyshev
|
A. V. Latyshev, A. A. Yushkanov
|
Nonlinear interaction of electromagnetic field with quantum plasma
|
42 pages, 0 figures
| null | null | null |
physics.plasm-ph
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The analysis of nonlinear interaction of transversal electromagnetic field
with quantum collisionless plasma is carried out. Formulas for calculation
electric current in quantum collisionless plasma at any temperature are
deduced. It has appeared, that the nonlinearity account leads to occurrence of
the longitudinal electric current directed along a wave vector. This second
current is orthogonal to the known transversal classical current, received at
the classical linear analysis. The case of degenerate electronic plasma is
considered. It is shown, that for degenerate plasmas the electric current is
calculated under the formula, not containing quadratures. In this formula we
have allocated known Kohn's singularities (W. Kohn, 1959).
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 05:55:02 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 3 Feb 2014 17:52:39 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Thu, 6 Feb 2014 17:13:19 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] |
2014-02-07
|
[
[
"Latyshev",
"A. V.",
""
],
[
"Yushkanov",
"A. A.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3915
|
Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya
|
Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya and Peter J. Bickel
|
Community Detection in Networks using Graph Distance
|
Presented in Networks with Community Structure Workshop, Eurandom,
January, 2014. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:math/0504589 by
other authors
| null | null | null |
stat.ML cs.SI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The study of networks has received increased attention recently not only from
the social sciences and statistics but also from physicists, computer
scientists and mathematicians. One of the principal problem in networks is
community detection. Many algorithms have been proposed for community finding
but most of them do not have have theoretical guarantee for sparse networks and
networks close to the phase transition boundary proposed by physicists. There
are some exceptions but all have some incomplete theoretical basis. Here we
propose an algorithm based on the graph distance of vertices in the network. We
give theoretical guarantees that our method works in identifying communities
for block models and can be extended for degree-corrected block models and
block models with the number of communities growing with number of vertices.
Despite favorable simulation results, we are not yet able to conclude that our
method is satisfactory for worst possible case. We illustrate on a network of
political blogs, Facebook networks and some other networks.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 06:26:37 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 24 Jan 2014 09:01:50 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] |
2014-01-27
|
[
[
"Bhattacharyya",
"Sharmodeep",
""
],
[
"Bickel",
"Peter J.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3916
|
Sevag Gharibian
|
Sevag Gharibian, Yichen Huang, Zeph Landau, Seung Woo Shin
|
Quantum Hamiltonian Complexity
|
v4: published version, 127 pages, introduction expanded to include
brief introduction to quantum information, brief list of some recent
developments added, minor changes throughout
|
Foundations and Trends in Theoretical Computer Science: Vol. 10:
No. 3, pp 159-282, 2015
|
10.1561/0400000066
| null |
quant-ph cond-mat.str-el cs.CC
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Constraint satisfaction problems are a central pillar of modern computational
complexity theory. This survey provides an introduction to the rapidly growing
field of Quantum Hamiltonian Complexity, which includes the study of quantum
constraint satisfaction problems. Over the past decade and a half, this field
has witnessed fundamental breakthroughs, ranging from the establishment of a
"Quantum Cook-Levin Theorem" to deep insights into the structure of 1D
low-temperature quantum systems via so-called area laws. Our aim here is to
provide a computer science-oriented introduction to the subject in order to
help bridge the language barrier between computer scientists and physicists in
the field. As such, we include the following in this survey: (1) The
motivations and history of the field, (2) a glossary of condensed matter
physics terms explained in computer-science friendly language, (3) overviews of
central ideas from condensed matter physics, such as indistinguishable
particles, mean field theory, tensor networks, and area laws, and (4) brief
expositions of selected computer science-based results in the area. For
example, as part of the latter, we provide a novel information theoretic
presentation of Bravyi's polynomial time algorithm for Quantum 2-SAT.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 06:53:28 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 12 Sep 2014 18:30:42 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 15 Sep 2014 13:51:47 GMT",
"version": "v3"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 4 Apr 2016 19:47:28 GMT",
"version": "v4"
}
] |
2016-04-05
|
[
[
"Gharibian",
"Sevag",
""
],
[
"Huang",
"Yichen",
""
],
[
"Landau",
"Zeph",
""
],
[
"Shin",
"Seung Woo",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3918
|
Ke Xu
|
Xiao Liang, Jichang Zhao and Ke Xu
|
A universal law in human mobility
|
15 pages
| null | null | null |
physics.soc-ph cs.SI
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
The intrinsic factor that drives the human movement remains unclear for
decades. While our observations from intra-urban and inter-urban trips both
demonstrate a universal law in human mobility. Be specific, the probability
from one location to another is inversely proportional to the number of
population living in locations which are closer than the destination. A simple
rank-based model is then presented, which is parameterless but predicts human
flows with a convincing fidelity. Besides, comparison with other models shows
that our model is more stable and fundamental at different spatial scales by
implying the strong correlation between human mobility and social relationship.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 07:02:28 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Liang",
"Xiao",
""
],
[
"Zhao",
"Jichang",
""
],
[
"Xu",
"Ke",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3922
|
Ni Ding Miss
|
Ni Ding, Parastoo Sadeghi and Rodney A. Kennedy
|
Discrete Convexity and Stochastic Approximation for Cross-layer On-off
Transmission Control
|
29 pages, 8 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless
Communications
| null | null | null |
cs.IT cs.SY math.IT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
