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C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2016.2577031
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks
|
[
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},
{
"display_name": "Object detection",
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"level": 3,
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},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
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"level": 1,
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{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
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{
"display_name": "Object (grammar)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.52365965,
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},
{
"display_name": "Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C64876066",
"level": 3,
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4104918,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
}
] |
State-of-the-art object detection networks depend on region proposal algorithms to hypothesize object locations. Advances like SPPnet [1] and Fast R-CNN [2] have reduced the running time of these detection networks, exposing region proposal computation as a bottleneck. In this work, we introduce a Region Proposal Network(RPN) that shares full-image convolutional features with the detection network, thus enabling nearly cost-free region proposals. An RPN is a fully convolutional network that simultaneously predicts object bounds and objectness scores at each position. The RPN is trained end-to-end to generate high-quality region proposals, which are used by Fast R-CNN for detection. We further merge RPN and Fast R-CNN into a single network by sharing their convolutional features-using the recently popular terminology of neural networks with 'attention' mechanisms, the RPN component tells the unified network where to look. For the very deep VGG-16 model [3], our detection system has a frame rate of 5 fps (including all steps) on a GPU, while achieving state-of-the-art object detection accuracy on PASCAL VOC 2007, 2012, and MS COCO datasets with only 300 proposals per image. In ILSVRC and COCO 2015 competitions, Faster R-CNN and RPN are the foundations of the 1st-place winning entries in several tracks. Code has been made publicly available.
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2016.91
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection
|
[
{
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"level": 3,
"score": 0.881399,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
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},
{
"display_name": "Bounding overwatch",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C63584917",
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{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
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"level": 1,
"score": 0.75382733,
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},
{
"display_name": "False positive paradox",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C64869954",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6405212,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747"
},
{
"display_name": "Pipeline (software)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43521106",
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"score": 0.62754226,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493"
},
{
"display_name": "Frame (networking)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126042441",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5749901,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5316428,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53002506,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
},
{
"display_name": "Object (grammar)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51715726,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026"
},
{
"display_name": "Viola–Jones object detection framework",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C182521987",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.49638134,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493877"
},
{
"display_name": "Class (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777212361",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47985142,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848"
},
{
"display_name": "Detector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94915269",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46474928,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857"
},
{
"display_name": "Minimum bounding box",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147037132",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45293525,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426"
},
{
"display_name": "Frame rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3261483",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44291133,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565"
},
{
"display_name": "Base (topology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42058472",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44245252,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214"
},
{
"display_name": "False positives and false negatives",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112789634",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43111354,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010"
},
{
"display_name": "Image (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.31656155,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623"
}
] |
We present YOLO, a new approach to object detection. Prior work on object detection repurposes classifiers to perform detection. Instead, we frame object detection as a regression problem to spatially separated bounding boxes and associated class probabilities. A single neural network predicts bounding boxes and class probabilities directly from full images in one evaluation. Since the whole detection pipeline is a single network, it can be optimized end-to-end directly on detection performance. Our unified architecture is extremely fast. Our base YOLO model processes images in real-time at 45 frames per second. A smaller version of the network, Fast YOLO, processes an astounding 155 frames per second while still achieving double the mAP of other real-time detectors. Compared to state-of-the-art detection systems, YOLO makes more localization errors but is less likely to predict false positives on background. Finally, YOLO learns very general representations of objects. It outperforms other detection methods, including DPM and R-CNN, when generalizing from natural images to other domains like artwork.
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1145/358669.358692
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Random sample consensus
|
[
{
"display_name": "RANSAC",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114744707",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9966863,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218533"
},
{
"display_name": "Smoothing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3770464",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.71818423,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6771418,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.62032855,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660"
},
{
"display_name": "Landmark",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780297707",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6108582,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393"
},
{
"display_name": "Sample (material)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198531522",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5637772,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146"
},
{
"display_name": "Feature (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5240341,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5129978,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
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{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49168688,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Basis (linear algebra)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12426560",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47180927,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569"
},
{
"display_name": "Image (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45243055,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623"
},
{
"display_name": "Point (geometry)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28719098",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43779463,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3870967,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34622222,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32894886,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
}
] |
A new paradigm, Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC), for fitting a model to experimental data is introduced. RANSAC is capable of interpreting/smoothing data containing a significant percentage of gross errors, and is thus ideally suited for applications in automated image analysis where interpretation is based on the data provided by error-prone feature detectors. A major portion of this paper describes the application of RANSAC to the Location Determination Problem (LDP): Given an image depicting a set of landmarks with known locations, determine that point in space from which the image was obtained. In response to a RANSAC requirement, new results are derived on the minimum number of landmarks needed to obtain a solution, and algorithms are presented for computing these minimum-landmark solutions in closed form. These results provide the basis for an automatic system that can solve the LDP under difficult viewing
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv.2017.244
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Unpaired Image-to-Image Translation Using Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks
|
[
{
"display_name": "Image translation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779757391",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8916167,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292"
},
{
"display_name": "Image (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67243147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.66312546,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Translation (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149364088",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.64546084,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6416408,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660"
},
{
"display_name": "Consistency (knowledge bases)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776436953",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56107104,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215"
},
{
"display_name": "Adversarial system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C37736160",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5284759,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315"
},
{
"display_name": "Domain (mathematical analysis)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36503486",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5147548,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50757205,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Object (grammar)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50593036,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48675966,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer graphics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77660652",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4749218,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3331256,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
}
] |
Image-to-image translation is a class of vision and graphics problems where the goal is to learn the mapping between an input image and an output image using a training set of aligned image pairs. However, for many tasks, paired training data will not be available. We present an approach for learning to translate an image from a source domain X to a target domain Y in the absence of paired examples. Our goal is to learn a mapping G : X → Y such that the distribution of images from G(X) is indistinguishable from the distribution Y using an adversarial loss. Because this mapping is highly under-constrained, we couple it with an inverse mapping F : Y → X and introduce a cycle consistency loss to push F(G(X)) ≈ X (and vice versa). Qualitative results are presented on several tasks where paired training data does not exist, including collection style transfer, object transfiguration, season transfer, photo enhancement, etc. Quantitative comparisons against several prior methods demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2017.632
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Image-to-Image Translation with Conditional Adversarial Networks
|
[
{
"display_name": "Adversarial system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C37736160",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8310868,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315"
},
{
"display_name": "Image translation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779757391",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.82991016,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292"
},
{
"display_name": "Image (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74545085,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.74520886,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Translation (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149364088",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.72610956,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5868022,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660"
},
{
"display_name": "Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162307627",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5731253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833"
},
{
"display_name": "Function (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14036430",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5398779,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4740058,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47378585,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
}
] |
We investigate conditional adversarial networks as a general-purpose solution to image-to-image translation problems. These networks not only learn the mapping from input image to output image, but also learn a loss function to train this mapping. This makes it possible to apply the same generic approach to problems that traditionally would require very different loss formulations. We demonstrate that this approach is effective at synthesizing photos from label maps, reconstructing objects from edge maps, and colorizing images, among other tasks. Moreover, since the release of the pi×2pi× software associated with this paper, hundreds of twitter users have posted their own artistic experiments using our system. As a community, we no longer hand-engineer our mapping functions, and this work suggests we can achieve reasonable results without handengineering our loss functions either.
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00986
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C66322947",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.70966995,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658"
},
{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C89600930",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53266704,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946"
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{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5039403,
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C45374587",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47424808,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525"
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{
"display_name": "Pixel",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C160633673",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4375456,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198"
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{
"display_name": "Architecture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123657996",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41989022,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271"
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{
"display_name": "Image segmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124504099",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41790587,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933"
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{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4067193,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
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] |
This paper presents a new vision Transformer, called Swin Transformer, that capably serves as a general-purpose backbone for computer vision. Challenges in adapting Transformer from language to vision arise from differences between the two domains, such as large variations in the scale of visual entities and the high resolution of pixels in images compared to words in text. To address these differences, we propose a hierarchical Transformer whose representation is computed with Shifted windows. The shifted windowing scheme brings greater efficiency by limiting self-attention computation to non-overlapping local windows while also allowing for cross-window connection. This hierarchical architecture has the flexibility to model at various scales and has linear computational complexity with respect to image size. These qualities of Swin Transformer make it compatible with a broad range of vision tasks, including image classification (87.3 top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K) and dense prediction tasks such as object detection (58.7 box AP and 51.1 mask AP on COCO test-dev) and semantic segmentation (53.5 mIoU on ADE20K val). Its performance surpasses the previous state-of-the-art by a large margin of +2.7 box AP and +2.6 mask AP on COCO, and +3.2 mIoU on ADE20K, demonstrating the potential of Transformer-based models as vision backbones. The hierarchical design and the shifted window approach also prove beneficial for all-MLP architectures. The code and models are publicly available at https://github.com/microsoft/Swin-Transformer.
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1109/34.868688
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Normalized cuts and image segmentation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.7304001,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660"
},
{
"display_name": "Image segmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124504099",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7122476,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933"
},
{
"display_name": "Segmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89600930",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61345977,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59504795,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
},
{
"display_name": "Segmentation-based object categorization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C25694479",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.53174347,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7446278"
},
{
"display_name": "Market segmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C125308379",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50235844,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363057"
},
{
"display_name": "Scale-space segmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C65885262",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.49163276,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4843746,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
},
{
"display_name": "Range segmentation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67561299",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.475744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7292710"
},
{
"display_name": "Graph",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C132525143",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46934593,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4610073,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Image (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115961682",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4529147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623"
},
{
"display_name": "Similarity (geometry)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C103278499",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42290238,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.42013323,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395"
},
{
"display_name": "Image texture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C63099799",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.4112935,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147001"
}
] |
We propose a novel approach for solving the perceptual grouping problem in vision. Rather than focusing on local features and their consistencies in the image data, our approach aims at extracting the global impression of an image. We treat image segmentation as a graph partitioning problem and propose a novel global criterion, the normalized cut, for segmenting the graph. The normalized cut criterion measures both the total dissimilarity between the different groups as well as the total similarity within the groups. We show that an efficient computational technique based on a generalized eigenvalue problem can be used to optimize this criterion. We applied this approach to segmenting static images, as well as motion sequences, and found the results to be very encouraging.
|
C31972630
|
Computer vision
|
https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.71
|
computerized information extraction from images
|
Eigenfaces for Recognition
|
[
{
"display_name": "Eigenface",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104906051",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.9660446,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29695"
},
{
"display_name": "Face (sociological concept)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779304628",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74810505,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480"
},
{
"display_name": "Facial recognition system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31510193",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7205285,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553"
},
{
"display_name": "Projection (relational algebra)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57493831",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6785221,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial intelligence",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154945302",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6733811,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6462786,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.63742495,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Pattern recognition (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153180895",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6117893,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389"
},
{
"display_name": "Feature (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5043131,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496"
},
{
"display_name": "Artificial neural network",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50644808",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4195481,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776"
},
{
"display_name": "Principal (computer security)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144559511",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4187069,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer vision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31972630",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40639025,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240"
},
{
"display_name": "Machine learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32455373,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539"
}
] |
We have developed a near-real-time computer system that can locate and track a subject's head, and then recognize the person by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals. The computational approach taken in this system is motivated by both physiology and information theory, as well as by the practical requirements of near-real-time performance and accuracy. Our approach treats the face recognition problem as an intrinsically two-dimensional (2-D) recognition problem rather than requiring recovery of three-dimensional geometry, taking advantage of the fact that faces are normally upright and thus may be described by a small set of 2-D characteristic views. The system functions by projecting face images onto a feature space that spans the significant variations among known face images. The significant features are known as "eigenfaces," because they are the eigenvectors (principal components) of the set of faces; they do not necessarily correspond to features such as eyes, ears, and noses. The projection operation characterizes an individual face by a weighted sum of the eigenface features, and so to recognize a particular face it is necessary only to compare these weights to those of known individuals. Some particular advantages of our approach are that it provides for the ability to learn and later recognize new faces in an unsupervised manner, and that it is easy to implement using a neural network architecture.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-3192
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
What do pictures want?: the lives and loves of images
|
[
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5061082,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.47533894,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40633345,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
}
] |
What Do Pictures Want?The Lives and Loves of Images is still relevant today as we live in an age where images are ubiquitous and play an increasingly important role in our lives.The ideas of the book have influenced fields such as visual studies, art history, media studies, and cultural studies, and have been influential in shaping our understanding of the role of images in contemporary culture.It offers a compelling and thought-provoking examination of the relationship between images and viewers, and of how images influence our perception of the world around us.Mitchell's work continues to inspire new research and reflection on the power of images and their relationship to the human experience.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg7879
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
ChatGPT is fun, but not an author
|
[
{
"display_name": "Character (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780861071",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.73611504,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934"
},
{
"display_name": "Conversation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777200299",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59304065,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943"
},
{
"display_name": "Entertainment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512170562",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55880034,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799"
},
{
"display_name": "Generative grammar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39890363",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5223754,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108"
},
{
"display_name": "Feature (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44996896,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496"
},
{
"display_name": "Queen (butterfly)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781321516",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42415553,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310836"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42354417,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38523304,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Media studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29595303",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3360076,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3209113,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
}
] |
In less than 2 months, the artificial intelligence (AI) program ChatGPT has become a cultural sensation. It is freely accessible through a web portal created by the tool's developer, OpenAI. The program-which automatically creates text based on written prompts-is so popular that it's likely to be "at capacity right now" if you attempt to use it. When you do get through, ChatGPT provides endless entertainment. I asked it to rewrite the first scene of the classic American play Death of a Salesman, but to feature Princess Elsa from the animated movie Frozen as the main character instead of Willy Loman. The output was an amusing conversation in which Elsa-who has come home from a tough day of selling-is told by her son Happy, "Come on, Mom. You're Elsa from Frozen. You have ice powers and you're a queen. You're unstoppable." Mash-ups like this are certainly fun, but there are serious implications for generative AI programs like ChatGPT in science and academia.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27700-1
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
Speech, Music, Sound
|
[
{
"display_name": "Soundscape",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142795923",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.814795,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1358257"
},
{
"display_name": "Piano",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124086623",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.60085434,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5994"
},
{
"display_name": "Popular music",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114611597",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.54575294,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373342"
},
{
"display_name": "Animation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502989409",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5452604,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425"
},
{
"display_name": "Sound (geography)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203718221",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53503555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.49375662,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47375327,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Bass (fish)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777182073",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46829572,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224135"
},
{
"display_name": "Rhythm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C135343436",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46685392,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406"
},
{
"display_name": "Music",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C535889608",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46149692,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638"
},
{
"display_name": "Meaning (existential)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4376721,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749"
},
{
"display_name": "Acoustics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24890656",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35397345,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3344434,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242"
}
] |
<JATS1:p>This book explores what speech, music and other sounds have in common. It gives a detailed description of the way perspective, rhythm, textual quality and other aspects of sound are used to communicate emotion and meaning. It draws on a wealth of examples from radio (disk jockey and newsreading speech, radio plays, advertising jingles, news signature tunes), film soundtracks (The Piano, The X-files, Disney animation films), music ranging from medieval plain chant to drum 'n' bass and everyday soundscapes.</JATS1:p>
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198165897.001.0001
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
Analysing Musical Multimedia
|
[
{
"display_name": "Musical",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C558565934",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8015676,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743"
},
{
"display_name": "Terminology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C547195049",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62272555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664"
},
{
"display_name": "Multimedia",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49774154",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5920027,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765"
},
{
"display_name": "Meaning (existential)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5576757,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749"
},
{
"display_name": "Opera",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530479602",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5146759,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344"
},
{
"display_name": "Dance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147446459",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49440813,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11639"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4921836,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4304536,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.37295407,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
}
] |
Abstract Analysing Musical Multimedia is the first book to put forward a general theory of the manner in which different media - music, words, moving picture, and dance - work together to create multimedia. Though generally associated with contemporary developments, in particular music video and film, a general theory of musical multimedia also encompasses traditional genres such as song and opera. Critical writing in these areas, however, is genre-specific; this book seeks to establish principles, and a terminology for their description, that apply across the whole spectrum of musical multimedia. Beginning with a study of the way in which meaning is mediated in television commercials, Cook concludes with in-depth readings of Disney's Fantasia, Madonna's video Material Girl, and Armide (Godard's sequence from the collaborative film Aria). Analysing Musical Multimedia not only shows how approaches deriving from music theory can contribute to the understanding of multimedia, but also seeks to draw conclusions from the practice and further development of musical analysis.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.39-4049
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
Raw histories: photographs, anthropology and museums
|
[
{
"display_name": "Colonialism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C531593650",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62492365,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158071213",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.61027247,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257"
},
{
"display_name": "Object (grammar)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781238097",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6027587,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026"
},
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56574416,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4976602,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48421,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Photography",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C119657128",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46657002,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633"
},
{
"display_name": "Resistance (ecology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57473165",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4501741,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315604"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.44365597,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Space (punctuation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778572836",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4143438,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.41046432,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40379736,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Anthropology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19165224",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37282246,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404"
}
] |
Raw Histories is concerned with historical photographs in anthropology. Rather than seeing them merely as ideologically formulated products of colonial gaze and appropriative desire, it explores photographs as cultural objects which inscribe multiple and contested histories in cross-cultural environments, including those of complex and unstable colonial relations. The book argues throughout that photographs are not merely ‘of things’ but are part of this dynamic and fluid historical dialogue. Such a strategy allows alternative historical voices, counter-narratives and strategies to emerge. Taking the nature of photography itself as the starting point, the book was the first to employ the concepts of ‘social life’, ‘biography’, ‘material culture’ and ‘performance’ to historical cross-cultural photographs. Such an approach facilitates a clearer understanding of both the multi-layered and intersecting demands placed on photographs over space and time. The title of the book reflects these fluidities: photographs are ‘raw’, it is argued, in that they have an uncontainability, resistance and unknowability, and ‘raw’ because the histories brought into focus by such an approach are sometimes uncomfortable, painful and rub against the grain.