This paper considers the discrete convexity of a cross-layer on-off
transmission control problem in wireless communications. In this system, a
scheduler decides whether or not to transmit in order to optimize the long-term
quality of service (QoS) incurred by the queueing effects in the data link
layer and the transmission power consumption in the physical (PHY) layer
simultaneously. Using a Markov decision process (MDP) formulation, we show that
the optimal policy can be determined by solving a minimization problem over a
set of queue thresholds if the dynamic programming (DP) is submodular. We prove
that this minimization problem is discrete convex. In order to search the
minimizer, we consider two discrete stochastic approximation (DSA) algorithms:
discrete simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (DSPSA) and
L-natural-convex stochastic approximation (L-natural-convex SA). Through
numerical studies, we show that the two DSA algorithms converge significantly
faster than the existing continuous simultaneous perturbation stochastic
approximation (CSPSA) algorithm in multi-user systems. Finally, we compare the
convergence results and complexity of two DSA and CSPSA algorithms where we
show that DSPSA achieves the best trade-off between complexity and accuracy in
multi-user systems.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:12:12 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Tue, 25 Aug 2015 04:30:06 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] |
2015-08-26
|
[
[
"Ding",
"Ni",
""
],
[
"Sadeghi",
"Parastoo",
""
],
[
"Kennedy",
"Rodney A.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3924
|
Nuno A. M. Araujo
|
Seongmin Kim, Y. S. Cho, N. A. M. Araujo, B. Kahng
|
Crossover behavior of conductivity in a discontinuous percolation model
| null |
Physical Review E 89, 032113 (2014)
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.89.032113
| null |
cond-mat.stat-mech cond-mat.dis-nn physics.comp-ph
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
When conducting bonds are occupied randomly in a two-dimensional square
lattice, the conductivity of the system increases continuously as the density
of those conducting bonds exceeds the percolation threshold. Such a behavior is
well known in percolation theory; however, the conductivity behavior has not
been studied yet when the percolation transition is discontinuous. Here we
investigate the conductivity behavior through a discontinuous percolation model
evolving under a suppressive external bias. Using effective medium theory, we
analytically calculate the conductivity behavior as a function of the density
of conducting bonds. The conductivity function exhibits a crossover behavior
from a drastically to a smoothly increasing function beyond the percolation
threshold in the thermodynamic limit. The analytic expression fits well our
simulation data.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:20:12 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-11-03
|
[
[
"Kim",
"Seongmin",
""
],
[
"Cho",
"Y. S.",
""
],
[
"Araujo",
"N. A. M.",
""
],
[
"Kahng",
"B.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3927
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
L. Bottura (CERN)
|
Magnet Quench 101
|
9 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.1-9
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.1
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
This paper gives a broad summary of the physical phenomena associated with
the quench of a superconducting magnet.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:25:14 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Bottura",
"L.",
"",
"CERN"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3928
|
Han Mao Kiah
|
Yeow Meng Chee, Zouha Cherif, Jean-Luc Danger, Sylvain Guilley, Han
Mao Kiah, Jon-Lark Kim, Patrick Sol\'e, Xiande Zhang
|
Multiply Constant-Weight Codes and the Reliability of Loop Physically
Unclonable Functions
| null | null | null | null |
cs.IT math.CO math.IT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We introduce the class of multiply constant-weight codes to improve the
reliability of certain physically unclonable function (PUF) response. We extend
classical coding methods to construct multiply constant-weight codes from known
$q$-ary and constant-weight codes. Analogues of Johnson bounds are derived and
are shown to be asymptotically tight to a constant factor under certain
conditions. We also examine the rates of the multiply constant-weight codes and
interestingly, demonstrate that these rates are the same as those of
constant-weight codes of suitable parameters. Asymptotic analysis of our code
constructions is provided.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:28:28 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Chee",
"Yeow Meng",
""
],
[
"Cherif",
"Zouha",
""
],
[
"Danger",
"Jean-Luc",
""
],
[
"Guilley",
"Sylvain",
""
],
[
"Kiah",
"Han Mao",
""
],
[
"Kim",
"Jon-Lark",
""
],
[
"Solé",
"Patrick",
""
],
[
"Zhang",
"Xiande",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3931
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
E. Todesco (CERN)
|
Quench limits in the next generation of magnets
|
7 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.10-16
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.10
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
Several projects around the planet aim at building a new generation of
superconducting magnets for particle accelerators, relying on Nb3Sn conductor,
with peak fields in the range of 10-15 T. In this paper we give an overview of
the main challenges for protecting this new generation of magnets. The cases of
isolated short magnets, in which the energy can be extracted on an external
dump resistor, and chain of long magnets, which have to absorb their stored
energy and have to rely on quench heaters, are discussed. We show that this new
generation of magnets can pose special challenges, related to both the large
current density and to the energy densities.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:41:50 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Todesco",
"E.",
"",
"CERN"
]
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] |
1401.3934
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
H. Felice (LBNL, Berkeley), E. Todesco (CERN)
|
Quench protection analysis in accelerator magnets, a review of the tools
|
4 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.17-20
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.17
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
As accelerator magnets see the increase of their magnetic field and stored
energy, quench protection becomes a critical part of the magnet design. Due to
the complexity of the quench phenomenon interweaving magnetic, electrical and
thermal analysis, the use of numerical codes is a key component of the process.