Divided into three sections ‘Notes from the Archive’, ‘Historical Inscriptions’ and ‘Reworkings’, these key theoretical strands are explored through a series of case studies, based on detailed and original archival and institutional research. They range from the making of ‘the archive’ as a cultural object, through re-workings of colonial images from the Pacific, to the way the dynamics of the photographs and the issues around them have been engaged with by contemporary artists and curators.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055074
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
Designing the spectator experience
|
[
{
"display_name": "Performing arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C163286209",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.89484274,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184485"
},
{
"display_name": "Exhibition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C37531588",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.85145736,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464980"
},
{
"display_name": "Human–computer interaction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107457646",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.52438325,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47746944,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46704593,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.43437344,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.33792287,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.32098073,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
}
] |
Interaction is increasingly a public affair, taking place in our theatres, galleries, museums, exhibitions and on the city streets. This raises a new design challenge for HCI - how should spectators experience a performer's interaction with a computer? We classify public interfaces (including examples from art, performance and exhibition design) according to the extent to which a performer's manipulations of an interface and their resulting effects are hidden, partially revealed, fully revealed or even amplified for spectators. Our taxonomy uncovers four broad design strategies: 'secretive,' where manipulations and effects are largely hidden; 'expressive,' where they tend to be revealed enabling the spectator to fully appreciate the performer's interaction; 'magical,' where effects are revealed but the manipulations that caused them are hidden; and finally 'suspenseful,' where manipulations are apparent but effects are only revealed as the spectator takes their turn.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--27410
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
Invent To Learn: Making, Tinkering and Engineering in the Classroom
|
[
{
"display_name": "Craft",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779732396",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7861017,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207288"
},
{
"display_name": "Logo (programming language)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778720087",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5794171,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201436"
},
{
"display_name": "Reading (process)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C554936623",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56746876,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657"
},
{
"display_name": "Sign (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139676723",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45748013,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832"
},
{
"display_name": "Natural (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776608160",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4494804,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462"
},
{
"display_name": "Curriculum",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47177190",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44691592,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43750924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Movement (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780226923",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4319424,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.39383298,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.37989455,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.32486928,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
}
] |
Join the maker movement! There's a technological and creative revolution underway. Amazing new tools, materials and skills turn us all into Great connection to 20th century education has never been greater thanks how. If you will run on the, pressure is to help students and industrial design. The maker philosophy and a stance toward learning by the natural tinkererstheir seminal learning. The plunge and engineering gary stager profile a more than rant against the art. Learning what we need brings engineering in a glorious. Gary stager clearly articulated after, reading invent. This book is a science while school activities using technology. Architects are artists in this book disguised as well fortunately. Architects are approximately midnight pacific time the perfect book. Video capture sign up effective digital age learning and stager profile a mini maker. I started back in the movement aesthetics tradition. For educators with an exciting story at every classroom can become learners. Craftsmen deal in academic pursuits or customize the craft of finest scientists. Black friday november the dog gone transformation. The direct experience with materials using, technology such divisions. If you to the national curriculum, designed learn is essential. The logo a high and toolboxes with your library. Craftsmen deal in many category availabe for our students if you. I am honored to get there is the finest scientists? At the best traditions of logo programming become integral to learn is a long learners.
|
C153349607
|
Visual arts
|
https://doi.org/10.33137/rr.v11i2.13693
|
art form which creates works that are primarily visual in nature
|
Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy
|
[
{
"display_name": "Fifteenth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781119825",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.97296786,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2163436"
},
{
"display_name": "Painting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205783811",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.80511945,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.61621004,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
},
{
"display_name": "Visual arts",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153349607",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4224495,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649"
},
{
"display_name": "Art history",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C52119013",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36526364,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637"
}
] |
The purpose of this concise and tightly written book is to show "how the style of pictures is a proper material of social history."Mr. Baxandall's argument is this.Believing that the symbolic structures used by a society at any given moment are reflected in all the modes of expression that appear in that society, Mr. Baxandall is concerned to show how our understanding of painting-which in the Renaissance was an obviously import- ant expressive language-can be enriched by reference to material derived from other areas of activity.And it is a highly rewarding investigation.He begins with an account of the forms of patronage recorded in the fifteenth century, these being, in his words, the customer's participation in the creation of the work of art.And he concludes with an interpretation of the critical terms to be found in three some- what different late fifteenth-century texts on art-the Trattato di pittura (1 509) of Francesco Lancilotti, the Cronaca rimata (after 1482) of Giovanni Santi, the father of Raphael, and, most importantly, those parts of the Comento . . .sopra la cojnedia di
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1712886
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
General Theory of Three-Dimensional Consolidation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Consolidation (business)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776014549",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.897405,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847"
},
{
"display_name": "Porous medium",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105569014",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46525106,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271208"
},
{
"display_name": "Calculus (dental)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777686260",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46523872,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037"
},
{
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4372384,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
},
{
"display_name": "Human settlement",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C16678853",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4362017,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486972"
},
{
"display_name": "Soil water",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159750122",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41559866,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematical model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C76969082",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4127264,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902"
},
{
"display_name": "Applied mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C28826006",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3833074,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.37288648,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3583349,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395"
},
{
"display_name": "Porosity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6648577",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.35000104,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669"
}
] |
The settlement of soils under load is caused by a phenomenon called consolidation, whose mechanism is known to be in many cases identical with the process of squeezing water out of an elastic porous medium. The mathematical physical consequences of this viewpoint are established in the present paper. The number of physical constants necessary to determine the properties of the soil is derived along with the general equations for the prediction of settlements and stresses in three-dimensional problems. Simple applications are treated as examples. The operational calculus is shown to be a powerful method of solution of consolidation problems.
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6505-7.ch001
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering
|
[
{
"display_name": "Weathering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40724407",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6495315,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179177"
},
{
"display_name": "Foundation (evidence)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780966255",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57945734,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306"
},
{
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5395896,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
},
{
"display_name": "Civil engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147176958",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5390166,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590"
},
{
"display_name": "Subdivision",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143392562",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.522842,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449111"
},
{
"display_name": "Geotechnical investigation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C93011207",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51827043,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066351"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4363863,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023"
},
{
"display_name": "Foundation engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C31110397",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4249083,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191360"
},
{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3765161,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069"
}
] |
Geotechnical Engineering is a branch of Civil Engineering that deals with soil both as a foundation material upon which all types of structures rest and with soil as a structural material. This chapter traces the genesis of Geotechnical Engineering and its development, practice, and importance as a subdivision of Civil Engineering. The chapter further explains the nature, origin, and types of soils, weathering and its agents, and factors affecting it with particular emphasis on tropical weathering and laterization and ends with a brief discussion of soil maps and geotechnical mapping of project sites. The type of maps that may be prepared for engineering or environmental purposes are many and varied and can be categorized on the basis of purpose, content, and scale.
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.2118/1863-a
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
Electrical Conductivities in Oil-Bearing Shaly Sands
|
[
{
"display_name": "Electrical resistivity and conductivity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C69990965",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.77526116,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698"
},
{
"display_name": "Oil shale",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C153127940",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7213259,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221378"
},
{
"display_name": "Porosity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6648577",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61490744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669"
},
{
"display_name": "Water saturation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992996259",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6050607,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499"
},
{
"display_name": "Saturation (graph theory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C9930424",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5974221,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587"
},
{
"display_name": "Borehole",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150560799",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5352633,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502102"
},
{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5150571,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069"
},
{
"display_name": "Mineralogy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199289684",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48655906,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353"
},
{
"display_name": "Soil science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159390177",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48467377,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265"
},
{
"display_name": "Cation-exchange capacity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197484155",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4815655,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898477"
},
{
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4514526,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
},
{
"display_name": "Oil sands",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C131779963",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44457254,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297322"
},
{
"display_name": "Permeability (electromagnetism)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120882062",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4272525,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352"
},
{
"display_name": "Petroleum engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78762247",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39373782,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174"
}
] |
ABSTRACT A simple physical model was used to develop an equation that relates the electrical conductivity of a water-saturated shaly sand to the water conductivity and the cation- exchange capacity per unit pore volume of the rock. This equation fits both the experimental data of Hill and Milburn and data obtained recently on selected shaly sands with a wide range of cation-exchange capacities. This model was extended to cases where both oil and water are present in the shaly sand. This results in an additional expression, relating the resistivity ratio to water saturation, water conductivity and cation-exchange capacity per unit pore volume. The effect of shale content on the resistivity index- water saturation function is demonstrated by several numerical examples. INTRODUCTION A principal aim of well logging is to provide quantitative information concerning porosity and oil saturation of the permeable formations penetrated by the borehole. For clean sands, the relationships between measured physical quantities and porosity or saturation are well known. However, the presence of clay minerals greatly complicates log interpretation, particularly the electrical resistivity and SP logs, and considerably affects evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing formations. The conductance and electrochemical behavior of shaly sands and their relation to log interpretation have been studied by many workers. Wyllie and Lynch reviewed this work in some detail. Virtually all laboratory measurements of electrical resistivity and electrochemical potential of shaly sands published to date are the work of Hill and Milburn.
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.1029/95jb01460
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments
|
[
{
"display_name": "Lithosphere",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C16942324",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7863193,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83296"
},
{
"display_name": "Brittleness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136478896",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.71107125,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288"
},
{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.694435,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069"
},
{
"display_name": "Deformation (meteorology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204366326",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.65607125,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650"
},
{
"display_name": "Creep",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149912024",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5789283,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188"
},
{
"display_name": "Flow (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C38349280",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50758827,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290"
},
{
"display_name": "Stress (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C21036866",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48796386,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767"
},
{
"display_name": "Constitutive equation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C202973686",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47910598,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937401"
},
{
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45937502,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
},
{
"display_name": "Fracture (geology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43369102",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43125224,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57879066",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3804525,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217"
}
] |
The concept of strength envelopes, developed in the 1970s, allowed quantitative predictions of the strength of the lithosphere based on experimentally determined constitutive equations. Initial strength envelopes used an empirical relation for frictional sliding to describe deformation along brittle faults in the upper portion of the lithosphere and power law creep equations to estimate the plastic flow strength of rocks in the deeper part of the lithosphere. In the intervening decades, substantial progress has been made both in understanding the physical mechanisms involved in lithospheric deformation and in refining constitutive equations that describe these processes. The importance of a regime of semibrittle behavior is now recognized. Based on data from rocks without added pore fluids, the transition from brittle deformation to semibrittle flow can be estimated as the point at which the brittle fracture strength equals the peak stress to cause sliding. The transition from semibrittle deformation to plastic flow can be approximated as the stress at which the pressure exceeds the plastic flow strength. Current estimates of these stresses are on the order of a few hundred megapascals for relatively dry rocks. Knowledge of the stability of sliding along faults and of the onset of localization during brittle fracture has improved considerably. If the depth to the bottom of the seismogenic zone is determined by the transition to the stable frictional sliding regime, then that depth will be considerably more shallow than the depth of the transition to the plastic flow regime. Major questions concerning the strength of rocks remain. In particular, the effect of water on strength is critical to accurate predictions. Constitutive equations which include the effects of water fugacity and pore fluid pressure as well as temperature and strain rate are needed for both the brittle sliding and semibrittle flow regimes. Although the constitutive equations for dislocation creep and diffusional creep in single-phase aggregates are more robust, few data exist for plastic deformation in two-phase aggregates. Despite the fact that localization is ubiquitous in rocks deforming both in brittle and plastic regimes, only a limited amount of accurate experimental data are available to constrain predictions of this behavior. Accordingly, flow strengths now predicted from laboratory data probably overestimate the actual rock strength, perhaps by a significant amount. Still, the predictions are robust enough that uncertainties in geometry, mineralogy, loading conditions and thermodynamic state are probably the limiting factors in our understanding. Thus, experimentally determined rheologies can be applied to understand a broad range of topical problems in regional and global tectonics both on the Earth and on other planetary bodies.
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.2118/89-pa
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
Widths of Hydraulic Fractures
|
[
{
"display_name": "Hydraulic fracturing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779096232",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6821268,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890794"
},
{
"display_name": "Mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57879066",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5906545,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217"
},
{
"display_name": "Fracture (geology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43369102",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55643207,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625"
},
{
"display_name": "Pressure drop",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C114088122",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55279833,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069"
},
{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5153355,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069"
},
{
"display_name": "Drop (telecommunication)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781345722",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5115293,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388"
},
{
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4916473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
},
{
"display_name": "Comminution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780952559",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48997775,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191671"
},
{
"display_name": "Brittleness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136478896",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48897994,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288"
},
{
"display_name": "Brittle fracture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2988439775",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4620025,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5120022"
},
{
"display_name": "Fracture mechanics",
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"level": 2,
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957852"
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"display_name": "Fluid dynamics",
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] |
Abstract A study of fluid mechanics, rupture of brittle materials and the theory of elastic deformation of rocks shows that, for a given formation, crack width is essentially controlled by fluid pressure drop in the fracture. Operating conditions which cause high pressure drop along the crack (such as high injection rate and viscous fluids) will result in relatively wide cracks. Conversely, operating conditions which cause low pressure drop (low injection rates and thin fluids) will result in relatively narrow cracks. Charts and equations have been derived which permit the estimation of fracture widths for a variety of flow conditions and for both horizontal and vertical fractures. Introduction There has been considerable speculation concerning the geometry of hydraulically created fractures in the earth's crust. One of the questions of practical importance is the width of fractures under dynamic conditions, i.e., while the fracture is being created and extended. Such width information could be used, for instance, to help estimate the area of a fracture generated under various conditions. Also, there has been a recent trend toward the use of large propping particles. Therefore is desirable to know what factors can be varied in order to assure entry of the large particles into the fracture. There has been some work on fracture widths reported in the literature. In particular, there have been several Russian publications dealing with this subject. These papers have dealt principally with the elastic theory and the application of this theory to hydraulic fractures. These studies have not led to an engineering method for estimating fracture widths under dynamic conditions. A recent papers has reviewed and summarized the Russian concepts. An earlier paper from our laboratories also discussed the application of the elastic theory to hydraulic fractures. This first approach, based largely on photoelastic studies, has proved to be too simplified to accurately describe the fracturing process. However, these early thoughts have served as a guide during the development of more exact concepts. We would like to present in this paper our current concepts regarding fracture widths and some estimates of hydraulic fracture widths for several conditions. We believe that it is now possible to predict with fair accuracy the factors influencing fracture widths. Furthermore, the method of prediction has been reduced to a simple and convenient graphical or numerical calculation. CRACKS IN A BRITTLE, ELASTIC MATERIAL Many investigators have shown that competent rocks behave elastically over some range of stresses. Of course, if the tensile stress imposed upon a rock exceeds some limiting value, then the rock will fail in tension. In similar manner, there are some limiting shear stresses that can be imposed upon rocks. Hubbert and Willis have discussed the shear conditions which will lead to failure. Under moderate stress conditions (such as those likely to be encountered when hydraulically fracturing) and when stresses are rapidly applied, relatively, most rocks will fail in a brittle manner. Hence, for this discussion of hydraulic fractures in the earth's crust, we assume the rocks behave as brittle, elastic materials. Let us develop the discussion in the following way. (The following thoughts are applicable only to brittle materials.)First we consider a brittle, elastic system. An energy balance will show the minimum pressure necessary to fracture rock, and from this pressure we calculate the minimum crack width resulting from extension of a hydraulic fracture.Then we will show that, under ordinary fracturing conditions, fracture widths are appreciably greater than the minimum widths of extending fractures. In fact, we will find that crack width is controlled by fluid pressure drop in the fracture.We will discuss pressure drops in fractures and resulting crack widths for various operating conditions and both vertical and horizontal fractures.Finally, we will discuss the significance of these concepts, their relationship to fracturing pressures. etc. First, consider minimum fracture extension pressures. We can shed some light on this question by considering the theory proposed by Griffith to explain the rupture of brittle, elastic materials. Griffith recognized that solid materials exhibit a surface energy (similar to surface tension in a liquid). JPT P. 937^
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.2118/2458-pa
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
A Rapid Method of Predicting Width and Extent of Hydraulically Induced Fractures
|
[
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"display_name": "Hydraulic fracturing",
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"level": 1,
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
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{
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{
"display_name": "Well stimulation",
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"level": 4,
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"level": 0,
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{
"display_name": "Flow (mathematics)",
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{
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217"
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{
"display_name": "Materials science",
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"level": 0,
"score": 0.30334595,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736"
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] |
With the design charts presented here, and nothing more elaborate than aslide rule, it is possible to predict the dimensions of either a linearly or aradially propagating, hydraulically induced fracture around a wellbore. Introduction During the hydraulic fracturing treatment of an oil or gas well the liquidpressure in the borehole is increased until tensile stress in the surroundingrock exceeds tensile strength. Once a tensile fracture is initiated, it ispenetrated by liquid from the borehole and fracture propagation undercontinuous hydraulic action takes place. The fracturing liquid carries apropping agent to ensure a highly permeable flow propping agent to ensure ahighly permeable flow channel after pressure release. Field results range fromfailure to obtain increased production to outstanding success. In all cases, production to outstanding success. In all cases, however, it unfortunatelyremains uncertain whether the values chosen for the operational parameters, such as injection rate, pumping time and fluid viscosity, were in fact theideal ones. Though experience provides a lead, a more satisfactory way topredict results would seem to be the subject the fracture propagation processto a theoretical analysis that (1) makes the maximum use of the relevantphysical information and (2) so simplifies the resulting calculations that thefield engineer gets practical data that he can handle comfortably. We areattempting here to do this in connection with the prediction of fracture widthand areal extent before pressure release. What remains of the fractureafterwards depends on the distribution of the propping agent between thefracture walls, and that is a propping agent between the fracture walls, andthat is a separate story. Idealization of the Problem To keep the problem tractable, a number of simplifying assumptions have hadto be made:The formation is homogeneous and isotropic as regards those ofits properties that influence the fracture-propagation process.Thedeformations of the formation during fracture propagation can be derived fromlinear elastic stress-strain relations.The fracturing fluid behaves like apurely viscous liquid; i.e., any peculiar flow behavior due to the addition ofgelling agents or other additives is neglected. Moreover, the effect of thepropping agent distribution on the distribution of fluid viscosity in thefracture is not taken into account.Fluid flow in the fracture is everywherelaminar.Simple geometric fracture-extension patterns are assumed - eitherradially symmetrical propagation from a point source (Fig. 1A) or rectilinearpropagation originating from a line source (Fig. 1B). In the first case theperiphery of the fracture is circular, in the second case it is rectangular.A rectilinear propagation mode can be accomplished only by injection over alarge perforated interval, thus forming a line source. Such a rectilinearfracture must therefore be located in the vertical plane. A circularpropagation mode might be expected from injection through propagation modemight be expected from injection through a narrow band of perforations. Thisforms a point source. JPT P. 1571
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.1029/wr018i003p00645
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
Porous media equivalents for networks of discontinuous fractures
|
[
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"level": 3,
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},
{
"display_name": "Porous medium",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105569014",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6728214,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271208"
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{
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C85725439",
"level": 2,
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},
{
"display_name": "Ellipse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C74261601",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6411619,
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{
"display_name": "Geology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.54479736,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069"
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{
"display_name": "Mechanics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C57879066",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5038108,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217"
},
{
"display_name": "Representative elementary volume",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C160635147",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5024657,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7314248"
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{
"display_name": "Porosity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C6648577",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48840493,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669"
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{
"display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130"
},
{
"display_name": "Geometry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2524010",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4486499,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087"
},
{
"display_name": "Fracture (geology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43369102",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4208764,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625"
},
{
"display_name": "Homogeneous",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C66882249",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41669744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336"
},
{
"display_name": "Mineralogy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199289684",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34424084,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353"
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{
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The theory of flow through fractured rock and homogeneous anisotropic porous media is used to determine when a fractured rock behaves as a continuum. A fractured rock can be said to behave like an equivalent porous medium when (1) there is an insignificant change in the value of the equivalent permeability with a small addition or subtraction to the test volume and (2) an equivalent permeability tensor exists which predicts the correct flux when the direction of a constant gradient is changed. Field studies of fracture geometry are reviewed and a realistic, two‐dimensional fracture system model is developed. The shape, size, orientation, and location of fractures in an impermeable matrix are random variables in the model. These variables are randomly distributed according to field data currently available in the literature. The fracture system models are subjected to simulated flow tests. The results of the flow tests are plotted as permeability ‘ellipses.’ The size and shape of these permeability ellipses show that fractured rock does not always behave as a homogeneous, anisotropic porous medium with a symmetric permeability tensor. Fracture systems behave more like porous media when (1) fracture density is increased, (2) apertures are constant rather than distributed, (3) orientations are distributed rather than constant, and (4) larger sample sizes are tested. Preliminary results indicate the use of this new tool, when perfected, will greatly enhance our ability to analyze field data on fractured rock systems. The tool can be used to distinguish between fractured systems which can be treated as porous media and fractured systems which must be treated as a collection of discrete fracture flow paths.
|
C187320778
|
Geotechnical engineering
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470284704
|
scientific study of earth materials in engineering problems; branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials
|
Risk Assessment in Geotechnical Engineering
|
[
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"id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
"level": 1,
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},
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{
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023"
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] |
Preface. Acknowledgements. PART 1: THEORY. Chapter 1: Review of Probability Theory. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Basic Set Theory. 1.3 Probability. 1.4 Conditional Probability. 1.5 Random Variables and Probability Distributions. 1.6 Measures of Central Tendency, Variability, and Association. 1.7 Linear Combinations of Random Variables. 1.8 Functions of Random Variables. 1.9 Common Discrete Probability Distributions. 1.10 Common Continuous Probability Distributions. 1.11 Extreme-Value Distributions. Chapter2: Discrete random Processes. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Discrete-Time, Discrete-State Markov Chains. 2.3 Continuous-Time Markov Chains. 2.4 Queueing Models. Chapter 3: Random Fields. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Covariance Function. 3.3 Spectral Density Function. 3.4 Variance Function. 3.5 Correlation Length. 3.6 Some Common Models. 3.7 Random Fields in Higher Dimensions. Chapter 4: Best Estimates, Excursions, and Averages. 4.1 Best Linear Unbiased Estimation. 4.2 Threshold Excursions in One Dimension. 4.3 Threshold Excursions in Two Dimensions. 4.4 Averages. Chapter 5: Estimation. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Choosing a Distribution. 5.3 Estimation in Presence of Correlation. 5.4 Advanced Estimation Techniques. Chapter 6: Simulation. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Random-Number Generators. 6.3 Generating Nonuniform Random Variables. 6.4 Generating Random Fields. 6.5 Conditional Simulation of Random Fields. 6.6 Monte carlo Simulation. Chapter 7: Reliability-Based Design. 7.1 Acceptable Risk. 7.2 Assessing Risk. 7.3 Background to Design Methodologies. 7.4 Load and Resistance Factor Design. 7.5 Going Beyond Calibration. 7.6 Risk-Based Decision making. PART 2: PRACTICE. Chapter 8: Groundwater Modeling. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Finite-Element Model. 8.3 One-Dimensional Flow. 8.4 Simple Two-Dimensional Flow. 8.5 Two-Dimensional Flow Beneath Water-Retaining Structures. 8.6 Three-Dimensional Flow. 8.7 Three Dimensional Exit Gradient Analysis. Chapter 9: Flow Through Earth Dams. 9.1 Statistics of Flow Through Earth Dams. 9.2 Extreme Hydraulic Gradient Statistics. Chapter 10: Settlement of Shallow Foundations. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Two-Dimensional Probabilistic Foundation Settlement. 10.3 Three-Dimensional Probabilistic Foundation Settlement. 10.4 Strip Footing Risk Assessment. 10.5 Resistance Factors for Shallow-Foundation Settlement Design. Chapter 11: Bearing Capacity. 11.1 Strip Footings on c-o Soils. 11.2 Load and Resistance Factor Design of Shallow Foundations. 11.3 Summary. Chapter 12: Deep Foundations. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Random Finite-Element Method. 12.3 Monte Carlo Estimation of Pile Capacity. 12.4 Summary. Chapter 13: Slope Stability. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis. 13.3 Slope Stability Reliability Model. Chapter 14: Earth Pressure. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Passive Earth Pressures. 14.3 Active Earth Pressures: Retaining Wall Reliability. Chapter 15: Mine Pillar Capacity. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Literature. 15.3 Parametric Studies. 15.4 Probabilistic Interpretation. 15.5 Summary. Chapter 16: Liquefaction. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Model Size: Soil Liquefaction. 16.3 Monte Carlo Analysis and Results. 16.4 Summary PART 3: APPENDIXES. APPENDIX A: PROBABILITY TABLES. A.1 Normal Distribution. A.2 Inverse Student t -Distribution. A.3 Inverse Chi-Square Distribution APPENDIX B: NUMERICAL INTEGRATION. B.1 Gaussian Quadrature. APPENDIX C. COMPUTING VARIANCES AND CONVARIANCES OF LOCAL AVERAGES. C.1 One-Dimensional Case. C.2 Two-Dimensional Case C.3 Three-Dimensional Case. Index.
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199309303291401
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
The Effect of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes on the Development and Progression of Long-Term Complications in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9629593,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Diabetes mellitus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555293320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.89244187,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206"
},
{
"display_name": "Insulin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779306644",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7009606,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370"
},
{
"display_name": "Complication",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81182388",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47194165,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4332519,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
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"level": 1,
"score": 0.42602146,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
Long-term microvascular and neurologic complications cause major morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We examined whether intensive treatment with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations close to the normal range could decrease the frequency and severity of these complications.
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0287
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)
|
[
{
"display_name": "Sepsis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778384902",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8699451,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8337922,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Septic shock",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777628635",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.80111015,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765564"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.70062584,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Organ dysfunction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778426790",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6651277,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649580"
},
{
"display_name": "Systemic inflammatory response syndrome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781090800",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5821649,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q776030"
},
{
"display_name": "SOFA score",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777465075",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52071625,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392039"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107130276",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47134182,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805"
},
{
"display_name": "Shock (circulatory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781300812",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44265932,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061"
},
{
"display_name": "Immunology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203014093",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.31963468,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929"
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] |
<h3>Importance</h3> Definitions of sepsis and septic shock were last revised in 2001. Considerable advances have since been made into the pathobiology (changes in organ function, morphology, cell biology, biochemistry, immunology, and circulation), management, and epidemiology of sepsis, suggesting the need for reexamination. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate and, as needed, update definitions for sepsis and septic shock. <h3>Process</h3> A task force (n = 19) with expertise in sepsis pathobiology, clinical trials, and epidemiology was convened by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Definitions and clinical criteria were generated through meetings, Delphi processes, analysis of electronic health record databases, and voting, followed by circulation to international professional societies, requesting peer review and endorsement (by 31 societies listed in the Acknowledgment). <h3>Key Findings From Evidence Synthesis</h3> Limitations of previous definitions included an excessive focus on inflammation, the misleading model that sepsis follows a continuum through severe sepsis to shock, and inadequate specificity and sensitivity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Multiple definitions and terminologies are currently in use for sepsis, septic shock, and organ dysfunction, leading to discrepancies in reported incidence and observed mortality. The task force concluded the term<i>severe sepsis</i>was redundant. <h3>Recommendations</h3> Sepsis should be defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For clinical operationalization, organ dysfunction can be represented by an increase in the Sequential [Sepsis-related] Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or more, which is associated with an in-hospital mortality greater than 10%. Septic shock should be defined as a subset of sepsis in which particularly profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater risk of mortality than with sepsis alone. Patients with septic shock can be clinically identified by a vasopressor requirement to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or greater and serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L (>18 mg/dL) in the absence of hypovolemia. This combination is associated with hospital mortality rates greater than 40%. In out-of-hospital, emergency department, or general hospital ward settings, adult patients with suspected infection can be rapidly identified as being more likely to have poor outcomes typical of sepsis if they have at least 2 of the following clinical criteria that together constitute a new bedside clinical score termed quickSOFA (qSOFA): respiratory rate of 22/min or greater, altered mentation, or systolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or less. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These updated definitions and clinical criteria should replace previous definitions, offer greater consistency for epidemiologic studies and clinical trials, and facilitate earlier recognition and more timely management of patients with sepsis or at risk of developing sepsis.
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure
|
[
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"level": 0,
"score": 0.98586977,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Heart failure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778198053",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7099882,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5764225,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164705383",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36861742,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3245577,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00034805
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
Standardisation of spirometry
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.96148235,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Spirometry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780333948",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8583734,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4272371,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19527891",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32700706,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908"
}
] | |
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa011300
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9633589,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Critically ill",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2991859549",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.87503815,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Insulin",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779306644",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6892835,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370"
},
{
"display_name": "Insulin resistance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777391703",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.66663074,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.65554684,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Diabetes mellitus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555293320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5583002,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206"
},
{
"display_name": "Critical illness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2993568657",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47403005,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.31081265,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patients, even if they have not previously had diabetes. Whether the normalization of blood glucose levels with insulin therapy improves the prognosis for such patients is not known.
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa010307
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
Early Goal-Directed Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.894831,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Early goal-directed therapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780921292",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.88391274,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277518"
},
{
"display_name": "Septic shock",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777628635",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.79724884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765564"
},
{
"display_name": "Preload",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48277249",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.77693546,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406926"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.640092,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Afterload",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123576724",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6360174,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1299082"
},
{
"display_name": "Sepsis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778384902",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.63208944,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care unit",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776376669",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5926615,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647"
},
{
"display_name": "Shock (circulatory)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781300812",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48895943,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061"
},
{
"display_name": "Contractility",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39133596",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48272082,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165683"
}
] |
Goal-directed therapy has been used for severe sepsis and septic shock in the intensive care unit. This approach involves adjustments of cardiac preload, afterload, and contractility to balance oxygen delivery with oxygen demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early goal-directed therapy before admission to the intensive care unit.