In that respect, we propose here a review of several tools commonly used in the
magnet design community.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:47:23 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Felice",
"H.",
"",
"LBNL, Berkeley"
],
[
"Todesco",
"E.",
"",
"CERN"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3936
|
Adnan Anwar
|
Adnan Anwar, Abdun Naser Mahmood
|
Cyber Security of Smart Grid Infrastructure
|
The State of the Art in Intrusion Prevention and Detection, CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis Group, USA, January 2014
| null | null | null |
cs.CR
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Smart grid security is crucial to maintain stable and reliable power system
operation during the contingency situation due to the failure of any critical
power system component. Ensuring a secured smart grid involves with a less
possibility of power grid collapse or equipment malfunction. Due to lack of the
proper security measures, a major blackout may occur which can even lead to a
cascading failure. Therefore, to protect this critical power system
infrastructure and to ensure a reliable and an uninterrupted power supply to
the end users, smart grid security issues must be addressed with high priority.
In a smart grid environment, electric power infrastructure is modernized by
incorporating the current and future requirements and advanced functionalities
to its consumers. To make the smart grid happen, cyber system is integrated
with the physical power system. Although adoption of cyber system has made the
grid more energy efficient and modernized, it has introduced cyber-attack
issues which are critical for national infrastructure security and customer
satisfaction. Due to the cyber-attack, power grid may face operational failures
and loss of synchronization. This operational failure may damage critical power
system components which may interrupt the power supply and make the system
unstable resulting high financial penalties. In this chapter, some recent cyber
attack related incidents into a smart grid environment are discussed. The
requirements and the state of the art of cyber security issues of a critical
power system infrastructure are illustrated elaborately.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:53:28 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 22 Jan 2014 05:00:21 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] |
2014-01-23
|
[
[
"Anwar",
"Adnan",
""
],
[
"Mahmood",
"Abdun Naser",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3937
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
J. Schwartz (NCSU, Raleigh)
|
Quench in high temperature superconductor magnets
|
9 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.21-29
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.21
| null |
physics.acc-ph cond-mat.supr-con
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
High field superconducting magnets using high temperature superconductors are
being developed for high energy physics, nuclear magnetic resonance and energy
storage applications. Although the conductor technology has progressed to the
point where such large magnets can be readily envisioned, quench protection
remains a key challenge. It is well-established that quench propagation in HTS
magnets is very slow and this brings new challenges that must be addressed. In
this paper, these challenges are discussed and potential solutions, driven by
new technologies such as optical fiber based sensors and thermally conducting
electrical insulators, are reviewed.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:53:36 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Schwartz",
"J.",
"",
"NCSU, Raleigh"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3938
|
Subodh Pudasaini
|
Subodh Pudasaini, Seokjoo Shin, and Kyung Sup Kwak
|
Robust Modulation Technique for Diffusion-based Molecular Communication
in Nanonetworks
|
4 pages, 5 fugures
| null | null | null |
cs.IT math.IT
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
Diffusion-based molecular communication over nanonetworks is an emerging
communication paradigm that enables nanomachines to communicate by using
molecules as the information carrier. For such a communication paradigm,
Concentration Shift Keying (CSK) has been considered as one of the most
promising techniques for modulating information symbols, owing to its inherent
simplicity and practicality. CSK modulated subsequent information symbols,
however, may interfere with each other due to the random amount of time that
molecules of each modulated symbols take to reach the receiver nanomachine. To
alleviate Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) problem associated with CSK, we
propose a new modulation technique called Zebra-CSK. The proposed Zebra-CSK
adds inhibitor molecules in CSK-modulated molecular signal to selectively
suppress ISI causing molecules. Numerical results from our newly developed
probabilistic analytical model show that Zebra-CSK not only enhances capacity
of the molecular channel but also reduces symbol error probability observed at