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e31827e83af
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
Surviving Sepsis Campaign
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.954495,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Sepsis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778384902",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6169773,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.48504323,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
}
] |
To provide an update to the "Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock," last published in 2008.A consensus committee of 68 international experts representing 30 international organizations was convened. Nominal groups were assembled at key international meetings (for those committee members attending the conference). A formal conflict of interest policy was developed at the onset of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independent of any industry funding. A stand-alone meeting was held for all subgroup heads, co- and vice-chairs, and selected individuals. Teleconferences and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee served as an integral part of the development.The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence from high (A) to very low (D) and to determine the strength of recommendations as strong (1) or weak (2). The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. Some recommendations were ungraded (UG). Recommendations were classified into three groups: 1) those directly targeting severe sepsis; 2) those targeting general care of the critically ill patient and considered high priority in severe sepsis; and 3) pediatric considerations.Key recommendations and suggestions, listed by category, include: early quantitative resuscitation of the septic patient during the first 6 hrs after recognition (1C); blood cultures before antibiotic therapy (1C); imaging studies performed promptly to confirm a potential source of infection (UG); administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials therapy within 1 hr of recognition of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock (1C) as the goal of therapy; reassessment of antimicrobial therapy daily for de-escalation, when appropriate (1B); infection source control with attention to the balance of risks and benefits of the chosen method within 12 hrs of diagnosis (1C); initial fluid resuscitation with crystalloid (1B) and consideration of the addition of albumin in patients who continue to require substantial amounts of crystalloid to maintain adequate mean arterial pressure (2C) and the avoidance of hetastarch formulations (1C); initial fluid challenge in patients with sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion and suspicion of hypovolemia to achieve a minimum of 30 mL/kg of crystalloids (more rapid administration and greater amounts of fluid may be needed in some patients) (1C); fluid challenge technique continued as long as hemodynamic improvement, as based on either dynamic or static variables (UG); norepinephrine as the first-choice vasopressor to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥ 65 mm Hg (1B); epinephrine when an additional agent is needed to maintain adequate blood pressure (2B); vasopressin (0.03 U/min) can be added to norepinephrine to either raise mean arterial pressure to target or to decrease norepinephrine dose but should not be used as the initial vasopressor (UG); dopamine is not recommended except in highly selected circumstances (2C); dobutamine infusion administered or added to vasopressor in the presence of a) myocardial dysfunction as suggested by elevated cardiac filling pressures and low cardiac output, or b) ongoing signs of hypoperfusion despite achieving adequate intravascular volume and adequate mean arterial pressure (1C); avoiding use of intravenous hydrocortisone in adult septic shock patients if adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy are able to restore hemodynamic stability (2C); hemoglobin target of 7-9 g/dL in the absence of tissue hypoperfusion, ischemic coronary artery disease, or acute hemorrhage (1B); low tidal volume (1A) and limitation of inspiratory plateau pressure (1B) for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); application of at least a minimal amount of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in ARDS (1B); higher rather than lower level of PEEP for patients with sepsis-induced moderate or severe ARDS (2C); recruitment maneuvers in sepsis patients with severe refractory hypoxemia due to ARDS (2C); prone positioning in sepsis-induced ARDS patients with a PaO2/FIO2 ratio of ≤ 100 mm Hg in facilities that have experience with such practices (2C); head-of-bed elevation in mechanically ventilated patients unless contraindicated (1B); a conservative fluid strategy for patients with established ARDS who do not have evidence of tissue hypoperfusion (1C); protocols for weaning and sedation (1A); minimizing use of either intermittent bolus sedation or continuous infusion sedation targeting specific titration endpoints (1B); avoidance of neuromuscular blockers if possible in the septic patient without ARDS (1C); a short course of neuromuscular blocker (no longer than 48 hrs) for patients with early ARDS and a Pao2/Fio2 < 150 mm Hg (2C); a protocolized approach to blood glucose management commencing insulin dosing when two consecutive blood glucose levels are > 180 mg/dL, targeting an upper blood glucose ≤ 180 mg/dL (1A); equivalency of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration or intermittent hemodialysis (2B); prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (1B); use of stress ulcer prophylaxis to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with bleeding risk factors (1B); oral or enteral (if necessary) feedings, as tolerated, rather than either complete fasting or provision of only intravenous glucose within the first 48 hrs after a diagnosis of severe sepsis/septic shock (2C); and addressing goals of care, including treatment plans and end-of-life planning (as appropriate) (1B), as early as feasible, but within 72 hrs of intensive care unit admission (2C). Recommendations specific to pediatric severe sepsis include: therapy with face mask oxygen, high flow nasal cannula oxygen, or nasopharyngeal continuous PEEP in the presence of respiratory distress and hypoxemia (2C), use of physical examination therapeutic endpoints such as capillary refill (2C); for septic shock associated with hypovolemia, the use of crystalloids or albumin to deliver a bolus of 20 mL/kg of crystalloids (or albumin equivalent) over 5 to 10 mins (2C); more common use of inotropes and vasodilators for low cardiac output septic shock associated with elevated systemic vascular resistance (2C); and use of hydrocortisone only in children with suspected or proven "absolute"' adrenal insufficiency (2C).Strong agreement existed among a large cohort of international experts regarding many level 1 recommendations for the best care of patients with severe sepsis. Although a significant number of aspects of care have relatively weak support, evidence-based recommendations regarding the acute management of sepsis and septic shock are the foundation of improved outcomes for this important group of critically ill patients.
|
C177713679
|
Intensive care medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.176857
|
medical care subspecialty, treating critically ill
|
ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.97788346,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "valvular heart disease",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779736815",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6220778,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130519"
},
{
"display_name": "Disease management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2982889124",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5418942,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107439039"
},
{
"display_name": "Cardiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C164705383",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.515386,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379"
},
{
"display_name": "Disease",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779134260",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5069223,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136"
},
{
"display_name": "Intensive care medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177713679",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47643146,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4532836,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
HomeCirculationVol. 114, No. 5ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease Free AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessReview ArticlePDF/EPUBACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart DiseaseA Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): Developed in Collaboration With the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Robert O. Bonow, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair, Blase A. Carabello, MD, FACC, FAHA, Kanu Chatterjee, MB, FACC, Antonio C. de LeonJr, MD, FACC, FAHA, David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA, Michael D. Freed, MD, FACC, FAHA, William H. Gaasch, MD, FACC, FAHA, Bruce Whitney Lytle, MD, FACC, Rick A. Nishimura, MD, FACC, FAHA, Patrick T. O’Gara, MD, FACC, FAHA, Robert A. O’Rourke, MD, MACC, FAHA, Catherine M. Otto, MD, FACC, FAHA, Pravin M. Shah, MD, MACC, FAHA and Jack S. Shanewise, MD Robert O. BonowRobert O. Bonow Search for more papers by this author , Blase A. CarabelloBlase A. Carabello Search for more papers by this author , Kanu ChatterjeeKanu Chatterjee Search for more papers by this author , Antonio C. de LeonJrAntonio C. de LeonJr Search for more papers by this author , David P. FaxonDavid P. Faxon Search for more papers by this author , Michael D. FreedMichael D. Freed Search for more papers by this author , William H. GaaschWilliam H. Gaasch Search for more papers by this author , Bruce Whitney LytleBruce Whitney Lytle Search for more papers by this author , Rick A. NishimuraRick A. Nishimura Search for more papers by this author , Patrick T. O’GaraPatrick T. O’Gara Search for more papers by this author , Robert A. O’RourkeRobert A. O’Rourke Search for more papers by this author , Catherine M. OttoCatherine M. Otto Search for more papers by this author , Pravin M. ShahPravin M. Shah Search for more papers by this author and Jack S. ShanewiseJack S. Shanewise Search for more papers by this author Originally published1 Aug 2006https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.176857Circulation. 2006;114:e84–e231is corrected byCorrectionCorrection Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Fogel M, Anwar S, Broberg C, Browne L, Chung T, Johnson T, Muthurangu V, Taylor M, Valsangiacomo-Buechel E and Wilhelm C (2022) Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance/European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging/American Society of Echocardiography/Society for Pediatric Radiology/North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pediatric congenital and acquired heart disease, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 10.1186/s12968-022-00843-7, 24:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022. Ko K, Cho I, Kim S, Seong Y, Kim D, Seo J, You S, Shim C, Hong G and Ha J (2022) Identification of Distinct Subgroups in Moderately Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis Using Data‐Driven Phenotyping of Longitudinal Hemodynamic Progression, Journal of the American Heart Association, 11:15, Online publication date: 2-Aug-2022.Fogel M, Anwar S, Broberg C, Browne L, Chung T, Johnson T, Muthurangu V, Taylor M, Valsangiacomo-Buechel E and Wilhelm C (2022) Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance/European Society of Cardiovascular Imaging/American Society of Echocardiography/Society for Pediatric Radiology/North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging Guidelines for the Use of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Pediatric Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease: Endorsed by The American Heart Association, Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 15:6, (e014415), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022. Chew N, Zhang A, Kong G, Lee K, Ng C, Chong B, Ngiam J, Sia C, Loh P, Lim Y, Kuntjoro I, Wong R, Kong W, Yeo T and Poh K (2022) Prognostically Distinct Phenotypes of Metabolic Health Beyond Obesity in Aortic Stenosis, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.05.018, Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022. Chew N, Ho Y, Ngiam J, Kong G, Chin Y, Lim O, Lin C, Sia C, Loh P, Kuntjoro I, Wong R, Kong W, Yeo T and Poh K (2022) Clinical, echocardiographic and prognostic outcomes of patients with concordant and discordant high-gradient aortic stenosis in an Asian cohort, The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 10.1007/s10554-022-02524-z, 38:6, (1351-1360), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022. 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Dandel M and Hetzer R (2022) Severe low-gradient aortic stenosis: impact of inadequate left ventricular responses to high afterload on diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making, Heart Failure Reviews, 10.1007/s10741-022-10240-y Hadziselimovic E, Greve A, Sajadieh A, Olsen M, Kesäniemi Y, Nienaber C, Ray S, Rossebø A, Willenheimer R, Wachtell K and Nielsen O (2022) Association of Annual N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Measurements With Clinical Events in Patients With Asymptomatic Nonsevere Aortic Stenosis, JAMA Cardiology, 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5916, 7:4, (435), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022. Alwan L, Ruge H, Krane M, Prinzing A, Noebauer C, Lange R and Erlebach M (2022) Incidence of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch in Valve-in-Valve with a Supra-Annular Valve, The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon, 10.1055/s-0042-1742755 Chew N, Zhang A, Ong J, Koh S, Kong G, Ho Y, Lim O, Chin Y, Lin C, Djohan A, Kuntjoro I, Kong W, Hon J, Lee C, Chan M, Yeo T, Tan H, Poh K and Loh P (2022) Long-term Prognosis in Patients With Concomitant Acute Coronary Syndrome and Aortic Stenosis, Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.03.010, Online publication date: 1-Mar-2022. Johnson C, Manzur M, Potter H, Ortega A, Ding L, Rowe V, Weaver F, Ziegler K, Han S and Magee G (2022) Impact of Perioperative Blood Transfusion in Anemic Patients Undergoing Infra Inguinal Bypass, Annals of Vascular Surgery, 10.1016/j.avsg.2021.07.014, 79, (72-80), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022. Misfeld M (2022) Mitralklappenchirurgie der letzten 50 JahreMitral valve surgery over the last 50 years, Zeitschrift für Herz-,Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, 10.1007/s00398-021-00477-4, 36:1, (8-18), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022. Shanker Singh A, Singh A, Kumar R and Jana D (2022) EVALUATION OF SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 10.36106/ijar/3213824, (47-49), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022. Ishibashi Y, Takahashi N, Kijima T and Yamagata S (2021) Reduction in Arterial Stiffness after Switching from Pravastatin or Atorvastatin to Fluvastatin, Vascular Failure, 10.30548/vascfail.5.1_23, 5:1, (23-30), Online publication date: 25-Dec-2021. He S, Huynh C, Deng Y, Markan S and Nguyen A Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Pregnancy Complicated by Aortic Valve Vegetation, Aortic Root Abscess, and Aortic Insufficiency, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.20209 Koren O, Israeli A, Rozner E, Darawshy N and Turgeman Y (2021) Clinical and echocardiographic trends in percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 10.1186/s13019-021-01442-w, 16:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021. Stephan T, Thoma E, Rattka M, Felbel D, Buckert D, Rottbauer W, Gonska B and Markovic S (2021) Impact of extent of coronary artery disease and percutaneous revascularization assessed by the SYNTAX score on outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 10.1186/s12872-021-02374-y, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021. Chew N, Phua K, Ho Y, Zhang A, Lin N, Ngiam J, Lau Y, Teo V, Sia C, Loh P, Kuntjoro I, Wong R, Lee C, Tan H, Yeo T, Kong W and Poh K (2021) Prognostic Implications of Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valve Phenotype on Progression of Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Ascending Aorta Dilatation, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.08.050, 161, (76-83), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021. Schoechlin S, Schulz U, Ruile P, Hein M, Eichenlaub M, Jander N, Neumann F and Valina C (2021) Impact of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T on survival and rehospitalization after transcatheter aortic valve replacement , Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions, 10.1002/ccd.29781, 98:6, Online publication date: 15-Nov-2021. 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"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41945684,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4131162,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.39082977,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Alternative medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3462975,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504"
}
] |
Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
|
C512399662
|
Family medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-18
|
medical specialty
|
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
|
[
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9375643,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8997878,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Alternative medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6698988,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5886557,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "Guideline",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780182762",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5884511,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279"
},
{
"display_name": "Statement (logic)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5724772,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591"
},
{
"display_name": "Randomized controlled trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168563851",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48180836,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668"
},
{
"display_name": "Obstetrics and gynaecology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10885799",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47154573,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80015"
},
{
"display_name": "Evidence-based medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19648533",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46907943,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45822155,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C535046627",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4475803,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612"
}
] |
The CONSORT statement is used worldwide to improve the reporting of randomised controlled trials. Kenneth Schulz and colleagues describe the latest version, CONSORT 2010, which updates the reporting guideline based on new methodological evidence and accumulating experience. To encourage dissemination of the CONSORT 2010 Statement, this article is freely accessible on bmj.com and will also be published in the Lancet, Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Open Medicine, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, BMC Medicine, and Trials.
|
C512399662
|
Family medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010
|
medical specialty
|
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
|
[
{
"display_name": "Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779638118",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9398962,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623265"
},
{
"display_name": "Observational study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23131810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.92046595,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7313626,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6708387,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Generalizability theory",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27158222",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.61965245,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422"
},
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50489193,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.50352234,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47229627,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107130276",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46455806,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805"
},
{
"display_name": "Cohort study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C201903717",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44621402,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788"
},
{
"display_name": "Scope (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778012447",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4383219,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415"
},
{
"display_name": "Guideline",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780182762",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43023992,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42247045,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Evidence-based medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19648533",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4152552,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640"
},
{
"display_name": "Alternative medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.35852522,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504"
}
] |
Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover 3 main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors, to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all 3 study designs and 4 are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available at http://www.annals.org and on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
|
C512399662
|
Family medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1593
|
medical specialty
|
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8917093,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Diabetes mellitus",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C555293320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7968347,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47607607,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical care",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3018838755",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45279986,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207"
},
{
"display_name": "Phrase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776224158",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45098293,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43162864,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
}
] |
I write in reference to the recently updated and circulated “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes,” in particular part II, “Screening for Diabetes,” which were recently updated and published in the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2006 Clinical Practice Recommendations (1). I would like to take issue with the use of the phrase “standards of medical care in diabetes,” which is used to …
|
C512399662
|
Family medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19810101)47:1<207::aid-cncr2820470134>3.0.co;2-6
|
medical specialty
|
Reporting results of cancer treatment
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9078579,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Grading (engineering)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777286243",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74269736,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926"
},
{
"display_name": "Standardization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C188087704",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7378745,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47407523,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19527891",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36460787,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908"
}
] |
On the initiative of the World Health Organization, two meetings on the Standardization of Reporting Results of Cancer Treatment have been held with representatives and members of several organizations. Recommendations have been developed for standardized approaches to the recording of baseline data relating to the patient, the tumor, laboratory and radiologic data, the reporting of treatment, grading of acute and subacute toxicity, reporting of response, recurrence and disease-free interval, and reporting results of therapy. These recommendations, already endorsed by a number of organizations, are proposed for international acceptance and use to make it possible for investigators to compare validly their results with those of others.
|
C512399662
|
Family medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013
|
medical specialty
|
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies
|
[
{
"display_name": "Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779638118",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.95494306,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623265"
},
{
"display_name": "Observational study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23131810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9122059,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7640767,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6163986,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Scope (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778012447",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5239368,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4568383,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "Cohort study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C201903717",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45311108,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45301726,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45282373,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Evidence-based medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19648533",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43620756,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43462884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107130276",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42129466,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805"
},
{
"display_name": "Alternative medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.33468586,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504"
}
] |
Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
|
C512399662
|
Family medicine
|
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1909.02550020033007
|
medical specialty
|
A JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
|
[
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.90403605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.50662714,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "Otorhinolaryngology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C108516343",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4780291,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553"
},
{
"display_name": "Sign (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139676723",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41459492,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychiatry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C118552586",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33400136,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867"
}
] |
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|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.2307/2393257
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43504226,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.39976153,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38145155,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.35844338,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Knowledge management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34411448,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060"
}
] |
Despite calls for better co-operation between countries and different cultures, there is still confrontation between people, groups and nations. But at the same time they are exposed to common problems which demand cooperation for the solution of these problems. This book helps to understand the differences in the way strategists and their followers think, offering practical solutions for those in business to help solve conflict between different groups.