the receiver nanomachine.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 08:54:54 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Fri, 17 Jan 2014 01:33:10 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] |
2014-01-20
|
[
[
"Pudasaini",
"Subodh",
""
],
[
"Shin",
"Seokjoo",
""
],
[
"Kwak",
"Kyung Sup",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3939
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
T. Salmi, D. Arbelaez, S. Caspi, H. Felice, S. Prestemon (LBNL,
Berkeley), G. Chlachidze (Fermilab), H.H.J. ten Kate (Twente U., Enschede)
|
Modeling heat transfer from quench protection heaters to superconducting
cables in Nb3Sn magnets
|
8 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.30-37
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.30
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
We use a recently developed quench protection heater modeling tool for an
analysis of heater delays in superconducting high-field Nb3Sn accelerator
magnets. The results suggest that the calculated delays are consistent with
experimental data, and show how the heater delay depends on the main heater
design parameters.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:01:35 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Salmi",
"T.",
"",
"LBNL,\n Berkeley"
],
[
"Arbelaez",
"D.",
"",
"LBNL,\n Berkeley"
],
[
"Caspi",
"S.",
"",
"LBNL,\n Berkeley"
],
[
"Felice",
"H.",
"",
"LBNL,\n Berkeley"
],
[
"Prestemon",
"S.",
"",
"LBNL,\n Berkeley"
],
[
"Chlachidze",
"G.",
"",
"Fermilab"
],
[
"Kate",
"H. H. J. ten",
"",
"Twente U., Enschede"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3941
|
Wentu Song
|
Wentu Song, Chau Yuen, Kai Cai and Rongquan Feng
|
Network Coding for $3$s$/n$t Sum-Networks
|
11 pages, 4 figures, conference
| null | null | null |
cs.IT math.IT
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
A sum-network is a directed acyclic network where each source independently
generates one symbol from a given field $\mathbb F$ and each terminal wants to
receive the sum $($over $\mathbb F)$ of the source symbols. For sum-networks
with two sources or two terminals, the solvability is characterized by the
connection condition of each source-terminal pair [3]. A necessary and
sufficient condition for the solvability of the $3$-source $3$-terminal
$(3$s$/3$t$)$ sum-networks was given by Shenvi and Dey [6]. However, the
general case of arbitrary sources/sinks is still open. In this paper, we
investigate the sum-network with three sources and $n$ sinks using a region
decomposition method. A sufficient and necessary condition is established for a
class of $3$s$/n$t sum-networks. As a direct application of this result, a
necessary and sufficient condition of solvability is obtained for the special
case of $3$s$/3$t sum-networks.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:05:29 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Song",
"Wentu",
""
],
[
"Yuen",
"Chau",
""
],
[
"Cai",
"Kai",
""
],
[
"Feng",
"Rongquan",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3945
|
Jan Ostergaard
|
Adel Zahedi, Jan Ostergaard, Soren Holdt Jensen, Patrick Naylor, Soren
Bech
|
Distributed Remote Vector Gaussian Source Coding for Wireless Acoustic
Sensor Networks
|
10 pages, to be presented at the IEEE DCC'14
| null |
10.1109/DCC.2014.27
| null |
cs.IT math.IT
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
In this paper, we consider the problem of remote vector Gaussian source
coding for a wireless acoustic sensor network. Each node receives messages from
multiple nodes in the network and decodes these messages using its own
measurement of the sound field as side information. The node's measurement and
the estimates of the source resulting from decoding the received messages are
then jointly encoded and transmitted to a neighboring node in the network. We
show that for this distributed source coding scenario, one can encode a
so-called conditional sufficient statistic of the sources instead of jointly
encoding multiple sources. We focus on the case where node measurements are in
form of noisy linearly mixed combinations of the sources and the acoustic
channel mixing matrices are invertible. For this problem, we derive the
rate-distortion function for vector Gaussian sources and under covariance
distortion constraints.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:12:59 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2016-11-15
|
[
[
"Zahedi",
"Adel",
""
],
[
"Ostergaard",
"Jan",
""
],
[
"Jensen",
"Soren Holdt",
""
],
[
"Naylor",
"Patrick",
""
],
[
"Bech",
"Soren",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3946
|
Alessandro Pluchino
|
Dario A. Zappal\`a, Alessandro Pluchino, Andrea Rapisarda
|
Selective altruism in collective games
|
29 pages, 20 figures
|
Physica A, Volume 410, 2014, Pages 496-512
|
10.1016/j.physa.2014.05.032
| null |
physics.soc-ph
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We study the emergence of altruistic behaviour in collective games. In
particular, we take into account Toral's version of collective Parrondo's
paradoxical games, in which the redistribution of capital between agents, who
can play different strategies, creates a positive trend of increasing capital.
In this framework, we insert two categories of players, altruistic and selfish
ones, and see how they interact and how their capital evolves. More in detail,
we analyse the positive effects of altruistic behaviour, but we also point out
how selfish players take advantage of that situation. The general result is
that altruistic behaviour is discouraged, because selfish players get richer
while altruistic ones get poorer. We also consider a smarter way of being
altruistic, based on reputation, called "selective altruism", which prevents
selfish players from taking advantage of altruistic ones. In this new situation
it is altruism, and not selfishness, to be encouraged and stabilized. Finally,
we introduce a mechanism of imitation between players and study how it
influences the composition of the population of both altruistic and selfish
players as a function of time for different initial conditions and network
topologies adopted.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:13:16 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 7 Apr 2014 15:16:23 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] |
2014-10-30
|
[
[
"Zappalà",
"Dario A.",
""
],
[
"Pluchino",
"Alessandro",
""
],
[
"Rapisarda",
"Andrea",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3950
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
M. Marchevsky, X. Wang, G. Sabbi and S. Prestemon (LBNL, Berkeley)
|
Acoustic detection in superconducting magnets for performance
characterization and diagnostics
|
5 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.38-42
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.38
| null |
physics.acc-ph physics.ins-det
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
Quench diagnostics in superconducting accelerator magnets is essential for
understanding performance limitations and improving magnet design.
Applicability of the conventional quench diagnostics methods such as voltage
taps or quench antennas is limited for long magnets or complex winding
geometries, and alternative approaches are desirable. Here, we discuss acoustic
sensing technique for detecting mechanical vibrations in superconducting
magnets. Using LARP high-field Nb3Sn quadrupole HQ01 [1], we show how acoustic
data is connected with voltage instabilities measured simultaneously in the
magnet windings during provoked extractions and current ramps to quench.
Instrumentation and data analysis techniques for acoustic sensing are reviewed.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:26:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Marchevsky",
"M.",
"",
"LBNL, Berkeley"
],
[
"Wang",
"X.",
"",
"LBNL, Berkeley"
],
[
"Sabbi",
"G.",
"",
"LBNL, Berkeley"
],
[
"Prestemon",
"S.",
"",
"LBNL, Berkeley"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3951
|
Taneli Kalvas
|
T. Kalvas
|
Beam Extraction and Transport
|
presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2012: Ion Sources,
Senec, 29 May - 8 June 2012
|
CERN-2013-007, pp. 537-564
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-007
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
This chapter gives an introduction to low-energy beam transport systems, and
discusses the typically used magnetostatic elements (solenoid, dipoles and
quadrupoles) and electrostatic elements (einzel lens, dipoles and quadrupoles).
The ion beam emittance, beam space-charge effects and the physics of ion source
extraction are introduced. Typical computer codes for analysing and designing
ion optical systems are mentioned, and the trajectory tracking method most
often used for extraction simulations is described in more detail.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:28:42 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-20
|
[
[
"Kalvas",
"T.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3955
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
G. Ambrosio (Fermilab)
|
Maximum allowable temperature during quench in Nb3Sn accelerator magnets
|
4 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.43-46
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.43
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
This note aims at understanding the maximum allowable temperature at the hot
spot during a quench in Nb3Sn accelerator magnets, through the analysis of
experimental results previously presented.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:39:36 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Ambrosio",
"G.",
"",
"Fermilab"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3956
|
Kousuke Yakubo
|
K. Yakubo, S. Saijo, and D. Koro\v{s}ak
|
Superlinear and sublinear urban scaling in geographical network model of
the city
|
9 pages, 5 figures
| null |
10.1103/PhysRevE.90.022803
| null |
physics.soc-ph
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Using a geographical scale-free network to describe relations between people
in a city, we explain both superlinear and sublinear allometric scaling of
urban indicators that quantify activities or performances of the city. The
urban indicator $Y(N)$ of a city with the population size $N$ is analytically
calculated by summing up all individual activities produced by person-to-person
relationships. Our results show that the urban indicator scales superlinearly
with the population, namely, $Y(N)\propto N^{\beta}$ with $\beta>1$ if $Y(N)$
represents a creative productivity and the indicator scales sublinearly
($\beta<1$) if $Y(N)$ is related to the degree of infrastructure development.