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Conversation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777200299",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.96099186,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943"
},
{
"display_name": "Turn-taking",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776352735",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6295473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2313343"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.54347926,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5041598,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.45551437,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4184409,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34587127,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3205988,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
}
] |
A SIMPLEST SYSTEMATICS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TURN-TAKING FOR CONVERSATION Harvey SacksEmanuel A. SchegloffGail Jefferson University of California, University of California, University ofPennsylvania IrvineLos Angeles The organization of taking turns to talk is fundamental to conversation, as well as to other speech-exchange systems. A model for the turn-taking organization for conversation is proposed, and is examined for its compatibility with a list of grossly observable facts about conversation. The results of the examination suggest that, at least, a model for turn-taking in conversation will be characterized as locally managed , party-administered, interactionally controlled, and sensitive to recipient design. Several general consequences of the model are explicated, and contrasts are sketched with turn-taking organizations for other speech-exchange systems.* 1. Introduction. Turn-taking is used for the ordering of moves in games, for allocating political office, for regulating traffic at intersections, for serving customers at business establishments, and for talking in interviews, meetings, debates, ceremonies , conversations etc.—these last being members of the set which we shall refer to as 'speech exchange systems'. It is obviously a prominent type of social organization, one whose instances are implicated in a wide range of other activities. For socially organized activities, the presence of 'turns' suggests an economy, with turns for something being valued—and with means for allocating them, which affect their relative distribution, as in economies. An investigator interested in the sociology of a turn-organized activity will want to determine, at least, the shape of the turn-taking organization device, and how it affects the distribution of turns for the activities on which it operates. For the investigator of turn-taking systems per se, it is not surprising that turntaking systems can be workably built in various ways. Since they are used to organize sorts of activities that are quite different from one another, it is of particular interest to see how operating turn-taking systems are characterizable as adapting to properties of the sorts of activities in which they operate. Again, an investigator interested in some sort of activity that is organized by a turn-taking system will want to determine how the sort of activity investigated is adapted to, or constrained by, the particular form of turn-taking system which operates on it. The subject of this report is the turn-taking system for conversation, and the foregoing are among the questions to which it will be addressed. Others have noted that the organization of taking turns at talk is one type of organization operative in conversation, and have located a range of interesting features and details of that sort of organization.1 But no account of the systematics of the organization of * An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conference on the Sociology of Language and Theory of Speech Acts, Bielefeld, Germany, April 1973. 1 For example, Goffman 1955, 1964, 1971 ; Albert 1964; Kendon 1967; Yngve 1970; Duncan 1972a,b, 1973. Thus Goffman (1964:135-6): Card games, ball-room couplings, surgical teams in operation, and fist fights provide examples of encounters ; all illustrate the social organization of shared current orientation, and all involve an organized interplay of acts of some kind. I want to suggest that when 696 SYSTEMATICS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF TURN-TAKING697 turn-taking for conversation is yet available. Here, on the basis of research using audio recordings of naturally occurring conversations, we attempt to characterize, in its simplest systematic form, the organization of turn-taking for conversation, and to extract some of the interest Of that organization. Aspects of the organization we call turn-taking have forced themselves on investigators of ' small-group' behavior—who, in dealing with problems concerning the distribution of talk among participants in small groups,2 or the kinds of 'acts' which form sequences in small-group sessions,3 have encountered problems conditioned in central ways by the turn-taking system, though for the most part they have not addressed them in this light. Again, students of 'interview' behavior, and such two-party conversation as approximates it in form,4 have concerned themselves with the distribution of talk among the parties, the distribution of silences, the sequences in which the talk...
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.19.1.173
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
REVIEW OF COMMUNITY-BASED RESEARCH: Assessing Partnership Approaches to Improve Public Health
|
[
{
"display_name": "General partnership",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71750763",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6802288,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164"
},
{
"display_name": "Context (archaeology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779343474",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5633681,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55687475,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.55091715,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.448824,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663"
},
{
"display_name": "Action (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780791683",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43826368,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785"
},
{
"display_name": "Community-based participatory research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779909229",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41613543,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154595"
},
{
"display_name": "Engineering ethics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55587333",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.376938,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029"
},
{
"display_name": "Knowledge management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.34947854,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34312052,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Participatory action research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C140988679",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.34111875,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140444"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31283253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
}
] |
Community-based research in public health focuses on social, structural, and physical environmental inequities through active involvement of community members, organizational representatives, and researchers in all aspects of the research process. Partners contribute their expertise to enhance understanding of a given phenomenon and to integrate the knowledge gained with action to benefit the community involved. This review provides a synthesis of key principles of community-based research, examines its place within the context of different scientific paradigms, discusses rationales for its use, and explores major challenges and facilitating factors and their implications for conducting effective community-based research aimed at improving the public's health.
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144511
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
|
[
{
"display_name": "Corporate governance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39389867",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.66120136,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767"
},
{
"display_name": "Framing (construction)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169087156",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.65244645,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593"
},
{
"display_name": "Legislation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777351106",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46127698,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371"
},
{
"display_name": "Adaptive management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775917145",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4423784,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680750"
},
{
"display_name": "Creativity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11012388",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43721026,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170658"
},
{
"display_name": "Adaptive capacity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777006462",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4278463,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738275"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.42700046,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
},
{
"display_name": "Social learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79416737",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4171027,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519"
},
{
"display_name": "Environmental resource management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107826830",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4126589,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.406327,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.35231388,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34361488,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Knowledge management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3007121,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060"
}
] |
▪ Abstract We explore the social dimension that enables adaptive ecosystem-based management. The review concentrates on experiences of adaptive governance of social-ecological systems during periods of abrupt change (crisis) and investigates social sources of renewal and reorganization. Such governance connects individuals, organizations, agencies, and institutions at multiple organizational levels. Key persons provide leadership, trust, vision, meaning, and they help transform management organizations toward a learning environment. Adaptive governance systems often self-organize as social networks with teams and actor groups that draw on various knowledge systems and experiences for the development of a common understanding and policies. The emergence of “bridging organizations” seem to lower the costs of collaboration and conflict resolution, and enabling legislation and governmental policies can support self-organization while framing creativity for adaptive comanagement efforts. A resilient social-ecological system may make use of crisis as an opportunity to transform into a more desired state.
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400309
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
Photovoice: Concept, Methodology, and Use for Participatory Needs Assessment
|
[
{
"display_name": "Photovoice",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781095836",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9921303,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187937"
},
{
"display_name": "Citizen journalism",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203663800",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6538087,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979"
},
{
"display_name": "Participatory action research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C140988679",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6276591,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140444"
},
{
"display_name": "Participatory evaluation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778969656",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53383845,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140449"
},
{
"display_name": "Health promotion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185618831",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52666825,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51025105,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.48827672,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Community-based participatory research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779909229",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48030227,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154595"
},
{
"display_name": "Community health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775951005",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4780239,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473024"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4607765,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Promotion (chess)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98147612",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45412368,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36568034,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3616375,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3521983,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.30413938,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176"
}
] |
Photovoice is a process by which people can identify, represent, and enhance their community through a specific photographic technique. As a practice based in the production of knowledge, photovoice has three main goals: (1) to enable people to record and reflect their community's strengths and concerns, (2) to promote critical dialogue and knowledge about important issues through large and small group discussion of photographs, and (3) to reach policymakers. Applying photovoice to public health promotion, the authors describe the methodology and analyze its value for participatory needs assessment. They discuss the development of the photovoice concept, advantages and disadvantages, key elements, participatory analysis, materials and resources, and implications for practice.
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520934018
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis
|
[
{
"display_name": "Panacea (medicine)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26993612",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.79945457,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910154"
},
{
"display_name": "Pandemic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89623803",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.59788835,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184"
},
{
"display_name": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3008058167",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.58530253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196"
},
{
"display_name": "Blended learning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158592959",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5327708,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010"
},
{
"display_name": "Higher education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120912362",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4828887,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822"
},
{
"display_name": "Face (sociological concept)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779304628",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46912882,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44422454,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Distance education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C503872463",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4387927,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.42965698,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4190895,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Mathematics education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145420912",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.39667717,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077"
},
{
"display_name": "Educational technology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C16443162",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.39531153,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.37281555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.35988072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3555981,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Pedagogy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19417346",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3554412,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922"
}
] |
Educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities) in India are currently based only on traditional methods of learning, that is, they follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures in a classroom. Although many academic units have also started blended learning, still a lot of them are stuck with old procedures. The sudden outbreak of a deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) shook the entire world. The World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. This situation challenged the education system across the world and forced educators to shift to an online mode of teaching overnight. Many academic institutions that were earlier reluctant to change their traditional pedagogical approach had no option but to shift entirely to online teaching–learning. The article includes the importance of online learning and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Challenges (SWOC) analysis of e-learning modes in the time of crisis. This article also put some light on the growth of EdTech Start-ups during the time of pandemic and natural disasters and includes suggestions for academic institutions of how to deal with challenges associated with online learning.
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/15.3.259
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century
|
[
{
"display_name": "Health literacy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778843546",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8134301,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3097973"
},
{
"display_name": "Health promotion",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185618831",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.72770846,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928"
},
{
"display_name": "Health education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113807197",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6969665,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894"
},
{
"display_name": "Health communication",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778080475",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5454006,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353774"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5260765,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Outreach",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781400479",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.525424,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640"
},
{
"display_name": "Social determinants of health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C78491826",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.51896757,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352"
},
{
"display_name": "Health policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C47344431",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5173716,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812"
},
{
"display_name": "Health belief model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1602351",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.49380597,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381370"
},
{
"display_name": "Empowerment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C20555606",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48042583,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868575"
},
{
"display_name": "Public health",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138816342",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47481024,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603"
},
{
"display_name": "Health equity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2250968",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.47030586,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929"
},
{
"display_name": "HRHIS",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147268084",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.4411256,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5635796"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.42145857,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Literacy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C547764534",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4152626,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.33921385,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Nursing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159110408",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.30612683,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.30270946,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
}
] |
Health literacy is a relatively new concept in health promotion. It is a composite term to describe a range of outcomes to health education and communication activities. From this perspective, health education is directed towards improving health literacy. This paper identifies the failings of past educational programs to address social and economic determinants of health, and traces the subsequent reduction in the role of health education in contemporary health promotion. These perceived failings may have led to significant underestimation of the potential role of health education in addressing the social determinants of health. A 'health outcome model' is presented. This model highlights health literacy as a key outcome from health education. Examination of the concept of health literacy identifies distinctions between functional health literacy, interactive health literacy and critical health literacy. Through this analysis, improving health literacy meant more than transmitting information, and developing skills to be able to read pamphlets and successfully make appointments. By improving people's access to health information and their capacity to use it effectively, it is argued that improved health literacy is critical to empowerment. The implications for the content and method of contemporary health education and communication are then considered. Emphasis is given to more personal forms of communication, and community-based educational outreach, as well as the political content of health education, focussed on better equipping people to overcome structural barriers to health.
|
C39549134
|
Public relations
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.156
|
broad term for the management of public communication of organizations
|
Organizational culture and leadership
|
[
{
"display_name": "Organizational culture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C67674302",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.76517427,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4311809,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.40456924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38702384,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34972793,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3452674,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Knowledge management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C56739046",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32723525,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060"
}
] |
Culture is a way for organizations to learn environmental factors. There are many definitions for culture. "Issue of" difference" with the leader of the director, including material that is much discussed in current and most experts believe that leadership is something different from the management
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty*
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7239865,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Newspaper",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C201280247",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.62092716,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032"
},
{
"display_name": "Volatility (finance)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91602232",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5912815,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756115"
},
{
"display_name": "Index (typography)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777382242",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57711464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816"
},
{
"display_name": "Fiscal policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C524878704",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48918727,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021"
},
{
"display_name": "Presidential system",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C197487636",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48704293,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126285488",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48273963,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476"
},
{
"display_name": "Debt",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120527767",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47822922,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46087602,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Economic policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C105639569",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42286932,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35518473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
}
] |
Abstract We develop a new index of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) based on newspaper coverage frequency. Several types of evidence—including human readings of 12,000 newspaper articles—indicate that our index proxies for movements in policy-related economic uncertainty. Our U.S. index spikes near tight presidential elections, Gulf Wars I and II, the 9/11 attacks, the failure of Lehman Brothers, the 2011 debt ceiling dispute, and other major battles over fiscal policy. Using firm-level data, we find that policy uncertainty is associated with greater stock price volatility and reduced investment and employment in policy-sensitive sectors like defense, health care, finance, and infrastructure construction. At the macro level, innovations in policy uncertainty foreshadow declines in investment, output, and employment in the United States and, in a panel vector autoregressive setting, for 12 major economies. Extending our U.S. index back to 1900, EPU rose dramatically in the 1930s (from late 1931) and has drifted upward since the 1960s.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.2307/2118406
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8596972,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Physical capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C9127897",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6131076,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q990550"
},
{
"display_name": "Per capita",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127598652",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5800756,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5394448,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital accumulation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C81751973",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49011096,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420062"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital formation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C58202505",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.46741936,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035700"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4666118,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4381207,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Financial capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C44750222",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.40795034,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897397"
}
] |
We present cross-country evidence consistent with Schumpeter's view that the financial system can promote economic growth, using data on 80 countries over the 1960–1989 period. Various measures of the level of financial development are strongly associated with real per capita GDP growth, the rate of physical capital accumulation, and improvements in the efficiency with which economies employ physical capital. Further, the predetermined component of financial development is robustly correlated with future rates of economic growth, physical capital accumulation, and economic efficiency improvements.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.2307/2953682
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
Postwar U.S. Business Cycles: An Empirical Investigation
|
[
{
"display_name": "Business cycle",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83873408",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.82675403,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192311"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.72837543,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Per capita",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127598652",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6081033,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635"
},
{
"display_name": "Aggregate (composite)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4679612",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.57667536,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5761012,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039"
},
{
"display_name": "Component (thermodynamics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C168167062",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.564174,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970"
},
{
"display_name": "Secular variation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112197492",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5248461,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1763933"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5148889,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893"
},
{
"display_name": "Variety (cybernetics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136197465",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49648625,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295"
},
{
"display_name": "Series (stratigraphy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143724316",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4713991,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40893447,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3847961,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
}
] |
A study documents some features of aggregate economic fluctuations sometimes referred to as business cycles. The investigation uses quarterly data from the postwar US economy. The fluctuations studied are those that are too rapid to be accounted for by slowly changing demographic and technological factors and changes in the stocks of capital that produce secular growth in output per capita. The study proposes a procedure for representing a times series as the sum of a smoothly varying trend component and a cyclical component. The nature of the comovements of the cyclical components of a variety of macroeconomic time series is documented. It is found that these comovements are very different than the corresponding comovements of the slowly varying trend components.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.37.4.1661
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
The Science of Monetary Policy: A New Keynesian Perspective
|
[
{
"display_name": "Monetary policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126285488",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.81834364,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7743678,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Imperfect",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780310539",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7084125,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192"
},
{
"display_name": "Inflation (cosmology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200941418",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.70823187,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508"
},
{
"display_name": "New Keynesian economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10688316",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.65041476,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936174"
},
{
"display_name": "Inflation targeting",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185824701",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.61945826,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193759"
},
{
"display_name": "Perspective (graphical)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12713177",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6079214,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281"
},
{
"display_name": "Baseline (sea)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12725497",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50822496,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247"
},
{
"display_name": "Contrast (vision)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776502983",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4753706,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182"
},
{
"display_name": "Perfect information",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123676819",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47179717,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074338"
},
{
"display_name": "Simple (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780586882",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45000485,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643"
},
{
"display_name": "Keynesian economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165556158",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4434811,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41185614,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4012428,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
}
] |
The paper reviews the recent literature on monetary policy rules. We exposit the monetary policy design problem within a simple baseline theoretical framework. We then consider the implications of adding various real world complications. Among other things, we show that the optimal policy implicitly incorporates inflation targeting. We also characterize the gains from making a credible commitment to fight inflation. In contrast to conventional wisdom, we show that gains from commitment may emerge even if the central bank is not trying to inadvisedly push output above its natural level. We also consider the implications of frictions such as imperfect information.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.2307/2297811
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
Income Distribution and Macroeconomics
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8964822,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Investment (military)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C27548731",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6804271,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272"
},
{
"display_name": "Distribution (mathematics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110121322",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6464286,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811"
},
{
"display_name": "Income distribution",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C519300510",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.56214577,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542"
},
{
"display_name": "Aggregate income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C148179231",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5146564,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4692251"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4953417,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Per capita income",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C160443848",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47634795,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918"
},
{
"display_name": "Capital (architecture)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83646750",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47571546,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4485192,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
},
{
"display_name": "Per capita",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127598652",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4425972,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635"
},
{
"display_name": "Human capital",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776943663",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42564255,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687"
},
{
"display_name": "Distribution of wealth",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778096659",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4194517,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415386"
},
{
"display_name": "Aggregate (composite)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C4679612",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41237047,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298"
}
] |
This paper analyzes the role of wealth distribution in macroeconomics through investment in human capital. It is shown that in the presence of credit markets' imperfections and indivisibilities in investment in human capital, the initial distribution of wealth affects aggregate output and investment both in the short and in the long run, as there are multiple steady states. This paper therefore provides an additional explanation for the persistent differences in per-capita output across countries. Furthermore, the paper shows that cross-country differences in macroeconomic adjustment to aggregate shocks can be attributed, among other factors, to differences in wealth and income distribution across countries.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201477
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
House Prices, Borrowing Constraints, and Monetary Policy in the Business Cycle
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8639174,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Collateral",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777910564",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.79709816,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694563"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126285488",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67478657,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476"
},
{
"display_name": "Business cycle",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C83873408",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6612689,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192311"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.63183904,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
},
{
"display_name": "Inflation (cosmology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C200941418",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6028795,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273508"
},
{
"display_name": "Debt",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120527767",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.534631,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867"
},
{
"display_name": "Interest rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175025494",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.52714515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179"
},
{
"display_name": "Nominal interest rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C84888623",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.49393684,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1205832"
},
{
"display_name": "Aggregate demand",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203379541",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48844185,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801078"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43300885,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Financial accelerator",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778055162",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.43188766,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449686"
}
] |
I develop and estimate a monetary business cycle model with nominal loans and collateral constraints tied to housing values. Demand shocks move housing and nominal prices in the same direction, and are amplified and propagated over time. The financial accelerator is not uniform: nominal debt dampens supply shocks, stabilizing the economy under interest rate control. Structural estimation supports two key model features: collateral effects dramatically improve the response of aggregate demand to housing price shocks; and nominal debt improves the sluggish response of output to inflation surprises. Finally, policy evaluation considers the role of house prices and debt indexation in affecting monetary policy trade-offs.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.1086/261997
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
Exchange Rate Dynamics Redux
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8925739,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Monopolistic competition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C80799131",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8149263,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379579"
},
{
"display_name": "Exchange rate",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776988154",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.63218904,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100"
},
{
"display_name": "New Keynesian economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10688316",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6123624,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q936174"
},
{
"display_name": "Redux",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777087702",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6037053,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7306421"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomic model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C55986821",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49216145,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188791"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary policy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126285488",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44309536,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43932188,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43603262,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
},
{
"display_name": "Keynesian economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C165556158",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4355505,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937"
},
{
"display_name": "Welfare",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100243477",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42458603,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35862547,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039"
}
] |
We develop an analytically tractable two-country model that marries a full account of global macroeconomic dynamics to a supply framework based on monopolistic competition and sticky nominal prices. The model offers simple and intuitive predictions about exchange rates and current accounts that sometimes differ sharply from those of either modern flexible-price intertemporal models or traditional sticky-price Keynesian models. Our analysis leads to a novel perspective on the international welfare spillovers due to monetary and fiscal policies.
|
C139719470
|
Macroeconomics
|
https://doi.org/10.3386/w7269
|
branch of economics that studies aggregated indicators
|
An Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of Changes in Government Spending and Taxes on Output
|
[
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.868437,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Government spending",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781356325",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.70221865,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688"
},
{
"display_name": "Characterization (materials science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780841128",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5014796,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781"
},
{
"display_name": "Government (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778137410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49694088,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820"
},
{
"display_name": "Microeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175444787",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43347976,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072"
},
{
"display_name": "Macroeconomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139719470",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40461084,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680"
},
{
"display_name": "Public economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100001284",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36874261,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246"
},
{
"display_name": "Monetary economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C556758197",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35395467,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018"
},
{
"display_name": "Econometrics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32031178,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039"
}
] |
This paper characterizes the dynamic effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on economic activity in the United States in the post-war period.It does so by using a mixed structural VAR/event study approach.Identification is achieved by using institutional information about the tax and transfer systems and the timing of tax collections to identify the automatic response of taxes and spending to activity, and, by implication, to infer fiscal shocks.The results consistently show positive government spending shocks as having a positive effect on output, and positive tax shocks as having a negative effect.The multipliers for both spending and tax shocks are typically small.Turning to the effects of taxes and spending on the components of GDP, one of the results has a distinctly non-standard flavor: Both increases in taxes and increases in government spending have a strong negative effect on investment spending.
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement
|
[
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7104284,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425"
},
{
"display_name": "Statement (logic)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6835536,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5353335,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.49497455,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Data science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47169355,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42469996,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.36716568,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35063654,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
}
] |
Structured summary 2 Provide a structured summary including, as applicable, background, objectives, data sources, study eligibility criteria, participants, interventions, study appraisal and synthesis methods, results, limitations, conclusions and implications of key findings, systematic review registration number Flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review No of records identified through database searching No of additional records identified through other sources No of records after duplicates removed No of studies included in qualitative synthesis No of studies included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis)
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5832133,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Data science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2522767166",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5164528,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43524528,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35861537,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
}
] |
Cochrane Reviews have recently started including the quantity I 2 to help readers assess the consistency of the results of studies in meta-analyses. What does this new quantity mean, and why is assessment of heterogeneity so important to clinical practice?
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses can provide convincing and reliable evidence relevant to many aspects of medicine and health care.1 Their value is especially clear when the results of the studies they include show clinically important effects of similar magnitude. However, the conclusions are less clear when the included studies have differing results. In an attempt to establish whether studies are consistent, reports of meta-analyses commonly present a statistical test of heterogeneity. The test seeks to determine whether there are genuine differences underlying the results of the studies (heterogeneity), or whether the variation in findings is compatible with chance alone (homogeneity). However, the test is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta-analysis. We have developed a new quantity, I 2, which we believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis.
Assessment of the consistency of effects across studies is an essential part of meta-analysis. Unless we know how consistent the results of studies are, we cannot determine the generalisability of the findings of the meta-analysis. Indeed, several hierarchical systems for grading evidence state that the results of studies must be consistent or homogeneous to obtain the highest grading.2–4
Tests for heterogeneity are commonly used to decide on methods for combining studies and for concluding consistency or inconsistency of findings.5 6 But what does the test achieve in practice, and how should the resulting P values be interpreted?
A test for heterogeneity examines the null hypothesis that all studies are evaluating the same effect. The usual test statistic …
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7910477,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Suite",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79581498",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7375206,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530"
},
{
"display_name": "Annotation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776321320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6916934,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525"
},
{
"display_name": "Unix",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112968700",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.599407,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11368"
},
{
"display_name": "Source code",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C43126263",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59766454,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.58354616,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Genomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189206191",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.58176076,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4782573,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Software suite",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778736646",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45699733,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143070"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43488503,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Feature (linguistics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776401178",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42856082,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496"
},
{
"display_name": "Genome",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C141231307",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.30375743,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020"
}
] |
Testing for correlations between different sets of genomic features is a fundamental task in genomics research. However, searching for overlaps between features with existing web-based methods is complicated by the massive datasets that are routinely produced with current sequencing technologies. Fast and flexible tools are therefore required to ask complex questions of these data in an efficient manner.This article introduces a new software suite for the comparison, manipulation and annotation of genomic features in Browser Extensible Data (BED) and General Feature Format (GFF) format. BEDTools also supports the comparison of sequence alignments in BAM format to both BED and GFF features. The tools are extremely efficient and allow the user to compare large datasets (e.g. next-generation sequencing data) with both public and custom genome annotation tracks. BEDTools can be combined with one another as well as with standard UNIX commands, thus facilitating routine genomics tasks as well as pipelines that can quickly answer intricate questions of large genomic datasets.BEDTools was written in C++. Source code and a comprehensive user manual are freely available at http://code.google.com/p/[email protected]; [email protected] data are available at Bioinformatics online.
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-421
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
BLAST+: architecture and applications
|
[
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8359647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Interface (matter)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C113843644",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5338975,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882"
},
{
"display_name": "Heuristics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127705205",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.52347577,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5179647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Database",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77088390",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.467955,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4298138,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Task (project management)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780451532",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4237526,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676"
},
{
"display_name": "Sequence (biology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778112365",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42020178,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065"
},
{
"display_name": "Modular design",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101468663",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4193811,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40354598,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.36309338,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
}
] |
Sequence similarity searching is a very important bioinformatics task. While Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) outperforms exact methods through its use of heuristics, the speed of the current BLAST software is suboptimal for very long queries or database sequences. There are also some shortcomings in the user-interface of the current command-line applications.We describe features and improvements of rewritten BLAST software and introduce new command-line applications. Long query sequences are broken into chunks for processing, in some cases leading to dramatically shorter run times. For long database sequences, it is possible to retrieve only the relevant parts of the sequence, reducing CPU time and memory usage for searches of short queries against databases of contigs or chromosomes. The program can now retrieve masking information for database sequences from the BLAST databases. A new modular software library can now access subject sequence data from arbitrary data sources. We introduce several new features, including strategy files that allow a user to save and reuse their favorite set of options. The strategy files can be uploaded to and downloaded from the NCBI BLAST web site.The new BLAST command-line applications, compared to the current BLAST tools, demonstrate substantial speed improvements for long queries as well as chromosome length database sequences. We have also improved the user interface of the command-line applications.
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620315
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid
|
[
{
"display_name": "Diphenylamine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777040443",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.77703017,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412265"
},
{
"display_name": "Citation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778805511",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.76897144,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713"
},
{
"display_name": "Icon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778447006",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.75367475,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5883074,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Upload",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71901391",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5666889,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5295257,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45203885,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
},
{
"display_name": "Download",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780154274",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42426524,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717"
},
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41613844,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655"
},
{
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31191525,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329"
}
] |
Research Article| February 01 1956 A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid K. Burton K. Burton 1Medical Research Council, Cell Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Biochem J (1956) 62 (2): 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620315 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation K. Burton; A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J 1 February 1956; 62 (2): 315–323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0620315 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1956 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1956 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.46-2715
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
Introduction to information retrieval
|
[
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6333389,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5044924,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
}
] |
Class-tested and coherent, this groundbreaking new textbook teaches web-era information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. Written from a computer science perspective by three leading experts in the field, it gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Although originally designed as the primary text for a graduate or advanced undergraduate course in information retrieval, the book will also create a buzz for researchers and professionals alike.
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::aid-asi1>3.0.co;2-9
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
Indexing by latent semantic analysis
|
[
{
"display_name": "Singular value decomposition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C22789450",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7718257,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904"
},
{
"display_name": "Latent semantic analysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C170133592",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.721552,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6881568,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Search engine indexing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C75165309",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6879668,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6231594,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Set (abstract data type)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5978911,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741"
},
{
"display_name": "Basis (linear algebra)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12426560",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56974864,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569"
},
{
"display_name": "Cosine similarity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780762811",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48688045,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941"
},
{
"display_name": "Vector space model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C89686163",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48489147,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187982"
},
{
"display_name": "Term (time)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C61797465",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46661204,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986"
},
{
"display_name": "Matrix (chemical analysis)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C106487976",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46345326,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3939398,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
},
{
"display_name": "Algorithm",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11413529",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3590623,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366"
}
] |
A new method for automatic indexing and retrieval is described. The approach is to take advantage of implicit higher-order structure in the association of terms with documents ("semantic structure") in order to improve the detection of relevant documents on the basis of terms found in queries. The particular technique used is singular-value decomposition, in which a large term by document matrix is decomposed into a set of ca. 100 orthogonal factors from which the original matrix can be approximated by linear combination. Documents are represented by ca. 100 item vectors of factor weights. Queries are represented as pseudo-document vectors formed from weighted combinations of terms, and documents with supra-threshold cosine values are returned. Initial tests find this completely automatic method for retrieval to be promising. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
|
C23123220
|
Information retrieval
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bti610
|
activity of obtaining information resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources
|
Blast2GO: a universal tool for annotation, visualization and analysis in functional genomics research
|
[
{
"display_name": "Annotation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776321320",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8818008,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7030725,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Visualization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C36464697",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.68605566,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553"
},
{
"display_name": "Java",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548217200",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.64417505,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251"
},
{
"display_name": "Process (computing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98045186",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47579396,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663"
},
{
"display_name": "Software",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777904410",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45272803,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397"
},
{
"display_name": "Information retrieval",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23123220",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43689325,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826"
},
{
"display_name": "Functional genomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161078062",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.43652892,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068690"
},
{
"display_name": "Genomics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189206191",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.43158466,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene Annotation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2908923196",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42256048,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205742"
},
{
"display_name": "World Wide Web",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C136764020",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40329993,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466"
},
{
"display_name": "Data mining",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124101348",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33013707,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491"
}
] |
We present here Blast2GO (B2G), a research tool designed with the main purpose of enabling Gene Ontology (GO) based data mining on sequence data for which no GO annotation is yet available. B2G joints in one application GO annotation based on similarity searches with statistical analysis and highlighted visualization on directed acyclic graphs. This tool offers a suitable platform for functional genomics research in non-model species. B2G is an intuitive and interactive desktop application that allows monitoring and comprehension of the whole annotation and analysis process.Blast2GO is freely available via Java Web Start at http://www.blast2go.de.http://www.blast2go.de -> Evaluation.
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.020
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9656374,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.89091176,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
},
{
"display_name": "Higgs boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158129726",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8509914,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402"
},
{
"display_name": "Large Hadron Collider",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87668248",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.77240425,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605"
},
{
"display_name": "Standard Model (mathematical formulation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101454708",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6814691,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019"
},
{
"display_name": "Atlas detector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3017838165",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.62555027,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q299002"
},
{
"display_name": "Boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79118098",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.58642316,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43101"
},
{
"display_name": "Atlas (anatomy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776673561",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5736971,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655357"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.56916595,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "ATLAS experiment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777065543",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.54341465,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q299002"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184748400",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4799407,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934"
}
] |
A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to integrated luminosities of approximately 4.8 fb^-1 collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in 2011 and 5.8 fb^-1 at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV in 2012. Individual searches in the channels H->ZZ^(*)->llll, H->gamma gamma and H->WW->e nu mu nu in the 8 TeV data are combined with previously published results of searches for H->ZZ^(*), WW^(*), bbbar and tau^+tau^- in the 7 TeV data and results from improved analyses of the H->ZZ^(*)->llll and H->gamma gamma channels in the 7 TeV data. Clear evidence for the production of a neutral boson with a measured mass of 126.0 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 0.4(sys) GeV is presented. This observation, which has a significance of 5.9 standard deviations, corresponding to a background fluctuation probability of 1.7x10^-9, is compatible with the production and decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson.
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2012.08.021
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9179891,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.8092202,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
},
{
"display_name": "Compact Muon Solenoid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780509222",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.78079945,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659478"
},
{
"display_name": "Higgs boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158129726",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.77542496,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402"
},
{
"display_name": "Large Hadron Collider",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87668248",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.715711,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605"
},
{
"display_name": "Standard Model (mathematical formulation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101454708",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.69896007,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.64456993,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "Inverse",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207467116",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.51802856,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666"
},
{
"display_name": "Boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C79118098",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50511605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43101"
},
{
"display_name": "Muon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205334942",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49441338,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151"
},
{
"display_name": "Luminosity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C12287442",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44848853,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184748400",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4339665,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934"
},
{
"display_name": "Photon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C159317903",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42940134,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198"
},
{
"display_name": "Bar (unit)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C188721877",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4152061,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510"
}
] |
Results are presented from searches for the standard model Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV in the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the LHC, using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 inverse femtobarns at 7 TeV and 5.3 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV. The search is performed in five decay modes: gamma gamma, ZZ, WW, tau tau, and b b-bar. An excess of events is observed above the expected background, with a local significance of 5.0 standard deviations, at a mass near 125 GeV, signalling the production of a new particle. The expected significance for a standard model Higgs boson of that mass is 5.8 standard deviations. The excess is most significant in the two decay modes with the best mass resolution, gamma gamma and ZZ; a fit to these signals gives a mass of 125.3 +/- 0.4 (stat.) +/- 0.5 (syst.) GeV. The decay to two photons indicates that the new particle is a boson with spin different from one.
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/38/9/090001
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Review of Particle Physics
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.97131276,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle (ecology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778517922",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5200981,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4418348,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41804227,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "Theoretical physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C33332235",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35667205,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362"
}
] |
A critical review is given of the current status of cosmological nucleosynthesis. In the framework of the Standard Model with 3 types of relativistic neutrinos, the baryon-to-photon ratio, $\eta$, corresponding to the inferred primordial abundances of deuterium and helium-4 is consistent with the independent determination of $\eta$ from observations of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. However the primordial abundance of lithium-7 inferred from observations is significantly below its expected value. Taking systematic uncertainties in the abundance estimates into account, there is overall concordance in the range $\eta = (5.7-6.7)\times 10^{-10}$ at 95% CL (corresponding to a cosmological baryon density $\Omega_B h^2 = 0.021 - 0.025$). The D and He-4 abundances, when combined with the CMB determination of $\eta$, provide the bound $N_\nu=3.28 \pm 0.28$ on the effective number of neutrino species. Other constraints on new physics are discussed briefly.
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.86.010001
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Review of Particle Physics
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.9040741,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.850456,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
},
{
"display_name": "Higgs boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158129726",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67545253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402"
},
{
"display_name": "Quark",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C7602139",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.54641175,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718"
},
{
"display_name": "Quantum chromodynamics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C117137515",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5142676,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238170"
},
{
"display_name": "Lepton",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C179203047",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.50102687,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82586"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184748400",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.48379773,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934"
},
{
"display_name": "Standard Model (mathematical formulation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101454708",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.46754044,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019"
},
{
"display_name": "Elementary particle",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C102999125",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45101032,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4128473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
}
] |
This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2658 new measurements from 644 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on Heavy-Quark and Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Event Generators, Lattice QCD, Heavy Quarkonium Spectroscopy, Top Quark, Dark Matter, ${V}_{\mathit{cb}}$ ${V}_{\mathit{ub}}$, Quantum Chromodynamics, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Astrophysical Constants, Cosmological Parameters, and Dark Matter.A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov/.The 2012 edition of Review of Particle Physics is published for the Particle Data Group as article 010001 in volume 86 of Physical Review D.This edition should be cited as: J. Beringer et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 86, 010001 (2012).