These coincide with allometric scaling observed in real-world urban indicators.
We also show how the scaling exponent $\beta$ depends on the strength of the
geographical constraint in the network formation.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:40:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2015-06-18
|
[
[
"Yakubo",
"K.",
""
],
[
"Saijo",
"S.",
""
],
[
"Korošak",
"D.",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3957
|
Udi Boker
|
Udi Boker (IST Austria), Thomas A. Henzinger (IST AUstria)
|
Exact and Approximate Determinization of Discounted-Sum Automata
| null |
Logical Methods in Computer Science, Volume 10, Issue 1 (February
13, 2014) lmcs:1104
|
10.2168/LMCS-10(1:10)2014
| null |
cs.FL cs.LO
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
A discounted-sum automaton (NDA) is a nondeterministic finite automaton with
edge weights, valuing a run by the discounted sum of visited edge weights. More
precisely, the weight in the i-th position of the run is divided by
$\lambda^i$, where the discount factor $\lambda$ is a fixed rational number
greater than 1. The value of a word is the minimal value of the automaton runs
on it. Discounted summation is a common and useful measuring scheme, especially
for infinite sequences, reflecting the assumption that earlier weights are more
important than later weights. Unfortunately, determinization of NDAs, which is
often essential in formal verification, is, in general, not possible. We
provide positive news, showing that every NDA with an integral discount factor
is determinizable. We complete the picture by proving that the integers
characterize exactly the discount factors that guarantee determinizability: for
every nonintegral rational discount factor $\lambda$, there is a
nondeterminizable $\lambda$-NDA. We also prove that the class of NDAs with
integral discount factors enjoys closure under the algebraic operations min,
max, addition, and subtraction, which is not the case for general NDAs nor for
deterministic NDAs. For general NDAs, we look into approximate determinization,
which is always possible as the influence of a word's suffix decays. We show
that the naive approach, of unfolding the automaton computations up to a
sufficient level, is doubly exponential in the discount factor. We provide an
alternative construction for approximate determinization, which is singly
exponential in the discount factor, in the precision, and in the number of
states. We also prove matching lower bounds, showing that the exponential
dependency on each of these three parameters cannot be avoided. All our results
hold equally for automata over finite words and for automata over infinite
words.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:43:11 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 12 Feb 2014 05:57:39 GMT",
"version": "v2"
}
] |
2015-07-01
|
[
[
"Boker",
"Udi",
"",
"IST Austria"
],
[
"Henzinger",
"Thomas A.",
"",
"IST AUstria"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3958
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
G. Chlachidze, I. Novitski, A.V. Zlobin (Fermilab), B. Auchmann, M.
Karppinen (CERN)
|
Experimental results and analysis from the 11 T Nb3Sn DS dipole
|
10 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator
Magnet, Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN,
Geneva, Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.47-56
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.47
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
FNAL and CERN are developing a 5.5-m-long twin-aperture Nb3Sn dipole suitable
for installation in the LHC. A 2-m-long single-aperture demonstrator dipole
with 60 mm bore, a nominal field of 11 T at the LHC nominal current of 11.85 kA
and 20% margin has been developed and tested. This paper presents the results
of quench protection analysis and protection heater study for the Nb3Sn
demonstrator dipole. Extrapolations of the results for long magnet and
operation in LHC are also presented.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:46:15 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Chlachidze",
"G.",
"",
"Fermilab"
],
[
"Novitski",
"I.",
"",
"Fermilab"
],
[
"Zlobin",
"A. V.",
"",
"Fermilab"
],
[
"Auchmann",
"B.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Karppinen",
"M.",
"",
"CERN"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3960
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
G. Kirby, B. Auchmann, M. Bajko, M.Charrondiere, N. Bourcey, V.I.
Datskov, P. Fessia, J. Feuvrier, P. Galbraith, A. Garcia Tabares, J.
Garcia-Perez, P. Granieri, P. Hagen, C. Lorin, J. C. Perez, S. Russenschuck,
T. Sahner, M. Segreti, E. Todesco, G. Willering (CERN)
|
Models and experimental results from the wide aperture Nb-Ti magnets for
the LHC upgrade
|
8 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.57-64
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.57
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
MQXC is a Nb-Ti quadrupole designed to meet the accelerator quality
requirements needed for the phase-1 LHC upgrade, now superseded by the high
luminosity upgrade foreseen in 2021. The 2-m-long model magnet was tested at
room temperature and 1.9 K. The technology developed for this magnet is
relevant for other magnets currently under development for the high-luminosity
upgrade, namely D1 (at KEK) and the large aperture twin quadrupole Q4 (at CEA).