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/37/7a/075021
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Review of Particle Physics
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8539609,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.8271589,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
},
{
"display_name": "Higgs boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C158129726",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6664624,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402"
},
{
"display_name": "Lepton",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C179203047",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5696808,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82586"
},
{
"display_name": "Quark",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C7602139",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5648246,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics beyond the Standard Model",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184748400",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.52633494,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599934"
},
{
"display_name": "Standard Model (mathematical formulation)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C101454708",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5256135,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019"
},
{
"display_name": "Neutrino",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C186453547",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49013242,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126"
},
{
"display_name": "Elementary particle",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C102999125",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47663626,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43116"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41288823,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "Gauge boson",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C40263606",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41050795,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580"
}
] |
This biennial Review summarizes much of particle physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 2158 new measurements from 551 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. Among the 108 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on neutrino mass, mixing, and oscillations, QCD, top quark, CKM quark-mixing matrix, V ud & V us , V cb & V ub , fragmentation functions, particle detectors for accelerator and non-accelerator physics, magnetic monopoles, cosmological parameters, and big bang cosmology. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review . All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: pdg.lbl.gov .
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.69.37
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Resonance Absorption by Nuclear Magnetic Moments in a Solid
|
[
{
"display_name": "Magnetic moment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54553102",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5950395,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242657"
},
{
"display_name": "Absorption (acoustics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C125287762",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5065452,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear magnetic resonance",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C46141821",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5050164,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.44858834,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear magnetic moment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C186923303",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.44665545,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269677"
},
{
"display_name": "Neutron magnetic moment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95802253",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.4427605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109934"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
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"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "Materials science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.41543028,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736"
},
{
"display_name": "Atomic physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184779094",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3246982,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383"
},
{
"display_name": "Condensed matter physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26873012",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3154962,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781"
}
] |
The suggestion is also made that Co& may be strongly dissociated by the metastable Xe atoms (and H~O some- what less strongly), thus producing oxygen atoms which combine to form the O~molecules; (D(CO~) =5.5 v, D{HgO) =5.0 v).If so, the fact that CO did not yield the bands would indicate that the dissociation energy of CO is greater than the energy of the upper metastable state of Xe, namely 9.4 volts.(Energy of lower metastable state equals 8.3 v. ) This appears to be direct evidence in favor of the 9.6-volt value of D(CO) as determined by Hagstrum and Tate from appearance potentials in the mass spectro- graph, or for the 11.11 v-value obtained in a recent spectral analysis by Gaydon and Penney/ but against the 9.14-volt value determined from certain predissociation data.' The higher value appears to be more in accord also with thermochemical data as brought out by Hagstrum and Tate, ' a.nd also by Asundi and Samuel.'
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/3/08/s08004
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC
|
[
{
"display_name": "Compact Muon Solenoid",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780509222",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8931443,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659478"
},
{
"display_name": "Large Hadron Collider",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87668248",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.85684836,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605"
},
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.84842026,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.73803306,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "Pseudorapidity",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781178975",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.7208365,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2064924"
},
{
"display_name": "Calorimeter (particle physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18073261",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6581054,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722586"
},
{
"display_name": "Yoke (aeronautics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C14536661",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.59339786,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759012"
},
{
"display_name": "Detector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94915269",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.548784,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857"
},
{
"display_name": "Scintillator",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161694136",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49099305,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910990"
},
{
"display_name": "Muon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205334942",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45359203,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33849877,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
}
] |
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is described. The detector operates at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It was conceived to study proton-proton (and lead-lead) collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV (5.5 TeV nucleon-nucleon) and at luminosities up to 1034 cm−2 s−1 (1027 cm−2 s−1). At the core of the CMS detector sits a high-magnetic-field and large-bore superconducting solenoid surrounding an all-silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead-tungstate scintillating-crystals electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass-scintillator sampling hadron calorimeter. The iron yoke of the flux-return is instrumented with four stations of muon detectors covering most of the 4π solid angle. Forward sampling calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage to high values (|η| ⩽ 5) assuring very good hermeticity. The overall dimensions of the CMS detector are a length of 21.6 m, a diameter of 14.6 m and a total weight of 12500 t.
|
C185544564
|
Nuclear physics
|
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.1562
|
field of physics that deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei
|
Evidence for Oscillation of Atmospheric Neutrinos
|
[
{
"display_name": "Physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.891904,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413"
},
{
"display_name": "Neutrino",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C186453547",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7167033,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126"
},
{
"display_name": "Particle physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C109214941",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6895819,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334"
},
{
"display_name": "Muon",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205334942",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6886915,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151"
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{
"display_name": "Neutrino oscillation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107966497",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6431004,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509021"
},
{
"display_name": "Muon neutrino",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781078550",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.5074844,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279735"
},
{
"display_name": "Solar neutrino",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C5807566",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.48491555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2216633"
},
{
"display_name": "Nuclear physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185544564",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46401346,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197"
},
{
"display_name": "Flux (metallurgy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C68709404",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44708213,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475"
},
{
"display_name": "Solar neutrino problem",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C7644452",
"level": 5,
"score": 0.42938173,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31937"
},
{
"display_name": "Zenith",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C53970728",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41458473,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806"
},
{
"display_name": "Neutrino detector",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C132221716",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.32897812,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583152"
}
] |
We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. Experimental biases and uncertainties in the prediction of neutrino fluxes and cross sections are unable to explain our observation. The data are consistent, however, with two-flavor ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ oscillations with ${sin}^{2}2\ensuremath{\theta}>0.82$ and $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}<\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2}<6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{eV}{}^{2}$ at 90% confidence level.
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399526
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
Information Technology, Workplace Organization, and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence
|
[
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46491677,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.40657133,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
},
{
"display_name": "Marketing",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162853370",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38220766,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.35423738,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32228452,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3011557,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
}
] |
Journal Article Information Technology, Workplace Organization, and the Demand for Skilled Labor: Firm-Level Evidence Get access Timothy F. Bresnahan, Timothy F. Bresnahan Department of Economics, Stanford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erik Brynjolfsson, Erik Brynjolfsson Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Lorin M. Hitt Lorin M. Hitt Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 117, Issue 1, February 2002, Pages 339–376, https://doi.org/10.1162/003355302753399526 Published: 01 February 2002
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013311.oth1
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology
|
[
{
"display_name": "Citation",
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"level": 2,
"score": 0.5902827,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713"
},
{
"display_name": "Industrial and organizational psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C130497676",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5320749,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045692"
},
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5314402,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47667053,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4143114,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.40238044,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Operations research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42475967",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3324922,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292"
}
] |
Free Access International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology Contents of Previous Volumes Book Editor(s):Cary L. Cooper, Cary L. Cooper Professor of Organizational Psychology and Health Lancaster University Management School Lancaster University, UKSearch for more papers by this authorIvan T. Robertson, Ivan T. Robertson Managing Director Professor of Work and Organizational Psychology, Manchester School of Management, UMIST Pro-Vice-Chancellor, UMIST Robertson Cooper Ltd, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 05 December 2003 https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013311.oth1 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2004, Volume 19 RelatedInformation
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.2307/2937945
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
The Allocation of Talent: Implications for Growth
|
[
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.44261274,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42014763,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35976693,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655"
},
{
"display_name": "Media studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29595303",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3348717,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650"
},
{
"display_name": "Operations research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42475967",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3312987,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292"
}
] |
Journal Article The Allocation of Talent: Implications for Growth Get access Kevin M. Murphy, Kevin M. Murphy University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Andrei Shleifer, Andrei Shleifer Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert W. Vishny Robert W. Vishny University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 106, Issue 2, May 1991, Pages 503–530, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937945 Published: 01 May 1991
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.46-5122
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
Strategic leadership: theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards
|
[
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5951431,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Strategic leadership",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C184214880",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5722562,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7621842"
},
{
"display_name": "Business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5200096,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453"
},
{
"display_name": "Public relations",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39549134",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44312572,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080"
},
{
"display_name": "Strategic management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86275758",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4160701,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376657"
},
{
"display_name": "Political science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.32535538,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442"
},
{
"display_name": "Strategic planning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C48243021",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.30795014,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522"
}
] |
TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE DEDICATION 1. The Study of Top Executives 2. Do Top Executives Matter? 3. How Individual Differences Affect Executive Action 4. Executive Experiences and Organizational Outcomes 5. Top Management Teams 6. Changes at the Top: The Antecedents of Executive Turnover and Succession 7. Changes at the Top: The Consequences of Executive Turnover and Succession 8. Understanding Board Structure, Composition, and Vigilance 9. The Consequences of Board Involvement and Vigilance 10. The Determinants of Executive Compensation 11. Executive Compensation: Consequences and Distributions REFERENCES LIST OF TABLES ENDNOTES
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/5.1.1
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models
|
[
{
"display_name": "Reprint",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778489119",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.71471596,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962297"
},
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5024011,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655"
},
{
"display_name": "Estimation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C96250715",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47518697,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4738995,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.32511216,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309"
},
{
"display_name": "Economics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31114614,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134"
}
] |
Journal Article On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models Get access Jay Shanken Jay Shanken University of Rochester Address reprint requests to Jay Shanken, William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 5, Issue 1, January 1992, Pages 1–33, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/5.1.1 Published: 19 May 2015
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791609
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
Mechanisms Linking Work and Family: Clarifying the Relationship Between Work and Family Constructs
|
[
{
"display_name": "Work (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18762648",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5531458,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213"
},
{
"display_name": "Family business",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2992251426",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55311024,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395324"
},
{
"display_name": "Work–family conflict",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779185739",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5044271,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8035179"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.45750406,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4088872,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4047928,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3588286,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
}
] |
Work-family research emphasizes the importance of mechanisms that link work and family. However, these mechanisms typically are described in metaphoric terms poorly suited to rigorous research. In this article we translate work-family linking mechanisms into causal relationships between work and family constructs. For each relationship we explain its sign and causal structure and how it is influenced by personal intent. We show how these respecified linking mechanisms constitute theoretical building blocks for developing comprehensive models of the work-family interface.
|
C187736073
|
Management
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00973.x
|
administration of an organization, including activities to set the strategy of an organization and coordinate employees to accomplish its objectives
|
THE ABDOMINAL CONSTRICTION RESPONSE AND ITS SUPPRESSION BY ANALGESIC DRUGS IN THE MOUSE
|
[
{
"display_name": "Library science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C161191863",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46998158,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655"
},
{
"display_name": "Management",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C187736073",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.41539717,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.35858005,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
}
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British Journal of Pharmacology and ChemotherapyVolume 32, Issue 2 p. 295-310 Free Access THE ABDOMINAL CONSTRICTION RESPONSE AND ITS SUPPRESSION BY ANALGESIC DRUGS IN THE MOUSE H. O. J. COLLIER, H. O. J. COLLIER Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this authorL. C. DINNEEN, L. C. DINNEEN Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this authorCHRISTINE A. JOHNSON, CHRISTINE A. JOHNSON Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this authorC. SCHNEIDER, C. SCHNEIDER Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this author H. O. J. COLLIER, H. O. J. COLLIER Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this authorL. C. DINNEEN, L. C. DINNEEN Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this authorCHRISTINE A. JOHNSON, CHRISTINE A. JOHNSON Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this authorC. SCHNEIDER, C. SCHNEIDER Department of Pharmacological Research, Parke-Davis & Company, Hounslow, MiddlesexSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 1968 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1968.tb00973.xCitations: 625AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. 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Ther., 148, 373–379. Citing Literature Volume32, Issue2February 1968Pages 295-310 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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}
] |
Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover 3 main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors, to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all 3 study designs and 4 are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available at http://www.annals.org and on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
|
C509550671
|
Medical education
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.013
|
education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner
|
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies
|
[
{
"display_name": "Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779638118",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.95494306,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623265"
},
{
"display_name": "Observational study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23131810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9122059,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7640767,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.6163986,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Scope (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778012447",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5239368,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4568383,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
},
{
"display_name": "Cohort study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C201903717",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45311108,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45301726,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45282373,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Evidence-based medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19648533",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43620756,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.43462884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107130276",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42129466,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805"
},
{
"display_name": "Alternative medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.33468586,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504"
}
] |
Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
|
C509550671
|
Medical education
|
https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583
|
education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner
|
SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials
|
[
{
"display_name": "Protocol (science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780385302",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8296541,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.791495,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.78380734,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7234692,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Clinical trial",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C535046627",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.66626865,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612"
},
{
"display_name": "Transparency (behavior)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780233690",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5908062,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347"
},
{
"display_name": "Guideline",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780182762",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.55281204,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630279"
},
{
"display_name": "Alternative medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C204787440",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5106631,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504"
},
{
"display_name": "Credibility",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780224610",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44368798,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44066507,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Scope (computer science)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778012447",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4385351,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415"
},
{
"display_name": "Quality (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42082715,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505"
},
{
"display_name": "Research design",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779318504",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41676652,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035"
},
{
"display_name": "Foundation (evidence)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780966255",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41078767,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical physics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C19527891",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3579622,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908"
},
{
"display_name": "Family medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512399662",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3312078,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712"
}
] |
The protocol of a clinical trial serves as the foundation for study planning, conduct, reporting, and appraisal. However, trial protocols and existing protocol guidelines vary greatly in content and quality. This article describes the systematic development and scope of SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013, a guideline for the minimum content of a clinical trial protocol. The 33-item SPIRIT checklist applies to protocols for all clinical trials and focuses on content rather than format. The checklist recommends a full description of what is planned; it does not prescribe how to design or conduct a trial. By providing guidance for key content, the SPIRIT recommendations aim to facilitate the drafting of high-quality protocols. Adherence to SPIRIT would also enhance the transparency and completeness of trial protocols for the benefit of investigators, trial participants, patients, sponsors, funders, research ethics committees or institutional review boards, peer reviewers, journals, trial registries, policymakers, regulators, and other key stakeholders.
|
C509550671
|
Medical education
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.07.014
|
education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner
|
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779638118",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.95104396,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623265"
},
{
"display_name": "Observational study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23131810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.93145937,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7874792,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Critical appraisal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C152541439",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.59579045,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693"
},
{
"display_name": "Statement (logic)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5444331,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591"
},
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52208656,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Quality (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50270605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.48646232,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.41286764,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40259647,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38182604,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
}
] |
Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of observational studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of observational studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research.
|
C509550671
|
Medical education
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x
|
education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner
|
The qualitative research interview
|
[
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5275915,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Semi-structured interview",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C80245801",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.52063054,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477475"
},
{
"display_name": "Qualitative research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190248442",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50762117,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5000615,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Interview",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C24845683",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47092003,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651"
}
] |
Background Interviews are among the most familiar strategies for collecting qualitative data. The different qualitative interviewing strategies in common use emerged from diverse disciplinary perspectives resulting in a wide variation among interviewing approaches. Unlike the highly structured survey interviews and questionnaires used in epidemiology and most health services research, we examine less structured interview strategies in which the person interviewed is more a participant in meaning making than a conduit from which information is retrieved. Purpose In this article we briefly review the more common qualitative interview methods and then focus on the widely used individual face-to-face in-depth interview, which seeks to foster learning about individual experiences and perspectives on a given set of issues. We discuss methods for conducting in-depth interviews and consider relevant ethical issues with particular regard to the rights and protection of the participants.
|
C509550671
|
Medical education
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040297
|
education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner
|
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration
|
[
{
"display_name": "Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779638118",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9455129,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623265"
},
{
"display_name": "Observational study",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C23131810",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.9312059,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574"
},
{
"display_name": "Checklist",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779356329",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.74995434,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625"
},
{
"display_name": "Critical appraisal",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C152541439",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.61559165,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693"
},
{
"display_name": "Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C49290038",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.5343605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994654"
},
{
"display_name": "Quality (philosophy)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779530757",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4824546,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.47619903,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Statement (logic)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777026412",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46934593,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591"
},
{
"display_name": "MEDLINE",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779473830",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44595718,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899"
},
{
"display_name": "Systematic review",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C189708586",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42147323,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425"
},
{
"display_name": "Medical education",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C509550671",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4008474,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38627094,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
}
] |
Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of observational studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of observational studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research.
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-0239
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
Philosophy in the flesh: the embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought
|
[
{
"display_name": "Flesh",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776327621",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.94847834,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13119823"
},
{
"display_name": "Embodied cognition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C100609095",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.84554064,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050"
},
{
"display_name": "Western thought",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780764785",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6398633,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842333"
},
{
"display_name": "Philosophy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C138885662",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5105856,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4245751,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Literature",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C124952713",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3826043,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3473689,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471"
}
] |
* Introduction: Who Are We? How The Embodied Mind Challenges The Western Philosophical Tradition * The Cognitive Unconscious * The Embodied Mind * Primary Metaphor and Subjective Experience * The Anatomy of Complex Metaphor * Embodied Realism: Cognitive Science Versus A Priori Philosophy * Realism and Truth * Metaphor and Truth The Cognitive Science Of Basic Philosophical Ideas * The Cognitive Science of Philosophical Ideas * Time * Events and Causes * The Mind * The Self * Morality The Cognitive Science Of Philosophy * The Cognitive Science of Philosophy * The Pre-Socratics: The Cognitive Science of Early Greek Metaphysics * Plato * Aristotle * Descartes and the Enlightenment Mind * Kantian Morality * Analytic Philosophy * Chomskys Philosophy and Cognitive Linguistics * The Theory of Rational Action * How Philosophical Theories Work Embodied Philosophy * Philosophy in the Flesh
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-1950
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
Reading images: the grammar of visual design
|
[
{
"display_name": "Materiality (auditing)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C123307717",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7047802,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003682"
},
{
"display_name": "Semiotics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C139997677",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6720568,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60195"
},
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.6586112,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295"
},
{
"display_name": "Meaning (existential)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.60245705,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749"
},
{
"display_name": "Linguistics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41895202",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5282347,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162"
},
{
"display_name": "Grammar",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C26022165",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.50623053,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091"
},
{
"display_name": "Representation (politics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776359362",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.498605,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286"
},
{
"display_name": "Reading (process)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C554936623",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.49136344,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45340154,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Action (physics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780791683",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4239254,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785"
},
{
"display_name": "Computer science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.39793545,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognitive science",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C188147891",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35145193,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638"
},
{
"display_name": "Communication",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C46312422",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33126253,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024"
}
] |
Introduction 1. The Semiotic Landscape 2. Narrative Representations: Designing Social Action 3. Conceptual Representations: Designing Social Constructs 4. Representation and Interaction: Designing the Position of the Viewer 5. Morality: Designing Models of Reality 6. The Meaning of Composition 7. The Materiality of Meaning - Surface and Inscription 8. The Third Dimension
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.40-0914
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
Cradle to cradle: remaking the way we make things
|
[
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.53245884,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4275937,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38768944,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
}
] |
'Reduce, reuse, and recycle' urge environmentalists; in other words, do more with less in order to minimize damage. But as architect William McDonough and chemist Michael Braungart point out in this provocative, visionary book, this approach only perpetuates the one-way, 'cradle to grave' manufacturing model, dating to the Industrial Revolution, that creates such fantastic amounts of waste and pollution in the first place. Why not challenge the belief that human industry must damage the natural world? In fact, why not take nature itself as our model for making things? A tree produces thousands of blossoms in order to create another tree, yet we consider its abundance not wasteful but safe, beautiful and highly effective.Waste equals food. Guided by this principle, McDonough and Braungart explain how products can be designed from the outset so that, after their useful lives, they will provide nourishment for something new - continually circulating as pure and viable materials within a 'cradle to cradle' model. Drawing on their experience in redesigning everything from carpeting to corporate campuses, McDonough and Braungart make an exciting and viable case for putting eco-effectiveness into practice, and show how anyone involved in making anything can begin to do so as well.
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446269534.n3
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
|
[
{
"display_name": "Dissent",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C523173360",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.87267154,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1991663"
},
{
"display_name": "Reproduction",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C59659247",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67847025,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990"
},
{
"display_name": "Civilization",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122302079",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.64171207,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8432"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.56493944,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.45374757,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.35589448,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34830713,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309"
},
{
"display_name": "Art",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142362112",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34108764,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735"
},
{
"display_name": "Media studies",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29595303",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33386457,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650"
}
] |
One of the most important works of cultural theory ever written, Walter Benjamin's groundbreaking essay explores how the age of mass media means audiences can listen to or see a work of art repeatedly - and what the troubling social and political implications of this are. Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves - and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives - and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization and helped make us who we are.
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.1086/209048
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
Culture and Consumption: A Theoretical Account of the Structure and Movement of the Cultural Meaning of Consumer Goods
|
[
{
"display_name": "Meaning (existential)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780876879",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.90039337,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749"
},
{
"display_name": "Consumption (sociology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C30772137",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7391364,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.56184363,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Consumer Culture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778458851",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53781927,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28455593"
},
{
"display_name": "Movement (music)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780226923",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.52604103,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848"
},
{
"display_name": "Original meaning",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780292567",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.518664,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102600"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4175688,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Advertising",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C112698675",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38406897,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3572068,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471"
}
] |
Abstract Cultural meaning in a consumer society moves ceaselessly from one location to another. In the usual trajectory, cultural meaning moves first from the culturally constituted world to consumer goods and then from these goods to the individual consumer. Several instruments are responsible for this movement: advertising, the fashion system, and four consumption rituals. This article analyzes the movement of cultural meaning theoretically, showing both where cultural meaning is resident in the contemporary North American consumer system and the means by which this meaning is transferred from one location in this system to another.
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_3
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
Processing Fluency and Aesthetic Pleasure: Is Beauty in the Perceiver's Processing Experience?
|
[
{
"display_name": "Processing fluency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779398256",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.9091075,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530468"
},
{
"display_name": "Pleasure",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777113389",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.87789685,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208195"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.8243085,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Beauty",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780620123",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.67515916,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242"
},
{
"display_name": "Fluency",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777413886",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.59105515,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognitive psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C180747234",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5780651,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373"
},
{
"display_name": "Stimulus (psychology)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779918689",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53733873,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.47144043,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40480015,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
}
] |
We propose that aesthetic pleasure is a funnction of the perceiver's processing dynamics: The more fluently perceivers can process an object, the more positive their aesthetic response. We review variables known to influence aesthetic judgments, such as figural goodness, figure-ground contrast, stimulus repetition, symmetry, and prototypicality, and trace their effects to changes in processing fluency. Other variables that influence processing fluency, like visual or semantic priming, similarly increase judgments of aesthetic pleasure. Our proposal provides an integrative framework for the study of aesthetic pleasure and sheds light on the interplay between early preferences versus cultural influences on taste, preferences for both prototypical and abstracted forms, and the relation between beauty and truth. In contrast to theories that trace aesthetic pleasure to objective stimulus features per se, we propose that beauty is grounded in the processing experiences of the perceiver, which are in part a function of stimulus properties.
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822384786
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
Touching Feeling
|
[
{
"display_name": "Feeling",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C122980154",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7644509,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555"
},
{
"display_name": "Argument (complex analysis)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C98184364",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.677544,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131"
},
{
"display_name": "Nature versus nurture",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C120452360",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.589591,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773859"
},
{
"display_name": "Happiness",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778999518",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5724406,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8"
},
{
"display_name": "Ideal (ethics)",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776639384",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5373529,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.4550177,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4514153,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "Entertainment",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C512170562",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44670755,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799"
},
{
"display_name": "Cognition",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C169900460",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42362916,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3765974,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34344324,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "Social psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C77805123",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3360929,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272"
}
] |
Much of the writing inTouching Feeling originally appeared in other contexts.But this collection of essays also represents a distinct project, one that has occupied a decade's work, which has nonetheless, and with increasing stubbornness, refused to become linear in structure.I think it is best described as a project to explore promising tools and techniques for nondualistic thought and pedagogy.No doubt the ambition of thinking other than dualistically itself shaped the project's resistance to taking the form of a book-length, linear argument on a single topic.A lot of voices tell us to think nondualistically, and even what to think in that fashion.Fewer are able to transmit how to go about it, the cognitive and even affective habits and practices involved, which are less than amenable to being couched in prescriptive forms.At best, I'd hope for this book to prompt recognition in some of the many people who successfully work in such ways; and where some approaches may be new or unarticulated, a sense of possibility.The ideal I'm envisioning here is a mind receptive to thoughts, able to nurture and connect them, and susceptible to happiness in their entertainment.Especially since the 1960s any number of Western academic, popular, and professional discourses have been cumulatively invoking nondualistic approaches in physics, gender and sexuality, art, psychology and psychoanaly-
|
C107038049
|
Aesthetics
|
https://doi.org/10.2307/2505151
|
branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art, beauty, and taste
|
The Political Unconscious. Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act.
|
[
{
"display_name": "Unconscious mind",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C115786838",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8215486,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192105"
},
{
"display_name": "Narrative",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199033989",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8019401,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295"
},
{
"display_name": "Politics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94625758",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.692353,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163"
},
{
"display_name": "Sociology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144024400",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.48079363,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201"
},
{
"display_name": "The Symbolic",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776095079",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.44618788,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489538"
},
{
"display_name": "Epistemology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C111472728",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44378662,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychoanalysis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C11171543",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40161744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630"
},
{
"display_name": "Aesthetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107038049",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.40082908,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986"
},
{
"display_name": "History",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C95457728",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.34304744,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309"
},
{
"display_name": "Psychology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C15744967",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.31376547,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418"
}
] |
be obvious that no work in the area of narrative analysis can afford to ignore the fundamental contributions of Northrop Frye, the codifica tion by A. J. Greimas of the whole Formalist and semiotic traditions, the heritage of a certain Christian hermeneutics, and above all, the indispensable explorations by Freud of the logic of dreams, and by Claude Levi-Strauss of the logic of "primitive" storytelling and pensee sauvage, not to speak of the flawed yet monumental achievements in this area of the greatest Marxist philosopher of modern times, Georg Lukacs.These divergent and unequal bodies of work are here interro gated and evaluated from the perspective of the specific critical and interpretive task of the present volume, namely to restructure the prob lematics of ideology, of the unconscious and of desire, of representa tion, of history, and of cultural production, around the all-informing process of narrative, which I take to be (here using the shorthand of philosophical idealism) the central function or instance of the human
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1003466
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
|
[
{
"display_name": "Ipilimumab",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781433595",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.96598196,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2459042"
},
{
"display_name": "Metastatic melanoma",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2994587330",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.8183322,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180614"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.7536708,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Melanoma",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777658100",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7432914,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180614"
},
{
"display_name": "Cytotoxic T cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C154317977",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.62348795,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266"
},
{
"display_name": "Antigen",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147483822",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4884969,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537"
},
{
"display_name": "Oncology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C143998085",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4825358,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.44103977,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Overall survival",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3019894029",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.43784603,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332823"
},
{
"display_name": "Peptide",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779281246",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42892426,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172847"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42575914,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
},
{
"display_name": "Immunotherapy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2777701055",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.39334202,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096"
},
{
"display_name": "Immunology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C203014093",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.370982,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929"
}
] |
An improvement in overall survival among patients with metastatic melanoma has been an elusive goal. In this phase 3 study, ipilimumab — which blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 to potentiate an antitumor T-cell response — administered with or without a glycoprotein 100 (gp100) peptide vaccine was compared with gp100 alone in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma.
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1159/000353099
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
Evaluation of Factors Related to Late Recurrence - Later than 10 Years after the Initial Treatment - in Primary Breast Cancer
|
[
{
"display_name": "Metastasis",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779013556",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.67682415,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181876"
},
{
"display_name": "Dormancy",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C3527866",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6648075,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162267"
},
{
"display_name": "Breast cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530470458",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.61412215,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5095287,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078"
},
{
"display_name": "Metastatic breast cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2775930923",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5058698,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12859063"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4938503,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C96232424",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.481635,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C1491633281",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46117365,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868"
},
{
"display_name": "In vivo",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C207001950",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4350969,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124"
},
{
"display_name": "Liver cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776231280",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43047372,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623031"
},
{
"display_name": "Pathology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C142724271",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.42676994,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.42374584,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Cell division",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C85813293",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.41500235,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188909"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.38334933,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.35549408,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
Tumors can recur years after treatment, and breast cancer is especially noted for long periods of dormancy. The status of the cancer during this period is poorly understood. As a model to study mechanisms of dormancy, we used murine D2.0R mammary carcinoma cells, which are poorly metastatic but form occasional metastases in liver and other organs after long latency. Highly metastatic D2A1 cells provided a positive, metastatic control. Our goals were to learn how the cell lines differ in survival kinetics in a secondary site and to seek evidence for the source of D2.0R dormancy. In spontaneous metastasis assays from mammary fat pad injections, we found evidence for dormancy because of a persistence of large numbers of solitary cells in the liver. To quantify the fate of cells after arrival in liver, experimental metastasis assays were used. To permit identification of cells that had not divided, cells were labeled before injection with fluorescent nanospheres, which were diluted to undetectable levels by cell division. Cancer cells were injected i.v. to target them to the liver and coinjected with reference microspheres to monitor cell survival. Dormancy was defined as retention of nanosphere fluorescence in vivo, as well as negative staining for the proliferation marker Ki67. A large proportion of D2.0R cells persisted as solitary dormant cells. No metastases formed, but viable cells could be recovered from the liver 11 weeks after injection. Large numbers of solitary, dormant, Ki67-negative D2A1 cells were also detected against a background of progressively growing metastases. Thus, this study identified a possible contributor to tumor dormancy: solitary, dormant cells that persist in tissue. If such cells are present in patients, they could contribute to tumor recurrence and would not be susceptible to current therapeutic strategies targeting proliferating cells.
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa040938
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
Activating Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Underlying Responsiveness of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Gefitinib
|
[
{
"display_name": "Gefitinib",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780580887",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.97065675,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417824"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidermal growth factor receptor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2779438470",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7651895,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424401"
},
{
"display_name": "Lung cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776256026",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.69436014,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.6303072,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Tyrosine kinase",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C42362537",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.57747024,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87099740"
},
{
"display_name": "Medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C71924100",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5052262,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190"
},
{
"display_name": "Epidermal growth factor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2776362946",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.49090606,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424374"
},
{
"display_name": "Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2778820342",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.45538497,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906415"
},
{
"display_name": "Mutation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C501734568",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.42604452,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918"
},
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.39074305,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.3902464,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078"
},
{
"display_name": "Internal medicine",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C126322002",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3174021,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180"
}
] |
Most patients with non–small-cell lung cancer have no response to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, about 10 percent of patients have a rapid and often dramatic clinical response. The molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity to gefitinib are unknown.
|
C502942594
|
Cancer research
|
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11412
|
research into cancer to identify causes and develop strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure
|
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours
|
[
{
"display_name": "Biology",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.71827453,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420"
},
{
"display_name": "Breast cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C530470458",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.7127042,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581"
},
{
"display_name": "Epigenetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C41091548",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.59371555,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939"
},
{
"display_name": "GATA3",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C102037460",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.5287665,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18025464"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer research",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C502942594",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.4740612,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.448439,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187"
},
{
"display_name": "microRNA",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C145059251",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.43741512,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310899"
},
{
"display_name": "DNA methylation",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C190727270",
"level": 4,
"score": 0.42953196,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745"
},
{
"display_name": "Cancer",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C121608353",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.39274207,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078"
},
{
"display_name": "Genetics",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.37770027,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162"
},
{
"display_name": "Gene expression",
"id": "https://openalex.org/C150194340",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.30062705,
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972"
}
] |
We analysed primary breast cancers by genomic DNA copy number arrays, DNA methylation, exome sequencing, messenger RNA arrays, microRNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein arrays. Our ability to integrate information across platforms provided key insights into previously defined gene expression subtypes and demonstrated the existence of four main breast cancer classes when combining data from five platforms, each of which shows significant molecular heterogeneity. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers; however, there were numerous subtype-associated and novel gene mutations including the enrichment of specific mutations in GATA3, PIK3CA and MAP3K1 with the luminal A subtype. We identified two novel protein-expression-defined subgroups, possibly produced by stromal/microenvironmental elements, and integrated analyses identified specific signalling pathways dominant in each molecular subtype including a HER2/phosphorylated HER2/EGFR/phosphorylated EGFR signature within the HER2-enriched expression subtype. Comparison of basal-like breast tumours with high-grade serous ovarian tumours showed many molecular commonalities, indicating a related aetiology and similar therapeutic opportunities. The biological finding of the four main breast cancer subtypes caused by different subsets of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities raises the hypothesis that much of the clinically observable plasticity and heterogeneity occurs within, and not across, these major biological subtypes of breast cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas Network describe their multifaceted analyses of primary breast cancers, shedding light on breast cancer heterogeneity; although only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) are mutated at a frequency greater than 10% across all breast cancers, numerous subtype-associated and novel mutations were identified. This Article from the Cancer Genome Atlas consortium describes a multifaceted analysis of primary breast cancers in 825 people. Exome sequencing, copy number variation, DNA methylation, messenger RNA arrays, microRNA sequencing and proteomic analyses were performed and integrated to shed light on breast-cancer heterogeneity. Just three genes — TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3 — are mutated at greater than 10% frequency across all breast cancers. Many subtype-associated and novel mutations were identified, as well as two breast-cancer subgroups with specific signalling-pathway signatures. The analyses also suggest that much of the clinically observable plasticity and heterogeneity occurs within, and not across, the major subtypes of breast cancer.
|
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