In this paper we present MQXC test results, some of the specialized heat
extraction features, spot heaters, temperature sensor mounting and voltage tap
development for the special open cable insulation. We look at some problem
solving with noisy signals, give an overview of electrical testing, look at how
we calculate the coil resistance during at quench and show that the heaters are
not working We describe the quench signals and its timing, the development of
the quench heaters and give an explanation of an Excel quench calculation and
its comparison including the good agreement with the MQXC test results. We
propose an improvement to the magnet circuit design to reduce voltage to ground
values by factor 2. The program is then used to predict quench Hot-Spot and
Voltages values for the D1 dipole and the Q4 quadrupole.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:51:45 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Kirby",
"G.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Auchmann",
"B.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Bajko",
"M.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Charrondiere",
"M.",
"",
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],
[
"Bourcey",
"N.",
"",
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],
[
"Datskov",
"V. I.",
"",
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],
[
"Fessia",
"P.",
"",
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],
[
"Feuvrier",
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"",
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],
[
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"",
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],
[
"Tabares",
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"",
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],
[
"Garcia-Perez",
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"",
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],
[
"Granieri",
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"",
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],
[
"Hagen",
"P.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Lorin",
"C.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Perez",
"J. C.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Russenschuck",
"S.",
"",
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],
[
"Sahner",
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"",
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],
[
"Segreti",
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"",
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],
[
"Todesco",
"E.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Willering",
"G.",
"",
"CERN"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3961
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
Ph. Fazilleau, M. Devaux, M. Durante, T. Lecrevisse, J.-M. Rey (IRFU,
Saclay)
|
Protection of the 13 T Nb3Sn Fresca II dipole
|
5 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.65-69
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.65
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
The EuCARD project aims on construction of a 19 T hybrid dipole; it will be
made of a 6 T HTS dipole associated to a 13 T outsert Nb3Sn dipole [1]. This
paper reviews the quench analysis and protection of the 13 T Nb3Sn dipole.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 09:57:39 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Fazilleau",
"Ph.",
"",
"IRFU,\n Saclay"
],
[
"Devaux",
"M.",
"",
"IRFU,\n Saclay"
],
[
"Durante",
"M.",
"",
"IRFU,\n Saclay"
],
[
"Lecrevisse",
"T.",
"",
"IRFU,\n Saclay"
],
[
"Rey",
"J. -M.",
"",
"IRFU,\n Saclay"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3967
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
A. Stenvall, E. Haro (Tampere U. of Tech.), Ph. Fazilleau, M. Devaux,
M. Durante, T. Lecrevisse, J.-M. Rey (IRFU, Saclay), J. Fleiter (CERN), M.
Sorbi, G. Volpini (INFN, LASA, Segrate), P. Tixador (G2Elab/Institut Neel,
CNRS/Grenoble-INP/UJF, Grenoble)
|
Protection of the 6 T YBCO insert in the 13 T Nb3Sn Fresca II dipole
|
6 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.70-75
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.70
| null |
physics.acc-ph
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
In the EuCARD project, we aim to construct a dipole magnet in YBCO producing
6 T in the background field of a 13 T Nb3Sn dipole FRESCA II. This paper
reviews the quench analysis and protection of the YBCO coil. In addition, a
recommendation for the protection system of the YBCO coil is presented.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 10:09:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Stenvall",
"A.",
"",
"Tampere U. of Tech."
],
[
"Haro",
"E.",
"",
"Tampere U. of Tech."
],
[
"Fazilleau",
"Ph.",
"",
"IRFU, Saclay"
],
[
"Devaux",
"M.",
"",
"IRFU, Saclay"
],
[
"Durante",
"M.",
"",
"IRFU, Saclay"
],
[
"Lecrevisse",
"T.",
"",
"IRFU, Saclay"
],
[
"Rey",
"J. -M.",
"",
"IRFU, Saclay"
],
[
"Fleiter",
"J.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Sorbi",
"M.",
"",
"INFN, LASA, Segrate"
],
[
"Volpini",
"G.",
"",
"INFN, LASA, Segrate"
],
[
"Tixador",
"P.",
"",
"G2Elab/Institut Neel,\n CNRS/Grenoble-INP/UJF, Grenoble"
]
] |
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-0.011916709132492542,
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-0.057295747101306915,
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] |
1401.3971
|
Scientific Information Service CERN
|
R. Flukiger, T. Spina (CERN)
|
The behaviour of copper in view of radiation damage in the LHC
luminosity upgrade
|
7 pages, Contribution to WAMSDO 2013: Workshop on Accelerator Magnet,
Superconductor, Design and Optimization; 15 - 16 Jan 2013, CERN, Geneva,
Switzerland
|
CERN Yellow Report CERN-2013-006, pp.76-82
|
10.5170/CERN-2013-006.76
| null |
physics.acc-ph physics.ins-det
|
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
|
In view of the safe operation of the quadrupoles in the luminosity upgrade of
the LHC accelerator, the response of the copper stabilizer at low temperatures
to the various high energy radiation sources is of primary importance. The
present study takes into account the expected high energy spectrum of the
simultaneous radiation by neutrons, protons, pions, electrons and photons,
calculated using the FLUKA code by F. Cerutti (CERN) as well as on literature
values. It was found that proton irradiation causes a considerably higher
damage than neutron irradiation: in spite of a 3.8% proton fraction, the
measured damage is of the order of 20%, which fits with the calculations of N.
Mokhov (Fermilab) on the contribution of protons to the dpa. The same
calculations indicate that the total effect of protons, pions and electrons is
at least as high as that of neutrons. Since recent neutron experiments of
Nakamoto et al. show that the RRR of Cu is reduced from 200 to 50-120 for a
fluence of 10^{21} n/cm^{2}, it follows that the inclusion of all high energy
sources would lead to RRR values well below 50, thus endangering stability and
protection. This result confirms the necessity of including a tungsten shield
inside the quadrupoles.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 10:15:38 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2014-01-17
|
[
[
"Flukiger",
"R.",
"",
"CERN"
],
[
"Spina",
"T.",
"",
"CERN"
]
] |
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] |
1401.3973
|
Joan Serr\`a
|
Joan Serr\`a and Josep Lluis Arcos
|
An Empirical Evaluation of Similarity Measures for Time Series
Classification
|
28 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
|
Knowledge-Based Systems 67: 305-314, 2014
|
10.1016/j.knosys.2014.04.035
| null |
cs.LG cs.CV stat.ML
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
Time series are ubiquitous, and a measure to assess their similarity is a
core part of many computational systems. In particular, the similarity measure
is the most essential ingredient of time series clustering and classification
systems. Because of this importance, countless approaches to estimate time
series similarity have been proposed. However, there is a lack of comparative
studies using empirical, rigorous, quantitative, and large-scale assessment
strategies. In this article, we provide an extensive evaluation of similarity
measures for time series classification following the aforementioned
principles. We consider 7 different measures coming from alternative measure
`families', and 45 publicly-available time series data sets coming from a wide
variety of scientific domains. We focus on out-of-sample classification
accuracy, but in-sample accuracies and parameter choices are also discussed.
Our work is based on rigorous evaluation methodologies and includes the use of
powerful statistical significance tests to derive meaningful conclusions. The
obtained results show the equivalence, in terms of accuracy, of a number of
measures, but with one single candidate outperforming the rest. Such findings,
together with the followed methodology, invite researchers on the field to
adopt a more consistent evaluation criteria and a more informed decision
regarding the baseline measures to which new developments should be compared.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 10:21:44 GMT",
"version": "v1"
}
] |
2016-05-18
|
[
[
"Serrà",
"Joan",
""
],
[
"Arcos",
"Josep Lluis",
""
]
] |
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] |
1401.3977
|
Jarah Evslin
|
Emilio Ciuffoli, Jarah Evslin and Xinmin Zhang
|
The Leptonic CP Phase from Muon Decay at Rest with Two Detectors
|
5 pages, 11 figures, v3: matter effect included, error corrected
|
JHEP 1412 (2014) 051
|
10.1007/JHEP12(2014)051
| null |
hep-ph hep-ex physics.acc-ph
|
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
|
We propose a novel experimental setup for the determination of the leptonic
CP-violating phase delta using the decay at rest (DAR) of mu+ from a single
source located at distances of 10 and 30 km from two 20 kton organic liquid
scintillator detectors. The mu+ are created by bombarding a target with a 9 mA
beam of 800 MeV protons. With this proposal delta can be determined with a
precision of about 20 (15) degrees in 6 (12) years. In contrast with the
DAEdALUS project, only a single source is required and it runs with a duty
factor of 100 percent. Therefore 9 mA is the maximum instanteous current,
greatly reducing both the technological challenges and the costs.
|
[
{
"created": "Thu, 16 Jan 2014 10:35:46 GMT",
"version": "v1"
},
{
"created": "Wed, 29 Jan 2014 06:32:47 GMT",
"version": "v2"
},
{
"created": "Mon, 10 Mar 2014 18:38:56 GMT",
"version": "v3"
}
] |
2015-11-05
|
[
[
"Ciuffoli",
"Emilio",
""
],
[
"Evslin",
"Jarah",
""
],
[
"Zhang",
"Xinmin",
""
]
] |
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] |
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